Mellissa Fung is a Canadian journalist with CBC News, appearing regularly as a field correspondent on The National.

Education and career
Fung and her younger sister are the daughters of Kellog and Joyce Fung. She was born in Hong Kong, and her family moved to Vancouver when she was four years old. There, she attended an all-girls Catholic high school, then completed a Bachelor of Arts at the University of British Columbia where she contributed regularly to the student-run newspaper The Ubyssey. After graduating in 1994, she earned a master's degree from Columbia School of Journalism in 1995. From February 2001 to 2003 she reported for CBC-TV News in Vancouver. Since December 2003, she has served as a national reporter for CBC Television, working out of Toronto and Regina.

In her time as a national correspondent she has covered numerous topics on both Canadian and world affairs, including the Robert Pickton trial, the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, the trial of Mike Danton, the 2007 Saskatchewan provincial election, 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and uncovering Canada's international sales of toxic asbestos. In 2007 and 2008 she was sent on assignment to Afghanistan to cover the Canadian military presence there.

2008 kidnapping
In late 2008, Fung was sent on her second assignment to Afghanistan, based out of the Canadian military base at Kandahar.

On October 12, while en route to a refugee camp near Kabul, she was kidnapped by armed men. Fung alerted her employer using her mobile phone and stated that the kidnappers were not Taliban but "bandits". Her translator and driver—two Afghan brothers named Shokoor Feroz and Qaem Feroz—were beaten and left behind by the kidnappers. Before her captors abandoned her for the last week, she was blindfolded and chained to the inside of a tiny, dark cave. Zabiullah Mujahid, a Taliban spokesman in the eastern part of the county, told The Canadian Press that another Islamist group called Hizb-e-Islami was responsible for the abduction. They were later implicated by Afghan authorities in the kidnapping and detained, though CBC publisher John Cruickshank expressed confidence in them and stated that they were worried about their conditions in prison.

The kidnapping occurred two days before the 2008 Canadian federal election, and CBC requested a press blackout while negotiations were conducted with the kidnappers, out of concern that widespread media coverage would complicate matters. Though the incident was covered in Afghan press, the blackout was honoured by all Canadian media and Fung's kidnapping remained generally unknown within Canada.

Fung was finally released on November 8, 2008, after weeks of negotiations.  A spokesman for the governor of Wardak Province indicated that local tribal elders and provincial council members negotiated Fung's release and that no ransom was paid. However, it was later revealed that Afghan intelligence determined the identity of the kidnapper, abducted his family, then demanded Fung be released in a prisoner exchange.

On November 12, 2008, she was interviewed about her kidnapping by CBC Radio's Anna Maria Tremonti, in Dubai. The interview later earned Tremonti and Fung a gold medal at the 2009 New York Festivals Radio Programming and Promotion Awards.

Fung wrote the book Under an Afghan Sky about her experiences. During an interview with a columnist from The Globe and Mail, she said "I thought it might be cathartic...But it wasn’t." On May 5, 2011, Fung was interviewed by CBC radio and CBC TV to talk about her experience and her book.

In 2021 Fung released the documentary film Captive, which linked her abduction experience to those of three Nigerian women who had been abducted by Boko Haram. The film received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.

See also

List of kidnappings
List of solved missing person cases

References

1970s births
2010s missing person cases
Canadian journalists of Chinese descent
Canadian people taken hostage
Canadian television reporters and correspondents
Canadian war correspondents
Canadian women television journalists
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Foreign hostages in Afghanistan
Formerly missing people
Hong Kong emigrants to Canada
Living people
Missing person cases in Afghanistan
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Journalists from Vancouver
University of British Columbia alumni
Canadian documentary film directors
Canadian women film directors
Asian-Canadian filmmakers
Canadian women documentary filmmakers


Thomas Underhill (1545–1591) served as Keeper of the Wardrobe of Kenilworth Castle and had charge of its contents after the castle was given by Queen Elizabeth I to her favourite Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester in 1563.

Thomas Underhill was born the son of Sir Hugh Underhill and one of Thomas Maynman's daughters in 1545 at Greenwich, then in the County of Kent. Maynman served as Keeper of the Wardrobe at East Greenwich, the location of the Palace of Placentia. Underhill would not only marry his daughter and have Thomas Underhill as a son, but he would go on to replace Maynman as Keeper of the Wardrobe in 1563.

Appointed by Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, Thomas Underhill assumed responsibility as Keeper of the Wardrobe at Kenilworth Castle. Kenilworth was given by Queen Elizabeth to her favourite Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester. The fact that Thomas Underhill, son of a well-regarded member of her household was sent, shows the affection Queen Elizabeth I had both for Dudley and Underhill.

During his time at Kenilworth, Thomas Underhill would witness transformation of the castle by making the north entrance the main entrance to suit the tastes of Elizabeth, and adding the Leicester building, a large apartment, and a residential block overlooking the lake.

Elizabeth visited Dudley at Kenilworth Castle several times in 1566, 1568, and 1575. The last visit is especially remembered for Elizabeth brought an entourage of several hundred people who were entertained for 19 days at a reputed cost to Dudley of £1000 per day, an amount that almost bankrupted him.

Thomas Underhill and Magdalen Amyas married in 1570 and had one son, John Edward Underhill, who was born 1574 at Kenilworth.

Famous Descendants
John Edward Underhill (1574–1608), grandson of Hugh Underhill and son of Thomas Underhill, despite being born in England would be among Puritan exiles who left for Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands, where he died and was buried.

Captain John Underhill, great-grandson of Hugh Underhill, would emigrate from England to The Netherlands with his family, and then from The Netherlands to the Massachusetts Bay Colony where he became a leading figure in Colonial America.

Myron Charles Taylor, America's leading industrialist, and a key diplomatic figure at the hub of many of the most important geopolitical events before, during, and after World War II. Also eighth generation descended from Captain John Underhill.

Amelia Earhart, American aviation pioneer and author famous for her mysterious disappearance.

Sources
 Bulletin of the Underhill Society of America Education and Publishing Fund, 1967
 Boyer, Carl, Ancestral Lines: 144 Families in England, Germany, New England, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 1975

1545 births
1591 deaths
16th-century English people
Members of the British Royal Household
People from Greenwich
History of Warwickshire
Kenilworth


Guillaume Bottazzi (born in 1971) is a French visual artist.

Biography
Guillaume Bottazzi is a French visual artist, born in 1971. At the age of 17, he decided to become an artist as a single activity. He began to study painting in Italy. Back in France, winner of a competition, he moved in an artist studio given by French Minister of Culture. Soon he imposed himself on the art. Pioneer of neuroesthetic stream, Guillaume Bottazzi has signed more than one hundred artworks in public space. It forms part of an overall consideration, including various contextual elements. He has received orders from different foreign museums, for example from Mori Art Museum.

He exhibited regularly in galleries and museums in several countries in Europe, Asia, USA, including New York City, where he settled in the 2000s. In New-York, his artworks have been shown by the Goldstrom gallery and the White Cube’s Annex Gallery. In 2004, Guillaume Bottazzi moved to Japan. It was both a culture shock and a new source of inspiration for him. In 2010, at the initiative of Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Tokyo Metropolitan Foundation of History and Culture, the National Art Center, Tokyo, Suntory Museum of Art, Tokyo Midtown, Mori Building and Mori Art Museum, Guillaume Bottazzi created an artwork of 3 m high and 33 m wide at Roppongi Hills, in the center of Tokyo.

Another project, realized in 2011, can be seen in Sapporo, Japan, on the facades of the Miyanomori Art Museum, MIMAS, a work of 900 m², a jewel of Contemporary Art in Hokkaido. An exhibition of Guillaume Bottazzi’s work was organized at the same time.

In 2012, following the selection of the Mori Art Museum, Mori building has commissioned art works from French artist Guillaume Bottazzi. They are incorporated into the new high-rise building Ark Hills Sengokuyama: at heart of the rejuvenated Toranomon district in Tokyo.

Still in Japan, Guillaume Bottazzi is represented by the Gallery Itsutsuji, a mayor gallery in Tokyo. Gallery Itsutsuji is well known to have introduced Supports/Surfaces artists like Claude Viallat, Daniel Dezeuze, Jean-Pierre Pincemin and other artists like Simon Hantaï and Pierre Soulages. His paintings are also exhibited in Artiscope Gallery, a mayor gallery in Belgium. This gallery introduced Arte Povera and from Transavantgarde. His works is part of different public collections as the Queen Shorough Collection and the William Whipple Collection in the United States or as the MIMAS, Miyanomori International Museum of Art Miyanomori Art Museum in Japan.

In 2015, a Guillaume Bottazzi's 216 m² painting became part of the artistic path of La Défense in Paris. The greatest artists, from Alexander Calder to Richard Serra, including Joan Miró, have made their mark on the La Défense district. In 2016, Guillaume Bottazzi was invited to participate to the "Le French May" event, organized by the Consulate General of France in Hong Kong and Macau. This 565 square meters'exhibition took place in Hong Kong Central Library and 23 recent paintings have been shown.
Between 2016 and 2017, in Brussels, with the city and the European Commission, he created a painting 16 metres high that now forms part of the heritage of Brussels-Capital.

Artworks
In Guillaume Bottazzi's works, diffuse light reflects other spaces beyond their confines, notably through successive transparent, glazed (Glaze (painting technique)) layers of painting. The loose shapes appear to be freed of the laws of weightlessness. Areas disappear into the medium, an integral part of the work, giving an impression of infinity, forming impalpable elements and ethereal shapes. Light is found within space that is uncertain, an impression that is strengthened by the abstract nature of his works. His paintings give an impression of strangeness. His works leads us, the public, to change with them, stimulating our cognitive skills and forcing us to develop our own creative perception.
A study that was carried out by scientists Helmut Leder and Marcos Nadal from the University of Vienna proves that Guillaume Bottazzi’s art reduces anxiety in the people who look at it.

Artworks in public space

Gallery

References

External links
 Bottazzi's official website
 « Hope 2011 » - Guillaume Bottazzi - La France au Japon

French contemporary painters
Abstract painters
French muralists
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
21st-century French painters
21st-century French male artists
1971 births
Living people
French contemporary artists
French abstract artists


Aycliffe railway station served the village of Aycliffe in County Durham, England. The railway station was served by trains on the East Coast Main Line between Darlington and Durham.

History
Opened by the Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway, and then the North Eastern Railway, it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923, passing on to the Eastern Region of British Railways during the nationalisation of 1948. It was then closed by  British Railways.

The site today
Trains still pass at speed on the now electrified East Coast Main Line.

References

 Station on navigable O.S. map

Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
Disused railway stations in County Durham
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1844
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1953
1844 establishments in England
1953 disestablishments in England
Newton Aycliffe


V8 Hotstox is a British stock car racing formula that races on British short oval racing circuits. Drivers are members of the British Stock Car Drivers Association (BSCDA) and are affiliated to the British Stock Car Racing Association (BriSCA). V8 Hotstox have also previously been known as V8 Stock Cars. (www.v8hotstox.com)

Hotstox racing
Hotstox race at various venues in the UK. The tracks feature different surfaces such as shale, tarmac and concrete. The tracks all feature two straights and two turns to form an oval. The oval is surrounded by a safety barrier constructed of Armco, concrete, steel or posts and wires. Races vary in length with heats generally being 16 laps and final's 20. Each meeting consists of 2 or 3 heats plus a final and sometimes an allcomers race often called a Grand National.

The field of cars is split into 5 groups according to experience and points. Novices are graded 'White' and must have a white roof. The grades ascend as more points are scored, the next grade is Yellow followed by Blue, Red and Super Star grade. The Super Star grade have red roofs with amber flashing lights and are the most experienced drivers. Super Stars must start each race (aside from special championships) at the back of the field. Novices (White tops) start at the front followed by each grade.

Drivers may use force to pass the car in front to gain position. The winner is the first driver to complete race distance. The contact element is what attracts drivers and fans alike and requires great skill in delivering and withstanding the hits that are part and parcel of Hotstox racing.

History

1984 Humble beginnings
Hotstox was a concept developed by then promoter of the now defunct Long Eaton Stadium – Keith Barber. Barber also edited and produced the premier Stock Car publication Stock Car Magazine (SCM). It was in the pages of SCM in 1983 that Barber outlined the idea of a budget contact racing formula as an alternative to BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars. The rules were influenced heavily by Stock Cars that Barber had seen in New Zealand. The New Zealand cars featured 'Stock' bodies and small capacity engines. Barber derived the name Hotstox from a formula that he had seen in South Africa during a visit in the 1960s.

Early Hotstox rules allowed a basic ladder chassis construction with power provided by a Rover V8 or Ford V6. Suspension was restricted to leaf spring arrangements with strictly standard shock absorbers – rules which exist to this day. Stock bodies from production road cars were to be used and although the first constructed Hotstox featured such bodies, it became clear that creating a stock bodied car was not practical as the time taken to fabricate them proved both time consuming and costly.

The first cars constructed were built by Paul Lomax and by Dennis Howelland his son John. Lomax's car featured a Ford Fiesta body. Demonstration races began taking place – mainly at Long Eaton with the first meeting proper running at Long Eaton in April 1984.

6 cars contested the races at the first meeting. The pioneering drivers being #69 Paul Lomax, 7 Nigel Parker, 8 Ron Poyser, 50 Graham Bird, 58 Steve Booth and 99 Jack Eyres in the Lomax prototype. Although John Howell helped construct one of the first cars, he never went on to race a Hotstox. The first ever race was won by Nigel Parker who also took the feature final. The 2nd heat race was won by Graham Bird. A month later, the 2nd meeting took place at Long Eaton where two more competitors appeared: 3 Pete Clinch and 68 Alf Lomax (cousin of Paul). The race results were exactly as at the first meeting with Parker winning the 1st heat and final and Bird taking the 2nd heat.

Grids of up to 15 cars began to appear and meetings were staged at other venues: Scunthorpe, Coventry, Rochdale and Northampton. The first national championship was held at Long Eaton and was won by 3 Pete Clinch with a 3 Litre V6 Ford – and the Points Champion was Nigel Parker. By season's end, 19 meetings had been raced plus 1 demo (Coventry).

1985 2nd season
Having had a successful first season, it was clear that some organising would be required. Kath Lomax (wife of Paul) had been given the task of implementing a points structure and assumed the role of press officer, fixture planner and other behind the scenes assignments.

Keith Barber had constructed a new Hotstox based upon 1950s pioneer racer Harold 'Bozzy' Bosworth's Model B Ford Stock Car. The racer would be given away as a prize in a competition run by Barber's Stock Car Magazine. The winner, Barry Tempest (present day BSCDA Secretary) raced it only twice – blowing the engine both times before selling the car back to builder Barber.

The relative success of the fledgling Hotstox formula garnered interest and criticism from the British Stock Car Drivers Association (BSCDA) who saw the new budget Hotstox formula as a threat to the popular F1 Stock Car division. Fixtures were harder to come by due to BSCDA pressure. The fixture list ran from month to month with last minute meetings added in or cancelled. Long Eaton was the only promotion to guarantee their meetings. Still, 27 meetings took place: LE 9, Scunthorpe 6, Cleethorpes 4, Belle Vue 3, NiR 2 and Boston, Crewe and Skegness 1 each. Nigel Parker retained his Points Championship and added a British Championship to his trophy cabinet. The Nationals was taken once again by Pete Clinch. 27 drivers had raced. Notable additions to the formula included 96 Pete Morris, 24 John Gibson, 17 Andy Hulse, 72 Mike Dignan and 88 Graham Mellor.

1986 – 3rd season
1986 really should have seen the formula hit the big time but, meetings were still hard to come by with just 19 definite fixtures including sessions at Barrow in Furness. Despite a much bigger driver base of 51 registered, attendances averaged around the 20 mark. Much publicity was gained when ex 1981 F1 World Champion Len Wolfenden joined the ranks.

In August the Hotstox traveled east to Mildenhall. It was there that Kath Lomax began discussions with Spedeworth representatives about the possibility of the Hotstox and Spedeworth F1 formula racing together.

In September, 13 drivers made the trip to the Isle of Man to race for the 1st Manx TT Trophy. Winner of the Championship was 190 Len Wolfenden. A round up of the Championships saw 69 Paul Lomax take the Nationals at Long Eaton, The British at Belle Vue and the Points Championship to boot. 32 meetings were staged: LE 11, Belle Vue 6, Skegness 4, Cleethorpes 4, Barrow and Rochdale 2 each and NiR, Mildenhall and Aycliffe 1 a piece.

1987 Spedeworth
With gaps appearing in the fixture list and following on from the initial Spedeworth contact made at Mildenhall in 1986, the Hotstox journeyed south to Wimbledon Stadium, Plough Lane, London in April 1987 for an historic first meeting racing against the Spedeworth F1's. Paul Lomax scored two heat wins and the meeting was heralded as a complete success. A month later 19 Hotstox traveled to the capital and took on 25 Spedeworth F1's again receiving much praise for both sides.

The first ever solo Hotstox meeting took place at Long Eaton on 20 June. This was a real milestone for a formula that was less than 3 years old, going from nothing to a meeting dedicated to the formula. This also marked the appearance of some Spedeworth F1's first venture on to a BriSCA shale track.  The British Championship was held at Belle Vue in September where rumours of Stock Car Racing legend Stuart Smith's appearance at the wheel of a spare Lomax car were proved right. However, even Smith could not stop Len Wolfenden from walking away with the silverware. Not content with that, Wolfenden went to Wimbledon a month later and brought home the Spedeworth version. The Nationals saw Paul Lomax successfully defend his title at Long Eaton in November and also go on to win the points. The meetings were shared by: Long Eaton 10, Belle Vue 6, Wimbledon 3, Boston 3, Northampton 2, Hartlepool 2, Aycliffe 2, Skegness 2 with Scunthorpe and Crewe 1 each. There were over 70 active drivers by season's end.

1988 Continued growth
The Spedeworth connection continued with Hotstox racing at Ipswich's Foxhall Heath stadium, Wisbech's South Brink and Plough Lane Wimbledon. The Hotstox also debuted at Buxton's High Edge Raceway and after 2 years of trying, secured 2 dates at Birmingham Wheels which proved to become one of the most successful tracks for the Hotstox. The annual visit to the Isle of Man saw Paul Lomax crowned as Manx Champion to which he added the British and Points Championships. The Nationals went to 96 Pete Morris at Long Eaton which led the fixtures list with 10 meetings, Scunthorpe 5, Aycliffe, Crewe & Northampton with 4, Skegness 3, Sheffield, Birmingham, and Boston 2 and Buxton chipping in with 1 each.

1989 The finest hour
1989 was probably the Hotstox finest year. As in the previous season, another bumper influx of Ministox youth joined the ranks with Steve Hodgson, Lisa Harter, Andy Smith and Andy Turner stepping up from the junior division. Turner won the season opener with a final victory at Buxton, from another Ex F1 driver, Trevor Cadman, Richard Ainsworth made the move from F1 to Hotstox as did John Cayzer. Both Ainsworth and Cayzer debuted a Hotstox version of their F1's with Cayzer also building an identical sister car to his own for near neighbour Ms. Harter.

Another event under threat, but for totally different reasons, was that of the Manx Championship. The ferry company had hiked their prices up but relented eventually and the trip to the Isle of Man went ahead with Pete Morris taking the Manx Sword home.

The highest ever turnout of 49 Hotstox at Long Eaton's May meeting was topped by season's end with 53 at the same venue. The Spedeworth connection was kept alive with Paul and Alf Lomax, Keith Chambers, Pete Morris and Lisa Harter all making the trip to Ipswich for the Spedeworth British which was won by Spedeworth driver, the late Terry O'Connor. There followed a meeting at Wisbech which featured separate events for both Hotstox and Spedeworth F1's. Both raced for their own versions of the East Anglian Championship before a joint allcomers race which turned into a demolition derby. The winner of the East Anglian Championship was Jon Maw who tragically lost his life later the same year. Jon is remembered to this day with the running of the Jon Maw memorial trophy.

In what was a year heavily dominated by ex ministox drivers, only the experienced Richard Ainsworth was able to keep the young guns away from all of the silverware as he took the National Points. Andy Hodgson won the Nationals; Keith Chambers won the British and Ray Witts took the Northern and Midland. The Manx Championship was won by Pete Morris.

Sadly, Aycliffe closed its doors after having hosted 5 Hotstox meetings in 1989, Long Eaton again topped out with 11, Buxton, Birmingham and Scunthorpe weighed in with 5 each with Hartlepool and Mildenhall staging 2 apiece.

A young Andrew Smith debuted late in the season but suffered engine problems.

1990 BriSCA
1990 saw yet more new names enter the sport. Jim Bamford, Mick Rogers, Brandon Marlow, Mark Ford, Elliot Smith (son of ex F1 hard charger Gordon Smith) and ex Ministocker Billy Johnson. The youngsters again dominated Hotstox racing with Andy Smith doing very well early on in the season. As in 1989, it was Richard Ainsworth, who was able to keep the young blood behind him to set the pace for the points chase.

2 meetings on Spedeworth turf at Wisbech were run again as separate events from the Spedeworth F1's. One of the events being the English Championship won by 272 Andy Hodgson.

Initial approaches were made by BriSCA to the Hotstox Association (HSA) to engage in a loose association.

Back on track, the Hotstox raced at Bradford for the first time, Keith Chambers took the Manx Championship, Ray Witts successfully defended his Northern and Midland title and Richard Ainsworth took the British, The Nationals and the Points Championship.

1991 Andy Smith emergence
Amongst the new names to sign up were Neil Stuchbury, Jason Pursey, Warwick Ellis, Paul Heath, Stu Fellows, Paul Davies and Guy Parker. Shortly after the season kicked off, Paul Lomax announced his retirement, although he would remain involved with the sport.

The association with Spedeworth had now faded after an incident involving Phil Haigh and Spedeworth driver Jason Holden during the previous season. Haigh had also joined the HSA committee during the winter.

Stoke appeared on the fixture list for the first time and the battle for the points was a hot one as Ainsworth led but only just from Andy Smith and Witts. Phil Haigh took his first major title when he won the English Championship. Keith Chambers took the British and also successfully defended his Manx title as did Ray Witts when he retained the Northern and Midland remarkably the only driver to have won that particular title at the time. Ainsworth still led the points but in late July he broke his arm and had to sit out the rest of the season.  This left the door open for Witts and Smith to fight for the points.

The Nationals at Long Eaton attracted the season's biggest attendance – the biggest ever with 55 cars. The title went to Andy Smith.

1992 Andy Smith banned
During 1991, joint F1 / Hotstox meetings were run – successfully. However, The HSA raised concerns over some tracks that failed to provide sufficient track staff. 1992 would feature more joint F1/Hotstox meetings but there were still issues between the HSA and BriSCA. Most notably the loss of some dates which meant a very successful Whites and Yellows championship series would be reduced from 15 to just 9 rounds. The argument from Kath Lomax was that the series helped encourage new drivers into the formula.

New drivers for '92 included Chris Lloyd, Glen Pursey and Paul Fantom. Richard Ainsworth was back to take on Witts and Smith but also had to contend with Gary Monk and Elliot Smith who both made Superstar early in the season.

The major talking point in 1992 and possibly ever since, was the debut of a new car at Hednesford on 12 April. The car in question is probably the most famous Hotstox ever. Its builder has often been accused of being responsible for the near extinction of the Hotstox formula. Andy Smith takes up the story "I had run Ray Witts close in the '91 points and decided to build a new car for '92. I had spent a lot of time around the F1 scene and gathered a lot of ideas for the car. One of them was offset. No one had actually used a lot of offset and I soon realised that to get the engine over to the inside of the chassis, I needed to get it lower too. A lot of the other cars had massive cabs, mine featured a much smaller cab and my car was the first to feature spring boxes for weight jacking. It was a rush to get it ready for Hednesford and I'd had no help from my dad until right at the last minute when I was struggling to get the car finished in time. We managed to get it down to Hednesford the day before for some practice but that didn't go too well as we had a misfire. We managed to cure that and make it to Hednesford the next day. I really didn't know how well the car would go but it went like a rocket!. I won heat, Final and GN from the lap handicap, it just flew. The car was then weighed and found to be underweight and I was banned for 3 or 4 meetings and had my points and prize money taken away. It was a genuine mistake; I'd rushed to get the car done and didn't even consider the weight. What made it worse was that they had weighed some cars the previous week and found some cars under and overweight but had let them go as long as the drivers put it right for the next meeting. I totally agree that I should have had my points and money taken off me, but I can't help but think that they had been harsh with me."

A week later, Phil Haigh had heavily fenced Rob Maw, but a disciplinary committee could find no evidence of a deliberate fencing but warned Haigh of his behaviour. Haigh was at first seen as an entertainer, his forceful style together with his role as a self-appointed enforcer or 'Equaliser' as he liked to be known had drawn complaints from a lot of drivers with whom he had had vendettas. He tended to champion the underdog and pursue those who had expensive cars or big budgets. He soon became hard to control especially as he was by then a committee member. His car was weighed at Birmingham and found to be overweight. He argued that it was the scrutineer who had not weighed the car correctly or the scales which were faulty. He was once asked to tidy the appearance of his car; his reply was to turn up at the next meeting having wallpapered it. Kath Lomax saw Haigh as a threat to the integrity of the formula who single-handedly drew as much time and resources from the committee than anything else. Her view was that if Haigh could not control his behaviour, then he should be banned from the formula. It was a view that many shared, but many did not feel strong enough to take a stance against as each time Haigh managed to dodge any disciplinary action.

Following this chain of events, both Haigh and Smith resigned from the committee. In July at Buxton, Haigh had deliberately fenced Nigel Parker in one of the heat races. During the Final, Keith Chambers put Haigh in so hard that it brought the fence down. The race was halted whilst the fence was repaired. This enabled Haigh to make repairs to his car and he came back out on track. Chambers duly ran Haigh back in again, bringing the fence down once more. Buxton promoter Barry Watson immediately withdrew his race dates until this issue was resolved. Chambers received a ban and was fined for his actions. No action was taken against Haigh.

A letter from BriSCA had been sent to the Hotstox drivers informing them that BriSCA no longer wished to be involved with the Hotstox as long as Kath Lomax was part of the organisation. Whether this stance was in support of Phil Haigh or as a direct reply to Kath Lomax's continued requests for proper treatment of the Hotstox at various tracks or because she resisted joining BriSCA is unclear. The Lomax's regrettably resigned from a formula they had been involved with for nearly 10 years. The whole committee then stood down and BriSCA requested that the Hotstox form a Board of Control to enable an easier integration into BriSCA. Plain and simple, BriSCA did not wish to work with Kath Lomax any longer and Kath honorably stood aside. The new committee was led by Hans Kirimaa.

Back to the racing it was Richard Ainsworth who fairly comfortably beat Witts and Andy Smith for the National Points whilst the Eaton brothers claimed their first titles – the British went to Mark, and Jon took the Nationals held for the first time away from 'home' (Long Eaton) at Skegness. A new championship – The European Gold Cup – was Andy Smith's swansong as he announced his departure from Hotstox: "I came into Hotstox because I wanted to. I never even considered doing F1 as I just didn't see me being able to afford it. The ban gave me the push to want to do F1's and I built a Hotstox for Jason Pursey as well as selling my two to get enough money together to build an F1."

1993–94 The dark years
Following the Lomax resignation, the formula began to decline. A new Board of Control was formed but failed to regain the initiative. By the end of 1993, top drivers Phil Haigh and Elliott Smith retired, and Richard Ainsworth blew one too many engines and decided to call it a day and Keith Chambers moved on to F1 taking Nigel Parker with him as chief mechanic. Ray Witts took the British, Nationals and National Points Championships.

In 1994 Talks with Spedeworth once again were entered into as both divisions struggled to put cars on track in large numbers. Visiting Hotstox drivers raced at Wimbledon against the Spedeworth F1's with Ray Witts winning the Spedeworth British Championship on another visit to Wimbledon. 244 Mick Rogers took his first Nationals title at Birmingham but could not stop Ray Witts from taking the Hotstox British Championship and National Points.

1995–1999 Spedeworth revisited
1995 brought a name change for the Hotstox in an attempt to change the image and appeal to attract new drivers. The new moniker – V8 Stock Cars – was adopted. The Spedeworth F1's also chose to adopt the new name as the two divisions grew closer. By season's end, Spedeworth driver 98 Peter Scott had won the British away from home at Birmingham and Andy Turner had taken the Nationals and National Points. Witts had by then succumbed to the draw of F1 and faded from the V8 scene to construct something special for his F1 debut.

By 1996, a core of around 20 drivers kept up appearances. There were more names on the register, but regulars were hard to come by. Meetings were also hard to come by with Buxton becoming the supportive crutch. Barry Watson also ventured on track in an ex-Elliott Smith car in an effort to boost car numbers but it was a struggle to get above 20 cars at most meetings and it tended to be the same 20 or less each meeting although visiting Spedeworth drivers did help increase numbers when they travelled. Andy Turner retained his Nationals title but had to give best to 244 Mick Rogers who took the British and the Points.

The ties between the V8's and the Spedeworth V8's were worked on for the 1997 season. Both parties were keen to work on a unified fixture list but separate championships still existed even though both divisions raced for each other's championships. With more travelling by both sets of drivers, both divisions gained car numbers. The 97 British title was won by 58 Terry O'Connor, the Spedeworth National title saw a novice graded Hotstox driver 313 Dave Hobbs take the win on a wet night at Wimbledon. Mick Rogers won the World Final (renamed to avoid a title clash with the Spedeworth Nationals) at Buxton. The race was a bruising affair for some of the Spedeworth visitors who fell victim to one or two Northern V8s. 98 Peter Scott was a big threat who was fenced heavily by 45 John Adams to help ensure the title stayed North.

Andy Turner moved on to F1's. 334 Dave Atkinson campaigned the ex-Ray Witts tarmac car and quietly worked his way to a National points title over Mick Rogers.

For the first time, the fixture list would officially involve Spedeworth ran tracks. The 1998 Points Championship was unified and nationalised with drivers from the North and South racing for the same titles. The problem was that neither division fully committed to each other's fixtures. The only tracks that really fully benefited were Wimbledon, Northampton and Birmingham. They generally attracted 5 or 6 'away' drivers per meeting. Another problem was that Spedeworth did not at that time publish a full years racing schedule. They tended to run to a three-month fixture list which produced problems for the V8's as some Spedeworth dates clashed with the confirmed dates as published before the season started. As a result, both divisions failed to gain car numbers as both chose to race 'at home'.

Following the 1997 World Final, the racing between the two divisions had become a little tense. Matters were made worse when the Spedeworth drivers refused to fit restrictor plates on their engines. Generally, the racing was fairly even but on a dry track, the Spedeworth cars had a definitive power advantage. Some of the Northern V8's were becoming discouraged and matters would only get worse as the season wore on. A real 'them or us' war was simmering away. The war would reach the surface at the Spedeworth Ipswich staged World Final. The first time the Northern V8's stood the chance of losing their own title. Come the night, the Northern V8's arrived in force only to be told that only two races had been planned by the promotion. With the threat of an en-masse load up, the promotion relented and gave the drivers a third race with the World Final as race one. Mick Rogers started on pole and made a good start. As the race wore on, the rest of the Northern challenge fell by the wayside leaving Rogers to fend off the Spedeworth challenge. Some unnecessary race stoppages compounded Rogers' problems and eventually he was overhauled as 594 Marty Page took the title South. The rest of the evenings programme became a heavy affair as the Northern drivers sought their revenge with 113 Neil Stuchbury in the thick of the action. It would be the very last time the North and South would race together as the joint venture was abandoned.

It was during the 1999 season that the idea of introducing the 350 Chevy in standard form was once again tabled in an attempt to keep costs down and attract new drivers. The major concerns apart from the additional weight were policing the 'standard' Chevy with so many aftermarket parts available plus displeasing the F1 BSCDA who might have thought the Chevy was a bit too close to their territory. The V8 BoC were split with the anti-Chevy supporters proposing the introduction of the 3.9 and 4.2 Rover engines in standard form. The drivers were given the choice and by a narrow margin chose the Rover option.

One major event which happened completely by surprise during 1999 was the V8's racing on the hallowed shale of Coventry Stadium. Promoter Martin Ochiltree had cancelled another formula after learning of their short numbers and approached the V8's to fill in. In short notice, 20 odd V8's were assembled and put on a decent display. As a result, one further date was offered later in the season and a promise of further dates for 2000.

2000 Stuart Smith Jr
The millennium was to be a fairly pivotal year. Low car numbers had plagued the formula for a number of seasons and at times it had been a real struggle to rectify the situation. At least once the drivers had been read the riot act – turn up or face extinction.

Two things helped the V8's turn a corner. The first was a committed string of dates at Coventry as support to the F1's and the second came from Rochdale, lancs.

Stuart Smith Jnr. was offered an old Hotstox chassis by sister-in-law Lisa Harter who had kept her old Cayzer car since retiring it. Stuart refurbished it and entered the V8 arena. If Andy's last season in Hotstox was supposedly so detrimental to the formula then, Stuarts first would do nothing but good for the budget division. Stuart brought a lot of needed attention to the formula with his exploits worthy of column inches in the various racing magazines due initially to his family's racing heritage. The fact that the V8's were now racing regularly at Coventry on the same bill as the F1's and featuring Stuart was just the exposure the V8's needed. Stuart managed to get an ageing car to red top in no time and he did it by being consistent.

Mick Rogers took a clean sweep of the major titles for 2000 but Stuart found a buyer for his ancient Cayzer car and started construction of a real race winner for the 2001 season. Mick Rogers dominance had a challenger.

During 2000, the BSCDA chaired by Stuart Milnes had negotiations with some members of the V8 BoC to discuss the V8's joining the BSCDA. The drivers were offered the choice and the majority voted on a union. After a number of years in the red, the V8's were now looking at a brighter future.

2001–2002 Smith V Rogers

2001 featured a season long battle between Rogers and Smith. Smith took the Nationals at Buxton and followed that up with the National Points which came a bit easier as Rogers broke his ankle playing football with his son in the back yard and had to miss the last 4 meetings of the season. Stuart wrapped the points up at the last meeting to cap a great season for him and the V8's. Hotstox returnee Mick Greenwood captured the British Championship. Once more the V8's had begun to attract new drivers and car numbers steadily rose.

2002 was round two of Smith versus Rogers. Smith was robbed of a World Final at Belle Vue when a lap scoring error had wiped out the lead he had built up and this allowed Rogers to close and pass to take the title. Somewhat dejected, Smith made sure of his second National Points before a move into F1's with a young Chris Cowley the new owner of the Smith car. 575 Darren Cottrill captured his first major with a victory in the British Championship.

2003–present

After Stuart had brought so much good publicity to the V8's, his departure left a bit of a hole. 131 Kevin Stuchbury helped to fill the void and took on Rogers for the Points Championship. The British Championship was taken by a young driver who had been racing below par machinery for a couple of seasons before getting serious with a new construction. Chris Fort had grown up around the Wainman's in Silsden and learned his trade in a car nicknamed Frankenstockcar or the 'Bye Bye Now' special (so-called because of that slogan painted very firmly tongue in cheek on the back of the car). Rogers took the World Final at Northampton but had to give best to Stuchbury who took the Points title at the last meeting.

Mick Rogers served the Hotstox for many years and enjoyed a lot of success especially towards the end of his Hotstox career. A birthday present in the shape of a run out in Paul Hines' spare F1 at an end of season 2005 Birmingham Wheels was all the carrot needed and Mick's cars were offered for sale in readiness for a career move into F1's. Before Mick moved on, he claimed a seventh Nationals title and a fifth National Points in 2004.

As has been the trend for the Hotstox, one or two drivers have tended to dominate and with Rogers' departure, Chris Fort took on the mantle of top man. Chris claimed his first Nationals title at Sheffield in 2005 and backed it up with a National Points Championship. Fort made it back-to-back titles in 2006 with the British to make it a clean sweep. Fort then pursued a career in F1's to allow Kevin Stuchbury to take over at the top. Kevin going on to take all three majors in 2007 and the World and National Points in 2008. 161 Mark Allen took his career first title when he won the British Championship re-run at Coventry's April session. A full list of the major title winners appears for the first time ever in any publication. It took a lot of research to compile the list but it's all there (see below).

Currently, the Hotstox – having reverted to the original name – are enjoying a resurgence. Car numbers are topping thirty on a regular basis and a tighter grip on the organisation and regulations are helping the formula to grow. If there can be any lessons learned from doing the research on the history of the Hotstox it is that with proper organisation and a willingness to listen to the drivers, the formula can flourish. It very nearly failed, and more than a few people have tried to take more than they have given.

With so many drivers having moved on from Hotstox to have excellent careers in F1, it has proved to be a highly successful training ground. Frankie Wainman has said on more than one occasion that the Hotstox should be treated as a stepping-stone from Ministox to F1.

The Hotstox celebrated 25 years in 2009, not bad for a formula that someone once labelled 'a bunch of enthusiastic triers'.

In 2013 Chris Bracher made history in the formula when he won his fourth consecutive World Championship at Coventry. Bracher started outside row 10; a gruelling race saw the lead change hands on 5 occasions to 5 different drivers; early leaders Kevin Stuchbury, Craig Smith and Sam Mee all fell by the wayside; leaving Darren Cottrill and Bracher to fight it out. Bracher taking the lead just a handful of laps left to run. World Final night also saw celebration for long serving driver Bryan Andrew, who in 2013 completed his 25th anniversary in the formula. Bryan is still racing and continues to mix it; picking up race wins along the way.

2014 – 30th anniversary season

2014 saw the formula keep going from strength to strength; more new drivers and new cars appearing along with a host of different drivers doing the winning. The formula also returns to two tracks which haven't featured the formula for a number of years (Mildenhall and King's Lynn) The first part of the season will be much remembered for Phoebe Wainman (Daughter of Frankie Wainman Junior) meteoric rise to the top of the formula, picking up wins and points wherever she raced; Miss Wainman currently leads the National Points – the first ever women to do so in an adult; national formula. Hayley Williams also impressed in the first part of the season; Hayley making history when she won the feature final race at Birmingham 26 April – the first ever lady to win a final in the V8 Hotstox since the formula started. The win was also the first Final Hayley won in her Stock Car career after previously racing the National Ministox.

New Zealand link
In 2006 links were established with the promoter of Paradise Valley Speedway in Rotorua, New Zealand – Sonja Hickey. Two Hotstox drivers travelled to Rotorua to participate in the 'World of Stocks' in April 2007. Chris Fort and Stuart Milnes raced borrowed cars for the Championship with Fort acquitting himself well. In August 2007, 3 New Zealand drivers – Paul Maybe, Clive Pritchard and Scott Gallopp – raced in the Hotstox World Final meeting (Maybe and Pritchard also raced in the World Final itself whilst Gallopp only contested the rest of the programme) at King's Lynn. Maybe ran 3rd for a large part of the race before mechanical failure relegated him down the field.

April 2008 saw Hotstox drivers Matt Smith, Marc Radforth and Darren Cottrill race in New Zealand with Radforth performing well and Cottrill managing to roll his car. Kiwi drivers racing in the UK were Nick Vallance, Alan and Graham McRobbie. Alan McRobbie scored two wins at his one and only UK race meeting – no mean feat.

In March 2009 Mark Allen and Steve Bowman travelled to Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand to represent the UK. Drivers from New Zealand represented their country in the UK also with Scott Fredrickson competing at many meetings throughout the summer and recording race wins including a feature final at Coventry. Scott was joined by Dale Stewart and Doug Stanaway for the 2009 V8 Hotstox World Final although all three recorded a DNF (Did Not Finish).

In 2010 Ivan Pritchard and the then current V8 Hotstox World Champion Chris Fort represented the UK at the World of Stocks event at Rotorua's Paradise Valley Speedway, New Zealand. During their stay, Fort recorded a win – the first UK representative from the V8 Hotstox formula to do so. The New Zealand representative for the 2010 World Final at Buxton on 1 August 2010 was Shaun Stewart. Stewart recorded a DNF after suffering an arm injury during the race and took no further part in the meeting.

In March 2011 Chris Bracher – 2010 World Champion – represented the UK at the Rotorua staged World of Stocks event where he managed to finish just one race out of three in 25th place. His 4–point haul bringing him home in last position. Winner of the event – Scott Fredrickson – looks set to represent New Zealand in the UK at the Belle Vue staging of the V8 Hotstox World Final in September.

The tracks
Currently, the Hotstox can be seen at the following venues in the UK:

 Aldershot Raceway
 Buxton Raceway
 Cowdenbeath Stadium
 Odsal Stadium Bradford
 Hednesford Hills Raceway
 King's Lynn
 Lochgelly Raceway
 Mildenhall
 Northampton International Raceway
 Sheffield Owlerton Raceway
 Skegness Raceway
 Taunton Raceway
 Bristol Mendips Raceway
 Yarmouth Stadium
 Arlington (Eastbourne)

National / world champions

National points champions

British champions

Notable drivers
Notable ex and current Hotstox drivers include:

 Andrew Smith – 1994, 2006, 2008, 2009 & 2010 F1 Stock car World Champion
 Keith Chambers – 1995 F1 Stock car World Champion
 Stuart Smith Jnr – 2007 & 2018 F1 Stock car World Champion and 2008 British F1 Stock car Champion
 Paul Hines – 2005 European F1 Stock car Champion, 2010 F1 Stock car British Champion
 Frankie Wainman Snr – 1979 F1 Stock car World Champion and multiple National Points Champion
 Paul Lomax – Multiple Hotstox Champion
 Nigel Parker – Multiple Hotstox Champion
 Ray Witts – Multiple Hotstox Champion
 Andy Turner – Multiple Hotstox Champion
 Mick Rogers – Multiple Hotstox Champion
 Chris Fort – Multiple Hotstox Champion
 Kevin Stuchbury – Current Multiple Hotstox Champion
 Chris Bracher – 4-time World Champion 2010–2013
 Phoebe Wainman – First ever lady to reach Superstar & first lady to win a championship (British 2016)
 Hayley Williams – First ever lady to win a feature final race
 Adam Joyce – Multiple World and National Points Champion
 Thomas Brighton – Youngest Ever World Champion at 17 Years old in 2023

References

External links

Stock car racing in the United Kingdom
Stock car racing series
Auto racing series in the United Kingdom


The Pine Tier Dam is a gravity dam built in Tasmania, Australia in 1953. It has a height of 40 metres and a crest length of 195 metres. The total volume of the dam wall is 77,000 cubic metres.

See also

List of reservoirs and dams in Tasmania

References

Hydro Tasmania dams
Dams completed in 1953
Gravity dams


The 1994 United States Senate election in Indiana was held November 8, 1994. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Richard Lugar was re-elected to a fourth term. Lugar won all but one county.

General election

Candidates
Mary Catherine Barton (New Alliance)
Barbara Bourland (Libertarian)
 Jim Jontz, former U.S. Representative (Democratic)
 Richard Lugar, incumbent U.S. Senator (Republican)

Results

By county
Lugar won 91 of Indiana's 92 counties, Jontz won only the Democratic stronghold of Lake County.

See also
 1994 United States Senate elections

References

1994
Indiana
Senate


Mario Pérez Saldívar (born March 13, 1939) is a retired long-distance runner from Mexico. He won the gold medal in the men's 5.000 metres event at the 1970 Central American and Caribbean Games, and competed for his native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

Personal bests
5,000 metres — 13.45.8 (1971)

References

1939 births
Living people
Mexican male long-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1971 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Mexico
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Mexico
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Mexico
Competitors at the 1970 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics
Medalists at the 1971 Pan American Games
20th-century Mexican people


Arvo Kalle Olavi Ojanperä (27 October 1921 – 8 May 2016) was a Finnish sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1950s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the C-1 1000 m event at Helsinki in 1952. He was born in Tyrvää.

References

Olavi Ojanperä's profile at Sports Reference.com

1921 births
2016 deaths
People from Sastamala
Canoeists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Finnish male canoeists
Olympic canoeists for Finland
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Olympic medalists in canoeing
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Pirkanmaa


Radio Italia Solo Musica Italiana is an Italian music radio station based in Cologno Monzese, Italy, entirely devoted to Easy listening Italian music. It was the first to use this format in Italy.
It was founded in 1982 by the Italian musician and composer Mario Volanti.
In 1990 it was the most listened to commercial radio station in Italy.

In 1996 it expand its coverage using the satellite. In 1997 it launced its website and since November 12, 2002 it started to do streaming with Windows Media.
Besides FM in Italy, Albania, France, Switzerland, DTT and DAB (Italy and Ticino), cable radio (only in Switzerland) and Free to Air on Hotbird 8, it is also available on SKY Italia and Dish Network.
In 2007 had 3.776.000 average listeners in Italy.

In the 90s a second station was born with the name of Radio Italia Anni 60, airing in syndication on Italian soil and broadcasting music from 60s, 70s and 80s.
One of the shows of the radio was Rit Parade, hosted in the weekend by Stefano Cilio, presenting a selection of the most popular Italian songs.

See also
 Video Italia
 Radio Italia TV

References

External links
 Official Website

1982 establishments in Italy
Free-to-air
Radio stations established in 1982
Cable radio
Radio stations in Italy
Mass media in Cologno Monzese


An overhead clothes airer, also known variously as a ceiling clothes airer, laundry airer, pulley airer, laundry rack, laundry pulley, or a Sheila Maid, is a ceiling-mounted mechanism to dry clothes. In the North of England it is often known as a creel, in Scotland as a pulley, and in United States as a Sheila Maid.

History
Overhead clothes airers were often installed, from the late eighteenth century onwards, in the laundry room of large houses and estates in Europe. Originally made by the estate handyman, by the middle of the 19th century they almost always benefited from a rope and pulley system to raise and lower the rack, and such systems began to be manufactured and sold commercially, both in Europe and America.
Larger, wealthier or commercial properties sometimes had drying cabinets or drying rooms associated with their laundry rooms, in addition to or instead of clothes airers. The cabinets were of wood or cast iron, with a series of drying racks on wheels which were pulled in or out of the cabinet horizontally. The cabinet was heated by coal, gas or wood. The Shaker community still uses these cabinets. Similar drying cabinets exist today, powered by electricity, but are intended for delicate clothing unsuitable for a powered clothes dryer, rather than for general drying.
However, although the washing of laundry became mechanised and electrified in the twentieth century, even households that can afford electric clothes driers may also use a clothes airer, and its environmentally friendly qualities have led to a resurgence in its popularity, with a number of new manufacturers springing up in recent decades.

There are electric overhead airers, which lower and raise themselves.

Description
The airer consists of a rack with several horizontal wooden rails or laths, suspended in two mounts or rack ends which were originally cast iron, but may be other metals or alloys today. The rack ends serve to hold and space the rails, and act as points to secure the cords that raise and lower the unit. Cords go from the metal tether points to pulleys mounted on the ceiling, and then to a cleat hook mounted on the wall.

The defining feature of this airer is its pulley system. The airer is lowered to be loaded or unloaded, then raised to move the items up into warmer air and as out of the way of room occupants as the ceiling height allows.

A pulley clothes airer is sometimes also described as "Victorian", "Edwardian", or "Lancashire" and then comprises two iron frames positioned as far apart as desired to provide a suitable length, with wooden laths, typically four or six, passed through holes in them. The frames are suspended from the ceiling by a system of rope and pulleys. The result is a hoistable rack with several parallel bars on which clothes can be draped out of the way, or hung, extending further down, with clothes hangers.

A modern development uses a wooden frame with seven to eleven continuous clothes lines which increase the capacity of the clothes horse. The frame uses a  clam cleat to tighten the clothes lines and hangs on four ropes. This increases the necessary installation effort, but also improves safety by increasing redundancy of the suspension. It uses a pulley system (block and tackle) which reduces the required force to lift the loaded frame.

See also
Clothes horse
Clothes line
Airing Cupboard
Clothes dryer
Laundry
Mangle

References

Laundry drying equipment


Handsworth Wood railway station was a railway station in Handsworth Wood, Birmingham, England, on the London and North Western Railway's rail link between the Chase Line and the West Coast Main Line.  The station operated between 1896 and 1941, and like neighbouring station Soho Road, closed during the Second World War, as a result of decreasing use by passengers who possibly found the new 16 bus route more convenient.

The station site lies in a cutting through Handsworth Park, adjacent to St. Mary's Church.

References

 Warwickshire Railways entry

Disused railway stations in Birmingham, West Midlands
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1896
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1941
Handsworth, West Midlands


The Saturn MP Transmission were a series of  5-speed manual and 4-speed automatic transmissions that were manufactured by Saturn Corporation exclusively for the S-Series. They were designed for transverse engine applications and was deployed in vehicles that output up to 122 ft·lbf of engine torque.

Manual Transmissions

MP2
Gear ratios

Applications
 1991–2002 Saturn SC1, SL, SL1, SW, SW1

MP3
Gear ratios

Applications
 1991–2002 Saturn SC, SC2, SL2, SW2

Automatic Transmissions

MP6
Gear ratios

Applications
 1991–2002 Saturn SC1, SL1, SW1

MP7
Gear ratios

Applications
 1991–2002 Saturn SC, SC2, SL2, SW2

Sources

General Motors transmissions


Glyntraian () is a community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales.

The parish of Glyntraian, lying at the mouth of the Ceiriog Valley, was formed when the ancient parish of Llangollen was divided into three traeanau ("traean/traian" being the Welsh for "third"): Llangollen Traean, Trefor Traean, and Glyn Traean - which became known as Glyntraian.

It contained the historic townships of Cilcochwyn, Crogeniddon, Crogenwladus, Erwallo, Hafodgynfor, Nantygwryd, Pennant and Talygarth.

Today, Glyntraian contains the villages of Dolywern, Llechrydau, Llwynmawr and Pontfadog;  it is governed by Glyntraian Community Council (), which replaced Glyntraian Parish Council under the Local Government Act 1972. At the 2001 Census, the community area had a total population of 878, falling to 822 at the 2011 Census.

References

Communities in Wrexham County Borough


In the 1979 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.

Group stage
The teams were divided into eight groups of four teams each.

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Group 7

Group 8

See also
 1979–80 European Cup
 1979–80 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
 1979–80 UEFA Cup

External links
  by Pawel Mogielnicki

1979
4


The Facial Recognition Technology (FERET) program was a government-sponsored project that aimed to create a large, automatic face-recognition system for intelligence, security, and law enforcement purposes. The program began in 1993 under the combined leadership of Dr. Harry Wechsler at George Mason University (GMU) and Dr. Jonathan Phillips at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in Adelphi, Maryland and resulted in the development of the Facial Recognition Technology (FERET) database. The goal of the FERET program was to advance the field of face recognition technology by establishing a common database of facial imagery for researchers to use and setting a performance baseline for face-recognition algorithms.

Potential areas where this face-recognition technology could be used include:

 Automated searching of mug books using surveillance photos
 Controlling access to restricted facilities or equipment
 Checking the credentials of personnel for background and security clearances
 Monitoring airports, border crossings, and secure manufacturing facilities for particular individuals
 Finding and logging multiple appearances of individuals over time in surveillance videos
 Verifying identities at ATM machines
 Searching photo ID records for fraud detection

The FERET database has been used by more than 460 research groups and is currently managed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). By 2017, the FERET database has been used to train artificial intelligence programs and computer vision algorithms to identify and sort faces.

History
The FERET program first began as a way to unify a large body of face-recognition technology research under a standard database. Before the program's inception, most researchers created their own facial imagery database that was attuned to their own specific area of study. These personal databases were small and usually consisted of images from less than 50 individuals. The only notable exceptions were the following:

 Alex Pentland’s database of around 7500 facial images at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
 Joseph Wilder's database of around 250 individuals at Rutgers University
 Christoph von der Malsburg’s database of around 100 facial images at the University of Southern California (USC)

The lack of a common database made it difficult to compare the results of face recognition studies in the scientific literature because each report involved different assumptions, scoring methods, and images. Most of the papers that were published did not use images from a common database nor follow a standard testing protocol. As a result, researchers were unable to make informed comparisons between the performances of different face-recognition algorithms.

In September 1993, the FERET program was spearheaded by Dr. Harry Wechsler and Dr. Jonathan Phillips under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Defense Counterdrug Technology Development Program.

Phase I
The first facial images for the FERET database were collected from August 1993 to December 1994, a time period known as Phase I. The pictures were initially taken with a 35-mm camera at both GMU and ARL facilities, and the same physical setup was used in each photography session to keep the images consistent. For each individual, the pictures were taken in sets, including two frontal views, a right and left profile, a right and left quarter profile, a right and left half profile, and sometimes at five extra locations. Therefore, a set of images consisted of 5 to 11 images per person. At the end of Phase I, the FERET database had collected 673 sets of images, resulting in over 5000 total images.

At the end of Phase I, five organizations were given the opportunity to test their face-recognition algorithm on the newly created FERET database in order to compare how they performed against each other. There five principal investigators were:

 MIT, led by Alex Pentland
 Rutgers University, led by Joseph Wilder
 The Analytic Science Company (TASC), led by Gale Gordon
 The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaigne, led by Lewis Sadler and Thomas Huang
 USC, led by Christoph von der Malsburg

During this evaluation, three different automatic tests were given to the principal investigators without human intervention:

 The large gallery test, which served to baseline how algorithms performed against a database when it has not been properly tuned.
 The false-alarm test, which tested how well the algorithm monitored an airport for suspected terrorists.
 The rotation test, which measured how well the algorithm performed when the images of an individual in the gallery had different poses compared to those in the probe set.

For most of the test trials, the algorithms developed by USC and MIT managed to outperform the other three algorithms for the Phase I evaluation.

Phase II
Phase II began after Phase I, and during this time, the FERET database acquired more sets of facial images. By the start of the Phase II evaluation in March 1995, the database contained 1109 sets of images for a total of 8525 images of 884 individuals. During the second evaluation, the same algorithms from the Phase I evaluation were given a single test. However, the database now contained significantly more duplicate images (463, compared to the previous 60), making the test more challenging.

Phase III
Afterwards, the FERET program entered Phase III where another 456 sets of facial images were added to the database. The Phase III evaluation, which took place in September 1996, aimed to not only gauge the progress of the algorithms since the Phase I assessment but also identify the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm and determine future objectives for research. By the end of 1996, the FERET database had accumulated a total of 14,126 facial images pertaining to 1199 different individuals as well as 365 duplicate sets of images.

As a result of the FERET program, researchers were able to establish a common baseline for comparing different face-recognition algorithms and create a large standard database of facial images that is open for research.

In 2003, DARPA released a high-resolution, 24-bit color version of the images in the FERET database (existing reference).

References

External links
FERET NIST Website
Color FERET Database
FERET NIST Documents

Facial recognition software
Datasets in computer vision
Biometrics
Biometric databases
Machine learning task
Automatic identification and data capture
Surveillance


Michael Charles Murphy (February 26, 1860 – June 4, 1913) was an American athletic trainer and coach at Yale University (1887–1889, 1892–1896, 1901–1905), Detroit Athletic Club (1889–1892), University of Michigan (1891), Villanova University (1894), University of Pennsylvania (1896–1901, 1905–1913), and the New York Athletic Club (1890–1900). He coached the American track athletes at the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1908, and 1912. He spent a year in approximately 1884 as the trainer of heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan.

The Washington Post in 1913 called Murphy "the father of American track athletics." He was considered the premier athletic trainer of his era and was said to have "revolutionized the methods of training athletes and reduced it to a science." He is credited with establishing many innovative techniques for track and field, including the crouching start for sprinters.

Early years
Accounts concerning Murphy's youth differ. He was born in February 1860 either in Southboro, Westboro or Natick, Massachusetts. He was the son of Irish immigrants, a man "of humble birth and scant education." Murphy's father had a reputation as an athlete, and Murphy's desire as a youth was to become a great athlete. He has been variously reported to have traveled the country participating in "six-day races" at the age of 20 and to have been a boxer and a minor league baseball player. Some accounts state that he was part of the world's champion Natick Hook and Ladder racing team of the early 1880s with Keene Fitzpatrick, Steve Farrell, Pooch Donovan, Piper Donovan, Johnny Mack and Sid Peet. According to his obituary in The Philadelphia Inquirer, "his ambition was to stand out prominently as a six-day pedestrian and at the age of eighteen he was out in the world trying to win fame and fortune on the tan bark track." Then, "after several years of grueling running indoors without anything but glory, Murphy branched out as a sprinter and baseball player."

At least one published report states that Murphy "was himself one of the greatest professional sprinters this country ever saw." Other accounts indicate that he never achieved great success as an athlete. A friend of Murphy, Pat Hurley, recalled that Murphy's days as a trainer began when Mike Finn, the fleetest professional sprinter in New England, received a letter from New Haven asking him to act as a trainer there. Finn reportedly joked to a group of athletes, "Let's send 'Stocky' Murphy." Because Murphy was not a champion among them, Finn's comments brought a "round of jeers." But Finn continued, "Never mind that, that fellow has a head on him that will get him more some day than our legs will." A Philadelphia sports writer later noted the "irony of fate" that Murphy had the talent to develop athletic prodigies though "nature did not deign to bless him with even an average physique." That writer described Murphy when the first met in 1895 as "a small, spare, even delicate-looking man, dressed in a plain suit."

Detroit Athletic Club
As Yale gained supremacy in athletics, Murphy's fame spread, and in the fall of 1889, the Detroit Athletic Club hired him as the physical director and athletic coach for its members. Murphy remained in Detroit for three years, and while there, he developed a reputation for having a "sixth sense" in being able to spot athletic talent. His first discovery in Detroit was John Owen who went on to become the fastest sprinter in America. One newspaper account described Murphy's discovery of Owen as follows:John Owen, a member of the club, was playing tennis one afternoon when Murphy, in his methodical way, leaned over to watch the movements of the players. The action of Owen looked promising to Murphy. "Mr. Owen, why don't you be a sprinter?" he asked while the players were wiping off perspiration between acts. "I?" returned Owen. "Why, I couldn't run a lick." But Murphy insisted, and from that seeming guess work selection of a future great was developed John Owen, the first amateur sprinter to cover one hundred yards under ten seconds. Owen's time was 9-4/5 seconds.
After Owen set the world's record of 9-4/5 seconds in the 100-yard dash, Owen focused his efforts on the 220- and 440-yard events. Murphy told the press in 1891 that he was "confident that Owen will be able to create new records for both these distances next summer." While in Detroit, Murphy also discovered Harry M. Jewett, Owen's successor as America's greatest sprinter. He also coached the father of 1912 sprinting gold medalist, Ralph Craig. When Murphy became ill in 1913, the Detroit Athletic Club presented Murphy with a touring car in gratitude for his service.

Father of American track athletics

Fifteen intercollegiate championships with 21 teams
In 1892, Murphy returned to Yale where he served as coach and trainer of the track team and trainer of the football team. Over the next 11 years, Murphy moved back-and-forth between Yale (1892–1896, 1901–1905) and the University of Pennsylvania (1896–1901, 1905–1913). After turning Yale into the dominant power in track and field, Murphy brought immediate success to Penn when he moved there in 1896. In his first season at Penn, the school captured the intercollegiate track championship, scoring 34 points to defeat Yale, and finished with 24.5 points. Of the 21 indoor and outdoor track teams coached by Murphy during this time, 15 of them won the intercollegiate championships—eight at Penn and seven at Yale. And on the six occasions when his teams did not finish first, they finished second on four occasions and third and fourth once each. Wherever Murphy went as a coach he put in place a solid back-up team of assistant coaches and rubbers. Over the years these included George Orton, Mike Dee and Jimmy Curran. Many went on to achieve great success coaching college and high school athletics.

For his contributions during these years, The Washington Post in 1913 called Murphy "the father of American track athletics." He was considered "the greatest coach of track men and trainer of men in other branches of sport that America had ever known."

Champions trained by Murphy
In addition to his success in coaching the Yale and Penn teams to championships, Murphy also developed an unparalleled reputation for finding and training individual champions. Between 1892 and 1900, he reportedly developed nearly every American track champion:America owes to none other than "Mike" Murphy her winning of the supremacy of track athletics from England, who, twenty years ago, was considered unbeatable on the cinder path. In the eight years intervening between 1892 and 1900, the period in which America made her most gigantic strides in track athletics, "Mike" Murphy developed every champion of the spiked shoe in America except Hollister, of Harvard, and it was these champions developed by him that first put America on the map of the athletic world.
As of 1908, athletes coached by Murphy held 8 of the 14 recognized intercollegiate track and field records, and had also held the records in the pole vault and shot put until 1907.

In addition to his discovery of Owen in Detroit, Murphy's discovery of Maxie Long is another oft-cited example of Murphy's ability to recognize and develop raw talent. Long, who became the country's top quarter-miler, was a bicycle rider when Murphy discovered him. Murphy coaxed him into sprinting, and on seeing Long run his first spring, Murphy reportedly declared, "I have discovered a champion."

Alvin Kraenzlein was another talent developed by Murphy. When Kraenzlein began training with Murphy, he was a hurdler, but not a sprinter. Murphy trained Kraenzlein as a sprinter, and he became a champion the 100-yard dash and won an Olympic gold medal in the 60-yard dash.

Olympics
Starting in 1890, Murphy also spent 11 consecutive summers coaching many of the country's top athletes at the New York Athletic Club's summer facilities on Travers Island. having led the American athletes to successes in international competitions during the 1890s, Murphy was selected as the coach and trainer of the American teams at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, and 1912.

1900 games in Paris
At the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, there was no official American team, and several universities sent athletes and coaches to represent the United States. Murphy took 13 Penn athletes and others from the New York Athletic Club to Paris. The U.S. athletes won 16 of the 23 gold medals in track and field, and the Penn Olympians won 11 gold medals, 8 silver and 4 bronze. Murphy's student, Alvin Kraenzlein won four individual gold medals in the 60-meter dash, 110-meter hurdles, 200-meter hurdles, and long jump.

1908 games in London
At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, Murphy was placed in charge of the entire American team, not just his own Penn athletes. On the trip across the Atlantic Ocean, Murphy was always jovial, leading the men in light exercise in which the athletes were "made to feel that it was merely play." Murphy was "the life of the team," keeping the men busy "having fun all the time." On arriving in London, Murphy concluded that "the awful London fog and rain" and the crowd of athletes training at the same hours in the stadium was not ideal. Accordingly, Murphy demanded that the American team be moved to Brighton, England, where there was a "better chance to see the sun." When the team manager demurred about the expense of a move, Murphy insisted that the team would go to Brighton "if I have to pay their way." The American team dominated the track and field competition in London, winning 16 gold medals, with all other countries combined winning the remaining 11 gold medals.

After the American victory in London, newspapers credited Murphy as the man behind the dominance of American track and field athletes. One newspaper account reported:In an effort to find a reason for the great superiority of American athletes, English sportsmen have finally concluded that this superiority is entirely due to the high development to which the Yankees have brought the science of training. This is better than to acknowledge that the manhood of Great Britain has deteriorated. The American athletes explain it by simply saying "Mike Murphy," for Mike is the kingpin of the profession, and every trainer in American follows as closely as he can the methods of the man who has developed more champions than any other man in the world.
When the American team returned from London, President Theodore Roosevelt hosted them at his Sagamore Hill home on Long Island, and singled out Murphy for special recognition. As U.S. Olympic Committee Chairman James Sullivan introduced Murphy to the President, Roosevelt interrupted: "We don't have to be introduced. I am might glad to see you. He is an American institution; and we are all glad to meet Mike." Upon their return, the American team also presented Murphy with a silver loving cup in gratitude for his efforts.

1912 games in Stockholm
By the time of the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Murphy was already ill with tuberculosis, and his illness was reported to have "thrown a scare into those interested in the welfare of the American track and field team." He was nevertheless selected as the coach of the American team and accompanied the team to Stockholm with assistance from Lawson Robertson. It was reported that the long trip had an adverse effect on his health, and he died less than a year later. In Stockholm, the Americans again dominated the track and field competition, winning 16 of 32 possible gold medals, and 42 of 94 total medals.

Murphy received principal credit for the dominance of American athletes between the 1890s and the Stockholm Olympics. The praise for Murphy was so great that a backlash developed among westerners who felt that, though many of the country's greatest athletes were coming out of the Midwest, the Eastern establishment sought to heap all of the credit on Murphy. For example, during the 1912 Olympics, the Minneapolis Journal noted that Murphy was not responsible for developing Midwestern stars Jim Thorpe and Ralph Craig and wrote:They are still at it down East, attempting to grab off the glory for the splendid work of the American athletes in the Olympic games as the personal due of Mike Murphy. ... Mike Murphy is unquestionably a great trainer, but he falls far short of deserving all the credit for the winning of the Olympic games. ... It is an injustice to other less-famed trainers to have their products blandly attributed to Murphy as some of the eastern writers, with their usual provincial complacency, are doing. Murphy is big enough and well enough known by past performances as a trainer to stand upon his own merits without having his misguided friends attempt to seize for him leaves of a bay rightfully belonging to other men.

Innovative techniques
He was considered the premier athletic trainer of his era and was said to have "revolutionized the methods of training athletes and reduced it to a science." He is credited with establishing many innovative techniques for track and field, including the crouching start for sprinters. He is also credited with being the first man to develop the practice of strapping the tendon with adhesive tape or rubber bandages before competition, and with innovating the use of a mixture of liniment or rubbing oil in treating his athletes.

Murphy also preached the need for a pure mind and body and abolished the old attitude that athletes in training for a physical test required ale and certain stimulants "to give them the vim and make them 'go.'" He also became known for his advocacy of not over-working an athlete during training. In 1895, one of his athletes, Sweeney, set a world record in the high jump. Murphy rested Sweeney for three days before the International Games against England, and Sweeney spent most of his time in bed. When Sweeney arrived at the field on the day of the competition, "he was so full of ginger he could hardly stand still" and set a world record. Another writer emphasized Murphy's recognition in his training regimen that an athlete is a human:He is the originator of the now generally accepted belief that an athlete is a human. Under his system the old idea of athletes being steamed and worked like mules was banished. Training with weighted shoes or running uphill in rubber boots were old methods that were put into the discard. Light shoes for racing and heavier ones for workout are enough.

He also authored two books on track coaching and techniques, Training and College Athletics.

Relationship with athletes
Murphy was reportedly beloved by the athletes he trained and instilled tremendous loyalty in them. It was reported during Murphy's lifetime that there was "not a man who ever trained under Mike Murphy who wouldn't go to the end of the world for the veteran trainer if he desired it." He reportedly had "some peculiar means of persuasion and development that makes men win." Murphy's "first object was always to get the confidence of a student, which soon developed into a love for the man and his work." The chair of Penn's physical education department once described Murphy's motivational approach as follows:Mike is a combination of a professor of applied psychology and an evangelist. He possesses the quality peculiar to evangelists of first hypnotizing himself, so great an aid in obtaining control of those to whom he appeals.

Examples of Murphy's close relationships with athletes were many.

In 1905, when Murphy left Yale for the second and final time, some reports indicated it was due to an aristocratic slight to the captain of the football team, Shevlin. Despite a custom at Yale of electing the captain to the elite upper class clubs, Shevlin was not elected because of his lack of social prestige. Murphy was reportedly "disgusted with the growth of aristocratic as opposed to democratic sentiments" at New Haven and did not care to remain there. Others suggested that the real reason for Murphy's move to Penn had more to do with the question of salary, as Penn agreed to pay Murphy a salary of $10,000 per year—more than double the salary then paid to a U.S. Senator.

Another popular Murphy story involved Stephen Chase, a leading sprinter from Dartmouth. Chase was sent to work with Murphy at Travers Island in 1895 in preparation for the International Games with England's best athletes. At the evening meal, Chase was disappointed to discover that pie was not to be served at the camp, packed his bags, and placed them on a bus headed to the train station. Realizing that the consumption of pie was part of the training regimen that led Chase to set a world record, Murphy ran to the kitchen, got a large cut of apple pie, and ran down the roadway with "a piece of pie deftly balanced on a plate, all the time calling, 'Here it is Chase. I got it for you.'" According to the story, Chase came back "and was a world beater, and on pie, too."

Murphy was also called the "probably the most picturesque figure in American athletics" and was said to be a "splendid story teller" who delighted his athletes with stories over an open fire or on the training field, telling of his many adventures, including his travels through Canadian lumber camps searching for the next John L. Sullivan. He was reportedly also a lover of chess and literature, especially the works of Honoré de Balzac.

Deafness
Murphy's accomplishments are all the more remarkable as he was deaf. He was known as "Silent Mike" due to his affliction, and contemporary reports state that, though he was deaf, the affliction was not so severe as to prevent him from hearing all remarks. One report in 1905 noted: "It was characteristic of Murphy to encourage the belief that he was very deaf and thus break down the caution of the lads who prided themselves on their ability to outwit the veteran." In 1908, The Washington Post noted that, though Murphy had been "rather deaf" for several years, his deafness had worsened, such that anyone wanting to speak with him "has to shout at the top of his lungs." Murphy joked at the time, "I'm not much of a one to tell secrets to." When he was in Reno in 1910 for the Jack Johnson–James Jeffries fight, Murphy recalled being approached by a woman who went on at length telling him about her marital problems. After she finished, Murphy told her, "Madame, you have come to the right person. Your secrets are safe. I have not heard a word you said."

Murphy suggested that his deafness made him more sympathetic to others and contributed to his success as a handler of men.

College football
Murphy also served as the trainer for the Yale and Penn football teams from 1892 to 1912, and was an integral part of the football program during an era when Yale and Penn were among the top programs in the country. After Murphy's death, a Philadelphia sports editor wrote about Murphy's ability to inspire a football team to superhuman efforts:He could arouse a team to superhuman efforts as no trainer ever did or perhaps ever will do. He had an oratory peculiarly his own. It was sympathetic, winning, insistent, pleading, the acme of exhortation. The writer once saw him move a red and blue football team to tears between the halves of a great intercollegiate battle when they retired to their dressing room with the score against them and there appeared no reasonable probability of vanquishing their foes. ... The wonderfully magnetic and persuasive powers of the dead trainer were exerted to their utmost ... Murphy's appeal to the Penn players was a masterpiece of its kind. It fired the hearts of that disheartened, discouraged and well-nigh defeated team; it transformed every man into a fighting Titan, a giant who did not know his own strength and ability; it moved every man to tears; it converted an apparent defeat to one of the most glorious triumphs ever witnessed in the records of old Penn's athletic history.

Murphy was football head coach for the University of Michigan in 1891. He later became the first football coach at Villanova University in 1894 where he initiated their program.

Between 1906 and 1908, a movement developed to eliminate football from university sports programs on grounds that it was too brutal and was attracting professionalism to the college campuses. However, Murphy remained a strong supporter of college football. In 1908, he told The Washington Post:Fellows, show me a man that has gone to college for four years and played on either his varsity or scrub football team and I'll show you a man that'll make good on any job he tackles when he gets out into the world.
However, Murphy was an opponent of brutality and insisted on fair play among his football players. In 1907, when he witnessed one of Penn's players "slug a man," an angry Murphy rushed out on the field and made the offending player leave the field, and required him to apologize before he would be allowed to play football again for Penn.

In 1909, Murphy published a column deploring the ongoing agitation against college football. He responded to charges that it was a brutal sport as follows: "I am not disposed to deny that football is a rough game. But when cleanly played as it is in our big colleges, and when properly safeguarded the element of danger is almost entirely eliminated." In response to proposals to replace football in American universities with either soccer or Canadian rugby, Murphy expressed disdain: "Both of these are jokes when compared to the American game. They lack the science of our football and certainly would not prove very interesting to the spectators." Murphy spoke in favor of removing restrictions on the forward pass, which he viewed as a spectacular play and one that weakens the defense. His main suggestions for eliminating injuries were to abolish the diving tackle, develop better padding, and eliminate the kickoff. With respect to the kickoff, Murphy noted: "I have always felt that it was in the crash of the two teams that most accidents occurred."

Head coaching record

Family and death
Murphy and his wife, Nora Long, had three children.  One of their children, George Murphy, became a well-known movie actor in the 1940s and 1950s and then a U.S. senator from California from 1965 to 1971.  Their other son, Charles Thorne Murphy, was a football player at Yale before settling in Detroit.

In June 1913, Murphy died at his home at 4331 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia after a prolonged illness.  He reportedly lapsed into unconsciousness after the 1913 Penn track team gathered at his bedside to tell him they had won the 1913 intercollegiate championship.  According to some reports, Murphy's illness began when Michigan and Penn played a football game in a blizzard at Ann Arbor, Michigan.  From that time on, Murphy was "a sick man, suffering from tuberculosis."  Upon his death, the flags at the University of Pennsylvania were lowered to half mast and The Philadelphia Inquirer proclaimed, "Mike Murphy is dead—Long live 'Mike' Murphy."  The sports editor of the Philadelphia Public Ledger wrote:Michael Charles Murphy will never be forgotten.  Long after the generations who loved him personally ... have passed away, his name will be written indelibly in the most glorious annals of American's track and field history.  His name and fame can never die.  He will ever stand as the track wizard of his age, the hero of coaching achievements of his time.
The funeral was held at St. James Catholic Church at 38th and Chestnut Streets in Philadelphia with many of track's greatest athletes serving as his pallbearers.

In 1941, the University of Pennsylvania dedicated Murphy Field House as a tribute to Murphy; the Murphy Field House was destroyed by fire in 1968.

See also
 List of Michigan Wolverines football trainers

References

External links
 Profile at Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan Athletics History

1860 births
1913 deaths
American track and field coaches
Michigan Wolverines football coaches
Villanova Wildcats football coaches
Yale Bulldogs football coaches
Penn Quakers football coaches
American people of Irish descent
Deaf sportspeople
Olympic_coaches
American deaf people
Deaf writers


Soho Road railway station was a railway station in Handsworth, Birmingham, England, on the London and North Western Railway's rail link between the Chase Line and the West Coast Main Line. The station operated between 1889 and 1941.

The station never attracted many passengers, as it competed with the nearby Great Western Railway station , which was on a more direct route to Birmingham. Like neighbouring station Handsworth Wood, it was closed as an economy measure during the Second World War, and never re-opened. The line however still operates today.

A short distance to the south-east of the station was a short spur, which led to Soho Pool goods station.

References

Disused railway stations in Birmingham, West Midlands
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1889
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1941
Former London and North Western Railway stations


Víctor Manuel Mora García (born November 24, 1944) is a retired long-distance runner from Colombia. He won the gold medal in the men's 5.000 metres event in (14:32) minutes at the 1974 Central American and Caribbean Games, and competed for his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1972 (Munich, West Germany).

He also won the Saint Silvester Road Race in São Paulo in 1972, 1973, 1975 and 1981.

Personal bests
10,000 metres — 27.55.72 (1976)
Marathon — 2:12:55 (1981)

Achievements

References

External links

1944 births
Living people
Colombian male long-distance runners
Colombian male steeplechase runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Colombia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1967 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1971 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Colombia
Sportspeople from Bogotá
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Colombia
Competitors at the 1974 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics
20th-century Colombian people


Saud bin Abdul Muhsin Al Saud () (born 1947) is a Saudi royal, diplomat, and former politician. He served as the governor of Ha'il Province between 1999 and April 2017. In March 2021 he was appointed Saudi ambassador to Portugal.

Early life and education
Saud was born in 1947. He is the eldest son of Abdul Muhsin bin Abdulaziz who was interior minister in King Saud's cabinet in 1961. Prince Abdul Muhsin was part of the Free Princes Movement, led by Prince Talal.

Prince Saud attended the Royal Military Academy in Sandhurst. He also holds a degree in business administration.

Career
Prince Saud held several government positions beginning as the director of health and housing department in the ministry of health from 1970 to 1973. Other positions he held include director general in the ministry of health from 1973 to 1976; deputy governor of Makkah Province from 1976 to 1992 and acting governor of Makkah Province from 1992 to 1999. He was also president of the Supreme Commission for Hail Development and head of the Supreme Commission of the Hail Rally. He is a member of the Allegiance Council.

Prince Saud's term as the governor of Hail Province ended on 23 April 2017 when Abdulaziz bin Saad Al Saud was named as the new governor. In March 2021 King Salman appointed him ambassador to Portugal. He replaced Adel bin Abdulrahman Bakhsh who had been in the post since January 2017.

Personal life
Saud has been married four times. He is married to Hala al Sheikh. His marriage to Lolowah bint Faisal was an attempt to strengthen the bonds between his father Prince Abdul Muhsin and the Al Saud family due to his involvement in Free Princes Movement.

He enjoys traditional Bedouin customs of falconry, as well as western sports including tennis.

Other marriages
 Princess Lolowah bint Faisal Al Saud (Divorced)
 Princess Bonaiah bint Fahd bin Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (daughter of Princess Mishael bint Abdulaziz)
 Princess Hala bint Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman Al Sheikh
 Princess Assia bint Abduljalil bin Mohamed (Moroccan wife)

BBC documentary
In 2008, Saud was the subject of a BBC documentary about modern Saudi Arabia, Inside the Saudi Kingdom, in which a film crew led by Lionel Mill was given unique access to follow the prince for a month in his daily work. He concluded that the Western world needed to learn that "you can only change people as much as they want to be changed and we do not want to be Westernized."

Cyprus visa
Following his removal from the post as the governor of Hail province, Saud applied for golden visa issued by Cyprus in December 2017. In May 2020 his application was approved.

Honour

Foreign honour
 Honorary Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (P.S.M.) (1982)

References

Saud
Saud
Saud
Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Portugal
1947 births
Honorary Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia
Saud
Saud
Living people


The Vermont Reds are a defunct minor league baseball team. They played in the Eastern League at Centennial Field in Burlington, Vermont from 1984 to 1987. They were affiliated with the Cincinnati Reds.

The team won the Eastern League Championship in 1984, 1985 and 1986.

History
Prior to their four-year stint as the Vermont Reds, this franchise was known as the Lynn Sailors from 1980 to 1983 and served as the Double-A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners (1980 to 1982) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1983).

In 1984, owner Mike Agganis moved the Lynn Pirates from Lynn, Massachusetts to Burlington, and Agganis signed a four-year agreement with the Cincinnati Reds. The club was renamed the Vermont Reds.

After the stint as the Vermont Reds, the franchise again served as the Double-A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners in 1988, becoming the Vermont Mariners.  Today, the franchise is the Double-A affiliate of the Cleveland Guardians and is known as the Akron RubberDucks.

Notable players

Jack Armstrong
Keith Brown
Marty Brown
Bob Buchanan
Norm Charlton
Jeff Cox
Kal Daniels
Iván DeJesús
Rob Dibble
Orlando González
Jeff Gray
Lenny Harris
Chris Jones
Tracy Jones
Barry Larkin
Terr Lee
Jack Lind
Terry McGriff
Lloyd McClendon
Gino Minutelli
Jeff Montgomery
Rob Murphy
Joe Oliver
Paul O'Neill
Pat Pacillo
Jeff Richardson
Mike Roesler
Chris Sabo
Mike Smith (born 1961)
Mike Smith (born 1963)
Scott Terry
Jeff Treadway

References

External links
 Team history

Defunct Eastern League (1938–present) teams
Cincinnati Reds minor league affiliates
Sports clubs and teams in Burlington, Vermont
1984 establishments in Vermont
1987 disestablishments in Vermont
Professional baseball teams in Vermont
Defunct baseball teams in Vermont
Baseball teams disestablished in 1987
Baseball teams established in 1984
Sports in Burlington, Vermont