RMS Carinthia was an ocean liner built in 1956 as one of the four Saxonia class ships. She sailed for Cunard Line from her completion until 1968 when she was sold to Sitmar Line, rebuilt into a full-time cruise ship and renamed SS Fairsea. She sailed with Sitmar until 1988, when Sitmar was sold to P&O. She was renamed SS Fair Princess and sailed for Princess Cruises and P&O Cruises until 2000. She was then sold to China Sea Cruises and renamed SS China Sea Discovery. In 2005 or 2006 she was scrapped in Alang, India.

Concept and construction
Near the end of 1951 Cunard Line designed new ships for Canadian service on the Liverpool-Montreal-Halifax route. Cunard originally decided to build just two ships but later on two more were ordered. These ships were the largest ships to be operated to Canada at the time. The ships were built in Clydebank and they were designed for luxury and speed including carrying passengers and cargo up the St Lawrence River in summer and to Pier 21 in Halifax in winter when the St. Lawrence froze.

Service history

Cunard Line
RMS Carinthia started on her maiden voyage to Montreal on 27 June 1956 with 890 passengers and crew on board. After four more voyages, she proved with her running mate  that the new Canadian Cunarders were so successful that other ships operating on the route were all scrapped leaving the four ships on the Montreal route. During 1960, the Carinthia suffered a fire in one of her cabins. In June of that year, some deck hands  set up a skiffle group on a public deck; some passengers complained of the noise and the deck hands were fined a day's pay causing the "skiffle strike". The ship's crew went on strike and others came out in support leaving many liners tied up in the Liverpool docks for several weeks. During 1961 she collided with the . In 1962 her propellers failed during a voyage. During 1964, the crew went on strike again. Carinthia was still operated from Liverpool to Montreal until the end of 1966, and from Southampton to Montreal and New York until after March 1967

Cunard Line decided to start operating the Carinthia as a cruise ship during the winter months. She was used on 10 day cruises from New York City to Bermuda. During 1968, along with RMS Sylvania, she was sold to Sitmar Line, initially renamed Fairland and laid up at Southampton for two years.

Sitmar Cruises
Following year-long major refurbishments of both vessels in Italy, Fairland became Fairsea and in 1972 commenced cruising from the United States West Coast, for the re-styled Sitmar Cruises.
As the "Fairsea" appeared in the U.S. TV series The Partridge Family in the episode "The Last Howard ", season 4, episode 7, airing 11/2/1973. The family was performing while on a cruise. The episode centered on daughter Laurie and a ship board romance.
Following the sale of Sitmar to P&O in 1988, the vessel was transferred to Princess Cruises and used for Pacific Ocean cruises as the Fair Princess.

Princess Cruises and P&O Holidays

In 1995, Fair Princess was transferred to the fleet of P&O Holidays (now P&O Cruises Australia) but was immediately chartered to Regency Cruises where she was to sail as their Regent Isle. Regent Isle was advertised for Regency's 1996 season, but due to their September 1995 bankruptcy, she never made a voyage for them.
In 1997 the ship commenced voyages for P&O Holidays, replacing the recently retired TSS Fairstar. She remained with P&O Australia for the remainder of the decade.

China Sea Cruises

In 2000, the ship was sold to China Sea Cruises and renamed China Sea Discovery. She operated as a casino cruise ship but was unsuccessful. During 2001 she operated in Taiwan. Finally after many unsuccessful voyages she was moved to Alang, India, to be scrapped. While under scrapping, a fire broke out in the engine room, killing five workers, and injuring another fifteen people. In the end, the ship was scrapped in either 2005 or 2006.

References

External links
Ship History
Design and Construction

1955 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
Passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Ships of Princess Cruises
Ships of the Cunard Line


The Football Federation Victoria National Training Centre (FFV NTC) is run by Football Federation Australia and Football Federation Victoria, in Melbourne, for Victorian youth players. Up to 2010 it was run by the Victorian Institute of Sport.

Program
The men's program aims to prepare players for selection in the Australia U17 squad and FFA Centre of Excellence program. Between 20 and 25 scholarships are awarded each year to athletes who are 13–17 years old that show the potential to represent Australia at U-17 level.

The team competes regularly in the National Premier Leagues Victoria Under 18 East division, which acts as preparation for the FFA National Institute Challenge in December of each year.

Recent history
The NTC squad, led by coach Boris Seroshtan won its first National Institute Challenge in December 2013 without losing a single game, finishing six points clear of Football New South Wales NTC.

Several players of that squad have since graduated the program to sign for different clubs including Melbourne Victory and Melbourne City FC. One of the star performers, Jake Brimmer has since gone on to sign for English football giants Liverpool F.C., as well as making nine appearances for the Australian Under-17s squad.

Despite losing the core of its squad for the 2014 edition of the National Institute Challenge, the Victoria NTC defied the odds to win a second consecutive title, losing only once on its way to beating Queensland Academy of Sport by two points.

Current technical staff

Notable former players

References

External links
Official website
U-21 Victorian Premier League 2009 results

Soccer in Victoria (state)


Gulf Stream Council is a council of the Boy Scouts of America in southeast Florida with the headquarters in Palm Beach Gardens. Founded in 1914, the Gulf Stream Council serves Scouts in Palm Beach, Martin, St. Lucie, Indian River, Okeechobee, Glades and Hendry counties. Throughout its area, it serves over 24,000 youth.

Organization

A district is a small area within a council of the Boy Scouts of America. The Gulf Stream Council currently has six Districts. All of the districts in the Gulf Stream Council have an associated Order of the Arrow chapter as part of Aal-pa-tah Lodge.

Big Lake District
Big Lake District, formerly known as Okeechobee District, serves Scouts in Glades, Hendry, and Okeechobee, as well as western Palm Beach County. The Order of the Arrow chapter associated with Big Lake District is known as Panasofee.

Everglades District
Everglades District serves Scouts from southern Palm Beach County from Southern Blvd south to the Broward County Line. The Order of the Arrow chapter associated with Everglades District is Abaniki.

Indian River District
Indian River District serves Scouts throughout Indian River County. The Order of the Arrow chapter of Indian River District is called
Lowaneumawat.

Lighthouse District
Lighthouse District is a district that serves Scouts in north Palm Beach County from Southern Blvd to the Martin County border. The Order of the Arrow chapter associated with Lighthouse District is Wyhome-Pa-Tah.

Sailfish District
Sailfish District serves Scouts throughout Martin County. The Order of the Arrow chapter associated with Sailfish District is Nekiwa.

Sailfish District maintains a website (located at sailfishdistrict.org) where local Scout units and Scouters can be found, as well as information regarding district events.

Treasure Coast District
Treasure Coast District serves Scouts throughout St. Lucie County. The Order of the Arrow chapter associated with Treasure Coast District is Oiyatah.

Inactive districts
 Seminole District
 Manatee District was a district that served Scouts in Lake Worth and Boynton Beach in Palm Beach County. However, Manatee District merged with Osceola and Trade Winds District in May 2009. Manatee District also had an Order of the Arrow chapter which was called Coowachobee.
 Tradewinds District served Scouts from forest hill blvd to 45th street split in August 2013. Its southern half merged with Osceola and formed Everglades District and its Northern half joined Lighthouse District. It also had an Order of the Arrow Chapter call Chee-Pa-Tah.
 Osceola District merged with the southern half of Tradewinds District in August 2013 to form Everglades District

Camps
The Gulf Stream Council has three camps, ranging in size from  to just a few acres. There is also Scout Hill, which is a small area in Palm Beach County, however, it is not completely owned by the Gulf Stream Council.

Tanah Keeta Scout Reservation

Tanah Keeta Scout Reservation or usually Tanah Keeta, is the main and largest campground of the Gulf Stream Council. Tanah Keeta is a word in Hitchiti, which translates in English to, "the gathering place". Along with the adjacent Jonathan Dickinson State Park, it was originally a part of Camp Murphy, a World War II Army Camp. It is about  in size. In addition, Tanah Keeta is adjacent a Girl Scout camp, called Camp Welaka. Tanah Keeta Scout Reservation is divided roughly in half into two camps, Camp Loxahatchee and Camp Clear Lake. A summer camp program has been held at Tanah Keeta in June and July since the summer of 1957. The property was deeded to the Gulf Stream Council in 1953.

Tanah Keeta Grace
May this food nourish our bodies,  May life give us a smile,  May the adventure always be with us,  and may Tanah Keeta remain in our hearts all the while. Amen

Camp Loxahatchee
Camp Loxahatchee is on the western half of Tanah Keeta. It is more utilized than Camp Clear Lake, as it includes the Dining Hall, the Pool, COPE, the Climbing Tower, the Trading Post, and more campsites than Camp Clear Lake. The name is derived from the Loxahatchee River, which is adjacent to the camp.

Camp Clear Lake
Clear Lake covers the eastern half of Tanah Keeta Scout Reservation. Camp Clear Lake is a mostly primitive type campground, as opposed to Camp Loxahatchee. The title of Camp "Clear Lake" is derived from a small lake in the southeastern corner of Tanah Keeta, which has the name "Clear Lake". In 1957 the first summer camp at Tanah Keeta was held in Camp Clear Lake.

The Mike Machek Trail

The Mike Machek Trail is a 5.2 mile self-guided trail in the heart of Tanah Keeta. Within the one mile area of camp can be found almost every kind of topographical feature indictive to South Florida. This trail travels through them all. Originally developed by its founder Clayton Jones in 1984, he spent 3 and a half years planning the trail. The trail opened for use in the Fall of 1988. Currently the trail is maintained by various units and most construction projects are conducted by the Order of the Arrow Trail Care Crew.

Oklawaha Scout Reservation

Oklawaha Scout Reservation is also known as Oklawaha, but sometimes referred to as OK, is a  site in Sebastian, Indian River County, on the banks of the Oklawaha River. Donated by Anna Vern Smith in memory of her husband Claude in 1953, Oklawaha is a scrub oak flatland which includes a swimming area, canoe launch into the river, amphitheater, large meeting/dining hall pavilion, archery/BB range and chapel.

Camp Dark Hammock

Camp Dark Hammock is leased by the Gulf Stream Council to provide a Florida wilderness camping for Troops, Crews, or Explorer Posts only. It is located northeast of Okeechobee in Okeechobee County.

Scout Hill
Scout Hill is a small area of the John Prince Memorial Park Campground in Lake Worth, Florida. It was known as Camp Osborne until about 1952. In 1952 most of Camp Osborne was sold to Palm Beach County to create the campground of John Prince Memorial Park. The small area that remained was renamed "Scout Hill".

Aal-pa-tah Lodge

Aal-Pa-Tah Lodge #237 is the Order of the Arrow lodge associated with the Gulf Stream Council. The lodge building is located in Tanah Keeta Scout Reservation in Tequesta, Florida. Aal-pa-tah is one of seven OA lodges in Section S-4, which covers a majority of Florida and southern Georgia. The word "Aal-Pa-Tah" is word from the Leni Lenape language that translates to Alligator in English.

History
The lodge was founded 1942 during World War II; then from 1945 to 1947, on the list of lodge chiefs says "WWII". There were only two or three chapters when Aal-pa-tah was founded in 1942. Aal-pa-tah Lodge held the title as the best all around lodge in 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2016.

Section S-4 Events
Aal-pa-tah has hosted a number of Section S-4 events. Aal-pa-tah Lodge has hosted section conference for Section S-4 in 1953, 1962, 1972, 1981, 1988, 1997, 2004, 2011, and will host in 2019. The lodge also hosted section seminars in 2000 and 2008 and is scheduled to host a revamped seminars entitled Section Leadership Summit or (SLS) in 2014.

Chapters
As mentioned above each district has an OA Chapter. Lodges usually divide into chapters which will usually corresponding to districts within the council. The chapter is led by the elected youth chapter chief, a volunteer adult is appointed as the adviser and the district executive is the professional (staff) adviser. The following names are the names of Aal-pa-tah's Chapters:
 Wyhome-pa-tah is the chapter of Lighthouse District.
 Panasofee is the chapter of Okeechobee District.[3]
 Abaniki is the chapter of Everglades District.[15]
 Nekiwa is the chapter of Sailfish District.[16]
 Oiyatah is the chapter of Treasure Coast District
 Lowaneu Mawat is the chapter of Indian River District

Defunct Chapters
Coo-wa-chobee was the OA Chapter of Manatee District until 2009. In 2009 it merged with Abaniki and Cheepatah Chapters, because the Manatee District split and merged with the Osceola and Trade Winds Districts. Coowachobee was awarded the best chapter all around award for 2008. Chee-pa-tah was the chapter of Tradewinds District until 2013 when the District split and merged with Osceola and Lighthouse.

See also
 Scouting in Florida

References

External links
 Trade Winds District website
 Lowaneumawat Chapter website
 Abaniki Chapter website
 Nekiwa Chapter website
 Cheepatah Chapter website
 Oiyatah Chapter website
 Aal-pa-tah Website
 Gulf Stream Council website

Local councils of the Boy Scouts of America
Southern Region (Boy Scouts of America)
Youth organizations based in Florida
1914 establishments in Florida


The Egyptian Department of Public Works was established in the early 19th century, and concentrates mainly on public works relating to irrigation and hydraulic engineering. These irrigation projects have constituted the bulk of work performed by this entity in Egypt. During its almost 200-year history, the Egyptian Department of Public Works employed many notable engineers and constructed massive public works projects throughout the country. It became the most respected engineering entity and was regarded as the 'best school' for civil engineers in modern Egypt. Its history can be broken into three periods:

 The Classic Period (1818–1882).
 The Occupation Period (1882–1952).
 The Modern Period (1952 to present).

The Classic Period (1818–1882)

This period was characterized by the strong influence of French engineers and/or French educated Egyptian engineers. Numerous public works projects were constructed in both Upper and Lower Egypt during this period, but the most notable of these were the construction of the three major irrigation canals (Mahmoudiyah, Ismailia, and Ibrahimiya) and the Delta Barrages.

Early Beginnings under Muhammad Ali

After his rise to power in 1805, Muhammad Ali Pasha embarked on consolidating his power and building an empire. His way of achieving that was to modernize Egypt and to build a European style strong army and a modern system of government. His desire for modernization fueled many new establishments such as the first modern military school, educational institutions, hospitals, roads and canals, factories to turn out uniforms and munitions, and a shipbuilding foundry at Alexandria. He established the school of Engineering (Mohandes Khana) in 1820 to provide the engineers and scientists he would need to carry out all the great projects he had planned. Impressed by the scientific and cultural aspects of the French Expedition (1798–1801), Muhammad Ali relied on French scientists and craftsmen to help him modernize Egypt. French engineer Pascal Coste was the first engineer hired by Muhammad Ali in 1817 to help him construct his ambitious projects. Coste worked on some small projects first, then came his biggest when he was appointed by Muhammad Ali as the Chief Engineer for Lower Egypt. This was the highest engineering post in Egypt at the time since most of Muhammad Ali's work to improve irrigation was concentrated in this region of the Nile Delta. Under his new position, Coste started working on constructing the Mahmoudiyah canal, the first of a long list of great irrigation projects that were to be constructed in that era.

The Mahmoudiyah Canal

Around 1818, Muhammad Ali conceived the idea of digging a canal that would allow the barges bringing cargoes from Upper, Middle and Lower Egypt to reach Alexandria without passing Rosetta and the mouth of the river, a point where many ships sank due to the turbulence of the waters. He chose a Turkish engineer, Shakir Effendi, to be in charge of the design and execution of the work. The canal would begin in the village of Atfa, below Fuwwa; would be a little over  long. Shakir Effendi seems to have bungled his assignment, and was replaced by the French engineer Pascal Coste (1787–1879) who completed the canal in a record time of few months in 1820. This canal, which linked the Nile with the city's western harbor, gave Alexandria access to the Egyptian heartland and put Egypt face to face with the sea. It also provided Alexandria with Nile's fresh water for the first time in history.

It should be mentioned here however that the entire canal was constructed using the hated corvée system, which Muhammad Ali and his successors used extensively and which was finally abolished under Khedive Ismail during the digging of the Suez Canal. Corvée of more than 300,000 men were drafted from every part of Egypt to dig the Mahmoudiya canal, which was of very little importance to cultivation, and which was especially designed for the benefit of the city of Alexandria.

The Delta Barrages
With the great expansion of commercial cotton and sugarcane cultivation, river banks were initially raised and strengthened to protect summer crops from flood water. In the Nile Delta old canals were deepened and small weirs built across them to raise the water level. But this was an enormous undertaking, and since the canals were badly laid out and graded they became full of mud during flood season and required to be continually re-excavated. Muhammad Ali Pasha was then advised to raise the water surface by erecting a dam (or, as the French called it, a barrage) across the apex of the Nile Delta,  north of Cairo.

In 1843 the foundations were laid for the two great barrages across the Rosetta and Damietta branches of the Nile at the point where they divide north of Cairo. The project engineer was the French engineer Mougel Bey, whose objective was to regulate the entire hydraulic system of the Nile Delta. While initially unsuccessful, the two barrages would ultimately permit conversion of over  of the Nile Delta from seasonal basin irrigation to perennial irrigation; the increased availability of water lengthened the dry summer growing season, and dramatically increased agricultural output. But this massive work proved to be very costly and impinged upon engineering's state of the art. Construction took nearly 20 years and consumed untold wealth. The Rosetta section was 465 meters in length with 61 arches containing sluices, each of five meters in width. The Damietta section was 535 meters long with 71 arches containing similarly sized sluices. Navigation locks were provided on both branches, and the two barrages were joined by an elevated roadway 8.6 meters wide, with drawbridges over the locks. Elaborate fortifications with towers and turrets completed the imposing structure.

By the time the barrages were finally completed in 1862, during the early reign of Viceroy Ismail Pasha (not yet khedive of Egypt), 3 million Egyptian pounds had been spent already. When it was time to operate the dam, the foundations had been so poorly laid that the whole purpose for which it had been built in the first place was abandoned. Poorly constructed, the barrages would have to be rebuilt during the British occupation. A more technical and specific description, some years later says: "When the work was subjected to a small head in 1863 and 1867, unmistakable signs of failure appeared in the form of cracks and displacements, and the barrage was forthwith put upon the sick list. The failure was due to "piping." Runs below the floor were developed under the influence of the head of water, and the sand of the foundation bed was carried away by the flowing water till the floor lost its support and settled down. The defects arose, not so much from faulty design, as from careless construction of the foundations. Worried by the impatience and impetuosity of the Viceroy, Mougel Bey's workmen laid the foundation concrete in running water, which carried away the mortar and left loose stone, without any binding material, through which the springs of the river bed had free passage. The design, if faithfully executed, was not much at fault. The floor was amply strong to resist the upward pressure due to the head, but its breadth was perhaps deficient; and the protection given both on the upper and lower sides of the flooring was inadequate. From 1867 to 1883 the barrage attracted attention by reason only of its imposing superstructure, but it failed to produce any impression by its performances, for it was weakest where strength was most needed."

Following the British occupation, engineers decided if any good could be done, they must either repair the old barrage, or build a new one; it was absolutely necessary to get control of the Nile water and thus improve irrigation and exports. They resolved to see what the cracked dam was worth, quite literally. In 1884, with initial safety testing, immediate repairs, and controlled filling, the existing structure held a pool about seven feet above the natural level. The cost to this work, totaled £26,000; the increased water provided to canals produced 30,000 tons more cotton than the previous year, which was worth over £1 million. This was so encouraging that, the following year, Lord Cromer, despite the state of finances, provided £1 million to improve Egypt's irrigation works. Between 1885 and 1890, Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff successfully completed repairs of the barrages at a cost of $2.5 million; it provided a maintainable and desired depth of eight feet of water on downstream parts of the Nile. Maintenance and continuing repair of the Delta Barrages for irrigation purposes would continue into the mid-1930s.

Establishment of the Department

Up until construction of the Nile Barrages, no formal single entity was responsible for the execution of all public works that were being constructed in many parts of the Nile valley and the Nile Delta.  Muhammad Ali had invented a new position in 1818: Chief Engineer for Lower Egypt (Pascal Coste was the first ever to be chosen for this position). A similar title for Upper Egypt was created in 1831 after Muhammad Ali started to consider building irrigation improvements in Upper Egypt. Linant de Bellefonds (another French engineer) was appointed the first chief engineer for Upper Egypt. Pascal Coste quit his position and returned to France in 1829 and was replaced by his fellow countryman Mougel Bey. As the volume of public works increased, Muhammad Ali Pasha decided to establish one entity to handle all the projects. In 1836 the Department of Public Works was established and was presided over by Linant de Bellefonds (later known as Linant Pasha). His position would associate him in a long and fruitful career with most of the great works of modernizing Egypt's irrigation system. But this also meant trouble for Mougel Bey as he and Linant had always been opposed to each other. Each had his own design for the Nile Barrages, and Mougel's had been preferred. Linant left sufficiently on record his jealousy of his rival, and seems to have come easily to the conclusion that his rival's Barrage was a costly failure, of no more use than those useless old Pyramids a few miles off.

Under Abbas Hilmi I

Muhammad Ali Pasha died in 1848 without seeing the Delta dams completed. He was succeeded by his grandson Abbas Hilmi I, (1848–1854) whose known contempt towards his grandfather caused him to halt or entirely abandon most of Muhammad Ali Pasha's massive projects, including the Delta Barrages. Abbas Pasha had no faith in the project and wished to abandon the construction of the dams. He dismissed Mougel Bey in April, 1853, and placed Mazhar Bey in charge of the work. Sensing his master's lack of enthusiasm for the project, Mazhar Bey, a Turkish engineer, did not do much to finish the work which would only be completed later during the time of Egypt's next Wali from Muhammad Ali Dynasty, Sa'id Pasha.

Under Sa'id Pasha

Under Sa'id Pasha's rule (1854–1863) there were several reforms as he tried to portray himself as the new great reformer. Some modernization of Egyptian and Sudanese infrastructure occurred using western loans. During this period, the Nizarah (or Ministry) of Public Works was established in 1857. It actually comprised many departments like the departments of Railroads, Telegraphs, Surveying, Building Construction, Agriculture, Alexandria Harbor, Antiquity, the Opera House, the Zoological Garden, the Aquarium Garden, Sewage, and Irrigation. Linant continued in charge of public works, as director general beginning with 1862, and as Minister of Public Works in 1869. He retired from this post in the same year (1869) and in 1873 was given the title Pasha by Khedieve Ismail Pasha.

The Suez Canal

In 1854 the first act of concession of land for the Suez Canal was granted to a French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps. Actual construction of the maritime canal lasted for 11 years (1858–1869). From its early start, design and construction work of this international waterway were kept out of the Department of Public Works and was totally handled by the Suez Canal Company, which would become a state within the state and would later have its strong impact on the Anglo-Egyptian relations.

The Ismailia Canal

The first major project the department under Linant (now under his new title as director general) constructed was the Ismailia canal. It was constructed between 1861 and 1863, in virtue of agreements between the Egyptian Government and the Suez Canal Company, for the purpose of creating a navigable waterway between the Nile and the planned Suez maritime canal; to furnish water for irrigating some lands conceded to the company, and finally to provide for the needs of the maritime canal and the towns and stations established along its course a daily supply of 70,000 cubic meters of fresh water. It was designed by Linant who also managed its construction.

The Ismailia canal has its inlet at Cairo upstream of the Delta Barrages. It actually used to have two inlets, one called the Kasr-el-Nil, in the heart of Cairo. This was the oldest, but it was abandoned later after the area got very urbanized. The other inlet, called Shobra, is situated 7 kilometers below in the now bustling Shobra district in northern Cairo. After leaving its inlet, the canal follows the edge of the desert until it reaches the little Wadi Tumilat, which it crosses and follows the north side, trending direct to the east as far as the town of Ismailia, where it discharges into Lake Timsah. A branch, which begins a little before Ismailia, stretches toward the south across the desert, following a line parallel to the maritime Suez canal and empties into the channel of the port of Suez.

The line of the Ismailia canal conforms at many points to the direction followed by the ancient canal, which, according to historians, put the Nile in communication with Lake Timsah, or with the Red Sea itself, and of which traces have been found on the surface. The length of the canal between the Nile and Lake Timseh is 136 kilometers, and the length of the Suez branch is 89 kilometers.

Under Ismail Pasha

During the reign of Ismail Pasha (1863–1879), many great public works projects were constructed. Over  of new canals (the longest of which was the Ibrahimiya Canal) were dug; the cultivated area increased from 3,050,000 feddans in 1813 to 4,743,000 in 1877. Ismail's khedivate is also closely connected to the construction of the Suez Canal. He agreed to, and oversaw, the Egyptian portion of its construction. Although Ismail was the greatest modernizer of Egypt since Muhammad Ali Pasha, his wars of expansion into Africa and the many infrastructure projects he carried, including the costly Suez Canal, put the country heavily in debt. In 1879 he was forced out of power by Great Britain and France who replaced him with his much less capable son Tawfiq.

The Ibrahimiya Canal

The Ibrahimiya Canal was the most important public work executed under the newly established Ministry of Public Works. It was built during the reign of Ismail Pasha when he was Khedive of Egypt. It was built in 1873 by Bahgat Pasha, minister of public works, who designed it primarily to provide perennial irrigation to the Khedivial sugar estates in Middle Egypt. It supplied perennial irrigation to  and flood irrigation to another . The discharge of the canal varied between 30 and 80 cubic meters per second in summer and between 500 and 900 cubic metres per second in flood. Having its head on the left bank of the Nile, opposite Assiut, it runs northwards for 60 kilometers and then divides in Dirout into two main branches; one branch is the Bahr Yousef Canal, while the other is the Ibrahimiya Canal proper.

Troubled years

Between 1849 and 1879, was the time of the great expansion and development of a centralized Egyptian bureaucracy, and important structural changes occurred in the Egyptian system of government. A trend of discontinuity of entities within the Egyptian government became apparent during these years. Departments of the government (Public Works included) were continuously being combined and recombined, abolished and reformed, or otherwise modified. From 1864 to 1866 that time, the Department of Public Works assumed jurisdiction over railways and was also given supervision of the Delta Barrages. In 1866, railways administration was separated from the Department of Public works which was reduced into an office (qalam) within the Department of Interior. Public Works was subsequently reconstituted as a department and with combined with Education into a single administration under Ali Mubarak, yet by 1869 it seems to have resumed an independent existence under its own director Linant Bey. After his resignation in 1870, public works was joined to Education and Charitable Endowments and was headed by Ali Mubarak for a second time. In November 1871 it was converted into an office of engineering and was placed under Interior again. By 1872, it had been reestablished as a department one more time, but in August of the same year it was joined again to Education and Charitable Endowments. Twelve months later, owing to the transfer of its director to Interior, it was returned to Interior. Two months later, it was joined to the War Department. In 1875, Public Works was reattached to Interior.

Following the Egyptian military's seizure of power in 1882, General Mahmoud Fehmy was appointed Minister of Public Works, a role he combined with his military duties.

The British Occupation Period (1882–1922)

After the British occupation of Egypt in 1882, British engineers took control of the department. They concentrated on building coffer dams, and facilitating the growing barrage trade. The impact of hydraulic developments was a dramatic increase in the output of Egyptian agriculture.
Some of the greatest civil engineers of the 19th century worked in the department in this era, including Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff, Sir Hanbury Brown, Sir Benjamin Baker and Sir William Willcocks, most of whom had been trained or experienced in British India. All the major dams controlling the Nile (the Old Aswan Dam and Esna, Nag Hammadi, Assiut, Edfeina and Zifta barrages) were constructed during this period. The venerable Delta Barrage, was finally replaced in 1939 by the newly constructed Mohammed Ali Barrage several hundred meters downstream from the original barrage location, and would again be relegated to the status of a romantic river crossing. Harold Edwin Hurst's work in Egypt started in 1906 and lasted 62 years doing his best work after he reached 65. He championed the prelude to the new Aswan High Dam project which was built using his calculations of the required long-term storage capacity.

The Modern Period (1922 to present)

Egyptian engineers operated the Department after Egypt was liberated from the British rule. The biggest and most complicated of all public works in Egyptian history (Aswan High Dam) was constructed during this period. This period experienced influence of Soviet engineers in the 1950s and the 1960s. This was replaced by some influence of American engineers in the 1980s and the 1990s.

Currently, all the public works in Egypt are controlled by the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. The goal of the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation is to implement feasible projects that will increase agricultural productivity. The lrrigation Improvement
Project was designed to do that through improving the conveyance efficiency on both the main system, the mesqa system and on-farm level.

References

Further reading
 Mansfield, Peter. "The Water Engineers in Egypt." History Today 21.5 (1971): 359–366, online.

External links
 Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt

Nile basin
Irrigation in Egypt
Hydraulic engineering
Hydrology organizations
Government ministries of Egypt
Science and technology in Egypt


The second Wahpeton (YTM-757) was a yard tug placed in commission in the United States Navy in 1968 and sold in 1974.

The U.S. Navy acquired the tug LT-2084 from the United States Army in April 1968. Placed in service as medium harbor tug Wahpeton and designated YTM-757, she soon thereafter was assigned to the 14th Naval District and served the United States Pacific Fleet.

During her time in U.S. Navy service, she was one of two U.S Navy tugs named Wahpeton, the other being .

Taken out of service in the early 1970s, Wahpeton was struck from the Navy List and sold in September 1974. She became the commercial tug Lynne.

In popular culture

Wahpeton (YTM-757) appeared in Season 4, Episode 23, of Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series), titled, "Follow the White Brick Road."

References

External links
NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive US Army Large Tug LT-2084 Wahpeton (YTM-757)

Tugs of the United States Navy
1954 ships


The Quintin Blair House in Cody, Wyoming, United States, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built 1952–1953. The house is an example of Wright's "natural house" theme, emphasizing close integration of house and landscape. It is the only Wright building in Wyoming.

Ruth Taggart Blair was a student at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts during the 1930s.  Her professor, Bruce Goff, took the class to visit Taliesin at Spring Green, Wisconsin, where they met Wright. In 1951 Ruth and Quintin Blair were visiting Arizona, when Ruth suggested that they visit Taliesin West in Arizona, Wright's winter home. They were met by Wright in the driveway, introduced themselves, and were invited to stay for lunch.  At the luncheon, Wright expressed a desire to design a house for them, as he had no buildings in Wyoming. At Wright's suggestion, the Blairs bought some land away from town, as Wright did not want to design for a city lot. The house was completed in 1953.

The house is laid out on a  by  grid.  The house is dominated by a low, nearly flat roof that flares dramatically over the living room, where three sides of the room are floor-to-ceiling glass. The windows have mitered corners, eliminating a support and giving the impression that the glass itself incorporates a right-angle bend. A small triangular bay projects from the glass wall as a piano niche, a common Wright element. Exterior wall materials are primarily locally quarried ashlar sandstone.

The site is a  parcel near a small creek about  below the house.  Springs near the house have been dammed by a wall aligned with the piano bay's angled wall, forming a small pond. The house has been modified and somewhat enlarged, with consultation from Taliesin.

The Blair House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References

 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.351)

External links
 at the National Park Service's NRHP database
Quintin Blair House at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Cody, Wyoming
Houses completed in 1953
Houses in Park County, Wyoming
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
National Register of Historic Places in Park County, Wyoming


Plasmonic nanolithography (also known as plasmonic lithography or plasmonic photolithography) is a nanolithographic process that utilizes surface plasmon excitations such as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to fabricate nanoscale structures. SPPs, which are surface waves that propagate in between planar dielectric-metal layers in the optical regime, can bypass the diffraction limit on the optical resolution that acts as a bottleneck for conventional photolithography.

Theory

Surface plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves that propagate in between two surfaces with sign-changing permittivities. They originate from coupling of photons to plasma oscillations, quantized as plasmons. SPPs result in evanescent fields that decay perpendicularly to the interface where the propagation occurs. The dispersion relation for SPPs permits the excitation of wavelengths shorter than the free-space wavelength of the inbound light, additionally ensuring subwavelength field confinement. Nevertheless, the excitation of SPPs necessitate momentum mismatch; prism and grating coupling methods are common. For plasmonic nanolithography processes, this is achieved through surface roughness and perforations.

Methods

Plasmonic contact lithography, a modification on the evanescent near-field lithography, uses a metal photomask, on which the SPPs are excited. Similar to common photolithographic processes, photoresist is exposed to SPPs that propagate from the mask. Photomasks with holes enable grating coupling of SPPs; the fields only propagate for nanometers. Srituravanich et al. has demonstrated the lithographic process experimentally with a 2D silver hole array  mask; 90 nm hole arrays were produced at 365 nm wavelength, which is beyond diffraction limit. Zayats and Smolyaninov utilized a multi-layered metal film mask to enhance the subwavelength aperture; such structures can be realized by thin film deposition methods. Bowtie apertures and nanogaps were also suggested as alternative apertures. A version of the method, named as surface plasmon interference nanolithography by Liu et al., uses SPP interference patterns. Despite offering high resolution and throughput, plasmonic contact lithography is regarded as an expensive and complex method; contamination due to contact is also a limiting factor.

Planar lens imaging nanolithography uses plasmonic lenses or negative-index superlenses, which were first proposed by John Pendry. Many superlens designs, such as Pendry's thin silver film or Fang et al.'s superlens, benefit from plasmonic excitations to focus Fourier components of incoming light beyond the diffraction limit. Chaturvedi et al. has demonstrated the imaging of a 30 nm chromium grating through silver superlens photolithography at 380 nm, while Shi et al. simulated a 20 nm lithography resolution at 193 nm wavelength with an aluminum superlens. Srituravanich et al. has developed a mechanically adjustable, hovering plasmonic lens for maskless near-field nanolithography, whereas another maskless approach by Pan et al. uses a "multi-stage plasmonic lens" for progressive coupling.

Plasmonic direct writing is a maskless form of photolithography that is based on scanning probe lithography; the method uses localized surface plasmon (LSP) enhancements from embedded plasmonic scanning probes to expose the photoresist. Wang et al. experimentally demonstrated 100 nm field confinement with this method. Kim et al. has developed a ~50 nm resolution scanning probe with a patterning speed of ~10 mm/s. Gold nanoparticles and other plasmonic nanostructures such as nanogaps have been used as masks for lithography; etching in this case can be achieved through either through photomasking principles or enhanced local heating in the vicinity of the nanostructure due to the LSP resonances. Lin et al. also used localized thermal excitations in gold nanoparticles to fabricate two-dimensional structures such as patterned graphene and molybdenum disulfide monolayers in a process termed as "optothermoplasmonic nanolithography." Photochemical effects of LSP resonances were also used as a catalyst in lithographic processes: Saito et al. demonstrated selective etching of silver nanocubes on titanium dioxide substrates by the means of plasmon-induced charge separation.

See also
 Electron-beam lithography
 Nanoimprint lithography
 Nanosphere lithography
 Plasmonic metamaterial

References

Lithography (microfabrication)
Plasmonics


The University of Kentucky Solar Car Team is an independent, student-led project that operates as part of the University of Kentucky College of Engineering. The team's primary goal is to compete in the American Solar Challenge (held every two years) and the Formula Sun Grand Prix (held every year) over the summer, but they also perform outreach events in which they display and discuss their car with nonmembers.

Mission
The team's mission is to design, build, and race solar-powered cars while developing team members through practical experience with much-needed hands-on experience outside their demanding course load, all while contributing to STEM outreach in the Bluegrass region.
Over the past 20 years, there have been 6 solar cars built, each following naming convention of Gato del Sol followed by a Roman Numeral. Gato del Sol VI is the current solar car in use, first formed in 2017.

Membership
Membership is open to all University of Kentucky students (Undergraduate and Graduate), professors, and members of the community.

Vision
The Solar Car Team strives to:
 Continuously improve the safety, reliability, efficiency, and practicality of its vehicle.
 Develop the skills of teamwork, innovation, resourcefulness, communication, and leadership in its team members.
 Spread alternative energy awareness throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

Accomplishments
In 2008, the Solar Car Team completed its first North American Solar Challenge, finishing 11th of 15 teams in the 2400 mile race from Plano, TX, USA to Calgary, AB, Canada. In 2009, the team placed 2nd (out of 11 teams) in the Formula Sun Grand Prix at the Texas Motorsport Ranch in Cresson, TX. In 2010, the team placed 9th in the American Solar Challenge, from Broken Arrow, OK to Naperville, IL. The team celebrated their 20th anniversary in 2019 and secured the track record lap time at Circuit of the Americas for solar cars at 3:48.975. In 2021, the team scored its best results to date: first place in FSGP 2021 and second place and most improved in ASC 2021.

History
The team began in 1999 when University of Kentucky sophomore, Bianca McCartt, approached then Assistant Professor Lyndon Scott Stephens to serve as founding advisor.  Together, McCartt and Stephens envisioned a student led organization that focused on solar-based renewable energy.  The first UK solar car was originally named Firefly and was a heavy, lead acid battery leviathan that competed as a demonstration vehicle in the organizations first event.  Shortly thereafter, then student, and now Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Christine Trinkle proposed the perennial name for the car, Gato Del Sol ("Cat of the Sun"), and the solar car team had a name befitting the University of Kentucky mascot "the Wildcats".  With generous support from benefactors including UK Alums Ralph G. Anderson and Billy Harper, and many businesses including Hyro Aluminum, Inc., Toyota, Sunpower, and Stone Farm (owner of 1982 Kentucky Derby Winner Gato Del Sol), 6 generations of solar cars (Gato I-VI) have resulted with success along the way.  The team was the winner of the Sportsmanship Award in the 2003 North American Solar Challenge, finished 2nd at the 2009 Formula Sun Grand Prix and finished 3rd at the 2019 Formula Sun Grand Prix.  It has participated in more than 10 race events and hundreds of special events including the annual Kentucky State Fair and regional parades.  As of 2020, it is estimated that more than 1500 students from majors across the university have participated in the Solar Car team since its founding 21 years ago.  More importantly, through its outreach and education efforts the team has exposed renewable solar energy technology to countless thousands.

Cars
FSGP lap times are recorded in the format mm:ss.s, while ASC stage times are recorded as hh:mm:ss.

Press
 KETV Omaha
 USA Today, Sunny days ahead for solar car race, July 16, 2008
 Kentucky Living Magazine, Racing with the Sun, December 2008
 The Morehead News, Guardian hosts UK Solar Team, November 11, 2008
 Lexington Herald-Leader, UK Solar Car Builders Celebrate, July 28, 2008
 KMTV Omaha, Drivers Race Cross Country Without Gas, July 16, 2008
 University of Kentucky News, Solar Car Crosses Calgary Finish Line, July 23, 2008

References

External links
 Main Site, UK Solar Car Team
 Blog, UK Solar Car Team
 UK Solar Car Team Videos
 UK Solar Car Team Pictures
 North American Solar Challenge
UK Solar Car Instagram
UK Solar Car Twitter
UK Solar Car Facebook

Solar car racing
University of Kentucky


The World Foundation for Medical Research and Prevention is a 501(c)(3) Houston-based grantmaking public charity established to provide leadership in developing resources to sponsor and fund the projects of Professor Luc Montagnier as well as other research aimed  at the design of new types of AIDS vaccines, prolonging the active life of aging people and the diagnosis and treatment of microbial and viral factors associated with cancers, neurodegenerative, auto-immune and other multi-factorial disease processes such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The World Foundation for Medical Research and Prevention supports its work through proceeds from special events, cause-related marketing projects, and voluntary contributions from individuals, corporations, and foundations.

References

External links
  Friends Fight AIDS Official website of the World Foundation for Medical Research and Prevention

Medical and health organizations based in Texas
HIV/AIDS research organisations
Health charities in the United States
HIV/AIDS organizations in the United States


The Brooklyn Lodge or Brooklyn Lake Lodge was built in 1922–23 for former rodeo performer Harry "Hoot" Jones. The log lodge, located near Centennial, Wyoming in the Snowy Range of Medicine Bow National Forest, was operated by the Jones family until the late 1930s.

References

External links
Brooklyn Lake Lodge at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Houses completed in 1923
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Houses in Albany County, Wyoming
Dude ranches in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, Wyoming


John Sumner (died May 1649) was an English theatre actor during the Caroline era (1625–1642).

Career
He was a long-time member of the Queen Henrietta's Men, one of the prime playing companies or acting troupes of the time and named for Henrietta Maria of France, the queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I.

The existing evidence suggests that Sumner played with the company throughout its existence, from 1625 to 1642. Sumner was cast in all five of the company's productions for which casting information exists. He played these roles:

 Mustapha in Philip Massinger's The Renegado
 Marwood in James Shirley's The Wedding
 Himulco in Thomas Nabbes's Hannibal and Scipio
 Young Bruce in Robert Davenport's King John and Matilda
 the Duke of Florence in Thomas Heywood's The Fair Maid of the West, Part 2.

He probably also played in the company's production of John Ford's Love's Sacrifice as well.

The roles he played tended to be young male leads and vigorous dashing figures, which reveals something about the kind of actor he was.

Personal life
James Wright's Historia Histrionica (1699) states that Sumner was a roommate of Richard Perkins, fellow actor with the Queen's company. As Wright put it, "Perkins and Sumner of the Cockpit [Theatre] kept house together in Clerkenwell, and were there buried...."

The date of Sumner's death is not known, although he was buried on 24 May 1649.

References

1649 deaths
17th-century English male actors
English male stage actors
Year of birth unknown


Christopher “Chris” Voss is an American businessman, author, and academic. Voss is a former FBI hostage negotiator , the CEO of The Black Swan Group Ltd, a company registered in East Grinstead, England, and co-author of the book Never Split the Difference. He is an adjunct Professor at  Harvard Law School, Georgetown University's McDonough School of Business, and a lecturer at the Marshall School of Business at University of Southern California .

Early life and education
Voss was born in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. He earned a Bachelor of Science from Iowa State University and Master of Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School.

Career
Voss was a member of the New York City Joint Terrorism Task Force from 1986 to 2000. He was involved in monitoring the New York City landmark bomb plot after spending three years investigating the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, one of 500 agents who were involved in the task. He was the "co-case agent" during the investigation of the 1996 TWA Flight 800 explosion.

In 1992, he received hostage negotiation training at the FBI Academy. He spent 24 years working in the FBI Crisis Negotiation Unit and was the FBI's chief international hostage and kidnapping negotiator from 2003 to 2007.

In 2006, he was the lead negotiator on the Jill Carroll case in Iraq as well as the Steve Centanni case in the Gaza Strip. Voss supervised additional hostage cases in the Philippines, Colombia and Haiti.

After working on more than 150 international hostage cases, he retired from the FBI in 2007 and founded The Black Swan Group. The Black Swan Group serves as a consultancy and trainer for both businesses and individuals on negotiation skills. He became an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's McDonough School of Business and a lecturer at the USC Marshall School of Business.

In 2016, Voss co-authored the book Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It, with journalist Tahl Raz.

Voss was given the Attorney General's Award for Excellence in Law Enforcement as well as the FBI Agents Association Award for Distinguished and Exemplary Service.

Voss is a regular commentator on CNBC, CNN, MSNBC, and Fox News, and NPR. He has also been featured in Forbes, The New York Times, Inc., Variety, and Time.

In 2019, he created and narrated a MasterClass, The Art of Negotiation.

Books
 Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It (2016)

References

External links
 Inc magazine, "The 5 Brilliant Emotional Intelligence Tactics This FBI Agent Uses to Negotiate"
 Time magazine, "5 Tactics to Win a Negotiation, According to an FBI Agent"
 Article at the Daily Beast
 IDC Magazine
 Interview at CNN in 2008

Living people
American chief executives
American writers
Federal Bureau of Investigation agents
McDonough School of Business faculty
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Negotiation
United States National Security Council staffers
University of Southern California faculty
1957 births


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Imperial County, California.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Imperial County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map.

There are 12 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.

Current listings

|}

See also

List of National Historic Landmarks in California
National Register of Historic Places listings in California
California Historical Landmarks in Imperial County, California

References

Imperial


Shamrock Bowl I was the first championship game played between two Irish American Football teams in the IAFL, the game was played in St Marys RFC Templeville road in Dublins southside. The Dublin Celts and Craigavon Cowboys met in a very rough and difficult contest for both teams, exacerbated by a high level of penalty flags thrown in the game, causing frustration to both sides. The Celts ran a mixture of the wishbone formation, and the pro set during the game but the Cowboys defence managed to prevent the Celts scoring a touchdown. The Celts were ahead for most of the game when they scored a safety by Carlos De la Garza early in the game. However, in the final quarter of the game Cowboys quarterback Geoff Donaghy passed to wide receiver John Mulally to score the only touchdown of the game. The Cowboys won 6–2, the lowest scoring Shamrock Bowl in the history of the league.

It was the same two teams who were to meet in Shamrock bowl 11, in North RFC in Belfast, this time the Dublin Celts emerged victorious in a tough hard hitting game, 25 to 15. at the end of the game both teams went back to the Cowboys clubhouse for a post-game celebration, such was the sportsmanship displayed by both teams, even after a tough grueling game.

Shamrock Bowl
1986 in American football
1986 in Irish sport


"Holly Rock" is a song written and produced by Prince and performed by Sheila E. who also received writing and production credits. The song appeared on the soundtrack of the 1985 film Krush Groove, with Sheila E. performing the song in the film. It is a high-energy rap number with Sheila E. rapping throughout most of the song. The song did not chart, but it became a fan favorite. The 7" single release was backed by "Toy Box", a track from Romance 1600.

Music video
A live performance of the song was used as the music video.

Background
"Holly Rock" is the sixth track (and only Prince-related track) on the movie Krush Groove soundtrack.  It was released as the album's fifth single nine months after the album's release.

Basic tracking took place on  April 24, 1985, at Sunset Sound in  Hollywood, California  (the day after "Evolsidog" and four days before "All My Dreams" and "Kiss").

In 2019 the original Prince version of the song was released on the posthumous Prince album Originals.

Formats and track listings
US 7"
 "Holly Rock" (edit) – 3:58
 "Toy Box – 5:32

US 12" promo
 "Holly Rock" (extended version) – 6:35
 "Holly Rock" (7" single edit) – 3:58

Originals release
 "Holly Rock" – 6:38
 "Holly Rock" (music video edit) – 3:56
 "Holly Rock" (edit) – 3:47

Personnel
Credits sourced from Duane Tudahl

Sheila E. – lead and backing vocals, drums, bongos, timbales, cowbells, bongos
Prince – backing vocals, electric guitar, Oberheim OB-8, bass guitar, Linn LM-1, cymbal
Eddie M. – saxophone

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1986 singles
1986 songs
Sheila E. songs
Songs written by Sheila E.


Kysorychi (, ) is a village located in Sarny Raion, Rivne Oblast, Ukraine, but was formerly administered within Rokytne Raion. Before the 1939 Nazi German and Soviet invasions of Poland, the village was named Kisorycze and was located in Gmina Kisorycze, Sarny County, Wołyń Voivodeship in the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic. The biggest employer in the area was a glass factory in Rokytne (Рокитне) 8 km north of town, employing 400 workers.

World War II
The village was one of hundreds of sites of mass killings during the wave of massacres of Poles in Volhynia between 1942 and 1945. Polish families were murdered there by UPA death squads aided by the local Ukrainians; as in the case of the Żołnowski family, choked to death with a rope by their own neighbors. The eye-witness account was provided by the Żołnowski wife, who survived by pretending to be dead. The local Polish teacher Felicja Masojada, with Kasper Koziński and his Ukrainian wife Hanka and maid Cita, were ambushed on the road. Hanka (the Ukrainian) was sent home, but the rest were led into the forest by a death squad (sotnia) of Hrytsko Kashketsyuk, Ivan Kulpach "Tryhub", Ivan Shelyuk, Ivan Voloshyn, and Kostyantyn and Semen Kovalchuk, where the women were hanged upside down and dismembered.

See also
 History of Poland (1939–1945)
 Historiography of the Volyn tragedy

References

  Andrzej Mielcarek, Strony o Wołyniu 2003-2008
   OUN-UPA. Formacje zbrojne. Nacjonalistyczne formacje zbrojne Maksyma Borowcia „Tarasa Bulby" from Władysław and Ewa Siemaszko, Ludobójstwo.
 Magdalena Żuraw,  Na pohybel Lacham 20 July 2008

Villages in Sarny Raion
Ovruchsky Uyezd
Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)


USS Wahtah (YT-140), later YTB-140, was a United States Navy harbor tug in commission from 1939 to 1946.

Wahtah was laid down on 28 August 1939 at Portsmouth,  Virginia, by the Norfolk Navy Yard. She was launched on 14 December 1939, sponsored by Miss Marie Yvonne Thornton, and soon thereafter was placed in service at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.

For the remainder of her active career, Wahtah remained attached to the Washington Navy Yard performing local tugging and towing operations, providing waterfront fire protection, and other related services. She was reclassified as a large harbor tug and redesignated YTB-140 on 15 May 1944.

Struck from the Navy List on 15 October 1974, she was soon sold.

References

External links
 Photo gallery at navsource.org

Tugs of the United States Navy
Ships built in Portsmouth, Virginia
1939 ships


The Snowy Range Lodge, formerly known as the Libby Lodge, is located in the Snowy Range of Medicine Bow National Forest in Wyoming. The three-story log lodge was built in 1925 as the Libby Lodge. From 1925 to the mid-1970s, the Lodge served as a classic mountain lodge, sleeping up to 75 people in the main lodge and in ten cabins on 40 acres leased from the US Forest Service.  In the mid-1970s, it fell into a state of abandonment, neglect, and disrepair such that the Forest Service planned to burn and bulldoze it as it presented a liability risk to National Forest users who might venture inside.

The Lodge was purchased and rehabilitated by a local family and currently serves as a private residence, and private hire for events (not accommodation).

References

External links

Snowy Range Lodge at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Houses completed in 1925
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Hotels in Wyoming
Houses in Albany County, Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, Wyoming


Edicson Ruiz Bioeng (born 11 May 1985 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan double-bass player. At age 17, Ruiz became the youngest member of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the second in the Philharmonic history after a harp player in the 19th century; he is also the first Hispanic-American musician to join the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.

Ruiz started his musical career at age 11 when he joined the Venezuelan network of youth orchestras, known as El Sistema. In 2001, he was awarded the first prize in the youth solo competition at the International Society of Bassists convention, held in Indianapolis. After his first concert in Germany, he was offered a place in the Berlin Philharmonic, becoming a full member after one year of training.

References

External links

 Berlin Philharmonic

1985 births
Living people
Musicians from Caracas
Players of the Berlin Philharmonic
Venezuelan classical musicians
21st-century double-bassists


Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Snowdrop after the flower, the Snowdrop:

  was an  sloop launched in 1915 and sold in 1923.
  was a  launched in 1940, sold in 1947 and broken up in 1949.

Royal Navy ship names


Stephen Leopold (born November 15, 1951) is a Canadian real estate businessman.

Early life and education
He was born in Montreal, Quebec. His father was the late Irwin Leopold, a Montreal businessman, and developer. Irwin Leopold initiated the development of Westmount Square in Montreal, a complex of residential and commercial buildings that formed "a city within a city," was designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

In Leopold's early years, he attended Selwyn House School, a private school and Westmount High School. He later graduated with honors from McGill University in Montreal, and attended the McGill University Faculty of Law but never graduated.

Career

In Canada
In 1973, while still at the McGill Faculty of Law, he became an investigator on the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities (Senator Sam Ervin's Watergate Committee, or The United States Senate Watergate Committee).

In 1975, Leopold's visibility lead to his appointment as Executive Assistant to Brian Mulroney during Mulroney's 1975-1976 bid for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Mulroney would later become Prime Minister of Canada from 1984 to 1993. In Mulroney's personal autobiography published in 2007, and titled Brian Mulroney - Memoirs: 1939-1993 (). Mulroney refers to humorous travel times with Leopold, and calls Leopold "an energetic and affable young Montrealer".

Following his initial foray into politics, Leopold began, what would ultimately become, his career in real estate.

After the campaign ended, Leopold returned to real estate and became Vice President of Canada's largest mortgage bank, Marcil Trust which was subsequently acquired by the Royal Bank of Canada, and now forms part of RBC Capital Markets.

In 1977 Leopold formed Leopold Properties. The firm subsequently renamed Leopold Property Consultants, became one of the largest companies in North America to represent only tenants. As a result, Leopold and his company represented some of North America's leading companies and professional firms in the development of new office buildings to house their tenancy. These included such Montreal landmarks as 1001 de Maisonneuve Blvd for Aetna Insurance. In May 1986, while representing Coopers & Lybrand (today PricewaterhouseCoopers), Clarkson Tetrault (today McCarthy Tétrault), and Claridge Investments (the holding company for the descendants of the late Samuel Bronfman), Leopold inspired the redevelopment of one of downtown Montreal's most important heritage sites, The Windsor Hotel. His leadership in the real estate industry, coupled with his well-publicized association with Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (1984–1993), brought Leopold into the spotlight in the Canadian press. He used this prominence to take controversial public stands. In 1984, as a leader of Montreal's anglophone community, Leopold proclaimed that notwithstanding the threat of the Quebec sovereignty movement, the hydroelectric power resources of Quebec would always sustain it as a vibrant economy. Controversial at times, in 1985, he publicly questioned where large pension funds were investing in Montreal, asserting that it was foolish to invest in areas without easy public transportation. In 1986, he led the first Canadian business boycott against the apartheid policies of South Africa at a luncheon hosted by Canada's premier luncheon club, The Canadian Club which featured the head of the Canada-South Africa Trade Committee. In 1989 Leopold was featured in Vista Magazine, a national monthly publication in an article titled "Stephen Leopold - Owner, Leopold Property Consultants - Kingpin of Canadian Real Estate".

Upon his return to Montreal in 2010 The Globe and Mail, Canada's national newspaper ran a full page story titled “Real Estate Royalty comes home” stating “He's as close as it comes to real estate royalty in the city even though he was gone for almost two decades”. La Presse, Quebec's leading newspaper, called him “the living legend of the real estate industry” (la <<legende vivante de l’industrie immobiliere>>).

In 2012, Leopold founded AudaCité Montréal, a not-for-profit organization composed of Montréal business leaders  ],to mobilize public opinion to support the creation of an iconic bridge to serve as the replacement of the structurally-unsound Champlain Bridge .

In New York City
In 1993 Leopold relocated to New York City to pursue large scale property development in Manhattan. One of Leopold's largest development transactions included conceiving and creating nearly two acres of food courts in the World Trade Center. Leopold later sold his interest in the World Trade Center projects shortly before the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Leopold has served on the Boards of Directors of the University Club of Montreal, the Edmonton Art Gallery, Ruby Foo's Restaurant and Hotel, the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League, the Canadian Guild of Crafts, and the Board of Governors of the Roosevelt Institute which in partnership with the National Parks and the National archives is responsible for the maintenance of the birthright grounds, home and Presidential library of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

In 2012, Leopold was one of the 100 "experts" in Donald Trump's book The Best Real Estate Advice I Ever Received: 100 Top Experts Share Their Strategies ().

References

Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian real estate businesspeople
Businesspeople from Montreal
Living people
1951 births
McGill University alumni
McGill University Faculty of Law alumni
Selwyn House School alumni


The Princess Grace Foundation – USA is a charity organization named after Princess Grace of Monaco, which supports emerging performers in theater, dance, and film in the form of awards, grants, scholarships, and fellowships. The Foundation holds an annual awards ceremony to recognize fledgling and established artists across the country. Prince Albert II of Monaco serves as its patron.

History

The Foundation was established by Prince Rainier III of Monaco to honor the legacy of the late Princess Grace, who supported Monégasque arts in culture as well as numerous up-and-coming American artists during her lifetime.
In 1982, Robert Hausman, founding Chairman, incorporated Princess Grace Foundation-USA as a non-profit public charity. The Board of Trustees at the time of its founding consisted of Frank Sinatra, Cary Grant, Roger Moore, John Johnson, William P. Rogers, Mary Wells Lawrence, and Lynn Wyatt.

The first financial grants in the form of scholarships, apprenticeships, and fellowships were awarded in 1984 to artists associated with schools or performing arts companies in the dance and theater. An arts advisory board composed of professionals in each of those fields was appointed to the Awards recipients. President Ronald Reagan, and First Lady Nancy Reagan oversaw the first gala at the White House in Washington, D.C.; The Foundation has continued with annual Awards Galas, rotating between New York City, Los Angeles and Monte Carlo.  Currently, there are five avenues of funding for Award winners, available exclusively to Award winners and honoraria: Special Projects, Works in Progress in partnership with Baryshnikov Arts Center, Choreography Mentorship Co-Commission, Professional Development, and Professional Development partnerships for filmmakers.

The Princess Grace Awards
The Princess Grace Awards are a ceremony held each year, hosted by the Princely Family of Monaco and the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, to recognize emerging and established artists in the performing arts. The five nomination categories include theater, playwriting, dance, choreography, and film.

The Princess Grace Statue Award
The Princess Grace Statue Awarded is the foundation's highest honor, received by artists who distinguish themselves in their respective disciplines after receiving a previous Princess Grace Award.  In addition to a $25,000 cash gift, the awardees are presented with a bronze statuette of Princess Grace created by the Dutch artist Kees Verkade. To date, sixty-seven artists have received this award. As of 2020, sixty-seven artists have received this award, including Oscar Isaac, John M. Chu, Leslie Odom Jr., Chinonye Chukwu, Gillian Murphy, David Hallberg, Anna D. Shapiro, and Rose Bond.

The Prince Rainier III Award
The Prince Rainier III Award was inaugurated in 2005, after the passing of Prince Rainier. The Award is presented to established artists who are both highly celebrated in their careers and have made significant humanitarian contributions to their fields. The Award includes a grant to the philanthropic organization of the honorees's choice. Recipients to date include George Lucas, Glenn Close, Denzel Washington, Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke, Robert Redford, Queen Latifah and James Cameron.

Notable Princess Grace Awards Winners

Theater

 Jared Mezzocchi, 2012 Theater Fellowship
 Nicolette Robinson, 2009 Theater Scholarship, Gant Gaither Theater Award
 Scott Turner Schofield, 2007 Theater Fellowship - Acting, 2009 Special Project Award
 Oscar Isaac, 2004 Theater Scholarship
 Sam Gold, 2004 Theater Scholarship, 2018 Statue Award
 Leslie Odom Jr., 2002 Theater Scholarship, 2016 Statue Award
 Richard Kimmel, 2000 Theater Fellowship
 Anna Shapiro, 1996 Theater Apprenticeship, 2010 Statue Award
 Michael John Garcés, 1995 Theater Fellowship, 2007 Statue Award
 Eric Simonson, 1994 Theater Fellowship, 2005 Statue Award
 David Barrera, 1993 Theater Scholarship
 David Neumann, 1993 Theater Apprenticeship, 2011 Works in Progress Residency
 Paul Tazewell, 1993 Theater Fellowship, 2004 Statue Award

 Shishir Kurup, 1993 Theater Apprenticeship
 Donna Lynne Champlin, 1992 Theater Scholarship
 Michael Wilson, 1992 Theater Fellowship, 2001 Statue Award
 Ricardo Hernandez, 1992 Theater Apprenticeship, 2000 Statue Award
 Ty Taylor, 1990 Theater Scholarship
 Yareli Arizmendi, 1990 Theater Scholarship, 1995 Statue Award
 Christopher Ashley, 1989 Theater Apprenticeship, 1998 Statue Award
 Orlagh Cassidy, 1989 Theater Scholarship
 Bruce Graham, 1988 Theater Fellowship, 1991 Statue Award
 Tina Landau, 1988 Theater Scholarship, 1999 Statue Award
 Patrick Page, 1988 Theater Fellowship
 Anthony Kushner, 1987 Theater Fellowship, 1994 Statue Award
 Paul Warner, 1986 Theater Apprenticeship, 1987 Statue Award

Playwriting

 Kenneth Lin, 2005 Playwriting Fellowship
 Jesse Kellerman, 2003 Playwriting Fellowship
 Madeleine George, 2002 Playwriting Fellowship
 Sheila Callaghan, 2000 Playwriting Fellowship, 2008 Works in Progress Residency

 Bridget Carpenter, 1997 Playwriting Fellowship
 Adam Rapp, 1999 Playwriting Fellowship, 2006 Statue Award
 Kate Robin, 1995 Playwriting Fellowship, 2003 Statue Award

Dance

Jacqueline Green, 2014 Dance Fellowship
 Isabella Boylston, 2009 Dance Fellowship
 Jeffrey Cirio, 2009 Dance Fellowship
 Joseph Walsh, 2009 Dance Fellowship
 Alexander Peters, 2008 Ballet Scholarship
 Blaine Hoven, 2008 Ballet Fellowship
 Jermel Johnson, 2008 Ballet Fellowship
 Lucien Postlewaite, 2008 Ballet Fellowship
 Andrew Bartee, 2007 Dance Scholarship - Ballet
 Brooklyn Mack, 2007 Dance Fellowship - Ballet
 Sarah Kathryn Lane, 2007 Dance Fellowship - Ballet
 Adrienne Benz, 2006 Dance Fellowship - Ballet
 Drew Jacoby, 2005 Dance Fellowship, 2008 Special Project Award
 John Lam, 2005 Dance Fellowship
 Tiler Peck, 2004 Dance Scholarship
 Christine Shevchenko, 2003 Dance Scholarship
 David Hallberg, 2002 Dance Fellowship
 Michele Jimenez, 2002 Dance Fellowship
 Jared Angle, 2001 Dance Fellowship
 Gonzalo Garcia, 2000 Dance Fellowship
 Lilyan Vigo-Ellis, 2000 Dance Fellowship, 2004 Special Project Grant
 Michele Wiles, 1999 Dance Fellowship

 Gillian Murphy, 1998 Dance Fellowship, 2009 Statue Award
 Maria Bystrova-Renko, 1998 Dance Scholarship
 Alexandra Ansanelli, 1997 Dance Fellowship
 Miranda Weese, 1995 Dance Fellowship
 Carlos Acosta, 1995 Dance Fellowship
 Maria Kowroski, 1994 Dance Scholarship, 2006 Statue Award
 Dormeshia Sumbry-Edwards, 1994 Dance Fellowship, 2017 Statue Award
 Derick Grant, 1993 Emerging Dance Artist
 Robert Battle, 1993 Dance Scholarship, 2007 Statue Award
 Jennie Renee Somogyi, 1992 Dance Scholarship, 2002 Statue Award
 Riolama Lorenzo, 1992 Dance Scholarship
 Ethan Stiefel, 1991 Emerging Dance Artist, 1999 Statue Award
 Kristin Long, 1990 Emerging Dance Artist
 Pauline Reyniack, née Golbin, 1990 Emerging Dance Artist, 1991 Statue Award
 Tina LeBlanc-Jerkunica, 1988 Dance Fellowship, 1995 Statue Award
 Elizabeth Walker, 1988 Dance Scholarship
 Diane Madden, 1986 Dance Fellowship, 1994 Statue Award
 Terese Capucilli, 1985 Dance Scholarship, 1986 Statue Award
 Li Cunxin, 1986 Dance Fellowship, 1993 Statue Award
 Amanda McKerrow, 1986 Dance Fellowship, 1987 Statue Award

Choreography

 Olivier Wevers, 2011 Choreography Fellowship
 Zoe Scofield, 2011 Choreography Fellowship
 Kyle Abraham, 2010 Dance-Choreography Fellowship

 Kate Weare, 2009 Choreography Fellowship
 Camille A. Brown, 2006 Choreography Fellowship - Modern

Film

 Chinonye Chukwu, 2009 Film Scholarship, 2019 Statue Award
 Ben Steinbauer, 2006 Graduate Film Scholarship
 Cary Joji Fukunaga, 2005 Graduate Film Scholarship
 Ben Russell, 2002 Graduate Film Scholarship, 2010 Special Project Grant
 Ham Tran, 2001 Graduate Film Scholarship, 2006 Special Project Grant
 Jon M. Chu, 2001 Film Scholarship, 2011 Statue Award
 David Riker, 1995 Graduate Film Scholarship, 2001 Statue Award

 Ilya Chaiken, 1994 Undergraduate Film Scholarship, 2003 Statue Award
 Parine Jaddo, 1993 Graduate Film Scholarship
 Mark Christopher, 1992 Graduate Film Scholarship, 2005 Statue Award
 Rose Bond, 1989 Graduate Film Scholarship, 2008 Statue Award
 Eric Darnell, 1989 Graduate Film Scholarship
 Stephen Hillenburg, 1991 Graduate Film Scholarship, 2002 Statue Award
 Gregory Mottola, 1989 Graduate Film Scholarship, 1998 Statue Award

References

External links

Arts organizations based in New York City
Arts foundations based in the United States
 Princess Grace Awards
Internship programs
Arts organizations established in 1982
1982 establishments in the United States
Grace Kelly


Wyndham William Knight (5 December 1828 – 17 September 1918), known in some sources as Wiliam Wyndham Knight, was an English amateur cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Kent County Cricket Club in 1862.

Knight was born at Chawton in Hampshire in 1828 and educated at Winchester College. He is known to have played cricket twice for the amateur Gentlemen of Kent side in the 1850s before making his only first-class appearance for the county side in 1862 against Sussex. He was one of the founders of the Band of Brothers, an amateur cricket club closely associated with Kent.

Knight lived at Bilting House near Godmersham in Kent for most of his adult life, although he is known to have owned property in Hampshire. In 1846 he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade, serving in the regiment until 1854, commanding a company at the Battle of Boomplaats in South Africa in 1848 and rising to the rank of lieutenant. He later served with the Royal East Kent Yeomanry between 1856 and 1862, rising to the rank of captain. He was a magistrate and a justice of the peace, married Henrietta Armstrong and had two children.

Knight died at Bilting in Kent in 1918 aged 89. His brother Philip, father Edward, and uncles George, Brook and Henry all played first-class cricket.

He was the father of Captain William Brodnax Knight, of the Queen's Bays, and the grandfather of Major-General Sir Wyndham Charles Knight, of the Indian Army.

Notes

References

External links

1828 births
1918 deaths
English cricketers
Kent cricketers
People from Godmersham
People from Chawton


In mathematics, an elliptic hypergeometric series is a series Σcn such that the ratio
cn/cn−1 is an elliptic function of n, analogous to generalized hypergeometric series where the ratio is a rational function of n, and basic hypergeometric series where the ratio is a periodic function of the complex number  n.  They were introduced by Date-Jimbo-Kuniba-Miwa-Okado (1987) and  in their study of elliptic 6-j symbols.

For surveys of elliptic hypergeometric series see ,   or .

Definitions
The q-Pochhammer symbol is defined by

The modified Jacobi theta function with argument x and nome p is defined by

The elliptic shifted factorial is defined by

The theta hypergeometric series r+1Er is defined by

The very well poised theta hypergeometric series r+1Vr is defined by

The bilateral theta hypergeometric series rGr is defined by

Definitions of additive elliptic hypergeometric series

The elliptic numbers are defined by

where the Jacobi theta function is defined by

The additive elliptic shifted factorials are defined by

The additive theta hypergeometric series r+1er is defined by

The additive very well poised theta hypergeometric series r+1vr is defined by

Further reading

References

Hypergeometric functions


Bridgwater United Women's Football Club are an English women's association football club based in Bridgwater, Somerset who were previously known as Yetminster Ladies, Sherborne Ladies, Yeovil Town Ladies and Yeovil United. Founded in 1990, they now play in the .

Prior to moving to the FA WSL in 2013, the club played in the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division after gaining promotion from the South West Combination Women's Football League for a second time in 2012. The team merged with men's side Bridgwater Town in 2021 to become Bridgwater United.

History
The team was formed by Tony Baverstock as Yetminster Ladies, and originally competed in South West League Division Two, the club's first game was against Weymouth Vikings on 16 September 1990. The club was renamed Sherborne Ladies in 1993, and in 1997 the team reached the 4th Round of the Women's FA Cup, finally going out to Everton in front of a crowd of over 500 at Huish Park. The team was renamed Yeovil Town Ladies in 1999, and progressed well under the management of John Flatters. After Flatters departed the club, first team coach Steve Phelps took over.

The 2004–05 season saw Yeovil Town Ladies win the Somerset County Cup Final against Keynsham Town Ladies, with the end of this season also seeing the departure of young talent Helen Bleazard, who had been playing for Yeovil since the age of nine. Bleazard left to play for Bristol City Ladies, who at the time were playing in the Women's Premier League. The following season saw the team missing out on league promotion to Frome Town by one point, leaving them in the League runner's up position, and losing League Cup finalists. The 2006–07 season saw the Glovers at last seal promotion to the South West Combination League.

The club embarked upon its first season back up in the South West Combination in 2007–08.  It was another good campaign too, with the team acclimatising well to their new status and gaining a very respectable fourth-place finish. The 2008–09 season again saw fine progress, Yeovil Town footballer Nathan Jones joined as first team coach in November 2009. Yeovil finished the season third, behind league champions Queens Park Rangers and second place Plymouth Argyle. The Reserves finished the season as League champions, gaining promotion to the South West League, Division One.

The following season saw the team hit the headlines following a 21–0 victory over Reading Town in the August. This inspired them to race to the top of the league with a 9–1 win over Cullompton, a hard-fought victory at Forest Green Rovers and a 2–2 draw at Havant & Waterlooville. The season was disrupted by poor weather for almost four months, but this allowed the team to concentrate on the FA Cup, with victories over Saltash United, Forest Green Rovers and Newquay taking them to an exciting fourth round tie with Norwich City, a game that saw them come out 3–0 winners, setting up a tie with Nottingham Forest. They lost this narrowly 1–0, but clearly showed their higher league promise. The team won the South West Combination Women's League, having won seventeen, drawn one and lost just two of their twenty matches, scoring 103 goals, conceding just fifteen.

The 2010–11 season saw the club competing in FA Women's Premier League Southern Division for the first time, however, they unfortunately found themselves relegated back to the South West Combination at the end of the season after a brave battle. They however fared better in the county cup, getting through to the final thanks to a 3–1 victory over Keynsham Town. March 2011 saw the departure of the long serving first team manager Steve Phelps and his assistant manager Nigel Wolfe from their positions at the club. Steve cited work and personal commitments for his resignation.

Nigel Williams and Sarah Lawler took over as joint managers of the first team, with Chris White installed as assistant manager. They initially steadied the ship with draws against Cardiff City and Colchester United, but defeats against West Ham United and Portsmouth in their final two matches confirmed the return to the South West Combination. The season ended with a 3–0 win over Larkhall Athletic in the final of the Somerset Women's Senior Cup.

The 2011–12 season was the first full season under the tenure of the new joint first team managers saw two trophies won by the senior squad, with the lifting of both the South West Women's Combination Football League Trophy and the Somerset FA Women's Senior Cup. The club also had the honour of being awarded the FA National Respect Gold award for the English ladies football pyramid. The start of the season saw the departure from the club of the long serving and record goal scorer Jemma Tewkesbury, who moved to Portsmouth Ladies, but the league campaign starting with a 7–1 victory over Keynsham Development and this set the precedent for the season, with the girls staying unbeaten in the league throughout. The county cup campaign started well with a 1–0 win over Keynsham Town. The girls received a bye to the final, where they beat Larkhall Athletic 3–0 to lift the trophy for the second consecutive season. The girls were crowned champions in April, with two games to spare, confirming promotion back to the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division at the first time of asking.

The 2012–13 season saw the club finish 3rd in the Premier League Southern Division, their highest ever finishing position, and reached the 5th round of the FA Women's Cup before losing 4–0 to Leeds United. In April 2013, it was confirmed that the club had been accepted in to the new expanded FA WSL Division 2. Yeovil was named FAWSL 2 Club of the Year in 2014, where they finished fourth in the league with 22 points.  They once again finished fourth in 2015, this time with 31 points.  The 2016 season saw Yeovil win promotion to FA WSL 1, winning the WSL Division 2. They also won FAWSL 2 Club of the year for a second time.

Their entry into the top flight of English women's football came during the 2017 spring series, a series created to shift women's football calendar from a summer to a winter league.  While they finished last in the spring series, this series saw no promotion or relegation before the 2017–2018 season which started in September 2017. They subsequently finished last during this 2017–18 season but remained in the FA WSL through the FA club licensing application process.

In March 2019, the club was reported to have entered administration. They were deducted 10 points during the 2018–19 season, finishing 15 points adrift and getting relegated. However, in May 2019, they were denied an operating licence for the Championship and would have to contest the following season as a third tier club instead. In June 2019, owner Steve Allinson announced his intention to relinquish ownership of the team free of charge in order to find investors capable of sustaining the team.

In July 2019, Yeovil Town's ownership was successfully transferred to Adam Murry who took control of A.F.C. Bournemouth men's team when they went into administration. Murry promptly promoted Academy Head Coach Jamie Phillip to the senior position and rebranded the team, changing from Yeovil Town Ladies to Yeovil Town Women and creating a new team badge. Yeovil began the season strongly but faltered a few games in and Jamie Philip left the club by mutual consent. The appointment of former manager, Jamie Sherwood, was confirmed in November 2020. In March 2020, the 2019–20 season was cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic with Yeovil sitting in 5th place. In late summer of 2020, the board of directors elected a new chair of the board in Sarah Murry and underwent a further name change in September, rebranding as Yeovil United FC.

In March 2021, Yeovil United merged with men's club Bridgwater Town, forming Bridgwater United.

In April 2023, following a 4-0 defeat at London Bees, Bridgwater United Women were relegated from the Southern Premier Division of the FA Women's National League.

Players

Current squad

Former players

Backroom staff

Management

Honours
FA WSL 2
Winners (1): 2016
South West Combination
Winners (2): 2009–10, 2011–12
Somerset FA Women's Senior Cup
Winners (4): 2004–05, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13

References

External links
Bridgwater United FC Official Website

Women's football clubs in England
Football clubs in Somerset

Sport in Yeovil
1990 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1990
FA WSL 1 teams
FA Women's National League teams


The 2003 Mario Andretti Grand Prix at Road America Presented by Briggs & Stratton was the twelfth round of the 2003 CART World Series season, held on August 3, 2003 at the Road America circuit in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin.

The race was shortened to 34 laps from the scheduled 60 after the race was red-flagged twice because of rain.  The first stoppage lasted 20 minutes after only 1 lap and the second lasted 2 hours and 40 minutes after lap 7.  With darkness impending at the restart after the second red flag period, the race had to be shortened from its original length.

Race cancellation and rescheduling
This race was canceled in March 2003 (along with the planned race for 2004) after a legal dispute developed between the Road America's owner George Bruggenthies and CART.  However, Mario Andretti was able to negotiate an agreement between the parties and the race was restored to CART's schedule in April.  The race was then named in Andretti's honor.

Qualifying results

Race

Caution flags

Notes

 Average Speed 86.493 mph

External links
 Full Weekend Times & Results

References

Road America
Mario Grand Prix At Road America
Champ Car Grand Prix of Road America


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in San Benito County, California.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in San Benito County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 15 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks.

Current listings

|}

See also

List of National Historic Landmarks in California
National Register of Historic Places listings in California
California Historical Landmarks in San Benito County, California

References

San Benito


Otto von Erdmannsdorff (22 October 1888 – 30 December 1978) was a German diplomat who served as ambassador to Hungary under the Nazis from 1937 to 1941, and was later acquitted of war crimes in the Ministries Trial.

A member of the Saxon juridical service before the First World War, and a participant in that war, Von Erdmannsdorff afterward held diplomatic posts in Mexico, China, and Tokyo. He took up his post as ambassador to Hungary on May 11, 1937. Although serving as ambassador for Hitler's government during a critical period, he was not himself a Nazi: the U.S. Ambassador to Hungary at the time, John F. Montgomery, mentioned that von Erdmannsdorff "almost resigned at one time because he didn't want to cope with the Nazis", and Hungarian regent Miklós Horthy described him as "the last of the professional German diplomats". He nonetheless became a nominal member of the party in 1937. He was replaced as ambassador in July 1941 by Dietrich von Jagow, a party member rather than professional diplomat.

Thereafter, he served as Deputy to Ernst Wörmann, who was Chief of the Political Division of the German Foreign Office. Although the Political Division was staffed mainly by civil servants who were either nominal members of the Nazi Party or not members at all, it was nonetheless involved in implementing the Final Solution. This led to von Erdmannsdorff's being charged with war crimes in the Ministries Trial after the war; however, he was acquitted as a result of a determination that he lacked sufficient power and influence to have been able to prevent the crimes.

His memoirs are unpublished, and contain among other things a number of quotations from Horthy recorded during von Erdmannsdorff's four years representing Germany in Hungary.

Notes

References

1888 births
1978 deaths
Ambassadors of Germany to Hungary
People indicted for war crimes
People acquitted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals


Shisha, sheesha, or Shisheh may refer to:
 Mu‘assel or shisha tobacco, the molasses-based tobacco product heated in a hookah
 Hookah lounge, or shisha bar
 Hookah also known as waterpipe, the heated tobacco product or the device used to smoke it

Other uses
 Sheesha (1986 film), directed by Basu Chatterji
 Sheesha (2005 film), a film directed by Ashu Trikha
 "Shisha" (song), a song by Massari
 Taivoan people, also Shisha, a Taiwanese indigenous people
 Shisha (embroidery), or mirror-work, an embroidery technique used to attach small mirrors to cloth

See also
 Shisa, a type of Japanese statue derived from Chinese guardian lions
 Shish (disambiguation)