Dr. Patrick Drake and Dr. Robin Scorpio-Drake are fictional characters and a supercouple from the ABC daytime drama General Hospital and its SOAPnet spin-off General Hospital:Night Shift. The couple is commonly referred to by the nickname "Scrubs", rather than by a portmanteau like other supercouples. Robin, the daughter of popular characters Robert Scorpio (Tristan Rogers) and Anna Devane (Finola Hughes), is portrayed by Kimberly McCullough, the original actress cast in the role who has portrayed the character sporadically since she was seven in 1985. Jason Thompson was cast as legendary 1980s character Dr. Noah Drake's (Rick Springfield) son Patrick in December 2005.

After their meeting for the first time and their first few scenes together, the developing couple's relationship became popular among General Hospital fans. After the birth of their daughter, Emma Grace Scorpio Drake, interrupts their first wedding on October 31, 2008 (she is born on-screen November 3), the couple finally weds on December 26, 2008.

Writing and music
Canadian actor Jason Thompson was cast as "dreamy yet arrogant" Dr. Patrick Drake on General Hospital in December 2005. Kimberly McCullough had already been part of the series since 1985 as character Robin Scorpio. The writers detailed Patrick as the brilliant neurosurgeon son of Dr. Noah Drake. By having Patrick fall in love with Robin, the show's most popular heroine and also HIV positive, the series set out to create one of the genre's "most unique and touching love stories". "These are the kids of legacy characters Robert Scorpio and Noah Drake, giants of General Hospital history," said SOAPnet executive vice president and general manager Deborah Blackwell. "She's HIV positive, he's trying to change his ways, and they're in love. It's an incredibly compelling storyline."

With General Hospital:Night Shift, the writers anchored the show around Patrick and Robin and felt that this gave them an advantage on other couples within the series. "It's nice to start with the premise of a love story. Viewers know Robin and Patrick, but haven't seen a ton happen to them just yet. It gives us something to follow and root for right away," stated Jill Farren Phelps. In addition, the pairing would continue to appear on General Hospital.

Executives did not want Night Shift to be "your mother's General Hospital" and outlined Patrick and Robin's love story to involve the various ills and plagues of their patients, portrayed by a variety of guest stars. They felt this would expand the focus from a soap opera's "trademark tangled web" of romance to include the patients and their illnesses. Robin was presented as an accomplished medical professional who has been living with and successfully managing HIV for almost 15 years when she meets Patrick.

"The heart of the show will be about the cases and how they impact our doctors,” said Brian Frons, president of Disney-ABC TV Group. With Patrick and Robin as the show's main romance, the series was designed to tackle "grittier" and more "controversial" subject matter, partly due to daytime standards being different than what writers can do in prime time.

On May 29, 2006, Memorial Day, the series had Patrick and Robin make love for the first time to "Collide" by Howie Day. When the couple exchanged "I love yous", their official song became "Cloud Nine" by Cory Paul.

Storylines

2005–06
Dr. Robin Scorpio returns to Port Charles, New York in October 2005, having left in 1999 and coming back for a brief return in 2004. Samantha McCall (Kelly Monaco) seeks out Robin in New York City where she is giving a conference on drug treatment. Sam desperately asks Robin to help her save her fiancé and Robin's ex-boyfriend, Jason Morgan (Steve Burton). Jason is near death, suffering from brain damage as a result of taking an unknown drug to further his investigation of psychotic psychiatrist, Dr. Thomas. Robin agrees to return to help Jason with her experimental drug treatment. When the treatment fails, Jason is closer to death and in dire need of brain surgery.

Robin went to find Noah Drake and he was too drunk to perform the surgery. He tells her about his son, Dr. Patrick Drake, and said that he could perform the surgery on Jason. Patrick and Robin share their first scenes when she finds him having sex with a nurse in one of the rooms at the hospital he is working at. After hearing all about Jason's case from Robin, Patrick agrees to examine Jason, but does not officially agree to the surgery. Together, Patrick and Robin go back to Port Charles. After reviewing Jason's case, Patrick decides not to do the surgery until Robin challenges him. Proving that he is the "most gifted" doctor, Patrick performs the surgery successfully and Jason recovers.

Patrick decides to continue working at General Hospital, and relocates to Port Charles. Robin also decides to stay in the place she called home for most of her life. The two often disagree on patients' treatment, with Patrick leaning toward more invasive surgeries and Robin wanting to use drug therapies. The opposing physicians quarrel at the hospital on a daily basis. But it is Noah and Patrick's non-existent father/son relationship that helps develop Patrick and Robin's relationship. When he was a teenager, Patrick's mother died during a surgery that Noah was performing. Noah could not forgive himself and turned to alcohol as a result. He became a neglectful father and his relationship with Patrick suffered severely. At the same time, Robin developed her own set of father issues with the re-emergence of a not-so-dead Robert Scorpio. Early on, Robin and Patrick connected because of their dead beat nonexistent fathers. Though her father left shortly after he returned and never fully healed their broken relationship, Robin tried to mend the fence between Patrick and Noah and in a way acted as mediator. Robin and Patrick learn more about each other's pasts and soon Robin is able to convince Patrick to talk to his father. In conversation, Patrick admits his love for his father and inspires Noah to go to rehab.

For most of 2006, Robin has to deal with not only her complicated relationship with Patrick but trying to mend the relationship between herself and her parents. They start a "no-strings sex" agreement. When Patrick and Robin start to get closer, Patrick gets scared and "breaks up" with Robin, stating he does not want an "emotional bond". Eventually, thanks to Noah, Patrick and Robin find their way back to each other. Soon after, tragedy strikes - Patrick, while performing brain surgery on a patient with end stage AIDS, is stuck with an infected needle and might have contracted HIV. During this time, Patrick realizes just how much Robin means to him and just how much of a strong, amazing person she is. Robin stands by Patrick all throughout his ordeal. Patrick blurts out that he loves her and after some road bumps, they properly declare their love for one another in a courtyard in November 2006.

In December, Robin finds an apartment for Patrick. Though reluctant at first, he decides to keep the place. What came next for the twosome has become to be known as "The Couch Chronicles" where Robin bought a leather couch for Patrick (since he was none too eager to buy furniture for himself, and Robin saying she enjoyed that sort of decorating), Patrick taking back the couch (after his friend Pete Marquez scared him believing Robin had ulterior motives), Patrick reordering the couch, Robin insisting he take it back and finally Robin seeing he liked the couch (this and agreeing to move in with him, which was also a source of argument for the two in between the couch fighting). Robin moved in for one day, and by the next Pete was over trying to get Patrick to leave for Vegas to reprogram him. It wasn't until Noah came by offering his congratulations that Patrick felt backed into a corner and left with Pete for Las Vegas. A hurt Robin called on her girlfriends for what hoped to be a roadtrip but was arrested shortly after when a guy came onto her. Patrick had an unpleasant time in Vegas and called Robin only to find out she had been arrested. After each had a talk with wise Uncle Mac (John J. York), Patrick apologized but Robin was too upset.

Patrick's 6 month HIV tests came back at the same time. They came back inconclusive. Robin tried her best to convince him to take it again but Patrick was stubborn and believed this was a bad sign telling him he was positive.

2007–08
In February 2007, Robin is shot in the stomach during a hostage situation at the Metro Court Hotel. Emily Quartermaine (Natalia Livingston), with the assistance of Carly Corinthos (Laura Wright) and Patrick (via telephone), saves Robin's life. While Robin was in peril, Patrick was a wreck. At the culmination of the hostage crisis, Robin's friend, Nikolas Cassadine (Tyler Christopher), carries Robin out of the Metro Court to safety. She undergoes surgery to remove the bullet in her abdomen. At the hospital, Patrick tells her that he thought the worst thing that could happen to him was him testing positive for HIV but he realized that HIV would be a blessing compared to losing her because he loves her "beyond reason". On March 2, 2007, Robin is released from the hospital and brought home to her Uncle Mac's house to recuperate. Patrick's HIV test results came back as an affirmative negative. Both were relieved.

On March 15, 2007, Robin attempts to get her life back to normal and goes to work. But she is told to leave by Dr. Russell Ford, despite Patrick's and Monica's (Leslie Charleson) words of assurance that she will be able to handle being back at work so soon after her surgery. She gives in and leaves the hospital. Later, she is sitting on the pier, thinking, when Patrick shows up. He says that he is looking for her and she replies that she had run out of private thinking spots. Patrick says that he tried the park first and had hoped that she had gone there instead of the pier where there are many stairs. Patrick and Robin make up and discuss "therapy" options. In the end, Patrick carries her home.

On March 26, 2007, Patrick and Robin argue over her decision to not move back into their apartment with him. She then goes over to Wyndemere to see Nikolas and asks if she can stay with him. Nikolas is not home at the time, and as she searches through his desk to find a paper to leave a note, she is stopped by Mr. Craig (Sebastian Roche), the head gunman from the Metro Court hostage crisis, and finds out he is blackmailing Nikolas for a new identity. When Nikolas returns home, he finds Robin tending to Craig's wound and finds out that Craig had decided Robin might be useful in his blackmail plot. Craig instructs Robin to go about her normal life and not to draw attention to herself. Also, she cannot tell anybody, especially Patrick and he makes numerous threats against Patrick to keep her in line. Robin goes about his instructions and gets into a fight with Patrick. On March 29, 2007, Patrick goes over to Wyndemere and demands that Nikolas tell him what is going on. Nikolas hesitates and Robin walks in. She can see Craig out of the corner of her eye, holding a gun. She fears for Patrick's safety, so she lies to him and tells him they are over. Later, Craig decides that a good cover story for Robin living at Wyndemere will be to have Robin and Nikolas play out a very public love affair. They agreed, fearing for their loved ones' lives. At the end of the day, Alexis (Nancy Lee Grahn) walks into Wyndemere, stopping dead in her tracks when she sees Robin and Nikolas in a very delicate position on the couch. The two brush it off as though it is nothing, but Alexis is clearly suspicious. Robin and Patrick are reunited following an almost deadly confrontation with Mr Craig. Once Nik is in the clear for good, Robin and Patrick go home together.

After a few months of being together, happy and in love, Robin has a pregnancy scare. Although the test is negative, she realizes she wants different things from life than Patrick. She wants more from him (children), while he is happy just the way they are. They eventually break up. Robin wants to be a mother and decides to be a single mom. She and her friend, Dr. Kelly Lee (Minae Noji), put a list of possible sperm donors together. Robin picks people in Port Charles, because she feels that they have redeeming qualities she will like to pass on to her child, and does not like the idea of her child's father being a stranger. On November 30, 2007, Patrick tells Robin that he still loves and misses her. He just wants them to be together again and asks her to table the discussion of children for a year, and while she has stated that she has never been happier than when she was with him, she knows nothing would be different in a year - she would still want kids and he would not, to which he sadly replies that she is probably right, but it would have been a great year.

Robin is devastated by her cousin Georgie's (Lindze Letherman) death in December 2007. After Georgie's funeral and Maxie's (Kirsten Storms) horrible outburst at Felicia (Kristina Wagner), she seeks comfort in Patrick's arms, because he truly knows her and sees her as she truly is, and tells him that it is not about getting back together, or a baby or even sex, but that she just wants him to hold her. Caught in a moment, they end up making love. That night, a condom breaks and Robin becomes pregnant, although she is unaware of this until weeks later. Dr. Kelly Lee tells Robin that the date of conception would have to be sometime around Christmas, which was around the time when Patrick and Robin had sex. Robin, worried that Patrick now has HIV, is about to tell him, but when she walks into the locker room she hears Dr. Julian tell Patrick that the HIV test he took (after he realizes that the condom had broken when he and Robin had sex) has come back negative. With the news that Patrick is not infected, Robin makes up her mind not to tell Patrick about the pregnancy just yet. Robin later blurts out to Patrick that she is pregnant, but leaves out the fact that he is the father. She tells him that she went to a sperm bank and that she does not know who her baby's father is. Although he thinks she is having a baby with someone else, Patrick cannot stay away from Robin or her child. After several occurrences, Patrick slowly realizes that he may in fact be the father of her baby. After they have a heart to heart, however, and Patrick asks about the paternity of the baby. Robin admits he is the father. But even though she is pregnant, Robin cannot let go of the fact that he never wanted children. Arguments and resentment builds from both sides- Patrick wanting to be a part of his child's life, Robin telling him it's her baby that he never wanted. Eventually, being confronted by her past—remembering how wrong she believed Carly was to keep baby Michael's paternity from AJ (Billy Warlock), or even her own mother keeping her away from her father the first 6 years of her life—Patrick and Robin forgave one another and started the movement up again in their own relationship. Over time, Patrick and Robin grow even closer and Patrick falls even more in love with Robin, and with the child he never wanted.

Robin's mother comes back on a leave from her spy duties to help care for Robin until the birth of her grandchild. Patrick realizes what Robin and this baby truly mean to him and knows that he wants them to be a family in every sense of the word, but Robin still has concerns. Although Robin states that Patrick could see his child as much as he wants, she does not believe he is fully committed or prepared to give up his bachelorhood for a family. He takes her to court and only after his moving testimony does she realize Patrick truly wants this, her and their child, their family. They wait for their baby as a happy, loving committed couple. On August 12, 2008, Patrick and Robin learn their baby is a girl. As Patrick goes into full panicked father mode, Robin tries to calm him down. Later, when Patrick sees Robin with Jason, he expresses his concern that he does not want his child to be around such a dangerous target and Robin agrees.

On August 21, 2008, Robin catches Patrick and Epiphany (Sonya Eddy) in some sort of cahoots against her. She thinks that they are conspiring to convince her to start her maternity leave early. She then goes to meet with a patient, when Patrick gets on the PA system and declares his love for Robin. Robin rushes to the nurses' station. Patrick proposes in front of all of their friends and other loved ones. While everyone is looking at Robin, she becomes so overwhelmed and leaves, leaving Patrick devastated. Patrick follows her to the park, where she is crying. She does not want him to marry her only because she is pregnant with his child, and although he states he wants to marry her for her, she still says no. She tells him that she loves him, but that she cannot marry him, and walks away, leaving Patrick heartbroken.

Patrick continues to try to convince Robin to marry him to no avail. Robin has a health scare and goes into early labor. They manage to stop the labor and Patrick promises to stop pressuring her about getting married.

In true Robin and Patrick fashion, they cannot get on the same page - just when Robin realizes she does want to marry him, Patrick has finally accepted the fact that she does not. Mac arrests Patrick and locks the two of them in the PCPD interrogation Room, forcing them to talk. Patrick proposes again and Robin finally says yes. They decide to marry before their daughter is born, and their wedding is set for October 29, 2008. Patrick, thinking he has all the time in the world, decides to go into the hospital to do last minute rounds. He cuts it close, but signs out on time. However, just as he is about to leave, Anthony Zacchara (Bruce Weitz) is brought in with a stroke and needs emergency surgery. Matt (Jason Cook), Patrick's newly found half brother who's also a neurosurgeon, offers to perform it, but Patrick is afraid that should something go wrong the Zaccharas would go after his brother. Meanwhile, back at the church, everyone waits for Patrick's arrival impatiently and believing that he has a case of cold feet and has left his fiancée at the altar. Robin is the only one who had no fears and no doubts and is certain beyond a shadow of a doubt that Patrick will be there. Patrick comes running in after a successful surgery and apologizes for his lateness, but Robin is cool-headed; she knew he would be there. Mac walks her down the aisle, as her father Robert is still getting treatment for his cancer overseas.

Just before their vows are exchanged, Robin's water breaks and she goes into labor. After having a complicated delivery, Robin delivers their daughter, Emma Grace Scorpio Drake. While there is an HIV scare involving a nick on baby Emma's ear, her tests come back negative. As soon as they receive the good news, Robin falls into a coma and is diagnosed with Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Robin regains consciousness a couple of days later to see Patrick holding Emma on the foot of the hospital bed. After she regains consciousness, Anna convinces her to keep fighting because Emma needs her mother. Robin & Patrick go home with the baby after she recovers. Once they get home, Robin becomes depressed believing Emma only cries with her. On Thanksgiving, Robin and Patrick set another wedding date for just after Christmas, not wanting their wedding to interfere with their daughter's first Christmas.

2009–12
Robert returns from Switzerland after his colon cancer's gone into remission, right before Christmas. Anna returns from a mission around the same time. This time, Robert walks his daughter down the aisle and Robin asks Anna to be her maid of honor (as opposed to Maxie who had the honors the first time). Patrick asks his brother, Dr. Matt Hunter, to be his best man (in place of Coleman who stood up for him last time). On December 26, the wedding goes off without a hitch. No shootings, no delays, no drama. Just love and romance and happiness.

Unfortunately, Robin unknowingly suffers from postpartum depression (PPD). Robin's behavior becomes increasingly erratic and it takes a long time before Robin acknowledges that she has a problem. She starts seeing a psychiatrist and taking medication. But once she starts feeling better, Robin believes that she's cured and throws away her medication without her doctor's knowledge. Patrick finds out and stages an intervention where Robin's confronted by her doctor, family and friends. Robin finally admits that she needs more help and leaves home to get treatment at an inpatient facility.

She returns once her treatment's completed and apologizes for what she's put Patrick through. Robin asks him if they can fix their relationship. Patrick assures her that she's the center of their family's life. He says that though what they've gone through is not going to be his favorite chapter of the 'Robin & Patrick saga', there's nothing to fix because what happened was beyond her control. They finally get a chance to really talk. Patrick reassures Robin of how invested he is in their life together. The two say "I love you" to each other and they go home together where Robin reunites with Emma with whom she can now bond. For a while, Robin's so attached to Emma that she actually contemplates not going back to work. Even Maxie notices and comments about how before Robin didn't even want to touch Emma, but now Patrick can't pry the baby out of her hands.

But Robin's hard-earned happiness is interrupted when Patrick and his brother face a malpractice suit in the death of the mayor's mistress, Brianna Hughes, after an emergency surgery. Playing detective, Robin aids Patrick in proving that Brianna was murdered by the mayor's wife.

Robin and Patrick host Thanksgiving dinner for the family at their new house. Though Patrick is initially kept in the dark, Robin plots with Kristina Davis (Lexi Ainsworth) and Molly Lansing (Haley Pullos) to set up their mother, Alexis Davis with Robin's Uncle Mac. Robin tells a skeptical Sam that the two guests of honor had very obvious chemistry at Maxie's "nonwedding" to Damian Spinelli (Bradford Anderson). But Alexis and Mac realize something is afoot and tell the girls it is a waste of time. Matt also attends the dinner, unexpectedly bringing along Dr. Lisa Niles (Brianna Brown), an ex-girlfriend of Patrick's who is town. Patrick gives her a warm hug and Robin, though surprised, tells Lisa she is welcome. Maxie, nursing influenza, misses the family event.

Robin counsels Elizabeth Webber (Rebecca Herbst), who is having a secret affair with Nikolas Cassadine, but is engaged to Lucky Spencer (Jonathan Jackson), to be truthful about how she feels.

In 2009 Patrick's former college girlfriend comes to town and the two strike up a flirtation; when Robin and Patrick start to have problems Robin begins to pull away from him.  A few months later Robin decides to go to Africa despite Patrick's protestations. In July 2010 while Robin is in Africa, Patrick gets drunk with Lisa after a successful surgery and the two have a one-night stand; Patrick immediately feels guilty and realizes his love for Robin when she comes home from Africa a few days early.  The trouble continues when Carly Corinthos Jacks overhears Patrick and Lisa talking about their one night stand and counsels Patrick to keep it secret from Robin.  Matters go from bad to worse when Lisa begins exhibiting strange behavior and even breaks into Patrick and Robin's house and cuts her face out of their wedding picture.

After being kidnapped by Lisa, Robin discovers Patrick's affair with Lisa and leaves him, completely heartbroken. However, when Lisa's obsession with Patrick spirals out of control to the extent where she attempts to murder Robin on several occasions, Robin and Patrick band together for Emma's sake to expose Lisa, and begin taking steps to repair their relationship. After the death of Jake Spencer, Robin apologizes for holding his betrayal against him for so long and asks him to come home so they can be a family again.

On February 21, 2012, Robin Scorpio-Drake died in an explosion at the hospital. Staying true to her medical oath she went into the lab to retrieve the serum for Jason Morgan's protocol. Patrick watched helplessly as the lab exploded with his wife trapped inside. The first person he told was her mother Anna.

On March 26, Patrick received what he thought was Robin ashes, and he took them to the plot of land that they were going to build their dream home on to say goodbye to Robin. Patrick was having a hard time saying goodbye, and the next scene showed Robin alive and unconscious in a hospital bed in an undisclosed location.

2013–14
Patrick then pursues a relationship with Sabrina Santiago (Teresa Castillo).  They grow closer and he proposes to her. On Patrick's wedding day to Sabrina, Robin shows up. Emma sees her and they have a big reunion. Eventually, Patrick chooses Robin and they reunite in time to celebrate Christmas as a family with Emma. Robin applies to be the chief of staff, but is overlooked, after Obrecht secures the position, following her own deal with the WSB. Patrick and Robin find out Sabrina's pregnant, but she claims that Patrick is not the baby's father. Sabrina later admits to Patrick that the baby really is his, and Patrick and Robin agree to deal with the situation together. Robin then gets a visit from Victor Cassadine (Thaao Penghlis), who reveals he's the WSB director who arranged Obrecht's release. He tells Robin he wants her to revive his sister-in-law and nephew, Helena (Constance Towers) and Stavros Cassadine (Robert Kelker-Kelly). After refusing to help Victor, he reveals that he has also been holding Jason, and that Robin could revive him as well, if she helped in resurrecting Helena and Stavros. After meeting Jason's son, Danny Morgan, Robin agrees to help Victor so she can also save Jason. She says goodbye to Mac, Anna, Patrick and Emma and leaves town with Victor.

On August 5, 2014, Patrick runs into Robin at the Crichton-Clark Clinic. He was there with Sam, looking for answers on a former patient, Nina Clay (Michelle Stafford). Robin tells him that she can't leave the clinic. Patrick then see a cryogenic chamber, and he asks if Jason (Billy Miller) is in there. Robin says that it is Stavros, and that Jason is not there. She tells Patrick that Jason's organs were failing, and he soon died. Patrick then leaves after Robin says her work is more important than her family. Patrick soon files for divorce. It's revealed that Robin lied, and Jason is actually still alive. Victor threatened Robin into keeping quiet by having Rafe Kovich, Jr. (Jimmy Deshler) run Patrick's car off the road while he, Emma, and Sabrina were inside. Sabrina and Patrick's son, Gabriel, died as a result of the accident. Robin agrees to the divorce, despite being heartbroken.

Robin manages to revive Jason, but Victor betrays her, and separates the two of them. However, Jason ends up escaping from his guards, and rescues Robin. The two escape from the clinic, and make their way to Port Charles. The two separate to find help, but Robin ends up getting kidnapped by Helena again. She threatens Robin's family, and forces her to leave again and develop an immortality serum. Robin tells Patrick she's in Paris, and leaves town again.

2015–17
Patrick begins a relationship with Sam, and they get engaged. However, when Jason, Sam's husband, is revealed to be alive, Patrick realizes that he and Sam will not make it, and ends their engagement. Emma is devastated over Sam leaving, and asks for her mother. Patrick calls Robin, now being held hostage by Jerry Jacks after Helena's death. Robin desperately wants to see Emma after hearing her upset, but she's forced to end the call. Emma still demands to see Robin, and Patrick decides takes Emma to Paris to see Robin. However, when he gets there, Robin is nowhere to be found. He calls Robert and Anna for help, and the three make their way to Cassadine Island, where they're able to rescue Robin. The two come back to Port Charles with Emma, and start to heal their relationship after Patrick finds out just how far Robin went to keep her family safe. Eventually, the two of them get job offers in Berkeley, California, and decide to move there. Emma insists that her parents remarry before moving, and they agree. Patrick and Robin remarry with their family present, then leave with Emma to begin their new lives. Robin and Emma make periodic trips back to Port Charles, mostly for special occasions and holidays. During Robin's latest trip back to town, she reveals to her mother that she and Patrick are expecting their second child. In July 2017, Patrick and Robin welcomed a son, Noah Robert Scorpio-Drake, named after his grandfathers Noah Drake and Robert Scorpio.

Reception and impact
Patrick and Robin became one of daytime's most popular pairings within a year of their debut. In 2007, TV Guide named them one of soap opera's best supercouples. Los Angeles Times described them as "one of the mother ship's hottest new couples".

In early 2007, with daytime soap operas "in peril" and "in need" of rescuing, SOAPnet, a Disney-owned cable channel, embarked on "a mission to revive the genre in the evening hours". Their goal was to lure new fans, as well as old, and increase the ratings and interest for daytime dramas. General Hospital: Night Shift, a spinoff of General Hospital, was launched to achieve this, with Patrick and Robin as their primary characters and love story." "The show is being described as an episodic medical-mystery drama – think equal parts General Hospital and House," relayed Los Angeles Times. The move was considered "risky" by the network, but worth the risk. "We’re hoping to attract not just lapsed fans but viewers who aren't hooked on a soap yet," said Jill Farren Phelps, executive producer of the series and 20-year veteran producer. Of the decision to have the series focus on Patrick and Robin's romance, Ed Martin of the Jack Myers Report stated, "...it's a real treat to see two characters of such historical importance to General Hospital  be allowed to grow."

Daniel R. Coleridge, former TV Guide columnist and author of  The Q Guide to Soap Operas, said that power pairs like Patrick and Robin are precisely what is missing from the daytime genre. "What soaps lack isn't slapping or catfights. It's romance," he said. "Soaps are really devoid of good romance. There are no supercouples anymore."

In October 2008, Soaps In Depth named Patrick and Robin one of soap opera's 100 greatest couples.<ref
name="Soapsindepth.com"></ref> In December 2008, soap opera website Daytime Confidential named Patrick and Robin the #1 couple for 2008. Also, soapoperasource named them "Best Couple of 2008" and SOAPnet named their wedding as "Best GH Wedding" of 2008.

On Tuesday October 12, 2010, David Letterman named Patrick as #9 on President Barack Obama's Top Ten Enemies List for his affair with Lisa Niles.

See also
List of supercouples

References

General Hospital characters
Soap opera supercouples


Suwannee County Airport  is a public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) west of the central business district of the city of Live Oak in Suwannee County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned. The airport is host to the EAA Chapter 797 which currently operates many festivities in and around the airport. It is also home to the annual Wings Over Suwannee fly-in festival held during every Spring, which is a yearly event organized by several members of the EAA Chapter to expand the local public's use and knowledge of the airport as well as further the education of the next generation of pilots.

References

External links

Airports in Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Suwannee County, Florida


Mission furniture is a style of furniture that originated in the late 19th century. It traces its origins to a chair made by A.J. Forbes around 1894 for San Francisco's Swedenborgian Church. The term mission furniture was first popularized by Joseph P. McHugh of New York, a furniture manufacturer and retailer who copied these chairs and offered a line of stylistically related furnishings by 1898. The word mission references the Spanish missions throughout colonial California, though the design of most Mission Style furniture owed little to the original furnishings of these missions. The style became increasingly popular following the 1901 Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. The style was popularly associated with the American Arts and Crafts movement.

Design philosophy
Mission style is a design that emphasizes simple horizontal and vertical lines and flat panels that accentuate the grain of the wood (often oak, especially quartersawn  white oak). People were looking for relief after the excesses of Victorian times and the influx of mass-produced furniture from the Industrial Revolution. The furniture maker Gustav Stickley produced  Arts and Crafts furniture often referred to as being in the Mission Style, though Stickley dismissed the term as misleading. This was plain oak furniture that was upright, solid, and suggestive of entirely handcrafted work, though in the case of Stickley and his competitors, was constructed within a factory by both machine and handworking techniques.

Influential people and companies
Many designers and companies played an important role in the development of the design over the years. Gustav Stickley, L. & J.G. Stickley, Stickley Brothers, Charles Limbert, Grand Rapids Bookcase and Chair Company (Lifetime), The Shop of the Crafters and Ford Johnson.

See also
 Craftsman furniture

References

History of furniture
American Craftsman architecture
Arts and Crafts movement


Brachyopidae is an extinct family of temnospondyl labyrinthodonts. They evolved in the early Mesozoic and were mostly aquatic. A fragmentary find from Lesotho, Africa is estimated to have been  long, the largest amphibian ever known to have lived besides Prionosuchus and Mastodontosaurus. Brachyopids were the only group of temnospondyls to survive into the Jurassic aside from their sister family Chigutisauridae. With records of the family from the Jurassic of Asia.

List of genera

Banksiops
Bathignathus
Batrachosaurus
Batrachosuchoides
Batrachosuchus
Brachyops
Gobiops
Notobrachyops
Platycepsion
Sinobrachyops
Vanastega
Xenobrachyops

References

External links
Brachyopidae at Palaeos.

Brachyopids
Amphibian families


Yukinobu is a masculine Japanese given name.

Possible writings
Yukinobu can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:

幸信, "happiness, believe"
幸伸, "happiness, extend"
幸延, "happiness, extend"
行信, "to go, believe"
行伸, "to go, extend"
行延, "to go, extend"
之信, "of, believe"
之伸, "of, extend"
之宣, "of, announce"
志信, "determination, believe"
志伸, "determination, extend"
志延, "determination, extend"
恭信, "respectful, believe"
恭伸, "respectful, extend"
雪信, "snow, believe"

The name can also be written in hiragana ゆきのぶ or katakana ユキノブ.

Notable people with the name

, Japanese manga artist
 Yukinobu Ike (池 透暢, born 1980), Japanese paralympic athlete
 Yukinobu Kiyohara (清原 雪信, 1643–1682), Kanō-school artist, and niece and apprentice to Kanō Tan'yū
 Yukinobu Nanbu (南部 行信, 1642–1702), Japanese daimyō
Yukinobu Shimabukuro (島袋 幸信, born 1942), Japanese karateka
 Yukinobu Yanagawa (柳川 雪信, birth and death unknown), Japanese ukiyo-e artist

Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names


The second season of the Reborn! anime television series compiles episodes 34 through 65. The second season aired in Japan from June 2, 2007 to January 12, 2008 on TV Tokyo. Titled as Katekyō Hitman Reborn! in Japan, the Japanese television series was directed by Kenichi Imaizumi, and produced and animated by Artland. The plot, based on the Reborn! manga by Akira Amano, follows the life of Tsunayoshi "Tsuna" Sawada, the candidate to be the Mafia boss of the Vongola Famiglia, who must fight against a group of assassins called the Varia who wants to get their leader Xanxus to become the Vongola boss. In order to help Tsuna, some of his friends become guardians for the Vongola to fight the Varia.

Six pieces of theme music are used for the episodes: two opening themes and four ending themes. The first opening theme is LM.C's "Boys and Girls", while in episode 52 it is changed to Cherryblossom's "Dive to World". The first ending theme is Splay's "Echo Again" until episode thirty-eight, then Idoling's "Friend" until episode fifty-one. Two of the anime's voice actors, Takashi Kondō and Toshinobu Iida, provided their voices for the fifth ending theme, "Sakura Addiction", which is used for episodes fifty-two to sixty-two. That is followed by Lead's "STAND UP!" for the remainder of the season.

Marvelous Entertainment released the season onto eight DVD compilations separated into "Battle" volumes, with each containing a total of four episodes. The Battle volumes were released from November 30, 2007 to June 27, 2008, and contained episodes 34 to 65. On March 21, 2009, Japan's d-rights production company collaborated with the anime-streaming website called Crunchyroll in order to begin streaming subbed episodes of the Japanese-dubbed series worldwide. New episodes are available to everyone a week after its airing in Japan.

Episode list

References
General

Specific

External links
 Official Reborn! website
 TV Tokyo's official anime website

2007 Japanese television seasons
2008 Japanese television seasons
Season 2


Panagiotis "Takis" Miliadis (; 26 September 1922 - 14 April 1985) was a Greek actor who is known for his comedic acting roles.

Biography
Takis Miliadis was born in Athens, Greece on 26 September 1922 into a theatrical and musical family. As his father, Nikos, was an actor in musical theatre, and his mother, Marika Anthopoulou, was an opera singer, he was intensely exposed to theatrical acting during his childhood. His parents wanted him to become a doctor. Although he attended the University Medical School and finished it, he preferred to study theatre and become an actor. He studied theatre during the German Occupation, attending the school of the great acting teachers Kostas Bastias and Dimitris Rontiris. Later, he was characterised as the 'Maurice Chevalier' of Greece. Miliadis married three times, first to Betty Moschona and then to Sasa Kazeli. Finally, he married Paraskevi Kollias and together they raised a son, Marios Miliadis.

Miliadis graduated from the University of Athens Medical School. Throughout his career, Miliadis has played roles in films and theatre. During his theatrical career, he earned great reviews from critics. At one point in his life he worked in Germany as a radio presenter, as part of a Greek-language broadcast.

Other than theatricals, films, radio and television broadcasts, he also did many refreshments in the Athens-Piraues time, with several number of reviews. He was one of the starring hosts in the Sunday television show Haroumeni Kyriaki, Kyriaki horis sinnefa (Χαρούμενη Κυριακή, Κυριακή χωρίς σύννεφα = Happy Sunday, Sunday without Clouds) [1972, ΕΙΡΤ (today ERT1)] in which he performed theatrical sketches and acts.

Death
On 12 April 1985 Miliadis was involved in a car crash near his home in Ioannina. He survived the incident but he was left fatally wounded and he eventually succumbed to his injuries two days later.

Filmography

References

Antonios Prekas, Like the Old Cinema (Σαν Παλιό Σινεμά = San Palio Cinema) Syghronoi Orizontes, 2003, pg 195-209

External links

1922 births
1986 deaths
Male actors from Athens
Greek male film actors
20th-century Greek male actors
Road incident deaths in Greece


Herbert Edward William Buckle (28 October 1924 – 14 June 1990) was an English footballer who played as an outside forward for Manchester United, Everton and Exeter City in the late 1940s and 1950s. At the end of his career, he also had the role of player-manager at Prestatyn, and temporarily came out of retirement to play for Dolgellau in the 1961–62 season.

Born in Southwark, Greater London, Buckle joined the Royal Navy at the age of 18 and participated in the closing stages of the Second World War. While playing for the Navy football team, Buckle was spotted by Manchester United, who signed him on an amateur contract soon after the war ended. He turned professional a month later, and scored on his professional debut against Charlton Athletic on 4 January 1947. In his first season, he scored four goals in seven games, but with Jimmy Delaney and Charlie Mitten in the United side, Buckle remained a fringe player at the club and was transferred to Everton in November 1949.

He flourished at Everton, scoring 31 goals in 97 games over the span of a five-and-a-half-year career with the Toffees. In 1955, at the age of 30, Buckle was transferred to Exeter City, where he played as a first team regular for two seasons, making 65 appearances. He also spent one season at Wigan Athletic, scoring 11 goals in 20 Lancashire Combination appearances. He later took the post of player-manager at Prestatyn, but he retired not long after. However, he did come out of retirement for one season in 1961 to play for Dolgellau in the Welsh league.

Buckle died on 14 June 1990 at the age of 65.

References

External links
Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
Profile at MUFCInfo.com

1924 births
1990 deaths
Footballers from Southwark
English men's footballers
Manchester United F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Men's association football outside forwards
Royal Navy personnel of World War II


The 2008 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team's head coach was Todd Graham, in his second year at Tulsa. They played home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium in Tulsa, Oklahoma and competed in the West Division of Conference USA (C-USA).

Schedule

Game summaries

UAB

North Texas

New Mexico

UCA

Rice

SMU

UTEP

UCF

Arkansas

Houston

Tulane

Marshall

East Carolina

Ball State

References

Tulsa
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football seasons
68 Ventures Bowl champion seasons
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football


Rhinesuchidae is a family of tetrapods that lived primarily in the Permian period. They belonged to the broad group Temnospondyli, a successful and diverse collection of semiaquatic tetrapods which modern amphibians are probably descended from. Rhinesuchids can be differentiated from other temnospondyls by details of their skulls, most notably the interior structure of their otic notches at the back of the skull. They were among the earliest-diverging members of the Stereospondyli, a subgroup of temnospondyls with flat heads and aquatic habits. Although more advanced stereospondyls evolved to reach worldwide distribution in the Triassic period, rhinesuchids primarily lived in the high-latitude environments of Gondwana (what is now South America and Africa) during the Guadalupian and Lopingian epochs of the Permian. The taxonomy of this family has been convoluted, with more than twenty species having been named in the past; a 2017 review recognized only eight of them (distributed among seven genera) to be valid. While several purported members of this group have been reported to have lived in the Triassic period, most are either dubious or do not belong to the group. However, at least one valid genus of rhinesuchid is known from the early Triassic, a small member known as Broomistega. The most recent formal definition of Rhinesuchidae, advocated by Mariscano et al. (2017) is that of a stem-based clade containing all taxa more closely related to Rhinesuchus whaitsi than to Lydekkerina huxleyi or Peltobatrachus pustulatus. A similar alternate definition is that Rhinesuchidae is a stem-based clade containing all taxa more closely related to Uranocentrodon senekalensis than to Lydekkerina huxleyi, Trematosaurus brauni, or Mastodonsaurus giganteus.

Description
Rhinesuchids generally had a conventional body type for tetrapods, with four limbs and a moderately long tail. In addition, their bodies were also somewhat elongated and their limbs were small and weak but still rather well-developed. Some were very large, up to 3 meters (10 feet) in length. Like most stereospondyls, their skulls were flattened and triangular, with upward-pointing eyes. Most rhinesuchids had relatively short snouts, although the snout of Australerpeton was very long and thin. The only other giant long-snouted Permian amphibians were members of the family Archegosauridae, such as Prionosuchus and Konzhukovia.

Otic notch

Like most ancient amphibians, rhinesuchids had a pair of indentations at the rear edge of the skull known as otic notches. While sometimes considered to have housed hearing organs such as a tympanum (eardrum), these notches are more likely to have held spiracles, fleshy holes used for breathing. Rhinesuchids can be characterized by a unique system of ridges and grooves within the inner cavity of each otic notch. The walls of the otic notch cavity (sometimes referred to as a tympanic cavity) are mainly made up of the ascending branch of the pterygoid bones. Nevertheless, the inside edge of each cavity is formed by a tabular bone. The tabular bones are a pair of triangular bones along the rear edge of the skull which form pointed structures known as tabular horns. The upper part of the outer wall of the cavity is also formed partly from the squamosal bones, which mostly occupy the flat upper face of the skull. The portion of the squamosal which forms the cavity wall is separated by the portion outside of the cavity by a pronounced boundary known as a falciform crest.

The outer wall of the cavity has a long and pronounced groove, known as a stapedial groove, which extends lengthwise along the wall. The lower edge of the groove is formed by a ridge/crest known as an oblique ridge, although it has also been called a crista obliqua, otic flange, or simply an oblique crest. The upper edge of the stapedial groove is formed by another ridge/crest bordering the squamosal bone, which Eltink et al. (2016) named the 'dorsal pterygoid crest'. However, Mariscano et al. (2017) preferred to use the name "lamella" for this structure so that it would not be confused with a different ridge present in lydekkerinids, which is sometimes termed an 'oblique crest of the pterygoid', but more commonly called a 'tympanic crest'. Confusingly enough, many rhinesuchids are also known to possess a tympanic crest. This ridge was positioned further back than the other ridges (near the intersection of the pterygoid, quadrate, and squamosal bones) and extends down along the rear face of the cheek. The inner edge of the outer wall of the cavity was formed by a ledge which most studies simply label 'membrane'. This convention exists as a result of the old and likely incorrect hypothesis that otic notches housed eardrums. Under this hypothesis, the inner ledge may have attached to a membrane stretching along the inner cavity of the ear.

This combination of otic cavity grooves and ridges is unique to rhinesuchids. The lamella and stapedial groove are unknown in any other groups, although they are present in practically every rhinesuchid (except Broomistega, which lacks a lamella). The tympanic crest is present in most rhinesuchids but absent in a few, and it is additionally present in lydekkerinids. The oblique ridge/crest and falciform crest are present in most other stereospondyls (although the former is less well-developed), while the 'membrane' ledge is present in practically every stereospondylomorph.

Palate and braincase
Various bones and openings comprised the palate (roof of the mouth) in rhinesuchids, as in other amphibians. At the tip of the palate lied the vomers, while the areas near the edge of the mouth were made of the palatine and ectopterygoid bones. In the middle of the rear part of the mouth was a rectangular bone known as a parasphenoid. Most of the parasphenoid formed the lower face of the flattened braincase, although it also possesses a thin forward-projecting rod known as a cultriform process, which extends down the midline of the skull to meet the vomers. Towards the back of the mouth, there were the multi-pronged pterygoid bones on each side of the skull. Each pterygoid had several branches, including the posterior branch which stretches back and to the side of the skull, the short medial branch which extends inwards and connects to the parasphenoid bone, an ascending branch which projects upwards to form the otic notch, and finally the anterior branch which extends forward along the palatine and ectopterygoid. The pterygoids of most rhinesuchids have very long anterior branches. In most members of this family, the anterior branch reaches as far forward as the vomers, although Australerpeton has relatively short anterior branches. A pair of large openings, known as interpterygoid vacuities, fill the areas between these bones, making the majority of the palate open space.

When seen from behind, the upper branches of the braincase (paroccipital processes) extends from side to side, partially concealing the ascending branch of the pterygoids. Each paroccipital process is also perforated by a small hole, known as post-temporal fenestrae. These holes are very thin in rhinesuchids. Above these paroccipital processes lie the otic notches as well as the tabular bones. The paroccipital processes also point backwards to some extent, forming horns which in some rhinesuchids are slightly longer than those of the tabulars. When seen from below, the most prominent portion of the braincase is the parasphenoid bone. The rear corners of the parasphenoid have small 'pockets' bordered by ridges (known as crista muscularis). These ridges may have anchored muscles capable of maneuvering the head on the neck.

Other skull and jaw features
Many bones made up the upper side of the skull, although a particular pair of bones acquired a specific design in rhinesuchids. These bones were the elongated jugal and prefrontal bones, which formed the front edge of the orbits (eye holes). In most rhinesuchids, the edge between the two bones possessed a 'stepped' shape, with a triangular outer extension of the prefrontal pushing the suture with the jugal towards a more lateral (outwards) position. However, the suture is more straight in Australerpeton, like in other stereospondyls.

The lower jaw has a pair of holes only visible from the inside edge of the jaw. The larger hole at the rear part of the bone complex, known as a posterior Meckelian foramen, was thin and elongated in rhinesuchids. An additional hole on the underside of the jaw joint is only visible from below. This hole, the chorda tympanic foramen, was large in this family. On the upper side of the jaw joint, a thin groove known as an arcadian groove stretches towards the lingual (tongue) side of the jaw and separates other bony bumps located among the jaw joint. As a whole, the grooves and ridges of the jaw joint were poorly developed in rhinesuchids compared to that of many other stereospondyl groups, instead resembling the simple joint of archegosaurids such as Melosaurus.

Paleobiology
Most rhinesuchids are only known from skull material, although a few members of the group (Uranocentrodon, Broomistega, and Australerpeton, for example) include specimens preserving a significant portion of the rest of the skeleton. A juvenile specimen of Broomistega had ankles and vertebrae which were poorly ossified, indicating that its joints had a large amount of cartilaginous material to supplement the low amount of bone. This trait is often correlated with an aquatic lifestyle. Features of the skull, such as upwards-pointing eyes, also support this hypothesis.

Despite this support for an aquatic lifestyle, other pieces of evidence show that rhinesuchids were capable of some terrestrial movement. Although rhinesuchids did not possess any adaptations for digging, the poorly-ossified juvenile specimen of Broomistega was found in a flooded burrow which was also inhabited by a Thrinaxodon. Various conditions of the way these animals were preserved indicate that they co-inhabited the burrow peacefully, likely to survive a drought by aestivating (staying in a dormant state during hot and dry conditions). The fact that a Broomistega was able to enter the burrow of a terrestrial animal such as Thrinaxodon indicates that rhinesuchids were not exclusively aquatic.

In addition, it has been noted that larger temnospondyls generally have more well-ossified joints. For example, large specimens of Australerpeton possessed robust hips, several completely bony ankle bones, and ossified pleurocentra (part of the vertebrae). Nevertheless, these skeletons were not as strongly built as those of Eryops (a supposedly terrestrial temnospondyl), with smaller shoulder girdles and less prominent sites for muscle attachment. Dias & Schultz (2003) suggested that the lifestyle of Australerpeton (and presumably other rhinesuchids) was that of a semiaquatic piscivore (fish-eater), preferring to hunt in shallow bodies of freshwater yet retaining the ability to walk on land during droughts.

A Histological study of several indeterminate rhinesuchid fossils (referred to Rhinesuchus) indicate that members of the family grew seasonally, as in modern amphibians. Individuals also had fairly long life span, with one specimen being 30 to 35 years old at the time of its death based on the number of lines of arrested growth (rings in the bone used to tell age, like tree rings) present in a hip fragment. Some lines of arrested growth were very narrow, indicating that the individuals could reduce their growth and metabolism during times of hardship. This ability may be the reason why rhinesuchids were rather successful at the end of the Permian, as well as how a few small members of the group survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event.

Gills
Three rows of tiny bones (branchial ossicles) covered with thin tooth-like structures (branchial denticles) have been preserved near the neck of one specimen of Uranocentrodon. These bones almost certainly attached to the branchial arches of gills while the animal was alive. Although such bones are rare among stereospondyls and unknown in any other rhinesuchids, this may simply be due to the fact that the bones of other genera were preserved in more rough-grained sediments where such delicate bones could be broken or difficult to find.

Although evidently Uranocentrodon had gills of some kind, it is difficult to determine what kind of gills they were. On the one hand, they could have been internal gills like those of fish, which were hardly visible from the outside of the body. On the other hand, they could have been stalk-like external gills like those of modern salamander larvae or even neotenic adult salamanders such as the mudpuppy or axolotl. External gills had to have evolved from internal gills sometime during amphibian evolution, although the precise location of this transition is controversial. The gill-supporting bones preserved in ancient amphibians show many similarities with those of fish gills and salamander gills. Paleontologists who prefer comparing ancient tetrapods to modern amphibians generally find many similarities between the fossil bones and modern salamander gill bones. On the other hand, paleontologists who compare fossil tetrapods to fossil fish consider the bones to correlate with internal gills. This conundrum, known as Bystrow's paradox, has made it difficult to assess gills in ancient amphibians such as Uranocentrodon, as different paleontologists come to different conclusions based on their field of study.

Bystrow's paradox was finally resolved by a 2010 study, which found that grooved ceratobrachnial structures (components of the branchial arches) are correlated with internal gills. Ancient tetrapods which preserved grooved ceratobranchials, such as the dvinosaur Dvinosaurus, probably only had internal gills as adults. Nevertheless, external gills have been directly preserved as soft tissue in some temnospondyls. However, these situations only occur in larval specimens or members of specialized groups such as the branchiosaurids. One living species of lungfish (Lepidosiren) has external gills as larvae which transform into internal gills as adults. Despite adult dvinosaur specimens having skeletal features correlated with internal gills, some larval specimens of another dvinosaur, Isodectes preserved soft tissue external gills. Thus, the gill development of dvinosaurs (and presumably other temnospondyls, such as Uranocentrodon) mirrored that of Lepidosiren. Despite this feature likely being an example of convergent evolution (as other lungfish exclusively possessed internal gills), it still remains a useful gauge for how temnospondyl gills developed. The study's writers concluded that the gills of temnospondyls (including Uranocentrodon and other rhinesuchids which may have possessed gills) were probably internal (like those of a fish) as an adult, but external (like those of a salamander) as a larva.

Body armor
One Uranocentrodon skeleton also preserved large patches of bony scutes or scales around the body. The scutes which would have been on the belly of the animal were arranged in parallel diagonal rows which converged at the midline of the body and diverged as the rows stretched towards the tail. Each scute had a ridge running down the middle, and the scutes further towards the midline overlapped the ones further out. Along the midline, a row of flat and wide scales stretched from the throat to the tail. While these belly scales were made of bone, scales on other parts of the body had less bone structure and were probably made of keratin instead. The scales on the sides of the body were flatter and smaller than the bony belly scutes. The scutes on the back of the body were similar, although more rounded in shape, with a few larger scutes near the midline. The scales of the hind limbs and the underside of the hip region were similar to those of the back, although no integument was preserved on the forelimbs or tail. Thus, it is likely that at least the tail was unarmored and only covered with naked skin.

Scales have also been preserved in Australerpeton specimens. They are similar in distribution to those of Uranocentrodon, but are generally rounder in shape. They also possessed a honeycomb-like internal structure and histological features which indicate that they were deeply embedded in skin. Therefore, it is unlikely that they would have been visible from the outside of the body. It cannot be determined whether the scales or scutes of rhinesuchids would have enabled or restricted cutaneous respiration (breathing through the skin as in modern amphibians). Other potential applications of the scales included protection against predators, retaining water during droughts, and possibly even for storing calcium when conditions are harsh (a technique used by female African crocodiles).This last hypothesis is the least likely, as rhinesuchids did not lay hard-shelled eggs, which is the reason female crocodiles need to store calcium.

Classification
When the family was first named in 1919, Rhinesuchidae was already recognized as a group of basal stereospondyls, a position which it retains even in the present day. Among the traits used to support this position include the fact that most rhinesuchids had long anterior branches of their pterygoids. More advanced stereospondyls had shorter anterior branches. In 1947, Alfred Romer placed the family (which he believed only included Rhinesuchus) in a broad superfamily which he called Rhinesuchoidea. Rhinesuchoidea was intended to be part of an evolutionary grade of temnospondyls linking "primitive" rhachitomes such as Eryops to "advanced" stereospondyls such as metoposaurs and trematosaurs. This grade, termed "neorhachitomes", was separated into Capitosauroidea (which contained capitosaurs and "benthosuchids") and Rhinesuchoidea. Apart from containing Rhinesuchidae, Rhinesuchoidea also contained various genera as well as the families Lydekkerinidae, Sclerothoracidae, and finally Uranocentrodontidae. Romer felt that certain taxa (i.e. Uranocentrodon and the possibly synonymous dubious genus "Laccocephalus") often considered rhinesuchids were best placed in the separate family Uranocentrodontidae, while others (i.e. Rhinesuchoides) were not placed in any rhinesuchoid family in particular. Other families were later placed in this Rhinesuchoidea, such as Rhinecepidae in 1966 and Australerpetonidae in 1998.

The arrival of cladistics in the late 20th century has caused grades to fall out of favor in recent years, replaced by clades, which are defined by close relations rather than ancestral assemblages. However, the basic idea behind Rhinesuchoidea, which states that advanced stereospondyls descended from animals similar to rhinesuchids, is still considered valid. Rhinecepidae and Uranocentrodontidae were found to be synonymous with Rhinesuchidae according to a 2000 analysis by Schoch and Milner. One study placed Rhinesuchidae within the superfamily Capitosauroidea. However, this interpretation has not been followed by other studies which consider rhinesuchids to be more basal than capitosaurs. Australerpetonidae, a monotypic family only containing the genus Australerpeton, has been more difficult to compare to Rhinesuchidae. Some studies place Australerpeton as a basal stereospondyl outside of Rhinesuchidae, while others consider it an archegosaurid outside of Stereospondyli entirely.

A comprehensive review of Australerpeton published by Eltink et al. (2016) favored the hypothesis that it was deeply nested within Rhinesuchidae. A phylogenetic study performed as part of the study split the family into two clades. One clade was a subfamily termed Rhinesuchinae. Rhinesuchinae contains Rhinesuchus and Rhineceps. This subfamily is mainly characterized by features of the palate, such as an anterior branch of the pterygoid lacking ridges and palatine bones covered in tiny denticles. The other main clade of the family contained Uranocentrodon as well as another subfamily termed Australerpetinae. This clade is united by the presence of a tympanic crest and a foramen magnum (the hole for the spinal cord at the back of the braincase) which has a curved upper edge. Australerpetinae is a modified version of Australerpetonidae which has been reduced to subfamily status in order to fit within Rhinesuchidae. This subfamily contains Australerpeton, Broomistega, Laccosaurus, and Rhinesuchoides. Members of this subfamily had somewhat longer and more tapered snouts than other Rhinesuchids, although (according to Eltink et al..) their pterygoids had short anterior branches, letting the palatine bones contact the interpterygoid vacuities. The most parsimonious (evolutionarily simplest) tree found by Eltink et al. (2016) is seen below:

The structure of Rhinesuchidae following Eltink et al.'s study was challenged by a different study on rhinesuchids published less than a year later. This study, Mariscano et al.. (2017), agreed that Australerpeton was a rhinesuchid, but considered it the most basal member of the family. They disagree with Eltink et al.'s recognition of short anterior pterygoid branches in multiple genera. According to their analysis, only Australerpeton possessed this trait, the main feature which separates it from the rest of Rhinesuchidae. Other traits which support this separation include the fact that other rhinesuchids have stepped jugal-prefrontal contact and toothless coronoid bones in the lower jaw. The rest of the family was poorly resolved in their phylogenetic analysis, although three clades did have moderate Bremer support values of 2.

Bremer support is gauged by counting the number of times analyzed traits are acquired, lost, or reacquired within a family tree. Some family trees include more of these transitions than others, meaning that some possible trees assumed that more than the bare minimum amount of evolution had taken place. The family tree with the fewest of these 'steps' (transitions) is likely to be the most accurate, based on the principal of occam's razor (the simplest answer is the most accurate). Bremer support is used to label how well-supported clades are by analyzing how they are distributed among more complex alternatives to the simplest (most parsimonious) tree. Clades which do not exist in a family tree which is only one total step more complex than the MPT (most parsimonious tree) have a Bremer support of 1, meaning that the clade's existence is very uncertain. Even if the MPT of the present analysis supports their existence, new data may make a competing family tree more parsimonious, dissolving clades which are only supported in the current MPT. Other clades may have much higher Bremer support values, indicating that more drastic assumptions have to be formulated to render the clade invalid. Rhinesuchidae as a whole, for example, has a Bremer support of 6 in Mariscano et al. (2017), which is considered high support. A Bremer support of 2, as is the case with three specific clades in this analysis, is considered moderate. One of these clades included the two valid species of Rhinesuchoides, while another clade connected Rhineceps and Uranocentrodon, and the last contained Rhinesuchus and Laccosaurus. The arrangement of these clades (as well as the placement of Broomistega) could not be resolved with absolute confidence, with Bremer support values of only 1 regardless of where the three clades were placed among non-Australerpeton Rhinesuchidae. The most parsimonious tree found by Mariscano et al. (2017) is seen below:

Gallery

References

Stereospondyls
Permian temnospondyls
Triassic temnospondyls
Lopingian first appearances
Early Triassic extinctions


Sekkyô may refer to:

 Sawa Sekkyō, a Japanese ukiyo-e artist
 Sekkyô, a collection of Japanese poetry by Dakotsu Iida


David Saranga () (born February 18, 1964) is Israel's former ambassador in Romania. He served as the Senior Foreign Affairs Advisor to the President of the State of Israel, Reuven (Ruvi) Rivlin, and former Head of European Parliament Liaison Department at the Israeli embassy in Brussels. Prior to that he served as Consul for Media and Public Affairs of Israel in the United States.   Saranga was responsible for Israel's image in the United States and was the liaison person of Israel to the American media. The Jewish Chronicle described him as "The man whose campaigns are rebranding Israel."   Saranga's initiative to invite Maxim magazine to Israel generated debate about the definition of public diplomacy. Prof. John H. Brown of Georgetown University described this initiative as the first event in a new branch of Public Diplomacy. Saranga was the first diplomat who implemented Web 2.0 governmental initiatives, including the first official blog of a country, a MySpace page, YouTube channel, Facebook page and a political blog.

Saranga fielded questions on behalf of Israel in what was the first government worldwide press conference via Twitter to take questions from the public about the December 2008 war with Hamas.

In March 2008, former Time Out Tel Aviv editor David Kaufman wrote a feature story about Israel's branding project, where he profiled the wide range of initiatives Saranga launched during his tenure in New York.

Biography

Saranga was born in Tel Aviv. Prior to joining the Consulate in New York, Consul Saranga served as Deputy Spokesperson at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Jerusalem, and was responsible for all contacts with the foreign media based in Israel. During this period he was responsible for Israel's PR campaign around the International Court of Justice hearing in The Hague, regarding the Israeli West Bank barrier, and also was the person who coordinated and executed Christopher Reeve's visit to Israel in 2003.

Saranga has also served as the First Secretary for Media and Public Affairs at the Israel Embassy in Spain and as deputy ambassador at the Israel Embassy in Romania. He prepared for public service in the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he studied Diplomacy and Political Economy.
Saranga earned his B.A. degree from the Hebrew University Department of Social Sciences (1990), and he received his MBA degree from the Hebrew University Business School in 1993.

2008 Israeli war with Hamas

Saranga had a high profile during the Israeli airstrikes against Hamas. Particularly making headlines was Saranga's announcement that Israel would be the first government to hold a worldwide press conference via Twitter.  In what The Jerusalem Post called "Battlefront Twitter", Saranga answered questions from the public about the war with Hamas.

After recording artist Yusuf Islam, formerly Cat Stevens, dedicated a song to the children of Gaza, Saranga criticized that the song was not dedicated to all the children of the region, including Israeli children who are victims of the violence.

Publications
Essay: If dialogue is a crime, we are all guilty, Jerusalem Post, Published April 16, 2009.
The Israel-Gaza war, by the numbers, New York Daily News, Published January 9, 2009.
Promoting Israel in a Downturn, The Jewish Week, Published December 17, 2008.
'Dance,' he told him, 'dance', Ynet News, Published September 22, 2008.
Understanding Israel's Painful Decision, The Jewish Week, Published July 9, 2008.
El plan saudí y la seguridad de Israel, Embajada de Israel, March 2002.

References

Israeli consuls
Living people
1964 births
People from Tel Aviv


Lydekkerinidae is a family of stereospondyl temnospondyls that lived in the Early Triassic period. During this time period, lydekkerinids were widely distributed, with putative remains reported from Russia, Greenland, India, South Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and Antarctica. In contrast to most other stereospondyls, lydekkerinids were relatively small-bodied (most with skulls less than 10 cm in length). The type genus is Lydekkerina, the namesake of the family and the best-known lydekkerinid.

Description

The identification of features shared among lydekkerinids (synapomorphies) necessarily varies depending on which taxa are considered to belong to this group (see further in next section). In the most expansive concept, the family includes the eponymous Lydekkerina (and junior synonyms like 'Broomulus' and 'Limnoiketes'), Eolydekkerina from South Africa, Deltacephalus from Madagascar, Luzocephalus from Russia and Greenland (which includes the 'Aquiloniferus' of Bjerring (1999), which is largely refuted by other workers), Chomatobatrachus from Australia, and indeterminate records from Antarctica and India ('Indobenthosuchus' and 'Cryobatrachus'). However, most previous workers have not considered all of these taxa to be true lydekkerinds; in particular, the affinities of non-South African taxa have been challenged.

For example, Schoch & Milner (2000) considered all nominal lydekkerinids to belong to this family and listed featured like longitudinally oval, unpaired anterior palatal openings, with a pointed posterior end; and a broad and laterally extensive postorbital and prefrontal as synapomorphies. Jeannot et al. (2006) considered most nominal lydekkerinids to indeed be lydekkerinids except for Deltacephalus and the indeterminate records. They list features like a step-shaped contact between the nasal and prefrontal; indentation of anterolateral margin of interpterygoid vacuity; and a straight cheek margin when viewed in occipital view as synapomorphies. Conversely, Hewison (2007) did not consider Chomatobatrachus or Luzocephalus to be lydekkerinids and therefore listed a different set of features, such as palatine lacking denticles, but having an elongated postero-mesial process extending behind the most anterior ectopterygoid tooth; ectopterygoid lacking denticles; and septomaxillary with an ornamented roofing portion and an unornamented, plate- like intranarial portion. Many of Hewison's features (of which there are more than two dozen) are not synapomorphies but rather are part of a unique combination of features or are symplesiomorphies, and they are not mutually exclusive with the autapomorphies of other workers.

Most recently, it has also been suggested that another small-bodied Early Triassic clade, Lapillopsidae, might nest within Lydekkerinidae, rendering the latter paraphyletic. If so, this would introduce further uncertainty regarding diagnostic features of Lydekkerinidae.

Classification

Lydekkerinids are usually classified as basal stereospondyls. Schoch and Milner (2000) placed them in the clade Rhytidostea along with brachyopoids and rhytidosteids, but this broader grouping is not widely employed today given the higher nesting position of brachyopoids and the uncertain position and monophyly of rhytidosteids. Lydekkerinidae was also sometimes historically placed within the largely defunct Rhinesuchoidea or within the still valid Capitosauroidea or Capitosauria, but this too has not been supported by more recent work. Most phylogenetic studies that sampled only certain nominal lydekkerinids within a larger temnospondyl sample have found lydekkerinids to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Furthermore, no complete phylogenetic analysis of all nominal lydekkerinids that would support monophyly in at least a restricted framework has been formally published. Luzocephalus, which would be the largest of the lydekkerinids with a skull length over 15 cm, has often been found to be more closely related to a family called Trematosauridae, such as in the study by Yates and Warren (2000). Chomatobatrachus has also been frequently dissociated from other nominal lydekkerinids. Below is a cladogram from Yates and Warren (2000) showing the polyphyly:

The phylogenetic analysis of Damiani (2001) resulted in a monophyletic Lydekkerinidae, although it was only weakly supported and included what is now recognized as the small-bodied Early Triassic capitosaur Edingerella madagascariensis. Below is a cladogram from that analysis:

Gallery

References

External links
Lydekkerinidae at Palaeos.

Stereospondyls
Triassic temnospondyls
Triassic first appearances
Triassic extinctions


Ottokar Lorenz (17 September 1832 – 13 May 1904) was an Austrian-German historian and genealogist. He was born in Iglau (now Jihlava, Czech Republic) and died in Jena. He was the father of chemist Richard Lorenz (1863-1929).

He studied philology, history and philosophy in Vienna, where his instructors included Hermann Bonitz, Joseph Aschbach and Albert Jäger. From 1861 to 1885, Lorenz was a professor of history at the University of Vienna, being appointed rector in 1880. Afterwards, he was a professor at the University of Jena.

He was a founder of modern "scientific genealogy". Some of his better written efforts are as follows:
 Deutsche Geschichte im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert, ("German history in the 13th and 14th centuries"), two volumes (1863–67).
 Drei Bücher Geschichte (1876; 2nd ed., 1879) (Three books of History).
 , two volumes, 1886–87.
 Geschichte des Elsasses, ("History of Alsace"); with Wilhelm Scherer, 3rd edition 1886.
 Genealogisches Handbuch der europäischen Staatengeschichte, ("Genealogical textbook of European states history"), (1892).
 Lehrbuch der wissenschaftlichen Genealogie, ("Textbook of scientific genealogy"), (1898).

References
 Ottokar Lorenz @ AEIOU Encyclopedia

External links
 Genealogy and human heredity in Germany around 1900
 OnLine Books Page bibliography

19th-century German historians
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
Academic staff of the University of Jena
1832 births
1904 deaths
German male non-fiction writers


The Canadian International College (CIC) (, transliteration: Al Ma'haad Al Canadie Alaaly), is an Egyptian University  in Cairo, Egypt. The CIC is the sole provider of Canadian higher education in Egypt. CIC is the Cairo campus for Cape Breton University. It has two campuses, the main campus is located in the residential area of El Tagamoa El Khames in New Cairo city and the other campus is located in El Sheikh Zayed.

The University offers two types of programs, an Egyptian program in which Students gain the Egyptian bachelor's degree accredited from both the Supreme Council of Universities and the Ministry of Higher Education, and the Dual program where students earn both the Egyptian bachelor's degree accredited from the Supreme Council of Universities and the Ministry of Higher Education, and the Canadian bachelor's degree from Cape Breton University according to the Field of Study.

Canadian International College offers its students the opportunity to travel and study in Canada for one semester, one full year through its Exchange programs with Cape Breton University in Nova Scotia, Canada or to transfer and continue their studies completely through the Transfer program.

See also
 List of Egyptian universities
 American University in Cairo
 British University in Egypt
 Université Française d'Égypte

References

External links
 Canadian International College website
 CBU website

Education in Cairo
Universities in Egypt
Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in Egypt


Peter Prince Field  is a public-use airport located  east of the central business district of the city of Milton in Santa Rosa County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned.

References

External links

Airports in Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Santa Rosa County, Florida


Jackson Square is the first full-length album by Arkells. It is their first non-digital release with Dine Alone Records. The album contains updated versions of the 5 songs found on the Deadlines EP along with 7 additional songs. The album is named after Lloyd D. Jackson Square, a shopping mall in the band's hometown of Hamilton, Ontario. The first single, "Oh, the Boss Is Coming!" was released on October 21, 2008. Lead singer Max Kerman describes Jackson Square as "Road-tested, energetic and soulful." On February 24, 2009, the band set up a webpage for fans to vote for the second single between "Pullin' Punches", "John Lennon" and "The Ballad of Hugo Chavez". Ultimately, "The Ballad of Hugo Chavez" was chosen and released to radio as a single on April 27, 2009.

Track listing
All songs written by Arkells.

Personnel
Max Kerman  – vocals, guitar
Mike DeAngelis – vocals, guitar
Dan Griffin – vocals, keyboard, guitar, percussion, harmonica
Nick Dika – bass
Tim Oxford – drums, percussion
Jon Drew – co-production
Arkells – co-production
Chris Gale – tenor sax, baritone sax
Wayne Cochrane, Jamie Krebs, Luke Marshall – assistant engineering
Noah Mintz/The Lacquer Channel – mastering

References

2008 debut albums
Arkells albums
Dine Alone Records albums
Albums recorded at Metalworks Studios


The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain is a book written by Nicholas Dirks, who was at the time the Franz Boas Professor of Anthropology and Professor of History at Columbia University, United States. The book was published in 2006.

The book focuses on 18th century Britain and on one of its most dramatic political controversies, the impeachment and trial of Warren Hastings, the Governor-General of Bengal from 1774 to 1784.

References

2006 non-fiction books
History books about India
Books about British India
Belknap Press books


Pseudanthias bimaculatus, two-spot basslet, twospot anthias, twinspot anthias and bimac anthias, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the subfamily Anthiinae of the family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. It is an Indo-Pacific species of reefs.

Appearance
They are a medium-sized anthias reaching a maximum of 5in/12 cm at adulthood. This species is sexually dimorphic, meaning the males and females have differing physical characteristics.  Pseudanthias bimaculatus males are primarily red with jagged pink lines along the body.  Males will have a red tail with clear to white tips.  Males will typically have yellow highlights on the tail, anal fins, and head area.  Males also have one or two spots on their dorsal fin, hence the scientific name 'bimaculatus', meaning two spots.  Females will be primarily pink with yellow fins and tail.  Females will typically have a yellow line stretching across the head through their eyes.

Diet
Pseudanthias bimaculatus are primarily carnivorous.  The diet composing mainly of zooplankton and floating filamentous algae in the wild. In the aquarium, a varied diet of mysis shrimp, vitamin-enriched brine shrimp, frozen preparations and other meaty items for zooplankton feeders.  Multiple small feedings throughout the day are recommended for this species.

Range
It is found in various reefs of ranging in the Indo-West Pacific from East Africa, Maldives, and Indonesia. It is a deep water species typically found in coastal drop-offs.

In the Aquarium
Pseudanthias bimaculatus do well when kept in an aquarium over 70 gallons.  It is a deep water species that seems to do well when several hiding places are made available.  It is considered a moderately difficult fish to care for and reef compatible.

Like other anthias species, Pseudanthias bimaculatus share the trait of being hermaphroditic. If a dominant male perishes, the largest female of the group will often morph to take its place.

They are peaceful aquarium inhabitants and will rarely bother their tankmates.  The only exception seems to be males of the same species.  This species may also be aggressive to other anthiae species.  They are generally considered safe with any invertebrates.  Possible tankmates include clownfish, blennies, gobies, Chromis, and butterflyfish.

References

External links

 Reef Keeping Online Reference
 Salt Corner Online Reference
 Wet Web Media Online Reference

bimaculatus
Taxa named by J. L. B. Smith
Fish described in 1955


Robyn O'Neil (born 1977) is an American artist known for her large-scale graphite on paper drawings. She is also the host of the podcast "ME READING STUFF".

Early life and education
Robyn O'Neil was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1977. She lives and works in Los Angeles, California. She received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Texas A&M University-Commerce, continuing with studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago, King's College London, and Werner Herzog's Rogue Film School, Los Angeles.

Professional career and work

O’Neil is known for her detailed narrative drawings that often contain art historical references and center on a theme of existential bleakness and absurdity. Traditionally, her monochromatic drawings have depicted "apocalyptic" scenes in which small human figures engage in acts of violence and trauma. Art critic Christopher French has noted of the artist's practice, "Inventing realities rather than describing aspects of nature, O'Neil's dreamlike vistas offer a potent combination of incorporated graphite collage elements so as to inject foreground detail into ambiguous and otherwise largely unmarked middle distances."

Despite the dark nature of her work, positive signs for the future of life and humanity abound. Susan Harris wrote for Art in America that the "[s]oft, velvety passages of shading; painstaking and lovingly articulated rhythms of line; and the implication of the artist's own hand and arm in gestures both small and grand are palpable evocations of the will to make something out of nothing..."

O'Neil has held solo museum exhibitions at the Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, Winston-Salem; the Des Moines Art Center; the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth; and the Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, which traveled to the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at Cornell University, the Frye Art Museum, Seattle. She has participated in group exhibitions at institutions such as the Toledo Museum of Art; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the John Michael Kohler Arts Center, Sheboygan; the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum; The Kemper Museum, Kansas City; and, the Dallas Museum of Art. Drawings by O'Neil were included in the Whitney Museum of American Art’s 2004 Whitney Biennial. Her work is included in the public collections of the Menil Collection, Houston; Whitney Museum of American Art; Blanton Museum of Art; Dallas Museum of Art; John Michael Kohler Arts Center; The Kemper Museum; Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; Sheldon Museum of Art, Omaha; Des Moines Art Center; Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita; and, the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth.

In 2010, O'Neil received a FRAMEWORKS Grant from the Irish Film Board for a film written and directed by her titled “WE, THE MASSES,” which was conceived at Werner Herzog’s Rogue Film School. O'Neil is the recipient of numerous grants and awards, including the Joan Mitchell Foundation Grant, an Artadia grant, and the Huntington Prize. She was featured alongside author John Green on PBS Digital Studios' The Art Assignment in 2014. A recent monograph of her work, Robyn O’Neil: 20 Years of Drawings, was published by Archon Projects in 2017.

In 2016, O'Neil directed a community collaborative drawing project with Harvester Arts in Wichita, KS. The project, The Great Kansas Sea, was inspired by the Permian Sea that covered Kansas 250 million years ago. The massive seascape was created by 700 drawings submitted by 500 participants.

References

Further reading

French, Christopher. "Robyn O'Neil: Houston/Seattle/Ithaca." Art Papers 30, no. 4 (July/August 2006): 61.

External links
 www.robynoneil.com

1977 births
Alumni of King's College London
Living people
Artists from Nebraska
Texas A&M University–Commerce alumni
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
21st-century American artists
21st-century American women artists


The Charles Mingus Quintet & Max Roach is an album by Charles Mingus, recorded at the Café Bohemia in December 1955 and released in 1964. Max Roach makes a guest appearance on two tracks. Other material from the concert were released on the album Mingus at the Bohemia in 1956.

Reception
In his review for AllMusic, Ron Wynn stated: "The Mingus/Roach/Mal Waldron dialogs overcome the ordinary stylings of Eddie Bert and George Barrow."

Track listing
 "A Foggy Day" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 5:36
 "Drums" (Charles Mingus, Max Roach) - 5:38
 "Haitian Fight Song" (Mingus) -  5:27
 "Lady Bird" (Tadd Dameron) - 5:58
 "I'll Remember April" (Gene de Paul, Patricia Johnston, Don Raye) - 13:13
 "Love Chant" (Mingus) - 7:26
The actual melody of "I'll Remember April" is not played

Personnel
 George Barrow - tenor sax
 Eddie Bert - trombone
 Mal Waldron - piano
 Charles Mingus - bass
 Willie Jones - drums (except 5)
 Max Roach - drums (tracks 2 and 5)

References

1955 live albums
America Records live albums
Charles Mingus live albums
Debut Records live albums
Albums recorded at the Café Bohemia


Metoposauridae is an extinct family of trematosaurian temnospondyls. The family is known from the Triassic period. Most members are large, approximately  long and could reach 3 m long. Metoposaurids can be distinguished from the very similar mastodonsauroids by the position of their eyes, placed far forward on the snout.

Taphonomy
Several mass accumulations of metoposaurid fossils are known from the southwestern United States and Morocco. These have often been interpreted as the result of mass deaths from droughts. Many individuals would have died in one area, creating a dense bone bed once fossilized. These mass accumulations of metoposaurids are often dominated by one taxa, such as Anaschisma or Metoposaurus. Recent sedimentological studies suggest that the mass accumulations were not the result of droughts, but of river currents carrying remains. Most skeletons in these accumulations are disarticulated, suggesting they were transported by water to the deposition sites. The large gatherings of metoposaurids may have been breeding sites, and were probably common across floodplains in Late Triassic Pangaea.

References

External links
Metoposauridae at The Paleobiology Database.

Triassic temnospondyls
Trematosaurs
Amphibian families