Maple Leaf Mills Silos was one of two silo or grain elevator complexes that were built in the area between Spadina Quay and Maple Leaf Quay, on Toronto Harbour, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was one of three "monumental" silo complexes that dominated the city's waterfront.

Built in 1928, the silos marked an age when goods were being shipped into Toronto. Towards the end, the silos also marked the port's decline and the desire to remove the industrial eyesore along Toronto's waterfront.  They were demolished in 1983.

The silos were located south of Queens Quay on Maple Leaf Quay, between the Peter Street and Rees Street slips.

History
Before construction of the fourth Welland Canal, prairie grain was shipped to lakeports such as Collingwood or Midland, transferred to rail car, and delivered to Toronto - a laborious process. Gordon C. Leitch realized when the canal opened, he would be able to ship grain directly to the Toronto waterfront at considerable efficiency. With the help of businessman James Playfair he founded Toronto Elevators and in 1928 constructed a 2 million bushel capacity concrete grain elevator complex. The first silo structure was built by Carter Construction Company, and was referred to as Playfair Elevators. C.D. Howe was involved in the design. The capacity was later doubled.  Six tracks next to the elevators were connected to the CN Fleet Street Yard. Offices and laboratories also occupied the site.

Originally mainly a storage elevator, Toronto Elevators got into processing with the Masterfeeds animal feed manufacturing business, managed by Fred Presant.
Entering the oilseed business, by 1953, two Toronto plants, Toronto Elevators and Victory Soya had approximately 90% of Canadian Soya processing capability. The combined storage capacity was more than Canada’s other four processors combined.

To supply grain to his elevator, Leitch invested in shipping, partnering with James E. Norris. They eventually created one of the largest shipping companies on the Great Lakes, Upper Lakes Shipping Company. The Norris family also had an interest in Maple Leaf Milling. Toronto Elevator Company merged with Maple Leaf Milling in 1961, and the company and silos were renamed Maple Leaf Mills.

The site is sometimes referred to as the Monarch Mill; Monarch was the brand name of flour produced by MLM, and was prominently featured on the side of the silos. The brand is today owned by J.M.Smucker. MLM also owned a mill in the Junction area of Toronto.

After labour disputes involving "waterfront warlord" Hal C. Banks at ULS in the 1960s, culminating in the bombing of the SS Howard L. Shaw (today one of the breakwater ships at Ontario Place), the Norris family grew disenchanted with the partnership. After a fight for control, involving Neonex and Jim Pattison, the partnership split, with the Leitch family gaining control of the shipping business, and Norris, Maple Leaf Mills. Lawsuits over the Neonex bid took 13 years to settle, and almost bankrupted Pattison.

When Maple Leaf Mills facility at Port Colborne was destroyed by fire in 1960, milling operations came to Toronto. The Port Colborne facilities were rebuilt at a smaller scale, but it eventually took over milling operations after 1983.

After numerous sales, mergers and divestures, MLM became Maple Leaf Foods. The Masterfeeds business was divested and is today owned by Alltech.

Decline of Toronto Harbour and demise of the silos

With the decline in use of Toronto harbour as a shipping centre in the 1980s and redevelopment of the waterfront, the future of the silos was set.

The Federal government expropriated the Maple Leaf complex in 1972 as part of the Harbourfront scheme. Unlike the Victory Soya Mills Silos and the Canada Malting Silos, which were designated heritage structures, the Maple Leaf Silos were demolished in the 1983 in the haste to remove the industrial eyesore and blight along the waterfront. Demolition took a full year, cost $1 million, and bankrupted the Thunder Bay wrecking company. The site now is home to HTO Park.

With the closure of the Toronto site, MLM moved production to other locations, among them Cavan, Ontario (later as Masterfeeds and now as a unit of Alltech) in 1975.

Renewal

In 1989, Harbour Terrace condominiums was completed on half of the old silo site, but the remaining half of the site sat vacant. In 2000, Toronto Fire Services Station 334 and Toronto EMS Station 36 was opened at the southwest end of the site

Ironically, the new buildings that replaced the silos at 350 and 390 Queens Quay were "maligned as among the worst examples of a concrete curtain dividing Toronto from Lake Ontario" and described as "drab, puke-coloured edifices" The residences at the Maple Leaf Quay were renovated in 2015, a project led by architect Les Klein.

After two decades the city facilitated the creation of HTO Park West in 2007 and thus completed the revitalization of the entire site.

References

 About the Great Lakes History
 Toronto Museum History

External links
 Queens Quay before the condos. Image1 shows MLM under red duMarier sign; Image17 shows demolition

Demolished buildings and structures in Toronto
Grain elevators in Canada
Harbourfront, Toronto
Industrial buildings completed in 1928
Buildings and structures demolished in 1983
1928 establishments in Ontario


The Eastern Kentucky Colonels football program represents Eastern Kentucky University (EKU) in college football, competing at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level as a member of the United Athletic Conference (UAC). The school has traditionally had much success on the football field, having won 21 OVC conference titles and two Division I FCS National Championships (then called Division I-AA) in 1979 and 1982, and reaching the finals in 1980 and 1981. Much of the success came during the long tenure of head coach Roy Kidd from 1964 to 2002. In 1990, Eastern honored Kidd by naming the school's football stadium Roy Kidd Stadium. Eastern Kentucky's football team was able to secure 31 consecutive winning seasons before finally posting a losing season record in 2009.

In September 2013, the Lexington Herald-Leader, the daily newspaper of nearby Lexington, reported that EKU was considering moving its program to the top-level Football Bowl Subdivision. However, under NCAA rules, such a move would require that EKU receive an invitation from an existing FBS conference. In the end, no such move was made.

EKU left the OVC for the ASUN Conference in July 2021. At the time, the ASUN did not sponsor football, but had committed to launching an FCS football league in the near future. During the 2021 season, EKU competed as a de facto associate member of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) in a football partnership between the two leagues officially branded as the "ASUN–WAC Challenge". While the ASUN launched its own football league in 2022, it maintained its partnership with the WAC for the 2022 season. Shortly after that season, the two conferences fully merged their football leagues, announcing the new branding of United Athletic Conference in April 2023.

Conference affiliation
 Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (1927–1948)
 Ohio Valley Conference (1948–2020)
 ASUN–WAC Challenge (2021)
 ASUN Conference (2022)
 United Athletic Conference (2023–present)

Championships

National championships
Eastern Kentucky went to four consecutive national championship games, winning twice in 1979 and 1982 while finishing as runner-up in 1980 and 1981 to Boise State and Idaho State, respectively.

Conference championships
Eastern Kentucky has won 22 conference championships, 16 outright and 6 shared.

† Co-champion

Bowl games
Eastern Kentucky has participated in six bowl games. Four of these bowl games served as a sort of championship game, whether as a regional championship game or as the NCAA Division I Football Championship. The EKU Colonels played in the inaugural Opportunity Bowl presented by Raising Cane's, and in memory of Dr. Sheila Pressley, on Nov. 21, 2020. Eastern Kentucky University hosted the second annual Opportunity Bowl presented by Dinsmore & Shohl on Nov. 20, 2021. The game was matchup EKU and Jacksonville State University.

Playoff appearances

NCAA Division I-AA/FCS
Eastern Kentucky University football is considered the first dynasty in FCS football. Including a four year run to the championship game from 1979 to 1982. During this time period they went 46-7 under legendary coach Roy Kidd. Eastern Kentucky is third all time in the FCS for playoff appearances with 21 total appearances (Montana 26/UNI 22). Below is a list of all playoff appearances.

NCAA Division II
The Colonels made one appearance in the Division II playoffs, with a combined record of 5-1.

Head coaches

Rivalries

Western Kentucky
The Battle of the Bluegrass is the name given to the Eastern Kentucky–Western Kentucky football rivalry. Both schools were formerly members of the Ohio Valley Conference, and played against each other regularly until Western Kentucky's transition from the NCAA's FCS to FBS in 2008. The two teams have met 84 times on the football field, with Western Kentucky currently holding a 47–35–3 edge in the all-time series. This rivalry  has been known to be particularly competitive with neither team gaining an edge until recent history with Western moving up to the FBS level. It is known as the oldest and most fierce rivalry the commonwealth of Kentucky has, even more so than larger schools of the University of Kentucky and University of Louisville's Governors Cup game because of how many times the teams met, the longevity  of the rivalry, and the important conference implications the annual game used to hold.

After a nearly nine year pause, the series resumed again in 2017, when Western Kentucky hosted Eastern Kentucky in a game played at Houchens Industries–L. T. Smith Stadium. The two teams will meet again on September 7, 2024

Morehead State
The Old Hawg Rifle is the name of the rivalry trophy between the Eastern Kentucky Colonels and the Morehead State Eagles. This rivalry was important because the schools are in such close proximity and are serving the same general Eastern Kentucky region.  The gun is an antique, pre-Revolutionary War muzzleloader that is rumored to have once been used in Kentucky's Rowan County War. The rifle has not been actively used in the rivalry since 1962, though the two teams have continued to play against each other since then. The rifle is currently kept on display in the Morehead State student center. The two teams have met 73 times on the football field, with Eastern Kentucky currently holding a 53–16–4 edge in the all-time series. Eastern Kentucky has won 28 out of the last 29 matchups.

Program records

Team records
Consecutive winning seasons: 31, 1977–2008
Consecutive wins: 18, 1982–1983
Consecutive National Title appearances: 4, 1979–1982

Individual records
Most rushing yards (game): 300 Markus Thomas against Marshall 1989
Most rushing yards (season): 1,998 Elroy Harris in the 1988 season
Most rushing yards (career): 5,532 Markus Thomas 1989–1992Most passing yards (game): 464 Bennie Coney against Tennessee Tech 2015Most passing yards (season): 2,861 Josh Greco in the 2005 seasonMost passing yards (career): 5,992 Josh Greco 2004–2007Most receiving yards (game): 316 Aaron Marsh against Northwood 1967Most receiving yards (season): 1,150 Andre Ralston in the 2005 seasonMost receiving yards (career): 3,095 Andre Ralston 2002–2005Most completions (season):'225 Bennie Coney 2015

Future non-conference opponents
Announced schedules as of November 26, 2022.

References

External links

American football teams established in 1909
1909 establishments in Kentucky


In medicine, pronator drift (also known as pyramidal drift) refers to a pathologic sign seen during a neurological examination. Jean Alexandre Barré is credited with having first described it; thus it is sometimes known as the Barré test or sign. A positive result indicates palsy. This sign can appear due to an upper motor neuron lesion or various other conditions (including inborn errors of metabolism) which include palsy as a symptom.

Description

Assessing for pronator drift helps to detect mild upper limb weakness in a patient who's awake and able to follow directions. Ask the patient to close the eyes, then to stretch out both arms in the appropriate position: Flex the shoulder joint to 90 degrees (45 degrees, if supine) and fully extend the elbow joint. The palms should be facing up (supinated). The patient should maintain this position for 20 to 30 seconds. Observe both arms. If the motor pathway is intact, the arms should remain in this position equally. Patients with a slight weakness in one arm won't be able to keep the affected arm raised, and ultimately the palm may begin to pronate (palm facing down). Pronator drift indicates abnormal function of the corticospinal tract in the contralateral hemisphere. In some patients, the arm may remain supinated but drop lower than the unaffected arm, and the fingers and elbow might flex.

The patient is asked to hold both arms at 90 degree flexion and elbows fully extended at shoulder level in front of them, with the palms upwards, and hold the position. If they are unable to maintain the position the result is positive. Closing the eyes accentuates the effect, because the brain is deprived of visual information about the position of the body and must rely on proprioception. Tapping on the palm of the outstretched hands can accentuate the effect.

Interpretation

This is a test of upper motor neuron disease.

If a forearm pronates, with or without downward motion, then the person is said to have pronator drift on that side reflecting a contralateral pyramidal tract lesion. In the presence of an upper motor neuron lesion, the supinator muscles in the upper limb are weaker than the pronator muscles, and as a result, the arm drifts downward and the palm turns toward the floor. A lesion in the ipsilateral cerebellum or ipsilateral dorsal column usually produces a drift upward, along with slow pronation of the wrist and elbow.

References

External links
 Picture of pronator drift test position - pediatricneurology.com.

Symptoms and signs: Nervous system


Desert Assault, known in Japan as , is a 1991 run and gun arcade game by Data East. In this arcade game, up to four players control four soldiers holding machine guns and other projectile weapons, while fighting their way through the terrorist arsenal to take control of the Persian War.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Desert Assault on their June 15, 1991 issue as being the fourth most-successful table arcade unit of the month.

References

External links
Official G-Mode webpage of Desert Assault

arcade-history

1991 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Gulf War video games
Run and gun games
Data East video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan
Data East arcade games


Torgeir Schjerven (born 28 August 1954)  is a Norwegian author and lyric poet. Schjerven trained as a painter and has illustrated children's books. He has worked as a film actor in such films as Lasse & Geir (1976), directed by Svend Wam and Petter Vennerød) and Det tause flertall . The silent majority (1977, directed by Svend Wam). He was also involved in writing the script for these movies.

In 1995, Schjerven was one of the finalists for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize for the novel Omvei til Venus.

Torgeir Schjerven is married to the author Inger Elisabeth Hansen.

Bibliography

Poetry
 Vekk – poetry (1981)
 Nettenes melk – poetry (1986)
 Tanker og andre personlige bedrifter – poetry (1989)
 En nåde uten mål – poetry (1998)
 I anledning dagen – poetry (2002) (An oral edition published in 2003 was read by the author himself.)
Den stødige tilstundelsen av jubel i virkelig trist musikk – poetry (2006)

Novels
 I det blodige blå – novel (1984)
 Omvei til Venus – novel (1994)

Children's book
1992 – Hugo og de tre som forsvant, children's book written together with Inger Elisabeth Hansen, and illustrated by Hilde Kramer

Awards
 1986 – Hartvig Kirans minnepris
 1994 – Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature, for Omvei til Venus
 1995 – Nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize for Omvei til Venus
 2002 – Halldis Moren Vesaas Prize
 2005 – Norwegian Academy Prize in memory of Thorleif Dahl

References

1954 births
Living people
Norwegian writers
Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature winners
20th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian male poets
21st-century Norwegian poets
20th-century Norwegian male writers
21st-century Norwegian male writers


DR 6 is a cluster of stars in the Milky Way galaxy, composed of dust, gas, and about 10 large newborn stars, each roughly ten to twenty times the size of the Sun. It was discovered by astronomers at NASA with the Spitzer Space Telescope, viewing the nebula using infrared light.

The areas of the cluster that appear green are mainly composed of gas, while the parts that seem to be red are made of dust.

The DR 6 nebula is located about 3,900 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. The center of the nebula, where the ten stars are located, is roughly 3.5 light-years long, roughly equivalent to the distance between the Sun and Alpha Centauri, the closest star to the Sun.

"Galactic Ghoul"
The DR 6 cluster is nicknamed the "Galactic Ghoul" because of the nebula's resemblance to a human face; astronomers have described it as "some sort of freakish space face," emphasizing the cavity-like regions that look like eyes and a mouth. These large cavities are the result of "energetic light" and strong stellar wind that come from the ten stars in the center of the nebula (the part also known as the "nose").

Because of the nebula's spooky appearance, it was featured on the NASA website as the Astronomy Picture of the Day on All Hallows Eve, November 1, 2004.

References

Open clusters
Pre-stellar nebulae
Star-forming regions
Cygnus (constellation)


Stories from the Golf is an Australian television comedy series first broadcast on SBS in 2004. The series was made up of 13 five-minute episodes. Stories from the Golf was written and produced by Wayne Hope and Robyn Butler.

Cast
 Wayne Hope as Anton
 Robyn Butler as Candice
 Irene Korsten as Sandi
 Bob Franklin as Kyle
 Marco Chiappi as Cop
 Roz Hammond as Woman
 Monica Maughan as Irma
 Camilla Ah Kin
 Molly Daniels as Flower Girl

See also
 The Librarians
 Very Small Business

References

External links

2000s Australian comedy television series
2004 Australian television series debuts
Special Broadcasting Service original programming


George Thomas Washington (June 24, 1908 – August 21, 1971) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

Education and career

Washington was born in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, the son of  William Morrow Washington and Janet Margaret (Thomas) Washington. He was a descendant of Samuel Washington, brother of George Washington. He received a Bachelor of Philosophy degree from Yale University in 1928. He received a Bachelor of Letters in law from Oxford University in 1931 on a Rhodes Scholarship. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1932. He was in private practice of law in New York City, New York from 1932 to 1938. He was a faculty member at Cornell Law School from 1938 to 1942 and was a Professor of Law in 1942. He was an attorney for the Office of Emergency Management in 1942. He was a United States economic representative in Baghdad, Iraq from 1942 to 1943. He was Chief of the United States Lend-Lease Mission in Tehran, Iran from 1943 to 1944. He was a special assistant to the United States Attorney General from 1944 to 1946. He was an Assistant Solicitor General of the United States from 1946 to 1949. He was Acting Solicitor General of the United States from 1946 to 1947. He was a legal adviser to the United States Delegation to the United Nations Conference on Freedom of the Press in Geneva, Switzerland in 1948.

Federal judicial service

Washington received a recess appointment from President Harry S. Truman on October 21, 1949, to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, to a new seat created by 63 Stat. 493. He was nominated to the same seat by President Truman on January 5, 1950. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 28, 1950, and received his commission on May 1, 1950. He assumed senior status due to a certified disability on November 10, 1965. His service was terminated on August 21, 1971, due to his death at his home in Santa Barbara, California. He was survived by his wife, the former Helen Goodner.

References

External links
  Biographical information for George Thomas Washington from The Political Graveyard.

1908 births
1971 deaths
People from Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
American Rhodes Scholars
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Yale Law School alumni
Cornell University faculty
American legal scholars
United States Assistant Attorneys General for the Office of Legal Counsel
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Harry S. Truman
20th-century American judges
George Thomas
20th-century American lawyers


The Clay Marble is a 1991 children's novel by Minfong Ho. It is set in war-torn Cambodia after the fall of the Khmer Rouge in the early 1980s. It is about a girl named Dara and her friend Jantu, and illustrates the struggles they face.

Summary
12-year-old Dara, her older brother Sarun, and their mother journey to the Thai border in search of rations. Here they meet the remnants of another Cambodian family, one of whose members, Jantu, becomes Dara's friend; another, Nea, falls in love with Sarun. Life is going along well until in fighting among neighboring guerrilla groups forces the families to flee again. In the confusion, Dara and Jantu become separated from the main group. After many incidents, they are reunited with their families, although Jantu is shot in the process and dies soon after. Sarun, once a proud farmer, decides to join the military. Dara courageously stands up to him, and convinces him to return home with the family. The title comes from Jantu's effervescence and manual dexterity, the combination of which impresses Dara as magic. She believes a clay marble, having been invested with Jantu's magic, gives her the courage to get through her ordeals. She wishes for luck and more from the marble, only to find out the "magic" is within herself.

External links

 http://www.members.authorsguild.net/minfong/

1991 American novels
American children's novels
Novels set in Cambodia
1991 children's books
Children's books set in Cambodia
Children's books set in the 1980s


Mother Dunn may refer to:
 Francis Dunn (American football) (1891–1975), American football player for the Canton Bulldogs and head football coach of Dickinson College
 William Thomas Dunn (1881–1962), Penn State All-American football player and physician


Fernando Roberto Hidalgo Maldonado (born May 20, 1985 in Quito) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays for Cumbayá as a midfielder.

Club career
Hidalgo came out of the youth system of Deportivo Quito. Before debuting for the Quito club's professional team, he played one season with Tungurahua in Ambato. He played his first season Deportivo Quito in 2006, where he became a key player for the next two seasons. In 2008, after the request of then manager Ever Hugo Almeida, he was signed by Guayaquil-based club Barcelona. However, he saw little starting time under Almeida's guidance. It wasn't until Reinaldo Merlo became the manager of Barcelona did he begin to make an impact and become a starter. He eventually captained the team and earned the nickname el Capitán. In late 2010, he returned to Quito when he signed a five-year contract with L.D.U. Quito starting in the 2011 season.

International career
Fernando also was included in Ecuador's 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign. In November 2008, he was called up to take action in a friendly against Mexico.

References

External links
Player card on FEF

1985 births
Living people
Ecuadorian men's footballers
Footballers from Quito
S.D. Quito footballers
Barcelona S.C. footballers
L.D.U. Quito footballers
S.D. Aucas footballers
Ecuadorian Serie A players
Ecuadorian Serie B players
Ecuador men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders


Jeff Larson  is an American political consultant and entrepreneur who served as CEO of the Minneapolis St. Paul 2008 Host Committee, which organized the 2008 Republican National Convention. He worked on Reince Priebus's successful campaign to become RNC Chairman and in 2011 became RNC Chief of Staff.  In March 2013 he became Senior Advisor to Reince Priebus and the Chief of Staff position went to Mike Shields.

Career
In 1999, Larson co-founded and became a partner, with fellow Republicans Tony Feather and Tom Synhorst, in a consortium of media consultancy companies, Feather Larson & Synhorst - DCI. The company was actively involved in supporting George W. Bush in the 2000 presidential primaries and received $21.3 million from the Bush-Cheney campaign in 2004. Larson specializes in tele-fundraising and voter contact programs. According to the New York Times, Larson's firm has been tied to the onslaught of negative robocalls about Senator Barack Obama on behalf of Senator John McCain. Larson told the Minneapolis Star Tribune, however, that FLS Connect is not involved in nationwide robo-calls attacking  Obama, although his firm has been hired to make live calls in Minnesota on behalf of McCain.

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, FLS Connect received between $1 million and $2 million in federally backed small business loans from The Central Trust Bank as part of the Paycheck Protection Program.

References

Living people
American political consultants
Minnesota Republicans
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Temple of the Inscriptions (Classic Maya: Bʼolon Yej Teʼ Naah () "House of the Nine Sharpened Spears") is the largest Mesoamerican stepped pyramid structure at the pre-Columbian Maya civilization site of Palenque, located in the modern-day state of Chiapas, Mexico. The structure was specifically built as the funerary monument for K'inich Janaab' Pakal, ajaw or ruler of Palenque in the 7th century, whose reign over the polity lasted almost 70 years. Construction of this monument commenced in the last decade of his life, and was completed by his son and successor K'inich Kan B'alam II. Within Palenque, the Temple of the Inscriptions is located in an area known as the Temple of the Inscriptions’ Court and stands at a right angle to the Southeast of the Palace. The Temple of the Inscriptions has been significant in the study of the ancient Maya, owing to the extraordinary sample of hieroglyphic text found on the Inscription Tablets, the impressive sculptural panels on the piers of the building, and the finds inside the tomb of Pakal.

Structure
The structure consists of a "temple" structure that sits atop an eight-stepped pyramid (for a total of nine levels). The five entrances in the front of the building are surrounded by piers bearing both carved images and the hieroglyphic texts in Maya script for which the temple was named. Inside the temple, a stairway leads to the crypt containing the sarcophagus of Pakal.

History
The Temple of Inscriptions was finished a short time after 683. The construction was initiated by Pakal himself, although his son, K'inich Kan B'alam II completed the structure and its final decoration.

Despite the fact that Palenque, and the Temple of Inscriptions itself, had been visited and studied for more than two hundred years, the tomb of Pakal was not discovered until 1952. Alberto Ruz Lhuillier, a Mexican archaeologist, removed a stone slab from the floor of the temple, revealing a stairway filled with rubble. Two years later, when the stairway was cleared, it was discovered that it led into Pakal’s tomb.

Piers
The temple has six piers, or vertical panels.  These are labeled A through F, each with texts, artistic representations, or both executed in reliefs made from plaster stucco. Piers A and F have only hieroglyphic text on them. Piers B through E have images of people holding an infant-like figure, which has a snake as one leg.

Pier A
Pier A’s decoration consists entirely of hieroglyphic text. However, only eleven glyphs and glyph portions survive to this day. Among these glyphs, “capture” can be clearly seen, but who or what was captured is unknown because the corresponding glyphs are unreadable.

Pier B
Pier B depicts a scene in which a human figure holds the “child” God K, one of whose legs is a serpent, in his hand.

The human figure is actually life size (165 cm tall), but its position and perspective make it appear much larger. It wears an elaborate feather headdress, a jaguar skin skirt, and a belt. The figure also used to wear a loincloth and a short beaded cape, but due to damage those are largely missing today, as is the head of the figure.

It is thought that the figure held by the human figure is God K, although his characteristic “flared forehead” is only visible on Pier D.  The figure of God K, often described as an “infant” or “child,” has one human leg and one serpent-leg. The human leg ends in a six-toed foot that is cradled by the other figure. It is likely, especially considering the emphasis placed on the polydactyly, that this feature is a reference to Pakal’s son, Kan B'alam II, who is portrayed in portraits with six fingers on one hand and six toes on one foot.

Pier C
The standing figure on Pier C is thought to be a woman, possibly Pakal’s mother, Lady Zac-Kuk. The appearance of the psychoduct (a hollow duct that goes from the outer temple into the tomb of Pakal) and the stone band that connects to it have led many to compare the structure to an umbilical cord. The fact that this “umbilical cord” connects the figure on Pier C to Pakal’s tomb (and by extension, Pakal himself) supports the identification of the figure as Lady Zac-Kuk.  The umbilical cord can then be interpreted as a reference to the royal bloodline.

Pier D
Pier D provides the evidence that the “baby” figure is, in fact, God K. In this depiction of the “baby” figure, it wears an “axe” or “flare” including a mirror (visible below the feathers of the standing figure’s headdress), something characteristic of God K. The figure on this pier is more complete than the same figure on any of the other piers. Also present in the depiction of God K are three vertical cuts on the god’s back. These have been shown to be intentional, but their meaning is still unknown.

Pier E
The standing figure on Pier E is most likely Kan B'alam I. The elaborate headdress worn by the figure contains glyphs that identify him as “chan-bahlum.” It is unlikely that this refers to Kan B'alam II because he is thought to be represented by the figure of God K. Because Kan B'alam II, great-great-grandson of Kan B'alam I, finished the decoration of the Temple of Inscriptions, this can be seen as an effort to reinforce the legitimacy of his claim to the throne; he is emphasizing his relationship to his ancestor and namesake, as well as his relationship to his father and grandmother.

Pier F
Pier F has only one glyph block that remains today. It contains glyphs for what is thought to be a title, translated as “dead rabbit”, followed by the title and name “Kinich Kan-B'alam,” after which comes an unknown glyph (possibly another title), and the glyph for Palenque.

Coloration
Although much of the color on the piers has deteriorated, some is still visible today.  Originally, the piers would have been extraordinarily colorful. Bright red, yellow, and blue would have been seen on their stucco sculpture. A thin coat of light red paint would have been applied to all of the stucco sculpture as a sort of background coloring while the stucco was still wet, binding the color to the building. Because the temple was repeatedly repainted, one can observe layers of pigment between layers of stucco. The color blue signified the Heavens and the Gods and would have been applied to things relating to the gods, as well as the glyphic texts on the sculpture. The color yellow related to Xibalba, the Maya underworld, which was associated with jaguars, so the jaguar skirts were colored accordingly.

Inscription tablets
The Temple of Inscriptions gets its name from three hieroglyphic tablets, known as the East Tablet, the Central Tablet, and the West Tablet, on the temple's inner walls. These tablets emphasize the idea that events that happened in the past will be repeated on the same calendar date, a theme also found in the Books of Chilam Balam, and constitute one of the longest known Maya inscriptions (617 glyphs). Columns E through F mark the beginning of a record of various events in Pakal's life that continues until the last two columns on the tablets, which announce his death and name Kan B'alam II as his heir. All of the tablets, excluding the final two columns, were completed during Pakal's lifetime.

The tomb of Pakal

Structure
To prevent the collapse of the tomb due to the immense weight of the pyramid, the
architects designed the hut-shaped chamber using cross vaulting and recessed buttresses.

Artifacts
The tomb of Pakal yielded several important archaeological finds and works of art.

Sarcophagus
Among these finds was the lid of Pakal’s sarcophagus. In the image that covers it, Pakal lies on top of the “earth monster.” Below him are the open jaws of a jaguar, symbolizing Xibalba. Above him is the Celestial Bird, perched atop the Cosmic Tree (represented by a cross) which, in turn, holds a Serpent in its branches. Thus, in the image Pakal lies between two worlds: the heavens and the underworld. Also on the sarcophagus are Pakal’s ancestors, arraigned in a line going back six generations.
Merle Greene Robertson is the only one to have ever photographed the sarcophagus lid. She was suspended from the ceiling in order to photograph it. Afterwards, the tomb was resealed and has not been reopened ever since.

Other
Pakal’s death mask is another extraordinary artifact found in the tomb. The face of the mask is made entirely of jade, while the eyes consist of shells, mother of pearl, and obsidian.

There were several smaller jade heads packed into Pakal’s sarcophagus and a stucco portrait of the king was found under the base of it.

Five skeletons, both male and female, were found at the entrance of the crypt. These sacrificial victims were intended to follow Pakal into Xibalba.

See also
El Castillo, Chichen Itza
List of Mesoamerican pyramids
Pyramid of the Magician at Uxmal
Tikal Temple I
Tikal Temple II
Tikal Temple III
Tikal Temple IV
Tikal Temple V

Notes
All information on the piers was taken from Robertson 1983: 29-53.

References

External links
 Apr. 27, 1953 LIFE Magazine article about tomb discovery

Maya architecture
Maya sites in Chiapas
Palenque
Tourist attractions in Chiapas
Buildings and structures in Chiapas
7th-century religious buildings and structures
Pyramids in Mexico


Gwangpo Bay is located in Sacheon city, South Korea. The Bay is located at the estuary of Gonyang Stream, and the city is located in the middle of the southern seashore of South Korea. Gwangpo Bay is a part of larger Sacheon Bay, which is surrounded by Sacheon City, Gwangyang City, and Namhae County.

According to Korean Ministry of Land, Transportation, and Marine Affairs, a plan made by local government in 2008 to reclaim Gwangpo Bay covers area of 1,976,256 square meter. The length of the Bay is about 3 kilo meter, and the width of the Bay is about 1.3 kilo meter.

Wildlife
According to Sacheon Branch of Korean Federation for Environmental Movement (Friends of the Earth Korea), 117 species of birds were found in this bay by the research conducted from 2000 to 2007. During the research, 150 Saunders's gulls were found together. White-naped cranes and black-faced spoonbills were also found here.

A large area of the bay is covered with seashore lawn grass (Zoysia sinica), and it is estimated that this is the biggest community of this species in Korea. Communities of a threatened species  of Ellobium chinense, which belongs to the mollusc family Ellobiidae  were found in June 2008  inside the community of seashore lawn grass.

And a community of eelgrass (Zostera marina) was found in the Gwangpo Bay. Eelgrass is regarded as a very important ecology member, as it provides fishes spawning ground, and it absorb a great amount of . According to research conducted in Gwangyang Bay, next to Gwangpo Bay, 57 species of fish were found in the eelgrass.

Socioeconomics

Population
The population of Sacheon City is about 110,000. The population was steady for the decade from 1995 to 2005. And while the fishers and farmers population decreased, some people migrated to Sacheon from 2006, to get jobs in newly developed shipbuilding and machinery industry.

Industry
Traditionally, Sacheon was an important port through which marine products were transported to Jinju City, an important city of southern part of Korea. And as fish was abundant in this Bay, fishery was the most important industry before modernization.

After the 1990s, the municipal government is supporting aircraft manufacturing industry in the region. Korean Aerospace Industries Ltd  has factories in this city with its 2800 employees. And the local government is also supporting shipbuilding industry. SPP Plant and Shipbuilding Co  is the biggest one in the city.

Threats
The local government has a plan to reclaim almost two million square meters of land from Gwangpo Bay for the shipbuilding industry. The government expects the cost would be 350 billion South Korean wons (350 million US dollars).  But this plan is not the first one. Even in the 1990s, a company was planning to reclaim this tidal flat. The debates between reclamation and protection have continued since then.

Actions
The local branch of Friends of the Earth made a civil research group to study the ecology of this Bay. The group conducted monthly research from 2000 to 2007. Perhaps because of such efforts, the plan to reclaim this Bay was not accepted by the central government on July 8, 2008. But the local government has not given up the plan for reclamation, preparing for the next review by the central government.

References

Geography of South Korea


The 1991 Los Angeles Raiders season was their 32nd in the National Football League (NFL). They were unable to improve upon their previous season's output of 12–4, winning only nine games. After a 9–4 start, the team lost its last three games, but did qualify for the playoffs for the second straight season. The Raiders were inconsistent offensively, with struggling quarterback Jay Schroeder eventually benched in favor of rookie Todd Marinovich. It was notable that future Hall of Famer Marcus Allen's role was restricted mainly to backing up newly acquired Roger Craig, and future All-Pro Tim Brown also played mostly as a reserve, starting only one game. The loss of Bo Jackson to a career-ending injury also clearly had an impact. A solid defense was led by Howie Long, Greg Townsend (13 sacks) and Ronnie Lott (8 interceptions).

Staff

Roster

Regular season

Schedule

Season summary

Week 1 at Oilers

Week 2 vs Broncos

Standings

Playoffs

References

External links
 1991 Los Angeles Raiders at Pro-Football-Reference.com

Los Angeles Raiders seasons
Los Angeles Raiders
Los


Dr. Alexander Jacob IPS (born 3 July 1955) is an Indian retired police officer. He rose to the rank of Director General of Police in the Kerala police force heading the prisons department and later assumed charge as the managing director of Kerala Police Housing Construction Corporation. At present he is the Nodal Officer of National University for Police Sciences and Security Studies (NUPSAS).

Education
Alexander was born to parents who were both school teachers at Thumpamon near Pandalam, Kerala. He had his school education at St. Goretti's School, Nalanchira, Trivandrum and at Mar Gregorios School, Thumpamon.

He studied pre-degree at St. Xavier's College, Trivandrum and B.Sc Chemistry  at Mar Ivanios College. He studied at Master's Degree level in English, History, Politics and Sociology. and received an MPhil. degree for his thesis on low cost policing.  He undertook research for a PhD in English Literature on Historical Novels of Indo-Anglian Literature.

Early career

He started his career as a subeditor in Malayala Manorama, the leading newspaper in Kerala and then as a lecturer in at Mar Ivanios College. He was placed first in the bank officers exam and was assigned  Indian Overseas Bank but he refused to join the banking sector as he felt it was not his cup of tea. He was recruited to the Indian Police Service (IPS) in 1982.

IPS Officer
After his probation, Alexander was posted as Superintendent of Police, Kottayam and subsequently at Kannur. He also worked as the Commissioner of Police, Kochi City in 1990. He was the principal of Police Training College, Trivandrum during 1992-1995. On promotion he was posted as Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG), Northern Range (Kerala) and subsequently as DIG, Armed Police Battalion.

He was the Director of Kerala Women's Commission taking over his assignment as Secretary, Institute of Management in Government in January 1999. In May 2000 he was posted as Joint Director of Kerala Police Academy. He was promoted as IGP and posted Inspector General of Police (Training), Kerala State and Ex Officio Joint Director Kerala Police Academy in 2001. In 2006 he was promoted to the Director of Kerala Police Academy. Dr. Alexander Jacob is also involved in teaching many different groups of students in the Civil Service and wider public. He gives talks based on the Bible through the programme Njanavachassukal on Shalom TV India.

Awards

He was awarded the President's Scout Award in 1972. He won Best Probationer Award (Co-curricular activities) and L.B. Sewa Cup from IPS Academy, Hyderabad in 1983. He was honored as the most outstanding Young Person of Kerala by the Junior Chamber, Jaycees in 1989 and as most outstanding Young Person of India by the Indian Junior Chamber Jaycees in 1990.

He was awarded the President's 'Police Medal' for Meritorious Service by the President of India on the Republic Day, 2004.

Family

He is married to Dr Elizabeth John, a Reader in the Collegiate Education Department. The couple have three daughters Mariam Elizabeth Alexander, Jesse Elizabeth Alexander and Ammu Elizabeth Alexander.

References

1955 births
Living people
Indian police officers
Kerala Police officers
Syro-Malankara Catholics
People from Pathanamthitta district


The NABC Coach of the Year Award has been presented by the National Association of Basketball Coaches since . A longtime sponsor of the award was Kodak; it is currently sponsored by the UPS Store.

NCAA Division I Coaches of the Year

NCAA Division II Coaches of the Year

NCAA Division III Coaches of the Year

References

External links

Awards established in 1959
College basketball coach of the year awards in the United States
National Association of Basketball Coaches


Classic Christmas may refer to:
 Classic Christmas (Johnny Cash album), 1980
 Classic Christmas (Billy Gilman album), 2000
 Classic Christmas (George Strait album), 2008
 Classic Christmas (Bradley Joseph album), 2008
 Classic Christmas (Joe McElderry album), 2011
 A Classic Christmas (Wynonna Judd album), 2006
 A Classic Christmas (Toby Keith album), 2007


Michael D. Smith is an American academic who is the J. Erik Jonsson Professor of Information Technology and Marketing at the Heinz College of Carnegie Mellon University with joint-appointment at the Tepper School of Business.

Education
Smith earned a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and a Master of Science in telecommunications science from the University of Maryland, College Park. He then received his PhD in management science and information technology from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 2000

Career
Smith’s research uses economic and statistical techniques to analyze firm and consumer behavior in online markets, specifically markets for digital information and digital media products. His research in this area has been published in leading management science, economics, and marketing journals and in leading professional journals, including The Harvard Business Review and The Sloan Management Review. His research has also been covered by press outlets, including The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Wired, and Business Week. Smith is co-author of the book Streaming, Sharing, Stealing: Big Data and the Future of Entertainment (MIT Press, 2016).

Smith has received several awards for his teaching and research, including the National Science Foundation’s prestigious CAREER Research Award, the 2017 Carol & Bruce Mallen Award for lifetime published scholarly contributions to motion picture industry economic studies, the 2009 and 2004 Best Teacher Awards in Carnegie Mellon's Masters of Information Systems Management program, and the 2018 Dick Wittink Award for the best paper published in the journal Quantitative Marketing and Economics. He was also recently selected as one of the top 100 “emerging engineering leaders in the United States” by the National Academy of Engineering. Smith has served on the editorial boards of a variety of top journals, including as a senior editor at Information Systems Research and as an associate editor at Management Science and Management Information Systems Quarterly.

External links
Home Page
Profile at the Heinz College
Profile at the Tepper School of Business
SSRN Page with full list of working papers

Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Living people
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Information systems researchers


The Technology Transfer Center of Zhejiang University (Simplified Chinese: 浙江大学技术转移中心), currently is the largest university technology transfer center in the People's Republic of China. It's the main technology transfer department of the Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.

Introduction
The center was founded as the Technology Trading Center of Zhejiang University (浙江大学技术交易中心) in 1996. In 2006, it was reformed and adopted into the current name.

The center maintains close relationships with more than six thousand domestic companies within P.R.China, and has cooperations with more than two hundred foreign companies.

Statistics
According to authorities, during 2006-2008, it has offered more than 5800 technological transfers and services, and created an economic value of 35 billion Chinese Yuan.

According to the rankings by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China  Science & Technology Development Center in 2006, the Zhejiang University Technology Transfer Center was ranked as the first one, before Tianjin University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Tsinghua University.

According to a recent similar report (2007), the center was ranked also first, based on its largest annual turnover of 674.23 million. And it was followed by Chongqing University, Shandong University and Tsinghua University.

Currently, there are 76 university technology transfer centers in mainland China.

See also
Technology readiness level
Technology transfer
Technology Transfer Program
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Association of European Science and Technology Transfer Professionals

References

External links
 浙大技术转移中心被列入首批国家技术转移示范机构 (Chinese)

Zhejiang University


Bitragunta is a village in Nellore District of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Bogole mandal of Kavali revenue division. It forms a part of Nellore Urban Development Authority.

References

Villages in Nellore district


Croydon is a former flag stop on the Canadian National Railway east of McBride, British Columbia. It was named after Croydon, a borough and large district in South London in England. It is approximately 10 km south of Dunster.

References

Populated places in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George
Localities in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George


The Record-Courier may refer to one of these newspapers:

The Record-Courier (Nevada), Gardnerville, Nevada
The Record-Courier (Ohio), Portage County, Ohio
The Record-Courier (Baker City), Baker City, Oregon


Asclepias linaria is a species of milkweed known by the common name pineneedle milkweed.

It is native to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of Northwestern Mexico and the U.S. states of California and Arizona.

This is a large erect perennial herb or shrub coated in hairs and many narrow, green leaves which resemble pine needles. The inflorescence is an umbel-like cluster of flowers, each with pink-tinted rounded hoods at the center and greenish reflexed corollas. The fruit is a follicle.

Asclepias linaria is a larval host for the monarch butterfly.

Research indicates that the very high cardenolide content of this species reduces the impact of the OE parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, on the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. By contrast, some species of Asclepias are extremely poor sources of cardenolides.

References

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment

linaria
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of Arizona
Flora of Sonora
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Butterfly food plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles


The Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.9 Høverjager ("Høver fighter"), also known as the Høver M.F.9 after its designer, was a fighter seaplane built in Norway in the 1920s.

Background
In the early 1920s the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service (RNNAS) began looking for a replacement for its Sopwith Baby fighter aircraft, contacting 19 foreign manufacturers asking for bids for licence production of four fighter aircraft in Norway. While many offers were received, only a few of the aircraft types on offer were for purpose-designed seaplanes. As it was the clear request of the RNNAS to have a tried and tested seaplane fighter only the bids coming in from Fokker and Nieuport Astra satisfied the requirement. As the cost of both these offers were considered far too high, Johann E. Høver, managing director at Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk, recommended that a future fighter should be designed and constructed at his factory in Horten. Høver claimed that he could deliver four fighters with  Hispano-Suiza engines at the cost of 220,000 Norwegian kroner, just half of what the foreign bidders demanded. After cost estimates and calculations had been carried out, the Norwegian Ministry of Defence approved the project on 8 March 1924. The project was then submitted to the Permanent Flying Commission () and evaluated on 1 May 1924. Only Klingenberg, managing director  of the Kjeller Aircraft Factory, had a negative opinion of the design, being especially critical of the choice of a relatively weak engine. The manufacture of parts for the prototype M.F.9 began in August 1924 and the wing construction was tested at an aeronautical institute in Göttingen in the German  Weimar Republic, as well as being brought to breaking point in Horten. The Royal Norwegian Navy required the aircraft to have a top speed of 200 km/h, reach an altitude of 3,000 metres in 12 minutes and have a sturdy construction able to endure dog fighting. The aircraft also needed to be a stable platform and be easy to manoeuvre on water.

Design
It was a largely conventional single-bay biplane design, but featured an additional set of struts bracing the lower wings to the fuselage sides. An open cockpit was provided for the pilot and construction throughout was of wood. Performance was impressive, with the type setting a European altitude record of 8,600 m (28,200 ft) in 1931 but it was never a popular aircraft with pilots on account of its tendency to spin.

Operational use
The prototype first flew on 4 June 1925 and completed four trips on the first day with very satisfying results. The next day speed and altitude tests were held, again with good results. Testing was then unexpectedly halted as the testing officer, Lützow-Holm, was ordered to Svalbard to take part in the search for the missing polar explorer Roald Amundsen and his two Dornier Wal flying boats.

The prototype, F.120, was used as a target aircraft during anti-aircraft artillery demonstrations on 13 September 1925, fitted with skis in February–March 1926 and was handed over for active service on 15 July 1926. F.120 exceeded all expectations as to speed, rate of climb and maximum altitude, leading the way for the manufacture of the remaining three aircraft on order from July 1925. Having been slightly modified from the prototype, the three other aircraft were designated as M.F.9Bs (F.122, F.124 and F.126). At first the M.F.9s received an enthusiastic welcome in the RNNAS, but after a near-fatal spin accident due to a structural breakage in the engine in September 1926 confidence in the aircraft type began to wane.

Problems and retirement
In July and August 1928 another series of four M.F.9Bs (F.128, F.130, F.132 and F.134) were delivered
from the factory in Horten. Although M.F.9s were used during the annual summer exercises only the most experienced officer pilots were allowed to fly the type, all forms of acrobatics being banned and most pilots unwilling to perform any drastic manoeuvres. The first total loss of the type occurred on 27 August 1929 when F.120 crashed during landing. A replacement aircraft, F.120 (II) was finished in June 1930.

As the weak Hispano-Suiza engine prevented the M.F.9 from being a truly effective fighter aircraft work was carried out from the autumn of 1929 to the spring of 1931 to find a different engine to have in reserve and install in case of war. Two engines were tested, first a  Bristol Jupiter which at the time was the standard engine of the Norwegian Army Air Service's Fokker C.V-E scout-bombers, and secondly an Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar VII 14-cylinder air-cooled engine.

However, accidents involving the aircraft entering uncontrolled spins continued with another aircraft being lost on 25 July 1930. At this point pilot confidence in the aircraft reached an all-time low, with seven officer pilots writing a letter of protest to the Ministry of Defence, voicing their opposition to the further use of the M.F.9. The criticism led to the halting of work on five M.F.9s then under construction (F.136, F.138, F.140 and replacement machines F.130 and F.132), although one almost complete M.F.9c (F.142) was finished in February 1932. F.142 and the incomplete aircraft had steel tube hulls instead of the wooden constructions of the earlier aircraft. An investigative commission concluded on 4 May 1932 that even the improved M.F.9c model was not usable for training purposes and recommended that the type should be discarded entirely. Director Høver strongly opposed this view, but did not win through with his view that further improvements could save the aircraft and the type was retired and put in reserve on 17 July 1932. The document sent by the Ministry of Defence to the RNNAS was signed by the Agrarian Party Minister of Defence, Vidkun Quisling.

The reason that the M.F.9 was put in reserve and not scrapped outright was the Sopwith Baby fighters had been scrapped a short time earlier, necessitating the retention of the M.F.9 as a reserve fighter force. Still, by the mid-1930s most of the aircraft were scrapped, the last four being retired in May 1939. The last M.F.9 operational, M.F.9c F.142, was used by the Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk control officer until 28 May 1937 and then stored at the factory until 6 May 1939 when the Ministry of Defence approved of plans to preserve it as a museum piece. Although the final fate of F.142 is not known, it is assumed that it was burned by the German occupation forces during the Second World War. The M.F.9 was never replaced as a fighter in the RNNAS, the service instead choosing to focus on reconnaissance and torpedo aircraft.

Specifications

References

External links

1920s Norwegian fighter aircraft
Floatplanes
MF09
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925


Harlequin and the Fairy's Dilemma, retitled The Fairy's Dilemma shortly after the play opened, is a play in two acts by W. S. Gilbert that parodies the harlequinade that concluded 19th-century pantomimes.

It was produced at the Garrick Theatre by Arthur Bourchier, lessee of the theatre, on 3 May 1904 and ran for 90 performances, closing on 22 July 1904. The work was Gilbert's last full-length play.

Background
The Fairy's Dilemma, "an original domestic pantomime in two acts", was W. S. Gilbert's first play produced since The Fortune Hunter in 1897. He had announced a retirement from the theatre after the poor reception of that play. In 1900, he wrote a story called "The Fairy's Dilemma", published in the Christmas number of The Graphic magazine that year. In 1904, he emerged from his seven-year "retirement" to adapt the story into a play, which he directed himself, as he usually did with his plays.  The Fairy's Dilemma was Gilbert's only play premiered at the Garrick Theatre, which he had built in 1889. Incidental music for the piece was arranged by Edmond Rickett, consisting of popular songs of the 1860s and 1870s, such as "Champagne Charlie".  The Fairy's Dilemma was Gilbert's last full-length non-musical play.

Arthur Bourchier had leased the Garrick in 1900, and he and his wife Violet Vanbrugh starred in numerous plays there over the next six years often producing new works, including The Fairy's Dilemma. The piece garnered enthusiastic opening-night reviews in London on 3 May 1904. According to The New York Times, the play "met with distinct success. It is brilliantly nonsensical".  The Telegraph called it "a new sensation".  The Manchester Guardian wrote, "The piece kept the whole house laughing almost without intermission during the two short hours of its duration.... It restores Mr. Gilbert to the stage in his most irresistibly whimsical vein, and deserves to rank among the brightest and most exhilarating of his productions."  The Observer noted its "immense superiority", "fresh dramatic wit" and the audience's "sensation of delight not less keen than rare", while opining that "age cannot wither" Gilbert's "finish and precision... his mordant wit" and his "brilliant fun". Max Beerbohm, writing in The Saturday Review, however, criticised the show for being more appropriate to the 1870s.

The Fairy's Dilemma is a parody of the conventional harlequinade and of melodrama. However, the play was written decades after the heyday of the harlequinade. Houses were good at first, but despite its initial success and good reviews, the audience dwindled, and it lasted only 90 performances and was withdrawn on 22 July 1904. Violet Vanbrugh speculated that too few theatregoers remembered the old harlequinade well enough to enjoy the parody. Nevertheless, the piece was sent on a brief tour.

Roles and original cast
Supernaturals
 Fairy Rosebud – Jessie Bateman
 Demon Alcohol – Jerrold Robertshaw
 Imps, Goblins, Fairies, etc.

Unnaturals
 Col. Sir Trevor Mauleverer, Baronet, a fastidious Life Guardsman/Clown – Arthur Bourchier
 The Rev. Aloysius Parfitt, a clergyman/Harlequin – O. B. Clarence
 Mr. Justice Whortle/Pantaloon – Sydney Valentine
 Lady Angela Wealdstone, Daughter of the Marquis of Harrow (disguised as Jane Collins)/Columbine – Violet Vanbrugh
 Clarissa Whortle – Dorothy Grimstone
 Mrs. Crumble, Housekeeper to Mr. Parfitt – Miss Ewell

Synopsis
Act I

Fairy Rosebud enters the Abode of Demon Alcohol, who complains bitterly about the law that requires demons to speak in verse; and indeed he is very bad at it. Rosebud is depressed because the Fairy Queen has told her that her incompetence can no longer be tolerated; unless she becomes more attentive to her duties of protecting mortals from demons, she will be sent to the back row of the ballet chorus. She had decided to protect and assist Aloysius Parfitt, a clergyman, and Jane Collins, a nurse. Jane has attracted the attention of Sir Trevor Mauleverer, a colonel in the Life Guards, who Rosebud believes to be a wicked baronet. Rosebud asks the demon to carry Jane off to Sir Trevor's apartment (making it look as if Sir Trevor has had her carried off) so that Rosebud can then rescue Jane and restore her to Aloysius. The demon is attracted to Rosebud and agrees. However, Jane is really Lady Angela Wealdstone, a lady of fashion, in disguise, and Sir Trevor is really an honourable man. Nevertheless, Lady Angela has run away from home to avoid being forced by her father into an arranged marriage with Sir Trevor.

Meanwhile, however, Aloysius is in love with Clarissa Whortle, the daughter of a judge. Sir Trevor has led everyone to believe that he is going to marry Clarissa to assist Aloysius in evading Clarissa's father. Aloysius, on the other hand, has allowed everyone to believe that he will marry Jane. Before going to the Registrar to be married, Aloysius decides that Clarissa's clothing is too fashionable, so Clarissa borrows Jane's nurse attire. Rosebud appears and the mortals criticise her because her skirts are too short. No one wants her assistance, but she explains (mistaking Clarissa for Jane because of the change of clothing) that a demon is planning to carry off the lady. She vanishes, and everyone is angry with her, thinking her rude. Now Demon Alcohol meets Sir Trevor, who has been left alone. The demon is also confused by the change of clothing; he abducts Clarissa (thinking her to be Jane) and takes her to Sir Trevor's lodgings.

Act II

Behind the house of the judge (Clarissa's father), the demon and Rosebud meet. He tells her, mistakenly, that he has abducted the nurse and brought her to Sir Trevor's flat. Rosebud summons the fairies to help her "rescue" the girl, whom she assumes is Jane. Aloysius now arrives to tell the judge of Clarissa's disappearance. Rosebud magically summons Jane (alias Lady Angela), still thinking that it was Jane who was abducted, and Lady Angela magically appears, wearing only her dressing jacket. Rosebud is angry at the demon for carrying off the wrong lady. The only solution, she thinks, is to transform the mortals into harlequinade characters. She changes Parfitt into Harlequin, Jane into Columbine, the judge into Pantaloon and Sir Trevor into Clown. All are angry, but Rosebud insists that they play the harlequinade and uses her magic to force them to do so.

While Rosebud looks on, everyone is affected by the magic and must play their harlequinade parts. When she is not watching, however, they regain their true personalities and are all horrified at the excesses of their harlequinade characters. Matters go from bad to worse, and Rosebud finally relents, agreeing to marry the demon and asking Aloysius to perform the ceremony. All are restored to their original characters, Aloysius embraces Clarissa, and Sir Trevor embraces Lady Angela.

Analysis

Gilbert had always been fascinated by pantomime, particularly the harlequinade that concluded every pantomime in the early and mid-Victorian era. When Gilbert was growing up, the harlequinade was an extremely popular part of the Christmas pantomimes that were produced at most of the major theatres in London. Gilbert admired the elegant dancing part of the Harlequin and in 1879 played this character in a pantomime that he co-authored, The Forty Thieves.  Many of Gilbert's Bab Ballads, stories and other works, especially in the 1860s, reflect his interest in the harlequinade and his ideas about the moral issues that it presented, particularly in connection with the cruel character of Clown.

After writing and thinking about the harlequinade for half a century, and like some of Gilbert's earlier works, The Fairy's Dilemma "sets pantomime fantasy alongside modern everyday life... a harlequinade parodied and subverted." As The Observer noted in their opening night review of the piece, Gilbert turns inside out, as no other dramatist could do as well, conventional Christmas pantomimes, "with their good fairies and wicked demons supernaturally influencing the destinies of unnatural lovers.... Mr. Gilbert makes the goodness of the Fairy Rosebud as perfunctory as the wickedness of the Demon Alcohol; and it is she who, with a view to her own professional advancement, invents for the Demon the malignant plot". Further, in a parody of the melodramatic conventions of the Victorian era, the bad baronet is not bad, the innocent damsel is not innocent, and the stern judge delights in entertaining his court. When the judge turns into Pantaloon, he exclaims, "it's not as great a change as I should have supposed!" As with Gilbert's typical comedies, the joke "depends for much of its point upon the grave unconsciousness of its interpreters".

According to scholar Andrew Crowther, the play explores two ideas that are an important part of many of Gilbert's stage works, including the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.  "One is that stage romance and fantasy should be brought down to earth with reminders of prosaic reality. The other is that real life should take on some of the romance and fantasy of the stage." Crowther notes that in the play, the "supernatural" fairy and demon speak in a more natural manner than the mortals, who Gilbert calls "unnaturals". The play shows the tension between Gilbert's love of the harlequinade and his disapproval of the morality that it portrays. After a lifetime of fascination with the subject, the play resolves Gilbert's deep interest in the subject. According to Crowther, in many ways, the play was the capstone of Gilbert's career. He would write no more full-length plays and only one further opera (Fallen Fairies).

Notes

References

 Crowther, Andrew.  "Clown and Harlequin", W. S. Gilbert Society Journal, vol. 3, issue 23, Summer 2008, pp. 710–21

External links
 Script of The Fairy’s Dilemma
 Photos and drawings from the 1904 production
 Review of the play in The Times, 4 May 1904

Plays by W. S. Gilbert
1904 plays
Works originally published in The Graphic


The Big Fill was an engineering project on the first transcontinental railroad in the U.S. state of Utah. To avoid a costly  tunnel through mountainous terrain east of Promontory Summit, Central Pacific engineers mapped an alternate route that still needed to span the deep Spring Creek Ravine.

Events of 1869
In February 1869, the construction firm of Benson, Farr, & West began construction on a raised bed across the ravine.  Over two months, 500 workers hauled more than  of material to build the rail bed.  At its completion on April 26, the fill extended for  and up to a depth of . The cuts for the Big Fill required 1,500 kegs of black powder.

Big Trestle

 east of the Big Fill, the Union Pacific line was also attempting to cross the same ravine. The Union Pacific was several months behind Central Pacific, and opted to build a wooden trestle instead of using an earthen fill, starting on March 28. The Big Trestle was built in 36 days and was completed on May 5, only 5 days before the golden spike ceremony at Promontory Summit. The Big Trestle, intended to serve as a temporary measure until a permanent fill could be constructed, was  long and  high.

Since Union Pacific were responsible for the transcontinental route east of Promontory, the track was laid across the Big Trestle. However, shortly after completion, the trestle was faulted as weak; in addition, there was a grade across the trestle and a curve at one end.

Line moved
Because Congress had fixed the point of junction as Ogden, not Promontory, controversy over the control of the segment between Promontory and Ogden ensued, but the two companies eventually came to an agreement to move the junction to Ogden, with Central Pacific compensating Union Pacific for the cost of construction materials and labor. Six months after the completion ceremony, Central Pacific was awarded control of that segment. They opted to move the rail line from the poor-quality Big Trestle to the Big Fill, where it remained in use until the rails were removed in 1942, although main line traffic was moved off the Promontory route in 1903 with the completion of the Lucin Cutoff.

Today both sites are part of the Golden Spike National Historic Site; a walking trail from the East Grade Auto Tour takes tourists to view the Big Fill and the remains of the Big Trestle.

References

External links

National Park Service: Golden Spike National Historic Site
 Part 1  Part 2  Part 3

Rail infrastructure in Utah
Southern Pacific Railroad
Union Pacific Railroad


Shere is a former station on the Canadian National Railway east of McBride, British Columbia. It was named by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway after the engineer in charge of construction of this section of the railway.

References

Populated places in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George
Localities in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George


Cvetulja () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Krupanj municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 274 in 2002.

Historical population

1948: 687
1953: 680
1961: 588
1971: 513
1981: 435
1991: 298
2002: 274

References

See also
List of places in Serbia

Populated places in Mačva District


Francisco José Medrano Magaña (born July 14, 1983, in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a former footballer who played as a midfielder. His last team was Sonsonate F.C,

Club career
Medrano joined Alianza Reserves from San Luis Talpa Reserves in 2001 and was barely used for the seniors in the next season, prompting him to leave for Luis Ángel Firpo where he did get significant playing time. In 2010, he moved to Águila, but again he did not play regularly and joined Once Municipal for the 2011 Clausura, only for them to be relegated.

Futsal carrer
After leaving Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador due to economic reasons, Medrano began his Futsal career achieving his first championship with Inter Sivar F.C. in 2021 Medrano along his team won Salvadoran Futsal Second Division earning his pass to Premier League.

On February 2021 was convoqued to play the qualification stage for FIFA Futsal World Cup.

International career
Medrano made his debut for El Salvador in an August 2007 friendly match against Honduras, coming on as a substitute for Eliseo Quintanilla. As of July 2011, he has not played any more internationals.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from San Salvador
Men's association football midfielders
Salvadoran men's footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers
Alianza F.C. footballers
C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo footballers
C.D. Águila footballers
C.D. Once Municipal footballers
Santa Tecla F.C. footballers


Selective Wreckage is a b-sides collection by melodic hardcore group Crime in Stereo.  This compilation features unreleased songs that documented the band's evolution from the 2005 recording sessions for The Troubled Stateside and 2007's Crime in Stereo Is Dead, as well as tracks from the never released split EP with Capital, and songs from many other various recording sessions.

Track listing
"(Panned Auras)"
"Everywhere and All the Time"
"Desertbed"
"Love"
"When the Women Come Out to Dance"
"Takbir"
"The Bride"
"Four X's"
"These People Ought to Know Who We Are and That We Are Here"
"Let Me Take You Out"

References

Crime in Stereo albums
Bridge 9 Records compilation albums


Harvey is a railway point on the Canadian National Railway located in Tête Jaune Cache, British Columbia, approximately 18 km north of Valemount, British Columbia.

References
BCGNIS Geographical Name Query
Tête Jaune Cache, British Columbia

Populated places in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George
Railway points in the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George


Tawaif is an 1985 Indian drama movie. It was produced by R. C. Kumar and directed by B. R. Chopra. It stars Rishi Kapoor, Rati Agnihotri, Poonam Dhillon, Deepak Parashar in lead roles, with Ashok Kumar, Kader Khan, Asrani, Iftekhar, Shashikala, Sushma Seth in other important roles.

Plot
The story is set around a Tawaif, Sultana, who accidentally enters the life of Dawood Mohammed Ali Khan Yusaf Zahi. Dawood has already fallen in love with writer Kaynat Mirza. Dawood finds himself in a situation such that he has to claim that Sultana is his wife. Sultana soon makes room in everybody's heart with her softness and intelligence, love, affection and playfulness. Dawood's life takes a turn when he acknowledges that he cannot forget his first love Kaynat, but neither can he subdue his new, burgeoning feelings for Sultana, whose true identity he cannot reveal to anybody without dire consequences both for himself and for her.

In the end, Dawood accepts he has fallen in love with Sultana, while Sulaiman, who has always cared deeply for Kaynat, confesses his love to her.

Cast
 Ashok Kumar as Mr. Nigam
 Rishi Kapoor as Dawood Mohammed Ali Khan Yusuf Zahi
 Rati Agnihotri as Sultana
 Poonam Dhillon as Kaynat Mirza
 Deepak Parashar as Sulaiman
 Kader Khan as Rahim Shaikh
 Asrani as Constable Pandya
 Iftekhar as Lala Fakirchand
 Shashikala as Bilquis Bai
 Sushma Seth as Ameena Bai

Soundtrack
The music for all the songs were composed by Ravi and penned by Hasan Kamaal.

Awards

 33rd Filmfare Awards:

Won

 Best Story – Dr. Aleem Masroor
 Best Dialogue – Rahi Masoom Raza

Nominated

 Best Film – R. C. Kumar
 Best Actor – Rishi Kapoor
 Best Actress – Rati Agnihotri
 Best Supporting Actress – Sushma Seth
 Best Lyricist – Hasan Kamal for "Bohot Der Se"

References

External links

1980s Hindi-language films
1980s Urdu-language films
1985 films
Films about courtesans in India
Films directed by B. R. Chopra
Films scored by Ravi
Urdu-language Indian films


Asclepias nyctaginifolia is a species of milkweed known by the common name Mojave milkweed. It is native to the southwestern United States from California to New Mexico, where it grows mainly in desert habitat. This is a perennial herb growing up to about half a meter in maximum height when erect, but often bending or drooping. The thick leaves are oval to lance-shaped and arranged in opposite pairs about the stem. The leaves and stem are generally slightly hairy. The inflorescence is a dense umbel up to 8 centimeters wide and packed with pink-tinted pale green flowers. The fruit is a large follicle up to 9 centimeters long.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Southwest Environmental Information Network

nyctaginifolia
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of Arizona
Flora of Nevada
Flora of New Mexico
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Butterfly food plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Hockey Europe is a collaboration of ice hockey leagues within Europe. It was formed by six European Leagues to help negotiate for their rights with the NHL and KHL.

History
Hockey Europe was founded in 2008 by six European hockey leagues to promote cooperation, amicable relations, and unity of these leagues and their member clubs in the middle of the heavy heated competition between then newly launched Russian ice hockey league KHL and the North American NHL.

Hockey Europe will furthermore concentrate to help the six founding members and possible new members to promote and improve professional ice hockey competitions in all its aspects and safeguard the general interests of its members and European ice hockey as a whole. An improvement for Hockey Europe is in the exchange of information and promotion the cooperation and relations of its members with the National Hockey League, USA/Canada (NHL), Kontinental Hockey League, Russia (KHL) and other sports institutions or other professional ice hockey leagues and the clubs, as well as with the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and its National Member Associations.

Current president and voluntary general manager of Hockey Europe is the league manager of the Erste Bank Hockey League, Christian Feichtinger. Hockey Europe has its registered office in Cologne, Germany, and is governed by EU law as a European Economic Interest Group.

Members
Hockey Europe currently has 6 full and 1 associated members:

Full Members
  - SM-liiga
  - Slovak Extraliga
  - Swedish Hockey League
  - Czech Extraliga
  - Deutsche Eishockey Liga
  - ICE Hockey League (with clubs from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy and Slovenia)

Associate Member
  - National League A

See also
 International Ice Hockey Federation

References


In alternative investments, operational due diligence (ODD), is an investigation (due diligence) into operational factors of alternative investment entities such as a hedge fund, private equity fund, or infrastructure fund.

ODD has gained prominence over the past years due to the failure of hedge funds such as Amaranth Advisors and the Bayou Hedge Fund Group. Also contributing to the increase of interest in this field were the actions of alleged rogue traders such as Brian Hunter and alleged Ponzi schemers such as Arthur Nadel, Jérôme Kerviel and Bernard Madoff.

Operational risks are the risks arising from execution of the business functions of any entity, for example an alternative investment fund, and these are distinct from its investment functions.

An ODD exercise does not include within its scope the investment functions of an alternative investment fund and therefore generally does not include the gathering, analysis and verification of information relating to the historic actual or future expected investment performance of such funds, the variance or future expected variance of the returns of such funds, or the appropriateness of the stated strategy of such funds as a (potential) constituent part of the investor's wider portfolio, except insofar as these investment functions are or could themselves be adversely influenced by operational risks.

However, a separate “Investment Due Diligence” (IDD) exercise is often carried out by or on behalf of (potential) investors to consider investment functions. In fact, historically, it can be said that it has been more common for an IDD to be performed than for an ODD to be performed, despite strong academic arguments and empirical evidence that overall risk (i.e., investment risk and operational risk) is best capable of being understood and mitigated where both an IDD and an ODD are performed.

Importance

The historical position is somewhat odd given the prevalence of operational risk failures in, for example, hedge fund scandals and closures over the years. As early as 2003, a study by Christopher Kundro and Stuart Feffer of Capco indicated that operational risk failings were the sole reason for 50% of all hedge fund failures (with operational risk failings being a contributing factor in other failures as well), rather than bad investment decisions alone (38%), and anecdotal evidence seems to imply that (i) the impact of operational risk is at least as pervasive in other (non-hedge fund) types of alternative investment funds, and (ii) that the impact of operational risk failings has not decreased since the Capco study.

For example, a May 2009 derivative lawsuit relating to a feeder fund invested in a managed account that was exposed to Madoff's split strike conversion strategy noted that “the Madoff story bristled with red flags that a financial professional firm performing an evaluation [ODD] and subsequent management and oversight, in good faith, could not have missed.”

The clear implication of this statement is that in the absence of detailed and robust pre-investment and on-going ODD, investors simply missed the operational risks inherent in the structure.

Purpose

The purpose of an ODD exercise is to gather, analyse and (to a degree) verify information relating to operational risks to:
 allow an investor in a specific alternative investment fund to form a considered view as to whether to remain invested or to divest, or
 allow a potential investor in a specific alternative investment fund to form a considered view as to whether to invest or not, and
 (ideally) identify conditions which the investor or potential investor may seek to negotiate to reduce the overall level of operational risk associated with a new or existing investment in such specific alternative investment fund.

A small sample of the items which may be included within the scope of an ODD is outlined below:
 mark to market valuation techniques, and related processes/controls and disclosures
 business continuity and disaster recovery planning
 fraud risk and other irregularities
 behavioral analysis of individuals (e.g. fund directors and employees/principals of the manager of the alternative investment fund) and outsourced service providers, including their incentivisation
 liquidity mechanisms (“lock-ins” and “gates”)
 security of assets
 legal review, covering (amongst other things) design and establishment of the legal structure, advice taken by the alternative investment fund and its manager, material contracts, investment terms, indemnifications and insurances (although this may be performed as a separate legal due diligence)
 review of the controls and processes employed by the fund through its main outsourced service providers (investment manager, fund administrator, transfer agent, etc.) over the management of fund assets to establish whether these are fit for purpose and being followed
 review of the operating processes and record-keeping supporting tax relating to maintaining beneficial tax treatment or "keeping the fund offshore".

Comparison to operational risk considerations in the context of banks' prudential capital requirements

Much of the literature associated with ODD, particularly the academic literature, is based on an underlying definition of operational risk that was originally designed in the context of the banking industry and contained within the Basel Accords, which holds that operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events.

The banking industry is, in most economies, subject to regulation by a national financial services supervisory body, for example the Financial Services Authority in the UK, with the regulatory regime including a requirement for banks to hold at least minimum levels of capital designed to withstand the likely incidence of various risks, including operational risks. The capital held by banks for the purpose of meeting the requirements of the relevant regulator(s) is referred to as their capital requirement or prudential capital.

The imperative of considering operational risk in the context of banks is to ascertain an amount in currency which, if maintained by the bank as capital, should (in theory at least) fully compensate for the expected impact of crystallization of the operational risks faced by the bank. When this “operational risk requirement” is added to the other elements of a bank's prudential capital requirement (relating to non-operational risks faced by the bank), the resulting total gives the bank's “total capital requirement”.

The problem with adopting a banking-style approach to ODD

Some forms of ODD fit neatly within the banking paradigm as described above, in that they look at a discrete number of operational factors, assign probabilities, co-relations between factors and estimated losses (generally based on extrapolations of historic data) and eventually come up with a single metric (analogous to the “operational risk requirement” of a bank) which is then compared to a pre-set threshold to give a simple binary answer to the invest / don’t invest or remain invested / divest question.

Despite according neatly with the theory, such forms of ODD have severe limitations; for example such forms:

• tend to incentivise “window-dressing” behaviours by the manager of the alternative investment fund  (as a checklist-based approach is often employed with the majority of the questions being easily foreseeable by the manager of the alternative investment fund);

• often utilise less-experienced personnel without the experience to ask the right follow up questions or “smell a rat”;

• tend not to react (or not to react quickly enough) to new or developing risks which are industry-wide or to risks that are specific to the alternative investment fund in question or pertinent to the specific investor;

• tend to apply weightings to the risk factors addressed that are static and based on historical data, whereas in reality future likelihood of risk crystallisation and quantum of expected loss on crystallisation are dynamic variables;

• tend to apply correlation factors to separate risks that are static and based on historical data, whereas in reality correlation factors are dynamic variables; and

• tend to give binary results without identifying conditions which the investor or potential investor may seek to put in place (via negotiation with the manager of the alternative investment fund) to reduce the overall level of operational risk associated with a new or existing investment.

Increased compliance focus during operational due diligence reviews

Operational due diligence reviews performed by ODD analysts and investors have increasingly devoted significant portions of the overall reviews towards compliance related matters, which result from increased complexity and volume of global compliance regulations related to alternative investments. It has also been suggested that this trend will continue as changes in established regulations, such as Dodd-Frank, are being considered in the U.S. Investors are increasingly performing operational due diligence reviews on other types of alternative investments, including private equity funds.

Governance  considerations in an operational due diligence context

Analyzing considerations related to the concept of hedge fund governance have increasingly been considered by investors during the context of operational due diligence reviews.

For hedge funds, traditional notions of governance in an ODD context have focused around the Board of Directors of offshore (i.e. - non-US) based vehicles often domiciled in places such as the Cayman Islands.

Recent developments in ODD
Madoff Effect and Operational Drag

A 2010 study shows that frauds such as Madoff have created a so-called Madoff Effect by which investors tend to tailor their operational due diligence around recent frauds while minimizing certain other operational risks.

Other recent developments:

Where a more nuanced approach to ODD is taken, the benefits accruing to the recipients of the ODD report generally include:

 a team with the experience to ask the right follow up questions and “smell a rat” and the professional credibility to be able to get the right information out of interviewees, interpret this and bring to bear experience of common and best practice;
 quality advice as to the relative negotiating power of the (potential) investor and the manager of the relevant alternative investment fund;
 detailed recommendations regarding conditions which the investor or potential investor may wish to consider negotiating with the manager of the alternative investment fund to reduce the overall level of operational risk associated with a new or existing investment;
 consideration of new and developing risks which are industry-wide, and risks that are specific to the alternative investment fund in question or pertinent to the specific investor;

Choosing an ODD provider

Investors may perform operational due diligence themselves or they may work with consultants to either outsource operational due diligence reviews entirely, or to complement their own internal efforts. The general consensus is that the forms of ODD which provide greatest benefit for investors are those characterized by:

• not relying on a checklist approach so that the investigation is bespoke for the investor's specific interests and tailored to the target alternative investment fund;

• offering multi-disciplinary solutions to legal, financial and accounting, tax, regulatory and compliance, risk management, corporate governance and internal control concerns (as opposed to skills in one particular area such as accounting);

• the involvement of a team with the breadth and depth of experience to clearly and succinctly identify “red flags” and propose practical recommendations for risk mitigation and monitoring;

• transparency of detailed findings to the end investor – note that managers of funds of alternative investment funds (e.g. fund of hedge funds managers) typically do not provide full transparency to their investors of the findings of their ODD, with investors simply becoming aware, after the fact, that an investment in an “underlying” fund has been made or that a divestment has occurred;

• succinct written responsibilities and scope, as well as clear legal liability of those performing the ODD for the quality of their work;

• individuals and organizations involved in the performance of the ODD being subject to professional requirements on ethics, independence, minimum levels of professional indemnity insurance and Continuing Professional Development of an appropriate professional body or institute, with underlying work performed as part of the ODD subject to oversight and Quality Assurance reviews by that body or institute.

• being paid for directly by the end user (i.e., the investor) rather than by the alternative investment fund or its manager (due to the conflict of interest created if the fund or its manager is the “client”) or bundled as part of a wider service (for example as is the case with a fund of funds).

See also
Operational risk management
Operational risk

References

External links
 The Importance of Being Diligent - Hedge Fund Fraud Case Studies

Investment
Operational risk


PDFVue is an online PDF viewer and editor. Features included viewing, commenting, annotations, page deletion or rotation, and adding fillable form fields to a PDF. Supported browsers included Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari. A Firefox extension redirects the PDF, enabling viewing and annotation within the browser.

The deskPDF with PDFVue On Ramp release also has a "print to PDFVue" feature, allowing any printable file to be uploaded to PDFVue via the print process, and PostScript technology.

The software has been renamed PDFzen, which was eventually acquired by Philipp Wagner and later merged with Converter.App. The domain name pdfvue.com now points to Converter App.

See also
List of PDF software

Notes

References

External links
Pdfvue Official Website

Cloud applications
Cloud storage
PDF software