Gary Windass is a fictional character from the British soap opera Coronation Street, portrayed by Mikey North. The character appeared for the first time on 14 November 2008 along with his parents, Eddie (Steve Huison) and Anna Windass (Debbie Rush).

During his time on the show, Gary has been involved in romantic relationships with Izzy Armstrong (Cherylee Houston), Alya Nazir (Sair Khan) and Sarah Platt (Tina O'Brien). The character has also engaged in feuds with Sarah's brother David Platt (Jack P Shephard), Izzy's father Owen Armstrong (Ian Puleston-Davies), and most prominently, with Anna's rapist Pat Phelan (Connor McIntyre).

Gary's storylines include his conflict with PTSD after joining the army, forming a business partnership with Owen, bonding with his parents' adopted daughter Faye (Ellie Leach), a brief custody battle against ex-girlfriend Tina McIntyre (Michelle Keegan) after she becomes their surrogate and gives birth to Gary and Izzy's son Jake, a close friendship with Faye's biological father Tim Metcalfe (Joe Duttine), helping Sarah's daughter Bethany (Lucy Fallon) overcome her troubles with bullying in school and being subjugated to child grooming and sexual exploitation by her pimp boyfriend Nathan Curtis (Christopher Harper), a one-night stand with Phelan's daughter Nicola Rubinstein (Nicola Thorp), which results in her giving birth to their son Zack and appointing Faye's boyfriend Seb Franklin (Harry Visinoni) to become his apprentice.

In 2019, Gary became the show's main antagonist when he’s revealed to be the culprit who caused the death of Alya's sister-in-law, Rana Habeeb (Bhavna Limbachia); he sabotaged the Underworld Factory roof in his attempt to sort out his debts to loan shark Rick Neelan (Greg Wood), leading to the collapse of the factory roof and Rana being killed from the incident as a result. The character later killed Rick in self-defence when the latter tried to murder him in the woods, subsequently taking over his criminal empire as a result. Soon afterwards, Gary proceeded to establish a relationship with David's colleague Maria Connor (Samia Longchambon), clash with Rana's brother Imran Habeeb (Charlie De Melo) over the circumstances behind his sister's death, become enemies with ex-girlfriend Sarah's boyfriend Adam Barlow (Sam Robertson) after growing jealous of their newfound romance, develop a feud with Maria's love interest Ali Neeson (James Burrows), hospitalise Ali's brother Ryan (Ryan Prescott) after beating him up for unintentionally stealing his money and blackmail his own client Derek Milligan (Craige Els) into taking part in his scheme to invest the factory - which ultimately sparked the event of Derek instigating a lethal Christmas siege that culminates in his own death, though not after accidentally killing Ali's stepfather Robert Preston (Tristan Gemmill) and shooting David's wife Shona Platt (Julia Goulding) in the resulting impact.

Storylines

Gary arrives in Weatherfield with his uncle Len (Conor Ryan). Together, they steal tools that belong to local builder Joe McIntyre (Reece Dinsdale). Shortly afterwards, Gary and Len steal and burn out a sports car that Joe's stepson David Platt (Jack P. Shepherd) and his friend Graeme Proctor (Craig Gazey) had been driving. Gary is later furious when David smugly informs him that the car was already stolen. Gary and the rest of his family later move next door to the Platts' where their quarrel continues to heighten.

On Christmas Eve 2008, he flirts with Rosie Webster (Helen Flanagan) in The Rovers Return Inn. The pair then get drunk on Rosie's birthday champagne and end up in bed together that night much to the annoyance of her parents, Kevin (Michael Le Vell) and Sally (Sally Dynevor). The following day, Gary virtually ignores Rosie when he arrives at the Platts' Christmas dinner party. He then gets into a fist fight with David after telling him he has set his sights on his girlfriend - Joe's daughter Tina (Michelle Keegan).

On New Year's Day 2009, Gary constantly pesters Tina, which results in Joe warning him off. In spite of the tension, Gary shares a relatively friendly relationship with Tina and enjoys winding David up by repeatedly bragging that Tina was soon going to be his girlfriend.

After Gary nearly brawls with Joe, he talks Len into helping him steal expensive copper piping from Joe's workplace. Joe is initially the prime suspect, but David tells the police he had seen Gary and Len laughing and driving away the night of the theft. Gary is thrilled to learn that Tina believes he is innocent, as this drives a further wedge between her and David.

In January 2009, Gary continually follows and taunts David following him down the street. During an altercation, Gary mentions several things from David's past, including him driving into the lake in an attempt to commit suicide and accidentally pushing his mother Gail Platt (Helen Worth) down the stairs. Things escalate when David enters his house, having seen Tina approaching, Gary blocks him from shutting the door and tells him "Come out and fight me like a man or are you scared?" David shoves Gary back and after a few more words the pair fight. Gary gets the better of it and David is left on the floor after the fight, later it emerges that he has a broken nose and concussion. After the fight, Gary flees but he is arrested upon his return. Tina lies to the police after David asks her to; the story also received media attention ahead of the air date.

Gary starts to become very worried that he is going to prison as Tina continues to persist with her claims. He gets very angry when he discovers that Len has been intimidating Tina into changing her story and apologises to her for Len's behaviour. On 2 March 2009, Gary's court hearing takes place, during which Tina admits to the prosecution that she had been lying about who started the fight. Gary is cleared of the assault charge much to his relief and his family's delight.

A few months after the verdict, David begins plotting against Gary. He steals tools from Kevin's garage which belonged to Kevin's father Bill (Peter Armitage) and lets Gary take the blame for it, only to defend him, this is a way for him to make Gary believe the air is cleared between the pair as they shake hands and make up. David tricks Gary into buying stolen goods from him - but they actually belong to Graeme. In June 2009, David takes full revenge on Gary when Gail and his grandmother Audrey Roberts (Sue Nicholls) go abroad. He tricks Gary into robbing a house - which is Audrey's - David steals the keys and hides all photos of his family so Gary will not know whose house he is burgling. While David deliberately stays home during the burglary, he asks Graeme to spy on Gary as he goes to the house, Gary is about to go home when he hears that David is not coming, but instead goes into the house. Graeme tells David about this via phone and David tells him to call the police. However, David's grandfather Ted Page (Michael Byrne), who is housesitting, arrives at Audrey's. Gary sees him and pushes him as he tries to make a run for it, while Ted chases him. Ted recognises him and calls the police. Gary returns to the Street only to see a police car outside his house. He has no choice but to run away. David's plan to frame Gary and get rid of him has tragic consequences as Ted later has a heart attack, which he survives. Len offers Gary an alibi, but Gary is still arrested, only to be released later. Gary realises that David has set him up and attacks him, warning him not to cross him again. Gary had told his parents and the police that he wasn't robbing Audrey's house, however, he later tells his parents the truth and decides to confess to the police.

Gary apologises to Ted for what happened - although this is halted by David - Ted accepts the apology and even helps build bridges between Gail and the Windass family. However, the Windasses have since been shunned by the rest of the Street; when Gary goes to the corner shop, he is ignored by Tina and taunted by Minnie Chandra (Poppy Jhakra), although Molly Dobbs (Vicky Binns) is less judgmental. Gary and his father, Eddie Windass (Steve Huison) are told to get out of the kebab shop by Tina and are later ridiculed by Janice Battersby (Vicky Entwistle) and Sean Tully (Antony Cotton). On 26 June 2009, Gary is sentenced, much to the delight of David, however, Gary tells the police about David's involvement in the burglary and David is the one who is shunned as a result. While Gary is incarcerated, David is beaten up on the street by an unknown attacker. When Gary is released, he gleefully reveals to David that he organised it.

In November 2009, Gary makes an insulting remark about the armed forces when he sees Ted wearing a poppy for Remembrance Day. Ted and Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne) vent their anger at Gary, who takes it to heart, apologising to Ted the next day. He asks to hear about his days of service. Ted's stories soon lead Gary to go on a taster weekend for the army, after which he decides to sign up.

In January 2010, an emotional going-away party is held for him in the Rovers, David shakes hands with him, while slyly putting an archery target on his back. Anna is furious when she discovers this, Gary tells her not to rise to it and calls David a 'loser' in front of everyone, it appears that the pub are more on Gary's side. After a tearful goodbye, he says goodbye to his parents and leaves in the back of a cab.

Gary returns several weeks later with Luke "Quinny" Quinn (Steven Bell), a friend who is also in the armed forces. During their visit, Quinny receives news that his brother, also serving in the Army, has lost his legs in a roadside bomb. The news makes Gary and Anna even more anxious about potentially going to war. Indeed, several weeks later, Gary goes AWOL through fear of what might happen in a warzone. He is discovered by David, who agrees to keep quiet. However, upon seeing the stress Anna is under, David informs the Windass parents of Gary's whereabouts. Eddie later convinces him to return to the Army. In September 2010, Gary and Quinny return for another visit before they go to Afghanistan. Becky McDonald's (Katherine Kelly) half-sister Kylie Turner (Paula Lane) sets her sights on Gary and the two end up sleeping together in Mary Taylor's (Patti Clare) motor home. Gary soon tires of Kylie, however, and attempts to win the affection of Izzy Armstrong (Cherylee Houston). To prove himself, he stands up to a man who makes an insulting comment about Izzy's disability. Gary and Quinny later get into a fight outside the Rovers with the men in question and Gary punches the thug. A passing Kirk Sutherland (Andrew Whyment) tells Gary and Quinny to go before anybody sees them. Kirk later takes the blame for the attack, with a relieved Gary thankful to Kirk for saving his Army career. The night before he heads out to Afghanistan, Gary finally gets together with Izzy.

An army officer visits Anna and Eddie in November 2010, informing them that Gary was involved in a roadside bomb and is severely injured whereas the other troops, including Quinny, had died as a result. He also states that Gary will be sent to Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham in Birmingham. Roy Cropper (David Neilson) informs the public at the Rovers about the tragic news and, as a mark of respect, he requests a 2-minute silence. Gary is psychologically and emotionally scarred as a result of the attack. He lashes out at those around him, including Anna. He plans on visiting Quinny's bereaved parents but cannot face it and doesn't go. The chaotic aftermath of the street's tram crash on 6 December 2010 triggers Gary's post-traumatic stress disorder and he is forced to flee to his home where he breaks down in tears. He becomes increasingly more withdrawn and begins drinking alone much to the concern of Izzy, Eddie and Anna. Eventually, Gary manages to deal with this problem himself and eventually faces Quinny's parents which seems to have helped him a lot.

Gary becomes obsessed with Izzy's welfare. He takes a job at Underworld so he can be around her more. Izzy goes into town with Sean and Julie Carp (Katy Cavanagh) to get away from Gary for a while, only to get robbed at a cash point. Gary then takes Izzy's wheelchair away so she cannot leave the house and says he will later return it. He then keeps her imprisoned in the house until Izzy's father Owen (Ian Puleston-Davies) rescues Izzy. He then breaks up with Izzy. When Owen takes an interest in Anna, her adopted daughter Faye Butler (Ellie Leach) steals Owen's phone so that she and Anna can go to the cinema as planned instead of Anna meeting Owen at The Rovers. Faye later sends Anna a message that Owen does not want to meet her. After Anna finds out about the situation, she tells Owen she is not interested. Later, Owen and Anna sleep together. Anna does not know if she has made the right decision, so she tells Gary, who then sets Owen and Anna up at The Bistro. By then, Faye and Gary have gradually bonded. In July 2012, Izzy and Gary decide to have a baby. Izzy miscarries and they try to adopt, but can't, due to Gary's criminal record. Izzy's sister Katy (Georgia May Foote) offers to be a surrogate mother to their baby. At first, they all agree, but Katy's ex-boyfriend Chesney Brown (Sam Aston) at first refuses to let them do it. Chesney finally agrees, but Izzy sees it isn't fair, so she calls it off – she also breaks up with Gary because of his desire to be a dad and her not being able to give him that. They reunite and eventually select Tina as their surrogate after Owen offers to pay her. Tina is successfully impregnated with Gary and Izzy's child in November 2012, and her pregnancy goes smoothly for the first trimester, although Tina grows aggravated at Gary's interference. However, in April 2013, Gary's feelings for Tina become more romantic after Izzy leaves an antenatal class due to Gary's touching of Tina. Gary later acts on his feelings for Tina and makes a pass at her, but she rejects him. Izzy overhears Gary and Tina discussing what happened and as the pair argue Tina goes into labour. Tina gives birth to a baby boy prematurely, and Izzy stops Gary from seeing him as he tried to cheat on her. As Gary and Izzy continue to argue, Tina becomes convinced they won't make good parents, so she decides to name the baby Joe and keep him for herself. Izzy and Gary visit lawyers but find out it will take years to get Joe back. Gary is devastated when Izzy gives up fighting and tells Tina she can keep Joe. Afterwards, Izzy begins to soften towards Gary, and he moves back in with her.

In October 2013, Gary learns that Owen is having trouble with being owed £4,000 from his client Pat Phelan (Connor McIntyre). He later helps Owen break into Phelan's house to steal his motorcycle and lock the vehicle into his yard, which later forces Phelan to repay his debt to Owen. Later on, Phelan and his wife Valerie (Caroline Berry) visited the Armstrong-Windass family around Christmas that year. Phelan proposed that Gary and Owen work alongside him on a building project that will allow them to make £200,000 in exchange for Owen investing his £80,000 savings onto the project, to which he reluctantly agrees.

In 2014 onwards, the partnership seems to go well at first until Gary learns from Izzy that Phelan has developed sexual feelings towards Anna. This prompts Gary to confront Phelan when all the builders, including Owen, have left the worksite. As Gary demands that Phelan stay away from his mother, Phelan begins to badmouth Anna - which causes Gary to punch Phelan in response. This results in the pair fighting, with Phelan getting the upper hand until Gary picks up a plank of wood and uses it to hit the latter, knocking Phelan unconscious as a result. Gary, believing he has killed Phelan, calls Owen to tell him what has happened and later brings him to the worksite, where they are surprised to find that Phelan has vanished.

A few days later in March 2014, Phelan reappears at Weatherfield and summons Gary and Owen without the rest of their family's knowledge, telling the duo how he plans to get revenge on them over the incident. When they attempt to end their partnership with Phelan the following morning, he takes Gary and Owen into the site office and shows them a CCTV footage of Gary attacking him. Phelan assures Gary and Owen that he has further copies and then demands that either they complete the work for a minimum wage — gleaning no profit — or he would hand the CCTV footage into the police. Despite Gary's reluctance, Owen complies with Phelan's orders as he does not want his grandson Jake to grow up without a father if Gary were to be sent to prison. Phelan relishes in blackmailing Owen and Gary, such as ordering the former to wash his car and getting the latter to dig a grave for a dead pigeon. This effectively strains Owen and Gary's friendship, as they begin to take their frustrations out on each other as well as their family. Phelan continues to overwork the pair by forcing them to remove perfectly fitted windows from the building his crewmen are working on, an act which nearly causes Gary to lash out at Phelan until Owen quickly stops him. Gary soon plans to get even on Phelan by stealing a shipment of tiles from him, but Phelan quickly finds out that it was Gary and was ready to report him to the police until Owen manages to stop him — pointing out that Gary's wages are already being docked because of the situation he caused in the first place. Phelan agrees not to report Gary to the police, but instead tells Owen that he'll be keeping the £80,000 that he invested onto their project — which turns out to be what Phelan had intended to do all along to exact revenge on Owen for stealing his motorbike and being forced to pay what was owed. Owen later blames Gary for the predicament that Phelan has inflicted upon them. When Phelan takes Valerie on a holiday trip the next day, Gary breaks into their house in an attempt to extract the CCTV footage. However, Owen quickly stops him in his tracks — reminding Gary that Phelan has multiple copies. The two start planning on seeking other job placements in order to prevent Phelan from blackmailing them any further, but this fails when Phelan learns about the break-in at his house and deduces Gary's involvement. In retaliation, Phelan arranges for Owen to be removed from the council's list of approved builders — effectively blacklisting him, which meant Owen could no longer get any independent work.

In April 2014, Gary and Owen are surprised when Phelan later tells the pair that he is releasing them from his project and later departs Weatherfield. This relieves Gary and Owen, but the pair are later devastated when Anna admits that she is the reason why Phelan released them from his contract; Phelan had blackmailed her into sleeping with him, effectively raping Anna as a result. Moreover, Gary's friendship with Owen is further strained when the latter punches him during an argument over their ordeal — which proves evident when the bailiffs turn up to clear Owen of his debts that he is unable to repay as a result of what Phelan did to them. Eventually, Owen makes amends with Gary and later departs Weatherfield the following year after he and Anna are unable to resume their relationship.

By 2015, Gary has already formed a relationship with one of his newest neighbors - Alya Nazir (Sair Khan). The two first meet in the club during a night out and he later wakes up the following morning in her bed, but Alya reassures him nothing happened. Gary soon splits from Izzy and Alya apologizes to Izzy after believing they split due to her and Gary kissing. Gary and Alya soon start going out, but Alya dreads telling her family and when Gary and Alya spend time at Alya's house, Alya's father Kal (Jimi Mistry) and grandmother Yasmeen (Shelley King) catch them in a compromising position and misunderstands the situation. Gary and Alya's relationship is soon accepted by Alya's family, though her brother Zeedan Nazir (Qasim Akhtar) takes more time. After Kal's death, Gary proposes to Alya, but Alya isn't sure after sleeping with Gary's friend Jason Grimshaw (Ryan Thomas); in her grief over her father's death she had wanted to sleep with Gary for the first time. He refused, as he knew she was only acting out of grief, and she slept with Ryan. However, she later changes her mind. Alya confesses to Gary that she slept with someone else, and Gary is led to believe it is her boss Aidan Connor (Shayne Ward) who slept with her. Gary plans to confront Aidan until Jason admits that he slept with Alya. After overcoming another broken relationship, Gary goes to Germany to stay with his dad.

He later returns in 2016 - whereupon he insists on working at the gym. Whilst working there, Gary befriends David's niece Bethany Platt (Lucy Fallon) after she collapses as a result of taking diet pills that she purchased from the internet. He confronts her about the pills, and she confides in him about her GCSE results.

In October 2016, Gary rescues David's daughter Lily (Brooke Malonie) when she is nearly run-over by her father, who was driving in a petrol-soaked car in an attempt to kill Clayton Hibbs (Callum Harrison), the convict who killed Kylie back in July 2016, but ended up trapped underneath the car after David was barely able to swerve out of the way before flipping the vehicle over. David and the other residents of the street were able to lift the car to free Gary and Lily before a spark caused the car to explode. Gary then watched in horror as a fireball from the car struck Anna and set her on fire, but Kevin and Nick were able to extinguish the flames. Gary later went with a badly burned Anna to hospital, where she gradually recovered from her injuries. Gary soon learns that David is to blame for Anna's predicament when Bethany's mother, Sarah (Tina O'Brien), privately tells him the truth about the incident. This results in Gary confronting and punching David, but he later forgives him at Sarah's urging. Gary and Sarah quickly form a relationship afterwards, despite Bethany developing romantic feelings towards Gary.

The couple and David soon work together with the latter's new girlfriend, Shona Ramsey (Julia Goulding), to imprison her ex-boyfriend Nathan Curtis (Christopher Harper) after learning that he has been sexually grooming and exploiting Bethany into his pimp business. They are eventually successful when Nathan and his conspirators, including corrupt policeman Neil Clifton (Ben Cartwright) and fellow accomplice Ian Yardley (Anthony Bowers), are all found guilty of raping Bethany and receive maximum prison sentences.

It is at this point where Pat Phelan has returned to Weatherfield after his marriage with Valerie fell apart thanks to her learning about what he did to the Armstrong and Windass families. His feud with Gary resurfaces when Gary confronts Phelan upon spotting him at the garage, but Anna urges him to stay away from Phelan for his own safety. Despite this, they continue to clash as Phelan sparks the events of Jason leaving Weatherfield for Thailand by sabotaging his business empire and later usurping his position as the landlord of a flat. This escalates when Phelan defrauds Sarah, along with Alya's grandmother Yasmeen Nazir (Shelley King) and her friend Rita Sullivan (Barbara Knox), in his flats scam project called "Calcutta Street" — which culminates with Phelan causing the death of Sarah's stepfather Michael Rodwell (Les Dennis) by watching him die of a heart attack without providing help. As Gary helps Sarah and her family as they grieve over Michael's death, he finds himself having to embark on some dangerous jobs in Ukraine in order to repay some of his debts. He soon confines his troubles with Phelan's long-lost daughter, Nicola Rubinstein (Nicola Thorp), and the two later have a one-night stand. Gary quickly regrets upon learning that Nicola is Phelan's daughter, and he initially tells her to stay away from him, but later befriends Nicola after she discovers what Phelan did to him and Anna. Their companionship becomes troubled when Nicola learns that she is pregnant, and Gary finds out that he is the father. Moreover, Phelan has set up Anna for pushing Faye's boyfriend Seb Franklin (Harry Visinoni) off a ladder in retaliation for turning Nicola against him. Despite his efforts to prove his mother's innocence, Anna is found guilty for Seb's accident and is sentenced to five years imprisonment; Gary misses the verdict after being mugged whilst he and Bethany's close friend, Craig Tinker (Colson Smith), attempt to stop her from working as a lap dancer.

Following Anna's imprisonment, Gary continues with her campaign to bring Phelan to justice for his crimes against them. He teams up with Nicola and Seb, along with Faye's father Tim Metcalfe (Joe Duttine), to prove that Phelan is responsible for killing their neighbour Luke Britton (Dean Fagan), after Seb had deduced that Phelan is the killer upon being manipulated by the latter into touching his gun, the weapon that Phelan used to kill Luke, and later finding out that Luke had been shot before dying in a vehicle explosion. Their efforts seem futile at first until Seb later tells Gary that he believes Phelan has hidden the gun at his worksite, which leads the pair to try and uncover it. However, they are surprised to learn that Phelan has actually hidden two bodies at the worksite — which nevertheless exposes the truth about Phelan killing Michael and Luke. It soon transpires that the two bodies were Phelan's business partner Vinny Ashford (Ian Kelsey) and Luke's best-friend Andy Carver (Oliver Farnworth) — both of whom Phelan killed after keeping Andy captive in an abandoned warehouse for nearly the entirety of 2017 and uses the opportunity to exact revenge on Vinny for betraying him at the conclusion of their "Calcutta Street" scam.

With Phelan's crimes exposed and presumed dead following a showdown with Jason's mother Eileen (Sue Cleaver), whom he previously married back in January 2017, Gary is granted ownership of the yard and helps Faye collaborate with their friend Daniel Osbourne (Rob Mallard) planning to secure Anna's release from her false imprisonment. During the preparations, Gary is hospitalized after David brutally assaults him during a charity boxing match between them. While Sarah is left outraged at her brother's behaviour, Gary grows concerned for David and is surprised to later find out that he had been raped by his new friend Josh Tucker (Ryan Clayton), and was suggesting from PTSD.

In May 2018, Nicola gives birth to her and Gary's child - Zack. However, Gary doesn't show up at the hospital while Nicola is giving birth upon making a discovery - Phelan has resurfaced. He plans to get revenge on Phelan for what he did to his family over the past four years and ends up tracking him from his hiding place in Albergele. Gary then calls his ex-militant associate, Joe Haslam (Chord Melodic), to help with his plans - though Joe initially refuses and leaves Gary on his own. However, after Phelan overpowers Gary upon being attacked, Joe returns and knocks Phelan unconscious before he could harm Gary. Together, they bring Phelan back to Weatherfield and hold him captive in the yard - where Sarah returns and discovers the situation just as Joe leaves the area. As Gary attempts to stop Sarah from calling the police whilst ignoring her efforts to talk him out of revenge, Phelan manages to free himself and subdues Gary by hitting him with a chair. Phelan then retrieves his gun, locks Gary and Sarah in the yard, and proceeds to confront Eileen and Nicola so he could get to see Zack. While attempting to escape, Gary and Sarah are released from their captivity by Anna - who herself has been released from prison at the time Phelan was presumed dead. The trio promptly rush off to stop Phelan, who ends up shooting Nicola after she tried to disarm him. As Anna heads down to confront Phelan at the Bistro, where he has instigated a hostage situation, Gary retrieves Zack while Sarah rushes over to Eileen and Seb - who were both knocked unconscious by Phelan during the struggle. Eventually, Anna prevents Phelan from escaping Weatherfield by stabbing him with a knife - though not before the latter ended up shooting the restaurant's co-owner Michelle Connor (Kym Marsh); however, she survives whilst Phelan dies from Anna's stabbing. Following Phelan's death, Anna leaves Weatherfield and Gary manages to make amends with Nicola after she discovers that he was the reason behind Phelan's siege. Nicola eventually leaves Weatherfield with Zack, despite Gary's initial protests.

In 2019, nearly a year later after Phelan's death, Gary retrieves Sarah's phone from her boss and Michelle's best-friend Carla (Alison King) - which transpires that Gary is responsible for sabotaging the roof at the Underworld Factory, thus causing the death of Alya's sister-in-law Rana Habeeb (Bhavna Limbachia) after she died from the roof collapse. By then, Gary finds himself in debt to Tina's loan shark Rick Neelan (Greg Wood) and is forced to work for him. When Rick later attempts to kill Gary in a bid to tie up loose ends of his loan sharking activities, Gary ends up killing Rick by beating him to death with a rock. He manages to cover-up his involvement in both Rana's death and Rick's murder, but this contributes to his aggressive behaviour that results in Sarah ending their relationship. He soon clashes with Rana's brother Imran (Charlie de Melo) over the circumstances behind his sister's death, and later becomes enemies with his colleague Adam Barlow (Sam Robertson) - particularly as Sarah and Adam end up developing romantic feelings for each other. Gary soon bonds with Michelle and Carla's sister-in-law, Maria (Samia Longchambon), and they form a relationship. This escalates as Maria's ex-boyfriend Ali Neeson (James Burrows), who recently dumped Maria after inadvertently leaving her son Liam in danger, develops a feud with Gary after discovering his status as a loan-shark - with Gary having assumed ownership of Rick's criminal empire after the latter's death. Moreover, Ali's brother Ryan (Ryan Prescott) - whom Gary previously clashed over his broken relationship with Katy - has unwittingly stolen Gary's money from his desk at his shop. Gary later beats up Ryan after the latter is unable to repay him the money back.

Overtime, Gary plans to usurp control of the Underworld Factory and conducts a plan where his client Derek Milligan (Craige Els) - who owes Gary money - is summoned to pose as a businessman seeking to rebuild the Underworld Factory. Gary soon blackmails Derek into upholding his scheme to takeover the factory, going as far as to threaten his family should he not comply with his orders. However, when Derek attempts to stand up to Gary and nearly foils his scheme as a result, Gary retaliates by holding him captive until Christmas Eve that year. Because of this, Derek has lost his last-chance of reconciling with his ex-wife and their children. Seeking retribution, Derek steals a gun from Gary's shop and ends up instigating a siege in The Rovers while trying to find Gary. When Gary attempts to call his bluff, Derek fires the gun to prove his intent on killing Gary - unknowingly shooting Michelle's estranged husband, Robert Preston (Tristan Gemmill), in the process. Derek's siege culminates with him and Gary fighting near a roof, whereupon Shona gets shot during the struggle - wherein Gary also gets shot before Derek ends up tumbling below the roof. Gary attempts to bring Derek up to safety, but loses his grip and could only watch as Derek falls to his death. Gary is later rushed to hospital, where he learns that Shona will recover from her gunshot wound while Robert has died from his injuries.

Creation

Background
The character of Gary was created as part of a new family unit that new producer Kim Crowther introduced to the soap opera, consisting of a mother, father, son and uncle. They were originally billed as a storyline device for established character David Platt. An ITV spokesperson said of the character and his onscreen family: "The Windass family are very rough and ready, always ducking and diving. Early on they get involved with David Platt when he helps to fit a new kitchen in the Windass family home. However, Anna thinks the work is shoddy and refuses to pay for it. David goes round, rips out the kitchen and sets fire to it outside the family’s house." fellow actress Debbie Rush said of their entrance and choice of surname for the family, that they would be prepared for the public taunts they would receive for their surname. The character was originally called Carl Windass but was changed last minute to Gary Windass after a series of name changes to all the members of the family since their inception, but before appearing on screen.

Upon their on-screen arrival it panned out almost as planned seeing him arrive as the son of Eddie and Anna Windass. Gary and his uncle Len went after David Platt and Joe McIntyre after David menaced his parents into handing over the money they owed for a new kitchen. Even though he has been brought up by his parents Gary looks up to his uncle who has had a heavy impact on his personality and his antics on the wrong side of the law.

Development

Personality and identity
The character of Gary is quite one-sided at first with him being presented as a typical bad boy. Actor Mikey North who portrays the character told the Scarborough Evening News that he is a hard nut type of guy but has plenty more side to come out stating: "Gary has a lot of sides to him. He is a bit of a hard nut, but also a charmer with the ladies.". Also he calls his character a lovable rogue. His traits and personality are based on what his onscreen uncle tells him to act like and in an interview with media website Digital Spy he talks about this saying: "He gets it all from his uncle Len, who in a way is his idol. Gary copies his uncle and wants to be like him, even though he realises that it's not the best thing to do." In the same interview he also speaks about the fact that Gary is in love with himself and thinks he can get any girl he wants with his own one-liners and the fact he loves to know that he is succeeding in winding people up with his antics. Popular Corrie coverage website Corrieblog described the character as cunning in the 'thick way' as he knows he would have to face consequences for fighting after he continually wound fellow character David Platt up.

After six months of the character being on screen, North commented more about his character saying: "The first time you step onto the Street you have to stamp your mark as to what kind of character you are. At first Gary was shouty and happy to be aggressive, but the more you see it, his nicer side is coming out. In the run-up to the court case, you see him showing affection towards his family. He fears the worst. He thinks he's going to go down. He's worried about his mum too."

Reception
Tony Stewart of The Mirror said of Gary that David Platt has met his match in the character and the two of them have enough criminal convictions, Asbos and restraining orders to wallpaper over their living room and comparing Gary and his family's criminal record to that of the Battersbys', saying the latter compared to them it's like a day out with the Von Trapp family. Grace Dent of The Guardian stated her love for the Windass family and of the character Gary, and she went on to describe him stating: "Gary Windass loves thieving cars, stealing tools from vans, spitting globs of phlegm between his front teeth and, at the mere hint of sunshine, strutting about with his top off wearing trakkie-beeees that cry out for a good boil wash. But that's fine by me as he's TWOC'd all of David Platt's thunder.."

MSN branded Gary and his family as chavs (Gary being the prime example) and being perfect guests for the Jeremy Kyle show, and going on to calling them a million miles away from lower class yobbish families 'The Mortons' and 'The Battersbys'. Whereas Simon Swift of Soaplife magazine commented on the fact that on first looks he couldn't help feeling that Gary and the rest of the clan are a bit too much like original neighbours-from-hell the Battersbys. The character was also noted for the big impression he made within the soap in such a short space of time by Rick Fulton of The Daily Record So much so that he has been nominated for Villain Of The Year in The British Soap Awards 2009, which he did not go on to win. Kris Green of media website Digital Spy praised and commented on the fact that Gary and her family had 'settled in so well, in such a short space of time', with actor Mikey North stating that their success is down to the good writing and many plotlines the family received in the short time period. Mikey North also said that even though his character is a bad boy he has gained the public support after beating David Platt up, branding him as a legend for being the first one to do it. (The public loathe the character of David's antics)

In August 2017, North was longlisted for Sexiest Male at the Inside Soap Awards. He did not progress to the viewer-voted shortlist.

References

External links
Gary Windass at itv.com

Coronation Street characters
Fictional criminals in soap operas
Fictional British Army personnel
Television characters introduced in 2008
Fictional murderers
Fictional characters with post-traumatic stress disorder
Fictional War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) veterans
Fictional waiting staff
Fictional characters with psychiatric disorders
British male characters in television
Fictional construction workers
Male villains
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional henchmen
Fictional gangsters
Fictional career criminals
Fictional characters incorrectly presumed dead
Fictional hostages and kidnapped people


These are the results for the voting for the National Soccer Hall of Fame 2009 induction class.  Jeff Agoos and Joy Fawcett were selected for the player category.

The Hall of Fame inducts individuals in three categories, Player, Veteran and Builder.  The Hall of Fame also selects individuals for special awards including the Colin Jose Media Award, Eddie Pearson Award and a Medal of Honor.

Player
To be eligible in this category, a player must have been retired at least three years and not more than ten.  Voting began on November 3, 2008 and ended December 3, 2008.  Any player who was named on at least 66.7% of the ballots cast was selected for induction.  Any player who received less than 5% of the ballots was dropped from the player eligibility list and will be placed on the Veterans eligibility list when they meet the criteria for that list.

On January 16, 2009, the Hall of Fame announced the results of the player ballot.  The announcement came on live television, a first for the Hall of Fame, broadcast from the annual NSCAA convention in St. Louis, Missouri.

Voting results
Voters cast 159 votes.  The balloting was tight with only two individuals exceeding the minimum of 66.7% required for induction.

Elected to the Hall of Fame:
 Jeff Agoos 67.9%
 Joy Fawcett 66.7%

Not elected but remaining on future ballots:

Eligible players
The following individuals were also declared eligible for induction in 2009, but were not among the top vote getters.

Veteran
On February 2, 2009, the Hall of Fame announced that none of the sixteen veteran candidates had received enough votes for induction into the hall.  The top five candidates are as follows:

The Veterans Screening Committee had selected the following sixteen candidates from a pool of over 300 eligible players.

Builder
On February 2, 2009, the Hall of Fame announced that none of the sixteen builder candidates had received enough votes for induction into the hall.  The top five candidates are as follows:

The Builder's Screening Committee had selected the following fifteen candidates from a list of over 50 eligible candidates.

External links
 2009 Eligibility List

National Soccer Hall of Fame Induction Class
National Soccer Hall of Fame Induction Classes


Patrol Squadron 46 (VP-46), also known as the "Grey Knights", is a maritime patrol squadron of the United States Navy based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington. Part of Patrol and Reconnaissance Wing Ten, VP-46 is the oldest maritime patrol squadron and the second oldest aircraft squadron in the entire U.S. Navy, second only behind VFA-14.

The squadron was originally established as Patrol Squadron 5-S (VP-5S) on 1 July 1931, redesignated Patrol Squadron 5-F (VP-5F) on 1 April 1933, redesignated Patrol Squadron 5 (VP-5) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 33 (VP-33) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 32 (VP-32) on 1 October 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 32 (VPB-32) on 1 October 1944, redesignated Patrol Squadron 32 (VP-32) on 15 May 1946, redesignated Medium Patrol Squadron (Seaplane) 6 (VP-MS-6) on 15 November 1946 and redesignated Patrol Squadron 46 (VP-46) on 1 September 1948.

Operational history

1 July 1931: VP-5S was established at NAS Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone, while on exercises at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, coming under Commander Air, Scouting Force with sister squadrons VPs 3S, 8S and 10S. Upon completion of Fleet Problem No. XII, newly designated VP-5S returned to its home base at NAS Coco Solo.
1 February 1932: VP-5S and VP-2S were transferred for patrol duties to NAS San Diego, California.
March 1932: VP-5S flew to San Francisco, to take part in Fleet Problem XIII, based on . They returned to San Francisco for Fleet Problem XIV in February 1933.
1 April 1933: VP-5S was redesignated VP-5F, under the organizational command of Base Force.
22 April 1933: VP-5F was reassigned to its old home base at NAS Coco Solo, with VP-2F.
May 1933: VP-5F flew from NAS Coco Solo to NAS Norfolk, Virginia, then on to Philadelphia, where the squadron's PM-2 aircraft were turned in. New P2Y-1 seaplanes were received at Norfolk and were prepared for the return trip to Coco Solo. In June the second division of six squadron aircraft returned to Coco Solo with several stops in Florida and Jamaica.
7 September 1933: The squadron's first division made the first nonstop flight from NAS Hampton Roads, Virginia, to NAS Coco Solo, in six new P2Y-1 seaplanes under the command of Lieutenant Commander Herman E. Halland. The squadron flew a distance of  in 25 hours and 19 minutes, establishing the longest nonstop seaplane formation flight to date, surpassing the previous record by . Upon arrival, the six new aircraft were turned in to VP-10F in exchange for six slightly older P2Ys.
21 April 1934: VP-5F, 2F, 3F, 7F and 9F participated in Fleet Problem XV in support of fleet operations off Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico.
1 January 1935: VPs 5F and 3F participated in exercises in the Caribbean to test seaplane operations in the open ocean from tenders USS Wright, ,  and .
August 1935: VPs 5F and 2F participated in advanced base operations in Trujillo Bay, Honduras, tended by USS Lapwing and USS Teal.
January 1936: VP-5F conducted advanced base operations at Santelmo Bay, Perlas Islands, tended by USS Teal.
23 February 1937: VP-5F participated in extended flight operations in the Caribbean with VP-2F, based at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; Mayaguez and San Juan, Puerto Rico; St. Thomas, Culebra; and Balhia Honda, Colombia.
1 October 1937: VP-5F was redesignated VP-5 when Navy patrol squadrons were reorganized under the command of Patrol Wings. VPs 5, 2 and 3 came under Patrol Wing-3, NAS Coco Solo.
14 May – 14 September 1938: VP-5 departed Coco Solo for NAS Norfolk, where the squadron turned in their P2Y-2 seaplanes. On 18 May the squadron arrived at NAS San Diego, California, to receive replacement PBY-3 Catalina aircraft and transition training in the new seaplanes. By August nearly all of the crews with the new aircraft had experienced problems with high noise levels in the PBY-3 while on patrols. The sources of the problems were found to be the lack of interior insulation in the aircraft and higher propeller tip speed. Subsequent production incorporated insulation and dressed down propeller tips that greatly reduced the noise problem. The squadron returned to NAS Coco Solo on 14 September 1938.
11 February 1939: PatWing-3 squadrons, including VPs 2, 3 and 5, participated in Fleet Problem No. XX as part of the Black Force during exercises in the Caribbean. VP-5 operated in the Semana area off Cuba, supported by . The exercises again pointed out the vulnerability of the patrol aircraft in the face of determined anti-aircraft (AA) fire from defending vessels, and the vulnerability of the patrol bases ashore to naval or air attack.
14 April 1939: VPs 5, 2 and 3 mapped  of Central American coastline from Nicaragua to the Colombian border. This task was carried out despite weather conditions unfavorable for aerial photography.
11 September 1939: VP-33 was assigned to Neutrality Patrol duties in the Caribbean operating out of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
31 January 1940: VP-33's Neutrality Patrol duties were directed at covering convoys between the Canal Zone and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
1 July 1940: The squadron had seven aircraft operating out of NAS Coco Solo and three out of San Juan. On 1 July 1940, the squadron received orders to fly all of the squadron aircraft to NAS Jacksonville, Florida, to be turned in for newer model PBY-3 aircraft.
1–8 December 1941: By this date, VP-32 was conducting routine patrols for the Army off the coasts of the Canal Zone, supported by , , ,  and . On 8 December 1941, after the Attack on Pearl Harbor, six aircraft and crews from VP-52 reinforced the squadron. The Army and Navy combined commands after this date, with the Army assuming command of the Panama Sea Frontier, and VP-32 becoming the long-range reconnaissance arm of the Sixth Bomber Command. VP-32 operated under the operational control of the Army until 30 April 1942.
15 December 1941: The squadron established advance bases at Almirante, Panama; Grand Cayman Island, Fonsec, Honduras; Castilla, Honduras; and Portland Bight, Jamaica.
3 January 1942: VP-32 was supplemented by six more aircraft and crews from VP-81.
23 June 1942: Lieutenant (jg) May and crew attacked a German U-boat and were credited with probable damage. Although the primary tasking had shifted on 1 May 1942 to Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and convoy patrol, few submarine sightings were made during this period by the squadron.
12 July 1942: Lieutenant (jg) Pinholster and crew attacked a U-boat in the Caribbean and were credited with probable damage.
25 July 1942: Lieutenant (jg) Skelly and crew spotted a suspicious vessel off the coast of Honduras and forced it to heave to by firing shots across its bow. Skelly landed his PBY, deployed a rubber raft and boarded the vessel. A quick search revealed that the vessel was supplying U-boats with supplies and torpedoes hidden in a false bottom. The vessel, Racer, was taken into port and the crew of Axis sympathizers taken into custody.
3 August 1942: VP-32 deployed to Salinas, Ecuador, operating under the Sixth Bomber Command, USAAF.
19 August 1942: VP-32 deployed to NAS Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and was placed under Commander Caribbean Sea Frontier, operating under C.C.S.F. operations Order #1-42.
1 October 1942: VP-32 was placed under PatWing-11 for administrative purposes. Primary duties consisted of convoy patrols and ASW.
1 December 1942: VP-32 received five new PBM-3Cs. Crews began transition training at NAS Coco Solo, from the PBY-3 to the PBM aircraft. Crews from the detachment at NS San Juan, were rotated in for the transition training. The squadron continued to operate PBY-3s alongside the newer PBM.
1 April 1943: VP-32 was reassigned along with the rest of the FAW-3 to FAW-11. By this date, complete transition to the PBM aircraft had been completed.
15 July 1943: Squadron aircraft conducted an attack on a U-boat in the Caribbean at 15-58N, 73-44W. The claim was judged probable sinking, postwar examination of German records confirmed this was U-159.
26 July 1943: A U-boat was attacked at 18-06N, 75-00W, and judged probably sunk, postwar examination of German records confirmed this was U-759.
28 July 1943: A U-boat was claimed sunk (probable) at 15-57N, 68-30W by the NS San Juan detachment, postwar examination of German records confirmed this was U-359.
1 October 1943: The squadron began transition training on the PBM-3S with improved radar.
1 April 1944: VP-32 was transferred from NAS Coco Solo to NAS Guantanamo Bay.
7 July – 1 August 1944: VP-32 was transferred from NAS Guantanamo Bay to NAS Norfolk, under FAW-9. Upon arrival, crews were given stateside leave for 30 days, and all squadron aircraft were overhauled. Operations recommenced on 1 August 1944.
3 December 1944: A detachment of eight crews and four aircraft were dispatched to NAS Quonset Point, Rhode Island, for emergency patrol operations. During this period the detachment was given training in the use of aircraft searchlights.
1 January – February 1945: The squadron received new PBM-5 seaplanes to replace the old PBM-3Ss. Conversion training was carried out through February 1945; upon completion, searchlights were installed in all aircraft.
11 April 1945: VPB-32 was transferred to NAS Alameda, California, departing Norfolk on 11 April, arriving on 16 April. The squadron was detailed to provide security for San Francisco Bay during an international conference held in San Francisco to form the United Nations.
30 June 1945: The squadron was reassigned to NAAS Harvey Point, North Carolina, for duty with FAW-5.
12 September 1945: The squadron was ordered to the west coast for reassignment to a new home port. On 12 September VPB-32 departed NAS Alameda aboard  en route to its new home port at Saipan, Mariana Islands. Upon arrival, the squadron began semi-weekly mail and passenger flights to Truk. Detachments were deployed as needed at Kwajalein; Truk; Eniwetok; Yokosuka, Japan; Qingdao, China; Okinawa; Hong Kong; and NS Sangley Point, Philippines.
1 February 1948: A six-plane detachment from VP-MS-6 operated at Eniwetok under Joint Task Force 7 in Operation Sandstone during nuclear weapons testing.
26 March 1949: VP-46 relieved VP-41 on station in the China and Japan areas, establishing three-plane detachments at Qingdao and Yokosuka. Operational control was under FAW-1 at NAS Agana, Guam.
1 July 1949: VP-46 was transferred to a new home port at NAS San Diego, California, arriving and reporting for duty under FAW-14 on 23 July 1949.
13 November 1949: VP-46 deployed to Magdalena Bay, California, with VP-47 for combined ASW competitive and advanced base operations, tended by .
15 June – December 1950: VP-46 was the first seaplane squadron to be deployed for combat aerial patrols off the China Coast and the Formosa Strait during the Korean War. The squadron began flying combat operations from the Pescadores based on board  on 31 July 1950. On 1 December 1950, VP-46 was redeployed to NS Sangley Point, to conduct24-hour reconnaissance of China coastal waters from south of Swatow north to the Saddle Islands. A patrol detachment was supported during the deployment at Buckner Bay, Okinawa, and a courier detachment at NS Sangley Point. During the tour the squadron completed 3,583 hours of flying.
26 September 1951: The squadron departed for WestPac on board  and . VP-46 operated from NAF Iwakuni, Japan, under FAW6, as part of the Search and Patrol Group of TG 96.2, conducting ASW, over-water search and reconnaissance, and rescue missions. During this period VP-46 operated a detachment from an advanced base at Chinhae, Korea, tended by .
1 March 1953: The squadron deployed for its third tour in the Korean combat zone, based at NAF Iwakuni, Japan, aboard . Patrols were flown over the Formosa Straits and eastern Korean coastal waters until the cessation of hostilities in July 1953.
September 1953: VP-46 turned in its PBM-5, PBM-5S and PBM-5S2 aircraft for new P5M-1 Marlin seaplanes.
31 January – August 1961: VP-46 received its first P-2V Neptune, completing the transition on 24 August 1961.
6 January 1964: VP-46 became the first Pacific Fleet patrol squadron to transition into the new P-3A Orion.
5 January 1966: VP-46 deployed to NAF Naha, Okinawa, with a detachment of six aircraft at NS Sangley Point, relieving VP-9. The squadron was under the operational control of CTG 72.2 and the administrative control of FAWs 8 and 10. The detachment aircraft participated around the clock in Vietnamese coastal surveillance as a part of Operation Market Time.
19 December 1966: The squadron trained at the Pacific Missile Range, Point Mugu, California, in the use of the AGM-12 Bullpup air-to-surface missile.
26 May 1968: The first contingent of VP-46 aircraft arrived at NAS Adak, Alaska, for a six-month deployment, relieving VP-9. Duties consisted of tracking numerous Soviet submarine and surface vessels. On 6 July, the crew of a squadron aircraft on a routine flight reported sighting a reentry vehicle descending. It was later confirmed as a Soviet missile test in the Kamchatka target range.
1 October 1969: VP-46 deployed to WestPac at NS Sangley Point, with a detachment at NAF Cam Ranh Bay, South Vietnam.
1December 1970: VP-46 deployed to NAS Adak, AK for a six-month deployment, which included a detachment to NAS Agana, Guam.
1 February 1972: VP-46 began its final deployment to the Vietnamese theatre of operations, based at MCAS Iwakuni, Japan, with a detachment at NAS Cubi Point, Philippines.
4 January 1977: First VP-46 crews began the transition to the new P-3C Update I aircraft.
March 1980: VP-46 deployed to NAS Keflavik, Iceland, a rarity for a Pacific Fleet patrol squadron, coming under the operational control of Commander Second Fleet. During the deployment, the squadron participated in numerous NATO exercises in addition to normal duties involving tracking Russian submarines.
27 July 1983: VP-46 deployed to Diego Garcia as the first full patrol squadron deployment to the Indian Ocean. During the deployment, the squadron participated in numerous exercises with NATO and SEATO allies in the Gulf of Aden, South Pacific and Sea of Japan.
February – March 1986: Squadron P-3C UI aircraft received the Block Modification II Retrofit at NAS Moffett Field, California. It incorporated the latest in avionics and weapons systems, including a turret-mounted infrared detection device which dropped out of the nose to identify targets by day or night and AGM-84A Harpoon missile capability.
1 January 1991: A four-crew/three-aircraft detachment was deployed to NAS Cubi Point, elements of which were deployed to Al Masirah, Oman, in support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.
14 November 1993: VP-46 was transferred from NAS Moffett Field to NAS Whidbey Island, Washington, due to the scheduled closure of the former facility. Since then, VP-46 has completed over 46 years and more than 300,046 hours of accident-free flight operations, a Pacific Fleet record.
April 2003: A P-3C Orion from VP-46, flying in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom becomes the first navy aircraft to lands at Baghdad International Airport.
1 June 2018: VP-46 was awarded the Commander Naval Air Forces Pacific's "Blair Pepper Lightcap" Pilot Proficiency Training Award for fiscal year 2017 and 2018.
April 2019: VP-46 return to home from its final deployment with the P-3C and begin the transition to the P-8 A Poseidon.

Aircraft assignments
The squadron was assigned the following aircraft, effective on the dates shown:
 PM-2 - July 1931
 P2Y-1 - June 1933
 P2Y-2 - 1936
 PBY-3 - 1938
 PBY-5 - January 1942
 PBM-3C - December 1942
 PBM-5E - January 1945
 PBM-5S2 - July 1951
 P5M-1 - September 1953
 P-2V-5F - January 1961
 P-2V-7/SP-2H - November 1961
 P-3A - January 1963
 P-3B - August 1966
 P-3C UI - January 1977
 P-3C UII - February 1986
 P-3C UIII - March 1990
 P-3C UIIIR - 1993
 P-8A - 2019

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAS Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone - 1 July 1931
 NAS San Diego, California - 1 February 1932
 NAS Coco Solo - 22 April 1933
 NAS Guantanamo Bay, Cuba - 1 April 1944
 NAS Norfolk, Virginia - 7 July 1944
 NAS Alameda, California - 11 April 1945
 NAAS Harvey Point, North Carolina - 30 June 1945
 NAB Saipan, Marianas - 12 September 1945
 NAS San Diego - 1 July 1949
 NAS Moffett Field, California - 1 January 1964
 NAS Whidbey Island, Washington - 14 November 1993

See also
 History of the United States Navy
 List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
 List of Lockheed P-3 Orion variants

References

External links
VP-46 Official Website

Patrol squadrons of the United States Navy
Military units and formations in Washington (state)
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


Pendi is a village in the municipality of Monidigah in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Elwyn Brook-Jones (11 December 1911 – 4 September 1962) was a British theatre, film and television actor.

Life
Brook-Jones was born in Kuching, Sarawak, on the island of Borneo. After a private education, he attended Jesus College, Oxford.

His public debut was in Australia, aged 11, as a concert pianist; he later made cabaret appearances in the US and the Far East.  He was a repertory actor, first appearing in London in 1943 in Hedda Gabler as Judge Brack, before going on to appear in many productions in the West End, films and television.

In the BBC children's series Garry Halliday, he was the hero's opponent "The Voice". His most prominent film role was arguably Tober in Carol Reed's Odd Man Out (1947). He was also Gladwin in Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's The Small Back Room (1949) and the Emir in The Pure Hell of St Trinian's (1960).

He died in Reading, Berkshire, aged 50.

Selected filmography
 Odd Man Out (1947)
 The Three Weird Sisters (1948)
 Good-Time Girl (1948)
 Bonnie Prince Charlie (1948)
 It's Hard to Be Good (1948)
 Dear Mr. Prohack (1949)
 The Wonder Kid (1950)
 I'll Get You for This (1951)
 Life in Her Hands (1951)
 Judgment Deferred (1952)
 The Night Won't Talk (1952) as Martin Soames
 Three Steps in the Dark (1953)
 The Harassed Hero (1954) as Logan (credited as Elwyn Brook Jones)
 Beau Brummell (1954) as Mr. Tupp (uncredited)
 The Gilded Cage (1955)
 Assignment Redhead (1956)
   Rogue's Yarn (1957) as Inspector Walker
 The Duke Wore Jeans (1958)
 Passport to Shame (1958)
 The Four Just Men (TV series)
(The Deadly Capsule) (1959) as Mr Scheye
 Dial 999 (TV series) ('Ghost Squad', episode) (1959) as Mr. Scott
 The Ugly Duckling (1959)

References

External links

1911 births
1962 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
British male television actors
British male film actors
British male stage actors
British classical pianists
20th-century British male actors
20th-century British pianists
20th-century British musicians
People from Kuching
People from the Raj of Sarawak


Jindi is a village in the municipality of Monidigah in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Papyrus 97 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓97, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Luke. The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition.

Description

The surviving texts of Luke are only verses 14:7-14. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 6th century (or 7th century).

 Text
The Greek text of this manuscript is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. It is not placed in any of Aland's Categories.

 Location
The manuscript is currently housed at the Chester Beatty Library (P. Chester Beatty XVII) at Dublin.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri
 Luke 14
 Coptic versions of the Bible

References

External links
 GA Papyrus 97. Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts

New Testament papyri
6th-century biblical manuscripts
Manuscripts in the Chester Beatty Library
Gospel of Luke papyri


Keskon is a village in the municipality of Şivlə in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


David 'Dai' Thomas (30 March 1909 – ?) was a Welsh rugby union lock who played international rugby for Wales and club rugby for Swansea. During the 1934/35 season, Thomas was captain of the Swansea first XV.

Rugby career
Thomas first played for Wales during the 1930 Five Nations Championship against Scotland at Murrayfield. Wales lost by a last minute dropped goal, but Thomas was back for the very next match of the tournament against Ireland, but missed the final, bruising game against France, since referred to as the 'Battle of Colombes'. Thomas was failed to be selected for the entire 1931 Championship, but during that time was amongst the Swansea team that faced the touring South Africans.

Thomas was not selected for the Welsh international against the Springboks, but represented his country for all three games of the 1932 Home Nations Championship before sporadic appearances over the next two years that saw only two caps. Thomas managed to regain his position in 1935 and played all three games under the captaincy of Claude Davey.

International matches played
Wales
  1932, 1933, 1934, 1935
  1930, 1932, 1935
  1930, 1932, 1933, 1935

Biography

References

1909 births
Rugby union locks
Rugby union players from Swansea
Swansea RFC players
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh police officers
Glamorgan Police officers
Welsh rugby union players
Year of death unknown


Erich Gutenberg (13 December 1897 in Herford – 22 May 1984 in Cologne) was an influential German economist.

He is considered the founder of modern German business studies after World War II. Gutenberg used microeconomy to explain the functioning of the enterprise. Therefore, he also developed a new production function. With a system of inputs and outputs under management control he explained how a firm could be efficient.

He received his Ph.D. from the University of Halle in 1921 and subsequently taught as a professor at the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, and the University of Cologne.

References
 Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, p. 211.

1897 births
1984 deaths
German economists
People from Herford
University of Halle alumni
Academic staff of the University of Jena
Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt
Academic staff of the University of Cologne
Academic staff of the University of Münster


In 2008, for the first time in ten years, two Grand Tours were won by one rider, the Spaniard Alberto Contador. Alessandro Ballan succeeded fellow Italian Paolo Bettini as World Champion, winning the road race in his home country, where Varese hosted the World Championships for the second time in history. Bettini and German sprinter Erik Zabel were among the most prominent riders to quit after this season, while Mario Cipollini made a brief comeback in the early months of the year.

Despite even tighter controls and warnings concerning doping, and the introduction of the blood passport by the UCI, several major races, including the Giro and Tour were faced with positive tests. In addition, the ongoing feud between the UCI and the race organizations almost came to a definite break in March, when the UCI threatened to suspend riders participating in ASO's Paris–Nice. The cycling federation's ProTour seemed bankrupt halfway through the year when all remaining licensed teams announced their withdrawal. However, at the start of 2009, 16 teams saw their ProTour license renewed and two new teams joined the elite division of cycling. Crédit Agricole and Gerolsteiner stopped sponsorship of a team, and were not succeeded by new sponsors. Other than Gerolsteiner, many German companies who participated in cycling sponsorship in recent years withdrew their financial backing after this year's latest of doping cases related to German cycling. As a result, fewer professional teams and races, among them the Deutschland Tour, will be part of the 2009 season.

Amongst professional riders, Mark Cavendish was the most successful with 17 victories, including 4 in the Tour de France and two in the Giro d'Italia. His team, Team High Road (which got a new sponsor midway through the season, ever since going by the name Team Columbia), was by far the most successful with 77 victories. Alejandro Valverde was the most successful allround rider of the year based on the CQ ranking.

After the end of the season, seven-time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong announced his comeback to competitive road cycling for 2009, with the Astana Team.

Grand Tours

World Championships Varese

Olympic Games Beijing

Monument Classics

UCI ProTour

2.HC Category races

1.HC Category races

National Road Race Championships

National Time Trial Championships

References

See also
2008 in women's road cycling
2008 in track cycling

Men's road cycling by year


Lələdulan is a village in the municipality of Aran in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Musavar is a village in the municipality of Aran in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Naftonu is a village in the municipality of Davıdonu in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


The Government of the Republic of Kenya (GoK) is the national government of the Republic of Kenya, a federal republic located in East Africa, composed of  47 Counties, each county with its own semi-autonomous governments, including the national capital of Nairobi, where the national government is primarily based.

The national government is composed of three distinct branches: The Legislature (Parliament), the Executive and the Judiciary. Each arm is independent of the other and their individual roles are set by the Constitution of Kenya while their powers and duties are further defined by acts of Parliament.

Naming
The full name of the country is the "Republic of Kenya". Its official Swahili name is "Jamhuri ya Kenya". No other names appear in the Constitution, and these are the names that appear on the country's currency, in treaties, and in legal cases to which the nation is a party.

Other terms such as "GoK", "GK" and "Serikali" are often used officially and informally to distinguish the national government from the county governments.

History
The Kenyan government is based on the principle of federalism, in which power is shared between the national government and the county governments. The country was initially a unitary state whose central government delegated power through devolution since gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1963 until the country held a referendum in 2010 to amend the Constitution, among which amendments was the devolving of certain powers and duties of the national government to the semi-autonomous governments of the newly-created counties.

The country was initially led by a Prime Minister, but upon the country becoming a full republic in 1964, the Prime Minister's title was changed to President of Kenya.

The current structure of government allows power to be held on two levels: The national level and the county level.

The country is a representative democracy legislatively, and a direct democracy in the election of its president, who is leader of the Executive branch of government.

Legislative branch
The Legislative branch is known as the Parliament of Kenya, and is established under Chapter Eight of the Constitution. It is bicameral, comprising the National Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature is primarily mandated with legislation within the country and is organised as follows:

Makeup of Parliament

The National Assembly
The National Assembly is made up of 349 elected members (known as Member of Parliament or MP), consisting of 290 members elected from constituencies within the counties, 47 women elected at county-level, 12 nominated representatives and the Speaker, who is an ex-officio member. Each of the 290 members represents the constituency from where they were elected. The members of Parliament serve five-year terms..

In order to be elected as a member of the National Assembly, an individual must be registered as a voter, satisfies  any requirements prescribed by the Constitution or by an act of Parliament and is nominated by a political party, or is an independent candidate.

All members are elected or nominated, including the Speaker, who is elected from persons qualified to be elected as members of Parliament but are not members.

Senate
In contrast, the Senate is made up of 47 Senators representing each of the 47 counties, 16 women nominated by political parties according to the parties' proportions in the Senate, one man and woman to represent the youth, one man and women to represent persons with disabilities, and the Speaker, who is also an ex-officio member like the National Assembly's Speaker.

Separate powers
The National Assembly and Senate each have particular powers. The National Assembly mainly deals with legislation affecting the country at the national level as well as exercising oversight over the national government while the Senate mainly deals with legislation concerning counties as well as exercising oversight over the county governments. However, both Houses' approval is required in any matter so determined by an act of Parliament, such as presidential appointments to the Executive and Judiciary, military officers and ambassadors.

County Assembly
The 47 counties also have a legislative branch within their governments known as the County Assembly, made up of elected Members of the County Assembly (MCA) as per the number of wards within the county and nominated members. The county assembly is responsible for legislation at the county level in furtherance of the counties' functions and powers as stated in the Constitution.

Executive branch
The executive branch is established by Chapter Nine of the Constitution, which vests the country's executive authority in the President of Kenya. The president is both the country's head of state (performing ceremonial functions) and the head of government (the chief executive).

President
The President is the head of state and government, as in most republics. The President is also the Commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces.

The President is the head of the country's Cabinet, which consists of the President, the Deputy President, the Attorney-General and Cabinet Secretaries nominated and appointed by the President with the approval of the National Assembly.

The National Assembly with at least a third of all the members, may set in motion an act to impeach the President. The National Assembly may do so on the grounds of gross violation of the Constitution or any other law, where there is reasons to believing that the President has committed a crime under national or international law or for gross misconduct.

If the motion to impeach passes in the National Assembly the act to impeach moves to the Senate and if at least two-thirds of all the members of the Senate vote to uphold any impeachment charge, the President shall cease to hold office.

Deputy President

The Deputy President is the second-highest executive office in the republic. The position before the 2013 general election was known as the Vice-President of Kenya. There have been 12 deputy presidents since independence.

The incumbent is Rigathi Gachagua who as William Ruto is part of the Kenya Kwanza. The first person to hold the position was Jaramogi Oginga Odinga. The 8th person to hold the office, Michael Kijana Wamalwa was the first and only person to pass away while in office. George Saitoti has held the position twice on separate occasions.

The Deputy President's functions are to be the main assistant to the President and shall deputise for the President in the execution of the President's functions. He must be qualified to become president in order to take the office as he is first in line in the order of  presidential succession.

The Deputy President as the president is limited to two terms in office.

The coat of arms of Kenya

The Government is run by the Ministries of Kenya. The constitution limits the number of Ministries to a minimum of 14 and maximum of 22. The headings of the ministries are known as Cabinet Secretaries who are all nominated by the President. The President has power to assign and dismiss a Cabinet Secretary.

A Cabinet Secretary cannot be an MP and their deputies are known as Principal Secretaries.

All civil servants e.g. teachers in public schools or diplomats fall under one of the ministries in the Cabinet.

The Judiciary

The Judiciary is charged with applying and upholding the law. This is done through a legal system consisting of courts.

The Court System

The Judiciary is led by the Chief Justice. The Chief Justice sits at the Supreme Court whose court decisions are binding to all courts. The current Chief Justice is Chief Justice Martha Koome who is the fifteenth person to hold the office.

The courts are divided into two levels: Superior Courts and Subordinate Courts. Superior Courts are the higher courts and are presided over by Judges. These are the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court which hears almost every type of case., the Environment and Land Court and the Industrial Court.

The subordinate courts consist of the Magistrates courts, the Kadhi courts, the Courts Martial and any other court or local tribunal as may be established by an Act of Parliament, other than the currently established courts.

All Judges, including the Chief Justice and the Deputy Chief Justice, are selected by the Judicial Service Commission  but are officially appointed by the President. However, the persons selected to be the Chief Justice and Deputy Chief Justice must first be vetted by Parliament before being appointed by the President. All other Judges do not need Parliamentary vetting and approval. Magistrates who preside over the subordinate courts are selected and appointed by the Judicial Service Commission without the involvement of the President or Parliament.

Elections and voting

Elections in Kenya that predate 1992 were not multiparty elections. On independence, Kenya voted for Kenyatta as President. However, over the next few years Kenya slowly transitioned from being a democracy to being a one-party state. Kenyatta's regime greatly oversaw the gradual limitation of the democratic system. Kenyatta died in 1978; his vice President Moi took over and in 1982 the country was officially made a one-party state with every other party being outlawed. This was met by resistance over the next decade or so. In 1992 Kenya's first multiparty elections were held.

Ever since then elections have been held every 5 years. In 2013 the general election paved the way for semi-autonomy of the 47 counties of Kenya. Uhuru Kenyatta, the fourth president won and his coalition the Jubilee Alliance controlled the majority in both houses of Parliament, i.e. the National Assembly and the Senate.

The incumbent president William Ruto won the 2022 general elections and his coalition Kenya Kwanza now controls the majority in both houses of Parliament, i.e. the National Assembly and the Senate.

The state allows universal suffrage based on the aspiration for fair representation and equality. The only people not allowed to vote are people convicted of an election offence during the preceding five years. Elections in Kenya are overseen by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission.

County governments

The Counties of Kenya have devolved functions of the former central government. Each county has its own Governor who is directly elected and thereafter becomes the  highest elected official in the county. Each county has its own County Assembly with MCAs (Members of the County Assembly ) as representatives.

The powers of the County are provided in Articles 191 and 192, and in the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution of Kenya and the County Governments Act of 2012.

Functions and duties not assigned by the Constitution automatically become the National governments responsibility.

As opposed to other devolved governments around the world, only the national government may impose income tax, value-added tax, customs duties and other duties on import and export goods and excise tax.

The counties are individually allowed to impose property rates, entertainment taxes and any other tax that it is authorised to impose by an Act of Parliament.

See also
 President
 The Cabinet
 The Judiciary
 The Supreme Court

 Law
 The Constitution

 Counties
 Counties

References

External links

 myGov , the official GoK portal.
 OpenData Kenya, Government Stats | Open Data Initiative
 The Presidency, The Presidency | GoK

1963 establishments in Kenya


Qırxıncı is a village in the municipality of Burkandul in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


The Optimist is a 1984 album by the New Zealand band DD Smash, their final studio album led by Dave Dobbyn before he launched his solo career. The album reached number 6 on the New Zealand music charts and remained in the chart for 26 weeks.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links
 Official website of Dave Dobbyn
 Muzic Net NZ
 NZ Music.com

DD Smash albums
1984 albums


Swarovski Optik is a division of the Swarovski group of companies, manufacturing optical instruments. Its headquarters are located in Absam, Tyrol, Austria.

History
Wilhelm Swarovski, son of the original founder, was born in 1918. In 1935, with the help of his father, he developed a prism fabrication and grinding process that he used in the design of his first 6×30 binocular. In 1949 he has founded SWAROVSKI OPTIK KG in Absam, Tyro, to produce the Habicht 7×42 that it continues produce today.

 1935 First Swarovski binoculars, which was a 6×30
 1949 Formation of Swarovski Optik
 1959 First Swarovski Optik rifle scope (4×32)
 1967 First Swarovski Optik extendable spotting scope (30×75)
 1974 Kahles was purchased by Swarovski Optik
 1977 Kahles became a branch of Swarovski Optik
 1989 Kahles Limited again became an independent company within the Swarovski group
 1991 First AT 80 telescope
 1993 First hunting rifle scope with reticle illumination
 1995 First rifle scope with integrated laser range finder
 1999 First binoculars with wrap-around grip, named EL
 2007 First Swarovski rifle scope with 6× zoom
 2016 First Swarovski rifle scope with 8× zoom
 2017 Kahles was again brought into the Swarovski advertising and sales programs

Overview
SWAROVSKI OPTIK, headquartered in Absam, Tyrol, Austria is part of the Swarovski group.of companies. Founded in 1949, the Austrian company specialises in the development and manufacturing of long-range optical instruments in the premium segment of the market, including binoculars, telescopes (spotting scopes), rifle scopes, range finders and night sight devices. The binoculars, spotting scopes, rifle scopes, and optronic instruments are products of choice for demanding users. The company’s success is based on its innovative strength, the quality and intrinsic value of its products, and their functional and esthetic design. The appreciation of nature is an essential part of its company philosophy and is reflected commendably in its environment-friendly production and its long-term commitment to selected nature conservation projects. The turnover in 2020 was 163.5 million euros (2019: 158.7 million euros), with an export ratio of 91%. The company has around 1,000 employees.

Product Range

Swarovski Optik produces the following series of products.

Binoculars

 Habicht
 CL, includes CL Nomad
 SLC
 EL
 EL Range (green and orange)
 NL Pure

Spotting scopes

 CTC, CTS
 ATS, STS
 STR
 ATX, STX
 ATX Interior
 BTX
 ST Vista

Rifle scopes

 Z3 (American market only)
 Z5 (American market only)
 Z5i
 X5i
 Z6i
 Z8i
 Ds

References

Swarovski BTX 95mm review

External links

British royal warrant holders
Manufacturing companies established in 1949
Manufacturing companies of Austria
Optics manufacturing companies
Telescope manufacturers
Austrian brands


Data de Groove is the sixth album by Austrian singer Falco, released in May 1990 – a collaboration with producer Robert Ponger. It was dedicated to the upcoming computer era and peaked at number 11 in Austria. It is known to be his most complex and intellectual album. So far it is the only album out of print and therefore quite a rarity, especially on CD format. However, in February 2016 the album became available for download in digital form on iTunes, as well as a stream on Spotify. In 2022, the album resurfaced when a Deluxe Edition was released, with all songs remastered and featured remixes and edits of several tracks.

Two singles were released: "Data de Groove" and "Charisma Kommando".

Track listing
 "Neo Nothing – Post of All" – 4:45
 "Expocityvisions" – 4:08
 "Charisma Kommando" – 4:49
 "Tanja P. nicht Cindy C." – 3:37
 "Pusher" – 4:26
 "Data de Groove" – 4:40
 "Alles im Liegen" – 5:05
 "U.4.2.P.1. Club Dub" – 3:41
 "Bar Minor 7/11 (Jeanny Dry)" – 3:45
 "Anaconda 'mour" – 0:57

Bonus tracks on 2022 re-release
 "Data de Groove" (Club Mix) – 6:48
 "Data de Groove" (Digital-Analogue Version) – 4:00
 "Data de Groove" (Human Version) – 3:59
 "Data de Groove" (Instrumental Version) – 4:57
 "Data de Groove" (Full Length Version) – 4:57
 "Charisma Kommando" (Club Mix) – 7:34
 "Charisma Kommando" (Radio Version) – 4:02
 "Charisma Kommando" (Instrumental Club Mix) – 7:34
 "Charisma Kommando" (Instrumental Radio Version) – 4:02
 "Charisma Kommando" (Full Length Version) – 5:39
 "Neo Nothing – Post of All" (Full Length Version) – 5:31
 "Tanja P. nicht Cindy C." (Full Length Version) – 4:26

Personnel
 Falco – bass, producer
 Robert Ponger – digital & analog keyterminals, mixer, producer
 Peter Ponger – additional keyboards
 Jens Fischer, Peter Weihe – guitars
 Curt Cress – drums
 Andy Baum, Bernhard Rabitsch, Jocelyn B. Smith, Victoria Miles – background vocals
 Stefan Biedermann – scratches
 Wolfgang Puschnig – saxophones

 Christian Seitz – engineer, mixer at Stereo West Studio, Vienna
 Steve Taylor – mixer at Livingston Studios, London
 John Mallison – mixing assistant engineer
 Ralph Lindner – mastering (digital) at Ham Audio
 Achim Kruse, Ralph Lindner – mastering (analog) at Chateau du Pape, Hamburg
 Lo Breier – cover design
 Juergen Teller – photography

Charts

References

1990 albums
Falco (musician) albums
German-language albums


Captain Monrad Sigfrid Metzgen,  (1894  – 13 May 1956, Belize) was a politician in the Colony of British Honduras.

Life
Born in Belize City in June 1893, he was a Belizean Creole of humble parentage. Monrad was the son of Carl Alexander Metzgen, the former Auditor General (1911) of Belize, British Honduras.

Metzgen's mother, Esther Almira Bevans (born on 17 January 1869 in Belize and died 1944), was the second wife of his father (the first one was Estelle Greene). His father, Carl Alexander Metzgen (born on 24 July 1860 and killed in Petén on 13 March 1930). His grandfather, Charles Alexander Metzgen, was born 1816 in  Copenhagen, Denmark and was son of Johan Christian Metzgen (1784–1843) a retired Danish naval officer.

Monrad had three children: Louise MBE, Humphrey and Frederick (Bill).

He died of poisoning, on 14 May 1956

On 17 September 2009, Metzgen was posthumously awarded the Order of Distinction from the Government of Belize in recognition of his dedication to Community and Public Service.

Government service
In Belize he received his education at St. Mary’s Primary School, and later at Wesley School and the Diocesan High School for Boys (now St. Michael's College) before entering the British Honduras Civil Service as a Temporary Clerk at Her Majesty's Prison on 4 March 1910.

Capt. Metzgen entered the Civil Service as a Copyist on 4 March 1910, and ten years later he was appointed Internal Revenue Officer. Subsequently he acted as District Commissioner in Orange Walk, an Auditor and then Director of Colonial Audits. He was made Chief Income Tax Collector in January 1924. He was Treasury Superintendent in 1932 and District Commissioner in Stann Creek in 1935.

A serious, near-fatal accident eventually caused his retirement in 1939. On several occasions he acted as District Commissioner of the Orange Walk District and as Auditor; and he received special commendation from the Director of Colonial Audit for work done during the period 1927–28. He was appointed Treasury Superintendent in September 1932.

He held this position for three years and assumed the Commissionership of the Stann Creek District in September 1935.  Last year he promoted a successful Goodwill Flight, which took him and other leading citizens of Stann Creek to every section of the Colony. That was the forerunner of a mammoth Agricultural Exhibition planned for Stann Creek, but his retirement precluded the carrying out of his plans.

His retirement was hastened by a disaster in the Stann Creek Valley, when he was nearly crushed to death in a collision. He spent a long period in Stann Creek, Belize and Guatemala City Hospital.

Posts held

 Acting Asst. Keeper, King's Warehouse
 Internal Revenue Officer
 Principal Officer, Income Tax
 Special Officer of Customs
 Acting Colonial Auditor
 Acting District Commissioner of the Orange Walk District
 Chief Income Tax Collector; Treasury Superintendent
 Private Secretary (temporarily) to the Acting Governor (Lt. Col. Maxwell Hinds Smith) on a special mission to the Cayo District in 1922
 Secretary or Member of numerous Government and other Boards and Committees, including in 1926 the Fort George Hotel Committee
 Member of the Belize Town Board (now the City Council).

Military service

Metzgen joined the British Honduras Mounted Infantry on 1 March 1906 and the next year he went with the force, under Major F. M. Maxwell, to quell a riot at the Stann Creek Railway. The same year he accompanied the force again to Sapodilla Cayes on the "City of Belize" to assist in preventing filibustering on the coast of General Bonilla of Honduras.

In 1915 he applied to join the War Contingent but his application was not approved owing to the number of Civil Servants that had already obtained permission to enlist.
He was appointed 2nd  Lieutenant of the British Honduras Territorial Forces in June, 1918 and on the formation of the Defence Force in 1928 he was appointed a Lieutenant of this Force. He was in charge of the Defence Force during the first two days after the Belize hurricane of September 1931.

Civil society

Metzgen was a member of the Church of England in British Honduras.

Metzgen was the founder of the British Honduras Agricultural Society and helped stage the agricultural and industrial exhibitions in 1928 and 1931.

In 1927 he convened at Belize an agricultural conference which brought together planters from all sections of the Colony. He was a member of the Agricultural Advisory Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor and Chief Justice Greenidge as Chairman.

For three terms he was a Member of the Belize Town board under the chairmanship of the Rev. Robert Cleghorn OBE, and for a period he was a member of the Belize Electricity Board. For several years he was Chairman of the St George's Caye Day Celebrations Committee at Belize. He served with the Honorable C. Douglas-Jones and the Honorable Willoughby Bullock on a Treasury Inquiry Committee and he was Secretary to the Colonial Lindbergh's Reception Committee and a Hotel (for Belize) Committee of which the late Honorable Sally Wolffsohn was Chairman. He also acted as Private Secretary for His Excellency Colonel Maxwell Hinds with on a special mission of investigation to El Cayo. He was the first Treasurer of the Infant Welfare League. He was the first President of the Eureka Band and the first President of the Native Jockey Club. He gave to Stann Creek flourishing Poor Relief Organisations.

Road campaign
Realising that the lack of roads would retard the agricultural development of the Colony, Metzgen produced propaganda for Ford with the slogan "Roads, Roads and Still More Roads". He organized and was the Chairman of the British Honduras Cyclists Association and his Cross Country Cycle Races demonstrated in a tangible manner the urgency of a road programme for the Colony.

Education campaign
Metzgen was Chairman of the Debating Club for 10 years and campaigned for the establishment of a Public Library and a Town Hall for Belize.

A "Handbook of British Honduras" was compiled by him in 1925, with the assistance of Mr. H.E.C. Cain, during the administration of Sir Eyre Hutson KCMG. He was Assistant Editor of the Archives of British Honduras, of which the late Sir John Alder Burdon was Editor, and he compiled the booklets "Blazing Trails in British Honduras", "Shoulder to Shoulder" and the "Standing Rules and Orders of the Orange Walk District Board", 1924.

Travels
His travels took him to Guatemala City, New Orleans, New York City and London. During his visits to the latter three cities in 1925 he studied various income tax systems through the courtesy of the Income Tax Officials of those cities. By means of illustrated lectures, he brought the great Wembley Exhibition from England to the CUs Theatres in Belize and was supported by the late Honorable Lieutenant Colonel Dr. James Cran OBE and Mr. F.R. Dragten OBE, KC.

At the Shipmates Club at Stann Creek and at the Eureka Band Concert at the Park, Metzgen addressed the people of the District in 1935. He thanked them for the cooperation he received from them during his administration and for their prayers and attention during his recent illness. In this connection he said that one of the things that will always linger in his memory is an act three Carib women—all unknown to him—who travelled from Stann Creek to Belize just to see him in the Hospital where they knelt at his bedside and prayed for his recovery. He had hoped to inaugurate a five-year plan for Stann Creek with the aim of laying a sound economic foundation for that District. He hoped Stann Creek would get a District Commissioner who will serve her better than he did and he promised that during his retirement he will be ready and willing to serve the District and the colony in any way he can.

Sporting legacy
In 1928, on a bicycle ride in the country on the Northern Highway, Metzgen conceived the idea of what became the first Cross Country Cycling Classic having been struck by the number of bicycles Belizeans used to attend weekly cricket games in rural areas. He developed the idea for a cycling "expedition" to San Ignacio in order to test the cyclists' ability to cope with a then-badly built Western Highway. The Governor pledged support and offered a cup as a prize to the winner of the race—a race that is still held annually. He enlisted the support of such notables at Matron L.M. Roberts of the Public Hospital Royal Bank of Canada local manager Charles Beattie, Frans Dragten, Reverend Cleghorn, medical officer Lieutenant Colonel James Cran and that of a young surveyor, Henry Fairweather. Within a month he had the whole programme together and launched.

On 2 April 1928, a parade and inspection of the cyclists was organised by Metzgen and attended by the Governor, Superintendent of Police and others, who congratulated the cyclists and sent them on a parade through the town's streets. The official race kicked off on 5 April 1928 from in front of the courthouse at 5:00 AM. The trail was along the Western Highway to San Ignacio (55 miles from Belize City). The first rider into Cayo (90 miles in total), Elston Kerr, was cheered for making it into town in about 13 hours. The men stayed through the Easter holidays, feasting, eating, playing cricket and soaking up the accolades of the Cayo faithful. They also visited Benque Viejo del Carmen and San Jose Succotz, the westernmost settled areas in Cayo. On 9 April, the expeditionists set off at 5:00 AM to return to the City, their progress reliably reported through of all things, the telephone service. Kerr, of Burrell Boom, finished first in 21 hours 29 minutes, 81 minutes ahead of second place Norris Wade, also of Boom. Race organizer Metzgen finished in 30 and a half hours.

Subsequent to the race, Metzgen formed and chaired the British Honduras Cyclists Association in June 1928. As a result of his experience in the race, he was a key proponent of improved public roads ensuring that successive Governors of the Colony became interested in road building.

Bibliography

In 1925, with H. E. C. Cain, he wrote "The Handbook of British Honduras".  The book includes over fifty Creole proverbs, proverbs like, Cuss-cus neighbor bore hole & Dawg hab liberty fi watch gubnor.

In 1928 he wrote "Blazing Trails in British Honduras" about the first Cross-Country race. (The book was recently reprinted by the Belize Historical Society).

In the late 1920s he worked on the "Archives of British Honduras", edited by the Governor, Sir John Burdon and compiled the pamphlet "Shoulder to Shoulder or The Battle of St. George's Caye."

The Handbook of British Honduras, by Monrad Metzgen and H.E.C. Cain, the Brief Sketch of British Honduras, by John Burdon, former governor and the Book Shoulder to Shoulder by Monrad Metzgen, all talk about the exploits of the Baymen.

Further reading
 Handbook of British Honduras: Henry Edney Conrad Cain and Monrad Metzgen
 Monrad Metzgen: Notes on British Honduras.
 Monrad Metzgen: Shoulder to Shoulder or the Battle of St George's Caye, 1798.

References
 Belize Cycling Association. The Tradition: 77th Annual Cross Country Cycling Classic Retrospective.  2005: Belize Cycling Association.
"Our thing." Editorial, Amandala. 23 April 2000,
"The Cross Country – past symbol, present reality". Editorial, Amandala. 7 April 2002,

External links
 Photos from the 2003 race

Belizean Creole people
Sport in Belize
1894 births
1956 deaths
Belizean military personnel
Belizean National Heroes
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Order of Distinction (Belize)
People from Belize City


Şifəkəran is a village in the municipality of Hamarmeşə in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Xəlfəhonu is a village in the municipality of Siyov in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Qışlaq is a village in the municipality of Zərigümaco in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Vənədi is a village in the municipality of Vov in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Nısovyədi is a village in the municipality of Vov in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Zeynəko is a village in the municipality of Bobla in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Dızdipok is a village in the municipality of Hamarat in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District


Franz Peter Knoodt (6 November 1811 – 27 January 1889) was a German Catholic theologian who was a native of Boppard.

He studied theology in Bonn und Tübingen, and later worked as a chaplain and teacher in Trier. In 1841-43 he furthered his studies in Vienna, where he was a student of Anton Günther (1783-1863). In 1844 he earned his doctorate of theology at Breslau, and in 1845 became a professor of philosophy at the Catholic faculty of theology at the University of Bonn. From May 1848 to February 1849 he was a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly.

Knoodt was an ardent follower of the philosophical teachings of Anton Günther, and several years after Günther's death, he published the biographical Anton Günther. Eine Biographie (1881, 2 volumes). This work has been praised as an important source of Catholic church history. Another noted work of Knoodt's was Günther und Clemens; Offene Briefe (Günther and Franz Jakob Clemens; Open Letters, 1853–54). Both publications were placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) by the Roman Catholic Church.
He was excommunicated in 1872, along with Bonn colleagues Joseph Langen, Franz Heinrich Reusch and Bernhard Josef Hilgers, by Paul Melchers, Archbishop of Cologne, in the debate over papal infallibility.

References
  English translation

1811 births
1889 deaths
People from Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
19th-century German Catholic theologians
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
People from the Rhine Province
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
German male non-fiction writers
19th-century male writers


Nısa is a village in the municipality of Dico in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Lerik District