Benjamin Armitage (1823 – 4 December 1899) was an English industrialist and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 to 1886.

Armitage was the second son of Sir Elkanah Armitage, textile manufacturer, of Salford, and his wife Mary Bowers of Newton Heath. He was educated at Barton Hall School, Patricroft. He was a manufacturer at Manchester and in 1878 he was elected president of Manchester Chamber of Commerce. He was also a J. P. for Lancashire.

In the 1880 general election, Armitage was elected as one of two members of parliament for Salford. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the Salford constituency was divided into three divisions, and Armitage was elected as the first MP for the new Salford West seat at the 1885 general election. A further election was held in 1886, and he was defeated by his Conservative opponent, Lees Knowles.

Armitage did not re-enter parliament. In January 1899 he was awarded the freedom of the Borough of Salford.

In 1856 he married Elizabeth Southam of Manchester. They made their home at Chomlea Bank, Pendleton.

The value of his estate at death was £277,472 which is the equivalent of £43,634,025 today.

References

External links

1823 births
1899 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1880–1885
UK MPs 1885–1886
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Salford West
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Salford


The Dolná Blava is a right tributary of the Dolný Dudváh in Trnava District, Western Slovakia. It flows into the Dolný Dudváh near Križovany nad Dudváhom. It is  long and its basin size is .

References

Rivers of Slovakia


The 2008 Karl Schäfer Memorial (also known as the Vienna Cup) took place from October 14 through 17, 2008 at the Vienna Ice Arena. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing.

Results

Men

Ladies

Ice dancing

External links
 2008 Karl Schäfer Memorial

Karl Schäfer Memorial
Karl Schafer Memorial, 2008
Karl Schafer Memorial


One Shot Left is a Canadian punk rock band formed in 1997 from Medicine Hat, Alberta.

History

Formation
Jeff Barrett (Vocals/Guitar) and Chad Schiebelbein (Drums) formed what would become One Shot Left in 1995, while they were still in high school. Rob Speers (Guitar/Vocals) and Matt Whitson (Bass) later joined the group, and early in 1998 the quartet was signed by the independent record label Meter Records from Calgary, Alberta.

Studio recordings and performances
After their first Western Canada tour in 1998, One Shot Left released six new songs on a split CD entitled Wet Feet. The two other bands featured on the CD, Guilt Trip and Darryl's Grocery Bag, were also signed to Meter Records. Dan Heaton replaced Matt Whitson on Something To Be Reckoned With, the band's debut album, released in 2000. Following its release, the group embarked on another western Canadian tour, this time with Guilt Trip. When Rob Speers moved to Vancouver, he was replaced by Weyburn resident Blair Cooney. Their first national Canadian tour began in April 2001, when the band toured from Victoria, British Columbia, to Montreal, Quebec.

One Shot Left's second full-length album, Restitution, was released  in 2005, again by Meter Records. Bassist Justin Brown replaced Corey Tapp for the recording of this album, but left the band at the end of 2006 when he moved to China. Restitution was described as a, "Beautiful beacon in the future of rock," by Beatroute Magazine. The opening track on Restitution, "The Night Falls (On Wicked Little Ninjas)", reached No. 2 on Punk Radio Cast’s Top 40.

The band most recently celebrated their 20 year anniversary in October 2018 with a retrospective show and release of their own beer, a New England IPA brewed in collaboration with Hell’s Basement Brewery.

Musical message
Lead vocalist and guitarist Jeff Barrett is primarily responsible for the band's lyrics. He stated in an interview with Punk Radio Cast that the bands see their music as a platform to provide their listeners with views and ideas that they may not otherwise be exposed to. The band is in favor of accepting people as they are and encourage their listeners to think for themselves rather than relying on stereotypes. Barrett said, "Our message is about standing up and stepping forward rather than passing off the bigoted comments around you."

Discography

Studio albums
 In Defense Of Liberty (1998 - Cassette - Green Pea Records)
 Something To Be Reckoned With (2000 - CD - Meter Records)
 Restitution (2005 - CD - Meter Records)

Split albums
 Wet Feet (1998 - CD - Meter Records) with Guilt Trip and Darryl's Grocery Bag.

Compilations
 The Two Minute Wonder (1998 - CD - Hourglass Records)
 Flaming Cow Disease (1998 - CD - Spawner Records)
 Give Us A Break (2000 - CD - Spawner Records)
 For You From The Underground (2002 - CD - Meter Records)
 The Invasion (2005 - CD - Meter Records)

References

External links
 Official site
 One Shot Left on Myspace
 One Shot Left at Last.fm

Canadian punk rock groups


Johann Baptist Martinelli or Giovanni Battista Martinelli (February 1701 – June 21, 1754) was an Austrian architect and baumeister of Italian descent.

He was born in Vienna, the son of architect Franz Martinelli. In cooperation with his brother Anton Erhard Martinelli, he designed the plans of several baroque churches in the Habsburg empire, including the church in Grossweikersdorf,  the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Blaj and the church in Dunaalmás. He also designed several mansions among which the one in Dolná Krupá.  He died in his native city of Vienna, aged 53.

See also
 Bratislava Castle

References
 Jana Šulcová - Drei Kapitel aus der Baugeschichte des Schlosses Dolná Krupá
 Marius Porumb: Catedrala Sfânta Treime din Blaj la 1751, în: Acta Musei Napocensis 32 (1995), p. 353-357.
 Pfarrkirche Grossweikersdorf
 Catedrala Sfânta Treime
 A Dunaalmási Római Katolikus Egyház történetéből

1701 births
1754 deaths
Austrian Baroque architects
Artists from Vienna
Austrian people of Italian descent


Southern States University (SSU) is a private for-profit university with its headquarters in San Diego, California. It is owned by Tepper Technologies, Inc., and has three locations, two in Southern California (San Diego and Irvine) and one in Nevada (Las Vegas). SSU is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools.

History
The institution was founded in 1983, originally in Orange County, California. Its current owner is Tepper Technologies, Inc., which purchased it in 2005.

Academics
Southern States University offers a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Master of Business Administration (MBA), and Master of Science in Information Technology (MSIT). Certificate programs are also offered in the areas of Marketing, Business, and Information Technology.

It is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools. It is also approved by the California Bureau of Private Postsecondary Education and the Nevada Commission on Postsecondary Education.

Locations
SSU is based in San Diego, California. It has campuses in San Diego, Irvine, and Las Vegas.

References

External links
 Official website

For-profit universities and colleges in the United States
Private universities and colleges in California
Universities and colleges in San Diego
Universities and colleges in Orange County, California
Newport Beach, California
1983 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1983
Education in Irvine, California


Mario Inchausti Goitia (3 June 1915 – 2 May 2006) was a Cuban footballer.

Club career
Born in Caibarién, Cuba, he emigrated to Spain aged 10 and played for Real Zaragoza, Real Betis and Real Madrid, before retiring in 1942 due to injury.

References

External links
 Player profile at LFP (archived 10 September 2007)
 Player profile at Weltfußball.de

1915 births
2006 deaths
People from Caibarién
Sportspeople from Villa Clara Province
Cuban people of Spanish descent
Cuban people of Basque descent
Spanish people of Cuban descent
Men's association football goalkeepers
Cuban men's footballers
Real Zaragoza players
Real Betis players
Real Madrid CF players
Cuban expatriate men's footballers
Cuban expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
La Liga players


"The Happiest Place in Town" is a song by Australian rock/pop group Do-Ré-Mi released by Virgin Records in May 1988 as the fourth and final single, from their second studio album The Happiest Place in Town.

The photograph on the artwork features a shot of an old style pinball parlour with the phrase "the happiest place in town" on the awning. The parlour was located on George Street in Sydney, not far from Broadway.

Track listing
"The Happiest Place in Town" (Dorland Bray, Stephen Philip)
"Take Me Anywhere" (Bray, Helen Carter, Philip)

Personnel
Do-Ré-Mi members
Dorland Bray — drums, percussion, backing vocals
Helen Carter — bass guitar, backing vocals
Deborah Conway — lead vocalist
Stephen Philip — guitar

Recording details

Producer — Martin Rushent

References

1988 singles
Do-Re-Mi (band) songs
1988 songs
Virgin Records singles
Song recordings produced by Martin Rushent


Clinical Lung Cancer is a peer-reviewed medical journal that has been published by Elsevier since 2011. It was established by the CIG Media Group in 1999.

History
Clinical Lung Cancer is indexed in Index Medicus/PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica), Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, Science Citation Index Expanded, CINAHL, and Chemical Abstracts. It is published six times annually.

Scope
Clinical Lung Cancer publishes articles on detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lung cancer. The emphasis is on recent scientific developments in all areas related to lung cancer.

Areas of interest include clinical research and mechanistic approaches; drug sensitivity and resistance; gene and antisense therapy; pathology, markers, and prognostic indicators; chemoprevention strategies; multimodality therapy; and integration of various approaches.

The journal publishes editorials, original research papers, comprehensive reviews, current treatment reports, case reports, brief communications, current trials, translational medicine pieces, and a "Meeting Highlights" section.

Editor in chief
The editor-in-chief is David R. Gandara. He is a member of the board of directors of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and the Addario Foundation. He served as a member of the board of directors of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and as secretary-treasurer. Gandara is a member of professional committees, including the NCI Investigational Drug Steering Committee and the NCI Science Correlates Committee.

He is the Chair of the Southwest Oncology Group's Lung Committee (SWOG). Gandara has published more than 225 articles and 10 book chapters. Gandara holds a BA from the University of Texas and an MD with honors from the University of Texas Medical Branch.

External links
 Clinical Lung Cancer
 Clinical Lung Cancer on ScienceDirect

Oncology journals
Lung cancer
Academic journals established in 1999
English-language journals


The Pepperdine Waves are the athletics teams of Pepperdine University, located outside the city of Malibu, California. They compete at the Division I level of the NCAA. The school is a member of the West Coast Conference for the majority of its programs. Pepperdine University was recently ranked by the Sears Cup as having the most successful athletic program for non-football Division I schools (Stanford was ranked the most successful Division I athletic program with football). Pepperdine University sponsors seventeen NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics teams. There are also several intercollegiate sports clubs such as men's soccer, men's and women's lacrosse, surf team, Ultimate Frisbee and men's rugby.

Pepperdine's chief athletic rival is the Loyola Marymount Lions, who are also in the WCC.

Nickname
Since the school's founding, the school's nickname has been the Waves. It was selected by president Batsell Baxter, as the general consensus among faculty and students was that there were too many animal names in college athletics at the time. Though the school was located in South Los Angeles at the time, the name has stuck, becoming more appropriate after the school's move to Malibu.

Sports sponsored

Baseball

Major league pitcher Jon Moscot pitched for the baseball team in 2011 and 12. Other Waves pitchers who went on to success in the majors include Dan Haren, Randy Wolf, and Noah Lowry.

Basketball
Pepperdine sponsors both men's and women's NCAA Division I college basketball teams.

Men's

The Pepperdine Waves men's basketball team began play in the 1938–1939 season, and has amassed 12 regular-season conference titles and three conference tournament championships. It qualified for the NAIA men's basketball tournament seven times during the 1940s and 1950s. It has made 13 appearances in the NCAA tournament, six in the National Invitation Tournament, and three in the College Basketball Invitational (CBI), and it won the CBI championship in 2021. Thirty-eight former Waves have been drafted or played National Basketball Association as recently as 2021 (Kessler Edwards) and 2023 (Maxwell Lewis).

Women's

The Pepperdine Waves women's basketball team began play in the 1975–76 season and has won four conference regular-season titles and three conference tournament championships. The Waves have made four appearances in the NCAA tournament and six in the Women's National Invitation Tournament advancing to the Sweet 16 in 2019.

Women's beach volleyball
The Pepperdine Waves women's beach volleyball team represents Pepperdine University in women's beach volleyball. Pepperdine launched its beach volleyball program in 2011.

Men's golf
The men's golf team has won 20 West Coast Conference championships (1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2018, 2019) They won the NCAA Division I Championship in 1997 and 2021.

Pepperdine golfers who have won at the professional level are Brent Geiberger (2 PGA Tour wins), Jason Gore (1 PGA Tour win, 7 Korn Ferry Tour wins), Andrew Putnam (1 PGA Tour win, 2 Korn Ferry Tour wins), Jeff Gove (3 Korn Ferry Tour wins), Michael Putnam (3 Web.com Tour wins), and Byron Smith (1 Korn Ferry Tour win, 4 Canadian Tour wins).

Women's soccer
The women's soccer team, launched in 1993, has earned an invitation to the NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship tournament 12 times, qualified with a national seeding five times, and advanced to the Round of 16 in 2002, 2005, 2014, and 2021. National Women's Soccer League teams have selected seven Pepperdine players in NWSL Drafts: Roxanne Barker (2013, 32nd overall), Michelle Pao (2014, 24th overall), Lynn Williams (2015, 6th overall), Brianna Visalli (2018, 19th overall), Hailey Harbison (2019, 9th overall), Michelle Maemone (2019, 23rd overall), and Joelle Anderson (2021, 26th overall).

Men's tennis

In 1982 Brad Gilbert transferred to Pepperdine University, playing for Allen Fox. He became an All-American and reached the finals of the 1982 NCAA Championship. Gilbert is a 1999 inductee into the Pepperdine Athletics Hall of Fame.

Andrew Sznajder played college tennis at Pepperdine, where he was a two-time All-American selection (1987 and 1988; he was # 3 in college rankings both years). In 1988, he won the Intercollegiate Tennis Association indoor individual championship. He turned pro in his sophomore year. Israeli tennis player Boaz Merenstein also played for the school.

Water polo

Merrill Moses, three-time Olympic water polo player and silver medalist, played water polo for the Waves for four years from 1995-98.  He was All-American honorable mention in 1996, first team in 1997, and second team in 1998.  He was also All-Mountain Pacific Sports Federation all four years, and 1997 MPSF Goalkeeper of the Year.  He helped lead Pepperdine to the 1997 NCAA championship, and was game and team MVP. Moses is now Associate Head Coach in water polo at Pepperdine.

Former sports

Football

Pepperdine played football from 1946 to 1961. At the end of the inaugural 1946 season the Waves defeated Nebraska Wesleyan University in the 1947 Will Rogers Bowl.

Facilities
 Alumni Park - Cross country
 Eddy D. Field Stadium - baseball
 Firestone Fieldhouse - basketball & volleyball
 Raleigh Runnels Memorial Pool - women's swimming & diving and men's water polo
 Ralphs-Straus Tennis Center - tennis
 Stotsenberg Track - track & field
 Tari Frahm Rokus Field - soccer
 Zuma Beach - beach volleyball home site
 Athletics Performance Center - training facilities
 Helen Stone Performance Center - athletics training & offices

Traditions

Mascot
The school's first mascot was Roland the Wave (a nod to the popular cheer "Roll on you Waves!"). From 1945 to 1950 the school used a wave costume (less amorphous than the current mascot's) on the sidelines. In 1951, Joe the Pelican was introduced at a football game. The idea was quickly dropped, however, because of the expense of caring for a live pelican. In 1952, Willy the Wave made his debut. Willy has always had the head and "hair" of a wave, though he has gone through several costumes, including one with white hair representing the foam of a wave, and the early 1990s version which bore a strong resemblance to the Mac Tonight mascot of Kraft Macaroni & Cheese commercials at the time. In 1996, Willy was replaced with King Neptune as part of a re-branding effort. The nickname never took off, however, and was scrapped in 2003. It was not until 2006, however, that Willy made his final return to Pepperdine athletics, this time with a larger wave head and usually wearing boardshorts and an Aloha shirt.

School colors
Since the founding, the school's colors have been blue and orange.  They were chosen by President Baxter over the final choice of blue and gold as at the time, no other Pacific school used the colors, which represented the blue of the Pacific Ocean and the oranges grown by the state of California. (Cal State Fullerton has since adopted similar colors, though their shades are darker than Pepperdine's.)

Gallery

References

External links


Jan Grot (Grotowic) was bishop of Kraków from 1326 to 1347. Initially, he was a fierce opponent of King Casimir the Great, whom he excommunicated in 1334. However, they reconciled in 1343.

References

External links
Anna Adamska: Uwagi o itinerarium biskupa Jana Grotowica (1326-1347). "Nasza Przeszłość Vol. 84.

Bishops of Kraków
14th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Poland


Artaius is a Celtic epithet applied to the Roman god Mercury during the Romano-Celtic period. It is known from a single inscription from Beaucroissant in the Isère:

MERCVRIO
AVG ARTAIO
SACR
SEX GEMINIVS
CVPITVS
EX VOTO
"To the august Mercury Artaius, Sextus Geminius Cupitus (has dedicated this) sacred (stone) in fulfillment of a vow."

In Gaulish, the word artos means ‘bear’, and artaios would have been a derivative (meaning something like ‘ursine’). Miranda Green considers Mercury Artaius to have been a bear-god. It is also possible that Artaius is derived from a place name (so that, as an "Artaian Mercury", he would only indirectly have any association with bears). Based on the inscription found at Beaucroissant, Auguste Longnon surmised that the location was once called Artay; there is a similarly named town, Artaix, in Saône-et-Loire.

References

Gaulish gods
Votive offering
Mercurian deities
Bear deities


The Accidental President: How 413 Lawyers, 9 Supreme Court Justices, and 5,963,110 Floridians (Give or Take a Few) Landed George W. Bush in the White House is a 2001 book by Newsweek writer David A. Kaplan. The book details the 2000 United States presidential election, focusing on the battle over the electoral votes of the state of Florida that culminated in the United States Supreme Court ruling in Bush v. Gore that awarded the votes, and thus the Presidency, to George W. Bush.

Bibliography
 Kaplan, David A. (2001). The Accidental President: How 413 Lawyers, 9 Supreme Court Justices, and 5,963,110 Floridians (Give or Take a Few) Landed George W. Bush in the White House. New York, William Morrow (an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers). .

Books about the 2000 United States presidential election


Hollis Robbins (born 1963) is an American academic and essayist; Robbins currently serves as dean of humanities at University of Utah. Her scholarship focuses on African-American literature.

Education and early career
Robbins was born and raised in New Hampshire. She entered Johns Hopkins University at the age of 16 and received her B.A. in 1983. From 1986 to 1988 Robbins worked at The New Yorker magazine in the marketing and promotions department. She received a master's degree in public policy from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in 1990, and subsequently enrolled as a doctoral student in the department of communication at Stanford University in 1991.

After working in politics and public policy in California and Colorado, Robbins returned to school to pursue an M.A. in English literature from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1998, and a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 2003, where her dissertation focused on the literary representations of bureaucracy in 19th-century British and American literature.

Academic career
After receiving her Ph.D., from 2004 to 2006, Robbins was an assistant professor of English at Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi. In 2004 she also became co-director with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. of the Black Periodical Literature Project at Harvard’s Hutchins Center for African and African American Research. From 2006 to 2017 Robbins was a faculty member and then chair of the department of humanities at the Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins University where she taught a class in film music with Thomas Dolby. Robbins was the director of the Center for Africana Studies at Johns Hopkins, from 2014 to 2017. From 2014 to 2018, she served on the faculty editorial board of the Johns Hopkins University Press and from 2011 to 2017 served on the board of the $400M Johns Hopkins Federal Credit Union. She won the 2014 Johns Hopkins University Alumni Excellence in Teaching Award, a 2015 Johns Hopkins University Discovery Award, and a 2017–2018 fellowship from the National Humanities Center.

Robbins became dean of humanities at the University of Utah on July 1, 2022. Previously, from 2018 to 2022, she was dean of the school of arts and humanities at Sonoma State University in Rohnert Park, California. Her research focuses on African American history and literature.  In 2004, she began collaborating with Henry Louis Gates Jr. and co-edited  (2004). She also co-edited  (2007) with Gates. She has also written on higher education as well as African American poetry and film music. She is also a published poet.

Selected publications

As author

As editor

See also

References

External links
 .
  of the College of Humanities at University of Utah.
 Black Periodical Literature Project at The Hutchins Center for African and African American Research.
 Dracula and Social Discoordination, excerpt from chapter 23 of Killing Time by Robbins.

1963 births
Living people
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
Black studies scholars
Princeton University alumni
American literary critics
American women literary critics
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Harvard University people
Sonoma State University faculty
21st-century American women writers
American women editors
American women academics


Leroy Resodihardjo (born 4 March 1987) is a Dutch footballer who plays for VV Smitshoek, as a midfielder.

Career
Born in Leidschendam, Resodihardjo has played for ADO Den Haag, Almere City, SVV Scheveningen and VV Smitshoek.

Personal life
He is of Indonesian descent.

References

1987 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
ADO Den Haag players
Almere City FC players
SVV Scheveningen players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Tweede Divisie players
Derde Divisie players
People from Leidschendam
Dutch people of Indonesian descent
Men's association football midfielders
VV Smitshoek players
Vierde Divisie players
Footballers from South Holland


Sir Abel Guobadia OFR (28 June 1932 – 4 February 2011) was an educator, administrator, diplomat and retired public servant.

Education
Abel Guobadia was born on 28 June 1932, in Benin City, Nigeria. He attended C.M.S. Primary Schools in Benin City (1939–1945); Government College, Ibadan (1946–1951); University College Ibadan (1952–1957). In 1962, he won a scholarship for graduate studies in the United States of America and was awarded the Ph.D. in solid-state physics from the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US, in 1966.

Career
Prior to enrolling for his Ph.D., Abel Guobadia began his career as a physics teacher at Osogbo Grammar School (1957); Ilesha Grammar School (1958); Government College Ughelli (1958–1959); Edo College, Benin City (1960); Government College Ibadan (1960–1961) and the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (1961–1962). From 1966 - 1971, Dr. Guobadia was a Senior Lecturer and Head of Department of Physics at the University of Lagos, Nigeria.

Guobadia worked at Nigeria's National Universities Commission throughout most of the 1970s and early 1980s and rose to the position of Director of Academic Planning and subsequently, Executive Secretary of the Commission. In 1983, Dr. Guobadia helped the University of Benin, Benin City establish a Consultancy Services Unit and became the pioneer Director of the Unit.

In January 1984, Guobadia was appointed Commissioner of Education for the defunct Bendel State of Nigeria under the military administration of then Brigadier Jeremiah Useni. Later in 1986, the Colonel John Mark Inienger military administration appointed him the Bendel State Commissioner of Finance and Economic Planning.
In 1987, President Ibrahim Babangida appointed Abel Guobadia Nigeria's first resident Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Korea.
Upon retirement, Abel Guobadia floated a private educational consulting firm, Advanced Educational Services Limited, that was responsible for developing academic programs for several universities in Nigeria. Abel Guobadia and Professor T. M. Yesufu played an influential role in the establishment of the Igbinedion University, Okada in Edo State, Nigeria.

In 2000, the government of President Olusegun Obasanjo appointed Guobadia Nigeria's Chief Electoral Officer.
Dr. Guobadia was confirmed as the Chairman of Nigeria's Independent National Electoral Commission by the Nigerian Senate in May 2000.
Guobada retired from this position in May 2005 becoming the first, and so far, only Chairman of the Electoral Commission since Nigeria's independence in 1960, to complete his tenure.

Abel Guobadia has served as chairman and/or member of many boards, including that of the New Nigeria Bank, West African Examinations Council and the Nigerian Standards Organization. He has served in several capacities on Governing Councils of several universities in Nigeria. Guobadia was former Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of Council of the Edo State University, Ekpoma. Abel Guobadia was the President of the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) from 1971 to 1976 and remains an honorary life fellow of STAN. He is a Special Member of the Senate of the University of Benin, Benin City.

In seeking to advance the development of his cosmopolitan Edo community in mid-western Nigeria, Guobadia worked as the secretary of the Benin Forum and chairman of the Edo Forum respectively from 1992 to 2000.
Abel Guobadia served as chairman of the board of trustees of a prominent non-governmental organisation, Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC) located in Benin City, Nigeria. Guobadia died on February 4, 2011, at the age of 78.

References

External links

1932 births
2011 deaths
Members of the Independent National Electoral Commission
Nigerian physicists
University of Ibadan alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Academic staff of the University of Lagos
Academic staff of the University of Nigeria
People from Benin City
Government College, Ibadan alumni
Members of the Order of the Federal Republic


Tara Mae Thornton is a fictional character in Charlaine Harris' The Southern Vampire Mysteries and their television adaptation, HBO's True Blood.

Profile

Tara Mae Thornton is a twenty-something Louisiana native and lifelong friend of the main protagonist, Sookie Stackhouse.

The books establish that Tara's parents were abusive alcoholics. The television show expands Tara's family to include her cousin Lafayette Reynolds and his mother, Ruby Jean Reynolds.

The Southern Vampire Mysteries
Tara has two siblings, a brother and a sister. They left Bon Temps and Tara behind as soon as they were able to. In Living Dead in Dallas, Tara is engaged to "Eggs" Benedict Talley, but this relationship ends when a secret sex party they attend goes awry. She then opens up a clothing store called "Tara's Togs" and briefly dates the vampire Franklin Mott. He soon dumps her and gives her to the vampire Mickey, who turns out to be a sadist. The situation with Mickey gets so bad that Sookie and the vampire Eric Northman must take action to rescue her.

After owning and operating her own business for a few years, Tara becomes ready to settle down. During the events of All Together Dead, she and JB du Rone elope. Tara confides to Sookie that she's pregnant with JB's twins, telling her that she did not plan on having a baby, but felt she should try her best and be the great mother that she herself never had. It is Claude who reveals that Tara is having twins, a boy and a girl. She later gives birth to a daughter named Sara Sookie and a son named Robert Thornton with help from Sookie. She and JB go through some financial problems after the birth of the twins. To Tara's annoyance, JB decides to work as a stripper at Hooligans, a bar owned by Sookie's fairy cousin Claude. After the events in Dead Ever After, Tara and JB divorce. Tara subsequently became successful in her business, opening a series of clothing stores.

True Blood

In the HBO series True Blood, Tara is portrayed by actress Rutina Wesley. Actress Brook Kerr was originally cast in the role but was replaced after the pilot episode. She first appeared in the BloodCopy.com's video “Maxine & Tara Thornton interview”.

Seasons 1 and 2
At the beginning of the television show, Tara lives with her mother Lettie Mae, who is described as an alcoholic turned fundamentalist who brings nothing but misery to Tara's life. As a child, Tara would run to Sookie's house to get away from her mother's beatings. Because of this and Tara's acceptance of Sookie as a telepath, they became best friends. Despite enduring years of abuse, neglect, and disappointment from her mother, Tara still cares deeply about Lettie Mae's well-being. Tara is depicted as a very angry and wounded individual.

Tara leaves her mother's house and moves into Lafayette's home. The discovery of a hidden webcam in his bathroom results in her moving out and into her own apartment. After her mother undergoes an exorcism, Tara briefly moves back in with her, but then Tara is arrested for DUI, so Lettie Mae kicks Tara back out. Tara is later bailed out by the mysterious "social worker" Maryann Forrester, and she takes up residence at Maryann's luxurious estate.

Tara and Sam Merlotte, who is Tara's boss, explore the possibilities of a romantic relationship. Before they can give it another try, Tara meets "Eggs" Benedict Talley, who also lives with Maryann. Sensing that something is not quite right with the mysterious lady, Tara resists the temptation to live with them permanently and moves in with Sookie. However, Sookie goes to Dallas and leaves Tara alone. A vulnerable Tara succumbs to the draw of Maryann and Eggs, but instead of moving in with them, Tara invites the pair to move into Sookie's. Tara and Eggs use this opportunity to get to know each other, and Tara even falls in love with him despite his questionable past. The relationship ends when Eggs is killed by Jason Stackhouse.

Seasons 3 and 4
Tara then crosses paths with the sociopathic vampire Franklin Mott. Franklin glamours, bites, and kidnaps her, keeping her bound in a bathroom. He takes her to the Mississippi mansion of Russell Edgington. Franklin mixes romantic talk and the prospect of turning her into a vampire with coercive actions, while Tara attempts to soothe him with compliant words, while plotting her own escape. She escapes him on her second attempt and makes it back to Bon Temps, where she seeks help in a rape survivors' group. Franklin confronts her once more in the parking lot of Merlotte's Bar and Grill a few nights later and attempts to kidnap her again. Tara is saved when Jason Stackhouse arrives and kills Franklin.

Jason, the object of Tara's affection since she was a little girl, takes her back to his house to recover. They kiss, but then Jason confesses to being the one who shot Eggs. Tara leaves his place and goes back to Merlotte's where she finds a very angry-at-the-world Sam. The two end up spending another night together, and in the morning, Tara feels a little less frayed around the edges. The feeling does not last, however, as Sam reveals his shape-shifting secret to her. She leaves his house and goes back to her mother's, where she finds Lettie Mae in an intimate situation with the Reverend Daniels. Overwhelmed, Tara leaves Bon Temps for New Orleans, where she changes her first name to "Toni" and finds work as an MMA-style cage fighter. Tara has started a relationship with a female fighter, Naomi. But Tara eventually returns to Bon Temps and, through her association with the medium Marnie Stonebrook, becomes entangled in the vampires' battle against necromancy. Shortly afterward, she is seen pushing Sookie out of the way of a shotgun blast from the gun of Debbie Pelt, but the buckshot hits her in the side and back of the head and neck.

Seasons 5, 6, and 7
After being shot and left for dead, Tara is turned into a vampire by Pamela Swynford De Beaufort at the request of Lafayette and Sookie. She subsequently attacks Lafayette and Sookie upon awaking, holding resentment that the only people she loved would turn her into her worst nightmare. Pam gives her work at Fangtasia first as a bartender, and later as a dancer. As the fifth season progresses, Tara becomes more comfortable with her new life, befriends fellow baby vampire Jessica Hamby, and begins to develop romantic feelings for Pam. During Eric Northman and Bill Compton's involvement with the Vampire Authority, Tara assists in the murder of vampire sheriff Elijah Stormer. Pam is arrested by the Authority and held captive, being freed when Tara joins Eric, Jason, Sookie, and Nora Gainesborough in the infiltration of the Authority's headquarters. Upon reuniting, Tara and Pam share a passionate kiss.

Tara and Pam are then captured and held in the vampire prison camps, created by Louisiana governor Truman Burrell as part of the state's efforts to control the vampire population. She becomes friends with Willa Burrell, the governor's daughter, who was turned by Eric. The group later escapes when Bill breaks into the camp and feeds the vampires his faerie-infused blood, which allows them to (albeit briefly) walk in sunlight.

Tara is killed by another vampire in Episode 1 of Season 7.

Throughout season 7, Tara appears to her mother, who is under the influence of vampire blood, trying to tell her something about their past. In episode 8, it is revealed Tara had an abusive father who left after a fight with Lettie Mae. During the fight, a young Tara pulls out her father's gun and almost shoots him but decides to bury it in the yard, resulting in his departure. At the end of the series, Tara and Lettie Mae make peace one last time. Tara asks her mother to forgive herself and then "let her go". They share a tearful hug, and Tara moves on to the afterlife, but not before looking back at her mother one last time.

Bibliography

The character Tara Thornton appears in the following:

 Living Dead in Dallas (March 2002, )
 Club Dead (May 2003, )
 Dead to the World (May 2004, hardcover , 2005, paperback )
 "Fairy Dust" from Powers of Detection (October 2004, )
 "One Word Answer" from Bite (2005, )
 Dead as a Doornail (May 2005, hardcover , April 2006, audio book , paperback )
 Definitely Dead (May 2006, hardcover , audio book )
 All Together Dead (May 2007, hardcover )
 "Dracula Night" from Many Bloody Returns (September 2007, hardcover )
 From Dead to Worse (May 2008, hardcover )
 Dead in the Family (May 2010, hardcover )

References

Female characters in literature
American female characters in television
Fictional waiting staff
Fictional African-American people
Fictional bartenders
Fictional characters from Louisiana
Fictional bisexual women
Fictional vampires
Fictional characters with superhuman strength
Fictional characters with accelerated healing
Fictional characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Literary characters introduced in 2002
The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters
Fictional victims of domestic abuse
Fictional victims of sexual assault


The Fruits of Enlightenment, aka Fruits of Culture (1889-90, pub. 1891) is a play by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. It satirizes the persistence of unenlightened attitudes towards the peasants amongst the Russian landed aristocracy. In 1891 Constantin Stanislavski achieved success when he directed the play for his Society of Art and Literature organization.

History

Tolstoy created the first, incomplete draft of the play in 1886, along with The Power of Darkness. Three years later, his children and wife persuaded him to complete the manuscript sufficiently for a house performance in Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy initially denied the proposal but quickly took the lead in directing the amateur actors; the cast included twenty six of his children, two nieces, a court prosecutor from Tula and a judge from Moscow. This first performance was on 30 December 1889. According to Sergei Tolstoy, the 1889 play deliberately reflected the realities of Yasnaya Polyana and the neighboring country estates, even using the real names of Tula gentry for the stage characters (these names were replaced with purely fictitious ones later). The first performance washed out the border between imaginary characters and the real personalities playing them, removing the fourth wall between actors and the audience; it has never since been reproduced in this form. The audience received the play well, and it was reproduced by Tula amateurs, including Tatyana Tolstaya, in April 1890, with the proceeds donated to a local orphanage. The second performance was attended by Maly theatre actor Alexander Yuzhin and independent theatre director Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko.

In 1891 Constantin Stanislavski directed the first public performance in Moscow for his amateur Society of Art and Literature in its theatre on Tverskaya Street. This production starred Vera Komissarzhevskaya, Maria Lilina (Stanislavski's wife), Vasily Luzhsky and Stanislavski himself as Zvezdintsev. The first truly professional performance was staged in Saint Peterburg's Alexandrinsky Theater in September 1891. The leading role of Zvezdintsev was offered to Vladimir Davydov who declined the honour and chose the lesser role of a third peasant; the second peasant wore makeup to resemble Leo Tolstoy himself, and the first peasant's makeup was designed by Ilya Repin. The show was a success and in December 1891 it premiered in Moscow's Maly theatre. Tolstoy attended Maly theatre production in January 1892 and left dissatisfied with the artists' rendition of the three peasants. The play has remained in Russian and Soviet theatre repertory ever since.

References

Sources

 Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. .
 Magarshack, David. 1950. Stanislavsky: A Life. London and Boston: Faber, 1986. .

 Yulia Rybkova (1982). Comments to the Fruits of Enlightenment (in Russian) in the 11th volume of the 22-volume set of Leo Tolstoy works

Plays by Leo Tolstoy
1889 plays


The Grotte du Renne (French for "Reindeer's cave") is one of the many caves at Arcy-sur-Cure in France, an archaeological site of the Middle/Upper Paleolithic period in the Yonne departement, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It contains Châtelperronian lithic industry and Neanderthal remains. Grotte du Renne has been argued to provide the best evidence that Neanderthals developed aspects of modern behaviour before contact with modern humans, but this has been challenged by radiological dates, which suggest mixing of later human artifacts with Neanderthal remains. However, it has also been argued that the radiometric dates have been affected by post-recovery contamination, and statistical testing suggests the association between Neanderthal remains, Châtelperronian artefacts and personal ornaments is genuine, not the result of post-depositional processes.

Site
It has 15 archaeological levels that cover a depth of about 4 m. From top to base they are labelled I to XV. Those of IV, V and VI are Gravettian. Level VII is Aurignacian. VIII, IX and X are Châtelperronian (42 kya); level X contains symbolic ornaments, awls, pierced animal teeth, and ivory pendants considered a part of the Chatelperronian. In 2023, 76 Neanderthal fossils were reported from level X during excavations in 1949, 1963, and 1976. XI and XII are Mousterian with denticulate tools. XIV is typical old Mousterian.

Faunal remains include reindeer and horse, and these animals are the source of some of the bone tools used at the site. Some mammoth remains are visible, interpreted by Leroi-Gourhan as evidence for huts at the entrance, but this has not been substantiated.

Neanderthal behavior

Because Neanderthal remains coexist with artifacts showing complex behavior, such as personal ornaments, it has been argued that they had acquired the capacity for complex symbolic behavior associated with modern humans.

Paul Mellars notes, on the basis of new radiocarbon dating on the cave of Grotte du Renne, "that there was strong possibility — if not probability — that they were stratigraphically intrusive into the Châtelperronian deposits from .. overlying Proto-Aurignacian levels" and that "The central and inescapable implication of the new dating results from the Grotte du Renne is that the single most impressive and hitherto widely cited pillar of evidence for the presence of complex "symbolic" behavior among the late Neanderthal populations in Europe has now effectively collapsed.". Caron et al. challenge this interpretation, arguing that the radiocarbon dates have been affected by incomplete decontamination, that there is no evidence for general displacement of artefacts between the stratigraphic layers, that the associations between Neanderthal remains and artefacts are therefore genuine, and that Grotte du Renne is complemented by evidence for similar Neanderthal behaviour from Iberian and Italian sites.

References

Related articles
 Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure

External links

Prehistoric sites in France
Renne, grotte du
Landforms of Yonne
Neanderthal sites
Mousterian


Anjali Forber-Pratt (born June 22, 1984) is an American wheelchair racer who competes in sprint events at the Paralympic level. She is currently the Director of the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR). Before that, she was an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University in the Department of Human & Organizational Development.

Life
Born in Kolkata, India and her mother left her, Forber-Pratt was adopted by Lawrence Pratt and Rosalind Forber when she was two and a half months old. Raised in Natick, Massachusetts, Forber-Pratt was diagnosed with transverse myelitis when she was four-and-a-half months old; the disorder left her paralyzed from the waist, down. Forber-Pratt began racing at the national level in 1993 with an appearance at the Junior National Wheelchair Games, and went on to compete at the games three more times—in 1996, 1998, and 2003—winning a total of four gold, six silver, and two bronze medals. She previously held the World Record  and American Record holder in the 200-meter. As a student at Natick High School, Forber-Pratt also competed in downhill skiing before graduating in 2002.

Forber-Pratt is a three-time graduate from the University of Illinois and is an alumni member of the school's wheelchair track and field team. She has received a bachelor's and master's degree in Speech Language Pathology from Illinois and earned her Ph.D. in Human Resource Education in May 2012.

Her first major international competition was the 2007 Parapan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, where she won two gold medals in the 100-meter and 200-meter races and a bronze in the 400-meter. At the 2008 Beijing Paralympics, she won a bronze medal in the 400-meter T53 event with a personal best time of 56.79 seconds and another bronze in the 4×100-meter relay T53–T54. She also competed in the 100-meter and 200-meter in Beijing, finishing sixth and fourth, respectively. She competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London on Team USA in the 100m, 200m and 400m T53 events, getting sixth, fifth, and seventh place respectively.

Forber-Pratt is a former Board member of the Transverse Myelitis Association (now Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association). The Transverse Myelitis Association is a not-for-profit international foundation dedicated to the support of children, adolescents, and adults with a spectrum of rare neuro-immune disorders including: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), Optic Neuritis (ON) and Transverse Myelitis (TM), including Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM). It was founded in 1994 by family members and individuals with these diagnoses and provides education, outreach and access to a clinical care network for these rare conditions. Forber-Pratt was a Board Member of Disabled Sports USA for many years (now Move United). Founded in 1967, Disabled Sports USA is an organization that provides opportunities for more than 60,000 youth, wounded warriors, and adults with disabilities each year to develop independence, confidence, and fitness through participation in disabled sports.

Forber-Pratt is also a disability advocate, and in 2002 was involved in a legal battle with her high school, fighting for equal access to education for students with disabilities. Forber-Pratt was honored by the White House as a Champion of Change  by President Barack Obama in 2013 and participated in a roundtable discussion about disability policy issues with several key disability leaders. In August 2017, Forber-Pratt received the Athletes in Excellence Award from The Foundation for Global Sports Development in recognition of her community service efforts and work with youth. In 2019, she was featured by the UN Women Global Innovation Coalition for Change as part of the #SheInnovates campaign In 2021, she was appointed by the Biden administration as the Director of the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR).

References

External links

 Academic publications

1984 births
Living people
American female wheelchair racers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Illinois Fighting Illini Paralympic athletes
Paralympic track and field athletes for the United States
Paralympic bronze medalists for the United States
People from Natick, Massachusetts
People with paraplegia
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Paralympic wheelchair racers
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medalists at the 2007 Parapan American Games
Indian adoptees
American adoptees
Indian emigrants to the United States
21st-century American women


Mackenzie Brooke Smith (born February 6, 2001) is an American actress, most notable for her recurring role on Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles as Savannah, the daughter of Catherine Weaver. She also appeared in the 2016 motion picture The Family Fang, alongside Kathryn Hahn and Jason Bateman. Smith can also be seen guest starring in television series like Grey's Anatomy, 100 Things to Do Before High School, Desperate Housewives and The Middle.

Career
Best known for her recurring role in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles as Savannah Weaver, the daughter of Catherine Weaver and Lachlan Weaver.
Early in her career, Smith could be seen in The Passenger as Claire Currie. She had a small role in Road to the Altar as Brooke, a girl who plays with her sister in a hair and makeup shop. Smith also had a small part in Pushing Daisies as the younger Lily Charles in the episode "Kerplunk". In 2010, Smith was also seen in two episodes of Desperate Housewives as Rachel Miller. She was also seen in The Middle as Megan, a young girl that goes to school with Brick Heck.
In recent years she has appeared as supporting characters in films such as A Winter Rose, The Family Fang which was directed by Jason Bateman, and the thriller anthology Phobias where she acted alongside Lauren Miller Rogen. Her most notable work in television as a teenager and adult include the reoccurring role of Martha in 100 Things to Do Before High School, and the Guest Star role Ella Nelstadt in Grey's Anatomy''.

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Awards

References

External links

2001 births
21st-century American actresses
American child actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people


Buffon's river garfish (Zenarchopterus buffonis) is a species of fish in the family Hemiramphidae.

Distribution and habitat
Buffon's river garfish is found at the surface levels of rivers, estuaries and coastal waters throughout the Indo-West Pacific region, extending from southern China to northern Australia. It feeds on terrestrial insects. It grows up to 23 cm in length and is not a commercially fished species.

References

Buffon's river garfish
Freshwater fish of Australia
Buffon's river garfish


The 756th Air Refueling Squadron is a United States Air Force Reserve squadron, assigned to the 459th Operations Group, stationed at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland.

The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 756th Bombardment Squadron.  After training in the United States, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, and it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for its actions.  Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated.

In 1947, the squadron was reactivated in the reserves, but does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped before inactivating in June 1949.  It was again activated in the reserves a few months later as a corollary unit, flying with the active duty 301st Bombardment Group.  It was called to active duty for the Korean War, but did not serve as a unit, its personnel being used as fillers for other units, while the squadron was inactivated.

The squadron was redesignated the 756th Troop Carrier Squadron and again activated at Andrews in the reserve in 1954.  It served as an airlift unit until 2003, when it converted to the air refueling mission.

Mission
The squadron operates Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft conducting air refueling missions.

History

World War II

The squadron was first activated on 1 July 1943 at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico as the 756th Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 459th Bombardment Group.  The squadron trained with Consolidated B-24 Liberators under Second Air Force until October, when it moved to Westover Field, Massachusetts.  The squadron flew long-range convoy escort missions over area between the Newfoundland Banks and Long Island Sound in November and December 1943 while Giulia Airfield, its station in Italy, was being constructed.  In January 1944, the squadron began its overseas movement.

The squadron arrived in Italy in February 1944 and began flying combat missions in March. The squadron engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military, industrial and transportation targets in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia, bombing railroad marshalling yards, oil refineries, airfields, heavy industry, and other strategic objectives.  In April 1944, the 459th Group led the 304th Bombardment Wing in an attack on an airfield and aircraft factory at Bad Vöslau, Austria through heavy flak and fighter attacks.  The squadron was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for this action.

In addition to strategic missions, the squadron also carried out support and interdiction operations. In March 1944, the squadron attacked railroads used to supply enemy forces surrounding the Anzio beachhead. In August, it struck bridges, harbors, and troop concentrations to aid Operation Dragoon, the invasion of Southern France.  It also hit communications lines and other targets during March and April 1945 to support the advance of British Eighth Army and American Fifth Army in northern Italy.

The squadron returned to the United States in August 1945, being programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment squadron.  A cadre reformed at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota in the middle of the month. The Japanese surrender in August led to the inactivation of unit on 28 August.

Activation in reserve and Korean War mobilization
The 756th was reactivated as a reserve unit at Long Beach Army Air Field, California in April 1947.  Although nominally a heavy bomber unit, the squadron trained with North American T-6 Texans and Beechcraft T-7 Navigators and T-11 Kansans under the supervision of the 416th AAF Base Unit (later the 2347th Air Force Reserve Flying Training Center) of Air Defense Command (ADC).  In July 1948, Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.

President Truman's reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force. In June 1949 ConAC reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization system, making the squadron surplus at Long Beach.   The squadron's personnel and equipment were transferred to other reserve units there.  However, the May 1949 Air Force Reserve program called for a new type of unit, the Corollary Unit, which was a reserve unit integrated with an active duty unit.  The plan called for corollary units at 107 locations.  It was viewed as the best method to train reservists by mixing them with an existing regular unit to perform duties alongside the regular unit.  The 756th became a corollary squadron, moving on paper to Smoky Hill Air Force Base, Kansas, where it became a corollary of Strategic Air Command's 301st Bombardment Wing.  In the fall of 1949, the 301st Wing moved to Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, and the 756th moved with it.  Along with all other reserve corollary units, the squadron was mobilized for the Korean War.  Once the squadron was mobilized in May 1951 SAC reassigned its personnel to other units and the unit inactivated it two weeks later.

Reactivation in reserves

The squadron was reactivated in the reserve at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland in May 1954 as the 756th Troop Carrier Squadron and began training with Curtiss C-46 Commandos.   In the summer of 1956, the squadron participated in Operation Sixteen Ton during its two weeks of active duty training.  Sixteen Ton was performed entirely by reserve troop carrier units and moved United States Coast Guard equipment From Floyd Bennett Naval Air Station to Isla Grande Airport in Puerto Rico and San Salvador in the Bahamas.  After the success of  Operation Sixteen Ton, the squadron began to use inactive duty training periods for Operation Swift Lift, transporting high priority cargo for the air force and Operation Ready Swap, transporting aircraft engines, between Air Materiel Command’s depots.

Meanwhile, The Joint Chiefs of Staff were pressuring the Air Force to provide more wartime airlift.  About 150 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars became available from the active force. Consequently, in 1957 the unit began conversion to the Flying Boxcar.  At Andrews, the squadron trained with the 2259th Air Reserve Flying Center, but in 1958, the center was inactivated and some of its personnel were absorbed by the squadron.  In place of active duty support for reserve units, ConAC adopted the Air Reserve Technician Program, in which a cadre of the unit consisted of full time personnel who were simultaneously civilian employees of the Air Force and held rank as members of the reserves.  Another reorganization affected the unit in April 1959, when reserve units adopted the dual deputy organization.  Under this plan, the 459th Troop Carrier Group was inactivated and the squadron reported directly to the 459th Troop Carrier Wing.   All support organizations were located with the wing headquarters at Andrews.

During the first half of 1955, the Air Force began detaching Air Force Reserve squadrons from their parent wing locations to separate sites. The concept offered several advantages: communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning.   Although the dispersal of flying units under the Detached Squadron Concept was not a problem when the entire wing was called to active service, mobilizing a single flying squadron and elements to support it proved difficult.  This weakness was demonstrated in the partial mobilization of reserve units during the Berlin Crisis of 1961.  To resolve this, ConAC determined to reorganize its reserve wings by establishing groups with support elements for each of its troop carrier squadrons at the start of 1962.  This reorganization would facilitate mobilization of elements of wings in various combinations when needed.   However, as this plan was entering its implementation phase, another partial mobilization occurred for the Cuban Missile Crisis, with the units being released on 22 November 1962.  The formation of troop carrier groups was delayed until January 1963 for wings that had not been mobilized.  At that time, the squadron was assigned to the 909th Troop Carrier Group, which was activated as the command element for the squadron, along with support elements for the 756th.  The squadron continued airlift operations with the C-119 until 1966.

In October 1966, it began flying airlift missions worldwide with the Douglas C-124 Globemaster II.  The squadron has also flown numerous humanitarian airlift missions.  As the "Old Shaky"s were phased out of the inventory. the squadron converted to the Lockheed C-130 Hercules.

In October 1983, a military coup in Grenada overthrew the government.  Shortly thereafter, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States asked the United States to intervene and restore order.  The US response, Operation Urgent Fury, began soon thereafter.  The squadron flew C-130 missions transporting military equipment to the Caribbean, evacuating wounded and students, and reinforcing marines with army forces, until the island was turned over to a peace keeping force of Caribbean countries.

The squadron returned to the strategic airlift mission in 1986, trading in its Hercules aircraft for Lockheed C-141 Starlifters.  In late 1989, the squadron participated in Operation Just Cause, the removal of Manuel Noriega as ruler of Panama.  This was the largest air operation by the USAF snce the Vietnam War.  Squadron C-141s were part of the task force that staged elements of XVIII Airborne Corps from Pope Air Force Base to Charleston Air Force Base, then airlanded them in Panama.  The squadron provided aircrews and planes to support Operation Desert Storm and Operations Northern and Southern Watch.

The squadron was redesignated in 2003 as an air refueling squadron and equipped with Boeing KC-135R Stratotankers.  Squadron crews and planes have provided air refueling support for Operation Noble Eagle, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Lineage
 Constituted 756th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 19 May 1943
 Activated on 1 July 1943
 Inactivated on 28 August 1945
 Redesignated 756th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 11 March 1947
 Activated in the reserve on 19 April 1947
 Redesignated 756th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 26 June 1949
 Ordered to active service on 1 May 1951
 Inactivated on 16 May 1951
 Redesignated 756th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 6 May 1954
 Activated in the reserve on 1 June 1954
 Redesignated 756th Military Airlift Squadron on 1 October 1966
 Redesignated 756th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 29 June 1971
 Redesignated 756th Military Airlift Squadron on 1 July 1986
 Redesignated 756th Airlift Squadron on 1 February 1992
 Redesignated 756th Air Refueling Squadron on 1 October 2003

Assignments

 459th Bombardment Group, 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945
 459th Bombardment Group, 19 April 1947
 Tenth Air Force, 26 June 1949
 Fifteenth Air Force, 21 July 1949
 Second Air Force, 1 April 1950 – 16 May 1951
 First Air Force, 1 June 1954
 459th Troop Carrier Group, 26 January 1955
 459th Troop Carrier Wing, 14 April 1959
 909th Troop Carrier Group (later 909th Military Airlift Group, 909th Tactical Airlift Group), 17 January 1963
 459th Tactical Airlift Wing (later 459th Military Airlift Wing, 459th Airlift Wing), 1 September 1975
 459th Operations Group, 1 August 1992 – present

Stations

 Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 July 1943
 Kearns Army Air Base, Utah, 2 September 1943
 Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, 22 September 1943
 Westover Field, Massachusetts, 1 November 1943 – 2 January 1944
 Giulia Airfield, Italy, 12 February 1944 – c. 2 August 1945
 Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, c. 14–28 August 1945
 Long Beach Army Air Field, California, 19 April 1947
 Smoky Hill Air Force Base, Kansas, 27 June 1949
 Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana, 10 October 1949 – 16 May 1951
 Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, 1 June 1954 – present

Aircraft

 Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1943–1945)
 Curtiss C-46 Commando (1954–1957)
 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar (1957–1966)
 Douglas C-124 Globemaster II (1966–1971)
 Lockheed C-130 Hercules (1971–1986)
 Lockheed C-141 Starlifter (1986–2003)
 Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker (2003 – present)

Awards and campaigns

See also

 B-24 Liberator units of the United States Army Air Forces
 List of C-130 Hercules operators

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

Military units and formations in Maryland
Air refueling squadrons of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations of the United States Air Force Reserves


Jack Reynolds (1937 – October 16, 2008), born Joseph James Rizzo, was an American broadcaster from Cleveland, Ohio, who was better known outside of his hometown as a professional wrestling announcer.

Broadcasting career
Cleveland area native Rizzo (who used the Jack Reynolds name on-air due to a feeling back then that his real name would sound "too ethnic") had a career in radio and television in Cleveland over several decades. He was a DJ/talk show host for the old WGAR AM 1220 and the old WWWE AM 1100. He was the booth announcer for then-independent TV station WUAB channel 43 (now Cleveland's affiliate for The CW), where he was the original host (and later frequent substitute host) of the long running afternoon Prize Movie.  He was also an on-air spokesman (on both radio and TV) for several local businesses.

Reynolds landed a brief speaking part in The Godfather as an Army captain in the wedding scene. His line "I haven't had this much fun since the blitzkrieg" was cut from the finished film.

Professional wrestling
Nationally, Reynolds was known for being a professional wrestling play by play voice.  His first stint announcing wrestling came with the short-lived IWA promotion in 1975, which had attempted to establish a national wrestling promotion years before Vince McMahon had done so.  He also worked alongside Pedro Martinez's son Ron announcing for the Buffalo, NY-based National Wrestling Federation.

This experience had apparently served him well, as Reynolds joined the World Wrestling Federation's broadcast team in September 1984.  He replaced Vince McMahon as the play-by-play announcer for the WWF's syndicated program All-Star Wrestling, which was being taped at various venues in southern Ontario and repackaged and aired in Canada as Maple Leaf Wrestling.

At the broadcast table, he was initially paired with Canadian Football League legend turned professional wrestler Angelo "King Kong" Mosca, but, in January 1985, Jesse "The Body" Ventura,  making his broadcasting debut, replaced Mosca as color commentator when Mosca left his broadcasting job to concentrate on managing his son, Angelo Mosca, Jr., who had just entered the WWF.  Reynolds and Ventura were also the original hosts of WWF Prime Time Wrestling when it debuted in January 1985 on the USA Network.

In addition, during his time with the WWF, Reynolds was the regular play-by-play announcer, paired with Billy Red Lyons as color commentator, for matches taped at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto that aired on Prime Time Wrestling or other WWF programming.

In July 1985, Gorilla Monsoon replaced Reynolds as the play-by-play announcer for All-Star Wrestling. Monsoon had also replaced Reynolds as host of Prime Time Wrestling.  Reynolds stuck around as a fill-in announcer before calling one last show in Detroit for the WWF in April 1986.

Post WWF (now WWE) Reynolds continued to work in wrestling, traveling around the world on tours with former WWF stars such as Greg "The Hammer" Valentine, King Kong Bundy, Kamala, Brutus Beefcake, and others all throughout the '90s and into the 2000s.

Death
Reynolds died at age 71 on Thursday, October 16, 2008 at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio after complications from a recent surgery.

References

1937 births
2008 deaths
American people of Italian descent
Professional wrestling announcers
Radio personalities from Cleveland
WWE


Astra 19.2°E is the name for the group of Astra communications satellites co-located at the 19.2°East orbital position in the Clarke Belt that are owned and operated by  SES based in Betzdorf, Luxembourg.

Astra 19.2°E used to be commonly known as Astra 1, as it was the first orbital position used by Astra and the craft positioned there all have the Astra 1x name, but this was changed by SES to Astra 19.2°E in 2008, to avoid confusion with other Astra orbital positions that now include Astra 1x craft originally positioned at 19.2°East.

The Astra satellites at 19.2°East provide for services downlinking in the 10.70 GHz-12.70 GHz range of the Ku band.

Astra 19.2°E is one of the major TV satellite positions serving Europe, transmitting over 1,150 TV, radio and interactive channels to more than 93 million direct-to-home (DTH) and cable homes in 35 countries (the other major satellite positions being at 13° East, 28.2° East, 23.5° East, and 5° East).

There are more than 40 high definition television (HDTV) channels broadcast by the satellites at 19.2°E, using five HDTV platforms. SES was instrumental in introducing satellite HDTV broadcasting in Europe, using the Astra 19.2°E satellites, and helped establish the HD ready specifications for TVs to view HDTV broadcasts. A subsidiary of SES, HD+ operates the HD+ free-to-view platform of German channels from Astra 19.2°E.

Astra 19.2°E was one of the last satellite positions to carry numerous analogue channels, until 30 April 2012 when the switch-off of German analogue broadcasts was completed. It is also the only position to have carried radio stations in the proprietary Astra Digital Radio format, although that technology was superseded by DVB-S radio as the analogue transponders that carried the service switched to digital.

Satellites in use

Current
 Astra 1KR (launched 2006)
 Astra 1L (launched 2007)
 Astra 1M (launched 2008)
 Astra 1N (launched 2011)

Previous
 Astra 1A (launched 1988, retired)
 Astra 1B (launched 1991, retired)
 Astra 1C (launched 1993, retired)
 Astra 1D (launched 1994, retired)
 Astra 1E (launched 1995, retired)
 Astra 1F (launched 1996, retired)
 Astra 1G (launched 1997, retired)
 Astra 1H (launched 1999, retired)
 Astra 2B (launched 2000, retired)
 Astra 2C (launched 2001)

Upcoming
 Astra 1P (to be launched in 2024)
 Astra 1Q (to be launched in 2024)

Market
The satellites at the Astra 19.2°E position primarily provide digital TV, digital radio and multimedia services to Europe and North Africa, principally to Algeria, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Morocco, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, and Tunisia.

Astra 19.2°E provides both free-to-air and a number of pay-TV services in networks such as ARD Digital, ArenaSat, CanalDigitaal, CanalSat, ORF Digital, Sky Germany, ProSieben, Movistar+, Sat.1, UPC Direct, and ZDF, and is the market leader for DTH and communal dish reception in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland.

The relatively close proximity of Astra 19.2°E to one of SES' other orbital positions, Astra 23.5°E, allows the use in target countries of a single small dish fitted with a monoblock Duo LNB to receive channels from both positions.

Capacity and reach
 the Astra satellites at 19.2° east broadcast on 147 transponders (2 Ka-band and 145 Ku-band) to 118.4 million households (44.7 million via cable, 27.5 million via IPTV and 46.2 million direct to home satellite dishes).

History
Launched in 1988, Astra 1A was the first satellite in the Astra 19.2°E group. With 16 transponders, Astra 1A was the first satellite intended for DTH reception of satellite TV across Europe. From the start of transmissions in 1989, Astra 1A carried four channels for Sky Television, the world's first commercial multi-channel DTH service, on transponders leased before the satellite was completed.

Early channels broadcasting from 19.2°East included those primarily intended for the UK, Germany, the Benelux countries, and Scandinavia, and so-called pan-European channels such as MTV Europe, CNN International, and Eurosport.

Astra 1A was joined at 19.2°East by Astra 1B in 1991 and subsequently by Astra 1C in 1993, establishing SES' principles of co-locating satellites for the provision of transparent backup by each satellite for the others in the group.

The first three satellites at Astra 19.2°E carried only analogue channels in PAL and D2-MAC. The fourth satellite, Astra 1D launched in 1994, was originally intended to carry the first European digital TV channels but the rapid expansion of satellite television across Europe and demand for analogue TV capacity meant that it was primarily used for analogue signals.

Astra 1E (1995) was dedicated to digital satellite TV services for Europe and subsequent satellites launched to Astra 19.2°E were also all-digital in the traffic they carried.

Hand-in-hand with the switchover to digital transmission of TV by satellite came a shift to encryption and the targeting of channels to individual countries or regions. The demand for digital TV capacity was so great that SES opened up additional orbital positions to provide for new digital networks aimed at specific countries, starting with Astra 28.2°E for the UK and Ireland, in 1998. That became the home of Sky Digital, and the last Sky analogue channels left Astra 19.2°E in 2001.

Most Scandinavian broadcasters have migrated from Astra 19.2°E to 1°West and Astra 5°E, and SES has also opened orbital positions of  Astra 23.5°E and Astra 31.5°E to cope with the ever-increasing demands for digital capacity and the expanding markets of Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia that are now served by Astra satellites.

In November 2021, SES ordered two replacement satellites from Thales Alenia Space for launch to Astra 19.2°E in 2024 as Astra 1KR and Astra 1L reach the end of their planned life. Astra 1P will provide direct-to-home broadcast TV to Europe, in particular Germany, France and Spain. Astra 1Q is a reconfigurable software defined satellite with both wide beams for broadcast TV and high-throughput spot beams for video and data customers. Both new satellites should provide service well into the 2040s.

Channels

See also
 SES satellite operator
 Astra satellite family
 HD+
 Astra 28.2°E other SES orbital position
 Astra 23.5°E other SES orbital position
 Astra 5°E other SES orbital position
 Astra 31.5°E other SES orbital position
 Duo LNB

References

External links
 SES Astra website
official SES website
SES fleet information and map
 SES guide to channels broadcasting on Astra satellites
  HD+ website
 Videobitrates of 19.2°E channels - daily measured

Communications satellite orbital positions
SES S.A.


Fuck You, Aloha, I Love You is a collection of poems by Juliana Spahr. First published by Wesleyan University Press in 2001.

References

American poetry collections


50 Cent: The Money and the Power is an American reality television series which premiered November 6, 2008 on MTV. The show was hosted by 50 Cent and follows the same mold as The Apprentice. It was meant to serve as a "visual companion" to 50 Cent's book The 50th Law, which he co-wrote with Robert Greene, author of The 48 Laws of Power. The show was cancelled after one season.

Format
The show follows fourteen aspiring rap moguls through challenges issued by 50 Cent, with the winner receiving a $100,000 investment from 50 Cent to start his or her own business venture. A panel including G-Unit members Tony Yayo and Lloyd Banks will judge the contestants, along with guests such as Chris Lighty, Ryan Schinman, LL Cool J, DJ Whoo Kid, Miss Info, and former Danity Kane member Aubrey O'Day.

Contestants

Weekly results

Bosses and underbosses

Contestant progress

 The contestant won.
 The contestant was eliminated.
 The contestant was told that they were in risk, but ended up being safe from the chopping block.
 The contestant was in risk of being eliminated, and was on the losing team.
 The contestant was in risk of being eliminated, and was on the winning team.
 The contestant won the challenge, and was not in risk or eliminated.
 The contestant lost the challenge, but was not in risk or eliminated.
 The contestant left the game towards other reasons rather than being put in the chopping block.
 The contestant voluntarily left the competition.

In Episode 2, Nathan won the challenge, and was eliminated because 50 Cent said Nathan was in the game for the wrong reasons.

The Teams were changed in Episode 4 and Dajuan was named boss of Team Money, and Jennifer and Rebecca switched teams.

In Episode 4, Rebecca lost the challenge, and left the game because she felt she didn't need to be there.

In Episode 7, Musso was sent home for losing his temper.

Episodes

References

External links
50 Cent: The Money and the Power on MTV.com
 Website on Muchmusic.com

50 Cent
2008 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
2000s American reality television series
African-American reality television series
English-language television shows
MTV original programming
MTV reality television series


The British Hovercraft Corporation AP1-88 is a medium-size hovercraft. In a civil configuration, the hovercraft can seat a maximum of 101 passengers, while as a troop carrier, it can transport up to 90 troops. When operated as a military logistics vehicle, the AP1-88 can carry a pair of Land Rovers, a Bv202 tracked vehicle and trailer unit or up to roughly 10 tons (10,000 kg) of cargo.

The AP1-88 had several advantages over earlier hovercraft in terms of its increased fuel economy and reduced noise output, which is principally due to the decision to power the craft using several diesel engines instead of using gas turbine engines, the latter having been used on earlier craft.

From 1983 to 2018, AP1-88-100s were operated in Britain by Hovertravel on a route from Southsea in Hampshire to Ryde on the Isle of Wight. Outside of the United Kingdom, vehicles of the type have also been operated in a various of locations around the world, including Norway, Australia, China, and Taiwan. The AP1-88 has been constructed under licence in Australia and China.

Development
During the late 1950s and early 1960s, British inventor Sir Christopher Cockerell had developed a pioneering new form of transportation, embodied the form of the experimental SR.N1 vehicle, which became widely known as the hovercraft. British manufacturer Saunders-Roe, whom Cockerell had worked with in order to develop viable hovercraft, soon developed several commercially-viable vehicles, such as the SR.N4, a large cross-Channel ferry capable of seating up to 418 passengers along with 60 cars, and the SR.N6, the first commercially-active hovercraft, capable of seating a maximum of 58 passengers.

As a result of high oil prices following the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis, the profitability of the first generation of commercial hovercraft was badly hit, causing some operators to lose money and provoking requests from customers for more fuel efficient vehicles. Advances were quickly made in skirt technology to require less power to keep inflated, and extensions of the existing vehicles were also performed in order to increase payloads, however it was recognised that there were other means to drive down costs and thereby improve the hovercraft's commercial viability. These early vehicles had been powered by gas turbine engines, which were typically similar, or identical, to the turboshaft engines used on helicopters; however, by the 1970s, recent advances in diesel engines had made the prospects for applying an entirely different form of powerplant to a new generation of hovercraft increasingly attractive.

There were demands from hovercraft operators for vehicles that were not only larger, and therefore capable of transporting higher numbers of passengers, but would generate less noise while the craft was in operation. According to the British Hovercraft Corporation's (BHC) chief designer Ray Wheeler has stated that studies conducted on prior hovercraft designs had attributed much of the noise produced as having been caused by the high tip speed of the drive fans, which was often close to the speed of sound. In addition to the noise issue; both BHC and its clients had a recognised requirement for lower cost vehicles, specifying the successor to the SR.N6 should be capable of being constructed for only half the cost of the earlier vehicle, as well as possessing half of the operating costs as well.

In response to the according demands of customers, BHC formed a partnership with operator Hovertravel in order to develop the envisioned hovercraft, which would be a cheaper and quieter successor to the SR.N6; £237,000 of funding was provided by the British Technology Group to support the initiative, which was to be repaid during via a levy on sales on the new craft. The majority of that project's financing originated from BHC itself, which would ultimately spend around £1 million of its own funds on the new hovercraft by the end of development. Accordingly, during the late 1970s, development work at BHC commenced on the new hovercraft, led by Ray Wheeler.

Early on in development, it was decided that the new vehicle would be powered by heavier diesel engines instead of employing a gas turbine powerplant, as the former would generate substantially less noise while also possessing increased fuel efficiency, as well as being only 20 per cent of the cost to buy while also having far lower and simpler maintenance requirements. The new hovercraft would be the first BHC hovercraft to make use of separate engines to provide lift and generate forward motion. According to Wheeler, the designation AP1-88 for the craft had in fact came about due to a repeated insistence by Dick Stanton-Jones, BHC's managing director, for misstating the designation given to the design by the company's Advanced Project Office, which had been AP118. The first prototype of this new generation of hovercraft was completed in March 1983.

Alongside the construction of a pair of prototypes, BHC decided to complete an initial batch of five production AP1-88s prior to the receipt of any orders. According to BHC, trials of the craft went smoothly and only minor modifications were made to the production AP1-88s, such as shifting the engines and fuel tanks slightly forward to improve the vehicle's center of gravity and the adoption of firewalls to manage engine-related heat. Upon launch, the company had envisaged selling around 90-100 AP1-88s within the coming decade. Several derivatives of the vehicle and applications of its technology were also examined, including a prospective scaled-up version capable of carrying 200-250 passengers.

Design

The British Hovercraft Corporation AP1-88 was a medium-sized hovercraft, principally differing from preceding BHC designs by its use of an arrangement of four diesel engines instead of a gas turbine powerplant configuration. Upon its introduction, the science & technology magazine New Scientist hailed the AP1-88 as being "sufficiently different to generate cautious optimism that the hovercraft is at least coming of age. Compared to its predecessors, the AP1-88 is cheap to buy and operate, and it is much quieter". It featured a number of design improvements over previous hovercraft, such as the cockpit having been repositioned to a high-mounted position in order to provide superior all-round visibility to the pilot, and the elimination of rivets via the use of a welded hull instead.

Increases in the efficiency of the skirt had enabled the use of a heavier structure for the AP1-88, thus the design team decided to employ traditional marine construction methods throughout the design; the BHC summarised this approach as having "moved from building low-flying aircraft to making high-flying boats". Typically, on prior hovercraft, construction techniques and materials common to the aviation industry had been employed, which had resulted in vehicles that were expensive to produce, procure, and maintain. Accordingly, a high level of simplicity was deliberately present throughout the design of the AP1-88 in order to produce a vehicle with the required level of cost savings; aspects such as the design of the fan blades involved considerably less complexity than on the preceding generation of hovercraft.

In order to produce far less noise than earlier hovercraft, which was one of the more important factors of the AP1-88's design, it was decided to adopt larger fans that would move at slower sustained fan tip speeds; cylindrical ducts were also set around the propellers in order to lower the amount of sidewise movement in the air. The wooden propeller blades were identical and fixed, unlike the complex variable-pitch propellers of earlier hovercraft, and employed a simple belt-driven arrangement to transfer power instead of the complex transmissions used prior. Additional noise reduction measures were also employed on the design, such as the rear of the craft being aerodynamically shaped so as to minimise turbulence within the air prior to contact with the fan, while the use of separate engines in order to provide lift and forward movement also had benefits in this respect; earlier craft had to keep running their main engines at high speeds in order to keep the skirt inflated, making hovercraft terminals noisy.

The AP1-88 could carry a maximum of 101 passengers for an endurance of 2.2 hours; this could be extended to 5.25 hours by reducing the area available for passengers to a maximum capacity of 90. In addition to the full-cabin model, BHC designed several variations of the craft, including a half-cabin model for carrying up to 40 passengers plus cargo, which could include light vehicles; a full-cargo deck could also be adopted for military and industrial applications to carry payloads of up to 8 tonnes. BHC projected the AP1-88's operating costs to be around £120 per hour, assuming between 2,000-3,000 hours of use per year on a typical 19km route. According to author Ashley Hollebone, the vehicle could be readily adapted to perform various roles, including search and rescue, icebreaking, fire-fighting, passenger transport, and anti-submarine warfare.

Operational history

In March 1983, the first AP1-88, which had been named Tenacity by Cockerell, was completed. Three months later, the second vehicle, named Resolution, was also completed; it was promptly sold to the United States Navy. In 1985, a third AP1-88, Perseverance, was launched just prior to BHC's 20th anniversary.

British hovercraft operator Hovertravel procured a pair of AP1-88-100s for conducting scheduled passenger service. However, the company found that the vehicles lacked the power to operate in the presence of strong headwinds, alleging that the type would be unable traverse the intended route at winds in excess of 30 knots and that engine damage could be incurred. In response, the company decided to rebuild both of their AP1-88-100s; the modification involved slightly extending the vehicles' length by 3 feet and replacing all 4 Deutz AG engines with a pair of more powerful MTU engines. The engine change resulted in considerably more power being available, however this did not increase the craft's passenger capacity. Hovertravel retired the last of its AP1-88 fleet in 2018.

Two different versions of the AP1-88 have been operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. In the mid 1990s two AP1-88s, the AP1-88/200 and AP1-88/400, were ordered from GKN Westland Aerospace; the contract being awarded in 1996. These hovercraft were constructed by Hike Metal Products, located in Wheatley, Ontario. The two 400 series were completed in August and December 1998. Canadian vehicles include the , AP1-88/200, , AP1-88/400, and , AP1-88/400.

Specifications

Type 200
Designer / Manufacturer: Westland Aerospace
Crew 3
Dimensions
Length 24.5 metres
Width	11.2 metres
Height (on cushion) 6.6 metres
Full load displacement 47.6 tons
Propulsion
Motor: diesel engines
Power: 4 Deutz AG diesel engines 600 horsepower for lift and propulsion
Propellers: 2 three-bladed variable-pitch propellers
Performance
Speed	50 knots
Military Lift: 12 tons of equipment
Weapons
None

Type 400
Designer / Manufacturer: Westland Aerospace
Crew 4
Dimensions
Length 28.5 metres
Width	12 metres
Height (on cushion)12 metres
full load displacement 69 tons
Propulsion
Motor: diesel engines
Power: 4 Caterpillar Inc. 3412 TTA diesel engines 912 horsepower for lift and propulsion
Propellers: 2 three-bladed variable-pitch propellers
Performance
Speed	50 knots
Military Lift: 22.6 tons of equipment
Weapons
None

References

Citiations

Bibliography

 Hewish, Mark. "Quiet Craft Hovers Ahead of Competition." New Scientist, 3 February 1983. Vol. 97, No. 1343. ISSN 0262-4079. pp. 297-299.
 Hollebone, Ashley. "The Hovercraft Story." The History Press, 2012. .
 Hollebone, Ashley. "The Hovercraft: A History." The History Press, 2012. .
 Paine, Robin and Roger Syms. "On a Cushion of Air." Robin Paine, 2012. .
 Saunders, Stephen (RN). Jane's Fighting Ships 2003-2004. Jane's Information Group, 2003. .
 British Hovercraft Trust: AP1-88
 Bartie's Hovercraft: AP1-88

Hovercraft
Ships built in Ontario


Carychium exiguum, common name the obese thorn snail, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Carychiinae.

References

Ellobiidae


Tirúa () is a Chilean commune and town in Arauco Province, Biobío Region. The 2010 Chile earthquake led to a permanent uplift of Tirúa of about 180 cm above sea level, the highest recorded uplift related to the earthquake. This caused a large islet to form at the mouth of Tirúa River next to the town. The Misión Jesuita Mapuche is based in Tirúa.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Tirúa spans an area of  and has 9,664 inhabitants (5,028 men and 4,636 women). Of these, 2,508 (26%) lived in urban areas and 7,156 (74%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 10.6% (928 persons).

Administration
As a commune, Tirúa is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2017-2021 alcalde is Adolfo Millabur Ñancuil (Ind).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Tirúa is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Manuel Monsalve Benavides (Socialist Party of Chile) and Iván Norambuena Farías (Independent Democratic Union) as part of the 46th electoral district, together with Lota, Lebu, Arauco, Curanilahue, Los Álamos, Cañete and Contulmo. The commune is represented in the Senate by Felipe Harboe Bascuñán from PPD and Víctor Pérez Varela of UDI as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Coast).

References

External links

  Municipality of Tirúa

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Arauco Province
1865 establishments in Chile


The Whitehall farces were a series of five long-running comic stage plays at the Whitehall Theatre in London, presented by the actor-manager Brian Rix, in the 1950s and 1960s. They were in the low comedy tradition of British farce, following the Aldwych farces, which played at the Aldwych Theatre between 1924 and 1933.

History

The farces; critical reception
The five farces were as follows:

Rix built a company of regular players who appeared in some or all of these shows. They included Leo Franklyn, Larry Noble, Dennis Ramsden and Derek Royle, and members of Rix's family: his wife, Elspet Gray, his sister, Sheila Mercier and his brother-in-law, Peter Mercier. Others who appeared in one or more of the Whitehall farces include Terry Scott and Andrew Sachs. Rix starred in all five plays, in a range of roles: a "gormless recruit" to the army in Reluctant Heroes; a timidly crooked bookie's runner in Dry Rot; a street musician recruited as a secret agent in Simple Spymen; four identical brothers in One For the Pot; and a harassed civil servant in Chase Me, Comrade. From Dry Rot onwards, Rix and his authors developed a double act for the Rix characters and those played by Leo Franklyn, in which the two performers played off one another rather as Ralph Lynn and Tom Walls had done in the Aldwych farces of the previous generation.

Although the five plays constituting the Whitehall farces had long runs and the theatres usually had full houses, the majority of London critics were dismissive of them. Writing in the Financial Times in 1980, Michael Coveney commented: "A tradition of critical snobbery has grown up around these plays, partly because they were so blatantly popular but chiefly because of our conviction that farce, unless written by a Frenchman, is an inferior theatrical species. Once the National Theatre has done its duty by Priestley and Rattigan and others teetering on the brink of theatrical respectability I suggest they employ Mr. Rix … to investigate the ignored riches of English farce between Travers and Ayckbourn." Some London critics of the 1950s and 1960s did not disregard them, including Harold Hobson, Ronald Bryden, J. W. Lambert and Alan Dent.

Television broadcasts; later productions
In addition to the five long-running farces, Rix presented a series of more than eighty one-off televised comedies, some of them farces, for the BBC. The first was transmitted live from the Whitehall Theatre in January 1956. There were also film versions of Reluctant Heroes (1951), Dry Rot (1956), and Chase Me, Comrade, which was renamed Not Now, Comrade (1976).

In 1966, having been unable to secure the lease of the Whitehall Theatre, Rix took his company on tour in Chase Me, Comrade and Bang, Bang Beirut (later retitled Stand By Your Bedouin), by Cooney and Hilton. Later productions by the Rix company at the Garrick Theatre and elsewhere included Uproar in the House (1967), by Anthony Marriott and Alistair Foot; Let Sleeping Wives Lie (also 1967) by Harold Brooke and Kay Bannerman; She's Done It Again (1969), by Michael Pertwee; Don't Just Lie There, Say Something (Pertwee, 1971); and A Bit Between the Teeth (Pertwee, 1974). According to Leslie Smith in a study of modern British farce, although some of the Rix productions after Chase Me, Comrade achieved substantial success, none of them had the conspicuously long runs of the five Whitehall farces. In 1976, Rix returned to the Whitehall with Fringe Benefits (Donald Churchill and Cooney)  which ran until 1977 when he retired from the stage.

Notes

References

British comedy
Comedy genres
Comedy plays
Humour
Performing arts
Theatre
Literature


Ray Clarke (born 25 September 1952) is an English retired professional footballer who played in England for Tottenham Hotspur, Swindon Town, Mansfield Town, Brighton and Newcastle United, in the Netherlands for Sparta Rotterdam and Ajax Amsterdam, and in Belgium for Club Brugge.

Clarke was chief international scout for Scottish side Celtic. Clarke left the position in June 2009.

Clarke was appointed chief scout of Portsmouth in September 2009.

By September 2010, Clarke was working as a scout at Middlesbrough, renewing his ties with Gordon Strachan who was his boss during his time at Celtic.

On 7 September 2012, he was appointed Head Scout at Blackburn Rovers

Honors
AFC Ajax
Eredivisie: 1978-79
KNVB Cup: 1978-79

References

External links

 Club Brugge profile

1952 births
Living people
Footballers from Hackney Central
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Sparta Rotterdam players
AFC Ajax players
Club Brugge KV players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
English Football League players
Eredivisie players
Belgian Pro League players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
English expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
English expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Blackburn Rovers F.C. non-playing staff
Celtic F.C. non-playing staff
Middlesbrough F.C. non-playing staff


Buena Vista Railroad may refer to:
Buena Vista Railroad (Georgia), 1880–1885, predecessor of the Central of Georgia Railway
Buena Vista Railroad (New Jersey), 1889–1917, predecessor of the Central Railroad of New Jersey


Runhällen is a locality situated in Heby Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden with 217 inhabitants in 2010.

References

Populated places in Uppsala County
Populated places in Heby Municipality


The Chemung Canal Bank Building is located at 415 East Water Street in Elmira, Chemung County, New York, United States.  It is thought to be the oldest commercial building in Elmira.  The Chemung Canal opened in 1832 and construction on the bank building began the same year. In 1833 the bank moved into the new building and the Chemung Canal Trust Company was chartered to deposit cash and supply capitol and credit. The building continued to house the bank for seventy-six years.  For the following fifty-six years it was home to various local law offices.  From 1976 forward, it has been owned by the Chemung County Historical Society.  The building is significant for its period architecture and its place in the history of the area.  It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Uses
The Chemung Canal Bank Building was chartered in July 1833, and was open for business later that year, in October. It was owned and operated by the Chemung Canal Trust Company until 1920 when they moved to a new location. After the Chemung Canal Trust Company moved, the building came under the ownership of the Arnot Realty Company. The building was also home to various offices including the Sayles, Evans, Brayton, Palmer, and Tifft Law Firm. The building was purchased in the early 1980s and is currently run and owned by the Chemung County Historical Society. The first floor has become a general history museum (The Chemung Valley History Museum), the largest in the region. The second floor is occupied by the Booth library, a research facility/archive open to the public and the third floor is used for collections storage.

Appearance and features
The building was a combination of Greek revival and Traditional Federal styling. It was a brick structure with stepped gables, whereas most buildings of that time period were made of wood. The Bank building had a stone stoop with an ornamental wrought iron railing. The floor plan included a large central hall with one or two rooms on either side as well as a substantial staircase. The second floor was to be used as an apartment for the bank manager. The structure was built upon a stone basement, separate from the foundations of the vaults on the east and west sides. The west side vaults were used by the gas company offices on the west side of the building. In 1868 the bank was remodeled to include a third floor, to be used as rentable apartment space. In 1903 the building was renovated by the Pierce & Bickford architectural firm.  The modifications included the addition of two more vaults to store books and currency, mahogany counters, terrazzo flooring, extra restrooms, coupon booths, and a ventilation system that included an indirect heating system and a fan for the summer months. In 1993 the Bank Building was renovated and restored by the Chemung County Historical Society, although many of the original features are still present.

References

 Chemung County Historical Society
 Chemung County Historical Society, "Chemung Canal Bank Building", (pamphlet copyright CCHS 1989), Elmira NY.

External links
 Chemung Valley History Museum

Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Commercial buildings completed in 1833
Buildings and structures in Elmira, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Chemung County, New York