Evie Hudak (born 1951) is an American politician who served in the Colorado Senate from the 19th district as a member of the Democratic Party from 2009 to 2013. Prior to her tenure in the state senate she served on the Colorado State Board of Education from the 2nd congressional district from 2001 to 2009.

Hudak was born in New York City, and later worked at Westword. She unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the state house in the 1994 election, but lost to Republican nominee Mark Paschall. She was elected and reelected to the state board of education in 2000 and 2006. Hudak was elected to the state senate in the 2008 election and her reelection in the 2012 election was attributed to a spoiler candidate. She resigned in 2013 rather than face a recall election and was replaced by Rachel Zenzinger.

Early life and education

Evie Hudak was born in New York City in 1951. She married Edward Hudak, with whom she had one child. She has a bachelor of Arts degree in English and education. She worked as the listings editor for Westword.

Career

Early politics

Hudak ran for a seat in the Colorado House of Representatives from the 29th district with the Democratic nomination in the 1994 election, but lost to Republican nominee Mark Paschall and placed ahead of independent candidate Joanne Conte. She was elected to a seat on the Colorado State Board of Education from the 2nd congressional district with the Democratic nomination in the 2000 election against Republican nominee Ron J. Marquez. She was reelected without opposition in the 2006 election. Angelika Schroeder was selected to replace her on the Board of Election after Hudak was elected to the Colorado Senate in the 2008 election. Hudak supported Barack Obama during the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries.

Colorado Senate

Senator Sue Windels, a member of the state senate from the 19th district, was term-limited during the 2008 election. Hudak won the Democratic nomination without opposition and defeated Republican nominee Libby Szabo in the general election. She defeated Republican nominee Lang Sias and Libertarian nominee Lloyd A. Sweeny in the 2012 election. Sweeny was considered a spoiler candidate as Hudak won with a plurality of the vote.

In 2013, Senate President John Morse and Senator Angela Giron were defeated in recall elections organized by gun rights activists. A recall was being organized against Hudak due to her support of gun control legislation. She resigned on November 27, stating that she was doing it to protect the gun control legislation as if she had lost the recall election it would allow the Republicans to gain control of the state senate. She also stated that she resigned in order for $200,000 to not be spent on a recall election. Representative Tracy Kraft-Tharp initially ran to be appointed to replace Hudak, but dropped out and endorsed former Representative Sara Gagliardi. Rachel Zenzinger was selected by the vacancy committee on December 10 to replace Hudak.

Later life

Hudak served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention for Hillary Clinton from the 7th congressional district during the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries. She endorsed Andrew Romanoff for the Democratic nomination during the 2020 United States Senate election.

Political positions

Hudak sponsored legislation to prohibit leg shackles and waist restraints on women in prison during childbirth. She and Senator Linda Newell sponsored legislation to end zero tolerance policies in schools and make mandatory expulsion only available when a student brought a gun to school. In 2009, the state senate voted seventeen to eighteen, with Hudak in favor, against repealing capital punishment.

Electoral history

References

Living people
Democratic Party Colorado state senators
Women state legislators in Colorado
American gun control activists
1951 births
School board members in Colorado
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians


Jonah Koslen is an American singer-songwriter and musician best known for his work with the Michael Stanley Band and Breathless in the 1970s and 1980s.

Biography
After graduating from Beachwood High School, Koslen joined the Cleveland, Ohio-based band, Snake Eyes, with former Eli Radish Band bassist Danny Sheridan. In 1974, he joined with Michael Stanley, Daniel Pecchio, formerly of Glass Harp, and Tommy Dobeck to form The Michael Stanley Band. During his tenure with the band, they released three albums for Epic Records and became popular in Northeast Ohio. Sharing songwriting duties with Stanley, Koslen contributed two of the group's classic songs: "Strike Up the Band" and "Nothing's Gonna Change My Mind".

Koslen left the Michael Stanley Band in 1977 and formed the band Breathless the following year. Breathless consisted of Koslen, bassist Bob Benjamin, drummer Kevin Valentine, percussionist Rodney Psyka, guitarist Alan Greene and keyboardist Mark Avsec, formerly with Wild Cherry. Signed to EMI America Records, the group released their debut album Breathless, produced by Don Gehman, in July 1979. Following the album's release, Breathless toured as an opening act, including a dozen shows opening for Kiss.  The single, "Takin' It Back", scratched the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 92, but the album did not chart. With support from Cleveland radio station WMMS, Breathless became a popular act locally, headlining Blossom Music Center in June 1980. The band released its second album, Nobody Leaves This Song Alive in October 1980. Again, the album received airplay in Northeast Ohio but failed to catch on nationally. Breathless disbanded in 1981, with Avsec and Valentine joining Donnie Iris' band "The Cruisers".

Koslen formed another band, Jonah Koslen and the Heroes, that released the album Aces, in 1983, and also the albums Orange and Agora Live, but they soon broke up. After that Koslen moved to California and worked on various music projects. He briefly reunited with Michael Stanley in 1993 for the album The Ghost Poets.

Discography

Albums
 Michael Stanley Band
1975: You Break It...You Bought It!
1976: Ladies' Choice
1977: Stagepass
1992: Right Back at Ya (1971–1983)
1997: Misery Loves Company: More of the Best 1975–1983

 Solo
1978: Back Tracks
2008: Telling on Myself

 Breathless
1979: Breathless
1980: Nobody Leaves This Song Alive
1993: Picture This...The Best of Breathless

 Jonah Koslen and the Heroes
1983: Aces
1984: Orange
 Agora Live

 The Ghost Poets
1993: The Ghost Poets

References

Other sources
Adams, Deanna. Rock 'n' Roll and the Cleveland Connection (2002): pp. 261–268, pp. 416–418

1952 births
Living people
Musicians from Cleveland
American male singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Ohio


Colonel Lionel Dorling  (7 August 1860 – 11 July 1925) was a British Army officer.

Early years
Dorling was born on 7 August 1860 the son of Henry and Elizabeth Dorling of Epsom. He was educated at Charterhouse School between 1873 and 1878, and commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 105th Foot on 13 August 1879.

Military career

Dorling was commissioned a lieutenant in the 5th (Militia) battalion of the Yorkshire Regiment on 15 November 1879, and transferred to the King′s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry when he received a commission in the regular army. He served as Adjutant of the militia battalion from 30 May 1882 to 20 November 1887, during which he was promoted to captain in his actual regiment on 25 August 1884.

In 1893 he was seconded from the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry for service in the Army Pay Department.

War Service

Dorling served in South Africa throughout the Second Boer War from 1899 to 1902. He was Field Paymaster to the Natal Field Force, which took part in the effort to Relieve Ladysmith, and he was thus present at the battles of Colenso (December 1899) and the Tugela Heights (February 1900). Promoted to major on 27 March 1900, he stayed in South Africa until after the war ended in June 1902, leaving for England on the SS Dunvegan Castle in October that year. For his service he was Mentioned in Despatches (London Gazette 29/07/1902), received the Queen’s Medal with 5 clasps and the King’s Medal with 2 clasps, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in the October 1902 South Africa Honours list (the award was dated 22 August 1902).

He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 3 July 1906.

From 1 May 1905, he was employed with the Army Accounts Department.

Accountant  01/05/1905
Staff Paymaster  03/07/1901 to 1/01/1911
Accountant Army Pay Dept. 01/05/1905 to 31/12/1909
Chief Paymaster, Army Pay Dept.  12/01/1911
Command Paymaster
London District  01/03/1911  to 20/04/1912
Malta  29/04/1912 to 03/08/1912
South Africa  30/09/1912  to 1914
Eastern Command  17/12/1916

Family
In December 1888 Dorling married Constance Price, daughter of William Henry and Ada Price in Karachi. They had one son Lionel Henry Godfrey Dorling, born in Lichfield, Staffordshire in September 1889.

Dorling died on 11 July 1925 at Littlehampton, Sussex.

Honours and awards
 31 October 1902 - Companion of the Distinguished Service Order Major Lionel Dorling, Army Pay Department. In recognition of services during the operations in South Africa.
 3 June 1916 - Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) Col, Lionel Dorling, D.S.O., for services rendered in connection with military operations in the field
 1 January 1919 - Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) Col. Lionel Dorling, C.B., D.S.O., A.P. Dept. for services rendered in connection with the War.

References

External links
Dorling on angloboerwar.com

1860 births
1925 deaths
People educated at Charterhouse School
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Order of the Bath
King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry officers
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Pay Corps officers


Mary Hodge (born December 17, 1946) is a former state senator in the U.S. state of Colorado. Elected to the Colorado State Senate as a Democrat in 2008, Hodge represented Senate District 25, which encompasses eastern Adams County, Colorado. Term limited, she could not seek re-election in 2016. Prior to being elected to the state senate, Hodge served in the Colorado House of Representatives for eight years.

Biography
Senator Mary Hodge (Brighton) has a hands-on knowledge of education and small business issues. Her experience in these fields taught her the importance of patience, hard work, dedication, cooperation, and compromise. These traits served her well during her eight years as House District 30's State Representative and as a State Senator. Senator Hodge has experience with agriculture, water, education and business. She and her husband, Richard, own and operate a small business. Senator Hodge currently serves as Chair of the Agriculture, Livestock, and Natural Resources, and serves on the Appropriations Committee, Local Government and Energy Committee and the Interim Water Resources Committee.

Legislative career

2008 election

Hodge faced Republican John Hadfield in the November 2008 general election. Hodge's candidacy was endorsed by the Denver Post and the Aurora Sentinel.

References

Democratic Party members of the Colorado House of Representatives
Democratic Party Colorado state senators
Women state legislators in Colorado
Living people
1946 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
People from St. Francis, Kansas


WPHA-CD, UHF (UHF digital channel 24), is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Its transmitter is located in the Roxborough, Philadelphia antenna farm. The station is owned by D.T.V. LLC of Cheyenne, Wyoming.

Digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Although WPHA mostly airs infomercials, they are required to meet E/I programming rules as Class A station. They air a 2-hour block of children's programming on Tuesday and Friday mornings, currently featuring Zebby's Zoo and Do You Ever Wonder?.

Aside from E/I programming, WPHA airs a weekly talk series Love to Talk, featuring topics that are important to the community. The show airs on Friday mornings.

References

PHA-CD
PHA-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Pennsylvania


Burmese/Myanmar hip hop is one of the most successful music genres in Myanmar today, and perhaps the most popular form of music among the urban youth of Yangon and Mandalay.

First generation
Until 2000, rock and roll was the dominant music genre in Myanmar. The Burmese hip hop scene started in the late 1980s with the rapper Myo Kyawt Myaing although songs were plain rapping music rather than typical hip hop. In late 1990s, a Yangon-based four-member crew named Acid started introducing old school hip hop in night clubs of Yangon, and became popular among Yangon's youth. Acid, widely considered to be the pioneers of Burmese hip-hop, made their debut in 2000 with Sa-Tin-Gyin (Beginning).

Their success attracted other hip-hop artists and groups, now known as the "first generation" of Burmese hip-hop, like Theory (Barbu and Thxa Soe), NS (Kyaw Thu Soe and Lin Lin) and Too Big. Most of the first generation artists used old school hip-hop. Still, hip hop was new to the Burmese and apart from Acid and Theory, not widely accepted yet by the public at large (or censors).

Second generation
After Acid's breakthrough, a group named "9mm" moved the style of Burmese hip hop to a new level. Although the group's underground music was well known to the youth, most of their songs did not pass the Burmese censor board, and the group never released an own album under 9mm. Later, because of the group's alleged political activism, even the name 9mm was banned by the censor board.

Other notable groups were  Project-1,Byauk-Oh (Firecracker), Examplz,G -Family, On-track,L.E.E, and Cyclone. M.H.A. (Myanmar HipHop Association) was formed unofficially. Many youths joined M.H.A. and inspired to becoming hip hop artists someday. J-Me, Bigg-Y, G-Tone, Kyak Pha, YaTha, Thuta aye and others Rappers In Myanmar.

Third generation
Since late 2006, new artists like Jouk Jack, Kyaw Htut Swe claimed themselves as "Third generation". They formed a group called VIP (Rock$tar) with Ah Boy, Htein Win
P Crew and Hlwan Paing.In late 2008 and early 2009, many other third generation groups released their sample albums.

Politics
Some rappers have been detained or called for question by the government, especially by the military regime. Zayar Thaw served 6 years prison term until 17 May 2011 because he is the member of Generation Wave (youth anti-gov group). His group-mate (not a member of GW, though many thought he was) Yan Yan Chan was arrested and released from a temporary detained. The name 9mm is banned from use in public because they distributed sample CDs of underground group MFG in one of their performance.
G-Tone from Cyclone called to question during performing in concert.

References

Burmese music
Asian hip hop
Hip hop by country


Jungle Bass is an EP by American funk band Bootsy's Rubber Band. The disc was released in 1990 by 4th & Broadway Records. Jungle Bass reunites most of the original members of Bootsy's Rubber Band, whose last album was released in 1979. The album represents one of the earliest collaborations between Bootsy and producer Bill Laswell.

Track listing

"Jungle Bass" (Jungle One/Long Form) (W Collins, Bill Laswell, Bernie Worrell, Joel Johnson)  13:10
"Disciples of Funk (The Return of the Funkateers)" (W Collins, Fred Wesley, Maceo Parker, Richard Griffith, Rick Gardner)  4:41
"Jungle Bass" (House of Bass Mix) (W Collins, B Laswell, B Worrell, J Johnson) 9:03
"Interzone" (Silent Hush-Hush Mix/Cyberfunk) (W Collins, B Laswell, B Worrell, J Johnson) 3:17

Personnel

Trombone: Fred Wesley
Alto Saxophone: Maceo Parker
Trumpet: Richard Griffith, Rick Gardner
Synthesizer: Bernie Worrell, Joel "Razor Sharp" Johnson, Jeff Bova
Front Ground Vocals: Gary Cooper
Bass, Samples & Free Jazz: Bill Laswell
Space Bass, Guitar, Drums, Black Noise, Unsamples & Vocals: Bootsy Collins
Robot Vocals: Boot-Tron

References

1990 EPs
Bootsy Collins albums
Albums produced by Bill Laswell


Tholakele "Tholie" Madala (13 July 1937 – 25 August 2010) was a judge in the Constitutional Court of South Africa. He was appointed to the bench in 1994 by Nelson Mandela. He retired in 2008.

References

1937 births
2010 deaths
South African judges
Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa


The village of Mohan Majra is situated in District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India. It is about 2 km away from Sanghol .

Fatehgarh Sahib
Villages in Fatehgarh Sahib district


The South Coast of Texas is the fourth studio album by Texas singer-songwriter Guy Clark, released in 1981.

Guests include Ricky Skaggs, Rosanne Cash and Vince Gill as well as numerous well-known session players. Skaggs would later have a hit with "Heartbroke", and Rodney Crowell, who produced the album, with "She's Crazy for Leavin'".

Reception

Allmusic stated in its review: "South Coast of Texas was a transition album toward the mature Clark style, one that was first to emerge on his next album, Better Days. It's not a landmark in his catalog, but neither is it anything that could remotely be considered a failure."

Track listing
All songs written by Guy Clark except as noted.
 "Who Do You Think You Are" – 3:26
 "Crystelle" – 3:05
 "New Cut Road" – 3:45
 "Rita Ballou" – 3:14
 "South Coast of Texas" – 3:48
 "Heartbroke" – 2:58
 "The Partner Nobody Chose" (Guy Clark, Rodney Crowell) – 3:08
 "She's Crazy for Leavin'" (Clark, Crowell) – 2:52
 "Calf-Rope" – 2:35
 "Lone Star Hotel" – 3:24

Personnel
Guy Clark – vocals, guitar
Richard Bennett – guitar, concertina, triangle, lap steel guitar
Rodney Crowell – guitar, background vocals
Hank DeVito – guitar, pedal steel guitar
Emory Gordy – guitar, bass, mandolin, piano
Glen D. Hardin – keyboards
Larrie Londin – drums, percussion
Frank Reckard – guitar
Ricky Skaggs – background vocals
Rosanne Cash – background vocals
Vince Gill – background vocals

Production notes
Rodney Crowell – producer
Donivan Cowart – engineer
Paul Brookside – liner notes

Chart positions

References

1981 albums
Guy Clark albums
Warner Records albums
Albums produced by Rodney Crowell


Linda Newell is a former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. Elected to the Colorado State Senate as a Democrat in 2008, Newell represented Senate District 26, which encompasses southern suburbs of Denver, including Littleton, Colorado. She did not seek re-election in 2016, and her term ended in January, 2017.

Biography

Born in Oregon, Newell earned a bachelor's degree from the University of California at Irvine. She holds a certification as a Senior Professional in Human Resources is a Registered Organization Development Professional, and has worked as a business consultant in the fields of human resources, corporate education and workforce development. Most recently, she served as Senior Director of Learning and Development at StarTek. She is now a contract senior consultant with EPI, a human performance consulting firm.

Newell has also served on the Denver Metro Regional Workforce Development Council and the Governor's Taskforce on Workforce Development and has been a member of the National Business Executives, the Women's Professional Network, the American Society of Training and Development, the Society for Human Resource Management, and The Organizational Development Institute.

Newell has also volunteered with a number of non-profit organizations, including the American Red Cross, the Special Olympics, the March of Dimes, Season for Non-Violence, Stalking Rescue, AXIS Intervention and Training Institute, and The Conflict Center, in addition to having served as an Education Foundation Chairperson for a chapter of the American Association of University Women and the Performing Arts Chair for the Lakewood Arts Council.

Newell is also a single mother of two daughters, Kate and Brittany, and currently resides in Littleton, Colorado. As a single mother, Newell struggled in the past to pay down personal debt stemming from the Savings and Loan Crisis and to provide health insurance coverage for her family. Since being elected Newell has maintained an active role in her daughters' educations: Brittany is studying music performance at Arapahoe Community College and Kate is working towards her undergraduate degree in Diversity/Divinity at Regis University with plans to be an interfaith minister.

Legislative career

2008 election

The retirement of Sen. Steve Ward, upon his campaign for Congress, left an open seat in the historically Republican district. Newell began her campaign in July 2008, and had no opposition in the August Democratic primary. Newell focused on grassroots campaigning, with supporters knocking on over 30,000 doors and making over 10,000 phone calls to prospective voters, focusing on the city of Centennial. During her campaign, Newell focused on economic and education issues and called for increased resources for victims of domestic violence.

She faced Republican Rep. Lauri Clapp in the November 2008 general election. Clapp, who had been term-limited out of the state house in 2006, was criticized by Newell for missing multiple candidate forums; in mid-October, Newell called for her opponent to make a public appearance. Clapp's candidacy was endorsed by the Denver Post, but as of mid-October, Newell had also out-raised her opponent, taking in $33,000 to Clapp's $30,000.

Newell's race was the closest of Colorado's legislative races. Two days after the election, Newell led Clapp by 69 votes out of 59,000 cast.

With the race undecided as provisional ballots were counted, Newell attended member orientation at the state capitol, and both candidates caucused with their respective parties before the race was settled. A final count, completed two weeks after the election, gave Newell a margin of 195 votes, a margin of victory large enough to avoid an automatic recount.
Newell's victory increased the Democrats' Senate majority by one seat over the previous legislative session. Looking towards representing a "swing" district, Newell began her Senate term by scheduling town hall meetings and a "listening tour" within her district.

2009 legislative session

For the 2009 session of the Colorado General Assembly, Newell was named to seats on the Senate Health and Human Services Committee, the Senate Judiciary Committee, and the Senate Local Government and Energy Committee. She was also appointed to the Colorado Workforce Development Council.

During the 2009 session, Newell sponsored legislation recommended by the Child Welfare Action Group to require that social services case workers be trained in child welfare.

References

External links
 Campaign website

Colorado state senators
University of California, Irvine alumni
Living people
1957 births
Women state legislators in Colorado
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians


The Auctioneers Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 15) was an Act to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed during the reign of Queen Victoria on 8 August 1845, with the long title "An Act to impose a new duty on the licence to be taken out by all auctioneers in the United Kingdom".

The initial Act instituted a tax on licenses for auctioneers to raise capital. This was repealed, however, by the Finance Act 1949.

Only one section of the Act remains in British law - Section 7, which states that auctioneers must place a board with their full name and residence that is "publicly visible and legible" in the room where the auction takes place before, during and after the auction. This was to allow people to make formal complaints against auctioneers in cases of fraud or other offenses. This section was expanded by the Auctions (Bidding Agreements) Act 1927, to impose a penalty of 20 pounds sterling upon any auctioneer who failed to follow the Act.

References

External links

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1845
Legal history of the United Kingdom
Auction case law


Yvonne Mokgoro GOB (born 19 October 1950) is a former justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.

Career
Mokgoro was appointed to the bench in 1994 by Nelson Mandela. Mokgoro is a board member of the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria and is the current Chairperson of the South African Law Reform Commission.

She was educated at North-West University from which she graduated with a B.luris degree in 1982, an LLB degree two years later, and an LLM in 1987. She also studied at the University of Pennsylvania Law School in the US, where she was awarded another LLM degree.

In December 2021, Mokgoro was appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council as a chairperson of Racial Justice Body, a new mechanism to examine systemic racism and the excessive use of force against Africans and people of African descent by law enforcement worldwide. She will be one of three members along with Juan E. Méndez of Argentina and Tracie L. Keesee of the United States.

Other activities
 Open Society Justice Initiative, Member of the Board

Recognition
Among the numerous awards she was given are the Human Rights Award by the Black Lawyers Association, (1995) the Oude Molen Reserve Order of Merit (1995/1996), the Legal Profession's Woman Achiever Award by the Centre for Human Rights, the University of Pretoria (2001), University of the North School of Law Excellence Award (2003), the Kate Stoneman Democracy Award (2003), the Tshwane Outstanding Service Award (TOSA) in 2006 and the James Wilson Award by the University of Pennsylvania Law School (2008).

Personal life
Yvonne Mokgoro is married to Job Mokgoro, a politician and academic.

References

1950 births
Living people
South African women judges
Academic staff of the University of Pretoria
Academic staff of the University of the Western Cape
Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
Constitutional court women judges
South African women in politics
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Baobab


The following is a comprehensive list of awards received by Enrique Iglesias, a Spanish pop singer, songwriter, and actor widely regarded as " The King Of Latin Pop " . To date Iglesias has sold over 180 million records, making him one of the best selling Latin recording artists of all time. Iglesias has received 190 awards from 526 nominations and was crowned as Billboard's " Top Latin Artist Of All Time " for his many achievements, popularity, and contributions to the Latin Music charts .

ACE Awards

|-
|1996
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Vocalist of the Year
| rowspan=2
|-
|1997
|Performer of the Year
|-
|}

ALMA Awards

|-
|1999
|American Music Awards
|Outstanding Performance by an Individual in a Music series
|
|-
|2000
|"Bailamos"
|Outstanding Music Video Performer
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2002
|Escape
|Album of the Year
|rowspan=5
|-
|"Hero"
|People's Choice : Best Music Video
|-
|rowspan=3|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Male Artist in Music
|-
|2009
|Best of the Year in Music
|-
|2011
|Best Male Artist in Music
|}

American Music Awards

!
|-
|
|rowspan=14|Enrique Iglesias
|rowspan=6|Favorite Latin Artist
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|rowspan=3
|-
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2003
|-
|Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist
|rowspan=2
|-
|Fans Choice Award
|-
|
|rowspan=6|Favorite Latin Artist
|
|-
|
|rowspan=2
|-
|
|-
|
|rowspan=3
|-
|
|-
|
|}

Latin American Music Awards
The Latin American Music Awards (Latin AMAS) is an annual award presented by American television network Telemundo. It is the Spanish-language counterpart of the American Music Awards produced by the Dick Clark Productions.

Billboard Music Video Awards

Blockbuster Entertainment Awards

|-
|rowspan=2|2000
|Enrique Iglesias
|Favorite Latino Artist
|
|-
|"Bailamos"
|Favorite Song From A Movie  from (Wild Wild West)
|rowspan=2
|-
|2001
|Enrique Iglesias
|Favorite Pop Artist – Male
|}

BMI Awards
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) is one of three United States performing rights organizations, along with ASCAP and SESAC. It collects license fees on behalf of songwriters, composers, and music publishers and distributes them as royalties to those members whose works have been performed.

BMI Latin Awards

CCTV-MTV Music Honors

|-
|2000
|Enrique Iglesias
|International Male Artist of the Year
|
|}

Canadian Fannie Awards

|-
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Enrique Iglesias
|Favorite Male Artist
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Hero"
|Favorite Video
|-
|}

Comet Awards

|-
|Enrique Iglesias
|"Hero"
|Best Male Video
|
|}

ECHO Awards

|-
|2001
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|rowspan=2|Best International Male Artist
|rowspan=2
|-
|2003
|}

Ev.gerard Video Music Awards

|-
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|"Dirty Dancer" (ft. Usher & Lil Wayne)
|Best Male Video
|
|-
|"Tonight (I'm Lovin' You)" (ft. Ludacris & DJ Frank E)
|Best Latin Video
|
|}

The Record of the Year Award

|-
|2002
|"Hero"
|Record of the Year
|
|-
|}

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences in the United States.

Ivor Novello Awards

|-
|2003
|"Hero"
|Best Selling UK Single
|
|-
|}

Much Music Video Awards

|-
|2000
|"Be With You"
|People's Choice: Favourite International Video
|
|}

Premio Lo Nuestro

|-
|rowspan=5|1996
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Best New Artist
|
|-
|Pop Male Artist
|
|-
|"Si Tú Te Vas"
|Pop Song of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Album of the Year
|-
|"Experiencia Religiosa"
|Video of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan=4|1997
|Vivir
|Pop Album of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Experiencia Religiosa"
|Pop Song of the Year
|-
|"Por Amarte"
|Pop Song of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Male Artist
|
|-
|1998
|Pop Male Artist
|rowspan=3
|-
|rowspan=3|1999
|Cosas del Amor
|Pop Album of the Year
|-
|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Male Artist
|-
|"Esperanza"
|Video of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2000
|Bailamos
|Pop Album of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Bailamos"
|Pop Song of the Year
|-
|2002
|"Hero"
|Video of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan=4|2003
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|rowspan=7
|-
|People's Internet Award
|-
|Quizás
|Album of the Year
|-
|"Mentiroso"
|Video of the Year
|-
|rowspan=3|2008
|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|-
|rowspan=2|Dimelo?"
|Pop Song of the Year
|-
|Video of The Year
|-
|rowspan=3|2009
|"95/08 Éxitos"
|Pop Album of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|¿Dónde Están Corazón?
|Pop Song of the Year
|-
|rowspan=3|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|2010
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|-
|rowspan=5|2011
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|
|-
|Euphoria
|Pop Album of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Gracias a Ti"  (with Wisin & Yandel)
|Collaboration of the Year
|-
|rowspan=2|"Cuando Me Enamoro"  (ft. Juan Luis Guerra)
|Collaboration of the Year
|
|-
|Pop Song of the Year
|
|-
|2012
|rowspan=3|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan=10|2015
|Artist of the Year
|
|-
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|rowspan=4
|-
|rowspan=2|"Loco" (ft. Romeo Santos)
|Tropical Song of the Year
|-
|Tropical Collaboration of the Year
|-
|rowspan=3|"Bailando"  (ft. Descemer Bueno and Gente de Zona)
|Pop Song of the Year
|-
|Pop Collaboration of the Year
|
|-
|Video of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Sex & Love"
|Pop Album of the Year
|-
|rowspan=2|"El Perdedor"  (ft. Marco Antonio Solís)
|Pop Song of the Year
|rowspan=3
|-
|Pop Collaboration of the Year
|-
|rowspan=4|2016
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Artist of the Year
|-
|Pop Male Artist of the Year
|rowspan=3
|-
|rowspan=2|"El Perdón"(with Nicky Jam]
|Collaboration of the Year
|-
|Urban Song of the Year
|-
|rowspan=5|2019
|rowspan=3|"El Baño (Remix)" (with Bad Bunny and Natti Natasha)
|Remix of the Year
|rowspan=3
|-
|Urban Song of the Year
|-
|Urban Collaboration of the Year
|-
|"Por Amarte"
|Replay Song of the Year
|
|-
|"Nos Fuimos Lejos" (with Descemer Bueno and El Micha)
|Pop/Rock Collaboration of the Year
|
|}

Premios Eres

|-
|rowspan=3|1996
|rowspan=2|"Si Tú Te Vas"
|Best Song
|rowspan=3
|-
|Best Video
|-
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Launch
|}

Premios Juventud

|-
|rowspan=4|2004
|Cosas del Amor
|CD To Die For
|rowspan=5
|-
|rowspan=8|Enrique Iglesias
|He's Got Style
|-
|He's So Hot!
|-
|All Over the Dial
|-
|rowspan=4|2008
|Red Hot Artist
|-
|My Favorite Concert  with Aventura
|
|-
|Favorite Pop Star
|rowspan=6
|-
|What a Hottie!
|-
|rowspan=3|2009
|Favorite Pop Artist
|-
|"Lloro Por Ti" (ft. Wisin & Yandel)
|The Perfect Combo
|-
|"¿Dónde Están Corazón?"
|Best Ballad
|-
|rowspan=6|2011
|Enrique Iglesias
|My Pop Artist
|-
|"Cuando Me Enamoro" (ft. Juan Luis Guerra)
|rowspan=3|The Perfect Combo
|
|-
|"I Like It" (ft. Pitbull)
|rowspan=4
|-
|"No Me Digas Que No" (ft. Wisin & Yandel)
|-
|rowspan=3|Euphoria
|Just Play It All
|-
|The Super Tour
|-
|rowspan=3|2012
|The Super Tour
|
|-
|"Cuando Me Enamoro]" (ft. Juan Luis Guerra)
|Best Novela Theme
|rowspan=2
|-
|rowspan=3|Enrique Iglesias
|My Pop Artist
|-
|rowspan=7|2014
|Special Award:  Supernova
|rowspan=5
|-
|Favourite Hispanic Pop/Rock Artist
|-
|rowspan=3|"El Perdedor"  (ft.Marco Antonio Solís)
|Best Theme Novelero
|-
|Best Ballad
|-
|The Perfect Combo
|-
|"Loco"  (ft. Romeo Santos)
|The Perfect Combo
|
|-
|rowspan=5|"Bailando" (ft. Gente de Zona & Descemer Bueno)
|My Favourite Lyrics
|rowspan=5
|-
|rowspan=9|2015
|My Favourite Catchiest Song
|-
|My Favourite Music Video
|-
|My Favourite Ringtone
|-
|The Perfect Combo
|-
|rowspan=2|"El Perdón" (with Nicky Jam)
|The Perfect Combo
|rowspan=3
|-
|My Favourite Catchiest Tune
|-
|"Sex + Love"
|Your Favourite CD
|-
|Sex & Love Tour
|The Super Tour
|rowspan=2
|-
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|My Pop Artist
|-
| 2016
| Mi Tuitero Favorito
|
|-
|}

Premios Tu Mundo

|-
|rowspan=2|2014
|"Bailando"
|Start – Party Song
|rowspan=4
|-
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Favourite Pop Artist
|-
|rowspan=2|2015
|Favourite Pop Artist
|-
|"El Perdón"  (ft. Nicky Jam)
|rowspan=2|Start – Party Song
|-
|2016
|"Duele el Corazón"  (ft. Wisin)
|
|}

National Music Awards

|-
|2002
|Escape
|Favorite Album
|
|}

Juno Awards

|-
|2001
|Enrique
|rowspan=2|International Album of the Year
|rowspan=2
|-
|2003
|Escape
|}

Meteor Music Awards

|-
|2002
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Male Artist
|
|}

MTV Awards

MTV Asia Awards (Asia)

|-
|2003
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|rowspan=2|Favorite International Male Artist
|rowspan=2
|-
|2005
|-
|}

MTV Europe Music Awards

|-
|2000
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Spanish Act
|rowspan=5
|-
|rowspan=4|2002
|"Hero"
|Best Song
|-
|rowspan=10|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Male
|-
|Best Pop
|-
|Best Spanish Act
|-
|rowspan=3|2010
|Best Spanish Act
|
|-
|Best Male Artist
|rowspan=3
|-
|Best European Act
|-
|2011
|rowspan=2|Best World Stage Performance
|-
|rowspan=3|2014
|
|-
|Best Southern European Act
|
|-
|Best Spanish Act
|
|}

MTV India Awards

|-
|2004
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Male Pop Act International
|
|}

Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica

|-
|rowspan=3|2002
|"Héroe"
| Video of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan=3|Enrique Iglesias
| Best Male Artist
|rowspan=4
|-
| Best Pop Artist
|-
|rowspan=2|2007
|MTV Tr3́s Viewer's Choice – Best Pop Artist
|-
|"Dímelo"
| Song of the Year
|}

MTV Video Music Awards

|-
|rowspan=5|2002
|rowspan=2|"Hero"
|Best Male Video
|rowspan=7
|-
|Viewer's Choice
|-
|rowspan=2|"Héroe"
|International Viewer's Choice – MTV Latin America (North)
|-
|International Viewer's Choice – MTV Latin America (Pacific)
|-
|"Escapar"
|International Viewer's Choice – MTV Latin America (Atlantic)
|-
|2010
|"I Like It" (Jersey Shore version)  (ft. Pitbull)
|Best Dance Music Video
|-
|2011
|"Tonight (I'm Lovin' You)"  (ft. Ludacris & DJ Frank E)
|Best Latino Artist
|}

Music Television Awards

People's Choice Awards

|-
|2011
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|rowspan=2|Favorite Male Artist
| rowspan=2
|-
|2012
|-
|}

Pollstar Awards

Premio Orgullasamente

|-
|rowspan=3|2009
|Enrique Iglesias
|Latin Artist of the Year
|rowspan=3
|-
|rowspan=2|"Lloro Por Ti" (ft. Wisin & Yandel)
|Latin Song of the Year
|-
|Latin Video of the Year
|-
|rowspan=3|2010
|Enrique Iglesias
|Latin Artist of the Year
|
|-
|rowspan=2|"Cuando Me Enamoro"  (ft. Juan Luis Guerra)
|Latin Song of the Year
|
|-
|Latin Video of the Year
|
|}

Premios 40 Principales

Premios 40 Principales España

|-
|2010
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Spanish Solo Act
|rowspan=3
|-
|rowspan=5|2011

|rowspan=3|"Tonight (I'm Lovin' You)" (ft. Ludacris and DJ Frank E)
|Best Spanish Dance-Pop Project
|-
|Best Song
|-
|Best Spanish video
|
|-
|rowspan=3|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Spanish Act
|
|-
|Most Influential Spanish Artist (Special award)
|
|-
|rowspan=4|2014
|Best Spanish Act
|rowspan=2
|-
|rowspan=2|"Bailando" (ft. Descemer Bueno & Gente de Zona)
|Best Spanish Song
|-
|Best Spanish Video
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Sex + Love"
|Best Spanish Album
|-
|2015
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Spanish Act
|rowspan=5
|-
|rowspan=4|2016
|Artist of the Year
|-
|rowspan=3|"Duele el Corazón"  (ft. Wisin)
|Song of the Year
|-
|Video of the Year
|-
|Global Show Award
|}

Premios 40 Principales América

|-
|rowspan=3|2014
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best Spanish Language Act
|
|-
|"Sex + Love"
|Best Spanish Language Album
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Bailando"
|Best Spanish Language Song
|}

Neox Fan Awards

|-
|2014
|"Bailando"
|Best song of the year
|
|}

Urban Music Award

|-
|2009
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best International Latino Act
|
|}

Ritmo Latino Music Awards

|-
| rowspan=3|1999
| "Cosas del Amor (Enrique Iglesias album)|Cosas del Amor"
| Album of the Year
|
|-
| "Esperanza"
| Song of the Year
|
|-
| rowspan=2|"Enrique Iglesias"
| Best Male Artist
|rowspan=4
|-
| rowspan=2|2001
| Best Male Artist
|-
| "Enrique"
| Album of the Year
|-
| 2002
| "Escape"
| Music Video of the Year
|-
|}

TMF Awards

|-
|2007
|"Do You Know?"
|Best International Video
|
|}

Radio Regenbogen Awards

|-
|2007
|Enrique Iglesias
|Best International Artist
|
|}

Los Premios Telehit Awards

|-
|2008
|Enrique Iglesias
|Pop Artist of the Year
| rowspan=4
|-
|2010
| 95/08 Éxitos
|International Album of the Year
|-
|2011
|rowspan=2|Enrique Iglesias
|rowspan=2|Pop Artist of the Year
|-
|2012
|}

Premios Fuse TV Awards

|-
|2011
|"Ayer"
|Best Male Video
|
|-
|}

Premio Ondas

!
|-
|2002
|Enrique Iglesias
|Most Successful Spanish Artist of the Decade
|
|
|}

Premios Oye!

|-
|rowspan=3|2010
|rowspan=2|"Cuando Me Enamoro"  (ft. Juan Luis Guerra)
|Spanish Record of the Year
|
|-
|Spanish Theme of the Year
|
|-
|Euphoria
|Best Pop Male Album
|
|}

Top of the Pops Awards

|-
|rowspan=2|2002
|"Hero"
| Top Song
|rowspan=2
|-
| One Night Stand – World Tour
|Top Tour
|}

Univision's Best of Music

|-
|rowspan=4|2011
|Euphoria
|Best Disc
|
|-
|Euphoria Tour
|Best Tour
|rowspan=2
|-
|"No Me Digas Que No" (ft. Wisin & Yandel)
|Best Song
|-
|"Tonight (I'm Lovin' You" (ft. Ludacris and DJ Frank E)
|Best Video
|
|-
|}

Valentine's Day Awards

|-
|rowspan=2|2012
|Enrique Iglesias
|Most Desirable Man
|rowspan=2
|-
|"Love To See You Cry"
|Best Love Song of the Year
|-
|}

VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards

!
|-
|2000
|Enrique Iglesias
|Most Fashionable Artist – Male
|
|
|}

Viña Del Mar International Song Festival

|-
|2000
|Enrique Iglesias
|Gaviota De Plata
|
|-
|}

World Music Awards

|-
|rowspan=2|1996
|rowspan=10|Enrique Iglesias
|Hispanic Artist of the Year
|rowspan=5
|-
|Revelacion of the Year
|-
|rowspan=3|2002
|Best Seling Pop Male Artist
|-
|Best Selling European Artist
|-
|Best Selling Latin Male Artist
|-
|rowspan=3|2008
|Best Pop/Rock Male Artist
|
|-
|Best Selling Latin Performer
|rowspan=5
|-
|Best Selling Spanish Artist
|-
|rowspan=3|2012
|Best Male Artist
|-
|Best Entertainer of the Year
|-
|"Finally Found You"
|Best Song
|-
|2014
|"Heart Attack"
| World's Best Song
|
|}

Billboard Decade-End

Billboard legacy

 Artist of The Year Chart in: 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2011, 2014.
 Billboard 200 Albums Of The Year Charts in: 1999,2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2014
 Billboard Hot 100 Songs Of The Year Charts in: 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015

Other recognition

 Para Todos : King of Latin Pop
 Para Todos : King of Dance
 Appeared on more than 300 magazine covers
 Holds the record for male artist with the most No. 1 Songs on the "Billboard Dance Charts", edging out Michael Jackson as the "King of Dance"
 Biggest selling international artist of all time in India
 United kingdom's biggest selling Latin artist of all time
 Enrique is the artist with most No. 1 hits on the "Hot Latin Songs Chart"
 Enrique is the first ever artist in the industry whose Latin video (BAILANDO) Churned Out over 1 Billion + views
 ENRIQUE IGLESIAS Was named the "King of 2014" .
 ENRIQUE Was named the "Crowd Pleaser of 2014" by "Billboard" due to his success with the 10th studio album and huge hit "Bailando"
 Enrique has 36 Latin Billboard awards which is the most for any artist.
 Bailando was the tenth best selling song in the world of 2014 with 8M sold worldwide
 "Sex And Love" was Spotify's 7th most listened to album worldwide of 2014
 Enrique's Pepsi commercial with P!nk, Britney Spears, and Beyoncé was named the No. 1 Super Bowl commercial of all time
 Enrique's first Spanish album, "Enrique Iglesias", sold 1M copies in the US after three months and won a Grammy
Enrique is an honorary recipient of one "Guinness World Records" , Namely,
 He's the artist who has most number one singles on "Hot Latin Songs" Billboard Chart dated since – 1995 to 2015 .

References

Iglesias, Enrique
Awards


Abraham Lincoln Wood Jr. (October 7, 1928 – November 7, 2008) was an American civil rights leader, who helped coordinate the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom and stood behind Martin Luther King Jr. during his historic "I Have a Dream" speech.

Early life

Woods was born on October 7, 1928, in Birmingham, Alabama. He was one of 11 children born to his parents, Rev. Abraham Woods Sr. and the former Maggie Wallace. He attended Morehouse College with Martin Luther King Jr., and later received a Bachelor of Theology at Birmingham Baptist College, a bachelor's degree in sociology at Miles College and a master's degree from the University of Alabama in American history.

Civil rights movement

Woods had been pastor of the First Metropolitan Baptist Church in the early 1960s and led the St. Joseph Baptist Church starting in 1967 as its pastor.

In addition to his service as the president of the Birmingham chapter of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Woods would often lead community marches to protest community violence, police shootings and slumlords. Woods was one of the coordinators of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom and stood behind Martin Luther King Jr. during his "I Have a Dream" speech on August 28, delivered to a crowd of 250,000 from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.

Little more than two weeks after Dr. King's speech, Woods was at the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing minutes after the explosion resulted in the deaths of four girls. "They found shoes. Finally they found bodies. You could smell the human flesh", he told The New York Times. While Ku Klux Klan member Robert Chambliss had been convicted in 1977, a new investigation spurred by Rev. Woods' efforts led to the conviction of Thomas Blanton and Bobby Frank Cherry, two other Klan members, who were found guilty by state juries of all four murders and sentenced to life in prison.

Later life

Woods helped bring attention to the issue of segregation at country clubs, staging protests that the 1990 PGA Championship, one of professional golf's four major tournaments, was going to be played at the Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club near Birmingham, which at the time had no black members. The PGA considered moving the tournament to a new site but reached a compromise with the club in which a local insurance executive was invited to become an honorary member with full membership privileges. The PGA and USGA changed rules regarding course selection, requiring clubs that hosted events to meet inclusive membership requirements.

In 1997, Woods had been invited to a Promise Keepers luncheon that had been extended to him by a white Federal Bureau of Investigation agent, but was reluctant to attend as he perceived it to be "a white male organization". He attended despite his misgivings and was impressed by the number of the organization's top officers who were black.

Introducing himself at a 2004 news conference staged to protest an unjust police shooting, Woods stated that he had "sometimes been called a troublemaker in the city of Birmingham, an agitator," but turned the word around by noting that he didn't resent the title of "agitator" because he could recall that "the little old lady said if a washing machine didn't have an agitator, then it wouldn't get the clothes clean."

Woods died at age 80 on November 7, 2008, at Princeton Baptist Medical Center in Birmingham, having battled cancer for several years.

He is buried in Elmwood Cemetery.

References

Activists for African-American civil rights
Deaths from cancer in Alabama
Morehouse College alumni
Religious leaders from Birmingham, Alabama
University of Alabama alumni
Promise Keepers
1928 births
2008 deaths
Activists from Birmingham, Alabama
Baptists from Alabama
Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Birmingham, Alabama)
20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States


Decommissioning in Northern Ireland was a process in the Belfast Agreement as part of the Northern Ireland peace process. Under the Good Friday Agreement/ Belfast Agreement, all paramilitary groups fighting in the Troubles would be subject to decommission. Decommissioning was a defining issue in the effort to negotiate peace in Northern Ireland.

Belfast Agreement/Good Friday Agreement

The Belfast Agreement, or Good Friday Agreement, was signed in Belfast on 10 April 1998 (Good Friday) by the British and Irish governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties.

It contained provisions for a government involving both Catholics and Protestants, whose traditional aspirations, expressed as nationalism on one side and unionism on the other, had often clashed over the years. The Agreement recognised the legitimacy of both aspirations. One of the provisions of the Agreement was that the parties agree to collectively use their influence to achieve decommissioning within two years, by May 2000.

Independent International Commission on Decommissioning

The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) was established to oversee the decommissioning. Its objective was to facilitate the decommissioning of firearms, ammunition and explosives.

Decommissioning problems
Into late 2001, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was reluctant to disarm. The IRA refused to disarm because they said that the British government had reneged on its side of the bargain, by watering down the reforms of the Royal Ulster Constabulary proposed by the Patten Commission, and by failing to pull troops out of Northern Ireland.

After the original deadline for decommissioning – May 2000 – passed, the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning set 30 June 2001. That date passed as well without full disarmament.

The crisis hit its climax in July 2001 as David Trimble, the Ulster Unionist Party leader, resigned as first minister of the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive in protest against the IRA failure to redeem its pledge to put its weapons "completely and verifiably beyond use" (he was later re-elected). The peace process was on the brink of collapse again after the Provisional IRA failed to convince the UK Government or the Ulster Unionists that they had made "sufficient progress towards decommissioning".

Breakthrough
On 7 August 2001, the IRA agreed on a method of destroying its arsenal. Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the time, described the breakthrough as "significant" and "historic". General John de Chastelain of Canada, chairman of the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, said the proposals had been accepted by the panel as ones that would "put IRA arms completely and verifiably beyond use." The Ulster Unionists had said they would no longer take part in the Northern Ireland Assembly if the IRA did not begin disarming. The announcement came after meetings between the commission and a representative of the IRA.

During the process of decommissioning the Democratic Unionist Party demanded that the IRA release photographs of the decommissioning process in order to satisfy the unionist "man in the street". The IRA rejected these claims, claiming it would amount to "humiliation" , and that two clergymen would oversee the process instead.

In June 2009, both the Ulster Volunteer Force and Red Hand Commando announced that they had completed a process of decommissioning. The UDA said it had started a process that would lead to the destruction of all its arms. Originally, both organisations had refused to decommission, claiming that copying the IRA's action would amount to "dancing to their tune".

Timeline
10 April 1998 (Good Friday): Belfast Agreement is signed, which agrees to have all paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland decommission by May 2000.
May 2000: Deadline to disarm passes. Independent International Commission on Decommissioning agrees on a new deadline, 30 June 2001.
30 June 2001: Deadline to disarm passes.
July 2001: Ulster Unionist leader David Trimble resigns as First Minister because the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) refuses to disarm.
7 August 2001: The IRA agrees on a method to decommission.

See also
Colombian peace process

References

History of Northern Ireland
1990s in Northern Ireland
2000s in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland peace process
Military disbanding and disarmament


Sandile Ngcobo (born 1 March 1953) is former justice in the Constitutional Court of South Africa. He served as Chief Justice from 2009 to 2011.

In 2017, the Southern African Public Law journal published a special issue in volume 32 of the journal under the title: "Twenty-First Century Constitutional Jurisprudence of South Africa: the Contribution of Former Chief Justice S. Sandile Ngcobo" in which academics, judges and practitioners examined Justice Ngcobo's jurisprudence during his tenure at the bench. The special issue was edited by Professor Ntombizozuko Dyani-Mhango, a former clerk of the Justice Ngcobo. See,

Education

Justice Ngcobo received a Fulbright scholarship and he holds an LLM degree from Harvard Law School, where he is a visiting professor of law. He is also a visiting professor of law at Columbia Law School and an adjunct professor of law at Cornell Law School.

Career

From 1986 to 1987, Ngcobo clerked for A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., a United States federal judge.

Ngcobo was made an honorary professor of law by the University of Cape Town.

He was appointed to the Constitutional Court in 1999 by Nelson Mandela. Prior to this he was a judge in the Cape High Court and the Labour Appeal Court.

On 6 August 2009, President Jacob Zuma nominated Ngcobo to succeed Pius Langa as Chief Justice of South Africa in October 2009.

References

1953 births
Living people
University of Natal alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
Chief justices of South Africa
People from Durban
20th-century South African judges
21st-century South African judges


Vouni (, ) is a small village in Limassol District, Cyprus, located 7 km north of Agios Therapon. The name of the village is derived from its location, in which Vouni means "low mountain" in Greek.

History
The earliest recording of Vouni dates back to the Middle Ages, such that it appears in Venetian maps under the name "Voni".

According to local tradition there used to be four settlements in the area of the present village, which were built on low mountains; three of which were known as Pera Vounin (), Velonaka () and Ais Mamas (), which were desolated as a result of the plague which struck Cyprus in 1692. The fourth settlement, Vouni, was salvaged and protected by Agios Ioannis Prodromos, to whom the main church of the village is dedicated. Residents of the three settlements that withstood the plague moved to Vouni.

Population

See also

 Souni-Zanakia

References

Communities in Limassol District


The CBS News iCast was a daily news audio podcast, created and first hosted by CBS News' New York–based Correspondent and Anchor Chris Mavridis. According to the CBS Corporation, the iCast was the world's first daily network news podcast. It was available at CBSnews.com and aggregated to hundreds of other websites.

Description

The CBS News iCast launched on July 26, 2006. It was created and developed by CBS News correspondent and anchor Chris Mavridis and was intended as a daily downloadable network newscast for 18- to 34-year-olds. New York Times Arts reporter Steven McElroy wrote that the iCast "is the first network newscast developed specifically as a podcast". Access.com described the iCast as a "non-traditional, actuality-heavy five-minute newscast." The runtime was fluid, ranging from 5–7 minutes in length. Under the direction of Mavridis, a correspondent with CBS News since 2002, the iCast was initially presented in a "theatre-of-the-mind" radio format, employing dramatic elements mixed with natural-sound audio, news interviews and current music. Mavridis developed the style that mimicked talking to pre-recorded interviews and newsmakers.

Billboard magazine's Radio and Records described Mavridis's original iCast format as transforming "the traditional role of a reporter into more of an audio guide with an edge who leads the listener through a news story's chain of interrelated actualities."

Each show opened with the big story of the day, usually in a mock-conversation format, inserting pre-taped interviews and field reports to create the illusion of a conversation. The second segment is usually another major story of the day told in a slightly more sobering method. It is followed by "The World", which details three typically odd international news pieces, followed by the closing item, which was often an odd "kicker" story which usually involved heavy music production.

Distribution

According to the July 26, 2006, edition of Billboard magazine, the podcast was "made available to more than 500 CBS Radio News affiliates, as well as via the CBS Radio network and the group's own website. One day after its debut on July 26, 2008, CBS News Vice President of Radio Harvey Nagler told the New York Times that he believed Mavridis's iCast would "most definitely change the way (people) think of CBS Radio News."

Impact on journalism

Beginning in the fall of 2006, several top journalism schools across the United States and Canada adopted the "iCast" as part of their respective curricula. Columbia School of Journalism taught an "iCast" class. Professors at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and Jacksonville University used several editions of the "iCast" to teach classes in "the Future of Media" and "the Future of News Writing." Toronto's Ryerson University school of Journalism, Humber College School of Journalism and Seneca College Broadcasting School also use the "iCast" as a teaching tool. According to a 2007 radio interview on Montreal station CJAD, Mavridis regularly tours some of these schools "lecturing on new media, grading writing projects and later imploring broadcast journalism students to drop out and enroll in dental college."

End of the iCast

After Mavridis's departure from CBS News in September 2006, the iCast was hosted by various correspondents from CBS News Radio. Anchor Jim Chenevey hosted the show for several weeks, infusing music and humor into the show. Correspondent Dave Barett hosted occasionally and continued the tradition of innovative story telling through strong writing, music and use of sound. Eventually, CBS anchor and WCBS News reporter Jim Taylor assumed full-time iCast duties. The show, while still creative, began to veer towards a more traditional-sounding newscast. By the spring of 2007, the iCast was cancelled and replaced by a recording of CBS Radio's World News Roundup, anchored by Nick Young.

References

Audio podcasts
CBS Radio
2006 podcast debuts


Valkaria Airport  is a public-use airport located  west of the central business district of the city of Grant-Valkaria in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned.

The airport was originally constructed by the U.S. Navy during World War II as Naval Outlying Landing Field Valkaria (NOLF Valkaria), an auxiliary airfield to Naval Air Station Melbourne, now Melbourne International Airport. NOLF Valkaria was closed in late 1945 and did not reopen for flight operations until 1959. During the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, the site was used as a Missile Trajectory Measurement (MISTRAM) station by the U.S. Air Force and NASA in support of launch operations at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center.

In 1959, the United States Department of Defense and the General Services Administration conveyed that part of the Valkaria facility not dedicated to MISTRAM to the county government of Brevard County, Florida for use as a public airport.

The Valkaria Airport also has the Space Coast Drone Test Center.

References

External links

Airports in Brevard County, Florida
1940s establishments in Florida
Closed installations of the United States Navy


Baaitse Elizabeth "Bess" Nkabinde (born 1959 in Silwerkrans) is a former judge on the Constitutional Court of South Africa.

Early life
Nkabinde (née Motsatsi) was born in 1959 in Silwerkrans, in what was then the western Transvaal (and is now part of the North West province). She matriculated at Mariasdal High School in Tweespruit in 1979. Thereafter she obtained a BProc degree at the University of Zululand in 1983, an LLB from the North-West University in 1986, and a Diploma in Industrial Relations at Damelin College in 1988.

She worked as a legal adviser to the Bophutatswana government for four years, before becoming an advocate in 1988. She worked at the North West Bar for ten years before her first appointment as an acting judge in 1999.

Judicial career
In November 1999, Nkabinde was appointed to the Bophuthatswana division of the High Court of South Africa. She served acting stints on the Labour Court, Labour Appeal Court, and, in 2005, the Supreme Court of Appeal. She also chaired the Rules Board.

In 2006, Nkabinde was appointed to the Constitutional Court of South Africa by then President Thabo Mbeki to replace Arthur Chaskalson. Her appointment proved controversial, since, despite being "relatively obscure" and lacking experience in constitutional law, she was preferred to Wits law professor Cora Hoexter, who seemed the much stronger candidate. Nkabinde is known for her controversial judgments in S v Masiya, Lee v Minister of Correctional Services, and Botha v Rich, each of which has attracted severe criticism.

Hlophe controversy
In 2008, High Court judge John Hlophe allegedly approached Nkabinde and Chris Jafta to persuade them to find for President Jacob Zuma in pending litigation. The Constitutional Court laid a public complaint against Hlophe which Jafta and Nkabinde supported. Six years later, however, when the misconduct enquiry against Hlophe was pending, Jafta and Nkabinde brought a court challenge to the tribunal's jurisdiction, saying their own complaint was not legally valid. Commentators slammed Jafta and Nkabinde's "cowardice", which had brought the Constitutional Court into disrepute. The judges claimed, in response, that they were simply upholding the Constitution. The High Court dismissed the judges' application on 26 September 2014, but they appealed. The Supreme Court of Appeal dismissed that appeal in March 2016, criticising Jafta and Nkabinde's damaging court application and implying that the case raised questions about their "integrity". On 6 April 2016, Jafta and Nkabinde filed an appeal to the Constitutional Court – their own court – asking it to overturn the Supreme Court of Appeal's judgment. They did so partly on the basis that the SCA made "hurtful" imputations about them. All this was despite the fact, as one commentator noted, that the Constitutional Court already held in 2012 that it cannot hear appeals in the Hlophe matter and that any SCA judgment is final.

Personal life
Nkabinde is married and has four children.

References

1959 births
Living people
South African women judges
Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
South African women in politics
Constitutional court women judges


Subh Sukh Chain (, ) was the national anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India.

The song was based on a  Bengali poem Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata by Rabindranath Tagore. When Subhash Chandra Bose shifted to Southeast Asia from Germany in 1943, he, with the help of Mumtaz Hussain, a writer with the Azad Hind Radio, and Colonel Abid Hasan Safrani of the INA, rewrote Tagore’s Jana Gana Mana into the Hindustani Subh Sukh Chain for use as the national anthem. Bose then went to what was then the INA broadcasting station at the Cathay Building in Singapore and asked Capt. Ram Singh Thakuri to compose the music for a song translated from Rabindranath Tagore's original Bengali score. He asked him to give the song a martial tune.

India attained independence on 15 August 1947, and the next morning Jawaharlal Nehru unfurled the tricolour on the ramparts of the Red Fort and addressed the nation. It was on this occasion that Captain Thakuri was invited to play the tune of Subh Sukh Chain along with the members of his orchestra group.

History

During the Indian independence movement, the song Vande Mataram was frequently sung at protest meetings, including the proclamation of the Provisional Government of Free India in Singapore in October 1943.  Some Muslims were, however, not comfortable with the expressly Hindu metaphors used in the song, and disliked the book, Anandamath, in which it had been first published.  The leaders of the Indian National Army in Singapore were aware of this problem, and hoped that Subhas Chandra Bose, the head of the INA and the Azad Hind, would settle it. Lakshmi Sahgal, who was an INA member, favoured the selection of Jana Gana Mana, which was composed by Rabindranath Tagore and had been sung at sessions of the Indian National Congress.  She arranged to have it sung at a women's meeting attended by Bose.  Bose was taken by the song, which he thought was nationally representative.  However, he did not like that the song was in Sanskritized Bengali, and commissioned a free translation to Hindustani.

The translation, Subh Sukh Chain, was written by Captain Abid Hasan Safrani, and its score composed by Captain Ram Singh Thakuri. It took Vande Mataram's place as the official national anthem of the Provisional Government, and was sung at all meetings, including at the final assembly before Bose's departure.

On 24 January 1950, President-elect Rajendra Prasad announced the final decision that Jana Gana Mana would be the national anthem of India.

Lyrics
The text of the anthem is

See also
 Jana Gana Mana, the National Anthem of India
 Abid Hasan
 Vande Mataram, the National Song of India
 Amar Shonar Bangla, the National Anthem of Bangladesh
 Indian National Army
 Capt. Ram Singh Thakuri

References

Indian patriotic songs
Indian National Army
Azad Hind
Memorials to Rabindranath Tagore


Sreekumar Rajagopalan Nair (born 2 November 1978) is a former Indian first class cricketer who played for Kerala in domestic cricket. He is a left-handed middle order batsman and slow left arm orthodox bowler. Sreekumar was also a former captain of Kerala.
He holds the record for the highest individual score by a Kerala batsman, with a score of 306 not out. He made this score against Services at Fort Maidan in Palakkad, during the 2007 season.

References

External links

Kerala cricketers
Assam cricketers
South Zone cricketers
Indian cricketers
1978 births
Living people
Sree Kerala Varma College alumni
Cricketers from Kerala


Catherine "Kate" O'Regan (born 17 September 1957) is a former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. From 2013 to 2014 she was a commissioner of the Khayelitsha Commission and is now the inaugural director of the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights at the University of Oxford.

Early life

O'Regan was born in Liverpool, England, into a large Catholic family of Irish immigrants. She moved to Cape Town when she was seven. Her mother was a dentist from a "very political household"; her father was a doctor who became active in poor Catholic communities and those subjected to forced removals.

O'Regan studied at the University of Cape Town from 1975 to 1980, earning a BA and LLB. She was taught briefly by Arthur Chaskalson, who had recently founded the Legal Resources Centre, and ran UCT's legal aid project, working with Mahomed Navsa of the University of the Western Cape. After earning an LLM from the University of Sydney, she returned to South Africa and began her articles of clerkship at Bowman Gilfillan. She stayed on at Bowman for two years under John Brand, specialising in labour law and land rights and representing COSATU, NUM, NUMSA and the Black Sash.

In 1985, O'Regan went to London to do a PhD at the London School of Economics on interdicts restraining strikes. On her return to South Africa in 1988, she worked at the Labour Law Unit and then became an associate professor at the University of Cape Town. She was a founder member of the Law, Race and Gender Research project and the Institute for Development Law at UCT; advised the African National Congress (of which she was a non-active member from 1991) on land claims legislation, working with Geoff Budlender, Aninka Claassens and Derek Hanekom; and served as a trustee of the Legal Resources Centre Trust. She co-edited No Place to Rest: Forced Removals and the Law in South Africa and contributed to A Charter for Social Justice: A Contribution to the South African Bill of Rights Debate.

Judicial career

In 1994, O'Regan was appointed to the newly formed Constitutional Court of South Africa by Nelson Mandela. Aged only 37, O'Regan's appointment was surprising even to her. She and Yvonne Mokgoro were the only female judges on the Court for its first 13 years.

O'Regan's first majority judgment was S v Bulwana; S v Gwadiso, where the Court for the first time suspended an order of constitutional invalidity. In 1998, she co-authored Fedsure Life Assurance Ltd v Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council, the Court's founding judgment on the rule of law and legality review. The first major judgment of which she was the sole author was Premier, Mpumalanga, still the leading authority on the doctrine of legitimate expectations (on which O'Regan also wrote in Ed-U-College, again in the context of the government's withdrawal of school subsidies). O'Regan's judgment in Dawood v Minister of Home Affairs, delivered in 2000, established for the first time that the right to family life is constitutionally protected and that the conferral of broad discretionary powers on government officials can be unconstitutional. But by far her most-cited contribution to administrative law is her 2004 judgment in Bato Star v Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, which sets out South African law's approach to reasonableness review and judicial deference.

O'Regan's judgment in ACDP v Electoral Commission, dealing with the African Christian Democratic Party's application to contest the 2006 local government elections, introduced the doctrine of substantial compliance into South African law. Her judgment in Richter v Minister of Home Affairs, also on political rights, extended the right to vote to South African citizens living abroad.

O'Regan wrote several judgments on labour law, in which she had specialised as an attorney and academic. She wrote two judgments - one in 1999 and one in 2007 - in the ongoing litigation between the South African National Defence Union and the South African National Defence Force, as well as NUMSA v Bader Bop, a judgment dealing with the subject of her PhD thesis: the right to strike. Her 2001 judgment on the relationship between administrative law and labour law, Fredericks v MEC for Education and Training, Eastern Cape, has effectively been overturned - to almost unanimous disapproval by commentators. In Sidumo v Rustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd, O'Regan wrote separately to emphasise, in agreement with the majority judgment of Navsa AJ, her law-clinic colleague of thirty years earlier, that administrative law applies to labour law disputes.

In the law of delict, O'Regan's contribution has been significant. In 2002, she wrote Khumalo v Holomisa, one of the Court's first judgments on defamation law and arguably its only judgment applying the Bill of Rights directly to private parties. In 2004, she delivered the Metrorail judgment, which holds that Metrorail has a duty to ensure the safety of commuters on its trains and is regarded as an "exemplar" by international commentators for its protection of the right to personal security. And in 2005, most famously, O'Regan gave judgment in K v Minister of Safety and Security, finding the state liable to compensate a plaintiff who was raped by a police officer. The judgment's radical expansion of the test for vicarious liability, following Bazley v Curry and Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd, was celebrated by women's rights groups but criticised by some academics. It has been approved and applied by the Court subsequently. The judgment is also still cited for its approach to the development of the common law and the use of comparative law. Finally, in Steenkamp NO v Provincial Tender Board, another case on the delictual liability of public authorities, O'Regan co-wrote a dissent (with Langa CJ) that would have held the state liable for pure economic loss caused to the winner of an unlawfully awarded tender.

In discrimination law, O'Regan co-authored Prinsloo v Van der Linde, which established the connection between the right to equality and dignity, and penned a unanimous judgment in the 2003 follow-up to Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa. Better known are her two dissents. In Minister of Home Affairs v Fourie, she strongly criticised the majority for referring the regulation of same-sex marriage to Parliament rather than providing immediate relief. And her dissent in the earlier S v Jordan (co-authored with Sachs J) held that the criminalisation of sex work (and not its solicitation) unfairly discriminates on the basis of gender and is therefore unconstitutional.

O'Regan's fifteen-year term ended in October 2009. Her last judgment for the Court, Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg, on the right to water, proved highly controversial. For some, it was a perceptively restrained summation of the Court's socio-economic rights jurisprudence; for others, it was a "disappointing" and "profoundly conservative" failure by the Court to come to the aid of South Africa's poorest communities.

Nevertheless, O'Regan was hailed on her retirement as a "stalwart" of the Court, "among its most industrious, as well as progressive, members". In the view of Johann Kriegler, her long-standing colleague, she was "the most outstanding success of the Constitutional Court". Edwin Cameron has said she is "one of the finest minds ever appointed as a judge in South Africa". After O'Regan retired, along with Pius Langa, Yvonne Mokgoro and Albie Sachs, these four founding members of the Court were replaced by President Jacob Zuma's first raft of senior judicial appointees. This significant change in the Court's composition was seen by some as marking the start of its decline.

Acting DCJ

From February to May 2008, O'Regan acted as Deputy Chief Justice in the absence of Dikgang Moseneke. It was during this period that John Hlophe allegedly approached judges Chris Jafta and Bess Nkabinde to influence their decision in litigation involving Jacob Zuma.

Dalai Lama controversy

In March 2009, the South African government refused a visa to the Dalai Lama to attend a peace conference. This perceived capitulation by the ruling African National Congress to pressure from China was widely condemned, including by then Minister of Health Barbara Hogan. O'Regan also spoke out, publicly agreeing with Hogan and expressing her "dismay" that "human rights does not seem to enter into the picture of some foreign affairs decisions that are made". O'Regan was heavily criticised by the government and the Black Lawyers Association, which threatened to lay a misconduct complaint against her for "concern[ing] herself with politics".

Other positions and awards

O'Regan is an honorary professor at the University of Cape Town and a visiting professor at the University of Oxford, and was a Hauser Global Visiting Professor at New York University. She has four honorary doctorates (from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of Cape Town, London School of Economics and University of South Africa), is an honorary bencher of Lincoln's Inn and was elected an honorary foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

O'Regan is an ad hoc judge of the Supreme Court of Namibia. In addition, she is the president of the International Monetary Fund Administrative Tribunal and a member of the World Bank Sanctions Board. She was the inaugural chairperson, from 2008 to 2012, of the United Nations Internal Justice Council. She is on the board of several human rights NGOs, including Corruption Watch, the Council for the Advancement of the South African Constitution, the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law, the Equal Rights Trust and the Southern African branch of the Open Society Foundations. Since 2005, she has been closely involved with the establishment of the Southern African Legal Information Institute, a web-based law reporting system that is part of the Free Access to Law Movement.

In 2013, O'Regan was appointed by Premier Helen Zille as a commissioner, with Vusi Pikoli, of the Khayelitsha Commission, tasked with investigating the alleged breakdown of policing in Khayelitsha township. The Commission released its report in August 2014.

O'Regan has consistently criticised the slow pace of gender transformation in the South African judiciary.

Personal life

O'Regan is married to advocate Alec Freund SC. They have two children.

References

Living people
White South African people
South African people of Irish descent
Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
Justices of the Supreme Court of Namibia
South African women judges
South African women in politics
Academic staff of the University of Cape Town
University of Cape Town alumni
University of Sydney alumni
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Constitutional court women judges
South African women lawyers
20th-century South African lawyers
1957 births
20th-century South African judges
21st-century South African judges
20th-century women lawyers
20th-century women judges
21st-century women judges
Honorary Fellows of the British Academy
South African judges on the courts of Namibia
English emigrants to South Africa
People from Liverpool


Backney Halt railway station was a request stop in the English county of Herefordshire. It was located on the Great Western Railway line linking Ross-on-Wye and Hereford.

History
Opened by the Great Western Railway, the station then passed on to the Western Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It closed in 1962, two years before the actual railway was closed to passengers in 1964.

See also
List of crossings of the River Wye

References

 Backney Halt on navigable 1946 O. S. map

Further reading

Former Great Western Railway stations
Disused railway stations in Herefordshire
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1933


Taipei Municipal Chien Kuo High School (, CKHS) is a public high school for boys located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. The school was established in 1898 during the early years of Japanese rule. Originally named "No. 1 Taihoku High School" (), it was the first public high school in Taiwanese history. CKHS requires the highest scores on the national senior high school entrance exams. As of July 2021, CKHS's alumni include 1 Nobel Prize laureate (Physics), the only ethnic Chinese Turing Award laureate, 1 Cannes Film Festival Award winner (Best Director), 1 head of state, at least 5 members of the US National Academy of Sciences, and numerous scholars and public servants. Its female counterpart is the Taipei First Girls' High School.

History

Chien Kuo High School was the first public high school in Taiwan. Except for a short period following the Chinese Civil War, the school has been an all-boys high school. The red brick building was built in 1909 during Japanese rule and is considered one of Taipei's historical buildings. Originally called Taipei First Boys School, it was renamed in 1946 (along with Taipei Second Boys School) so that the two names would spell out the phrase "successfully establish a country" (), thus naming them Chien Kuo High School and Chenggong High School (). During Japanese rule, because Chien Kuo was reserved primarily for the Japanese while Taipei Second Boys School allowed entry for the Taiwanese. The two schools developed a competitive nature that persists to this day.

Overview

Students attending the school are widely recognized for their distinctive khaki uniforms and green bookbags. Only the top scorers on the Comprehensive Assessment Program () receive admission. The school has graduated over 100,000 students in its history. For many international science and math competitions (e.g. the International Science Olympiad), students from Chien Kuo are chosen to represent Taiwan.  As of 2007, students from Chien Kuo High School have won 46 gold, 63 silver and 21 bronze medals in International Mathematical Olympiad, International Physics Olympiad, International Chemistry Olympiad, International Olympiad in Informatics, and International Biology Olympiad. Since 2000, students from Chien Kuo have received 11 medals in the IMO/IPhO/IChO/IBO/IOI/IESO per year on average.

Notable alumni
 Alec Su (): singer (Xiao Hu Dui, Solo), actor
 Andrew Yao (): computer scientist, Turing Award laureate (2000), Academician of Academia Sinica
 Benjamin Hsiao(): Distinguished Professor, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University; Fellow of the American Physical Society and American Chemical Society
 Calvin Chen (): singer
 Chen Shih-chung(): dentist, Minister of Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of China (Taiwan)
 Chang-Lin Tien (): chemical engineer, former chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley, Academician of Academia Sinica, member of the US National Academy of Engineering and American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 Chang San-cheng(): engineer, former Premier of the Republic of China, former Director of National Center for High-Performance Computing
 Chen Chien-jen(): epidemiologist, Academician of Academia Sinica, member of the US National Academy of Sciences, former Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
 Chiang Peng-chien (): democracy activist, the first chairperson of the Democratic Progressive Party
 Cyrus Chu(): economist, Academician of Academia Sinica, member of the US National Academy of Sciences, former public servant and diplomat
 Ding-Shinn Chen(): hepatologist, Academician of Academia Sinica, member of the US National Academy of Sciences
 Edward Yang(): film director, Cannes Festival Best Director Award winner (2000)
 Eric Chu (): politician, former President of Executive Yuan, former associate professor of accounting at National Taiwan University
 Fredrick Chien (): diplomat, former President of Control Yuan, former minister of Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)
 Fu Kun-cheng (): professor of law, former lawmaker
 James C. Liao(): President of Academia Sinica; Parsons Foundation Professor, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA
 Jeffrey Koo Sr. (): former chairperson of Chinatrust Commercial Bank
 Kuan Chung-ming (): economist, Academician of Academia Sinica, President of National Taiwan University
 Kwang-chih Chang (): anthropologist, Academician of Academia Sinica, member of US National Academy of Sciences, former Vice President of Academia Sinica
 Lai Ching-te(): politician, medical doctor, Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
 Lu Hsiu-yi (): democracy activist, former legislator
 Lü Shao-chia (): world-renowned opera and orchestra conductor
 Lu Yen-hsun (): professional tennis player (formerly #1 in Asia)
 Ma Ying-jeou (): former President of Republic of China (Taiwan), professor of law
 Pai Hsien-yung (): novelist, Professor Emeritus of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara
 Samuel C. C. Ting (): physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate (1976), Academician of Academia Sinica
 Stan Lai(): playwright, theatre director
 Su Beng (): independence activist and author of Modern History of Taiwanese in 400 Years
 Wang Kuan-hung (): professional swimmer
 Wei min Hao (): atmospheric chemist, climatologist, contributor to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which won Nobel Peace Prize (2007)

References

External links

1898 establishments in Taiwan
Boys' schools in Taiwan
Educational institutions established in 1898
High schools in Taiwan
Schools in Taipei


Daniel Lévi (26 August 1961 – 6 August 2022) was a French singer-songwriter, composer, and pianist.

Biography
Lévi was born in Constantine, French Algeria into a Jewish family.  He spent his childhood in Lyon, where he was preparing for his job as a musician studying piano for a decade at the conservatory in the city. In 1983, he composed and recorded his first album entitled Cocktail. In 1991, he took part in the musical produced by Catherine Lara Sand et les Romantiques, on the stage of the Chatelet in which he portrayed Alfred de Musset and Frédéric Chopin. In 1993, he was hired by Disney Studios to record a duet with Karine Costa, the song of the animated feature Aladdin : "Ce Rêve bleu". In 1996, AB studios opened their doors to record his second album Entre parenthèses which was entirely composed by him. Then in 2000, he played the role of Moses in Élie Chouraqui and Pascal Obispo's musical Les Dix Commandements. He had huge success with the hit single "L'Envie d'aimer". After the triumph of the musical, Lévi decided to begin again to compose. In October 2002, he released his third album entitled Ici et Maintenant. In January 2005, his fourth album Le Cœur ouvert was produced in collaboration with Pascal Obispo.

Discography

Albums

Compilation albums
2017: Daniel Lévi
2019: 50 et quelques (Best of)
2021: Grâce à toi

Singles

Songs
1984: "Fou de toi"
1985: "Belle africaine"
1985: 'Falaise bleue"
1986: "L'amour au cœur"
1992: "Aime moi comme ton enfant" (with Catherine Lara)
1992: "Ce reve bleu" (with Karine Costa)
1996: "Change rien"
1997: "Elle est soleil"
2000: "L'envie d'aimer"
2001: "Mon frère" (with Ahmed Mouici)
2002: "Ici et maintenant"
2003: "L'enfant"
2004: "L'amour qu'il faut"
2005: "La peine de vivre"
2005: "Je meurs d'envie de Vous"
2017: "Un jour se lève"
2018: "Les Yeux De Mon Enfance" (en duo avec Nicolas Reyes)
2018: "Ce Soir"
2019: "Libre Sur Sa Terre"
2019: "Comme Un Homme"
2020: "Si On Peut"
2020: "Toi, Moi, Nous, Eux, Lui, Vous"
2020: "Les Gens Bien"

Appearances
1991: Sand et les Romantiques – in role of Chopin and Musset
1993: Aladdin of Disney – "Ce rêve bleu" (with Karine Costa) rom soundtrack of film
2000: Les Dix Commandements – in role of Moses
2001: L'Odyssée des Enfoirés
2001: Feelings : Hommage à Loulou Gasté

DVDs

2001: Les Dix Commandements
2001: L'Odyssée des Enfoirés
2013: Daniel Lévi, Live in Neguev
2013: Daniel Lévi, Live Casino de Paris

References

External links
Official site
Forum about Daniel Lévi

1961 births
2022 deaths
Musicians from Lyon
French male singers
French pop singers
Algerian Jews
Pieds-Noirs
Jewish songwriters
People from Constantine, Algeria
French male singer-songwriters
French singer-songwriters
Deaths from cancer in France
Deaths from colorectal cancer


Thembile Skweyiya (17 June 1939 – 1 September 2015) was brother of Zola Skweyiya and he was a South African Constitutional Court judge from 2003 to 2014.

Skweyiya attended primary school in Cape Town, but later attended boarding school at the Healdtown Institution in the Eastern Cape where he matriculated in 1959. Justice Skweyiya earned a BSocSci degree from the University of Natal in 1963 and an LLB degree from the same  university in 1967.

Skweyiya retired from the bench of the Constitutional Court of South Africa on 6 May 2014 at the age of 73.

References

Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
South African judges
1939 births
2015 deaths


John Holland (14 March 1794 – 28 December 1872) was an English poet, newspaper editor and writer on mining, botany, geology, topography and metallurgy.

Life

Holland was born in a cottage in the grounds of the ancient Sheffield Manor in Yorkshire and initially trained by his father to follow him as a maker of optical instruments. However, he was a bookish young man, who taught himself Latin and soon began publishing his own poems. These eventually brought him to the notice of a local poet, James Montgomery, editor of the Sheffield Iris, who published both articles and poems of his in the paper, although commenting on the latter's "inaccuracies and imperfections" and remarking that "they would be twice as good if they were as short again." By 1813 Holland had become a Sunday School teacher and turned his hand to composing religious poetry and hymns. Some five years later he was appointed as a secretary of the Sheffield Sunday School Union.

In 1825, Holland was appointed as editor of the Sheffield Iris by a new owner, John Blackwell. In 1832, he moved to Northumberland to edit the Newcastle Courant, which Blackwell had bought, but returned to Sheffield in the new year and was elected curator of the Sheffield Literary and Philosophical Society, a position he held until his death. In 1835 he became co-editor of the Sheffield Mercury, serving until the paper was closed down by its new owner in 1848. Throughout his journalistic life, he wrote numerous works on botany, geology, local history and topography, in addition to biographies and sermons.

Works
In 1819 Holland wrote a long topographical poem on Sheffield Park and sent it to Montgomery for corrections and suggestions. Previously his output had largely been anonymous or appeared under his initials; the poem now became the first book published under his name and was followed by another in 1821 on the "plague village" of Eyam. That year he also published a narrative poem, "The Cottage of Pella",  in imitation of Montgomery's "The Wanderer of Switzerland". Another strong influence on him was the poet Thomas Campbell. Holland's poem  "The Rainbow" (1820), published at the same time as one on the same subject by Campbell, was as frequently anthologised as the latter's. Holland then took Campbell's The Pleasures of Hope as a model for his own The Hopes of Matrimony (1822). As well as later productions, a good deal of poetry was included in some prose works, such as the serialised The Old Arm Chair (1823), his botanical work Memoirs of the Rose (1824), and his consideration of the Crucifixion, Cruciana (1836). Since he continued to write at length on all occasions, much of his work is derivative and diffuse.

In 1827, Holland published a book with an unusually long title (Crispin anecdotes: comprising interesting notices of shoemakers.... This was a compendium of many elements, including the history of shoes, the writings of shoemakers, and a survey of the manufacture, etc of shoes.

In 1835 came The History and Description of Fossil Fuel, The Collieries and Coal Trade of Great Britain. Its title page further identifies him as the author of the Treatise on Manufactures in Metal, which is said to be in three volumes, as part of Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia (1830–1844).

The coal trade book is an erudite, but readable, comprehensive survey of many aspects of the coal industry up to 1835, running to 478 pages. In the preface he confesses he is "neither a Geologist, a Collier, nor a Coal Merchant...", and prays for the reader's indulgence, until a more qualified author can undertake a similar survey. Despite this self-deprecation, the work is an extraordinary compendium of knowledge and information.

Poetical works
The Methodist (anonymously), Liverpool, 1819;
Sheffield Park: a descriptive poem, Sheffield, 1820; annotated 2nd ed. 1859;
The Cottage of Pella: a tale of Palestine, Sheffield, 1821;
The Village of Eyam: a poem, Macclesfield, 1821;
The Hopes of Matrimony, London and Sheffield, 1822; 2nd ed. 1836;
Flowers from Sheffield Park: a selection of poetical pieces originally published in the Sheffield Iris, London and Sheffield, 1827;
The Pleasures of Sight: a poem, Sheffield, 1829;
Tyne Banks: a poetical sketch by a visitor in Newcastle, Newcastle, 1832;
A Poet’s Gratulation, Sheffield, 1851;
Diurnal Sonnets: 366 poetical meditations on various subjects, personal, abstract and local, comprising several founded on the more striking festivals and observances of the Christian year, Sheffield, 1852.

From Sheffield Park, stanzas LVII–LVIX

When winter evening's cheerful tales conspire
With the warm influence of a social fire,
How seldom thinks the happy midnight guest
Of the poor collier's brief and broken rest.
Where chemic nature, from sulphureous ores,
Her deadliest essence sublimates and stores –
Combines these dire arcana to prepare
Her noxious treasures of mephitic air,
Each moment hovering round the miner's lamp
To scorch or suffocate – the explosive damp;
Above his head, while threatening rocks impend,
Imprisoned spirits in their wombs contend:
He delves his dungeon vault of living coal
And hears the cataracts through the caverns roll,
Careless with every stroke, or every breath,
To rouse a danger or inhale a death.
'Tis his to know, 'midst all that pity craves,
The felon's task, the heritage of slaves,
'Doomed to the mines', to dig for others' wealth,
To earn subsistence, and to bury health –
Bear from earth's noisesome depths, with perils rife,
The curse, the comforts, or the bread of life.
This a sad proof how vainly man hath built
Pride's superstructure on a base of guilt;
Of penal judgment this the unvarying mark,
From far Potosi's mines to Sheffield Park.

References

1794 births
1872 deaths
Christian hymnwriters
English newspaper editors
English male journalists
English male poets
Writers from Sheffield
English male non-fiction writers


Johann van der Westhuizen (born 26 May 1952 in Windhoek, South West Africa (now Namibia) is a former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. Before his judicial appointment, he was a professor at the University of Pretoria Faculty of Law and the founding director of its Centre for Human Rights.

Early life

Van der Westhuizen was born in Windhoek, South West Africa (now Namibia). He went to school there and in Pretoria. He received a BA in 1973, an LLB in 1975 (receiving the Grotius medal as the best final-year law student), and an LLD in 1980, all from the University of Pretoria.

Legal career

Van der Westhuizen was professor (from 1980 to 1998) and head (from 1980 to 1994) of the Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Legal Philosophy in the University of Pretoria's Faculty of Law. He was the founding director of the university's Centre for Human Rights from 1986 to 1998. The Centre played a prominent role in legal resistance to apartheid and in the debate about a new constitutional dispensation and is now internationally recognised as a leading human rights institution in Africa.

He was admitted as an advocate of the High Court of South Africa (in 1976) and was an associate member of the Pretoria Bar (1989-1998). Justice Van der Westhuizen acted as counsel in human-rights litigation and argued many appeals against the censorship of socially and politically significant films and books such as 'Roots', 'Cry Freedom' and 'A Dry White Season'. He acted as a consultant and in-house advocate for the Legal Resources Centre and Lawyers for Human Rights and served on the national council and board of trustees of Lawyers for Human Rights.

He was intimately involved in the drafting of South Africa's Constitution in 1995 and 1996 as a member of the Independent Panel of Recognised Constitutional Experts, which advised the Constitutional Assembly, and of the Technical Refinement Team, responsible for the final drafting and editing process. At the multiparty negotiating process in 1993, resulting in the adoption of the interim Constitution, and at the Transitional Executive Council in 1994, he served as the convenor of task groups dealing with the abolition of discriminatory and oppressive legislation from the apartheid era. He also co-ordinated the equality legislation drafting project of the Ministry of Justice and the South African Human Rights Commission in 19.

He currently serves as Jurisprudence Head of Department, Faculty of Law University of Pretoria.

Judicial career

In 1999 he was appointed by President Nelson Mandela as a judge in the Transvaal Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa (now the North Gauteng High Court) in Pretoria.

He joined the Constitutional Court of South Africa on 1 February 2004. Constitutional Court judgments written by Justice Van der Westhuizen dealt with matters including constitutional amendments, provincial boundaries and powers, fair trial issues, equality, the development of African customary law, asset forfeiture and search and seizure procedures and the right to privacy. He retired on 29 January 2016.

Honours and awards

Van der Westhuizen was awarded an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship and the Southern Africa Research Program fellowship to Yale University. He is a council member of the South African Judicial Education Institute, an extraordinary professor at the University of Pretoria and a member of the board of trustees of its Centre for Human Rights.

References

Living people
Namibian emigrants to South Africa
People from Windhoek
White South African people
University of Pretoria alumni
Academic staff of the University of Pretoria
Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
South African judges
1952 births


Sony Kuriakose Cheruvathur (born 26 August 1978) is a former Indian cricketer who played for Kerala in domestic cricket. He is an all-rounder who plays as a right-handed middle order batsman and right arm medium-fast bowler.

He made his List A debut in the 2001/02 season. He made his first-class debut for Kerala on 15 November 2003 in the 2003–04 Ranji Trophy against Railways. He made his Twenty20 debut for Kerala in the 2006-07 Inter-state Twenty-20 tournament on 3 April 2007 against Karnataka.

He has led Kerala in the 2007, 2008 and 2012 seasons of Ranji Trophy. He is the fastest player to take 100 wickets for Kerala and the only second Kerala player to take a hat-trick after S Sreesanth.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Kerala cricketers
Cricketers from Kerala


Norfolk House, in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England, was the headquarters of The Automobile Association from the mid-1990s until 2003. It was originally intended to replace Fanum House as the AA's HQ, but ultimately the building was not large enough to accommodate all Basingstoke-based employees and both buildings operated concurrently.

The building was purpose-built, and located at the Aldermaston Road roundabout, at the junction of the Basingstoke ring road and the A340 - it replaced The AA's main warehouse built on that site which was also known as Norfolk House. It consisted of three permanent structures, the main office block and car park, a technology centre (the Durie Centre), and the AA sports and social club (the Fanum Club)/ museum which featured squash courts and other sports facilities, with a bar on part of the first floor. There was also a security gatehouse and a petrol pump, used by AA employees to fill company vehicles.

The main building was above three levels of undercover car park. There were three floors, including the entrance (ground) floor. The ground floor featured a large reception area with marble floors, an employee cafeteria, and office wings on either side accessible to employees by swiping their ID card. The offices were constructed around internal garden areas. The upper floors were accessed by a curved, floating staircase, or by lift. Each floor had a circular balcony overlooking the reception area.

One side of the 2nd (top) floor was a plush executive suite, with very large glass offices for the AA Director-General and the other directors, executive washrooms, and meeting rooms. The AA boardroom with an anteroom was within this suite. The executive suite was not accessible to the majority of employees, as it required a special ID card access. There was also a dedicated executive catering facility, with its own dining rooms. These were used both by the directors on a day-to-day basis, and for entertaining guests from other motoring associations worldwide and commercial partners.

After the purchase of the AA by Centrica in 1999, various Centrica functions moved into the building, and it was used jointly by Centrica, British Gas and AA employees until its closure. The executive facilities were dispensed with. After it closed, the building stood empty for some time, until it was occupied by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company and renamed Lilly House. Eli Lilly later moved their offices to Basing View, leaving the building to be demolished in 2022.

In 2023, the developers Glencar and Wrenbridge began construction of a new logistics warehouse in the area. It is being forward funded by the developer GLP, who has set a goal for net zero target emissions.

AA Museum
The AA Museum featured exhibits of AA memorabilia from over the years, everything from badges and signs to petrol pumps, many photographs, and vehicles including an AA-liveried Minivan, a Land Rover and various motorcycles.

After the closure of Norfolk House, the museum was incorporated into the Milestones Museum in Basingstoke.

References

Buildings and structures in Hampshire
Basingstoke
The Automobile Association


Orquídea Negra is the sixth solo album by Brazilian musician Zé Ramalho. It was released in 1983. The album featured several guest artists. Ramalho, who believes in extra and intraterrestrial beings, once said that a man who introduced himself as a member of the Illuminati told him that with the song "Kryptônia" they managed to make contact with some "species".

Track listing

2003 Re-issue

Personnel
 Zé ramalho - Lead vocals, acoustic guitar, twelve-string guitar, caxixi, violas, bass drum, pandeiro, triangle.

References

1983 albums
Zé Ramalho albums
Epic Records albums