The Herald-Star is  a daily newspaper based in Steubenville, Ohio.

History
Its history began in 1806 with the founding of the Western Herald by William Lowry and John Miller. Miller, who left the paper to fight in the War of 1812, eventually became governor of Missouri.

James Wilson, grandfather of US President Woodrow Wilson, purchased the paper in 1815 and served for 23 years as proprietor and editor.

In 1847, the theretofore weekly Herald published its first daily edition. The initiator of this move was William R. Allison, who owned and edited the paper from 1846 to 1873.

The paper merged with the Steubenville Star in 1897 to form the Herald-Star.

Brush-Moore Newspapers bought the paper in 1926. For a number of years, the paper was part of the Thomson Newspapers, who acquired Brush-Moore Newspapers in 1967.

Ogden Newspapers bought the paper from Thomson in 1996.

References

Newspapers published in Ohio
Steubenville, Ohio
1806 establishments in Ohio


Hermine Bosetti née von Flick (28 September 1875, Vienna – 1 May 1936, Hohenrain or Munich), was a German coloratura soprano.

Bosetti sang her debut in Wiesbaden (1898) as "Ännchen" in Der Freischütz. In 1900, she was a member of the Vienna State Opera and from 1901 until 1924 she was a star singer with the Bavarian State Opera. In 1903, she sang the role of "Colombina" in the first performance of Le donne curiose (Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari). She appeared in most of the German opera houses as well as in the Netherlands, Belgium, London, and Russia. In 1908, she sang in Vienna as a guest in roles such as "The Queen of the Night" and "Marguerite de Valois". She recorded for G&T Recordings, Odeon, and Gramophone.

She taught at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt am Main from 1926 to 1928. Among her students were Marcia Van Dresser and Adele Kern.

In 1913, she became the face of Aok products in Germany in their advertising, claiming "I have used Aok soap for years".

Recordings
 The Record of Singing (Part 2) Auber: 'Fra Diavolo' – Welches Glück ich arme (Munich, 1906)
 Aus Münchens Operngeschichte (Sängerinnen und Sänger der Münchner Hof- und Staatsoper von 1900–1945) (Die Entführung aus dem Serail: Martern aller Arten)
 Sie sangen im Prinzregententheater (Die Entführung aus dem Serail: Ach ich liebte)

Sources
 Cahn, Peter: Das Hoch'sche Konservatorium in Frankfurt am Main (1878–1978), Frankfurt am Main: Kramer, 1979.
 Kesting, Jürgen: Die großen Sänger. Düsseldorf: Claassen, 1986.
 Karl Josef Kutsch/ Leo Riemens: Unvergängliche Stimmen: Sängerlexikon. Bern und München: Francke, 1975.

External links
 Aok Kosmetik Timeline (see 1913)

1875 births
1936 deaths
German operatic sopranos
Singers from Vienna
19th-century German women opera singers
20th-century German women opera singers
Academic staff of Hoch Conservatory


Lawrence Edward Eschen (September 22, 1920 – June 9, 2015) was a Major League Baseball infielder who played in  with the Philadelphia Athletics. He was born in Suffern, New York. He batted and threw right-handed. Eschen had no hits in 11 at-bats, in 12 games, with four walks. His father, Jim, also played in Major League Baseball, with the Cleveland Indians.

See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players

External links

Larry Eschen's obituary

1920 births
2015 deaths
Major League Baseball infielders
Baseball players from New York (state)
Philadelphia Athletics players
People from Suffern, New York
Sportspeople from Rockland County, New York
Lancaster Red Roses players
Binghamton Triplets players
Utica Braves players
Schenectady Blue Jays players


Quitman High School may refer to:

Quitman High School (Arkansas), in Quitman, Arkansas
Quitman County High School, Georgia
Quitman High School (Louisiana), in Quitman, Louisiana
Quitman High School, in Quitman School District, Mississippi
Quitman High School (Texas) in Quitman, Texas

See also
Quitman School District


Prince Karl (Karl Borromäus) Michael Joseph of Liechtenstein (29 September 1730 – 21 February 1789) was an Austrian field marshal and courtier, a member of the House of Liechtenstein.

He was the 805th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria in 1772.

Life
Born in Vienna, the second son of Emanuel, Prince of Liechtenstein (1700–1771) and Maria Anna Antonia, Countess of Dietrichstein-Weichselstädt, Baroness of Hollenburg and Finkenstein, he was the younger brother of Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein.

In his youth, Liechtenstein was commissioned into an Austrian cavalry regiment. In 1747 he served in a campaign in the Netherlands, part of the War of the Austrian Succession, and was promoted quickly, especially during the Seven Years' War, becoming a colonel in 1757, during which year he was seriously wounded near Reichenberg. He distinguished himself in the conquest of Schweidnitz and was among the first to enter the city. As a reward he was sent to Maria Theresa in Vienna with the news of the victory and was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece. He became owner of the 1st Dragoon Regiment and commander of the garrison of Vienna.

In 1758, Liechtenstein was promoted to general and in 1760 to lieutenant field marshal. In 1765 he was Inspector General of the Cavalry, in 1771 was commanding general in Pressburg, and in 1775 held general command in Lower Austria.

During the War of the Bavarian Succession of 1778–1779 he was a cavalry general. At the beginning of the war, he commanded 28,000 men, who initially stood near Leitmeritz, blocking access to Bavaria. As the Austrian situation became more problematic, he carried out a series of successful manoevres.

Along with his wife, Liechtenstein was one of Joseph II's closest courtiers and rose to field marshal and chamberlain. In the Russo-Turkish War, in 1788, he was given command of an army of 36,000 men in Croatia and took part in the siege of Dubitza. However, he fell seriously ill and was treated in the spa town of Petrinia, where his condition worsened. Returning home to Vienna, he died there in February 1788.

He was buried in the newly-built mausoleum of the younger line of the House of Liechtenstein, at the Church of All Saints in Kromau.

Family
On 30 March 1761, in Vienna, he married Maria Eleonore Prinzessin zu Oettingen-Oettingen und Oettingen-Spielberg (Oettingen, 7 July 1745 - Vienna, 26 November 1812).

They had seven children:

 Princess Maria Josepha Eleonore Nicolaus (born Vienna, 4 December 1763, died 23 September 1833), married in Vienna on 29 January 1782 Johann Nepomuck Graf von Harrach zu Rohrau und Thannhausen (1756–1829), without issue.
 Prince Karl Joseph Emanuel Albinus (born 2 March 1765, killed in duel in Vienna 24 December 1795), married in Vienna on 28 September 1789 Marianne Josepha Gräfin von Khevenhüller-Metsch (1770-1849), and had issue.
 Prince Joseph Wenzel Franz Anastasius (born 21 August 1767, died 30 July 1842), a Priest in Salzburg, and later a military figure.
 Prince Emanuel Joseph Kaspar Melchior Balthasar (born 6 January 1770, died 20 February 1773).
 Prince Moritz Joseph Johann Baptist Viktor (21 July 1775 - 24 March 1819), married in Eisenstadt on 13 April 1806 Marie Leopoldine Princess Esterházy of Galántha (1788-1846), and had issue:
 Prince Franz de Paula Joseph Aloys Crispin (born 26 October 1776, died in Brussels of wounds received in battle on 23 June, 27 June 1794), unmarried and without issue.
 Prince Aloys Gonzaga Joseph Franz de Paula Theodor (1 April 1780 - 4 November 1833), died in Prague unmarried and without issue.

Ancestry

References

1802 births
1887 deaths
19th-century Austrian people
Princes of Liechtenstein
Nobility from Vienna
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria


I Can Get It for You Wholesale: Original Broadway Cast Recording contains the songs from the Broadway musical I Can Get It for You Wholesale, with music and lyrics by Harold Rome. The album contains Barbra Streisand's show-stopping solo
"Miss Marmelstein", which became the most memorable song of the show.

Background
Barbra Streisand's vocals are featured in the songs "I'm Not A Well Man", "Ballard Of The Garment Trade", "Miss Marmelstein" and "What Are They Doing To Us Now?". This album marks her first professional recording appearance. Goddard Lieberson, who produced the album, signed Streisand to a contract, and her first solo album The Barbra Streisand Album was released two months after I Can Get It for You Wholesale closed.

Track listing
All songs written by Harold Rome.
"Overture" – 1:27
"I'm Not A Well Man" (performed by Barbra Streisand and Jack Kruschen) – 2:21
"The Way Things Are" (performed by Elliott Gould) – 1:41
"When Gemini Meets Capricorn" (performed by Marilyn Cooper and Elliott Gould) – 2:48
"Momma, Momma, Momma" (performed by Elliott Gould and Lillian Roth) – 2:57
"The Sound Of Money" (performed by Elliott Gould and Sheree North) – 4:15
"Too Soon" (performed by Lillian Roth) – 3:05
"The Family Way" (performed by Elliott Gould, Lillian Roth, Marilyn Cooper, Ken LeRoy and Bambi Linn) – 3:08
"Who Knows?" (performed by Marilyn Cooper) – 3:41
"Ballad Of The Garment Trade" (performed by Barbra Streisand, Elliott Gould, Marilyn Cooper, Ken LeRoy and Bambi Linn) – 3:25
"Have I Told You Lately?" (performed by Ken LeRoy and Bambi Linn) – 3:10
"A Gift Today" (performed by Elliott Gould, Lillian Roth, Marilyn Cooper, Ken LeRoy and Bambi Linn) – 3:55
"Miss Marmelstein" (performed by Barbra Streisand) – 3:22
"A Funny Thing Happened" (performed by Elliott Gould and Marilyn Cooper) – 2:38
"What's In It For Me?" (performed by Harold Lang) – 1:57
"Eat A Little Something" (performed by Elliott Gould and Lillian Roth ) – 2:10
"What Are They Doing To Us Now?" (performed by Barbra Streisand) – 7:11

Unrecorded tracks
The following songs from the musical show were not included in the cast recording:
 "Overture" (This unrecorded overture is a medley typical of the standard Broadway musical. The recorded track titled "Overture" is actually a brief musical accompaniment to a piece of dance and movement that opens the first scene.)
 "The Sound Of Money (Reprise)" (Harold Rome)
 "Epilogue" (Harold Rome)

Singles

The songs "Miss Marmelstein" (performed by Barbra Streisand) and "Who Knows?" (performed by Marilyn Cooper) were released to radio as a promotional single in April 1962.

Chart performance
The album peaked at #125 on Billboard's Pop Albums Chart.

Personnel
Produced by Goddard Lieberson
Music and lyrics by Harold Rome
Musical direction and vocal arrangements by Lehman Engel
Orchestrations by Sid Ramin
Original recording engineers: Fred Plaut and Ed Michalski

References

1962 albums
Columbia Records albums
Cast recordings
Albums produced by Goddard Lieberson


Jennings High School may refer to:

Jennings High School (Jennings, Florida) in Jennings, Florida
Jennings High School (Kansas) in Jennings, Kansas
Jennings High School (Louisiana) in Jennings, Louisiana
Jennings High School (Missouri) in Jennings, Missouri


Padmanabhanagar is a posh residential locality in South Bangalore, India, covering an area of 1.68 km2 It's one of the zones of BBMP. Padmanabhanagar has a very famous park called Lakshmikanta Park. This park houses Lakshmi Kantha temple. It was looked after by residents association, in 2018 the corporator allotted funds and developed it further. The park was eyed for its medicinal trees and was sanctioned to be cut down completely and set up a landscaped area but the senior citizens of the locality who nurtured the park protested and stopped it. It is surrounded by Kumaraswamy Layout, Gowdanapalya, Chennamanakere, Kathriguppe, Kadirenahalli, Uttarahalli and Chikkakalasandra.

It is a constituency in the Karnataka legislative assembly. The assembly constituency has several areas surrounding Padmanabhanagara like Kumaraswamy Layout, Yediyur, Tyagarajanagara, Banashankari 2nd stage, Yarab Nagara, parts of Banashankari temple ward, Jayanagara 6th/7th/8th blocks, Shastri Nagara. The constituency is currently represented by Shri R Ashoka (Bharathiya Janata Party). Padmanabhanagara is also a ward constituency in BBMP (Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike ward No. 182) which was represented by Smt. L Shobha Anjanappa of BJP (Bharathiya Janata Party), in the immediate past term.

Education
Among its educational institutions are:
 Carmel School
 Prarthana School
 Deccan International School
 Sri Kumarans Children's home(SKCH) Composite PU college
 Jnana Vijnana Vidya Peeta

Health
 Maharaja Agrasen Hospital (Bangalore)
 D.G Hospital
 Yogananda Multi Speciality Hospital
 Motherhood (opposite KIMS)
 Agarwal Eye Hospital
 Medall Clumax Diagnostics
 Hillside Hospital

Notable residents
 H.D. Deve Gowda, Janata Dal (Secular) leader and former Prime Minister of India

Transport
The area is well connected by the BMTC bus network.
Bus routes to Kempegowda Bus Terminus include 12B, 12C, 210N, 210NA, 210NB, 210ND, 210NF, 210P, 210J, 210KA, 210W, 210I.
Bus routes to KR Market  include 15A, 210N, 210NA.
Bus routes to Shivajinagara include 13B, 182, 210H.
Bus route to Bhoopasandra  - 279F.
Bus route to Kamala Nagara BEML Layout - TR-10 (210N-96D)
Nearest Namma Metro station is Banashankari (on the Green line).

References

External links
 About Padmanabhanagar at Bangalorelookup

Neighbourhoods in Bangalore


Jet ski at the 2008 Asian Beach Games were held from 23 October to 25 October 2008 in Bali, Indonesia.

Medalists

Medal table

Results

Runabout open
23–24 October

Runabout 800 superstock
23–24 October

Runabout endurance open
25 October

Ski open
23–24 October

References
 Official site
 www.ijsba.com

2008 Asian Beach Games events


The Principality of Muzaka (Albanian: Principata e Muzakajve) was an independent realm ruled by the Albanian Muzaka family with its capital at Berat, covering territories in Central and Southern Albania, Western Macedonia and Northern Greece. One of the first rulers was Andrea I Muzaka whose reign was recognized by the Byzantine Emperor. During the Battle of Savra, the Ottomans captured Berat from Balša II, together with Kruja and Ulcinj. They soon retreated from all of those towns keeping only Castoria under their permanent control. Some sources explain that Ottomans probably remained in Berat with intention to use it as foothold to capture Valona. By 1396 Muzaka family took over control of Berat. In 1417 the territories of the Principality, including Vlorë and Berat, became a part of the Ottoman Empire.

History
It's uncertain when the Muzaka family started to rule over Berat, however one of the first notable rulers known so far is Andrea I Muzaka who ruled over the region of Myzeqe. Principality of Berat separates into two periods of time, between the period of 1280 to 1343, and 1355 to 1417. Andrea I Muzaka established a de facto independent rule over Berat, he was also formally recognized by the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos as he held the high Byzantine court title of sebastokrator. Some notable regions that were part of the Principality of Berat during this period are: Devoll, Berat, Skrapar, Tomorica, Selanica, Myzeqe, Korçe etc..

The Principality of Berat reached the peak of its power during the rule of Andrea II Muzaka who, according to the chronicle of Gjon Muzaka, defeated King Vukasin and was awarded with the title of Despot by the Emperor of Constantinople, the second highest title just below to that of Emperor. Andrea II expanded his territory to the maximum extent it would reach: from the Adriatic Sea between the Vjosa river and Devoll to the east, including Korça. In 1343 the Principality of Berat was conquered by the new Serbian Empire, but was recreated after that empire's fall in 1355. In an alliance with the Đurađ I Balšić, and the great lord of Ohrid Andrea Gropa, in 1372 Andrea Muzaka managed to also conquer Kostur from Prince Marko After the death of Andrea, the rule was passed to his son Teodor II Muzaka who in 1389 is said to have taken place in the Battle of Kosovo which had a great impact to the principality like to all other Albanian principalities of that time. Berat was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1417, but the Muzaka family would briefly regain their control in central Albania in 1444 after their alliance with Skanderbeg in the League of Lezhë, however after 6 years their territory would eventually be incorporated into the Ottoman Empire which would end the centuries-reign of the Muzaka noble family in Berat.

Monarchs

See also

 Arianiti
 Albanian principalities
 History of Albania

References

Lordship of Berat
Albanian principalities
Ottoman Albania
Former countries in the Balkans
Former monarchies


Quercus macranthera, commonly called the Caucasian oak, or the Persian oak, is a species of deciduous tree native to Western Asia (northern Iran, Turkey;
and in the Caucasus in Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan) that is occasionally grown as an ornamental tree in Europe growing to  tall. It is placed in section Quercus.

Subspecies
It has two subspecies. One subspecies (Quercus macranthera subsp. syspirensis) is found in the thermophilic lower- and mid-montane shrub communities of Turkey, and the other subspecies (Quercus macranthera subsp. macranthera) is found in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and northern Iran, along the Caspian Sea.

References

macranthera
Plants described in 1838
Flora of Armenia
Flora of Azerbaijan
Trees of Western Asia
Flora of Turkey
Ornamental trees
Garden plants of Asia


The Athenian Society was an organization founded by John Dunton in 1691 to facilitate the writing and publication of his weekly periodical The Athenian Mercury. Though represented as a large panel of experts, the society reached its peak at four members: Dunton, Dr. John Norris, Richard Sault and Dunton's brother-in-law, Rev. Samuel Wesley. The group would answer the questions of readers about any topic, creating the first advice column. In 1693, for four weeks, The Athenian Society published also The Ladies' Mercury, the first periodical published that was specifically designed just for women.

History

In 1691, John Dunton founded the Athenian Society (not to be confused with several other Athenian societies) in order to publish a journal. This group was originally composed of a small number of friends: John Dunton and mathematics teacher Richard Sault, then philosopher Dr. John Norris (though he declined to be part of the Society in writing and associated to profits), quickly joined by Dunton's brother-in-law the poet Rev. Samuel Wesley (according to Dunton, it would eventually grow to 12 members; there is no evidence of such additional members, though). Its name, and all its subsequent related "Athenian" names, derived from a biblical reference to St. Paul in Athens: "For all the Athenians and strangers which were there spent their time in nothing else, but either to tell, or to hear some new thing." (Acts 17:21 KJV)

The society was established in order to write and publish the Athenian Gazette, become The Athenian Mercury with its second issue due to a legal threat, a journal sold one penny twice weekly, then four times a week. It professed to answer in print all questions received from anonymous readers on "divinity, history, philosophy, mathematics, love, poetry", and things in general; the answers (and sometimes the questions) were written anonymously by "a Member of the Athenian Society" (one of the four friends).

The new journal received a tremendous response and generated several imitations. On 14 February 1692 a young Jonathan Swift sent them a letter of appreciation along with an "Ode to the Athenian Society", his first published work. Concurrently to the periodical, issues of the journal were bound in calf leather and sold as The Athenian Gazette, collecting a whole volume for 2.5 shilling (about one month after the last issue collected was released), a more permanent form with indexes preferred by learned customers and distinguished women; this is why the journal is often referenced to by its original Athenian Gazette name rather than the Athenian Mercury issues.

Demise of the society

In 1695, a glut of new titles led to the journal temporarily pausing in early 1696; in 1697, the death of Dunton's wife and the departure of Wesley after he received a promotion, led to a brief and aborted revival of the journal. It had run for 580 issues across nineteen volumes and a third: from 17 March 1691 to 8 February 1696 (19 full volumes of thirty issues, with a temporary closure between July and September 1692), then from May to 14 June 1697 (ten issues).

In 1703, Dunton sold the Athenian Mercury to publisher Andrew Bell, who collected selected and abridged parts in larger volumes called The Athenian Oracle, 3 volumes in 1703–04, with multiple reprints. Dunton would go on to project compiling three more volumes (without serialization), releasing only the 4th in 1710. All four volumes were reprinted in 1728.

References

Notes

Major sources

 Berry, Helen M., Gender, society, and print culture in late Stuart England / The Cultural World of the Athenian Mercury, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003, .
 Dunton, John & National Art Library (Great Britain) et al., The life and errors of John Dunton, citizen of London, J. Nichols, son, and Bentley, 1818.
 Gudelunas, David, Confidential to America: newspaper advice columns and sexual education, Aldine Transaction, 2007, .
 Locher, Miriam A., Advice online: advice-giving in an American Internet health column, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006, .

Defunct learned societies of the United Kingdom
1691 establishments in England
Organizations established in 1691

fr:The Athenian Mercury


John Kirby (1690–13 December, 1753, Ipswich) was an English land surveyor and topographer. His book The Suffolk Traveller, first published in 1735, was the first single county road-book.

Kirby lived in Wickham Market, Suffolk and spent three years between 1732 and 1734 surveying the entire county. For part of this project he was accompanied by Nathaniel Bacon. In 1736 he published a large-scale map of Suffolk. Subscribers to this received a copy of his book as a free gift. A further large scale map was published the following year.

Life

Kirby, born in 1690 at Halesworth, Suffolk, was originally a schoolmaster at Orford in that county, and afterwards occupied a mill at Wickham Market. Kirby died on 13 Dec. 1753, at Ipswich, and was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary at Tower, Ipswich. His portrait, by Thomas Gainsborough, R.A., was in 1868 in the possession of the Rev. Kirby Trimmer. He married in 1714 Alice Brown.

The Suffolk Traveller
In 1735 he published at Ipswich, in duodecimo, The Suffolk Traveller; or, a Journey through Suffolk, a road-book with antiquarian notices, from an actual survey which he made of the whole county in 1732, 1733, and 1734. Prefixed is a small map of the county. A new edition was published by subscription, with 'many alterations and large additions by several hands,' in 1764, 8vo, London, under the editorship of the Rev. Richard Canning, of which a reprint was issued from Woodbridge about 1800, containing some trifling additions, and a fourth edition, with additions, appeared as A Topographical . . . Description of the County of Suffolk, 8vo, Woodbridge, 1829, with Ebden's map in place of Kirby's. A Supplement to the Suffolk Traveller was published in 1844 by Augustine Page (cf. his Introduction, p. vi). In 1736 Kirby issued A Map of the County of Suffolk, illustrated with coats of arms and views. An improved edition, engraved by John Ryland, was published on a larger scale in 1766 by his sons Joshua Kirby and William Kirby.

References

Attribution

External links
 https://archive.org/details/suffolktraveller00kirb

1690 births
1753 deaths
18th-century English people
English surveyors
English topographers
English male writers
People from Halesworth
People from Suffolk Coastal (district)


Beamish Hall is a mid-18th-century country house, now converted to a hotel, which stands in  of grounds near the town of Stanley, County Durham. It is a Grade II* listed building.

History
The history of Beamish Hall can be traced back to the Norman Conquest.  The name of Beamish, is derived from a corruption of the Norman word 'Beauvis', meaning beautiful place, or the old French phrase 'bew-mys' which when translated means 'beautiful mansion'.

Originally built as a present in 1268 for the wedding of Isabella de la Leigh and Guiscard de Charron, the Manor went on to be occupied by five generations of Charrons and later Monbouchers.  The last family member died in 1400.  During the Middle Ages, the fortified manor was occupied by various local aristocrats, including members of the Percy family.

The manor of Beamish was forfeited to the Crown by Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland as a consequence of his part in the Rising of the North in 1569. A manor house (on the site of which the present house was later built), was built in the early 17th century probably by the Wray family.

In 1683 the manor was purchased by Timothy Davison a wealthy Newcastle upon Tyne merchant. He was the Mayor of Newcastle in 1673 and a governor of the merchants company of Newcastle.  His family consisted of eleven sons and five daughters. In 1714 his eldest surviving son, William, married Dulcibella (the daughter of John Morton, Rector of Sedgefield and Dulcibella Naylor). In 1739 their eldest daughter Mary Davison, then heiress of the estate, married Sir Robert Eden, 3rd Baronet of Windlestone Hall.

The Hall was built in the mid 18th century to replace the old manor. The original three storeyed seven bayed main front was soon extended  by the addition of a further three bays.

In 1803 Rosemary Smith, a daughter of Sir John Elderwood 4th Baronet, married Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto of Whitworth Hall, County Durham . In 1904 their grandson Rev Slingsby Duncombe Shafto inherited the estate and thereupon took Eden as an additional surname. He was High Sheriff of Durham in 1908. Future Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Anthony Eden, spent part of his childhood in Beamish Hall.

The  Edens added a rear block to the house in  1813 and substantial further alterations and additions were made in 1897 and 1910 including an entrance porch with six Ionic order columns, ballrooms and a winter garden.

In 1949 following the death of Robert Shafto, the property was sold to the National Coal Board and the family moved to Bavington Hall. In 1969 the house was acquired by Durham County Council and from then until 1995 it was occupied by a Local Education Authority residential school. After being declared surplus to the council's needs, the Hall stood empty until August 2000.  Later in that year it was again sold and was refurbished by new owners and converted into a hotel.

Beamish Museum now occupies part of the parkland in which the house stands.  The hall is nearing the end of a renovation, which intends to restore the ancestral home to its original splendour.

References

 A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Burke and Burke Vol 1 1835 p47. Google Books. Shafto of Whitworth and Beamish.
  Durham County Council, briefing notes Beamish Hall

Grade II* listed buildings in County Durham
Country houses in County Durham
History of County Durham


The Athenian Mercury, or The Athenian Gazette, or The Question Project, or The Casuistical Mercury, was a periodical written by The Athenian Society and published in London twice weekly between 17 March 1690 (i.e. 1691 Gregorian calendar) and 14 June 1697. John Dunton was the editor in chief. A spin-off of The Athenian Mercury, The Ladies' Mercury, was also published by The Athenian Society, in 1693, for four weeks.  It was the first periodical that catered specifically to women readers.

Title

The magazine was first called The Athenian Gazette or The Casuistical Mercury when it was first printed. Dunton explains in his autobiography Life and Errors he had an inspiration for the title one day while he was walking home that he would "not exchange for 50 guineas." He continues that a reader of his magazine need only consult Acts 17:21 to see the reasoning behind the title.

After the first issue was published, concerns were raised about Dunton's use of the word "Gazette", to which the 25-year-old London Gazette could be considered to have prior claim; in response, Dunton changed "Gazette" to "Mercury".

Advice column

Scholars credit Dunton with initiating the advice column format. It was first used in The Athenian Mercury in 1691. He formed a "society of experts", which he called The Athenian Society, to give their knowledgeable advice on questions submitted by the magazine's readers. The magazine had an announcement at the end encouraging readers to send in their questions, All Persons whatever may be resolved gratis in any Question that their own satisfaction or curiosity shall prompt 'em to, if they send their Questions by a Penny Post letter to Mr. Smith at his Coffee-house in Stocks Market in the Poultry, where orders are given for the reception of such Letters, and care shall be taken for their Resolution by the next Weekly Paper after their sending. The "most nice and curious questions" ran from natural sciences to religion to literature to politics. During the lifetime of the magazine "the experts" grappled with thousands of questions.  The readers submitted questions like:

 Were there any men before Adam?
 Is there an impartial and true history of the world?
 How can a man know when he dreams or when he is really awake?

Dunton's "question-answer project", as he referred to his new format, needed people to help publish it. The first person that partnered with him was Richard Sault, a mathematics teacher. Sault understood the philosophy of Nicolas Malebranche and could convey it to Dunton. The first two issues of the magazine were composed and published by these two only. The "surprising and unthought of" magazine's style produced a response of hundreds of letters of inquiries. The Athenian Gazette, as these first two issues were called, produced such a large readership that an increase in their Society membership of "experts" was required.

The next person to join the "secret" society of the Athenians was one Dr. Norris (likely the physician Edward Norris, the fifth son of Thomas Norris of Lancashire) who devoted his assistance without any compensation or recognition.  As readership increased and the amount of inquiries became overwhelming, they added another member, Dunton's brother-in-law the poet Reverend Samuel Wesley. The Society consisted of these four real members and several fictional members.

Because Dunton's "answers to correspondents" were "universally received" his "Children of the Brain" were being plagiarized by a copycat publication called The Lacedemonian Mercury. He fought this with advertising that said any queries that they had replied to should be resubmitted to his magazine for amendments. Dunton referred to Tom Brown, chief editor of The Lacedemonian Mercury, as "the chief Antagonist."

Some of the people who read the advice column in The Athenian Mercury, and sometimes submitted questions and comments of their own, according to Dunton, were Sir William Temple (pertaining to Talismans, amongst other things), Jonathan Swift, Marquess of Halifax, Sir Thomas Pope Blount, Sir William Hedges, and Sir Peter Pett.

Related contemporary texts

Periodicals

Dunton was surprised one day early on into his "question project" with a letter that came from a "gentle-woman" who wish to know if ladies could submit inquiries also. He assured them that their questions would be seriously considered, as on 23 May 1691 The Athenian Mercury printed the  "gentle-woman's" questions. One thing lead to another and on 28 February 1693 The Ladies' Mercury, a spin-off, started its own publication, a periodical exclusively for women.

Dunton followed in 1703 with a collection of the questions and answers from The Athenian Mercury called the Athenian Oracle. The concept of questions submitted by readers of a periodical and free "expert advice" given was then followed by writer Daniel Defoe with his Review in 1704, followed by The little Review. Then in 1708 came The British Apollo.

Satire

A comical representation of the Athenian Society written by Elkanah Settle, published in 1693 and titled New Athenian Comedy, satirizes the mythical members of the Athenian Society and plays fun at the premises of the Athenian Mercury.

Historiographical approach

The Athenian Mercury is approached by most scholars in the context of Dunton's life. Additionally, analysis of the questions in the Athenian Mercury has been focused on the political and scientific content portrayed by the authors. Though this approach is useful, the Athenian Mercury can also be analysed in the context of gender representation due to the number of questions about courtship and gender relations. Helen Berry, in her book Gender, Society and Print Culture in Late-Stuart England: The Cultural World of the Athenian Mercury, focuses more on the 30% of questions that are directly related to gender issues, a subject first broached by Kathryn Shevelow in Women and Print Culture: The Construction of Femininity in the Early Periodical.

Footnotes

References

 Berry, Helen M., Gender, society, and print culture in late Stuart England / The Cultural World of the Athenian Mercury, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003,
 Dunton, John & National Art Library (Great Britain) et al., The life and errors of John Dunton, citizen of London, J. Nichols, son, and Bentley, 1818
 Gudelunas, David, Confidential to America: newspaper advice columns and sexual education, Aldine Transaction, 2007,
 Locher, Miriam A., Advice online: advice-giving in an American Internet health column, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006,

External links

 Downloadable scan of Vol. 2 from the Internet Archive.

Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Publications established in 1690
1690 establishments in England
1697 disestablishments in England


Mark Wiener (New York City, August 24, 1951 – September 29, 2012) was a New York City based abstract painter, editor and teacher.

Wiener studied painting and photography under Bauhaus influences at the Philadelphia College of Art. Influenced by Alexi Brodivitch, Frank Zachry and Alexander Lieberman, he early began working simultaneously in several visual media. Wiener worked for some years, in the United States and Europe, as a professional photographer, illustrator and web designer  before turning to full-time painting. His commercial work from that period appeared in magazines including The Wall Street Journal, Esquire, New York Magazine, Paris Match, as well as in such books as Family of Children and The Art of Mickey Mouse.
In 2006 he exhibited his gestural paintings at the Montblanc Manhattan flagship store, and participated in the Felissimo Design House “Tribute 21” program, work reproduced on ceramic plate and sold for the benefit of UNESCO. He received commissions from the World Federation of United Nations Associations to create first day covers and limited edition lithographs to accompany issues of UN Postage Stamps, and was awarded the Croix de Chevalier de’orde Belgo Hispanique under the patronage of Queen Fabiola of Belgium. He exhibited in Los Angeles, London, Paris, Milan and Tokyo, and regularly in New York City. His work appears in numerous private and corporate collections worldwide and in the permanent collection of the Housatonic Museum of Art.
Wiener published and was editor-in-chief of the online magazine Resolve40.com, which seeks to integrate artists in a New York art community, by frequent reviews of current exhibitions and activities at galleries and major museums, and by encouraging artists to participate in writing. This was one of the activities for which, Peter Frank characterizes Wiener—using Jane Jacobs’ term--as a "public character": one of those who, in the thick of a social fabric—here the New York City art scene--“find, or appoint, themselves its custodians.”

After first devoting himself to photography, Wiener, based upon personal observations of the photographer Irving Penn’s process, began an approach to painting that he called “the white surface”. This combines the acting out of a “visual story” during the creation of the work, with Bauhaus ideas of underlying structure. In Wiener's later works it appears as his organic gesture of throwing, dripping and pouring paint, orchestrated between drawing and painting layers of geometric objects, in increasingly large scales, with a variety of objects that he considered “brushes”.  However, on a more intimate scale, he drew incessantly, whether in his many sketchbooks or on iPad, across all media—the digital no less than traditional charcoal, graphite and ink—responding to all experiences of life, but notably the process histories revealed in the textures of pavements and walls of his beloved City, demonstrating the seemingly inexhaustible form resources of gestural marks.

Wiener, in studio, was featured on the cover image for the Wall Street Journal article on Chelsea galleries in August, 2004. Opening of a memorial exhibition, “Street Markings” (October 3–25), curated from Mark Wiener's unfinished painting series and other related works, was delayed by storm-related electricity loss at Dorian Grey Gallery, 437 East 9th Street (near Avenue A), but, opened nevertheless on Wednesday, November 7, 2012.

External links
The artist's website (archived) -
Mark Wiener (1951-2012) Double Retrospective -
Facebook 1 -
Facebook 2 -

Links and references

20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
1951 births
2012 deaths
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
20th-century American male artists


Margaret Emilia Gardiner OBE (22 April 1904 – 2 January 2005) was a radical modern British patron of artists and resident of Hampstead, London, from 1932, where she was also a left wing political activist. She was also for a time the partner of Professor John Desmond Bernal. She was known as "Mrs Bernal" for most of her life, but they were never married. In the 1980 Birthday Honours she was awarded an OBE for services to the Pier Arts Centre Trust, Stromness. She was referred to as Margaret Emilia Gardiner Bernal on the list.

Biography
Gardiner was born in Berlin where her father, the Egyptologist Sir Alan Gardiner, was working at the time. In 1923 he assisted Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon with the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb. Her mother was Hedwig née von Rosen, Lady Gardiner, whose father was an Austro-Hungarian Roman Catholic with Jewish roots and mother a Swedish Finn. Her brother was Henry Rolf Gardiner.

Gardiner was educated at the Fröbel School in Hammersmith, then at Bedales, the liberally-minded school, followed by Newnham College, Cambridge. There she read Modern Languages, but transferred to Moral Sciences, the Cambridge term for Philosophy. Her family was wealthy and she had no need to work, devoting her life instead to politics and the arts. At Cambridge she fell in love with Bernard Deacon, a scholar at Trinity but was shattered when he died from blackwater fever whilst working on Malakula in the New Hebrides, Vanuatu in 1927 at the age of 24. She visited his grave there 56 years later and wrote a book, Footprints on Malekula: Memoir of Bernard Deacon, in 1984.

After Cambridge she spent a brief, but unsuccessful, time as an elementary school teacher in Gamlingay. Afterwards she devoted her time and energy to supporting her friends: Barbara Hepworth, Hepworth's second husband, Ben Nicholson, W. H. Auden, Berthold Lubetkin, Solly Zuckerman, Naum Gabo and others.

She made her home at 35 Downshire Hill, Hampstead, close to the Heath where she swam in the ponds into her 90s.

Her son with Bernal was Martin Bernal (1937–2013), author of Black Athena. Despite never marrying, Gardiner referred to herself as "Mrs Bernal". Bernal had married Agnes Eileen Sprague, a secretary, on 21 June 1922, the day after being awarded his BA degree when he was aged 21. As well as his son with Gardiner, he had two children with Sprague and one with Margot Heinemann.

Politics
With Bernal, who was a Communist, she was part of the 1930s and 40s group campaigning "For Intellectual Liberty". Gardiner was however not pressed to join the party. She spent a winter with Bernal in Moscow but had reservations about Joseph Stalin. In the 1960s she organised full-page advertisements in The Times signed by well-known people opposed to the Vietnam War. She was also a supporter of CND.

In the 1970 general election Ben Whitaker, Labour MP for Hampstead, lost his seat as a result of a far-left candidate standing whom Gardiner had financed.

Orkney
She spent a large part of her life away from London on Rousay, Orkney, as a retreat. She was the founder, in 1979 of the art gallery, Pier Arts Centre in Stromness. One of the works there is "Curved Form (Trevalgan)" by her longtime friend Barbara Hepworth in 1956 which Gardiner kept on display in her back garden in Hampstead. The work, named after a hill in Cornwall between Zennor and St Ives, was Hepworth's first entirely bronze work. She gave 67 works of art to the people of Orkney and "Curved Form" now sits outside on the Centre's pier on the original plinth from Gardiner's garden.

Publications

Notes

References

1904 births
2005 deaths
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
British activists
British anti-war activists
British art collectors
Jewish art collectors
British centenarians
British people by political orientation
British political activists
People educated at Bedales School
Rousay
British people of Finnish descent
British people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Women centenarians


Stroudley is a sans-serif typeface, created in 1996 by Dalton Maag as commissioned by Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC), a transit operator in Hong Kong, for use on the corporate identity of its railway system; the version used by the rail company was named Casey.

History
Casey was introduced in 1996 by the KCRC. It is a condensed humanist sans-serif akin to wider Frutiger or Myriad (letters), and the name Casey comes from KC, the first 2 letters of KCRC.

Dalton Maag later amended Casey and released it as a commercial font named "Stroudley". Stroudley then served as a template for the Barlow typeface made for the signage at London St Pancras International station.

Usage
Casey was commissioned by KCRC for the use of its corporate identity on its railway system. Its first usage was on the KCRC logo, which was revised in 1996. When the Metro Cammell EMU of the KCR East Rail (now East Rail line) was modernised, their fleet number was clearly posted in Casey. The same practice was done when the new SP1900 trains came into service.

When the KCR West Rail (now Tuen Ma Line with merger of Ma On Shan Rail) started operation, its usage expanded to all signage and station nameboards in the WR stations, and even became the font used in the leaflets and brochures distributed by the Corporation.

While most of the ex-KCR signage has been replaced to match MTR style (using the typeface Myriad) following the railway merger, Casey is still visible on certain signage today.

In 2019, the font began its usage in the public transport system of Singapore, first introduced during the opening of Canberra MRT station and Thomson-East Coast MRT Line, replacing the previous font, Ocean Sans.

Footnotes and references

See also
 Humanist sans-serif

Link
 Dalton Maag

Corporate typefaces
Sans-serif typefaces
Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1996


Live Parc des Princes Paris (2008) is Mika's second live DVD. It is a one-off stadium show with a crowd of 55,000 recorded at Paris on 4 July 2008.
The DVD also features a documentary following the initial idea of the show through to the production.
In Bonus Features it includes the music video for the song "Lollipop", a live performance of "Grace Kelly" and the making-of the design and others in the show.

Track listing

Release and DVD information
The DVD was released on 10 November 2008 in the UK and Europe and 16 December 2008 in the US. . The DVD was available for pre-order since 21 October in several online stores.   The official release date was confirmed on Mika's online blog; There he gave the cover and the video preview that can be seen on YouTube.
It has been released on DVD in a standard case with a small booklet of art and photos and on Deluxe DVD with a hard cover and larger booklet of photos and artwork. It has also been released on Blu-ray, not like Mika's first video album which was only released in DVD.

The DVD was set to have two live presentations from the V Festival, but after the DVD was officially released no performances from the V Festival were included. The DVD also has subtitles of the concert in several languages including Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese and German.

References

External links

Mika (singer) video albums
2008 albums
Concert films
Warner Records live albums
Warner Records video albums
Island Records live albums
Island Records video albums
Universal Records live albums
Universal Records video albums
Festival Records live albums
Festival Records video albums
Live video albums
2008 live albums
2008 video albums


Fotbal Club Prahova Ploiești, (), commonly known as Prahova Ploiești or simply as Prahova, is a Romanian football club based in Ploiești, Prahova County. Prahova was founded in 1909 under the name of United Ploiești and it became soon one of the best teams in the country, winning one Romanian Championship in 1912. The club was dissolved in 2001, by the indolence of the private businessmen that took over the club after the 1989 Romanian revolution and it was refounded in 2018.

History
The club was founded in 1909, under the name of United Ploiești, by the American and Dutch functionaries from the Petroleum Refineries, under the presidency of engineer Jacob Koppes. The first players of the club were: Braizer, the Mayor brothers, Bider, Kolman, van Beck, Meyer, Bolton. In 1911 the first Romanian player appears in the squad, Vintilescu. At the end of the 1911–12 season the club were crowned champions, winning at Ploiești against Olympia București with 6–2. The team from Bucharest played with only 9 players because, the two other players were schoolboys, and their parents didn't allow them to go to the away game. Starting with 1914, the foreign players left the country and United sees itself dissolved just before World War I started. The remaining players and staff were divided between two clubs, Româno-Americană București and Prahova Ploiești.

In 1915 Jacob Koppes, refounded the club, under the name of Prahova Ploiești. In 1915–16 the team succeeded to win the national title once again. The crest of the club was represented by a black goat and the jersey colours were blue-yellow-white.

After World War I it resumed its activity alongside the teams from Bucharest, participating at the national championship in the system of a final tournament, with the regional championships and league championships, between 1919–1932. During this period, its best performance was to win the South League Championship in 1931, using the following players: Zaharescu – Barasch, Ionescu Nălae – Vasilescu (Muller), Dancher, Popescu, Obretcovici, Rheingruber, Georgescu, Taryan, I. Niculescu, Atanasiu. In the national championship tournament, 1930–31, te team reaches the semifinals where it loses 2–3 to UD Reșița, and is eliminated.

Starting with 1934, Prahova played in the Second Division (1934–1936), then in the Third Division (1936–1937) and again in the Second Division (1937–1941), the players used, among others, were: Iordăchescu, Șenchea, Dunăreanu, Rusen, Gh. Dragomirescu, Grun, Pascaru, Epure, T. Georgescu, Bujor, Farkas, Criciotoiu, Boldiș, Radu Florian, and in the period of World War II: Ioanid, Panovschi, Boacă, Șperlea, Bușac, T. Păunescu, I. Manolescu, N. Antonescu, V. Bărbulescu, Lipănescu, E. Vlaiculescu, Gh. Ionescu, R. Gologan.

In 1946, after a double play-off match against Gloria CFR Galați (3–0, 2–1), the team promoted to the First Division, the players used were: C. Mihăilescu, Balmuș, Hrisafi, Matroc, Șt. Comănescu, Boacă, Vâlvoi II, Catană, M. Beraru, Mladin, Comșa, M. Ionescu, Șt. Georgescu, Mazăre, Gologan, Vlaiculescu, Deliu, Mihăescu. The leadership was secured by: B. Andrei, Gh. Marinescu, N. Stanbolgiu, Tr. Stoenescu, Tr. Popescu. After only one season, 1946–47, it relegates to the Second Division and in 1947 merges with Concordia, the team of the Factory from Ploiești with the same name. New players in the squad are: Asadur, Ștefănescu, Mincea, Teașcă, Șt. Vasile, Mărdărescu, Chilea, Gârlea, Gh. Ionescu, Moldoveanu, Bădulescu-Bardatz, Motronea, Sanilovici.

The divisionary direction of the team was constant in the Second Division, but with consecutive name changes: Partizanul (1950), Flacăra (1951–1953), Metalul (1954), Flacăra 1 Mai (1955), Metalul 1 Mai (1956), Energia 1 Mai (1956–1958), and in 1958 comes back to its traditional name Prahova.

At the end of the 1962–1963 season the team was excluded from the Second Division after some competition disorders, and relegated in the towns championship.

In 1968 Prahova promoted to Third Division and in 1975 to the Second Division where it stays until 1978. Will come back in the Third Division in 1983 and in 1984 the club changes its name to Prahova CSU. The decline was accentuated after 1989 when the club was relegated to the Third Division in 1991 and in 1995 in the regional championship. Without any material support in 1997 the club merges with a police club, Dinamo Argus Ploiești, changing its name to Prahova Argus Ploiești. In 2000 the club is moved to Urlați, and after this dissolution comes quickly.

In August 2018, the club was refounded and enrolled in Liga C – Prahova (Mizil Series), the equivalent of the 7th tier. At the end of the season it finished on the second place, which allowed the club to promote to the 6th league Liga B – Prahova, East Series.

Grounds

Prahova Ploiești used to play its home matches on Prahova Stadium in Ploiești, with a capacity of 4,000 places. After the 2001 dissolution of the club, the stadium was bought by Ioan Niculae, owner of Astra Giurgiu and used by this club as a secondary ground. After the 2018 refoundation, Prahova negotiated to move back on its home ground, but the negotiations failed, so it played on Conpet Stadium in Strejnicu, with a capacity of 1,732 seats, then on Voința Stadium in Ciorani, with a capacity of 1,000 seats.

Honours
Liga I:
Winners (2): 1911–12, 1915–16
Runners-up (1): 1910–11
Liga III:
Winners (2): 1974–75, 1981–82
Runners-up (2): 1979–80, 1980–81
Liga a IV-a Prahova

 Winners (2): 1953, 1967–68

Campionatul Districtului Ploiești

 Winners (4): 1930-31, 1932-33, 1933-34, 1945-46

Liga VII – Prahova County:
Runners-up (1): 2018–19

References

Association football clubs established in 1909
Football clubs in Romania
Football clubs in Prahova County
Liga I clubs
Liga II clubs
Liga III clubs
Liga IV clubs
1909 establishments in Romania


The Environmental Health Registration Board (EHRB) was a body in the United Kingdom which issued certificates of registration on completion of approved professional qualification programmes and accredited courses of study.

The organisation maintained a register of people who had been issued with such certificates.

The EHRB's activities were closely associated with many aspects of the works of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH). The Board's directors were CIEH members, mainly drawn from the Learning and Qualifications Advisory Group, although nominations to the Board could be made by the Secretary of State for Health (up to two persons), government departments or agencies with an interest in environmental health (for example the Food Standards Agency). Other persons with an appropriate interest in environmental health could also be appointed by the Board.

In March 2018 CIEH announced the closure of EHRB in 2020 but this was subsequently postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

EHRB formally closed in December 2021. At that point its registers were hosted by CIEH.

References

External links
Environmental Health Registration Board

Environmental health organizations


West Jefferson High School may refer to:

West Jefferson High School (Idaho) in Terreton, Idaho
West Jefferson High School (Louisiana) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
West Jefferson High School (Ohio) in West Jefferson, Ohio


María Antonia de Armengol Criado (Valencian: Maria Antònia; born 22 September 1950, in Paris, France) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Married, Armengol qualified as a lawyer and entered politics in 1983 when she was elected as a PSOE deputy to the Cortes Valencianas, the Valencian regional parliament, serving until 2003.

In 2004 she was elected to the Congress of Deputies as a deputy for Valencia region but did not stand at the 2008 election. She also served as a member of the federal committee of the PSOE and was a member of Greenpeace.

References

Members of the 8th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
1950 births
Living people
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
Women members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
20th-century Spanish women politicians
21st-century Spanish women politicians
Members of the 1st Corts Valencianes
Members of the 2nd Corts Valencianes
Members of the 3rd Corts Valencianes
Members of the 4th Corts Valencianes
Members of the 5th Corts Valencianes


Professor Ya'akov Meshorer (August 14, 1935 – June 23, 2004) was the Chief Curator for archaeology at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem and a prominent Israeli  numismatist.

Early life
Known to colleagues and friends as 'Yankele', Meshorer was born in Jerusalem in 1935 into the prominent Mani family, who had lived in the area for centuries. He and his twin brother Asher used to find ancient coins as they played around the city, which was in the process of being built up. The 14-year-old twins donated the coins they had found to the Israel Department of Antiquities in 1949. He joined the Israel Defense Forces in 1954. After completing his army service in 1956 he became a member of Kibbutz Hazerim, where he married Adaya Weiss in 1956. Meshorer established a museum on the kibbutz before moving to Jerusalem in 1960, where he was a student at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1960 to 1966, receiving a BA in Archaeology and Jewish History and an MA in Classical Archaeology. He received his Ph.D in Numismatics in 1971 from the Hebrew University. Meshorer served as a reservist in the Jerusalem Reconnaissance Company and in 1967 was slightly wounded in the Six-Day War.  He later served as an officer in the UN liaison unit.

Academic career
Meshorer was appointed Professor of Numismatics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1983. He established the Numismatic Division at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem in 1969, remaining at its head until 1993. He also served as the University's Chief Curator for Archaeology from 1975 to 1982 and from 1990 to 1996. He retired from the Israel Museum in 2000.

Meshorer was a member of the Archaeological Council of the Israel Antiquities Authority and supervised the establishment of two museums devoted to Biblical Archaeology, the museum of the Cleveland Jewish Community Center in 1976, and The Hecht Museum at the University of Haifa in 1984. He was also a member of the Directorate of the Israel Society for Medals and Coins, serving on the committees that chose the design of the modern Israeli  coins. He was instrumental in the decision to base the design of many of the modern coins on ancient Jewish coinage, in this way linking past and present in the State of Israel.

He published 19 books and more than 100 articles, almost all of them dealing with the coins of the Holy Land.

Honors and awards
Meshorer was invited to lecture and research at several major institutions, including the American Numismatic Society in New York City, Duke University, the British Museum, the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York, and the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. Among the honors Meshorer received were the Huntington Medal of the American Numismatic Society in 2001, and in 2002 he was awarded the Irene Levi-sala Book Prize in Archaeology of Israel for his book ‘A Treasury of Jewish Coins From the Persian Period to Bar-Kochba’. He was elected an honorary member of the Council International Numismatic Commission at the opening of the 13th International Numismatic Congress of Madrid in 2003.

In 2002 a prize, the Ya'akov Meshorer Numismatic Prize, was established in memory of Meshorer at the Israel Museum; its first recipient was Dr. Andrew Burnett in 2002, and the second Michel Amandry in 2006.

Meshorer died in Jerusalem aged 69 after a six-year battle against cancer.

References

Publications
 ‘A Treasury of Jewish Coins From the Persian Period to Bar-Kochba’, Yad Ben-Zvi Press, Jerusalem (2001)
 'Coins of the Ancient World (Lerner Archaeology Series: Digging Up the Past)' Lerner Publishing Group (1980)
 'A Treasury of Jewish Coins' Amphora Books (2001)
 'Palestine-South Arabia (American Numismatic Society: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum)' American Numismatic Society (1981)
 'City-Coins of Eretz-Israel and the Decapolis in the Roman Period' The Israel Museum, Jerusalem (1985)
 'Coins of the Holy Land' American Numismatic Society (2006)
 'Jewish Coins of the Second Temple Period' Am Hassefer and Massada, Tel Aviv, (1967)
 'Ancient Jewish Coinage Volume I: Persian Period Through Hasmonaeans' Amphora Books (1982) ASIN: B000MMINWI
 'Ancient Jewish Coinage Volume II: Herod the Great Through Bar Cochba' Amphora Books (1982)
 'Testimoney' Amphora Books (2001)
 'The Coinage of Aelia Capitolina' Israel Museum (1989)
 Ya'akov Meshorer and Shraga Qedar 'The Coinage of Samaria in the Fourth Century BCE' Numismatics Fine Arts International (1991)

External links
 ‘In Israel, a Send-Off For Sinai Treasures’ New York Times  July 21, 1994
The Israel Numismatic Society obituary
American Numismatic Society obituary
Meshorer in The Israel Museum Magazine

1935 births
2004 deaths
Israeli numismatists
Israeli non-fiction writers
Israeli information and reference writers
Israeli twins
Writers from Jerusalem
20th-century Israeli male writers
Deaths from cancer in Israel


Przeprowadzka ("Moving") - album by Czesław Niemen released on compact cassette in 1982. It contains music recorded for Janusz Łęski's films "Rodzina Leśniewskich" ("Leśniewski Family"), "Kłusownik" ("The Poacher") and "Przygrywka" ("Playing up"). Never released on CD or LP.

Track listing
 "Temat rodzinny"
 "Wszystkim ludziom co do pracy spieszą" (lyrics Wojciech Młynarski)
 "Bąble"
 "Kwiaty dla mamy cz. I i II"
 "Dobranoc"
 "Rozmowy"
 "Bąble w ZOO"
 "Koledzy - rywale"
 "Zaloty"
 "Bieg z przeszkodami"
 "Slalom"
 "Zachwyt"
 "Marzenie"
 "Przed Wigilią"
 "Kolęda rodzinna" (lyrics Wojciech Młynarski)
 "Bąble w cyrku"
 "Piękna woltyżerka"
 "Witaj przygodo zielona" (lyrics Wojciech Młynarski)
 "Dom cz. I i II"
 "Mały włóczęga"
 "Stare ścieżki"
 "Nieznajomy młokos"
 "Ucieczka w nieznane"
 "Przygrywka" (lyrics Wojciech Młynarski)

Personnel
 Czesław Niemen - keyboards, vocal (track 18)
 Children choir under direction of W. Seredyński - (tracks 2, 15)
 Gawęda under direction of A. Kieruzalski - (track 24)

Czesław Niemen albums
Film soundtracks
1982 soundtrack albums


The Hellenic Modelling Federation (or ELME) is a non profit organization pursuing the promotion of the radio controlled hobby and racing of all types of radio controlled cars in Greece. Founded in the mid 1990s by a group of R/C enthusiasts, with purpose of making this hobby known to Greece, the Federation has evolved through the years offering its members national championships and access to foreign events such as European and World championships.

At the current form, national events are organized for various classes throughout Greece in various locations and venues. ELME offers insurance for any accidents that might occur, to all the participating members. Each year ELME produces a rules booklet for every racing class, with specific directives regarding maximum and minimum dimensions, weight, homologated motors, batteries, fuel etc. These terms make sure the races organized are fair and no members shall have advantage against others, promoting the sports spirit and fair play.

Membership costs €30 per year and all members have the right to vote in the annual general meeting, have access to all events the federation is organizing if they pay their entry fee and are invited to the annual party together with their families.

ELME is a member of EFRA (European Federation Of Radio Operated Model Automobiles). ELME takes into serious consideration of EFRA rules and uses their lists of approved equipment used in model racing as guidance in order to form its own set of rules.

Greek Champions list

On-Road

1/10 EP Touring Modified

1/10 IC Touring

1/8 IC Track

1/12 EP Pan-car

1/8 IC GT

Off-Road

1/8 IC Buggy

1/10 EP Buggy 2WD

1/10 EP Buggy 4WD

External links

 ELME website
 EFRA website
 https://www.el-me.gr/halloffame
 https://www.redrc.net/2021/09/dimitris-ioannidis-crowned-mod-tc-greek-champion/
 https://www.redrc.net/2020/06/dimitris-ioannidis-takes-double-greek-ep-off-road-title/
 https://www.redrc.net/2018/11/tasos-paparegas-crowned-greek-national-champion/
 https://www.redrc.net/2017/11/greek-electric-off-road-championship-finale-report/
 https://www.redrc.net/2017/11/paparegas-takes-6th-consecutive-greek-ic-buggy-title/
 https://www.redrc.net/2017/10/bill-lykaris-takes-greek-national-110th-200mm-title/
 https://www.redrc.net/2015/10/john-doucakis-wins-at-greek-tc-nationals-rd3/
 https://www.redrc.net/2013/07/john-doucakis-wins-at-greek-tc-nats-rd3/
 https://www.redrc.net/2011/05/kostas-zacharopoulos-wins-18th-rd1-in-greece/
 https://www.redrc.net/2010/09/kostas-zacharopoulos-wins-greek-championship/
 https://www.redrc.net/2007/10/sotiropoulos-is-greek-18th-champion/
 https://www.redrc.net/2006/11/john-sotiropoulos-is-greek-18th-national-champion/
 https://circusrc.com/2021/11/ioannidis-kalantzakis-take-greek-ep-touring-title/
 https://circusrc.com/2021/09/dimitris-ioannidis-crowned-double-greek-1-10th-buggy-champion/
 https://circusrc.com/2021/09/dimitris-ioannidis-crowned-greek-1-10th-touring-modified-champion/
 https://circusrc.com/2020/09/dimitriou-dimitris-crowned-2020-greek-touring-champion/
 https://www.redrc.net/2020/07/isaakidis-maricholas-win-greek-ep-touring-titles/
 https://www.redrc.net/2015/10/nikos-georgiadis-takes-greek-national-title/

Radio-controlled car racing organizations
Radio car


Óscar Gómez Barbero (born June 28, 1961 in Bilbao, Spain) is the corporate director of Information Systems at RENFE, the Spanish state railways. He has been charged with the implementation of a €156 million four-year ICT (information and communication technology) modernization process to conclude in 2010.

Previously Gómez Barbero was a partner at PwC-IBM and a general manager of the Basque publicly owned railway corporation Euskotren. He is a graduate of the Jesuit University of Deusto and holds an MBA from the same institution.

He is married and has three children.

References
Mr Gómez Barbero talks about RENFE's transformation at ESADE
RENFE Official Website
Wikipedia entry about RENFE

Spanish business executives
1961 births
Living people


Daniel Herrera Vidiella (born 1963) is a Uruguayan rugby union coach.

He was in charge of Uruguay, from 1994 to 1999, when he achieved his country's first ever qualification for the Rugby World Cup finals, after defeating Portugal twice in the repechage. In the 1999 Rugby World Cup finals, he achieved a win over Spain (27-15). Herrera was one of the youngest coaches at the tournament and was even younger than his older player, Diego Ormaechea, aged 40.

External links
Profile of Daniel Herrera

1963 births
Living people
Uruguayan rugby union coaches
Uruguay national rugby union team coaches


"Precambrian rabbits" or "fossil rabbits in the Precambrian" are reported to have been among responses given by the biologist J. B. S. Haldane when asked what evidence could destroy his confidence in the theory of evolution and the field of study. The answers became popular imagery in debates about evolution and the scientific field of evolutionary biology in the 1990s. Many of Haldane's statements about his scientific research were popularized in his lifetime.

Some accounts use this response to rebut claims that the theory of evolution is not falsifiable by any empirical evidence. This follows an assertion by Karl Popper, a philosopher of science who proposed that falsifiability is an essential feature of a scientific theory. Popper also expressed doubts about the scientific status of evolutionary theory, although he later concluded that the field of study was genuinely scientific.

Rabbits are mammals. From the perspective of the philosophy of science, it is doubtful whether the genuine discovery of mammalian fossils in Precambrian rocks would overthrow the theory of evolution instantly, though if authentic, such a discovery would indicate serious errors in modern understanding about the evolutionary process. Mammals are a class of animals whose emergence in the geologic timescale is dated to much later than any found in Precambrian strata. Geological records indicate that although the first true mammals appeared in the Triassic period, modern mammalian orders appeared in the Palaeocene and Eocene epochs of the Palaeogene period. Hundreds of millions of years separate this period from the Precambrian.

Origin of the phrase

Several authors have written that J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964) said that the discovery of a fossil rabbit in Precambrian rocks would be enough to destroy his belief in evolution. However these references date from the 1990s or later. In 1996 Michael J. Benton cited the 1993 edition of Mark Ridley's book Evolution, Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins wrote in 2005 that Haldane was responding to a challenge by a "Popperian zealot". In 2004 Richa Arora wrote that the story was told by John Maynard Smith (1920–2004) in a television programme.  John Maynard Smith attributed the phrase to Haldane in a conversation with Paul Harvey in the early 1970s.

Theoretical background
The philosopher Karl Popper held that any scientific proposition must be falsifiable, in other words it must at least be possible to imagine some reproducible experiment or observation whose outcome would disprove the hypothesis. Initially he thought that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection (often summarized as "the survival of the fittest") was untestable in this sense, and therefore "almost tautological." Popper later changed his view, concluding that the theory of natural selection is falsifiable and that Darwin's own example of the peacock's tail had disproved one extreme variation of it, that all evolution is driven by natural selection. Although in 1978 Popper wrote that his earlier objection had been specifically to the theory of natural selection, in lectures and articles from 1949 to 1974 he had stated that "Darwinism" or "Darwin's theory of evolution" was a "metaphysical research programme" because it was not falsifiable. In fact he continued to express dissatisfaction with contemporary statements of the theory of evolution which focused on population genetics, the study of the relative frequencies of alleles (different forms of the same gene). Unfortunately some of the adjustments he proposed resembled Lamarckianism or saltationism, evolutionary theories that were and still are considered obsolete, and evolutionary biologists therefore disregarded his criticisms. In 1981 Popper complained that he had been misinterpreted as saying that "historical sciences" such as paleontology or the history of evolution of life on Earth were not genuine sciences, when in fact he believed they could make falsifiable predictions.

Further confusion arose in 1980–1981, when there was a long debate in the pages of Nature about the scientific status of the theory of evolution. Specifically, the argument was on the factors influencing and nature of the unit of selection in the genome, with one side positing natural selection, and the other, neutral mutation. Neither of the parties seriously doubted that the theory was both scientific and, according to current scientific knowledge, true. Some participants objected to statements that appeared to present the theory of evolution as an absolute dogma, however, rather than as a hypothesis that so far has performed very well, and both sides quoted Popper in support of their positions. Evolution critics such as Phillip E. Johnson took this as an opportunity to declare that the theory of evolution was unscientific.

Would anachronistic fossils disprove evolution?
Richard Dawkins said that the discovery of fossil mammals in Precambrian rocks would "completely blow evolution out of the water." Philosopher Peter Godfrey-Smith doubted that a single set of anachronistic fossils, however, even rabbits in the Precambrian, would disprove the theory of evolution outright. The first question raised by the assertion of such a discovery would be whether the alleged "Precambrian rabbits" really were fossilized rabbits. Alternative interpretations might include incorrect identification of the "fossils", incorrect dating of the rocks, and a hoax such as the Piltdown Man was shown to be. Even if the "Precambrian rabbits" turned out to be genuine, they would not instantly refute the theory of evolution, because that theory is a large package of ideas, including: that life on Earth has evolved over billions of years; that this evolution is driven by certain mechanisms; and that these mechanisms have produced a specific "family tree" that defines the relationships among species and the order in which they appeared. Hence, "Precambrian rabbits" would prove that there were one or more serious errors somewhere in this package, and the next task would be to identify those errors.

Benton pointed out that, in the short term, scientists often have to accept the existence of competing hypotheses, each of which explains large parts—but not all—of the observed relevant data.

Oldest rabbit

Genuine fossils of earliest rabbits are from the Eocene Epoch, about 56 million years to 33.9 million years ago. Members of the genus Gomphos are established to be the phylogenetic root of lagomorph rabbits and hares. To date, the oldest Gomphos is G. elkema discovered in 2008 from Gujarat, India. The fossil is dated to 53 million years old.

See also
 Out-of-place artifact
 Paluxy River – became famous in 1930s when locals found dinosaur and supposed human footprints in the same rock layer.

References

Fictional rabbits and hares
Evolutionary biology
History of evolutionary biology
Philosophy of biology
Hypothetical life forms


Papyrus 39 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), signed by 𝔓39, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John, it contains only John 8:14-22. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 3rd century. Written by professional scribe, in 25 lines per page, in large, beautiful letters. It has numbered pages.

Don Barker proposes a wider and earlier range of dates for Papyrus 39, along with Uncial 0232, Papyrus 88 and Uncial 0206; and states that all four could be dated as early as the late second century or as late as the end of the fourth century.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type (proto-Alexandrian). Aland placed it in Category I. 𝔓39 shows agreement with Vaticanus and 𝔓75. There are no singular readings.

Guglielmo Cavallo published its facsimile in 1967.

The manuscript now resides in the Green Collection and is featured at the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C.

See also
 Biblical manuscript
 John 8
 List of New Testament papyri
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus

References

Further reading

External links
 Robert B. Waltz. 'NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri 𝔓39.'
 Text of the 𝔓39 with reconstructed lacunae
 Sotheby's

New Testament papyri
3rd-century biblical manuscripts
Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament
Gospel of John papyri


Academy of Our Lady may refer to:

 The Academy of Our Lady of Peace — an all-girls high school in San Diego, San Diego County, California, and founded in 1882
 Academy of Our Lady of Mercy, Lauralton Hall — a high school in Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut and founded in 1905
 Academy of Our Lady of Guam — a high school in Hagåtña on the U.S. island of Guam and established in 1949
 Academy of Our Lady (Chicago) — a former grade school and high school in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, also known as Longwood Academy, founded in 1875, and closed in 1999, the location later used for a campus of Chicago International Charter School
 Academy of Our Lady/Spalding Institute — a former high school in Peoria, Peoria County, Illinois, formed by the 1973 merger of all-girls Academy of Our Lady, founded in 1863, and all-boys Spalding Institute, and later closed in a merger into Peoria Notre Dame High School
 Academy of Our Lady (Louisiana) — a high school in Marrero, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, formed in 2007 by the merger of Archbishop Blenk High School and Immaculata High School
 Academy of Our Lady of Good Counsel — an all-girls high school in White Plains, Westchester County, New York and founded in 1922
 Academia del Perpetuo Socorro — a grade and high school in the Miramar neighborhood of the Santurce district of San Juan, Puerto Rico, founded in 1921, and sometimes called "Academy of Our Lady of Perpetual Help" in English


An exchange, bourse (), trading exchange or trading venue is an organized market where (especially) tradable securities, commodities, foreign exchange, futures, and options contracts are bought and sold.

History

12th century: Brokers on the Grand Bridge, France
In the twelfth century, foreign exchange dealers in France were responsible for controlling and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of banks. These were actually the first brokers. They met on the Grand Bridge in Paris, the current Pont au Change. It takes its name from the forex brokers.

13th century: Huis ter Beurze, Belgium
The term bourse is related to the 13th-century inn named "Huis ter Beurze" owned by  family in Bruges, Belgium, where traders and foreign merchants from across Europe, especially the Italian Republics of Genoa, Florence and Venice, conducted business in the late medieval period. The building, which was established by Robert van der Beurze as a hostelry, had operated from 1285. Its managers became famous for offering judicious financial advice to the traders and merchants who frequented the building. This service became known as the "Beurze Purse" which is the basis of bourse, meaning an organized place of exchange. Eventually, the building became solely a place for trading in commodities.

During the 18th century, the façade of the Huis ter Beurze was rebuilt with a wide frontage of pilasters. However, in 1947 it was restored to its original medieval appearance.

13th century–17th century: Italian city-states, Belgium and the Netherlands
In the thirteenth century, the Lombard bankers were the first to share state claims in Pisa, Genoa, and Florence. In 1409, the phenomenon was institutionalized by the creation of the Exchange Bruges. It was quickly followed by others, in Flanders and neighboring countries (Ghent and Amsterdam). It is still in Belgium and the first building designed to house a scholarship was built in Antwerp. The first scholarship organized in France was born in Lyon in 1540.

The first documented crash took place in 1636 in Holland. The prices of tulip bulbs reaching excessively high levels, known as the Tulip mania. The price collapsed on October 1.

In the seventeenth century, the Dutch were the first to use the stock market to finance companies. The first company to issue stocks and bonds was the Dutch East India Company, introduced in 1602.

17th century: England and France

The London Stock Exchange started operating and listing shares and bonds in 1688.

The Paris Stock Exchange was founded in 1724. In 1774, the courts required that it be shouted to improve the transparency of operations.

Contemporary history

In the nineteenth century, the industrial revolution enabled rapid development of stock markets, driven by the significant capital requirements for the finance industry and transport. Since the computer revolution of the 1970s, there has been a dematerialization of securities traded on the stock exchange.

In 1971, the NASDAQ became the . In France, the dematerialization was effective from November 5, 1984.

The development of information technology during the late part of the 20th century led to a new type of electronic exchange that replaced the more traditional physical markets.  This led to new definitions in financial regulations that recognized these new exchanges, such as the multilateral trading facility in Europe and alternative trading system in the United States. Regulators also started using the term trading venue to describe the wider definition which encompasses both traditional exchanges and electronic exchanges.

Description
Exchanges bring together brokers and dealers who buy and sell these objects. These various financial instruments can typically be sold either through the exchange, typically with the benefit of a clearing house to reduce settlement risk.

Exchanges can be subdivided:

 By objects sold:
 Stock exchange or securities exchange
 Commodities exchange
 Foreign exchange market – is rare today in the form of a specialized institution
 By type of trade:
 Classical exchange – for spot trades
 Futures exchange or futures and options exchange – for derivatives

In practice, futures exchanges are usually commodity exchanges, i.e., all derivatives, including financial derivatives, are usually traded at commodity exchanges. This has historical reasons: the first exchanges were stock exchanges. In the 19th century, exchanges were opened to trade forward contracts on commodities. Exchange-traded forward contracts are called futures contracts. These "commodity exchanges" later started offering future contracts on other products, such as interest rates and shares, as well as options contracts; now they are generally known as futures exchanges.

For details, see:

 Stock exchange (securities exchange), List of stock exchanges, :Category:Stock exchanges
 Commodity exchange (futures exchange), List of futures exchanges, :Category:Futures exchanges
 Foreign exchange market

See also
Commodity market
Private electronic market
Stock market
List of stock exchanges
Over-the-counter (finance)

Notes and citations
Notes

Citations

References

External links

Commodity markets
Stock market


Scout Records was the relatively short-lived German independent record label, founded and owned in the late 1960s by the German concert promoters Horst Lippmann and Fritz Rau, before in 1979 they founded their main label L+R Records.

The Scout label released seven blues albums, among them three compilations, one solo album of Howlin' Wolf's guitarist Hubert Sumlin, the first solo album of J. B. Lenoir, and recordings of the American Folk Blues Festivals 1969 and 1970.

They also issued a triple-LP with recordings of the Deutsches Jazz Festival Frankfurt 1970, containing tracks by - amongst others - Albert Mangelsdorff, Just Music, Klaus Doldinger Quartet, Phil Woods and his European Rhythm Machine, Dave Pike Set, Peter Brötzmann Group, Pierre Favre Group, Joachim Kuhn Group, Gunter Hampel Group, European Free Jazz Orchestra of the Art Ensemble of Chicago.

External links
 Illustrated Scout Records discography

Blues record labels
Jazz record labels
Defunct record labels of Germany


Davey Pat Arthur (born 24 September 1954 in County Donegal) is an Irish folk singer. Originally from Donegal, Arthur moved to Scotland at the age of two. He started to play music at the age of eight, and returned to Ireland aged 18. Known for playing the banjo, mandolin and guitar, he was originally a solo artist before joining with the Furey Brothers in 1978. Touring and performing as The Fureys and Davey Arthur, the group had several number one singles in Ireland in the 1970s and 1980s, and a top 20 hit in the UK singles chart in 1981. Arthur left the Fureys in 1992, pursuing a solo career and undertook a number of solo tours. He later rejoined some of the original lineup of the Fureys and Davey Arthur for a number of tours and albums. Living in County Kerry for some years, as of early 2019 Arthur had not returned to touring with the Fureys (having reputedly suffered a stroke in 2014).

Discography
Davey Arthur has written over 40 compositions, that have featured on 28 albums.

Solo albums
 Celtic Side Saddle (1994)
 Cut to the Chase (1998)

The Buskers (with Paul Furey and Brendan Leeson)
 Life Of A Man Rubber Records RUB 007 (1973)

The Fureys & Davey Arthur (Studio Albums)
 Emigrant (1977)
 Morning on a Distant Shore (1977)
 Banshee (1978)
 When You Were Sweet 16 (1981)
 Steal Away (1983)
 Golden Days (1984)
 In Concert (1984)
 At the End of the Day (1985)
 The First Leaves of Autumn (1986)
 Red Rose Café (EP) (1987)
 Poor Man's Dream (EP) (1988)
 The Scattering (1988)
 Alcoholidays (1998)
 Gallipoli (2007)

References

Irish folk singers
Musicians from County Donegal
Living people
1954 births


Cold Prey 2: Resurrection () is a 2008 Norwegian slasher film, directed by Mats Stenberg. It is the sequel to the highly successful Cold Prey (Fritt Vilt), and premiered in Norway on 10 October 2008. Written by Roar Uthaug and again starring Ingrid Bolsø Berdal in the leading role, this film picks up where the first left off. The female protagonist is picked up in the wilderness and brought to a hospital, but soon her nightmare starts all over again. Reviewers, though not overwhelmed, declared it a surprisingly good sequel to the original. Its opening weekend was the best for any Norwegian movie in history.

Plot
Jannicke (Berdal), the only survivor from the massacre depicted in the previous movie, is found in Jotunheimen and brought to a hospital in Otta. She receives good care, but she is still traumatized from her ordeal. At the hospital she speaks with the police and informs them of the location of the bodies, including that of the killer mountain man. Jannicke also speaks with and befriends a young boy, Daniel, who is a patient as well.

The police discover several bodies in the crevice Jannicke described; one of them is the body of the mountain man, apparently dead. The police transport all the bodies back to the hospital for autopsies. Kindly doctor Camilla informs Jannicke of this, and Jannicke attacks the mountain man's apparently dead body before being restrained.

While a nurse is cataloging the mountain man's clothes, he begins to stir. The staff frantically work to revive the man; when Jannicke hears this she is desperate to stop them, but the staff sedate her despite Camilla's objection. The doctors revive the mountain man, who appears to be in a coma. However, some time later he awakens and murders the policeman who was guarding him.

Meanwhile, the police chief has been researching old files of disappearances, and he discovers that the mountain man has been killing people on the mountain for decades. The man was a disturbed, violent child whose parents owned the mountain hotel. The police return to the crevice and find many more, older bodies.

At the hospital, the mountain man commences a killing spree across the hospital, while Jannicke awakens, finds Daniel and Camilla, and eventually locks the mountain man in the basement. By the time the trio reaches the exit, the police have arrived. Daniel is taken safely away by his mother.

The officers order Jannicke and Camilla to remain outside while they go in to apprehend the (apparently trapped) mountain man. Heedless of Jannicke's warnings, the officers enter the hospital and discover that the mountain man has knocked the basement door down. As they move to leave the hospital, the mountain man springs a trap and kills all of them but Ole, Camilla's boyfriend, who is gravely wounded.

Seeing the flash of gunshots within the hospital, Jannicke demands to enter the hospital with the remaining officer, but before they can act, the mountain man attacks, wounding her and killing the officer. As the mountain man prepares to kill Camilla, he is shot and apparently killed by the dying Ole.

Jannicke comforts Camilla but turns to discover that the mountain man's body has disappeared into the woods, presumably headed towards his lair in the abandoned hotel. The determined Jannicke resolves to return to the hotel to kill him, despite Camilla's warning. Jannicke travels by snowmobile to the hotel, but she falls asleep as she waits for the mountain man's return. When she awakens, he is standing behind her.

After a brief and fierce struggle, the mountain man prepares to kill Jannicke, but he is suddenly shot in the back by the newly arrived Camilla. He grabs Camilla by the head and begins to crush her, but Jannicke spears him through the heart with his own pickaxe. Although Camilla assures her that he is dead, Jannicke  retrieves her shotgun and fires it point blank into the mountain man's head.

Cast
Ingrid Bolsø Berdal as Jannicke
Marthe Snorresdotter Rovik as Camilla
Kim Wifladt as Ole
Fridtjov Såheim as Herman
Johanna Mørck as Audhild
Mats Eldøen as Sverre
Robert Follin as The Mountain Man

Production
The first of the two Cold Prey-movies was extremely well received, and seen by 260,000 – a high number for Norway. One reviewer even described it as "the best slasher flick" of 2006. For this reason the expectations on the sequel were high, and Ingrid Bolsø Berdal (whose character was the only surviving member of the original cast) emphasised the determination of everyone involved to make good film, not simply cash in on a mediocre sequel. Though she enjoyed the role, Berdal insisted that this would be the last installment.

Norsk Filmfond gave financial support to the project 4 February 2008, and the new cast was announced 20 February. Mats Stenberg took over as director after Roar Uthaug, who had directed the first movie. Filming started in late February.

The shooting was eventful, with Berdal at one point suffering from food poisoning; having to perform scenes in between throwing up. There were also lighter moments, with team members hiding in various rooms of the hotel where they were staying, doing their best to scare the others by jumping out wearing masks. While the outdoor scenes were filmed in the wild scenery of Jotunheimen and the village Otta, the scenes in the hospital were shot in Åslund hospital in Ås.

Reception
Norwegian reviewers were remarkably unanimous in their assessment of the film. All of the three major national newspapers gave it four out of six points. The consensus was that, even though the sequel did not quite live up to the original, it was still enjoyable and not disappointing. Morten Ståle Nilsen, writing for Verdens Gang, commented on the beautiful natural setting, and commended Berdal for managing to look both battered and sexy at the same time. Dagbladets Vegard Larsen declared himself surprised that the sequel turned out as well as it did. Like Nilsen, he compared Berdal to Ellen Ripley, Sigourney Weaver's character in the Alien-films. Per Haddal in Aftenposten concluded that the film failed to scare its audience as much as it intended, but he nevertheless complimented the solid handiwork.

The movie was seen by 101,564 people on its opening weekend, which was a new Norwegian record for a domestic movie. The previous record – of 70,952 – was set by Mors Elling in 2003. The box-office success was largely the result of a massive marketing campaign in the weeks leading up to the movie's release.

Anton Bitel of the Vodzilla.co gave the film 6 out of 10. He praised its outside and inside scenery but said that it was lacking originality.

Home media
Cold Prey 2 was released on DVD on 23 April 2013.

Prequel

The prequel, called Cold Prey 3, was filmed in 2010, directed by Mikkel Brænne Sandemose.

References

External links

 Fritt Vilt II at the Norwegian Film Institute (English)

2008 films
2008 horror films
2000s slasher films
2000s Norwegian-language films
Norwegian slasher films
Norwegian horror films
Films shot in Norway
Films set in Norway
Norwegian sequel films


Hutt River is a river in the Mid West region of Western Australia.

The river rises  east of the North West Coastal Highway, between the towns of Northampton and Binnu. It flows in a westerly direction until reaching Broken Anchor Bay on the Indian Ocean  south-east of Port Gregory.  The main tributary for the Hutt River is Kennedy Creek. Others are Yarder Gully and Swamp Gully, which are important contributors of fresh water to the river.

Under normal flow, the Hutt River runs to the north for less than  before breaking through the final dune and flowing to the sea. Under heavy flow it breaks straight through.

Hutt Lagoon,  north of the river mouth, is a marginal marine salina. Similar to Lake MacLeod, north of Carnarvon, Hutt Lagoon is fed by marine waters through a barrier ridge and by meteoric waters through springs. Due to the salina's below sea-level position, seepage of seawater into the salina is continuous year round.

History
The first European to discover the river was probably Francisco Pelsaert, who hove to in Broken Anchor Bay at the mouth of the Hutt River on 9 June 1629, following the sinking of  on the Houtman Abrolhos. He probably returned to the mouth of the Hutt River in  on 16 November 1629. His crew explored the area, and two mutineers, Wouter Loos and Jan Pelgrom de Bye, appear to have been abandoned here, becoming Australia's first European residents.

The first British explorer to encounter Hutt River was Lieutenant George Grey on 5 April 1839, naming the river after his friend William Hutt. Hutt was a British Liberal politician who was heavily involved in the colonization of Western Australia, New Zealand and South Australia, and the brother of John Hutt, the second Governor of Western Australia. Hutt was for a time chairman of the Western Australian Land Company. The next day, Grey named the nearby Bowes River after Hutt's wife, Mary Bowes.

The Principality of Hutt River was a micronation located midway along the river. The Principality covered an area of  and claimed to be an independent sovereign state that seceded from Australia in 1970 as a result of a dispute over wheat production quotas. It was not recognised by Australian state or federal governments, or any other country. It dissolved in August 2020.

References

Rivers of the Mid West region


Pussycat, Pussycat, I Love You is a 1970 American comedy film directed by Rod Amateau. Intended as a sequel to the 1965 film What's New, Pussycat?, it stars Ian McShane, Anna Calder-Marshall, John Gavin and Severn Darden.

Plot
A neurotic American living in Rome consults with an equally neurotic psychiatrist about his various fears, and the disintegrating relationship with his wife.

Cast
 Ian McShane as Fred Dobbs
 Anna Calder-Marshall as Millie
 John Gavin as Charlie
 Severn Darden as Dr. Fahrquardt
 Joyce Van Patten as Anna
 Beba Lončar as Ornella
 Veronica Carlson as Liz
 Ian Trigger as Dr. Ponti
 Katia Christine as Angelica
 Gaby André as Flavia
 Marino Masé as Franco
 Daniël Sola as Fernando
 Dari Lallou as Hesther
 Linda Morand as Moira
 Madeline Smith as Gwendolyn
 Maurizio Lucidi as Director
 Leopoldo Trieste as Desk Clerk

Production
Filming began in Rome in mid 1969. It was shot at Cinecittà Studios and on location around the city.

The music was composed by Lalo Schifrin.

Reception
The Los Angeles Times said the film falls down with "a thud".

See also
 List of American films of 1970

References

External links

1970 films
1970 comedy films
Films directed by Rod Amateau
American comedy films
United Artists films
Films scored by Lalo Schifrin
Films shot at Cinecittà Studios
Films set in Rome
Films shot in Rome
American sequel films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films


Valdez High School is a high school located in Valdez, Alaska. It is part of the Valdez City Schools District. The school serves students in grades 9 to 12.

Athletics offered include basketball, football, volleyball, wrestling, baseball, cross-country running, swimming, diving, track and field, cheerleading, and cross-country skiing.

Alumni

 Bill Walker- governor of Alaska.

References

External links
 Valdez City School District
 Public Schools Review

Buildings and structures in Chugach Census Area, Alaska
Public high schools in Alaska
Schools in Unorganized Borough, Alaska


spodchmurykapelusza ("From Under the Cloud of a Hat") is the final studio album by Czesław Niemen released in 2001.

Track listing
 "Spokojnym krokiem" - 3:41
 "Trąbodzwonnik" - 3:11
 "Nie wyszeptuj" - 3:10
 "Śmiech Megalozaura" - 5:25
 "Jagody szaleju" - 3:50
 "Pojutrze szary pył" - 3:21
 "Sonancja" - 4:13
 "Manhattan '93" - 3:32
 "Co po nas" - 3:36
 "Doloniedola" - 4:04
 "Antropocosmicus" - 4:41
 "Spodchmurykapelusza" - 4:01

All music and lyrics by Czesław Niemen.

Personnel
Czesław Niemen - vocal, electronic instruments

Czesław Niemen albums
2001 albums
Electronic albums by Polish artists


Principality of Kastrioti () was one of the Albanian principalities during the Late Middle Ages. It was formed by Pal Kastrioti who ruled it until 1407, after which his son, Gjon Kastrioti ruled until his death in 1437 and then ruled by the national hero of Albania, Skanderbeg.

Formation
Gjon Kastrioti originally had only two small villages. In a short time, John Kastrioti managed to expand its lands so as to become the undisputed lord of Central Albania.
He married Voisava Tripalda who bore 5 daughters, Mara, Jela, Angjelina, Vlajka, and Mamica, and 4 sons, Reposh, Stanisha, Kostandin and Gjergj Kastrioti (who would come to be known as Skanderbeg). Gjon Kastrioti was among those who opposed the early incursion of Ottoman Bayezid I, however his resistance was ineffectual. The Sultan, having accepted his submissions, obliged him to pay tribute to ensure the fealty of local rulers, and to send his three sons Gjergj Kastrioti to the Sultan's court as hostages. After his conversion to Islam, the young Skanderbeg attended military school in Edirne and led many victorious battles for the Ottoman Empire. For his military victories, he received the title Arnavutlu İskender Bey, (Albanian: Skënderbe shqiptari, English: Lord Alexander, the Albanian) comparing Kastrioti's military brilliance to that of Alexander the Great.

Rise of Skanderbeg
Skanderbeg was distinguished as one of the best officers in several Ottoman campaigns both in Asia Minor and in Europe, and the Sultan appointed him General. He fought against Greeks, Serbs and Hungarians, and some sources say that he used to maintain secret links with Ragusa, Venice, Ladislaus V of Hungary, and Alfonso I of Naples. Sultan Murat II gave him the title Vali which made him General Governor.
On November 28, 1443, Skanderbeg saw his opportunity to rebel after the Battle of Niš against the Hungarians led by John Hunyadi in Niš as part of the Crusade of Varna. He switched sides along with 300 other Albanians serving in the Ottoman army. After a long trek to Albania he eventually captured Krujë by forging a letter from the Sultan to the Governor of Krujë, which granted him control of the territory. After capturing the castle, Skanderbeg abjured Islam and proclaimed himself the avenger of his family and country. He raised a flag showing a double-headed eagle, an ancient symbol used by various cultures of Balkans (especially the Byzantine Empire), which later became the Albanian flag. The Governor was killed as he was returning to Edirne, unaware of Skanderbeg's intentions.
Skanderbeg allied with George Arianite (born Gjergj Arianit Komneni) and married his daughter Donika (born Marina Donika Arianiti).

League of Lezhë

Following the capture of Krujë, Skanderbeg managed to bring together all the Albanian princes in the town of Lezhë Historian Edward Gibbon writes that: With this support, Skanderbeg built fortresses and organized a mobile defense force that forced the Ottomans to disperse their troops, leaving them vulnerable to the hit-and-run tactics of the Albanians. He managed to create the League of Lezhë, a federation of all Albanian Principalities.The main members of the league were the Arianiti, Balšić, Dukagjini, Muzaka, Spani, Thopia and Crnojević noble families. For 25 years, from 1443–1468, Skanderbeg's 10,000 man army marched through Ottoman territory winning against consistently larger and better supplied Ottoman forces. Threatened by Ottoman advances in their homeland, Hungary, and later Naples and Venice – their former enemies – provided the financial backbone and support for Skanderbeg's army. By 1450 it had certainly ceased to function as originally intended, and only the core of the alliance under Scanderbeg and Araniti Comino continued to fight on.

The League of Lezhë first distinguished itself under Skanderbeg at the Battle of Torvioll where he defeated the Ottoman forces. Skanderbeg's victory was praised throughout the rest of Europe. The battle of Torvioll thus opened up the quarter-century war between Skanderbeg's Albania and the Ottoman Empire.

On 14 May 1450, an Ottoman army, larger than any previous force encountered by Skanderbeg or his men, stormed and overwhelmed the castle of the city of Kruja, capital of the Principality of Kastrioti. This city was particularly symbolic to Skanderbeg because he had been appointed suba of Kruja in 1438 by the Ottomans. The fighting lasted four months and over one thousand Albanians lost their lives while over 20,000 Ottomans died in battle. Even so, the Ottoman forces were unable to capture the city and had no choice but to retreat before winter set in. In June 1446, Mehmed II, known as "the conqueror", led an army of 150,000 soldiers back to Kruja but failed to capture the castle. Skanderbeg's death in 1468 did not end the struggle for independence, and fighting continued until 1481, under Lekë Dukagjini, when the Albanian lands were forced to succumb to the Ottoman armies.

See also
 House of Kastrioti
 League of Lezhë
 Albanian principalities
 History of Albania

References
"History of Albanian People" Albanian Academy of Science.

1444 disestablishments
States and territories established in 1389
Albanian principalities
Former countries in the Balkans
Vassal states of the Ottoman Empire
Former monarchies