Participation of medical professionals in American executions is a controversial topic, due to its moral and legal implications. The practice is proscribed by the American Medical Association, as defined in its Code of Medical Ethics. The American Society of Anesthesiologists endorses this position, stating that lethal injections "can never conform to the science, art and
practice of anesthesiology".

In 2010, the American Board of Anesthesiologists, a member board of the American Board of Medical Specialties, voted to revoke the certification of anesthesiologists who participate in executing a prisoner by lethal injection. Board secretary Mark A. Rockoff defended the organization's policy, stating that participation in executions "puts anesthesiologists in an untenable position," and that physicians "can assuredly provide effective anesthesia, but doing so in order to cause a patient's death is a violation of their fundamental duty as physicians to do no harm."

In at least one case, the planned execution of Michael Morales, the execution warrant was stayed indefinitely due to the objection of the contacted physicians to participate.

The topic was the subject of a 1992 review by the American Medical Association, entitled Physician Participation in Capital Punishment.

Moral discussion

U.S. Supreme Court cases discussing the constitutionality of execution methods often involve testimony of medical professionals; one example of such a case being the 2008 Baze v. Rees case, which affirmed the constitutionality of the three-drug lethal injection protocol as a method of capital punishment, despite claims that the single drug used for animal euthanasia is more humane than the three-drug cocktail currently used.

One particular concern to opponents of physician participation in capital punishment is the role that health care providers have played in treating or reviving patients to render them fit for execution. In a 1995 Oklahoma case, death row inmate Robert Brecheen intentionally overdosed on sleeping pills hours before his scheduled lethal injection. He was immediately hospitalized and had his stomach pumped, before being returned to prison for his execution. In a similar 1999 case in Texas, David M. Long attempted suicide by drug overdose two days before his execution date and prison authorities flew him from an intensive care unit in Galveston, on a ventilator, accompanied by a full medical team, to the death chamber in Huntsville.

A survey of physicians was conducted concerning the ethics of engaging in eight actions considered by the  AMA to constitute participation in capital punishment, and therefore deemed unethical for physicians. The eight actions were (a) administration of lethal drugs, (b) starting intravenous lines for such drugs, (c) maintaining or inspecting lethal injection devices, (d) ordering lethal drugs, (e) supervising the administration of lethal drugs, (f) selecting injection sites, (g) monitoring vital signs during the execution, and (h) determining death. According to the findings, "Eighty percent indicated that at least 1 of the disallowed actions was acceptable, 53% indicated that 5 or more were acceptable, and 34% approved all 8 disallowed actions. The percentage of respondents approving of disallowed actions varied from 43% for injecting lethal drugs to 74% for determining when death occurred."

Botched executions
Possibly botched executions include those of Stanley Williams, Ángel Nieves Díaz, and others. The only execution by lethal injection that failed to kill the condemned prisoner in the United States occurred on September 15, 2009, in Ohio, when executioners attempted and then aborted the execution of Romell Broom, leading to the implementation of a one-drug method. More than six decades earlier, on May 3, 1946, an unsuccessful attempt at the electrocution of Willie Francis, then aged 17, led to an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court to reject a second attempt at electrocuting Francis, which failed by a 5–4 vote in Francis v. Resweber, resulting in Francis' successful electrocution just over a year later, on May 9, 1947.

In many of these executions, the result of the error has been that executions have taken many times as long as they should have – in one case, the execution of Christopher Newton, an execution took up to two hours to complete, fifteen times longer than average; ideally, executions should be completed within about eight minutes. Some have claimed that such executions may have induced excruciating pain, a possible violation of the Eighth Amendment. This has been argued in the Supreme Court case Hill v. McDonough. Errors occurring in these botched executions include the incorrect placing of IV lines, and injection of too little anaesthetic, reported in one study to have been consistent with awareness in 43% (21 executions) of the forty-nine executions in the study.

Since the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976, there have been, according to one study, forty-one possibly botched executions. On, January 7, 2008, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in Baze v. Rees, a case challenging the three-drug cocktail used for many executions by lethal injection. The respondent's lawyer, Roy T. Englert, Jr., referred to the Death Penalty Information Center's list of "botched" executions. He criticized it because a majority of the executions on the list, according to respondent, "did not involve the infliction of pain, but were only delayed by technical problems (e.g., difficulty in finding a suitable vein)". However, the petitioners' attorney disagreed.

Legal implications
Some death penalty states allow physician participation in executions and a few even require it. To protect participating physicians from license challenges for violating ethics codes, states commonly provide legal immunity and promise anonymity. The North Carolina Supreme Court ruled 4-3 that the Medical Board cannot discipline doctors who participate in executions, stating that the statutes providing for lethal injection are superior to ethical guides.

Proscription in the Hippocratic Oath

The practice is proscribed in the Hippocratic Oath, an ethical guide for the medical profession, albeit with no legal or constitutional force, which states:

See also
 Carlo Musso
 List of people executed in the United States in 2013
 Organ donation in the United States prison population

References

External links
 Death Row Doctor New York Times op-doc
 "Doctor, Reread Your Oath" Los Angeles Times opinion piece criticizing physician involvement in executions
 New England Journal of Medicine: Perspective Roundtable: Physicians and Execution (video)
  (available online)

Capital punishment in the United States
Lethal injection
Medical controversies in the United States
Social problems in medicine


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Shelby County, Ohio.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Shelby County, Ohio, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

There are 20 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.  Another property was once listed but has been removed.

Current listings

|}

Former listing

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Ohio
 Listings in neighboring counties: Auglaize, Champaign, Darke, Logan, Mercer, Miami
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio

References

Shelby


Robert Ilatov (, born 12 November 1971) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu.

Early life
Born in Andijan in the Soviet Union (today in Uzbekistan) to a Bukharian Jewish family, Ilatov made aliyah to Israel on April 10, 1985. He reached the rank of Sergeant during his military service in the Israel Defense Forces. Ilatov settled in Netanya and entered city politics, eventually serving as Deputy Mayor. Between 2000 and 2006, he worked in public relations for the city's Laniado Hospital.

Political career
For the 2006 Knesset elections he was placed ninth on the Yisrael Beiteinu list, and became a Knesset member when the party won 11 seats. During his first term he served as the party's Parliamentary Group Chairman. He retained his seat in the 2009 elections after being placed eleventh on the party's list, and was re-elected for a third term in the 2013 elections on the joint Likud Yisrael Beiteinu list.

Placed seventh on the Yisrael Beiteinu list for the 2015 elections, it appeared that Ilatov had lost his seat as the party won only six seats. However, Safed mayor Ilan Shohat, who had been in fourth place on the list, opted to give up his Knesset seat before the swearing in ceremony, allowing Ilatov to take his place.

Personal life
Ilatov currently lives in Netanya, and is married with three children.

References

External links

1971 births
Uzbekistani Jews
Bukharan Jews
Soviet Jews
Jewish Israeli politicians
Living people
Yisrael Beiteinu politicians
Soviet emigrants to Israel
Uzbekistani emigrants to Israel
Israeli people of Uzbekistani-Jewish descent
People from Andijan
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)


Ana Ivanovic was the defending champion, but chose to participate in Linz instead.

Elena Dementieva won in the final 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–4), against Caroline Wozniacki.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
Draw and Qualifying draw

Luxembourg Open
Fortis Championships Luxembourg
2008 in Luxembourgian tennis


The 1990 BMW Open was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Munich, West Germany. The tournament was held from 30 April through 7 May 1990. Unseeded Karel Nováček won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Karel Nováček defeated  Thomas Muster 6–4, 6–2
 It was Novacek's only title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

Doubles

 Udo Riglewski /  Michael Stich defeated  Petr Korda /  Tomáš Šmíd 6–1, 6–4
 It was Riglewski's 3rd title of the year and the 8th of his career. It was Stich's 3rd title of the year and the 4th of his career.

References

External links
 ATP tournament profile

Bavarian International Tennis Championships
BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open
German


Concurrent MetateM is a multi-agent language in which each agent is programmed using a set of (augmented) temporal logic specifications of the behaviour it should exhibit. These specifications are executed directly to generate the behaviour of the agent. As a result, there is no risk of invalidating the logic as with systems where logical specification must first be translated to a lower-level implementation.

The root of the MetateM concept is Gabbay's separation theorem; any arbitrary temporal logic formula can be rewritten in a logically equivalent past → future form. Execution proceeds by a process of continually matching rules against a history, and firing those rules when antecedents are satisfied. Any instantiated future-time consequents become commitments which must subsequently be satisfied, iteratively generating a model for the formula made up of the program rules.

Temporal Connectives
The Temporal Connectives of Concurrent MetateM can divided into two categories, as follows:

 Strict past time connectives: '●' (weak last), '◎' (strong last), '◆' (was), '■' (heretofore), S (since), and Z (zince, or  weak since).
 Present and future time connectives: '◯' (next), '◇' (sometime), '□' (always), U (until), and W (unless).

The connectives {◎,●,◆,■,◯,◇,□} are unary; the remainder are binary.

Strict past time connectives

Weak last
●ρ is satisfied now if ρ was true in the previous time. If ●ρ is interpreted at the beginning of time, it is satisfied despite there being no actual previous time.  Hence "weak" last.

Strong last
◎ρ is satisfied now if ρ was true in the previous time.  If ◎ρ is interpreted at the beginning of time, it is not satisfied because there is no actual previous time.  Hence "strong" last.

Was
◆ρ is satisfied now if ρ was true in any previous moment in time.

Heretofore
■ρ is satisfied now if ρ was true in every previous moment in time.

Since
ρSψ is satisfied now if ψ is true at any previous moment and ρ is true at every moment after that moment.

Zince, or weak since
ρZψ is satisfied now if (ψ is true at any previous moment and ρ is true at every moment after that moment) OR ψ has not happened in the past.

Present and future time connectives

Next
◯ρ is satisfied now if ρ is true in the next moment in time.

Sometime
◇ρ is satisfied now if ρ is true now or in any future moment in time.

Always
□ρ is satisfied now if ρ is true now and in every future moment in time.

Until
ρUψ is satisfied now if ψ is true at any future moment and ρ is true at every moment prior.

Unless
ρWψ is satisfied now if (ψ is true at any future moment and ρ is true at every moment prior) OR ψ does not happen in the future.

References

External links
 A Java implementation of a MetateM interpreter can be downloaded from here

Artificial intelligence


Iveta Benešová and Janette Husárová were the defending champions, but Husárová chose not to participate, and only Benešová competed that year.
Benešová partnered with Shuai Peng, but lost in the quarterfinals to Mervana Jugić-Salkić and Aurélie Védy.

Sorana Cîrstea and Marina Erakovic won in the final 2–6, 6–3, 10–8, against Vera Dushevina and Mariya Koryttseva.

Seeds

Draw

Draw

External links
Draw

Luxembourg Open
Fortis Championships Luxembourg
2008 in Luxembourgian tennis


Lia Shemtov (, born 25 May 1958) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of Nazareth Illit City Council. She was a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2006 and 2013.

Biography
Born in Chernivtsi in the Ukrainian SSR, Shemtov studied electronics engineering at Chernivtsi University before making aliyah to Israel in 1980. Between 1990 and 2003 she worked for Amidar. In 1998 she was elected onto Nazareth Illit City Council, and in 2003 became its deputy mayor.

For the 2006 Knesset elections she was placed eleventh on the Yisrael Beiteinu list, and became a Knesset member when the party won 11 seats. During her first term she chaired the committee on the status of women. She retained her seat in the 2009 elections after being placed fourteenth on the party's list. For the 2013 elections she was placed 49th on the joint Likud Yisrael Beiteinu list, losing her seat as the alliance won only 31 seats.

In 2013 she was elected back onto Nazareth Illit City Council.

Shemtov currently lives in Nazareth Illit and is married with two children.

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
People from Chernivtsi
Bukovina Jews
Soviet Jews
Ukrainian Jews
Israeli Jews
Soviet emigrants to Israel
Women members of the Knesset
Yisrael Beiteinu politicians
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Deputy mayors of places in Israel
People from Nof HaGalil
Chernivtsi University alumni
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish women politicians
20th-century Israeli women politicians
21st-century Israeli women politicians


is a fantasy action role-playing game for Nintendo DS. It was developed by Matrix Software and published by Marvelous Entertainment.

The game makes use of a mechanic that allows the player to affect the "elemental code" of the world around them by using the Book of Prophecy which is situated on the touch-sensitive lower screen. This book is the central focus of both the plot and gameplay. The game also allows the player to select between a male or female protagonist.

Avalon Code received mixed reviews, being praised for its graphics and innovative mechanics, but criticized for its linear story-line and repetitive gameplay.

Gameplay

The plot, as well as the gameplay, revolves around the Book of Prophecy situated on the touch-sensitive lower screen of the Nintendo DS. In order to record a person, monster, plant, or weapon in its pages, the player performs a "Code Scan", which is done by striking the target to be recorded with the Book itself (mapped to the B button at all times). Locations are filed under the Book's Map section and are added automatically when the player enters the screen for the first time.

Each page reveals its subject's essential information such as attack strength for weapons; health points for enemies; local lore for maps; and personal tastes and goals for people. In addition, every object or character capable of being scanned has a Code. This page Code is in turn composed of many Codes, which are exactly what they sound like: pieces of seven different shapes that fit into the Mental Map like pentominoes into a box and radically alter the target's properties.

Creating different combinations of Codes by adding and removing them to attain specific quantities or ratios changes the object's title and, often, effects. Changing titles to remove 'defective' Codes as well as creating 'new' items (usually by following certain obtainable recipes) is a facet of gameplay used in many side-quests and occasionally within the story. An example of Code manipulation is as follows: at one point near the beginning of the adventure, Yumil/Tia's only weapon is a Rusted Battle Sword, where 'Rusted' is a title derived from the presence of three Codes of Illness and three Codes of Copper on the Mental Map. Rempo urges the player to remove the Illness, converting the title to 'Copper' and strengthening the weapon's overall attack power. The player can then add the Illness to a monster's Code, which will lower the health points of every encountered enemy of that species as long as the piece of Illness is contained in their Mental Map. By the same right, transferring Codes of Poison from a sinister character's page to a weapon would give the player the ability to poison stricken enemies.

Each page in the Book of Prophecy has a numerical value of 'worthiness' measured in Code Points, and when the Book's entire value reaches certain quantities, it will level up. In this way the Mental Map undergoes two size upgrades, beginning with a 3x3 square. Specific side-quests and mini-game activities are triggered through 'News Flashes' upon level-ups as well. In order to raise page values, the player can, for example, manipulate Codes, examine 'Exploration Points' on a map, present another cast member with things he or she enjoys collecting, defeat a high number of a certain enemy, call on a Spirit for aid, or equip a weapon.

Dungeons
Dungeons are fairly linear and consist of many linked rooms in which the player must complete a specific task to advance (and determine that page's value). There are several varieties of goals, ranging from lighting torches to flipping switches to defeating enemies. Although there is an onscreen several-minute countdown for each challenge room, the player may still complete the challenge and advance after running out of time with no penalty other than a lower score. Most dungeons, naturally, end with a fight against a boss. Performance is ranked according to a medal system; a good run is rewarded with a gold medal for the room, while an especially poor or slow run may not garner a medal at all. Rooms and bosses may be replayed as many times as the player desires in order to achieve a better score or find hidden bonuses.

After defeating each monster boss in the Boss section of the Book of Prophecy, the player unlocks a new page in a special Book chapter. These pages contain questions about the coming world and the Codes that are inserted as answers serve to determine the aspects of it. Such aspects include the inhabitants' housing and the background music. Answers can be filled in differently as many times as the player wishes, yielding different results with different code combinations.

Romance
Players familiar with other games by Marvelous Entertainment producer Yoshifumi Hashimoto will likely compare the affection system featured in Avalon Code to that of games such as Story of Seasons titles and the fantasy-tinged Role Playing Game spin-off series Rune Factory, even though the protagonists of Avalon Code are too young for marriage. Most human non-player characters can be given gifts, and, as previously mentioned, have different tastes and aspirations.

Avalon Code features a total of fourteen 'eligible' non-player characters who may take a romantic interest in the player character as various side-quests are completed. In the course of the campaign, Yumil may date characters labelled as Heroines in the Book of Prophecy (kind but terminally ill orphan Fana, determined heiress Princess Dorothea, guarded psychic Nanaida, precocious elf Sylphy), while Tia may date one of the Heroes (wary street kid Rex, vigilant aspiring hero Duran, emotionless swordsman Anwar, devoted commander General Heath). Six additional characters become available as love interests after the completion of the main quest: two Book Spirits apiece, along with a Hero and Heroine not listed in the game's instruction booklet.

Most character-related side-quests may be undertaken by either Yumil or Tia even if the character in question is of the same gender as the player or the player already has an 'established' significant other. Developing platonic relationships adds new back-story information to entries in the Book of Prophecy. Every Hero and Heroine also has a particularly gripping personal issue that manifests itself in the form of a locked Code piece. For example, the sword master Gustav's son, Duran, was unable to stop a tragedy that happened before his eyes. A square in his Mental Map is taken up by 1 Weakness that is removable only by helping him come to a better understanding of the past.

Plot
The plot centers on a young peasant who has been plagued with apocalyptic and prophetic nightmares for weeks prior to the beginning of the story. The latest dream, shown in the opening cinematic, features a mysterious voice. The voice reveals that the protagonist's world has undergone countless reincarnations in the past and is fated to a cycle of correction, destruction, and rebirth until "true enlightenment" is achieved and that the main character has been chosen by the Powers-That-Be to deem the people, places, and things of the current world worthy (or "unworthy") of being carried over into the next.

This voice is that of a magical sentient record book called the Book of Prophecy. Taking this tome, the newly appointed Chosen One sets out to find and befriend four guiding elemental Book Spirits who take residence in the Book. Throughout the journey, the Chosen One learns more about a hidden plot to hasten the imminent apocalypse playing out beneath a shallow political feud with the neighbouring kingdom and the decisions of the previous Chosen One.

Development
In May 2008, Famitsu featured Avalon Code in their Nintendo DS spotlight. The game gained attention early on for its high quality 3D engine. Marvelous Entertainment USA and XSEED Games showcased the game as part of their game portfolio at that year's Electronic Entertainment Expo, with plans to release the U.S. version of the game in the first fiscal quarter of 2009. Less than a month before its release in Japan, the game was showcased at the Tokyo Game Show at Marvelous Entertainment Japan's booth.

Originally, the game's Book of Prophecy was intended to be a virtual book that could be written in using the touch pad on the Nintendo DS. In an interview with Siliconera, producer and scenario writer Yoshifumi Hashimoto said "in the beginning of the planning stages I thought about the players actually writing "become weaker" into the book, but realized that this will take too long from the time the user thinks about it to the time it'll actually change. Plus I wanted players from other countries to all play the game the same way, so I decided to go with moving codes (icons) around".

Avalon Codes character designs were done by the Japanese illustrator HACCAN, while much of the scenery and promotional art is accredited to the Japanese artist group Kusanagi. The opening theme, "Deep Forest", was sung by Japanese pop musician Kana Yazumi.

Reception

Avalon Code received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. 1UP.com called it "the kind of game that's bursting with creativity and ambition, but constantly trips over its own good intentions". IGN called the game's core component, the Book of Prophecy, "a compelling mechanic you won't find anywhere else". Nintendo Life praised the game for its "stunning" visuals, but criticized the Book of Prophecy for being "ridiculously annoying [to browse] through to find the data you need". GameSpot referred to the Book as "the game's most unique and fascinating feature", but said that overall "Avalon Code is a thoroughly mundane adventure despite some interesting, but poorly implemented, concepts". In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one seven, one eight, one seven, and one eight for a total of 30 out of 40.

References

External links

2008 video games
Marvelous Entertainment games
Nintendo DS-only games
Nintendo DS games
Fantasy video games
Role-playing video games
Japanese role-playing video games
Matrix Software games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Rising Star Games games


Bucky and Pepito is a 1959 Western-themed animated television series produced by Sam Singer.

The series is about two young boys. Bucky is an imaginative American child who wears a cowboy hat, and his Mexican friend Pepito is an inventor. Pepito's depiction has been criticized as conforming to racist stereotypes.

The series is partially lost. All episodes of the series have entered the public domain due to failure to renew the copyright.

Cast
Dal McKennon as Bucky and Pepito

Episodes

Reception
Two episodes appeared on a compilation DVD of the worst cartoons ever made, and it was described by Harry McCracken as setting "a standard for awfulness that no contemporary TV cartoon has managed to surpass".

References

External links

1950s American animated television series
1960s American animated television series
1959 American television series debuts
1960 American television series endings
1950s Western (genre) television series
1960s Western (genre) television series
American children's animated comedy television series
Animated television series about children
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States


Francis Appleyard (26 September 1905 – 12 October 1971) was an English first-class cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He was born in Clifton, Yorkshire and died in Stevenage.

Appleyard began his Minor Counties career playing for Hertfordshire in 1931, and continued to play Minor Counties cricket until the outbreak of the Second World War. He made his first-class cricketing debut in 1939 for Minor Counties. During the war, Appleyard made ten appearances for a British Empire XI against various assembled teams.

Appleyard made his County Championship debut in the 1946 season, for Essex. A steady fast-medium bowler, Appleyard had best bowling figures of 5 for 14. He made four further first-class appearances during 1947, a season which once again saw Essex under-perform in the County Championship and he did not play again in the County Championship beyond this season.

Appleyard made just one further first-class appearance, for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Minor Counties, in 1950.

Appleyard's sons, Peter and John, both played cricket for Hertfordshire.

References

External links

1905 births
1971 deaths
English cricketers
Essex cricketers
Minor Counties cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
People from Calderdale (district)
Cricketers from West Yorkshire


DarkMarket was an English-speaking internet cybercrime forum created by Renukanth Subramaniam in London that was shut down in 2008 after FBI agent J. Keith Mularski infiltrated it using the alias Master Splyntr, leading to more than 60 arrests worldwide. Subramaniam, who used the alias JiLsi, admitted conspiracy to defraud and was sentenced to nearly five years in prison in February 2010.

DarkMarket also refers to a new darknet market founded in 2019 under the same name. However, German prosecutors in the cities of Koblenz and Oldenburg said 12 January 2021 that they had shut down what was "probably the largest illegal marketplace on the Darknet" called DarkMarket and physically arrested the man believed to operate it near Germany's border with Denmark.

The website allowed buyers and sellers of stolen identities and credit card data to meet and conduct criminal enterprise in an entrepreneurial, peer-reviewed environment. It had 2,500 users at its peak.

According to supervisory special agent Mularski of the FBI's Cyber Initiative & Resource Fusion Unit, their undercover operation was "very successful in getting to the upper echelons of the Dark Market group and we were actually able to run the server and host all the communications that were going on there to make our cases." He obtained full access to everyone using the site and what they were doing by securing the server after gaining Subramaniam's confidence.

In Congressional testimony on November 17, 2009, FBI Deputy Assistant Director, Cyber Division Steven R. Chabinsky described the FBI operation:

In a speech to the GovSec/FOSE Conference on March 23, 2010, Chabinsky related explained

Another DarkMarket member, Thomas James Frederick Smith, pleaded guilty on June 10, 2010, to conspiracy to intentionally cause damage to a protected computer and to commit computer fraud.

References

Further reading
 Glenny, Misha, DarkMarket : cyberthieves, cybercops, and you, New York, NY : Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.

Internet forums
Organized crime groups in the United States
Carding (fraud)


An auca () is a genre of a story in pictures developed mainly in Catalonia.

Description
The auca was present in some other parts of Spain, even though it was most popular in Catalonia. It has a structure somewhat similar to comics, but has more rigid.  The auca has a number of images that can be evenly divided by 4 (usually 48), all images are of the same size, all fit on one page, and there is a small piece of text, called rodolí (, plural rodolins) - underneath every image, usually in the Catalan language and since the 19th century also rhymed.

History
The auca began as a card game played for money. The cards were possibly also used for divination, judging by the images that initially appeared on them: the Moon, the Sun, stars and animals, among them a goose, which gave its name to the game. (Auca means "goose" in the north-western dialects of Catalan; it is oca in modern standard Catalan.) The earliest preserved auca was created by Pere Abadal in 1670 in Moià. The game was forbidden throughout the 17th and 18th centuries and gradually the auca developed into an art form in which all the images appeared on one page and had a unifying theme, initially - arts, crafts, children's games and animals.

In the 19th century the auca reached its artistic peak and developed into a complete art form and publishing niche. The themes of auca stories became more varied and included history, biography, traditional moral stories and fables. It was then that text underneath the images took the form of two rhymed lines. The most important auca artists of that time were Josep Piferrer and Ignasi Estivill from Barcelona and Agustí Laborda and Ildefons Mompié from Valencia.

The auca structure also inspired Santiago Rusiñol's play L'auca del senyor Esteve (Mr. Esteve's auca), a down-to-earth, often humorous, story about a business-oriented family who suddenly has to deal with the artistic orientation of the young heir.

Towards the end of the 19th century the auca genre began to wane. Many new aucas were simply repeating older themes. At that time, however, aucas were brought to Madrid, where they were positively met. A series of Castilian aucas called Aleluya (Hallelujah) were produced with themes of Catholic holidays.

In the 20th century the auca continued to be a unique Catalan way of expression. Newer aucas are being regularly produced by Catalan artists, incorporating newer artistic styles, but keeping the established form of 48 images with two or four lines of rhymed text.

Examples of aucas

Bibliography

See also
Traditions of Catalonia
Seny

External links

 rodolins.cat  - a website about aucas
La paret de les auques - auques produced by the students of IES Pius Font i Quer school.

Catalan culture
Comics terminology
Spanish comics


Christian Albrecht Jackhelln (28 July 1784 – 11 September 1868) was a Danish born, Norwegian merchant and politician.

Biography
Christian was born in Aalborg, Denmark to Anton Heinrich von Jackhelln and Pauline Sofie Jegind. He  settled in Bodin in Nordland, Norway where he established his own trading company, Christian Jakhelln AS. His company became one of the leading wholesaler and trade companies in Bodin from 1816 until his death in 1868. The firm was taken over by his son Carl Johan (1827–1902), and later by his grandson Christian Albrecht Jakhelln (1863–1945).

Jackhelln was a member of the first City Council and was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1833 from the constituency of Nordlands Amt. He was later re-elected in 1845 and 1851.

Personal life
In 1816 he married Anne Fredrikke Winther (1796–1858), daughter of the district surgeon Johan Friederich Winter and his first wife Anne Margrethe Woche.  They had 11 children.

References

1784 births
1868 deaths
Businesspeople from Aalborg
Politicians from Bodø
Danish emigrants to Norway
Members of the Storting
Nordland politicians
19th-century Norwegian businesspeople
Norwegian company founders
Norwegian merchants
Politicians from Aalborg


The 1991 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament held in Munich, Germany and played on outdoor clay courts. The event was part of the ATP World Series category of the Association of Tennis Professionals tour. It was the 75th edition of the tournament and was held from 29 April through 6 May 1991. Unseeded Magnus Gustafsson won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Magnus Gustafsson defeated  Guillermo Pérez Roldán 3–6, 6–3, 4–3 (Perez-Roldan retired)
 It was Gustafsson's 1st title of the year and the 1st of his career.

Doubles

 Patrick Galbraith /  Todd Witsken defeated  Anders Järryd /  Danie Visser 7–5, 6–4
 It was Galbraith's 3rd title of the year and the 6th of his career. It was Witsken's 2nd title of the year and the 10th of his career.

References

External links
 ATP – Tournament profile
 ITF – Tournament details

BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships
BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open


Source: Music of the Avant-Garde – also known and hereafter referred to as Source Magazine – was an independent, not-for-profit musical and artistic magazine published between 1967 and 1973 by teachers and students of the University of California, Davis, California. It emerged from the flourishing Californian musical experimentalism of the late 1950s-early 1960s, at UC-Davis and Mills College. The 11 issues document new music practices of the period like indeterminacy, performance, graphic scores, electronic music and intermedia arts.

Origin
Source Magazine board of editors first met in the New Music Ensemble, formed in 1963, an improvised music group led by UC-Davis music teacher Larry Austin and comprising two of his students: Stanley Lunetta on drums and Dary John Mizelle on trombone, in addition to Wayne Johnson, bass clarinet ; Art Woodbury, saxophone ; and Richard Swift, keyboards, sometimes augmented by occasional visitors like flutist Jon Gibson or soprano Billie Alexander.

In the Spring of 1966, the group officially launched the Composer/Performer Edition imprint with the idea of publishing a catalog of graphic scores and avantgarde music related material by composers they felt close to, like Frederic Rzewski, Cornelius Cardew, Allan Bryant, or Jon Phetteplace of Musica Elettronica Viva. In 1966, they sent a mailing of 5,000 invitations nationwide, calling for pieces in the form of original scores. Composer/Performer Edition published some of these music scores separately, but the team felt the need to collect the material they received in the form of a magazine titled Source. Austin, Lunetta, Mizelle, Johnson, Woodburry and administrative manager Paul Roberts formed the magazine's board, with Austin becoming chief editor.

A twelfth issue was planned but never made it to printing due to lack of internal funding.

Circulation
Each issue had a print run of 2,000 copies, although the first issue originally ran 1,000 copies before selling out and warranting an additional 1,000 copies. According to chief editor Larry Austin, the spiral-bound, 10  x 13  inches landscape format was inspired by some of John Cage's graphic scores as well as the benefit of being able to stand the magazine up on a piano or music stand when performing pieces. Subscribers were composers, teachers, performers or libraries located in North America and Europe. The magazine was never subsidized or funded by any institution.

Music content
Despite or thanks to its short existence, the scope of Source magazine appears both focused and wide-ranging. Emerging from a rejection of formal concert performance and traditional music notation, Source also included performance art and sound poetry in its coverage of avantgarde graphic scores, therefore expanding the very definition of music. It welcomed veterans like Harry Partch, Lukas Foss, John Cage or Morton Feldman, as well as young Turks of the avant-garde like Hugh Davies (b1943), Daniel Lentz (b1942) or Jerry Hunt (b1943).

Over the years, Source covered West Coast experimentalism of the 1960s (Gordon Mumma, Robert Ashley) ; American Minimalism (Steve Reich, Christian Wolff, Earle Brown) ; the birth of Sound Art as we know it (Alvin Lucier, Max Neuhaus, Annea Lockwood) ; improvised and indeterminate music (the ONCE Group, Musica Elettronica Viva, Toshi Ichiyanagi) ; Fluxus and performance art with Dick Higgins or Allan Kaprow ; European sound poetry with the Fylkingen affiliated artists or Bernard Heidsieck ; the British Systems music of Cornelius Cardew, Howard Skempton, Michael Parsons and Gavin Bryars.

Source also welcomed the use of advanced technology (electronic, video, communications) to expand music's scope. The magazine published information on Don Buchla's newly built synthesizer, Nam June Paik's first video experiments or Lowell Cross's video/laser light shows featured in issue #9, 1971. The trend was perfectly in synch with the Art & Technology show at Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1971, where contemporary artists were offered to partner with engineers and technicians of their choice.

Specificities
 Themed issues: Some issues of Source have overtly or underlying specific themes, like issue #3, January 1968, stressing the importance of groups in new music and including scores, interviews or essays by ONCE Group, Musica Elettronica Viva, Sonic Arts Union and New Music Ensemble ; issue #8, July 1970, is on concrete and sound poetry, with a report on the Swedish scene from the Fylkingen festival and venue, and other independent sound poets like Bob Cobbing and Henri Chopin ; issue #6, July 1969, is on Politics ; issue #9 (1971) features circuit diagrams ; issue #11 (1972) introduces Fluxus and intermedia.
 Guest editors: a number of issues had guest editors who were invited to choose among the scores received by the magazine for possible inclusion, make their own suggestions of graphic scores to publish and bring their expertise on a specific field. Alvin Lucier included electronic experiments, in addition to the British Systems music forming the core of issue 10. Ken Friedman was asked to focus on Fluxus, performance and intermedia art in issue #11. John Cage took advantage of the skills of Source's resourceful printer, Doug Galbreath, to create a version of Not Wanting To Say Anything About Marcel printed on transparencies inserted in issue #7–8.
 Accompanying LP recordings: several issues came with a pair of 10-inch records, a format chosen to fit with the magazine's format of nearly 11" x 14". These recordings collected sound works by artists included in the magazine with issues 4, 7/8 and 9. The two 10-inch LPs coming with issue #4 were subsidized by Columbia records, thanks to David Behrman, an A&R representative for Columbia in the 1960s.

Notes

References

Appendix: Source Magazine issues content

New media art
Music organizations based in the United States
Music magazines published in the United States
American art
Visual arts magazines published in the United States
Conceptual art
Electronic music organizations
Magazines published in California
Visual music
Experimental music
Magazines established in 1967
Magazines disestablished in 1973


Johan Peter Jacobson (27 February 1857 – ??) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1900, representing the constituency of Nedenes Amt. He worked as a smith there. He served only one term.

References

1857 births
Year of death missing
Members of the Storting
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Aust-Agder politicians


P & T (later NITEL) Vasco da Gama was a Nigerian football club based in Enugu. It was sponsored by the Post and Telecommunications Department (P & T) of the Ministry of Communications.
The team was a founder member of the Nigerian League in 1972 and took its name from Brazilian squad CR Vasco da Gama.
The name changed when NITEL was created from the merger of the P & T with the Nigerian External Telecommunications Limited (NET.) in the mid-1980s.

The team was promoted to the premier league in 1993 after finishing second in the Second Division. However they were relegated after a record of 9 wins 10 ties and 13 losts (41 points). Vasco spent 1995 and 1996 in the second division before its management announced the disbandment of the club late November, 1996.

In 1997, the team's league slot was bought by the Akwa Ibom government and reborn as the Ibom Stars FC, the predecessor of Akwa United F.C.

References

External links
 Back in the Day Series – Nigerian Football (80s) AfricanLoft
 Rangers vs. Vasco: Excellence Wrought by J. B. Ogufere (Kwenu.com

Football clubs in Nigeria
Defunct football clubs in Nigeria
Association football clubs established in 1970
Enugu
Association football clubs disestablished in 1996
1996 disestablishments in Nigeria
Sports clubs and teams in Nigeria


KBX may refer to:

kbx, ISO 639-3 language code for Kambot language
KBX, a Library of Congress Classification
Kirby Cross railway station, UK national rail code KBX
Karachi Bunder And Sidings railway station, Pakistan station code KBX
PH-KBX, aircraft registration of Dutch royal family


Hans Syvert Jacobsen (3 August 1836 – 28 June 1901) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1898, representing the constituency of Flekkefjord. He worked as a merchant there. He served only one term. He was mayor of Flekkefjord in 1889.

References

1836 births
1901 deaths
Members of the Storting
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Mayors of places in Vest-Agder
People from Flekkefjord
Norwegian merchants
19th-century Norwegian businesspeople


The history of the Jews in Mongolia starts with the 19th century trade routes between Siberian-Jewish merchants and the Mongolians. This resulted in some Jewish families entering Mongolia.

History
Before 1920, most Jews that arrived in Mongolia were of Russian background, and had fled the chaos of the Russian Civil War. Some were even elevated to Mongolian nobility. This was the case of Baron Zanzer, who changed his name in honour of Zanabazar, the first Bogd Khan; the name and title become one in Mongolia and defined the identity of the person. The community was annihilated in 1921 by White Russians under the leadership of Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, who pursued even fleeing Jews and killed everyone of the 600 Jews: men, women & children. In 1925–6, a Russian-Jewish journalist came across a community of 50 newly settled families in a remote region of Outer Mongolia approximately  from the Manchurian border. In 1926, Ulaanbaatar had a population of 600 Russian Jews who had attempted to leave Outer Mongolia, which was a Soviet satellite at the time.

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, a number of Jewish citizens left the country in search of better economic opportunities. Some left for Israel, which had a visa agreement with Mongolia.

Present day
Many Israeli tourists visit Mongolia each summer, and the two countries have a mutual agreement for visa exemptions. Despite that, the Jewish population numbers less than 100. In 2003, the Mongol-Jewish Cooperation was formed, and its website answers questions about subjects such as Judaism and Israel. The organization's head, Sumati Luvsandendev, has said, "there are enough fingers on two hands to count all Jews who live here." The closest Jewish community with a rabbi is the Siberian city of Irkutsk, whose Chief Rabbi Aharon Wagner seeks to maintain close contact with the neighboring Mongolian Jewish community.

See also
History of the Jews in Central Asia
History of the Jews in Russia
History of the Jews in China

References

External links
Jewish virtual tour-Mongolia

Mongolia
Jewish
Jews and Judaism in Mongolia
Mongolia


Burn Rate: How I Survived the Gold Rush Years on the Internet is a 1998 non-fiction book by Michael Wolff, an account of Wolff's dotcom company, Wolff New Media.

Content

The "burn rate" of the title refers to the cash drain of the startup company.  Most of the plot revolves around Wolff's attempts to get funding from various sources: AOL, The Washington Post and Magellan.  Wolff recounts a growing animosity with his financial backers: Robert Machinist, Alan Patricof and Jon Rubin.  In the end, Wolff decides to abandon the company, resigning his position, cashing his uncollected salary, and returning to his roots as a journalist, by writing a tell-all book.

In side-light chapters to the "burn rate" plot, Wolff discusses his interactions with Internet pioneers such as Louis Rossetto, his confusion about what the Internet is, where it is headed.  In particular Wolff is concerned with how "media" on the Internet compares to traditional edited media, with interactive "chat" being more important than edited story-line content:  "people don't read on the Internet".

Publication history

Burn Rate was excerpted in the June 1998 issue of Wired. The book was released that fall, and has now had 4 editions and hardback and paperback versions.

Reactions

In October 1998, Wolff wrote that Isabel Maxwell and David Hayden of Magellan complained about their portrayals.  He also notes "letters from lawyers" from Jon Rubin and Alan Patricof.  From Robert Machinist, whom he labels as the "larger than life anti-hero" of the book, there was satisfaction at Burn Rate notoriety generating more business.

The Village Voice noted that Wolff had omitted to tell a part of the story of Wolff New Media's implosion:  that while Wolff was deferring his own salary to keep the company afloat, he encouraged his employees to do the same.  When Wolff collected his owed salary he exhausted the company's remaining cash reserves, resulting in the rest of his employees inability to receive any salary back-pay.

Reviews

 Business Week
 CNN
 Complete Review, The
 New York Times, The (Hafnert)
 New York Times, The (Lehmann-Haupt)
 New York Times, The (Stead)
 Salon.com
 San Francisco Chronicle, The
 Slate
 strategy+business
 Suck
 Writers Write (July 1998)

Related Interviews
 Austin Chronicle, The
 Writers Write (August 1998)

References

Books about computer and internet entrepreneurs
Books by Michael Wolff
1998 non-fiction books
Simon & Schuster books


David Rotem (, 11 January 1949 – 8 June 2015) was an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2007 and 2015.

Biography
Rotem was born in Bnei Brak and grew up in Jerusalem. He attended Horev, a religious elementary School and the Horev Yeshiva High School. From 1966 to 1967 he studied at Bell Lane, a Jewish school  in London. Between 1967 and 1971 he studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining an LLB.

In 1972 he became an assistant at the Faculty of Law at Bar-Ilan University, a position he held until 1977. Between 1978 and 1980 he worked as a lecturer on legislative law at the same institution. He has also served as a member of the executive committee of Sha'arei Tzedek Medical Center, and deputy chairman of the Central Elections Committee.

He spoke Yiddish and English, and was nicknamed Dudu. He served on the boards of several not-for-profit organizations.

Political career
Formerly a member of the National Religious Party, he was placed twelfth on the Yisrael Beiteinu list for the 2006 Knesset elections. Although the party won only eleven seats, Rotem entered the Knesset on 16 January 2007 as a replacement for the deceased Yuri Stern. He retained his seat in the 2009 elections, for which he was placed eighth on the party's list. He was re-elected for a third term in the 2013 elections on the joint Likud–Yisrael Beiteinu list.

Known for his "typical bluntness," and serving as the "powerful chairman" of the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, Rotem has worked on issues of religion and state. An Orthodox Jew, he has conducted negotiations regarding the conversion and civil partnership bills, two laws his party promised to pass, mainly to benefit immigrants from the former Soviet Union. The conversion bill was criticized by both Orthodox and Reform constituents, while the civil partnership bill was attacked by those favoring civil marriage in Israel. The civil union law, while limited, was passed and survived review by the High Court. It applies only to unions where both Israelis are listed as "without religion," but Rotem described it as a first step in the direction of civil marriages. Civil marriage advocates, who note that this law affects approximately 30,000 Israelis, view it as a positive development they hope that may will lead to "more far-reaching legislation."

In 2010 Rotem's committee unanimously approved a bill allowing Israeli absorption committees of small communities to reject applicants who did not meet certain criteria, such as "suitability to the community's fundamental outlook." Critics called this legislation racist and discriminatory, since it would allow communities to deny residence to applicants based on their gender, religion, or socioeconomic status. As committee chair, Rotem commented on criticism that the bill's intent was to deny equal residential access to Arabs: "In my opinion, every Jewish town needs at least one Arab. What would happen if my refrigerator stopped working on a Saturday?" A petition to overturn the law was filed, but the law was upheld by a 5–4 vote of the High Court of Justice.

Rotem was involved in conversion legislation in 2010 that created difficulties with the Jewish diaspora. Jonathan Sarna, professor of American Jewish history at Brandeis University, noted that Rotem said he intended to solve the problem of conversions, but in a move that the diaspora though was "sleight-of-hand," Rotem inserted an amendment  making conversion subject to the Israeli chief Rabbinate, an institution viewed as hostile to the Jewish diaspora. Sarna recalled that Rotem insisted he was misunderstood and was sorry. Richard Jacobs (rabbi), president of the Union for Reform Judaism, said Rotem's bill was stopped because "Jewish federations and denominations leaned heavily on Prime Minister Netanyahu." Jacobs commented that the diaspora considers some of Rotem's perspective problematic because of the high impact legislation  Rotem's committee works on, such as issues of Jewish identity and pluralism. To avert what The New York Times called a "crisis" in the relationship between Israel and the diaspora, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared he would delay this legislation which "could tear apart the Jewish people." Rotem, on the other hand, said criticism was based on misinterpretation of the legislation on the part of Reform and Conservative leaders. "They need to check the facts before they speak. They are acting like absolute idiots."

In June 2013 Rotem was in line to become the newest addition to the influential Judicial Nominations Committee. However, in a last minute upset, he was defeated by a candidate from the opposition.

In political matters regarding religion, Rotem continued to generate controversy. In 2013, he said in an interview that Reform rabbis were not rabbis, and in 2014 while head of the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, Rotem was heard referring to the Jewish Reform movement as "another religion" and "not Jewish." The director of the Anti-Defamation League, Abe Foxman labelled Rotem's comments "inappropriate, offensive and unjustified," and demanded a quick and unequivocal apology to Reform Jews. When publication of the remark created an uproar, Rotem wrote to a critic: "Indeed, this comment was a mistake, and I intend to rectify it at the upcoming meeting of the committee on Sunday." The executive director of the Reform Movement in Israel, Gilad Kariv, he explained to Rotem why the term "another religion" was so disturbing to non-Orthodox Jews. "Beyond the obvious reasons, this is a legal term that appears in the Law of Return, where it says that a Jew who practices 'another religion' is not eligible for aliyah, and that is very significant," said Kariv. On the other hand, fellow Knesset member Uri Maklev defended Rotem against Reform Jewish pressure, saying, "The Reform movement persecutes the Jewish people and attempts to crushes it from within. ... They are the biggest enemy of the Jewish people and they cause assimilation. [The Reform movement's] tentacles are everywhere. They bribe politicians and the press. They have created an unprecedented pressure group."

In February 2014, a meeting between U.S. Ambassador Dan Shapiro and Knesset "Land of Israel" caucus members, which was supposed to be closed and off the record, was secretly recorded and leaked to the press. Rotem was quoted in the meeting as challenging the American ambassador. "How can we trust you?" Rotem demanded. "When have you stood by us in the past?" While then MK Reuven Rivlin joined Rotem in criticizing the American approach, others like MK Hilik Bar lamented the Knesset members' attacks on "the ambassador of our closest friend."

In August 2014 Rotem joined several other right-wing MKs in sponsoring a bill that would make Hebrew the only official language of Israel. Current law, which dates back to the British Mandate, requires that both Arabic and Hebrew be used in a wide variety of government functions, including the legal system and government ministries.

On 6 January 2015 Rotem announced that he planned to leave politics and would not contest the 2015 elections. He died at home from cardiac arrest on 8 June 2015.

Views
Settlements in the West Bank
Participating in a 2007 demonstration march on the then-Prime Minister Ehud Olmert's residence, Rotem said, "We're telling the Israeli government to not raise its hand to divide Jerusalem or to raise its hand against the settlements in Judea and Samaria." He continued: "We did not build these settlements in vain. And we will not allow the Israeli government, the minister of defense or the prime minister to freeze construction." In 2014 he delayed legislation that would require transparency in settlement funding, noting he did not want to provide opponents with information that could be used to "bring a Supreme Court lawsuit and prevent construction in Judea and Samaria."

On drafting Haredim
Rotem believes all Israelis should be drafted for national service, including Haredim and Arabs. In a panel discussion on the Knesset television station, he stated, "It is preferable to have goyim that fight on behalf of the state and are willing to die than to have parasites that remain unwilling to contribute to the state.

On the national anthem
When Christian Arab Supreme Court judge Justice Salim Joubran did not join in singing "Hatikvah," the national anthem with explicit references to Judaism, Rotem called for the judge's removal. While most Jewish Israelis found the justice's behavior appropriate as he stood respectfully but refrained from singing, Rotem declared that anyone who objects to the Zionist anthem "can find a state with a more appropriate anthem and move there."

Recognition of non-Orthodox streams of Judaism in Israel
In an interview with the Jerusalem Post, Rotem commented on his views regarding Reform and Conservative Judaism in Israel. "We will not recognize non-Orthodox rabbis, conversions or marriage," Rotem said. "I don't need Conservative and Reform communities in this country. In this country you can be Jewish, religious or not religious, and I don't want to change this. I don't want a Reform rabbi to check my dishes," he added.

Personal life
At the time of his death, Rotem lived in the Israeli settlement of Efrat, and was married with five children.

References

External links

1949 births
2015 deaths
Academic staff of Bar-Ilan University
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
Members of the Knesset with disabilities
Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Law alumni
Israeli Jews
Israeli settlers
Jewish Israeli politicians
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
People from Bnei Brak
Yisrael Beiteinu politicians


This is a list of drag queens, sometimes known as female impersonators, drag performers, or drag artists.

Performers

See also
 List of RuPaul's Drag Race contestants
 List of exóticos

References

External links
 List of Drag Queens/Drag Performers  at draglistings.com

Drag (entertainment)-related lists
queens


Ariël Jacobs (; born 25 July 1953) is a Belgian football manager and former player who most recently managed Ligue 1 side Valenciennes FC and is currently employed as Director of Football at Oud-Heverlee Leuven.

Managerial career
While at La Louvière he led them to victory in the 2002–03 Belgian Cup.

Jacobs became new manager of FC Copenhagen in June 2012 following Carsten V. Jensen's resignation. His first season as manager of the club was a success and he led the club to the Danish Superliga-title in the 2012–13 season. On 21 August 2013, he was sacked as manager of FC Copenhagen as he failed to win in his first five games in the league.

On 14 October 2013, Jacobs was appointed manager of Valenciennes FC. He failed to secure the team from relegation following the 2013–14 Ligue 1 and he therefore left the club in July 2014.

Honours

Manager
La Louvière
 Belgian Cup: 2002–03

Anderlecht Belgian First Division: 2009–10, 2011–12
 Belgian Cup: 2007–08
 Belgian Super Cup: 2007, 2010Copenhagen Danish Superliga: 2012-2013Individual'''
 Belgian Professional Manager of the Year: 2009–10
 Guy Thys Award: 2010–11

References

External links
 F.C. Copenhagen profile
 Profile FootGoal

1953 births
Living people
Belgian men's footballers
Belgian football managers
K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen managers
R.W.D. Molenbeek (1909) managers
R.A.A. Louviéroise managers
Royal Excel Mouscron managers
R.S.C. Anderlecht managers
F.C. Copenhagen managers
Valenciennes FC managers
Ligue 1 managers
People from Vilvoorde
Men's association football defenders
K.F.C. Diest players
K. Diegem Sport players
Danish Superliga managers
Expatriate football managers in Denmark
Belgian Pro League managers
Footballers from Flemish Brabant
Oud-Heverlee Leuven non-playing staff


Colm & Jim-Jim are an Irish radio duo.

Radio personalities
 Colm Hayes, (born Colm Caffrey) an Irish radio and television personality
Jim-Jim Nugent, an Irish radio and television personality

Radio shows
 The Colm & Jim-Jim Breakfast Show, a 2fm radio show presented by Hayes and Nugent
 The Strawberry Alarm Clock, an FM104 radio show that launched the Hayes and Nugent professional partnership

TV shows
 Colm and Jim-Jim's Home Run, an RTÉ One game show presented by Hayes and Nugent

References

FM104 presenters
Radio sidekicks
RTÉ 2fm presenters
RTÉ television presenters
Television sidekicks


Chen Tanqiu (; 4 January 1896 – 27 September 1943) was a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Chen Tanqiu graduated from Wuhan Higher Normal School (present day Wuhan University) after which he played a leadership role in the May Fourth Movement in 1919. Chen then created the Wuhan Communist group with Dong Biwu in 1920. In 1921, Chen and Dong Biwu went to the meeting that established the CCP, later known as the first National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

After he returned from the national congress, Chen continued as the local leader of the CCP. In February 1923, Chen was one of the leaders who organized the February 7th Jinghan Railway Strike that sparked the labor movement nationwide.

Chen Tanqiu was a delegate of the CCP to the Comintern between 1935 and 1939. Chen was also elected to the third, fifth, sixth and seventh national CCP Congress. However, the delegates of the seventh national party congress were not aware of his execution by Sheng Shicai in 1943.

References

1896 births
1943 deaths
Alternate members of the 5th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Alternate members of the 6th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hubei
Delegates to the 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Delegates to the 3rd National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Delegates to the 4th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Delegates to the 5th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
International Lenin School alumni
Members of the 7th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
People executed by the Republic of China
Politicians from Huanggang
Republic of China politicians from Hubei
Wuhan University alumni


Daniel Apai (born 1977) is a professor and astrophysicist at The University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. He is known for his studies of astrobiology, extrasolar planets, and the formation of planetary systems. He is the principal investigator of the Earths in Other Solar Systems team of NASA's Nexus for Exoplanet System Studies and the Hubble Space Telescope Cloud Atlas Treasury program, and Project EDEN, a large survey for habitable planets in the immediate solar neighborhood. He is leading the Nautilus Space Observatory space telescope concept and co-leading the technology development underpinning it.

Career
Daniel Apai was born in Szeged, Hungary in 1977 and grew up in Budapest, Hungary.
He studied physics at the University of Szeged, Hungary and the University of Jena, Germany, and received a diploma as research physicist in 2000. After graduation, he was awarded a German Academic Exchange Service Doctoral Fellowship and began his doctoral studies at the University of Jena, under the supervision of Thomas Henning on observational studies of young stars. In 2002 he moved to the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany and he received his Ph.D. from the University of Heidelberg in 2004. In 2004 he was the recipient of the Patzer Price. Between 2004 and 2008 Daniel Apai has worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Steward Observatory's NASA Astrobiology Institute node on high-contrast adaptive optics direct imaging searches for extrasolar planets. In 2008, Apai took on a position at the Space Telescope Science Institute as an assistant astronomer at the institute's Science Policy Group. In 2011, he moved back to faculty of the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, where he is full professor since 2021. He also held short-term visiting positions at The University of Texas, at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, and at The University of Bern.

Work
Apai's work includes detailed comparative studies of planet formation around sun-like stars and low-mass stars; his team has discovered that the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks depends on stellar mass. He used, for the first time, multi-epoch near-infrared radial velocity measurements to demonstrate that many O-type stars have massive companions at the time of their formation. Apai has also used the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope to carry out pioneering observations to map condensate clouds in brown dwarf and exoplanet atmospheres. These studies demonstrated that brown dwarfs at the L- to T spectral type transition have clouds with varying thickness, and that many brown dwarfs have zonal circulation and planetary-scale waves. Daniel Apai was also a member of the team that discovered and imaged the super-jupiter Beta Pictoris b around the star Beta Pictoris.

Nautilus Space Observatory
In 2016, Apai assembled a group of optical scientists, astrophysicists, and aerospace engineers to address a key technological challenge to scaling up astronomical space telescopes, with the goal of proposing a novel space telescope to NASA to survey a thousand extrasolar planets for atmospheric signatures of life (biosignatures). This effort led to the successful development of a new optical technology, Multi-Order Diffractive Engineered Material (MODE) lenses, that combine refraction with diffraction to form high-quality images with an ultra-light optical element that can be cost-effectively fabricated. By replacing expensive and technologically challenging primary mirrors, the MODE technology has the potential to enable production of low-cost but large-aperture space telescopes. In an ‘’Astronomical Journal’’ paper published in 2019, Apai and his team described a large and relatively low-cost array of identical unit telescopes that combines light incoherently, providing a light-collecting area equivalent of a single 50 m-diameter telescope. This concept is named the Nautilus Space Observatory (aka Nautilus Deep Space Observatory). With a light-collecting area about 100 times greater than that of the James Webb Space Telescope and ten times greater than that of the LUVOIR space telescope concept, Nautilus Deep Space Observatory is designed to survey extrasolar planets for biosignatures in a 10–100 times larger sample than other space telescope concepts yet envisioned. The first such unit space telescope, with a notional 8.5m-diameter lens, was proposed as the Nautilus Probe to the Astronomy 2020 Decadal Survey.

Publications and Books
Daniel Apai is an author of over 400 professional publications. He co-edited (with Dante Lauretta) the book Protoplanetary Dust, published by Cambridge University Press.

See also
 Nautilus Deep Space Observatory

References

1977 births
20th-century Hungarian astronomers
21st-century American astronomers
University of Szeged alumni
Heidelberg University alumni
University of Arizona faculty
Living people
Planetary scientists
Astrobiologists
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Hungarian expatriates in Germany


"Are They Going To Hang My Papa?" is a labor song in support of Bill Haywood, Charles Moyer and George Pettibone, then on trial for the murder of Frank Steunenberg.
It is written from the viewpoint of Haywood's daughter, "little Henrietta". The miners were acquitted.

The author, "Owen Spendthrift", is usually thought to be a pseudonym, but the name is also found as the author of the words to a Scott Joplin song, "When Your Hair is Like the Snow", also written in 1907.

References

External links
 MP3

1907 songs
American songs
Songs about fathers
Songs based on American history
Trade union songs


Octavius Vaughan Morgan (1837 – 26 February 1896) was a Welsh-born Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1892.

The eighth son of Thomas Morgan of Pipton, near Glasbury, Breconshire (1796–1847), he was educated at Priory School, Abergavenny.

With his five brothers, Morgan founded the mercantile firm of Morgan Bros. of Cannon Street, the Patent Plumbago Crucible Company at Battersea (later known as the Morgan Crucible Company), and trade journals such as the European Mail, the Ironmonger and the Chemist and Druggist. He served as a captain in the 7th Surrey Rifle Volunteers and was a justice of the peace for Surrey.

At the 1885 general election Morgan was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Battersea. However, his right to sit was questioned in 1886, as Morgan Crucible Co. held government contracts; from which, however, he had disassociated himself before his nomination. Morgan took the Manor of Northstead to resign from Parliament until the question was settled, but was returned unopposed at the ensuing by-election in February 1886. He held the seat at the general election in July 1886, and sat for Battersea until 1892. At the 1892 general election he instead contested the seat of Ashton-under-Lyne, but failed to be elected.

Morgan married Katharine Anne Simkin, daughter of Henry Simkin of Highbury in 1867. They lived at The Boltons. Their daughter Lucy Marianne married J.F.L. Brunner.  His great-nephew was the Conservative politician John Vaughan-Morgan.

References

External links

1837 births
1896 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1885–1886
UK MPs 1886–1892


John Appleyard (born 20 July 1938) is an English former List A cricketer. Born at Hitchin, he was a left-arm slow bowler who played for Hertfordshire. He made his first cricketing appearance in 1957, at the age of 19, playing for Essex's Second XI, taking two wickets in the first innings in which he bowled. Appleyard appeared occasionally in the Minor Counties Championship between 1960 and 1965 for Buckinghamshire. He made his List A debut in the Gillette Cup competition of 1966, and also appeared in the 1969, 1971 and 1974 competitions.

References

1938 births
Living people
English cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
Buckinghamshire cricketers
Sportspeople from Hitchin
Cricketers from Hertfordshire


The 1992 BMW Open was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Munich, Germany. It was the 76th edition of the edition of the tournament and was held from 27 April through 4 May 1992. Unseeded Magnus Larsson won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Magnus Larsson defeated  Petr Korda 6–4, 4–6, 6–1
 It was Larsson's 3rd title of the year and the 5th of his career.

Doubles

 David Adams /  Menno Oosting defeated  Tomáš Anzari /  Carl Limberger 3–6, 7–5, 6–3
 It was Adams's only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Oosting's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

References

External links
 ATP tournament profile
 ITF tournament details

BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships
BMW Open
BMW Open


A Real Basket Case is a mystery novel written by Beth Groundwater.  The book, published by Five Star Publishing, was initially released on March 21, 2007.  It was later re-published in large print in January 2008. The novel follows the story of protagonist Claire Hanover who sets out to discover the identity of her husband's killer.

It was nominated for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007.  The sequel, To Hell in a Handbasket was scheduled to be published in 2009.

Awards and recognition
Beth Groundwater won the Princess of Rejection Prize from the Sisters in Crime Guppies Chapter for receiving the second most rejections for her writings by the winter of 2005. However, in 2007, A Real Basket Case was nominated for the Best First Novel Agatha Award.

Reception
The novel received favorable reviews in several major newspapers.  Barbara Bibel from Booklist review commented that, "This will appeal to Desperate Housewives fans and those who like cozies with a bit of spice."  Kirkus Reviews called A Real Basket Case "A tense, exciting debut."

Author J.B. Thompson praised the novel, saying "Groundwater’s well-crafted characters comprise a nicely balanced cast, and she does a good job incorporating a blend of humor and relationship drama into a deftly twisted plot with the kind of surprise ending guaranteed to satisfy. Quick-paced and well written with clear and comfortable prose, A Real Basket Case is a perfect afternoon read for cozy fans," though he also criticized the main character Claire as fallible.

Sequels
Following the acclaim received for her first novel, Groundwater went on to write two sequel murder mysteries following the same protagonist Clare Hanover. To Hell In a Handbasket was published in 2012, and A Basket of Trouble was published in 2013. Both published by Midnight Ink, a subsidiary of First Printing.

References

2007 American novels
American mystery novels


Alex Miller (, born 4 April 1977) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu from 2006 until 2013 and again from 2014 until 2015. He is currently chairman of the Histadrut division for work with repatriates and interaction with national institutions, chairman of the Board of Directors of the educational network "Amal" and a member of the board of directors of the Company of Culture and Sports Centers.

Biography
Born in Moscow, Soviet Union (now Russia), Miller made aliyah to Israel on 29 January 1992. He gained a BA in education and an MA in Public Policy.

For the 2006 Knesset elections he was placed tenth on the Yisrael Beiteinu list, and became a Knesset member when the party won 11 seats. During his first term he chaired the subcommittee for alternative energy sources.

Moved down to fifteenth on the party's list for the 2009 elections, Miller barely retained his seat as Yisrael Beitenu won 15 seats. For the 2013 elections he was placed 33rd on the joint Likud Yisrael Beiteinu list, and lost his seat as the alliance won only 31 seats. However, he returned to the Knesset on 6 August 2014 as a replacement for Carmel Shama, who resigned after becoming Israel's envoy to the OECD.

He was placed eleventh on the party's list for the 2015 elections, losing his seat when the party was reduced to six seats.

On 18 January 2021 Miller was appointed chairman of the Board of Directors of the educational network "Amal". On 14 September 2021 he was appointed chairman of the Histadrut division for work with repatriates and interaction with national institutions.

References

External links

1977 births
Politicians from Moscow
Israeli Jews
Russian Jews
Living people
Yisrael Beiteinu politicians
Israeli settlers
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset


Andrea Ruth Mitchell (7 February 1956 – 4 April 2020) was an Australian politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 2008 to 2017, representing the seat of Kingsley. She was a minister in the government of Colin Barnett from March 2016.

Early life
Mitchell was born in Brisbane, Queensland, to Margaret Isabel (née Gracie) and Ronald Selby Mitchell. She and her family moved to Perth when she was 13, where she attended Melville Senior High School. She went on to the University of Western Australia, receiving a Bachelor of Physical Education degree and a teaching diploma. Mitchell worked as a physical education teacher for 15 years at various Perth high schools, and was then employed by the state government's Department of Sport and Recreation, initially as a consultant and then in managerial positions. She was also president of Tennis West from 1996 to 2008, a director of Tennis Australia from 1997 to 2008, and a director of the Hopman Cup. In 2000, Mitchell was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for her work.

Politics
At the 2008 state election, Mitchell ran for the Liberal Party in the seat of Kingsley. She defeated the sitting Labor member, Judy Hughes, with 54.5 percent of the two-party-preferred vote. Mitchell increased her majority at the 2013 election, recording 60.0 percent on first preferences and 64.8 of the two-party-preferred vote to turn Kingsley into a safe Liberal seat. Mitchell made her maiden speech to the Legislative Assembly on Thursday, 6 November 2008.

After the 2013 election, she was made a parliamentary secretary. In 2014, Mitchell worked through the Legislative Assembly to pass the Mental Health Act 2014. Mitchell was elevated to the ministry in March 2016, replacing Helen Morton as Minister for Child Protection and Minister for Mental Health. Mitchell narrowly lost Kingsley to Labor's Jessica Stojkovski at the 11 March 2017 State Election by 307 votes after preferences, making the seat of Kingsley the second most marginal seat in WA after Labor's landslide election win.

Mitchell died on 4 April 2020, as a result of a long-term heart condition.

See also
 Women in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Australian sports executives and administrators
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Western Australia
People educated at Melville Senior High School
Politicians from Brisbane
University of Western Australia alumni
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
Women members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal


The Yakovlev Yak-100 was a single-engine, transport helicopter developed in the USSR in 1948. This was the Yakovlev Design Bureau's second helicopter.

Design and development
The Yak-100 (initially designated Yak-22) was developed in direct competition with Mikhail Mil's Mi-1. Bearing a striking resemblance to the Sikorsky H-5, the Yak-100 had a conventional main and anti-torque rotor configuration, driven by an Ivchenko AI-26GRFL radial piston engine. The pilot and crewman/passenger sat under a long greenhouse-style canopy, with very good visibility.

Flight trials progressed quickly, with the almost ubiquitous vibration being tackled by moving the centre of gravity of the main rotor blades behind their flexural axes. Manufacturer's trials were completed in June 1950, with successful State acceptance trials following later that year.

Although successful in trials, the Yak-100 was not put into production because the equally successful Mi-1 had already been prepared for production before the Yak-100 had completed acceptance trials. The second prototype had three seats as well as other minor improvements.

Specifications (Yak-100)

See also

References

Further reading

1940s Soviet military transport aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Military helicopters
Yak-100
1940s Soviet helicopters
Single-engined piston helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1948


The Baleares class are a group of five frigates built for the Spanish navy in the 1970s. The ships are a modified version of the American s. The key differences are the replacement of the Sea Sparrow PDMS and ASW helicopter facilities by Standard SAM and associated radars. They received a SPS-52B 3D search radar and one SPG-51 illuminator for the Standard SM-1 medium range SAM, fired from a Mk22 16-round single arm launcher. The SQS-26 long range LF sonar was replaced by a SQS-23G MF sonar, while two Mk25 tubes for Mk37 torpedoes were mounted in the transom. The SQS-35 variable depth sonar was maintained.

The five ships were upgraded several times during their service lives. They received a Spanish TRITAN combat data system and the EW suite was upgraded with Spanish equipment. Mk36 SROC decoy launchers were also added, as well as two quadruple Harpoon launchers amidships. Two Meroka CIWS gun system were also fitted. The old SQS-23G sonar was replaced by a modern DE-1160LF set built in Spain (a larger, lower frequency version of the SQS-56 sonar) and the Mk25 tubes were removed to allow for female crewmember berthing.

The ships have recently been retired, in order to assume the costs of the F100 frigates (the Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate), which will replace the Baleares class on a one-to-one basis.

Ships in class

All ships were built in Ferrol. They made up the 31 Escort Squadron, based in Ferrol. The Spanish Navy adopted the Standard SAM, providing the class an anti-air (A/A) capability, which the American Knox class lacked.

References

Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947 -1995

Frigates of the Spanish Navy
Frigate classes
Ships built in Spain


This Way Up is the eleventh studio album by British-Irish singer Chris de Burgh, released in 1994 on A&M Records. Two singles from the album charted in the United Kingdom: "Blonde Hair, Blue Jeans" (No. 51) and "The Snows of New York" (No. 60).

Track listing
All tracks written by Chris de Burgh, except where noted.
"This Silent World" – 4:07
"This Is Love" – 3:47
"This Weight on Me" – 4:04
"Here Is Your Paradise" (de Burgh, Steve Duberry) – 3:28
"Oh My Brave Hearts" (de Burgh, Duberry) – 6:51
"Blonde Hair, Blue Jeans" – 3:25
"The Son and the Father" – 2:49
"Up Here in Heaven" – 5:56
"You Are the Reason" – 4:00
"Love's Got a Hold on Me" (de Burgh, Albert Hammond) – 3:44
"The Snows of New York" (de Burgh, Hammond) – 3:03

Personnel

 Chris de Burgh – lead and backing vocals
 Victor Martin – keyboards
 Neil Taylor – lead and rhythm guitars
 Phil Spalding – additional rhythm guitar, bass guitar, backing vocals
 Jimmy Copley – drums
 Stephen McDonnell – brass (6)
 Nick Ingman – string arrangements (4, 7, 8)
 The London Session Orchestra – orchestra (4, 7, 8)
 Peter Smith – backing vocals
 Hannah Clive – backing vocals (6)

Production

 Produced, engineered and mixed by Peter Smith
 Assistant engineers – Rob Kirwan and Jim Lowe
 Mix assistant – Ben Darlow
 Design – Jeremy Pearce at Stylorouge
 Management – Dave Margereson and Kenny Thomson

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Chris de Burgh albums
1994 albums
A&M Records albums


Edyta Górniak is the self-titled second studio album and first international album by Polish singer Edyta Górniak. It was released in Japan under the name Kiss Me, Feel Me.

Reception
The eponymous album sold more than 150,000 copies worldwide and was successful in Japan, South Africa, and Europe. It was certified a Platinum album by the Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (ZPAV) in 1998.

Track listing

Standard release
 "Anything"
 "If I Give Myself (Up) To You"
 "Perfect Moment"
 "When You Come Back To Me"
 "Be Good Or Be Gone"
 "One & One"
 "Linger"
 "Soul Boy"
 "I Don't Know What's On Your Mind"
 "The Day I Get Over You"
 "Miles & Miles Away"
 "That's The Way I Feel About You"
 "Gone"

Japanese version (entitled Kiss Me, Feel Me)
 "Coming Back To Love" (Bonus track)
 "Hunting High & Low" (Bonus track)
 "Under Her Spell" (Bonus track)

Polish special re-edition
 "Hunting High & Low" (Bonus track)
 "Coming Back To Love" (Bonus track)
 "Hope For Us" (Duet with José Carreras) (Bonus track)

Release history
 Japan: November 7, 1997
 Poland: November 10, 1997
 Switzerland: 1998

Charts

References

1997 albums
Albums produced by Christopher Neil


Buck Owens is the debut album on Capitol Records by Buck Owens, released in 1961. It would mark the beginning of a long association for Owens with producer Ken Nelson.

Owens' single "High as the Mountain" reached Number 27 on the Billboard Country Singles charts. It, and "Nobody's Fool But Yours", is included as a bonus track on the 1995 re-issue by Sundazed Records.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Cub Koda wrote of the CD reissue "Featuring Owens' early development of the Bakersfield sound... Transfers are astonishingly crisp and clear, showing producer Ken Nelson's touch to good advantage. The sound that became the legend starts right here."

Track listing
All songs by Buck Owens unless otherwise noted.
 "Above and Beyond" (Harlan Howard) – 2:24
 "Second Fiddle" – 2:03
 "Tired of Livin'" – 2:00
 "I Gotta Right to Know" (Owens, Rolly Weber) – 2:32
 "Excuse Me (I Think I've Got a Heartache)" (Howard, Owens) – 2:25
 "I'll Give My Heart to You" – 2:00
 "Under Your Spell Again" – 2:40
 "My Everlasting Love" – 2:16
 "Take Me Back Again" – 2:36
 "'Til These Dreams Come True" (Owens, Dusty Rhodes) – 2:26
 "Walk the Floors" (Owens, Rhodes) – 2:23
 "I'll Take a Chance on Loving You" (Buck Owens, Lucy Cole)– 2:01
1995 re-issue bonus tracks:
 "High as the Mountain" – 2:21
 "Nobody's Fool But Yours" – 2:14

Recorded
Oct 9, 1958, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (2,8,11,12)
June 16, 1959, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (3,7)
Dec 23, 1959, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (1,4,5,10)
Dec 3, 1960, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (6,9)

References

1961 albums
Buck Owens albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


Shontelligence is the debut studio album of Barbadian R&B/pop singer Shontelle. It was released on November 18, 2008. The album was re-released featuring the new single "Stuck with Each Other", on March 10, 2009.

Background
Speaking to noted UK R&B writer Pete Lewis of the award-winning 'Blues & Soul' in February 2009, Shontelle described how the album title first came about: "We were actually hanging out in the studio, kinda waiting for things to bubble up - you know, the guys there tend to get a bit silly sometimes with their sense of humour. So one guy somehow comes up with this bright idea - 'Hey Shontelle! Let's play a word-game with your name today! Whoever can come up with the most words using your name gets free lunch!'! So they're like 'Shontel-evator', 'Shontel-evision', 'Shontel-icopter'... Then my engineer, Al, suddenly turns round and says 'Yeah, that's some real Shontelligence there!'... And straightaway everyone in the studio turned around at the same time, and were like 'That has to be your album title!'!"

Reception

Critical

The album has received generally mixed reviews from music critics.

Ben Ratliffe of The New York Times gave the album a mixed review stating that:
Any pop singer who's been through that mill, willingly or not, has something to tell, but it feels as if Shontelle's individuality is being squelched. The first two tracks, T-Shirt and Battle Cry, both produced by Wayne Wilkins, are the singles, and they stand apart from the rest of the album. They're rampagingly sweet R&B songs, one about the solidarity of lust, one about the solidarity of friendship. After that -- largely in songs produced by Mr. Sturken and Mr. Rogers -- things go sharply downhill. There are enough acoustic guitar and reggae grooves to distinguish Shontelligence from most R&B records, but it hardly matters; this is a record in which a song called Ghetto Lullabye, inevitably rhymes its title with the line hush now, shorty, don't you cry. A potential identity for Shontelle almost rises up in Plastic People, about political conformity, but it's for naught: redolent of Des'ree's You Gotta Be, the song is already drowning in sonic conformity.

Alex Macpherson of The Guardian gave the album a mixed 3/5 stars, citing the artist's "thoughtful songwriting and an understated vocal presence". The Guardian'''s Paul Lester was more negative, saying the album's lead single was horrible and that he preferred Rihanna to Shontelle, and labeled her a "wannabe hitmaker", citing "the bland lyrics" of "T-Shirt" being comparable to any R&B song. Both reviewers compared Shontelle to Ne-Yo.

David Balls of Digital Spy gave the album a mixed 3/5 stars:
Crafted by a team of established hitmakers including Stargate and Evan Rogers and Carl Sturken, Shontelligence certainly has the potential to shift units in an age of disposable R&B. But considering Shontelle's high-achieving past, it's disappointing that the handful of shining moments are dimmed by a barrage of mediocrity. Still, with her strong ambition and clear determination to succeed, you wouldn't bet against her best being yet to come.

Singles
 "T-Shirt" was released as the first single from the album on July 15, 2008. It peaked at number thirty-six on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, giving Shontelle her first Top 40 hit. The song was released in the UK on February 23, 2009. The song was most successful there because it reached number six on the UK chart. It was also A-listed on Radio 1's playlist and received strong rotation on music channels. The song peaked inside the Top 50 in Canada and Ireland as well.
 "Stuck with Each Other" (featuring Akon) was released as the second single from the album on February 10, 2009. The song was a bonus track from the re-release of the album and it was also featured on the film Confessions of a Shopaholics soundtrack, from which it was released as a promotional single from. It was released only in the form of a digital download in the UK on May 25, 2009 but still managed to reach number twenty-three there. The single also peaked at number fifty in Ireland and number sixty-four on the US Billboard Pop 100 despite receiving no promotion and minimal airplay. The single failed to chart on the US Hot 100, however.
 "Battle Cry" was released as the third and final single from the album on June 9, 2009. It was released as a promo single on October 21, 2008 in support of the Barack Obama compilation album. The song failed to chart in the US. "Battle Cry" was also released in the UK as the third single on August 10, 2009 and reached a peak of number sixty-one there, without promotion.

Other Notable Songs
 "Roll It" was a song written by Sheldon Benjamin and Shontelle for Alison Hinds, and was originally titled "Roll It Gal". It became a huge hit in many Caribbean countries. The song was later re-released in certain areas of Europe under the new title "Roll It" and was performed by J-Status and Rihanna with backing vocals from Shontelle. It was most successful in Finland, reaching number 8 on their chart. Shontelle included the song on her debut album with vocals sang solely by her.
 "Superwoman" was announced as the fourth single in the United States, due for a September 2009 release, but Shontelle officially stated that it would not be released as a single.

Track listingNotes':
  At a certain point in 2009, a second reissue of the album was pressed and released outside of North America placing "Stuck with Each Other" as track two on the track list prior to "Battle Cry", with all other songs being placed one spot afterwards, with the exception of "I Crave You", which was removed and replaced by "Naughty" as track ten. The new editions of the album were also released to the iTunes Store, where they retained "Blaze It Up" as an exclusive thirteenth track.
 "I Crave You", "Blaze It Up" and the Bimbo Jones vocal remix of "T-Shirt" later came to appear as tracks thirteen, fourteen and fifteen on the Japan edition of Shontelligence'', released May 20, 2009.

Charts

References

External links
 Official website

2008 debut albums
Albums produced by Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers
Albums produced by Stargate
Shontelle albums
Contemporary R&B albums by Barbadian artists


The 1993 BMW Open was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Munich, Germany. The tournament was held from 26 April through 3 May 1993. Second-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Ivan Lendl defeated  Michael Stich 7–6(7–2), 6–3
It was Lendl's 1st title of the year and the 99th of his career.

Doubles

 Martin Damm /  Henrik Holm defeated  Karel Nováček /  Carl-Uwe Steeb 6–0, 3–6, 7–5
It was Damm's 1st title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Holm's 1st title of the year and the 1st of his career.

References

External links
 ATP – Tournament profile
 ITF – Tournament details


The Microjet 200 was a French jet trainer designed and built by Microjet SA.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed by Microjet SA as a vehicle for the small gas turbine engines produced by Microturbo and as a two-seat lightweight jet trainer. The 200 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear and a v-tail. It is powered by two Microturbo TRS 18-1 turbojets. It had side-by-side seating for an instructor and student. The all-wood prototype 200 first flew on 24 June 1980. Three pre-production aircraft designated 200B were built of mixed construction and the first flew on 19 May 1983.  The third had small winglets on the tail. The project failed to gain any interest and no production aircraft were built.

Variants
200
Prototype, one built.
200B
Pre-production, three built.

Specifications (200B)

References

Further reading

External links

Minijets - Microjet 200

1980s French military trainer aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Microjet 200
Single-engined jet aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1980


Ralph Arber (born 10 May 1846; details of death unknown) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club. He was born in Cambridge.

Arber made a single first-class appearance for the team against Surrey in 1871. Arber, batting as a tailender, scored 0 and 6 in the two innings in which he batted, and bowled in both innings, taking figures of 2/29 and 0/22.

External links
Ralph Arber at Cricket Archive

1846 births
Year of death missing
English cricketers
Cambridge Town Club cricketers
Cricketers from Cambridge


The Sufis is one of the best known books on Sufism by the writer Idries Shah. First published in 1964 with an introduction by Robert Graves, it introduced Sufi ideas to the West in a format acceptable to non-specialists at a time when the study of Sufism had largely become the reserve of Orientalists.

Shortly before he died, Shah stated that his books form a complete course that could fulfil the function he had fulfilled while alive. As such, The Sufis can be read as part of a whole course of study.

Summary
Eschewing a purely academic approach, Shah gave an overview of Sufi concepts, with potted biographies of some of the most important Sufis over the ages, including Rumi and Ibn al-Arabi, while simultaneously presenting the reader with Sufi teaching materials, such as traditional stories or the jokes from the Mulla Nasrudin corpus. The book also gave details of previously unsuspected Sufic influences on Western culture. According to Shah, the Freemasons, Miguel de Cervantes, Western chivalry, alchemy and Saint Francis of Assisi, amongst others, were all influenced directly or indirectly by Sufis and Sufi ideas, often as a result of contact between East and West in the Middle Ages in places such as Spain or Sicily.

Reception
The book had a powerful impact on many thinkers and artists when it appeared, including the Nobel Prize winning author Doris Lessing, the poet Ted Hughes, and the writers Geoffrey Grigson
and J. D. Salinger.
Doris Lessing described it as "the best introduction to the body of Shah's work", adding that by reading it one was "forced to use one's mind in a new way". She went on to call it "a seminal book of the century, even a watershed."

Richard Smoley and Jay Kinney, writing in Hidden Wisdom: A Guide to the Western Inner Traditions (2006), pronounced The Sufis an "extremely readable and wide-ranging introduction to Sufism", adding that "Shah's own slant is evident throughout, and some historical assertions are debatable (none are footnoted), but no other book is as successful as this one in provoking interest in Sufism for the general reader."

Richard C. Munn, reviewing the book in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, concluded that "One cannot approach this book either in the role of scholar or in the role of seeker (nut), for the author has cleverly blocked both these 'postural' approaches, much in the same way, one suspects, as a Sufi shaikh would. If the Sufi essence is untranslatable into book form, it naturally remains so, but Idries Shah, by 'playing' with the reader, and 'scattering' his points of information, has perhaps given the reader an inkling of Sufi 'experience'."

German orientalist Annemarie Schimmel commented that The Sufis, along with Shah's other books, "should be avoided by serious students".

Fiftieth anniversary (1964–2014)
2014 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The Sufis. New paperback and ebook editions of the work were published that year by the newly-formed ISF Publishing, in association with The Idries Shah Foundation, to coincide with that event.

Part of a wider initiative, The Idries Shah Foundation had begun to make available new paperback and ebook editions of Shah's many books in English, along with translations into other Western languages, and also into Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Turkish.

In an article on the Al Jazeera web site, John Bell and John Zada write about the wave of intolerant militance and extremism in the East and in Africa and about the destruction of many cultural resources such as libraries and UNESCO World Heritage shrines and mosques in places like Timbuktu.

Explaining the historical, rich and diverse background of the tolerant Sufi tradition, the authors suggest that the material in Shah's book provides a useful and most-timely counterpoint and antidote to such extremism in the East; to consumerism in the West; and to intolerance, dogmatism and closed thinking, which they and Shah see as material, mental and emotional "prisons".

In an article in The Guardian, Jason Webster is also of the opinion that the Sufi Way, as it is known, is a natural antidote to fanaticism.

Webster states that classical Islamic Sufis include (amongst many others) the poet and Persian polymath Omar Khayyám, the Andalusian polymath Avërroes, the Persian poet and hagiographer Fariduddin Attar, and the Persian poet and theologian Jalāl ad-Dīn Rumi.  The reviewer also notes that when The Sufis first appeared, The Washington Post declared the book "a seminal book of the century", and that the work attracted writers such as Doris Lessing, J. D. Salinger and Geoffrey Grigson. The poet Ted Hughes also described it as "astonishing" and wrote that "The Sufis must be the biggest society of sensible men on Earth." According to the reviewer, others in the West drawn to or influenced by Sufism include St Francis of Assisi, the novelist, poet and playwright Miguel de Cervantes, the poet and diplomat Sir Richard Burton, the leading British politician Winston Churchill, and the diplomat and economist Dag Hammarskjöld.

Reviews
 Munn, Richard C. (1969). Reviewed work(s): The Sufis by Idries Shah, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 89, No. 1 (January–March 1969), pp. 279–281

References

External links
The Idries Shah Foundation
The Sufis Free Online Read
The Sufis Audiobook
The Sufis book launch, 50th anniversary YouTube video

Sufi literature
Books by Idries Shah
1964 non-fiction books
Jonathan Cape books