The de Bange 90 mm cannon (Mle 1877) was a type of field artillery piece developed in France by Colonel Charles Ragon de Bange in 1877, and adopted by the French Army that same year. It superseded the earlier Reffye cannon (1870/73) and the Lahitolle 95 mm cannon (1875).

Characteristics
The cannon was breech loading and used the original mushroom-shaped obturator system developed by de Bange, allowing to properly seal the breech during each firing. The cannon lacked a recoil system, meaning that the entire carriage moved backward when fired. Before firing again, the cannon had to be moved back into position and re-aimed, which greatly slowed the effective rate of fire. This would remain a problem with all artillery pieces until the development of the Canon de 75 in 1897.

Replacement
The de Bange 90 mm was used during World War I, although it was obsolete by then, as there were important stockpiles of ammunition and French industry fell short of producing enough modern cannons for the war. It was superseded by the  Canon de 75.

British service
A number of these weapons were issued to some third-line British Territorial Force batteries at the start of World War I, for training and home defence duties, because of a shortage of more modern field guns. They were replaced in these units by Ordnance BLC 15 pounder guns, when second-line units were re-equipped with Ordnance QF 18 pounders.

Finnish service
France donated 100 of these cannons in 1940 during Winter War between Finland and Soviet Union. Only 24 guns arrived before the end of the war and rest during the Interim Peace. When Continuation War begun 84 guns were issued to fortification and coastal units. Finnish troops fired more than 174 000 shots with these cannons during Continuation War and last shots in battle were fired as late as in June 1944.

Naval service
In addition to its land role the de Bange 90 mm was converted to arm DEMS (Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships) against the U-boat threat during WWI.  Conversion began in 1916 and a total of 1,740 guns were given naval mounts of which 1,430 were installed aboard French ships.  The British were also offered 400 guns and 300 were converted by EOC for British naval use, with another 200 supplied to the French.  The EOC modifications included mounting the gun on a U shaped gun cradle on an elastic mount similar to the type used by the 6-pounder.  The muzzle of the gun was given a counterweight and a hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism was fitted above the barrel.  For aiming a shoulder pad was provided and the gun could be elevated between -10° to +35° with 360° traverse.

Photo gallery

References

Artillery of France
World War I guns
World War I field artillery of France
90 mm artillery


Moni Aizik is an Israeli-born martial artist. Aizik has a jujutsu and judo background and is the founder of Commando Krav Maga.

Israel
At the age of eight, under Opa Schutte, Aizik started training in judo and jujutsu. He won  national title in judo seven times.

Aizik states that he was asked, shortly after the Yom Kippur War, to improve upon the army's existing hand-to-hand combat system due to his knowledge of martial arts, including various Israeli fighting systems, jujitsu and judo.

After his military service he trained at a Maccabi Tel Aviv club in Israel: Krav maga(CKM), Jiujitsu, and Judo. One of Aizik's students was Yael Arad, a 1992 Olympic silver medalist in judo.

North America
Moving to North America in the 1980s, Aizik started teaching CKM at the Jewish Community Center in Toronto, Ontario, and later opened The Samurai Club martial center where he taught Commando Krav maga, Judo, MMA and Jiujitsu. Among his students were the former UFC Welterweight Champion Carlos Newton and Joel Gerson. In 2006 Aizik start spreading Commando Krav maga (CKM) all over the world.

United Kingdom
On October 28, 2008, the British Advertising Standards Authority stated that Aizik cannot use "Ex-Israeli Special Forces Commando" or "Counter Terrorism Expert" in his advertising there since those claims can not be substantiated. Aizik says such documentation is classified.

Personal life
His son, Tal Aizik, is a professional Dota 2 player who currently plays for Shopify Rebellion.

References

External links
 Moni Aizik official page on Facebook

Israeli male martial artists
Krav Maga practitioners
Israeli expatriates in Canada
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Israeli jujutsuka
Israeli male judoka
Judoka trainers


Meadow fritillary is a common name given for two butterfly species:

 In Europe, the name is used for Melitaea parthenoides
 In North America, the name is used for Boloria bellona

Animal common name disambiguation pages


The 1968 Air Canada Silver Broom, the men's world curling championship, was held in Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada at the Pointe Claire Arena.

Teams

*Throws second stones.
**Throws third stones.

Standings

Results

Draw 1

Draw 2

Draw 3

Draw 4

Draw 5

Draw 6

Draw 7

Playoffs

Brackets

Semifinals

Final

References

External links
 WCF Statistics

World Men's Curling Championship
Air Canada Silver Broom, 1968
Pointe-Claire
Curling competitions in Montreal
1968 in Quebec
International curling competitions hosted by Canada
1960s in Montreal


James Arthur Peters (July 13, 1922 – December 18, 1972) was an American herpetologist and zoogeographer.

He was born in Durant, Iowa, and raised in Greenup, Illinois. He studied at the University of Michigan, where he obtained his Ph.D. in biology in 1952. He studied with the herpetologist Norman Edouard Hartweg.

His main subject of research was herpetology and zoogeography of Latin America, especially Ecuador. During his thirty years of research in herpetology he described 17 new species or subspecies, most of them amphibians, such as several neotropical toads of the genus Atelopus.

Peters died of liver cancer in 1972 (Irish & Zug, 1982).

Career and positions
He held teaching positions at

Brown University (1952–1958)
 Universidad Central de Ecuador, Fulbright Lecturer (1958–1959)
Southern Illinois University (1959)
San Fernando Valley State College (1959–1966)

He held positions in the Department of Reptiles and Amphibians at the Smithsonian Institution

 Associate Curator (1964–1967)
 Curator (1967–1972)

Peters was a member of professional societies such as: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, where he served as secretary, 1960–1966, vice-president, 1967 and president, 1970. He was elected to the Washington Biologists' Field Club. He inaugurated the Smithsonian Herpetological Information Services which distributed materials to herpetological institutions and individuals. He founded the newsletter MUDPIE (Museum and University Data Program and Information Exchange) providing information on computer programs, references, grants, meetings, etc.

Honors
Several neotropical amphibians and reptiles are named after him, including Ameerega petersi, Anadia petersi, Andinosaura petrorum, Colostethus jacobuspetersi, Dipsas jamespetersi, Gonatodes petersi, Helicops petersi, Micrurus petersi, Pristimantis petersi, and Tantilla petersi. James Peters is not to be confused with Wilhelm Peters (1815-1883), a German herpetologist, after whom also several species were named. In fact, Andinosaura petrorum was named after both James Peters and Wilhelm Peters, with "petrorum" meaning "of the Peters", honoring both contributions to neotropical herpetology.

Selected works
Peters JA (1960). Snakes of the Subfamily Dipsadinae. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
Peters JA, Orejas-Miranda B, Donoso-Barros R (1970). Catalogue of Neotropical Squamata. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. 2 vols. B9149.
Peters JA (1959). Classic Papers in Genetics. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Peters JA (1964). Dictionary of Herpetology. New York: Hafner.
Article in the Concise American Heritage Dictionary.
Article in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
The snakes of Ecuador; check list and key (The Museum, Cambridge, 1960).

References

Further reading
Adler, Kraig  (1989). Contributions to the History of Herpetology, Vol. I Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). 202 pp. .
 Smithsonian Institution Archives. Record Unit 7175 James A. Peters Papers and Records of the Division of Reptiles and Amphibians
Perry, Matthew C. (editor) (2007). The Washington Biologists' Field Club: Its Members and its History (1900-2006). Washington, District of Columbia: Washington Biologists' Field Club / Maple Press. 352 pp. , .

External links
The Washington Biologist's Field Club. P. 224
Today in Science
Irish, F. J.; Zug, George R. Smithsonian Libraries. 1982. Biography and bibliography of James A. Peters
 Smithsonian Institution Archives

1922 births
1972 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
People from Cedar County, Iowa
American herpetologists
20th-century American zoologists
American expatriates in Ecuador
Fulbright alumni


Pat Collins may refer to:
 Pat Collins (baseball) (1896–1960), American baseball catcher
 Pat Collins (American football) (born 1941), American football coach
 Pat Collins (lighting designer) (1932–2021), American lighting designer
 Pat Collins (showman) (1859–1943), British politician and fairground industry member
 Pat Collins (film critic), American film critic
 G. Pat Collins (1895–1959), American actor
 Pat Collins (hypnotist) (1935–1997), American hypnotist
 Patricia Hill Collins (born 1948), American sociologist
 Patricia M. Collins, American politician
 Pat Collins (reporter), American TV reporter

See also
 Patrick Collins (disambiguation)
 Collins (surname)


Scottish Women's Football (SWF), formerly known as the Scottish Women’s Football Association (SWFA) between 1972 and 2001, is the governing body for women's association football in Scotland. It is an affiliated national association of the Scottish Football Association (SFA).

In its history, it has run or organised the Scottish Women's Cup, the Scotland women's team, Scottish Women's Football League, Scottish Women's Premier League and other league divisions.

History
Scotland hosted the first organised games of women's football in 1881, and the sport became popular in the 1920s, attracting crowds of thousands. Women's football was banned from English FA grounds in 1921; the Scottish FA did not follow suit although it was not supportive. The leading team Rutherglen Ladies F.C. played from 1921 to 1939.

The SWFA was founded in 1972, when six teams met and decided to form an Association: Aberdeen Prima Donnas, Cambslang Hooverettes, Dundee Strikers, Edinburgh Dynamos, Westthorn United and Stewarton Thistle.

Initially, the Scottish Football Association (SFA) opposed the formation of the SWFA, but in 1974, it recognised the new association.  However, the SWFA remained small, with membership in the 1970s peaking at 14 teams.  In 1992, it introduced coaching courses, and in 1996 it began organising junior and school football.  In 1998, it affiliated to the SFA.

The association stated that its purpose was, "To promote, foster and develop, in all its branches without discrimination against any organisation or person for reason of race, religion or politics, the game of Association Football for women/girls" (2003). Among its aims in 2021 was, "A game that realises the needs, wants and unlimited ambitions of its girls and women."

This association consists of:
A senior league - including one national league, and divisional leagues.
U13 and U16 leagues in various parts of Scotland.
Development centres open to girls at different age groups nationwide.

See also
 List of women's football clubs in Scotland
 Scottish Women's Football Annual Awards

References

External links
Official website

Women's football in Scotland
Sports organizations established in 1972
1972 establishments in Scotland
Scottish Football Association


Cassim Langaigne (born 27 February 1980) is a Grenadian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Hurricanes SC and the Grenada national football team.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Grenadian men's footballers
Grenada men's international footballers
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Men's association football midfielders


The 2004 Indoor Cricket World Cup was an Indoor Cricket tournament that took place in Colombo, Sri Lanka from the 10th to 16 October 2004 involving both a men's and a women's division. There were a total of 25 matches played in the men's division and 19 matches played in the women's division.

In both divisions a round robin tournament was played with each team playing the other once after which the top four ranked sides progressed through to the semi-finals. Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and South Africa contested the men's finals with Australia eventually defeating Sri Lanka in the final itself. The same four sides featured in the women's semi finals (though in a different order), with Australia prevailing over South Africa in the final. This represented the 5th consecutive title for Australia in the men's division and the 4th in the women's division.

Host Selection
The World Cup was awarded to Sri Lanka by the WICF at the conclusion of the previous World Cup. This was the first time the event had been held in Sri Lanka and was seen as an important step towards expanding the game outside of the originating nations.

Venue
The Ceylon Indoor Cricket Association operated out of a single facility in Colombo, the Austasia Indoor Cricket Complex. As the only functional indoor cricket facility in Sri Lanka this venue hosted all World Cup matches.

Participants
Men's Division
  Australia
  England
  India
  New Zealand
  South Africa
  Sri Lanka
  United Arab Emirates

Women's Division
  Australia
  England
  India
  New Zealand
  South Africa
  Sri Lanka

See also
 Indoor Cricket World Cup

Indoor Cricket World Cup, 2004
Indoor Cricket World Cup


Kithson Anthony Bain (born 26 May 1982) is a Grenadian footballer currently playing for Caledonia AIA in the Trinidad and Tobago Premier League. He has been capped at full international level by the Grenada national football team.

Club career
Bain began his footballing career for Grenadian side Queens Park Rangers before moving to fellow Grenadian side Ball Dogs.

Tranmere Rovers
In 2008 Bain had finished top scorer in the 2008 Caribbean Cup tournament with 5 goals. The then Tranmere Rovers manager John Barnes had also been involved in the tournament and his Jamaica national team won the tournament. Barnes was impressed enough with Bain to bring him to England, he signed for the Birkenhead-based club in August 2009.

Bain made his first appearance for Tranmere in their 3–2 home defeat by Walsall on 12 September 2009.

On 26 November, Bain went out on loan to Conference National side Kettering Town until January 2010.

Despite scoring seven goals for the Tranmere reserves, Bain was only given handful of substitute appearances by Rovers manager Les Parry, ending the season on 10 games, all from the bench. Bain failed to score in his time at Tranmere, although there was dispute over whether he got the last touch on Alan Mahon's goal in Rovers 3–2 win against Walsall. He was released by Tranmere at the end of the 2009/10 season.

He then returned home to Grenada in the summer of 2010 and rejoined his former club Queens Park Rangers. Near the end of 2010 he played in Guyana's Kashif and Shanghai cup competition for Alpha United as a guest player alongside Dominica international Kurlson Benjamin.

Carolina RailHawks
After impressive performances for Grenada in The Caribbean Cup, Bain caught the eye of reigning American second division NASL Conference champions Carolina RailHawks who signed Bain for the 2011 season. The RailHawks joined the North American Soccer League in 2011. He only played 11 minutes for them in the whole season.

He signed for Trinidadian club Caledonia AIA in September 2013.

International career
Bain has represented Grenada at both Under 23 and full international level. In the 2010 Caribbean Championship he was declared joint winners of the Digicel Golden Boot award.

Scores and results list Grenada's goal tally first.

Under-23 international goals

Full international goals

References

External links

Tranmere Rovers club profile
 Profile – NASL

1982 births
Living people
Grenadian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Kettering Town F.C. players
Alpha United FC players
North Carolina FC players
Morvant Caledonia United players
English Football League players
North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players
TT Pro League players
Grenada men's international footballers
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Grenadian expatriate men's footballers
Grenadian expatriate sportspeople in England
Grenadian expatriate sportspeople in Guyana
Grenadian expatriate sportspeople in Antigua and Barbuda
Grenadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Grenadian expatriate sportspeople in Trinidad and Tobago
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Guyana
Expatriate men's footballers in Antigua and Barbuda
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Expatriate men's footballers in Trinidad and Tobago


Boris Georgiyevich Bazhanov (; 9 August 1900 – 30 December 1982) was a Soviet secretary of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union who defected from the Soviet Union on 1 January 1928.

Bazhanov was the personal secretary of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin from August 1923 to 1925 and held several prominent secretarial positions in the Politburo until defecting from the Soviet Union in 1928. Bazhanov was granted French citizenship and survived subsequent Soviet assassination attempts, writing and publishing memoirs and books from 1930 about Stalin and the secrets behind the Stalin regime.  Bazhanov was the only member of Stalin's Secretariat to defect, and one of the first major defectors from the Eastern Bloc.

David W. Doyle, who translated Bazhanov's book, "Bazhanov and the Damnation of Stalin", described him as "a usually reliable source," but that "he should be read with caution where he displays bias or discusses his own motive". Russian historian Yuri Emelyanov has also criticized Bazhanov's memoirs for historical inaccuracies such as factual errors, confusion of dates, and sensationalism. Similarly, Western historian Robert Conquest, viewed his account as “useful” although not “always authenticable” of his time as Stalin’s secretary.

Early life
Boris Georgiyevich Bazhanov was born on 9 August 1900, in Mogilev-Podolskiy, Russian Empire (present-day Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). He was the son of a physician. Bazhanov was 16 years old upon the beginning of the Russian Revolution in March 1917. Bazhanov's native Ukraine witnessed some of the worst splintering of power, and the Ukrainian territory was fought over continuously by various ideological factions during the Ukrainian Civil War. In 1918 Bazhanov graduated from high school, and that September entered the University of Kyiv despite the political situation. However, the university was closed shortly after his arrival, and during a student protest of the closure, Bazhanov was shot and returned home to recover.

Communist Party membership
Bazhanov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1919, recalling later that he'd had to choose between Ukrainian nationalism and communism.  He later wrote he had rejected Ukrainian nationalism because he had been raised with the Russian culture. He was elected district secretary and climbed the CPSU ranks in Ukraine. In November 1920, Bazhanov went to Moscow and studied engineering. Ukraine's political disputes ended in a victory for the communists and the territory split among the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Romania. In 1922, the Ukrainian SSR joined the Soviet Union as one of its constituent republics. Bazhanov applied to the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the highest policy-making authority within the CPSU, for a technical position. Bazhanov's application was accepted by Ivan Ksenofontov, a prominent member of the Soviet Union's state security apparatus.

On 9 August 1923, Bazhanov was appointed as the personal secretary and assistant to Joseph Stalin, the General Secretary of the CPSU. The decision read: "Comrade Bazhanov is named assistant to Joseph Stalin and a secretary of the CC."

Stalin's assistant
As General Secretary Stalin's assistant, Bazhanov became Secretary of the Politburo and was responsible for taking notes of the meetings. On 26 October 1923, Bazhanov took notes at a Central Committee meeting attended by Stalin, Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin, and Leon Trotsky, at a time when Lenin was very ill and just three months before his death. During the meeting, Lenin offered to appoint Trotsky as his "heir." According to Bazhanov's notes, Trotsky refused the position of deputy leader because he was Jewish, reasoning "We should not give our enemies the opportunity to say that our country was being ruled by a Jew. ... It would be far better if there was not a single Jew in the first Soviet revolutionary government."  Bazhanov's notes were discovered in early 1990 by Soviet historian Victor Danilov and were seen as providing the answer to a long-asked question about the Bolshevik Revolution: why Trotsky refused Lenin's offer to name him heir-apparent. After Lenin's death in January 1924, Stalin, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev together governed the CPSU as a triumvirate, placing themselves ideologically between Trotsky (on the left wing of the party) and Nikolay Bukharin (on the right). Bazhanov was Stalin's personal secretary at the beginning of his power struggle with Trotsky and rise to becoming the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union. Trotsky was eventually forced into exile in Mexico, where he was later assassinated in 1940 by Ramón Mercader, a pro-Stalin agent.

From 1923 to 1924, Bazhanov attended all of the Politburo meetings, working in Stalin's Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee and for the Politburo until the end of 1925. In the early 1920s, Bazhanov's role in Stalin's inner circle was smaller than that of the "group of five" composed of Yakov Brezanovsky, Ivan Tovstukha, Amayak Nazaretyan, Georgy Kanner, and Lev Mekhlis, but his influence with Stalin increased after Brezanovsky and Nazaretyan left the secretariat, and he held various positions at the Politburo from 1925 until 1928.

Defection
On 1 January 1928, Bazhanov defected from the Soviet Union after becoming disillusioned with communism and dissatisfied with working under Stalin. His book "Damnation and Stalin" also "reveals how those Soviets with a sense of fairness, justice, and ethics were extinguished by Stalin and his minions, and how the self–centered, protective bureaucratic machine was first built." Bazhanov scheduled a business trip to Ashgabat, in the Soviet Union's territory in Central Asia, and crossed the border into Iran. Bazhanov defected the same year that the first of Stalin's five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union was accepted, avoiding the first purges that led up to the Great Purge in the mid-to-late 1930s. Bazhanov was the only member of Stalin's Secretariat who would turn against the Soviet regime, and subsequently he was granted asylum in France.

Bazhanov became an enemy of Stalin and an enemy of the state through his defection, and was subject to numerous assassination attempts during the remainder of his life. Soviet security agencies immediately launched a manhunt for Bazhanov led by Georges Agabekov, the chief Soviet spy in the Near East at that time, until Agabekov himself defected to France shortly afterwards in June 1930. The Iranian authorities protected Bazhanov from the Joint State Political Directorate, the Soviet secret police, who had sent agents from Moscow to assassinate him. However, Bazhanov learned that an agreement was reached between Iran and the Soviet Union through diplomatic channels to extradite him back. Bazhanov left his detention and illegally crossed the Iranian–Indian border, from where he moved to France with the help of the British authorities. In October 1929, Stalin ordered assassin Yakov Blumkin to travel via Paris to kill Bazhanov before travelling to the island of Büyükada in Istanbul, Turkey, to assassinate Trotsky, who had been deported from the Soviet Union in February 1929. With the help of his cousin and GPU informer Arkady Maximov, Blumkin staged a car accident to kill Bazhanov; however, the plot failed. Bazhanov also recalled a later assassination attempt in 1937, stating that a "Spaniard, doubtless an anarchist or communist, tried to stab me as I was returning home, as I did each evening, after having left the car in the garage."

WW2 and collaboration
Allegedly, upon the outbreak of the Winter War, Bazhanov had attempted to organize a legion of anti-communist Russian émigrés and Soviet prisoners of war to fight with the Finnish Army against the Soviet Union, but the plan never became reality as the war ended before it was properly organized. According Bazhanov himself, on the eve of Operation Barbarossa, he visited Berlin and met with Alfred Rosenberg, the head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories of Nazi Germany, and his deputy Georg Leibbrandt. Rosenberg was studying the possibility of using Bazhanov to form a new government in the Soviet Union's territory, but Bazhanov was skeptical of Germany's plans and returned to Paris.

Later career and death
In the conclusion of the 1978 book The Storm Petrels: The Flight of the First Soviet Defectors, Bazhanov remarked on "the twisted path of Marxism":

You know, as I do, that our civilization stands on the edge of an abyss ... Those who seek to destroy it put forth an ideal. This ideal [of communism] has been proven false by the experience of the last sixty years ... the problem of bringing freedom back to Russia is not insoluble ... the youth of Russia no longer believe in the system, despite the fact that they have known nothing else. If the West [develops its] confidence and unity, [it] can win the battle for our civilization and set humanity on the true path to progress, not the twisted path of Marxism.

Bazhanov published an edition of his memoirs in France in 1980, entitled Memoirs of a Secretary of Stalin's. He died in the 4th arrondissement of Paris on 30 December 1982, and is buried at Père Lachaise cemetery.

Editions of Bazhanov's memoirs

Retracted parts of the first edition
The 1930 edition of Bazhanov's memoir had him becoming an anti-communist well before he came to Moscow and took up positions with the Central Committee. In later editions, Bazhanov retracted these statements, explaining that in reality he soured on the communist ideology during 1923 to 1924, while working at the Central Committee. However, he was bound to protect his closet-dissident friends remaining behind in the USSR, by casting himself as a "lone avenger" figure.

List of editions

See also

 List of Soviet and Eastern Bloc defectors

Notes

References
 (As translated and/or interpreted by )

1900 births
1982 deaths
People from Mohyliv-Podilskyi
People from Mogilyovsky Uyezd (Podolian Governorate)
Bolsheviks
Comintern people
Joseph Stalin
People of the Russian Civil War
Soviet defectors
Volunteers in the Winter War
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Soviet whistleblowers
Soviet emigrants to France


The Triumph TSX was a British motorcycle credited by the factory as being designed in 1981–1982 by Wayne Moulton, president of Triumph Motorcycles America(TMA), the factory's American arm. This is the only instance of Triumph's signature twin cylinder models being designed by an American.

Origins

Brenda Price, Moulton's predecessor, had earlier persuaded Brian Jones, Meriden's engineering director, to come up with a low rider-styled Triumph Bonneville for the USA market, her having observed their US dealers' success at independently marketing such models. Jim Barclay of the factory designed a prototype low rider, the Phoenix, exhibited on the factory stand at the 1980 London Earls Court motorcycle show. This model with its rectangular headlamp and unusual instrument console was not produced.
Triumph had already experienced poor sales stateside with their 1979 T140D Bonneville Special model which Moulton identified to the factory as having failed in its execution to capture the American imagination. Upon this basis, Moulton set to work designing a Triumph Bonneville that would appeal to his countrymen albeit having only a limited budget to do so of only £3000GBP.

Specification

Essentially a Triumph Bonneville with "West Coast" American styling, the TSX was distinguished by many details. The outstanding feature was its lowered chassis and  rear wheel (instead of the usual 18 inch rim) with the engine offset in the frame, a unique swingarm and a suitably abbreviated chromed chainguard all to accommodate this.

The TSX engine was a standard American specification T140ES (electric start Bonneville)  with two 32-mm Bing carburettors (made under licence by Amal) and Lucas electronic ignition. Although the German importer offered electric start as an option for their TSX, in all other markets, it was the kickstart that was the optional extra. Whilst retaining the polished outer covers, the rest of the TSX engine differed cosmetically being black painted with the cooling fin edges bright polished. The engine's chromed  exhaust pipes were of a larger bore than the standard Bonneville with a balance pipe between the short megaphone silencers hidden under the frame.

The TSX frame differed from the standard Bonneville frame in having the mounting points for the Paioli rear shock absorbers set at a lower angle for the lower seat height emulating a 'low rider' look and a bracket to enable the exterior mounting of the Brembo rear brake master cylinder. The TSX seat unique to the model had a pronounced step so that the rider sat in rather than upon it. The passenger grabrail was also unique to the TSX being raised to take account of the higher step of the passenger seating and rubber-mounted the rear turn indicators. The TSX side panels were new too and of a more abbreviated form than those of other Triumph models. Both the front and rear mudguards were shorter than the standard Bonneville, the former being from the failed T140D Bonneville Special albeit now with a painted finish. The rear mudguard had a black plastic extension for the large vehicle registration plate mandatory in the United Kingdom.

The TSX fuel tank was a unique design made in Italy for the model having only one angled Paioli left hand petrol tap situated ahead to accommodate the larger Bing carburettors and off-set engine. This tank also had Moulton's specified centralised filler hole with an optional locking cap (mandatory for America) and a balance pipe situated on the front of the tank's underside. For the first time on a Bonneville model, decals were used to decorate the tank and side panels, these being of the gold-hand lined red/orange/yellow stripe type. The underlying TSX paint scheme was initially Burgundy with a Midnight Black version later offered alongside it from August 1982. Midnight Blue was proposed as a further alternative for the unrealised 1983/4 version of the TSX.

A slightly lower rise and wider USA style handlebar was fitted and chromed Lucas turn indicators returned in place of the black plastic ULO items that had replaced them on other Triumph models from 1981. A chromed Lucas H4 headlamp was mounted on a thick chromed wire surround.

A Brembo rear brake master cylinder was fitted in place of the usual Automotive Products (AP) Lockheed item which remained for the front, as well as supplying both front and rear calipers. Dual front discs were an option.

Although the 1982–1983 brochure showed Goodyear 'Eagle' tyres fitted, an Avon 'Roadrunner' rear and 'Speedmaster' front tyre went on production models, the tyres' raised lettering being picked out in white.

Whilst there were components from Germany such as the Magura choke lever and Bumm mirrors and Italian Veglia instruments , Brembo rear brake master cylinder and Paioli rear shock absorbers and petrol tap, the only American parts on the TSX, a model targeting the American market, were the Morris alloy wheels.

Production

Assembly of the TSX component parts was to begin in March 1982 with the model being unveiled the following month at the 1982 International Motorcycle Show at the National Exhibition Centre with Moulton in attendance and production starting in June. Moulton forecast sales of 1000 TSX provided the first ones arrived stateside no later than June 1982 ready for the 1983 spring selling season. Referencing Japanese rivals in the factory custom low rider market, Moulton advertised the TSX stateside with the line, A Yamakawahonzuki It Ain't. This was Triumph Motorcycles America's last press advertisement.  Despite being well-received stateside, Triumph could only afford to export 140 TSX to the target American market.

Reception

Contemporary road tests of the TSX were positive about engine performance , light weight and looks with criticism of the price,  harshness of the suspension and quality of the Veglia instrumentation. British magazine Motorcycle Sport liked the TSX stating, ' It is an attractive , well-finished bike which handles well, performs adequately and sounds superb '. An American dealer was quoted as saying, ' Our customers loved (the TSX) and we could have sold loads, but we only got one before the whole thing finished. '.

Epilogue

The TSX, unchanged but with an extra Midnight Blue colour option, was to have been included in the factory's unrealised 1984 range It was called the TSX4 to distinguish it from its proposed new stablemate the similarly styled TSX8. The TSX8 was instead fitted with the eight valve engine from the Triumph T140W TSS. Side panel badges added a '4' or '8' to reflect the new designations. Wayne Moulton originally designed the TSX with the 8-valve TSS engine in mind but this engine had not been finalised in time for production.

Production of all Triumph models ceased with the closure of the Meriden works on August 26, 1983.

References

T140 TSX
Motorcycles powered by straight-twin engines


Junior Williams (born 3 November 1987) is a Grenadian football player who played as a left midfielder for the Grenada national football team.

He was an injury replacement for Kithson Bain in the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and played in two matches.

Personal life
Williams is the cousin of Shalrie Joseph.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Grenadian men's footballers
Grenada men's international footballers
Grenada men's under-20 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Queens Park Rangers SC players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
People from St. George's, Grenada


Hip Hop TV is an Italian music TV channel devoted to hip hop, rap and rhythm and blues music, launched in Italy on SKY Italia channel 720 on 1 October 2008 with the song Laffy Taffy by D4L. The owner is Seven Music Entertainment, owned by Gianluca Galliani, son of Adriano Galliani.

Programming
 Mi Casa
 My Hip Hop TV
 Urban Charts
 Spin That Shit
 Club Me
 Open Mic

External links
 http://www.hiphoptv.it/
 Hip Hop TV on MySpace

Music television channels
Television channels and stations established in 2008
Television channels in Italy
Italian-language television stations
Music organisations based in Italy


The 1966–67 season was the Royals 22nd overall, and their tenth in Cincinnati.

The season opened in the glare of their disappointing loss to Boston in the previous season's playoffs. It was considered a rebuilding season with some key roster changes. Long-time stars Jack Twyman and Wayne Embry had both retired, both unhappy with their roles on the team the previous year. Tom Hawkins had rejoined the contending Los Angeles Lakers.

Local college star Conrad 'Connie' Dierking was promoted to starting center, with promising rookie Walt Wesley his backup. First Team All-Pros Jerry Lucas and Oscar Robertson were again the focus of the team. Happy Hairston and Bobby Love saw minutes at forward next to Lucas, while Adrian Smith and Flynn Robinson saw minutes at guard next to Robertson.

Clearly rebuilding, the Royals had little hope of matching rivals Boston and Philadelphia this season, as they had a season ago. The team finished third in the NBA's Eastern Division.

Individual performances and off-court activities by Robertson and Lucas marked the season. Robertson was head of the NBA's Player Union and fought for the advancement of players' rights on a number of issues. He also posted another Hall Of Fame-caliber season as a scorer, accurate shooter, passer and free thrower. Lucas was involved in several off-court business ventures, including his own fast-food chain, Jerry Lucas Beef-N-Shakes. While injuries affected him this season, he remained one of the best rebounders in NBA history. He also continued to see time at center for the team as well as at forward. Both he and Robertson continued to play huge minutes for the team, rarely leaving the court during games.

Art Modell, head of the NFL Cleveland Browns, agreed to sponsor nine home games at the Cleveland Arena over the course of the season. The Cleveland crowds were consistently among the largest the Royals were cheered by that season.

The Royals made the playoffs for their last time while based in Cincinnati. They drew 68–13 record-setting Philadelphia as their opponent. With a victory on their own court in Game One, the Royals were then routed over the remaining games of the series to conclude their transitional season.

Roster

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Game log

Playoffs

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| March 21
| @ Philadelphia
| W 120–116
| Oscar Robertson (33)
| Dierking, Lucas (18)
| Oscar Robertson (16)
| Philadelphia Convention Hall5,097
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| March 22
| Philadelphia
| L 102–123
| Oscar Robertson (29)
| Connie Dierking (17)
| Oscar Robertson (9)
| Cincinnati Gardens5,276
| 1–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| March 24
| @ Philadelphia
| L 106–121
| Oscar Robertson (25)
| Jerry Lucas (23)
| Oscar Robertson (13)
| Philadelphia Convention Hall8,987
| 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4
| March 25
| Philadelphia
| L 94–112
| Happy Hairston (26)
| Jerry Lucas (25)
| Oscar Robertson (7)
| Cincinnati Gardens2,624
| 1–3
|-

Player statistics

Season

Playoffs

Awards and records
 Oscar Robertson, All-NBA First Team
 Jerry Lucas, All-NBA Second Team

References

Sacramento Kings seasons
Cincinnati
Cincinnati
Cincinnati


Novellen (Legal Amendments), opus 146, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II. The composition was dedicated to the law students of the Vienna University on the occasion of their ball held at the Sofienbad-Saal in Vienna on January 31, 1854. The work reflects Strauss's fascination for the 'revolutionary' orchestrations of Wagner and Meyerbeer. Due to this, the music critic Eduard Hanslick was highly critical of the waltz, saying that "with their lengthy eight-bar motifs, their groaning diminished seventh and ninth chords, [and] the thundering noise of their trombones and  timpani, [they] are no longer appropriate for dancing.

References

Waltzes by Johann Strauss II
1854 compositions


Hafshejan (, also Romanized as Hafshejān and Hafeshjān; also known as Hosheh Gūn, Hushegūn, and Jasteh Jūn) is a city in the Central District of Shahrekord County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.

At the 2006 census, its population was 20,042 in 5,171 households. The following census in 2011 counted 20,847 people in 6,062 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 21,352 people in 6,655 households. The city is populated by Persians.

Hafshejan has existed for around 9000 years.

Geography

One of the most well-known places in Hafshejan is a spring called Cheshme Zane; the name means eyes of birth or eyes at birth - implying a new and beautiful site to behold.

Zaneh Hafshejan fountain walkway
Hafshejan walkway is in the Jahanbin mountain range and is located 2 km from Hafshejan and 20 km from Shahr-e Kord. On Nature Day each year, more than 10 thousand people visit the park fountain.

A walkway extends from the main Tourist attraction near the current centre of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Shahr-e Kord.

Water is routed from the fountain to the agricultural plains 20 kilometres south of Branch and north of the mountain barrier between the world and 3 km from the city. The earthen dam has a clay core, and the reservoir has a volume of 1.3 million cubic meters. The dam crest's length is 410 m and the crest's width is 8 m, with a height of 42 meters in the deepest area.

Elamite brick

The Hafshejan Elamite brick carries the ancient scrolls of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. After the inscription is written Hafshejan. This brick has a width of 15 cm, a diameter of 8 cm, and has 26 lines. It was created more than 3100 years ago (1120 BC. M.). The brick was discovered in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in the afternoon Elamite shows

Gallery

See also
 Mount Jahanbin
 Hushang

References

Shahrekord County

Cities in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

Populated places in Shahr-e Kord County


Bedford Corners is a hamlet in the Westchester County town of Bedford, New York, United States, northeast of the town of Mount Kisco, with which it shares a post-office and zip code.
The area is very hilly with rocky terrain and substantial native hardwood deciduous trees.

Community

The area is nearly 100% residential homes with a concentration of commercial activity along South Bedford Road (State Route 117) along the Mt. Kisco border and North Bedford Road. The area is served by three commuter rail Metro North train stations—Bedford Hills, Katonah and Mount Kisco—with regular service on the Metro-North Harlem Line to New York's Grand Central Terminal approximately  south. Bedford Corners is  from the Westchester County Airport also known as "White Plains Airport" designated airport code "HPN". The city of White Plains lies  south of Bedford Corners.

Stonecrest, a historic Stick-Eastlake style home, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

References

Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Westchester County, New York


Patrick Joseph "Doc" Carney (August 7, 1876 – January 9, 1953) was a professional baseball player. He played all or part of four seasons in Major League Baseball, from 1901 until 1904, for the Boston Beaneaters, primarily as an outfielder. Carney also pitched for the Beaneaters, pitching in 16 games in 1902, 1903 and 1904, compiling a 4–10 record with an ERA of 4.69.

After his major league career, Carney went on to coach baseball at his alma mater, the College of the Holy Cross, from 1906 until 1909. He also became a general practice medical doctor and practiced in Worcester, Massachusetts.

References

External links

1876 births
1953 deaths
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball right fielders
Boston Beaneaters players
Worcester Farmers players
Worcester Quakers players
St. Paul Saints (AA) players
Nashville Vols players
Little Rock Travelers players
Holy Cross Crusaders baseball coaches
Baseball players from Holyoke, Massachusetts


Herman Isaachsen Willoch (27 June 1892 – 11 February 1968) was a Norwegian painter.

He was born in Alversund as the son of vicar Christian Abel Isaachsen, a grandson of Isaach Isaachsen. He was the cousin of Odd Isaachsen Willoch. The family eventually moved to Uranienborg, Oslo. He later resided in Bærum.

He studied under Pola Gauguin at the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts. He worked mainly with frescoes, decorating the city hall in Sandvika.

He is buried at Vestre gravlund.

References

1892 births
1968 deaths
People from Lindås
20th-century Norwegian painters
Norwegian male painters
Oslo National Academy of the Arts alumni
Burials at Vestre gravlund
20th-century Norwegian male artists


Nausicaä ( ; ), renamed Princess Zandra in the Manson International Warriors of the Wind English dub, is a fictional character from Hayao Miyazaki's science fiction manga series Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind and his anime film of the same name. Her story is set in the future on a post-apocalyptic Earth, where Nausicaä is the princess of the Valley of the Wind, a minor kingdom. She assumes the responsibilities of her ill father and succeeds him to the throne over the course of the story. Fueled by her love for others and for life itself, Nausicaä studies the ecology of her world to understand the Sea of Corruption, a system of flora and fauna which came into being after the Seven Days of Fire.

Nausicaä's abilities include determination and commitment. Her magnetic personality attracts admiration and adoration from nearly all those who meet her. Her empathy allows her to communicate with many animals. Nausicaä joins a war between adjacent territories of the remaining inhabitable land. Assuming command of the Valley's small force sets her off on a journey that will alter the course of human existence.

Many experts and manga enthusiasts have interpreted the character. Nausicaä won the seventh Animage Grand Prix, and the June 1987 Grand Prix, coming second in May 1991, and again coming first in December 1992. In 2014, IGN ranked her as the ninth greatest anime character of all time, saying that "She is a genuine, charismatic character who is loved and respected by her people. But she's also a capable, though reluctant, warrior."

Character outline
Although a skillful fighter, Miyazaki's Nausicaä is humane and peace-loving. She has an unusual gift for communicating with the giant insects and is noted for her empathy toward animals, humans, as well as other beings. As an intelligent girl, Nausicaä frequently explores the toxic wasteland, which surrounds the realms and conducts scientific experiments in an attempt to define the true nature and origins of the toxic world in which she lives. Her explorations are facilitated by her skill at "windriding": flying with an advanced glider-like craft called Mehve, equipped with a jet-assist.

Development
Nausicaä has her origins in Miyazaki's aborted anime adaption of Richard Corben's Rowlf, a comic book about princess Maryara of the Land of Canis and her dog Rowlf. Miyazaki found similarities with Beauty and the Beast. The similarities inspired in him the desire to create a character to highlight the theme of "devotion, self-giving". Finding Corben's princess "bland", Miyazaki imagined "a young girl with character, brimming with sensitivity, to contrast her with an incapable father". Named  by Miyazaki, short for Corben's Maryara, this character was a young princess left "bearing the crushing weight of her destiny" when her sick father abdicated, bestowing the burden of the kingdom on her and forcing her to bridle her personal aspirations. Miyazaki's Yara is initially portrayed with a dog "which always accompanied her from a young age and especially cared for his mistress". This pet dog is found in many design sketches of Yara but is omitted when the story develops. Canis valley eventually becomes Valley of the Wind and the pet dog is replaced with a fictional fox squirrel. Miyazaki intended Yara to wear short pants and moccasins, exposing her bare legs "to effectively show vigorous movements and a dynamic character", but he had to abandon that idea as it did not make sense to expose her legs in the harsh environment that began to evolve as he developed the setting for the story.

The transition from Yara to Nausicaä came when Miyazaki began to develop his own character, after the project to adapt Corben's comic fell through. The character went through a few intermediate phases in which the name was retained. Miyazaki had taken a liking to the name "Nausicaä" and he used it to rename his main character.

The name comes from the Phaeacian princess Nausicaa of the Odyssey, who assisted Odysseus. The Nausicaa of the Odyssey was "renowned for her love of nature and music, her fervid imagination and disregard for material possessions", traits which Dani Cavallaro sees in Miyazaki's Nausicaä. Miyazaki has written that he identified particularly with Bernard Evslin's description of the character in Gods, Demigods and Demons, translated into Japanese by Minoru Kobayashi. Miyazaki expressed disappointment about not finding the same splendor in the character he had found in Evlin's book when he read Homer's original poem.{{efn| Hayao Miyazaki's essay On Nausicaä,  first published in Japanese in Animage Special 1, Endpaper.<ref name="Animage Special 1">{{cite book | last1=Miyazaki | first1=Hayao | editor1-first=Hideo | editor1-last=Ogata | editor1-link=Hideo Ogata | others=Michihiro Koganei | script-title=ja:アニメージュ増刊 風の谷のナウシカ |trans-title=Animage Special Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind' | type=Softcover B5 | edition=first | volume=1 | date=September 25, 1982 | publisher=Tokuma Shoten | location=Tokyo | language=ja }}</ref> Reprinted, in English translation, in Perfect Collection Volume 1. See also McCarthy (1999), page 74.}}

Another inspiration is the main character from The Lady who Loved Insects, a Japanese tale from the Heian period, one of the short stories collected in the Tsutsumi Chūnagon Monogatari. It tells the story of a young princess who is considered to be rather eccentric by her peers because, although of marriageable age, she prefers to spend her time outdoors studying insects, rather than grooming herself in accordance with the rules and expectations of the society of her era. The princess questions why other people see only the beauty of the butterfly and do not recognise the beauty and usefulness of the caterpillar from which it must grow. Miyazaki notes that the lady would not be perceived the same way in our own time as in the Heian period. He wonders about her ultimate fate, which isn't explained in the surviving fragments of the incomplete texts. Miyazaki has said that Evslin's Nausicaa reminds him of this princess, stating that the two characters "became fused into one and created the story".

Miyazaki also said that Nausicaä is "governed by a kind of animism". Miyazaki felt that it was important to make Nausicaä female because he felt that this allowed him to create more complex villains, saying, "If we try to make an adventure story with a male lead, we have no choice but to do Indiana Jones, with a Nazi or someone else who is a villain in everyone's eyes." Miyazaki said of Nausicaä that "[She] is not a protagonist who defeats an opponent, but a protagonist who understands, or accepts. She is someone who lives in a different dimension. That kind of person should be female, not male." When asked about Nausicaä's "vision and intellect far greater than other people's," her "distinguished fighting skills," as well as her leadership, including taking "the role of legendary savior," Miyazaki said that he wanted to create a heroine who was not a "consummately normal" person, "just like you or everyone else around you."

Nausicaä's affinity with the wind was inspired by translations of European geography books from the Middle Ages, where mastery of the wind was described as "witchcraft" and was feared and respected. Mills were described in these books as being used for "pushing sand dunes or grinding grain," which left an impression on Miyazaki. Inspired by the Earthsea cycle of Ursula K. Le Guin, Miyazaki coined the term  as an alternative to Guin's "Master Windkey", which was translated into Japanese as .

Miyazaki had intended to make Yara more pulpy than his other female characters, a feature of sketches of her created between 1980 and 1982. However, he realised that he could not draw Nausicaä nude without feeling like he should apologise, changing his idea of the story to be more "spiritual." When Miyazaki draws Nausicaä in poses which are a little "sexy", like the cover of Animage in March 1993, where Nausicaä smiles while wearing a torn tank top, he cautions that "Nausicaä never takes such a pose," however this does not prevent him from drawing her like this, saying, "Well, if I hadn't drawn her as beautiful, there would have been some problems. I thought that I should settle down and draw her consistently, but every time I drew her, her face changed-even I was overpowered." He felt that over the 14-year run of the manga, rather than Nausicaä changing as a character, instead Miyazaki felt that he understood her better. When Miyazaki is obligated to draw Nausicaä smiling for covers or character posters, he finds it difficult because "it does not match the character of [my] heroine." He does not like "representing Nausicaä as too radiant or with the attitudes typical of a heroine," and imagines that instead of this, when she is alone, she has a "serious [...] calm and collected" (but "not surly") attitude. He regards her "sombre and reserved" nature to be offset by her femininity. Miyazaki believes that characters like this, "far from being fulfilled [...] are the most altruistic."

The kana Miyazaki chose to write Nausicaä's name in, ナウシカ (nauʃika), follows the spelling used by Kobayashi for the translations of Evslin's work. Miyazaki prefers it to other transcriptions of Nausicaä also in use, ノシカ (noʃika) and ノジカ (noʒika). In English, the Greek name is normally pronounced , but in the soundtrack for the film it is .

Helen McCarthy considers Shuna from Shuna's Journey to be prototypical to Nausicaä, and Dani Cavallaro feels Lana from Future Boy Conan and Clarisse of The Castle of Cagliostro are also prototypical to Nausicaä.

Plot overview
The story of the manga, refined by Miyazaki over 13 years between February 1982 and March 1994, was published in the magazine Animage and collected into seven volumes. It is much more complex than the story told by the film.

The film was developed in 1983, when Tokuma Shoten, the publisher of Animage, felt that the manga was successful enough to make "a gamble" at a film being economically viable. The film takes the context and characters, but the scenario is radically different from that of the manga, although many scenes from the manga (corresponding roughly to the first two volumes) were used with only slight changes.

In the summary below, parts of the manga where Nausicaä is absent have been omitted to focus on the character.

In the manga

Nausicaä is the 16-year-old princess of the Valley of the Wind, a very small nation with fewer than 500 inhabitants (and steadily declining in population). She is the eleventh child of King Jihl and the only one to live to maturity. She is rarely seen without her Mehve or her companion, Teto the fox-squirrel. At the beginning of the manga, Nausicaä, the princess of the Valley of the Wind, is set to succeed her ill father, who can no longer go to war to honour an old alliance. Under the command of the princess of Tolmekia, Kushana, Nausicaä needs to go to war against the Dorok Empire in a suicide mission across the Sea of Corruption. Delayed in the forest by the attack of Asbel, where she saves the insects, she encounters a tribe of Dorok and learns of their plans to destroy the Tolmekian army. She helps the baby Ohmu which was tortured by the Dorok to attract the insects to the Tolmekian army and her dress is stained blue with its blood. She is recognised as "The Blue Clad One", a figure in the Dorok mythos who is fated to cause a revolution in the world.

Having awakened the old heretical legends, Nausicaä becomes a mortal enemy of Miralupa, the younger of the two brothers who rule the Dorok Empire, who uses his mental powers to try to infiltrate her mind when she is weak. Miralupa is betrayed and murdered by his older brother, Namulith and at the doors of death, finds his redemption in the spirit of Nausicaä. Nausicaä discovers that the Dorok are using a new fungus of the forest as a biological weapon to extend their reach. She arrives at an understanding of the role of the Sea of Corruption and its inhabitants in the process of purifying the Earth.

When Namulith decided to forcefully marry Kushana to form a single empire under his rule she initially feigns acceptance but later rejects him and his proposal. His grand designs start to unravel. In a confrontation with Nausicaä, Namulith spitefully foists a rediscovered god-warrior off on Nausicaä in revenge and shoulders her with the burden of taking care of the reactivated creature and the responsibility for saving the world. The god-warrior is a living weapon, an artifact from the ancient world which led to the Seven Days of Fire. Not knowing what to do with this immeasurably dangerous and uncontrollable creature who takes her for its mother, found at Pejite, then stolen by the Tolmekians and finally by the Dorok, Nausicaä names the god-warrior Ohma. She decides to go with Ohma to the Crypt of Shuwa to seal all the technologies of the ancient world behind its doors. However, Ohma is damaged and crash lands near some ruins. Hidden within these ruins Nausicaä discovers the Garden of Shuwa, a repository of seeds, animals, as well as cultural knowledge from previous ages.

She goes through a test of character, as the Master of the Garden imitates her mother to tempt her to stay. She outwits the Master and learns the secrets of the Sea of Corruption and the Crypt. Meanwhile, Ohma, controlled by the Tolmekian Emperor Vuh, fights the Master of the Crypt. After cracking the crypt, Ohma dies of his wounds. Nausicaä finally joins in destroying the foundations of the building, sealing the old technology inside.

In the film

After finding the shell of an Ohmu while collecting spores in the Toxic Forest, Nausicaä rescues Lord Yupa from an Ohmu that she pacifies. Lord Yupa gives Nausicaä a fox squirrel she names Teto. Upon returning to the Valley of the Wind, Obaba tells the legend of the Blue Clad One, who will walk in a field of gold and renew the lost link with the Earth. That night, a Tolmekian cargo plane crashes into the Valley after being attacked by insects. Nausicaä rescues a mortally wounded survivor Lastelle, a princess of Pejite who pleads for the ship's cargo to be destroyed. When the people of the Valley of the Wind try to destroy the airborne spores of the Toxic Jungle, they find a wounded insect that Nausicaä guides back to the Toxic Jungle.

The cargo of the Tolmekian ship, a hibernating god-warrior, is retrieved by the Valley's people, and soon they are invaded by many Tolmekian ships and soldiers who kill Nausicaä's father King Jihl, a few of which Nausicaä kills out of rage before being stopped by Yupa. The Tolmekians, led by Princess Kushana, intend to retrieve and awaken the god-warrior and use it to burn the Toxic Jungle. Obaba opposes this idea, saying that all who have tried to destroy the forest have been killed by the angry Ohmu and the jungle grew over their towns and bodies. However, to avoid a slaughter, Nausicaä agrees to become Kushana's hostage and accompany her to rejoin the main Tolmekian army at the city of Pejite, which the Tolmekians have already conquered.

During the journey, they are attacked by Lastelle's brother Asbel, who almost destroys the entire fleet and is apparently killed. Mito, Nausicaä and Kushana escape using the gunship and land in the jungle. Nausicaä communicates with the Ohmu and discovers that Asbel is alive and she uses her glider to rescue him. They sink into the sands of the jungle and discover a non-toxic world beneath the jungle. Nausicaä realizes that the plants of the jungle are purifying the soil and producing clean water and air.

After getting out of the Toxic Jungle, they head back to Pejite, only to find it ravaged and full of deceased people and insects. A brig full of Pejite survivors lands nearby, and the Mayor of Pejite, leader of the group, reveals that they provoked the insects to wipe out the Tolmekian occupiers, and now plan to do the same to the Valley of the Wind, much to Nausicaä's horror. They capture her when she tries to fly away to warn the Valley people, and knock out Asbel when he tries to intervene. However, she is freed by Lastelle's mother and other Pejite people, who help her escape.

Actors

Nausicaä is voiced in Japanese by Sumi Shimamoto, who won the role after impressing Hayao Miyazaki with her performance of Clarisse in Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro. Patrick Drazen praised Shimamoto's acting in a scene where Nausicaä stops an insect from diving into an acidic pool by getting in its way. She is burned by the acid and she screams. Drazen described this scream as being one which "tears at the listener and raises the bar for cartoon voices". In Walt Disney Pictures' English dub of the movie, Nausicaä's voice was performed by Alison Lohman.

For the 2019 kabuki play adaptation, Onoe Kikunosuke V portrayed her.

Reception
In a chapter dealing with "Female masculinity and fantasy spaces", Nausicaä is described as being a "strong young female lead drawn strongly from the shoujo tradition", relating the story of a Takarazuka Revue playwright called Ogita who compares his work with Miyazaki's. For Ogita, it is most important that the heroines of Miyazaki are pure and asexual, to emphasise themes of purity and strength; who "takes charge" of her own life. Nausicaä has also been said to have a "brave and wholesome" mind, and as "one of the best examples of a truly "empowered" female." Stig Høgset found the too-perfect portrayal of Nausicaä to be unrealistic. Susan J. Napier argues that as Nausicaä is the heroine of an epic, her competence, powers, and presentation as a messiah are not part of Nausicaä being an unrealistic character, but instead, she is real as a character inside the epic genre. In the beginning of the film, Nausicaä is presented as "a mix of precocity and fairy-tale innocence", her innocence coming not from naivety but from scientific wonder. Early in the story, she kills the warriors who killed her father, which Susan J. Napier described as "genuinely shocking," and Kaori Yoshida points to as evidence of Nausicaä representing "traditional masculinity rather than femininity". When she avenges her father's death, the scene is "ambivalent" in its message, suggesting both "a masculine rite-of-passage" and "a moral object lesson", which makes Nausicaä afraid of her own power. Nausicaä later "comes to regret her vengeance" and becomes a diplomat to prevent further wars between the different states. Although Nausicaä is a warrior, Nausicaä acts "reassuringly cute" such as taming Teto and calling things "pretty", which contrasts her with San of Princess Mononoke. Inaga Shimegi feels that Teto's taming is the first glimpse of Nausicaä's "supernatural ability of communication". Thomas Zoth regards Nausicaä as "Miyazaki's archetypal heroine" and notes shades of her in Ashitaka, San and Lady Eboshi of Princess Mononoke.

Opinion is divided as to whether Nausicaä is sexualised or not - Napier notes that Nausicaä's relationship with Asbel is "potentially erotic", but Kaori Yoshida says that Nausicaä's body "is not the typical kind designed to stimulate" the male gaze. The quality of tapes on early fansubs lead to the rumor that Nausicaä does not wear any pants. Yoshida presents Hiromi Murase's theory that Nausicaä represents a post-oedipal mother figure. Susan J. Napier and Patrick Drazen note a parallel between the character of Kushana, the rival warrior princess, and that of Nausicaä: Napier describes Kushana as Nausicaä's "shadow", noting that Kushana is not shown with any "alleviating, feminine" virtues as Nausicaä is, but that they share the same tactical brilliance. Drazen describes this as a "feminine duality". Miyazaki has described the two characters as being "two sides of the same coin", but Kushana has "deep, physical wounds".

Nausicaä is presented as a messiah and also acts on an ideology of how to interact with the natural world. Her powers are presented as proof of the "rightness" of her "mode of thought". Unlike other characters who avoid or try to ignore the forest, Nausicaä is scientifically and beatifically interested in the forest. Lucy Wright believes that Nausicaä's world-view reflects a Shinto worldview, as expressed by Motoori Norinaga: "this heaven and earth and all things therein are without exception strange and marvelous when examined carefully." Wright believes that Nausicaä is presented as a "healing deity", as she is concerned with the space between purity and corruption, as well as atones for the wrongs of other people. In the manga, Nausicaä faces an old monk who says "the death of the world is inescapable" because of the folly of men; Nausicaä retorts: "Our God of the Winds teaches us that life is above all! And I love life! The light, the sky, the men, the insects, I love them all more than anything!!" Later, she responds to the Guardian of the tomb of Shuwa who tries to tell her she is selfish for refusing the purification program of the old Earth and allowing the sacrifice of all the lives of the ancient world: "We can know the beauty and the cruelty of the world without the help of a giant tomb and its retinue of servants. Because our god, he lives in the smallest leaf and the smallest insect." Raphaël Colson and Gaël Régner see in these tirades a "world view which clearly calls to mind the spirit of Shinto".

When the god soldier is activated, he chooses Nausicaä to be his "mother" and asks her who she wants him to kill. Marc Hairston considers this to be a recurring theme throughout the manga: Nausicaä is given power and is told to make difficult decisions. In 2000, Nausicaä placed eleventh in an Animax poll of favourite anime characters. The first daughter of Jean Giraud is named after the character. The character Nakiami from Xam'd: Lost Memories has been noted to bear many similarities to Nausicaä.

Frederik L. Schodt believes that in the film, Nausicaä's character became "slightly sweeter, almost sappy" and suggests that her "high voice" and the low camera angles which show the bottom of her skirt to be due to "an emphasis on 'prepubescent female cuteness' in commercial animation." Marc Hairston reads the 1995 music video "On Your Mark" as being Miyazaki's "symbolic release" of Nausicaä.

Raphaël Colson and Gaël Régner feel that Nausicaä had "to grow up faster than her age" because of her responsibilities, but that she acts with maturity, diplomacy, attention and resolve. They see her as "the princess of an idealised feudal system ... loved and respected by her subjects, ... feared and admired by her enemies." The character Rey as depicted in her first appearance in the 2015 film Star Wars: The Force Awakens has been likened to Nausicaä, with both having generally similar personalities and strikingly similar headgear (both hearkening back to the classic aviator look).

Notes

References

Further reading

Dufayet, Nathalie (2006) "Nausicaä de la Vallée du Vent : la grande saga mythopoétique de Hayao Miyazaki" in Montandon, Alain (e.d.) Mythe et bande dessinée Clermont-Ferrand, France: Presses de Université Blaise-Pascal pp. 39–53
Hairston, Marc (2010) "Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: Manga into Anime and Its Reception" in Johnson-Woods, Toni (e.d.) Manga: An Anthology of Global and Cultural Perspectives Continuum International Publishing Group
Miyazaki, Hayao [1996] (2007) The Art of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: Watercolor Impressions Viz Media
Napier, Susan J. (2005) Anime: From Akira to Howl's Moving Castle Palgrave Macmillan
Vincent, Marie; Lucas Nicole (2009) "Nausicaa de la vallée du vent, une écologie du monstrueux" in Travelling sur le cinéma d'animation à l'école'' Editions Le Manuscrit pp. 208–213

Animated human characters
Child characters in anime and manga
Comics characters introduced in 1982
Fantasy anime and manga characters
Female characters in animated films
Female characters in anime and manga
Female characters in film
Feminist theory
Fictional aviators
Fictional conservationists and environmentalists
Fictional female scientists
Fictional feminists and women's rights activists
Fictional pacifists
Fictional princesses
Film characters introduced in 1984
Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind
Orphan characters in anime and manga
Studio Ghibli
Teenage characters in anime and manga


Wieland der Schmied (, "Wieland the Smith") is a draft by Richard Wagner for an opera libretto  based on the Germanic legend of Wayland Smith. It is listed in the Wagner-Werk-Verzeichnis as WWV82.

Background
Wagner was motivated by his enthusiasm for the Romeo and Juliet symphony of Hector Berlioz to create a libretto which might serve for a production at the Paris Opéra, with music perhaps to be written by Berlioz  or by himself. The draft, which is mostly in prose, was written between December 1849 and March 1850. It was published as an appendix to Wagner's essay The Art-Work of the Future as an example of the ideals to which such art-works should aspire - "a glorious Saga which long ago the raw, uncultured Folk of old-time Germany indited for no other reason than that of inner, free, Necessity".

The libretto contains many elements which are found in other of Wagner's operas (a swan, a wound, a spear, a ring, smithying, an absent mysterious father, a forbidden question), and one biographer calls it 'one of Wagner's most frankly autobiographic libretti'. Nevertheless, Wagner decided to abandon it, presumably because he realised its subject matter was not to French taste. He offered the libretto to Franz Liszt who also declined it.

The libretto was eventually adapted by O. Schlemm for the composer Ján Levoslav Bella who composed an opera on it between 1880 and 1890. (See Wieland der Schmied (opera).) This was eventually produced in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia in 1926. Revivals were produced in Slovak, under the title Kováč Wieland.

The composer Siegmund von Hausegger wrote the symphonic elaboration of the unperformed opera libretto in 1904, which he refers to as the "allegory of the attainment of creative powers".

Story
Swanhilde is the daughter of a marriage between a mortal woman and a fairy king, who forbids his wife to ask about his origins; on her asking him he vanishes. Swanhilde and her sisters are however able to fly as swans. But wounded by a spear, Swanhilde falls to earth and is rescued by the master-craftsman Wieland, and marries him, putting aside her wings and her magic ring of power. Wieland's enemies, the Neidings, under Princess Bathilde, steal the ring, kidnap Swanhilde and destroy Wieland's home. When Wieland searches for Swanhilde, they entrap and cripple him. However he fashions wings for himself and escapes with Swanhilde as the house of the Neidings is destroyed.

Notes

Bibliography
Oskár Elschek (ed.), A History of Slovak Music, Bratislava 2003.
Robert W. Guttman, Richard Wagner:The Man, his Mind and his Music, London, 1990
Barry Millington (ed.), The Wagner Compendium, London 1992
Richard Wagner, tr. W. Ashton Ellis The Art-Work of the Future and other Works, Lincoln and London 1993.
John Warrack, The Musical Background, in Peter Burbidge and Richard Sutton (eds.), The Wagner Companion, London 1979.

Operas
Libretti by Richard Wagner


This is a list of Canadian Twenty20 International cricketers.

A Twenty20 International (T20I) is an international cricket match between two teams that have official ODI status, as determined by the International Cricket Council. It is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket and is the shortest form of the game. The first such match was played on 17 February 2005 between Australia and New Zealand. The Canada national cricket team played its first T20I match on 2 August 2008, against the Netherlands as part of the 2008 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier, winning the match by 4 wickets.

This list comprises all members of the Canada national cricket team who have played at least one T20I match. It is initially arranged in the order in which each player won his first Twenty20 cap. Where more than one player won his first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.

Key

Players
Statistics are correct as of 7 October 2023.

See also
Twenty20 International
Canadian cricket team
Canadian national cricket captains
List of Canada ODI cricketers

References

Canada Twenty20
Twenty20


Pan American Day is a holiday observed by several countries in North and South America. It commemorates the First International Conference of American States which concluded on April 14, 1890, creating the International Union of American Republics, the forerunner to the Organization of American States (OAS). The holiday was originally proposed by the organization in 1930, and was first observed on April 14, 1930.

Parades are held, some schools put on plays, the orchestra plays music, people set up exhibits, and pageants are sometimes held.

Belize
In Belize, Pan American Day refers to October 12, which is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States. It should not be confused with "Pan American Day," which celebrates the founding of the Organization of American States (OAS) on April 14.

Originally known as Columbus Day, Pan-American Day in Belize is a celebration of the migrations of the Mestizos and indigenous cultural groups from the Yucatán into Belize, creating the country we know today
Belize chooses not to celebrate the achievements of Columbus, but rather the forging of its rich cultural diversity. The Mestizos and Yucatec Maya came to Belize looking for a calm and peaceful land, free from conflict where they could settle.

Honduras

Though the Organization of American States (OAS) includes 35 countries, Honduras is the only country who observes a public holiday to mark the events of 1890. It is celebrated on April 14.

United States

In the United States, Pan American Day is observed by Presidential proclamation on April 14. In addition, the entire week on which the holiday falls is observed as Pan American Week. On April 7, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed Pan American Day and Pan American Week''''' on April 7, 2017.

References

Americas
International organization days
April observances
Observances in the United States by presidential proclamation
October observances


Elvanfoot railway station was a station which served Elvanfoot, in the Scottish county of South Lanarkshire. It was served by local trains on what is now known as the West Coast Main Line.

History

Opened by the Caledonian Railway, it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. A 6-sided signalbox was built in 1916.

Between 1901 and 1938, Elvanfoot was the junction for the branch to Wanlockhead.

Current operations
Trains pass at speed on the electrified West Coast Main Line. Also at this location is a feeder station from the National Grid. Very few remnants of the station are still visible on the site.

References

Notes

Sources

 Elvanfoot railway station on navigable OS map

External links
Photo of signalbox and platforms

Disused railway stations in South Lanarkshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Beeching closures in Scotland
Former Caledonian Railway stations


There was a St. Kevin's Church () in what is now St. Kevin's Park, Camden Row, Dublin, Ireland at least as far as the 13th century. After the Reformation, it became an Anglican church. The original church was replaced around 1750 by a new one, closed in 1912 and now in ruins. Both churches were dedicated to Kevin of Glendalough. There is also a Catholic St. Kevin's Church a short distance away on Harrington Street.

Church
The church was first mentioned in historical annals in 1226. It was situated some distance from the walls of Dublin, in the Irish-speaking part of the city, but close to a monastic settlement in the region of present-day Aungier Street. From the 13th century, it formed part of the Manor of St. Sepulchre, which was directly under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Dublin. An archaeological excavation carried out in 1967 uncovered some medieval graves and coins. The present ruined church, built on the foundations of the medieval one, dates to around 1750.

The church is the burial place of Archbishop Dermot O'Hurley (), who was removed from a mass grave and interred here after his summary execution on 20 June 1584 at Hoggen Green. O'Hurley, ordained Archbishop of Cashel in 1581, was arrested after his return to Ireland and tortured in Dublin Castle. Along with 17 other Irish Catholic Martyrs, Archbishop O'Hurley was Beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1992.

In the early years of the Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1649), incursions were made into the church lands surrounding St. Kevin's by Confederate soldiers stationed in Wicklow. Trenches were dug near the church to help defend the city, but the Irish clans were able to raid cattle, horses, and the occasional merchant who was in the wrong place at the wrong time, all of which they carried away into the "wilds of Wicklow". Despite cease-fires being arranged, this situation continued until the Battle of Rathmines sealed the fate of the Confederate and Cavalier forces.

In 1698, the time of the Penal Laws, the church was offered to the Huguenot community as a place of worship and cemetery.  The graveyard, however, continued to be used by Catholics until the end of the 19th century.

Parish
After the Reformation, a parish of St. Kevin was administered by the Church of Ireland; it stretched as far south as present-day Rathmines and Harold's Cross. The parish was taken over by that of St. Peter's when that parish was set up in 1680. This was due to the shortage of clergymen in Dublin at the time. St. Kevin's church became a chapel of ease to St. Peter's in Aungier St., and a parish school was set up nearby on Camden Row.

The civil parish of St. Peter (which corresponded to the United Parish of St. Peter and St. Kevin) had a population of 73,000 in 1901, and 43,000 in 1971.

The last rector was Thomas Chatterton Hammond (1877–1961), who took over the post in 1910. His name can be seen on Wedding certificates dated October and December 1909.

Cemetery

During the 17th and 18th centuries, many notable people resident in the suburbs south of the city were interred here. After the Reformation, although a Protestant cemetery, it had come by custom to be used by Catholics and the Quakers. People buried here include:
 Rev John Austin S.J. (1717–1784), a pioneer of Catholic education in Ireland, whose tomb was restored by  Rev. Dr. John T. Laphen, of St. Catherines, Meath St.
 Jean Jasper Joly (1740–1823), captain of the Irish Volunteers in 1798.
 John Keogh (1740–1817), intimate friend of Theobald Wolfe Tone, who once owned the land where Mount Jerome Cemetery now stands.
 Hugh Leeson, brewer, whose gravestone lies against the south wall of the church and whose family gave its name to Leeson Street and became Earls of Milltown and owners of Russborough House, county Wicklow.
 The Moore Family (of Thomas Moore).

In 1825 John D'Arcy, owner of Anchor Breweries, the second largest porter company in Dublin at the time, was to be buried in St. Kevin's cemetery, having died suddenly after falling from his horse. When his funeral procession from Francis St. reached St. Kevin's cemetery the sexton, under the authority of the Protestant Archbishop of Dublin, Dr. Magee, met it at the gate and forbade Catholic prayers from being recited at the grave side; they had to be said on the roadway. The mourners retreated peacefully, but a huge outcry erupted as soon as the facts became known, which reached the ears of the Lord Lieutenant, The Marquess Wellesley (brother of the Duke of Wellington, and himself married to a Catholic). He expressed disapproval of Dr. Magee's order, and despite much opposition (cemeteries were a valuable source of income to their owners) tried to alleviate Catholic grievances. Daniel O'Connell used the scandal provoked by this to such effect that he was able to get through the legislation in establishing Golden Bridge (1829) and Prospect (1831) cemeteries, which led to the establishment of Glasnevin Cemetery.

At the start of the 19th century the cemetery, like many others in Dublin, became a target of the body-snatchers, although it was surrounded by high walls (changed to railings in the 1960s). In February 1830 a Frenchman named Nagles and his friend were attacked by a group of "sack-em-ups" lying in wait near the cemetery. The criminals' attention was diverted by the arrival of a cart-load of dead bodies, giving Nagles the opportunity to escape and notify the police at Arran Quay, who apprehended the culprits. On one occasion a body-snatcher was chased as far as Thomas Street, where he finally dropped his booty—the body of a young girl.

In June 1961 the body of a local five-year-old boy Tommy Powell from Cuffe Street was found in the graveyard. Blood-stained stones found nearby indicated that he had been murdered, but despite an intensive investigation, the murderer was never discovered.

Notable parishioners
Field Marshal The 1st Duke of Wellington, of Battle of Waterloo fame, was baptized in this church. The font that was used was given to Taney parish in Dundrum in 1912, when St. Kevin's was closed, and is now in St. Nahi's Church there.

The Reverend Stephen Jerome, who in 1639 was vicar of the parish, was a noted preacher and writer. After 1649 he was appointed a special preacher at St Patrick's Cathedral but was criticized for his Puritan views.

Pilgrimage site and local folklore
After the execution and secret burial of Archbishop Dermot O'Hurley, his grave became a place of veneration for local Roman Catholics. In 1609, in view of the throngs of pilgrims coming to his grave, the church was rebuilt and a new entrance was made. According to Burke's 1879 History of the Irish Lord Chancellors, "Multitudes of pilgrims for three centuries flocked to his tomb, which the fancy, perhaps the superstition, of the people clothed with many legends." For example, in local Irish folklore, ghost stories about passersby on dark and stormy nights seeing Archbishop Dermot O'Hurley offering the Tridentine Mass in black Requiem vestments upon a makeshift altar over his grave in St. Kevin's churchyard are commonly told. It is always said that, when the Archbishop reaches the Consecration and Raising of the Host, both he and the altar disappear and only darkness remains.

See also
 Portobello
 St. Peter's Church, Aungier Street, Dublin

References and sources
Notes

Sources
 George Newenham Wright An Historical Guide to the City of Dublin
 Notice board in St. Kevin's Park.
 John Fleetwood, The Irish Body Snatchers, Tomar Publishing, Dublin, 1988.
 F. Elrington Ball: A History of the County Dublin. 1903. Part II.
 History of Dublin Brewers
 William J. Fitzpatrick: History of the Dublin Catholic Cemeteries, Dublin, 1900.

External links

Cemeteries in Dublin (city)
Church of Ireland churches in Dublin (city)
Church ruins in Ireland
Former churches in Dublin (city)
Reportedly haunted locations in Ireland
Ruins in the Republic of Ireland
Ruins in Dublin (city)


Malcolm Grainger (born August 11, 1975) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler who played for Matabeleland. He was born in Gwelo (now Gweru).

Grainger made an appearance for Matabeleland Schools against Ireland in 1991.

Grainger's first and only first-class appearance came in the 1994/95 Logan Cup competition, against Mashonaland Under-24s. Batting in the tailend, he scored 19 runs in the first innings and six in the second.

Grainger took figures of 5-35 with the ball, but did not play another first-class match.

External links
Malcolm Grainger at CricketArchive

1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Gweru
Zimbabwean cricketers
Matabeleland cricketers


Odd Isaachsen Willoch (26 February 1885 – 9 April 1940) was a Norwegian naval officer who commanded one of the two coastal defence ships defending Narvik during the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940.

Personal life
Odd Isaachsen Willoch was born in Larvik, the son of chief engineer Einar Isaachsen and his wife Hannah (née Isaachsen). Willoch's grandfather was politician Isaach Isaachsen. He was a nephew of painter Olaf Isaachsen, and a cousin of painter Herman Willoch, physicist Daniel Isaachsen and scientist Haakon Isaachsen.

He was the father of businessman Finn Isaachsen Willoch, and through him the grandfather of politician Ingrid I. Willoch. In addition, Odd Isaachsen Willoch was the uncle of national aviation director Erik I. Willoch and Prime Minister 1981–1986 Kåre I. Willoch.

In 1911 Willoch married Marie Kristine ("Maja") Foss (born 1888 in Mosjøen), fathering three children with her. They lived in Horten.

Career
Odd Isaachsen Willoch made a career in the Royal Norwegian Navy, attending the Norwegian Military Academy and studying radio technology in the United Kingdom. Before the Second World War he commanded the offshore patrol vessels Fridtjof Nansen and Michael Sars. In 1928 Willoch took part in the search for the Latham 47 flying boat that had disappeared over the Barents Sea while carrying the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.

By 1940 he had reached the rank of Captain (kommandørkaptein) and commanded the coastal defence ship HNoMS Eidsvold.

Second World War
On 9 April 1940 Norway was invaded by German forces as part of the Operation Weserübung. The northern port of Narvik, defended amongst other sea and land units by HNoMS Eidsvold and her sister ship HNoMS Norge, was one of their most important targets due its role as an all-year export port of Swedish iron ore.

As part of the Royal Norwegian Navy's efforts to protect and defend Norway's neutrality in the Second World War Norge and Eidsvold, the largest and most heavily armed Norwegian warships in service, had been based in Narvik. The 4,000 ton vessels and their commanders and crews were under orders to fire at any intruder, Narvik was under any and all circumstances to be defended by force. During the night of 8/9 April 1940 reports started coming in of German attacks further south in Norway, in the Oslofjord, at Bergen and at Trondheim. It was still, however, unclear of who would reach Narvik first, the Germans or the British. It was known to the Norwegian commanders that the Royal Navy operated with a large force just off Northern Norway and it was therefore anticipated that these naval forces might attack Narvik to destroy the numerous German cargo ships in the port. In all there were 25 civilian ships of various nationalities in the port of Narvik in the morning of 9 April 1940. For several weeks the Norwegian coastal defence ships had been preparing for war, carrying out intense gunnery exercises with live ammunition. The situation had steadily become more and more tense since the Altmark Incident on 16 February 1940.

In the early hours of 9 April Willoch moved his warship out of Narvik Harbour to a position north of the Framnesodden peninsula. Soon after radio messages were received from the patrol boat Kelt further out in the Ofotfjord, relayed from Norge,  that nine German destroyers were sailing towards Narvik. The tenth destroyer had been delayed and was lagging behind the rest of the German force. By 0400hrs visibility was so poor that the crew of the Eidsvold could not see land although they were only around  from shore, at which point Willoch ordered that his ship was to raise anchor. At 0415hrs the first two German ships were spotted.

As the German naval force of 10 destroyers attempted to enter Narvik Harbour Willoch challenged them, signalling the lead destroyer. When the intruding ships failed to reply to the light signals Eidsvold fired a warning shot from one of her 76 mm (3 inch) guns. In response to the warning shot the German flotilla commander, Kapitän zur See Friedrich Bonte, despatched an emissary to the Eidsvold. The German officer told Willoch that the Germans were "coming as friends", but that the Norwegians had to hand over their warships to the German armed forces. Captain Willoch asked for time to consult his commander, Captain Per Askim, the commander of Norge. This request was refused by the Germans, but while Willoch had been talking to the German officer the radio officer on board the Eidsvold had communicated the events to Askim. Askim's response to the German demands and order to Willoch came immediately; Willoch and the Eidsvold was to open fire. Willoch responded to Askim; "I am attacking". While this was going on the German destroyer Wilhelm Heidkamp had positioned herself  off the port side of Eidsvold and trained her torpedo launchers on the Norwegian ship.

When the order came from Askim the German officer was about to leave to Eidsvold to return to his own vessel, but he was called back by the Norwegians and informed that the demands were not going to be met and that the Norwegian warship was to resist the German encroachment. The German officer did not reply to the Norwegian statements, but when the German launch set off away from the Eidsvold the people on board fired a red signal flare. As the Germans moved away in their launch Willoch commanded his port battery to open fire and a drum signal was initiated. Willoch shouted to the crewmen around him:  (). Seconds later, as Eidsvold had closed the distance to Wilhelm Heidkamp to , but before the large-calibre guns of the Eidsvold could open fire, three torpedoes struck her. Just before the torpedoes, hit the ship's battery commander had given the order; "Port battery, salvo". One of the German torpedoes hit the main ammunition hold, tearing apart Eidsvold, killing many crewmen and leaving the initial survivors swimming in water only just above freezing. Eidsvold broke in two and sank in 15 seconds, the stern disappearing last at 0437hrs. Only six seamen survived the sinking of Eidsvold; Willoch was not among the survivors.

Honours
Willoch was awarded with the Haakon VII Coronation Medal, he was a Knight of the Icelandic Order of the Falcon and a Chevalier of the French Légion d'honneur.

References

Literature

1885 births
1940 deaths
People from Larvik
Norwegian Military Academy alumni
Norwegian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II
Norwegian military personnel killed in World War II
Recipients of the Order of the Falcon
Knights of the Legion of Honour