Hamar Arbeiderblad (often referred to locally as "HA") is local newspaper published in Hamar, Norway by Hamar Media. The paper is edited by Carsten Bleness. HA was one of the first newspapers to place the internet edition of a newspaper behind a paywall.  Access to the internet edition is free for annual subscribers to the print edition.  Access to the internet edition costs the same as the print edition.

History
The first edition of Hamar Arbeiderblad was published on 30 March 1925 with a print run of 1200 copies. Local branches of the Labour Party
in Hamar, Vang, Stange, Romedal, Løten, Ringsaker and Nes were behind the founding of the newspaper. It was considered that Hamar and the surrounding areas needed their own newspaper. The paper's first editor was Nils Hønsvald. The paper got its own printing press in 1927.

The paper was originally distributed to municipalities around Hedmarken. In 1932 distribution was extended to include Østerdalen.

The paper is now the largest newspaper in Hedmark.  It has also grown from being a party organ of the Norwegian Labour Party to being a politically independent local newspaper, but it kept its original name all the same.

A new period of investment started in 1985, which meant that new equipment and a new production site came on stream in May 1987.  Starting in January 1998 the paper began a gradual change to tabloid format, a process which was completed by 12 April 1991.

The paper published a 20-page supplement when HamKam was promoted to the Norwegian Premier League in 2003.  The paper has published a feature-heavy magazine called HA Pluss on Saturdays since 2005.

Second World War

On 9 April 1940 -the day Germany invaded Norway- the paper came out strongly against the invasion.  From 15 April to 18 April the paper cooperated with Hamar Stiftstidende and switched printing presses, before it was evaluated whether the business could continue. The paper was published again on 3 May with Håkon Hoff as editor.  The paper expressed the opinion that war had come to Norway because of France and England, but also was of the opinion that the Nasjonal Samling had no mandate to represent Norwegian interests.

On 25 September 1940 the offices in Hamar and Elverum were closed by German police. The board was fired and Hoff (the editor) was informed by telegramme from the Police Department that he was no longer allowed to work at the paper. Later the same day he was informed that there had been a misunderstanding.  The paper was published again after a week, but Nazi propaganda was now more significant. In March 1941 Sigmund Stafne, a journalist, was dismissed by the Press Directorate.  Arthur Martinsen quit. Both ended up in Sweden.  Hoff resigned on 12 July 1941.  "One of a newspaper's duties is to build on reality, however hard and uncomfortable they may be." he wrote in his last article for the paper.  Hoff later became the editor of an illegal newspaper. Oddvar Røst took over as editor of HA.

On 25 September 1941 the paper was instructed to comment on the fact that it had been one year since Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of Norway  had named members of the Council of State, but Røst did not write what the Germans had been expecting.  Norwegians would never "give up the dream of a free Norway as long as the soldiers of another nation were on Norwegian soil."  Røst was interrogated for six hours by the head of the Gestapo in Lillehammer.  He was not allowed to leave the paper, but was not allowed to write for it either.  He left the paper on 31 January 1942.  Bernhard Dippner, a member of Nasjonal Samling took over. He was later arrested and accused of being a communist.   Bjørn Wentzel and Arthur Lodding were also editors before publication was stopped.

The paper was merged with Hamar Stiftstidende in 1943, a plan which had originally been mooted by the Department of Culture and People's Information in 1940.  The authorities changed the name of the paper to Hedmark in 1943.  On 1 July the Press Directorate stopped publication of both newspapers and started a paper called Dagbladet Hedmark in their place. It was printed at the press previously used by Hamar Stiftstidende.

Circulation
In 2014 it was the largest newspaper in Hedmark, with a circulation of 22.407.

References

Further reading

External links

1925 establishments in Norway
Amedia
Labour Party (Norway) newspapers
Mass media in Hamar
Newspapers published in Norway
Norwegian-language newspapers
Newspapers established in 1925


The Waccamaw silverside (Menidia extensa) is a rare species of fish in the family Atherinopsidae. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.

Description
This is a small (growing to about 2.5 inches), slim, almost transparent fish with a silvery stripe along each side. Its body is laterally compressed, the eyes are large, and the jaw is sharply angled upward. This fish spawns from April through June, but spawning reaches its peak when water temperatures are between 68 and 72 Fahrenheit. Fully developed larvae form small isolated schools by early May. No parental care of the young has been noted. The silversides reach sexual maturity by the following spring, spawn, and then shortly thereafter most of the adults die off. A few may survive a second winter.

Range and population level
Known only from Lake Waccamaw and the upper Waccamaw River in Columbus County, North Carolina, the silverside is found in the upper Waccamaw River only during periods of high water and is not a permanent resident. Lake Waccamaw (not to be confused with the town of Lake Waccamaw) is the property of the State of North Carolina and is administered by the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development's Division of Parks and Recreation. The species' population is estimated to be in the millions.

Habitat
Lake Waccamaw is a natural lake with an approximate surface area of  and an average depth of . Although it is fed by acidic swamp streams, the lake has a virtually neutral composition. This neutral condition, unusual among North Carolina's coastal plain lakes, is believed to be caused by the buffering effect of the calcareous Waccamaw Limestone formation, which underlies the lake and is exposed on the north shore. The Waccamaw silverside inhabits open water throughout the lake, where schools are commonly found near the surface over shallow, dark-bottomed areas.

Biology
This species is normally found in large schools close to the surface in open waterhwhere the substrate is dark and sandy. The population is able to tolerate heavy predation and they are frequently observed skipping over the water surface, a behavior which is apparently related to predator avoidance.

References

Waccamaw silverside
Endemic fish of the United States
Natural history of North Carolina
Fish described in 1946
Endemic fauna of North Carolina


The Church of St. Hubert the Hunter and its associated library, also known as the Bondurant Protestant Episcopal Church were built in Bondurant, Wyoming, the church in 1940-41 and the library in 1943. The church was financed by the sale of a diamond bequeathed to the Episcopal Church by Mrs. John Markoe, which was to be sold to finance a memorial church.  According to some versions, the church was to be built in the most remote part of the United States.  Wyoming Bishop Winfred H. Zeigler suggested Bondurant, where he had been forced to take shelter from a blizzard while traveling in 1937. The diamond was sold for $1400, and Zeigler returned to Bondurant to organize the construction of the church by local volunteers.

The rustic log church and library function as a community center for Bondurant. The church is operated by St. John's Episcopal Church in Jackson.

References

External links
The Church of St. Hubert the Hunter and Library at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Sublette County, Wyoming
Episcopal churches in Wyoming
Churches completed in 1940
20th-century Episcopal church buildings
Library buildings completed in 1943
National Register of Historic Places in Sublette County, Wyoming
1940 establishments in Wyoming


This page gathers the results of elections in Emilia-Romagna.

Regional elections

Latest regional election

In the latest regional election, which took place on 26 January 2020, Stefano Bonaccini (Democratic Party) was re-elected President of Emilia-Romagna, despite a strong challenge posed by Lucia Borgonzoni (Lega Nord Emilia–Romagna).

List of previous regional elections
1970 Emilia-Romagna regional election
1975 Emilia-Romagna regional election
1980 Emilia-Romagna regional election
1985 Emilia-Romagna regional election
1990 Emilia-Romagna regional election
1995 Emilia-Romagna regional election
2000 Emilia-Romagna regional election
2005 Emilia-Romagna regional election
2010 Emilia-Romagna regional election
2014 Emilia-Romagna regional election

Politics of Emilia-Romagna


Our Lady's Secondary School may refer to:

Our Lady of Fatima Secondary School, Aligarh, India
Our Lady of Mount Carmel Secondary School, Mississauga, Ontario
Our Lady's Secondary School, Templemore, County Tipperary, Ireland

See also
Our Lady's High School (disambiguation)


Goose Pond Reservation is a  nature preserve in Lee, Massachusetts and is managed by the Trustees of Reservations as a wilderness area.  There are no trails around the shoreline as it is much too rocky, but the area can be accessed by boat from the nearby boat ramp.  The reservation is adjacent to National Park Service land and is crossed by the Appalachian Trail.

The reservation was established in 1986.

References

External links
 The Trustees of Reservations: Goose Pond Reservation

The Trustees of Reservations
Open space reserves of Massachusetts
Protected areas of Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Protected areas established in 1986
1986 establishments in Massachusetts


Uncial 0108 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 60 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 7th-century. Formerly it was labelled by Θd.

Description

The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of Luke 11:37-41.42-45, on one parchment leaves (30 cm by 24 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 23-24 lines per page, in uncial letters. Accents were added by a later hand.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

History

C. R. Gregory dated the manuscript to the 7th or 8th-century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 7th century.

Constantin von Tischendorf brought the manuscript from the East in 1859, and edited its text in his Notitia.

It was described by Eduard de Muralt and Kurt Treu.

The codex currently is located at the Russian National Library (Gr. 22) in Saint Petersburg.

See also

 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

 Constantin von Tischendorf, Notitia editionis codicis Bibliorum Sinaitici (Leipzig, 1860), p. 50.
 Kurt Treu, Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der USSR; eine systematische Auswertung des Texthandschriften in Leningrad, Moskau, Kiev, Odessa, Tbilisi und Erevan, T & U 91 (Berlin: 1966), pp. 39–40.

Greek New Testament uncials
7th-century biblical manuscripts
National Library of Russia collection


Craig Schley is an American politician and activist who serves as representative of West 123 Street Residents’ Association.  He has been a member of the Democratic Party since he was 18 years old.

Education
In 2003 Schley graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science from New York University and in 2018, he graduated from Mitchell Hamline School of Law as a Thurgood Marshall Scholar.

Advocacy

Media Appearances

Schley has appeared on New York based radio station WBAI 99.5 FM on political current events. He's also made appearances on other media outlets such as Fox News, Pure Imagination on Progressive Radio Network, Indashio Runway, WHCR 90.3 FM Harlem based community radio station and is a frequent guest and commentator on Black Empowerment radio show on BlogTalkRadio. In addition, Schley is a contributor to the Black Star News electronic and print media.

Harlem Re-Zoning Activism
In 2008, the City Planning Commission Chair, Amanda Burden announced the rezoning of 125th Street (Manhattan) and declaring “this comprehensive initiative will fulfill the promise of Harlem's ‘Main Street’ as a vibrant corridor and a premier arts, entertainment and commercial destination in [New York] city.” The zoning changes proposed allowances for taller buildings, thereby increasing the density for homes and encouraging the support of artistic and cultural spaces by limiting the street presence of banks and other “non-active” businesses to encourage more pedestrians in the area. The plan would affect the 24 square blocks between 124th and 126th Streets, from Broadway to Second Avenue.

As executive director of VFPC, Schley fought against the re-zoning proposal, arguing that the city “had not sought the input of the actual community” when it put together the proposal and that the current proposal does not adequately protect or serve the interest of the local community or the historic character of the commercial district. Schley and the VOTE People research team found a century-old clause in the City Charter that could slow the rezoning process. The clause says that if the owners of at least 20% of the land either adjacent to or across from the area being rezoned disapprove of the development, 75% - not a simple majority of the Council must approve the rezoning for the process to continue. This stalled the rezoning plan and construction of any kind had to cease and attracted attention of the City Planning Commission, media and the broader community. VOTE People legally challenged the appeals in court twice. Despite efforts, they were unsuccessful in securing the necessary monetary and legal resources which was essential to effectively wage to overturn the Harlem re-zoning scheme which eventually was given the go-ahead.

During the Occupy Wall Street movement which spread to Harlem, Schley suggested that problems in northern Manhattan differ compared with those of Wall Street; rather than finance, they are community-based concerns. "If we are going to step out and occupy Harlem, we need to make sure we're going to occupy the needs of this community. And let's make it clear: You can't do it unabashed. When African Americans step out there, things tend to get hostile."

Early life
Schley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He grew up in a lower-middle-class neighborhood in Philadelphia. Despite not being afforded the right educational tools to fulfill his dreams he overcame substantial hurdles, seeking to turn setbacks into triumphs.

Early career
Before attending college, Schley moved away from Philadelphia seeking opportunities to build vocational skills, he landed an electrician apprenticeship for the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers in Atlanta, Georgia. Schley later became a member of IAFF Local 1492 and served the public as a firefighter for Dekalb County, Georgia.

Schley moved to New York City to attend NYU where he paid his way through university by modeling for Wilhelmina modeling agency.

Campaign(s)
Schley's first introduction to Democratic Party politics was first as an intern for Bronx Borough President and Democratic Party nominee for Mayor Freddy Ferrer. Shortly thereafter he began working as an intern managing the housing and social security constituent queries for former congressman Charles Rangel. Schley became the political strategist for Felipe Luciano during his bid for office; consulting for and coordinating field operations for City Councilor Verna Tyler in Philadelphia's 17th Ward.

In 2008 Craig launched his first political campaign when he ran for congress challenging the Democratic stalwart Charles Rangel for the 13th Congressional District of New York.

In January 2010, Schley ran for congress again as an Independent and Vote People for Change line.

In 2012, Schley ran for congress this time as a Democrat while being endorsed by the Republican Party in the newly drawn 13th Congressional District of New York. Although he was unsuccessful in his electoral bid, Schley garnered 12,132 votes.

Inspired by his great-grandfather, Luke Grady, who, after reconstruction, taught himself how to read and became North Carolina's first African-American State Legislator. Schley seeks to carry on Grady's tradition of serving others in their government, and aims to represent the people in the  New York State Assembly's 70th District, where he has resided and served for nearly 20 years.

Award(s)
Schley was recognized by Harlem Children's Zone on two separate occasions receiving the Community Pride Award in August 2007 and In March 2009 the Initiative for Manhood Award.

In 2011 Schley was awarded for outstanding generosity and dedication by the VAG where he worked and assisted with the organizational structure, acted as a liaison and raised funds for the Youth Summit Program (an initiative to address violence among the youth).

In 2012 The Veterans Action Network awarded Schley with the Veteran's Housing Advocate Award.

References

1963 births
Living people
Politicians from Philadelphia
American radio personalities


The Commonwealth Party was a political party in Gibraltar. It was the first party to contest an election after the Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR) and was led by Juan Jose Triay.

History
The party was founded in 1953. The party won a seat in the 1956 general elections, taken by Triay. In the elections to the City Council, three months later (on 5 December 1956) the Commonwealth Party got two out of ten seats, for Guy Stagnetto and Louis Bruzon (besides 5 for the AACR, and 3 independents).

However, in 1957 Triay resigned from the Legislative Council in protest at the silence adopted by the other members of the council on the Spanish visa restrictions issue. In the by-election, the Commonwealth Party candidate, Alfred Vasquez was not elected and the party disbanded.

References

External links
When elections were not contested.

Defunct political parties in Gibraltar
Political parties established in 1953
1953 establishments in Gibraltar
Political parties disestablished in 1957


Football 5-a-side has been contested at the Summer Paralympics since 2004. The competition has consisted of a single event, men's team; women have never competed. Football 5-a-side is an adaptation of football for athletes with visual impairments including blindness. The sport, governed by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA), is played with modified FIFA rules.

Medalists

Medal table

Participating nations
- : denotes nation that did not take part that year.

X : denotes nation that did not advance into the final rounds.

See also
Football 7-a-side at the Summer Paralympics
Football at the Summer Olympics

References

Football at the Summer Paralympics


Jeremy Lee Chun-kit (; born 8 September 1995), is a Hong Kong singer, dancer, actor, and member of Hong Kong boy group Mirror. In 2022, he made his solo debut with the single "Half".

Career

2018–present: Mirror
In 2018, Lee competed in the reality television show Good Night Show King Maker created by ViuTV. Lee was initially criticised by netizens for having a Korean style and lacking unique personalities. He managed to advance to the final 10 and finished at ninth overall. In November 2018, Lee made his debut as a member of the boy music group Mirror with their debut single "In a Second" (一秒間).

Lee made his acting debut in the 2018 television series Being An Actor.  He has a supporting role in the spin-off drama Showman's Show. Lee portrays Chris 3 in the 2020 youth sport drama We are the Littles.

Lee released an unofficial solo song "Dream Words" () on 1 June 2021 on his own YouTube channel. His fans, named Unicorn, spent thousands of HK dollars to promote the song at various bus stops. They also organised an advertisement campaign, and art exhibition at the Jao Tsung-I Academy, purchasing various billboards at prime locations and decorating public buses with Lee's pictures for his twenty-sixth birthday.

On 12 May 2021, Lee opened another Youtube channel, named "Dragon and Piglet" (巨龍與豬仔 Stanley & Jeremy) together with Stanley Yau, a fellow member of Mirror.

2022–present: Solo activities
On 22 February 2022, Lee made his solo debut with the single "Half" (). On 18 July 2022, Lee released his second single, "Nine" (九). On 27 October 2022, Lee released his third single, "Apollo" (阿波羅). At the Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation 2022, Lee won the Best Male Newcomer Gold Award.

On 6 March 2023, Lee released his fourth single, "CLOSER".

On 5 May 2023, along with Jer Lau of Mirror, Lee performed a duet version of Lau's solo song "Stellar Moments of Humankind" on the popular Youtube channel "The First Take" The duo becomes the second and third artist of Hong Kong to be featured on the channel.

On 28 August, Lee released his fifth single, "Fever". The single is produced by T-Ma.

On 30 August 2023, Lee held his debut solo concert MOOV LIVE Jeremy at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre.

Discography

As lead artist

Filmography

Film

Television series

Variety show

Videography

Music videos

Concerts

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
Hong Kong male television actors
Hong Kong television personalities
Hong Kong male dancers
Hong Kong dancers
21st-century Hong Kong male singers
Hong Kong idols
King Maker contestants
Mirror (group) members
Dance-pop musicians


Saint Thomas West Hospital, formerly Saint Thomas Hospital, is a 541-acute-care-bed health care facility located in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The hospital sees 21,388 total admissions and 32,000 emergency department visits annually.

Saint Thomas Hospital is one of the Saint Thomas Health family of hospitals,.

Saint Thomas West Hospital has earned several distinctions from HealthGrades, a third-party organization that evaluates hospitals and physicians. In June 2009, Saint Thomas Hospital was recognized with a 2009/2010 HealthGrades Outstanding Patient Experience Award. In October 2009, HealthGrades gave Saint Thomas Hospital five-star ratings for joint replacement surgery, spine surgery, total knee replacement, treatment of stroke, overall pulmonary care, treatment of pneumonia, vascular surgery, repair of the abdominal aorta, carotid surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, pancreatitis and cholecystectomy.

History
Saint Thomas Hospital was opened in Nashville by the Daughters of Charity. The hospital officially began receiving patients on April 11, 1898.  It moved to its current campus, some 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the original, in 1972.

The hospital expanded as the city's health care needs grew. Today, Saint Thomas Hospital is part of Saint Thomas Health. The 541-bed facility employs more than 3,500 and has 750 physicians on staff.

In the fall of 2012, the hospital's outpatient neurosurgery unit, along with two other pain treatment centers in Tennessee (Specialty Surgery Center, Crossville; PCA Pain Care Center, Oak Ridge) and cases from other states (especially Virginia, Florida and Maryland) was affected by a non-contagious, fungal (Aspergillosis) strain of meningitis (fungal meningitis). There have been four deaths and 26 total infections, including some in Tennessee, and the center is closed for now. Disparities among some of the biopsy findings were sent to be confirmed by the CDC in Atlanta.

In 2013, the hospital's name was changed to Saint Thomas – West Hospital when its sister hospital, previously called Baptist Hospital (originally Protestant Hospital, but owned in recent years by the same parent organization and located across the street from Saint Thomas' original campus), was renamed "Saint Thomas – Midtown Hospital".

References

External links
 Saint Thomas West Hospital
 Saint Thomas Life Therapies

Hospital buildings completed in 1898
Hospitals in Nashville, Tennessee
Christian hospitals


Lieutenant-Colonel Kanwar Shumshere Singh (21 June 1879 – 12 May 1975) was an Indian military doctor and cricketer.

Born in Bahraich, Singh attended Rugby School, where he made appearances for the school cricket eleven during 1896. Proceeding to Pembroke College, Cambridge, he had a trial in 1901 with Cambridge University's cricket team, and played a solitary match for them against Surrey. He also played in four first-class matches for Kent.

He was noted as a batsman with a "strong defence" and a fine fielder.

After Cambridge he trained as a doctor at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London and qualified in 1905. He was commissioned into the Indian Medical Service in 1906, being steadily promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1926. He retired in 1934.

At the time of his death in New Delhi, he was the oldest surviving Kent cricketer.

References

External links

1879 births
1975 deaths
Indian cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
Kent cricketers
People educated at Rugby School
Indian Medical Service officers
Indian Army personnel of World War I
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
People from Bahraich
Medical doctors from Uttar Pradesh
20th-century Indian medical doctors
19th-century Indian medical doctors
Medical doctors from British India


Harriet Anna Mayor  (December 13, 1933 – September 2023) was the President of the J. William and Harriet Fulbright Center and Board President of Harriet Fulbright College. She was the second wife, and widow, of United States Senator J. William Fulbright. Mayor was the Executive Director of the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities under President Bill Clinton.

Early life and education
Harriet Fulbright was born in New York City, New York on December 13, 1933.  Her father, Brantz Mayor, worked for Time Magazine.  She has five siblings, one of whom is bestselling mystery author Archer Mayor.  The family moved often during Fulbright's youth and as a consequence, she spent much of her childhood in Washington, D.C., New York City and Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Her first overseas experience was at the age of 14, when she traveled to Colombia for a summer study program. She continued her education at Radcliffe College, the women's college counterpart to Harvard University, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in 1955. In 1975, Fulbright earned her MFA from the George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

Fulbright married William Watts in 1953 and gave birth to three daughters. The family spent two years each stationed in the USSR and South Korea and one year in Germany.  She taught English in each country and would continue to teach for many years to come.

Life with Senator Fulbright
In 1987, Mayor served as the Executive Director of the Fulbright Association and moved the headquarters from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania to Washington, D.C. Senator Fulbright was on the board of the Fulbright Association at the time and the two began spending time together. The two were married on March 10, 1990, in a private ceremony at Senator Fulbright's home in Washington when JW Fulbright was 83 years old.

After marrying, the two traveled for two years before JW Fulbright suffered from the first of several strokes before his death. Notable trips included a journey to Japan for the publication of Fulbright's autobiography, Against the Arrogance of Power: My Personal History, Moscow and Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall and Hawaii. Near the end of January 1992, Senator Fulbright suffered the last of many strokes. He died on February 9, 1995.

Later activities
Harriet Fulbright served as an "unofficial ambassador" for the Fulbright Program and was often invited to speak at events that range from university commencements to milestone anniversaries for Fulbright Commissions around the world who are celebrating the presence of her late husband's educational exchange program in their respective countries.  As a result of her status as an international figure of peace and education, she received many awards and honorary degrees. She sat on the advisory board of the Alliance for Peacebuilding. In 2006, she created the J. William & Harriet Fulbright Center, a nonprofit dedicated to promoting peace through international education and furthering her husband's legacy. Fulbright celebrated her 75th birthday in Washington.

Awards and honors
Fulbright received numerous honors and accolades throughout her career.  Below is a partial list:

References

1933 births
2023 deaths
Radcliffe College alumni
George Washington University alumni
Honorary Members of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
People from New York City


Credit Union 1 is a credit union based in Rantoul, Illinois.  Its service area spans the Chicago metropolitan area, the northern and central regions of Illinois, the Indianapolis metropolitan area, and the Las Vegas metropolitan area. CU1 serves approximately 89,000 members throughout Illinois, Indiana and Nevada.

This credit union is federally insured by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA).

History
Credit Union 1 was established as Chanute Military Credit Union in 1958.  The original field of membership was personnel and dependents of Chanute Air Force Base.  In 1978 it was announced that Chanute Air Force Base was a candidate for closure. After the decision was made in March of 1979 to retain Chanute Air Force Base as a viable military technical training center, plans were developed to insulate the credit union from actions of this type in the future. As a result, the credit union made concentrated efforts in 1979 to further develop another segment of potential members, and a merger took place with Fort Sheridan Federal Credit Union. This merger expanded Credit Union 1’s field of membership to the Military Reserve and National Guard Units in Illinois. The next expansion CU1 experienced was changing the field of membership from “occupational” to “associational”. This meant CU1’s field of membership was no longer restricted to military affiliation.

Since then, Credit Union 1 has continued to grow and progress through mergers and acquisitions, as well as growing “Select Employee Groups” (SEGs). CU1 is highly regarded in the credit union community and has been a solid merger partner for several credit unions, consolidating to make a more dynamic credit union. The progression also added diversity and opportunity in new markets.

The primary SEGs include all State of Illinois employees, all Cook County employees, students and faculty of University of Illinois at Chicago, UI Health, students and faculty of Eastern Illinois University, Navistar, Tribune Companies, AON Corporation, Elmhurst Memorial Hospital employees, Alzheimer’s Association, Hyatt Hotels and a number of other companies and organizations.

Credit Union1 has also bought naming rights for the former Hollywood Casino Amphitheater, now known as the Credit Union 1 Amphitheater, in Tinley Park, Illinois

References

External links
 Credit Union 1 Official website

Companies based in Champaign County, Illinois
Credit unions based in Illinois
Credit unions based in Indiana
Credit unions based in Nevada

Lombard, Illinois
Organizations established in 1949
Organizations established in 1958
Organizations established in 1965
Rantoul, Illinois
1958 establishments in Illinois


Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Shannon KP, PC (Ire) (30 January 1727 – 20 May 1807), was an Irish peer and Member of Parliament. He represented Dungarvan and County Cork, and succeeded his father as Earl of Shannon.

Family
He was the elder surviving son of Henry Boyle, 1st Earl of Shannon, and his second wife, Lady Henrietta Boyle (1700–1746). His maternal grandparents were Charles Boyle, 2nd Earl of Burlington, and Juliana Noel.

Career
Boyle was educated at Trinity College Dublin. In 1749, he entered the Irish House of Commons, representing Dungarvan until 1761. He was then elected for Clonakilty as well as County Cork and sat for the latter constituency until 1764 when he succeeded his father in the titles. According to the "Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture" (1998) by William John McCormack and Patrick Gillan, Richard "did not possess the political talent which had enabled his father to dominate the Irish House of Commons for so long."

He served in the Privy Council of Ireland from 1763 to 1770. In 1766, Shannon was commissioned Master-General of the Ordnance of the Kingdom of Ireland. He resigned his post in 1770. In 1774, Shannon was again appointed Privy Councilor, serving to 1789. The same year he was appointed Muster-Master-General of the royal military forces in the Kingdom of Ireland. He maintained his position to 1781. That year he became Joint Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, an office held in commission with other politicians to 1789. In the later office Shannon served under William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, the active Lord High Treasurer of Ireland.

In 1783, Shannon was among the Founders of the Knights of St Patrick. In 1786, Shannon was created Baron Carleton in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title would keep being inherited by later Earls of Shannon. According to the "Blackwell Companion" this was a reward for political services to King George III. Shannon "remained a force in domestic politics" and supported the governments of Dublin Castle. In other words, Shannon actively supported the continued British rule in Ireland throughout the 1770s and 1780s. At the time the Irish Volunteers, the local Irish militia, played a part in both military and political matters of the island. The Constitution of 1782 also increased the legislative freedom of the Irish Parliament. British administration relied in part to their continued support.

In 1789, Shannon retired from all his political offices. The "Blackwell Companion" considers this a direct result of the Regency crisis of 1788. In the summer of 1788 the mental health of George III deteriorated, but he was nonetheless able to discharge some of his duties and to declare British Parliament prorogued from 25 September to 20 November. During the prorogation George III became deranged, posing a threat to his own life, and when Parliament reconvened in November the King could not deliver the customary Speech from the Throne during the State Opening of Parliament. Parliament found itself in an untenable position; according to long-established law, it could not proceed to any business until the delivery of the King's Speech at a State Opening. The administration of William Pitt the Younger, Prime Minister of Great Britain, outlined formal plans for installing a Regency. However, their authority to do so was questionable. Shannon "broke with the administration" during the Crisis.

The "Blackwell Companion" notes that he was back in the political fold by the middle of the 1790s, continuing to support the governments of Dublin Castle. In 1793, he was appointed a Privy Councilor for the third and final time. He served to his death in 1807. Also in 1793, Shannon was appointed First Lord of the Treasury for the Kingdom of Ireland. The "Companion" notes his strong support of the Act of Union 1800 which created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The authors point that the Act would result in "the abolition of his parliamentary base".

His letters to his son, Henry, dating in large part to the 1798 period, were published in 1982.

Marriage and children
On 15 December 1763, Richard married Catherine Ponsonby. Her parents were John Ponsonby, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons from 1756 to 1771, and his wife Lady Elizabeth Cavendish. Lady Elizabeth was a daughter of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, and his wife Catherine Hoskins. Her maternal grandparents were John Hoskins and Catherine Hale.

Richard and Catherine had two children:

Catherine Henrietta Boyle (12 January 1768 – 8 July 1815). Married Francis Bernard, 1st Earl of Bandon.
Henry Boyle, 3rd Earl of Shannon (8 August 1771 – 22 April 1842).

References

External links
His profile in the "Blackwell Companion"

1727 births
1807 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Irish MPs 1761–1768
Knights of St Patrick
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Richard
Commissioners of the Treasury for Ireland
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Waterford constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies
Earls of Shannon


St. John's is the largest city and metropolis in Newfoundland and Labrador with a population of 192,326. In St. John's, there are seven buildings that stand taller than . The tallest building in the city is the 11-storey,  Confederation Building. The majority of the high-rises in the city are in the downtown area, however Confederation building is located outside of the downtown. The tallest building downtown is the  John Cabot Place, with 13 floors.

Due to strict height regulations in the downtown area, the city has seen very few high-rises built in comparison to other cities of similar size. In 2010 the city amended height regulation for a small area of Water Street to allow for higher density buildings. The latest development in this area was 351 Water Street; at  and 11 floors.

Tallest buildings
This list ranks buildings in St. John's that stand at least 30 metres (98 ft) tall, based on CTBUH height measurement standards. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts.

Tallest under construction or proposed

See also

 List of tallest buildings in Atlantic Canada
 Architecture of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
 Canadian Centre for Architecture
 Canadian architecture
 Downtown St. John's
 Society of Architectural Historians

References

St. John's

Tallest buildings in St. John's


Jacobs Hill is a  open space preserve in Royalston, Massachusetts acquired in 1975 by the land conservation non-profit organization The Trustees of Reservations. The preserve includes scenic vistas, ledges, woodlands, a northern bog, and Spirit Falls, a  waterfall. The  Tully Trail passes through the property. Views from the ledges include the Berkshires as well as nearby Long Pond and the Tully River Valley, Tully Mountain, and Mount Grace.

History
Acreage was purchased by the Trustees of Reservations in 1975 out of anonymous funds; additional parcels were acquired in 1978 and 1994.

Recreation and conservation
The preserve is open to fishing, walking, picnicking, hunting (in season), cross country skiing, and hiking. A trailhead is located off Massachusetts Route 68  from Royalston center.

Jacobs Hill is part of a larger contiguous area of protected open space, connected by the Tully Trail and including the United States Army Corps of Engineers' Tully Lake flood control project, The Trustees of Reservations' Royalston Falls and Doane's Falls properties, and Massachusetts state forest land. Tully Lake Campground, a 35-site walk-in and tent-only facility jointly managed by the Army Corps of Engineers and the Trustees of Reservations, is located along the Tully Trail to the south.

References

External links
Jacob's Hill The Trustees of Reservations
Doane's Falls The Trustees of Reservations
Royalston Falls The Trustees of Reservations
Tully Lake Campground The Trustees of Reservations
Campground map
Map of the Tully Trail
Tully Lake U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Tully Lake Park Map U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

The Trustees of Reservations
Protected areas of Worcester County, Massachusetts
Open space reserves of Massachusetts
Royalston, Massachusetts
Protected areas established in 1975
1975 establishments in Massachusetts


I Set My Friends on Fire (often abbreviated as ISMFOF) is an experimental rock band from Miami, Florida. The band was formed in 2007 by Matt Mehana and former member Nabil Moo. The group signed with Epitaph Records before releasing their debut album, You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter, in 2008. Their second album, Astral Rejection, was originally supposed to be released on June 22, 2010, but the original recording was shelved by Epitaph, and later released on June 21, 2011. Shortly after, Chris Lent also left the band. Their third album, Caterpillar Sex, was announced in 2013 but has since still never seen a release.

History

I Set My Friends on Fire EP (2007–2008)
Matt Mehana and Nabil Moo performed previously in a local band named We Are The Cavalry. After the band disbanded, Mehana and Moo began creating songs under the name I Set My Friends on Fire. Some assumed that the new name was derived from the Aiden song of the same title. However, the group explained they were unaware of this at the time. Mehana has expressed his dismay over fans assuming that they used an Aiden song for their name, stating that Aiden "sucks".  They garnered a large audience due in part to MySpace, where their first single, a rendition of Soulja Boy Tell 'Em's "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" (originally entitled "Crank That Cavalry Boy") received more than one million plays. The duo's MySpace page was removed three times because the MySpace staff believed that the duo were using software to increase the song's play count. The band released a self-titled EP before releasing their first album. The EP features the songs "Crank That", "ASL", and "Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beerholder".

You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter (2008–2009)
The duo then signed to Epitaph Records, which released their debut album You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter on October 7, 2008. The album garnered a negative to mixed reception from various critics. You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter reached number 29 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart. The song "Things That Rhyme with Orange" was the second single from the album and their third career single.

Works with Smosh (2008–2009)
On November 21, 2008, the comedy duo Smosh had teamed up with I Set My Friends on Fire and released their first music video and second single, called "Sex Ed Rocks" which had over 20 million views. Later in September 2009, they teamed up yet again and released their second music video and fourth single, entitled "Four Years Foreplay" which attracted over 7 million views. "Four Years Foreplay" featured I Set My Friends On Fire's new drummer Chris Lent from From First To Last.

Astral Rejection and Nabil's Departure (2010–2012)

I Set My Friends on Fire entered the studio in early 2010 to write and record their second album. The group performed at The Bamboozle music festival in New Jersey on May 1, 2010, and then entered the studio for a second time on June 2, 2010, to finish their upcoming album.

On July 20, 2010, Matt explained in a YouTube interview that Nabil had left the band to focus on school and to be with his family.

The first single from the album, "Excite Dyke", was released exclusively via digital download on June 15, 2010, as part of a new Epitaph compilation CD entitled "New Noise Vol. 1".

The full album Astral Rejection was released and streamed on ISMFOF's website on June 16, 2011. Astral Rejection was released in stores on June 21, 2011. On July 18, the music video for "It Comes Naturally" was released on YouTube directed by Nicholas Lent and co-founder and ex-member Nabil Moo.

Caterpillar Sex (2013–2017)
In September 2015, Mehana announced that the band had a new line up featuring former members of The Bunny The Bear. In November, the band departed on their first tour in over three years. They toured consistently for the next nine months, playing over 150 shows in 24 countries.

Mehana had started releasing several demos for a new album entitled Caterpillar Sex. These demos showed a much more experimental side, being almost completely electronic with no real drums, and very little guitar. Caterpillar Sex was postponed many times, with Mehana stating that his style kept changing. The album was slated to be released on July 21, 2017, and was expected to contain 24 tracks. Its first single, entitled "The Vision and Scarlet Witch," was released on June 28, 2017.  According to the band's official Facebook page, the album has still gone unreleased, no reason has been given, but issues with their label at the time are a likely culprit.

My Uzi Holds A Hundred Round Conscience (2017)
On December 9, 2016, the band announced on their Facebook page that they have signed to Tragic Hero Records and have released the first single from their upcoming fourth studio album My Uzi Holds A Hundred Round Conscience. A music video was also filmed for the single. The band toured the US, Canada, Europe, and Russia in early 2017. They announced that they were going to be on the first ever Tragic Hero Records Tour as direct support for The Dead Rabbitts in June and July. The album was scheduled for July 21 but had been pushed to Fall due to unforeseen "production issues", as of December 2019 neither this album or Caterpillar Sex have seen release.

10 Years Of Slaughter, fourth record, Original Astral Rejection, Caterpillar Sex update (2018–present)
In January 2018, the band announced that they would be doing a 10 Year anniversary tour for "You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter" called 10 Years Of Slaughter tour. Later that week, the band announced their first leg which covered major cities in the US and also announced Kissing Candice and Awaken I am as support. The tour kicked off on February 15 in Pittsburgh and ended March 16th in Oklahoma City. The tour consisted of multiple festival appearances and headline shows in small clubs, which resulted in most dates selling out.

On March 20, the band announced a second leg of the tour which covered major cities in Canada and cities they had previously missed in the US on the first leg. The next day, the Germany-based Metal band Annisokay was announced as direct support. Red Handed Denial and The Funeral Portrait were then announced as the other support bands on this tour.

In April, the band announced they were in the studio recording the rest of the fourth record.

The band went on to tour Europe in October and released a new single titled "Don't Take Me For Pomegranate" featuring rapper Lil Lotus.

In an interview with DEAD PRESS! while touring the UK in 2018, Mehana shared that Epitaph Records' decision to scrap the original version of their second record Astral Rejection caused tension between him and Moo, and that the stress forced him to leave the band. Mehana was then left to handle the writing duties solo, later recruiting Chris Lent of From First To Last into the line-up.

Reportedly, in the same interview, Mehana stated that Epitaph Records have since been in touch with him with the intention of releasing the originally recorded album officially under the name of "O.G. Astral Rejection" or "Original Astral Rejection".

On March 7, 2019, the band confirmed that the shelved and original version of Astral Rejection would get an official release through Epitaph Records on March 29, 2019.

The band has stated that they currently don't have tour plans in the works but they were hoping to tour sometime before the end of 2019. This didn't happen, however.

In May 2019, the band released a mini EP in collaboration with rapper Lil Lotus, entitled Online Now.

On August 19, 2019, the band made a post on Instagram confirming that Caterpillar Sex did still exist and was seemingly in the finishing stages of production.

Musical style

I Set My Friends on Fire is recognized for their experimental musical style. The group blends elements from a variety of genres including electronica, crunkcore, post-hardcore, metalcore, electronicore, alternative metal, screamo, dance-pop, mathcore, and glitch. AllMusic describes the group's style as "a tornado of musical influences and genres".

Band members

Current members
Matt Mehanalead vocals (2007–present), keyboards, programming (2010–present)
 Chris Thompsondrums (2016–present)
 Connor Mitchenerbass (2016–present)
 Jimmy Bennett lead guitar, backing vocals (2022–present), rhythm guitar (2018, 2022–present)

Former members
 Nabil Moolead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals, bass, sequencer, programming (2007–2010), drums (2007–2009)
 Chris Lentdrums (2009–2011), lead guitar, keyboards, sequencer (2010–2011)
 Nate Blasdell lead guitar, backing vocals (2015–2022)
 Josh Millerdrums (2015-2016)
 Jonathan Rosellrhythm guitar (2015-2017), bass (2015-2016)
 Hector Bagnod rhythm guitar (2017–2022)

Touring members

 Cobrette Bardoleguitar (2023-present)
 Paul Felixbass (2022)
 Evan Fortgangguitar (2022-2023)
 Kane Buckley guitar (2016-2017), bass (2016)
 Steven Colaianniguitar <small> (2017)
 Cody Wagnerdrums (2016)
 Blake Steinerlead guitar (2010-2011)
 Evan PerryDJ (2011)
 Ashton Howarthrhythm guitar (2011)
 Andrew Tapleyrhythm guitar, bass (2011)
 Matt Mingusdrums (2012)
 Joe Nelsonlead guitar, backing vocals (2011-2012)
 Airick Delgadorhythm guitar (2012)
 August Bartelldrums (2012)

Discography

Studio albums and extended plays

Singles

* these are possible songs to be released on this album, but are not verified

Music videos

References

External links
 Official Myspace
 Epitaph Records

2007 establishments in Florida
Electronic music duos
Electronic music groups from Florida
Epitaph Records artists
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups from Miami
American musical quintets
Tragic Hero Records artists
American experimental musical groups
American experimental rock groups
American post-hardcore musical groups
Metalcore musical groups from Florida


Hucisko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryszawa, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Stryszawa,  south-west of Sucha Beskidzka, and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Hucisko


Krzeszów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryszawa, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Stryszawa,  west of Sucha Beskidzka, and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Villages in Sucha County


Kuków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryszawa, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Stryszawa,  west of Sucha Beskidzka, and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Villages in Sucha County


Kurów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryszawa, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately  west of Stryszawa,  west of Sucha Beskidzka, and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Villages in Sucha County


Lachowice  is a village in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is a sołectwo within the administrative district called Gmina Stryszawa. It lies approximately  west of Sucha Beskidzka and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Lachowice


Pewelka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryszawa, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately  west of Stryszawa,  west of Sucha Beskidzka, and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Pewelka


Stryszawa  is a village, the seat of the administrative district of Gmina Stryszawa, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately  east of Lachowice,  south-west of Sucha Beskidzka, and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

The village was established in the second half of the 15th century by Słupski family, the owners of Sucha, and was first mentioned in 1480.

References

Stryszawa


Targoszów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stryszawa, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Stryszawa,  west of Sucha Beskidzka, and  south-west of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Villages in Sucha County


Klakki (known as Exista until 2011) is an Icelandic financial services group formerly listed on the Iceland Stock Exchange. Its activities are based primarily on insurance underwriting and other financial services, although it is also active in investments. The group's primary market is the Nordic countries.

History
According to a report, Luxembourg-registered Compagnie Financiere Scandinave was renamed the Scandinavian Holding a month after incorporation. Later it was renamed Meidur S.A.. Meidur changed its name to Exista.

Exista was founded in 2001 by a consortium of Icelandic savings banks as a vehicle to hold shares in Kaupthing Bank. A controlling shareholding in Exista was sold to a holding company of Bakkavör founders Ágúst and Lýdur Gudmundsson in 2002. In September 2006 the firm was floated on the Iceland Stock Exchange in a €2.6 billion initial public offering, the biggest in the country's history. The Gudmundsson brothers continue however to hold a near-45% stake in the business. The company was delisted from the exchange in December 2008 following a share buyback.

By 9 October 2008, Kaupthing Bank HF was forced into government receivership. On 29 July 2009 WikiLeaks exposed a confidential 210-page document listing Kaupthing's exposure to loans ranging from €45 million–1.25 billion. The leaked presentation revealed the bank had loaned billions of euros to its major shareholders, including a total of €1.43 billion to Exista and subsidiaries which own 23% of the bank.

Operations

Insurance and financial services
Exista owns the Icelandic non-life insurance company Vátryggingarfélag Íslands (VÍS), which holds around one-third of the domestic market. Exista acquired control of VÍS from Kaupthing Bank in 2006. The firm also owns VÍS's sister company, the life cover provider Lífís. Exista's third consolidated subsidiary is Lýsing, which is a provider of asset financing.

Investments
Prior to the 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis, Exista held a number of significant stakes in publicly traded companies. It opted to divest many of these, including 20% of Sampo Group, 8.7% of Storebrand and 39.6% of Bakkavör, in October 2008 in order to boost its capital position. It was also the largest single shareholder (with almost 25%) of Kaupthing Bank before its de facto nationalisation by the Icelandic government.

Currently Exista holds a 29% share of JJB Sports in conjunction with its chief executive Chris Ronnie, and is the sole owner of Skipti, the parent company of Icelandic telecommunications provider Síminn.

References

External links

Banks of Iceland
Banks established in 2001
Financial services companies established in 2001


The Tuscan regional election of 2005 took place on 3–4 April 2005.

Incumbent Claudio Martini (Democrats of the Left) defeated Alessandro Antichi (Forza Italia) by a landslide.

Electoral system
Tuscany uses its own legislation of 2004 to elect its Council. The councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and close lists.

In this system parties are grouped in alliances, and the alliance which receives a plurality of votes elects all its candidates, its leader becoming the President of Tuscany.

In 2005 the number of the regional councilors rose to 65 from 50.

Parties and candidates

Results
2005 election led to the return to the guide of the Region, for its second consecutive term, Claudio Martini, supported by the center-left coalition.

If the mechanisms of electoral law generated a Regional Council very similar to the incumbent one, popular vote marked a significant increase in the gap between the two sides, which was almost halved. The same plurality party, Democrats of the Left in coalition with other parties in The Olive Tree, increased of more than one hundred thousand preferences. The election was also the test for a list that led, within two years, to the national foundation of a new political entity, the Democratic Party.

Like 1995 election, Communist Refoundation Party run lonely with its candidate.

2005 elections in Italy
2005 regional election
April 2005 events in Europe
2005


Christoph Dreher (born 1952) is a German filmmaker, musician and scriptwriter. From 2000 until 2020, he was a professor of audiovisual media.

After studying political science and philosophy at the Free University of Berlin, he studied filmmaking at DFFB (Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie in Berlin) between 1978 and 1983.

In 1980, Dreher founded the post-punk – post-rock band Die Haut (the first line-up consisted of, in addition to Dreher, Martin Peter, Thomas Wydler and Remo Park). The name of the band was inspired by the book of the same title by German–Italian author Curzio Malaparte. With Dreher as the only permanent member, the band had changing line-ups (one of the longest lasting having consisted of Dreher, Thomas Wydler, Rainer Lingk and Jochen Arbeit) until its breakup in 2000. Originally an instrumental group with the classical instrumentation of guitars, bass and drums, for their numerous records as well as for live gigs Die Haut frequently collaborated with likeminded international singers such as Lydia Lunch, Nick Cave, Jeffrey Lee Pierce or Debbie Harry.

As filmmaker–director, Dreher has been creating audiovisual works since 1979. While still a student, he made several music videos, either for Die Haut ("Der Karibische Western") or for Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds ("Tupelo", "The Singer" and "Mercy Seat"). With Heiner Mühlenbrock, he made the feature-length film OK OK – Der Moderne Tanz.

In numerous documentary films and series, Dreher dealt with issues from the area of popular culture. For example, in the 18-part series Lost in Music, in cooperation with, amongst others, Rolf S. Wolkenstein, Ellen El Malki and Rotraut Pape, Dreher covered contemporary musical genres and their associated cultures and (life-) styles. The innovative style of his films received recognition with the Adolf Grimme Award (in 1994, for Lost in Music) and other awards.

From 2000, Dreher taught audiovisual media at Merz Akademie for Design, Art and Media in Stuttgart.

Selected works

Publications
 2010 (Editor) Auteur Series: The Re-invention of Television. Stuttgart: Merz & Solitude.
www.merz-akademie.de/remediate, mfg.merz-akademie.de/remediate
 2013 (Co-Author, with Christine Lang) Breaking Down Breaking Bad – Dramaturgie und Ästhetik einer Fernsehserie  Reihe Merz Akademie im Fink Verlag.
www.merz-akademie.de/projects/breaking-down-breaking-bad
 2014 (Editor) Auteur Series II:  Quality TV in the USA and Europe. Reihe Merz Akademie im Fink Verlag

Film and Video
 1980 Ok Ok – Der Moderne Tanz (Co-Writer/Co-Director, with Heiner Mühlenbrock, 90 min.)
 1981	Commercial – 40 One-Minute-Adventures in the World of TV (Writer/Director, with Gusztav Hamos, 41min.)
 1985 Die Legionäre (Co-Writer/Co-Director, with Ellen El Malki, ZDF, 30 min.)
 1992 Die Haut live: Sweat  (Co-Writer, Co-Director, with Rotraut Pape and Rolf S. Wolkenstein, 60 min.)
 1993–98 Lost in Music (Writer/Director, ZDF/3sat/Arte, 18 episodes between 42 and 60 min.)
 1993 Tekkno Trance (Co-Writer, co-Director, 42 min., added 10 min. in 1995)
 1994	Metal Mania   (Co-Writer / Co-Director, with Rolf S. Wolkenstein, 42 min.)
 1995 Reggae Revolution (Writer/Director, 60 min.)
 1995 Hoch über Hamburg (Writer/Director, 52 min.)
 1995 Hip Hop Hooray (Writer/Director, 42 min.)
 1996 Deep into Dub (Writer/Director, 60 min.)
 1996 Electronic Jam (Writer/Director, 60 min.)
 1996	Chicago Connections (Writer/Director, 60 min.)
 1995–98 Freestyle Series (Studio production, co-Concept, co-Director, co-Producer, VIVA TV, 105 episodes of 60 min.)
 1995 Streetfashion (Writer/Director, ARTE, 190 min.)
 1997 Pop Odyssee – The Beach Boys and Satan (Writer/Director 3sat/ZDF, 60 min)
 1997 Digital Spirit (Writer/Director, ARTE, 190 min.)
 1998 Pop Odyssee –  House of the Rising Punk (Writer–director, 3sat/ZDF, 60 min.)
 2000 Silver Rockets/Kool Things – 20 Years of Sonic Youth (Writer/Director, ARTE, 60 min.)
 2000	Fantastic Voyages (Writer/Director, 3sat/ZDF, 7 episodes of 60 min.)
 "Introducing: The Cosmology of the Music Video"
 "Nightmares"
 "Body Rock"
 "Short Stories"
 "Liberated Images"
 "Wonderful Worlds"
 "Space is the place"
 2001 Beck – Permanent Mutations (Writer/Director, 60 min.)
 2002 Superhuman (Writer/Director, 58 min.)
 2003 Dance the Voodoo – The Cosmos of Koffi Kôkô (Writer/Director (with Rotraut Pape), 45 min.)
 2004 Voodoo Transformations (Co-Writer/Co-Director, with Rotraut Pape), ZDF/Theaterkanal, 27 min.)
 2005 Youthquake '65 – The London Pop Explosion (Writer/Director, 60 min.)
 2007 Psychedelic Revolution '67 (Writer/Director, 77 min.)
 2009 No Wave – Underground '80 Berlin-New York (Writer/Director (with Ellen El Malki), 52 min.)
 2012 It's more than TV – The new US-series and their makers (Writer/Director, 58 min.)

Music clips and performances
 1982 Die Haut: Der Karibische Western (Writer/Director)
 1983 Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds: Tupelo (Writer/Director)
 1984 Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds: The Singer (Writer/Director)
 1985 Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds: Mercy Seat (Writer/Director)
 1994	Gentleman: When The Sunshine Go Down (Writer/Director)
 1995	Advanced Chemistry: Fremd Im Eigenen Land (Co-Writer/Co-Director)
 1996 Blumfeld: Verstärker (Writer/Director)
 1996 Jever Mountain Boys: Alone and Forsaken (Writer/Director)

Multimedia and radio projects
 1980–1995 Participation in numerous artistic interactive TV- and radio projects by UNIVERSCITY TV and VAN GOGH TV (Ars Electronica (Linz), Documenta (Kassel), European Media Art Festival (Osnabrück), etc., aired by 3Sat, local TV and radio stations, pirate radio, etc.

Recordings
 1982 Burnin' the Ice (with Nick Cave)
 1987 Headless Body in Topless Bar (with among others Nick Cave, Anita Lane and Kid Congo Powers)
 1990 Die Hard (with Arto Lindsay)
 1992 Head On (with among others Debbie Harry, Jeffrey Lee Pierce, Alan Vega, Lydia Lunch)
 1993–94 Sweat (Live album, with among others Nick Cave, Alexander Hacke, Blixa Bargeld)
 1998 Spring
 1999 Springer (Spring remixes by among others Atom Heart, Oval, Jim O´Rourke, Scanner, Mad Professor)
 2004	Re-Issue of Burnin' the Ice (with Nick Cave) (remastered)

References

External links
 Christoph Dreher portfolio

 Christoph Dreher at Merz Academy
 Die Haut Discography
 Berlin Portraits: Christoph Dreher at Robert Carrithers.com
 Dreher, Christoph at Institute of Documentary Film
 1982 Christoph Dreher with Die Haut live at Berlin Atonal, SO36 . Photo by Peter Lind

1952 births
Living people
German male musicians
German documentary film directors
Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds members
Free University of Berlin alumni
Film people from Nuremberg
German television writers
Male television writers
German male screenwriters
Die Haut members


This page gathers the results of elections in Tuscany.

Regional elections

Latest regional election

In the latest regional election, which took place on 20–21 September 2020, Eugenio Giani of the Democratic Party (PD) was elected president, by beating Susanna Ceccardi of Lega Nord 48.6% to 40.5%. The PD was by far the largest party with 34% of the vote.

List of previous regional elections
1970 Tuscan regional election
1975 Tuscan regional election
1980 Tuscan regional election
1985 Tuscan regional election
1990 Tuscan regional election
1995 Tuscan regional election
2000 Tuscan regional election
2005 Tuscan regional election
2010 Tuscan regional election
2015 Tuscan regional election

Politics of Tuscany


Sarasangi (pronounced sarasāngi) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 27th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Sowrasena in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
In Western music it is known as the Harmonic major scale.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 3rd rāgam in the 5th chakra Bana. The mnemonic name is Bana-Go. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gu ma pa dha ni. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:

This rāgam uses the swaras chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kakali nishadham.

By definition, Sarasangi, a melakarta rāgam, is a sampurna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Latangi, which is the 63rd melakarta scale.

Janya rāgams
Sarasangi has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Kamala manohari and Nalinakanti are popular. See List of janya rāgams for all rāgams associated with Sarasangi.

Compositions
Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Sarasangi.

Jaya jaya padmanabha by Swati Tirunal
Sourasenesham vallisham by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Nikela dayaradu by Ramaswami Sivan
Paripaliso guru vadiraja by R. K. Padmanabha
Vandeham govinda by M Balamuralikrishna
 "Tirupati malaiyurai Venkata vaa" by M. M. Dandapani Desigar

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Sarasangi's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other major Melakarta rāgams, namely, Dharmavati and Chakravakam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Dharmavati.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Dodge City USD 443, also known as Dodge City Public Schools, is a public unified school district headquartered in Dodge City, Kansas, United States.  The district includes the communities of Dodge City, Fort Dodge, Wright, and nearby rural areas.

Schools
The school district operates the following schools:

High school
 Dodge City High School (9-12)

Middle schools
 Comanche Middle School (6-8)
 Dodge City Middle School (6-8)

Elementary schools
 Bright Beginnings Early Childhood Center (Grades Pre-K)
 Beeson Elementary School (K-5)
 Central Elementary School (K-5)
 Linn Elementary School (K-5)
 Miller Elementary School (K-5)
 Northwest Elementary School (K-5)
 Ross Elementary School (K-5)
 Soule Elementary School (K-5)
 Sunnyside Elementary School (K-5)
 RISE Wilroads Gardens

Alternative schools
 Alternative Education School

See also
 Kansas State Department of Education
 Kansas State High School Activities Association
 List of high schools in Kansas
 List of unified school districts in Kansas

References

External links

School districts in Kansas
Dodge City, Kansas
Education in Ford County, Kansas


Iosif Iosifovich Rudakovsky (, January 1914, Voronezh – December 1947, Chernivtsi) was a Ukrainian chess master.

He took 8th at Moscow 1936, won at Rostov-on-Don 1939, shared 3rd at Kiev 1940 (the 12th Ukrainian Chess Championship, Isaac Boleslavsky won), tied for 4-7th at Kiev 1940 (USSR-ch semifinal), took 20th at Moscow 1940 (the 12th USSR Chess Championship, Andor Lilienthal and Igor Bondarevsky won), and played in interrupted USSR-ch semifinals in Rostov-on-Don in June 1941 (the German-Soviet War, 22 June 1941 – 9 May 1945). After the war, he
tied for 7-9th at Moscow (the 14th USSR-ch, Mikhail Botvinnik won), and shared 1st with Alexander Kotov and Alexander Konstantinopolsky at Baku 1945 (USSR-ch sf).

He was a reservist in the Soviet team during the USSR vs. USA radio match in 1–4 September 1945.

References

1914 births
1947 deaths
Ukrainian chess players
Soviet chess players


Daniel Carroll (1730–1796) was an American politician and plantation owner from Maryland.

Daniel Carroll may also refer to:
 Daniel Carroll (rugby union) (1892–1956), Australian-American rugby union footballer
 Daniel H. Carroll (1878–1966), American politician
 Daniel J. Carroll (1874–1927), New York politician
 Daniel Lynn Carroll (1797–1851), President of Hampden–Sydney College
 Daniel Patrick Carroll, better known as Danny La Rue (1927–2009), British entertainer
 Danny Carroll (Iowa politician) (born 1953), member of the Iowa House of Representatives
 Danny Carroll (Kentucky politician) (born 1963), member of the Kentucky Senate
 Dan Carroll (born 1949), American speed skater

See also
 Daniel O'Carroll (died 1750), British Army officer


Brzeska Wola  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Brzeska Wola


Brzeźce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Budy Brankowskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Budy Brankowskie


Dąbrówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Jasionna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Jasionna
Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)
Radom Governorate
Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Kamień () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Emad Khudhayir Shahuth al-Janabi () (born c. 1965) was an Iraqi blacksmith detained in Abu Ghraib prison where he alleges he was abused by American military personnel and defense contractors.

Imprisonment

Al-Janabi claimed that in the September following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, his home was raided at 2:00 a.m. by "persons dressed in American military uniforms and civilian clothing" who beat him and his family. Al-Janabi was told he would face execution with his brother and nephew and was then interned in the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad.  His arrest initially unexplained, Al-Janabi said an interrogating soldier eventually "told me I was a terrorist ... preparing for an attack against the U.S. forces" and he gave forced confessions.

Al-Janabi later described that while detained he was punched, kicked, stripped, chained, hung upside down from a bedframe, kept naked and handcuffed in his cell, and repeatedly deprived of food and sleep. He also claimed to have been threatened with rape, violent death, and execution and witnessed a mock execution of his brother and nephew. He said that after being discovered by the International Committee of the Red Cross during a surprise inspection in October, he was thereafter hidden with
contractor help from future inspections as a "ghost detainee".

After over 10 months, Al-Janabi was released without charge in July 2004, at which time photographs and reports of abuses and torture in the prison had become public.

Lawsuit

While in Istanbul, Turkey in May 2008, Al-Janabi filed suit against U.S. military contractors CACI and L-3 Communications, accusing them of "torture, war crimes and civil conspiracy".  CACI had provided interrogators to Abu Ghraib and all interpreters were employees of Titan Corporation.  L-3 was named as a defendant since it had acquired Titan in 2005, in an effort to boost its intelligence portfolio.

Al-Janabi was seeking unspecified monetary damages.  The complaints allege that the contractors participated in abuse, destroyed evidence, blocked reports to the Red Cross, hid prisoners, and misled government and military officials.

Al-Janabi was represented by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) which took the case to establish that "Private military contractors can’t act with impunity outside the law" and have "violated the Geneva Conventions, the Army Field Manual, and the laws of the United States". The conservative Capital Research Center called CCR "the terrorists' legal team" because it had been pushing "to give due process rights to America's terrorist enemies."

Steven Stefanowicz of CACI was specifically named in the case as directing prisoner torture.  A statement from a CACI spokesperson denied Al-Janabi's claims, asserting that no CACI employee had been charged with misconduct as an interrogator in Iraq.  The case was filed in Los Angeles, USA where Stefanowicz lived, in the federal district court, as "Emad Khudhayir Shahuth Al-Janabi v. Steven A. Stefanowicz, et al" (CV 08-02913).  After CCR filed four similar cases the next month, CACI responded that these lawsuits were "vexatious" and the CCR's was "politically driven", with "an ongoing 'big lie' propaganda campaign to keep their lawsuits in the public eye and their personal political agendas in the public light."

Similar class-action lawsuits had been filed against the companies in 2004, with the suit against Titan being dismissed.  There remains some debate over which legal system, if any, had jurisdiction over American contractors acting overseas.

See also
 Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
 Steven Stefanowicz

References

1960s births
Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
Blacksmiths
Iraqi prisoners and detainees
People of the Iraq War
Living people


Kolonia Brzeźce  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Leopoldów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Mikówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Okrąglik may refer to the following places:
Okrąglik, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Okrąglik, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
Okrąglik, Lubliniec County in Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)


Okrąglik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Pohulanka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Pohulanka


Stawiszyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Stawiszyn


Sucha  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Suski Młynek () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Szczyty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Szczyty


Wojciechówka () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białobrzegi, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Adamów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Biejków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, in Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It is approximately  northeast of Promna,  northeast of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Biejkowska Wola  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Promna,  northeast of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw, the capital of Poland, Europe.

References

Biejkowska Wola


Bronisławów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Broniszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Promna,  north of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Broniszew


Daltrozów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Promna,  north of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Domaniewice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Falęcice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Falęcice-Parcela  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Promna,  north-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Falęcice-Wola  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Gajówka Jastrzębia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Ilino  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płońsk, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Płońsk and  north-west of Warsaw.

References

Ilino


Góry  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Promna,  north-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Helenów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Jadwigów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Karolin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Promna,  north of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Lekarcice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Promna,  north of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Lekarcice


Lekarcice Nowe  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Lekarcice Nowe


Tilhas Teezee Gesheften (commonly known by its acronym TTG)  was the name of a group of Jewish Brigade members formed immediately following World War II. Under the guise of British military activity, this group engaged in the assassination of Nazis and SS conspirators, facilitated the illegal emigration of Holocaust survivors to Mandatory Palestine, and smuggled weaponry for the Haganah.

Etymology
The three words that make up the phrase are  and , combined to form a modern Hebrew slang expression, meaning "You-lick-my-ass business." It has been more colloquially translated as "up your ass/götveren", whereas götveren is a vulgar Turkish slang term for "queer/fag/faggot".

History

Background

Following the collapse of Nazi Germany and before the establishment of the State of Israel, the majority of Jews in Europe were living without clarification of their legal and national statuses. The majority of them were classified as displaced persons, though where they were displaced from and where they ought to be relocated to were points of contention. The official position of the Haganah, as defined by David Ben-Gurion and the Jewish Agency, was that European Jewry had been treated so differently that its members needed to continue to be differently treated. Therefore, in opposition to the policies of quota immigration imposed by the British White Paper, they sought to permit and facilitate unlimited Jewish immigration of Holocaust survivors to Mandate Palestine.

Origins

The TTG Brigade was created by Israel Carmi, who was an officer of the Jewish Brigade while concurrently acting as a senior representative of the then-underground Haganah. Carmi was initially engaged in revenge operations against those believed to have been responsible, at least in part, for the Shoah. Along with certain of his fellow soldiers in the Jewish Brigade, he was responsible for executing hundreds of Germans, Austrians, and Italians. Most of these were identified by Carmi and his men as having been active members of the SS or otherwise as having assisted in the deportation or extermination of Jews within the Nazi sphere of influence.

The TTG Brigade came into existence when Carmi falsely identified himself at a checkpoint to confuse a sentry and allow him and his companions to have unhindered passage. It led to the creation of fictional paperwork, seals, passes, orders, requisition forms, and even unit uniforms and insignia.

Evolution
As Carmi's goals shifted from revenge to rescue, so too did the TTG Brigade become more and more an instrument for the liberation of displaced persons and their eventual passage to Palestine.  The function of the TTG was first and foremost to provide the illusion of official status before occupying Allied forces. This allowed the members of the Brigade to engage in rescue activities without undue interruption or objection from the occupying powers. Purporting to act as if they were under orders as part of the TTG Brigade allowed its members to pass through roadblocks, military checkpoints, and international borders, often with large numbers of displaced Jews in their care.

The second function of the group, which developed over time, was to extract from the Allied forces the greatest quantity of material and personnel assistance for the rescue efforts of the Brigade's members. This included the fictional group's requisition and use of civilian and military vehicles, gasoline, rations, medical supplies, and other such materiel. The Brigade was also involved, with the assistance of false TTG paperwork, in the acquisition of large quantities of small arms and other martial equipment for use by the Haganah in Palestine.

Dissolution
The first goal of the group, illegal emigration, became less important as military control of civilian movement became less strict. The group's Zionist goals, centering on illegal immigration to Palestine (), became obsolete with the acceptance of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine and the international recognition of Israel. As more and more allied forces withdrew from Europe, fewer resources were available for acquisition by the members of TTG. Likewise, as the Palestine war loomed, the military skills they had accumulated encouraged withdrawal of most of them to serve as officers in the newly formed Israel Defense Forces.

Most of the Jews who were rescued in this manner made aliyah to Israel, where they settled in the cities or else became kibbutzniks. Many of these actively supported the war effort during the 1948 Palestine war. The arms and materials stolen by the TTG contributed to the Israeli war effort and warmaking capacity. Most of the members of the TTG Brigade entered service in the Haganah and fought as part of the IDF during the war.

See also
 Displaced persons camp
 Jewish Legion
 Jewish Brigade
 Berihah
 Haganah
 Sh'erit ha-Pletah
 Nakam

References

Bibliography

 ASIN B000RJ8XW6

 ASIN B0000CJ1UD

Nazi hunters
Aliyah
Zionism in Europe
Aftermath of the Holocaust
History of the Jews in Europe
Jews and Judaism in Europe
Jewish anti-fascists
Mandatory Palestine in World War II
Jewish Brigade
Vigilantism


Lekarcice Stare  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Lekarcice Stare


Lisów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Promna,  north-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Mała Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Promna,  north-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Mała Wysoka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Olkowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Olkowice


Olszamy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Promna,  north of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Olszamy


Osuchów may refer to the following places:
Osuchów, Białobrzegi County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Osuchów, Zwoleń County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Osuchów, Żyrardów County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Osuchów, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)


Osuchów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Promna,  west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Pacew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Promna,  north-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Pacew


Pelinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Piekarty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Piekarty


Piotrów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Little Tom Mountain is a  nature preserve in Holyoke, Massachusetts and is managed by the Trustees of Reservations.  The land was purchased in 2002 by a joint effort of the Trustees of Reservations, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Department of Conservation and Recreation, and the Holyoke Boys & Girls Club from the holders of the former Mt. Tom Ski area.  The Trustees and the Holyoke Boys and Girls Club have a cooperative management approach of the area and run an environmental education program together.

Ancient history

Evidence of early occupants of the area can be found in the dinosaur fossil tracks in the sandstone bedrock at Dinosaur Footprints Reservation to the east of Little Tom. Eubrontes giganteus, Anchisauripus sp., and Grallator cuneatus, all bipedal theropods, lived in this area some 200 million years ago.  Although no fossil tracks are known to be visible on Little Tom, undoubtedly many are preserved deep within the sandstone layers on the property.

Little Tom overlooks glacial Lake Hitchcock, which was formed in the present Connecticut River basin as the retreating Laurentide ice sheet deposited sediments near Rocky Hill, Connecticut, damming the Connecticut River basin.  Glacial meltwater filled Lake Hitchcock for over 4,000 years until about 14,000 years ago. Recent discoveries have placed early Native Americans just to the south of the glacial ice sheet 18,000 years ago.  These peoples pushed north as the ice sheet retreated.  They were ancestors of the Pocumtuck tribe, which lived and thrived in the Connecticut River Valley until the arrival of the Europeans. There is no known evidence of use of Little Tom by the Pocumtucks.

History

In 2002, four entities joined together to acquire and protect the 396 acres on the eastern slope of Mt. Tom that had previously been home to the Mt. Tom ski area. This protection effort was led by the Department of Conservation and Recreation, and ultimately included the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Holyoke Boys & Girls Club, and The Trustees of Reservations. These 396 acres included the existing quarry site, which was slated to expand to 90 acres. The land transaction negotiations were lengthy and difficult, but were ultimately successful.

Each organization/agency purchased a portion of the property as follows:

Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) purchased 144.7 acres for $1.3 million, mostly along the northern side of the property abutting the existing Mount Tom State Reservation. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service acquired 140.8 acres for $1.1 million, covering most of the area previously managed for ski slopes.’ The Trustees purchased 73.5 acres of the hill called ‘Little Mountain’ or ‘Little Tom’, between the base lodge and I-91, for $300,000 and The Holyoke Boys & Girls Club purchased 21.7 acres at the base of the mountain, including the base lodges, wave pool, and other improvements, for $300,000 for use as a summer camp.

Also, the quarry operation was allowed to continue, but was contained within a nine-acre area. DCR received an option to purchase the quarry parcel, which totals 16 acres, on or after August 31, 2012 or after two million tons of stone were removed.

The four organizations have agreed to coordinate management of the 396 acres and will eventually develop a Memorandum of Understanding that outlines the management goals and responsibilities of the partnership. The Trustees and the Holyoke Boys and Girls Club run an environmental education program and manage the area together.

Landscape

The Mt. Tom ridge is part of the Metacomet Range. The bedrock underlying these ridges resembles a layered cake of alternating layers of basalt and sandstone. The ridge adjacent to Mt. Tom to the SSW is called East Mountain. The line of ridges crosses the Connecticut River at the north end of Mt. Tom, and continues with a bend to the NE towards the Holyoke Range. East Mountain and the Holyoke Range share many of the interesting and significant geologic and biological characteristics that are described in this document.

The bulk of the Mt. Tom ridge consists of an exposed layer of basalt. From the air, the ridge looks like a vast, flat tabletop, leaning mostly to the east and a little to the south. The slopes of the former Mount Tom Ski Area, which are mostly on United States Fish and Wildlife Service land, descend this tilted tabletop roughly from west to east. The west edge of the Mt. Tom ridge is a sharp escarpment of cliffs and talus slopes. This feature gives rise to the common name traprock, which is derived from the Swedish word for step.

The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail follows the top edge of this escarpment, and has views toward the west. Away from the edge of the escarpment, the topography near the top of the main ridge is a landscape of small outcrops and ledges alternating with hollows, which sometimes hide vernal pools.

To the east, between Mt. Tom and I-91, there is a much smaller and somewhat more rounded version of the main ridge. It is named Little Mountain on the USGS topographic map and is also commonly called Little Tom Mountain. The traprock layer at the top of Little Tom Mountain is younger than the traprock layer that makes up the main slope of Mt. Tom and the sandstone layer in between these two layers subsides below the surface of Little Tom Mountain.

The former Mount Tom Ski Area property is a long trapezoid/rectangle, which begins at the top of the ridge at the west escarpment, descends the slopes of the main ridge, climbs over Little Tom Mountain, and ends close to I-91 at its eastern boundary. Within the parcel, DCR land is a fairly narrow strip along the northern parcel boundary, adjacent to the Mt. Tom State Reservation to the north. USFWS land is in the SW quadrant of the parcel, and covers most of the former ski slopes. The Trustees’ Little Tom Reservation is the northern half of Little Tom Mountain, of which the southern half is Department of Conservation and Recreation land. The quarry, which will continue its operation for several years, is west of Little Tom Mountain, at its base, and directly north of the Boys & Girls Club land.

With the exception of the ski slopes and a couple of small fields, most of the landscape is forested. The forest on the main ridge is mostly deciduous, and on Little Tom Mountain it is mostly a mixed forest of hemlock, hardwoods, and some white pine. The ski slopes and some fields are in a non-woody old-field condition and the old field next to “the billboard” (a billboard overlooking I-91 at the northeast corner of Trustees land) is dominated by red cedar, shrubs, saplings, and swallowwort.

The deciduous forests are for the most part typical, dry, fairly acidic, oak-dominated forests. Often they are relatively open forests, with a low, patchy canopy and an ericaceous shrub layer. Scattered along the main slope and in places on the southern end of the Little Tom Mountain ridgetop there are pockets of richer, more neutral soil, often associated with seeps, where a relatively sparse shrub layer and a more diverse ground cover of sedges, herbs, and ferns, and some rare plants occur – these are pleasant places to walk.

There are a dozen and a half vernal pools throughout the property, a reservoir, several ponds, a stream which flows down the main slope and then north into Lake Bray, a number of intermittent streams, and numerous seeps. The large vernal pool at the top of Little Tom Mountain is a classic, perfect example of a confined-basin pool.

Wildlife

Birds

United States Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a breeding land bird survey in 2003. A total of 75 species of birds were sighted on the property during the 2003 survey. An initial scouting survey conducted in May 2003 revealed that a great diversity of migratory songbirds use Mt. Tom for stopover habitat. Species sighted during that time include Blackburnian warbler, black-throated blue warbler, blue-winged warbler, northern parula, and yellow-rumped warbler. None of these species were counted during the landbird breeding survey. Early migratory stopover studies will be conducted by USFWS in subsequent years to further assess the use of Mt. Tom by neo-tropical migrants for stopover habitat.

Amphibians and reptiles

The Mount Tom ridge is an extremely important habitat for amphibians and reptiles. Thirty-eight species of amphibians and reptiles have been recorded on the Mount Tom ridge, representing 76% of all herpetological species found in Massachusetts. Of these, the rarest species include marbled salamander, box turtle, wood turtle, copperhead, timber rattlesnake, and eastern rat snake.

A vernal pool survey was conducted on three days in April 2003. Ten amphibian species were found, including four obligate vernal pool species, and two state-listed species. The most significant vernal pool is on top of Little Tom Mountain, on the Little Tom Reservation. It is an isolated pool, far from any neighbors, and as expected, a large number of spotted salamander and wood frog egg masses were found there. This vernal pool is a very significant ecological resource.

In the course of doing botanical survey work in 2003, box turtles, painted turtles, and black racers were found. Given anecdotal evidence, available habitats, and historical records, it is likely that the entire area of the Partners’ properties is used by northern copperheads and timber rattlesnakes. There is also the possibility of a few den sites of copperheads on the properties.

Invasive species

The 2003 botanical survey included some effort to determine the status of invasive plant species in our properties. The following plant species list was compiled:

 Asiatic bittersweet
 Autumn olive
 Black locust
 Climbing nightshade
 Glossy buckthorn
 Japanese barberry
 Common barberry
 Japanese honeysuckle
 Morrow honeysuckle
 Japanese knotweed
 Multiflora rose
 Purple loosestrife
 Spotted knapweed
 Norway maple
 Northern catalpa

Recreation

The Woodland Trail to Little Tom Mountain is open to the public, with access through Mount Tom State Reservation.

References

External links
 The Trustees of Reservations: Little Tom Mountain
 Trustees of Reservations trail map
 Mount Tom State Reservation Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR)
 DCR trail map

The Trustees of Reservations
Open space reserves of Massachusetts
Protected areas of Hampden County, Massachusetts
Volcanic plugs of the United States
Landforms of Hampden County, Massachusetts
Mountains of Massachusetts
2002 establishments in Massachusetts
Protected areas established in 2002


Pnie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Promna,  north of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Pnie