Jayaprakash Sittampalam Tissainayagam  (known as J. S. Tissainayagam, Tamil: ஜெயப்பிரகாஷ் சிற்றம்பலம் திசைநாயகம்) is a Sri Lankan journalist. He was detained by the Terrorism Investigation Division of the Sri Lanka Police on 7 March 2008. He was held without charge for almost 6 months. He was indicted on politically motivated charges under the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act for intending to incite communal hatred through writing, and furthering terrorist acts through the collection of money for his publication. On 31 August 2009, he was convicted of the charges by the Colombo High Court and sentenced to 20 years of rigorous imprisonment.

After an international outcry where US President Barack Obama called him one of the "emblematic examples" of journalist being harassed around the world Tissainayagam was pardoned by Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa on 3 May 2010, World Press Freedom Day.

Career

J. S. Tissainayagam has been a journalist for over 20 years. He worked for The Sunday Leader and the Sunday Times as well as many other newspapers before founding the North Eastern Herald. He was also a columnist for the Sunday Times.

2008 arrest and trial

Tissainayagam was detained on 7 March 2008 by the Terrorism Investigation Division (TID) of the Sri Lanka Police. He was charged with intending to incite communal hatred through writing, and furthering terrorist acts through the collection of money for his magazine. Reporters Without Borders said that the magazine was actually funded by a German aid project. The magazine has since been closed down.

During his trial, Tissanayagam claimed that he was harassed and threatened by the TID while under detention. He has also filed a Fundamental rights petition with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. The TID produced a confession signed by Tissanayagam as evidence against him. Tissanayagam claimed it was dictated to him, and he was pressured to write it.

The only other pieces of evidence that the Government presented against Tissainayagam was two paragraphs he had written;

"1. In a July 2006 editorial, under the headline, "Providing security to Tamils now will define northeastern politics of the future," Tissainayagam wrote: "It is fairly obvious that the government is not going to offer them any protection. In fact it is the state security forces that are the main perpetrator of the killings."

2. A part of a November 2006 article on the military offensive in Vaharai, in the east, which said, "Such offensives against the civilians are accompanied by attempts to starve the population by refusing them food as well as medicines and fuel, with the hope of driving out the people of Vaharai and depopulating it. As this story is being written, Vaharai is being subject to intense shelling and aerial bombardment."

On 31 August 2009, the High Court of Sri Lanka sentenced Tissainayagam to a total of 20 years rigorous imprisonment, for arousing "communal feelings" by writing and publishing articles that criticised the government's treatment of Sri Lankan Tamil civilians affected by the war, and for raising money to fund the magazine in which the articles were published in furtherance of terrorism.

Reaction

In a statement to mark the World Press Freedom Day, US President Barack Obama said Tissainayagam and other journalists like him were "guilty of nothing more than a passion for truth and a tenacious belief that a free society depends on an informed citizenry." President Obama said : "In every corner of the globe, there are journalists in jail or being actively harassed … Emblematic examples of this distressing reality are figures like J.S. Tissainayagam in Sri Lanka, or Shi Tao and Hu Jia in China."

Amnesty International criticised the action taken upon J.S. Tissainayagam and expressed deep concerns for the journalist, naming him a prisoner of conscience. Bob Dietz, CPJ Asia Program Coordinator says "We condemn J.S. Tissainayagam's long detention and harsh charges for publishing a magazine, which should not constitute an offence. This is the latest step by the Sri Lankan government to intimidate journalists who write about security issues."

During his detention without charge, among the people who expressed concern and opposition to this, were Sri Lankan religious leaders such as Colombo's Anglican Bishop Reverend Duleep De Chickera and the Sinhala Buddhist monk Ven Samitha Thera.

The Sri Lankan government defended his trial and conviction, with President Mahinda Rajapaksa, saying the verdict was handed out by an independent judge and that the government can not interfere with the courts and that "attempts now being made to pooh-pooh the charges in the indictment filed against Tissanayagam, rather than seen as any part of a vibrant campaign for media freedom, can be seen as an attempt at interfering with the judiciary and judicial process of (Sri Lanka)".

However international Governments and press freedom groups both in and out of Sri Lanka condemned the ruling. The Asian Human Rights Commission likened the trial to the "show trials" of the Stalinist era.

Pardon

On 3 May 2010 the Sri Lankan government announced that Tissainayagam would be pardoned by President Rajapaksa to mark the 2010 World Press Freedom Day.

Awards

Tissainayagam has been named the first winner of the Peter Mackler Award for Courageous and Ethical Journalism. "We are happy to reward J.S. Tissainayagam in 2009, a terrible year for Sri Lanka," said Jean-Francois Julliard, secretary-general of the Paris-based press rights group Reporters Without Borders (RSF). "J.S. Tissainayagam is one of those and should never have been imprisoned," he said. "Sri Lankans have the right to be informed about what is happening on their island.They have the right to read words written by men like J. S. Tissainayagam."

Tissainayagam also won the Committee to Protect Journalists' International Press Freedom Award in 2009, but could not go to receive it due to his imprisonment.

In 2010, he was named Foreign Journalist of the Year at the British Press Awards. In 2011, he was honoured with an Oxfam Novib/PEN Award.

See also

Lasantha Wickrematunge
Black July
Sri Lankan Civil War

References

External links

Amnesty International
International Press Freedom Groups Call for Justice for Jailed Sri Lankan Journalist – RSF
PEN American Center appeal

Living people
Sri Lankan prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Tamil journalists
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Sri Lanka
Oxfam Novib/PEN Award winners
Recipients of Sri Lankan presidential pardons
Imprisoned journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Peter Mackler Award for Courageous and Ethical Journalism


Kilanavayal (Keelanavayal) is a small village of terrace farmers in Mannavanur panchayat at the far eastern end of  the Manjampatti Valley drainage basin in the Palani Hills. There is a  road between Mannavanur and Kilanavayal. There is a trekking route from
Mannavanur  via Keelanavayal (90 mins.) to ManjampattI (3 hours) and Thalinji (2 hours). It is in Kodaikanal block of Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu state, India. Altitude is  at: .

Employment
Out of 124 households reporting income, the means of livelihood are: casual labour 37, sub sistence cultivation 31, artisan 56, salary 3.

Health
Drinking water for 124 households is supplied from a source within an elevation of more than 50 meters, while water for 99 households is from less than 50 meters. There is a lack of sanitary latrine facilities. Out of a total of 124 homes: 67 use open defection, 54 use a group latrine with regular water supply, none use a clean group latrine with regular water supply and a regular sweeper and only 3 use a  private latrine.

Education
There is a Panchayat Union upper primary school here.
Out of 124 children 5–14 years old, 67 are working and not going to school, 56 are going to school and working and 1 is going to school and not working. Household literacy rate is 70%.

External links
 Kilanavayal photo

Notes

Villages in Dindigul district


Kerri Louise is an American stand-up comedian.  Louise was a finalist on the second season of Last Comic Standing and has appeared on television programs such as Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn and The View.  Louise has performed at many of the leading comedy clubs throughout the world, including Caroline's, The TakeOut Comedy Club Hong Kong and The Comic Strip Live.

Louise is married to Tom Cotter, who is also a notable stand-up comedian. The two have three children, all of whom are boys. They have worked together on different projects including Two Funny, a 2006 reality show on WE tv.

References

External links

Kerri Louise's website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American stand-up comedians


Perry Mason is a radio crime serial based on the novels of Erle Stanley Gardner. Broadcast weekdays on CBS Radio from 1943 to 1955, the series was adapted into The Edge of Night which ran on television for an additional 30 years.

Production
The 15-minute continuing series Perry Mason aired weekdays October 18, 1943 – December 30, 1955, on CBS Radio. Geared more towards action than courtroom drama, it mixed mystery and soap opera, with attorney Perry Mason sometimes even exchanging gunfire with criminals.

Erle Stanley Gardner's literary success with the Perry Mason novels convinced Warner Bros. to try its hand, unsuccessfully, with some motion pictures. However, the Perry Mason radio show stayed on the air for 12 years.

As The Edge of Night, it ran for another 30 years on television, but Gardner disliked the proposed daytime television version due to a lack of his own creative control. He ultimately withheld his endorsement of the daytime TV show, forcing the name change.

Cast
The actors portraying Mason switched frequently over the first three years of the show's run, starting with Bartlett Robinson, then followed by Santos Ortega and Donald Briggs. John Larkin took over the starring role March 31, 1947, and portrayed Perry Mason until the end of the series.

Larkin played the equivalent character on The Edge of Night, Mike Karr.

The guest cast included Mercedes McCambridge. Principal cast members are listed in order of portrayal.

 Perry Mason
 Bartlett Robinson
 Santos Ortega
 Donald Briggs
 John Larkin (1947–1955)
 Paul Drake
 Matt Crowley
 Charles Webster
 Della Street
 Gertrude Warner
 Jan Miner
 Joan Alexander
 Lieutenant Tragg
 Mandel Kramer
 Frank Dane

Transition to television

Radio's Perry Mason has more in common, in all but name, with the daytime serial The Edge of Night than the subsequent prime-time Perry Mason television show. As many radio serials moved to television, so was to be the destiny of Perry Mason. However, Gardner disagreed with the direction of the new show and pulled his support. CBS insisted that Mason be given a love interest to placate daytime soap opera audiences, but Gardner flatly refused to take Mason in that direction. The sponsor, Procter & Gamble hired the writers and staff of the Perry Mason radio series, the show was retooled, and it became The Edge of Night. The characters and setting were renamed.

CBS would eventually acquiesce to Gardner's vision and greenlight an official Perry Mason TV adaptation in 1957. Since this version would air in prime time, it was not bound to the conventions of daytime soaps and would more closely resemble a conventional courtroom drama. Two actors who played Perry Mason on radio, Bartlett Robinson and John Larkin, appeared in episodes of the CBS-TV series, Perry Mason, starring Raymond Burr as the title character.

Both The Edge of Night and Perry Mason would go on to success in television: the prime time Perry Mason ran for nine seasons (and would be revived in a series of television films in the 1980s that would run until Burr's death). The Edge of Night would run for 28 years on daytime television.

Broadcast history

See also
 Perry Mason (TV series), an American legal drama broadcast on CBS Television 1957–1966

References

External links
 Perry Mason at the Internet Archive
 Streaming episodes of Perry Mason from Old Time Radio Researchers Group Library

American radio soap operas
1940s American radio programs
1950s American radio programs
CBS Radio programs
Radio programs adapted into television shows
Perry Mason


Gangssibong () is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Its sits on the boundary between the city of Pocheon and the county of Gapyeong. Gangssibong has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province

zh:姜氏峰


The Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad (known as the Met or Polly "L") was the third elevated rapid transit line to be built in Chicago, Illinois. It was the first of Chicago’s elevated lines to be electrically powered. The main line ran from downtown Chicago to Marshfield Avenue, with branches to Logan Square, Humboldt Park, Garfield Park, and Douglas Park (eventually extended to the suburb of Berwyn, Illinois). Portions of the system are still operated as sections of the Blue Line and the Pink Line.

Operation
At 6:00 am on May 7, 1895, the first train of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated left the Robey Street station bound for the downtown terminal at Canal.

Consolidation
In 1913, Chicago's four elevated railroad companies came together to form the Chicago Elevated Railways Collateral Trust establishing crosstown services for the first time. In 1924 all four companies were formally united to form the Chicago Rapid Transit Company. The Chicago Transit Authority took over the assets of the CRT in 1947. In 1951, the Logan Square branch was rerouted into the Milwaukee-Dearborn Subway, and the Humboldt Park Branch was cut back to a shuttle to Damen Avenue. The Humboldt Park branch would be discontinued a year later.

In 1952, the Douglas branch was shortened to its current terminal at 54th/Cermak and the Humboldt Park branch was closed. The construction of the Eisenhower Expressway (I-290) required the demolition of the Garfield Park branch and the Main Line but also called for a replacement rapid transit line in the median of the expressway. In 1958, the Garfield Park Branch was replaced by the new Congress Line.

Much of the Metropolitan still operates today, with the Blue Line using a portion of the Logan Square branch on its way to O'Hare International Airport, as well as the Congress Line that replaced the Garfield Park Branch. The Douglas Park Branch, operated as a branch of the Blue Line from 1958 to 2008, is now operated as the Pink Line.

References

External links
 Metropolitan West Side Elevated Company System Map

Railway lines in Chicago
History of Chicago
Rapid transit in Illinois
Defunct Illinois railroads


Garisan is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Its sits on the boundary between the city of Pocheon and the county of Gapyeong. Garisan has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of Gyeonggi Province
Pocheon
Mountains of South Korea


USS W. F. Bartlett was a schooner acquired by the United States Navy in 1861.

W. L. Bartlett was a wooden-hulled Chesapeake Bay schooner acquired by the U.S. Navy on 13 August 1861 at Baltimore, Maryland. The Navy planned to use W. L. Bartlett and 21 other similar craft as blockships at entrances to inlets leading to the North Carolina sounds. The project — the U.S. Navy's first "stone fleet" venture -— ultimately failed.

No record of W. L. Bartletts ultimate fate has been found.

References

Schooners of the United States Navy
Ships of the Stone Fleet


Jantarkhani is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1381 living in 266 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Jyamire, Okhaldhunga is a market in Siddhicharan Municipality in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. This village center was merged to the Municipality in May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2344 residing in 422 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Kalikadevi is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1811 living in 326 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


The .500 Nitro Express is a rifle cartridge designed for hunting large and dangerous game animals in Africa and India. This cartridge was primarily designed for use in double rifles though various single shots were produced on the Farquarson action and at least one major company (Heym) produced it in bolt-action configuration.  It was commonly available in two lengths: a  and a  version.

History and origins
The nomenclature .500 Nitro Express refers to one of three specific loading of the .500 Express case. The other loadings are now called (for the sake of clarity) the .500 Black Powder Express (BPE) and .500 Nitro for Black Powder (Nitro for BPE). The names given to these loadings are of more modern origin to help one differentiate between them. The original cartridge was simply known as the .500 Express. The cartridge is one of the original Express cartridges which originated in the black powder era and made the transition into the smokeless powder era.

The .500 Black Powder Express, as the name indicates was designed for use with black powder. It is unknown as to who or which company originally designed the cartridge except that it was designed sometime in the 1860s in the United Kingdom. Several manufacturers of firearms produced rifles and loaded ammunition for the cartridge type, however significant differences and variations existed between manufacturers. For the most part, due to the relatively low working pressures of these rifles and ammunition there was little to no danger associated with the use of these cartridges in a particular rifle.

The .500 Nitro for Black Powder cartridge used the same general case type as the .500 Black Powder Express but was loaded with cordite instead of black powder and appeared on the scene sometime in the 1890s. The cartridge was intended for firearms designed to fire the .500 Black Powder Express and pressures were kept low enough so as to operate safely in these older black-powder firearms yet provided a substantial increase in performance over the black-powder–loaded cartridge.

Cordite, which was invented in 1889, gave cartridges a greater performance envelope than black powder at the expense of pressure. Rifles that were designed for use with cordite cartridges required stronger actions which were able to withstand the significantly higher pressures to take advantage of the increase in performance offered by cordite. As the working pressure of the .500 Nitro Express cartridge was significantly higher than the black-powder cartridge, variations between manufacturers of the same ammunition would result in damage to the firearms and injury to the shooter. For this reason there is an acknowledged standard between manufacturers for the .500 Nitro Express cartridge but not for the earlier black-powder cartridge.

Since cordite contained guncotton (nitrocellulose) and nitroglycerine, cartridges loaded with this formulation were often prefixed by “nitro” as a means of differentiation. The suffix “Express” denotes the comparatively higher velocity of the cartridge drawing from the analogy of the express trains from that period of time.

After World War II as many of colonies of the United Kingdom gained independence the popularity of the Nitro Express cartridges began to wane. Renewed interest in dangerous game hunting in Africa has in turn renewed the interest in the Nitro Express cartridges including the .500 Nitro Express.

Both the  version and the  version of the cartridge are loaded to the same performance level .

Design and specifications
The large capacity of the .500 Express case is due to the cartridge originally being designed to use black powder as a propellant. The  case has a case capacity of 138 grains of H2O (8.96 cm3) while the  case has a capacity of 158 grains of H2O (10.30 cm3).

Both the CIP and SAAMI regulate the  version of the cartridge, but not the  version.

The CIP recommends 7 groove barrel with a twist rate of 1:15.  The barrel is to have a groove Ø of  and a bore Ø of  with a groove width of . Maximum average peak pressure for the cartridge is  for the  version of the cartridge. While the CIP does not regulate the  version of this cartridge this cartridge is loaded to a lower pressure of . Except for case length and overall length, the  version has similar dimensions as the  cartridge.

Performance
The .500 Nitro Express provided a leap in stopping power and performance over its black powder rivals. The .500 Nitro Express was loaded with jacketed bullets giving it far better results against dangerous game than the .500 BPE or Nitro BPE. Furthermore, the bullets had better sectional density which taken together with the fact that the bullet was jacketed, provided far greater penetration on dangerous game such as Cape buffalo and African elephant.

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|+ A Comparison of .500 Express Cartridge Loadings
|-
| style="background: #eeeeee" width="180pt" | Cartridge
| style="background: #eeeeee" width="130pt" | Bullet
| style="background: #eeeeee" width="140pt" | Muzzle Velocity
| style="background: #eeeeee" width="140pt" | Muzzle Energy
| style="background: #eeeeee" | Comments
|-
| style="background: #eeeeee" |.500 Black Powder Express ||  ||  ||  || Original black-powder load.  Similar to the .50-140 Sharps/Winchester
|-
| style="background: #eeeeee" | .500 Nitro for Black Powder ||  ||  ||  || Kynoch nitro load for BP rifles.
|-
| style="background: #eeeeee" | .500 Nitro Express ||  FMJ/SP ||  ||  || Kynoch NE load
|-
|colspan="5" align="center" | Values from various sources reflecting factory loading for each cartridge type.
|}

When compared to the then more popular .450 Nitro Express, the .500 Nitro Express fires a heavier bullet with about a 25% greater cross-sectional area and similar sectional density at an equal velocity. The typical .500 Nitro Express generates about 20% more energy than the .450 Nitro Express cartridge. The .500 Nitro Express is considered to be superior to the smaller caliber Nitro Express cartridges in killing power.

The .500 Nitro Express cartridge produces substantial recoil. Factory ammunition typically produce  of recoil energy at a recoil velocity of  using a  rifle which is similar to the recoil of the .458 Lott fired in an  rifle.

The trajectory of the .500 Nitro Express is similar to that of the .30-30 Winchester cartridge with a  Flat Nose bullet. The Hornady DGX and DGS ammunition which has the performance characteristics of typical .500 NE ammunition has an MPBR (maximum point blank range) of . For these reasons the .500 Nitro Express should be considered a short range cartridge.

Sporting usage
The .500 Nitro Express was designed as a hunting cartridge for use against large and heavy dangerous game such as Cape buffalo, rhinoceros and African elephant. The  bullet has excellent sectional density which is required for work against dangerous game out to  and provides adequate penetration for the hunting of thick-skinned, dangerous game. Some professional African hunters have complained that the taper of the  bullet toward the nose, increases the incidents of bullet "fish tailing" during penetration causing the bullet to not maintain a straight course. The  solid bullet is used mainly for elephant but is also used in some situations for Cape buffalo and rhinoceros when the extra penetration provided by these non-expanding bullets is desired. Mated with the  solid bullet, the .500 Nitro Express has become the quintessential elephant cartridge on the African savanna. The round nose soft point  bullet is used on most other game species.

Unlike some of the more modern cartridges such as the .460 Weatherby, the .500 Nitro Express is not considered too powerful for use against the big cats. The big cats do not require the more stoutly constructed bullet as they are neither heavy-bodied nor have thick skin, and are best served with a more lightly constructed bullet that is capable of expanding quickly such as the  A-Square Lion Load or the Woodleigh  Soft Nose.

In North America cartridges such as the .500 Nitro Express see little use as no North American game species requires the cartridges in the same class as the .500 Nitro Express. Nevertheless, there can be no doubt that the cartridge would be a very effective stopper against a charge by one of the large bears or bison should it be carried in the field.

Ammunition
During the heyday of hunting every major manufacturer of British dangerous game rifles produced ammunition for the .500 Nitro Express rifles. However, by the 1960s only Kynoch was left producing ammunition. Due to the lack of interest Kynoch ended production of the Nitro Express cartridges in 1970.

As African hunting safaris became more popular from the 1990s onward there has been a renewed interest in the cartridge. Whereas before mainstream American ammunition manufacturers hardly ever showed an interest in the British big bore ammunition, demand created by American hunters spurred on companies such as A-Square, Federal, and Hornady to offer ammunition for these cartridge types. Eley, which had purchased Kynoch, licensed the brand name to Kynamco in Suffolk in the United Kingdom. Kynamco now offers British sporting cartridges including the Nitro Express cartridge for sale using the Kynoch brand name. Norma of Sweden has also begun to offer this cartridge for sale.

See also
 .577 Nitro Express
 .600 Nitro Express
 12 mm caliber
 13 mm caliber
 List of cartridges by caliber
 List of rifle cartridges
 Nitro Express

References

Sources
 Barnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. Cartridges of the World. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. .  Specifically:
 ".500 Nitro Express (3")", pp. 231 & 236.
 ".458 Winchester", p. 64.

500 Nitro Express
British firearm cartridges


Kaptigaun is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1847.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Katunje is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 4027 living in 824 individual households.

One of the major weekly markets of Okhaldhunga, Kosh Haat lies in Katunje VDC. Presently Katunje lies in Sunkoshi Rural Municipality within Okhaldhunga.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Paul Ronald Johan Meijer (born 27 March 1985 in Utrecht) is a Dutch racing driver. He is a former Benelux Formula Renault champion.

Career
As many formula drivers, Paul started his career in karting at the age of 10. He participated in national and international competitions.

In 2001 Paul participated in a Challenge organized by Avaya Communications, with 7 candidates.
He won the Challenge and earned a season driving in the first Dutch Toyota Yaris Cup for free.

The ex Formula One racing driver Jan Lammers took Paul into the Formula Ford in 2002.
With Racing for Holland Paul learned the essentials about driving a formula racing car and participated in the Benelux Formula Ford Championship. During this education Paul also tested the DOME S101 sports car at Magny Cours.

In 2003, he won the Benelux Formula Renault 2.0 with AR Motorsport. He also debuted in the European Championship of this series. As Dutch Champion a test is offered him in the Formula Renault V6. Later that year he also tested with Fortec in a Formula 3 car at Silverstone.

The Italian team Vergani Racing invited Paul into the World Series light by Nissan. In November that year he tested at the circuits of Albecete and Jarama and on both occasions he drove the fastest laps of the day. The team invited Paul for the final race weekend, where he finished third.

In 2004 Meijer entered the strong competition of the Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0. With his team AR Motorsport he became 6th in the Championship and finished 3 times second, 3 times fourth and 2 times fifth.

At the side he participated also in the Benelux Formula Renault 2.0 Championship  and could only drive 7 out 12 races. He finished 6 times first and 1 time second.

In 2005 and 2006 Paul Meijer did not drive a racing car because sponsors could not be interested.

For 2007, AR Motorsport invited Paul to test their cars. After being absent on the tracks for almost 2,5 years Paul still is very fast and within ten minutes he has pole-position again in the training. Reason enough for teamchef Ronald Heiligers to interest Marius Ritskes (Antonov Transmissions) to invite Paul for the last three race weekends in the North European Championship of Formula Renault 2.0. (NEC)  He won 2 out of six races and finished second in the other 4 races.

Ritskes also arranged a test in the Lamborghini Gallardo  in Spain with the team of Hans Reiter. After 40 laps the teams calls him in with applause.

In 2008 Meijer has been asked to drive for several teams as a guest driver. The Dutch team MP Motorsport has been offered a wildcard in the Eurocup Formule Renault 2.0. They invited Paul to be there driver. Paul had no experience with the team but accepted the offer. Within a very competitive field of 48 young race drivers he won the race on Sunday, 4 May.

Superleague Formula

When Peter Zakowsky's driver of the Borussia Dortmund car suddenly did not show up during the Superleague Formula races in Zolder, Paul was asked to do the job through mediation of Tom Coronel. This was his chance to show what he was capable of in the top league of autosport (750 hp). He never drove a car with this kind of power so it was quite a challenge. The question was popped on Thursday, on Friday the seat was made and on Saturday he got 2 times 30 minutes to train in the car. After that he started qualifying, which includes 2 semi finals shoot-outs and a final. Paul amazed the team and the organization to get the pole-position, leaving ex Formula One drivers with nothing. At a rainy track he finished third.

As a rookie driver he made quite a debut in this field. Al Ain selected Paul and offered him a seat for the last three weekends in Estoril, Vallelunga and Jerez. In Estoril he won the second race. Unfortunately the season ended to soon, caused by crash during the first practise in Vallelunga, where Paul broke his hand.

Superleague Formula results
(key)

† - Team standings.

External links
 Website of Paul Meijer

1985 births
Living people
Dutch racing drivers
Dutch Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
Formula Renault Eurocup drivers
Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers
Sportspeople from Utrecht (city)
Superleague Formula drivers
MP Motorsport drivers
Alan Docking Racing drivers
Van Amersfoort Racing drivers
German Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
GT4 European Series drivers


The North Hills Historic District is a residential subdivision in north Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, that was added to the National Register of Historic Places in September 2008 as a historic district.  The subdivision was established in 1927 by the North Hills Corporation as a neighborhood of custom-built homes, catering to middle-class families.  The historic district includes 130 houses on about .  At the time of its listing on the National Register, it was described by the Tennessee Historical Commission as a good example of mid-20th century residential architecture.

Location

The North Hills Historic District is located about two miles northeast of downtown Knoxville.  Interstate 40 passes just south of the district, and Broadway (U.S. Route 441) passes just to the west.  Washington Pike divides the district from the Whittle Springs area to the north.  Contributing properties in the district are found along Abbey Road, Fountain Park Boulevard, Kenilworth Lane, Kennington Road, North Hills Boulevard, North Park Boulevard.

The "entrance" to North Hills is located at the intersection of Washington Pike and North Hills Boulevard.  On each side of the entrance, there are stone gateposts with marble plaques reading "North Hills."  North Hills Boulevard, North Park Boulevard, and Fountain Park Boulevard are true boulevards, with grassy medians dividing the right and left lanes.

History

With the advent of the automobile in the 1920s, many middle-class and affluent Knoxvillians began moving from the city's urban neighborhoods to automobile-oriented neighborhoods on the city's periphery.  It was during this period that developer George Fieldan and his brothers, Hugh and Carl, founded the North Hills Corporation with the intent of establishing such a neighborhood.  In 1927, the Fieldans purchased  encompassing what is now North Hills Boulevard, Fountain Park Boulevard, and Kenilworth Lane, and began laying off lots.  The first house, 1929 North Hills Boulevard, was erected that same year.

In 1928, the North Hills Corporation enacted several measures to ensure North Hills would remain an exclusive neighborhood.  These included restrictive covenants that limited the neighborhood to residential use, set a minimum house size of six rooms and minimum home construction cost of 5,000 (in 1928), specified allowable exterior and roofing materials, mandated design approval by the North Hills Corporation, and banned sales "outside of the Caucasian race." As an automobile-oriented neighborhood, North Hills was too far (almost two miles) from the nearest streetcar line to be attractive for people who depended on public transportation.

By 1933, seventy-five houses had been built in North Hills, and 175 lots remained available.  Along with the Fieldans themselves, early residents included doctors, attorneys, University of Tennessee professors, executives of local companies, and Southern Railway employees.  The establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1933 helped the neighborhood continue to develop during the Great Depression, as a number of new lots were sold to TVA employees.

The Fieldan brothers managed the North Hills Corporation into the 1950s, and the North Hills subdivision continued to expand during this period.  The neighborhood's mix of architectural styles is typical for the mid-20th century.  For the earliest houses in North Hills (i.e., late 1920s), the most common styles were Tudor Revival, Colonial Revival, and Spanish Colonial Revival.  During the 1930s, the most commons styles were English Cottage Revival and Minimal Traditional, with the latter remaining common throughout the 1940s.  Ranch-style houses were common among new houses built North Hills during the 1950s.

Notable properties

The North Hills Historic District contains 130 contributing houses and 28 contributing outbuildings (garages, sheds, etc.).  The district also includes several contributing sites, namely the boulevard medians, streetscapes, and North Hills Park.

2903 Fountain Park Boulevard, a one-story Craftsman-style house built in 1928.
2916 Fountain Park Boulevard, a two-story Colonial Revival-style houst built circa 1928.
1709 North Hills Boulevard, a one-story Minimal Traditional-style house built in 1935.
1714 North Hills Boulevard, a one-story Minimal Traditional-style house built in 1929.
1715 North Hills Boulevard, a one-story Minimal Traditional-style house built in 1929.  The exterior walls of this house are covered with East Tennessee marble.

1829 North Hills Boulevard, a two-story house with a Spanish Eclectic-like design, built in 1929.
1905 North Hills Boulevard, a two-story Colonial Revival-style house built in 1929.
1906 North Hills Boulevard, a two-story Spanish Eclectic-style house built in 1929.
1920 North Hills Boulevard, a two-story Colonial Revival-style house built in 1929.
1928 North Hills Boulevard, a one-story English Cottage Revival-style house built circa 1930.  The bottom half of this house's front gable is covered in uncoursed East Tennessee marble.
1929 North Hills Boulevard, a two-story Colonial Revival-style house.  Built in 1927, this is the oldest house in the North Hills Historic District.
2412 North Park Boulevard, a two-story English Cottage Revival-style house built in 1928.

References

External links

 North Hills Garden Club (neighborhood website)

Geography of Knoxville, Tennessee
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Neighborhoods in Knoxville, Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Knoxville, Tennessee


Butler County Regional Airport  (Hogan Field) is a publicly owned, public use airport at 2820 Airport Road East in Hamilton, Ohio. It is owned by the Butler County Board of Commissioners.

History
The airport was founded in July 1929 by a member of the Hogan family. The airport closed briefly in 1932 because the family could not afford to operate it during the Great Depression. Damage was done to the airport that year when a tornado moved through, damaging the only hangar the airport had. Soon after the airport was closed, the entire family built up the money to buy the land the airport was on and reopen it. They also opened a restaurant at the airport.

The Civil Pilot Training Act of 1939 helped the airport to expand. The Hogans also trained pilots in partnership with Miami University, and the War Department leased the airport for pilot training under the Civil Aviation Authority. Over 300 pilots were trained at the airport during World War 2, including for the Civil Air Patrol.

The Hogan family operated charter services at the airport during and after World War 2. Flights most often operated between nearby cities in Ohio such as Cincinnati and Dayton.

A group of employees from General Electric Aircraft Engines founded the Jet Flyers' Club at the airport in the early 1950s.

The airport saw a number of improvements throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The runway was paved and lengthened twice, new hangars were constructed, a lighting system was added, and new radio navigation equipment was installed.

It was purchased by Hamilton, Fairfield and Butler Counties in 1984. The runway was widened and lengthened in 1998.

Prior to 2000, it was known as Hamilton-Fairfield Airport.

After being fired in 2017, the former airport manager sued the airport and Butler County, alleging he was fired after questioning how airport terminal construction was paid for and warehouse space rented by the Butler County Sheriff’s Office at the airport, claiming both issues may have details in violation with FAA regulation. Most importantly, he claimed the airport was storing non-aviation equipment rent-free and that Butler County was applying "indirect expenses" like liability insurance to the airport budget.

A historical marker was built at the airport in 2018.

In 2021, the airport received a $2 million grant from the Federal Aviation Administration to continue runway rehabilitation efforts. The project was part of the airport's 10-year capital improvement plan, which itself cost nearly $4 million.

Activities
Flying lessons and aircraft rental are available at the airport.

The airport is home to a chapter of the Experimental Aircraft Association, which hosts regular events at the airport.

Facilities
The airport covers . Its asphalt runway, designated as runway 11/29, measures . For the 12-month period ending September 9, 2019, the airport had 61,687 aircraft operations, average 169 per day: 80% were general aviation and 20.4% were air taxi. 16 aircraft are based at the airport at the time: 101 single-engine and 10 multi-engine airplanes, 2 jets, 2 helicopters, and 1 glider.

The airport has a fixed-base operator that offers fuel – both avgas and jet fuel – and services such as general maintenance, catering, courtesy transportation, rental cars, conference rooms, a crew lounge, snooze rooms, showers, and more.

The airport is home to Butler Tech's Aviation Exploration pathway, which educates approximately fifty high school juniors and seniors each year in avionics and aviation maintenance.

Accidents and incidents
 On June 13, 2004, an Aviat Pitts S2B was substantially damaged while landing at the Butler County Regional Airport. The pilot reported that, after touchdown, the right landing gear brake stuck. The airplane veered to the left, departed the runway surface, and struck a taxiway sign with the right wing. The right landing gear assembly collapsed, and the airplane came to rest in a grass area. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's failure to maintain directional control after experiencing a brake system malfunction during landing.
 On April 29, 2007, a Cessna 210D was substantially damaged when it impacted terrain following an attempted go around. The pilot stated that she thought she flared the aircraft a little too soon upon landing and the wind ballooned the nose up. She then applied power and the aircraft came down. A witness, who was taxiing to the runway at the time, said that he saw the accident airplane about 30 feet above the ground, wobbling its wings severely left to right, with the airplane nose high. Then the left wing dipped down, the airplane turned approximately 180 degrees, the left wing impacted the ground, and the nose crashed into the ground. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's failure to maintain control of the aircraft.
 On April 14, 2010, a pilot was completing taxi tests in a Rand-Robinson KR2 when the aircraft became airborne. The pilot decided to take the plane flying and returned to the airport after 40 minutes. He stated that, during the landing, he was fast because he was attempting a wheel landing. He said that the airplane bounced and the airplane came back down hard. The airplane's retractable main landing gear collapsed and the airplane skidded to a stop on its belly. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's improper flare resulting in a hard landing and collapsed landing gear.
 On July 4, 2017, a Waco YMF experienced a gear collapse after landing at the Butler County Regional Airport. The pilot reported that he just completed a local flight and was landing on runway 11. After a routine touchdown and roll out, he applied the brakes to initiate a right turn onto a taxiway. The pilot added that the right brake "grabbed immediately", causing the airplane to turn clockwise to the left. The pilot also added that the tailwheel was down and in the locked position. The left wing struck the ground and the left landing gear collapsed; the airplane came to a stop on the runway. The reason for the loss of control that caused the collapse could not be determined because an examination of the airplane did not reveal any anomalies that would have precluded normal operation.
 On 15 May 2018, a small Grumman American AA-1B airplane crashed at the airport shortly after taking off. The aircraft experienced an engine problem after departure and attempted to circle back to the airport, but it landed 100 yards short. The reason for the loss of engine power could not be determined because postaccident examination revealed no evidence of mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.
 On April 6, 2019, a Van's RV-8 nosed over and veered off the runway into the grass at the Butler County Regional Airport.

References

External links
Butler County Regional Airport website
Clubs/Groups located at Butler County Regional Airport
EAA Chapter 974 (Experimental Aircraft Association)
Victory Aviation Flying Club

Airports in Ohio
Transportation buildings and structures in Butler County, Ohio
Buildings and structures in Hamilton, Ohio


Byron W. Bender (August 14, 1929 – January 4, 2020) was a professor of  linguistics at the University of Hawaii specializing in Micronesian languages, primarily Marshallese, and Oceanic languages more generally. He joined the Department of Linguistics in 1965, serving as its chair (1969–1995) and as editor of its journal Oceanic Linguistics (1991–2007). He also served the University as president of its faculty union (1983–1988) and as a member of the Board of Regents (2003–2020).

Born in Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania, Bender received a B.A. in English from Goshen College in Indiana in 1949, and an M.A. in linguistics from Indiana University in 1950. After spending 1953–1959 teaching in the Marshall Islands in what was then the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under U.S. administration, he returned to teach linguistics and anthropology at Goshen College in 1960–1962 before completing a Ph.D. in linguistics from Indiana University in 1963. His dissertation analyzed Marshallese place names. In 1962–1964, he served as English Program Supervisor for the Trust Territory, then taught English at the University of Hawaii before joining the Department of Linguistics.

Bender died on January 4, 2020, at the age of 90.

References

 George W. Grace (2001), "Byron" in Issues in Austronesian morphology: A Focusschrift for Byron W. Bender, ed. by Joel Bradshaw and Kenneth L. Rehg, pp. 3–10 (Canberra: Pacific Linguistics). .

External links
University of Hawaii Department of Linguistics

1929 births
2020 deaths
People from Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania
Linguists from the United States
Marshallese language


Ellen "Nelly" Dean is a female character in Emily Brontë's 1847 novel Wuthering Heights. She is the main narrator in the book, and she provides eyewitness accounts of many of the story's central events to Mr Lockwood.

Ellen Dean is called "Nelly" by most of the book's characters, though Lockwood refers to her as "Mrs Dean".

Story
A tenant named Lockwood visits the household of Wuthering Heights and is overcome with shock when he believes he has seen the ghost of Catherine Earnshaw at a window in one of the chambers of the Heights. Eager to know the story of Heathcliff, the master of Wuthering Heights, Lockwood returns to Thrushcross Grange, his temporary residence, and asks Nelly, the housekeeper, to tell him all she knows.

Nelly's mother was a servant at Wuthering Heights and helped to raise Hindley Earnshaw. Nelly was a servant to Hindley and his sister Catherine Earnshaw. Nelly is the same age as Hindley and about six years older than Cathy. After an orphan boy named Heathcliff is brought to live at Wuthering Heights Nelly witnesses the Earnshaw family's misfortunes, the affection that Mr Earnshaw has for Heathcliff (which leads to Hindley's bitter jealousy), and the childhood companionship between Heathcliff and Catherine, which eventually blossoms into a passionate love.

When Edgar Linton of Thrushcross Grange asks Catherine for her hand in marriage Catherine confides in Nelly, explaining that she is in love with Heathcliff. Nelly is the only witness to Catherine's famous "I am Heathcliff" speech. Nelly's own reaction to it is derisive and incredulous.

After Hindley's wife Frances dies of consumption (tuberculosis) Hindley rapidly loses his health and sanity, and Nelly nurses his infant son Hareton Earnshaw.

Catherine marries Edgar Linton and Heathcliff mysteriously disappears for three years. Nelly goes with the Lintons to Thrushcross Grange,where she witnesses Heathcliff's return and his quest for revenge on both Hindley and the Lintons. She is also present for Catherine's illness, delusions and final meeting with Heathcliff.

Catherine's death after childbirth causes Nelly to nurse Catherine's child, Catherine Linton (known as Cathy), whom she and Edgar try to keep safe from Heathcliff's machinations. Heathcliff succeeds is forcing  Cathy into marriage with his weak and sickly son Linton. Nelly hears from Zillah, the housekeeper at Wuthering Heights, about Cathy's misery there.

Heathcliff eventually asks Nelly to come back to Wuthering Heights. She finds him dead soon afterward, and makes plans to move back to Thrushcross Grange with Cathy and Hareton.

Character
Nelly is an example of the "unreliable narrator", as is Lockwood. She is too close to the events and he is not  involved in them. For example, she insists that she did not love Catherine Earnshaw, yet she cried bitterly after her death. Nelly repeatedly complains about the Earnshaws and the Lintons, but she never ceases to seek peace at both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.

In "The Villain in Wuthering Heights" (1958) James Hafley argues that Nelly seems to be the moral centre of the novel only because of the instability and violence of the world she describes. In his view, she is the true villain of the novel, as she drives the majority of the conflicts, and Lockwood's faith in her story is a sign of his innocence.

References

Fictional servants
Characters in Wuthering Heights


Ketuke is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2912.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Khiji Chandeshwari खिँजी/खिँचि, Chandeshowar mispronounce Chandeshwari or Original Name Khiji (jee/chee/ji) and Chandi-Showar became Chandeshwari खिजी चण्डेश्वरी  is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3001 living in 590 individual households.

Khiji or Khijee and Khichee (खिँजी-खिँचि) is same tone. Is Koich  (Sunuwar language),
1. Khichi/khijee (खिँजी-खिँचि) Name of Father Koich(Sunuwar) सुनुवार जाति
2. Khi = House, Administrative Regions, State and Ji (Chee/Jee) = Behind, Ancestry, Person (is mean Behind State of Ji (sunuwar)
The Village: Khijee Chandeswari Village Development Committee (VDC) is situated in Eastern Development Region of the country. The district is Okhaldhunga and the zone is Sagarmatha. The VDC covers around 35 square kilometers with around 4000 villagers. The village has one secondary school.

other name of Khiji
 Khijee
 Majh Gaun (Central)
 Chandeshwari, (Chandi culture)
Phalate and Kati separate from Khiji Chandeshwari at 1980 to 1989.

Ethnicities

Around 83% out of around 4000 villagers are from indigenous group of people. Their caste is called Sunuwar (Mukhiya) (Kirat)Dynasty. They have their own traditions, cultures, language and customs etc. The rest are NEWAR, Bhujel and Sherpa also indigenous, and Pariyar (Hindu caste), Bishokarma also (Hindu caste). Indigenous people are not Hindu caste.

Occupations

Around 95% of villagers are depended on agriculture. They have little piece of land where they cultivate crops in a traditional way. The agriculture products last for only 6–8 months and the rest of the year they just live with half stomach.

Education

Education is light of life. In Khiji Chandeswari Village Development Committee, there is no even a university. After the completion of lower secondary and high secondary education the students need to walk at least 90 minutes to reach the 10+2 which are situated in other Villages. There are very few students who have the luck to see the college and university. They can be count on fingers.
  श्री चन्डेश्वरी माध्यमिक विद्यालय, खिजी ओखलढुङ्गा Shree Chandeshwari Madhyamik Vidyalaya Koshpala, Khiji, Okhaldhunga, Nepal

Development

The district headquarters is approximately 35 kilometers from the village. Almost all local development administrations are situated in the headquarters of the district. Being an uneducated people, there is no one to support for the development of the village. There is no infrastructural development in the village except a health post and a lower secondary school. It takes around 18 hours to reach the close road transportation from the village. Many people even just day dream about motor-bus and aero-planes. They did not see the real motor buses and aero planes in their life. There is no electricity, so the villagers have to depend on wood fuel. There is no safe drinking water and irrigation for agriculture. There is no any scientific cultivation system. People just follow traditional agriculture system and depend on rainfall for cultivation. All the above-mentioned truths are the true story of Khijee Chandeswari Village.

Language

Sunuwar koich Lo sunuwar

Halli Game

Halli is Game of Sunuwar : हाल्ली खेल

Sakela Naach
Sunuwar culture

Trekking area

Khiji Tholedemaba trek and route of Everes Base camp

References

External links
khijee
khijee web
khijee video
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Khiji Phalate is a part of Khiji Chandeshwari it has village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2944 living in 459 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


George Matthew Keller (December 3, 1923 – October 17, 2008) was the chairman of Standard Oil Company of California ("SoCal") in the 1980s, where he oversaw its merger with Gulf Oil to form Chevron Corporation in 1984.

Life and career
Keller was born on December 3, 1923, in Kansas City, Missouri. After his mother died while Keller was a youngster, he was raised by an aunt who fostered an interest in science. He developed a strong fascination with chemistry after visiting the DuPont exhibit at the Century of Progress World's Fair in Chicago in 1933.

Keller enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and ultimately graduated from the school in 1948. He left the school as a sophomore and enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps, serving as a meteorologist in Labrador. He chose a position at Standard Oil Company of California in San Francisco after graduation.

At Standard Oil, Keller's specialty was designing refineries. He rose through the ranks and had assignments that included the first discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia, made in 1938, for which Keller received a replica of the sword of Mohammed as a gift.

Keller became chairman of Standard Oil in 1981, succeeding Harold J. Haynes as chairman and chief executive officer. As the company's head, Keller fostered an informal management style and a more aggressive approach to risk.

In 1984, Keller and SoCal were caught in a bidding war with T. Boone Pickens over Gulf Oil. Keller had originally been reluctant to join the wave of mergers spreading through the industry based on his analysis that the firm could acquire new oil reserves at lower cost through exploration and drilling, rather than by purchasing competitors. After a detailed analysis of Gulf Oil's financial records, Keller and his team came up with a price of $79 per share. Keller upped the bid to $80 per share at the last minute, providing the margin that won Gulf in an acquisition valued at $13.3 billion. Though the deal added significantly to the firm's debt load, it was able to double the combined firm's oil reserves, with most of the cost covered by the sale of assets that had been part of Gulf Oil.

In August 1988, Chevron named Kenneth T. Derr as chairman to succeed Keller, who would be reaching the mandatory retirement age of 65. Keller was to leave office as of January 1, 1989.

Later in life he became a prolific San Francisco Bay Area philanthropist.  Including serving on the board of trustees for the College of Notre Dame (now Notre Dame de Namur University) in Belmont, California. He died from complications of orthopedic surgery at Stanford University Hospital near his home in San Mateo in 2008.

Mr. Keller's son, Bill, (born January 18, 1949) is the former Executive Editor of The New York Times.

References

1923 births
2008 deaths
American chief executives
American chemical engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Chevron Corporation people
United States Army Air Forces soldiers


Kuibhir Chasku is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2121 living in 419 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Nikola Jolović (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Јоловић; born 4 May 1979) is a Serbian retired professional footballer who played as a defender.

Club career
Jolović spent three seasons with Zemun, before transferring to Russian club Torpedo Moscow in the summer of 2001. He stayed there until the summer of 2005, before moving to Saturn. Jolović also played for Azerbaijani club Inter Baku, before returning to his homeland in 2008. He finished his football career after playing with Čukarički and OFK Beograd in the Serbian SuperLiga.

International career
Jolović made six appearances and scored one goal for the Yugoslav national under-21 team during the qualification campaign for the 2002 UEFA Under-21 Championship.

Career statistics

External links

 Sportbox profile

Men's association football defenders
Expatriate men's footballers in Azerbaijan
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
FC Leon Saturn Ramenskoye players
FC Torpedo Moscow players
FK Čukarički players
FK Zemun players
OFK Beograd players
Russian Premier League players
Serbia and Montenegro men's under-21 international footballers
Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Azerbaijan
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian SuperLiga players
Footballers from Belgrade
1979 births
Living people


Mark J. Kadish is an American judge, professor, attorney, author, and legal commentator.  He received his law degree from New York University in 1967.

Career
Kadish jointly published Volume I of Criminal Law Advocacy, has written numerous articles for professional journals and has lectured nationally. He has been a professor of law at both Emory University and at Georgia State University.   Kadish was a faculty member of the Advanced National Trial Advocacy College]and was Co-Faculty Director of the Atlanta Bar Association College of Trial Advocacy as well as the Chair of the Criminal Defense Section of the Association of Trial Lawyers of America.

Kadish's public service includes a review of the Atlanta city court system after appointment by the Mayor of Atlanta.  He has taught at Mercer University. He has been a speaker at various judicial conferences.  He was a part-time pro hac judge in the Atlanta Municipal Court and is currently a part-time magistrate judge in the State Court of Fulton County. He teaches educational programs to magistrate judges, and is a commentator on various television and radio station programs.

My Lai massacre court martial case
Kadish served as counsel in the My Lai massacre court martial case which gained worldwide attention because hundreds of undefended Vietnamese civilians were not only killed, but also sexually abused, tortured, beaten, and mutilated. The March 16, 1968 My Lai massacre was a critical event that outraged many people around the world. Kadish's interview of a key witness led attorney F. Lee Bailey to a major turning point in the case. Witnesses appeared to be conflicted between supporting their country's war efforts and balancing humanitarian interests. Some refused to testify while others stated they would perjure themselves in an attempt to find their own justice in the case.  The publicity of the My Lai massacre was a major reason support of the Vietnam War reduced both in the United States and around the world. The three men who objected to the My Lai massacre were threatened and publicly humiliated. Thirty years later, the men were honored for their efforts.

Other notable cases
Kadish also represented Sydney Ashkenazie who alleged to have found a painting, once credited to Rembrandt, stolen by the Nazis during World War II. Ashkenazie had hoped the painting would be valued at US$20 million. Ashkenazie states it was also Kadish who brought attorney F. Lee Bailey into the case. Kadish has been a frequent legal commentator on such high-profile criminal cases as the O. J. Simpson murder case and on the Atlanta Gold Club organized crime case.

References

American judges
New York University School of Law alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Nichola Simpson (born 10 October 1956) is an athlete from Oxford, Great Britain. She competes in compound archery, and has reached a career high of 4th in the FITA world rankings (23 August 2008).

Simpson is a member of Oxford Archers, and is coached by her husband Ian Simpson.

Notable achievements
Having taken up archery in 1987, Nichola has been a member of the GB women's compound team since 1993, with whom she won Gold at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. She won a bronze medal at the 1995 World Indoor Archery Championships held in Birmingham and a further Bronze at the 2nd World Cup leg in San Salvador in 2006, which was Great Britain's first Archery World Cup medal. She had her most successful season to date in 2007, winning silver at 2 world cup events, in Porec and Boé and also the silver medal at the year end Grand Final in Lausanne.

Records
Nichola currently holds the following British records (correct 27 March 2013):

Awards
Nichola was awarded the Oxfordshire Sportswoman of the year award in 2007.

References

External links
 Oxford Archers
 Archery World Cup 2008 Finals on YouTube

British female archers
1956 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Oxford
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in archery
Archers at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games


Richard Rust (July 13, 1938 – November 9, 1994 ) was an American actor of stage, television, and film born in Boston.

Early years
Rust attended a Massachusetts boarding school and the University of Miami, where he was an archery champion. After majoring in drama at Miami, he enhanced his skills at the Neighborhood Playhouse.

Stage
Rust first acted professionally in a 1951 production of The Milky Way at Southbury Playhouse in Connecticut.

Film

Television
The Rifleman -Brice in Quiet Fear 1961.
He acted in "Perry Mason" episodes: "The Case of the Startled Stallion" (1959) “Gunsmoke” episode “Kangaroo” (1959), and “Perry Mason”  “The Case of the Nervous Neighbor"(1964).

Filmography

References

External links

1938 births
1994 deaths
American male television actors
American male stage actors
American male film actors
Male actors from Greater Los Angeles
Male actors from Boston
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from New York City
University of Miami alumni


The news producer takes all the elements of a newscast (packages, video, graphics, etc.) and compiles them into a cohesive show.

In the hierarchy of the newsroom, the news producer is under the executive producer, who reports to the news director. The news producer is usually on the same level as the anchor, although this may differ from newsroom to newsroom. The news producer is over the director, studio crew, reporters, field crew, photographers, editors, etc.

Responsibilities

The news producer's responsibilities are wide-ranging. In no particular order of importance (because all are equally important), they:
 Write the script for the news anchor(s) to read (though in some Designated Market Areas, the anchor(s) prefer to write this themselves)
 Organize the show, to ensure that there is good "flow"
 Gather leads for possible stories
 Monitor the wire agencies/network feeds for potential stories
 Edit video for voice-overs
 Time the show, so it starts and ends on time, and contains all the commercial breaks necessary
 Communicate with the anchors, director, and studio crew while filming the show
 Keep in touch with reporters and crew in the field in order to monitor how stories are developing
 Write in-show and pre-show teases
 Coordinate live shots.

References
1) http://www.tvjobs.com/cgi-bin/job_descriptions.cgi?Z=&d=1&k=77&action=view
2) http://www.careerbuilder.com/JobSeeker/Jobs/JobDetails.aspx?IPath=JRKV&sc_cmp1=JS_JR_ViewJob&ff=21&APath=2.21.0.0.0&job_did=J3I7015YB1GKRFWX61D

Mass media occupations


Geomdansan () is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Its area extends across the cities of Hanam and Gwangju. Geomdansan has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province


Danny Shepherd is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition in the 1980s and 1990s.

A promising front-row forward for the Eastern Suburbs Roosters, Shepherd played 41 games for the club between 1987 and 1990. He was struck down by severe sunstroke during an early season match against the Gold Coast at the Sydney Football Stadium in March 1990. After eleven days near death at Sydney's St Vincent's Hospital, Shepherd went on to make a full recovery. He returned to his hometown of Dubbo to continue playing and coaching rugby league in the country, though never played first-grade football again.

References

Australian rugby league players
Sydney Roosters players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)


David Hilberman (18 December 1911 – 5 July 2007) was an American  animator and one of the founders of classic 1940s animation.  An innovator in the animation industry, he co-founded United Productions of America (UPA). The studio gave its artists great freedom and pioneered the modern style of animation.  As Animator and Professor Tom Sito noted: "Arguably, no studio since Walt Disney exerted such a great influence on world animation." He and Zack Schwartz went on to start Tempo Productions which became an early leader in television animated commercial production. In short, he played an important role in the new directions the art form took in the 1940s and '50s.

Hilberman studied art in schools in both Detroit and Cleveland.  The Great Depression began when he was 18, and with its huge economic dislocation promoted political activism and consequential legislation: the Social Security Act and the National Labor Relations Act.  In 1932 he traveled with friends to Russia, where all of their parents had been born.  He stayed for six months in Leningrad, worked in a theater and studied stagecraft and art.  Unable to speak Russian and finding Russians too dogmatic, he returned to Cleveland.  There he resumed his education at Case Western Reserve University, earning a B.S. in Art Education in 1934 and continuing his involvement with theater at the Cleveland Play House eventually securing a job teaching art in high school. He married, became aware of a talent search for artists being held by Walt Disney Productions and submitted a portfolio.  He became one of 29 artists hired out of several thousand applicants. Hilberman began in animation as an assistant animator and shortly was asked by Bill Tytla to join his unit working on the dwarf sequences in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Disney's first animated feature film.  The film, which had been a major gamble for the Walt Disney studio became a huge artistic and financial success and lead to a series of pioneering animation features.  He went on to do layout on six short films and was then put in charge of pre-production layout for Bambi.  In preparation, he learned how to use the studio's huge new multiplane camera used for the panoramas through the woods.  He was proud of the work done at the studio. The rise of Hitler in Germany during the 1930’s was of growing concern for many.  David, (pen name Mark David) with Jerome Lawrence Schwartz worked together in late 1939 to produce Oscar the Ostrich.  It featured a screaming Hitler Ostrich who gathered up followers and loose sand dunes.  Oscar was the good ostrich who stuck his head in the sand and ignored the screaming, dangerous one.  Then the Hitler Ostrich seized the sand dune to the East.  This clearly referred to the September 1, 1939 German seizure of Poland which marked the start of World War II, even as Stalin still supported Germany.  Oscar and his buddies decide it is time to get angry and fight back.

Many artists had worked long unpaid hours on Snow White.  Instead of overtime pay, virtually all employees were promised bonuses for their efforts, some large, some small. Many were never paid as much of the revenues from the feature went into building the new Disney Studio in Burbank. Importantly, the Studio's revenues had been cut in nearly half by the WWII in Europe. By early 1941 artists were being let go without explanation, even when senior and very skilled.  These layoffs lead directly to the Disney animators' strike in the spring of 1941.  In an FBI interview three weeks after the strike began, Disney blamed these staff cuts for the strike. Nevertheless, two weeks later Disney placed an ad in Hollywood trade papers stated the strike was caused by Communist agitation!  Many of these issues are discussed in Karl F. Cohen's 1997 book: Forbidden Animation.

The after effects of the Studio's economic downturn and the strike included a major exodus of talent from Disney.  In 1943 David Hilberman, Zack Schwartz and Steve Bosustow, set up a new studio, which became UPA. Notable early films to which he contributed included his most political films: Point Rationing of Foods which was shown nationwide as part of the war effort, then for FDR's 1944 re-election campaign: Hell-Bent for Election and subsequently: Brotherhood of Man.  The pamphlet, Races of Mankind on which Brotherhood was based, was written by two eminent anthropologists, Ruth Benedict and Gene Weltfish and based on U.S. Army studies of recruits in WWI.  It was nevertheless banned by the War Department as subversive due to its assertion that racial differences were superficial.

Hilberman was drafted into the army toward the end of World War II and a year after his return to civilian life he sold his interest in UPA.  The end of the war and the 1946 elections brought a sharp right turn in American politics.  Exploiting fears of the Soviet Union (unrealistic given the decimation of the Soviet Union by the war and Stalin's policies) the  Second Red Scare began.  In 1947 the House Un-American Activities Committee met in Hollywood. Walt Disney blamed the strike on communist agitators rather than acknowledging unexplained layoffs of artists previously attributed to the studio's financial stress.  Disney named several artists, including Hilberman as Communists.  Similarly, other movie studio executives named many union activists as Communists and the attack on the unions turned into a nasty witch-hunt.  Best known for the 10 Screen Writers denounced as Communists, the Hollywood Blacklist began. The social justice issues which motivated the Hilbermans to attend some Communist Party meetings in the late 1930s and early 1940s—worker's rights, unions, women's rights, an end to racism – were regarded as subversive.  One of the FBI special agents who was involved chasing commies found himself thinking "Gee this isn't all that bad.  They want equal rights in the union for minorities and blacks and equal pay for women.  What the hell is wrong with this?"

In 1947 David Hilberman and Zack Schwartz founded another studio in New York City: Tempo Productions which went on to become a very successful producer of television animated commercials of high artistic merit.  In December 1953 at the height of the red scare the newsletter Counterattack, listed the companies that had used Tempo and urged a boycott of the firm.  Abruptly, orders for commercials were withdrawn and all employees had to be laid off.  The business was sold and the family traveled to Europe the next spring as David looked for work in Western Europe.  Their boat trip to Europe overlapped with the Army-McCarthy hearings, which were to mark the beginning of end of the witch-hunt, if not its substantial political and personal after-effects.  After talking to film producers and directors in France and Italy, Hilberman chose work in London for over a year where he set up a TV animated commercial department for Pearl and Dean and directed Calling All Salesmen. The family returned home in late 1955.

Back in New York, working as Transfilm, he produced and directed Man of Action in 1955.  In 1962 he directed Little Blue and Little Yellow, based on the book of the same name by Leo Lionni which had an anti discrimination theme.  He also directed a fanciful PR film for ESSO, designed by Ronald Searle: Energetically Yours with old Disney & UPA associates Bill Melendez and Art Babbitt doing the animation at their respective companies.  Melendez took the simplified modern animation style and use of artist's individual characters pioneered at UPA to the Peanuts TV series.  Back in Los Angeles, at Churchill Films he designed and directed educational films: Quest for Freedom, Ancient New World, Transportation, Land of Immigrants, Hooked and Girl to Woman.  He also worked at Hanna-Barbera doing layout for a variety of projects, a connection which began at Disney's and lasted many years.  In 1963 David returned to school part-time earning an MA in Theater Arts from UCLA in 1965.  He was invited to teach at San Francisco State University in 1967, where he taught animation and helped start the Film department.  A number these films are available on YouTube and other internet sites.

After leaving SF State in 1973 he and his wife lived in the SF Bay Area for many years.  He made several films on Synanon including The People's Ranch, What is Synanon? and The Synanon Wedding, worked with Jeff Hale at Imagination, Inc. and designed sets for the Palo Alto Children's Theater.  He resumed doing layout work for Hanna-Barbera, which included a six-month stint in Japan coordinating production in East Asia for The Smurfs.  His wife Libbie's warmth and caring held the family together through many difficult moves.  She died on 11 July 2006, David a year later on 5 July 2007.  They are survived by 3 children, 9 grandchildren and 8 great-grandchildren.

He was Jewish.  He expressed his religion primarily by a commitment to social justice, racial and gender equality and direct support for workers through health insurance, unions and similar programs and policies.

Awards
 Annie Awards, 1992, Winsor McCay Award - For Distinguished Lifetime Achievement to the Art of Animation: https://web.archive.org/web/20130102013212/http://annieawards.org/20th-annie-awards
 Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists Golden Award for 50 years service to the craft, 1986.
 Four CINE Golden Eagle awards

References

1911 births
2007 deaths
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Artists from Cleveland
American animators
American animated film directors
American animated film producers
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Hanna-Barbera people
Jewish American military personnel
UCLA Film School alumni


Tropical ecology is the study of the relationships between the biotic and abiotic components of the tropics, or the area of the Earth that lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.4378° N and 23.4378° S, respectively). The tropical climate experiences hot, humid weather and rainfall year-round. While many might associate the region solely with the rainforests, the tropics are home to a wide variety of ecosystems that boast a great wealth of biodiversity, from exotic animal species to seldom-found flora. Tropical ecology began with the work of early English naturalists and eventually saw the establishment of research stations throughout the tropics devoted to exploring and documenting these exotic landscapes. The burgeoning ecological study of the tropics has led to increased conservation education and programs devoted to the climate.

Origins

The roots of tropical ecology can be traced to the voyages of European naturalists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Men who might be considered early ecologists such as Alexander Von Humboldt, Thomas Belt, Henry Walter Bates, and even Charles Darwin sailed to tropical locations and wrote extensively about the exotic flora and fauna they encountered. While many naturalists were simply drawn to the exotic nature of the tropics, some historians argue that the naturalists conducted their studies on tropical islands in order to increase the likelihood that their work might bring about social and political change. In any case, these early explorations and the subsequent writings that came from them comprise much of the early work of tropical ecology and served to spark further interest in the tropics among other naturalists. Henry Walter Bates, for example, wrote extensively about a species of toucan he encountered while traveling along the Amazon River. Bates discovered that if one toucan called out, the other surrounding toucans would mimic his or her call, and the forest would quickly fill with the sounds of toucans; this was one of the first documented studies of animal mimicry. Alexander Von Humboldt voyaged throughout South America, from Venezuela through the Andes Mountains. There, Humboldt and his associate, Aimé Bonpland, stumbled upon an interesting ecological concept. As the pair traveled from the base of the mountains to the peak, they noticed that the species of plants and animals would change according to which climatic zone they were in relative to their elevation. This simple discovery aided the theorization of the life zone concept, which would eventually give way to the popularization of the concept of ecosystems. Another voyager, William Beebe, researched many species of birds in tropical locations and published a large gamut of academic works on his findings that greatly shaped the field of ornithology. According to his biographer Carol Grant Gould, "The effects William Beebe had on science... are enormous and lasting. He made an effective transition between the Victorian natural historian, content to collect and classify the natural world, and the modern experimental biologist." The work of these early pioneers not only lead to an increased interest in the burgeoning field of tropical ecology, but also had far reaching implications for scientific study on the whole.

Conservation and management

Tropical regions are hotspots for biodiversity, so conservation efforts are important to focus on in these places. Many species can be observed and conserved in the tropics. The tropics receive a lot of attention when it comes to conservation and management due to increased public awareness of the significance of tropical ecosystems and the delicacy with which they must be treated. Conservation efforts in the tropics can be difficult to start, as many communities have developed a culture around the ecology in many locations, and in many cases, people make their livelihood off some aspect of the ecology. Conservation measures have multiple benefits to the ecosystem and the community. There are health, economic, and environmental benefits to conserving tropical ecosystems, and conserving these benefits requires communication between local people, governments, and stakeholders. Communication between these groups facilitates the most benefit from conserving tropical ecosystems.

The rainforests are subjects of heightened attention due to the excessive deforestation and logging that occurs in those ecosystems. Deforestation contributes to  emissions, which is a cause of climate change. Much of the deforestation in the tropics is the result of agricultural land use. In the 1980s, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization conducted a study that concluded that 15.4 million hectares (100 acres) of tropical forest was lost per year. In addition, 5.6 million hectares were logged each year. This landmark study sparked widespread interest in the tropical ecosystem, and a great number of non-profits and outspoken ecologists engaged in an extended fight to "save the rainforest" that continues today. This battle has manifested itself in a number of ways, one of which is the outcropping of biodiversity institutes in tropical locations dedicated to stopping the excessive deforestation of the landscape, one of the most notable of which was established in Costa Rica. The work of the Costa Rican National Biodiversity Institute (INBio) has served as a model for other biodiversity institutes. First, rainforests harbor the most alkaloid-producing plants of any biome; alkaloids are compounds that are crucial to the production of Western drugs. Due to the abundance of these compounds, pharmaceutical companies all over the world look to the rainforests for new medicinal treatments. In the early 1990s, the heads of INBio signed a deal with the pharmaceutical behemoth Merck that called for cooperation between the two entities in discovering and exploring new natural treatments in the Costa Rican rainforests. Ecologists, government officials, and corporations alike praised this decision as decisive progress in an ongoing struggle to work cooperatively in utilizing tropical biodiversity while ensuring the stability of tropical ecosystems.

Historical biogeography of the tropics
Tropical ecology has changed over time as a result of dynamic biogeography. Biogeography is the geographical distribution of plants and animals, and has a large impact on the course of evolution. Understanding the historical biogeography of the tropics is important for learning about the origins of biodiversity. Evolution around the world is impacted by the changing species distribution across tropical biomes because many species can be traced back to tropical ancestors. Species evolve rapidly in the tropics, changing the habitat ecology. The theory of a latitudinal species gradient suggests that species richness increases towards the equator for most taxa. This holds true for marine and terrestrial species, northern and southern located species, ectotherms and endotherms and active and passive dispersing species. By turning to the biogeographical history of the tropics, we gain a deeper understanding of how the current tropical ecology developed.

Biogeography is related to the physical conditions and geography of the habitat. The temperature and geographical area of the tropics enforce the latitudinal species gradients by facilitating higher rates of speciation. Tropical biomes are defined as warm, moist habitats, and cover the largest amount of the terrestrial area on earth. Tropical species do not face the evolutionary pressure of harsh climates experienced in northern and southern regions. Therefore, tropical adaptations are largely influenced by biotic interactions as opposed to climate pressures. Consequently, tropical evolution has been described as a “creative process” among biota rather than a survival process against the climate. Some hypotheses also suggest that the higher tropical temperatures affect speciation at the molecular level, leading to higher mutation rates, faster generation times and therefore faster rates of genetic divergence. The West Pacific Coral Triangle, a tropical ocean region, is the global peak of marine diversity because of its combination of warm temperatures, large area, minimal seasonal climate variation, diverse habitat types, important biotic relationships and influx of taxi from other tropical regions because of a complex mainland-island structure and ocean currents.

Tropical glacial and interglacial periods

The geography and biology of the tropics has the longest history of any biome found on Earth today. Tropical glacial and interglacial cycles caused by a fluctuating climate have induced speciation in the tropics, explaining its outstanding ecological diversity. Nevertheless, the tropics have experienced various climatic disturbances over their long history that have shaped present patterns of diversity.

The Paleocene period experienced warm air and water temperatures, with tropical terrestrial biomes reaching as far north as current day London and tropical seas extending into the arctic. The Paleocene period was the first epoch of the Cenozoic era, spanning from 66 - 56 million years ago. During this period, the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles was extremely reduced. Cooling trends began about 45 million years ago, with interspersed warm periods. During this period, species diversification increased because tropical biomes became fragmented by glaciers, increasing rates of speciation. This cooling also gradually restricted the ranges of many taxa into shrinking tropical regions. The geographic and temperate history of the Cenozoic period is reflected in tropical ecology and more specifically the latitudinal species gradient. Tropical species have experienced a longer and less disturbed evolutionary history than species found in other biomes around the world. Therefore, temperate species that initially radiated out of tropical biomes are often nested in the phylogenies of tropical clades. The consistency of tropical environments constitutes species composition with more age variance and diversity.

The Quaternary glacial cycles that occurred during the Pleistocene era were the most recent major climate disturbance in the tropics. Glaciers caused the decline of life forms at high altitudes because they remained solid for the longest consecutive time at high altitudes. Tropical environments became interspersed by glaciers and dry climates. This fragmentation resulted in speciation due to geographic isolation, steepening the latitudinal species gradient. Today, Peru contains 70% of all tropical glacial area, hosting the two largest tropical glaciers: the Quelccaya Ice Cap and the Nevado Coropuna ice cap. Monitoring the shrinkage of these glaciers is important for understanding the rate of glacial melt. From 1998 to 2020, 26% of the Quelccaya ice cap melted and the average altitude of the ice cap rose from 5389 meters to 5449 meters. The degree of change in tropical glacial areas is rapidly accelerating. Future research aims to understand current glaciation trends in the tropics in order to give context to the relationship between tropical ecology and climate change.

Significance of ecology in the tropics

  It is advantageous for ecologists and naturalists to study plants, animals, and ecosystems in the tropical climate for a number of reasons. For one, the tropics are home to a wide array of ecosystems, from rainforests to deserts. In that sense, the tropics are a great place for ecologists to conduct diverse studies without traveling too far from a research center. With the large amount of biodiversity present in the tropics, it is a good access point for research. Most research in the tropics has been done on species richness, however more research needs to be done on other aspects of the tropics. Secondly, the temperature in the tropics rarely hinders plant growth and activity; flora can be studied nearly year round, as cold weather never stunts plant activity. In addition to climatic reasons, the traditionally sparse population of the tropics has greatly aided research in the area, as the landscape is largely untainted by mankind and machinery. While this may not be the case so much as of late, the vast amounts of untapped land in the tropics still make for prime research territory. Finally, the tropics are valuable to ecologists because they are home to some of the oldest lands on Earth, including Chile's Atacama Desert and Australia's Peneplain. Thus, plant communities have been growing and evolving for millions of uninterrupted years, which makes for interesting study. That being said, while it may be advantageous to study ecology in the tropics, this is not to say that it is without difficulty. The ecosystems native to the tropics and the biodiversity they boast are dwindling. Half of the species located in biodiversity hotspots are in danger of extinction, and many of the plants with potential medicinal uses are dying off. In this sense, ecological study in the tropics is not as easily conducted as it once was; this is the reason why much of the modern ecological work in the field is aimed towards conservation and management as opposed to general research.

See also

References

External links
Tropical Biology Association
Course of Tropical Ecology at Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland polish version
Field Course of Tropical Ecology at Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland polish version
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas spanish version

Wikipedia Student Program
Ecology by biogeographic realm
Tropics


Geumjusan () is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Its area extends across the city of Pocheon. Geumjusan has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province

zh:金珠山


The Squirrel Meadow Guard Station is a ranger station in the backcountry of Targhee National Forest in Wyoming. The original facility was established in 1907, with the present structures built in 1934. The log cabin station is an example of a standard US Forest Service backcountry patrol structure.

The site comprises a log cabin and an outhouse. A second cabin belonging to the state of Wyoming is nearby, and while compatible in design, is not included in the historic designation. The cabin was built using Forest Service Standard Plans R4-7 (cabin) and R4-70 (outhouse).  It is one of only two R4-7 cabins in Wyoming. The cabin is a two-room structure with a kitchen at the west end, a living space at the east end, and a screened porch at the far east end. Wall and roof construction uses lodgepole pine logs. A galvanized roof has been installed over the original wood roof shingles. A well with a hand pump in front of the cabin dates to the 1980s. The stove in the kitchen area is a wood-burning cooking stove.  There is a wood-burning stove in the living area for heat.

The Squirrel Meadows Cabin is rented to the public as a visitor accommodation.

References

External links
 US Forest Service listing at recreation.gov
 at the National Park Service's NRHP database
Squirrel Meadows Guard Station at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Government buildings completed in 1934
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Teton County, Wyoming
United States Forest Service ranger stations
National Park Service ranger stations
National Register of Historic Places in Teton County, Wyoming
1934 establishments in Wyoming


Geummulsan () is a mountain in South Korea. Its area extends across Hoengseong, Gangwon-do and Yangpyeong County, Gyeonggi-do. Geummulsan  has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gangwon Province, South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province

zh:今勿山


Samir Duro (born 18 October 1977) is a Bosnian retired professional footballer.

Club career
Duro previously played for Sarajevo in the Bosnian Premier League and Međimurje in the Croatian Prva HNL.

International career
Duro made his debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in an October 1999 European Championship qualification match away against Estonia and has earned a total of 7 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was an August 2002 friendly match against Serbia and Montenegro.

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
People from Konjic
Sportspeople from Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Men's association football midfielders
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's international footballers
FK Igman Konjic players
FK Sarajevo players
NK Maribor players
PAS Giannina F.C. players
FC Leon Saturn Ramenskoye players
FK Željezničar Sarajevo players
NK Celje players
NK Međimurje players
NK Čelik Zenica players
HNK Šibenik players
HŠK Zrinjski Mostar players
FK Rudar Kakanj players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Super League Greece players
Russian Premier League players
Croatian Football League players
First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Croatia


"If I Love U 2nite" is a 1991 single by British singer Mica Paris.

Track listing
CD single

7″ Vinyl

12″ Vinyl

Charts

Mayte version

"If I Love U 2nite" (also known as "If Eye Love U 2night") is Mayte's solo debut, and the first single from her album, Child of the Sun. Mayte's narration of her love story, in which she and her lover's first date was "in bed", and she asks him if he'll love her forever. The song was suggested to be about Prince, whom she was dating at the time. The two would later wed on Valentine's Day, 1996.

History
The song was originally written by Prince for his band member Gayle Chapman to sing. Chapman recorded two versions of this song. Later, Prince sang it as an outtake in 1987 from a man's point of view. It was also covered by Mica Paris in 1991. The original Prince guide vocal for "If I Love U 2 Nite" appeared by mistake on the rare Mica Paris Stand for Love EP, of which only a handful exist. It was Mayte's biggest hit and a fan favorite due to Mayte's shy, cute, pop sound, unlike the others' soul sound. Chapman and Prince both performed this as a ballad.

Album cover

Riley Saline – Photographer
Ken O'Rourke – Hair Stylist

Track listing
CD #1 NPG Records / 0061635NPG (Europe)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Radio Edit) (3:30)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Album Version) (4:19)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Spanish) (4:20)
"The Rhythm Of Your Heart" (3:17)

CD No. 2 (The Remixes) NPG Records / 0061925NPG (Europe)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Album Version) (4:19)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Lil' Cash Mix) (5:02)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Displacement Mix) (6:05)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Tweakin' Dub) (7:13)

Cassette NPG Records / 0061639NPG (Europe)
"If Eye Love U 2night" (Radio Edit) (3:30)
"The Rhythm Of Your Heart" (3:17)

References

1991 debut singles
1994 singles
Songs written by Prince (musician)
Paisley Park Records singles
1987 songs
Song recordings produced by Prince (musician)
Mica Paris songs


Peppermint Rose was a line of dolls made by Mattel and American Greetings in 1992. It also inspired an animated half-hour television special that was made in 1992, aired syndicated and released on video.

Characters
 Peppermint Rose - Leader of the group, dressed in pink and white.
 Miss Vanilla Daisy - Brunette, dressed in white with assorted colors.
 Lemon Kiss Lily - Light brown haired girl in violet and lily-colored dress.
 Merry Mint Violet - African-American girl in deep purple and green dress.

Candy Blossoms
Large rabbit-like creatures with huge ears and flowers on their heads, they were sold as plush 'teddy bears.'
Lollipop Posey
Bubblegum Violet

Sweet Spray
Much like the Candy Blossoms but sold as little figurines.
Peppermint Posy
Bubbly

Doll brands
Mattel
1990s toys


Garisan  may refer to:

Iran
Garisan, Iran, a village in Lorestan Province

South Korea
Garisan (가리산; 加里山) is the name of two mountains in South Korea:

Garisan (Gyeonggi-do)
Garisan (Gangwon-do)


Kannapolis Citizen is a newspaper based in Kannapolis, North Carolina covering Cabarrus, Mecklenburg, and Rowan counties. The paper started circulation in mid-2003. As of 2010, the paper was no longer in business.

References

Newspapers published in North Carolina

Newspapers established in 2003
2003 establishments in North Carolina


Kuntadevi is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2259 living in 459 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District