The Arrows A11 was a Formula One car with which the Arrows team competed in the  and  Formula One seasons, and at the start of the  season (badged as a Footwork).

Designed by Ross Brawn, the A11 was the first Arrows car following the ban on turbocharged engines at the end of , being fitted with a normally-aspirated 3.5-litre Ford Cosworth DFR V8 engine. It was raced to reasonably good effect by Derek Warwick and Eddie Cheever in 1989, Warwick finishing in the top six on five occasions and briefly challenging for victory in the Canadian Grand Prix, and Cheever finishing third in the United States Grand Prix, held in his home town of Phoenix, Arizona. With 13 points, Arrows placed seventh in the Constructors' Championship.

For 1990, the car received minor suspension upgrades and became the A11B, while Italian drivers Michele Alboreto and Alex Caffi replaced Warwick and Cheever. 1990 turned out to be far less successful than 1989, however, as the car failed to qualify seven times, and finished in the top six only once, when Caffi took fifth at an attritional race in Monaco. Caffi was also forced to sit out the United States and Spanish races through injury, Germany's Bernd Schneider deputising on both occasions. The two points from Monaco gave Arrows ninth in the Constructors' Championship.

By the start of 1991, the team had been taken over by the Japanese Footwork concern and renamed accordingly, and had also secured a deal to run Porsche V12 engines, replacing the Fords. However, the team's car for that season, the FA12, had to be redesigned when it was discovered that the large Porsche engine, the 3512, could not fit into it. The team therefore modified the A11B into the A11C to accommodate this engine, and used it in the first two races, as well as at San Marino after Alboreto destroyed his redesigned FA12 during practice. From these five attempts, the ageing car qualified only once (Alboreto in the United States), before being finally retired.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

References

A11


The Footwork FA13 was a Formula One car used by the Footwork Arrows team in the 1992 Formula One World Championship and, when updated as the FA13B, in the first two races of the  championship. It was powered by the Mugen-Honda V10 engine.

The FA13 chassis, designed by Alan Jenkins, was a conventional, straightforward car and Alboreto scored four times, 5th in both the Spanish and San Marino Grands Prix and 6th in both the Brazilian and Portuguese Grands Prix, the team finishing with six points and equal 7th with Ligier in the Constructors' Championship.

Complete Formula One results
(key)

* All 1993 points were scored using the Footwork FA14

References

FA13


The Footwork FA14 was a Formula One car with which the Footwork team competed in part of the 1993 Formula One season. It replaced the FA13B, a revised version of the previous year's FA13 chassis that had been used for the first two races of that season. It was driven by veteran Derek Warwick, returning from a 3-year sabbatical, and Aguri Suzuki, retained from 1992.

Race history
At its first race, the attritional European GP at Donington Park, neither driver finished. The FA14's performance proved to be patchy; Suzuki managed a run of seven straight retirements towards the end of the season, while Warwick frequently finished outside the top ten. However, over the course of the season the car's performance steadily improved, with Warwick finishing sixth at his home race at Silverstone, and then fourth at the Hungaroring for his final F1 points. Suzuki's improvement throughout the season was even more marked; after qualifying on the back row at Donington, he qualified sixth at Spa ahead of Warwick and was running fifth until his gearbox retired, and finished seventh at the final race at Adelaide, although he and Warwick did collide at the first corner at Monza.

1993 proved to be both drivers' final full season in F1. Warwick retired at the end of the season, while Suzuki drove briefly for Jordan and Ligier in the following seasons. For the 1994 season they were replaced by Christian Fittipaldi and Gianni Morbidelli.

Race results
(key)

† Driver did not finish the race, but were still classified as they completed 90% of the race distance.

References

FA14


Walter Fellows (23 February 1834, Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire – 23 July 1902, Toorak, Melbourne) was an English amateur cricketer who later became a clergyman in Australia.  He was the brother of Harvey Fellows, who also played first-class cricket.

Cricket player
Walter Fellows was the seventh son of Thomas Fellows, of Moneyhill, Hertfordshire, and was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford.

He was an all-rounder who was first noted as a schoolboy cricketer at Westminster. In first-class cricket, he was mainly associated with Oxford University and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).  He played for several predominantly amateur teams including the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players series. He had a reputation as a "terrific and very successful hitter". Fellows' name has appeared in the "records" section of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack for many years under the heading "Record Hit" with the same wording: "The Rev. W. Fellows, while at practice on the Christ Church ground at Oxford in 1856, drove a ball bowled by Charles Rogers 175 yards from hit to pitch." A note reproduced in an Australian newspaper in 1890 states that Fellows at the time was 5 feet 11 inches tall and weighed 17 stones 4 pounds.

Fellows made 24 known appearances in first-class matches from 1853 to 1857. He played in the University match for Oxford University against Cambridge University as a lower middle-order batsman and a bowler for four years from 1854 to 1857, making important batting contributions in 1854, 1856 and 1857 and having some limited success as a bowler in 1855 and 1856; he appeared in the Gentlemen v Players matches at Lord's from 1855 to 1857.

Later career
Fellows was ordained in 1858, and served as curate at Weedon and at Sidmouth, before he emigrated to Australia in 1863 to become the first vicar of St John's Church, Toorak. In Australia, he played for the Melbourne Cricket Club; a report in an Australian newspaper in 1878 indicates that Fellows was discouraged from playing in major matches by his bishop, Charles Perry, but that the retirement of Perry brought about a more permissive attitude from the new incumbent, James Moorhouse, and Fellows was able to resume.

He resigned his position due to ill health in 1900, and died at Toorak parsonage near Melbourne on 23 July 1902.

Family
Fellows married, in 1862, Julia Packe, daughter of Rev. Christopher Packe, vicar of Ruislip.

References

Sources

External links

 CricketArchive record

1834 births
1902 deaths
English cricketers
English cricketers of 1826 to 1863
Gentlemen cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
People from Rickmansworth
Gentlemen of England cricketers
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
19th-century English Anglican priests
English emigrants to colonial Australia


Marquis Yi of Cai (蔡夷侯) (died 809 BC), born as Ji ? (姬?; his name is lost to history), was the seventh ruler of the State of Cai from 837 BC to 809 BC.  He was the only known son of Marquis Wu of Cai (蔡武侯). His reign lasted for 28 years like his father's.  He was succeeded by his son.

References
Shiji

Zhou dynasty nobility
Cai (state)
809 BC deaths
9th-century BC Chinese monarchs
Year of birth unknown


First round selections

The following are the first round picks in the 1988 Major League Baseball draft.

Supplemental first round selections

Compensation picks

Other notable players
Arthur Rhodes†, 2nd round, 34th overall by the Baltimore Orioles
Bob Hamelin, 2nd round, 48th overall by the Kansas City Royals
Darren Oliver, 3rd round, 63rd overall by the Texas Rangers
Scott Servais, 3rd round, 64th overall by the Houston Astros
Marquis Grissom†, 3rd round, 76th overall by the Montreal Expos
David Weathers, 3rd round, 82nd overall by the Toronto Blue Jays
Luis Gonzalez†, 4th round, 90th overall by the Houston Astros
Turk Wendell, 5th round, 112th overall by the Atlanta Braves
Mickey Morandini†, 5th round, 120th overall by the Philadelphia Phillies
John Valentin, 5th round, 121st overall by the Boston Red Sox
Pat Listach, 5th round, 133rd overall by the Milwaukee Brewers
Eric Karros, 6th round, 140th overall by the Los Angeles Dodgers
Gary DiSarcina, 6th round, 143rd overall by the California Angels
Rheal Cormier, 6th round, 158th overall by the St. Louis Cardinals
Greg McMichael, 7th round, 163rd overall by the Cleveland Indians
Jim Edmonds†, 7th round, 169th overall by the California Angels
Mark Wohlers†, 8th round, 190th overall by the Atlanta Braves
Tim Naehring, 8th round, 199th overall by the Boston Red Sox
Tim Wakefield†, 8th round, 200th overall by the Pittsburgh Pirates
Mark Clark, 9th round, 236th overall by the St. Louis Cardinals
Pete Rose Jr., 12th round, 295th overall by the Baltimore Orioles
Scott Hatteberg, 12th round, 302nd overall by the Philadelphia Phillies, but did not sign
Paul Byrd†, 13th round, 332nd overall by the Cincinnati Reds, but did not sign
Kenny Lofton†, 17th round, 428th overall by the Houston Astros
Darren Lewis, 18th round, 463rd overall by the Oakland Athletics
John Flaherty, 25th round, 641st overall by the Boston Red Sox
Joey Hamilton, 28th round, 711th overall by the Baltimore Orioles, but did not sign
Woody Williams†, 28th round, 732nd overall by the Toronto Blue Jays
Russ Davis, 29th round, 755th overall by the New York Yankees
Jeff Frye, 30th round, 765th overall by the Texas Rangers
Damion Easley†, 30th round, 767th overall by the California Angels
Deion Sanders, 30th round, 781st overall by the New York Yankees
Mike Matheny, 31st round, 810th overall by the Toronto Blue Jays, but did not sign
Aaron Sele†, 37th round, 961st overall by the Minnesota Twins, but did not sign
Marvin Benard, 39th round, 1003rd overall by the Chicago White Sox, but did not sign
Orlando Palmeiro, 43rd round, 1114th overall by the New York Yankees, but did not sign
Scott Erickson†, 44th round, 1140th overall by the Toronto Blue Jays, but did not sign
Fernando Viña†, 51st round, 1266th overall by the New York Yankees, but did not sign
Mike Piazza‡, 62nd round, 1390th overall by the Los Angeles Dodgers

† All-Star
‡ Hall of Famer

NFL players drafted
Rodney Peete, 14th round, 359th overall by the Oakland Athletics, but did not sign
Todd Marinovich, 43rd round, 1101st overall by the California Angels, but did not sign
Hart Lee Dykes, 54th round, 1300th overall by the Chicago White Sox, but did not sign

See also

List of first overall Major League Baseball draft picks

External links
Complete draft list from The Baseball Cube database

References

Major League Baseball draft
Draft
Major League Baseball draft


Bruno Martino (11 November 1925 – 12 June 2000) was an Italian composer, singer, and pianist.

Career
Martino learned to play the piano at the age of fourteen. A jazz fan, he spent the early years of his career performing with European radio and night club orchestras. In the mid-1950s he was a member of the RAI orchestra. He later started composing music for popular Italian singers, eventually touring the world with his own orchestra. This resulted in a late-blossoming career as a singer.

Internationally he is best known for his 1960 song Estate, a standard that has been performed by many jazz musicians and singers since the early 1960s, including João Gilberto, Joe Diorio, Chet Baker, Toots Thielemans, Shirley Horn, Eliane Elias, Michel Petrucciani, Monty Alexander, Mike Stern, John Pizzarelli and Robert Jospé.

Another one of Martino's hit-songs, Dracula Cha Cha (later also called Dracula Cha Cha Cha) was originally composed for Steno's horror-comedy film Tempi duri per i vampiri (1959) and released as a single the same year. It was later included in the album Italian Graffiti (1960/61) and performed onscreen in Vincente Minnelli's film Two Weeks in Another Town (1962). It inspired the title of Kim Newman's novel Dracula Cha Cha Cha (1998), which takes place in Rome in 1959. There were several recordings by other artists, including Bob Azzam, Bob McFadden, Renato Rascel and Henri Salvador. Martino himself released a follow-up song called Draculino (Vampiro un po' bambino) (1959).

Discography
1959 - I grandi successi di Bruno Martino
1960 - Nuovi successi
1963 - Bruno Martino
1964 - Bruno Martino con orchestra
1965 - Dedicato a te
1969 - Sabato sera
1970 - The Best of Bruno Martino
1971 - Cos'hai trovato in lui
1972 - Ieri, oggi e sempre con Bruno Martino
1975 - I Love You
1977 - In the Night
1978 - Night Games
1980 - Il pianoforte e tu
1981 - Starai bene con me
1983 - Inconfutabilmente mia
1986 - Innamorarsi mai

References

1925 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century Italian male musicians
20th-century Italian  male singers
20th-century pianists
Italian bandleaders
Italian jazz pianists
Italian jazz singers
Italian male composers
Italian male pianists
Italian pop musicians
Male jazz musicians


A Kashmir rug is a hand-knotted oriental rug from Kashmir valley in India, which is associated with Kashmiri handicrafts. Kashmir rugs or carpets have intricate designs that are primarily oriental, floral style in a range of colors, sizes and quality.

The Kashmiri( /kaʃˈmɪəri/ ) word denotes a native or inhabitant of Kashmir. It also refers to the language of Kashmir. Rug ( /rʌɡ/ ) word is recognised with the floor covering of thick woven material ("an oriental rug").

Kashmir carpets are handmade, hand-knotted, and are primarily made using pure wool, pure silk and occasionally wool and silk blends. These are available in wide-ranging colors, designs and sizes.

Kashmir rugs are primarily made in the vicinity of Srinagar, Kashmir in North India and neighboring villages in rural parts of Kashmir. Kashmir rugs are one of the most sought-after artworks by connoisseurs around the world owing to their exceptional workmanship.

Kashmir rugs are available in a range of standard sizes, such as 3'x2', 4'x2'6", 5'x3', 6'x4', 7'x5', 10'x8', 12'x9', 14'x10', 15'x12' and 18'x12'. Larger sizes than these dimensions are mostly custom-made.

Kashmir rugs are renowned to have bright, jewel-like color tones such as sapphire blue, ruby red, emerald green, aquamarine, amethyst, and ivory. Rugs from Kashmir are traditionally made in oriental, floral designs that typically involve significant and culturally important motifs such as the paisley, chinar tree, (the oriental plane) and tree-of-life. Most of these designs are rooted in the Kashmiri way of life and are a symbolic representation of the age-old Kashmir tradition of hospitality, warmth, and love.

It is often said in Kashmir folklore that a home is incomplete without a soul - a Kashmir carpet. The ethos of Kashmir culture is often represented in the motifs of a Kashmir rug. Although, the art of making these gorgeous rugs is not native to Kashmir and was first introduced nearly 400 years back by the Mughal rulers in India. Yet the indigenous brilliance of the local crafts-persons has made Kashmir carpets one of the most sought after works of art in the world.

Rugs of Kashmir have always found more appeal due to their quaint designs and an interesting blend of classic colors inspired by the cultural microcosm of Kashmir and at times the colors were contemporary in nature that made carpets of Kashmir widely popular across North America, South Asia and Europe.

References

Rugs and carpets
Pakistani rugs and carpets
Kashmiri culture
Indian rugs and carpets


Marquis Xi of Cai (蔡釐侯) (died 761 BC), given name Suǒshi (所事), was the eighth ruler of the State of Cai from 809 BC to 761 BC. He was the only known son of Marquis Yi of Cai (蔡夷侯), his predecessor. His reign lasted for 48 years, the longest reign in Cai history. He was succeeded by his son.

References
Shiji

Zhou dynasty nobility
Cai (state)
761 BC deaths
9th-century BC Chinese monarchs
8th-century BC Chinese monarchs
Year of birth unknown


SUPERAntiSpyware is a software application which can detect and remove spyware, adware, trojan horses, rogue security software, computer worms, rootkits, parasites and other potentially harmful software applications. Although it can detect various types of malware, SUPERAntiSpyware is not designed to replace antivirus software.

Details
SUPERAntiSpyware's virus definitions are updated several times a week and generally receive a build update once a month. The company claims that it is specifically designed to be compatible with other security applications, and can, therefore, be used even when other applications are incompatible with other anti-spyware products.

The product is available as freeware for personal use with limited functions.

Reception
In 2011, SUPERAntiSpyware received a "DISMAL" rating from PC Magazine, which complained that it had no real-time protection and the lowest detection rate and lowest score in a malware removal test. Both the freeware and commercial version received a 4 out of 5 star average user rating on CNET's Download.com website.

Acquisition
On 16 July 2011, SUPERAntiSpyware was acquired by Support.com. The transaction was structured as an acquisition of assets with a cash purchase price of $8.5 million. All employees, including the founder, Nick Skrepetos, joined the acquirer.

References

External links

Spyware removal
Windows-only proprietary software
Windows security software


The World Bowling Writers (WBW) International Bowling Hall of Fame was established in 1993 and is located in the International Bowling Museum and Hall of Fame, on the International Bowling Campus in Arlington, Texas.

History
The International Bowling Museum and Hall of Fame was located at 11 Stadium Plaza, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, and shared the same building with the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum, until November 8, 2008.  It moved to Arlington and reopened in early 2010. In 2012, the WBW was merged with the International Bowling Media Association. After the merger, the WBW Hall of Fame inductees became part of the IBMA Luby Hall of Fame.

Criteria for election
WBW Hall of Famers are chosen strictly in the basis of athletic performance, to even qualify for consideration, a player must be an amateur and accumulate a minimum of 15 points in any combination of four specifically designated international competitions;
the Fédération Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) adult World Championships
 the Bowling World Cup
 the Fédération Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) adult Zone Masters Championships
 and the Olympic Games

with gold medals occurring in an event other than five-person team. Five points are credited for a gold medal, three points for silver, and one for bronze.

Each summer, the WBW Administrator scans a database to determine eligible candidates and sends ballots with those players’ names and resumes to current officers of the World Bowling Writers, which formed the Hall’s Board.

Election process
There are two categories: “Men” and “Women.” Voters can cast one vote in each category for every three names listed there, and one vote for any group of “leftovers” names in each category that totals less than three. The man and woman who receive the most votes are elected.

In the case of ties, more than one man or one woman can be elected, provided that each candidate in the tie receives at least two-thirds of the total votes cast in that category that year. If that standard is not met, no one is elected in that category that year.

(WBW) International Bowling Hall of Fame members
See footnote

 2013 Inductees

See also
United States Bowling Congress Hall of Fame

References

External links

 International Bowling Media Association (IBMA) is a 2012 merger between World Bowling Writers and Bowling Writers Association of America.

Ten-pin bowling
Bowl
Bowl
Sports in Arlington, Texas
Awards established in 1993
Bowling organizations


The Aracanidae are a family of bony fishes related to the boxfishes. They are somewhat more primitive than the true boxfishes, but have a similar protective covering of thickened scale plates. They are found in the Indian Ocean and the west Pacific. Unlike the true boxfishes, they also inhabit deep waters, of over  in depth.

Fossil species
The family is represented in the fossil record by the extinct genus Proaracana with the single species P. dubia known from the Middle Eocene of Italy.

References

Marine fish families
Tetraodontiformes


Smoked glass is glass held in the smoke of a candle flame (or other inefficiently burning hydrocarbon) such that one surface of the sheet of glass is covered in a layer of smoke residue. The glass is used as a medium for recording pen traces in scientific instruments, and is also used to track pheromone deposition in ants

The advantages of using the glass are that the recording medium is easily renewable (just re-smoke the glass), and that the trace obtained can easily be magnified by projection onto a suitable surface. A variation on this scheme is the use of smoked paper in early seismographs.

The effect of smoked glass can be incorporated into glass manufacture by adding darkening materials, such that light passing through the glass is decreased in brightness. It can be used aesthetically, for example, in the manufacture of coffee tables with smoked glass tops. It can also be used in scientific instruments as a filter, as in the use of smoked glass in cross-staves and sextants, allowing operators to make sun sightings without damaging their eyesight.

See also

 Window film

References

Glass coating and surface modification
Smoke


The Fountain: Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack album to the 2006 film The Fountain directed by Darren Aronofsky. Released on November 27, 2006, through Nonesuch Records, the album is a collaboration between contemporary classical composer and frequent Aronofsky collaborator Clint Mansell, classical string quartet the Kronos Quartet, and post-rock band Mogwai. The score received mixed reviews from critics and was nominated for several awards.

Recording
Clint Mansell—the composer for Aronofsky's previous films Pi and Requiem for a Dream—reprised his role for The Fountain. The San Francisco-based string quartet Kronos Quartet—who previously performed for the Requiem for a Dream soundtrack—and Scottish post-rock band Mogwai also contributed to the film score. Darren Aronofsky hoped that David Bowie—whose song "Space Oddity" helped influence the film's space traveler storyline—would record a song when the musical artist worked briefly with composer Clint Mansell during production. Aronofsky planned for Bowie to rework pieces of the score and to vocalize them, but the plan was unsuccessful. After the score was completed, Nonesuch Records, the home of The Fountain musical contributor Kronos Quartet, released the soundtrack on November 21, 2006.

Mansell researched possible scores to compose one tying together the three storylines. He sought to have an organic feeling to the score and explored implementing orchestral and electronic elements that would have "a real human element to them that breathes". Contrary to most films' scores composed in post-production, Mansell's score was composed concurrently with the film's production; he created a mood that flourished as the film progressed. The composer described the parallel process, "It's instinct and listening to what the film is telling you it needs".

Mansell drew from five to six years of writing material for The Fountain. The composer planned for the score to be pure percussion when the film was first meant to be epic in scale. Mansell, lacking classical training, collaborated with arranger Justin Skomarovsky in creating the score. They deconstructed the composer's initial pieces for The Fountain and re-played them in a key so the lead melodies could harmonically play with every progression. The song "Together We Will Live Forever" was an electronic piece designed by Mansell to be the protagonist's memory theme. Antony Hegarty, lead singer of Antony and the Johnsons, was commissioned to create a vocal piece over Skomarovsky's piano arrangement of "Together We Will Live Forever" for the end credits, but the director decided that the vocals would not be appropriate to end the film. The song was ultimately performed by pianist Randy Kerber.

Marketing and reception

The content and research agency Ramp Industry launched The Fountain Remixed, an official website driven by user-generated content. Users could download freely provided audio parts from The Fountain'''s film score, remix the music, and upload the work onto the website to be evaluated by other users.

Mansell won the Chicago Film Critics Association's 2006 award for Best Original Score, and he also won the World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Soundtrack of the Year and Public Choice Award. He was also nominated for the 2006 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for The Fountain, but lost to Alexandre Desplat for The Painted Veil. Mansell also lost a nomination for the 2006 BFCA Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer to Philip Glass for The Illusionist''.

Track listing
All music composed by Clint Mansell.
 "The Last Man" – 6:09
 "Holy Dread!" – 3:52
 "Tree of Life" – 3:45
 "Stay with Me" – 3:36
 "Death Is a Disease" – 2:34
 "Xibalba" – 5:23
 "First Snow" – 3:09
 "Finish It" – 4:25
 "Death Is the Road to Awe" – 8:26
 "Together We Will Live Forever" – 5:02

Personnel

 Kronos Quartet
 Hank Dutt – viola and string arrangement
 David Harrington – violin and string arrangement
 John Sherba – violin and string arrangement
 Jeffrey Zeigler – cello and string arrangement

 Mogwai
 Dominic Aitchison – bass guitar
 Stuart Braithwaite – guitar
 Martin Bulloch – drums
 Barry Burns – piano
 John Cummings – guitar

 Additional performers
 James Bagwell – piano
 Martin Doner – tenor
 Misa Iwama – contralto
 Melissa Kelly – soprano
 Randy Kerber – piano
 Karen Krueger – contralto
 Drew Martin – tenor
 Christopher Roselli – bass singing
 Justin Skomarovsky – celesta, film score arrangement, glockenspiel, and programming
 Charles Sprawls – bass singing
 Kathy Theil – soprano

 Technical personnel
 Ameoba Proteus – design
 Tony Doogan – production and engineering for Mogwai
 Geoff Foster – engineering, mixing, production, and sequencing for choir
 Scott Fraser – production and engineering for Kronos Quartet
 Bob Ludwig – mastering at Gateway Mastering Studios, Portland, Maine, United States
 Clint Mansell – production
 Dawn Thompson – assistant engineering for Kronos Quartet
 André Zeers – editing for Kronos Quartet

References

External links
 Homepage for the album from Nonesuch Records
 The Fountain: Music from the Motion Picture from Allmusic

2006 soundtrack albums
Drama film soundtracks
Instrumental soundtracks
Kronos Quartet albums
Mogwai soundtracks
Nonesuch Records soundtracks
Collaborative albums
Clint Mansell soundtracks


Diuris behrii, commonly known as golden cowslips, is a species of orchid which is endemic to southern continental Australia. It has between three and six grass-like leaves and a flowering stem with up to four drooping, yellow flowers with dark streaks on the labellum. The flowers appear between September and November in its native range.

Description
Diuris behrii is a tuberous, perennial herb with between three and six grass-like, narrow linear leaves up to  long. Up to four drooping, bright yellow flowers are borne on a flowering stem up to  tall. The pedicel of each flower is enclosed in a bract. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, up to  long and leans forwards. It has dark streaks similar to those on the labellum. The lateral sepals are greenish, linear to lance-shaped, up to  long and turn downwards and parallel to each other. The petals spread sideways or droop and are narrow egg-shaped to elliptic, up to  long on a green, stalk-like "claw". The labellum is up to  long, often has brownish streaks, and has three lobes. The centre lobe is a broad wedge shape, often with irregular edges. The lateral lobes are small and oblong with toothed edges. There are two ridge-like calli about  long near the mid-line of the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to November.

Taxonomy and naming
Diuris behrii was first formally described in 1847 by Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal who published his description in Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde. The specific epithet (behrii) honours the German-American botanist, Hans Hermann Behr.

Distribution and habitat
The golden cowslip orchid grows in grassland and woodland mostly in western Victoria but is also found in south-eastern South Australia. Plants previously included in D. behrii in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory are now segregated as D. amabilis.

References

behrii
Orchids of New South Wales
Orchids of Victoria (state)
Endemic orchids of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Plants described in 1847
Taxa named by Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal


Marquis Gòng of Cai (蔡共侯) (?–760 BC), born as Ji Xīng (姬興), was the ninth ruler of the State of Cai from 761 BC  to 760 BC.  He was the only known son of Marquis Yi of Cai (蔡夷侯), his predecessor. His reign only lasted for 2 years, which seem reasonable since his father's reign was 48 years making him an old man by the time he became Marquis.  He was succeeded by his son.

References
Shiji

Zhou dynasty nobility
Cai (state)
760 BC deaths
8th-century BC Chinese monarchs
Year of birth unknown


The 1973 Australian Touring Car Championship was the 14th running of the Australian Touring Car Championship. It began at Symmons Plains on 5 March 1973 and ended at Warwick Farm after eight rounds. The series was won by Allan Moffat in a Ford Falcon GTHO Phase III.

The night before Round 6 of the series at the Adelaide International Raceway, Moffat's GTHO Falcon was stolen from Stillwell Ford in the northern Adelaide suburb of Medindie. Rather than see Moffat out of the race (he was the series points leader at the time having won the opening 4 rounds and finishing 3rd in round 5), Murray Carter loaned Moffat his GTHO Falcon for the race. Peter Brock won the race while Moffat kept his points lead by finishing second. Moffat's stolen Falcon was later found abandoned in the Adelaide Hills where the thieves who had taken it for a "joy ride" dumped it when it ran out of fuel.

Teams and drivers
The following drivers competed in the 1973 ATCC. The series consisted of eight rounds held in six different states. As of 2022, Elemer Vajda's entry is still the only Subaru to have contested an ATCC/V8 Supercars race.

Calendar
The 1973 Australian Touring Car Championship consisted of eight rounds.

Drivers Championship
Points were awarded 4-3-2-1 for the first four race positions, and then 9-6-4-3-2-1 for the top 6 of each class.

References

Australian Touring Car Championship seasons
Touring Cars


Sultan of Pahang () is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Old Pahang Sultanate.

History
The Old Pahang Kingdom appeared in foreign records from as early as 5th century and at its height, covered much of the modern state of Pahang and the entire southerly part of the peninsula. Throughout its pre-Melakan history, Pahang was established as a mueang or naksat of some major regional Malayic mandalas including Langkasuka, Srivijaya and Ligor. Around the middle of the 15th century, it was brought into the orbit of Melaka Sultanate and subsequently established as a vassal Muslim Sultanate in 1470, following the coronation of the grandson of the former Maharaja as the first Sultan of Pahang.

Over the years, Pahang grew independent from Melakan control and at one point even established itself as a rival state to Melaka until the latter's demise in 1511. At the height of its influence, the Sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asian history and controlled the entire Pahang basin, bordering to the north, the Pattani Sultanate, and adjoins to that of Johor Sultanate to the south. To the west, it also extends jurisdiction over part of modern-day Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. During this period, Pahang was heavily involved in attempts to rid the Peninsula of the various foreign imperial powers; Portugal, Holland and Aceh. After a period of Acehnese raids in the early 17th century, Pahang entered into the amalgamation with the successor of Melaka, Johor, when its 14th Sultan, Abdul Jalil Shah III, was also crowned the 7th Sultan of Johor. After a period of union with Johor, it was eventually revived as a modern sovereign Sultanate in the late 19th century by the Bendahara dynasty.

After a period of union with Johor, the autonomous Pahang Kingdom came into existence with the consolidation of power by the Bendahara family, following the gradual dismemberment of Johor Empire. A self rule was established in Pahang in the late 18th century, with Tun Abdul Majid declared as the first Raja Bendahara. The area around Pahang formed a part of the hereditary domains attached to this title and administered directly by the Raja Bendahara. The weakening of the Johor sultanate and the disputed succession to the throne was matched by an increasing independence of the great territorial magnates; the Bendahara in Pahang, the Temenggong in Johor and Singapore, and the Yamtuan Muda in Riau.

In 1853, the fourth Raja Bendahara Tun Ali, renounced his allegiance to the Sultan of Johor and became independent ruler of Pahang. He was able to maintain peace and stability during his reign, but his death in 1857 precipitated civil war between his sons. The younger son Wan Ahmad challenged the succession of his half-brother Tun Mutahir, in a dispute that escalated into a civil war. Supported by the neighbouring Terengganu Sultanate and the Siamese, Wan Ahmad emerged victorious, establishing controls over important towns and expelled his brother in 1863. He served as the last Raja Bendahara, and was proclaimed Sultan of Pahang by his chiefs in 1881.

List of rulers

House of Melaka

Sultan of Pahang
1470–1475: Muhammad Shah
1475–1495: Ahmad Shah
1495–1512: Abdul Jamil Shah reign jointly with Mansur Shah I
1495–1519: Mansur Shah I reign jointly with Abdul Jamil Shah
1519–1530: Mahmud Shah
1530–1540: Muzaffar Shah
1540–1555: Zainal Abidin Shah
1555–1560: Mansur Shah II
1560–1575: Abdul Jamal Shah reign jointly with Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah
1560–1590: Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah reign jointly with Abdul Jamal Shah
1590–1592: Ahmad Shah II
1592–1614: Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah
1614–1615: Alauddin Riayat Shah
1615–1617: Abdul Jalil Shah III first time
1617–1623: Interregnum

Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga (Johor Empire)
From 1623, Pahang was nominally merged with Johor when Johor's Sultan Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah died and Raja Bujang emerged as the new ruler of Johor-Pahang. Installed as Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah III, he reigned until 1677. With the decline of Aceh, Johor-Pahang gradually extend its suzerainty over the Riau-Lingga islands.

1623–1677: Abdul Jalil Shah III
1641–1676: Yamtuan Muda Raja Bajau – heir apparent to the Johor throne who ruled Pahang as separate dominion until his death in 1676.
1677–1685: Ibrahim Shah
1685–1699: Mahmud Shah II

House of Bendahara

Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga (Johor Empire)
When Mahmud Shah II died in 1699, Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil became Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga and assumed the title Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah IV. His appointment was accepted by Johor chiefs based on an understanding that the Bendahara would succeed to the throne if the Sultan died without heirs.

1699–1720: Abdul Jalil Shah IV (Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil)
1722–1760: Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah
1760–1761: Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah
1761-1761: Ahmad Riayat Shah
1761–1770: Mahmud Shah III

Raja Bendahara of Pahang
By the early 19th century, the Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga empire had begun to break up. After 1806, the empire's constituent parts effectively became principalities, and the cultural unity that had hitherto existed between the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Riau-Lingga was gradually destroyed. The signing of Anglo-Dutch Treaty in 1824 further undermined the cohesion of the Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga empire and contributed to the emergence of Pahang and Johor as independent states. The Treaty confirmed, among other things, that the islands south of Singapore, including Java and Sumatra, were to remain the preserve of the Dutch, while the Peninsula would be within the British sphere of influence. The Malay Rulers were not consulted about the Treaty, and the Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga empire became irrevocably divided when a succession dispute gave rise to two centres of power, one in Riau-Lingga (under Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah, r. 1812–1832) and the other in Johor (under Hussein Shah, r.1819–1835).

From here, the Raja Bendahara of Pahang grew increasingly independent. While Bendahara Tun Ali had acknowledged Abdul Rahman as his overlord, the Anglo-Dutch Treaty confined the Sultan to Riau-Lingga, where he was deemed a vassal of the Dutch, and prevented him from exercising his control over the Malay Peninsula, which had come under the British. Bendahara Tun Ali declared his autonomy from the empire by 1853. He was able to maintain peace and stability during his reign, but his death in 1858 precipitated civil war among his sons, Tun Mutahir and Tun Ahmad, the result of which the formation of modern Pahang Sultanate.

1770–1802: Tun Abdul Majid
1802–1803: Tun Muhammad
1803–1806: Tun Koris
1806–1858: Tun Ali
1858–1863: Tun Mutahir
1863–1881: Tun Ahmad later proclaimed as Sultan

Sultan of Modern Pahang
1881–1914: Ahmad al-Mu’azzam Shah
1914–1917: Mahmud Shah
1917–1932: Abdullah al-Mu’tassim Billah Shah
1932–1974: Abu Bakar Ri’ayatuddin al-Mu’azzam Shah
1974–2019: Ahmad Shah Al-Musta’in Billah. Sultan Ahmad abdicated in ill health after Muhammad V of Kelantan abdicated as King of Malaysia on 6 January 2019, allowing his son to become Sultan of Pahang and thus King of Malaysia.
2019–present: Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah. Sultan Abdullah became King of Malaysia on 31 January 2019, shortly after he replaced his father as Sultan of Pahang on 15 January.

Family tree

See also
Pahang
Family tree of Malaysian monarchs

References

Bibliography

Pahang
History of Pahang
1470 establishments in Asia
1881 establishments in Asia
1880s establishments in British Malaya
People from the Federated Malay States
People from British Malaya
19th-century monarchs in Asia
20th-century Malaysian politicians


Lumino () is a hip-hop group from Mongolia founded in 1996. Their music is dance-friendly and often melodic, with frequent contributions by external vocalists. Like most Mongolian bands, they like to include elements of traditional Mongolian music in their songs.

The creation of the band was inspired by a person named Jason who worked as an English teacher in Mongolia in 1996 and 1997. Besides giving language lessons, he also introduced his students to hip-Hop music. Five of them then came together to form Lumino, but a few years after the formation of the band two of their members, Chinzo and Hülgüü, stopped performing with the band. At one point Lumino consisted of more than a dozen members, headed by Skitzo, including the main MCs Skitzo, MC, Chinzo, and Lizard and MCs from the groups Old School and Skitzo's Free Style.

Around 1999 the group went through a major restructuring and changed their strategy in terms of songs they were producing. They also cut their members to five. Previously known for their hardcore rap, Lumino also started to make softer songs for mainstream audiences, and the head of the band was replaced by MC. A number of songs such as  Zam and Hüniih were made into video clips and repeatedly played on TV, while the video for Namaig dagaad tseng was censored because of its too explicit imagery.

Discography
  (End garch irev, 2001)
  (Ireed butssan khair mini, 2002)
  (Gerelt khorvood, 2003)
  (Lamba guain nulims, 2005)
  (Khuuchin surguuli "Old school", 2007)

Members
 D. Temujin (MC) (The General of Mongolian HipHop)
 B. Bat-Khishig (Baji)
 D. Ankhbaatar (Skitzo) (a.k.a. CUTHBERTH)
 T. Zolbayar (Dj Zolo)

Video

 2000  “Бүтэлгүй хайр” Zaya’sh
 2000  “Баярлалаа,Ухаарлаа” Zaya’sh
 2001  “Энд гарч ирэв” Оны шилдэг клип Zaya’sh
 2002  “Зам” Zaya’sh
 2003  “Ирээд буцсан хайр минь” Zaya’sh
 2003  “Хэдэн үгс” Lemon production
 2003  “Наддаа ирээч” Zaya’sh
 2003  “Намайг дагаад цэнгэ!” Lemon production
 2003  “Гэрэлт хорвоод” Zaya’sh
 2004  “Эхнэртээ бичсэн захидал” Zaya’sh
 2004  “Хүнийх” Zaya’sh
 2004  “Хип хоп рыцаръ” Lemon production
 2004  “2 дахь хайр” Hero entertainment
 2004  “Хүслийн шөнө” Lu entertainment
 2005  “Freestyle” Lemon production
 2005  “Кармааны хулгайч” Hero entertainment
 2005  “Хайртай гэдгээ хэлээч” Cross studio
 2006  “Өвөл” G entertainment
 2006  “Тайван” Skin entertainment
 2006  “Надтай цуг баяс” Lu entertainment
 2006  “Уучил намайг” Zaya’sh
 2007  “7 эгшиг” Lu entertainment
 2007  “Бүжээрэй!” Lu entertainment
 2007  “Минийх” Lu entertainment
 2010  “Талархалын өдөр” TJ entertainment

Sources

Mongolian musical groups
Hip hop groups
Musical groups established in 1996


Kimberly Akimbo is a play written in 2000 by David Lindsay-Abaire. Its title character is a lonely teenage girl suffering from a disease similar to progeria, that causes her to age four and a half times as fast as normal, thus trapping her inside the frail physical body of an elderly woman.  She meets another misfit (a teenage boy) and the two form an attachment to one another that borders on attraction, but their situation is not helped by Kimberly's rapidly deteriorating health. Soon, Kimberly's family gets mixed up in some crazy money schemes, and the family is emotionally destroyed.

Plot
Act 1
The lights go up on Kimberly sitting and waiting for her father, who is late picking her up because of his drinking. He compensates by agreeing to take her to a burger joint for some food, where they meet Jeff, the nerdy kid behind the window, who asks if Kim can do an interview for his project. Buddy strongly refuses and drives away. The scene changes to Pattie, Kimberly's mom, talking to a sound recorder to her unborn child about her life and how she believes she's a 'good mother'. Later on, Kimberly calls Jeff and agrees to meet at the library later for the interview, as he is learning about progeria.

Characters
 Kimberly, a 16 year old girl, played by a woman in her 60s or 70s
 Buddy, a man in his mid-30s, Kimberly's dad
 Jeff, an awkward, unpopular 16 year old boy
 Pattie, a very pregnant woman in her mid-30s, Buddy's wife
 Debra, a woman in her early 30s, an ex-con, Pattie's sister

Historical casting

Productions
The play was initially produced at the South Coast Repertory, Costa Mesa, California, from April 13 to May 13, 2001. Directed by David Petrarca, the cast starred Marylouise Burke as Kimberly. Lindsay-Abaire received the Kesselring Prize in November 2001 for this production. The production received the LA Drama Critics Circle Award for Writing in 2001.

Kimberly Akimbo premiered Off-Broadway at the Manhattan Theatre Club New York City Center Stage 1 on February 4, 2003 and closed on April 6, 2003. Directed by David Petrarca, the cast featured Marylouise Burke (Kimberly), John Gallagher, Jr. (Jeff), Ana Gasteyer (Debra), Jodie Markell (Pattie), Jake Weber (Buddy) and Daniel Zaitchik (Jeff).

Kimberly Akimbo ran from January 21, 2005 through March 6, 2005 at TheaterWorks in Hartford, Connecticut, directed by Rob Ruggiero. The production starred Rosemary Prinz as Kimberly.

The show was presented in Chicago as a midwest premiere production at A Red Orchid Theatre in 2005.

Musical adaptation

A musical adaptation of the play premiered at Atlantic Theater Company in November 2021, with book and lyrics by Lindsay-Abaire and music by Jeanine Tesori. It was critically acclaimed, and won Best Musical prizes at the Drama Desk, Lucille Lortel, and Outer Critics Circle Awards. It began previews on Broadway on October 12, 2022 and opened on November 10 at the Booth Theatre. The show received eight 2023 Tony Award nominations, winning for best musical, book, score, leading actress, and supporting actress.

Awards and nominations

2003 Off-Broadway premiere

References

External links
Dramatists.com

2000 plays
Plays by David Lindsay-Abaire
Plays set in New Jersey


The Lumpy Money Project/Object is  a compilation album by Frank Zappa. Released posthumously on January 23, 2009 as Official Release #85, it compiles the releases Lumpy Gravy and We're Only in It for the Money with previously unreleased material, with the overall package serving as an audio documentary of the production of the two albums, which share conceptual continuity themes. It is project/object #2 in a series of 40th Anniversary FZ Audio Documentaries, following MOFO (2006).

Content

The first disc consists of the 1967 version of Lumpy Gravy, released by Capitol Records on 4-track cartridge to wholesalers and radio stations before MGM Records, Zappa's label at the time, forced Capitol to halt distribution of their version of the album, and the 1968 mono mix of We're Only in It for the Money. The second disc consists of two remixes prepared by Zappa in 1984, with overdubs by drummer Chad Wackerman and bassist Arthur Barrow. The Lumpy Gravy remix derives from the 1968 edit; this third version of the album had not been released in full; an excerpt appeared in a sampler for The Old Masters box set. The second remix, of We're Only in It for the Money had previously been released on compact disc in 1986. The third disc consists of studio assembly material and interviews with Zappa discussing the albums, as well as the single version of "Lonely Little Girl".

Track listing

Credits
All Music produced/composed & performed/conducted by Frank Zappa.
The Lumpy Money Project/Object Compiled & Produced by Gail Zappa & Joe Travers
Liner notes: David Fricke
Conceptual & Continuous Stuff & Text: Gail Zappa
Production Manager: Melanie Starks
Solar Dominance: Jupiter
Cover Art, Package Design & Layout: Michael Mesker
FZ Portrait Photo: Linda McCartney
Mastering & Audio Restoration engineer, Discs One and Three: John Polito
Mastering, Disc Two: Bernie Grundman

References

Frank Zappa compilation albums
2009 compilation albums
Zappa Records albums
Compilation albums published posthumously


Alana Kathryn Dillette (born December 2, 1987) is an academic and Olympic swimmer from The Bahamas.

Dillette swam for the Bahamas at the 2008 Summer Olympics, as well as at the 2007 Pan American Games. She attended and swam for the USA's Auburn University.

At the 2007 Pan American Games she was part of the bronze medal winning women's 4 × 100 m medley relay alongside Alicia Lightbourne, Arianna Vanderpool-Wallace and Nikia Deveaux.

Dillette majored in travel and tourism and as of 2022 is Assistant Professor in the L. Robert Payne School of Hospitality and Tourism Management at San Diego State University. Her research interests include the Black Travel Movement.

See also
Swimming at the 2007 Pan American Games
List of Bahamian records in swimming

References

External links

1987 births
Sportspeople from Peterborough, Ontario
Auburn Tigers women's swimmers
Bahamian female swimmers
Bahamian people of Canadian descent
Black Canadian sportspeople
Canadian female medley swimmers
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic swimmers for the Bahamas
Swimmers at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for the Bahamas
Swimmers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the Bahamas
Living people
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for the Bahamas
Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for the Bahamas
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Black Canadian sportswomen


The 1974 Australian Touring Car Championship was the 15th running of the Australian Touring Car Championship. It began at Symmons Plains on 4 March 1974 and ended at Adelaide International Raceway on 9 June after eight rounds. The championship was won by Peter Brock, driving for the Marlboro Holden Dealer Team in a Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1 and a Holden LH Torana SL/R 5000.

Drivers
The following drivers competed in the 1974 Australian Touring Car Championship.

Calendar
The 1974 Australian Touring Car Championship consisted of seven rounds.

Drivers Championship
Points were awarded 4-3-2-1 for the first four race positions, and then 9-6-4-3-2-1 for the top 6 of each class.

Round 5 consisted of two separate races, one for over 3 litre cars and one for under 3 litre cars.

References

Australian Touring Car Championship seasons
Touring Cars


Shiladesh is a ravi in Himachal Pradesh, India, approximately 140 km (87 mi) from the state capital, Shimla.

References

Valleys of Himachal Pradesh


The spikefishes (family Triacanthodidae) are ray-finned fishes related to the pufferfishes and triggerfishes. They live in deep waters; more than , but above the continental shelves. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and the west-central Pacific.

The spikefishes are quite variable in form, with some species having tubular snouts (greatly elongated in Halimochirurgus and Macrorhamphosodes), and others have spoon-like teeth for scraping the scales off other fishes. Depending on the exact species involved, they reach a maximum length of about .

While spikefish are shaped in a wide variety of different colors, sizes, and shapes, they can characterized by their similarities of having a dense body with relatively thick skin, a large amount of tiny yet spiky scales, two dorsal fins of which the first contains six spines and twelve to eighteen soft spines along the second, a rounded caudal fin, small and terminal mouth with at least 10 average sized conical teeth.

References

Tetraodontiformes
Taxa named by Theodore Gill


Ohio Central Railroad may refer to:
Ohio Central Railroad System, acquired by Genesee and Wyoming in 2008
Ohio Central Railroad (1988), one part of the system, operating a former Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway line between Warwick and Zanesville
Ohio Central Railroad (1879–1885), predecessor of the New York Central Railroad
Central Ohio Railroad (1847–1915), predecessor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad


Martyn Forde is an Olympic-swimmer from Barbados. He swam for Barbados at the 2008 Olympics and the 2007 World Championships.

He holds the Barbadian Records in the short-course 50 and 100 freestyles.

External links
 Forde's bio from the 2008 Olympics website.
Forde's bio on www.sports-reference.com
Bajan to swim in Beijing. CBC.bb; retrieved 2009-06-12.

1985 births
Living people
Canadian people of Barbadian descent
Barbadian male swimmers
Canadian male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Barbados
Swimmers from Toronto
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Barbados
Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games
University of Toronto alumni
Black Canadian sportspeople


Annette Hagre Johannesson, born 1951, is a Swedish ten-pin bowler.

Annette won the Bowling World Cup in Copenhagen, Denmark and the Fédération Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) World Masters title on the same year in 1987. The World Bowling Writers association named her 1987 Female bowler of the Year.

Some months before the World Cup tournament, Hagre had endured a long and difficult operation to remove a ganglion in her bowling wrist. She didn't begin practicing until about a month before Copenhagen, but still managed to lead the field at Rodovre Bowling Center every day but one, with a 200-plus average. Soon after her 1987 victories, Johannesson retired to concentrate on her family and her career.

Coming out of retirement in 1989, she won the 1989 FIQ Euro Zone Masters title. She was elected to the WBW International Bowling Hall of Fame in 1993.

References

1951 births
Living people
Swedish ten-pin bowling players


Jerold Charles Hoffberger (April 7, 1919 – April 9, 1999) was an American businessman. He was president of the National Brewing Company from 1946 to 1973.  He was also part-owner of the Baltimore Orioles of the American League from 1954 to 1965, and majority owner from 1965 to 1979.

Biography
Hoffberger was a lifelong resident of Baltimore, Maryland, and was Jewish. He was the only son of his father Samuel, a lawyer who was active in the Democratic Party and a major shareholder and board chairman of National Brewing. His grandfather Charles had been a local merchant who sold wood, coal and ice. Hoffberger attended the University of Virginia. During World War II, he served in the United States Army with the 1st Armored Division in Africa, France and Italy, where he was wounded near Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome.  Jerold Hoffberger was also involved in the Battle of Monte Cassino.

Business career
The year after the war ended, he was appointed president of the brewery by his father after the death of his predecessor, Arthur Deute. Under the younger Hoffberger's command, National's sales rose from 230,000 barrels in 1946 to two million in 1966.

Baltimore Orioles
In 1953, when the St. Louis Browns of baseball's American League wanted to move to Baltimore, the nearby Washington Senators, led by Clark Griffith, objected to the potential encroachment on their market. Hoffberger helped ease the way for the move by making his National Bohemian beer a Senators sponsor. When Browns owner Bill Veeck was all but forced to sell the team, Hoffberger and attorney Clarence Miles put together a syndicate that bought the team for $2.5 million and moved it to Baltimore as the Orioles.

Hoffberger was the largest single shareholder in the Orioles, but was initially a silent partner with Miles (1954–1955), James Keelty (1955–1960) and Joe Iglehart (1960–1965). During this time, however, he bought more and more stock until he acquired controlling interest in 1965. He immediately brought in Frank Cashen, National's advertising director, as executive vice president. Under the direction of Cashen and general manager Harry Dalton, the Orioles won four AL pennants and two World Series from 1966 to 1971.

Even though the Orioles were a success on the diamond, the team struggled financially because of lagging attendance. Looking to sell his ballclub and brewery, Hoffberger engaged in talks for three months with the Labatt Brewing Company which was attempting to attract a major-league franchise to move to Toronto. Negotiations ended when the National and Carling Brewing Companies agreed to a merger on October 14, 1975. A result of the consolidation was Hoffberger becoming chairman and chief executive officer of the newly formed Carling National Breweries, Inc. He retained ownership of the Orioles which wasn't included in the transaction, but couldn't sell it without company approval.

Hoffberger cast the lone dissenting ballot when the American League club owners voted to award the Toronto expansion franchise to an investment group led by Labatt's. He had arranged the only other competing bid which was fronted by Atlantic Packaging Company chairman of the board Phil Granovsky and had the potential financial support from Carling's advertising money, but the attempt wasn't successful due to the Labatt's group having nearly purchased the San Francisco Giants with the intention of transferring it to Toronto. Hoffberger stated, "It was just not in the best interests of my company for Labatt’s to get the franchise."

He was a 1996 honoree into the Orioles Hall of Fame, inducted with Cal Ripken, Sr. and Billy Hunter. 400 showed up at the luncheon at the Sheraton Inner Harbor Hotel.

When Baltimore Oriole star Frank Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982, he made reference to Hoffberger. He said that after a game, Hoffberger "wouldn't come over and slap you on the back and say nice game-winning home run, nice double, nice play or whatever. The first words out of his mouth were: 'How are you? How's your family? Is there anything I can do for you?'."

Hoffberger sold his controlling interest in the Orioles to Edward Bennett Williams for $12 million on August 2, 1979, with the transaction being approved unanimously by American League team owners  weeks later on October 22. The Orioles in his final year of ownership fell one victory short of winning the 1979 World Series, set a new franchise season attendance record and earned a $1.5 million profit.

Later life
Hoffberger was known for his charitable contributions, which included assistance to Johns Hopkins Hospital, the University of Maryland and Goucher College. Town & Country magazine estimated in 1983 that he had donated more than $10 million to charities.

in the early 1970s, Hoffberger purchased a farm near Woodbine called Sunset Hill Farm (formerly Helmore Farm) in Howard County, Maryland where he bred Thoroughbred horses for racing. While primarily a breeder, he did race horses on his own, notably winning the 1984 Razorback Handicap at Oaklawn Park Race Track.

Hoffberger died at Sinai Hospital in Baltimore, two days after his 80th birthday.

Notes

References
 Beard, Gordon. Birds on the Wing. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1967.
 Sullam, Brian. "Hoffberger 'disappointed'", The Baltimore Sun, Wednesday, December 7, 1988.

External links

1919 births
1999 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Major League Baseball executives
Baltimore Orioles owners
American racehorse owners and breeders
University of Virginia alumni
Businesspeople from Baltimore
American brewers
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) executives
People from Woodbine, Maryland
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American Jews


The NIST hash function competition was an open competition held by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop a new hash function called SHA-3 to complement the older SHA-1 and SHA-2. The competition was formally announced in the Federal Register on November 2, 2007. "NIST is initiating an effort to develop one or more additional hash algorithms through a public competition, similar to the development process for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)." The competition ended on October 2, 2012, when NIST announced that Keccak would be the new SHA-3 hash algorithm.

The winning hash function has been published as NIST FIPS 202 the "SHA-3 Standard", to complement FIPS 180-4, the Secure Hash Standard.

The NIST competition has inspired other competitions such as the Password Hashing Competition.

Process
Submissions were due October 31, 2008 and the list of candidates accepted for the first round was published on December 9, 2008. NIST held a conference in late February 2009 where submitters presented their algorithms and NIST officials discussed criteria for narrowing down the field of candidates for Round 2. The list of 14 candidates accepted to Round 2 was published on July 24, 2009. Another conference was held on August 23–24, 2010 (after CRYPTO 2010) at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where the second-round candidates were discussed. The announcement of the final round candidates occurred on December 10, 2010. On October 2, 2012, NIST announced its winner, choosing Keccak, created by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, and Gilles Van Assche of STMicroelectronics and Michaël Peeters of NXP.

Entrants
This is an incomplete list of known submissions.
NIST selected 51 entries for round 1. 14 of them advanced to round 2, from which 5 finalists were selected.

Winner
The winner was announced to be Keccak on October 2, 2012.

Finalists
NIST selected five SHA-3 candidate algorithms to advance to the third (and final) round:
BLAKE (Aumasson et al.)
Grøstl (Knudsen et al.)
JH (Hongjun Wu)
Keccak (Keccak team, Daemen et al.)
Skein (Schneier et al.)

NIST noted some factors that figured into its selection as it announced the finalists:

Performance: "A couple of algorithms were wounded or eliminated by very large [hardware gate] area requirement – it seemed that the area they required precluded their use in too much of the potential application space."
Security: "We preferred to be conservative about security, and in some cases did not select algorithms with exceptional performance, largely because something about them made us 'nervous,' even though we knew of no clear attack against the full algorithm."
Analysis: "NIST eliminated several algorithms because of the extent of their second-round tweaks or because of a relative lack of reported cryptanalysis – either tended to create the suspicion that the design might not yet be fully tested and mature."
Diversity: The finalists included hashes based on different modes of operation, including the HAIFA and sponge function constructions, and with different internal structures, including ones based on AES, bitslicing, and alternating XOR with addition.

NIST has released a report explaining its evaluation algorithm-by-algorithm.

Did not pass to final round
The following hash function submissions were accepted for round two, but did not make it to the final round. As noted in the announcement of the finalists, "none of these candidates was clearly broken".

Blue Midnight Wish
CubeHash (Bernstein)
ECHO (France Telecom)
Fugue (IBM)
Hamsi
Luffa
Shabal
SHAvite-3
SIMD

Did not pass to round two
The following hash function submissions were accepted for round one but did not pass to round two. They have neither been conceded by the submitters nor have had substantial cryptographic weaknesses. However, most of them have some weaknesses in the design components, or performance issues.

ARIRANG (CIST – Korea University)
CHI
CRUNCH
FSB
Lane
Lesamnta
MD6 (Rivest et al.)
SANDstorm (Sandia National Laboratories)
Sarmal
SWIFFTX
TIB3

Entrants with substantial weaknesses
The following non-conceded round one entrants have had substantial cryptographic weaknesses announced:

AURORA (Sony and Nagoya University)
Blender
Cheetah
Dynamic SHA
Dynamic SHA2
ECOH
Edon-R
EnRUPT
ESSENCE
LUX
MCSSHA-3
NaSHA
Sgàil
Spectral Hash
Twister
Vortex

Conceded entrants
The following round one entrants have been officially retracted from the competition by their submitters; they are considered broken according to the NIST official round one candidates web site. As such, they are withdrawn from the competition.

Abacus
Boole
DCH
Khichidi-1
MeshHash
SHAMATA
StreamHash
Tangle
WaMM
Waterfall

Rejected entrants
Several submissions received by NIST were not accepted as first-round candidates, following an internal review by NIST. In general, NIST gave no details as to why each was rejected. NIST also has not given a comprehensive list of rejected algorithms; there are known to be 13, but only the following are public.

HASH 2X
Maraca
MIXIT
NKS 2D
Ponic
ZK-Crypt

See also

Advanced Encryption Standard process
CAESAR Competition – Competition to design authenticated encryption schemes
Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization

References

External links
NIST website for competition
Official list of second round candidates
Official list of first round candidates
SHA-3 Zoo
Classification of the SHA-3 Candidates
Hash Function Lounge
VHDL source code developed by the Cryptographic Engineering Research Group (CERG) at George Mason University
FIPS 202 – The SHA-3 Standard

Cryptographic hash functions
Cryptography contests
National Institute of Standards and Technology


Barbados–Guyana relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Barbados and Guyana.  The former maintains non-resident diplomatic representation from Bridgetown, while Guyana which prior had a High Commissioner to Barbados appointed its first resident Consul-General, Michael Brotherson to Bridgetown in January 2012.

General aspects
The relations between Guyana and Barbados began while both were part of the British Empire.  Shortly after Great Britain secured (then British Guiana) from the Dutch, waves of migrants were encouraged to move and settle the new expansive area. Barbados was one such location where large numbers of migrants came from.  Through time Barbados and Guyana have both supported each other. With the move towards independence in the region, Guyana was seen as the breadbasket of the wider-Caribbean which led to yet more waves of Barbadians seeking to move to Guyana for better opportunities.

In 1991 Barbados and the Co-Operative Republic of Guyana attempted moves towards forming a tri-state confederation consisting of Barbados, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. The now late former Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, Patrick Manning pitched the initiative for the tri-state area to enter into some form of political union or political association.  This initiative was short lived and did not proceed following the Democratic Labour Party's defeat during the 1994 elections.

Relations became rocky due to immigration. Things became contentious for Guyanese persons to Barbados. The two nations continue their cooperation through the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and work towards building and maintaining good relations between their nationals. In 2012 the Consul-General of Guyana to Bridgetown remarked that immigration matters between Guyana and Barbados had substantially improved with no complaints since being attributed to Bridgetown.

More recently the Guyanese Government has extended an offer to Barbadians. The Guyanese government has offered to put in place an economically favourable regime towards any Barbadians that wish to relocate to Guyana and contribute towards that nation's goals in agricultural investment. The announcement was made in the final days of the Owen Arthur administration by MP member Mia Motley.

In 2004 both nations signed treaties to cooperate in the portion of overlapping international maritime boundary.

In 2007 both nations formed the Barbados-Guyana Joint Commission, which was held in Guyana for its inaugural meeting. The third meeting of the Joint Commission met in Georgetown in May 2015.

In 2013, trade between both nations was placed at US$25 million by the Consul-General of Guyana. both nations also explored an initiative of twinning in the hospitality and tourism sector as well as an arrangement for joint collaboration in the overlapping maritime EEZ between both nations.

In 2016 Guyanese President, Granger presented Barbadian Prime Minister, Freundel Stuart with the second highest award of Guyana, the Order of Roraima.

Sports
Both countries are part of the multi-national West Indies cricket team, with several players from both countries representing the board.

People
 Eddy Grant, a musician charged with creating the genre of Ringbang in Barbados.
 Lionel Luckhoo, served concurrently as a joint High Commissioner of both Guyana and Barbados to the United Kingdom (1967 to 1970)
 Dr. Samuel Rudolph Insanally, CCH Guyana's High Commissioner to Barbados (1982 to 1986)
 Rihanna, international pop star born in Barbados of partial Guyanese parentage.

Notes

References
 Rupturing an old friendship, By Rawle Lucas (10 July 2009), Stabroek News Guyana
 Barbados Foreign Minister lauds Guyana – says country has a bright future, (22 October 2013), Guyana Chronicle

See also

Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Union of South American Nations (USAN)

External links
Guyanese Association of Barbados Inc. (GABI)
British Guiana Colonists, A registry of early immigrations to British Guiana

Guyana
Bilateral relations of Guyana
Guyana
Guyana and the Commonwealth of Nations


The Ohio Central Railroad  is a part of the Ohio Central Railroad System, operating a former Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway line between Warwick and Zanesville, Ohio, United States. Operations began in 1988. It has several connections with tracks on which CSX has trackage rights.

The company was acquired by Genesee & Wyoming in 2008 as part of its purchase of the Ohio Central Railroad System.

Gallery

References

External links

Ohio railroads
Genesee & Wyoming
Spin-offs of the Norfolk Southern Railway
1988 establishments in Ohio


Mária Balážová (born 31 August 1956) is a contemporary Slovak artist. Her practise as an artist is usually associated with new geometry, post-geometry and postmodern.

Life and work
Balážová studied at the Academy of Muse Arts, Bratislava and Magister of Arts degree received in 1984. Since 1997, Balážová is also known as a teacher at the University of Trnava. Her husband is Blažej Baláž, Slovak painter.

Immediately at the beginning, Mária Balážová, created her own „personal mythology“, emphasizing a snake motif in the geometrically stylised form of a cobra. This animal, which occupies an important position in world mythologies and religions, became the main motif of cycles of paintings, to which the artist gave the name Serpent Geometry. Balážová distinguished herself from classic Neo-Constructivism, outlined on subjectless combinations of shapes and colours, put together into geometric structures. Art theorists appreciate the „new significance“ she achieved by creating radically reductive forms (Jiří Valoch, 2002). "

In her latest works, fear of violence, power and hegemony are projected in the intimate family background, where the dominant men´s element is systematically planned in the painting area and it culminates in the series of drawings and paintings called Domestic Violence. A distinctly expressive handwriting used in some places refers very straightforwardly to Balážová´s personal story and moves the general criticism of an androcentric society to a more intimate position. Here, the key role is played by the figure of a despotic father who permanently and demonically comes back in acrylic canvases and large-format drawings – destructively and aggressively . In the latest works, Mária Balážová bet on a straightforward expression of her personal story associated with a therapeutic character. This approach in her works represents a new dimension not only for her herself, but also for geometric painting in general. (Roman Gajdoš)

Her works are held in the collections of Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava, National Gallery, Prague (CZ), Wannieck Gallery Brno (CZ), Jan Koniarek Gallery , Trnava.

The artist has been a member of the revived Club of Concrete Artists 2 and the artist's group East of Eden. She lives and works in Trnava.

Awards
 1990 Honorable Mention, Drawing 1990, Provo (USA)
 1995 Prize of Masaryk's Academy, Prague (CZ)
 2019 Honorary Mention Award, International Drawing Biennale India 2018-19, New Delhi (India)

Selected solo exhibitions
 Maria Balazova, Jan Koniarek Gallery, Trnava, 26 June  – 30 July 1991 (catalogue)
 Maria Balazova, Gallery Arpex, Bratislava, 28 January  – 17 February 1993
 Serpent Geometry, Cyprian Majernik Gallery, Bratislava, 19 April  – 8 May 1995
 Serpent Geometry 2, Jan Koniarek Gallery, Trnava, 23 May  – 23 June 1996 (catalogue)
 Dozen 1988-2000, The Central Slovakian Gallery, Banská Bystrica, 5 May  – 30 June 2000
 Dozen 1988-2000, The East Slovak Gallery, Košice, 14 September  – 15 October 2000
 Nadowessioux, Bratislava City Gallery, 1 February – 11 March 2001
 Mária and Blažej Baláž : The Discreet Charm of the Painting , House of Art, Česke Budějovice, 27 March – 21 April 2002, Czech Republic
 Alphabet, Jan Koniarek Gallery, Trnava, 9 September – 24 October 2004 (catalogue)
 New significance, Nitra Gallery, Nitra, 28 June – 23 July 2007
 Mária Balážová : Post-Geo, Liptov Gallery, Liptovský Mikuláš, 10 February – 9 April 2011
 Mária Balážová-Blažej Baláž : Post-Geo-Text, Slowakisches Institut, Berlin, 14 April – 30 May 2011, Germany
 Mária Balážová : Male and Female Pictures, Gallery of Art, Nové Zámky, 7 February – 16 March 2013
 Mária Balážová – From Order to Chaos, Martin, Turiec Gallery, 11 September - 2 November 2014
 Mária Balážová – Female Geometry, Bratislava, Gallery Z, 2 September - 9 October 2016
 Mária Balážová – Geo-Femina,The Central Slovakian Gallery, Banská Bystrica, 18 May  – 27 June 2017
 Mária Balážová – Under the Skirt,The Museum of Art, Žilina, 19 October  – 19 November 2017
 Mária Balážová – Women´s Tread, Jan Koniarek Gallery, Trnava,  12 September  – 27 October 2019

Selected group exhibitions
Interplays, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic, 1987
Art Basel 20´89, Basel, Switzerland, 1989
Drawing 1990, Provo, Utah, USA, 1990
Vth International Drawing Triennale, Wrocław, Poland, 1992
Fibre, Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava, Slovakia, 1994
1st International Triennial of Graphic Arts, Sofia, Bulgaria, 1995
BRIDGing, Esztergom, Duna Múzeum, Hungary, 1997
Club of Concretists, Bratislava, Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava, Slovakia, 1999
Neo-Constructivism in Slovak Art, Jan Koniarek Gallery, Trnava, Slovakia, 2000
Eine kurze Geschichte zur Malerei, Leverkusen, Germany, 2001
Slovak Contemporary Art, Prague, Gallery Art Factory, Czech Republic, 2002
Slovak Contemporary Art, Kraków, International Cultural Centre, Poland, 2004
Draught / Contemporary Slovak Painting 2000–2005, Prague, City Gallery, Czech Republic, 2006
Allied... , National Gallery, Prague, Czech Republic, 2006
Contemporary Slovak Art 1960–2000, National Museum of Contemporary Art (Romania), Bucharest, Romania, 2007
1960 – present / The Slovak Art, Prague, City Gallery, Czech Republic, 2008
Borders of Geometry, Bratislava, House of Art Bratislava, Slovakia, 2010
After Hours : Phase 2 / Artists from Slovakia, Santa Ana, Orange County Center for Contemporary Art, USA, 2010
Daisies and clones, Bratislava, Slovak National Gallery, Slovakia, 2011
ObraSKov/ Contemporary Slovak Painting, Brno, Wannieck Gallery, Czech Republic, 2011
IV New Zlín Sallon, Zlín, Regional Gallery of Fine Arts, Czech Republic, 2011
VIII International Biennial of Drawing Plzeň 2012, Plzeň, Czech Republic, 2012
IX International Biennial of Drawing Plzeň 2014, Plzeň, Czech Republic, 2014
3rd International Salon Graphics, Kraljevo (RS), 2015
Here and Now, Budapest, Kunsthalle (HU), 2015
5th International Drawing Triennale, Tallinn, Kunsthalle (EE), 2015
4th International Salon Graphics, Kraljevo (RS), 2016
Osten Biennial of Drawing Skopje 2016, Osten Drawing, Skopje (MK), 2016
Socially alive, Bratislava, Slovak Union of Visual Arts, 2016
Sew Long! Fashion in Slovakia 1945–1989, Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava, Slovakia, 2017
Contemporary European Geometrically Tendencies, Slovak Union of Visual Arts, Bratislava, Slovakia, 2018
Hommage à Peter Vajda, Prague, Museum Kampa – The Jan a Meda Mládek Foundation, Czech Republic, 2018
International Drawing Biennale India 2018–19, New Delhi India, 2019

Works
 Archetyp (1988) : Collection of Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava
 Pose VII (1989)
 Rocket Man 1 (1989)
 Lexicon 1 (1990)
 Flowing 6 (1993) : Collection of Jan Koniarek Gallery, Trnava
 Serpent Geometry 2 (1994) : Collection of Jan Koniarek Gallery, Trnava
 Serpent Geometry 3 (1994)
 Serpent Geometry 5 (1996)
 Serpent Geometry 15 – Church (1998)
 Serpent Geometry 33 – Fatum (2000/01)
 Serpent Geometry 40 – Alphabet 3 (2002) : Collection of National Gallery, Prague
 Serpent Geometry 43 (2004)
 Serpent Geometry 49 - Portrait  (2005/06) : Collection of Wannieck Gallery Brno
 Serpent Geometry – Shoot (2005)
 Serpent Geometry 70 – History (2005/07)
 Chaos 1 (2006/09)
 Domestic Violence 5 (2019)
 Domestic Violence 6 (2019)
 Domestic Violence 8 (2019)

Books and Catalogues
 BALGAVÁ, B. - ORAVCOVÁ, J. - VALOCH, J. 1997. Mária Balážová. Trnava : Ján Koniarek Gallery, 32 p.
 VALOCH, J. 2002. Mária Balážová / Serpent Geometry 1997-2002. Trnava : Trnava University, 12 p.
 BESKID, V. - VALOCH, J. - GAJDOŠ, R. 2009. Mária Balážová / 1985-2009. Trnava : Typi Universitatis Tyrnaviensis, (English – Slovak, colour), 111 p.

References

Further reading
 BESKID, V. 1998. 6 Slovak contemporary painters. Košice : V. Löffler Museum, 24 p.
 ORIŠKOVÁ, M. 1999. Abstract art. In GERŽOVÁ, J. 1999 (ed). Dictionary of World and Slovak Fine Art in the 2nd half of the 20th century Bratislava : Kruh súčasného umenia Profil, p. 16
 BESKID, V. 1999. New geometry. In GERŽOVÁ, J. 1999 (ed). Dictionary of World and Slovak Fine Art in the 2nd half of the 20th century. Bratislava : Kruh súčasného umenia Profil, p. 201
 BARTOŠOVÁ, Z. 1999. Mária Balážová. In Contemporary Slovak Art. Bratislava : Rabbit and Solution, p. 6
 VALOCH, J. 2001. In-between Pure Geometry and Semantics. In Ateliér, vol.14, no.6, p. 9 (CZ)
 BÖHMEROVÁ, Z. – JANČÁR, I. 2007. Slovak Graphics of the 20th Century. Bratislava : Municipal Gallery, 2007, p. 267, 314
  BARTOŠOVÁ, Z. 2007. 20th Century. In Art in Slovakia / Summary History of Pictures. Bratislava : Slovart, p. 224, 225
 TOMÁŠOVÁ, I. 2007. New significance. In Vlna, vol. IX, no.32, p. 90 - 91. Bratislava : Občianske združenie Vlna
 BELOHRADSKÁ, Ľ. – TROJANOVÁ, E. 2009. Borders of Geometry. Bratislava : PETUM, 429 p. (English – Slovak, colour)
 KNÍŽÁK, M. – VLČEK, T. (eds.). 2009. 909 / Art from the Turn of the Millennium in the National Gallery in Prague 1990 - 2009. Prague - National Gallery, p. 147, 362
 GERŽOVÁ, J. 2009. Talks about Painting. Bratislava : Slovart, VŠVU Bratislava, p. 232 - 247
 BESKID, V. 2012. The image of painting in the „Picture du nouveau“. In ObraSKovo nanovo / Contemporary Slovak Painting. Poprad : Tatranská  Gallery, p. 15
 GUILLAUME, M. 2013. Male and Female Images. In Ateliér, vol. 26, no.6, 21.3.2013, p. 8 (CZ)
 GUILLAUME, M. 2013. Mária Balážová – Personal Geometry. In Ostium, vol. 9, no.4/2013

External links
 http://www.bbalaz.sk/
 http://www.artfacts.net/en/artist/maria-balazova-148595/profile.html
 http://www.kunstaspekte.de/index.php
 http://www.artgallery.sk
 http://www.osobnosti.sk/index.php?os=zivotopis&ID=59281&mainkat=4
 :sk:Mária Balážová
 https://web.archive.org/web/20081014100026/http://pdfweb.truni.sk/fak/katedry/kpvu/mbalazova/index.html
 http://www.nitrianskagaleria.sk/index.php?cmd=vys_det&id=387
 https://www.gjk.sk/en/exhibition/archive-of-expositions/2019/maria-balazova-womans-tread/

1956 births
Living people
People from Trnava
Abstract artists
Slovak contemporary artists
Concrete art
Contemporary painters
20th-century women artists
Slovak women painters
Slovak painters


The SM-68 Titan (individual variants later designated HGM-25 Titan I and LGM-25 Titan II) was the designation of two intercontinental ballistic missiles developed for the United States Air Force. The Titan I and Titan II missiles were operational between 1962 and 1987 during the Cold War. These missiles, particularly the Titan II, were the basis of the Titan family of space launch vehicles.

Titan was originally built as a backup to the SM-65 Atlas. The Titan I used RP-1 and liquid oxygen propellants and required around fifteen minutes to load the rocket and raise it to a launch position. The more powerful Titan II used nitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine, allowing it to be stored with propellant loaded, giving it a much shorter response time.

Titan I

The Titan I was the first version of the Titan family of rockets. It began as a backup ICBM project in case the Atlas was delayed. It was a two-stage rocket propelled by RP-1 and liquid oxygen. Using RP-1 and LOX meant that the Titan I did not have a quick launch sequence. It took about fifteen minutes to load LOX on the first missile at a complex, raise it topside and launch it, with two other missiles following at about eight-minute intervals. Titan I was operational from early 1962 to mid-1965.

Several US Air Force units operated the Titan I:
 568th Strategic Missile Squadron, Larson AFB, Moses Lake, Washington
 569th Strategic Missile Squadron, Mountain Home AFB, Mt Home, Idaho
 851st Strategic Missile Squadron, Beale AFB, Marysville, California
 850th Strategic Missile Squadron, Ellsworth AFB, Rapid City, South Dakota
 451st Strategic Missile Wing (formerly 703rd) Lowry AFB, Denver, Colorado

Titan II

Most Titan rockets were the Titan II, which could carry a W-53 nuclear warhead with a nine megaton yield, making it the most powerful ICBM on-standby in the US nuclear arsenal. These were deployed in three squadrons of 18 missiles each, in Arizona, Kansas, and Arkansas. All of the ICBM Titan II missile sites have been decommissioned since the retirement of the Titan II as an ICBM in 1987, but the Titan Missile Museum on Interstate 19 south of Tucson, Arizona, has preserved one deactivated launch site. The Titan II was a two-stage ICBM that was used by the US Air Force from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. The Titan II used a hypergolic combination of nitrogen tetroxide and hydrazine for propellant. In addition to its use as an ICBM, twelve Titan II missiles were converted to launch Gemini spacecraft for NASA, ten of which were manned. Following retirement, a further thirteen were converted to the Titan 23G configuration, and used to launch satellites, and the Clementine Lunar probe. The last Titan II launch occurred in 2003.

See also
Titan III
Titan IIIB
Titan 34D
Titan IV

References

Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the United States
Cold War nuclear missiles of the United States


MEED, formerly Middle East Economic Digest, is a media publishing company founded in 1957 focused on economic and business news related to the Middle East. MEED also provides advertising and marketing services.

History

The first issue of Middle East Economic Digest (MEED) was published on March 8th 1957.

MEED's founder and driving force for the next two decades was Elizabeth Collard, a champion of Arab causes who was to become an adviser to UK Prime Minister Harold Wilson on Middle East affairs and a friend of Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and King Hussein of Jordan. She also helped to establish the Council for the Advancement of Arab British Understanding (CAABU).

With two part-time secretarial assistants, MEED was produced on a hand-cranked Ronco printing machine. Every Friday evening, friends and relatives would help staple and stuff envelopes with the 12-page newsletter. Lacking any editorial resources, the Middle East Economic Digest was a compilation from newspapers and other reports. Newspapers were flown in weekly from Cairo and Beirut, translated and condensed.

By the time MEED was acquired by Emap in 1986, it had a staff of 20 full-time journalists and 12 researchers and newsroom assistants to cover Middle Eastern business and project news. In 2006 Emap Middle East also acquired business website AME Info.

In March 2012, the owning company rebranded as Top Right Group, but retained the Emap name for its magazine's operation, which at the time accounted for around 18% of the group's turnover. In October 2015 Top Right Group announced it was scrapping the Emap brand and would stop producing print editions, and that over the next 12–18 months all titles would become digital-only. In December 2015 Top Right Group rebranded as Ascential, who in January 2017 announced its intention to sell 13 titles including MEED; the 13 "heritage titles" were to be "hived off into a separate business while buyers [were] sought".

On 8 December 2017, MEED was purchased from Ascential in a $17.5m cash deal by GlobalData, the London-listed company formerly known as Progressive Digital Media.

Current business activities

MEED Magazine

MEED publishes a business-to-business magazine for subscribers every Friday featuring news, analysis and commentary, features and interviews and a weekly special report. Circulation, according to a 2009 audit by ABC (Audit Bureau of Circulations UK), was 6'338.

MEED was launched in 1957. When Rafiq Hariri drew up plans to rebuild a war-shattered Lebanon, MEED met the prime minister and asked him to explain them. When Colonel Gaddafi unveiled the first part of his Great Manmade River, MEED took a front-row seat at the ceremony and quizzed the engineers. While US tanks were still rolling towards Baghdad in March 2003, MEED obtained plans from Washington that described how the US was hoping to rebuild the country. Three months before going public, MEED revealed DP World's IPO plans. Abdalla el-Badri announced Opec's potential move from US dollar to euro pricing to MEED. MEED broke news of Saudi Arabia moving ahead with plans for a Mile-High Tower in Jeddah – which would make it the tallest tower in the world – and Nakheel's plans to create a tower over one kilometre high (then called Nakheel Tower, later announced as Dubai's Harbour Tower) to trump Emaar's Burj Khalifa.

MEED is used as a source of Middle East information by the US and British government's – Energy Information Administration, United States Congress and the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

The dedication made by Abdullah II of Jordan in 2007 demonstrates MEED's positive contribution to the Middle East for over 50 years. "The celebration of this milestone is a testament to the distinguished insight into the region MEED has provided to its readers for five decades. Your acuity has recorded the region's diversity and potential, not just its challenges and crises."

References

External links
MEED.com
MEED Projects website

Mass media companies of the United Arab Emirates
Ascential
Magazines established in 1957
Business magazines
1957 establishments in the United Kingdom
Weekly magazines
Mass media in Dubai


Gloria Gwynne Gilford (born July 27, 1946) is an American psychotherapist and former actress. She appeared in several television series in the 1970s and 1980s, including A New Kind of Family, The Young Lawyers and The Waverly Wonders, and had roles in the films Beware! The Blob (1972), Satan's School for Girls (1973), Ruby and Oswald (1978), Fade to Black (1980), Kate's Secret (1986) and Masters of the Universe (1987).

Gilford is the daughter of actress Anne Gwynne (born Marguerite Gwynne Trice) and entertainment lawyer Max M. Gilford. According to Gilford, her mother would not allow her to act in film as a child.

Gilford studied at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and in New York. She played Abby Stone, a divorcée and head of the household, in the 1979 comedy A New Kind of Family.

She is married to actor Robert Pine. They are the parents of the actor Chris Pine and Katherine Pine. After retiring from acting, she and Katherine studied to become practicing psychotherapists.

References

External links

20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American film actresses
American television actresses
American psychotherapists
Living people
21st-century American women
1946 births
Pine family


The Premio Roma is a Group 2 flat horse race in Italy open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Capannelle over a distance 2,000 metres (about 1¼ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in November.

History
The event was established in 1911, and it was originally contested over 2,700 metres. The inaugural running had prize money of 50,000 lire.

The race was shortened to 2,100 metres in 1913. It was extended to 2,200 metres in 1919, and increased to 2,800 metres in 1925.

The Premio Roma was given Group 1 status in the 1970s. It was cut to 2,000 metres in 1988. It was downgraded to Group 2 status in 2017.

Records
Most successful horse (2 wins):
 Pampino – 1933, 1934
 Grifone – 1947, 1949
 Surdi – 1961, 1962
 Bacuco – 1969, 1970

 Duke of Marmalade – 1975 (dead-heat), 1976
 Taipan – 1997, 1998
 Elle Danzig – 1999, 2000
 Soldier Hollow – 2004, 2005

Leading jockey (6 wins):
 Paolo Caprioli – Adelmo (1923), Old Master (1924), Ravioli (1925), Lui (1926), Vimarino (1932), Gaio (1939)

Leading trainer since 1974 (4 wins):
 John Dunlop – High Hawk (1983), Highland Chieftain (1989), Taipan (1997, 1998)

Leading owner (4 wins): (includes part ownership)
 Federico Tesio – Salvator Rosa (1912), Brunelleschi (1914), Nicophana (1935), Attalo (1938)
 Frank Turner – Apulejo (1915), Adelmo (1923), Old Master (1924), Ravioli (1925)
 Razza del Soldo – Vimarino (1932), Gaio (1939), Falerno (1954), Chitet (1957)
 Scuderia Mantova – Galea (1940), Piavola (1946), Carolina (1960), Astese (1966)

Winners since 1979

 The 1981 winner Dentz was later renamed Looking For.

Earlier winners
 1911: Dedalo
 1912: Salvator Rosa
 1913: Sigma
 1914: Brunelleschi
 1915: Apulejo
 1916: Aristippo
 1917: no race
 1918: Hollebeck
 1919: Alcione
 1920: Talaat Basa
 1921: Marcus
 1922: Pompea
 1923: Adelmo
 1924: Old Master
 1925: Ravioli
 1926: Lui
 1927: Paulo
 1928: Moltrasio
 1929: Tigliano
 1930: Emanuele Filiberto
 1931: Eucaliptolo
 1932: Vimarino

 1933: Pampino
 1934: Pampino
 1935: Nicophana
 1936: Ahmed
 1937: Sinni
 1938: Attalo
 1939: Gaio
 1940: Galea
 1941: Zuccarello
 1942–44: no race
 1945: Buonarrota
 1946: Piavola
 1947: Grifone
 1948: Eldorado
 1949: Grifone
 1950: Saccaroa
 1951: Bandinella
 1952: Worden
 1953: Neebisch
 1954: Falerno
 1955: Bewitched
 1956: Tissot

 1957: Chitet
 1958: Terma
 1959: Feria
 1960: Caorlina
 1961: Surdi
 1962: Surdi
 1963: Veronese
 1964: Haseltine
 1965: Demi Deuil
 1966: Astese
 1967: Carlos Primero
 1968: Chicago
 1969: Bacuco
 1970: Bacuco
 1971: Fidyi
 1972: Irvine
 1973: Sang Bleu
 1974: Orsa Maggiore
 1975: Duke of Marmalade / Henri le Balafre *
 1976: Duke of Marmalade
 1977: Montorselli
 1978: Nizon

* The 1975 race was a dead-heat and has joint winners.

See also
 List of Italian flat horse races

References

 Racing Post:
 , , , , , , , , ,
 , , , , , , , , ,
 , , , , , , , , ,
 , , , , ,
 capannelleippodromo.it – Albo d'Oro – Premio Roma.
 galopp-sieger.de – Premio Roma.
 horseracingintfed.com – International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Premio Roma (2016).
 pedigreequery.com – Premio Roma – Roma Capannelle.

Horse races in Italy
Open middle distance horse races
Recurring sporting events established in 1911
Sports competitions in Rome


Joseph Edward Persico (July 19, 1930August 30, 2014) was an author and American military historian. From 1974 to 1977, he was primary speechwriter to Vice President Nelson Rockefeller. At the time of his death, he lived in Guilderland, New York.

His book Nuremberg: Infamy on Trial tells the story of the Nuremberg Trials; it was adapted for television as the docudrama Nuremberg.

Early life
Joseph Edward Persico was born in Gloversville, New York on July 19, 1930 to Thomas Persico and Bianca Perrone.  In 1952 he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Political Science from the New York State College for Teachers (now the University at Albany). Following graduation, he joined the U.S. Navy where he served as a Lieutenant (junior grade) aboard a minesweeper and also worked at NATO Headquarters Naples, Italy.

Political career
After three years, he left the Navy and joined Governor W. Averell Harriman as a writer and researcher. In 1960, Persico joined the United States Information Agency working in Argentina, Brazil, and Washington as a Foreign Service Officer.

From 1963 until 1966, he served as Executive Assistant to the New York State Health Commissioner and in 1966 became the chief speechwriter for then Governor of New York Nelson A. Rockefeller. He remained Rockefeller's primary speechwriter throughout the latter's Vice Presidency.

Persico was nominated as a commissioner to the American Battle Monuments Commission by then Secretary of State Colin Powell. In this capacity he contributed to the design of the World War II Memorial located at the National Mall in Washington, D.C., writing the words of the poem carved into the message stone located at the eastern entrance of the memorial as well as appearing on the 'Freedom Wall' on the Western edge of the memorial.

Author

In 1977, following the end of Rockefeller's tenure, Persico published My Enemy My Brother: Men and Days of Gettysburg,  an historical work of non fiction covering the American Civil War.

In 1979, he published a novel, The Spiderweb, and a further nonfiction study, Piercing the Reich: The Penetration of Nazi Germany by American Secret Agents During World War II.

Three years later he produced The Imperial Rockefeller, a biography of his former employer. This was followed by a biography of Edward R. Murrow. In 1995, he co-wrote Colin L. Powell's autobiography My American Journey.

Throughout the 1990s, Persico continued to produce historical books (Casey: From the OSS to the CIA and Nuremberg: Infamy on Trial) as well as numerous articles on American history.

In November 2001, he published Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage and in 2004, Eleventh Month, Eleventh Day, Eleventh Hour: Armistice Day, 1918, World War I and Its Violent Climax.

In May 2013, he published his last book, Roosevelt's Centurions: FDR and the Commanders He Led to Victory in World War II, through Random House.

Death and burial
Persico died in hospice at St. Peter's Hospital in Albany, New York the morning of August 30, 2014.  He was buried at Gerald B. H. Solomon Saratoga National Cemetery in Schuylerville, New York.

Personal life
He was married to Sylvia Palma LaVista and they had two daughters.

References

External links

 Webcast Interview at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library on November 1, 2007

1930 births
2014 deaths
Historians from New York (state)
People from Guilderland, New York
People from Gloversville, New York
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
United States Navy officers
Burials at Gerald B. H. Solomon Saratoga National Cemetery
American male non-fiction writers


Sang My Thang is Toshinori Yonekura's 13th original studio album. The album came three years after his last full-length original album, Roots Of Style. All songs appearing on the album are written and composed by Yonekura and the album was executively produced by pop singer and collaborator, Maki Ohguro.

Track list

Personnel
 Toshinori Yonekura - Vocals, background vocals
 Kiyoshi Kamada - Drums
 Kitaro Nakamura - Electric bass
 Yoichiro Kakizaki - Alto guitar, electric guitar
 Takashi Numazawa - Drums
 Hiroshi Sawasa - Electric bass
 Gen Ohgimi - Percussion
 Gen Ittetsu Strings - Strings
 Big Horns Bee - Horns
 Butcher Asano - Electric guitar
 Obawo Nakajima - Percussion
 Futoshi Kobayashi - Trumpet, flugelhorn
 Ray - Double bass
 Koji Orita - Alto sax
 Wakaba Kawai - Trombone
 Shiro Sasaki - Trumpet

Production
 Executive Producer - Maki Oguro
 Producer - Toshinori Yonekura
 Co-Producer - Kiyoshi Yoshihara, Kazunori Ito
 Vocal arrangement - Toshinori Yonkeura
 Programming - Yoichiro Kakizaki, Shingo Sato
 Recording & Mixing - Toy-knock, Yuji Kuraishi
 Mastering - Harb Powers Jr.
 Art Direction - Koh Sasaki
 Styling - Shuhei Yomo, Hiromi Shibata
 Hair & Make-Up - Satoshi Hirata
 Photography - Takayuki Okada
 Body Painting & Illustration - Hidekichi Shigemoto

Charts

Album - Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

References

Toshinori Yonekura albums
2005 albums


Scherzinger is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Mara Scherzinger (born 1989), German actress
 Nicole Scherzinger (born 1978), American singer

See also
 Victor Schertzinger (1888–1941), American composer, film director, film producer, and screenwriter

German-language surnames


The 2007 Bavarian Cup was the tenth edition of this competition, organised by the Bavarian Football Association (BFV), which was started in 1998. It ended with the SV Seligenporten winning the competition. Together with the finalist, Würzburger FV, both clubs were qualified for the DFB Cup 2007-08.

The competition is open to all senior men's football teams playing within the Bavarian football league system and the Bavarian clubs in the Regionalliga Süd (III).

Rules & History
The seven Bezirke in Bavaria each play their own cup competition which in turn used to function as a qualifying to the German Cup (DFB-Pokal). Since 1998 these seven cup-winners plus the losing finalist of the region that won the previous event advance to the newly introduced Bavarian Cup, the Toto-Pokal. The two finalists of this competition advance to the German Cup. Bavarian clubs which play in the first and second Bundesliga are not permitted to take part in the event, their reserve teams however can. The seven regional cup winners plus the finalist from last season's winners region are qualified for the first round.

Participating clubs
The following eight clubs qualified for the 2007 Bavarian Cup:

Bavarian Cup season 2006-07
Teams qualified for the next round in bold.

Regional finals

 The FC Augsburg II, runners-up of the Schwaben Cup is the eights team qualified for the Bavarian Cup due to TSG Thannhausen from Schwaben having won the Cup in the previous season.

First round

Semi-finals

Final

DFB Cup 2007-08
The two clubs, SV Seligenporten and Würzburger FV, who qualified through the Bavarian Cup for the DFB Cup 2007-08 both were knocked out in the first round of the national cup competition:

References

Sources
 Deutschlands Fussball in Zahlen 2006/07  Yearbook of German football, author: DSFS, publisher: Agon Sport Verlag, published: 2007, page: 288–289

External links
 Bavarian FA website

2007
Bavarian