Nate Parker (born November 18, 1979) is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter. He has appeared in Beyond the Lights, Red Tails, The Secret Life of Bees, The Great Debaters, Arbitrage, Non-Stop, Felon, and Pride. Parker's directorial debut feature film, The Birth of a Nation, in which he also starred, made history at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival when Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired the distribution rights for $17.5 million, breaking the record for the most paid for a Sundance Film Festival production, surpassing Little Miss Sunshine, which had been acquired by Searchlight for $10 million ten years earlier. The film was ultimately unsuccessful in wide release and acclaim, after rape allegations against Parker resurfaced.

Early life
Parker was born in Norfolk, Virginia, to Carolyn Whitfield, a 17-year-old single mother. Although Parker's mother did not marry his biological father, Parker had a relationship with his father until his father died from cancer when Parker was 11. Parker's mother's first husband gave Parker his surname. After a divorce, Parker's mother then married her second husband, Walter Whitford, who was in the United States Air Force and was stationed in Bath, Maine. Parker has four younger sisters.

At the age of 14, after problems at home with his stepfather, Parker moved to Virginia Beach, Virginia to live with his maternal uncle, Jay Combs. Combs, a former wrestler, encouraged Parker to join the wrestling team at Princess Anne High School. He then attended Churchland High School and continued on their wrestling team, before moving to Great Bridge High School before attending Penn State University on a wrestling scholarship in 1999.

Wrestling
Parker placed third in the Virginia High School League state wrestling championships as a junior while attending Churchland High School. Parker's mother moved to the Great Bridge High School district so Parker could participate in its powerhouse wrestling program. He was a member of the 1997–98 state champion Great Bridge wrestling team and was a state champion  wrestler who placed third in the High School National Wrestling Championships, while becoming a high school All-American.

Parker earned a full scholarship to wrestle at Penn State University. At Penn State, Parker was nationally ranked as a freshman.

After transferring to the University of Oklahoma, Parker continued to be ranked as a redshirt junior  wrestler. In 2002, Parker placed fifth at the National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestling championships and became an All-American at Oklahoma. Following his fifth-place finish, he was ranked second nationally as a redshirt senior.

Career

Acting

Parker, who was working as a computer programmer, was discovered by Los Angeles talent manager Jon Simmons while attending an event in Dallas with a model friend. Simmons had Parker audition and put himself on tape, and then encouraged Parker to move to Los Angeles where he gradually found work as an actor.

In 2006, Parker played the male lead in Rome & Jewel, a hip-hop take on Romeo and Juliet that got mothballed and re-released in 2008. Parker's title character, who is supposed to be the modern day Romeo, was a Compton youth with both tenderness and toughness. Despite a troubled script, Parker's rap performance earned comparisons to Will Smith from Nathan Lee of The New York Times. In 2007, he had a small role in Pride, about an African American swim team.

In 2007, Parker played the role of Henry Lowe in the Denzel Washington-directed film The Great Debaters. The character was based on the real-life debater Henry Heights, from Wiley College. Parker attended a debate boot camp to make his performance more authentic. He portrayed a multifaceted character. Stephen Holden of The New York Times described Parker's portrayal as having depicted a "handsome, clean-cut youth with a lurking bad-boy streak", while John Clark of the New York Daily News described the role as that of a "silver-tongued orator and ladies' man". Other reviewers also noted the nuances of the character. Parker also performed on the soundtrack. Parker and co-stars Forest Whitaker and Denzel Washington were all nominated for the 2008 NAACP Image Awards in the best supporting actor category, which Denzel Washington won. Parker would develop a continuing relationship with Wiley College.

in 2008, Parker performed in a pair of low-budget movies: Felon and Tunnel Rats. Despite these early light roles, Parker's onscreen charisma and general je ne sais quoi showed, earning Parker comparisons to Paul Newman. In Felon, Parker played a rookie guard dealing with inner turmoil. Parker appeared as Private Jim Lidford in Tunnel Rats, a 2008 German-Canadian war suspense film which was based on the factual duties of tunnel rat soldiers during the Vietnam War. The film stars Michael Paré, Brandon Fobbs and Wilson Bethel, and was written and directed by Uwe Boll.

In 2008's The Secret Life of Bees, Parker played the good-hearted love interest of Alicia Keys' character. Parker's character has to deal with the challenges of spurned love. The movie was written and directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood, and based on the book of the same name by Sue Monk Kidd.

In the 2010 film Blood Done Sign My Name, which was based on a true story of small-town racial turmoil set against a backdrop of belated segregation in 1970, Parker plays a 22-year-old Benjamin Chavis. Parker's Chavis was a teacher who had been born into an affluent African-American family and would later become the Executive Director of the N.A.A.C.P. A. O. Scott of The New York Times described Parker as "diffident" and his portrayal as "thoughtful, morally serious". Steven Rea of the Philadelphia Inquirer notes that events in the film move Parker with both "resolve and rage": Roger Ebert described Parker's Chavis as "energized and angered" in one of the two main storylines of the film that started with Chavis leading an economic boycott after an adverse court verdict. Parker's character was upstaged according to Scott and Ebert. However, Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune noted that Parker's portrayal infused dimension into Chavis, whose cousin's death was the subject of the film. Phillips noted that the role showed that with the right choices Parker had the potential to be a big star in the future.

In 2012, Parker appeared as a World War II squadron commander in Red Tails, a film portraying Tuskegee Airmen. Parker's character drinks to cope with the stress of the fighter pilot lifestyle. In the movie, Parker plays Marty "Easy" Julian who commanded the escorts for the World War II bombers in the face of Nazi fighter planes. While Peter Travers of Rolling Stone noted that Parker shined in his role, Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe felt Oyelowo stood out. Although the story is a fictionalization, Bilge Ebiri of New York and Holden note that the relationship between the two is the story's central one. Holden compared Parker's presence to that of Denzel Washington's. In Arbitrage, Parker's talents were underutilized as the son of a chauffeur who gets caught in a murder coverup, according to David Denby of The New Yorker. Nonetheless, Ty Burr of The Boston Globe notes that Parker's portrayal of the Harlem native is the only sympathetic character of the film. Travers notes the role provides Richard Gere's elitist character with his only interactions with a diverse character in the film. Parker's third and final film of 2012 was Spike Lee's Red Hook Summer. Parker played a gang member named Box, whose role was not central to the film progression according to Phillips.

In 2013, he had a supporting role in Ain't Them Bodies Saints that Richard Brody of The New Yorker described as being a bar owner who is among an "enticing array of characters". The role was minor according to Scott.

In a 2014 interview with BET during publicity for the film Beyond the Lights that included Parker and director Gina Prince-Bythewood, Parker stated that in order to "preserve the black man" he would not be willing to act in certain character roles. The video was later taken down and is no longer available. In 2014, Parker also stated he would not take roles, such as gay characters, that he considered to be "emasculating".

Kate Taylor of The Globe and Mail described Parker's performance as a novelist with writer's block in the 2014 film About Alex as one of the more real performances in the film despite the "wrote" feel to the emotional developments. Mike D'Angelo of The A.V. Club also found the crises and conflicts that Parker's character was involved in to be petty. Parker's independent short film #AmeriCan was nominated in the Outstanding Independent Short category at the Black Reel Awards of 2015 and won.

That same year, Parker reunited with Prince-Blythewood, playing the male lead in her film Beyond the Lights. He was nominated for a 2015 Black Reel Award for Best Actor and an Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture. In Parker's role as a police officer moonlighting as a bodyguard, his onscreen chemistry with co-star Gugu Mbatha-Raw was praised by Dana Stevens of Slate. Stevens noted Parker was destined for more substantive performances. The story was hailed as a well-written believable romance with depth by many critics such as Travers and Ebiri, earning an 82% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes.

In the airplane terrorism mystery film Non-Stop, Parker plays a computer programmer. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times notes that Parker's talents are well-employed in his supporting role. In Every Secret Thing, Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times found Parker and his detective partner Elizabeth Banks to have been overwhelmed in their roles. Travers also found the detectivework to be uncompelling. Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter found Parker's performance to have had its moments.

Parker played the role of Slim in the 2015 survival film, Eden. The film was directed by Shyam Madiraju, co-produced by Parker, Jaume Collet-Serra and Shyam Madiraju, and stars Ethan Peck, Jessica Lowndes, Diego Boneta, James Remar and Sung Kang.

Directing
In 2012, Parker directed a short film called #AmeriCAN, which featured La La Anthony and is a thought piece about growing up as a young black person in a racially divided America.

For over seven years, Parker worked on making a film based on the life of Nat Turner. In 2014, he announced that he had funding and was working on assembling his team, and that the film would be called The Birth of a Nation, in an ironic reappropriation of the infamously racist 1915 film of the same name. In addition to writing and directing, Parker cast himself as Turner. Aja Naomi King, Armie Hammer and Gabrielle Union were also cast in key roles.

The Birth of a Nation attracted increased scrutiny due to rumored Oscar nominations, and because the film itself depicts a brutal rape, the 1999  rape allegations against Parker received significant press coverage. Fox Searchlight Pictures, the studio releasing the film, went into damage control mode. Union, a rape victim and one of the main stars of The Birth of a Nation, wrote in the Los Angeles Times, "As important and ground-breaking as this film is, I cannot take these allegations lightly." Parker chose to deflect questions about his past legal problems while doing press for The Birth of a Nation at the Toronto Film Festival. Shortly thereafter, Parker and his handlers chose to cut press interviews short when questions came up about his involvement with the alleged rape and its impact on the marketing of the film.
Parker curated and produced The Birth of a Nation: The Inspired By Album along with Atlantic Records Film & Television President and CEO, Craig Kallman which is the companion album for the movie “Birth of a Nation” released in 2016. The protagonist of the film as a platform for lyrical content inspired the album. It featured prominent music artists, including Lecrae, Meek Mill, The Game, Ne-Yo, Nas, Gucci Mane, Wale, Pusha T, and Vic mensa.

The sister of Parker's alleged victim said the invention of a rape scene and Parker playing the avenging hero caused her and her family immense pain. To try to defuse the public backlash, Bron Studios hired The Glover Park Group and Don McPherson to give Parker media training and public relations advice. In an October 2016 60 Minutes interview, Parker maintained that he was innocent of the crime and that he did not feel guilty about it, but conceded that, from the perspective of a 36-year-old man, he had done something morally wrong.

In August 2016, Parker was honored with the Sundance Institute's Vanguard Award.

In evaluating the impact of the public's reaction to Parker's alleged 1999 rape of a fellow Penn State student, a film producer told The Hollywood Reporter, about Parker's directing career, "His inability to act like he cared that people invested a whole lot of money in him — sorry. You go into the 'life is too short' category." Noting that the first half of the New York Times review of The Birth of a Nation is taken up with the controversy, this person adds, "No matter what Nate Parker makes, ... this will always be the first paragraph."  Other industry insiders note that, "unlike [Mel] Gibson — or Roman Polanski or Woody Allen, both accused of sexual assault (Polanski pled guilty to unlawful sexual intercourse) — Parker is just beginning his directing career and has not built up an acclaimed body of work that might encourage some to say they are willing to separate the artist from the art."

In 2019, Parker wrote, directed, and starred in the film American Skin, which had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival in August 2019. Following its release, American Skin has received $4 million over a fortnight and finished in the top 10 on FandangoNow, Google Play, and Spectrum's PVOD rental charts. Becoming one of the highest grossing titles for its distributor, Vertical Entertainment on PVOD. The Venice Film Festival’s Sconfini Section awarded the prize of "Best Film" to American Skin on September 7, 2019, the first film addressing the racial injustice theme to have won in the category.

Parker's next film is Solitary, an American drama film written, directed, and produced by Nate Parker and stars David Oyelowo, Barry Pepper and Jimmie Fails.

Parker directed 10 episodes of Baselines a web series about a family based in Los Angeles intent on protecting their son, Jamiel Chambers, and his basketball dreams from the dangers of inner-city American life.

Public charity
Parker sponsors scholarships for youth between the ages of 17 and 25 at East Texas Wiley College through the 100 Men of Excellence Initiative. Wiley has announced it will host a new film school named The Nate Parker School of Film and Drama.

Parker has been a supporter of Boys & Girls Clubs of America as well as a program called Peace4Kids, which is a program for foster youths  and underprivileged youth in South Los Angeles, California where kids are involved in daily activities that stimulate and nurture creativity and intellect. Parker has coached a wrestling team of 10-, 11- and 12-year-olds at Rosemead High School and has assisted in coaching wrestling at Rio Hondo College. Inspired by his experience with The Great Debaters, Parker began working with a Brooklyn initiative called Leadership and Literacy through Debate.

The Nate Parker Foundation was founded in 2015 and is based in Brooklyn, New York. In 2016, the foundation established the Nate Parker Summer Film Institute at Wiley College which was held yearly to use film as a medium of social transformation with 31 students who are either from Africa or of African descent. The foundation received the first grant to make the HBCU Storytellers Project by the Kellogg Foundation’s Racial Healing and Reconciliation Fund in 2017. The grant covered four short documentaries which address racial issues and stereotypes. The first film series funded by the grant, Just Mercy, has received four NAACP Image awards, Outstanding Ensemble Cast, Outstanding Supporting Actor, Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture, and Outstanding Motion Picture. In 2018, the foundation received funding from the Ford Foundation and private stakeholders.

Rape allegations
In 1999, while a sophomore at Penn State University, Parker and his roommate and wrestling teammate, Jean McGianni Celestin, were accused of raping a white female fellow student. The accuser stated that Parker and Celestin raped her while she was intoxicated and unconscious, and that she was unsure of how many people had been involved. She also stated that the two harassed her after she pressed charges, and that they hired a private investigator who showed her picture around campus, revealing her identity, which Parker and Celestin denied. Parker and Celestin were charged with rape soon after the incident. Celestin was found to be guilty while Parker was acquitted. Celestin, who shares a story credit on The Birth of a Nation, was convicted of sexual assault and received a six-month to one-year prison sentence in 2001, later raised to two to four years per state sentencing guidelines. His conviction was later overturned on appeal.

The accuser dropped out of Penn State the following year, in 2000. She later filed a complaint against the university for failing to protect her from harassment, which was settled with Penn State for $17,500 in 2002.

Parker was initially suspended from Penn State's wrestling team, before being reinstated in 2000 while facing trial. Within weeks, a female student worker accused him of exposing himself to her. The student did not go to the police and Penn State dropped the matter. After the trial, Parker transferred to and graduated from the University of Oklahoma in 2002, where he was on the wrestling team and received a degree in management science and information systems.

In 2012, the accuser died by suicide.

Personal life
In August 2007, Parker married Sarah DiSanto, a native of Erie, Pennsylvania, whom he met while they were attending Penn State. They were married in Erie's Frontier Park. The couple have three daughters in addition to two more daughters Parker had from previous relationships.

Parker has said that he considers himself a Christian, and that he grew up in the church.

According to a DNA analysis, some of Parker's ancestry is from the Tikar people of modern-day Cameroon.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Published works
Nate Parker is the author of the book Birth of a Nation: Nat Turner and the Making of a Movement in which he writes about the resistance against oppression. The first half of his book is about Nat Turner’s slave rebellion in the 19th century, and the other half explores the historical context of his rebellion and how it is relevant to modern events and discourse. The book was later adapted into a motion picture, The Birth of a Nation, which was also the directorial debut of Nate Parker.

References

External links

 Nate Parker Foundation

1979 births
21st-century American male actors
African-American Christians
African-American male actors
American computer programmers
American film producers
American male film actors
Screenwriters from Virginia
American male sport wrestlers
American people of Cameroonian descent
Film directors from Virginia
Living people
Pennsylvania State University alumni
People acquitted of rape
Male actors from Norfolk, Virginia
University of Oklahoma alumni
Writers from Norfolk, Virginia
21st-century African-American male singers
Campus sexual assault


William J. Scanlan (February 14, 1856 – February 18, 1898) was a composer and male actor of musical theater.

Biography
William J. Scanlan was born to parents of Irish ancestry in Springfield, Massachusetts. After completing the 100th performance of his musical show Mavourneen on December 24, 1891, he became violently ill. He was taken to Bloomingdale Insane Asylum in White Plains, New York on January 7, 1892. He died there on February 18, 1898.

References

External links

1856 births
1898 deaths
American male musical theatre actors
American musical theatre composers
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Queens)
Actors from Springfield, Massachusetts
19th-century American composers
19th-century American male actors
19th-century American male singers
19th-century American singers
Musicians from Springfield, Massachusetts


Johannes Baptista Montanus (; 1498 – May 6, 1551) is the Latinized name of Giovanni Battista Monte, or Gian Battista da Monte, one of the leading Renaissance humanist physicians of Italy. Montanus promoted the revival of Greek medical texts and practice, producing revisions of Galen as well as of Islamic medical texts by  Rhazes and Avicenna. He was himself a medical writer and was regarded as a second Galen.

Biography
Montanus was born in Verona, and became a friend of the pioneering anatomist Andreas Vesalius. He introduced autopsies as a means of acquiring anatomical data, and established the first permanent anatomical theatre, where Vesalius, Gabriele Falloppio, Hieronymus Fabricius and others carried out studies.

Montanus became a professor of practical medicine at the University of Ferrara and at the University of Padua in 1539.  His greatest innovation was to introduce clinical medicine into the curriculum as a way to integrate medical theory and practice. His students included John Caius, one of the most eminent physicians of the 16th century and a court physician of Edward VI, and Valentinus Lublinus. Lublinus was one of several former students who drew attention to their teacher's method by publishing his lectures and notes after his death. The new field of clinical medicine then began to attract students from northern Europe.

In 1545, he helped establish the first botanical garden in Padua.

He died in Padua.

Selected works
De excrementis.
De uterinis affectibus. 1556.
In nonum librum Rhasis ad R[egem] Almansorem lectiones restitutae  Ioanne Cratone. Basel 1562.
Medicina universa (Comprehensive Medicine), three volumes compiled from his lectures and notes. Frankfurt 1587.

References

External links
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Johannes Baptista Montanus in .jpg and .tiff format.

1498 births
1551 deaths
Italian medical writers
16th-century Italian physicians
Italian Renaissance humanists


Anthony Lawson Jude Ifeanyichukwu Obiawunaotu or Anthony Lawson Obi (born March 24, 1988), better known by his stage name Fat Tony, is a Nigerian-American rapper.

He has been recognized in URBs "Next 1000", a list of emerging new artists anticipated to break through. At the Houston Press Music Awards, he won the Best Underground Hip Hop award in 2008, 2009, and 2010, as well as the Best Solo Rapper award in 2013.

Early life
Fat Tony grew up in the Third Ward area of Houston, Texas. Anthony Onyebuchi Obi, Fat Tony's father, is an engineer, and his mother Johnnie is a housewife. His mother sang opera and exposed him to rock and pop music such as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. His father is stated to have exposed the artist to acts like Bob Marley and Jimmy Cliff as well as music from his home country, Nigeria. Fat Tony's father, an Igbo, fought in the Biafran War in Nigeria before coming to Houston. Growing up, he became a fan of Nirvana. He stated in an interview that the first album he ever bought was an album from child rap duo Kris Kross whom he was inspired by due to the fact that they were kids. In middle school he formed a rap group with his friends called Simply Throwed. In high school he performed in a rap group called The Low Ends. He continued playing in bands with friends throughout his school days. Fat Tony attended Carnegie Vanguard High School (Class of 2006) and the University of St. Thomas. He also studied as a communications major at the University of Houston.

Career
Fat Tony's debut studio album, RABDARGAB, was released in 2010. The album's title is a reference to the late 1990s Houston Independent School District campaign ("Read a book, do a report, get a buck") aimed at students to promote literacy by offering $1 to students in exchange for book reports. In 2012, he released a collaborative album with producer Tom Cruz, titled Double Dragon, on Young One Records.

In 2013, he released Smart Ass Black Boy on Young One Records. Produced by Tom Cruz, the album was written in two days and recorded in four days in Los Angeles, California. It was included on the year-end lists by Complex, Houston Press, and Vice.

In 2017, he released MacGregor Park on First One Up. The album's title refers to MacGregor Park in Houston. It was included on the year-end lists by Bandcamp Daily and Houston Press.

In 2018, Fat Tony released 10,000 Hours on Don Giovanni Records. Written and recorded in Los Angeles, the album was produced in large part by Hevln.

In 2019, Fat Tony served as a host on the nightly live variety show Vice Live on Viceland along with Marie Faustin, Sandy Honig, and Zack Fox.

In 2020, he released a collaborative album with producer Taydex, titled Wake Up, on Carpark Records.

On October 23, 2020, he released the album Exotica on Carpark Records.

Style and influences
Fat Tony has cited Ramones, Prince, Michael Jackson, Black Flag, Bad Brains, Morrissey, the Smiths, E-40, Jay-Z, Nas, the Notorious B.I.G., Tupac Shakur, UGK, Outkast, DJ Screw, Three 6 Mafia, Mac Dre, Too Short, Aaliyah, R. Kelly, My Bloody Valentine, Nirvana, Rick Rubin, Beastie Boys, Scarface, Devin the Dude, Kilo Ali, Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg, Mannie Fresh, Bikini Kill, Lil B, A Tribe Called Quest, and De La Soul as his music influences.

Discography

Studio albums
 RABDARGAB (2010)
 Double Dragon (2012)
 Smart Ass Black Boy (2013)
 MacGregor Park (2017)
 House with a Pool (2018)
 10,000 Hours (2018)
 Wake Up (2020)
 Exotica (2020)
 I Will Make a Baby in this Damn Economy (2023)

Remix albums
 SCREWDARGAB (2011)
 MacGregor Park (Chopnotslop Remix) (2017)

Live albums
 Live at No Audience (2020)

Compilation albums
 The Creation of Fat Tony (2009)

Mixtapes
 RABDARGAB: The EPreview (2010)

EPs
 Love Life (2008)
 Look (2016)
 Urban Hall of Fame (2016)
 Snak Pak (2018)
 Full Circle (2018)

Singles
 "Hood Party" (2013)
 "BKNY (Remix)" (2013)
 "No More" b/w "Love Me" (2014)
 "Sushi" (2015)
 "Dame Un Beso" (2016)
 "Twin Peaks" (2017)
 "Two for One" (2017)
 "Son of God" (2017)
 "Growth Spurt" b/w "Northside Dr." (2018)
 "FWU" (2018)
 "Don't Move" b/w "Can't Stay" (2020)
 "Gambling Man" (Mariachi Remix) (2020)
 "Ain't for Me" (2021)
 "Ain't for Me" (Blockhead Remix) (2020)

Guest appearances
 SMKA - "'Til It's Gone" and "I'm on Fire" from SMKA: The 808 Experiment Vol. 1 (2008)
 DJ Sly - "Killin' Time" from Beyond It (2009)
 Juiceboxxx - "Boxxx Get Busy" from Journeyman from the Heartland (2010)
 Das Racist - "Luv It Mayne" from Sit Down, Man (2010)
 Tecla - "Beautiful Problems" from Strangers Revisited (2011)
 ASAP Rocky - "Get Lit" from Live. Love. ASAP (2011)
 Tecla - "No Music" from Thanksgiving (2011)
 Hot Sugar - "Leverage" from Midi Murder (2012)
 Big Baby Gandhi - "Lurkin'" from No1 2 Look Up 2 (2012)
 Mishka & Rad Reef - "Hyperbolic Chamber Music" (2012)
 Heems - "Bangles" from Nehru Jackets (2012)
 Antwon - "Laugh Now: Hot Sugar Version" (2013)
 Tecla - "Bed of Roses" and "Mayo on the Side" from Bruja (2013)
 Steel Tipped Dove - "Sprung" from Steel Tipped Dove & a Whole Bunch of Crazy Motherfuckers (2013)
 Kool & Kass - "Burtation" from Peaceful Solutions (2013)
 Weekend Money - "Trapper Keeper" from Freddie Merkury (2014)
 Shy Girls - "Without (Magic Fades Remix)" (2014)
 Donwill & Dash Speaks - "Sixteen Tons" from Don Speaks (2014)
 Kari Faux - "Stainless" from Laugh Now, Die Later (2014)
 Tony Collins - "Take You Home" from Last Night (2014)
 Cakes da Killa - "I Run This Club Remix" from I Run This Club (2014)
 Puzzle - "All the Best" from Tighten the Reins (2017)
 Black Midi - "Jam" and "bmbmbm" from Black Midi Live in the USA (2020)

See also

 Culture of Houston
 History of African Americans in Houston
 List of Nigerian Americans

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Igbo rappers
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
Rappers from Houston
Southern hip hop musicians
University of Houston alumni
University of St. Thomas (Texas) alumni
American people of Igbo descent
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
Don Giovanni Records artists
Carpark Records artists
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people


George Prime is a politician from the island of Grenada.  He served as that nation's Minister of Carriacou and Petit Martinique Affairs between 2008 and 2013.

References
Ministry webpage

Living people
Ministers of Carriacou and Petite Martinique Affairs
Members of the Senate of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
National Democratic Congress (Grenada) politicians
Alumni of the University of London
1953 births
Aruban emigrants
Immigrants to Grenada


Franka Bernadine is a politician from the island of Grenada.  She served as  Grenada's Minister of Education and Human Resources. From 3 November 2019 until 31 October 2021 she was the Leader of the National Democratic Congress (Grenada).

References

External links

Ministry webpage

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the Senate of Grenada
Grenadian people of Indian descent
Grenadian Roman Catholics
Government ministers of Grenada
National Democratic Congress (Grenada) politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century women politicians
Women government ministers of Grenada
21st-century Grenadian politicians


The Durant Touring Car was manufactured by Durant Motors, Inc.

Durant Touring Car specifications (1926 data)

 Color – No. 9 blue
 Seating Capacity – Five
 Wheelbase – 109 inches
 Wheels – Disc
 Tires - 31” x 4” cord
 Service Brakes – Contracting on rear wheels
 Emergency Brakes – Expanding on rear wheels
 Engine  - Four cylinder, vertical, cast en bloc, 3-7/8 x 4-1/4 inches; head removable; valves in side; H.P. 24.03 N.A.C.C. rating
 Lubrication – Force feed and splash
 Crankshaft - Three bearing
 Radiator – Cellular type
 Cooling – Centrifugal pump
 Ignition – Storage Battery
 Starting System – Two Unit
 Voltage – Six
 Wiring System – Single
 Gasoline System – Vacuum
 Clutch – Single plate, dry disc
 Transmission – Selective sliding
 Gear Changes – 3 forward, 1 reverse
 Drive – Spiral bevel
 Springs – Semi-elliptic
 Rear Axle – Semi-floating
 Steering Gear – Worm and gear

Standard equipment
New car price included the following items:
 tools
 jack
 speedometer
 ammeter
 electric horn
 transmission theft lock
 demountable rims
 spare tire carrier
 closed cars have rear view mirror, sun visor, cowl ventilator, corner lights and heater.

Prices
New car prices were F.O.B. factory, plus tax:
 Touring - $830
 Coach - $1050
 Coupé - $1160
 Sedan - $1190

See also
 Durant Motors
 Durant (automobile)

References
Source:

Durant Motors


Nazim Burke (born September 1956) is a politician & Opposition Leader from the island of Carriacou which is part of the tri island state of Grenada. He was born in Belair Carriacou as Victor Gordon Burke and changed his name to Victor Nazim Gordon Burke.
He served as the nation's Minister of Finance, Planning, Economic Development, Energy and Foreign Trade during the reign of the NDC government, from 2008 to 2013, headed by Tillman Thomas. He was elected as the political leader of the NDC at a party convention in early 2014 after Tillman Thomas stepped aside following the loss at the 2013 elections. Burke resigned as party leader in July 2018 following his party's disastrous election results in that year's election in which the party failed to gain any seats leaving it out of the house of representatives for a third time. He was succeeded by his Deputy Joseph Andall as acting leader pending a new leadership election due no later than March 2019.

References

1956 births
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Finance ministers of Grenada
National Democratic Congress (Grenada) politicians
Carriacouan politicians
Members of the Senate of Grenada
21st-century Grenadian politicians
Concordia University alumni
University of Windsor alumni


Taptu was a social media and technology company that built platforms, tools and applications that enabled content on touch screen mobile devices, including phones running iOS and Android. Taptu was a privately held company that was founded in Cambridge, England, in 2007 and was funded by DFJ Esprit and Sofinnova. The company was based in Cambridge and Denver, Colorado, United States.

In September 2012, Taptu was acquired by Mediafed Ltd. The Taptu service shut down March 31, 2015, a year before Mediafed went into administration.

Products

Original product
Taptu's first product was a mobile search engine, provided as a website using html optimised for phones, and dedicated apps for iPhone and Android. It was closed in early 2011.

My Taptu
Its other product was My Taptu, a social news aggregator that drew heavily on the company’s mobile search heritage but attempts to move them beyond search. According to Taptu, the app, which was available on the iPhone and Android devices, was "aimed at solving information overload," or what Taptu calls "app hopping." It presented all the information that a person "is into" in a "one- stop app" through "streams," or what CNET described as “content playlists.” My Taptu tried to separate itself in the social news space by offering ways of personalization.

Recognition and awards

 Overall Mobile Search Company of the Year, Mobile Search Awards, September 2008
 Best Search Provider 2008, Mobile Entertainment Awards
 Commercial Category, MEX Design Competition
 Red Herring Top 100 European Tech Startups, April 2008
 Global Community Award, MobileMonday Peer Awards, February 2008
 Meffys 2010, Winner of Content Discovery and Personalisation Award
 TechCrunch Europas 2010, Highly Commended in the category of Best Mobile Start Up

References

Defunct internet search engines
Companies based in Cambridge
Mobile technology


Alleyne Walker is a politician from the island of Grenada.  He currently serves as that nation's Minister of Housing, Lands and Community Development .

References

External links
Ministry webpage

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
Place of birth missing (living people)


Ignatius Joachim Karl Hood, known as Karl Hood, is a politician from the island nation of Grenada.  He served as an MP, Minister of Labour, Social Security and Ecclesiastical Affairs (2008-2010) and as Minister of Foreign Affairs (2010-2012) in a government led by former prime minister Tillman Thomas. He resigned as Minister of Foreign Affairs on 18 May 2012 after he abstained from a no-confidence vote against the government two days earlier. He currently serves as Grenada's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.

References

Ministry webpage

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
Foreign ministers of Grenada
People from Saint George Parish, Grenada
High Commissioners of Grenada to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors of Grenada to China
21st-century Grenadian politicians


Cambon can refer to

Places
Cambon, a town and commune of the Tarn department of southern France.
Cambon-et-Salvergues, a commune in the Hérault department in southern France.
Cambon-lès-Lavaur is a village and commune in the Tarn département of France.

People
Pierre-Joseph Cambon (1756–1820), a French statesman.
Charles-Antoine Cambon (1802-1875), a French scenographer
Paul Cambon (1843–1924), a French diplomat and brother to Jules Martin Cambon
Jules Cambon (1845–1935), a French diplomat.
Carlos García Cambón (1949–) is a former Argentine footballer currently working as a manager.
Edgardo Cambón,(1960–) the lead singer and conga drummer of Candela a San Francisco-based nine piece salsa music and Latin jazz band
Cédric Cambon (1986–), a French footballer who, as of 2007, is playing for Bulgarian side PFC Litex Lovech


The Strengthen the Arm of Liberty Monument in Fayetteville, Arkansas, is a replica of the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World). It was placed by the Boy Scouts of America as part of its 1950s-era campaign, "Strengthen the Arm of Liberty".

It is located in front of Washington Regional Medical Center on North Hills Blvd.

The statue was removed from the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 when it was improperly moved to its new location, but was later relisted.

See also

Scouting museums
Scouting memorials
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Arkansas

References

External links

Replica Statue of Liberty Search
nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com

1950 sculptures
Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Fayetteville, Arkansas
Outdoor sculptures in Arkansas
Fayetteville, Arkansas
Sculptures of women in Arkansas
Statues in Arkansas
1950 establishments in Arkansas


Glynis Roberts (born August 5, 1961) is a politician from the tri-island nation of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique. She is the Political Leader of the National United Front and the first female leader of a political party in Grenada. She was first elected to parliament in 2003 and represents the St George South constituency for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) in the House of Representatives of Grenada. The House of Representatives is the lower house of the Parliament of Grenada. It has 15 members, elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies.

The St George South constituency, based in the southernmost part of Grenada, covers the communities of Calliste, True Blue, L'Anse aux Épines, Frequente, Grand Anse, Grand Anse Valley, Woburn, Springs and Belmont.  It also takes in the Maurice Bishop International Airport in Point Salines, the world-famous Grand Anse beach and St. George's University.  Most of Grenada's major hotels are concentrated in the district.

Roberts was born in the rural parish of St David.

As a minister of government, she managed to maintain a modest popularity and enjoyed good relations with both labour leaders and the island's hoteliers. Roberts has been an outspoken critic of domestic violence and a strong advocate of families and children. She was also chair of the Mercy Committee that oversaw the recent release from prison of former deputy prime minister Bernard Coard and six other men for their involvement in the death of the late prime minister Maurice Bishop in 1983.

References
https://web.archive.org/web/20130220100203/http://nationalunitedfront.org/
Ministry of Labour webpage
Ministry of Tourism webpage
https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184257/http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Glynis-Roberts-A-beacon.690.0.html

1961 births
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Grenadian Roman Catholics
National Democratic Congress (Grenada) politicians
Government ministers of Grenada
People from Saint David Parish, Grenada
Women government ministers of Grenada


Patrick Simmons is a politician from the island of Grenada. He previously served as that nation's Minister of Youth Empowerment, Culture and Sports.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
Place of birth missing (living people)


WQEL (92.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock format. Licensed to Bucyrus, Ohio, United States, the station serves the Mid-Ohio area.  The station is owned by Saga Communications under licensee Franklin Communications, and operates as part of its Bucyrus Radio Group. It features programming from United Stations Radio Networks and Westwood One.

History
92.7 FM went on the air in 1964 as WBCO-FM, the sister station to WBCO.  WBCO was founded in 1962 by Thomas P. & J. LaVonne Moore and Orville J. Sather as Brokensword Broadcasting Co.  When the Moores and Sathers bought out the investors, it became Sa-Mor Stations. Full ownership was assumed by Tom and LaVonne following Orville's death.  The stations were sold to Mike and Donna Laipply in 2001. the station was purchased by Scantland Broadcasting, then purchased by current Saga Communications.

The station was assigned call sign WBCQ on October 26, 1978.  On August 16, 1987, the station changed its call sign to the current WQEL.

Previous logo
  (WQEL's logo under previous classic hits format)

References

External links

QEL
Classic rock radio stations in the United States


Joseph A. Gilbert is a former politician from Grenada.  He served as that nation's Minister of Works, Physical Development, Public Utilities and Environment from 2008 to 2012.

Gilbert was a member of the House of Representatives of Grenada. The House of Representatives is the lower house of the Parliament of Grenada. It has 15 members, elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies. Gilbert was the National Democratic Congress Party member for the seat of Saint Patrick West.

References

External links
Bio and photo prepared for 2008 election, caribbeanelections.com

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Caribbean Rhodes Scholars
Government ministers of Grenada
National Democratic Congress (Grenada) politicians


WRAC (103.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Georgetown, Ohio, United States, the station is owned by Dreamcatcher Communications.

History
The station was assigned the call letters WIAO on June 15, 1981.  On October 16, 1981 the station changed its call sign to the current WRAC.

WRAC was founded and placed on the air by Virginia Purdy as part of the Ohio River Broadcasting Association (ORBA). The studios started out with its creme and blue colors scheme, in a converted barn/garage on Virginia's personal property in West Union. The transmitter was placed on Spencer Mountain, roughly 10 miles west of West Union and one mile north of the pan handle. Gene Bowen (formerly of WURD provided much of the logistical help in getting the station on the air. The studios and transmitter site were furnished with state-of-the-art equipment. The station was one of the first in the area to originate high fidelity remote broadcasts using link backs by transmitter rather than conventional phone lines.

The first primary hosts were Virginia Purdy (morning talk), Gene Bowen (morning drive), Phil Swayne (lunch block), Ted Foster (evenings) and Dan Ramey (afternoons). Jeff Hall and Jeff Scott (King) joined soon afterward. Jeff Hall replacing Dan Ramey afternoons, and Jeff Scott providing engineering support, remote broadcast setup and vacation fill-in support. Jeff Scott later worked stints in morning drive and lunch block.

Gene Bowen, Jeff Hall, and Jeff Scott left successful previous positions at WURD to join WRAC. Gene Bowen, Phil Swayne, Jeff Hall, and Jeff Scott have since left the station to pursue careers outside of radio. (Gene Bowen has since died.)

The station started out playing an eclectic blend of top hits in pop, country, and adult contemporary. Bluegrass segments were later added on the weekend and subsequently to weekday evenings. The station was known for its community involvement stemming primarily from the founders interest in politics. Virginia herself maintained a tight grip on the public persona of the station by banning content that she felt was unacceptable for the public airwaves. At her request, the playing of the song "Jack and Diane" by John Cougar was banned, as one early example. She also hosted regular morning talk segments on relevant topics with the movers and shakers of the area. At her direction, the station, early on known as the bridge across the Ohio, maintained a presence at every festival and celebration in the surrounding Southern Ohio and Northern Kentucky markets. As Virginia became ever more involved in educational politics, her day to day influence and interest in the station began to wane.

Early on, the station had no nickname, at the strict direction of the owner. WRAC was always only referred to as WRAC in jingles and promos; never with any taglines or nicknames. Internally the "RAC" in WRAC was always thought to stand for Radio Adams County. Management felt this too restrictive and never permitted its use on the air. An early "on the air" promotion entitled "Make Maggie Moo" became so popular that when the station was later sold and the format changed to top country, Maggie remained to become the station mascot, and the station is now known as C103 "The Home of the Cow".

Current owners Don and Venita Bowles have operated the station under the parent company DreamCatcher Communications since 1997. WRAC C103 is one of four stations in southern Ohio and northern Kentucky owned and operated by DreamCatcher Communications. The others include - WAOL-FM 99.5 The Edge, licensed to Ripley, OH; WFLE-FM and WFLE-AM out of Flemingsburg, KY.

C103 now plays Top 40 Country plus top hits from the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The primary on-air hosts today are Brad Rolfe and Rosie Young (The Brad & Rosie Show). The show has generated very high ratings in the past several years and is now the number one morning show in the area. Longtime afternoon host Ted Foster retired in April 2010. This position was taken over by Matt Hilderbrand in May 2010. Hilderbrand has since become a popular personality in the area.  Rolfe and Hilderbrand also share hosting duties of "The Trash and Treasure Trading Post", a long-standing call in show for the station.

In September 2015, the station added a third on-air personality in Brian Elliot. As a result, The Brad and Rosie Show extended to a four-hour show, running from 6am to 10am. Brad Rolfe rounds out the morning show from 10am to 11am. Brian Elliot handles the midday shift from 11am to 4pm. Matt Hilderbrand moved to the afternoon drive slot and is on the air from 4pm to 8pm.

C103 now broadcasts in digital from a new tower and transmitter located in Russelville, Ohio. C103 studios are still located in West Union, Ohio. C103 is not only a country music radio station but also serves the community by broadcasting from area festivals, fairs, community events plus C103 broadcasts high school sports. C103 airs over 150 Southern Hills Athletic Conference basketball games a year, as well as high school baseball and volleyball, Ohio University football, dirt track and NASCAR Sprint Cup racing.

Programming
Weekdays: 6:00 am to 10:00 am - "The Brad and Rosie Show" with Brad Rolfe and Rosie Young; 10:00 to 11 am - Brad Rolfe; 11:00 am to 4:00 pm - Brian Elliott; 4:00pm to 8 pm - Matt Hilderbrand.

Saturdays: 6:00 am to 8:00 am - Matt Hilderbrand; 8:00 am - AutoSmarts Radio Show; 9:00 am - Cowboy Corner Radio Show; 10:00 am to 12:00 noon - Z-Max Racing Country; 12:00 noon to  2:00 pm - Matt Hilderbrand; 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm - NASCAR USA Radio Show; 4:00 pm to 7:00 pm - Matt Hilderbrand; 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm - Z-Max Racing Country Radio Show; 9:00 pm to 11:00 pm - NASCAR USA Radio Show.

C103 SHAC Sports Team: Don Bowles, Ken Smith, Ben Higgins, Matt Hilderbrand, Brett Spencer, Carl Schneider, Phil Rhonemus, Bruce Wallace, Trent Harrop, and David Tatman.

Dirt Track Racing Team: Kyle Wainscott, Josh Jewell, and Connie McDonald.

References

External links

RAC
Country radio stations in the United States


WRDL (88.9 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Ashland, Ohio. The station serves the North-Central Ohio area and is the only radio station located within the city limits of Ashland. The station is owned and operated by Ashland University (formerly Ashland College). Its studios are located in the Center for The Arts building (formerly Arts & Humanities, or A&H). The transmitter and its antenna are located in the top floor of the library.

WRDL is Ashland University's award-winning, student-run radio station, broadcasting the best music, local news, sports, and information to 10 counties across North-Central Ohio. WRDL is streaming to any device online at www.WRDLFM.com. WRDL is certified and recognized by the Intercollegiate Broadcasting System (IBS) and is a member of the Ohio Association of Broadcasters (OAB).

WRDL supports the academic mission of the Journalism and Digital Media Department (JDM) at Ashland University. Everyone heard on WRDL airwaves is an Ashland University student and all of the content is student-produced with faculty guidance and input. For information about JDM, visit www.ashland.edu/journalism-and-digital-media-department.

History

WRDL began broadcasting from tiny studios in a former projection booth for a theater in Founder's Hall in 1966. Originally at 88.1 on the dial, the 10-watt station's transmitter was located atop Clayton Hall, the tallest dormitory on the campus. Later the frequency was moved to 89.5 to avoid conflicts with other nearby non-commercial educational stations. In the 1980s the power was increased to 3,000 watts, and the station dial position was moved to 88.9. The transmitter was moved atop the new campus library building.

The station gets its call letters from the initials of Richard Dean Leidy, an adjunct professor that founded the radio/television department, at what was then called Ashland College. He always modestly insisted the letters stood for "Radio Department Laboratory." Leidy led the department from 1960 to 1988, when he retired. Most students were seeking majors or minors in the AC Speech Department.

The earliest equipment consisted of a Collins tube-type control board and two 16-inch transcription turntables of 1950's vintage. Additional tube-type equipment caused frequent high temperatures in the tiny control room without air-conditioning. In the earliest days, the station signed off in the summer, and only broadcast during the September to June school year.

In the mid-1960s some of the earliest student DJs consisted of Charles Beekley, Tom Warner, Mike Rogers and Craig Whitmore. They were quickly joined by Les Bagley, Tony "Z" Zabilski, Pat Murray, Ken Krauss, Jay Pappas, Mark Koontz and Will Ruch and others. Even with only 10 watts, the station became very popular in the community and student DJs were invited to do "record hops" at area high schools, and to appear at community events. One of the most visible was the annual three-day remote broadcast from a downtown tent to promote donations to benefit the American Cancer Society.

Charles G. (Charlie) Beekley graduated in 1966 and was hired as Mr. Leidy's first assistant instructor. "CGB," as he was familiarly known, was succeeded in the early 70s by others including Jay Pappas. Early guest lecturers included Eric Severeid of CBS News and Byron MacGregor, news director of the then highly popular CKLW Radio.

The school began offering Radio/Television as a major in the late-1960s when facilities were modernized and expanded with a move to custom designed facilities in the new Arts & Humanities Building. New studio equipment included a state-of-the-art Altec Lansing audio board and other late model radio gear as well as a well-equipped television production studio and control room. A United Press International news teletype was installed and Les Bagley was appointed the station's first designated student News Director. WRDL and ACTV2 newscasts were simulcast, and along with some other campus-originated programming (including remote broadcasts from the Ashland County Fair and live coverage of City Council meetings) were used as "local content" on the city's Armstrong Cable television system. WRDL programming was also simulcast on AM through a low-power carrier-current system that transmitted through the campus power lines.

In the early 1970s, the station's personalities included Gary Fletcher, Dean Dallman, Don King, Marty Larsen, "Kirk the Jerk" Fegley and Scott Rankin's "Get Up and Go Show." Later in the 70s and early 80s, the station's music hosts included Tripp Rogers, Bob Spence, Mark Miller, John Hager, Mike Marchinuke, Pete Moore, John (the Bear) Carroll, Doug Kurkul, Mike Parker, Michelle Temple, Tim (Shadow) Morris, Keith Connors, BJ McCurdy, Blair Mintz, Jeff France, and Ed Vogt. A Spanish-language show on Sundays was hosted by Jose Diaz. During this time, the station was called FM89, and later 89-Plus. The Sunday Night Special, which ran once a week for two hours, featured a different recording artist each week. Among the artists highlighted on the Sunday Night Special programs were Pink Floyd, Bob Seger, Todd Rundgren, the Doobie Brothers, Chicago, Yes, Heart, Billy Joel, Paul McCartney, and many other of the era's most popular rock acts. Airing immediately after the Sunday Night Special was an hour-long disco program, hosted by Adolph Santorine. The station also offered a weekly program featuring jazz, hosted by Mark Buchan.

Jay Pappas was the faculty member responsible for WRDL radio for many of these years, and Larry Hiner for WRDL television. Bill Clinger was responsible for equipment maintenance and broadcast technical matters.

In 1993, student staff Georgia Wentler (PD), Jeff "Jones" Putz (CD) and Jennifer Brewer (MD) adopted the nickname "The Eagle," in an effort to create an identity for the station.
Putz said at the time he got the idea from a Philadelphia radio station seen in the trade publication Radio & Records. The name references the university's mascot, the Eagles. This nickname quit being used sometime around 2010.

Starting in the fall of 2000 there was a once a semester live broadcast called "Eagle Fest." The broadcast would feature 3-4 local bands and was broadcast live from the Eagle's Nest on the University's campus. Bands featured included Yellow No. 5, Northern Lights, Sindust and American Rockstar. One broadcast was even simulcast on TV-2. The concert series ran until Spring of 2003.

References

External links

RDL
Ashland University
RDL
Radio stations established in 1966
1966 establishments in Ohio


Huddersfield Town's 1937–38 campaign was like many recent years dominated by the club's FA Cup run. They reached their 5th and final FA Cup final, before losing to Preston North End at Wembley. They finished their league season in 15th place in Division 1.

Squad at the start of the season

Review
Yet again, Town's season was dominated by their FA Cup run. They reached their fifth and so far last FA Cup Final. After a win over Hull City in Round 3, they scraped past Notts County and Liverpool, they beat York City in the quarter-final in a replay, before beating the favourites Sunderland at Ewood Park in the semi-final, meaning they would play Preston North End in the final, a repeat of the 1922 FA Cup Final, the only one of Town's previous final appearances that they won. The final at Wembley was the first since moving to the London stadium to go into extra time. The result would be the opposite to the 1922 final, with Town conceding a penalty to lose the match 1–0.

Their league form was pretty shaky during the season and they only guaranteed their safety with 2 games to go. Their wins at Leeds Road over Stoke City and Manchester City, the previous season's champions guaranteed their survival in 15th place.

Squad at the end of the season

Results

Division One

FA Cup

Appearances and goals

Huddersfield Town A.F.C. seasons
Huddersfield Town F.C.


The Monte Rosa Hut () is a mountain hut located near Zermatt on the Monte Rosa massif (up to ) and above the Grenzgletscher (Border Glacier) sitting on a glacier-free rocky part called Untere Platte at an altitude of . It is owned by the Swiss Alpine Club. The hut is the start of the normal route to the summit and other mountains in the area. The first hut was built in 1894–1895 just next to the then still much higher Border Glacier at an altitude of . A completely new building was inaugurated in 2009, a hi-tech, energy-wise almost self-sufficient, environmentally friendly mountain hut based on wood with an aluminium shell.

Location
The Monte Rosa Hut lies on the western side of Monte Rosa massif, on the place named Untere Plattje. It dominates the Grenzgletscher (Border Glacier) to the south and west, and further down the Gorner Glacier, and is surrounded by many four-thousanders, such as Dufourspitze, Liskamm, Castor, Pollux, Breithorn and Matterhorn.

The hut can be reached using the Gornergratbahn; from the station Rotenboden a trail leads to the Gorner Glacier. Then the Gornergletscher has to be crossed (usually marked itinerary), then over the lower end of the Grenzgletscher, finally at around 2,600 m the trail continues directly to the hut.

History

The first hut from 1895

The first hut, known under the name Bétemps hut after a family sponsoring the construction, was originally built between 1894 and 1895. It had 25 beds and was owned by the Swiss Alpine Club central committee. The hut was enlarged in 1918 to host 20 more people. The Bétemps hut was offered to the Monte Rosa section in 1929 then transformed and renamed Monte Rosa hut. Between 1939-1940 a new hut with 86 beds was built. The capacity was raised up to 146 in 1972 and 160 in 1984.

After the new hut was opened in September 2009, the old hut was disassembled for 100,000 Swiss francs and was demolished on 14 July 2011 by a unit of the Swiss Armed Forces using more than 100 kg of military plastic explosive. The demolition was a condition for the allowance to build the new hut close by.

The new hut

A new hi-tech environmentally friendly mountain hut was designed by architect Andrea Deplazes of ETH Zurich and inaugurated in September 2009. The project of the Swiss Alpine Club, to mark the 150th anniversary of ETH Zurich, was launched in 2003. The construction materials prefabricated elements were transported by train to Zermatt and 3,000 helicopter trips were needed to take 35 workers and materials up to the glacier. The five-story polygonal building was built on stainless steel foundations with a spiral interior made out of wood, the exterior being covered with an aluminum shell. The building is designed to obtain 90 percent of its power needs from the sun. Excess energy was originally stored in valve-regulated lead-acid battery cells, which supply power when it is overcast. These batteries were replaced by Lithium-phosphate batteries in 2020. Water is collected from melting glaciers and stored in a large reservoir 40 metres above the hut. Bands of windows allow the sun to heat air inside the spiral building with the redistribution of thermal energy produced by visitors.

Over the next few years the hut will become a research station for the students from the ETH Zurich. They will use it to investigate how to use energy and resources efficiently.

Bibliography
ETH Zurich, ed. (2010) New Monte Rosa Hut SAC. Self-Sufficient Building in the High Alps Zurich, gta, 2010.

References

Futuristic eco-hut opens doors above Zermatt, swissinfo

External links
Official website (German, French)
Monte Rosa Hut on SummitPost.org

Mountain huts in Switzerland
Monte Rosa
Mountain huts in the Alps


George Selway (21 February 1924 – May 1994) was an English actor who had a lengthy career in film and television. He was married to and later separated from English actress Patricia Greene, of The Archers radio serial fame.

Coincidentally, he played a police sergeant in two films starring Hayley Mills: Tiger Bay (1959) and Sky West and Crooked (1966); between which films he played a third, in  House of Mystery (1961 film),

Selected filmography
 The Secret Place (1957)
 Tiger Bay (1959)
 House of Mystery (1961 film) (1961)
 Sky West and Crooked (1966)
 Maroc 7 (1967)
 The Strange Affair (1968)
 Three Sisters (1970)
 Commuter Husbands'' (1972)
TV
Doctor Who: "The Faceless Ones" (1967)

External links

1924 births
English male television actors
English male film actors
1994 deaths
20th-century English male actors


James Michael White (born August 11, 1957) is an American college football coach and former professional player. He served as head football coach at Albany State University (ASU) in Albany, Georgia from 2000 to 2014 and Benedict College in Columbia, South Carolina from 2015 to 2019. White played college football as a defensive tackle at Albany State during the late 1970s, and later was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fourth round of the 1979 NFL Draft. He also played for the Seattle Seahawks.

Coaching career
After his playing career ended, White joined the coaching staff at his alma mater in 1984 as the defensive line coach, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1989. In 1997, White became the assistant head coach, and in 2000, was named head coach of the Albany State Golden Rams. He continued to  serve as the defensive coordinator while he was head coach. His 2010 Albany State team was named SBN Black College National Champions.

On December 18, 2014, White was named head football coach at Benedict College in Columbia, South Carolina.

Head coaching record

References

External links
 Benedict profile
 Albany State profile

1957 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Albany State Golden Rams football coaches
Albany State Golden Rams football players
Benedict Tigers football coaches
Cincinnati Bengals players
Seattle Seahawks players
Coaches of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)
Players of American football from Augusta, Georgia
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American sportspeople


The Great Book of the Public Debt (French: Grand-livre de la dette publique) was created by the Revolutionary French Government in 1792 as  a consolidation of all the states debts.

It was Joseph Cambon who made the initial suggestion for the state debt to be "rendered republican and uniform" and it was he who proposed to convert all the contracts of the creditors of the state into an inscription in a great book, which should be called the "Great Book of the Public Debt".

The post revolutionary government of Louis XVIII continued to use the Great Book of the Public Debt and it is an integral part of the Fourth Convention (Private Claims upon France) attached to the Paris Peace Treaty of 1815.

References

Finance books
1792 establishments in France
1792 in economics
Economic history of France
Louis XVIII


Almolya del Río is a town and municipality located in the State of Mexico 26 km from the state capital of Toluca. It is located 2,600 meters above sea level. The name Almoloya comes from the Nahuatl phrase almoloyán which means place where water flows out. "del Rio" means "of the river" in Spanish and refers to the Lerma River, which originates here.

The town

History
While the area had been long inhabited by hunter-gatherers, the first sedentary farming communities appeared in this area around 5000 to 1000 BC. Almoloya was founded on the edges of the marshes of Lake Chicnahuapan. In the Pre-Classic period, agriculture intensified and tribal communities began to develop. By the High Classic period, villages with ceremonial centers had developed as well as the cultivation of corn, beans and vegetables on chinampas in Lake Chicnahuapan and the Chicnahuapan River, now known as the Lerma River. The village of Almoloya was founded between 650 and 850 AD by the Otomí  and Matlatzinca people. The patron divinity was the Night Jaguar from the Olmec culture and the ceremonial center was called Xiutépetl Xaxalpa.

Mixcoatl conquered Almoloya del Río, along with Toluca, Tenango, Malinalco and Zoquitzinco. This was part of the expansion of the Tepanec empire which included many of the peoples of the Valley of Toluca. Aztec conquest came in 1476 under leader Axayacatl putting the town under the jurisdiction of Tacuba. Later, in 1521, Spaniard Gonzalo de Sandoval took over the town along with the rest of the valley, putting it under the jurisdiction of Toluca.  The Franciscans came shortly thereafter to evangelize the native population, very likely building a small, temporary church where the current church stands. In 1528, the town was part of the encomienda of Juan Gutiérrez Altamirano, a cousin of Hernán Cortés, who had a hacienda named Ateneo. He also set up a hacienda just outside the town of Almoloya. In the 16th and 17th centuries the town church, San Miguel Arcangel was built. In the 18th century, the town of Metepec had grown sufficiently that it became a jurisdiction, which Almoloya belonged to. Viceregal authorities mandated that Indians living in scattered small communities in this valley be grouped into four larger communities; one of these communities was Almoloya By 1808, the town itself had grown sufficiently that it had jurisdiction over three other communities: San Mateo Texcalyacac, Santa Cruz Atizapán, Santa María Nativitas and San Pedro Techuchulco. During the Mexican War of Independence, Ignacio Rayón's troops fought royalist troops in the fields between this town and Santiago Tianguistenco.

On 26 October 1884, 300 people led by Friar Isidro García attacked forty evangelists killing Pastor Landa, Nicanor Gomez and Nicolas Muciño.

In 1889, the town had a territory of 18 km2 and a population of 3,740 people.

During the Mexican Revolution, the townspeople's loyalty was split between the federal government and Zapatista and other revolutionaries. In 1913, Genovevo de la O. took the town's municipal president, Apolonio Vázquez prisoner and nearly executed him. In 1915, fighting between federalists and revolutionaries resulted in the burning of the municipal palace and the destruction of almost all of the municipality's records. A small portion was saved by Juan Hernández.

Between 1914 and 1918, a series of epidemics such as typhoid and famines struck the town, resulting in the reduction of the population.

Between the 1930s and 1950s a number of work projects began to divert water from the Lerma River to supply nearby Mexico City. This eventually led to the disappearance of Lake Chignahuapan.  These works included an aqueduct and other actions such as dynamiting to divert the water to the city. In addition to the disappearance of the lake, this diversion has had seriously negative consequences to the Lerma River itself by blocking off the springs that feed the river. Overexploitation of these springs is also causing the dropping of water tables that will eventually cause the springs to dry up altogether.

By 1995 only 55 people spoke an indigenous language and by 2005, only 31 did.  As of 2005, the town had a population of 7,992 people.

Notable sites
The town church, called San Miguel Arcángel, is its most outstanding feature, built between the 16th and 17th centuries. It is dedicated to Our Lord of Burgos.  The church faces west, towards where Lake Chignahupan was, with a view of the Nevado de Toluca. In the late 19th century, the stone wall to the north was constructed and its tower is thought to have been built around this time as well. Its bells were cast in 1947. According to sources, to achieve a better sound, many women of the town donated much of their gold jewelry. Many of the church's improvements at this time were the work of a religious fraternity called "La Agrupacion."  The church has two side naves and one main nave, at the back of which if the main altar, whose age is undetermined. Above the vestibule is the choir, which used to have a large organ. In its interior are sculptures of the Archangel Michael, Saint Augustine, Archangel Gabriel, and four of Christ.

The Esmeralda Clock was made in 1926 in France with its base made in Mexico. It originally was located in Mexico City. It was given to the municipality as a token of appreciated for the sale of its water to the city. It was placed in its current position in 1940. As the town is located on the tallest hill in the municipality, the tones of this clock can be heard in the nearby communities, with many people using these chimes to mark their day.

The Parque Ecoturístico was inaugurated in 2007 in the marshes of the old lake. These marshes are home to a wide variety of species including a third of the bird species native to the State of Mexico. It is also a wintering ground for birds that migrate from the United States and Canada.

Economy
As the principal economic activity of the town is the production of denim clothing, every year in September is the "Feria de Vestido y Costura" (Festival of Clothing and Sewing).Garments produced include rebozos, stoles and embroidered wool skirts. Traditional garments of the region, especially those associated with the feast of Corpus Christi are a specialty as well. Many of these garments can be bought at the weekly Sunday tianguis or open-air market.

Almoloya is known for mariachi bands that make their living at Plaza Garibaldi in Mexico City. The best-known of these bands are called "Benito Juarez" and "Miguel Hidalgo".

Festivals

This town celebrates Carnaval every year in honor of the Virgin of Dolores. During this celebration, folkdances such as the  "Paseo de Locos" (Parade of Crazies) los "Vaqueros" (the Cowboys)  las "Pastoras" (the Shepardesses)  and " Señor Santiago" (Lord Santiago).

This town is also the home of the annual "Biker Fantasy Fest," also known as the "International Camping Biker" which started in 1994. This is a rock-and-roll and motorcyclists' event, billed as non-violent and family-friendly. The 2007 event expected 50,000 people over the three-day event. This event mostly features Mexican rock bands such as Las victimas del Dr. Cerebro, La Dolorosa, Los Gatos (band), Congal Tijuana, Panteón Rococó and Maldita Vecindad.

The municipality
As municipal seat, the town of Almoloya del Río currently has governing jurisdiction over only two other communities, Tecalco to the north of the main town and Texcoapan to the south. These two are divided into the following communities: Emiliano Zapata, El Calavario, La Puerta, Loma Linda, San Miguel, Duraznitos, Loma Alta, Florida (El Jaguey), Mirasol and Mezapa.   Together the combined municipality had a population of 8,939 in 2005.It is bordered by the municipalities of Santa Cruz Atizapán, Santiago Tianguistenco, Texcalyacac, Xalatlaco and San Antonio la Isla. It has a territory of 6.44 square km. The topography of this small municipality consists of a hill of volcanic origin, on which the town lies, surrounded by smaller, rolling hills and the lakebed of the old Lake Chignahuapan. From here the Lerma River has its start from a number of springs that originate here.

On 26 March 1847, Almoloya del Río became a municipality.  In 1854, the communities under its jurisdiction were San Pedro Techuchulco, San Mateo Texcalyacac, Santa Cruz Atizapán and the Rancho de Almoloya. However, its territory was reduced in 1866 when the municipality of Texcalyacac was erected and again in 1870 when Santa Cruz Atizapán separated.

The area has a rainy season from April to October and a dry season from November to March with a total annual rainfall of 871.7 mm. Average temperature is about 11.7C with temperatures as high as 18C and as low as 1.5C.

The principal economic activity, the production of clothing, is based on the town. Some handcrafts are produced including woven baskets for tortillas and flower arrangements. Outside the town, there is still agriculture, primarily the production of animal feed and corn on communal and ejido lands. Cattle raising is also practiced here.

References

Populated places in the State of Mexico
Municipalities of the State of Mexico
Mexican Plateau


Samuel R. Marsonek (born July 10, 1978) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher.

Professional career
Sam Marsonek was a 6'6" right handed pitcher out of Tampa, Florida. Sam was a graduate from Jesuit High School (FL) and was drafted as the 24th overall pick in the annual MLB First Player Draft in 1996, by the Texas Rangers. At the conclusion of the '99 season with the Rangers, Sam was traded to the New York Yankees in a trade deal with Brandon Knight for outfielder Chad Curtis. On July 8, 2004, after his sixth year in the Yankees organization, Marsonek was called up to the majors. Marsonek's MLB debut was July 11, 2004 where he came in to pitch in relief against the Tampa Bay Rays, his hometown team. In this outing, Marsonek pitched 1.1 innings, giving up no earned runs on 2 hits. In 2007, Marsonek pitched in the independent Atlantic League for the Somerset Patriots. In 35 games (14 starts), he was 6-8 with a 5.03 ERA and 59 strikeouts. Marsonek was released from the Washington Nationals in 2008, ending his 12-year professional baseball career.

Coaching career
After being released from his professional baseball contract, Marsonek was now searching for the next calling for his life. Sam eventually became a high school baseball coach, starting his career in Tampa, Florida at Cambridge Christian School. Marsonek spent the next four years coaching the Lancers, leading the team to two district titles, a regional championship and a state final four appearance. He was replaced by Sam Blackmon in May of 2013 after stepping down to work full-time with SCORE International. For the next few years, Score International baseball was a nationally ranked travel baseball program by Perfect Game USA. Marsonek, as the Director of SCORE International Baseball, was searching for a stable place to facilitate these outstanding players from across the world. In May 2016, Marsonek and his wife had the opportunity they were searching for; SCORE International took over Baseball Country, (formerly owned by Kenny and Angela Burns). Prior to the new position, Marsonek and his SCORE team had been bringing in missionaries along with carpentry teams to help out the area, using Baseball Country as their hub for what was already 10 years. Although there may be a change in scenery, the impact of Marsonek's coaching and directing under SCORE International baseball marked a great foundation for Baseball Country. Associated to Marsonek's coaching career is rosters filled with players from Florida, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and the Bahamas, assisting over 85 of these players to attain a college scholarship and 27 to sign professional contracts.

References

External links

Sam Marsonek at Baseball Almanac

1978 births
Living people
Baseball players from Florida
Major League Baseball pitchers
Charlotte Rangers players
Gulf Coast Rangers players
Savannah Sand Gnats players
Greensboro Bats players
Tampa Yankees players
Norwich Navigators players
Columbus Clippers players
Gulf Coast Yankees players
New York Yankees players
Somerset Patriots players
Jesuit High School (Tampa) alumni


Hello Kitty: Big City Dreams is a Hello Kitty game published by Empire Interactive for the Nintendo DS.

Gameplay
Hello Kitty: Big City Dreams offers two complementary styles of play: exploration and mini-game. Exploration mode offers the chance to take control of Hello Kitty and explore a 3D city, complete with streets, buildings, shops, neighborhood characters, and public transportation that Hello Kitty can ride. Different locations within the city will trigger a variety of mini-games for Hello Kitty to play. Completing these mini-games will earn friendship points which Hello Kitty can then use to ride the bus or train, purchase new outfits and items, decorate and customize her apartment, and progress in her journey. In order to keep her friends happy, Hello Kitty will have to stay in touch by checking her mail frequently.

Development
The game went gold on October 20, 2008. In North America the game was distributed by Atari.

References

External links
Hello Kitty: Big City Dreams Website

2008 video games
Walking simulators
Big City Dreams
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Video games developed in Hungary
Empire Interactive games
Multiplayer and single-player video games


Pyrus pyraster (syn. Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster), also called European wild pear, is a species of pear of the family Rosaceae.

This wild pear and Pyrus caucasica (syn. P. communis subsp. caucasica) are thought to be the ancestors of the cultivated European pear (Pyrus communis subsp. communis). Both the wild pears are interfertile with domesticated pears.

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish Pyrus pyraster  from a common pear. Pyrus pyraster  can reach an age of 100 to 150 years.

Description
Pyrus pyraster is a deciduous plant reaching  in height as medium-sized shrub and  as a tree. Unlike the cultivated form, the branches have thorns. The leaves are ovate with serrated margins. The flowers have white petals. The stamens are equal to the length of styles.   The flowering period extends from April through May.  The fruits reach  in diameter and ripen in late summer to early autumn. They are quite hard and astringent, but they have a sweet taste and are edible when they are very ripe and fall from the tree. The seeds ripen in September.

Fruits look like a Pyrus ussuriensis var. acidula.

Under good growing conditions, wild pear trees have a remarkably slender form with a characteristic rising crown. In less favourable conditions they show other characteristic growth forms, such as one-sided or extremely low crowns.

Distribution
The distribution of wild pear ranges from Western Europe to the Caucasus. It does not appear in Northern Europe. The wild pear has become quite rare. It is sympatric with Pyrus elaeagrifolia. It may hybridize with other pears, producing, for example, Pyrus austriaca in a cross with Pyrus nivalis.

Habitat
Wild pear can grow on almost all soils, except the most acidic ones. However, owing to its weak competitive ability, the species exists mostly on extreme or marginal sites. Its tap roots enable it to grow on very dry soils. The tree requires a lot of light and is often found in the open landscape. It occurs in thickets and open woods with cool-temperate climates, in lowlands, hills and sometimes in the mountains, at  above sea level.

Wild pears in Britain

The "wild pears" of England and Wales are actually thought to be domesticates that escaped cultivation. They appear to be archaeophytes, with charcoal and carbonised pips having been found at several Neolithic sites and are occasionally mentioned in medieval documents. It is likely that pears spread to Britain after their domestication with early farmers and subsequently escaped into the wild. Its establishment in the British Isles is probably due to human migration, with the trees belonging to one of the Pyrus communis subspecies instead of the true wild pear species of P. pyraster, which is native to much of continental Europe but absent from Britain.

Another species of pear found wild in South West England, the Plymouth pear (Pyrus cordata), is now thought to have originated from hedging plants imported from Brittany.

Gallery

Notes

References
 Biolib
 Edward Milner – Trees of Britain and Ireland, page 113 - regarding Pears in Britain.

External links

 Pyrus pyraster - info on Plants for a Future.
 Pyrus pyraster - distribution map, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)

pyraster
Flora of Ukraine


Nicky John Savoie (born on September 21, 1973) is a former professional American football tight end who played during one season in the National Football League (NFL) with the New Orleans Saints.

Savoie was born in Cut Off, Louisiana, and attended South Lafourche High School. He attended Louisiana State University, where he played college football for the LSU Tigers football team. He was selected by the Saints in the sixth round of the 1997 NFL Draft. During the 1997 NFL season, Savoie appeared in one game with the Saints, making one reception for 14 yards. Savoie later played for the New Orleans Thunder of the short-lived Regional Football League in 1999 and the Houston Marshals of the Spring Football League in 2000.

References

1973 births
Living people
People from Cut Off, Louisiana
Players of American football from Louisiana
American football tight ends
LSU Tigers football players
New Orleans Saints players
Regional Football League players


The 1992 Italian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 49th edition of the Italian Open, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1992 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 1992 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy. The women's tournament was played from 4 May until 10 May 1992, and the men's tournament was played from 11 May until 18 May 1992.

Finals

Men's singles

 Jim Courier defeated  Carlos Costa, 7–6(7–3) 6–0, 6–4
It was Jim Courier's 5th title of the year and his 28th overall. It was his 2nd Masters title of the year and his 4th overall.

Women's singles

 Gabriela Sabatini defeated  Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4
It was Gabriela Sabatini's 5th title of the year and her 25th overall. It was her 2nd Tier I title of the year and her 6th overall. It was also her 3rd win and 2nd consecutive title at the event, also winning in 1991 and 1988.

Men's doubles

 Jakob Hlasek /  Marc Rosset defeated  Wayne Ferreira /  Mark Kratzmann  6–4, 3–6, 6–1

Women's doubles

 Monica Seles /  Helena Suková defeated  Katerina Maleeva /  Barbara Rittner 6–1, 6–2

References

External links
Official website

Italian Open
Italian Open
Italian Open (tennis)
Italian Open


Brenda Hood is a Grenadian politician of the New National Party.  She has served in the Parliament of Grenada since 1999, and has served as the island's Minister of Tourism. In 2014, she became Minister for Culture.

References

External links
Biography on party website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
Women government ministers of Grenada


This is a list of seasons completed by the Washington Nationals, originally known as the Montreal Expos, professional baseball franchise; they have played in the National League from their inception in 1969. They are an American professional baseball team that has been based in Washington, D.C. since . The Nationals are a member of both the Major League Baseball's (MLB) National League Eastern Division. Since the 2008 season, the Nationals have played in Nationals Park; from 2005 through , the team played in Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium.

The Nationals are the successors to the Montreal Expos, who played in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from their inception as an expansion team in  through , with the majority of that time (1977–2004) spent in Montreal's Olympic Stadium.

The following takes into account both teams, as all Montreal records were carried with the franchise when it moved to Washington.

Table Key

Season-by-season results

All-time records

Record by decade
The following table describes the Expos′ (1969–2004) and Nationals′ (2005–2021) combined regular-season won–lost record by decade.

These statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's Washington Nationals History & Encyclopedia, and are current as of October 5, 2022.

Post-season record by year
The Nationals have made the postseason six times in their history, with their first being in 1981 (as the Expos) and the most recent being in 2019.

Footnotes
The 1972 Major League Baseball strike forced the cancellation of the first seven games (thirteen game-days) of the season.
The 1981 Major League Baseball strike caused the season to split into two halves. This caused Major League Baseball to hold the Divisional Series so that the first- and second-half champions could play each other to determine playoff spots for the NLCS and World Series. As such, the Expos finished one-half game ahead of the second-place St. Louis Cardinals in the second half of the 1981 season.
The 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike  ended the season on August 11, as well as cancelling the entire postseason.  While Montreal was leading by six games ahead of the second-place Atlanta Braves at the beginning of the strike, no team was officially awarded any division titles.
PCA-PI stands for Players' Choice Award for Outstanding Pitcher in the National League.
RMA stands for the National League Rolaids Relief Man Award.

References

Washington Nationals
Washington Nationals
Seasons
Events in Washington, D.C.