Ingvald Godal (26 October 1934 – 28 January 2019) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party and later the Conservative Party. For the former party he was a State Secretary as well as mayor of Vinje; for the latter party he served four terms in the Norwegian Parliament. He was also involved in various organizations, most latterly the Norwegian Support Committee for Chechnya.

Professional career
Born in Aker as the son of a vicar and a teacher, he took his secondary education at Hamar Cathedral School in 1953. He spent one year in the His Majesty The King's Guard before enrolling in higher education. In 1959 he graduated from the Heriot-Watt University as an engineer. During his time here, he had chaired the British chapter of the Alliance of Norwegian Students Abroad from 1957 to 1959.

From 1960 to 1965 he worked for the Ministry of Works in the Northern Region, at that time a federal division of Nigeria, and from 1965 to 1969 he worked for Norconsult in Uganda and other countries. From 1969 to 1970 he worked with civil relief during the Nigerian Civil War. He then spent one year in Asplan before settling in Vinje, Telemark to run a private business. Ultimately, from 1982 to 1985, he was chief administrative officer in Vinje municipality.

Political career
A member of the Centre Party, he was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of the Environment in 1972, when the cabinet Korvald assumed office. He lost this job when the cabinet Korvald fell following the 1973 election. However, he was elected mayor of Vinje municipality in 1975, and served through one four-year term. He was then a member of the municipal council for three years, sitting in the executive committee. He had chaired the local party chapter in Oslo from 1969 to 1971, and chaired the regional chapter in Telemark from 1979 to 1981. During both these periods he was a member of the national board of the Centre Party.

Godal was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Telemark in 1985, but had changed his allegiance to the Conservative Party. He was re-elected in 1989, 1993 and 1997, finally retiring ahead of the 2001 election. During the first term he was a member of the Standing Committee on Energy and Industry. In 1989 he changed to the Standing Committee on Defence, as well as serving one month as a member of the Enlarged Foreign Affairs Committee. During the last two terms he was a full member of both these committees.

Godal was previously involved in defence politics as vice president of the pro-military organization  from 1985 to 1987. He also chaired the regional chapter of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities from 1975 to 1979, the nationwide hydropower interest group Nationwide Association of Hydropower Municipalities from 1977 to 1985, and the Norwegian Support Committee for Chechnya from 2002 to 2007 of which he was a board member.

He published several non-fiction books about different countries. His 2003 book Tsjetsjenia: der enkene blir selvmordsbombere () included a preface written by Anna Politkovskaya.

Godal was decorated Commander of the Order for Merits to Lithuania in 2012.

He died on 28 January 2019 at the age of 84.

Selected works

References

1934 births
2019 deaths
Centre Party (Norway) politicians
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Mayors of places in Telemark
Norwegian state secretaries
Hamar Katedralskole alumni
Alumni of Heriot-Watt University
Norwegian non-fiction writers
Writers about Africa
21st-century Norwegian politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians


Sinjë is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Berat. The population at the 2011 census was 3,351.

References

Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Berat
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


"You're Not Sorry" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her second studio album, Fearless. It was released for download via the iTunes Store as a promotional from the album on October 28, 2008, by Big Machine Records. Swift was inspired to write "You're Not Sorry" by an ex-boyfriend who she realized was the contrary to what he had appeared to be. Produced by Swift and Nathan Chapman, "You're Not Sorry" is a rock power ballad with gentle piano in the verses and dramatic electric guitar in the build-up. A remix version for the television episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, in which Swift made an appearance, was later released.

Some critics praised the production of "You're Not Sorry", but others took issue with the balladic production as overdone. The song peaked at number 11 on both the Canadian Hot 100 and the US Billboard Hot 100. In the United States, it was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). On the Fearless Tour (2009–2010), Swift performed a mashup of "You're Not Sorry" and Justin Timberlake's "What Goes Around.../...Comes Around". She included it as part of a mashup with "Back to December" and OneRepublic's "Apologize" on her next tour, the Speak Now World Tour. She also sang the track at the 44th Academy of Country Music Awards in 2009.

Swift released a re-recorded version, "You're Not Sorry (Taylor's Version)", as part of her re-recorded album Fearless (Taylor's Version) (2021). The re-recorded version charted on the Canadian Hot 100 and the Billboard Global 200.

Background
"You're Not Sorry" was written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman alongside Swift. It was inspired by an ex-boyfriend who was later revealed to be opposite of what Swift had originally thought. Swift recalled that, at first, "He came across as prince charming." As the relationship continued, Swift was informed of numerous secrets about her boyfriend she was not aware of. "And one by one, I would figure them out. I would find out who he really was," she said. She wrote "You're Not Sorry" in an emotional state, which she described as "the breaking point", where she thought to herself, "'You know what? Don’t even think that you can keep on hurting me.'" The circumstances reached a point where she felt she had to walk away. "You're Not Sorry" was first released as a promotional single from Fearless on October 28, 2008, as part of Countdown to Fearless, an exclusive campaign by the iTunes Store. The song was reissued on March 5, 2009, as remix, the same day she made her guest appearance on the television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation in the episode "Turn, Turn, Turn". The remix was featured in the episode.

A re-recorded version of "You're Not Sorry", titled "You're Not Sorry (Taylor's Version)", was released on April 9, 2021, as the ninth track from Fearless (Taylor's Version), the re-recorded version of Fearless. The re-recording was part of Swift's move after a public dispute with Big Machine and talent manager Scooter Braun over the acquisition of the master recordings to her past albums.

Composition

"You're Not Sorry" is four minutes and 21 seconds long. Critics described it as a power ballad with minimal influences of country, contrary to Swift's self-identity as a country musician at the time. Jordan Levin of The Miami Herald characterized the song as a "rebellious rock tune". Anna Rosales from the Evansville Courier & Press thought the track has a "hard rock edge" to it. The song is set in common time and has a slow tempo of 67.5 beats per minute. It is written in the key of E♭ minor and Swift's vocals span two octaves, from G♭3 to C♭5. It follows the chord progression E♭m–C♭–G♭–D♭.

The musical arrangement contains a prominent pop hook in its refrains, according to Jonathan Keefe of Slant Magazine. Rob Sheffield in Rolling Stone described the track as a "dramatic piano-and-strings ballad". "You're Not Sorry" features a soft piano introduction, and in the refrains progresses with dynamic, loud electric guitars, which eventually reach a solo. The production additionally incorporates cello and strings. Scott Mervis of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette compared "You're Not Sorry" to a "chanteuse a la Tori Amos". In the lyrics, the protagonist criticizes an ex-lover who betrayed her trust. Sheffield, in a review for Blender, noted the lyrics to "You're Not Sorry" had many "tingling pheromones". Kyle Anderson from MTV said that the theme of "You're Not Sorry" is more serious than the "dreaminess" of the previous upbeat Fearless tracks: "the weight of the lyrics actually weighs down the arrangement (it literally sounds like it's being played just a hair too slow, which creates a palpable tension)."

The re-recorded "You're Not Sorry (Taylor's Version)" features an identical production, but critics also commented that Swift's vocals became richer and deeper. Joe Coscarelli opined that the production of the re-recording sounded "fresh and refined", an improvement from the original. Music professor Michael A. Lee observed that on "You're Not Sorry (Taylor's Version)", Swift's vocals are less nasal and come more from the chest, the background vocals are more subdued, and the strings are recorded in a closer proximity to the microphones.

Critical reception
Music critics gave "You're Not Sorry" mixed reviews. Sheffield in Blender described the track as "drippy" and opined that it is not as effective as other upbeat Fearless tracks. Todd Martens from the Los Angeles Times deemed Swift's vocals weak. Nick Catucci of New York commented that "You're Not Sorry" contrasts with Swift's identity as a country-music artist because the track "isn't the stuff of redneck women but earnest suburban princesses". Catucci said that although he could come up with better songs by other singer-songwriters in the last ten years, "this bittersweet bit of pop fluff succeeds splendidly. She's an American idol, on her own terms." Jonathan Keefe of Slant Magazine was more favorable, remarking that the production of "You're Not Sorry" showcases Swift's songwriting with a prominent hook. Craig Rosen of The Hollywood Reporter said the song proved Swift's crossover potential beyond country music.

Retrospectively, critics have considered "You're Not Sorry" one of Swift's weaker songs in her catalog. Hannah Mylrea in NME (2020) ranked it 146th out of 161 songs in Swift's discography, calling it "overdone". Nate Jones from Vulture ranked it 122nd in a ranking of Swift's 179 tracks, describing it as an "unflinching kiss-off song". In Rolling Stone, Sheffield placed it at number 111 in his 2021 ranking of Swift's 206-song catalog, highlighting the track for showcasing her vocal development from her debut album. Brittany Spanos from the same magazine praised Swift's singing for conveying the dramatic sentiments: "Her voice pierces through the sound of her band for one of her first truly dramatic vocal deliveries." Joe Coscarelli from The New York Times said he had admired Swift's songwriting "You're Not Sorry" but felt the production "[plods] a little"; after the re-recorded version was released, Coscarelli became more appreciative of the track.

Chart performance
"You're Not Sorry" debuted and peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in November 2008, becoming the week's highest debut. After being featured in the CSI series, supported by the remix, "You're Not Sorry" re-entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 67. It is one of the 13 Fearless tracks that charted within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100, breaking the record for the most top 40 entries from a single album. It spent a total of five weeks on the Hot 100. On the Pop 100 chart compiled by Billboard, the track peaked at number 21. By December 2011, "You're Not Sorry" had sold 653,000 copies in the United States. In 2017, the song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for surpassing one million units based on sales and streaming. In Canada, it peaked at number 11 on the Canadian Hot 100.

Live performances

Swift performed "You're Not Sorry" on all venues of her first headlining concert tour, the Fearless Tour, which extended from April 2009 to June 2010. During each performance, Swift donned a black cocktail dress with sparkly ornaments along the stomach. She began the performance by sitting on a bench, playing  black grand piano. Midway through "You're Not Sorry", Swift ceases playing the piano and commences to sing a cover version of Justin Timberlake's "What Goes Around.../...Comes Around" while whipping her hair, maintaining on the bench. Throughout the remainder of the performance, she intermingled between the two songs as smoke swirled and lightning was projected on the stage. Jon Pareles of The New York Times referred to the performance as one of the night's highlights at the August 27, 2009, concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Reed Fischer of Miami New Times attended the March 7, 2010, concert at BankAtlantic Center in Sunrise, Florida and, of the cover of "What Goes Around.../...Comes Around", said, "That, and some extended beating on an oil drum sculpture, made for the only unsavory moments of the night." Alice Fisher of the United Kingdom magazine The Observer believed the performance at the May 7, 2009, concert at Shepherd's Bush Empire in London, England "was undermined by the way Swift writhed on her stool and awkwardly thumped the piano lid in one of the most unconvincing displays of passion I've seen since Footballers' Wives finished." Swift also performed the song at an exclusive performance, hosted by 95.8 Capital FM, the 2009 Academy of Country Music Awards, and the 2009 CMA Music Festival. During her Speak Now World Tour, she used elements of "You're Not Sorry" and "Apologize" while performing "Back To December". She also performed the song three times during the Red Tour and the first night in Houston on the Eras Tour.

Charts

"You're Not Sorry"

"You're Not Sorry (Taylor's Version)"

Certifications

References

2000s ballads
2008 songs
Songs written by Taylor Swift
Taylor Swift songs
Song recordings produced by Taylor Swift
Song recordings produced by Nathan Chapman (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Chris Rowe
Big Machine Records singles
Rock ballads


The Sistema Michoacano de Radio y Televisión (Michoacán State Radio and Television System or SMRTV) is the public broadcaster of the Mexican state of Michoacán. It includes statewide FM and TV networks, as well as an AM radio station in the state capital of Morelia. SMRTV's programming primarily consists of scientific, cultural and educational content, along with news and sports coverage.

Television

Programming
SMRTV's television network includes its own productions as well as programs from other public broadcasters, such as Canal Once's Once Noticias. Canal 22 and Deutsche Welle are also among SMRTV's major program suppliers.

SMRTV also produces two daily editions of "SM Noticias", which are carried on AM, FM and TV.

Transmitters
SMRTV uses a network of terrestrial television transmitters to provide statewide coverage.

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While all stations hold authorizations for digital television, none were on the air as of late 2015; several stations reduced power in order to qualify for an extension of one year to build digital facilities. SMRTV digital transmitters use virtual channel 16.

The Huetamo transmitter was authorized in January 2017.

In March 2018, in order to facilitate the repacking of TV services out of the 600 MHz band (channels 38-51), XHPMG (22) and XHMOR (14) were assigned new channels for continued digital operations.

FM radio
The state FM network is headed by XHREL-FM 106.9 in Morelia. Its program schedule is largely musical, with the exception of SMRTV news programs and one program from MVS Radio.

Transmitters
12 transmitters offer statewide FM service.

AM radio
XEREL-AM 1550 in Morelia broadcasts an alternate program schedule to FM, with agricultural news, programs directed at the Morelia area and some music. The station operates with one kilowatt of power.

References

External links

Public television in Mexico
Public radio in Mexico
Mass media in Morelia
Radio stations in Michoacán
Spanish-language radio stations
Television stations in Michoacán


The  was a  rocket used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the final stages of World War II.

Development and design
The Type 4 rocket mortar was developed in the final stages of World War II by the Imperial Japanese Army Technical Bureau, as a relatively low-cost, easy to produce weapon, which had an advantage of greater accuracy over conventional mortars in that it fired a spin-stabilized projectile. The first units were deployed in 1943, and were used in limited numbers in combat during the Battle of Iwo Jima and Battle of Okinawa. Due to its ease of construction, it was produced in limited numbers and distributed to hidden arsenals for use as last-ditch weapons during the projected Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands.

Unlike the Type 4 20 cm rocket, which could be launched from an ordinary pipe or culvert with sufficient diameter, wooden rails, or even directly from a slope in the ground, the Type 4 40 cm rocket required specially designed launch rails.

References
 Bishop, Chris (eds) The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Barnes & Nobel. 1998.
 Chamberlain, Peter and Gander, Terry. Heavy Field Artillery. Macdonald and Jane's (1975).
 McLean, Donald B. Japanese Artillery; Weapons and Tactics. Wickenburg, Ariz.: Normount Technical Publications 1973. .
 US Department of War, TM 30-480, Handbook on Japanese Military Forces, Louisiana State University Press, 1994.

External links
 Type 4 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page

Notes

4
Rocket artillery
400 mm artillery
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1943


Tërpan is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Poliçan. The population at the 2011 census was 1,716.

References

Administrative units of Poliçan
Villages in Berat County


The Enterprise was an early steamboat operating on the Willamette River in Oregon and also one of the first to operate on the Fraser River in British Columbia. This vessel should not be confused with the many other vessels, some of similar design, also named Enterprise.   In earlier times, this vessel was sometimes called Tom Wright's Enterprise after one of her captains, the famous Tom Wright.

Construction
Enterprise was built at Canemah, Oregon in the fall of 1855 by Capt. Archibald Jamieson, Captain A.S. Murray, Amory Holbrook and John Torrence, in the fall of 1855, for the upper Willamette trade.  Her officers on the first trip upriver to Corvallis (then known as Marysville) were: Jamieson, captain ; Chandler, purser; and Torrence, engineer. George A. Pease was afterward employed as pilot, and John Marshall, engineer.

Operations on the Willamette River

From 1855 to 1858 Enterprise was operated on the Willamette River, running between Oregon City, Canemah, and Corvallis.  At that time Corvallis was considered to be the head of navigation on the Willamette.  Merchants above Corvallis tried to get Captain Jamieson to bring Enterprise, which he then commanded, above Corvallis, but he would not go farther than Orleans, then a small settlement on the east side of the river across from Corvallis.

Transfer to British Columbia

In July 1858, Jamieson sold Enterprise to Capt. Thomas A. Wright.  Jamieson used the money from the sale of Enterprise to build the steamer Onward.    Tom Wright became one of the most famous steamboat captains in the Pacific Northwest.  Like Jamieson, Wright was one of a family in the steamboat business.  His father was Capt. John T. Wright, who was the owner of other steamboats, such as Sea Bird and Commodore.  The other two sons, also steamboat captains, were George S. Wright and John T. Wright, Jr.

Tom Wright's plan for Enterprise was to take the vessel into British waters to serve the Fraser River Gold Rush.  The first part of the journey began by moving Enterprise from the upper to the lower Willamette River by lining the vessel over Willamette Falls.  These falls could not be navigated by steamboats, and indeed Captain Jamieson was later killed when a vessel under his command was accidentally swept over them and destroyed.  Lining was  procedure where a heavy cable was attached to the vessel, and then to a well-anchored windlass on shore.  Little by little the cable would be let out to allow the vessel to gradually pass over the falls to the lower river.

Wright then took Enterprise down the lower Willamette and Columbia rivers to Astoria, Oregon.  Once there, Wright arranged for an ocean-going steamship to tow Enterprise to Victoria, British Columbia.  Victoria, then the largest settlement on the Pacific Coast of North America north of San Francisco.  Enterprise left Astoria under tow, but the strong waves on the Columbia Bar caused Enterprise to be so terribly racked that the vessel began leaking, and it was only by luck that they got Enterprise back into shallow water at Astoria before she sank. She was raised and repaired, and started again in August for Victoria, again under tow.

Operations in British Columbia

Enterprise arrived in Victoria in the middle of August 1858.  'Other steamboats that arrived at Victoria at almost the same time that summer were Wilson G. Hunt, Martin White, and Maria.

Enterprise with other American steamboats obtained a license from the governor of British Columbia to operate in British territory.  Enterprise was the second steam-powered vessel to operate on the Fraser River, and had been brought up to Victoria in July 1858.  The first vessel was another American steamer, the Umatilla ex Fashion from the Columbia River.  Enterprise was very successful on the Fraser River, earning $25,000 in one trip up to Murderer's Bar, near Fort Hope, BC.  25,000 miners went into the Fraser diggings in the summer of 1858, but by the winter only 3,000 remained.

With the drop in the population of miners, by the fall of 1858, Enterprise was one of only two steamboats operating on the Fraser River, the other being Maria, under Capt. William A. Lubbock.  For a time at least, the two boats divided the traffic between them, with Maria running upriver from Fort Langley to Fort Hope and other points, and Enterprise running between Fort Langley and Victoria, on Vancouver Island.  With a monopoly on transport, the two boats were able to raise freight rates from $4 to $7 per ton in the summer to $60 a ton.  Beans that cost 3 cents a pound in Victoria cost 75 cents in Lytton, British Columbia.

On December 9, 1858, Enterprise was caught in the ice on the Fraser River between Fort Hope and Fort Langley.  The vessel was short on food and accommodations, and so 114  of the passengers decided to leave the steamer and walk the remaining distance to Fort Langley.  In the cold weather, this proved a mistake, as they had inadequate clothing and insufficient clothing and camping provisions to make the journey.  After three days in the ice, Captain Wright was able to hack the Enterprise free.  He then cruised up and down the river, eventually rescuing all of the passengers, many of whom were suffering from frostbite.

Enterprise built for  the Willamette River was not strong enough to regularly cross the often stormy Strait of Georgia, which was the body of water that separated Vancouver Island from the mouth of the Fraser River on the mainland.  The Wrights however had no choice in the matter if they were to remain in business, because the vessel they had been running on the route, the Sea Bird was destroyed by fire in the Strait of Georgia on September 7, 1858, while en route from Victoria to Fort Langley.  By the spring of 1859, Capt. John T. Wright was able to replace Sea Bird by purchasing an interest in the sidewheeler Eliza Anderson, and arranging to have the Anderson brought from Portland, Oregon where she had been recently built, to Victoria, BC, where she arrived in late March, 1859.  This allowed the Wrights to run the heavier more durable Anderson across the Straits to Fort Langley, while returning Enterprise to the 'Fraser River to make the run up from Fort Langley.

On March 30, 1859, with Captain Tom Wright in command, Enterprise set out upriver from Fort Langley (after meeting the Anderson).  The river was rising high with the rapidly melting snowfall, and with a new boiler installed in the Enterprise Captain Wright hoped to take the vessel all the way to Fort Yale.  Only one other steamboat had ever made it to Fort Yale, the Umatilla which by then was no longer on the Fraser River.  This time, Captain Wright was unable to go further up than Fort Hope.  Enterprise was not powerful enough to beat the strong currents forming whirlpools in the river.  Another constant hazard were logs caught in the river bottom, forming "snags" which could damage or destroy a steam vessel.

Failed transfer to Chehalis River

To command a steamboat at a time when there were neither roads nor railroads in the Pacific Northwest was to be in a spectacular opportunity to earn money.  Tom Wright never became rich because he could never settle down to running a vessel on a particular route for a sustained period of time.  As soon as he mastered one route, he would be looking for another one.  In June 1859 Captain Wright was ready to make another change.  Hearing of homesteading activity beginning in the valley of the Chehalis River, in the western part of what is now Washington, Wright determined to take Enterprise to the Chehalis.  This would require the lightly built Enterprise to be towed, in this case by the Eliza Anderson west through the Strait of Juan de Fuca and then south down the coast line of the Pacific Ocean to Grays Harbor.

The Chehalis River flows into Grays Harbor on its eastern shore, near where the modern cities of Aberdeen and Hoquiam, Washington are now located.  Wright begin this journey from Victoria on July 8, 1859, with Eliza Anderson towing Enterprise.  In the Strait of Juan de Fuca Enterprise broke a shaft on her sternwheel, and the entire expedition was forced to turn back to Esquimalt, where Enterprise had to wait for a replacement shaft to be brought in from San Francisco.

Run to San Juan Islands
Enterprise was repaired by the end of July 1859, and by that time there was a demand for steamers to carry troops to the San Juan Islands.  At that time the boundary between the United States and British Columbia was in dispute, with both countries claiming the San Juan Islands.  British and American garrisons were established on San Juan Island.  At one point a soldier shot a pig belonging to a partisan of the opposing country, and as a result the otherwise bloodless standoff became known as the Pig War.  Steamboats in the area received contracts from both countries to move troops and supplies to the islands in connection with the dispute.  Once Enterprise was repaired, Tom Wright postponed his plans to move the vessel to the Chehalis to take advantage of the increase in business, making a run on August 1, 1859, from Victoria to San Juan Island carrying passengers.

Completed transfer to Chehalis River
Following the San Juan Island trip, Tom Wright was finally able to get Enterprise around Cape Flattery and south to Grays Harbor and the Chehalis River.   Wright's plan had been to earn huge freight rates and passenger fares from what he had thought would be the booming population in the Chehalis valley, Wright worked Enterprise to the head of navigation on the Chehalis, sinking three times on the way.  When he finally arrived at the headwaters, Wright found not a booming population ready to pay lots of money for steamboat service, but only five farmers who offered to sell Wright a few eggs, butter and vegetables for fifty dollars.  Disgusted with the situation, Wright tied up the Enterprise and returned to Puget Sound.

By the spring of 1860, Wright was able to arrange a government contract to transport troops down the Chehalis River to Grays Harbor, and so was able to recoup some of his losses.  Once the government contract work expired, there was no further business in the Grays Harbor area.  Unable to move the lightly built vessel again on the open ocean, Wright dismantled Enterprise at Grays Harbor, with the machinery being shipped to China.

See also
Enterprise (1862)

Notes

Further reading
 Faber, Jim, Steamer's Wake -- Voyaging down the old marine highways of Puget Sound, British Columbia, and the Columbia River, Enetai Press, Seattle, WA 1985
 Newell, Gordon R., and Williamson, Joe, Pacific Steamboats, Bonanza Books, New York, NY (1958)

Steamboats of Washington (state)
Steamboats of the Willamette River
Gold rushes
Paddle steamers of British Columbia
Steamboats of Oregon


Combpyne railway station was the intermediate station on the Lyme Regis branch line in East Devon, England. Serving the village of Combpyne, it was sited high on the sharp bend that changed the course of the line from south to an easterly direction.

History
Opened on 24 August 1903 by the Axminster and Lyme Regis Railway, which was authorised under the Light Railways Act 1896, it was operated from the start by the London and South Western Railway then by the Southern Railway. The line then passed on to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. A camping coach was positioned here by the Southern Region from 1954 to 1963. The line was transferred to the Western Region of British Railways in January 1963. It was then closed by the British Railways Board on 29 November 1965.

Buildings
A station consisted of a single short platform with a station house on a nearby road.

The site today
The former station house still exists.

References

Further reading

External links
 Compyne station on navigable 1946 O. S. map
Combpyne station on Sub Brit

Disused railway stations in Devon
Former London and South Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1903
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Beeching closures in England


Vërtop is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Poliçan. The population at the 2011 census was 4,919.

Notable people
Jani Vruho

References

Administrative units of Poliçan
Villages in Berat County


Lino Liviabella (7 April 1902 – 21 October 1964) was an Italian composer. Liviabella was born in Macerata.  In 1936 he won a silver medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his "La vittoria" ("The Victor"). He died, aged 62, in Bologna.

Selected works
Chamber music

 Sonata No. 1 in A minor for violin and piano (1920–1928)
 Natale, Suite for violin and piano (1923)
 Sonatina per l'Elevazione for violin and harmonium (1924)
 Canzonetta for violin and piano (1925)
 Aria for violin and organ or harmonium (1925)
 String Quartet No. 1 (1926)
 Danza for violin solo (1926)
 Adagio for oboe and piano (1926)
 S. Francesco, Meditazione for viola, 2 violins, double bass and organ (1926)
 Due espressioni liriche (2 Lyric Expressions) for string quartet (1927)
 Preludio in modo minore for 2 violins, cello and harmonium (1928)
 String Quartet No. 2 (1929)
 Bululù, Marionetta meccanica del romanzo “Eva ultima” di Massimo Bontempelli for violin and piano (1930)
 Canto andaluso for violin and piano (1930)
 Sonata ciclica for cello and piano (1931)
 Sonata No. 2 in One Movement for violin and piano (1932)
 Lento for flute, 2 violins, piano and harp
 Sonata No. 3 in One Movement for violin and piano (1934)
 Largo for cello and piano (1936)
 Canto per la Prima Comunione di Laura e Lucio for violin and harmonium (1942)
 Pastorale for violin or oboe and piano (1943)
 Lucio e Renato, Marcetta for violin and piano (1944)
 Scherzo for oboe and piano (1948)
 String Quartet No. 3 in One Movement (1948)
 Piano Trio (1948)
 Sonata No. 1 in One Movement (Prima Sonata in un tempo) for viola and piano (1950)
 Divertimento for flute, violin, viola, cello and harp (1950–1953)
 Divertimento for flute, cello and piano (1954)
 String Quartet No. 4 "La melanconia" (1955)
 Concerto in One Movement for violin and piano (1956)
 Tre momenti (3 Moments) for viola and piano (1956)
 Tre pezzi (3 Pieces) for flute and harp or piano (1956)
 Tre pezzi (3 Pieces) for flute, oboe, and harp or piano (1956)
 Sette duetti miniatura (7 Miniature Duets) for violin and viola (1957)
 Sonata No. 2 for viola and piano (1957)
 Quattro brani nuziali (4 Wedding Songs) for viola and organ or harmonium (1961)

 Operas
 Santina (1922)
 Zanira (1924)
 Antigone (1942)
 La Conchiglia (1955)
 Canto di Natale (1963)

References

External links

 profile

1902 births
1964 deaths
Italian male composers
Olympic silver medalists in art competitions
People from Macerata
20th-century Italian composers
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
20th-century Italian male musicians
Olympic competitors in art competitions


Quem quer ser milionário? is the Portuguese adaptation of the British game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. Broadcast by RTP1 since its debut on 24 January 2000, the show has aired intermittently in the ensuing decades, with several different hosts.

Money tree

Original format

Hot Seat format

History
The first episode was shown on RTP1, presented by Carlos Cruz and with a jackpot of 50 million Portuguese escudos. The original version of the show ran until April 2001, being later presented by Maria Elisa Domingues and Diogo Infante.

The show returned in September 2003 with Jorge Gabriel as host. He remained in position until 2008, though the show had a hiatus between 2006 and 2007.

From July 2010 to September 2011, and again in 2015, José Carlos Malato presented a Hotseat version of the show titled Quem quer ser milionário? Alta Pressão. Inbetween, from September 2013 to April 2015, a regular version was hosted by Manuela Moura Guedes.

For the show's 20th anniversary, the Hotseat version returned in June 2020, hosted by Filomena Cautela and with a jackpot of €50,000.

References

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
2000 Portuguese television series debuts
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal original programming


The Turbomeca Aubisque was a small turbofan engine designed and produced by Turbomeca in the 1960s. Its only application was the Saab 105 military trainer aircraft as the RM9. The engine is named after the Col d'Aubisque in the Pyrenees mountains, in line with company tradition.

The earlier Turbomeca Marboré turbojet was originally intended for the Saab 105, but when Saab needed more thrust than the Marboré produced, Turbomeca offered the Aubisque turbofan, a turbofan version of the Turbomeca Bastan turboprop. The Aubisque went into production for the Saab 105 and about 300 were produced, remaining in service for 30 years until replaced in the mid-1990s, by the Williams FJ44 turbofan, for surviving Swedish Air Force Saab 105s.

Applications
 Saab 105

Specifications (Aubisque 1A)

See also

References

Further reading

Aubisque
Low-bypass turbofan engines
1960s turbofan engines
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines


Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii (Treatise on Saint Patrick's Purgatory) is a Latin text written about 1180–1184 by a monk who identified himself as H. of Saltrey. The author is traditionally known as Henry, though this was an insertion and invention of Matthew of Paris and has been contested in the influential work of historian Jacques le Goff. H de Saltrey was a Cistercian in Huntingdonshire.

Date and provenance
The Tractatus tells of the journey of an Irish knight, Owein (a version of the Irish name Eógan), to St Patrick's Purgatory in Lough Derg, County Donegal, now in the Republic of Ireland, where he journeys through Purgatory and the Earthly Paradise. Owein's journey is dated by Henry of Saltrey to the reign of King Stephen of England between 1135 and 1154. Henry states that his source was Gilbert, a monk in Lincoln who visited Ireland in 1148 to found a monastery at Baltinglass in County Wicklow. Since Gilbert spoke no Irish, he was introduced to the knight Owein, who became his interpreter during his two-year stay in Ireland.

The text
The Tractatus is dedicated to Abbot Hugh of Sartris. The introductory section is composed of six parts, a theological survey of the otherworld, an account of Irish scepticism of Saint Patrick's teaching, an example given by Gilbert of the savagery of the Irish, how Christ revealed Saint Patrick's Purgatory to Patrick, an account of a saintly former prior at the Purgatory, and the rituals practiced by the pilgrims who came there.

The narrative of Owein's visit begins with an account of how the knight was moved to make reparation for his sins after attending confession. On entering the cave he made his way to a great field in which was a hall which resembled a cloister. There he was greeted by fifteen men who appeared to be monks and were dressed entirely in white. Their prior gave Owein advice on how he should complete his journey safely, by calling on the name of Jesus Christ if ever he found himself in difficulty. Shortly after the men had departed Owein heard a great roar and a vast number of demons rushed towards him. These demons bind Owein and throw him into a fire, but he is delivered when he calls on Christ.

Owein journeys across a series of plains where the souls in purgatory undergo tortures at the hand of demons. The sufferings of the souls in purgatory are described in detailed and vivid terms. The demons repeatedly try to torture Owein, but he escapes each time he utters Christ's name. Finally he comes to a great, fiery river which emits a great stench and is filled with demons. The demons reveal that beneath this river is the entrance to Hell. A narrow and slippery bridge provides the only means of traversing this river safely. When Owein calls upon the name of Jesus the bridge widens enough for him to cross comfortably.

The account of purgatory is followed by a homily comparing the severity of purgatorial pains with the sufferings of the present world and exhorting the reader to pray for the dead.

On the other side of the bridge lies the Earthly Paradise. Two archbishops greet Owein and take him through a land filled with flowers, singing, sweet smells and joy. Owein is told that this is a place of rest for souls who have been purified in purgatory before their entry into heaven. The archbishops take the knight to the top of a high mountain from where he can make out the gates of the celestial heaven.

A second homily is inserted here asking the reader to always remember the happiness of the saints and the pain of the sinful.

Owein receives some of the manna-like heavenly food which the inhabitants of both the celestial and earthly paradises enjoy. He is then told he must return to the world to live out the rest of his life. He returns by the way he came and this time the devils flee from him in terror.

Henry concludes by relating how Gilbert met Owein and recounted his tale to Henry himself. Gilbert's also gives the testimony of a monk who was abducted by devils one night as further proof of the authenticity of Owein's story. Henry adds an account of his own researches into the story. He interviewed two Irish abbots about the purgatory and bishop Florentianus, who gives an account of a hermit living near Lough Derg who is visited by demons.

Influence
The Tractatus was arguably the most popular vision of Purgatory throughout the Middle Ages and survives in over 30 versions in almost every European vernacular. More than 150 manuscripts of the Latin text are extant. It was read and adapted long after several ideas feature prominently in it fell out of mainstream belief (e.g. the idea of the earthly paradise as an afterlife location where souls would spend time between their period in purgatory and their entry into heaven).

Among the most famous versions of the Tractatus is the Anglo-Norman translation the Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick by Marie de France. The Auchinleck manuscript preserves a version in Middle English verse. The story was almost certainly known to Dante.

In its themes, Irish background, and breadth of influence, it is comparable to the Visio Tnugdali. The two texts are nearly contemporary and frequently appear in the same manuscripts. Like the Visio Tnugdali, the Tractatus was instrumental in shaping popular ideas of the Otherworld.

References

Bibliography
Easting, Robert: The Date and Dedication of the Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii.: Speculum, Jahrgang 53, Heft 4/10/1978, pp. 778–783.
Haren, Michael and Yolande de Pontfarcy, The Medieval Pilgrimage to St Patrick's Purgatory: Lough Derg and the European Tradition Clogher Historical Society, 1988.
Zaleski, Carol G.: St. Patrick's Purgatory: Pilgrimage Motifs in a Medieval Otherworld Vision.: Journal of the History of Ideas, Jahrgang 46, Heft 4, 1985, pp. 467–485.
Le Goff, Jacques: Die Geburt des Fegefeuers: Vom Wandel des Weltbildes im Mittelalter. Klett-Cotta im Deutschen Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1990, .

12th-century Latin books
Visionary literature
Irish literature
Literature of England
Treatises


IRSA (Institute for Art Historical Research) primarily operates as a publishing house in the field of scholarly art historical texts. It is the publisher of the international periodical Artibus et Historiae; however, it also publishes important volumes by eminent scholars through its Bibliotheca Artibus et Historiae. Among its publications are exhibition catalogues, artists’ biographies and autobiographies, and even a book of poetry.

In addition to publishing scholarly texts, IRSA organizes research work and exhibitions of historical and contemporary art, to which it supplements catalogues.

Within the framework of its activities, IRSA collaborates with both universities and museums worldwide.

History

Established in 1979 by the Polish art historian Józef Grabski, the Institute was initially based in Venice (1979–1982) and hence the acronym IRSA, Istituto per le Ricerche di Storia dell’Arte. From there it moved to Florence and Vienna, and finally in 1996 to Cracow, Poland.

Dr. Grabski’s initiative to create a new art periodical as the main activity of the institute was the result of what was observed as a lack of an independent and, significantly, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to art history. His idea came to fruition with a group of art historians gathered after the International Congress of the History of Art (CIHA) in Bologna in 1979 and IRSA as an Institute and as a publisher came into being. That same year (but already dated 1980) the first issue of Artibus et Historiae appeared. Since that time the periodical has appeared in uninterrupted sequence on a semi-annual basis.

In 2019 IRSA will celebrate 40 years as an international institute and publishing house.

References

External links
 IRSA website

Publishing companies of Poland


The 1970 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at Warwick Farm Raceway in New South Wales, Australia on 22 November 1970. The race, which was the thirty fifth Australian Grand Prix, was open to Formula 5000 cars, 2.5-litre Australian Formula 1 cars and Australian Formula 2 cars. For the first time since 1956, the race was not a round of either the Australian Drivers' Championship or the Tasman Series.

Frank Matich started from pole position, won the race, his first Australian Grand Prix victory, and set the fastest race lap.

Classification

Results as follows:

Qualifying

Race

Notes
Pole position: Frank Matich - 1'23.9
Fastest lap: Frank Matich - 1'24.8

References

Grand Prix
Australian Grand Prix
Formula 5000 race reports
Motorsport at Warwick Farm
Australian Grand Prix


is a Japanese film producer and a critic, and also as known as , a music producer.

Biography
Tatsuya Kimura was born in 1964 in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Debuted as a critic in his high school days. He graduated Waseda University in Tokyo in 1987.

In 1993, he joined in and wrote for Cahiers du cinéma Japon with Shinji Aoyama, Kiyoshi Kurosawa and Makoto Shinozaki. During 2003 - 2007, he nominated newcomers for Kido Award and found new scenarists, Ryō Wada, Tomonori Ozaki and Sachiko Tanaka (later, a writer for Kiyoshi Kurosawa's Tokyo Sonata). He worked for The 49th Asia Pacific Film Festival as a director in 2004. In December 2005, Jury for The 9th Scenario Award in Hakodate Port Illumination Film Festival 2005, with Yoichi Sai, George Iida and Hiroshi Aramata. In February 2006, he acted with his friends and artists like Ay-O, Genpei Akasegawa and Ryuichi Sakamoto in Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo for the first event in the world for Nam June Paik's death.

Selected filmography
 The Hitman: Blood Smells Like Roses (ザ・ヒットマン 血はバラの匂い, 1991) as an assistant director
 J movie wars: Tsuki wa dotchi ni dete iru (月はどっちに出ている, 1993) - Japanese Professional Movie Award 1994
 Mechanical Violator Hakaider (人造人間ハカイダー, 1995)
 Blooming Again (死に花, 2004)
 Taitei no Ken (大帝の剣, 2007)
 God's Puzzle (神様のパズル, 2008)
 The Harimaya Bridge (The Harimaya Bridge はりまや橋, 2009)
 Boku to mama no kiiroi jitensha (ぼくとママの黄色い自転車, 2009)

References

External links

 Tatsuya Kimura works - Bibliography (ja)
 Picture Yourself Sound School - Picture Yourself Sound School Official Weblog (ja)

Japanese film producers
Japanese record producers
Japanese DJs
Japanese screenwriters
Japanese music critics
Japanese film critics
Japanese art critics
1964 births
Living people
People from Kyoto
Waseda University alumni


The Norwegian Support Committee for Chechnya () is a Norwegian advocacy group supportive of Chechen autonomy.

Organization
Non-partisan, its purpose is to "work for immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal of all Russian military forces [from Chechnya] and for the right of the Chechen people to autonomy". In addition it works to spread information about the situation in Chechnya, to help organize developmental support within Chechnya, and to assist Chechen refugees in Norway and other countries.

Its board of directors are chaired by Hilde Jørgensen. Members of the board include former national legislator Ingvald Godal and the Norwegian PEN chairman Kjell Olaf Jensen.

Attention
The committee has played a somewhat controversial role in Norwegian politics. Following the Moscow theater hostage crisis in October 2002, Ingvald Godal said of the terrorists that "I understand their action, even though I do not defend it". He later claimed that he failedly attempted to enlist Norway as a negotiator during the crisis. In November the same year, ahead of a state visit by Vladimir Putin in Norway, Ingvald Godal filed a prosecution request to the Police of Norway. He also suggested that the Prime Minister of Norway take initiative to an international criminal tribunal for Chechnya. The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs replied that a police prosecution of a foreign head of state is not possible, and rebuffed the latter proposal.

During Putin's visit, the committee held a demonstration together with Amnesty International, the Norwegian Helsinki Committee for Human Rights and Norwegian Church Aid. The committee has engaged in other peaceful protests, such as a 2007 memorial of Anna Politkovskaya in cooperation with the Helsinki Committee, the Norwegian PEN, the Human Rights House, the Norwegian Union of Journalists and Nobel Peace Center.

In 2004 the committee and the Socialist Left Party of Norway invited Ahmed Zakayev, a separatist exiled in the United Kingdom, to visit Norway. The Norwegian ambassador to Russia Øyvind Nordsletten received a letter from the Solicitor General of Russia, who called the visit "blasphemous" and demanded extradition. Another visit to Norway by Zakayev followed in December 2004. As a result, counsellor Paul G. Larsen at the Embassy of Norway in Moscow was summoned to the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in what journalist Carsten Thomassen described as a "forceful diplomatic reaction".

See also
Norway–Russia relations

References

Chechnya
Political advocacy groups in Norway


Louis Barnett Abrahams (3 October 1839 – 3 June 1918) was a British educator, the headmaster of the Jews' Free School in London.

Abrahams was prominent, and articles about him appeared regularly in mainstream British Jewish publications in his lifetime, including The Jewish Chronicle, The Jewish Encyclopedia, the Jewish Yearbook (UK - 1899), and the Young Israel (December 1899).

Education and teaching
Abrahams began his studies at the Manchester Hebrew School, but left there to go to London, where he lived with his uncle, Rabbi Aaron Levy, a sofer and dayan (judge) on the London Beth Din. He became a student-teacher at the Jews' Free School on 1 June 1854, and then entered the University of London, completing a bachelor's of arts degree in 1863.

He became a teacher at the Jews' Free School, and became head of the English department in 1864. While continuing to teach there, he also studied at John Curwen's Tonic Sol-Fa College, graduating in 1874 and adding music to the subjects he taught at the Jews' Free School. He became a school administrator in 1884 and headmaster in 1897, succeeding Moses Angel.

As Moses Angel did before him, Abrahams disliked the Yiddish spoken by Jews newly arrived to England in a wave of immigration from Russia. In a 1905 speech at a prize-giving ceremony, he called Yiddish "that miserable jargon which was not a language at all". Instead, he favored immersion in English as a way of quickly assimilating Yiddish-speaking students. Along with the introduction of music to the curriculum, he founded a cadet corps at the school, built a gymnasium, and organized sporting activities for the students. He also moved the school away from purely theoretical studies and towards technical and vocational training, by opening new physics and chemistry laboratories and woodworking and metalworking shops. Under his leadership the school became "the largest public elementary school in the world". He retired from the school in 1907.

Other activities
Abrahams founded a periodical, the Jewish Record, in 1868, and served as its first editor for three years. He also helped found the Jewish Educational Board and the Teachers' Training Committee, and worked with several local benevolent societies. After retiring, he became honorary president of the synagogue at Westcliff-on-Sea.

A portrait of Abrahams by Solomon Joseph Solomon was a part of an exhibition at the Burlington House in the Royal Academy of Arts in 1908.

Personal
Abrahams was born on 3 October 1839 in Swansea.
His father, Barnett Abrahams (1785–1868), taught Hebrew there, and became cantor in Manchester in 1845. His mother, Hannah, was Barnett's second wife, came from a Polish family, and died in 1868. Abrahams married Fannie Rosetta Mosely on 11 February 1869; they had two children. His son, Bertram Louis Abrahams (1870–1908) was a physician, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. He died on 3 June 1918.

Publications
Abrahams was the author of:
Murby's Chronological History of England (1870)
A manual of Scriptural History for Jewish Schools and Families (1882)
A Translation of the Prayer-Book for School Use (1908)
His translation of the prayer-book was widely used in Jewish schools throughout England.

A sonnet by Abrahams was included in The Standard Book of Jewish Verse.

References

1839 births
1918 deaths
People from Swansea
Welsh Jews
Heads of schools in London
Jewish educators
Alumni of the University of London
English editors
Welsh editors
20th-century British educators
19th-century British educators


Sir Robert Tuite Boothby KBE (29 June 1871 – 7 February 1941) was a British banker.

Career

He was born in St Andrews in Fife, the son of Col Robert Tod Boothby of the Royal Artillery, and his wife Madeline Condie.

Boothby studied at the University of St Andrews. He was the manager of the Scottish Provident Institution from 1920 to 1940, and a director of the Bank of Scotland. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1929, and was also a member of the Royal Company of Archers.

He lived in Beechwood House in Corstorphine, previously the home of Sir Alexander Asher.

He is buried with his wife in Corstorphine churchyard in Edinburgh immediately east of the church.

Family
His brother-in-law was James Graham Watson, his predecessor at Scottish Life.

He married Mabel Lancaster, daughter of Henry Hill Lancaster, on 27 September 1898. They had one son, Robert Boothby, born in 1900.

References

Scottish bankers
1871 births
1941 deaths
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Directors of the Bank of Scotland
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Royal Company of Archers
Businesspeople from Edinburgh


The Real Estate and Business Brokers Acts is the legislation regulating the individual brokers and businesses registered to trade in real estate in Ontario, Canada. The most recent version, the Real Estate and Business Brokers Acts, 2002, came into force in Ontario, Canada on March 31, 2006. Sections 50 to 53, dealing with the creation of regulations, were enabled on November 7, 2005. Section 8, dealing with specialist certifications, has yet to be proclaimed. REBBA is administered by the Real Estate Council of Ontario on behalf of the Ontario Ministry of Consumer Services.

The Real Estate and Business Brokers Act, 2002, replaces the Real Estate and Business Brokers Act, 1990.  Notable changes with the new legislation include:
 modernized framework for registering and regulating brokerages, brokers and salespersons
 rules of trading moved from previous Act to new Act's Regulations
 procedures and programs previously found in RECO by-laws, e.g., insurance, continuing education, code of ethics and complaints process
 increased maximum fines for violations of the Act

The first Real Estate Brokers Act was passed in Ontario in 1930.

See also
 Mortgage Brokerages, Lenders and Administrators Act

References

External links

 RECO Guide to REBBA 2002

Real estate in Canada
Ontario provincial legislation
2002 in Canadian law
2002 in Ontario
Housing legislation in Canada


Olong O. "Ollie" Ogbu (born May 18, 1987) is a Defensive Line coach for Lake Erie College in Painesville, Ohio. Prior to this year he coached Defensive Line at Wagner College, The University of New Haven, Blinn College & Montana State University- Northern. Previously an American Football defensive end for the Spring League and Hudson Valley Fort of the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL). Before signing with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2011, he was a team captain and four-year starter at Penn State.

Early years
At St. Joseph by the Sea High School, Ogbu’s speed and strength on the football field caught the attention of then Penn State assistant coach Brian Norwood, who recruited him to come to Penn State. He spent one year at Milford Academy, where he was named a PrepStar Magazine All-American.

College career
Nicknamed "The Staten Island Ferry" by Penn State Head Coach Joe Paterno when he arrived on campus in 2006, Ogbu redshirted his freshman year. He played in every game of the 2007 season, and was the starter for all but a couple. He finished the season with 18 tackles, 10 tackles-for-loss, one sack, and one forced fumble. He was named to the Sporting News Freshman All-Big Ten team.

Ogbu was selected to play in the 86th East-West Shrine Game played on January 22, 2011, at the Citrus Bowl Stadium in Orlando, Florida.

Ogbu earned dual Bachelor of Arts degrees in Crime, Law & Justice, and Sociology from Penn State in 2010. He is a charter member of the Eta Alpha chapter of Iota Phi Theta fraternity.

Professional career
Ogbu was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Indianapolis Colts on July 29, 2011 following the 2011 NFL lockout.

On July 22, 2012, the Colts traded him to the Philadelphia Eagles for cornerback D. J. Johnson.

On October 3, 2012, the CFL's Montreal Alouettes announced his addition to their practice roster, although later in the season, he was added to the active roster and started in three games. He had 7 tackles and a fumble recovery in the three games.

On March 10, 2014, the SaberCats traded him to the Los Angeles Kiss for Marc Schiechl. He was placed on reassignment on May 2, 2014.

References

External links
Philadelphia Eagles bio
Indianapolis Colts bio

1987 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Milford Academy alumni
African-American players of American football
Players of American football from New York (state)
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Sportspeople from Staten Island
Indianapolis Colts players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Montreal Alouettes players
San Jose SaberCats players
Los Angeles Kiss players
Hudson Valley Fort players
St. Joseph by the Sea High School alumni


Best Dressed Chicken in Town is the debut album by Jamaican deejay Dr. Alimantado. It was first released in 1978, and collects many of his self-produced singles from 1972 to 1978
, employing the engineering talents of Lee "Scratch" Perry, King Tubby, and Scientist. It was the first album released by Greensleeves Records, and found favour with followers of both reggae and punk rock in the United Kingdom. The album employed several major hits as the basis for the tracks, including Horace Andy's versions of "Ain't No Sunshine" (on the title track) and "A Quiet Place" ("Poison Flour" and "I Shall Fear No Evil"), John Holt's "Ali Baba" ("I Killed the Barber"), and Gregory Isaacs' "Thief a Man" (on "Gimmie Mi Gun") and "My Religion" ("Unitone Skank"). The album was described by The Independent as "one of the finest albums from reggae's golden age".<ref name="Birrell">Birrell, Ian (2005) "CULT CLASSICS: 4: 'Best Dressed Chicken in Town'", The Independent, May 6, 2005, retrieved 2 November 2008</ref>

The front cover photography is credited to D.K. James and the back cover artwork and photography to David Hendley.

 Release history
The album was originally issued in 1978 on Greensleeves and on the Barclay label. The album was reissued on Alimantado's own Keyman'' label on vinyl and CD in 1987, with extra tracks from that era, and reissued in 2001 by Greensleeves as part of their reissue programme of classic albums. In 2007 the album was reissued again to mark Greensleeves' 30th anniversary.

Track listing
All tracks composed and arranged by Winston Thompson

Original album release
 "Best Dressed Chicken in Town" engineer - Upsetter at Black Ark, 1974
 "Just The Other Day" vocals - Droopy; engineer - King Tubby at King Tubby's, 1973
 "Poison Flour"  vocals - Horace Andy; engineer - Philip Smart at King Tubby's, 1975
 "Gimmie Mi Gun" vocals - Gregory Isaacs; engineer - Lancelot "Maxie" McKenzie at Channel One, 1976
 "I Killed The Barber" vocals - Jackie Edwards; engineer - Philip Smart at King Tubby's, 1975
 "Unitone Skank" vocals - Gregory Isaacs; engineer - Pat Kelly at Randy's, 1976
 "Can't Conquer Natty Dreadlocks" engineer - Upsetter at Black Ark, 1974
 "Ride On" vocals - Jah Woosh and Jimmy Radwell; engineer - Upsetter at Black Ark, 1973
 "Plead I Cause" engineer - King Tubby at King Tubby's, 1973
 "I Shall Fear No Evil" engineer - Philip Smart at King Tubby's, 1975

1987 Keyman/2001 Greensleeves releases
 "Best Dressed Chicken in Town"
 "Just The Other Day"
 "Poison Flour"
 "Gimmie Mi Gun"
 "I Killed The Barber"
 "Ital Galore" engineer - King Tubby
 "I am the Greatest Says Muhammad Ali" engineer - Upsetter
 "Johnny Was a Baker" engineer - Augustus "Gussie" Clarke
 "Tribute to the Duke"
 "Unitone Skank"
 "Can't Conquer Natty Dreadlocks"
 "Ride On"
 "Plead I Cause"
 "I Shall Fear No Evil"

2007 Greensleeves 30th anniversary release
 "Best Dressed Chicken in Town"
 "Just The Other Day"
 "Poison Flour"
 "Gimmie Mi Gun"
 "I Killed The Barber"
 "Unitone Skank"
 "Can't Conquer Natty Dreadlocks"
 "Ride On"
 "Plead I Cause"
 "I Shall Fear No Evil"
 "Ital Galore"
 "I am the Greatest Says Muhammad Ali"
 "Johnny Was a Baker"
 "Tribute to the Duke"

References

1978 compilation albums
Dr Alimantado albums
Reggae compilation albums
Greensleeves Records albums


Solomon and Marcolf is a medieval narrative describing the adventures and conversations of Solomon and Marcolf, or Marolf. The adventures have some connection with those of Ashmedai, while the conversations consist chiefly of riddles similar to those put to Solomon by the Queen of Sheba. The exact extent of its indebtedness to the Haggadah is somewhat doubtful, though it is practically certain that the various versions are derived from an Eastern original.

Text and history

In Polish, in 1521 in Krakow, a book was published, titled "The talks that the king Salomon the clever had with Marchołt [Marcolf, Markolf] fat and bawdy, however, as they say, very eloquent".
The earliest known versions of the tale in Old English are the ones commonly referred to as Solomon and Saturn, first published by J. N. Kemble in 1848, for the Ælfric Society. The tale was popular in Germany, where Marcolf, or Marolf, became a sort of type of the "wise fool". It was first printed under the title Dis buch seit von kunig salomon vnd siner huß frouwen Salome wie sy der künig fore nam vnd wie sy Morolff künig salomon brüder wider brocht in Strasbourg by the printer Matthias Hupfuff in 1499, with woodcut illustrations.
Latin versions of it were often appended to the "Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum". Both Hans Folz and Hans Sachs made use of the legend. A French version was made by Pierre Mauclerc, Count of Brittany, in the thirteenth century.

In Italian, Giulio Cesare Croce adopted it in his "Bertoldo", another name for Marcolf. This was developed into a book at Bologna in 1736. Other versions occur in the Bolognese and Venetian dialects, and in Dutch, Greek, Polish, Icelandic, and Welsh. There are two editions in English, one published by Gerard Leeu (Antwerp, 1492), and another, Sayings or Proverbes of King Solomon, with the Answers of Marcolfus, printed by Richard Pynson in 1530, a version of the much shorter French Dictionnaire de Salomon.

Editions and translations

   (w. trans.)

Studies

Notes

References

Jewish medieval literature
Solomon


Amale  () is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,031 people living in 334 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Powerslave may refer to:

 Powerslave, a 1984 album by Iron Maiden
 "Powerslave" (song), the title track from that album
 PowerSlave, a first-person shooter video game (also known as Exhumed in European territories and A.D. 1999: Pharaoh's Revival in Japan)


Crossota norvegica is a species of hydrozoan in the family Rhopalonematidae. It is closely related to Crossota millsae and is found in the Arctic Ocean at depths below . Crossota norvegica is also known as the deep red jellyfish. This species is described as "alien-like" and is known for its vibrant red hue. It is a small cnidarian, reaching only up to 2 cm in its body size.

Description
Unlike other cnidarians, Crossota norvegica lives its entire life in the planktonic stage or the planula stage, instead of experiencing both the sessile stage and planula stage. Another unique trait off this species is that it does not develop into a polyp. Polyps typically produce the sexual reproduction gametes of cnidarians by budding. These polyps are stationary and non-moving forms of cnidarians (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Others will reproduce sexually in the medusa stage, where they are free-swimming cnidarians. During this stage they are typically very small, around 1-50mm in diameter. It is unclear whether or not this species is dioecious, meaning that it needs both a male and a female in order to reproduce. Alternatively, some hydrozoa, but not all, can be sequential hermaphrodites where they can produce and fertilize eggs on their own, without a partner. Crossota norvegica is closely related to the Crossota millsae, in which both males and females have been found and described to reproduce together. As a part of the cnidarian family, they have ectodermal cells that contain nematocysts (cnidae). Some of these nematocysts have the ability to sting. Along the cnidae are spines that will produce an acid. When the cnidae comes into contact, the nematocysts get stuck into prey. Though these are a very common type of cnidae, not all cnidae have the ability to produce acid to stun prey.

Habitat and diet
Crossota norvegica lives in temperatures ranging from 3.7˚C to 3.9˚C. This species has been found in waters deeper than 2,500 m. Its diet is currently unknown. Many Hydrozoa will feed on small zooplankton by use of their tentacles, whereas others eat phytoplankton.

Philatelic error
Crossota norvegica appeared on a stamp issued by Canada in 2007 to commemorate the International Polar Year. Unfortunately, the name on the stamp was given as Crossota millsaeare, a misspelling of Crossota millsae.

References

Rhopalonematidae
Animals described in 1902


Perondi is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Kuçovë. The population at the 2011 census was 9,005.

General information
The municipality of Perondi was the biggest one of the former Kuçovë District. It is located south-east of the city of Kuçova. It has around 10 000 inhabitants and includes villages of; Perondi, Tapi, Rreth-Tapi, Magjate, Goraj, Velagosht, Drize and Dikater. Perondi is the primeval village in all region and it supposes it has been built since Byzantine Empire.  The church in the center of Perondi was built in the 11th century.

References

Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Kuçovë
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


William Welsh may refer to:
William Welsh (RAF officer) (1891–1962), British Royal Air Force officer
Willie Welsh (1907–1987), Scottish rugby player
William Welsh (actor) (1870–1946), American actor
William Welsh (Canadian politician) (1822–1905), merchant, ship owner and politician in Prince Edward Island
William Welsh (footballer) (fl. 1919–20), footballer for Grimsby Town
William P. Welsh (1889–1984), American muralist, portrait painter, and illustrator
William Halliday Welsh (1879–1972), Scottish rugby union player
Bill Welsh (1911–2000), American television announcer
Bill Welsh (footballer, born 1908) (1908–1987), Australian rules footballer for Geelong
Bill Welsh (footballer, born 1924) (1924–2019), Australian rules footballer for Collingwood
William Welsh, brother of John Welsh

See also
William Welch (disambiguation)
Bill Walsh (disambiguation)
William Walsh (disambiguation)


The Elliot Formation is a geological formation and forms part of the Stormberg Group, the uppermost geological group that comprises the greater Karoo Supergroup. Outcrops of the Elliot Formation have been found in the northern Eastern Cape, southern Free State, and in the eastern KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. Outcrops and exposures are also found in several localities in Lesotho such as Qacha's Neck, Hill Top, Quthing, and near the capital, Maseru. The Elliot Formation is further divided into the lower (LEF) and upper (UEF) Elliot formations to differentiate significant sedimentological differences between these layers. The LEF is dominantly Late Triassic (Norian-Hettangian) in age while the UEF is mainly Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) and is tentatively regarded to preserve a continental record of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in southern Africa. This geological formation is named after the town of Elliot in the Eastern Cape, and its stratotype locality is located on the Barkly Pass, 9 km north of the town.

Geology
The Elliot Formation unconformably overlies the Molteno Formation and is conformably overlain by the Clarens Formation. Due to the reddish colour of the rocks, the Elliot Formation is colloquially referred to as the “Red Beds” in older geologic literature.

The Elliot Formation is dominated by mudstones and siltstones that can be finely laminated. However, the internal structures in the mudstones are often not visible due to locally poor laminations. Calcareous nodules are also found in the mudstone layers and become more frequent up section into the UEF. The mudstones range in colour from greyish purple red in the LEF and turn a more brick red colour with more mature palaeosols in the UEF. Localized intraformational pebble conglomerates that comprise intrabasinal clasts that comprise mud chips, quartzite pebbles, pedogenic nodules, and fossil bone fragments only occur in the UEF. The lower and upper Elliot formations both contain sandstones but they vary in their internal geometries. The sandstones of the LEF mainly comprise laterally accreting channel deposits that are multi-story and contain trough, low angle, and planar, cross-bedding. Ripple cross laminations with good horizontal lamination are also present. In the UEF, sandstone beds are single story and mainly reflect downstream accretion channel geometries and are more tabular in appearance. Common internal sedimentary structures of UEF sandstones are planar, low angle cross-bedding, horizontal and ripple-cross laminations.

The LEF was deposited in a fluvio-lacustrine environment where rivers were more perennial and formed meandering channel geometries, as evidenced by the presence of lateral accretion. However, this depositional environment changed at the onset of the UEF deposits where evidence of shallower river channels, longer periods of floodplain stasis (mature palaeosols) and flash flood events (pedogenic nodule conglomerates) shows that the climate became more arid.

Correlation

The Elliot Formation is currently considered to correlate chronostratigraphically with geological formations of the Bodibeng Sandstone of the Tuli Basin in Botswana, the Omingonde Formation of the Etjo Basin in Namibia, and the Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau in Utah, United States.

Paleontology

The Elliot Formation is well known for its diverse dinosaur fossils. The most common dinosaur species is of the sauropodomorph species Massospondylus carinatus. Other species include Blikanasaurus cromptoni, Aardonyx celestae, Euskelosaurus browni, Antetonitrus ingenipes, Pulanesaura eocollum, and the largest sauropodomorph yet found, Ledumahadi mafube. Fossilised Massospondylus eggs, some with the fossilized remains of embryos intact, have been recovered from UEF deposits in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. Euskelosaurus fossils are more common in the LEF while Massospondylus are only found in the UEF. The basal ornithischian dinosaurs, Heterodontosaurus tucki, Lesothosaurus diagnosticus, Abrictosaurus consors, and Lycorhinus angustidens have also been recovered from the UEF. In addition this formation has yielded various crocodylomorph species, namely Litargosuchus leptorhynchus, Sphenosuchus acutus and Orthosuchus stormbergi. A large theropod dinosaur, Dracovenator regenti, has been found in the UEF. Synapsids from the formation include the dicynodont Pentasaurus goggai the tritheledontid cynodont Elliotherium kersteni and the mammaliaform Megazostrodon rudnerae. More recent vertebrate fossil finds near the town Qhemegha in the Eastern Cape have yielded possible fossil material of a poposauroid pseudosuchian. The mudstones of the LEF sometimes yield petrified wood, fossil plant matter, crustaceans, fishes, and turtles while the sandstones of the upper Elliot Formation more often contain various trace fossils. These include vertebrate trackways of basal ornithischian dinosaurs found in the Leribe, Mafeteng, and Mohales Hoek Districts of Lesotho. Possible trackways of the dicynodont Pentasaurus have been found on Morobong Hill in the Mohales Hoek District of Lesotho.

Dinosaurs of the Elliot Formation

Suchians of the Elliot Formation

Synapsids of the Elliot Formation

References

Geologic formations of Lesotho
Geologic formations of South Africa
Stormberg Group
Jurassic System of Africa
Early Jurassic Africa
Triassic System of Africa
Late Triassic Africa
Jurassic South Africa
Triassic South Africa
Norian Stage
Rhaetian Stage
Hettangian Stage
Limestone formations
Sandstone formations
Mudstone formations
Paleontology in Lesotho
Paleontology in South Africa
Karoo
Geography of the Eastern Cape
Geography of the Free State (province)
Mafeteng District
Maseru District
Quthing District


The 39th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 340th Flying Training Group and is the reserve associate to the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas.

The squadron was first activated as the 39th Pursuit Squadron in the buildup of the United States Army Air Corps in response to the War in Europe.  It moved to the Pacific Coast in response to the attack on Pearl Harbor and briefly flew antisubmarine patrols before deploying to the Southwest Pacific Theater, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations (DUC)s and a Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for its actions during the war.

The squadron remained in the Far East and as the 39th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was part of the air defenses of Japan when North Korea invaded South Korea.  The 39th earned two more DUCs and a Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation during combat in Korea.  Following the 1953 truce, the squadron returned to Japan, serving as an air defense unit until inactivating in December 1957.

The squadron was activated as the 39th Tactical Reconnaissance Training Squadron in 1969 when Tactical Air Command replaced its Command controlled (4 digit) units with Air Force controlled units.  It trained Douglas B-66 Destroyer aircrews until inactivating in 1974.

The squadron has been a flying training unit since 1990, except for a brief stint as a test squadron.

Mission
It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II, Raytheon T-1A Jayhawk and Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft conducting Pilot Instructor Training.

History

World War II
Activated by Northeast Air District (later First Air Force) as the 39th Pursuit Squadron, a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk pursuit squadron, at Selfridge Field, Michigan, where it was one of a number of units drawing its cadre from the 1st Pursuit Group, stationed there.  The squadron moved to Baer Field, Indiana the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor, but was soon rushed to Bellingham Army Air Field, where it flew antisubmarine patrols off the coast of Washington until the middle of January 1942, when it was reassigned from the 31st Pursuit Group to the 35th Pursuit Group, which was preparing for deployment to Australia.

Re-equipped with long-range Lockheed P-38 Lightnings and deployed to Fifth Air Force in Australia, June 1942.   Engaged in combat operations against the Japanese in the Lightning, but became the second Pacific Theater fighter group to convert to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt in late 1943.  Conducted combat operations in the Thunderbolt from late 1943 through Spring 1945.   Participated in offensives in the Netherlands East Indies, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Philippines and the Battle of Okinawa.

Far East Air Forces

Re-equipped with North American P-51 Mustangs and moved to Japan as part of the army of occupation, September 1945, remaining as part of the Far East Air Forces air defense mission throughout the postwar era.   Engaged in combat, June 1950, during the initial actions of the Korean War.  Re-equipped with Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star jets, fighting air-to-air combat against communist aircraft and engaging in ground support missions supporting United Nations Forces, 1950–1953.   Returned to Japan after the 1953 armistice and upgraded to the purpose-built Lockheed F-94 Starfire interceptor flying air defense missions.

The squadron moved to Johnson Air Base on 20 July 1954 and established temporary air defense detachments on the same day at Komaki Air Base, Japan to 4 August 1954 and at Misawa Air Base, Japan to 27 August 1954. The squadron was inactivated in December 1957.

Tactical Air Command

Reactivated by Tactical Air Command in 1969 at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, assuming the personnel and equipment of the 4417th Combat Crew Training Squadron.  Equipped with reconnaissance and electronic warfare versions of the Douglas B-66 Destroyer and trained tactical reconnaissance and electronic warfare crews from, 1969–1974 when the B-66 was retired.   Moved to George Air Force Base, California and equipped with McDonnell F-4E Phantom IIs.  Trained Wild Weasel aircrews in surface to air missile suppression tactics from, 1977–1984. Inactivated when the F-4 was retired.

Reactivated by Air Training Command as an undergraduate pilot training squadron with Northrop T-38 Talons, 1990–1991.  Transferred to Air Force Materiel Command, 1993 as a flight test squadron on various weapons systems from 1993 to 1999, then went back to Air Education and Training Command providing flying training from 2001 onwards.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 39th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 22 December 1939
 Activated on 1 February 1940
 Redesignated 39th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942
 Redesignated 39th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) on 27 October 1942
 Redesignated 39th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 19 February 1944
 Redesignated 39th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 20 January 1950
 Inactivated on 8 December 1957
 Redesignated 39th Tactical Reconnaissance Training Squadron on 18 August 1969
 Organized on 15 October 1969
 Redesignated 39th Tactical Electronic Warfare Training Squadron on 15 February 1970
 Inactivated on 15 March 1974
 Redesignated 39th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron on 1 June 1977
 Activated on 1 July 1977
 Redesignated 39th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 9 October 1980
 Inactivated on 11 May 1984
 Redesignated 39th Flying Training Squadron on 9 February 1990
 Activated on 2 April 1990
 Inactivated on 15 December 1991
 Redesignated 39th Test Squadron on 31 August 1993
 Activated on 8 September 1993
 Redesignated 39th Flight Test Squadron on 15 March 1994
 Inactivated on 1 September 1999
 Redesignated 39th Flying Training Squadron on 30 September 1999
 Activated in the reserve on 2 April 2001

Assignments
 31st Pursuit Group, 1 February 1940
 35th Pursuit Group (later 35th Fighter Group, 35th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 15 January 1942 (attached to 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing, 7 May 1951; 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 1 June 1952 – 14 July 1954)
 41st Air Division, 1 October–8 December 1957
 363d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing, 15 October 1969 – 15 March 1974 (attached to 36th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 April 1969 – 31 December 1971)
 35th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1977 – 11 May 1984
 47th Flying Training Wing, 2 April 1990 – 15 December 1991
 46th Operations Group, 8 September 1993 – 1 September 1999
 340th Flying Training Group, 2 April 2001 – present

Stations

 Selfridge Field, Michigan, 1 February 1940
 Baer Field, Indiana, 6 December 1941
 Bellingham Army Air Field, Washington, 10 December 1941 – 23 January 1942
 Brisbane Airport, Australia, 25 February 1942
 Ballarat Airport, Australia, 8 March 1942
 Mount Gambier Airport, Australia, 16 March 1942
 RAAF Base Williamtown, Australia, 3 April 1942
 Donnington Airpark, Australia, 20 April 1942
 Port Moresby Airfield Complex New Guinea, 2 June 1942
 RAAF Base Townsville, Australia, 26 July 1942
 Port Moresby Airfield Complex New Guinea, 18 October 1942
 Nadzab Airfield, New Guinea, 15 December 1943
 Gusap Airfield, New Guinea, 27 January 1944
 Nadzab Airfield, New Guinea, 9 June 1944
 Kornasoren Airfield, Noemfoor, Schouten Islands, 7 August 1944
 Owi Airfield, Schouten Islands, Netherlands East Indies, 12 September 1944
 Wama Drome, Morotai, Moluccas Islands, Netherlands East Indies, 23 October 1944
 Mangaldan Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, 22 January 1945
 Lingayen Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, c. 10 April 1945
 Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 21 April 1945
 Yontan Airfield, Okinawa, 30 June 1945
 Irumagawa Air Base, Japan, 10 October 1945
 Yokota Air Base, Japan, c. 1 April 1950
 Ashiya Air Base, Japan, 8 July 1950
 Pohang Air Base, South Korea, 7 August 1950
 Tsuiki Air Base, Japan, 14 August 1950
 Pohang Air Base, South Korea, 3 October 1950
 Yonpo Airfield, North Korea, 19 November 1950
 Pusan Air Base, South Korea, 7 December 1950
 Chinhae Air Base, South Korea, 12 May 1951
 Suwon Air Base, South Korea, 1 June 1952
 Johnson Air Base, Japan, 20 July 1954
 Yokota Air Base, Japan, 31 July 1954
 Komaki Air Base, Japan, 25 August 1955 – 8 December 1957
 Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, 15 October 1969 – 15 March 1974
 George Air Force Base, California, 1 July 1977 – 11 May 1984
 Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas, 2 April 1990 – 15 December 1991
 Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, 8 September 1993 – 1 September 1999
 Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, 2 April 2001
 Randolph Air Force Base, (later, Joint Base San Antonio-Randolph), Texas, 13 September 2007 – present)

Aircraft

 Seversky P-35 Guardsman (1940–1941)
 Curtiss P-36 Hawk (1940–1941)
 Bell P-39 Airacobra (1941–1942)
 Lockheed P-38 Lightning (1942–1943)
 Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (1943–1944)
 North American P-51 Mustang (later F-51) (1944–1945, 1945–1952)
 Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star (1950)
 North American F-86D Sabre (1952–1957)
 Lockheed F-94 Starfire (1954)
 Douglas RB-66 Destroyer (1969–1970)
 Douglas WB-66 Destroyer (1969–1970)
 Douglas EB-66 Destroyer (1970–1974)
 McDonnell F-4 Phantom II (1977–1980, 1982–1984)
 Republic F-105 Thunderchief (1977)
 Cessna T-37 Tweet (1990–1991)
 Northrop T-38 Talon (1990–1991, 2001–present)
 General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (1993–1999)
 Boeing B-52 Stratofortress (1995–1999)
 Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II (1999)
 Beechcraft T-6 Texan II (2001–present)
 Raytheon T-1A Jayhawk (2007–present)

Notable members
Charles Peter O'Sullivan, Squadron commander in World War II

See also

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Footnotes

Bibliography

External links
39th Fighter Squadron

0039
Military units and formations in Texas


Kozare is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Kuçovë. The population at the 2011 census was 5,622.

References

Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Kuçovë
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


The Popular Arab Bloc (, HaGush Ha'Amami HaAravi) was an Arab satellite list that contested the 1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election. The list was launched by Mapam, just three weeks before the election, in order to mobilize Israeli Arab votes. As Mapam did not allow Arabs to be members of the party, it preferred to set up a separate list for Arabs. The election campaigning was done under the supervision of the Mapam Arab Affairs Department, led by Aharon Cohen. The list obtained 2,812 votes, failing to cross the 1% electoral threshold (4,347 votes) required to win a seat.

By the time of the next elections in 1951, Mapam had allowed Arabs to gain membership, with Rostam Bastuni being elected on the party's list.

References

Political parties established in 1949
Defunct political parties in Israel
Arab political parties in Israel
1949 establishments in Israel


Arun Thakur () is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,289 people living in 652 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Bahuntilpung  is a Village lies in South-eastern Nepal, located in Sindhuli District of the Janakpur Zone . Among 11 wards of
Tinpatan Rural Municipality it is ward no. 8. According to the 1991 Nepal census its population is 3,007.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Balajor  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,468 people living in 556 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


The Norwegian Cuba Association (, ) is a Norwegian advocacy group.

Established on 17 April 1964 as Norsk-Cubansk Forening, its purpose is to "further the friendship between Norway and Cuba" and to spread information about the "real Cuba". It publishes the magazine Cuba Nytt, and arranges for groups known as "brigades" to travel to Cuba.

It condemns the United States embargo against Cuba, demands the extradition of Luis Posada Carriles and the release of the Cuban 5, and supports a campaign to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Fidel Castro. Harboring several viewpoints that do not directly pertain to Cuba, the organization supports the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela, opposes the Colombian Uribe government as well as the Iraq War, and calls for a boycott of Israel through membership in the network Boikott Israel.

External links

Old website

Cuba friendship associations
Political advocacy groups in Norway
1964 establishments in Norway
Cuba–Norway relations
Norway friendship associations
Organizations established in 1964


The 77th edition of the KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) started on June 2, 1994. The final was played on May 25, 1995: Feyenoord beat FC Volendam 2–1 and won the cup for the tenth time. A total of 83 clubs participated.

Teams
 All 18 participants of the Eredivisie 1994-95, four of which entering in the knock-out stage, the rest entering in the group stage
 All 18 participants of the Eerste Divisie 1994-95, entering in the group stage
 Two youth teams, one entering in the group stage, the other entering in the preliminary round
 45 teams from lower (amateur) leagues, six of which entering in the group stage, one of which entering in the intermediary round and the rest entering in the preliminary round

Preliminary round
The matches of the preliminary round were played between June 2 and 8, 1994. Only amateur clubs participated.

Intermediary Round
Three more clubs had to be eliminated before the group stage, so an intermediary round was held. One extra amateur club (FVC) entered the tournament here. The matches were played on June 9, 14 and 15, 1994.

Group stage
The matches of the group stage were played between August 13 and September 13, 1994. Except for four Eredivisie clubs, all other participants entered the tournament here. In total, 56 clubs participated in the group stage, 28 advanced to the next round.

E Eredivisie; 1 Eerste Divisie; A Amateur teams

Knock-out Stage

First round
The matches of the first knock-out round were played on October 5, 1994. The four highest ranked Eredivisie teams from last season entered the tournament this round.

E four Eredivisie entrants

Round of 16
The matches of the round of 16 were played on November 30, 1994.

Quarter finals
The quarter finals were played on February 24, 25 and March 8, 1995.

Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played on March 22, 1995.

Final

Feyenoord would participate in the Cup Winners' Cup.

See also
Eredivisie 1994-95
Eerste Divisie 1994-95

External links
 Results by Ronald Zwiers

1994-95
1994–95 domestic association football cups
1994–95 in Dutch football


Baseshwar  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,980 people living in 580 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) Renown Class was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives.  They were rebuilds of F.W. Webb's 4-cylinder compounds of the Jubilee and Alfred the Great classes into 2-cylinder simple engines by George Whale, later continued by Charles Bowen-Cooke.

The first to be rebuilt was number 1918 Renown in 1908.

The rebuilds retained their original numbers.  Unusually for the LNWR, the parent classes also had logical number series.  Thus the Renowns were all numbered in the 1901–1940 series for ex-Jubilee Class and 1941–1980 for ex-Benbow class.  In 1920, locomotive 1914 Invincible was renumbered 1257, and the number 1914 was then taken by the Claughton Class war memorial engine 1914 Patriot.

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) acquired 56 Renowns in 1923.  The LMS allocated these numbers in the 5131–5186 series, listed according to date of rebuilding, though not all numbers were applied before withdrawals started in 1928.  Meanwhile, the LMS renumbered the existing compounds into the 5110–5129 series (though some were withdrawn before numbers could be allocated, and others were allocated numbers but not applied), and converted another 14 of these, which retained their numbers, thus taking the total for the class up to 70.  All were gone by 1931 and none was preserved.

Accidents and incidents

On 14 August 1915, a locomotive hauling a passenger train suffered a mechanical defect which resulted in track being damaged at weedon, Northamptonshire. Locomotive No. 1971 Aurora was one of two hauling a mail train that was derailed on the damaged track. Ten people were killed and 21 were injured.

Locomotive list

References

Renown
4-4-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1908
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives


Shanagolden () is a small village located in County Limerick, Ireland. The village is on the R521 regional road between Foynes and Newcastlewest, around 35 km west of Limerick City. It is situated west of the 'Golden Vale', an area of fertile agricultural land in the province of Munster. The population was 303 at the 2016 census.

History
The area is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters. In 968 the King of Munster, Mathgamain mac Cennétig, defeated the Hiberno-Norse Kings Ivar of Limerick and Ivar of Waterford at Sengualainn in a "red slaughter". In 1124, Turlogh O'Connor gathered a fleet together to cross the River Shannon and plundered the lands of the Uí Conaill at Foynes Island. After the defeat of the Rebel Earl during the Second Desmond Rebellion, Shanagolden village was laid out during the 1580s as an Anglo-Irish plantation village.

Places of interest
The ruins of Shanid Castle, an important Anglo-Norman stronghold, is located a short distance away from the village. The castle was possibly constructed in 1230 on land associated with the FitzMaurice family which settled in the area after 1169 and was a fortress of the Knights of Glin before being burned in 1641. Known as the "Old Abbey", St. Katherine's Abbey, Monisternagalliaghduff (Manisternagalliaghduff) is a former Augustinian nunnery founded in 1298 and dissolved in 1541. One of the earliest recorded nunneries in Ireland, it is located in a valley about 2 miles east of Shanagolden. The town's history has been chronicled in a local book, written by students of the local primary school, and was published and distributed to many local shops.

See also
 List of towns and villages in Ireland

References

Towns and villages in County Limerick
Articles on towns and villages in Ireland possibly missing Irish place names


Caerau is a former mining village in the community of Maesteg, Bridgend County Borough, Wales, located approximately 2 miles north of the centre of Maesteg town in the Llynfi Valley. Caerau, surrounded by mountainous terrain and forestry, is one of the border points between Bridgend County Borough and Neath Port Talbot County Borough, bordered to the north by Croeserw and Cymmer, Neath Port Talbot. Caerau, borders Dyffryn and Spelter to the south in Nantyffyllon, Maesteg.

Governance
For elections to Bridgend County Borough Council, Caerau is part of the electoral ward of Caerau, which also includes the Nantyffyllon area of Maesteg. The ward elects two county borough councillors.

History
Caerau was originally a village with very little significance and population up until the late 1800s when the extensive mineral extraction industry gained traction. The North's Navigation Collieries company established Caerau Colliery in 1889, and following an insatiable demand for labour, the village population increased dramatically.

Many of the early houses and buildings in Caerau were built by North's Navigation company, and were mostly built with locally quarried stone. This gives the village a characteristic style of architecture with its native Carboniferous limestone masonry in its buildings. This style can often be seen combined with crenellated door and window surrounds made of locally produced red or blue brick.

Caerau had a significant role in the war effort, both through its continuous production of coal and also its acceptance of large amounts of children evacuees during World War II.

Caerau Colliery
The village grew rapidly after the opening of Caerau Colliery in 1889 by North's Navigation Collieries. In brief, the colliery consisted of three shafts (North, South and No. 3 Pits) and employed 2,400 men at its peak in the early 1920s. The mine closed in 1977.

The Inspector of Mines list, 1896, shows there were 533 men employed in Caerau "South Pit" producing steam coal. Further development saw the sinking of No.3 House Coal Pit in 1903. In 1908, there were 1,170 men employed in the two Steam Coal Pits and 57 in the House Coal Pit. This colliery held the record output for the South Wales area in 1913. By 1918, the workforce had risen to 1,839.

From a list drafted in 1923, there were 2,040 employed at the Steam Coal Pits, producing coal and ironstone from the Six Feet, Seven Feet and Upper and Lower New Seams. The House Coal Pit employed 340 men, producing from the Two and a Half Feet Seam. The House Coal Pit closed in 1925.

Three men were killed in an underground accident at Caerau Colliery in 1931. By the end of the war in 1945, there were 568 men still in employment.

Production began to slow from 1977. During its final two years, coal production concentrated on the Bute Seam. Caerau Colliery eventually closed permanently in 1979, five years before Margaret Thatcher's announcement of coal pit closures in 1984 which led to the miners' strike of 1984 and 1985. Most of the men were transferred to nearby Coegnant and St. John's Colliery.

Caerau Colliery legacy

Even after the mining industry had ceased in 1979, the village still bore the scars of its extensive mining history. Enormous landforms created by the dumping of tailings from the colliery (known locally as “coal tips” or simply “tips”) still remained. These landforms were levelled and landscaped during the 1980s, now very little traces remain of the mining industry in the village.

More recently, plans to produce environmentally friendly geothermically heated water at around 20.6 degrees Celsius for use in heating homes. The concept is utilising the naturally heated water from the flooded former mine workings of Caerau Colliery through a heat exchanger to provide heat to homes. The project is projected to cost £9.4M.

Population

The ward population taken at the 2011 census was 6,995.

Amenities and community projects
Caerau is home to a range of community projects. For example, Caerau Market Garden which is managed by Caerau Community Growers, and Noddfa Community Project at Noddfa Community Centre.

Religion
Due to the predominantly practising Christian population at the turn of the 19th century, there were many churches built. However, due to the sharp decline in the practising Christians in the village many of these buildings are now derelict or demolished. St. Cynfelin church is still open and regularly attended.

Noddfa Chapel is a former church that is now used as a Library and for youth activities. The village also has a public park that includes a bowls green, which is the home of the village's bowls team.

Recreation and facilities
Caerau Road contains most of the village's retail facilities. Formerly home to a diverse number of shops and establishments, the area is now mainly populated by convenience stores and take-away meal outlets.

The village once contained its own cinemas however these facilities no longer remain. The village cenotaph now stands in the place of the Coliseum, a once popular cinema which was demolished in the 1970s.

There are public allotment facilities near North Street called Caerau Market Garden, which is popular among residents for growing vegetables. There is also an organisation called Men's Shed, which provides affordable meals and groceries to residents.

Caerau lacks a miners’ institute building. This is due to an arson attack on the former premises which was situated on what is now a grassy area between Wesley street and Library Road.

Hotels and public houses
Due to its significance as a mining village, many hotels were built to accommodate the number of visitors to the village as a result. None of the premises now accept guests, but many still remain open as public houses.

The Station (1905), Navi (formerly “Navigation” 1882) and Blaenllynfi (1892) are surviving examples of the village's hotels, however the Blaencaerau Hotel (renamed “The Monkey”) was destroyed by arson in 1990 and the Dyffryn Hotel is disused.

Alongside these, the Llynfi Coach House (formerly “Legion Club”), Riverboat and Imperial Club are popular venues in Caerau.

Education
English-medium primary education is provided in the village at Caerau Primary School. The school is a modern design that was constructed with environmentally friendly materials. It replaced the old 19th century school building that was destroyed by arson.

Secondary and further education is provided outside of the village in Ysgol Maesteg School.

Transport
The village is located on the A4063 road between Croeserw and Maesteg.

There are bus services operating routes through the village as well as taxi firms operating from the village. Parking is free throughout the village.

Caerau train station and the associated railway routes were made defunct during the Beeching Report cutback of rail services in the 1960s. The nearest railway station to the village is Maesteg.

Sport
Caerau FC, the local football club, play in the 1st division of the South Wales Amateur League (as of 2008–09). They play at the Athletic Ground at Humphreys Terrace, which is a south of the village centre.

Caerau also hosts a national-standard BMX track, home to the Llynfi BMX Racing Club, behind The Duffryn Pub on Coegnant Road. There is also a Clubhouse for the Bowling Green at Caerau Park.

Caerau is also the training ground for Llynfi Valley Panthers Netball Club, who train in Caerau Primary School.

References

External links
 Caerau First - Community Website

Villages in Bridgend County Borough
Maesteg