The East Indie or Black East Indian is an ornamental breed of domestic duck. It is a bantam breed, and is thought to have originated in the United States.

History

The East Indie is the oldest breed of bantam duck. It is thought to have originated in the United States, but its precise origin is not known. It has at various times been known by other names, some of them – such as "Brazilian", "Buenos Airean", "Labrador" – suggesting a geographical origin. There is, however, no documented connection to the East Indies, to South America, or to Labrador. It is thought that the breed developed from its original form in the United Kingdom in the second half of the nineteenth century, and was then further refined in the United States in the latter part of the twentieth century. A hypothesis that the black color of the plumage derives from the native American species Anas rubripes appears to be unsubstantiated.

Black East Indians were imported to the United Kingdom in or before 1831, supposedly from Buenos Aires, and were housed in the Zoological Gardens of the Zoological Society of London; they were at first called "Buenos Aireans". Others were at Knowsley Hall, home of the Earls of Derby, in about 1850. In 1853 the Black East Indian was described in the Poultry Book of William Wingfield and George William Johnson, with an illustration by Harrison Weir. It was included in the original Standard of Excellence in Exhibition Poultry of William Bernhard Tegetmeier in 1865, and – as the Black Indie – in the first Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1874.

Characteristics

The East Indie is a bantam breed, usually weighing under . It has very dark, lustrous greenish-black plumage and a black bill. Ducks may sometimes develop white feathers as they age; drakes that do so should not be used for breeding. It flies well unless the wings are clipped. It is generally shyer and quieter than the Call Duck.

Use

The East Indie is largely kept by fanciers for exhibition or ornament. It may be helpful in pest control in gardens.

References

Duck breeds
Duck breeds originating in the United States


The Lake LA-250 Renegade is a six-seat amphibious utility aircraft produced in the United States by Lake Aircraft since 1982.

Design and development
The Renegade is a lengthened and more powerful version of the Lake Buccaneer. They share the Buccaneer's type certificate, and Buccaneer production was terminated. In turn, it gave rise to a number of variants, including the militarised LA-250 Seawolf, the turbocharged LA-270 Turbo Renegade, and the LA-270 Seafury optimised for marine environments. Like the Buccaneer, it is a conventional mid-wing design with retractable tricycle undercarriage and a single engine mounted in pusher configuration in a pod on a pylon above the fuselage.

The Seawolf version was designed for light maritime patrol duties and features a hardpoint under each wing to carry external stores, including bombs, rocket pods, gun pods, or rescue equipment. Provision for a radar unit was made on the forward end of the engine pod. The Seafury includes improved anti-corrosion measures and a hardened interior to improve its serviceability in saltwater environments, as well as a storage compartment carrying survival gear.

Operational history
On August 31, 1988, Peter Foster and Robert Mann departed Sanford Seacoast Regional Airport in a Lake Turbo  Renegade, flying to a maximum altitude of 24,600 feet and then leveling off at 24,500 feet. This flight set new world records for altitude and sustained flight at altitude for single-engine amphibians, FAI class C-3C-08.

A year later on November 2, 1989, two more flights departed from Bauneg Beg Lake in Sanford, Maine, setting four more world records for single-engine seaplanes. In the first flight of the day, Robert Mann flew a Lake Turbo Renegade N270TL with co-pilot Gordon Collins to an altitude of 25,500 feet. They were able to sustain this altitude, setting two records for FAI class C-2C-08. Later in the day, Robert Mann flew N250L solo from Bauneg Beg Lake to an initial altitude of 27,300 feet, and then leveling off at a sustained altitude of 27,100 feet for two more world records in FAI class C-2B-08.

Variants
 LA-250 Renegade — Buccaneer with 38-inch (97-cm) fuselage stretch, six seats, and Lycoming IO-540-C4B5 engine
 LA-250 Seawolf — militarised Renegade with hardpoints and provision for radar
 LA-270 Turbo Renegade — Renegade with Lycoming TIO-540-AA1AD engine uprated to 270 hp (200 kW)
 LA-270 Seafury — Renegade for saltwater conditions

Specifications (LA-250)

Notes

References

External links

1980s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Renegade
Amphibious aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1982
Flying boats


A civic action program also known as civic action project is a type of operation designed to assist an area by using the capabilities and resources of a military force or civilian organization to conduct long-term programs or short-term projects.  This type of operations include: dental civic action program (DENTCAP), engineering civic action program (ENCAP), medical civic action program (MEDCAP), and veterinarian civic action program (VETCAP).  Entities of foreign nations usually conduct these operations at the invitation of a host nation.

Common civic action programs

Dental civic action program (DENTCAP)
Dentists and dental technicians with equipment and supplies set up a temporary field clinic to provide dental treatment to the local population.

Engineering civic action program (ENCAP)

Engineers with equipment conduct civil engineering projects to execute any number of infrastructure improvement projects, such as building or improving schools, clinics, roads or drinking wells.

Medical civic action program (MEDCAP)
Medical doctors and specialists with equipment and supplies set up a temporary field clinic to provide limited medical treatment to the local population.  MEDCAPs are generally narrow in scope and usually provide targeted assistance, such as inoculations.

Veterinarian civic action program (VETCAP)
Veterinarians with equipment and supplies provide limited veterinarian services for the local population.  VETCAPS are generally narrow in scope and usually provide targeted assistance, such as inoculations.

Medical readiness training exercise (MEDRETE)
The U.S. military has an activity similar to civic action programs called a medical readiness training exercise (MEDRETE).  Military use MEDRETEs to provide training on public health and preventive medicine.

Seabee teams
Seabee Teams also called  Civic Action Teams or CATs

A product of the Cold War, Seabee Teams were an idea of the U.S. State Department for making "good use" of the Seabees. They could be sent as "U.S. Good Will Ambassadors" to third world nations as a means to combat the spread of Communism and promote "good Will", a military version of the Peace Corps. These 13 man teams would construct schools, drill wells or build clinics creating a positive image or rapport for the U.S. in the developing world. They were utilized by the United States Agency for International Development and were in S.E. Asia by the mid-1950s. Then in the early sixties the U.S.Army Special Forces were being sent into rural areas of South Vietnam to develop a self-defense force to counter the Communist threat and making use of the Seabee teams at these same places made perfect sense While Vietnam went on the teams were still being sent to other nations. The Royal Thai government requested Seabee Technical Assistance Teams in 1963 and since then nearly every time a U.S. Naval Construction Battalion has left the United States for a deployment a Seabee team has been sent somewhere.

Construction Civic Action Details or CCAD

CCADs or "See-Kads" are larger civic action units of 20–25 Seabees with the same purpose as Seabee Teams. The CCAD designation is not found in the record prior to 2013.

 Commander Naval Construction Battalion U.S. Pacific Fleet, Tân Sơn Nhất, Republic of Vietnam, Completion Report 1963–1972.
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF USOM SUPPORT TO THE OFFICE OF ACCELERATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT, Prepared by USOM Office of Field Operations, James W. Dawson, AssistantProgramOfficer, September, 1969

Historical examples

Vietnam War
In the summer of 1965, United States military medical personnel conducted MEDCAPs to help the Government of Vietnam provide out-patient health services to the South Vietnamese population. The United States military also conducted a related program called Military Provincial Hospital Assistance Program (MILPHAP), where a team of medical personnel augmented civilian hospital staffs to help provide in-patient treatment. Each team consisted of three physicians, one medical administrative officer and 12 enlisted medical technicians. By 1968, the United States military fielded eight MILPHAP teams from the army, seven from the Navy and seven from the air force. By the end of 1970, 25 of 44 provinces in South Vietnam had a MILPHAP team.

Image Gallery

See also
Combined Action Program

Notes

External links

Civil affairs
Humanitarian military operations


Forever For Now is a compilation album from Harry Connick Jr., released in the United Kingdom in 1993.

The album was a blend of original studio recordings from seven of Connick's previous albums, two of which he had won a Grammy Award for. The album has five tracks from When Harry Met Sally... (1989), one track from 20 (1988), one from Harry Connick Jr. (1987), five from We Are in Love (1990), one from Lofty's Roach Souffle (1990), two from Blue Light, Red Light (1991) and one from 25 (1992). Five of those seven albums have sold to platinum or multi platinum in the United States.

Track listing
 "It Had to Be You" (Isham Jones, Gus Kahn)
 "Our Love Is Here to Stay" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin)
 "Forever, for Now" (Harry Connick Jr., Ramsey McLean)
 "Stardust" (Hoagy Carmichael, Mitchell Parish) – feat. Ellis Marsalis
 "Do You Know What It Means To Miss New Orleans" (Eddie DeLange, Louis Alter)
 "Recipe for Love" (Connick)
 "One Last Pitch" (Connick, Joe Livingston)
 "Heavenly" (Connick, McLean)
 "Blue Light, Red Light (Someone's There)" (Connick, McLean)
 "But Not for Me" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin)
 "Little Clown" (Connick)
 "Where or When" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers)
 "Don't Get Around Much Anymore" (Duke Ellington, Bob Russell)
 "You Didn't Know Me When" (Connick, McLean)
 "It's All Right with Me" (Cole Porter)
 "We Are in Love" (Connick)

Album chart
Netherlands – peak: 83 / weeks: 5

References

Harry Connick Jr. albums
1993 compilation albums


This is a list of the breeds of domestic duck which have official recognition at national or international level.

Most breeds of duck derive from the wild mallard, Anas platyrhyncos, while a small minority are descendants of the Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata. Duck breeds are normally officially recognized and described by a national body such as a ministry of agriculture. In some countries they may be recognized by groups of enthusiasts or breeders' associations, which may also draw up a breed standard. Among these are:

 the American Poultry Association in the United States
 the Poultry Club of Great Britain
 the  in Europe
 the Australian Poultry Standards

A

Abacot Ranger (also known as Streicher)
 African Duck
Alabio Duck
Allier Duck
American Pekin (EE; = Pekin Duck, APA)
Ancona duck
Antigua and Barbuda Duck
Appleyard (APA; = Silver Appleyard, PCGB)
Australian Call
Australian Spotted
Aylesbury Duck

B

Bac Kinh Duck
Bali duck
Barbary duck
Bashkir Duck
Bau Duck (or Ta Duck)
Black East Indian Duck
Blekinge duck
Blue Swedish (PCGB; = Swedish Blue, APA)
Bourbourg Duck
Buff Duck (APA; =Buff Orpington Duck; = Orpington Duck, PCGB)

C

Call Duck
Campbell Duck
Cayuga Duck
Challans Duck
Chara Chamble Duck
Crested Duck

D
Danish Duck
Dendermond Duck
 Deshi Black
 Deshi White
Duclair duck
Dutch Hookbill

E
East Indies Duck
Elizabeth Duck
Estaires Duck

F
Faroese Duck
Forest Duck

G
German Pekin
Germanata Veneta
Gimbsheimer Duck
Golden Cascade
Gressingham Duck (Wild Mallard crossed with Pekin)
 Grimao Ermaôs

H
Haut-Volant Duck
Havanna Duck (Havann)
Herve Duck
Hook Bill (PCGB; = Dutch Hookbill)
Hungarian Duck
Huttegem Duck

I

Idegem Duck
Indian Runner Duck

J

 Japanice Criollo
 Jending

K
Kaiya Duck
Khaki Campbell

L
 Laplaigne

M

Magpie Duck
Mallard
Mandarin Duck
 Merchtem Duck
Mulard (Muscovy/Mallard cross)
Muscovy Duck

O
Orpington Duck (PCGB; = Buff Orpington)
Overberg Duck

P

 Pekin (UK) – see German Pekin
Pomeranian duck
 Pond Duck

R

Rouen Duck
 Runner (APA; = Indian Runner Duck, PCGB) Rubber Duck

S

Saxony Duck
Semois Duck
Shetland duck
Silver Appleyard Duck
Silver Appleyard Miniature
Silver Bantam (= Silver Appleyard Bantam)
Swedish Blue (PCGB and APS: Blue Swedish; APA: Swedish duck
Swedish Yellow Duck

T

 Tea Ankam
 Tea Kapa
Termonde Duck
Tsaiya Duck

U
Ukrainian Clay Duck
Ukrainian Grey Duck
Ukrainian White Ducks

V
 Venetian Duck
Vouillé Duck

W

Watervale Duck
Welsh Harlequin Duck
 West Indian Duck
White-breasted black duck

References

Lists of birds
Lists of breeds


Awlad Himayd is a group of people who are part of the greater Baggara Arabs tribes of Kordofan and Darfur that includes the Habbaniya and Ta'isha.

Description
They speak Sudanese Arabic. Awlad Himayd live in eastern parts of South Kordofan. They were nomadic people who shared routes (sig. Morhal, pl. Marahiil) with the Halafa, a branch of the  Hawazma, and the Kenana and Habbaniya tribes. Their travels take them as far as the Shilluk and Nuer of the White Nile. Their inner southern nomadic area is part of the wilderness of South Kordofan, a dense high savanna forest land.

The majority are pastoralists, and the rest are farmers; they grow all types of South Kordofan crops: sesame, millets, okra, and ground nuts.  They grow Gum Arabic and collect gums and honey from the woods.

They are widely viewed among Baggara peoples as being courageous; great hunters of elephants and big game like giraffe, antelope, tiang, and Ostrich; they are also known as great fighters of wild beasts such lions, tigers, wolves, and others at earlier times.  Baggara people are good hunters and gatherers of wild fruits, wild okra, and honey from undomesticated bees. Gray-bees (Nahala el ghibasha in Arabic), the fiercest type of bee in South Kordofan, are nicknamed "Awlad Himayd" because of their courage.

Origins and divisions
The Awlad Himayd belong to the wider group of Baggara Arabs of Kordofan and Darfur. They are Sunni Muslims. MacMichael  mentioned that their Arab ancestors may have settled around Tekali in the eastern part of South Kordofan at a time of the great Guhayna movement, and they have been reinforced by others of their kin who have returned from the western countries (probably from present-day Chad).

See also
 Baggara

References

Darfur
Baggara tribes


Héctor Mendéz is an Argentine former rugby union footballer and coach. He works as a psychiatrist.

He had 2 caps for Argentina, in 1967, scoring 1 try, 4 points in aggregate. He was nominated joint-coach, with New Zealand Alex Wyllie, of the "Pumas", previously of the 1999 Rugby World Cup finals, but he resigned few days later.

External links
Héctor Mendéz International Statistics

Living people
Argentine rugby union players
Argentine rugby union coaches
Argentina international rugby union players
Year of birth missing (living people)


Romasanta, also known as  in Spanish, and Romasanta: The Werewolf Hunt in English, is a 2004 Spanish-Italian-British horror film directed by Paco Plaza and starring Julian Sands, Elsa Pataky and John Sharian.  It is available on DVD from Lion's Gate Entertainment under the title Werewolf Hunt.

Based on a script by Alfredo Conde, according to the end credits the film is based on a true story, that of Manuel Blanco Romasanta, Spain’s first documented serial killer. Conde is a descendant of one of the doctors involved the original Werewolf of Allariz court case that took place in 1853/54 in Galicia, Spain. He went on to write a fictional novel, The Uncertain Memoirs of a Galician Wolfman: Romasanta. The same case previously provided the basis for the 1968 Spanish film El bosque del lobo ("The Wolf's Forest").

Plot

The story takes place in 1851 in a small Spanish village apparently plagued by what we would now call a serial killer, as corpses are discovered bearing both savage mutilation and precise surgical incisions. Clues point toward Manuel Romasanta, who confesses to the crimes, but claims that he is a victim of lycanthropy. A scientist, Professor Philips, argues that Romasanta suffers not from a supernatural curse but from a mental disorder.

Cast
Julian Sands as Manuel Romasanta
Elsa Pataky as Barbara
John Sharian as Antonio
David Gant as Professor Philips
Gary Piquer as District Attorney Luciano de la Bastida
Maru Valdivielso as Maria
Luna McGill as Teresa
Carlos Reig-Plaza as Gomez
Ivana Baquero as Ana

Reception

Critical response

Jonathan Holland of Variety commended the film for its cinematography, visual and audio effects, as well as Sands' and Pataky's performances; but felt that the romance was underdeveloped, stating that the script covered too much ground and lacked "dramatic focus". Jon Condit of Dread Central rated the film a score of four out of five, offering similar praise, also commending its gothic atmosphere and historical and scientific context, while criticizing the film's slow pacing. Cinema Crazeds Felix Vasquez gave the film a mostly positive review,  calling it  "a grim, bleak, and original peak into the rare disease of lycanthropy, and posits a new take on the werewolf genre; while noting the film's plot holes, and 'confusing' characterizations. AllMovie's Jeremy Wheeler praised the film's cinematography, production values, special effects, and performances.

Awards
Romasanta was nominated for a number of Spanish awards, including two Goya Awards (Best Cinematography and Best Special Effects) and two Barcelona Film Awards (Best Film Editing and Best New Director).

References

External links

2004 films
2004 horror films
2004 psychological thriller films
British slasher films
Spanish slasher films
Italian slasher films
Gothic horror films
English-language Italian films
English-language Spanish films
Spanish werewolf films
British serial killer films
Films set in the 1850s
Films set in Spain
Horror films based on actual events
Supernatural slasher films
Films directed by Paco Plaza
British werewolf films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films
2000s Spanish films


Labor of Love is the fifth studio album by the American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. It was released in 1997 (see 1997 in country music) on Mercury Records. It was his third album to achieve RIAA platinum certification and his highest-charting album on the Top Country Albums charts, where it peaked at #5.

In order of release, this album's singles were "Love of My Life", "Matches", "Honky Tonk America" and "One Day Left to Live", which respectively reached #2, #22, #31 and #35 on the Hot Country Songs charts. "Little Did I Know" was co-written by Dave Gibson (formerly of the Gibson/Miller Band) and Bill McCorvey, lead vocalist of Pirates of the Mississippi.

Track listing

Personnel
As listed in liner notes.
Eddie Bayers - drums
Stuart Duncan - fiddle
Paul Franklin - steel guitar
Sammy Kershaw - lead vocals
Brent Mason - electric guitar
Hargus "Pig" Robbins - keyboards
John Wesley Ryles - background vocals
Joe Spivey - fiddle
John D. Willis - acoustic guitar
Glenn Worf - bass guitar

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

Allmusic (see infobox)

1997 albums
Sammy Kershaw albums
Mercury Nashville albums
Albums produced by Keith Stegall


Curanilahue () is a Chilean commune and city in Arauco Province, Biobío Region. Its name comes from Mapundungun "Cura", meaning "Stone", and "Nilahue" meaning "Ford".

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Curanilahue spans an area of  and has 31,943 inhabitants (16,115 men and 15,828 women). Of these, 30,126 (94.3%) lived in urban areas and 1,817 (5.7%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population fell by 5% (1,688 persons).

Administration
As a commune, Curanilahue is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The current alcalde (as of 2021) is  Alejandra Burgos Bizama.

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Curanilahue is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Manuel Monsalve (PS) and Iván Norambuena (UDI) as part of the 46th electoral district, together with Lota, Lebu, Arauco, Los Álamos, Cañete, Contulmo and Tirúa. The commune is represented in the Senate by Victor Pérez Varela (UDI) and Mariano Ruiz-Esquide Jara (PDC) as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Coast).

See also
Todo comenzó en Curanilahue (2006)

References

External links
  Municipality of Curanilahue

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Arauco Province


Naadumaskeri is a village in Uttar Kannada next to Gokarna.

Notable people
 S. R. Nayak

Villages in Uttara Kannada district


Yoram Marciano (, born 31 October 1964) is an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party from 2006 to 2009, and again between 2012 and 2013.

Biography
Born in Lod, Marciano was first elected to the Knesset in the 2006 elections and served as the Labor-Meimad Parliamentary Group Chairman. Placed seventeenth on the party's list, he lost his seat in the 2009 elections when it was reduced to 13 seats. However, he re-entered the Knesset on 9 December 2012 as a replacement for Amir Peretz, who had left the party to join Hatnuah. He did not contend in the 2013 elections, and subsequently lost his seat.

Marciano has about 70 convictions for traffic law violations. He was also involved in a violent incident in a pub, after which he complained about his own behavior in the ethics committee of the Knesset, and was found guilty.

References

External links

1964 births
People from Lod
Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
Living people
Israeli Labor Party politicians
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)


XHENB-TDT is a television station in Ensenada, Baja California. Broadcasting on channel 29, XHENB-TV is owned by Televisora Fronteriza, S.A. de C.V., and retransmits the Tijuana-based PSN television service.

History
XHENB signed on October 1, 1994, and from then until 1996 it operated locally. From 1996 to 2000, it was a repeater of the Galavisión network. It spent the next several years retransmitting various other networks, such as a combo of MVS newscasts with Antena 3 Internacional (2000–03); the religious La Familia Network (2003–04); Más Música music videos (2004–06); and PSN (2006–present).

In 2011 the station was briefly off the air due to a rent dispute.

In December 2015, XHENB was among the last TV stations in the country to apply for and receive digital parameters. It applied for intermittent operation on channel 29 and moved its tower to a new site.

References

Television stations in Baja California
Defunct television channels in Mexico


"The Doves" () was the pseudonym under which a group of six Gibraltarian lawyers and businessmen published a letter on 15 March 1968 in the Gibraltar Chronicle advocating a political settlement with Spain to solve the disputed status of Gibraltar.

Among the six members of the group were Joseph Triay, Juan Triay and José Lázaro Coll.

Proposals
The following day, the members of the Legislative Council challenged "The Doves" to produce specific proposals. A further letter was published on 4 April setting out proposals claimed to be acceptable for Spain:
 Recognition of the Gibraltarians as the legitimate inhabitants of Gibraltar.
 The interests of the United Kingdom in Gibraltar (either relating to defence or other issues) would be negotiated between the United Kingdom and Spain in order not to constitute an obstacle to a negotiated solution to the Anglo-Spanish conflict.
 Granting Gibraltar a constitution giving it complete and total autonomy.
 Raising the Spanish and Gibraltar flags alongside the Union flag.

Public reaction
It was also made public that they had met with Spain's Foreign Affairs officials (a meeting was even held with the Spanish Foreign Affairs Minister, Fernando Castiella in March) to try to bring this about. However, this provoked widespread public hostility in Gibraltar towards The Doves. On 6 April an estimated crowd of around 1,000 people rioted and attacked their properties and homes. Rioting only finished in the afternoon, when Governor Sir Gerald Lathbury called for troops to support the Gibraltar Police, who had lost control by then. Twenty-two police officers were injured, but none were seriously hurt. Besides, the British Foreign Office and Police pried into the bank accounts of both Joseph and Juan Triay in London, Gibraltar and Madrid.

The term is often used derogatorily nowadays to refer to individuals whose ideals are comparable to those of The Doves.

References

History of Gibraltar
1968 in Gibraltar
Politics of Gibraltar
1968 in politics


Ganei Yehuda () was a moshav founded in 1950 in the Ono Valley, adjacent to the cities of Yehud and Kiryat Ono. Ganei Yehuda was officially merged with Savyon in 2003.

The moshav was named "Ganei Yehuda" after the biblical figure Judah whom was the fourth son of Jacob and Leah and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Judah.

Both Savyon and Ganei Yehuda are located on the land of the Palestinian village of al-'Abbasiyya (formerly al-Yahudiyya), which was depopulated in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Notable residents

 Yoav Cohen (born 1999), Israeli Olympic windsurfer

References

Moshavim
Populated places established in 1950


Klaas de Groot (born 3 November 1940, Bergen, Limburg) is Emeritus Professor at the Tissue Engineering Group at the University of Twente. In the past he also worked as a visiting scientist at the UCLA bone research laboratory. His work has focused on the research and development of bioceramics that resemble the composition of bone. He has developed two types of bioceramic, namely bulk ceramics (dense, porous, large and small) for mechanically unloaded bone fillers, and coatings for improving the bone bonding of strong, but less biocompatible, metallic orthopedic and dental implants. His group also studied the incorporation of drugs and growth factors such as Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) into such ceramics and coatings, as well as the use of calciumphosphate particles for plastic surgery, i.e. filling and augmenting soft and hard tissues for cosmetic reasons).

CAM Implants
His research products are being marketed by CAM Implants (now Cam Bioceramics), IsoTis and Stryker (USA).

Prior to his present appointment he worked at Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam (until 1988) and Leiden University (until 2001), at both places as head of the department of biomaterials.

He is a co-founder of CAM Implants BV (now Cam Bioceramics), and IsoTis. He has published more than 350 articles and he is the co-inventor of about 10 patents.

References

1940 births
Living people
Dutch bioengineers
University of Groningen alumni
Academic staff of Leiden University
Academic staff of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Academic staff of the University of Twente
People from Bergen, Limburg


Leon Litinetsky (, born 2 August 1967) is an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between 2008 and 2009, and for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2014 and 2015.

Biography
Born in Kazan in the Soviet Union, Litinetsky studied medicine at Kazan State University between 1984 and 1990, but did not graduate as he emigrated to Israel on 1 January 1991. Between 1995 and 1997 he studied at the ORT College in Kfar Saba, before studying political science at Tel Aviv University.

In 1995 he became a member of the Worker's Committee of the Israel Electric Corporation. In 1999 he became an assembly member of the Histadrut and chairman of the National Organisation for Russian-speaking Israelis. In 2000 he was a delegate to the World Zionist Congress.

He is a member of Coordination council of compatriots in Israel, and at one time was head of the organization. This organization is run by the Russian government through the Military Intelligence GRU Unit 54777.

Litinetsky currently lives in Kfar Saba, and is married to Luba with one child, Roni.

Political career
Litinetsky was placed ninth on the One Nation list for the 2003 Knesset elections. However, the party won only three seats. In 2005 the party merged into the Labor Party, and Litinetsky was placed 21st on the Labor-Meimad list for the 2006 elections. Although the party won 19 seats, Litinetsky entered the Knesset on 2 July 2008 as a replacement for Danny Yatom who had resigned to go into business.

Placed 18th on the party's list, he lost his seat in the 2009 elections as Labor was reduced to 13 seats. In the 2013 elections, he ran on the joint Likud Yisrael Beitenu list. Although he failed to win a seat, he entered the Knesset on 5 November 2014 as a replacement for Gideon Sa'ar. He was placed twelfth on the Yisrael Beiteinu list for the 2015 elections, losing his seat when the party was reduced to six seats.

During the negotiations on the entry of Yisrael Beiteinu into the thirty-fourth Israeli government in May 2016, Litinetsky was a member of the negotiating team on behalf of Yisrael Beiteinu, and during his discussions he was responsible for the reform of increasing old age pension in Israel.

Honours and awards
  Order of Friendship (Russia, 21 August 2020)

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
Russian Jews
Kazan Federal University alumni
Russian emigrants to Israel
Tel Aviv University alumni
Israeli Labor Party politicians
Yisrael Beiteinu politicians
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)


Maikäfer was the nickname of an automobile prototype, built in 1931 by German engineer Josef Ganz at Adler.

History
Josef Ganz, an independent engineer and editor-in-chief of Motor-Kritik magazine, was assigned by Adler in December 1930 as a consultant engineer. In the first months of 1931, Ganz constructed a lightweight "volkswagen" ("people's car") prototype at Adler with a tubular chassis, a mid-mounted engine, and swing axle independent rear suspension. After completion in May 1931, Ganz nicknamed his new prototype Maikäfer (German for cockchafer).

After a shift in management, further development of the Maikäfer was stopped towards the end of 1931 and Adler concentrated on new car models with front-wheel drive. Josef Ganz was allowed to keep the Maikäfer prototype and kept on using it as his personal car and demonstration model for his patented Volkswagen design until around 1950.

The Maikäfer today
In the 1990s, the original Maikäfer prototype was discovered in Switzerland by a German collector and restored to its original condition.

The Volkswagen Beetle connection
With the Ardie-Ganz, Adler Maikäfer and Standard Superior cars, as well as his progressive writings and promotion of the concept of a "volkswagen" in Motor-Kritik magazine since the 1920s, Josef Ganz is claimed by some to be the inspiration behind the Volkswagen Beetle. This is partly due to the name Maikäfer, that is, "May Beetle", deriving from its shape. However, those contesting that inspiration derives from patents of Josef Ganz point especially to the Standard Superior. Not only is the resemblance to the classic "Beetle" shape obvious, particularly the second design iteration (model 1934),  but so are many of the technical details including the rear-mounted multi-cylinder engine, special characteristics of the chassis, and suspension. Advertising even named it a "volkswagen", as can be seen in the "History" section for the Standard Superior. One claimed inspiration is the Hanomag 2/10 PS from 1925, but this came ten years earlier than, and did not particularly resemble, the first "Beetle". In the end, however, Ferdinand Porsche (a designer much admired by Hitler) managed to connect his name to the "people's car". Aside from Ganz being Jewish, the régime needed to appease bitter enemies Ganz had made in the industry.

New investigation
While the Volkswagen Beetle was produced in its millions after World War II, the name of Josef Ganz was largely forgotten. In 2004, Dutch journalist Paul Schilperoord started researching the life and work of Josef Ganz. He has unearthed many new facts and has published a new book and is currently working on a documentary.

Tatra sued Ferdinand Porsche for using the designs from the Tatra V570, T87 and T97 to make the Volkswagen Type 1, but the lawsuit was dropped when Hitler said he would "settle the matter".

After the war, the lawsuit was reopened and in 1967, Volkswagen compensated Tatra in the amount of 3,000,000 Deutsche Mark over the dispute.

Notes and references

External links
Joseph Ganz Archive
Joseph Ganz Foundation

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
Volkswagen Group


Remorques (English title: Stormy Waters) is a 1941 French drama film directed by Jean Grémillon. The screenplay was written by Jacques Prévert (scenario and dialogue) and André Cayatte (adaptation), based on the novel by Roger Vercel. The film stars Jean Gabin, Madeleine Renaud and Michèle Morgan.

It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris and on location around Finistère in Brittany including at Brest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alexandre Trauner. It was distributed in France by the Paris subsidiary of the German Tobis Film company. After the Second World War it was given an American release by MGM.

Plot
André is the dedicated captain of a tugboat, his mission being to salvage vessels in distress before competitors do, but his wife Yvonne is weary of being a sea-widow and wants him to spend more time with her. Called out to save a cargo ship in a violent storm, he takes on board most of the crew, including the captain's wife, and is towing the vessel towards harbour when its captain cuts the towline to avoid having to pay for rescue. André returns the crew, except for the wife who refuses to go back, and fells the crooked captain with a punch.

The wife takes a room in a hotel, where André calls to make sure she is all right: her name is Catherine and currents flow between the two. As Yvonne becomes more demanding, the prospect of visiting Catherine becomes more appealing and soon André is neglecting both wife and job. The crisis comes when it is revealed that Yvonne's obsessive behaviour is because she is mortally ill. Catherine hastily packs and leaves town, while Yvonne dies in André's arms. Having lost both lover and spouse, all André has left is his boat as he departs in a storm to answer another SOS call.

Cast

 Jean Gabin as Captain André Laurent
 Madeleine Renaud as Yvonne Laurent
 Michèle Morgan as Catherine
 Charles Blavette as Gabriel Tanguy
 Jean Marchat as Marc, captain of the 'Mirva'
 Nane Germon as Renée Tanguy
 Jean Dasté as Le radio
 René Bergeron as Georges
 Henri Poupon as Le docteur Maulette
 Anne Laurens as Marie Poubennec
 Marcel Pérès as Le Meur
 Marcel Duhamel as Pierre Poubennec
 Henri Pons as Roger
 Sinoël as L'armateur
 Fernand Ledouxas Kerlo, the boatswain
Jean Gabin as André Laurent is a strong and effective captain because of his confidence portrayed to the audience. Madeleine Renaud as Yvonne, his wife, is stoic about Andre's devotion to his job rather than to their marriage. Michèle Morgan, as Catherine, is desire personified because she is opposite to Yvonne's character, she embodies all the traits Yvonne rejectsand “appears to fear nothing”. Catherine exists between the worlds of both men and women as “a creature of the sea” aligning herself in a workforce that is not open to women. In Yvonne and Andre's relationship there exists a conflict between “work … and love”. When Catherine and André meet on a beach, this scene represents “liberty without limits” a contrast to the entrapment of Yvonne's apartment and the rigors of Andre's position as captain.

Style
Remorques has developed a reputation as a film that defies simple categorization. "[Remorques] is a work that dons many different genre guises and then quickly abandons them." The film grazes multiple genres without settling neatly into any one, be it drama, melodrama, tragedy, action-adventure, poetic realist film, war-time film, histoire d'amour fou, or simply romance. This evasion of precise classification may well have its basis in Grémillon himself, having formerly been trained as a musician before his discovery of filmmaking. Akin to other filmmakers given to experimentation and the avant-garde, Grémillon "was inclined to liken cinema to poetry and music, rather than to other narrative art forms." Rather than to view filmmaking as possessing clear guidelines, Grémillon ostensibly chose to view the production of his work as manifestly an exercise in creativity, setting out "rather to mix naturalistic aspects, including location photography and realistic storylines, with careful visual and dramatic stylisation."

Despite Grémillon's musical background, however, it is said that Prévert resented the director's decision to impose "a rather religious music" upon the poet's text appearing on-screen at the end of the film.

Grémillion uses camera angles to show the hard work performed on salvage ships, and he does this by filming multiple scenes of the ship at work. He utilizes different parts of the boat like the engine room, the deck, and the kitchen to create a “narrative emphasis on the importance of work”. He expands on this through the quality of food he has the actors eat in the kitchen scene having them eat “loaves of peasant bread” to portray the everyday life of the crew on a salvage ship.

Personnel
The creative powers behind Remorques were not secured from the beginning. Only upon the insistence of lead actor Jean Gabin was the nationally beloved and celebrated poet Jacques Prévert recruited for the film's scriptwriting, who would in turn replace the previous attempts of Charles Spaak and then André Cayette. Prévert's unique creative efforts found fortuitous compatibility with Grémillon's vision for the film's realization while Gabin himself was "the biggest box office draw in French Cinema at the time and had given [Grémillon] his first commercial success with [1937's] Gueule d'amour."

Gabin's celebrity, as well as his singular proficiency in bringing to life the sort of male character typical of a Grémillon film, found a harmonious match with up-and-coming co-lead Michèle Morgan. Aside from the vocational competence shared by each, the actors' on-screen chemistry evidently found some basis within their personal, off-screen lives. When it had become known to each that the other had been cast for their respective roles, Gabin had offered to meet Morgan privately before the film's shooting had begun. Morgan herself recalled: "We flirted like lovers: our eyes never lost contact, our hands grazed without daring to really touch. Our laughter was forced and embarrassed, the silences dense. Every word was full of undertones."

Release
The release date of Remorques had been pushed back to the Second World War. It was released in United States on June 15, 1946, five years after the initial French release.

Although the film could stand confidently upon the capabilities and public recognition of its cast, the release of Remorques unhappily coincided with the then recent invasion and occupation of the Third Reich. Once in power, the Nazis had demanded that the film be withdrawn from theaters.

In the end, however, the film would win its deserved acclaim and would secure "Grémillon's place as one of France's leading filmmakers during its darkest years."

References

External links
 Remorques at Films de France

 Remorques at FilmCan

1941 romantic drama films
1941 films
Adultery in films
Films directed by Jean Grémillon
French romantic drama films
1940s French-language films
Seafaring films
Films with screenplays by Jacques Prévert
French black-and-white films
Tobis Film films
Films shot at Billancourt Studios
Films shot in France
Films set in France
1940s French films


KVCV may refer to:

 Southern California Logistics Airport (ICAO code KVCV)
 KVCV-LD, a low-power television station (channel 23, virtual 48) licensed to serve Victoria, Texas, United States; see List of television stations in Texas
 KVCV-LP, a defunct low-power television station (channel 42) formerly licensed to serve Victoria, Texas


The 2008 Paris Masters (also known as the BNP Paribas Masters for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 36th edition of the Paris Masters, and was part of the ATP Masters Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, from 25 October through 2 November 2008.

The singles draw was headlined by year-end World No. 1, Beijing Olympics singles gold medalist, French Open and Wimbledon, Monte Carlo, Hamburg, Toronto Masters champion Rafael Nadal, ATP No. 2, US Open, Estoril, Halle and Basel titlist, Olympic doubles gold medalist Roger Federer, and Australian Open, Indian Wells, Rome Masters winner Novak Djokovic. Also announced were US Open runner-up, Cincinnati, Madrid Masters and recent St. Petersburg titlist Andy Murray, Valencia and 's-Hertogenbosch champion David Ferrer, Nikolay Davydenko, Andy Roddick and David Nalbandian.

Notable stories

Race to the championships
As the final tournament of the season before the Tennis Masters Cup, several players battled for the remaining spots at the year-end singles event, which plays host to the world's top eight players. Coming into the tournament, twelve players were vying for the final three spots (in descending order of race ranking): Andy Roddick, Juan Martín del Potro, Gilles Simon, David Ferrer, James Blake, Stanislas Wawrinka, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, David Nalbandian, Fernando Verdasco, Gaël Monfils, and Robin Söderling. Roddick was the first to qualify, when he defeated Madrid Masters runner-up Gilles Simon in the third round. The semifinals wins of Nalbandian over Nikolay Davydenko and Tsonga over Blake assured del Potro of a place, with the championship match set to decide the final qualifier. Home favorite Jo-Wilfried Tsonga eventually defeated defending champion David Nalbandian in three sets, to move to the eight place in the ATP Race, and qualify for the year-end championships.

The doubles event also included a pursuit between Poles Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski, South Africans Jeff Coetzee and Wesley Moodie, and Brazilians Marcelo Melo and André Sá for the last spot of the year-end doubles championships. Melo and Sa lost their chance to qualify when they were defeated by Jonas Björkman and Kevin Ullyett in the quarterfinals, while the two other teams advanced to meet in the semis, in a match to decide of the last qualifiers. Coetzee and Moodie eventually came out on top in straight sets to clinch their first Tennis Masters Cup ticket together, the first ever for Coetzee, and the second for Moodie, who had already participated to the 2005 edition with Stephen Huss.

Finals

Singles

 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated  David Nalbandian 6–3, 4–6, 6–4
 It was Tsonga's 2nd title of the year, and overall. It was his 1st career Masters title.

Doubles

 Jonas Björkman /  Kevin Ullyett defeated  Jeff Coetzee /  Wesley Moodie 6–2, 6–2

References

External links

 Official website
 ATP tournament profile
 Singles draw
 Doubles draw

BNP Paribas Masters
BNP Paribas Masters
BNP Paribas Masters


Mortimer William Pomerance (August 2, 1905 – January 12, 1995) was an American animator who worked for Walt Disney Studios. He worked first as a business manager of cartoonists, and then was a business agent for the Screen Actors Guild.  After the Disney strike of 1941, Pomerance and David Hilberman left Disney and started their own animation show studio, TEMPO.

Walt Disney accused Pomerance, along with Herbert Sorrell and David Hilberman, of being a communist in an interview with chief investigator Robert E. Stripling before the House Un-American Activities Committee, although Disney said in the interview that "No one has any way of proving" this.

On 5 February 1952, Pomerance appeared before the HUAC.  He refused to answer whether he had been a member of the Communist Party by taking the 5th Amendment.

He was born in Manhattan, the first-born son of Jewish immigrants Harry Pomerance and Esther Perlstein, both from Russia. He died in Madison, Connecticut in 1995.

References

1905 births
1995 deaths
Artists from Manhattan
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
American animators
20th-century American Jews


The 1996 Eurocard Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 1st edition of the Stuttgart Masters and was part of the Mercedes Super 9 of the 1996 ATP Tour. It took place at the Schleyerhalle in Stuttgart, Germany from 21 October through 27 October 1996. Sixth-seeded Boris Becker won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Boris Becker defeated  Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4
 It was Becker's 4th title of the year and the 63rd of his career. It was his 1st Super 9 title of the year and his 5th overall.

Doubles

 Sébastien Lareau /  Alex O'Brien defeated  Jacco Eltingh /  Paul Haarhuis 3–6, 6–4, 6–3
 It was Lareau's only title of the year and the 3rd of his career. It was O'Brien's 2nd title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

See also
 Agassi–Sampras rivalry

Notes

References

Eurocard Open


Joseph-Henri Léveillé (28 May 1796 – 3 February 1870) was a French physician and mycologist who was a native of Crux-la-Ville, in the department of Nièvre.

Léveillé studied medicine and mycology at the University of Paris, and in 1824 received his medical doctorate.

In his 1837 paper Sur le hymenium des champignons, he provided an early, comprehensive description of the basidium and cystidium of basidiomycete fungi, and was able to establish the role that the basidium played in spore production. Also, he made important findings in regard to the true nature of individual members of the so-called genus "Sclerotium".

Selected writings
 Sur le hymenium des champignons (1837)
 Memoire sur le genre Sclerotium (1843)
 Considérations mycologiques, suivies d'une nouvelle classification des champignons (1846)
 Iconographie des Champignons de Paulet (1855)

Honours
He is honoured in the naming of Leveillella in 1915, which is a genus of fungi in the Asterinaceae family.

See also
 :Category:Taxa named by Joseph-Henri Léveillé

References

External links

 The Mushroom Journal (biographical information)
 Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi mycetozoa and bacteria by Anton Bary, Isaac Bayley Balfour, Henry Edward Fowler Garnsey
 HUH- Index of Botanists

French mycologists
1796 births
1870 deaths
People from Nièvre
University of Paris alumni


The Shetland goose is a breed of domestic geese originating in the Shetland Islands in Scotland. Like the other livestock breeds native to the islands, the Shetland goose is small in stature, generally weighing between 12 and 14 pounds (5 and 6 kilos). They are very hardy and exceptionally good foragers, and are able to largely sustain themselves through grazing.

History
The Shetland goose has been used by crofters to graze pastures. This was to rid the grass of parasites, such as the liver fluke, to prepare it for grazing by sheep.

Characteristics
Like a few other goose breeds, including the Pilgrim and Cotton Patch, Shetlands are sexually dimorphic at hatch (called auto-sexing in poultry nomenclature), and can be differentiated on appearance alone. Ganders have entirely white plumage, while geese have a head, neck, and upper body with gray highlights and a white underbody. They generally mate for life, and are good parents. Shetland geese lay around 30 eggs a year, that are white in colour. The Shetland goose has a shorter bill, due to its natural ability to forage.

Shetlands were first exported to United States in 1997, by a farm in New York. They are not yet recognized by the American Poultry Association via admittance in the Standard of Perfection. The breed is currently being studied by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, which considers populations in North America to potentially be too low to maintain sufficient genetic diversity (in North America).

References

See also
 List of goose breeds
 Shetland animal breeds

Goose breeds
Goose breeds originating in Scotland
Goose breeds originating in the United Kingdom
Shetland animal breeds
Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist


Education in Vermont consists of public and private schools including the University of Vermont, the Vermont State Colleges, private colleges, and secondary and primary schools in the U.S. state of Vermont.

Vermont State Board of Education

The Vermont State Board of Education or VSBE, is appointed by the  governor with approval by the senate. It administers public education in the state. Local municipalities and their respective school districts operate individual public schools but the VSBE audits performance of public schools. The VSBE also makes recommendations to state leaders concerning education spending and policies.

Primary and secondary schools

Vermont’s compulsory attendance statute requires parents or guardians to cause their children between the ages of 6 and 16 to attend a public school, an independent school (private schools), approved education program or a home study program (homeschooling).  Public and independent schools are commonly but not exclusively divided into three tiers of primary and secondary education: elementary school, middle school or junior high school and high school. School districts are often complex in structure. In some cases, elementary, middle and junior high schools of a single district feed into high schools in another district or overlap with other districts at the high school level.

There are 250 public schools in Vermont. This includes 28 union high schools. Union high schools are those supported by towns with separate school districts for elementary grades.

To promote educational efficiency the state allowed towns to create a higher level school district above the level of each participating town, the union. The main function of the union school was to permit the creation of larger high schools in rural areas. Participating towns elect two school boards, one local, the second at the union level. The local union hires the principal and teachers; the union level hires a superintendent who is expected to supervise all local schools. There are more than 80 such unions in the state, out of 362 total school districts, many of whom fall under the union school districts.

A majority of graduating seniors select out-of-state colleges. This reached a high of 59.4% in  2004 and has ebbed since then.

The high school population is expected to decline 20% from 2009 to 2022, one of the largest drops in the nation. This is attributed to Vermont's low birthrate.

In 2018, the school system had been built to educate 100,000 students, but was educating 76,000; 24,000 fewer since 1998. The student to staff ratio decreased from 7:1 to about 4:1. The state spent $1.6 billion to educate these 76,000 students, the largest per capita in the country and twice the national average. About half of high school graduates continued on to earn an undergraduate degree.

School districts include the Dresden School District, the first-in-the-nation cross-state school district, which includes Hanover, New Hampshire. Hanover was once part of the state of Vermont (see below).

The state authorized two more pre-K grades to the school system for the benefit of three- and four-year-olds. Entry to these two grades is capped.

In 2008, there were 19,145 full-time equivalent teachers and 94,114 students in public schools. Teacher-pupil ratio is 11.12:1.
The number of pupils has dropped annually from 2003-2009.

Private schools are less common than public schools. Some private high schools can be perceived as "semi-private.". This means that while it costs money to send children there, towns will make a contract with a school to take children from a town at a slightly reduced rate. Often this is done when it is deemed cheaper to subsidize private tuition than build a whole new school when a private one already exists.

Around 90 Vermont towns have no public schools at all or only have a public elementary school or a public high school. The students of these towns have access to school choice for the grades the town does not provide. In these instances, towns are required to pay tuition to other public schools or approved independent schools for resident students of the town to attend.

In 2010, an estimated 2/3 to 3/4 of all schools opened during the last week of August (before Labor Day).

In 2016  there were more than 280 school districts. By 2018 the Vermont government passed a school consolidation law hoping to reduce the number of districts; in 2016 79 or more districts each had enrollments under 100.

Enrollment
In 2000 there were about 100,000 students in Vermont public schools. In 2016 there were a total of about 80,000 students in Vermont public schools.

Rankings
Vermont was named the nation's smartest state in 2005 and 2006. In 2006, there was a gap between state testing standards and national which is biased in favor of the state standards by 30%, on average. This puts Vermont 11th best in the nation. Most states have a higher bias. However, when allowance for race is considered, a 2007 US Government list of test scores shows Vermont white fourth graders performed 25th in the nation for reading (229), 26th for math (247). White eight graders scored 18th for math (292) and 12th for reading (273). The first three scores were not considered statistically significant from average. White eighth graders scored significantly above average in reading. Statistics for black students were not comparable because of their small representation in the testing.

Education Week ranked the state second in the nation in high school graduation rates for 2007.

In 2008, Vermont high school students achieved the highest five-year increase in the country in Advanced Placement testing. 19.8% of tested students scored a 3 or higher, compared to an average of 15.2% in the rest of the country.

In 2010 the state ranked highest in the nation for achievement of low-income students. In the same evaluation, it ranked the lowest in the country for education reform. States were evaluated for education reform on academic standards, change in proficiency standards, private school choice, charter school law, online learning policies and programs, home-schooling regulations and removing ineffective teachers.

Standards
The state is participating in a 30-state Common Core State Standards Initiative and assessment of students to replace the New England NECAP test. The state intends to use the new standards by 2015. The test will be given in grades 3-8 and at the end of grade 11 (junior year).

Health
In 2010, the National Association of School Nurses reported that the state has the highest ratio of school nurses to students, in the country, 1:311.

School Boards

In 2010 there were 62 supervisory unions containing less than 95,000 students.

School boards require voter approval before implementing a budget.

History

Academies and grammar schools
Vermont's 1777 constitution was the first in English-speaking North America to mandate public funding for universal education. This requirement was first met by elementary-level village schools with sessions held in the cooler months to accommodate farm work. Most schools educated similar numbers of girls and boys. Conditions in these schools varied, and the highest level of instruction was tenth grade. By the end of the eighteenth century, grammar schools, instructing students in English, algebra, geometry, Greek, and Latin, had been established at Bennington, Burlington, Castleton, Middlebury, Montpelier, and Windsor. These grammar schools were of a higher caliber than the smaller villages' schools, and the level of education at some was equivalent to college level.

By the middle nineteenth century, an expansion in settlement and the population of the state, coupled with increased prosperity, brought grammar schools to all corners of Vermont. Even the most remote Northeast Kingdom had established high-school-level instruction in Brownington, Craftsbury, Danville, Hardwick, and Newport. Many of these established grammar schools and academies, though not entirely public, received funds from area town governments in exchange for education of their students. As a system of public funding for primary and secondary education took root, many of these schools became municipal public schools. Several remained private, becoming private high-school-level academies, and several become colleges; the Orange County Grammar School became Vermont Technical College, the Rutland County Grammar School became Castleton State College, the Lamoille County Grammar School became Johnson State College, and the Addison County Grammar School became Middlebury College.

In 1845, a state statute required county judges to appoint a county superintendent of schools to oversee common schools.

In 1892, the state created the town school district system.

Educating teachers
In the 1860s a shortage of qualified teachers brought the establishment of state "normal schools," a term based on the French term école normale – a school to train teachers. The grammar schools at Randolph Center (1866), Castleton, and Johnson became normal schools, additional normal schools were established in Concord and Lyndonville. Additional post secondary schools instructing students to become teachers were called seminaries. While several were nominally associated with Protestant churches, none were seminaries in the sense of training ministers. These seminaries also graduated teachers to staff Vermont's growing number of primary and secondary schools.

The one-room school house
The one-room school house, born of small multi-age rural populations, continued well into the twentieth century. Rural towns without a single central village often built two to a half-dozen school houses across their terrain. Much of this came from a lack of transportation and a need for students to return home by mid afternoon for farm chores. By 1920 all public schools, including the one-room school houses, were regulated by the state government. In the early 1930s state legislation established a review and certification program similar to accreditation. Schools were issued regulations about teacher education and curriculum. Education quality in rural areas was maintained through a program called Vermont Standard Schools. Rural school houses meeting certification requirements displayed a green and white plaque with the Vermont coat of arms and the words "Vermont Standard School."

Consolidation
The state passed Act 46 to compel small school districts to merge into larger ones, with the consolidated districts to operate effective July 1, 2019. Judge Robert A. Mello of the Franklin County Superior Court upheld the implementation of the law in 2019.

Secondary schools
In 2009, 26% of seniors took that ACT test; 70% took the SAT test. The average SAT score was 519 in critical reading, 521 in math, and 506 in writing. The average total was 1,546. The US average was 1,509.

2,677 students took AP classes; many took more than one; 6,057 AP tests were given.

Teachers
In 2013, the ratio of students to teachers is the lowest in the country.

In 2010, the law changed to require teachers to work until 65 after 30 years of teaching. The former age was 62. Or years spent in the classroom plus the teachers age must now equal 90. A waiver was made for teachers who were "close" under the previous system.

Funding
The legislature passed Act 60 in 1997 in an attempt to balance taxation for education among towns. It has been controversial.

In 2017, spending $1.6 billion on education for 76,000 public school children, represents more than $21,000 per student.

In 2010, educators accounted for 70% of a school's cost.

According to one study, enrollment in kindergarten through 12th grade has declined by nearly 10 percent during the 1990s. During the same period total staff numbers have increased by more than 20 percent. Per pupil spending grew from $6,073 in 1990 to $13,664 in 2006.

In 2007, state costs for special education was $264 million, more than double what it was in 1998. In 2008, 14% of public school students qualified for special help.

In 2010 Vermont ranked 49th out of 50 states in the nation for the amount spent subsidizing higher education, per capita.

Sports
As in most areas, high schools compete in sports in two types of division. One, because of logistical and geographical constraints, is necessarily local. That is, large schools play small ones in the same area. A second division is based on school population and is statewide. Eventually, schools with the best records in this type of division will meet each other for seasonal playoffs. Football division assignments are based on a combination of football wins over the last four years, the number of boys playing the sport and the total boy enrollment in the school.

There are three major geographical groups: Northern Vermont Athletic Conference (NVAC), Marble Valley (MVL, and Connecticut Valley (CVL). These in turn are broken into geographical divisions CVC Central, NVAC Lake (near Lake Champlain), Mountain, NVAC East, NVAC Metro (Burlington area), NVAC Capital, CVL, and MVL Divisions A, B, and C. Divisions based on population are I, II, III and IV, with the largest schools in I.

Colleges and universities

In 2008, Vermont has the highest average in-state annual tuition and fees for 4-year colleges at $11,341, up 8.1% since 2007. The state also has the highest 2-year average tuition and fees at $5,830, up 6% since 2007. In Community College of Vermont, it has the most expensive community college in the country.

The average Vermont graduate in the class of 2007 owed $24,329, making the state the fourth worst in the country.

History
During the period of the Vermont Republic several towns on the east side of the Connecticut River were part of Vermont. This included Hanover, home of Dartmouth College. Statehood brought about establishment of the Connecticut River as a natural border. Having lost Dartmouth College, Ira Allen established the University of Vermont (UVM) in 1791 to complement the smaller college at Castleton. By the mid-twentieth century all but one of the state normal schools, and many of the seminaries, had become four-year colleges of liberal arts and sciences. Experimentation at the University of Vermont by George Perkins Marsh, and later the influence of Vermont born philosopher and educator John Dewey brought about the concepts of electives and learning by doing. Today Vermont has five colleges within the Vermont State Colleges system, UVM, fourteen other private, degree-granting colleges, including Middlebury College, a private, co-educational liberal arts college founded in 1800, Champlain College, located in Burlington, is the primary private college of Vermont's largest city, the Vermont Law School at Royalton, and Norwich University, the oldest private military college in the United States and birthplace of ROTC, founded in 1819. Burlington College was a private college in the City of Burlington, but closed its doors and its assets were sold in 2016, due to financial difficulties.

Major universities
The University of Vermont

The state contribution to UVM in 2008 was $42.2 million. Other state college funding was $25.2 million.

Other post-secondary schools
Besides the "National Universities", Vermont has several other universities, both public and private. There are about a dozen small liberal arts colleges across the state. Additionally, Vermont supports public community colleges in the Community College of Vermont.

Concerns

A non-profit organization dedicated to education reform, gave Vermont the lowest ranking in the nation for college readiness programs for high school. It said that the state was doing nothing in four areas: 1) aligning high school standards and graduation requirements with college and workplace expectations, 2) administering a college readiness test to all high school students; 3) developing a data system to track students from kindergarten on; and 4) holding high schools accountable for graduating students who are college and workplace ready.

The state stood 42nd in 2006 for high school graduates continuing on to college, 54.5%. It was 50th in the estimated percentage of high school students going to college in their home state, 23.6%. It has the highest cost in the nation for public two-year and four-year colleges. It is second-highest in the nation for adults 25-64 with a high school degree and no college. It is 44th for two-year college completion, but 7th for 4-year college completion.

In 2006, Vermont ranked eighth in the country for high school graduation rate, 82.3%.

Footnotes

External links
 Vermont State Board of Education
2008 AP test results - College Board press release


Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho (Sebastián Rodríguez Cermeño in Spanish; c. 1560–1602), was a Portuguese explorer, born in Sesimbra (Portugal), appointed by the king Philip II (; ) to sail along the shores of California, in the years 1595 and 1596, in order to map the American west coast line and define the maritime routes of the Pacific Ocean in the 16th century.

Early life
Little is known of Soromenho.  He was probably the same man as a Sebastian Rodrigues, a pilot on the Manila Galleon Santa Ana, which was captured by Thomas Cavendish in 1587 during his circumnavigation. Soromenho had a 200-ton ship.

Voyage
The Manila Galleon San Agustin was sent from the Philippines to survey the coast of what became Oregon and California and then to complete the trip to Acapulco, Mexico. Carrying 130 tons of cargo, the ship displaced approximately 200 tons. Soromenho was appointed as captain for the voyage of the San Agustin based on his professional skill as a navigator.

On July 5, 1595, the San Agustin sailed from Manila with its cargo, some passengers, and some soldiers. On November 4, 1595 it reached land between Point St. George and Trinidad Head in California. Soromenho followed the coast south to Drakes Bay, anchoring on November 7. He was greeted by the Native Americans in a manner similar to that offered to Francis Drake 16 years earlier, but there was an absence of the great fear and reserve exhibited on that occasion. In late November, the San Agustin was at anchor when a large storm blew in from the south or southwest.  The ship dragged anchor and sank.  Several people died (accounts vary between seven and twelve) and all goods (mostly silk, wax and porcelain) were lost.

Construction on a launch which had been brought from the Philippines was completed. Nearly 80 persons sailed in the launch, now named the San Buenaventura, on December 8.  Seeking the fastest route south, the expedition failed to notice San Francisco Bay.  They arrived at Puerto de Chacala, Mexico on January 17, 1596.

Notes

References

Piedade, Carla Delgado da, O contributo português na definição das rotas do Pacífico no século XVI : a viagem de Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho Lisboa: Academia de Marinha, 2006.

External links
 Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho o Sebastian Rodríquez Cermeño (Spanish)

1560s births
1602 deaths
Portuguese explorers
Portuguese explorers of the Pacific
16th-century explorers
16th-century Portuguese people
People from Sesimbra
Explorers of California


Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski.

Jonas Björkman and Kevin Ullyett won in the final 6–2, 6–2, against Jeff Coetzee and Wesley Moodie.

Seeds
All seeds receive a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
Draw

Doubles


Maybe Not Tonight is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. It was released in 1999 (see 1999 in country music) on Mercury Records. The first album of his career not to achieve an RIAA certification, it also failed to produce any Top Ten country hits. The lead-off single, which was the title track duet with Lorrie Morgan (also included on her 1999 album My Heart) reached #17 on the country charts. This song was concurrently promoted by Mercury and BNA Records, Morgan's label. Following it were "When You Love Someone" at #37 and "Me and Maxine" at #35. "Louisiana Hot Sauce", the fourth and final single, failed to chart. Also included is a cover of Bobby Vee's "More Than I Can Say", which water later a #2 pop hit for Leo Sayer in 1980. In addition, "How Much Does the World Weigh" was later recorded by Tracy Byrd on his 2001 album Ten Rounds. Maybe Not Tonight was also Kershaw's last studio album for Mercury. After it was released, Mercury issued an album of cover songs and a second greatest hits compilation before he exited the label.

Track listing

Personnel
Eddie Bayers – drums
Stuart Duncan – fiddle
Paul Franklin – steel guitar
John Kelton – keyboards
Sammy Kershaw – lead vocals
Brent Mason – electric guitar
Lorrie Morgan – vocals on "Maybe Not Tonight"
Gary Prim – keyboards
Hargus "Pig" Robbins – piano
John Wesley Ryles – background vocals
Keith Stegall – "wangy guitar"
John D. Willis – acoustic guitar
Glenn Worf – bass guitar

String section
Bruce Dukov, Endre Granat, Bob Gerry, Alan Grunfeld, Clayton Haslop, Darius Campo, Gil Romero, Horia Moroaica, Joel Derouin, Karen Johnes, Mike Markman, Pat Johnson, Rachel Purkin, Razdan Kuyumjian, Sheldon Sanov, Tammy Hatwan – violins
Harry Shirinian, Margot Aldcroft, Matt Funes, Carrie Holzman, Maria Newman, Simon Oswell, Ron Strauss, Ray Tischer – violas
Steve Erody, Vage Ayrikyan, Jodi Burnett, Larry Corbett, Suzie Katayama, Armen Ksajikian, Miguel Martinez, Steve Richards – cellos

Strings conducted and arranged by Steve Dorff.

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

Allmusic (see infobox)

1999 albums
Sammy Kershaw albums
Mercury Nashville albums
Albums produced by Keith Stegall


Events in the year 1811 in India.

Events
 National income - 13,863 million

Law
East India Company Bonds Act (British statute)

Births
Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim, poet (died 1845).

Deaths

India
Years of the 19th century in India


Enzo Ferrero (born January 3, 1953 in Campana) is a retired Argentine footballer who played for Boca Juniors in Argentina and Sporting de Gijón in Spain.

Ferrero started his professional playing career on September 9, 1971 in a 3–0 win over Los Andes. He went on to play 169 times for Boca Juniors scoring 39 goals.

He played for the Argentina youth team  in 1972 and made his debut for the Argentina national team in 1974.

In 1975, Ferrero joined Spanish side Sporting de Gijón where he became an idol, he played for the club until his retirement in 1985.

Ferrero was manager of UD Gijón Industrial for three years, where he led the team to promotion to the Spanish Tercera División. He has also managed Astur CF.

External links

Informe Xeneize profile

1953 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Men's association football wingers
Argentine Primera División players
Boca Juniors footballers
La Liga players
Sporting de Gijón players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Argentine football managers


The 1997 Alabama Crimson Tide football team represented the University of Alabama in the college football season of 1997–98. The team's head coach was Mike DuBose, who was entering his first year at Alabama. They played their home games at both Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama, and competed in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference. Alabama would finish with a record of 4–7 record in suffering the program's first losing season since the 1984 season. The loss against Kentucky (their first to the Wildcats since 1922) marked Alabama's first ever overtime game, as overtime rules for college football had gone into effect the previous season.

Schedule

Coaching staff

Game summaries

Houston

A sell-out crowd filled Legion Field as the Mike Dubose era got off to a great start with the Crimson Tide rolling to a big win over Houston. Alabama's 42 points was the most any Alabama team had put up in a game since the season opener in 1994.

Vanderbilt

Alabama defense would hold Vanderbilt offense to 124 yards as the Crimson Tide won its first road and conference game of the year in shutout fashion.

Arkansas

For the second time in a row, Arkansas would come to Bryant-Denny Stadium and upset a ranked Alabama team by one point. Alabama held a 16-10 lead late in the game but, an Anthony Eubanks touchdown grab of 29 yards from Clint Stoerner gave Arkansas a one-point win.

Southern Miss

After being tied at halftime, Alabama would outscore Southern Miss 17-3 in the second half lead by Alabama defense forcing three Southern Miss turnovers.

Kentucky

A back and forth shootout ended with a 26-yard game-winning touchdown pass from Kentucky QB Tim Couch to give Kentucky its first win over Alabama since 1922. Alabama had the ball first in overtime but, a Chad Goss fumble gave Kentucky an opportunity to score and win with their possession. This would mark the first overtime game ever for both teams.

Tennessee

For the third straight year, Tennessee would beat Alabama. Alabama would kick two early field goals to have a 6-0 lead but Tennessee would score the next 28 points to put the game out of reach for Alabama. This game would be the last Third Saturday in October  game to be played at Legion Field.

Ole Miss

Mike DuBose would get his first win against a ranked team as the Crimson Tide ended their two-game losing streak with a win against Ole Miss.

Louisiana Tech

For the first time since the 1990 season, Alabama would lose a non-conference game. This was also the first homecoming loss for Alabama since 1990, and the first time Louisiana Tech had ever defeated Alabama. Coming into the game, the Bulldogs had the third-ranked passing offense in college football.

LSU

LSU returned the favor after Alabama shutout LSU in Tiger Stadium in 1996 by shutting out Alabama at Bryant-Denny Stadium. This was the first time Alabama had been shutout since 1991.

Mississippi State

For the first time since 1957, Mississippi State would win in Bryant-Denny Stadium. The loss also meant Alabama would not win a game at Bryant-Denny Stadium for the first time since 1955. The loss also guaranteed Alabama its first losing season since 1984.

Auburn

Despite being an underdog, Alabama would lead for most of the game and be in a position to put the game away but an Ed Scissum fumble recovered by Auburn put them in field goal range to take the lead and ultimately give them the win. Alabama would try a 57-yard field goal with A.J. Diaz as time expired but it fell short. Alabama seven losses was the most Alabama had had in a season since 1957.

References

Alabama
Alabama Crimson Tide football seasons
Alabama Crimson Tide football


The Dr. Hovey Everett House is a Greek Revival style house in the hamlet of Lowman in the town of Chemung, New York.  It is significant both for its architecture and for its association with the life of Dr. Hovey Everett, who practised medicine in the area including Lowman and nearby Elmira, New York for forty years, from his arrival in the area in 1821 until his death in 1861.  The house was built in 1827 as a wedding present for Dr. Everett upon his marriage to Cynthia Lowman, of the family for whom the town was named.  The house and related buildings and structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Gallery

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1827
Houses in Chemung County, New York
1827 establishments in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Chemung County, New York


Events in the year 1845 in India.

Events
 1st Sikh War, 1845–46.
Grant Medical College opened in Bombay

Law
Meriah Sacrifices Act
Governor General Act

Deaths
 Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim, poet (born 1811).

References

India
Years of the 19th century in India


Bojović (, ) is a Serbian surname. It may refer to:

Petar Bojović (1858–1945), Serbian general
Milan Bojović (born 1987), Serbian football player
Mijuško Bojović (born 1988), Montenegrin footballer
Vidan Bojović (born 1979), Serbian futsal player who plays for Ekonomac Kragujevac and the Serbia national futsal team ...
Zoran Bojović (born 1956), retired Montenegrin football midfielder
Miljana Bojović (born 1987), Serbian female basketball player
Miloš Bojović (born 1981), Serbian professional basketball player
Miloš Bojović (1938–2001), Serbian professional basketball player
Ivan Bojović (born 1977), retired Montenegrin football defender
Dejan Bojović (born 1983), Serbian volleyball player
Vlado Bojović (born 1952), former Yugoslav handball player
Biljana Petrović née Bojović (born 1961), retired Yugoslavian high jumper
Zoran Bojovic (architect), architect
Bane Bojović, founding member of rapcore band Sunshine
The Bojović brotherhood of the Vasojevići

See also
Bojić

Surnames of Serbian origin


Los Álamos is a Chilean commune and city in Arauco Province, Biobío Region.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Los Álamos spans an area of  and has 18,632 inhabitants (9,456 men and 9,176 women). Of these, 16,394 (88%) lived in urban areas and 2,238 (12%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 10.4% (1,762 persons).

The commune includes the locality of Antihuala.

Administration
As a commune, Los Álamos is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Lautaro Melita Vinett (PS). Since 2013 and until the present the alcalde of Los Álamos is Jorge Fuentes Fetis

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Los Álamos is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Manuel Monsalve (PS) and Iván Norambuena (UDI) as part of the 46th electoral district, together with Lota, Lebu, Arauco, Curanilahue, Cañete, Contulmo and Tirúa. The commune is represented in the Senate by Victor Pérez Varela (UDI) and Mariano Ruiz-Esquide Jara (PDC) as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Coast).

Culture
In the literary field, Los Álamos stands out for its poets. Among these, one can name René Briones Sandoval, Maribel Castro Vergara, Olga Ester Garrido, Marta Díaz Pereira, María Rocha, Manuel Castro, Mac Karo, who were anthologized in the magazine Chonchón n°39, published in September 2020. In addition, During the years 2018 and 2019, the poets of Los Álamos participated in the I and II Latin American Meeting of Poets and Narrators in Lebu, events that included the presence of authors from the Province of Arauco, such as Lidia Mansilla Valenzuela and Alejandro Concha M., and from abroad, such as Jorge Canales and Amapola, from El Salvador, Chary Gumeta and José Baroja, from Mexico, and Felicidad Batista, from Spain, among other participants.

References

External links
  Municipality of Los Álamos

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Arauco Province


Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated the defending champion David Nalbandian in the final, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 2008 Paris Masters.

Seeds
All seeds receive a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Qualifying

Qualifying seeds

Qualifiers

Lucky losers

Qualifying draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

Fifth qualifier

Sixth qualifier

References

External links
Draw
Qualifying draw
ITF tournament profile

Singles


The Cotton Patch is a breed of domestic goose originating in the Southern United States. It is so named because it traditionally was used to weed fields of cotton, corn, and other crops.

History
Up until the 1950s, Cotton Patch geese were customarily kept on rural Southern homesteads and farms as multi-purpose poultry used for weeding, meat, eggs, down, and grease. Their grazing kept fields clear of crabgrass and other weeds, while leaving crops unharmed and reducing the amount of manual labor necessary. After the mid-20th century, herbicides almost entirely replaced weeding on American farms, and the Cotton Patch goose declined in concert. Considered critically endangered by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, the Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities, and the American Poultry Association, it has largely disappeared from the Southern farms where it was once common. It is also included in Slow Food USA's Ark of Taste, a catalog of heritage foods in danger of extinction.

Characteristics
The Cotton Patch goose is particularly well-adapted to the climate of the southeastern U.S., being more heat tolerant. They are also slimmer in body than most domestic geese, and retain a relatively good flying ability into adulthood. They much more closely resemble the wild forebears of domestic geese,  the greylag goose. They are similar in color to the Pilgrim Goose and Shetland Goose, and are also sexually dimorphic. In general, ganders are white with some dove gray feathers on the back and tail. Females are either entirely gray, or pied gray and white, also called saddleback. The bills and feet are pink rather than orange, as is seen in the Pilgrim, which it resembles.  They range in weight from 8-10 pounds for geese and 9-12 pounds for ganders.

See also
 List of goose breeds

References

Goose breeds originating in the United States
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
Goose breeds


Poop: A Natural History of the Unmentionable is a children's book about (animal) feces, written by Nicola Davies and illustrated by Neal Layton. The book gives info about the nature, production, variety, and manifold uses of animal poop. The book analyzes styles, sizes, uses, and smells of animal poop. It is an instructional guide on bathroom self-reliance. It tells how naturalists study poop to determine animal diets and how paleontologists analyze fossilized poop to learn about prehistoric animals.

Reception
A Kirkus Reviews review says, "Though Layton's crudely drawn cartoon illustrations provide more jocular side commentary than actual information, this breezy introduction will give young readers with a certain tolerance for (or attraction to) the yuckier side of natural history the scoop on poop—at least in the animal kingdom." Betty Carter of Horn Book Magazine reviewed the book saying, "Playful, but filled with information, scientific work, and helpful maps and diagrams, this book takes poop out of the sewers and into the scientific community where it belongs." Blair Christolon, of School Library Journal, commented, "For nonfiction readers who have difficulty finding something of interest to read, this book is sure to catch their attention."

See also
Everyone Poops
Flush!: The Scoop on Poop throughout the Ages

References

2004 children's books
British non-fiction books
British children's books
Children's non-fiction books
Books about feces
British picture books


B-17: Fortress in the Sky is a 2007 combat flight simulator video game for the Nintendo DS developed by American studio Skyworks Technologies Inc. It takes place during World War II in the air war over Germany and the occupied territories in the autumn of 1944.

Basic details
The game has separate missions, with each having two parts. The first part is usually fighting off attacks from other aircraft with machine guns that are placed in different locations on the plane, and the second part is bombing the required targets.

Reception

The game received "unfavorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

References

External links

2007 video games
Combat flight simulators
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Destination Software games
Video games developed in the United States


USS Wabanquot (YTB-525), later YTM-525, was a tug that served in the United States Navy from 1945 to 1976.

Wabanquot was a Hisada-class tug laid down in May 1945 at Jacksonville, Florida, by the Gibbs Gas Engine Company. She was launched on 9 August 1945, sponsored by Mrs. G. W. Scott, Jr., and delivered to the U.S. Navy on 13 November 1945.

Originally intended for World War II service in the Western Pacific, Wabanquot instead was assigned to the 11th Naval District at San Diego, California, because the war had ended before her completion. She was transferred to the United States Atlantic Fleet in 1947 and was placed in reserve status with the 16th Fleet.

In 1948, Wabanquot was assigned to the 3rd Naval District. She provided towing services and pilot assistance at New York City from 1948 to 1976. In February 1962, she was reclassified as a medium harbor tug and redesignated YTM-525.

Wabanquot was struck from the Navy list in April 1976.

Lately she was acquired by a Southamerican shipowner, renamed "Vikingo". Nowadays she is operated by Three Rivers Towing, in Paraguay River basin.

References

Tugs of the United States Navy
Ships built in Jacksonville, Florida
1945 ships


James Speare (born 5 November 1976) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Career

Having left Everton as a trainee in 1997, Speare joined Darlington making two appearances in the 1996–97 season. He then moved over to Ireland and joined Sligo Rovers.

Following a move to then non-league side Accrington Stanley in 1998, Speare played in almost 300 games over a 6-year period until the summer of 2004.

Speare has since appeared for a number of lower league clubs including Southport,  Lancaster City and Barrow amongst others.

Following a goalkeeper injury crisis at Accrington Stanley in the winter of 2008 Speare re-joined the club on a short-term contract, despite not making an appearance he was a regular on the substitutes bench until his release in January 2009.

In November 2011 following an injury to Ian Dunbavin Speare re-joined the club for a third time on another short-term deal, making the substitutes bench again on 12 November 2011 in a 1st Round FA Cup tie against Notts County.

On 12 October 2013, Jamie joined Cammell Laird as a goalkeeping coach. In October 2014 he followed manager Tony Sullivan to Witton Albion.

References

External links

1976 births
Footballers from Liverpool
Living people
Men's association football goalkeepers
English men's footballers
English expatriate men's footballers
Everton F.C. players
Colwyn Bay F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Sligo Rovers F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. players
Lancaster City F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Barrow A.F.C. players
Witton Albion F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players


Yitzhak Ziv (, born 11 November 1937) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Gil between 2006 and 2009.

Biography
Born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era, Ziv today lives in Ramat Gan, and is widowed with three children.

For the 2006 Knesset elections he was placed fourth on the Gil list, and became a Knesset member when the party won seven seats. During his term he served as Deputy Speaker of the Knesset.

He lost his seat in the 2009 elections when the party failed to cross the electoral threshold.

References

External links

1937 births
Living people
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
Dor (political party) politicians
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Politicians from Tel Aviv


"So Anxious" is a song by R&B singer Ginuwine. It was written by Static Major, Benjamin Bush, and Timbaland for his second studio album 100% Ginuwine (1999), while production was helmed by the latter. The song describes the narrator anxiously waiting on his lover all night to return his calls so that she can meet him for romance. Released as the album's third single, "So Anxious" became Ginuwine's second top 20 pop hit. It also reached number two on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The music video was directed by Chris Robinson.

Track listing

Credits and personnel
Credits lifted from the liner notes of 100% Ginuwine.

Benjamin "Digital Black" Bush – writer
Jimmy Douglass – mixing engineer
Stephen Garrett – writer
Ginuwine – vocals
Timbaland – mixing engineer, producer, writer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Cover versions
Drake sampled "So Anxious" in the songs "Legend" and "Madonna" on his 2015 mixtape If You're Reading This It's Too Late.
R&B singer August Alsina covered the song in March 2015, however it was not released as a single.
The Sunday Service Choir, a gospel group led by Kanye West, interpolates "So Anxious" in the song "Soul's Anchored" on their 2019 debut album Jesus Is Born.

References

1999 singles
Ginuwine songs
Song recordings produced by Timbaland
Songs written by Timbaland
Songs written by Static Major
1998 songs
550 Music singles
Epic Records singles


The Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC), was a government-owned, contractor-operated complex of industrial facilities located within the  Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL), Ventura County, California.  The ETEC specialized in non-nuclear testing of components which were designed to transfer heat from a nuclear reactor using liquid metals instead of water or gas.  The center operated from 1966 to 1998. The ETEC site has been closed and is now undergoing building removal and environmental remediation by the U.S. Department of Energy.

History
In 1966, ETEC began as the Liquid Metals Engineering Center (LMEC). The LMEC was created by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission to provide development and non-nuclear testing of liquid metal reactor components.  The Liquid Metals Information Center (LMIC) was established at the same time by the AEC. The LMIC served as a technical information library relating to liquid metals and liquid metal components for the United States government. Both the LMEC and LMIC supported the United States Government's Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor program.

The LMEC and the LMIC were established within a western portion of Santa Susana Field Laboratory called Area IV.  In 1978, the LMEC charter was expanded to include general energy-related technology and the center was renamed the Energy Technology Engineering Center. Research and development at ETEC primarily involved metallic sodium because the proposed Fast Breeder Reactor required liquid sodium to operate. Sodium was chosen  because it has desirable heat transfer properties, a low operating pressure when compared to water, and sodium has a relatively low melting point.

The liquid metal components tested included steam generators, pumps, valves, flow meters and a variety of instrumentation.  Investigation into the metallurgical properties of piping exposed to the high temperatures for long periods of time was also performed. The Components were designed and fabricated then installed into a test facility and evaluated under operating conditions with the overall goal of improving the reliability and safety of the components and ultimately, the nuclear reactor the components would be used in.

The ETEC personnel operated several unique test facilities to evaluate nuclear reactor component tests using metallic sodium. One facility, the Sodium Pump Test Facility, capable of circulating up to 55,000 gallons of liquid sodium per minute at temperatures up to , was the largest sodium pump test facility in the world.

Corporate Organization
The LMEC was originally operated by the Atomics International division of North American Aviation and later by way of corporate merger, by Rockwell International. In 1996, The Boeing Company purchased Rocketdyne and assumed the ETEC contract with the Department of Energy.

Two distinct organizations within Atomics International were supported by the DOE at SSFL Area IV: one focused on the development of civilian nuclear power and the other, LMEC/ETEC, was the center of excellence for research and testing of non-nuclear components relating to liquid metals. Although ETEC was operated by Atomics International (and later by Rockwell International), the U.S. Government required the ETEC be operated separately from Atomics International in order to avoid giving the company an unfair advantage through preferential access to government-sponsored research. Thus, the ETEC operated as an autonomous entity within Atomics International.

At its height in 1973, ETEC employed four hundred fifty people. Parent Atomics International employed some 9,000 people during its height in the late 1970s.

The distinction between ETEC and AI nuclear division is blurred by the demise of Atomics International and the cleanup of radioactive materials under DOE's "ETEC Closure" contract with The Boeing Company. The US Department of Energy has assumed responsibility for the identification and, if necessary, cleanup of impacts to the environment resulting from the sodium- or radioactive material-related activities within SSFL Area IV.

Waste Management Practices
Components removed from a sodium–related test facility require careful management because the residual sodium within the component reacts violently with water, thus is a hazard to human health and the environment. In some cases, bulk quantities of sodium required disposal. Prior to the establishment of the 1976 Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act which regulates the treatment and disposal of sodium waste, ETEC personnel operated an on-site treatment and disposal site.  The site is called the Former Sodium Disposal Facility (FSDF) and was located at the extreme western edge of Area IV. The components were cleaned at the FSDF by reacting the sodium inside with steam or by tossing them into a large pool of water. The steam (or water) reacts with the sodium and removes the hazardous residues.

In 1978, in compliance with the new Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ETEC established the Hazardous Waste Management Facility (HWMF), a specialized facility to remove residual sodium from used components.  The HWMF operated under the Federal RCRA regulations and closed in 1998.

Environmental Impacts
The research and development activities at ETEC resulted in  contamination to the surrounding environment. While the FSDF was not intended for the disposal of chemicals or radioactive materials, it is clear these materials were present there. The Final Report for the FSDF cleanup prepared by Boeing notes that "a small amount of very low level radioactive waste was inadvertently disposed of at the site…"

The impacted soils were removed from the FSDF by Rocketdyne for the DOE in 1992. A video explaining the 1992 FSDF cleanup was produced by Rocketdyne. In 1998, the California Department of Public Health, Radiologic Health Branch determined the site to be clean up to the standards then in effect.   Further cleanup to remove traces of mercury and Polychlorinated biphenyls from the surrounding site was completed in 1999.

Other locations within Area IV (and the remainder of SSFL) have been undergoing an environmental Facility Investigation under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act since 1994. The investigation is overseen by the California State Department of Toxic Substances Control. A firm estimated completion date for the investigation and subsequent remediation, if any, could not be found.

By 2007, all of the sodium-related facilities have been removed from Area IV with the exception of the Sodium Pump Test Facility and the Hazardous Waste Management Facility.  All of the metallic sodium has been removed from ETEC.

Other Santa Susana Field Laboratory activities
Most of the  Santa Susana Field Laboratory—SSFL was used for the testing and development of rocket engines by Rocketdyne over a fifty-year period, initially for defensive missiles, and then primarily for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration—NASA space vehicles. That took place at locations in Areas I, II, and III totaling ~ 2,560 acres. The ETEC site is ~90 acres, of Area IV's 290 acre total.

There has been considerable environmental impact investigations underway across SSFL, including at the ETEC sites, since the 1990s to develop cleanup criteria, characterization measurement standards, and methods to use to reach contractual terms of completion. In the interim, some small site specific cleanups, contaminated surface water flow remediation, and minor habitat restoration efforts have been tried. The cleanup data gathering, and eventual cleanup projects (of chemical &/or radiological toxins), are under the direction of the DTSC—California Department of Toxic Substances Control of CalEPA, with a 2017 completion deadline/goal.

Interim remediation means, contaminant characterization studies, and all mandated cleanup work is funded by the R.P.s—Responsible Parties. They are the DOE—U.S. Department of Energy and The Boeing Company for the ETEC site (~90 acres) within Area IV. For the rest of the SSFL property the R.P.s are Boeing and/or NASA  fL, depending on: the Area (I, II, &/or III); contaminant types, and physical toxin location (i.e.: surface soils, aquifers, deep bedrock, etc.).

See also

Santa Susana Field Laboratory
Index: Simi Hills

References

External links

DOE: ETEC Closure Project —  website Homepage — history, characterization and cleanup
DTSC Online Document Library: for DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE) AREA IV — includes ETEC data, reports, and updates related to cleanup.

Atomics International
Energy infrastructure in California
Nuclear research institutes
Industrial buildings and structures in California
Buildings and structures in Ventura County, California
Simi Hills
United States Department of Energy facilities
Boeing
Civilian nuclear power accidents
Radioactively contaminated areas
Environmental disasters in the United States
Disasters in California
History of Ventura County, California
Nuclear accidents and incidents in the United States
1966 establishments in California
1998 disestablishments in California