Jadów  is a town in Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Jadów. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw

The town has a population of 1,200.

History
The beginnings of Jadów are dated to the late Middle Ages. In 1475, thanks to its location by a trade route, Jadów obtained a market privilege and the right to organize fairs.

Architecture
In 1474 the first church was built by Bolesław IV. The most valuable part of the urban area is the small market square with tenement houses around.

Jews of Jadów
Between the two world wars there were about 1500 Jews living in Jadów, which constituted approximately 90% of its inhabitants. The Zionist movement was present in the community. Along with the occupation of the village by German troops in 1939, many restrictions were enforced upon the Jewish population, including payments, wearing an identifying band on the arm, forced labor, etc.
In September 1942, a killing act (German “Aktion”) was enacted by Nazi troops, where approximately 800 Jews were shot to death. The rest were sent to the Treblinka extermination camp.

Notable people
 Gustaw Orlicz-Dreszer (1889–1936), Polish general, and political and social activist.

References

External links
 Satellite photo
 Jewish Community in Jadów on Virtual Shtetl

Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Holocaust locations in Poland


is a part of the municipality of Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, located at the western end of the beach of Shichirigahama, near Fujisawa. The name seems to stem from the fact it was founded by people who crossed ("goe") the base ("koshi") of the mountains to reach the fertile plains near the sea.

This small town's name has gone down to history for its deep links with beloved hero Minamoto no Yoshitsune who, having defeated the Taira clan in 1185 after the Genpei War, arrived in Koshigoe with Taira no Munemori and his son Taira no Kiyomune as his prisoners in tow. He meant to bring them personally to Kamakura, but was forbidden to enter by his brother Yoritomo.  His prisoners were, however, taken away and paraded on Wakamiya Ōji, Kamakura's main street. Yoshitsune waited fruitlessly for the permission to enter for about 20 days at Koshigoe's Manpuku-ji, near Shichirigahama, then dictated to his attendant Benkei a letter for Yoritomo destined to become famous, the "Letter from Koshigoe". He later gave up and left, but his brother pursued him and his severed head, pickled in sake, was exposed to the public's view, again in Koshigoe, four years later. In 1335, Hōjō Tokiyuki was defeated here by Ashikaga Takauji and his army.

Notes

References

 Papinot, E. (1910). "Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan." 1972 Printing. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Tokyo, .

Kamakura, Kanagawa


Kukawki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Jadów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Myszadła  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Jadów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

Like the rest of Poland, Myszadła is located in the Central European Time time zone region with a UTC offset of 1 hour.

The village has a humid continental climate (Dfb) according to the Köppen climate classification and the town is on the Eurasian Plate in Europe.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Nowinki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Jadów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Nowy Jadów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Letnisko Nowy Jadów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Letnisko Nowy Jadow


Oble  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Oble


Podbale  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Podbale


Podmyszadła  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Sitne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Sitne


Starowola  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Jadów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Strachów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Jadów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Sulejów may refer to the following places:
Sulejów in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
Sulejów, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Sulejów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)


Sulejów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Jadów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Szewnica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  northeast of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Szewnica


Urle  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

According to a local custom, neighbouring villages, especially Nowy Jadów-Letnisko and Borzymy-Letnisko, are also called by the same name; together these create an almost seamless complex that spreads on both sides of the two-track Warsaw-Białystok railway line (former Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway). The villages are served by a railway stop named after Urle; the stop is used only by local trains of Koleje Mazowieckie (previously PKP) that travel between Warsaw and Małkinia Górna (or closer Łochów on the same line).

Urle lie on the western bank of small and shallow Liwiec river and are surrounded by pine forests. Its name is thought to have come from a word "orle" associated with wet areas. Thanks to unusual microclimate Urle have been a popular tourist and vacation destination for people living in Warsaw. Many wooden rent houses have been built there in the pre-World War II era; the role of a summer destination (reflected in the name "letnisko" of many of its satellite spots) continued throughout the times of Communism when several big camping centers were built. Individual people also kept on visiting the villages, renting flats in old rent houses or simply in peasant huts; this form of vacation was nicknamed "wczasy pod gruszą" (literally, "holidays under a pear tree"). In the tourist season, professional (though unofficial) "agents" waited for potential customers at the station. The popularity of Urle diminished after 1989; some camping centers, previously run by now troubled companies, were liquidated.

References

Urle


Warmiaki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Warmiaki


Wójty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Wólka Sulejowska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Wujówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Wyglądały  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Zawiszyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jadów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Jadów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Zawiszyn


Mike Castro de Maria (Mike Castro Demaria) is an electronic music composer from Cannes, France. He was born in Geneva in 1972 to a Galician father who had fled from Francoist Spain and a Franco-Italian mother. His street name is a combination of his origins and he decided to use it as his stage name.

At fifteen, he started on the bass, which led him to appear with different bands on the Côte d'Azur. In 1991 he formed the band "Loi 91-32", a venture that was to last more than a year.

In 1994 at the Blitz nightclub, he met Charlotte & Max, the future founders of Twiggy Records. Max, a DJ on the Riviera, introduced him to electronic music and artists such as Lady B, Scan X, Didier Sinclair, Adolphe, and Green Velvet, etc.

In 2005 Mike Castro de Maria released So sweet lounge, his first lounge and cocooning album. In 2006 he met Anne Moreau who wrote the lyrics for "Live goes". Sweet Sugar Lounge, the second work in this series, has been available since June 2007.

In December 2010, after two years of work on different tracks, the "Winter games" Single was released. This is an electronic drum & bass track.

In February 2011, he released "Tempus fugit" the first opus of the Ultrasonique series.

Discography

Albums
 2002 : Dream Time
 2003 : Electronic Home Session
 2005 : So sweet lounge Distributor
 2007 : Sweet Sugar Lounge Distributor
 2010 : Winter Games Distributor
 2011 : Tempus Fugit Distributor

External links

Sources
 distributor : "Mike Castro de Maria BIO".

Club DJs
Remixers
Ableton Live users
Living people
Ambient musicians
People from Cannes
Year of birth missing (living people)


Dobczyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Klembów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Dobczyn


Karolew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Klembów,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Klembów  is a village in Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Klembów. It lies approximately  north-east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Krusze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Klembów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Krusze


Krzywica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Klembów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Lipka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Klembów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Lipka


Michałów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Klembów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Nowy Kraszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Nowy Kraszew


Pasek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Ostrówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Klembów,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Pieńki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Rasztów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Klembów,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Roszczep  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Klembów,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Roszczep


Sitki may refer to:

People

Sitki is a spelling of the name Sidqi.

Places

Sitki, Masovian Voivodeship, Polish village
Sitki, Silesian Voivodeship, Polish village


Sitki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Sitki


Stary Kraszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stary Kraszew


Tuł  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Klembów,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Frank Andrews (January 7, 1854 – November 11, 1924) was a farmer, educator and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Annapolis County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1886 to 1890 as a Liberal-Conservative member.

He was born in Victoria Vale, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, the son of John Andrews, who came to Nova Scotia from Cornwall, UK. Andrews was educated at Acadia College. He married Bertha Phinney from Massachusetts. For several years, Andrews was principal of a public school in Halifax.

Andrews died in Victoria, British Columbia on November 11, 1924.

References
The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1889 JA Gemmill

1854 births
1924 deaths
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
Canadian people of Cornish descent
Acadia University alumni
People from Annapolis County, Nova Scotia


Wola Rasztowska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klembów, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Klembów,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Wola Rasztowska


Choiny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Cygów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

Historically, Cygów was for centuries a gmina in its own right. It became a parish in the mid 15th century when the Ronczajski, a local landowning family, erected a wooden church there and saw it integrated into the diocese of Płock. By the mid 18th century, a courtier of King August III, one Dysmas Szymanowski acquired Cygów and a swath of forest and agricultural land containing a number of neighbouring villages, including Poświętne and turned it into his estate. He moved into Cygów manor. After the church was blown down in a storm, Szymanowski rebuilt it in 1762. It survived until 1939 when it succumbed to bombing by the Luftwaffe. By then, the parish was known as Poświętne. A new church was built on the site in the 1970s.

The reason for the disappearance of Cygów as a gmina is tied up with the declining economic and political fortunes of the Polish nation in the Russian partition and the terrible toll it exacted from many leading families. They were exhausted by two uprisings and financially depleted. So it was with the once notable Szymanowski family who had lived and entertained many illustrious figures in Cygów for four generations, while providing local employment. Indeed, some of the workers were British or Irish gardeners to look after the glasshouses.

The last heir to the estate, Teodor (1846-1901), inherited it at the age of twenty and seemingly was not adequately supported to carry on estate responsibilities. He was, anyway, an erudite man more inclined towards social and moral questions, such as a united Europe, and combatting slavery in Africa. The level of debt became sufficiently problematic by 1885, and may have been used as a pretext, to call in the bailiffs to auction off the estate to different buyers. The family, for by then Teodor was married with children, became virtually destitute and sought a new life close to the wife's kin in the East, in Western Ukraine. The presence of a Russian general to oversee the disposal and the fact that the manor house was soon demolished, while Cygów ceased to be a viable administrative unit, is suggestive of the characteristic repression carried out by the Russian authorities (for the wider family's past political activities), since in effect, this Szymanowski family was sent into exile.

Notable people associated with the Cygów circle
 Augustus III (1696-1763) King of Poland
 :pl:Teodor Kajetan Szydłowski, (1697-1795) Voyevoda of Płock, father-in-law of Dysmas Szymanowski
 Dysmas Szymanowski (c.1719-1784) Sejm deputy, royal cupbearer and first Szymanowski lord of Cygów Manor
 Teodor Dysmas (1750-1804) chamberlain to King Stanisław August
 Stanisław August (1732-1798) last king of Poland
 Feliks Łubieński (1758-1848) minister of justice in the Kingdom of Poland, grandfather-in-law of Feliks Szymanowski
 Piotr Łubieński (1781-1867) officer in Russian campaign, general, insurgent in the November uprising, Freemason and father-in-law of Feliks Szymanowski
 Joachim Lelewel (1786-1861) historian and diarist, neighbour and friend of the Szymanowski
 Feliks Szymanowski (1791-1867) officer in Napoleon's Russian campaign, insurgent in the November uprising, Freemason and National Bank director
 Theodore de Korwin Szymanowski (1846-1901) proponent of a European Union and anti-slavery campaigner, last heir of Cygów
 Jacek Malczewski (1854-1929) leading painter and first cousin through his mother, née Szymanowska
 Father Bernard Łubieński (1846-1933) Redemptorist, diarist and Catholic missionary in England

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Czubajowizna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Czubajowizna


Dąbrowica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Poświętne,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Helenów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Jadwiniew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  east of Warsaw.

References

Jadwiniew


Józefin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Kielczykowizna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Kielczykowizna


Kolno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Poświętne,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Kolno


Krubki-Górki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Laskowizna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Małków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Międzyleś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Międzypole  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Nadbiel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Poświętne (the gmina seat),  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Nadbiel


Nowe Ręczaje  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Nowy Cygów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Ostrowik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Poświętne  is a village in Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Poświętne. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw. It became a gmina in place of Cygów gmina and parish with its council, at the very end of the XIXth c., after the manor of Cygów was demolished and the estate auctioned off during Russian rule.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Ręczaje Polskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Rojków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Trzcinka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wołomin and  east of Warsaw.

References

Trzcinka


Turze may refer to the following places:
Turze, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Turze, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Turze, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
Turze, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Turze, Drawsko County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
Turze, Myślibórz County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
Turze, Pyrzyce County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)


Turze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Poświętne,  east of Wołomin, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Turze


Wola Cygowska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  east of Warsaw.

References

Wola Cygowska


Wola Ręczajska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Wólka Dąbrowicka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Zabraniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poświętne, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wołomin and  east of Warsaw.

References

Zabraniec

Zabraniec


The Northern Main Line () is a  long electrified railway in Sweden, between Gävle or Storvik and Ånge. The railway consists of single track except the parts between Mo grindar and Holmsveden, Kilafors and Bollnäs, and Ramsjö and Ovansjö, a total of  double track.

The railway passes Gävle or Storvik, Ockelbo, Ljusdal and Ånge.

External links
 Trafikverket page on Norra stambanan

Railway lines in Sweden
Rail transport in Gävleborg County
Rail transport in Västernorrland County
1881 establishments in Sweden
Railway lines opened in 1881


Arciechów is a village in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. It is located in the Wołomin County and is part of the Radzymin gmina.

The village is a recreational area located on the shore of the Zegrze Reservoir (5 km of coastline), situated 17 km from the boundaries of Warsaw, 10 km from Nieporęt and 13 km from the center of Radzymin. The entire village is within the boundaries of the Warsaw Landscape Protected Area.

A private noble village named Arciechowo was located in the second half of the 16th century in the Kamieńczyk County of the Mazovian Voivodeship. From 1975 to 1998, the village was part of the Warsaw Voivodeship.

Until 1992, the village of Arciechów was part of the parish of Serock. For several decades in the 20th century, a permanent ferry crossing operated from Arciechów to Serock across the Narew River. In 2019, after a long break, a holiday catamaran ferry service was launched on the same route. They take place every weekend of the holiday season and are very popular among tourists.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Borki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north of Warsaw.

References

Borki


Cegielnia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Ciemne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Ciemne


Dybów-Folwark  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Dybów-Górki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Dybów-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Emilianów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Łąki () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Łosie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Mokre  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Mokre


Nadma  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Radzymin,  west of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Nadma


Nowe Załubice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Nowy Janków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Opole  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north of Warsaw.

References

Opole


Popielarze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Ruda  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Rżyska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Sieraków () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Hélène Mambu-ma-Disu (born February 28, 1948) is a Congolese public health expert, physician, pediatrician and United Nations diplomat. She served as a Regional Adviser for the African regional office of the United Nations' World Health Organization, and later went on to serve for 18 years as a World Health Organization Resident Representative in several countries in the region, before retiring in 2008. She is currently Senior Program Officer for the Sustainable Immunization Financing Program of the Sabin Vaccine Institute, for whom she coordinates field activities in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, and Madagascar.

Early career and education
Born in Bas-Congo, Belgian Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Helene Mambu received her Bachelor of Science degree in bio-chemistry in 1972 from Western College (now part of Miami University) in Oxford, Ohio, and went on to pursue and earn a medical degree in 1976, from Howard University in Washington, DC. After specializing in pediatrics at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in New York City, and earning a Master of Public Health and Tropical Medicine from Tulane University, she decided to go back to work in the Congo (then the Republic of Zaire).

Mambu joined the Department of Health of Zaire in 1981, as the countrywide deputy-director of the joint division for combating child communicable diseases (CCCD), and the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The massive division oversaw the implementation of the country's health policy in matters ranging from immunization, to malaria, diarrhea diseases, epidemiology, and HIV. Mambu went on to become the countrywide director of the division in 1983, a position she kept until her departure for the World health Organization in 1988. During those six years at the helm of the massive EPI/CCCD division, Mambu and her team helped implement a wide range of changes in the country's health system, in terms of its organization, its structure, and its infrastructure, the effects of which are still praised today by health experts.

World Health Organization
In 1988, Mambu joined the World Health Organization as a regional adviser for diarrhea diseases, at the WHO's Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO), Brazzaville, Congo.

In 1990, she became the WHO Resident Representative (WR) to Rwanda, until April 1994 when the Rwandan genocide forced all the expatriate non-UNAMIR members of the United Nations country team to evacuate to safety in Nairobi, Kenya. She continued serving as representative to Rwanda until August 1994 from Nairobi.

Mambu was later appointed WHO Resident Representative to Mali, where she served from 1995 to 2001, and then to Cameroon, where she served from 2001 until her retirement in February 2008.

As it is the case for many United Nations international civil servants, throughout her career, Mambu was called upon around the world, by several organizations, like the GAVI Alliance, as a WHO expert on wide-ranging health and wellness matters, as well as a diplomat.

Awards and recognition
 Unsung Vaccine Hero of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (USA, 2013)
 Officer of the Order of Valour of Cameroon (Cameroon, 2008)
 Western College Service Award (USA, 2007)
 Commandant de l’Ordre National du Mali (Mali, 2001)
 Hildrus Pointdexter Award (USA, 1976)
 Member of the Honors Society of Western College (USA, 1969–1972)

See also
 GAVI Alliance
 Jean Marie Okwo Bele
 Sabin Vaccine Institute

References

Democratic Republic of the Congo public health doctors
World Health Organization officials
1948 births
Living people
People from Kongo Central
Western College for Women alumni
Recipients of the Order of Valour
Commanders of the National Order of Mali
Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine alumni
Howard University alumni
Democratic Republic of the Congo officials of the United Nations
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people


Słupno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Radzymin,  north-west of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Stare Załubice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Stary Dybów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Stary Janków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Wiktorów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Zawady  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Zwierzyniec () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzymin, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzymin,  north of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Annopol  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Borucza  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Borucza


Grabszczyzna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Grabszczyzna


Jadwisin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Józefów () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Kąty Czernickie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Kąty-Miąski  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Kąty-Wielgi  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Krawcowizna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Krawcowizna


Macquarie Technology Group Limited (ASX: MAQ) (Previously called Macquarie Telecom Group) is an Australian cloud, data centre, government cyber security and telecom company, with offices in Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra, Brisbane and Perth. It owns and operates five data centers in Sydney and Canberra.

Macquarie Telecom was founded in July 1992 shortly after telecommunications deregulation in Australia. The company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) in 1999.

Macquarie Technology Group - the business units
On 28 July 2016, Macquarie Technology Group was announced with three distinct businesses – Macquarie Telecom, Macquarie Cloud Services and Macquarie Government. In 2018, it announced a fourth business unit, Macquarie Data Centres.

 Macquarie Telecom is a full service business provider of data, voice, mobile and colocation services.
 Macquarie Cloud Services provide cloud hosting services, including hybrid cloud, VMware cloud, virtual data centres, private cloud, dedicated servers, dedicated hosting, object storage and PCI compliant cloud
 Macquarie Government provides services to Federal and State Government agencies, including secure cloud, secure internet gateway, colocation and cybersecurity services
 Macquarie Data Centres manages five data centres and an expansion plan to build Intellicentre 3 Super West was announced in 2021.

Data Centre and Hosting

Macquarie Technology Group runs five data centers as part of its business selling managed services and managed hosting. The data centres are located in Sydney and Canberra and are branded by Macquarie Data Centres as "Intellicentre".  Its second Sydney Data Center, Intellicentre 2, was opened September 2012, and it has Intellicentre 4 and 5 in Canberra.

In August 2021, Macquarie Technology Group's full portfolio of data centres achieved The Australian Federal Government's Certified Strategic designation under the Digital Transformation Agency's (DTA) Hosting Certification Framework.

Announcements
 In August 2017, Macquarie Telecom started a SD-WAN service, partnering with VMware. According to the company, it is Australia's first SD-WAN service that is capable of supporting multiple carriers.
 In June 2018, Macquarie Technology Group signed deal with NBN Co worth more than 100 million. As part of the deal, Macquarie Telecom will start "Business-class NBN by Macquarie Telecom" which consists of a full suite of voice, internet, data and SD-WAN products that will be available to businesses across the country for new and existing customers
 In August 2019, Macquarie Technology Group announced signing of a deal with Apple Inc through which Macquarie Technology Group will resell Apple devices along with "bespoke” and off-the-shelf iOS apps for mid-market businesses.
In November 2019, The Australian Tax Office signs Macquarie Technology Group for Secure Internet Gateway
In October 2020, Macquarie Technology Group was awarded World's Best Customer Experience at the World Communications Awards, CEO David Tudehope was also awarded CEO of the Year
In November 2020, at the annual GloTel (Global Telecoms) awards, Macquarie Cloud Services won Managed Services Innovation of the Year for Azure Managed
In February 2021, Macquarie Telecom debuted it's SD-LAN service
In July 2021, Macquarie Technology Group announced plans to build a new data centre called Intellicentre 3 Super West at its Macquarie Park Data Centre Campus
In June 2023, Macquarie Technology Group announced their plans to re-brand from Macquarie Telecom Group to Macquarie Technology Group, to better encompass the groups focus and future in the technology space.

Clients
Some clients and partners of Macquarie Technology Group include: Dell, Cisco, VMware, Fortinet, Red Hat, Zerto, Virtustream, Google, Accenture, Marketo, News Corp, Westpac, BMC, Symantec, Vision Australia, Hall and Prior, Parliament of Australia, Federal Court of Australia, Western Sydney Airport, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Victoria State Government, Tourism Australia, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Australian Prudential Regulation Authority,

References

Telecommunications companies of Australia
Companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Companies based in Sydney
Telecommunications companies established in 1992


Księżyki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Marysin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Młynisko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It was visited by Lech Walesa in 1990 to honor its role in supporting trade unions.

See also
Młynisko, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Młynisko, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
Młynisko, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Osęka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Piaski () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Strachówka,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Równe  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Rozalin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Ruda-Czernik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Ruda-Czernik


Strachówka  is a village in Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Strachówka. It lies approximately  east of Wołomin and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Szamocin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Szamocin


Szlędaki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Wiktoria may refer to:

Places
Wiktoria, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland

People with the given name
Wiktoria Johansson (born 1996), or simply Wiktoria, Swedish singer
Wiktoria Goryńska (1902 – 1945), Polish painter and graphic artist
Wiktoria Kiszkis (born 2003), Polish footballer
Wiktoria Pikulik (born 1998), Polish professional racing cyclist
Wiktoria Elżbieta Potocka (died c. 1670), Polish noble lady
Wiktoria Śliwowska (1931–2021), Polish historian
Wiktoria Ulma, rescuer of Polish Jewish families during the Holocaust

See also
Victoria (name)


Wiktoria  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Wiktoria


Zofinin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strachówka, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Strachówka,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Zofinin


The Southern Main Line () is a  long standard gauge electrified railway between Malmö and Katrineholm in Sweden. The trains continue further on to Stockholm Central Station along the Western Main Line and terminate there (at platforms 16–19). The line also connects to other lines, most notably in Malmö the Öresund line to Copenhagen, and in Lund to the West Coast Line towards Gothenburg.

History
The first parts of the line opened in 1856 between Malmö and Lund, and the last parts in 1874. An unusual route was chosen as the line passed far from many of the bigger towns at the time, such as Hörby and Kristianstad. This was an attempt to "colonize" the countryside and populate it. Another strategic choice was to put it far from the coast to minimize vulnerability to military attacks. A number of new towns sprung up or grew as the line brought access to the area, such as Eslöv and Hässleholm.

Initially the route Katrineholm–Nässjö was called Eastern Main Line, whereas the original definition of Southern Main Line was kept and thus reserved for Malmö–Nässjö–Falköping.  Not until 1990, the newly founded railway authority Banverket changed the official definition according to modern use.  (Nässjö–Falköping became known as Jönköping Line.)

Present
The line entirely consists of at least double track, with four tracks on the section Malmö–Arlöv. Today high-speed X 2000 trains travel at  for large parts of the way.

Stations
This is a list of stations along the line where the long-distance trains stop:

 Katrineholm
 Norrköping
 Linköping
 Mjölby
 Nässjö
 Alvesta
 Hässleholm
 Lund
 Malmö

Here is a list of all the stations along the line:

 Katrineholm
 Norrköping
 Kimstad
 Linghem
 Linköping
 Mantorp
 Mjölby
 Tranås
 Aneby
 Nässjö
 Bodafors
 Sävsjö
 Stockaryd
 Lammhult
 Moheda
 Alvesta
 Vislanda
 Diö
 Älmhult
 Killeberg
 Osby
 Ballingslöv
 Hässleholm
 Sösdala
 Tjörnarp
 Höör
 Stehag
 Eslöv
 Örtofta
 Stångby
 Lund
 Hjärup
 Åkarp
 Burlöv
 Malmö

Future
As of 2018, the Arlöv–Lund segment is being rebuilt from two to four tracks. The project includes lowering the tracks through Åkarp and Hjärup for a total of  in order to decrease noise pollution, as well as an expansion of Burlöv station allowing it to accommodate Øresundståg, and a new station in  in the south of Lund. Construction on a section between Arlöv and  south of Lund began in 2017, while Flackarp–Lund is still under planning. The entire project is expected to be completed in 2024.

Around year 2020–2030 a new high-speed line for 300 or 320 km/h is planned to be opened between Linköping and Södertälje. It is called Ostlänken and will cut travel time by 40 minutes. There are also plans to increase the permitted speed to  between Nässjö and Hässleholm around 2020. Both plans are delayed until further notice by the government, both for cost reasons, and awaiting the political discussion of how to improve the railway network.

References

External links
 Trafikverket page on the Southern Main Line
 Järnväg.net page on Southern Main Line

Railway lines opened in 1856
1856 establishments in Sweden
Rail transport in Östergötland County
Rail transport in Kronoberg County
Railway lines in Skåne County
Railway lines in the Øresund Region


Białki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Swapan Saha () (born 10 January 1930 in Ajmer, Rajasthan, British India) is an Indian (Bengali) film director, producer, story writer and score composer.

Filmography

 Bedenir Prem (1992)
 Maan Samman (1993)
 Biswas Abiswas (1994)
 Danga (1994)
 Sujan Sakhi (1995)
 Naginkanya (1995)
 Bhai Amar Bhai (1996)
 Jhinukmala (1996)
 Sakhi Tumi Kar (1996)
 Abujh Mon (1996)
 Adarer Bon (1997)
 Kamalar Banabas (1997)
 Bakul Priya (1997)
 Mayer Dibyi (1997)
 Tomake Chai (1997)
 Pita Mata Santan (1997)
 Nishpap Asami (1997)
 Sabar Upare Maa (1997)
 Mayar Badhan (1997)
 Matir Manush (1997)
 Praner Cheye Priyo (1998)
 Nayaner Alo (1998)
 Nag Nagini (1998)
 Gharer Lakshmi (1998)
 Baba Keno Chakar (1998)
 Sundari (1998)
 Shimul Parul (1998)
 Swamir Adesh (1998)
 Tomay Pabo Bole (1999)
 Swamir Ghar (1999)
 Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1999)
 Santan Jakhan Satru (1999)
 Manush Kano Beiman (1999)
 Madhu Malati (1999)
 Kanchanmala (1999)
 Satbhai (2000)
 Gariber Samman (2000)
 Ei Ghar Ei Sansar (2000)
 Bhalobasi Tomake (2000)
 Jabab Chai (2001)
 Guru Shisya (2001)
 Streer Maryada (2002)
 Shatrur Mokabila (2002)
 Kurukshetra (2002)
 Sukh Dukkher Sansar (2003)
 Sneher Protidan (2003)
 Sabuj Saathi (2003)
 Kartabya (2003)
 Guru (2003 film) (2003)
 Tyag (2004)
 Sajani (2004)
 Coolie (2004)
 Annaye Atyachar (2004)
 Agni (2004)
 Rajmohal (2005)
 Debi (2005)
 Agnishapath (2006)
 Swarthopar (2006)
 Shakal Sandhya (2006) - Remake of Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen
 MLA Fatakeshto (2006)
 Hero (2006) - Remake of Appu
 Hangama (2006)
 Ghatak (2006) - Remake of Dhool
 Abhimanyu (2006)
 Tiger (2007) - Remake of Ramanaa
 Minister Fatakeshto (2007) - Remake of Mudhalvan
 Greptar (2007)
 Takkar (2008)
 Jor (2008) - Remake of Okkadu
 Janmadata (2008)
 Golmaal (2008) - Remake of Thenkasipattanam
 Aamar Pratigya (2008)
 Rajkumar (Unreleased) (2008)
 Achena Prem (2011) - Remake of Mussanjemaatu
 Shrestha Bangali  (2017)

Producer

 Manush Kano Beiman (1999)

References

External links

www.upperstall.com
www.citwf.com

1930 births
Living people
Bengali film directors
People from Ajmer
Film directors from Rajasthan
20th-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Film producers from Rajasthan
Film producers from West Bengal
Film directors from Kolkata


is a locality (a ) in Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, defined as the part of town north of the Ebisubashi bridge on the Namerigawa. The part of town south of the same bridge is called .

Notes

References

Kamakura, Kanagawa


Brzezinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Chrzęsne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Dzięcioły  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Franciszków () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Grabów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Jadwinin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Jadwinin


Jarzębia Łąka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Jasienica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

Description

The village is situated on the Cienka river. There are: the railway station (Jasienica Mazowiecka), primary school, middle school, kindergarten, public library, fire brigade, church and park (a remnant of the farm) in the village. There are three railway bridges, four road bridges (including one on the regional road), footbridges and fords on the Cienka river.

Regional road No. 634 runs through the village.

Two railway lines cross seamlessly (viaduct of a single-track line) in the village:
- double-track line Zielonka - Kuźnica Białystocka,
- single-track line Krusze - Pilawa with a branch line Jasienica Mazowiecka - Tłuszcz

History
The history of Jasienica dates back at least to the beginning of the 15th century i.e. to the time of colonization of Mazovia (Jasienica belonged to the Warsaw County and to the Warsaw Land of the Duchy of Masovia, while Tłuszcz to the Kamieniec County of the Nur Land. There are documents from this period which concern sales of Jasienica or its parts e.g. from years: 1414, 1414/1415, 1418 etc. Jasienica is mentioned there as: "Jassenicza", "Jassyenyecz", "Jassyenicza", "Jaszenicza", "Jaszenecz", "Jasiennica", "Jasszenicza", "Jassyeniecz", "Jaschenyecz", "Jasyenyecz", "Jassenycza"," Jaschyenycze", "Jasyenycza", "Yasszyennycza".

At the beginning of the 15th century, Knight Świętosław from Pruszków (from the Pierzchała family) received - in recognition of his contribution to the Mazovian Ducal Court - areas covering Jasienica. Around 1470, after the death of Świętosław, Jasienica was inherited by one of his sons - probably - Andrew, who having settled in this area took the name Klembowski (also Kłębowski) after - Klembów, the village which also became his property.

After the incorporation of Mazovia into the Polish Crown in 1526, Jasienica was in the Mazovian Voivodeship, the Warsaw County and in the Warsaw Land.

Jasienica was the village of impoverished noblemen. It was owned later by Stanisław Klembowski, Stanisław and Piotr Czosnowski, Dominik Sobolewski.

Notable residents and natives
 Wojciech Lemański (born 1960), a suspended Roman Catholic priest

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Jaźwie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Kozły  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Kury  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Kury


Łysobyki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Mokra Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Galaganath is a small village located near Haveri, in the Haveri District, Karnataka. Located here is the famous Galageshwar Shiva Temple built during the rule of the Western Chalukyas. This large temple faces east and is situated along the Tungabhadra River. The rivers Tunga and Varada join at Galaganath.

History

Galaganath was formerly known as Palluni. The Galageshwar temple, an example of the Chalukya style of architecture, was built here around the 11th century. Sri Venkatesh Galaganath (Kadambari Pitamaha) worshiped at the Galageshwar temple, and he wrote his novels on the temple premises.

Galageshwar temple

The temple faces to east and it is situated along the Tungabhadra river. the temple consists of a huge Shiva Linga in a closed hall; it is called Sparsha linga. The temple has an unusual pyramidal basement and a large open hall. The Gopura (tower) is decorated with plain architectural elements while the wall panels of the back of the hall have some fine decorations. The interior has numerous niches containing figural sculpture including Ganesha.

Inscriptions
A large inscription slab in the open hall of Galageshwar temple dates from 1080 AD and records a grant to the God Galageshwar. The date gives an indication of the era when the temple was built.

The inscription here informs about the prevalence of the tradition of dance and music. The high state of development which the art of music had reached in the 11th century A.D. can be gathered from an inscription of Chalukya king Vikramaditya from Galaganath, Haveri Taluk and Haveri District, North Karnataka, which mentions a certain Mokhari Barmmayya, a musician of high order, titled Battisaraga-bahu-kala-Brahma meaning skilled in 32 ragas.

Also visit
 North Karnataka
 Tourism in North Karnataka
 Ranebennur
 Haveri
 Chaudayyadanapur
 Mylar Lingeshwar Temple at Mylar
 Hangal
 Bankapur
 Kaginele

References

Villages in Haveri district
Hindu temples in Haveri district
Chalukya dynasty
Western Chalukya Empire


Pawłów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Macular telangiectasia is a condition of the retina, the light-sensing tissue at the back of the eye that causes gradual deterioration of central vision, interfering with tasks such as reading and driving.

Type 1, a very rare disease involving microaneurysms in the retina, typically affects a single eye in male patients, and it may be associated with Coats' disease.

Type 2 (referred to as MacTel) is the most common macular telangiectasia. It is categorized as "macular perifoveal telangiectasia", a neurodegenerative metabolic disorder, correlated with diabetes and coronary artery disease. It generally affects both eyes and usually affects both sexes equally.

Type 3 is an extremely rare, poorly understood neurological disease of the retina. It is characterized by occlusion and telangiectasia of the capillaries of the fovea in one or both eyes, as well as some exudation.

Early research

Although J. D. Gass originally identified four types of idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis in 1982, contemporary researchers describe three types collectively known as idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia: macular telangiectasia type 1, macular telangiectasia type 2, and macular telangiectasia type 3.

Both macular telangiectasia and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) lead to photoreceptor atrophy and loss of central vision. The two diseases may be distinguished by symptoms, clinical features, and pathogenesis.

The natural history of macular telangiectasia suggests a slowly progressive disorder. A retrospective series of 20 patients over 10 to 21 years showed deterioration of vision in more than 84% of eyes, either due to intra-retinal edema and serous retinal detachment (Type 1) or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) scar formation or neovascularization (Type 2).

Type 1

Type 1 idiopathic macular telangiectasia patients are typically males, 40 years old or older.

Pathophysiology
Type 1 may be defined as an acquired capillary ectasia (a focal expansion or outpouching) and dilation in the parafoveal region, leading to vascular incompetence. Telangiectatic vessels develop micro-aneurysms that leak fluid, blood, and occasionally, lipid. Macular telangiectasia type 1 has been called as a variant of Coats' disease.

Treatment
Treatment options for Type 1 include laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injections of steroids, or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Photocoagulation was recommended by Gass and remains to date the mainstay of treatment. It seems to be successful in causing resolution of exudation and VA improvement or stabilization in selected patients. Photocoagulation should be used sparingly to reduce the chance of producing a symptomatic paracentral scotoma and metamorphopsia. Small burns (100–200 μm) of moderate intensity in a grid-pattern and on multiple occasions, if necessary, are recommended. It is unnecessary to destroy every dilated capillary, and, particularly during the initial session of photocoagulation, those on the edge of the capillary-free zone should be avoided.

Intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) which have proved to be beneficial in the treatment of macular edema by their anti-inflammatory effect, their downregulation of VEGF production, and stabilization of the blood retinal barrier, were reported anecdotally in the management of Macular telangiectasia type 1. In two case reports, IVTA of 4 mg allowed a transitory reduction of retinal edema, with variable or no increase in visual acuity (VA). As expected with all IVTA injections, the edema recurred within 3–6 months, and no permanent improvement could be shown. In general, the effect of IVTA is short-lived and complications, mainly increased intraocular pressure and cataract, limit its use.

Indocyanine green angiography-guided laser photocoagulation directed at the leaky microaneurysms and vessels combined with sub-Tenon’s capsule injection of triamcinolone acetonide has also been reported in a limited number of patients with Macular telangiectasia type 1 with improvement or stabilization of vision after a mean follow-up of 10 months. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this treatment modality.

Recently, intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents, namely bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeted against pro-angiogenic, circulatory VEGF; and ranibizumab, a FDA-approved monoclonal antibody fragment that targets all VEGF-A isoforms, have shown improved visual outcome and reduced leakage in macular edema from diabetes and retinal venous occlusions. In one reported patient with Macular telangiectasia type 1, a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection resulted in a marked increase in VA from 20/50 to 20/20, with significant and sustained decrease in both leakage on fluorescein angiography (FA) and cystoid macular edema on optical coherence tomography (OCT) up to 12 months. It is likely that patients with Macular telangiectasia type 1 with pronounced macular edema from leaky telangiectasis may benefit functionally and morphologically from intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, but this warrants further studies.

Today, laser photocoagulation remains mostly effective, but the optimal treatment of Macular telangiectasia type 1 is questioned, and larger series comparing different treatment modalities seem warranted. The rarity of the disease, however, makes it difficult to assess in a controlled randomized manner. A 2014 case study of a single type 1 macular telangiectasia patient concluded Bevacizumab was not effective, but Aflibercept produced beneficial results.

Type 2 (MacTel)
Contemporary research has shown that MacTel is likely a neurodegenerative metabolic disease. MacTel is correlated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Although MacTel has been previously regarded as a rare disease, it is in fact probably much more common than previously thought. The subtleness of early symptoms of MacTel may cause mis-diagnosis by optometrists and general ophthalmologists.

Terminology
MacTel may also be referred to by various names, including (idiopathic) juxtafoveolar telangiectasia, or parafoveal telangiectasis, depending on the source. All refer to the same disease.

Signs and symptoms
Typical patients present with a mean age of 55–59 years, and a wide range of symptoms from totally asymptomatic to substantially impaired; in most cases however, patients retain functional acuity of 20/200 or better. Metamorphopsia (visual distortions) may be a subjective complaint. Due to the development of paracentral scotoma (blind spots), impaired reading ability may be the first symptom of the disease.

Diagnosis
Type 2 MacTel commonly occurs in both eyes, and occurs equally in males and females.

Histopathology studies have shown a loss of Müller glia markers in the clinically altered area.

Diagnosis of MacTel type 2 may be aided by the use of advanced imaging techniques such as fluorescein angiography (which may identify an abnormal capillary pattern), fundus autofluorescence, and OCT. These can help to identify the abnormal vessels, pigment plaques, retinal crystals, foveal atrophy and intraretinal cavities associated with this disorder.

Areas of focal RPE hyperplasia (pigment plaques) often develop in the paramacular region as a response to these abnormal vessels. Other signs of macular telangiectasia type 2 include right angle venules, representing an unusual alteration of the vasculature in the paramacular area, with vessels taking an abrupt turn toward the macula as if being dragged.

Fluorescein angiography (FA) is helpful in identifying the anomalous vasculature, particularly in the early stages of Type 2 disease. Formerly, FA was essential in making a definitive diagnosis. However, the diagnosis can be established with less invasive imaging techniques such as Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence. Some clinicians argue that FA testing may be unnecessary when a diagnosis is apparent via less invasive means.

Macular telangiectasia type 2 is commonly under-diagnosed. The findings may appear very similar to diabetic retinopathy, and many cases have been incorrectly ascribed to diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. Recognition of this condition can save an affected patient from unnecessarily undergoing extensive medical testing and/or treatment. MacTel should be considered in cases of mild paramacular dot and blot hemorrhages and in cases of macular and paramacular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) hyperplasia where no other cause can be identified.

Causes
In September 2019, researchers announced, "a combination of genetics, metabolism and biochemistry drives a disease such as MacTel".

Treatment
The most crucial aspect of treating macular telangiectasia is recognition of the clinical signs. This condition is relatively uncommon: hence, many practitioners may not be familiar with or experienced in diagnosing the disorder. MacTel must be part of the differential in any case of idiopathic paramacular hemorrhage, vasculopathy, macular edema or focal pigment hypertrophy, especially in those patients without a history of retinopathy or contributory systemic disease.

Treatment options are limited. Laser therapy may actually enhance vessel ectasia and promote intraretinal fibrosis in these individuals.

Monthly injections of VEGF inhibitors have not proven to be effective in non-proliferative MacTel type 2. Ranibizumab (Lucentis) or bevacizumab (Avastin) may reduce vascular leakage, but neural atrophy may still occur in treated eyes. In proliferative stages (neovascularisation), treatment with Anti-VEGF can be helpful.

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is believed to have neuroprotective properties and could thus be able to slow down the progression of MacTel type 2. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, a novel CNTF implant "is a semipermeable fiber membrane filled with human retinal pigment epithelium cells that secrete ciliary neurotrophic factor". During Phase 2 testing, the implant device was "shown to slow the progression of retinal degeneration compared with participants who received the sham treatment. Based on the positive Phase 2 results, two parallel Phase 3 studies were initiated... enrolling patients in the United States, Australia, and Europe to determine the safety and efficacy... for the treatment of MacTel". In February 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted "Fast Track" designation for  approval of the device to treat macular telangiectasia type 2.

Type 3
"Idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 3 is a rare, acquired, eye disease characterized by progressive visual loss, due to bilateral juxtafoveolar capillary occlusions, capillary telangiectasia, and minimal exudation. It is associated with systemic or cerebral vascular occlusive disease."

Terminology
Type 3 macular telangiectasia is also called "occlusive idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis".

References

Further reading

External links

  (video, 58:08 minutes)

Eye diseases
Disorders of choroid and retina
Visual disturbances and blindness


Postoliska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Postoliska


Rudniki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Rysie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Stasinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Stryjki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stryjki


HMS Braak was an 18-gun brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She was launched at Rotterdam in 1781 and initially served with the Dutch Republic. The British seized her, in Britain, after the Dutch entry into the French Revolutionary Wars, and took her into the Royal Navy. She served briefly with the British before capsizing off the North American coast. She was subsequently the focus of a number of salvage efforts.

Dutch career
The cutter De Braak was launched as a "botter", or vessel of the 8th Charter. Sources also give her name as Baak, or Brak. She was part of a Mediterranean fleet based at the French port of Toulon.

By the 1790s Braak was in the Caribbean, and was present at the defence against the French of Willemstad, part of the Dutch colony at Curaçao, in 1793. By late 1794 she was ordered to escort a convoy of East Indiamen to Batavia in the Netherlands East Indies. En route she called at the English port of Falmouth, unaware that the French had since invaded the Netherlands and proclaimed the Batavian Republic as a client state, compelling the Dutch to declare war on the British. On the arrival of the convoy at falmouth, the Royal Navy seized the 26 merchantmen and six warships of the convoy, including De Braak. A boarding party from the sloop-of-war  took over De Braak. Forty-six Royal Navy vessels that were at Plymouth shared in the prize money.

British career
The Royal Navy took De Braak into service as HMS Braak and re-rigged her as a brig-sloop. She was initially commissioned under Commander James Drew on 13 June 1797. A storm at the end of the year dismasted her. On the completion of repairs, she returned to service in February 1798 and was assigned to escort a convoy to the Virginia Capes. She sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia, on 17 March 1798. On 2 April, whilst off the Azores, she became separated from the rest of the ships. Towards the end of the month she fell in with and captured the Spanish ship Dom Francisco Xavier, which was carrying a cargo of copper, cocoa, and other goods and reportedly was worth some £160,000 in prize money.

Braak arrived in company with Dom Francisco Xavier in Delaware Bay on 25 May 1798, and took on a pilot, Andrew Allen, from Cape Henlopen in Delaware. In an exuberant mood because of the capture of the nearby Dom Francisco Xavier, Drew went below to fetch an alcoholic beverage with which he and Allen could toast his success. While he was below, Allen noticed dark clouds approaching and, concerned that a spring thunderstorm was about to strike, ordered Braak′s sails taken in. When Drew returned to the deck, he admonished Allen for ordering the sails to be taken in, telling him "You look out for the bottom, and I′ll look out for the spars." Drew ordered the crew to unfurl the sails, and shortly after they did a strong and sudden squall blew up as Allen had feared, filling the sails. Before the crew could take action, Braak listed heavily to one side, allowing water to pour into the ship's hold through open hatches. Within a few moments, Braak capsized, drowning Drew and 35 of his crew, as well as their 12 Spanish prisoners. Allen swam free of the sinking ship and was saved.

Salvage and controversy
With the wreck lying on the bottom of Delaware Bay, rumours soon began to circulate concerning the amount of treasure Braak purportedly carried when she sank, with estimates of the value reaching $500 million. A number of artifacts were raised during the 1980s, but maritime archaeologists criticised these efforts for their disregard for proper archaeological methods, and for their discarding of anything not considered inherently valuable. In 1986, Braak′s hull was raised, but in such a way that considerable damage was done to both it and the surrounding area of archaeological interest. The hull was eventually placed in a museum, as were many of the artifacts recovered, including items such as decanters, bottles, and glasses. Only a small amount of coin was recovered, worth considerably less than the cost of the large number of salvage attempts that had been undertaken over the years. The treatment of the wreck of Braak, and of many others like it, was a contributing factor to the passage of the Abandoned Shipwrecks Act of 1987.

Notes

References

 Morgan, Michael, "De Braak Captain′s Last Drink Ends in Disaster," Delaware Wave, 12 June 2018.

 Rotterdams jaarboekje (1900). Historisch Genootschap Roterodamum. (W. L. & J. Brusse).
 van Maanen, Ron, Preliminary list of Dutch naval vessel built or required in the period 1700-1799. Unpublished manuscript.

External links
 Details of an unsuccessful salvage attempt in the 1880s
 HMS DeBraak
 HMS De Braak 1984 salvage

Ships built in Rotterdam
Captured ships
Brig-sloops of the Royal Navy
Shipwrecks of the Delaware coast
Maritime incidents in 1798
1781 ships


Szczepanek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Tłuszcz,  east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Szczepanek


Szymanówek () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


Wagan  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Wagan


Waganka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Waganka


Wólka Kozłowska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Tłuszcz,  north-east of Wołomin, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wołomin County
Warsaw Governorate
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Zalesie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuszcz, within Wołomin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wołomin County


is a locality (a ) in Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, defined as the part of town south of the Ebisubashi bridge on the Namerigawa. The part of town north of the same bridge is called .

Notes

References

Kamakura, Kanagawa


Deskurów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Drogoszewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Drogoszewo


Fidest  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Fidest


Gulczewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Kamieńczyk () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

Kamienczyk, which was also called Kamieniec Mazowiecki, is located 5 kilometers east of Wyszkow. This former town has a long history: in 1377 - 1795, it was the seat of a separate castellany (later a county), which belonged to Land of Nur, part of Mazovia. The castellany of Kamienczyk/Kamieniec was established in 1377 in Sochaczew, during a meeting of dukes of the Duchy of Mazovia.

In 1452, Kamieniec received Magdeburg rights, together with a number of privileges. In 1526, together with whole Mazovia, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland, and was one of main administrative centers of eastern part of Masovian Voivodeship. In 1565, Kamieniec had a defensive castle, a town hall, a cloth hall, three churches, royal court, a monastery and 189 houses. The town was completely destroyed during the Swedish invasion of Poland (1655 - 1660), and never regained its prominence. In 1869 Kamienczyk lost its town charter. The village suffered during World War II, as it was twice destroyed (1939, 1944).

References

External links
 Jewish Community in Kamieńczyk on Virtual Shtetl

Villages in Wyszków County


Kręgi Nowe  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Leszczydół Działki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Leszczydół Stary  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Leszczydół-Nowiny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Leszczydół-Podwielątki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Leszczydół-Pustki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Łosinno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Lucynów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Lucynów Duży  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Natalin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Olszanka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


The Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI,  ), referring to either a person or the agency they lead, is tasked with supervising data protection as well as acting in an ombudsman function in freedom of information. The latter was introduced with the German Freedom of Information Act on 1 January 2006. In 2016, it became an independent federal agency in accordance with EU regulations.

Organization
Before the commencement of the German Freedom of Information Act, the title was "Federal Commissioner for Data Protection (BfD)".

The German Federal Government nominates him and the German Bundestag elects him. During his time in office, he receives remuneration in the amount commensurate with a federal official in salary group B 11. In this regard, his status is that of a public law official, but not however, that of a civil servant. The term of office is five years. He can be reelected once.

The Federal Commissioner's budget is accounted for in its own budgetary section. The necessary personnel and facilities are to be made available to him pursuant to legal regulations. Given his independent status positions at the Federal Commissioner are filled by himself exclusively.

Responsibilities
The Federal Commissioner is the German Federal supervisory authority in the meaning of Art. 51 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). According to Art. 52 GDPR the Federal Commissioner is a completely independent supervisory authority. His tasks and powers are mainly based on Art. 57 and 58 GDPR and the Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz). His legal position and the procedure of his establishment are subject to the provisions of the Federal Data Protection Act. His competence is limited to supervision of the entire public sector at federal level and of telecommunications and postal services providers. The public sector of the Laender as well as the remaining private sector is supervised by the Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Laender. The Federal Commissioner publishes an annual activity report (Art. 59 GDPR).

A right to refuse to give evidence is available to the Federal Commissioner in regard to persons and facts with which comes into contact in his capacity as Federal Commissioner (FDPA sec 13, para 5). He is also authorized to decide about his employees' refusal to give evidence.

List of commissioners

 Hans Peter Bull (14 February 1978 to 16 May 1983)
 Reinhold Baumann (16 May 1983 to 9 June 1988)
 Alfred Einwag (9 June 1988 to 30 June 1993)
 Joachim Jacob (1 July 1993 to 17 December 2003)
 Peter Schaar (17 December 2003 to 16 December 2013)
 Andrea Voßhoff (19 December 2013 to 5 January 2019)
 Ulrich Kelber (7 January 2019 to present)

See also
 Information commissioner

References

External links

Data protection authorities
Federal authorities in Bonn
Federal law enforcement agencies of Germany


Puste Łąki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Rybienko Nowe  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Rybienko Nowe


Rybienko Stare  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Rybienko Stare


Rybno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Sitno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Sitno


Skuszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Skuszew


Ślubów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Świniotop  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Tulewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Tulewo


Tulewo Górne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Tumanek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyszków, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Tumanek


Białebłoto-Kobyla  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Białebłoto-Kurza  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Białebłoto-Nowa Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Białebłoto-Stara Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Brańszczyk  is a village in Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Brańszczyk. It lies approximately  north-east of Wyszków and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

External links
 Jewish Community in Brańszczyk on Virtual Shtetl

Villages in Wyszków County


Budykierz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Budykierz


Dalekie-Tartak  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Dalekie-Tartak


Dudowizna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Dudowizna


Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Braak, the Dutch word for "break-through" (braak) or beagle (brak):

  was an 18-gun brig-sloop seized from the Dutch in 1795 and lost when she capsized in 1798.
 HMS Braak was a 24-gun sixth rate, formerly the Dutch Minerva. She was captured in 1799 and sold at Deptford in 1802. She then became the whaler African, making two voyages for Daniel Bennett.

Citations

Royal Navy ship names


Knurowiec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Knurowiec


Niemiry  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Nowe Budy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Brańszczyk,  east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Nowy Brańszczyk  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Ojcowizna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Ojcowizna


Poręba Średnia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Poręba-Kocęby  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

External links
 Jewish Community in Poręba-Kocęby on Virtual Shtetl

Villages in Wyszków County


Przyjmy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  northeast of Brańszczyk,  northeast of Wyszków, and  northeast of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Stare Budy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Brańszczyk,  east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Trzcianka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Tuchlin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Brańszczyk,  east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Tuchlin


Turzyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Turzyn


Udrzyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Udrzyn


Udrzynek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brańszczyk, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Brańszczyk,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Udrzynek


Adamowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Długosiodło,  north of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Augustowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Długosiodło,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Wyszków County


Blochy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Długosiodło,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Blochy


Budy-Przetycz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Budy-Przetycz


Chorchosy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Długosiodło,  north-east of Wyszków, and  north-east of Warsaw.

References

Chorchosy


Chrzczanka Włościańska () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Długosiodło, within Wyszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Wyszków County