Ma Kelu (born April 8, 1954, Shanghai) is a Chinese painter. He first rose to prominence in the late 1970s and early 1980s as a member of a circle of largely self-taught, underground artists based in Beijing, who worked in direct contravention of the Chinese government's official sponsorship of Socialist Realism. After the crackdown against Avant-garde artists during the Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign in 1986, he began to show his paintings in the galleries of Berlin, New York, Boston, London, and Vancouver. In 2006, Kelu's work was featured in Beijing, curated by internationally renowned Chinese art historian and critic, Gao Minglu.

Life and works
Ma Kelu is an artist who has always avoided the mainstream and has never compromised with it.  Due to an unfortunate occurrence during Kelu's early years, he never received formal painting classes and was unable to afford proper drawing materials. Despite poverty, his family was very supportive and saved every penny to buy Kelu the necessary tools to paint.

Ma Kelu moved to Beijing with his father in 1960 and entered primary school in 1961. In 1968, he entered the Beijing 23 Secondary School and started painting with Chan Fosheng as his teacher. In 1969, he got to know Wei Hai and Zhou Maiyou and together they discussed art. He was sent down to a village in 1970. He returned to Beijing in 1972 and worked in the Chaoyangmennei Restaurant, managed by the Food and Drinks Company of the Eastern District. In 1972-73, he met Zhang Wei, Li Shan, Shi Xixi, Zheng Ziyan, Bao Lean, Wei Hai, and Wang Aihe, and they regularly went out to paint together. In 1974, he worked in the mechanical maintenance group of the Food and Drinks Company. In the same year, he met Zhao Wenliang, Yang Yushu, and Shi Zhenyu, and his painting style was influenced by Wenliang and Yushu. He also participated in an underground art exhibition of what was to become the Wuming (No Name) Painters Group. The exhibition was held at the home of Zhang Wei (room 305, Fusuijing Building, Beijing). He then participated in the first and second public exhibitions of the Wuming Painters Group in Beijing in 1979 and 1981 respectively. He resigned from his work to become a freelance artist in September 1984. In early 1988, he traveled to Germany, Sweden, and Denmark. He settled in New York at the end of October. In 1989, he was offered a scholarship to study art at the Painting and Sculpting School in Maine. In 1989 and 1990, he studied in the Arts Department, at Empire State College, State University of New York. He moved back to Beijing in 2006 and set up a studio in Beigao, the rural part of Beijing. Painting, precisely speaking, is where Ma Kelu's interest lies. He sees himself as a “growing artist,” who holds an open-minded and studious attitude with adaptive and creative abilities.

Kelu enjoys painting because it has brought him an immense amount of joy. Spending time painting brought him comfort, offered him the opportunity to express himself, and allowed him an escape from reality during the time of the Cultural Revolution. Between 1970 and 1972, Kelu was sent to the countryside to do manual labor along with many of his peers. Besides being forced to toil in the fields, he often had to walk two miles to paint, to avoid the suspicious eyes in his village. In the wilderness, landscapes became a major theme of his painting. Returning to Beijing, he gradually became close with a group of other self-taught young painters. These painters, like Kelu, were tired of the dominance of socialist-realist art. They often gather together in parks or the suburbs to paint landscapes. To avoid being noticed and to make their tools more portable, they modified small toolboxes into all-in-one painting kits. As a result, most of their paintings were small, normally about 60 square inches each.

Life in America
In the 1980s, Kelu decided to leave China to see the world and when he left China, his artwork started to change. He began to work on abstract art. Kelu did not paint much outdoors and worked almost exclusively in a studio. Living in a foreign country was not easy. Persisting on his art and his dream of keeping his studios, he made his living by sketching on the streets of New York City. Kelu was not able to find huge success by selling his abstract art and so he relied on some old paintings of his that he had brought along with him during his travel to the States. He made photographic prints and sold them on the streets of New York. First, he found his fortune selling old paintings tough but gradually the situation improved and more and more people started asking Kelu for the originals. However, Kelu rejected any requests for the originals as those paintings were precious memories of the past, the jewels he keeps for himself. Kelu did not want to part ways with his paintings until one day when an elderly American couple insisted on buying his original works. Kelu understood that with his old paintings, he was able to bring about an emotion that was peaceful and calming for his clients. Kelu's works can give viewers hope in times of trouble and turmoil.

In 2006, Kelu moved back to China to provide a better living environment for his son, a young artist, and musician who was suffering from depression. Yet, in 2007, only two weeks after Kelu's father died, his son committed suicide. To overcome the pain and hurt of losing two close family members, Kelu created fierce works including abstract strokes and bright colors, his son's favorite colors.

Exhibitions
Ma Kelu's artwork has been exhibited in Asia, Canada, Europe, and the United States. Solo exhibitions include TRA Gallery, Beijing (2006), Crystal Foundation Art Gallery, New York (2005), Gallery Z, Buffalo, New York (1996), Gallery 456, Soho, New York (1995), China Gallery, Berling (1993), GDCF, Berlin (1988).

Ma Kelu's work has been included in TRA Gallery, Beijing (2007), YQK Deshan Art Space, Beijing (2006-2007), Guangdong Museum, Guangzhou (2006-2007), Shanghai Zhengda Museum of Modern Art, Shanghai (2006-2007), Tshue Chen Gallery, New York (2006), The First Exhibition of the American Research Association of Eastern and Western Arts, New York (2005), Stewart Center Art Gallery, Purdue University, USA (1998), Art Beatus Gallery, Vancouver (1997), The Rotunda Gallery, New York (1997), Nassau St. 116, New York (1997), Michael Goedhuis, London (1996), Lincoln Center, New York (1995), King Gallery, New York (1993), The Artist Museum of Loze, Poland (1992), Z Gallery, New York (1991, 1990), City College Art Gallery, New York (1989), Nilson Gallery, Boston (1988), New House Center for Contemporary Art, New York (1988), Thirty Artist, Beijing (1986), Jian Wai Gong Yu, Beijing (1985), Chao Yang Theater, Beijing (1985), 2nd Exhibition, Beihai Park, Beijing (1981), 1st Exhibition, Beihai Park, Beijing (1979), and Jingshan Park, Beijing (1978).

He has also exhibited in galleries at the 798 Art Zone, and Beijing's Yuan Center.

While he began, like the other members of the No Name Group, to paint in the post-Impressionist style that was outlawed in China during the Cultural Revolution, his later work tends towards minimalism and abstraction. He has also painted a recent series of large-scale landscapes in the classical Chinese style, which is then glazed over with a thick layer of wax to create an ethereal and distorted effect.

Wuming Painting Group

The Wuming Painting Group was an early group of contemporary Chinese artists noted for experimentation with several late-19th and early-20th-century Western styles including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Fauvism. Although their paintings do not appear particularly radical in their treatment of content or form, the very act of painting non-revolutionary subject matter in non-naturalistic styles was not accepted by the establishment at that time. Wuming comes from two generations, diverse class backgrounds, various working positions, and some pre-existing circles of close friends. Figures of the older generation have much in common: all were born before the establishment of the PRC; all came from families defined as “class enemies” by 1950; all took entrance examinations and were rejected by art schools or academies, and all learned art largely by themselves.

Most of the artists in this group made salaries between sixteen and forty yuan per month. They had no studios and little money for paint and canvas. Due to a limited budget, the group used paper from ordinary drawing paper costing twenty-five cents per sheet to thicker watercolor paper costing seventy-five, and they brushed boiled bone glue or gesso paste on it to prepare the surface. The group labored six days a week, eight hours plus two hours of political study per day. The only time they could paint was in the few hours after work and on their one-day off during the week.

A large proportion of their paintings are landscapes made in and out of Beijing, depicting mountains and water, flowers and trees, sunshine, and moonlight. They also painted human figures and still lifes. The Wuming group was exploring humanity, searching for qualities of compassion, empathy, and dignity in images of friends, neighbors, and strangers.

Their catalog includes thirteen volumes, each about a single artist. Paintings within each volume are centered on the Wuming period while stretching throughout the artist's career, thereby allowing the study of both group and individual development.

Members: Ma Kelu, Liu Shi, Shi Zhenyu (Founding Member), Shi Xixi, Tian Shuying, Wang Aihe, Wei Hai, Yang Yushu (Founding Member), Zhang Da'an (Founding Member), Zhao Wenliang (Founding Member), and Zheng Ziyan.

The Wuming Painting Group was active primarily from the mid-1960s to the late 1970s.

On July 7, 1979, the first public exhibition of the Wuming Painting Group opened in Beijing's Beihai Park.

Ma Kelu's involvement
Ma Kelu and his Wuming Group spent a lot of time painting and sketching outdoors because, at the time, there was no such concept as a “studio” for artists to work in. Since a lot of work was created outdoors, Ma Kelu became extremely sensitive to the divisions of day and night and the changing season. When he was young, he completed hundreds of paintings and these works brought him the strength and happiness to resist against the deadening political atmosphere. In the early 1970s, Ma Kelu and Wuming began painting from nature, haunting the streets of Beijing and Diaoyutai.
Many of Ma Kelu's paintings have been paintings of bell towers, drum towers, Shishahai, or the Yinding Bridge because his home was close to these places. And his paintings reveal the noisy life of the city folk.

Between 1975 and 1977, the Wuming group painters often traveled to the seaside at Beidaihe to paint en Plein air, the group's primary medium of creation. Ma Kelu experienced some struggles as he and his groups were working on en Plein air paintings. For one, the seven-hour train ride from Beijing was a luxury for the poor artists. Moreover, Ma Kelu found it difficult to paint the sea. When painting the sea, the clear green water and the blue sky looked like a swimming pool and realistic renditions often looked fake. The conditions were challenging, as the strong offshore wind blew away the clouds and brought a scattering of dirt and sand. This created problems for smooth progress in the creation of his paintings.

Quotes
“Life itself is an incident, perplexing, uncertain and helpless. Facing it is the only option”

Notes

External links
 Art and China's Revolution

1954 births
Living people
Painters from Shanghai


Charles Gordon O'Neill (23 March 1828 – 8 November 1900) was a Scottish-Australasian civil engineer, inventor, parliamentarian and philanthropist, and a co-founder of the St Vincent de Paul Society in Australia and New Zealand.

Biography
He was born in Glasgow, son of John O'Neill, hotel proprietor, and his wife Mary. O'Neill studied civil engineering and mechanics at the University of Glasgow. He worked on the city's public works for 14 years, rising to become chief assistant in the Public Works Office. Although a full-time official he appears to have had permission to undertake private work for the Roman Catholic community, designing churches and schools. He served as a captain in the Third Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, and was active in the Society of St Vincent de Paul, becoming secretary at Dumbarton (1851), president of the Superior Council of Glasgow (1863), and a member of the Council General in Paris. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1864.

In January he became 1864 to the Otago provincial government and later district engineer at Clutha, where he laid out the town of Milton.

Political career

He arrived in Otago in January 1864, where he was a Member of Parliament for the Goldfields electorate in the Otago region (elected on 26 February 1866 during the 1866 general election; dissolution of the 4th New Zealand Parliament on 30 December 1870), and then for the Thames electorate (elected on 9 February 1871 during the 1871 general election; dissolution of the 5th New Zealand Parliament on 6 December 1875).

Philanthropy
O'Neill led the St Vincent de Paul Society in the Western Districts of Scotland between 1859 and 1863. After emigrating to New Zealand, he was active in the Society of St Vincent de Paul and in 1876 founded its first conference to be aggregated in New Zealand in Wellington. At the request of Society's President-General Adolphe Baudon (1819–88), successfully established the Society in New South Wales, Australia, beginning with St Patrick's Church Hill Conference. The Conference celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2006. A second conference was established at St Francis's, Haymarket.

Later life and death
He moved to Australia in 1881, where he practised as an architect and engineer. He died in Sydney at the age of 72, on 8 November 1900.

References

Captain Charles, engineer of charity: the remarkable life of Charles Gordon O'Neill by Stephen Utick (2008, Allen & Unwin, NSW)

1828 births
1900 deaths
Engineers from Glasgow
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand engineers
New Zealand Roman Catholics
Australian Roman Catholics
Scottish emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand people of Irish descent
New Zealand philanthropists
Australian philanthropists
Scottish people of Irish descent
Scottish philanthropists
Scottish civil engineers
Scottish inventors
Scottish Roman Catholics
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Scottish soldiers
Volunteer Force officers
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
19th-century New Zealand politicians
19th-century New Zealand engineers
19th-century British philanthropists
Milton, New Zealand
New Zealand civil engineers


Albert Wells Baird (June 2, 1895 – November 27, 1976) was a Major League Baseball infielder who played parts of the 1917 and 1919 seasons for the New York Giants. Between his playing days he served in the military during World War I. Baird was born in Cleburne, Texas and died in Shreveport, Louisiana. He batted and threw right-handed. He went to college at Centenary College of Louisiana and Louisiana State University.

References

External links

1895 births
1976 deaths
Major League Baseball infielders
Baseball players from Louisiana
New York Giants (NL) players
Rochester Tribe players


CCRG may refer to:

 Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation, Rochester Institute of Technology
 Central Cultural Revolution Group, China
 Charm City Roller Girls, Baltimore, Maryland
 Classic City Roller Girls, Athens, Georgia
 Climate Change Research Group, a division of the Royal Geographical Society
 Cognitive Computing Research Group, University of Memphis


Dardanup is a small town in the South West region of Western Australia. The town is in the fertile Ferguson valley and is near the Ferguson River.

The first European settlement in the area was in 1852 by Thomas Little, who named his property Dardanup Park. The word "Dardanup" is believed to be a variation of the Aboriginal Australian word Dudingup, the meaning of which is unknown.

Construction of the local agricultural hall commenced in 1893 by J. and H. Gibbs, who had submitted the lowest tender. The hall, constructed of jarrah and weatherboard, was opened in 1894 by H. W. Venn.

The population of the area was 118 (81 males and 37 females) in 1898.

Little later gave land to the Catholic Church and a community was soon established in the locale. The government acquired land in the area in the 1920s and the townsite was gazetted in 1923.

James Mitchell was born to a Dardanup farming family in 1866. He was premier of Western Australia 1919–24 and again 1930–33. He was appointed acting governor and then governor of Western Australia, 1933–51, the only person to be both premier and governor of Western Australia.

See also

References

External links

Shire of Dardanup


Elmer Nathan "Al" Corwin (December 3, 1926 – October 23, 2003) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who appeared in Major League Baseball between 1951 and 1955 for the New York Giants. The Newburgh, New York, native stood  tall and weighed . Corwin attended Wallkill Senior High School in Wallkill, Ulster County, New York.

Corwin signed with the Giants in 1948 and 1953 was his only full year in the big leagues. As a Giant, he appeared in 117 games pitched, 22 as a starter. He compiled a won–lost record of 18–10 and an earned run average of 3.98 in 289 innings pitched, allowing 289 hits and 156 bases on balls, with 142 strikeouts and five saves. Corwin made one appearance in the 1951 World Series. In Game 5, in a mop-up relief role, he hurled 1 scoreless innings in a 13–1 victory by the eventual champion New York Yankees.

Corwin retired in 1960 after 13 professional seasons.

References

External links

1926 births
2003 deaths
Baseball players from New York (state)
Charleston Senators players
Dallas Rangers players
Jersey City Giants players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
New York Giants (NL) players
Ottawa Giants players
Reno Silver Sox players
Trenton Giants players
Vancouver Mounties players
Sportspeople from Newburgh, New York


Arthur McNutt Cochran (October 16, 1811 – 1883) was a merchant, ship owner and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Hants County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1859 to 1863.

He was born in Newport, Nova Scotia, the son of Terrance Cochran and Elizabeth Weir. At the age of 16, he joined his brother Loran De Wolf in business in Halifax, later setting up in business for himself in Maitland. He also operated a farm. In 1839, he married Susan Weir. Cochran was a justice of the peace, a school commissioner for East Hants and also served in the local militia for a time. In 1875, he was named to the province's Legislative Council.

His brother Felix also served in the assembly.

References
The Canadian biographical dictionary and portrait gallery of eminent and self-made men ... (1881)

1811 births
1883 deaths
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
Canadian Anglicans
Members of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia


David Schildknecht is an American wine critic, a full-time member of "Vinous", and previous member of The Wine Advocate, contributor to recent editions of Robert Parker's Wine Buyer’s Guide. An authority on the wine of Germany and Austria, he also considers the Loire Valley a specialty, a wine region he has described as "the bargain garden of France". He currently covers the French regions of the Loire Valley, Alsace, Beaujolais, Burgundy, Champagne, the Jura, the Savoie and (through calendar 2013) the Languedoc-Roussillon, as well as Austria, Germany and other central Europe wine producing regions, and additionally Oregon, the American East Coast and Midwest wines.

Schildknecht - who worked in Washington DC with Rex Wine & Spirits from 1981, with Mayflower Wine and Spirits, and with Pearson's - regularly assembled and presented wines from German growers for Parker's reports in The Wine Advocate from 1990 through 1993. From 1985-1995, he reported from Austria, Germany, selected regions of France and Hungary for Stephen Tanzer's International Wine Cellar. From 1997 to early 2007, when his duties at The Wine Advocate were expanded to include French wines, Schildknecht imported wines of France for Ohio-based wine importer and distributor Vintner Select.

Schildknecht has authored substantial portions of the 7th edition of Robert Parker's Wine Buyer's Guide and Robert Parker's Wine Bargains as well as the material on German wines in the third edition of The Oxford Companion to Wine, and has contributed as feature writer and columnist to Wine & Spirits, The World of Fine Wine, and Austria's Vinaria. On the subject of TCA taint, Schildknecht has presented his views on stoppers on the website of Jancis Robinson.

Eric Asimov has described Schildknecht as "one of the most learned and thoughtful wine writers around".

See also
List of wine personalities

References

Footnotes

External links
 David Schildknecht profile vinous.com

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Wine critics


Uncial 0118 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 62 (Soden); is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century.

Description
The codex contains a small fragment of the Gospel of Matthew 11:27-28, on one parchment leaves (11 cm by 10 cm). It is written in 10 lines per page, in uncial letters. The letters are large and leaned into right; it has breathings and accents.

The text-type of the Greek text of this codex is unknown. Text is too brief to classify. Aland did not placed it in any Category.

ΟΥΔΕ]ΤΟΝ[ΠΡ]Α
ΤΙΣΕΠΙΓΙΝΩΣ
ΚΕΙ.ΕΙΜΗΟΥΣ
ΚΑΙΩΕΑΝΒΟΥ
ΛΗΤΑΙΟΥΣΑ
ΠΟΚΑΛΥ[Ψ]ΑΙ.
ΔΕΥΤΕΠΡΟΣΜΕ
ΠΑΝΤΕΣΟΙΚΟ
ΠΙΩΝΤΕΣΚΑΙ
ΠΕΦΟΡΤΙΣΜΕ

History
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 8th century.

The codex was found in the end of the 19th century by J. Rendel Harris in the Saint Catherine's Monastery, in Sinai peninsula, where is located to the present day (Sinai Harris 6).

See also
 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading
 J. Rendel Harris, Biblical Fragments from Mount Sinai (London, 1890), pp. X, 15.

Greek New Testament uncials
8th-century biblical manuscripts


Üllar Saaremäe (born November 23, 1969) is an Estonian actor, director, politician, and punk band singer.

Biography
Üllar Saaremäe was born 23 November 1969 in Kohtla-Nõmme.

He has two children from his relationship with actress Tiina Mälberg: Karl Robert and Marii Ingriin.

He was the creator and producer of the Estonian Punk Song Festival in 2008, for which he received the Estonian Volunteer of the Year national award.

Saaremäe is also involved in politics; he is a member of the conservative Pro Patria party and from  2009–2013 was a member of the Rakvere City Council. From 2017–2018, he was a member of the Kadrina Rural Municipality Council, and is a Lääne-Viru County electoral district member of the 14th Riigikogu since 2019.

Filmography

Films

Television

References

External links

Eesti Ekspress: Üllar Saaremäe - väge täis''
Teatrielamus saab alguse sisust
Eesti Naises
Eesti Päevalht:Üllar Saaremäe: minu punt on Rakvere teater
Tartu Oskar Lutsu nimeline Linnaraamatukogu

1969 births
Living people
Estonian male film actors
Estonian male stage actors
Estonian male television actors
Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni
Members of the Riigikogu, 2019–2023
Isamaa politicians
People from Toila Parish
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 4th Class
21st-century Estonian politicians
20th-century Estonian male actors
21st-century Estonian male actors


This page details the match results and statistics of the Brunei national football team.

Key

Key to matches
Att.=Match attendance
(H)=Home ground
(A)=Away ground
(N)=Neutral ground

Key to record by opponent
Pld=Games played
W=Games won
D=Games drawn
L=Games lost
GF=Goals for
GA=Goals against

Results
Brunei's score is shown first in each case.

Notes

Record by opponent

References

Brunei national football team results


Faintheart is a 2008 British comedy film, directed by Vito Rocco and starring Eddie Marsan, Ewen Bremner and Jessica Hynes. It concerns a lead character involved in the historical reenactment of medieval battles; and is the first film to be created using active input from an online site.

The film was a result of collaborative effort from Myspace, Vertigo films and Film4. The resulting group, MyMovieMashUp, sought to harness the talents of the online community and to enable them to be involved in the film-making process. Various cast and crew members were picked from the MySpaceUK website to work on the project, a unique tactic in the film-making industry. Although the casting and soundtrack were assembled with the help of Myspace, the screenplay was written by UK-based writer David Lemon.

Professional Viking re-enactors from UK-based company "The Vikings" formed part of the cast alongside Britannia Romano-British society.
A specialist stunt team from East 15 Acting School took part in filming the large battles under the fight direction of Richard Ryan.

Plot
Richard is separated from his wife and son because she is tired of playing second fiddle to his medieval war re-enactments: The Broad Swords. He is trying desperately to win her back by recreating the atmosphere in which their relationship began, but she has moved on, and is dating the school gym teacher.

His son is equally geeky but blames his father for this, as it results in his being bullied at school.

Meanwhile, his gaming friend Julian, who owns a comic book store, is having his own romantic problems, but finds Maggie, a woman with an equal love of Star Trek: The Next Generation which sets him on the right track.

Richard has a lowly job in a DIY store and his manager has little sympathy either with his hobby or home problems.

After a heart to heart discussion with his "Viking" colleagues he has a change of heart. He cuts off his long hair. He apologises at the grave of his father-in-law where he meets his mother-in-law. But when his son's young girlfriend expresses an interest in watching the re-enactment he returns to his love, rescuing his swords from the dump.

His wife realises the gym teacher looks good but is ugly inside.

Richard joins in a huge public display battle between Vikings and Normans. The fight is side-lined by the gym teacher appearing, resulting in a duel between him and Richard. When the son intervenes his wife takes a bow and arrow and forces the teacher to retreat to the cheer of the crowds.

Cast
 Eddie Marsan as Richard
 Ewen Bremner as Julian
 Jessica Hynes as Cath, Richard's wife
 Bronagh Gallagher as Maggie
 Tim Healy as Geoff
 Paul Nicholls as Gary
 Jodie Packwood as mischievous schoolgirl
 Anne Reid as Barbara Wallace, Richard's mother-in-law
 Joseph Hamilton as Martin
 Chloe Hesar as Emily
 Richard Ridings as Collin
 Gary Sefton as Vince
 Kevin Eldon as Alan
 Sandra Voe as Julian's Mum
 Matthew Leighton as Kim
 Tom Smith as Danny
 Phil Lester as Tim
Oscar McDevitt as Pete
Rasmus Hardiker as Comic Book Fan 1
Edward Tudor-Pole as 	Lollipop Man / Death Metal Singer
Tim Potter as Headmaster
Aliese Kellner-Joyce as Office Worker
Colin Webb as Policeman
 George Hill as Boy With Owl
Chris R. Wright as Simon
Calum Chalmers as Kevin
Steve Ryland as Comic Book Fan 2
 Nick Ball as	Graham
Jason Excell as Death Metal Band Bassist
Graeme Brookes as	Pub Landlord
Joseph Ripley as Photographer
Rosalyn Scanlon as Office Worker

Critical reception
The Guardian gave the film two out of five stars, writing, "this is not a bad movie, exactly, but it aims curiously low, and is faintly pointless; and while the actors cope well with the material, they are finally just cardboard characters in a balsa-wood plot." Sky Movies gave the film four out of five stars, saying, "it's a totally unexpected hoot...Director Vito Rocco and credited writer David Lemon have done a terrific job in creating one of the most consistently funny and winning Brit-coms of recent years." The IGN review by Chris Tilly was positive.

References

Further reading
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080924225914/http://www.cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk/films/2008/faintheart/reviews/ (Reviews, Cambridge Film Festival)

External links

British comedy films
British romantic comedy films
Vertigo Films films
British independent films
2009 films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films


The Embassy of Syria in Washington, D.C. () is the suspended diplomatic mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United States. The final ambassador of the Syrian Arab Republic was Imad Moustapha. A Charge D'Affaires has not been named.

The embassy along with two honorary consulates were ordered to suspend operations on March 18, 2014 by U.S. special envoy for Syria Daniel Rubinstein, who stated that "We have determined it is unacceptable for individuals appointed by that regime to conduct diplomatic or consular operations in the United States".

The United States subsequently recognized the diplomatic mission of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces on 5 May 2014.

History of building

The building is notable for being the home of former US President William Howard Taft, who died in the building on March 8, 1930.  He had lived in this house for 9 years. The building, constructed in 1908 and designed by noted architect Appleton P. Clark, Jr., is located at 2215 Wyoming Avenue in the Kalorama neighborhood of Washington, D.C.

Syrian Civil War
During February 2012, large scale protests were held at the embassy, condemning the alleged "violent government crackdown" against the popular uprising taking place in Syria, which would become the beginning of the Syrian Civil War. These protests were caused partially by the rejection of China and Russia of a proposed resolution, during a UNSC emergency session. Such protests occurred in other Syrian embassies worldwide, such as London and Istanbul.

While the Syrian embassy remained open after the Assad government's crackdown upon Arab Spring protestors, Syrian diplomat Bassam Barabandi was actively working with the Syrian Opposition and United States government to aid opposition figures with passports and provide information regarding the government.

See also
 Syria-United States relations
 List of diplomatic missions in Washington, D.C.
 Ambassador of Syria to the United States

References

External links

Syria
Washington, D.C.
Defunct diplomatic missions in the United States
Syria–United States relations


Breaking Up Gray Skies is the debut studio album from singer Zayra Alvarez.  Her surname does not appear on the cover for the release.

Track listing
 "So Long"
 "Rainy Days"
 "Tonight"
 "Perfect"
 "Slip Away"
 "Anything"

References

2002 debut albums
Zayra Alvarez albums


"I've Got Your Number" is the debut solo single by Australian singer Cheyne Coates, after her departure from duo dance band Madison Avenue.

Track listing
CD Single
I've Got Your Number (Original)
I've Got Your Number (Rogue Traders Mix)
I've Got Your Number (16th Element Mix)
I've Got Your Number (Emc remix)
I've Got Your Number (A Cappella)

Charts

References

2004 debut singles
2004 songs
Songs written by Cheyne Coates


Charles Edward Perugini (1 September 1839 – 22 December 1918), originally Carlo Perugini, was an Italian-born English painter of the Romantic and Victorian era.

Biography
Perugini was born in Naples, but lived with his family in England from the ages of six to 17. He trained in Italy under Giuseppe Bonolis and Giuseppe Mancinelli, and in Paris under Ary Scheffer. He became a protégé of Lord Leighton, who brought him back to England in 1863. Perugini may at first have worked as Leighton's studio assistant. Under Leighton's influence, he began as a painter of classical scenes; then "he turned to the more profitable pastures of portrait painting, and genre pictures of pretty women and children."

In 1874, he married the youngest daughter of novelist Charles Dickens, who as Kate Perugini pursued her own artistic career, sometimes collaborating with her husband. Perugini's 1878 picture A Girl Reading, perhaps his best-known single work, is in the collection of the Manchester Art Gallery. It was bequeathed by James Thomas Blair in 1917.

Perugini's portrait of Sophie Gray, the sister-in-law of Pre-Raphaelite painter Sir John Everett Millais, was for many years mistaken for a work by Millais himself.

Perugini and his wife maintained an active social life in artistic circles of their era. He died in London.

Works
A Girl Reading (1878; Manchester Art Gallery)
Orange Blossoms (1879)
Faithful (1879; Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool)
Tender Cares (1880)
Idle Moments (before 1885)
A Summer Shower (1888; Ferens Art Gallery, Hull)
 'The Highborn Ladye-Moore'  (Untraced)
La Superba (Untraced)
Graziella
A Backward Glance

Gallery (selected)

References

External links

 Perugini's A Backward Glance.
 Silva.
 The portrait of Sophie Grey.
 The Green Lizard - Rehs Galleries' biography and an image of the artist's 1902 Royal Academy painting.

19th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century English painters
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
20th-century Italian painters
British genre painters
English portrait painters
1839 births
1918 deaths
19th-century Neapolitan people
Italian emigrants to the United Kingdom
English people of Italian descent
Artists' Rifles officers
19th-century Italian male artists
20th-century Italian male artists
20th-century English male artists
19th-century English male artists


"Optimistic" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead from their fourth studio album, Kid A (2000). It was produced by the band with their producer, Nigel Godrich, and was released as a promotional single in the US and Europe, receiving radio play.

Composition and reception
According to the singer, Thom Yorke, he and Radiohead's lead guitarist, Jonny Greenwood, wrote "Optimistic" in 1998 while traveling through a desert. The refrain, "Try the best you can / The best you can is good enough", was an assurance by Yorke's partner, Rachel Owen, when he was frustrated with Radiohead's recording progress. April Clare Welsh of NME interpreted the line, along with "flies are buzzing around my head / vultures circling the dead", as a possible comment on the pressures of fame. The lyrics were described as possibly ironic.

Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone described "Optimistic" as an "explicit homage" to the 1992 R.E.M. album Automatic for the People, with similar vocal rhythms. In another article, Sheffield likened the hook to Blind Faith. Critics noted how "Optimistic" was similar to Radiohead's rock sound, while other Kid A songs differed from it.

Reception
Sam Kemp from Far Out Magazine placed "Optimistic" in the last spot of a list ranking Kid A songs, saying that, although it is the most straightforward from it, it "just doesn't have that wonderful sense of unfamiliarity that defines so many of the tracks on the rest of the album."

Writers of Consequence of Sound named it the 30th-best Radiohead song, and said it is "the most 'Radiohead' song on the album" and that it "doesn't best represent the songs that surround it". PopMatters ranked it as the 6th best Kid A track, stating that it is "quite easily the closest that we get to a conventional rock song here[, b]eing the only predominantly guitar-based song" on the album.

Marc Hogan of Vulture said that "Optimistic" "drew extra attention at the time for being a rare rock-oriented brooder on its Aphex Twin- and Autechre-aspiring album home. If the rest of Kid A looked to expand Radiohead listeners' boundaries, 'Optimistic' was the band's way of showing what it could already do within the old ones." He ranked the song as the band's 21st-best. April Clare Welsh of NME said that it is "probably the most Bends-like track Kid A has to offer", ranking it as the 5th best on the album.

Chris DeVille of Stereogum opined that "Optimistic" "is probably the most underrated song in Radiohead's discography". It was included on Radiohead: The Best Of (2008) and Kid A Mnesia (2021).

Personnel

Radiohead

 Colin Greenwood
 Jonny Greenwood
 Ed O'Brien
 Philip Selway
 Thom Yorke

Additional personnel

 Nigel Godrich production, engineering, mixing
 Gerard Navarro production assistance, additional engineering
 Graeme Stewart additional engineering

Charts

Notes

References

Radiohead songs
2000 songs
Songs written by Thom Yorke
Songs written by Colin Greenwood
Songs written by Jonny Greenwood
Songs written by Philip Selway
Songs written by Ed O'Brien


Digital Audio Control Protocol (DACP) is a protocol used by the iTunes and other audio player and server applications on Mac, Windows and Linux computers, enabling remote control by mobile devices such as iPhone and Android phones and tablet computers. By connecting the personal computer to loudspeakers the mobile device is used as a two-way remote control, allowing selection and control of music playback within a traditional listening environment such as a home or apartment.

Clients
Compliant DACP clients can connect to any DACP enabled server. Clients are available for multiple desktop and mobile platforms.

 Apple Remote  Apple Remote is the first DACP client created specifically for iTunes remote control.

 CuteRemote  CuteRemote DACP remote control for Nokia Phones.

 TunesRemote+  TunesRemote+ for Google Android is a fork of Jeff Sharkey's TunesRemote project. The project's goal is provide remote functionality for Android with similar capabilities as Apple's remote.

 TunesRemote-SE  TunesRemote-SE combines the DACP control software from TunesRemote+ with the graphical user interface from Firefly Client to produce an application that can control a DACP server from any computer running Java.

 Remote for iTunes  Remote for iTunes by Hyperfine Software for Android lets users control iTunes via their home Wi-Fi network.

 Remote for Windows Phone 7  Remote for Windows Phone 7 by Komodex Software lets users control DACP servers from their home Wi-Fi network.

 yTrack  yTrack is an iPad application developed by Fabrice Dewasmes that browses a remote DACP library and let users control it.

Servers
Compliant DACP servers can accept connections from any DACP client. Multiple compliant servers are available for Mac, Windows and Linux platforms.

 Apple iTunes  Apple iTunes is the original DACP server and the specification was created specifically for iTunes remote control.

 MonkeyTunes for MediaMonkey  In 2009 Melloware Inc., released MonkeyTunes, the first known "third-party" DACP server for MediaMonkey that is fully compliant with Apple's DACP protocol.

 TouchRemote for Foobar2000  In 2009 Wintense released TouchRemote, a plugin (component) for the foobar2000 music player, implementing a DACP server that is fully compliant with Apple's DACP protocol allowing Apple Inc.'s Remote application to be used.

 AlbumPlayer  In 2011 Albumon, released a DACP plugin for their software AlbumPlayer which is a full featured jukebox player for the PC.

 Telescope for Songbird  In 2010 Wilco released Telescope for the Songbird music player, implementing a DACP server that is fully compliant with Apple's DACP protocol, and a standard web service and mobile browser interface.

 Rhythmbox for GNOME  In 2010 native DACP support was added to Rhythmbox after a Google Summer of Code project by Alexandre Rosenfeld.

See also
 Digital Audio Access Protocol
 Remote Audio Output Protocol

References

External links
 Tunes Remote, Android client using DACP.
 TunesRemote+, forked version of TunesRemote for Android with updates and bug fixes
 TunesRemote-SE, DACP client for Java platforms
 Remote for iTunes by Hyperfine Software, Android client using DACP
 MonkeyTunes, MediaMonkey DACP server
 foo_touchremote Foobar2000 DACP server
 Telescope Songbird DACP server

Data transmission


Andrew Cowie (July 20, 1798 – October 21, 1890) was a Scottish-born leather manufacturer, ship owner and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Liverpool township from 1851 to 1855 and Queen's County from 1859 to 1867 in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly.

He was born in Auchanbalrige in Banffshire, the son of William Cowie and Elizabeth Milne, and came to Halifax in 1816, settling in Liverpool two years later. He entered business as a dry goods merchant but later acquired a tannery and began to manufacture leather. In 1820, he married Janet More. For a time, Cowie was involved in the lumber trade, an occupation that most Cowie's go into at one point or another. He also operated a saddle and harness shop in partnership with his sons. Cowie also served as a magistrate.

References
The Canadian biographical dictionary and portrait gallery of eminent and self-made men ... (1881)

1798 births
1890 deaths
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs


"Taste You" is the second and final single to be taken from Australian singer Cheyne Coates debut album.

Track listing
CD Single
Taste You (Radio edit)
Taste You (Emc mix)
Taste You (Sweeter Than Bee Pollen mix)
Taste You (Alleycat Mix)
I've Got Your Number (Original)

Charts

References

2004 singles
2004 songs
Songs written by Cheyne Coates


Yitzhak Vaknin (; born 12 May 1958) is an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Shas between 1996 and 2019, and as Minister of Religious Services in 2019 and 2020.

Biography
Vaknin was born into a family that had immigrated from Morocco in 1954. Between 1982 and 1987 he served as secretary of the Gornot HaGalil communal settlement. In 1988 he became chairman of the committee of Ya'ara, a position he held until 1996. Between 1988 and 1993 he also served as secretary of Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council, and from 1993 until 1996 as the head of its religious council.

He was first elected to the Knesset in 1996. He retained his seat in the 1999 elections, and was appointed Deputy Minister of Communications on 5 August 1999, a role he held until 11 July 2000, when Shas resigned from the government. After Ariel Sharon formed a new government, Vaknin was appointed Deputy Minister of Labor and Social Welfare on 2 May 2001. He left the position on 20 May 2002, but returned to it on 3 June.

He retained his seat again in the 2003, 2006, 2009, 2013 and 2015 elections. He was appointed Minister of Religious Services in January 2019, but did not run in the April 2019 elections.

He is married with five children and lives in Ya'ara.

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
Deputy ministers of Israel
Israeli Jews
Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
Members of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)
Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)
Shas politicians
Ministers of Religious affairs of Israel
Government ministers of Israel
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset


Anton Irv VR I/2, VR II/2, VR II/3 (17 September 1886 – 27 April 1919) was a highly decorated Estonian combat soldier and military officer during World War I and in the Estonian War of Independence.

Along with captain Karl Parts, he was the leader of Estonian armored trains in the Estonian War of Independence. Anton Irv died in the Battle of Egle (near Strenči) in Latvia.

Anton Irv was born in Sillaotsa farmstead, Ruudiküla village, Viljandi Parish (now Viiratsi Parish), Viljandi County, Governorate of Livonia. Before World War I, Irv worked as a teacher.

During the World War I, he served in the Imperial Russian Army. He showed his good leading abilities and courage which led him to be decorated with all four classes of the Cross of St. George (the set of a "Full Cavalier"), the Médaille militaire and the Gold Sword for Bravery. In 1915 Irv was promoted to commissioned officer.

In the end of 1917 he came to Estonia, and helped to organize the Estonian military forces in order to fight against the Red Army in the Estonian War of Independence. Irv helped to organize the Division of Armoured Trains and became a commander of that unit in 23 January 1919.

After rushing the Red Army out of the Estonian territory in 1919, Estonian Southern front moved into the territory of Latvia and helped also to liberate the North of Latvia of the units of the Red Army. Irv was leading his unit in the battle near the railway station of Egle (near Strenči) in 27 April 1919, when he was suddenly killed.

Decorations
Russian Empire
 Cross of St. George – I, II, III, IV class

 Order of St. Anna – III class with swords
 Order of St. Stanislaus – II, III class
 Gold Sword for Bravery

French Republic
 Médaille militaire

Republic of Estonia
 Estonian Cross of Liberty VR I/2 for Military Leadership – 2. class (posthumously)
 Estonian Cross of Liberty VR II/2 for Personal Courage – 2. class (posthumously)
 Estonian Cross of Liberty VR II/3 for Personal Courage – 3. class (posthumously)

References

1886 births
1919 deaths
People from Viljandi Parish
People from Kreis Fellin
Russian military personnel of World War I
Estonian military personnel of the Estonian War of Independence
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
Recipients of the Cross of Liberty (Estonia)


Sphaerolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia, occurring in all states and territories except the Northern Territory. Species of Sphaerolobium are erect shrubs, usually with rush-like stems and yellow or red flowers similar to others in the family.

Description
Plants in the genus Sphaerolobium are perennial shrubs, the stems often rush-like, leafless and winged or ridged. The leaves, when present are simple, linear and lack stipules. The sepals are joined forming a bell-shaped tube with five overlapping teeth, the upper two forming a curved "lip". The petals are yellow or red and pea-like, the keel shorter than the other petals. The fruit is a spherical or flattened pod containing one or two seeds.

Taxonomy
The genus Sphaerolobium was first formally described in 1805 by James Edward Smith in Annals of Botany. The name Sphaerolobium means "ball-pod".

Species list
The following is a list of species of Spaerolobium accepted by the Australian Plant Census as of June 2022:
 Sphaerolobium acanthos Crisp — Grampians globe-pea (Vic.)
 Sphaerolobium alatum Benth. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium benetectum R.Butcher (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium calcicola R.Butcher (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium daviesioides Turcz. – prickly globe-pea (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium drummondii Turcz. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium fornicatum Benth. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium gracile Benth. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium grandiflorum Benth. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium hygrophilum R.Butcher (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium linophyllum (Hügel ex Benth.) Benth. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium macranthum Meisn. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium medium R.Br. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium minus Labill. (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
 Sphaerolobium nudiflorum (Meisn.) Benth. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium pubescens R.Butcher (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium pulchellum Meisn. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium racemulosum Benth. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium rostratum Butcher (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium scabriusculum Meisn. (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium validum R.Butcher (W.A.)
 Sphaerolobium vimineum Sm. — leafless globe-pea (W.A., S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)

References

Fabales of Australia
Fabaceae genera
Endemic flora of Australia


Nikolai Zubarev (10 January 1894 – January 1951) was a Russian chess player. He won the championship of Moscow twice.

Chess career
During World War I, Zubarev won ahead of Peter Yurdansky at Moscow 1915 and tied for 4-5th places the next year. After the war, he won the championship of Moscow in 1927 and 1930. He also took 5th place in 1919/20 (Alexander Alekhine won), took 3rd in 1920 (Josef Cukierman won), shared 6th in 1922/23 (Nikolai Grigoriev won), tied for 12-13th in 1925 (Aleksandr Sergeyev won), took 2nd behind Abram Rabinovich in 1926, tied for 5-6th in 1928 (Boris Verlinsky won), shared 6th in 1929 (Vasily Panov won), all in the Moscow Championship, and finished last in the 1925 Moscow international tournament, won by Efim Bogoljubov.

He participated several times in USSR Chess Championship; tied for 11-12th at Moscow 1920 (Alekhine won), took 10th at Petrograd 1923 (Peter Romanovsky won), tied for 11-13th at Leningrad 1925 (Bogoljubov won), took 4th at Odessa 1929 (quarter-final), and took 18th at Leningrad 1933 (Mikhail Botvinnik won).

Zubarev was awarded the International Arbiter title in 1951.

References

1894 births
1951 deaths
Russian chess players
Soviet chess players
20th-century chess players
Date of death missing
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Chess arbiters


The 1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown was an incident on 23 July 1954, when a Cathay Pacific Airways C-54 Skymaster airliner was shot down by People's Liberation Army Air Force fighter aircraft.  The event occurred off the coast of Hainan Island, where the plane was en route from Bangkok to Hong Kong, killing 10 of 19 passengers and crew on board.

Although the four-engine propeller-driven Douglas (registered VR-HEU) was a C-54 Skymaster, the incident is known as "the DC-4 shootdown" because the C-54 is the military version of the Douglas DC-4. The crew of six was headed by British captain Phil Blown. In all, one flight crew member, two cabin crew members and seven of the thirteen passengers were killed in the attack and subsequent crash of the airliner.

Aircraft
The aircraft, registered VR-HEU, was a four-engine, propeller-driven Douglas C-54A Skymaster airliner.

The aircraft had been manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company with construction number 10310 and delivered to the USAAF on 16 May 1944, where it served for less than two years. It was bought on 19 February 1946 by KLM and first operated by KLM West Indies before returning to KLM main line in February 1948. It was sold to Cathay Pacific in August 1949.

Flight and attack
On 22 July 1954, VR-HEU took off from Bangkok at 20:19 GMT after being delayed in Bangkok for an hour due to mechanical problems on its No. 2 engine. The flight was bound for Hong Kong.

At 23:40 GMT, when the DC-4 was cruising at  and roughly  east of the international air corridor line off Hainan Island and only 31 minutes from Hong Kong, two Lavochkin La-11 fighters of the 85th Fighter Regiment, 29th Fighter Division, People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), appeared behind VR-HEU, one above it on the DC-4's starboard rear side and the other on its port side. At approximately 23:44 GMT, the fighters opened fire, hitting the two outboard engines (numbers 1 and 4) which caught fire. The number 4 engine's auxiliary and main fuel tanks were also ablaze.

While captain Phil Blown took evasive actions to avoid further damage, co-pilot Cedric Carlton issued blankets to passengers instructing them to place them on the back of their seats for protection against the bullets. Radio operator Stephen Wong made an initial distress call at 23:45 GMT: "Kai Tak Tower, Cathay XXX, Mayday! Mayday! Mayday! No. 1 port engine on fire, losing altitude, requesting all possible assistance." Wong made 10 mayday calls before VR-HEU ditched. Cathay Pacific engineer G. H. Cattanach, travelling as a passenger, tried to make the passengers comfortable when it became known that the plane was going to ditch.

VR-HEU began losing altitude and at , its rudder control was shot off. Travelling at , Blown tried his utmost to evade incendiary bullets fired by the fighters by taking evasive action, weaving the Skymaster left and right. At , the right aileron was shot off and the plane began uncontrollably turning right. The captain then countered the increasing turn by shutting down engines 1 and 2 and applying full power on engine 3. Approximately 2 minutes after the initial attack, unable to maintain controlled levelled flight, Blown decided to ditch the Skymaster in rough open seas that included  waves and a  wind.

The starboard wingtip was the first to hit the water, severing the right wing between the number 3 and 4 engines. The impact caused the tail to break off and float off  from the main wreckage. The main fuselage now floated at an angle of 45 degrees with the rear open fuselage pointing towards the sky.

After the plane ditched into the ocean, the attacking fighters, flying at around , ceased firing at the Skymaster, made a turn around the wreckage, and headed towards Sanya. While ten passengers and crew were killed by bullets and the subsequent ditching, nine others survived and escaped from the sinking plane. Blown and his co-pilot escaped through a broken starboard sliding window, which had water coming in fast.

With all survivors floating on the water with no life vests, co-pilot Carlton suddenly noticed that a Mrs Thorburn was hanging on to a raft still in its case. Fearing the bright yellow rubber raft might attract the attention of PLAAF fighters, it took Carlton twenty minutes to finally inflate the rubber dinghy and lift all nine passengers in. Once all were on the dinghy, concern remained that the attacking planes might return; some of the dazed, injured passengers, with their clothes in shreds, hid under a plastic sunshade covering the edges of the dinghy. Although Blown and passenger Peter Thacher kept watch, the attacking planes never returned.

Rescue efforts

An Air Vietnam plane en route to Hong Kong from Hanoi, which had altered its course as a results of the calls, spotted the sinking plane and a dinghy one and a half miles from the Hainan coast. It circled for forty minutes before heading for Hong Kong. Thanks to those calls, the RAF in Hong Kong immediately redirected a Saigon-bound Vickers Valetta military transport and further despatched a Short Sunderland flying boat and an Avro York military transport, as well as two de Havilland Hornet fighters of 80 Squadron, from RAF Kai Tak to the reported position of the C-54. A fully armed French PB4Y-2 Privateer also took off from Tourane (Da Nang), French Indochina (now Vietnam) after intercepting the emergency radio call.

Meanwhile, the civilian-operated Manila rescue control centre in the Philippines, on picking up the SOS call from Wong, alerted the 31st Air Rescue Squadron of the USAF at Clark Air Force Base. Captain Jack T. Woodyard, on first alert duty that day and about to depart on a routine training mission in his Grumman SA-16 Albatross, 51-009, immediately took off. A second Albatross followed Woodyard 35 minutes later.

The Hornets were the first to arrive on the scene, followed by the Valetta, Sunderland, York and the Privateer.  While the Hornets carried out a thorough search of the area for survivors, the French Privateer informed the Albatross, which was fifty miles away, "We have spotted the dinghy with survivors; looks like two of them from here." The British and American planes were not able to communicate with each other as they were on different radio frequencies.

Captain Blown, on seeing the Sunderland arrive, tossed a packet of green sea dye overboard to make the dinghy easier to spot. The Sunderland acknowledged this by setting off a smoke flare but, unable to land in the atrocious conditions, had to circle helplessly for two hours until Woodyard's Albatross finally arrived; this too circled for an hour before landing on the calmer side of Dazhou Island, where it taxied towards the dinghy in rough water before pulling all survivors on board and taking off for Hong Kong, escorted by the Sunderland. AAP and Reuters reported at the time that three survivors were picked up by the Sunderland.

The last passenger to be hoisted on board was the badly injured Rita Cheung, who had broken her left leg in two places and had suffered a deep gash on her forehead. She died aboard the rescue aircraft, ten minutes before the plane reached Kai Tak.

Radio operator Stephen Wong was also killed. It is believed his head was impaled on a drift meter during the ditching of the airliner.

Theories for the attack
There were several hypotheses for the attack, which included:

VR-HEU was carrying a Chinese Nationalist ambassador;
The United States Ambassador to Thailand, "Wild Bill" Donovan, former head of the OSS (the forerunner of CIA) was to have traveled on a Civil Air Transport plane that same week.

The official line from Peking was that the Cathay Pacific airliner was mistaken as a Republic of China plane on a mission to raid a military base at Port Yulin on Hainan Island.

Aftermath
On 26 July 1954, during the survivor search operation, two Douglas A-1 Skyraiders of VA-54 from the aircraft carrier   shot down two PLAAF La-7s off the coast of Hainan Island. It is not known whether they were the same La-11s that had shot down VR-HEU.

The shooting down of VR-HEU raised tension between the People's Republic of China, Britain and the US. The British Foreign Office, through its chargé d'affaires in Peking, Humphrey Trevelyan, delivered Britain's protest to Communist China two days later. The US Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, issued a sharp statement condemning the attack, saying the United States took the gravest view of the act of further barbarity and that the Chinese Communist regime must be held responsible.

The shootdown probably harmed the PRC's chances of admission into the United Nations. US Republican Senator H. Alexander Smith interrupted a marathon debate in the Senate over atomic legislation to read Mr. Dulles's statement before calling the situation "critical". Republican Representative Walter Judd, a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, expressed the view that the incident was another reason why Communist China must not be admitted to the United Nations.

The PRC admitted responsibility three days later by apologising and making compensation to Cathay Pacific and the victims.

Blown, who had been in command of VR-HEU at the time it was shot down, was hailed as a hero. He continued flying for Cathay Pacific for three to four years after the incident, and then retired to New South Wales, Australia, where he died in a nursing home in September 2009, aged 96. Former Cathay Pacific director of flight operations, Nick Rhodes, has commented on the bravery shown by Captain Blown on that day, and commended him for the dedication he showed to ensuring the survival of his passengers.

See also

List of airliner shootdown incidents
Kashmir Princess

References

Further reading
VR-HEU, Planecrashinfo.com
VR-HEU  Account by passenger: Valerie Parish
ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-54A-10-DC VR-HEU Hainan Island
VR-HEU – Life & Times of James Harper
Douglas C-54A-10-DC- – USAAF :: Taxiway Alpha Fleet Listings

Airliner shootdown incidents
Cathay Pacific accidents and incidents
Aviation accidents and incidents in China
China–United Kingdom relations
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-4
Mass murder in 1954
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1954
20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents
July 1954 events in Asia
1954 murders in China
Airliner accidents and incidents involving ditching


The Embassy of Syria in Berlin () is the diplomatic mission of the Syrian Arab Republic in Germany. It is located at Rauchstraße 25 in Berlin.

Germany expelled the ambassador for the Syrian Arab Republic in May 2012, and expelled the remaining four embassy staff later that year.
It was reopened in 2020 and now operates normally with representation at the chargé d'affaires level.

Building
The villa at Rauchstrasse 25 is the only building in the block that survived bomb warfare in WW2 and post-war reconstruction. The city palace was built in 1912 according to plans by Georg Albert Rathenau and Friedrich August Hartmann in neoclassical style. The building has a basement, two full floors and a converted attic with dormer windows under the mansard roof. Wide pilasters made of shell limestone, which are decorated with architectural decorations, rise above the low basement. The central axis of the façade is designed as a central avant-corps that curves towards the street and is closed off by a balcony on the top floor.

The building was remodeled between 2002 and 2003 and now houses the Syrian Embassy. The conversion architect was Abdalrahman Mahamid. The representative rooms are on the first full floor, offices and administration are one floor above. An extension was added to the old building.

See also
List of diplomatic missions in Germany
Germany–Syria relations

References

Germany–Syria relations
Syria
Berlin


Henry Adolphus Newman Kaulback (December 28, 1830 – January 8, 1896) was a lawyer, ship owner, and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1863 to 1867 and sat for Lunenburg in the Senate of Canada from 1872 to 1896. His surname also appears as Kaulbach in some sources.

He was born in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, the son of John H. Kaulback, high sheriff, and Sophia Fredericka Newman. Kaulback was educated at Harvard University. He was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1855. He served on the province's board of agriculture and was lieutenant-colonel in the local militia. Kaulback practised law in Lunenburg. Kaulback ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in 1867. He died in office in Ottawa, January 8, 1896 at the age of 65.

Family

He was married twice. He married Eunice Sophie Harris in 1858. Hon. Henry Adolphus Newman Kaulbach, Q.C., then a member of the Senate married in September 1880 Sophie Anne Ryland, daughter of George H. Ryland, Registrar of Montreal, and his wife, Mary Pitt, daughter of Lieut.-Col. Ralph Gore, of Barrowmount, County Kilkenny, and of H.M.'s 33rd Regiment of Foot. She was born in Quebec, and educated by private tuition. She was an amateur singer and pianist. She was instructed for the piano, by Prof. D'Albert, and in singing by Prof. Arthurson and Dr. Shilling. She was a member of the Montreal Fox Hounds. The couple lived at Mizpah Cottage, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.

His brother Charles served in the Canadian House of Commons.

References

1830 births
1896 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
Canadian senators from Nova Scotia


Nadine A. Turchin (November 26, 1826 – July 17, 1904) was the wife of Union Brigadier General John Basil Turchin. During the American Civil War, she traveled with her husband on his military campaigns and at times acted as his surrogate in command of his troops. She kept a detailed diary that remains a leading eyewitness account of her husband's colorful career. She became widely known in the Union army as "Madame Turchin."

Biography
She was born as Nadezhda Antonovna L'vova (or Lovow) in Russia, the daughter of an officer in the Russian Army. On May 10, 1856, in Krakow, Poland, she married Ivan Vasilovitch Turchaninov, with whom she immigrated to the United States in 1856. Upon their arrival in the US and their eventual settlement on a farm in New York, they anglicized their names. They later moved to Philadelphia and then to Chicago, where he worked as a topographical engineer for the Illinois Central Railroad.

With the outbreak of the Civil War in early 1861, John Turchin was chosen to be Colonel of the 19th Illinois Infantry and later would be the only Russian-born general to serve in the Union Army. Nadine traveled with her husband throughout the war despite orders against wives traveling on campaigns.

During her husband's brief illness in 1862, it was alleged that Nadine  "took his place as regimental commander," but likely did not assume full command. Stories of her military savvy and heroism were reported by soldiers from Illinois and in later newspaper articles about her.

When Colonel Turchin was accused of dereliction of duties, she went to Chicago and then to Washington, D.C., to rally the public in his defense. A plea for help reached White House and Turchin was promoted to brigadier general. On August 8, 1862, Chicago Times wrote, "truly in the lottery matrimonial Col. Turchin had the good fortune to draft an invaluable prize."

In 1863, Nadine started a regular diary that included her opinions on her husband's fellow officers and commentary on battles that she participated in, including Chickamauga. During the battle, she stayed with the brigade and division wagons, which were parked just on the western edge of the battlefield, and she climbed up onto the eastern hills of Missionary Ridge to observe events during the Battle of Missionary Ridge. She left detailed accounts of both battles, in effect being the only Union female diarist of those battles.

After the war, the Turchins settled in Radom, Illinois. They had no children. After her husband's death in 1901, Nadine  applied for and received a pension of $30 a month as a military widow instead of as a nurse or soldier. Nadine Turchin died in 1904 and was buried next to her husband in Mound City National Cemetery in southern Illinois.

Recognition
Nadine A. Turchin earned a place in America's collective memory. On April 25, 1961, Fred Schwengel, while speaking in the United States Congress about women in the American Civil War, said,

See also

 History of women in the United States

References

Further reading
 Bergeron, Destiny. Women in Blue: The Story of Three Women from Illinois Who Fought in the Civil War. Thesis (B.A.), Lake Forest College, 2002, 2002.
 Casstevens, Frances Harding. Tales from the North and the South: Twenty-Four Remarkable People and Events of the Civil War. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co, 2007.
 East, Ernest E. Lincoln's Russian General, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. 52, No. 1, Lincoln Sesquicentennial (Spring, 1959), pp. 106–122
 Hall, Richard H. Women on the Civil War Battlefront. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2006. pp. 44, 260-261.
 Harper, Judith E. Women During the Civil War: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge, 2004.
 Kennedy, Deena. "Mrs. General": Nadine Turchin and the Nineteenth Illinois Infantry in the Civil War. Thesis (M.A.)--Illinois State University, 1992.
Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Women in the Civil War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966. pp. 69–70.
 Mcelligott, Mary Ellen.  A Monotony Full of Sadness": The Diary of Nadine Turchin, May, 1863-April, 1864, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Feb., 1977), pp. 27–89
 Parry, Albert. More on General Turchin, Russian Review, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Jan., 1955), pp. 19–23

External links

Women in the American Civil War
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American diarists
1825 births
1904 deaths
Women diarists
Writers from Chicago
19th-century women writers
19th-century diarists


Sinop Fortress Prison () was a state prison situated in the inside of the Sinop Fortress in Sinop, Turkey. As one of the oldest prisons of Turkey, it was established in 1887 within the inner fortress of the centuries-old fortification located on the northwestern part of Cape Sinop. The prison was closed down in 1997 and the inmates were transferred to a modern prison newly built in Sinop.

Sinop Fortress

Located direct at the coast of Black Sea on the northwest part of Cape Sinop, the Sinop Fortress was constructed initially in the 7th century BC when the city was re-founded as a Greek colony from the city of Miletus.  It was extended and repaired several times in its history by Persians, Kingdom of Pontus, Romans and Byzantines. The fortress took its main form during the reign of Pontus King Mithradates Eupator in 72 BC.

Following the capture of the city on October 3, 1214, Izz ad-Din Kaykaus II, sultan of Seljuk Turks of Rûm divided the fortress in two parts by erecting a wall in north–south direction. The inner fortress of today was formed by adding another wall in the west–east direction. Since then, the inner fortress was used also as shipyard and dungeon. The oldest document that shows the fortress was used as dungeon dates back to 1568.

The walls of the fortress are 18 m high and 3 m wide. There are eleven watchtowers of 22 m height, five of them added during the construction of the inner fortress.

Fortress prison

Designed in U-shape, a stonemasonry prison building with 28 halls on two floors was erected in 1887 in the inside of the southern inner fortress. For use by the prisoners, a Turkish bath () with a single dome was built also next to the prison building. İn 1939, an extension building with 9 halls on two floors, architectural conform with the main building, was added for use as juvenile prison. The inner fortress holding the prison facilities covers an area of 10,247 m2.

The prison was considered as a high-security penitentiary with no escape possibility due to its position within a fortress. The top of the walls of the inner fortress served to the patrolling prison guard as walkway. The living conditions at the prison, where it was difficult even to light a match, were very harsh due to the moisture caused by the location of the prison very close to the sea.

In the beginning of the 20th century, a rehabilitation program was set up for the prisoners. The inmates were given the opportunity to learn and practice handicraft such as woodworking and jewelry that enabled them to potter and to earn money from the items they produced and sold.

The prison was abandoned on December 6, 1997, after the inmates were transferred to a newly built prison in Sinop.

In popular culture
The Sinop Fortress Prison was featured in various stories and poems by notable Turkish writers, who served their sentence. Refik Halit Karay, Ahmet Bedevi Kuran, Refii Cevat Ulunay, Sabahattin Ali, Kerim Korcan and Zeyyat Selimoğlu are some of them to name.

Sabahattin Ali's poem Aldırma Gönül, written 1933 in the prison and featuring the prison life, was composed in 1977 by Kerem Güney, which became nowadays very popular song by Edip Akbayram.

The Turkish movie Pardon (2004), and the TV mini series Firar (Prison Break) (1993) and Köpek (The Dog) (2005) were shot in the historical prison.

Parmaklıklar Ardında (Behind Bars) (2007), adopted from the German RTL Television series Hinter Gittern – Der Frauenknast (1997–2007) and aired by the channel atv, is another Turkish TV mini series. The location in the series is the Sinop Fortress Prison. The generic music of the film is Aldırma Gönül sung by Kibariye.

Tourist attraction

The prison facilities were handed over to the Culture and Tourism Ministry on August 2, 1999. The fortress prison is currently open to the public for sightseeing purposes. Originated from the increasingly presentation of the prison in the recent popular culture, there is a growing interest in visiting the site. The historical penitentiary hosts hundreds of thousands tourists yearly.

It is planned to convert the facilities in the inner fortress into a cultural complex with a maritime and a justice museum.

Notable inmates

The prison hosted also many intellectuals, who were charged for political reasons.

 Devlet II Giray, Crimean Khan (1713)
 Refik Halit Karay, journalist and novelist (1913)
 Mustafa Suphi, journalist and communist politician (1913)
 Ahmet Bedevi Kuran, politician (1913)
 Refii Cevat Ulunay, journalist (1914)
 Hüseyin Hilmi, socialist politician
 Burhan Felek, journalist
 Osman Cemal Kaygılı, teacher and writer (1913)
 Zekeriya Sertel, journalist (1925–1928)
 Sabahattin Ali, writer, poet and journalist (1932)
 Kerim Korcan, novelist
 Osman Deniz, army officer
 Nazım Hikmet, poet
Fatma Nudiye Yalçı, writer and politician

References

External links
 Images from Sinop Fortress Prison

1887 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Government buildings completed in 1887
Defunct prisons in Turkey
Buildings and structures in Sinop, Turkey
Ottoman architecture in Turkey
Prison museums in Asia
Redevelopment projects in Turkey
19th-century architecture in Turkey


Mark Nathan Cohen (born 24 May 1943) is an American anthropologist and a professor in the State University of New York. He has an A.B. degree from Harvard College (1965) and a Ph.D. degree in anthropology (Columbia University, 1971). His areas of research and teaching include human evolution and demographic history,  cultural evolution, biology, medical care and forensic anthropology. He has written several books in the field of population growth and life expectancy. He has written and spoken out repeatedly about inequality and race in America.
He is both university distinguished professor emeritus and distinguished teaching professor emeritus of the State University of New York

Bibliography
Among other books, he has authored:
 Health and the Rise of Civilization (Yale University Press, 1989)
 Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture (Academic Press 1984)
 Culture of Intolerance (Yale University Press 1998)
 Ancient Health (University Press of Florida 2007)
 Darwin and the Bible (Pearson Educacion and Allyn & Bacon 2008)
 The Food Crisis in Prehistory (Yale University Press 1977)
 Biosocial Mechanisms of Population Regulation (Yale University Press 1980)

References

1943 births
American anthropologists
Harvard College alumni
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
State University of New York faculty
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)


Eric Muenter (March 25, 1871 – July 6, 1915), also known as Erich Münter, Erich Muenter, Erich Holt or Frank Holt, was a German-American political terrorist, activist, spy, professor and would-be assassin. Although employed as a German professor at elite American universities, he was actually a spy and a "fanatic in the clandestine service of the Imperial German government." While an instructor at Harvard University, he poisoned and killed his pregnant wife.

He appeared as Cornell University professor Frank Holt who contacted the German spy network which undertook to sabotage US aid to the war in Europe against Germany.  In 1915, he planted a bomb that exploded in the US Capitol, shot Jack Morgan, son of financier J. P. Morgan in his home, and predicted the bombing of a steamship bound for England before committing suicide while in police custody.  His activities, and those of other Germans, were played up by the press as "Hun barbarity"; anti-German feelings rose in the years as America eventually entered the war with Germany.

Biography

Murder of wife

While teaching German at Harvard University in 1906 he poisoned his pregnant wife. Leona Muenter ( Krembs) died on April 16, 1906, of arsenic poisoning. On April 27, 1906, Cambridge, Massachusetts police issued a warrant for the arrest of Erich Muenter. On June 5, 1906, Muenter mailed a pamphlet entitled "Protest" to his wife's family from New Orleans. He vowed that he would "annihilate" Chicago and Cambridge in one blow if he could for accusing him of poisoning his wife, and claimed that he actually feared the punishment inflicted on Christian Scientists who refused medical treatment.  He fled before this was discovered, and spent the next decade in various places in the United States under assumed identities.  He was a committed German nationalist and opposed the US policy of selling arms to Great Britain and France, Germany's enemies in World War I.

German saboteur

Muenter went underground in Mexico for a period, then emerged in Texas under the name "Frank Holt", where he graduated from Texas A&M University and married a new wife. He got jobs in colleges, working his way up to the Ivy League as Professor of German at Cornell University. In 1915, Muenter was inspired by the book The War and America by Hugo Münsterberg, another German sympathizer, who had been on the faculty at Harvard along with Muenter. He became involved with the German spy group Abteilung IIIb, which planted time bombs on vessels carrying arms for the Allies from US ports.

German intelligence was later alleged to have supported his attacks, but Muenter maintained he was just an angry peace activist acting on his own. Muenter clearly had connections to the German network and taunted authorities with veiled statements about Abteilung IIIB's ship sabotage efforts.

1915 United States Capitol bomb attack

Muenter began a campaign against the United States and finance capital on July 2, 1915, by hiding a package containing three sticks of dynamite with a timing mechanism set for nearly midnight under a telephone switchboard in the Senate reception room in the United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. His original target had been the Senate chamber, which he found locked. The bomb exploded at approximately 11:40 pm, resulting in no casualties. Muenter wrote a letter to The Washington Star under a pseudonym R. Pearce, explaining his actions, which were published after the bombing. He said he hoped the explosion would "make enough noise to be heard above the voices that clamor for war. This explosion is an exclamation point in my appeal for peace."

SS Minnehaha steamship bomb attack

After setting off the bomb in the Capitol, he fled to New York City. Here, he placed a pencil bomb timed explosive aboard the SS Minnehaha, a ship loaded with munitions bound for Britain.

Shooting of J. P. Morgan Jr.

Under the alias of Frank Holt, Muenter took a train and a cab to the East Island, Glen Cove, New York, estate of J. P. Morgan Jr. on July 3, 1915. J.P. Morgan & Co. was acting as the American purchasing agent for the British and French governments, as well as arranging large loans to both governments. Muenter carried a small suitcase with newspaper clippings against arms shipments, and a few sticks of dynamite, while in his coat he carried two revolvers and another stick of dynamite. Muenter rang the front doorbell. When the butler opened the door, Muenter presented a business card and demanded to see Mr. Morgan. When the butler balked after he would not state his business, Muenter pulled out both revolvers and ran into the house looking for Morgan. When he encountered two of Morgan's children, he pointed a pistol at them and had them follow. On the staircase, he shouted "Now, Mr. Morgan, I have you!" as Mrs. Morgan tried to block the path to her husband, but Morgan lunged at his attacker and tackled Muenter to the ground as he fired two rounds into Morgan's groin and thigh. Having pinned Muenter to the ground, Morgan twisted one revolver out of Muenter's hand as his wife and others grabbed the other. Muenter was heard to cry "Kill me! Kill me now! I don't want to live anymore. I have been in a perfect hell for the last six months on account of the European war." Morgan's butler finished subduing Muenter, beating him senseless with a lump of coal. Morgan recovered quickly, returning to work on August 14.

Muenter refused to identify himself to police, saying only that he was a Christian gentleman who wanted to persuade Morgan to end the war. However, a tip was soon received pointing out a resemblance between "Holt" and Muenter, who was still wanted in Cambridge for the poisoning of his wife. Harvard official Charles Apted, who had lived near Muenter in Cambridge, was dispatched to New York, where he identified Muenter,

In his jacket he had written down the names of Morgan's four children, and a clipped cartoon of Lady Liberty pointing to a crate of fireworks, representing the European war, telling Uncle Sam that they are "dangerous fireworks". He also circled some sailings on a schedule for merchant vessels leaving New York. He told police that his original intention was to take Morgan's wife and children hostage to force Morgan to help stop munitions shipments to Europe, though on at least one occasion he admitted he also intended to assassinate Morgan. Authorities quickly connected him to the Capitol bombings and the wife poisoning case. A search of the suitcase found a handwritten letter addressed to "His Majesty the German Kaiser" similar to letters he mailed out at the time of the bombing of the Capitol signed "R. Pearce". The Morgan shooting made world headlines the next Sunday morning, 4 July.

Bomb-making materials

Captain Thomas J. Tunney, head of New York City Police Department's Bomb Squad, tricked Muenter into confessing details how he had made the timer for the Capitol bomb, but he would not tell all until July 7. Police tracked down a trunk Muenter had placed in storage in New York City. Inspector of Combustibles Owen Egan declared it "the greatest equipment for bomb making ever brought to New York" with 134 sticks of dynamite, blasting caps, coils of fuse, batteries, nitric acid, windproof matches, mercury fulminate, smokeless explosive powder. Three explosive tin can bombs had been recently completed.

Death

There is some dispute on how Muenter died on July 6, 1915. Muenter tried to kill himself on the night of July 5 by slashing his wrist but this failed to kill him. The next day a prison guard failed to lock his cell and when the guard stepped away, at 10:30, Muenter somehow found his way to the roof and jumped  to his death. An investigation ruled the death a suicide.   In Howard Blum's In Dark Invasion he writes that New York's counterterrorism police at first believed that he was killed by an assassin sent to silence him with two bullets in the head. But the version they decided on was that Muenter ran out of a briefly opened door and jumped head-first onto the concrete floor of the jail corridor (this source says he fell to his death from ).  The sound of his head hitting the concrete was so loud that it was initially thought he had smuggled a dynamite cap into the prison and set it off with his teeth.

Bombing after his death

Muenter's wife received a note from her husband warning that a ship bound for England would sink on 7 July. On that day, just two days after his suicide, the crew was warned but they could not find the bomb on the SS Minnehaha. It exploded, but had been placed far away from the munitions and caused minor damage.

See also

 List of incidents of political violence in Washington, D.C.

References

 - Total pages: 336

Further reading
 Dark Invasion: 1915: Germany's Secret War and the Hunt for the First Terrorist Cell in America by Howard Blum
 Ron Chernow: The House of Morgan. An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance. Grove Press, 2001,
 Thomas Joseph Tunney und Paul Merrick Hollister: Throttled! The Detection of the German and Anarchist Bomb Plotters. Small, Maynard & Company, 1919
 Morris Bishop: A History of Cornell. Cornell University Press, 1962,
 The Harvard Graduates' Magazine. Harvard Graduates' Magazine Association, 1934
 The New York Times Current History. The European War, Volume IV. The New York Times Co., 1915

External links
 United States Senate: Bomb Rocks Capitol
 Newsday.com: His Calling Cards Were Guns

1871 births
1915 suicides
1915 crimes in the United States
Attacks on the United States Congress
American spies for Imperial Germany
Bombers (people)
Cornell University faculty
Failed assassins
American murderers
American people who died in prison custody
German murderers
German nationalists
German people who died in prison custody
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
Harvard University faculty
Harvard University Department of German faculty
Professors of German in the United States
People from Uelzen
Suicides in New York (state)
Terrorist incidents in the United States in the 1910s
World War I spies for Germany
Suicides by jumping in New York City
Murderers who died by suicide in prison custody
Prisoners who died in New York (state) detention


Francis Robert Raines  (22 February 1805 – 17 October 1878) was the Anglican vicar of Milnrow, Lancashire, known as an antiquary. He edited 23 volumes for the Chetham Society publications. He also transcribed 44 volumes of manuscripts.

Early life
He was born 22 February 1805 in Whitby, the son of Isaac Raines, M.D. and Ann, daughter of Joseph Robertson. At thirteen years old, he was sent to Clitheroe, Lancashire, as an apprentice surgeon. He later moved to Burnley with his employer, during which time he went to the Clitheroe and Burnley Grammar Schools. In 1826, he was released from his apprenticeship and admitted to St. Bees' Theological College.

Career
He was ordained in 1828, and after short appointments at Saddleworth and Rochdale, he was vicar at Milnrow for the rest of his life. He was a founder Member of the Chetham Society, serving as a Member of Council from 1843, and as Vice-President from 1858.

Raines died after a short illness at Scarborough on 17 October 1878, aged 73, and was buried in Milnrow churchyard.

Works
Francis Gastrell, Notitia Cestriensis: Or Historical Notices of the Diocese of Chester (1850) editor
Miscellanies: being a selection from the poems and correspondence of the Rev. T. Wilson (1857). Concerns Thomas Wilson  (1747–1813).
A History of the Chantries Within the County Palatine of Lancaster: Being the Reports of the Royal Commissioners of Henry VIII., Edward VI. and Queen Mary (1862) editor
William Dugdale, The Visitation of the County Palatine of Lancaster, Made in the Year 1664-5 (1872–73) editor
The Vicars of Rochdale (1883)
The Rectors of Manchester, and the Wardens of the Collegiate Church of that Town (1885)
The Fellows of the Collegiate Church of Manchester (1891)

References

External links
The Raines Collection (PDF)
Francis Raines Papers, John Rylands Library, University of Manchester
Chetham Society
Family history

1805 births
1878 deaths
People educated at Burnley Grammar School
19th-century English Anglican priests
English antiquarians
People from Whitby
Chetham Society


Aleksandar Novaković (Serbian-Cyrillic: Александар Новаковић; born 9 January 1975 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian writer, playwright, historian, musician and political activist.

Life and Work
Aleksandar Novaković grew up in his native place, attended the XII. Belgrade Gymnasium in Voždovac city quarter and graduated with maturity diploma in 1994, then he began studying at the department of history of the Philosophical Faculty of Belgrade’s University and graduated in 2002 with diploma. He changed to the University of Arts and continued his education in theater studies and dramaturgy. In 2007,  Novaković (magister since 2006) was supported by John McGrath scholarship of the University of Edinburgh. In 2012, he obtained his doctorate with thesis on Strangers as dramatis personae in Serbian drama 1734-1990 (Stranci kao dramatis personae u srpskoj drami 1734-1990). Novaković currently lectures on theater history and dramatic theory at the New Academy of Arts since 2014. The writer published profiles on LinkedIn as well as Facebook, he uploads different videos as Alasdair MacFearnua to YouTube (Alasdair means Alexander; MacFearnua is a composition of prefix Mac, fear means man and nua means new: an obvious allusion to the meaning of his surname Novaković), edits the blog Nowakowsky - My Life, My Writing and his personal website is focused on his multifaceted literary work. He has also been writing for Radio Belgrade for some years and his personal selection of recorded broadcasts is available on Mixcloud. The artist has also been creative as a guitarist in bands for many years and some of the musical tastings can be heard on Bandcamp.

The author of eight novels is also a member of the editorial board of the Serbian web magazine Eckermann, named after the close confidant of Goethe, the author of the work Dichtung und Wahrheit (Poetry and Truth). The German word Dichtung can be used synonymously for fiction or falsehood. Reading Novaković's novels is a time travel into the past, the future or the present, but in any case they usually include stories of people and their personal way to falsehood and truth of own life in search of happiness and authentic self-fulfillment. No matter, whether a reader is accompanying the Serbian journalist on his trip to Scotland like in the novel Celtic tales or meeting a young playwright like in the novel Glacier, studying a future despot and his power politics in the year 2030 in the book Novo Smederevo or getting told the story about the Glorious One Duško Popović, a  volunteer of Spanish civil war with biographical details from the real life of Božidar Petrović, all works of the writer are worth to be discovered. The award-winning novel The Leader tells about an unscrupulous and inhumane officer of the Royal Serbian Army and his handling of his recent past (Balkan wars). The historian Novaković concentrates the plot to a certain day: the Vidovdan of the year 1914, when the assassination of the Austrian heir apparent took place in Sarajevo. The content of the novel is a rejection of justifying arguments by representatives of Greater Serbian ideology as well as of violence and war as political means and exposes various arguments of nationalist conspiracy theorists as stereotypical absurdity. The manuscript of his unpublished novel Regulator has been nominated for the final selection of the Miroslav Dereta Award of the same named publishing house in 2007. It would be desirable for the writer to be presented to a wider reading public in Europe with translations in various languages. Aleksandar Novaković's short stories, satires, poems, reviews, political articles and essays has also been published in newspapers and magazines such as NIN, Književne vertikale, Koraci, Lipar, Reč, Polja, Zbornik Matice srpske, Afirmator, Beton, Povelja, Kvartal, Braničevo and some others. An aphorism of the artist, multiple laureate of twelve literary awards and former member of Aphoristic Circle Belgrade (Beogradski aforističarski krug) shall be cited finally: The truth is somewhere between, just that it is much closer to our side (Istina je negde između, samo što je mnogo bliža našoj strani).

Novaković was an active member of Serbian DiEM25 from June 2016 to June 2021 when he left the movement. In Serbia, Novaković was also one of the prominent members of leftist Partija radikalne levice (Party of Radical Left) and has held several high ranking functions in PRL before he left it in March 2021. He is one of the signatories of a petition in support of the former director of the National Library of Serbia, who was removed from office in 2012 because of political reasons. Among the signatories were personalities such as Filip David, Nenad Prokić, Mirko Đorđević and Biljana Srbljanović. The writer is also signatory of the declaration on the common language of the project languages and nationalisms. The declaration is against political separation of four Serbo-Croatian standard variants that leads to a series of negative social, cultural and political phenomena in which linguistic expression is enforced as a criterion of ethno-national affiliation and as a means of political loyalty in successor states of Yugoslavia. He is one of the founders of Društveni pokret Plamen (Social Movement Flame), the leftist organization founded in November 7th 2021 and writing articles for this movement.

Bibliography (selection)
Theater and film studies
 Kako je Tito razbijao "tikve": istorija zabrane pozorišne predstave "Kad su cvetale tikve" Dragoslava Mihailovića (How Tito did smash the "pumpkins": history of the ban on the theater play "When the pumpkins blossomed" by Dragoslav Mihailović), Narodna knjiga–Alfa, Belgrade 2004, .
Mentalitet i (ne)istoričnost Slovena kao dramatis personae u dramama engleskog govornog područja (1878-1990) (Mentality and (non)historicity of the Slavs as dramatis personae in English written dramas: 1878-1990), Belgrade 2009.
Razbijeno slovensko ogledalo ili Sloveni kao dramatis personae u dramama engleskog govornog područja (A broken Slavic mirror or Slavs as dramatis personae in the drama of the English-speaking area), Mali Nemo, Pančevo 2010, .
Nemci i Austrijanci u srpskoj drami: 1734–1990 (Germans and Austrians in Serbian drama), Požarevac 2016.
Crnogorci u dramama srpskih autora: 1734-1990 (Montenegrins in the dramas of Serbian authors), Zbornik Matice srpska, Novi Sad 2016
 Srbi u američkom filmu (Serbs in American cinema (1925-2023)) Presing Belgrade, 2023
 Stranci u srpskoj drami(1734-1990) (Foreigners in Serbian theatrical plays (1734-1990) Presing Belgrade, 2023

Theater plays
 Sistem (The System), Premiere at National Theater Užice, 2001.
 Zubi (Teeth), Premiere at Serbian National Theater Novi Sad, 2004.
 Aladinova čarobna lampa (Aladdin's Magic Lamp), Premiere at Puppet theatre Pinokio Belgrade, 2007.
 Naš čovjek (Our Man; co-author), Premiere at Hercegnovsko pozorište, Herceg Novi, 2008.

Books of plays
 Bliskost : drame Matrijoška i Zubi (Closeness: dramas Matrioška and Teeth), Matična biblioteka "Svetozar Marković", Zaječar 2007, .
Black Four - Crna četvorka (Zona satire, electronic book, 2007)
 Posle Utopije (After Utopia), Kulturni centar "Ribnica", Kraljevo 2009, .

Books of aphorisms
 Pij Sokrate, država časti (Drink Socrates, A Toast to the State), Matica srpska, Novi Sad 1998.
 Neće moći (It Won't Work), Alma, Belgrade 2006, .
 Malo li je (It's A Little Bit), Alma, Belgrade 2011, .

Poetry
Gitarista na Titaniku (Guitarist on board of RMS Titanic), Društvo za afirmaciju kulture Presing, Mladenovac 2013,  .
Troknjižje (with Marko Bačanović and Patrik Weiss), (Književne vertikale, Belgrade, 2020)
Alkatrazi (Alcatrases) Presing, 2022
 Večnost i jedan dan (Eternity Plus One Day), UNKPS, 2023
Novels
 Glečer (Glacier), Dereta, Belgrade 2007, .
 Keltska priča (Celtic tale), Mali Nemo, Pančevo 2008, .
 Dva u jednom (Two in One), Mali Nemo, Pančevo 2009, .
 Vođa (The Leader), VBZ, Zagreb 2010, .
 Novo Smederevo (New Smederevo), KRR, Belgrade 2016, .
 Gloriosa (The Glorious One), KRR, Belgrade 2017, .
 Anfarwoldeb (The Immortality), KRR, Belgrade 2018, .
 Rada Bayin (Udruženje nezavisnih pisaca Srbije, Belgrade, 2020).
 Dobro nam došle, drugarice iz trikotaže! (We welcome you, comradesses from the sportswear department!) (Udruženje nezavisnih pisaca Srbije, Belgrade, 2021.)
Book of short stories:

Domino efekat (The Domino Effect, Eckermann, e-books, 2023)

Filmography (selection)
 Parobrod Srbija (Steamship Serbia), RTS, screenwriter, political satire, season 2003-2004.
 Get Up You Lazy Bastard, short film, MKC Sistem, Belgrade 2006.
Oralno doba, screenwriter, season 2008.
 Srušeni grad (Ruined City), short film, Belgrade, 2019

Awards (selection)
 Golden Helmet Award (Zlatna kaciga) 1997 for satire
 Politika's Vib Award 1999 for aphorisms, he did not accept the prize at first; he subsequently accepted it in 2001.
 Radio Belgrade's second prize 2003 for radio play
 Josip-Kulundžić-Award 2004 for dramaturgy.
 Mali Nemo Award 2008 for Keltska priča (Celtic tale)
 VBZ Award 2010 for Vođa (The Leader)
 Radio Belgrade's first prize 2011 for radio documentary
 Festival Award of Belgrade's Aphoristic Circle 2017 for best satirical short story

References

1975 births
Living people
University of Belgrade Faculty of Dramatic Arts alumni
Writers from Belgrade
Aphorists
Serbian dramatists and playwrights
Serbian novelists
Serbian male short story writers
Serbian screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Serbian non-fiction writers
Serbian satirists
Serbian male poets
Serbian political activists
Signatories of the Declaration on the Common Language
Dramaturges
Drama teachers
Male non-fiction writers


The Greece national under-17 football team is the Under-17 years of age team of the Greece national football team.

This team is for Greek players aged 17 or under at the start of the UEFA European Under-17 Championship (From 1982 to 2001 it was an Under-16 event).

History

Results and schedule
The following is a list of match results from the previous 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

2023

Euro 2024 Under-17 Championship qualification

2024 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualification

Group 11

Achievements

UEFA European Under-17 Championship
 UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1985 – 2nd place
 UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1991 – 3rd place
 UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 1996 – 4th place
 UEFA European Under-16 Championship: 2000 – 4th place

Players

Current squad

The following players were called up for the 2024 UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualifying round to be played from 25 to 31 October 2023.

Former squads
2019 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads – Greece
2015 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads – Greece
2010 UEFA European Under-17 Championship squads – Greece

See also
Greece national football team
Greece national under-23 football team
Greece national under-21 football team
Greece national under-20 football team
Greece national under-19 football team

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greece_national_under-17_football_team&action=edit

External links
Greece U-17 at HFF
Greece U-17 at UEFA
UEFA European U-17 Championship at uefa.com

European national under-17 association football teams
under
Youth football in Greece


The sword Lobera (, literally: "the wolf-slaying sword") was the symbol of power used by Saint Ferdinand III of Castile, instead of the more traditional rod, and so the king will be depicted with orb and sword in hand.

History
Lobera was the sword of Saint Ferdinand III, King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230, He finished the work done by his maternal grandfather Alfonso VIII of Castile and consolidated the Reconquista. In 1231, he permanently united Castile and León. He was considered an exemplary knight in his time. Pope Innocent IV named him "invincible champion of Jesus Christ". The sword along with Ferdinand's orb and Ferdinand himself are depicted on the crest badge of Sevilla Fútbol Club.

Etymology
Lobera is a Spanish word meaning wolf huntress.

Legend
Don Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena, grandson of King Ferdinand III, wrote in his Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio (1337) ("Book of the examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio"), that Lobera was the sword of Fernán González of Castile (epic hero from the Poem of Fernán González) and a "sword of great virtue". Don Juan Manuel writes that King Ferdinand III, lying on his deathbed, addressed him in these words: "I can bequeath no heritage to you, but I bestow upon you my sword Lobera, that is of passing worth, and wherewith God has wrought much good to me." .

Description
Lobera, forged in steel, has a blade of 80 cm. (31.5 inches) and silver ornaments. It is a relic kept in the Capilla Real at the Seville Cathedral.

References

European swords
European weapons
Medieval European swords
Individual weapons