Varden () is a local newspaper published in Skien, Norway.

History and profile
The newspaper was first established with a test issue on 17 December 1874, with Johan Christian Tandberg Castberg as its first editor-in-chief. It has been published daily since 1895, and in the tabloid format since 2001 Its current editor-in-chief is Lars Kise, who took over from Per Valebrokk in 2008.

Originally, Varden was owned by individual persons. Harald Kristoffersen, its editor-in-chief and owner from 1901, created the limited company AS Varden in 1918. The corporation Orkla Media, later renamed Edda Media, bought the newspaper in 1994, and still has a 100% ownership. Through the publishing company Varden AS, Varden itself has a 100% ownership of the smaller newspapers Kanalen (published in Nome), Kragerø Blad Vestmar (Kragerø) and Telen (Notodden). Varden itself has local offices both in Kragerø and Notodden, as well as in Bamble, Porsgrunn, Kviteseid, Bø and Rjukan.

The leading newspaper in Telemark county for many years, Varden was surpassed by Telemark Arbeiderblad in 1974, only to regain the number one spot in 1988. Telemark Arbeiderblad was later renamed Telemarksavisa, and had a circulation of 22,346.

At the time Varden was established, newspapers in Norway had close ties with political parties. Varden was special in that it changed political allegiance from Liberal to Conservative, in 1953. The ties between political parties and newspapers no longer exist. Today, the newspaper classifies itself as an "independent" newspaper which works to promote a liberal and democratic society with respect for individual rights, social fairness and free enterprise.

Varden had a circulation of 27,341 and 25,859 subscribers.

References

1874 establishments in Norway
Newspapers established in 1874
Daily newspapers published in Norway
Norwegian-language newspapers
Liberal Party (Norway) newspapers
Conservative Party (Norway) newspapers
Mass media in Skien


This article attempts to list pseudoscientific inventions wherein common water is used to either augment or generate a fuel to power an engine, boiler or other source of power. This is not to be confused with legitimate inventions (such as hydroelectricity) in which the kinetic energy of flowing water is used for power.

Electrolysis
The electrolysis of water splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, producing a usable fuel. However, the energy required for electrolysis is greater than the energy released by burning this fuel, so this is not a viable way to manufacture energy. Nonetheless, several people have claimed to create devices that do exactly this.
 Stanley Meyer, who claimed to run a car on water in 1984.
 Charles Frazer, an inventor from Ohio who, in 1918 patented a hydrogen booster which claimed to use electrolysis to increase vehicle power and fuel efficiency while greatly reducing exhaust emissions.
 Daniel Dingel, a Filipino engineer who was involved in water fuel research since 1968. A video interview showed Dingel's Toyota Corolla with an on-board hydrogen water fuel generator. In 2008 he was given a 20-year sentence for fraud.

Submerged gasification
Ruggero Maria Santilli's "Magnegas" recyclers, which use an underwater carbon arc to gasify bio-contaminated liquid into a clean-burning gas.

Transformative claims
Water is claimed to be transformed into a fuel itself, by the addition of some ingredient. This may be either a highly concentrated addition, or a catalyst (i.e. not consumed in use).
 Hongcheng Magic Liquid
 Gasoline pill

See also
 Free energy suppression
 Hydrogen fuel enhancement
 Perpetual motion
 Water fuelled car
 Water injection (engines)

References

Further reading

Sustainable energy
Lists related to renewable energy
Lists of inventions or discoveries


Revolution My A () is a 1970 Danish film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe.

Cast

 Ove Sprogøe - Arthur Antonsen
 Poul Bundgaard - Præsident Jesus Maria Salvadore
 Helle Virkner - Frk. Nyborg
 Helle Hertz - Eva
 Poul Reichhardt - Efterretningschef
 Gotha Andersen - Portier Kubolsky
 Carl Duering - Major Bodenschatz
 Else-Marie - Fru Johansen
 Ejner Federspiel - Taxachauffør
 Poul Glargaard - Galan
 Paul Hagen - Grønthandler
 Caja Heimann
 Lise Henningsen - Bartender
 Knud Hilding - Overbetjent
 Valsø Holm - Hoteldirektør Ludvigsen
 Svend Erik Jensen - Guteraguaner
 Preben Kaas - Gonzales
 Hans Kristensen - Mand, hvis bil bliver ødelagt
 Jesper Langberg - Værnepligtig
 Thorkil Lauritzen - Arrestforvarer Hansen
 Gunnar Lemvigh - Kriminalassistent
 Ernst Meyer - Pakkebudet
 Ole Monty - Overbetjent i arrest
 Kate Mundt
 Georg Nielsen - Guteraguaner
 Kjeld Noack - Guteraguaner
 Bjørn Puggaard-Müller - Diplomat
 André Sallyman - Guteraguaner
 Kirsten Sloth
 Peter Steen - Diplomat
 Gunnar Strømvad - Guteraguaner
 Elga Olga Svendsen
 Poul Thomsen - Luftmarskal

References

External links

1970 films
Danish comedy films
1970s Danish-language films
Films directed by Erik Balling
Films with screenplays by Erik Balling


Robert M. Wurzelbacher Jr. (born 1954) is an American businessman. He served as the senior vice president of American Continental Corporation. He graduated from Boston College. He pleaded guilty to three federal fraud counts in connection with the collapse of the Lincoln Savings and Loan Association and agreed to testify against his father-in-law Charles H. Keating Jr.

References

1954 births
20th-century American businesspeople
American business executives
American fraudsters
Boston College alumni
Living people


The Peninsula Extension which created the Peninsula Subdivision of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) was the new railroad line on the Virginia Peninsula from Richmond to southeastern Warwick County. Its principal purpose was to provide an important new pathway for coal mined in West Virginia to reach the harbor of Hampton Roads for coastal and export shipping on collier ships.

Completed on October 16, 1881, the new double-tracked railroad and the other development visions of industrialist Collis Potter Huntington resulted in a 15-year transition of the rural farm village of Newport News into a new independent city which also became home to the world's largest shipyard. The railroad, one of the later developed in Virginia, became important to many communities, opening transportation options, and stimulating commerce and military operations on the Peninsula throughout the 20th century.

Over 125 years after it opened, many of the stations are gone. Spur lines have both come and gone. Also gone are the steam locomotives, save one on display at Huntington Park in Newport News, another at the Science Museum of Virginia in Richmond, and a third which was left buried in Richmond's Church Hill Tunnel.

Despite the changes, in the early 21st century, the rails of the Peninsula Subdivision continue to form an important link for Amtrak service from Williamsburg and Newport News. High quality bituminous coal was the motivation for originally building the line, and current owner CSX Transportation continues day and night to deliver massive amounts of it to be loaded onto ships destined for points worldwide.

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway

Opening at the outset of the final quarter of the 19th century, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) was the fulfillment of a long-held goal of Virginians.

Many years before the American Revolution, George Washington, a Virginian licensed as a surveyor by the College of William and Mary during the colonial era, identified the importance of a transportation link between the navigable waters flowing to the Atlantic Ocean and those across the Eastern Continental Divide in the Allegheny Mountains which lead to the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico. He had mapped out several potential routes, and in 1785, he been an early investor in a canal venture.

The James River was navigable east from the Fall Line at Richmond and Manchester to Hampton Roads, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean. However, from these sister cities at the head of navigation,  of rapids marked the transition to the Piedmont Region, and only very shallow craft such as bateau boats could navigate portions of the river from that point west. Over  from Richmond, across the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Shenandoah Valley, and what was called the "Transmountaine" region in old Virginia, better known in modern times as the Alleghany Mountains, were the falls of the Kanawha River. They similarly marked the head of navigation, but from the west. From the falls of the Kanawha, ships could follow the river to its confluence with the Ohio River, which in turn, flowed west to the Mississippi River. In the earlier periods during which a transportation link was contemplated, the Colony of Virginia (according to the British and its own calculations) extended all the way to the west to what is now Cairo, Illinois, where the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers join. Of course, transportation was not the only obstacle to developing these western regions, as both the French and the Indians did not see it the same way.

In any event, that  gap in the navigable waters became a major focus for Virginians. By the end of the 18th century, efforts to link these heads of navigation were underway with the building of turnpikes and canals. Work on the James River and Kanawha Turnpike and the James River and Kanawha Canal, both prominent infrastructure improvements, was partially funded by the Virginia General Assembly through the Virginia Board of Public Works, although the canal was never completed. By the 1830s, railroads were emerging as a favorable technology for such purposes, and Virginia's network of turnpikes, canals, and railroads grew, substantially guided by the civil engineering skills of Claudius Crozet. Both railroads and canals had conquered the Blue Ridge Mountains and entered the Shenandoah Valley region when the American Civil War broke out in 1861, bringing new work to a virtual halt. By the end of the War in 1865, many of Virginia's railroads, turnpikes, and canals lay in ruins, although the related debt which had helped fund building them was still outstanding.

After the War, part of Virginia had been subdivided to form the new state of West Virginia. Both states were heavily in debt, but wanted to encourage completion of a rail link to the Ohio River, which they saw as vital to rebuilding and expanding commerce. To do without government funding, the state legislatures of both Virginia and West Virginia tried to attract investors several times in 1866 and 1867. Finally, under a plan offered by the Virginia General Assembly, in 1868, the new project was merged with the extant Virginia Central Railroad, connected Richmond with the westernmost point at the time. The new enterprise was to be known as the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O).

The head of the Virginia Central Railroad was former Confederate General Williams Carter Wickham of Hanover County, Virginia. He was a descendant of several former Virginia governors and the grandson of constitutional lawyer John Wickham, who had set up shop in Richmond after the American Revolutionary War and served as a respected agent of financial interests in England and Scotland. However, in the volatile period of the late 1860s, General Wickham failed in his efforts to secure either southern or British financing as had been hoped. Finally, he journeyed to New York City, where he successfully attracted the interest of industrialist Collis P. Huntington and gained access to the new financing needed.
Huntington had been one of the "Big Four", the men involved in building the Central Pacific portion of the Transcontinental Railroad, which was at that time just reaching completion.

Under the new leadership and financing, during 1869–1873 the hard work of building through West Virginia was done with large crews working from both ends, much in the manner the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad had been built to complete their transcontinental rails.

The final spike ceremony for the  long line from Richmond to the Ohio River was held on January 29, 1873 at Hawks Nest railroad bridge in New River Gorge, near the town of Ansted, West Virginia.

Huntington's vision for the Peninsula
Virginia's long dream for the C&O had been trade with the west, and Huntington's work accomplished that by 1873. However, he and others also realized that the new railroads for the first time offered a practical way to ship coal. The region's high quality bituminous coal had been known to be among West Virginia's vast natural resources, but until now, there had been no way to transport it to markets. The new C&O railroad provided a method of transporting this valuable product out of the mountains and east to Richmond, where ocean-going shipping called. However, one problem they faced was that depth of the channels of the tidal portion of the river to reach Richmond was insufficient to accommodate the draft required by the large colliers.

As a young man in 1837, Collis P. Huntington had visited the rural village known as Newport News Point in Warwick County at the mouth of the James River on the harbor of Hampton Roads. It later became clear that Huntington had never forgotten his 1837 visit to Newport News Point. By the early 1870s, he and his associates began buying up land on the Peninsula, nowhere more intensely than in Warwick County, where their Old Dominion Land Company soon owned enough for a railroad line, a coal pier and even more. In 1873, Major Robert H. Temple surveyed a railway line from Richmond to the mouth of the James River.

Building the Peninsula Extension
To extend the line east to Hampton Roads from the end of the former Virginia Central Railroad at Richmond in the Shockhoe Valley, there was only a single major obstacle: Richmond's Church Hill, occupied by some of the city's older and nicer buildings. From there east, the only significant obstacles across the gentle coastal plains a distance of about  were several rivers and some wetlands down the Peninsula to reach Newport News.

The initial solution to overcoming that major obstacle in Richmond was the Church Hill Tunnel. The tracks to the new tunnel left the old Virginia Central line west of 17th street and curved southeasterly to enter the tunnel east of N. 18th Street and north of E. Marshall Street under Cedar Street. The east end of the  long tunnel appeared just north of today's Williamsburg Road near 31st Street below Libby Terrace Park.

The construction of the Church Hill Tunnel was problematic. Unlike the bedrock through which the C&O carved its western tunnels, in Richmond, the blue marl clay shrink-swell soil tended to change with rainfall and groundwater. There were cave-ins during the construction. Ten workers were reportedly killed. The tunnel was completed and opened in 1875. East of the tunnel, the C&O established its Fulton Yard, with a capacity of thousands of rail cars, a roundhouse to service the steam locomotives, and other support facilities. Planning and right-of-way acquisition for the Peninsula Extension took another 5 years.

From Fulton Yard, after climbing out of the James River Valley, the surveyors generally followed the high ground of the Peninsula between the rivers which border it. As a result, the route selected faced only gentle grades through coastal plains of the Tidewater region of Virginia, dropping only about  in elevation, from Richmond (54 feet above sea-level) to Newport News (at  above sea-level). The new C&O line ran through several American Civil War battlefield areas in eastern Henrico County and then through Charles City County, New Kent County, James City County, York County and Warwick County. It crossed the Chickahominy River south of Bottoms Bridge, Diascund Creek south of Lanexa, and the Warwick River east of Lee Hall.

Construction on the tracks between Richmond and Newport News began in Newport News in December, 1880. In a method used before by Huntington, work also began from Richmond the following February, and crews at each end worked toward each other. The crews met and completed the line  west of Williamsburg on October 16, 1881 although temporary tracks had been installed in some areas to speed completion. This was just in the nick of time because Huntington and his associates had promised they would provide rail service to Yorktown, where the United States was celebrating the centennial of the surrender of the British troops under Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781. (That event was considered most symbolic of the end of the conflict, which was later formalized by the Treaty of Paris in 1783). Only 3 days after the last spike ceremony, on October 19, the first passenger train from Newport News took local residents and national officials to the Cornwallis Surrender Centennial Celebration at Yorktown on temporary tracks which were laid from the main line at the new Lee Hall Depot to Yorktown, and then removed afterward.

New railroad line's impact on the Peninsula
The Peninsula Extension ran directly through Williamsburg, a city whose site had been selected in 1632 for the very reason that it was on the center ridge, or spine, of the land between the adjacent rivers. After the capital of Virginia had moved to Richmond in 1780, Williamsburg had been reduced in prominence. It was not sited on a major water route and in the 18th and early 19th century, transportation in Virginia was largely by navigable rivers and in some cases, canals. A canal project linking the colonial capital city to the James and York rivers had been planned and begun for Williamsburg. However, it was never completed due to the American Revolutionary War. Although new railroads seem to be springing up in many places after 1830, until now, none had come to Williamsburg or the lower Peninsula. Until the coming of the railroad, the areas furthest from the rivers were generally the least-populated, excepting the old colonial capital of Williamsburg.

The Peninsula Extension was good news for the farmers and merchants of the Virginia Peninsula, and they generally welcomed the railroad. Williamsburg allowed tracks to be placed down the main street of town, Duke of Gloucester Street, and even directly through the ruins of the historic capitol building. These tracks did not last long, as some landowners around the Capitol end of the city were upset. So, the C&O main line only went down Duke of Gloucester Street from October 16 to December 13, 1881. After that date, the railroad was realigned to its current state north of Williamsburg. The leaders of Elizabeth City County and Warwick County even adjusted their mutual boundary slightly to allow the railroad to be completely within Warwick County at one location.

Although the main business purpose was unquestionably shipping eastbound coal to Newport News, the C&O dutifully established freight and passenger stations at frequent intervals along the way. In addition to many small depots, larger facilities were located at Providence Forge, Williamsburg, and at Lee Hall. At Newport News, an ornate Victorian style passenger station was built right on the waterfront.

Hampton Branch: east to Phoebus, Fort Monroe
No sooner had the tracks to the coal pier at Newport News been completed in late 1881 than the same construction crews were put to work on what would later be called the Peninsula Subdivision's Hampton Branch. From a junction with the main line a few miles west of the coal pier which was named Old Point Junction, work began easterly a distance of about  into Elizabeth City County toward Hampton and Old Point Comfort, where the U.S. Army base at Fort Monroe was a fortress situated to guard the entrance to the harbor of Hampton Roads from the Chesapeake Bay (and the Atlantic Ocean).

The tracks were completed about  to the town which became Phoebus in December 1882. A passenger and freight station was opened. When the town was incorporated as a political subdivision of Virginia in 1900, it was named Phoebus in honor of its leading citizen, Harrison Phoebus, who is largely credited with prevailing upon the railroad to build the branch line to Old Point Comfort.

From Phoebus, an extension across Mill Creek to reach Fort Monroe required a  long trestle and was not completed until 1890. At that time, a passenger and freight facilities were also added. On the base, the U.S. Army built connecting tracks and operated its own locomotive for a number of years.

At Old Point Comfort, in addition to the Army base at Fort Monroe, the Hampton Branch served both the older Hygeia Hotel and the new Hotel Chamberlin, popular destinations for civilians. During the first half of the 20th century, excursion trains were operated to reach nearby Buckroe Beach, where an amusement park was among the attractions that brought church groups and vacationers.

Newport News
No place on the Peninsula benefited more from the completion of the C&O's Peninsula Subdivision than southeastern Warwick County, soon to become better known as Newport News. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway became one of the country's wealthiest as West Virginia coal moved eastward to the coal piers. The coal volume of the C&O, combined with that of the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) shipping from Lambert's Point and that of the later-completed Virginian Railway (VGN) at Sewell's Point turned the harbor of Hampton Roads, the East Coast of the United States' largest ice-free port, into the largest coal export point in the world by 1915.

Collis P. Huntington and his associates set developing the tiny unincorporated community at Newport New Point. His Old Dominion Land Company built the landmark Hotel Warwick, opened in 1883, which played a significant role in the development of the city. The hotel dominated the landscape, and was the civic and commercial center of the area during its early years. The first bank at Newport News, the first newspaper, the U.S. post office, the federal customs office, and even the municipal government of Warwick County were each located within the Hotel Warwick, at least for a time. It was also the site in 1886 of the organizational meeting for the Chesapeake Dry Dock and Construction Company. The latter evolved into the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company.

For a brief time, Warwick County shifted the location of its county seat to Newport News from the historic location at Denbigh, where it had been situated since colonial times. However, the growth at Newport News was such that, in 1896, it became one of only two Virginia localities to ever become an independent city from Warwick County without the additional stepping-stone of first becoming an incorporated town. (In the aftermath of that event, the county seat was returned to Denbigh. However, in 1958, voters of both communities chose to reunite, consolidating Newport News with the rest of the former county into an even bigger single independent city, one of the largest in Virginia in land area.)

Communities, locations over the years
During its more than 125-year existence, the Peninsula Subdivision has continued to serve coal and passenger traffic, now operated by CSX Transportation and Amtrak. In earlier times, it was an important factor in commerce and growth of some of the communities it has served, as well as for the United States military, particularly during World War I and World War II when the C&O was invaluable to the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation.

Richmond

In the 1890s, the C&O acquired the Richmond and Allegheny Railroad (R&A) which had been built east from the Blue Ridge Mountains along the towpath of the James River and Kanawha Canal, proving an alternate "water level" route to Richmond following the north bank of the James River.

To create a good connection to the existing line at Fulton yard, and as an added benefit, avoid the troublesome Church Hill tunnel, the C&O constructed a 3-mile-long double track elevated viaduct along the riverfront extending between the area of Hollywood Cemetery east past downtown Richmond, the Shockoe Valley, and Church Hill to join the Peninsula Subdivision at Fulton Yard (east of the tunnel). At the same time, a new Main Street Station was built for passenger services adjacent to the viaduct. Both the landmark Main Street Station and the viaduct, believed to be the longest in the United States, were still in use as of 2008.

After completion of the riverfront viaduct in 1901, the Church Hill Tunnel fell into disuse for over 20 years. Then in 1925, to add capacity, the railroad began efforts to restore it to usable condition.  On October 2, while repairs were under way, a work train was trapped by a collapse near the western end. Two workmen crawled under flat cars and escaped out the eastern end of the tunnel, and two bodies including the engineer's were recovered, but two other workers were unaccounted for. During the next week, the community anxiously watched rescue efforts, but each time progress was made, further cave-ins occurred. Eventually, the Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC), which regulated railroads in Virginia, ordered the tunnel sealed for safety reasons. Left inside was the work train complete with a 4-4-0 steam locomotive Over the years, portions of the tunnel have collapsed, once claiming several houses.

The circa-1901 Main Street Station was reopened to Amtrak passenger service in 2004. Expanded use as an intermodal facility for additional passenger trains and local transit bus service is planned.

Penniman
In 1916, the E.I. DuPont Nemours company announced that it would develop a large black powder and shell-loading plant facility six miles northeast of Williamsburg in York County. The plant as built was large enough to have ten thousand employees.

The new plant and the new town for the workers and families were named Penniman. At its peak, Penniman had housing for 15,000, and included dormitories, a store, a post office, bank, police station, church, YWCA, YMCA, Mess Halls canteen, and a hospital.

The C&O built a spur track on the Peninsula Subdivision from a point about  east of Williamsburg (mp 33) to Penniman. The C&O depot at Penniman opened on June 1, 1916. By the fall of 1918, Penniman was a town of about fifteen thousand inhabitants, and there were three passenger trains a day each way between Williamsburg and Penniman.
After World War I, the area was largely abandoned, and then placed into use again in World War II under the name Cheatham Annex as a supply depot for the U.S. Navy. Rail service became inactive, and grade crossings along the spur line at the State Route 143 (Merrimack Trail) and several other points were removed in 2008.

Camp Peary
During World War II, beginning in 1942, the U.S. Navy took over a large area on the north side of the Virginia Peninsula in York County which became known as Camp Peary, initially for use as a Seabee training base. The C&O extended a spur track from its main line tracks to the site and established Magruder Station near the former unincorporated town of Magruder.

The spur tracks were later removed. A portion of the old right-of-way which is not located on federal property now forms a rail trail in Waller Mill Park.

Fort Eustis
The Fort Eustis Military Railroad is a United States Army rail transportation system existing entirely within the post boundaries of the United States Army Transportation Center and Fort Eustis (USATCFE), Fort Eustis, Virginia. It has served to provide railroad operation and maintenance training to the US Army and to carry out selected materiel movement missions both within the post and in interchange with the Peninsula Subsdivision via a junction at Lee Hall. It consists of  of track broken into three subdivisions with numerous sidings, spurs, stations and facilities.

Oyster Point
The station at Oyster Point in Warwick County became a shipping point for the area's watermen during the years of extensive oyster harvesting. Although oystering has dwindled greatly in the years since, Oyster Point, now within the City of Newport News, became the site for a new city center development. The Oyster Point City Center, developed as a New Urbanism project, has been touted as the new "downtown" because of its new geographic centrality in the area.

Norge

Beginning in the 1890s, C&O land agent Carl M. Bergh, a Norwegian-American who had earlier farmed in the mid-western states, realized that the gentler climate of eastern Virginia and depressed post-Civil War land prices would be attractive to his fellow Scandinavians who were farming in other northern parts of the country. He began sending out notices, and selling land. Soon there was a substantial concentration of relocated Americans of Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish descent in the area. The location earlier known as Vaiden's Siding on the railroad just west of Williamsburg in James City County was renamed Norge. These citizens and their descendants found the area conditions favorable as described by Bergh, and many became leading merchants, tradespersons, and farmers in the community. These transplanted Americans brought some new blood and enthusiasm to the old colonial capitol area.

The railroad has such community significance to Norge many generations later that, in February, 2006, the historic Norge railroad station building (circa 1908) of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway was relocated about  to a site adjacent to the James City County Branch of the Williamsburg Regional Library on Croaker Road. Community volunteers set to work providing a new foundation and restoring the exterior, with additional improvements set for the future. A community project, the local Virginia Gazette newspaper reported that in January 2009, following historical research, the Norge Station had been repainted in its original livery, featuring a bright orange as the primary color.

The former C&O station from Ewell also survives, and is in an adaptive reuse. However, the other James City County stations which were located at Diascund, Toano, Kelton (Lightfoot) and Grove are all gone without a trace.

Williamsburg
In Williamsburg, a number of years before the Restoration, the C&O tracks initially ran down Duke of Gloucester Street and through the grounds of the former Capitol at the eastern end. In 1907, the C&O replaced its passenger station with a fine brick colonial style structure to accommodate the patrons of the tercentennial (300th anniversary) of the founding of Jamestown in 1607. Around this time, the ladies of Williamsburg who were among the early organizers of the group which became Preservation Virginia (formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) successfully prevailed upon the Old Dominion Land Company to turn over ownership of the capital historic site.

Beginning in 1926, Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin led a campaign to preserve and restore Williamsburg's colonial-era properties. He was successful in gaining the interest and financial support of philanthropists Abby Aldrich Rockefeller and her husband, Standard Oil heir John D. Rockefeller Jr. The Rockefellers made historic Bassett hall at Williamsburg their second home for several months each year, and took substantial interest in details of "The Restoration" which created Colonial Williamsburg. Partially on the key property donated to the APVA by Dominion Land Company, a major centerpiece, the brick Capitol was recreated, as well as dozens of other buildings.

As part of the project to recreate the Governor's Palace, in 1935, the 1907 C&O station was replaced with an even finer one located about a half mile west of the original site. Later owned by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, the 1935 structure itself has been carefully maintained and modernized and serves as the intermodal Williamsburg Transportation Center, offering one of the more complete range of services of its type in the country.

Lee Hall

Lee Hall, the westernmost station in Warwick County, was named for the nearby mansion of Richard Decatur Lee. During the 1862 Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War, it served as the headquarters of Confederate General John B. Magruder. A tiny village which came to be known as Lee Hall, Virginia developed after the railroad opened and built the Lee Hall Depot.

Lee Hall Depot became a bustling railroad station after the 1918 establishment nearby of Camp Abraham Eustis, later renamed Fort Eustis  at Mulberry Island. The depot was strategically located along the mainline midway between Skiffe's Creek and the Warwick River and was close to the access point to the base. Lee Hall Depot handled heavy troop movements during both World Wars.

In 2009, the station was moved 165 feet, across CSX-owned tracks, to prevent it from being demolished by CSX. The building was reopened as a local history museum in July, 2021.

As of 2022, the Lee Hall Depot is the only surviving C&O structure of its type on the Peninsula and the only surviving C&O station which was located in Warwick County, the others were formerly located at Oriana, Oyster Point, Morrison, and Newport News.

CSX Ownership

The Peninsula Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. State of Virginia. It was formerly part of the CSX Huntington East Division. It became part of the CSX Florence Division on June 20, 2016. The line runs from Newport News, Virginia to Richmond, Virginia for a total of . At its east end the line dead-ends, and at its west end in Richmond, the line continues west as the Rivanna Subdivision with connections to the Bellwood Subdivision and the Buckingham Branch Railroad.

References

External links
Chesapeake and Ohio Historical Society
Richmond Public Library newspaper archives
Richmond Then and Now website
National Railway Historical Society
US Army Transportation Center and Fort Eustis
US Army Transportation Museum

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
James River (Virginia)
Transportation in Richmond, Virginia
Transportation in Henrico County, Virginia
Transportation in Charles City County, Virginia
Transportation in New Kent County, Virginia
Transportation in James City County, Virginia
Transportation in York County, Virginia
Williamsburg, Virginia
Transportation in Newport News, Virginia
Transportation in Hampton, Virginia


Ballade på Christianshavn is a 1971 Danish family comedy film directed by Erik Balling, and starring Poul Reichhardt. Karl Stegger won a Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role as caretaker Frederiksen.

Cast

 Poul Reichhardt – Flyttemand Olsen
 Helle Virkner – Fru Olsen
 Jes Holtsø – William Olsen
 Paul Hagen – Dyrehandler Clausen
 Lis Løwert – Fru Clausen
 Kirsten Walther – Karla
 Willy Rathnov – Egon
 Ove Sprogøe – Hr. Larsen
 Arthur Jensen – Vicevært Meyer
  – Rikke
  – Tue
 Bodil Udsen – Emma fra 'Rottehullet'
 Bjørn Watt-Boolsen – Alfred
 Poul Bundgaard – Direktør Hallandsen
 Bjørn Puggaard-Müller – Advokat Thomsen
 Ghita Nørby – Frk. Hansen
 Asbjørn Andersen – Departementchef Schwartz
 Karl Stegger – Vicevært Frederiksen
 Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt – Bankdirektør Ludvigsen
 Jørgen Beck – Henriksen
 Knud Hilding – Postbudet
 Gunnar Strømvad – Krølle
 Freddy Koch – Dideriksen
  – Mand fra belysningsvæsenet
  – Veninde til frk. Hansen
  – Vagt
 Erni Arneson – Sekretær for Ludvigsen
  – Ansat i Boliganvisningen

References

External links

1970 films
Danish comedy films
1970s Danish-language films
Films directed by Erik Balling
Films with screenplays by Erik Balling


Général Armand Pinsard (28 May 1887 – 10 May 1953), Chevalier, Officer, Commander, and Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur, Croix de Guerre with 19 palms, Médaille militaire, British Military Cross, Italian Military Medal, Moroccan Medal, was a World War I fighter ace credited with 27 victories. He remained in the French air service through World War II, rising to the rank of general.

Life before World War I

Armand Pinsard was born in Nercillac, Department of Charente, in the cognac country of France. He joined the military in 1906 and fought in Morocco as a cavalryman in 2nd Regiment de Spahis. He was decorated there with the Moroccan Medal. He then transferred to aviation in May 1912, becoming one of the rare professional military men to become a prewar pilot. He trained as a pilot at Chateau Fort on a Borel pusher two seater aircraft, and proved to be a natural.

He was awarded the Médaille militaire for his performance flying a Morane in the French army maneuvers of 1913. He was assigned to MS 23 when World War I broke out.

World War I service

At the outbreak of war, Pinsard was a sergeant major. In September 1914, he was promoted to adjutant and received his first citation. In October, he participated in a bombing raid that attempted to kill the German Kaiser. He was commissioned in November 1914 because of this bombing raid. It was about this time that he pioneered the use of an aircraft to place an espionage agent behind enemy lines, an act that brought him a second citation.

On 8 February 1915 he fell into German hands and was held prisoner of war when his plane was forced down behind German lines. It took him a month to recover from injuries received in the accident. Thirteen months and several attempts later, Pinsard tunneled under a  prison wall to freedom on 26 March 1916. It took him another two weeks to cross the lines into neutral Switzerland and to repatriate himself on 10 April.

His reward for his daring escape was retraining as a fighter pilot and an assignment to France's foremost fighter squadron, Les Cigognes. By July 1916, he was flying a Nieuport with Squadron N26. On 7 August, in a pioneering close air support role, he made no fewer than six firing passes on German troops attempting to counterattack a French unit. Then he and his three wingmen went on to strafe a train loaded with German troops. He was made a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur for this action.

On 1 November 1916, he opened his victory roll in air combat. After a winter's layoff, he resumed his winning way on 23 January 1917, flying as Commanding Officer of Squadron N78. He became an ace on 6 March, and would continue to fly Nieuports into battle until his 16th victory on 5 June 1917.

Just one week later, Pinsard crashed and suffered serious injuries. He would be confined to hospital for several months. Upon his recovery, he was appointed commanding officer of Squadron Spa23. Pinsard was entrusted with the first Spad VII fighter to see combat, on 23 August 1917. He painted it black and entitled it, Revanche IV ("Revenge IV").

He picked up his victory skein with his 17th triumph on 20 February 1918. With his next win, on 4 May, he began a string that saw him down nine observation balloons in his final decade of wins. Rather remarkably, he had help downing only one of the heavily defended gasbags. His 27th victory came on 22 August 1918. Just eight days later, on 30 August 1918, he was appointed an Officer of the Légion d'honneur. Pinsard ended the war as a much-decorated captain.

Between the wars

Pinsard remained in the Aeronautique Militaire after World War I. In 1925 he became a Commander of the Légion d'honneur. He served in the 34th Aviation Regiment from at least December 1929 through June 1932, mentoring a future ace, Camille Plubeau.

In 1937, he ascended to the top of the Légion d'honneur as a Grand Officer. Also in 1937, he once again met film maker Jean Renoir; Pinsard had once shot down a German Fokker that had been attacking Renoir's aircraft. Renoir based the main character of his movie La Grande Illusion on Pinsard. Ironically, the movie is considered one of the great anti-war movies of all time.

World War II and beyond

Pinsard began World War II commanding Groupe de Chasse (fighter group) 21. His personal plane, a Morane Saulnier 406, was painted all black and nicknamed "The Pirate." He had just returned from a mission in it when a German bombing raid upon their airfield on 6 June 1940 wounded him so severely that his leg had to be amputated.

Despite this wounding, after the war was over, Pinsard was convicted of collaboration with the Nazis and sentenced to life imprisonment. He had served as Inspector-General of the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism, which had served with the Nazis on the Eastern Front. However, in 1946, his sentence was commuted to 10 years. He was released from prison in 1947, and had his pension reinstated in 1948. Pinsard's son, Jacques, who'd enrolled in the Milice in 1944, was also tried for collaboration, but fled to Argentina. He died in a road accident in 1947.

Pinsard died during a dinner in Paris that he was attending that was sponsored by a group of flying veterans. He was buried in Ceyzériat, Department of Ain.

Awards and decorations

Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur

"Has shown, under particularly difficult circumstances, exceptional energy and tenacity. Posted to an escadrille de chasse, at his request, he has had numerous combats during the course of which his plane was riddled by bullets. On 7 August 1916, during an infantry attack, he made six strafing runs from a height of 200 meters as German reserves massed for a counter attack. Already cited twice."

Officier de la Légion d'honneur

"Incomparable escadrille commander, and at the same time an admirable pilot. Constant example of self-denial, spirit and sacrifice, a model of bravery, audacity and strength. Possesses the highest qualities of a leading pilot. Seriously wounded in 1917, he returned to take his place at the front and continue his glorious exploits, bringing his total to 25 victories. Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur for feats of war, cited 13 times in army orders."

References
Notes

Bibliography
 Driggs, Laurence La Tourette (1918). Heroes of Aviation.  Little, Brown, and Company.
 Franks, Norman (2000).Nieuport Aces of World War 1. Osprey Publishing. .
 Franks, Norman and Frank Bailey (2008). OVER THE FRONT: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918. Grub Street Publishing. .
 Guttman, Jon and Harry Dempsey (2001). SPAD VII Aces of World War I. Osprey Publishing. .
 — (2005) Balloon-Busting Aces of World War 1. Osprey Publishing. .
 Ketley, Barry (1999).French Aces of World War 2. Osprey Publishing. .

External links
 (fr) List of victories and color profiles of his planes

1887 births
1953 deaths
People from Charente
Recipients of the Military Cross
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
French generals
French World War I flying aces
French military personnel of World War II
French prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People convicted of indignité nationale
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by France
Recipients of French presidential pardons
Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism personnel


Horton Bay may refer to:

Horton Bay, Michigan, United States, a census-designated place
Horton Beach, Wales


Ordos Mongolian (also Urdus; Mongolian ; Chinese 鄂尔多斯 È'ěrduōsī) is a variety of Central Mongolic spoken in the Ordos City region in Inner Mongolia and historically by Ordos Mongols. It is alternatively classified as a language within the Mongolic language family or as a dialect of the standard Mongolian language. Due to the research of Antoine Mostaert, the development of this dialect can be traced back 100 years.

The Ordos vowel-phoneme system in word-initial syllables is similar to that of Chakhar Mongolian, the most notable difference being that it has [e] and [e:] instead of [ə] and [ə:]. In southern varieties,  merged into , e.g. while you still say  in Ejin Horo Banner, it has become  in Uxin or the Otog Front Banner. In contrast to the other dialects of Mongolian proper, it retains this distinction in all following syllables including in open word-final syllables, thus resembling the syllable and phoneme structure of Middle Mongolian more than any other Mongolian variety. E.g. MM  Ordos  Khalkha  'mouth', Ordos  Khalkha  () 'short; short sheep's wool'. Accordingly, it could never acquire palatalized consonant phonemes. Due to their persistent existence as short non-initial phonemes,  and  have regressively assimilated *ø and *o, e.g. * >  'star',  >  'offence',  >  'power'. An analogous change took place for some sequences of *a and *u, e.g. *arasu > .

Ordos retains a variant of the old comitative case and shares the innovated directive case. The verb system is not well researched, but employs a notable innovated suffix, , that does not seem to adhere to the common division into three Mongolic verb suffix classes.

The lexicon of Ordos is that of a normal Mongolian dialect, with some Tibetan and Chinese loanwords.

References

Bibliography

 Mostaert, Antoine (1937): Textes oraux ordos. Peiping: The Catholic University.
 Mostaert, Antoine (1941–1944): Dictionnaire ordos, vols. 1-3. Peiping: The Catholic University.
 Sečen, Č. (2003): Ordus aman ayalɣun-daki öbürmiče uruɣul-un ǰokičal buyu iǰilsil  + ,  + -yin tuqai. In: Mongγul kele udq-a ǰokiyal 2003/5: 33–36.
 Sečen, Č., M. Baγatur, Sengge (2002): Ordus aman ayalγun-u sudulul. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a.
 Sečenbaγatur, Qasgerel, Tuyaγ-a, B. ǰirannige, U Ying ǰe (2005): Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a. .
 Sonum (2008): Ordus aman ayalγun-u üges-ün quriyangγui. Nemen ǰasaγsan debter. Beijing: Ündüsüten-ü keblel-ün qoriy-a.
 Soyultu, I. (1982):Ordus-un aman ayalγun-u -u daγaburi. Öbür mongγul-un yeke surγaγuli 1982/2: 29–43.
 Georg, Stefan: Ordos. In: J. Janhunen (ed.): The Mongolic Languages. London: Routledge. , pp. 193-209.

Agglutinative languages
Mongolic languages
Central Mongolic languages
Ordos City


Patrick Tierney (24 April 1904 – 29 September 1990) was an Irish Labour Party politician. A farmer before entering politics, he was elected to the 8th Seanad on the Labour Panel in 1954. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Labour Party Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary North constituency at the 1957 general election. He was re-elected at the 1961 and 1965 general elections. He did not contest the 1969 general election.

References

1904 births
1990 deaths
Labour Party (Ireland) TDs
Members of the 8th Seanad
Members of the 16th Dáil
Members of the 17th Dáil
Members of the 18th Dáil
Politicians from County Tipperary
Labour Party (Ireland) senators
Labour Panel senators


Tomorrow My Love () is a 1971 Danish drama film directed by Finn Karlsson and starring Lykke Nielsen.

Cast
 Lykke Nielsen - Isabel
 Kirsten Peüliche - Marca
 Morten Grunwald - David
 Jesper Langberg - Michael
 Pernille Grumme - Gerd
 Erni Arneson - Isabels mor
 Preben Mahrt - Isabels far
 Poul Petersen - Marcas far
 Bo Bonfils - Gustav
 Helge Scheuer - Boghandler
 Erik Dibbern - Kunde i boghandel
 Niels Andersen - Løjtnant
 Pernille Skov - Pige på vaskeri
 Erik Larsen - Portner
 Esben Høilund Carlsen - Scenograf
 Knud Larsen - Scenearbejder
 Poul Reichhardt - Skuespiller

External links

1971 films
1970s Danish-language films
1971 drama films
Danish drama films


Yitzhak Galanti (; 12 February 1937 – 25 June 2012) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Gil between 2006 and 2009.

Biography
Born in Damascus in Syria, Galanti made aliyah to Mandatory Palestine on 5 May 1945. In 1981 he gained a BA in geography and political science from the University of Haifa. Nine years later he was awarded an MA in geology and archaeology at the same university.

In the 2006 elections he was placed fifth on Gil's list, and entered the Knesset as the party won seven seats. He headed the party's parliamentary group as chairman, and chaired the Knesset's Labour, Welfare and Health committee.

He lost his seat in the 2009 elections when the party failed to cross the electoral threshold.

Galanti lived in Nesher, and was divorced with three children.

References

External links

1937 births
Politicians from Damascus
Syrian Jews
Syrian emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
University of Haifa alumni
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
2012 deaths
Dor (political party) politicians
Jews from the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Israeli people of Syrian-Jewish descent


Sillosuchus is a genus of shuvosaurid poposauroid archosaur that lived in South America during the Late Triassic period. Shuvosaurids were an unusual family of reptiles belonging to the group Poposauroidea; although their closest modern relatives are crocodilians, they were bipedal and lightly armored, with dinosaur-like hip and skull structures. Based on skull remains from members of the family such as Effigia, they were also toothless and likely beaked herbivores.

Discovery and naming
The holotype specimen of Sillosuchus, PVSJ 85, is a partial skeleton discovered in sediments of the Ischigualasto Formation, Cancha de Bochas Member in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina. The skeleton includes various vertebrae, ribs, and pelvic (hip) bones. A shoulder girdle, humerus (upper arm bone), and partial tibiae (inner shin bones) were also associated with the skeleton but not featured in the original description of the specimen.

The generic name refers to Dr. William Sill, and suchus, from the Greek word meaning "crocodile". The specific name, longicervix, refers to the elongated cervical vertebrae of the genus. Later studies have shown that, while the neck of Sillosuchus was long compared to most pseudosuchians, this trait was par for the course for shuvosaurids. A reconstruction of the fossil was presented in 2008 by the National University of San Juan in Argentina, in an homage to Dr. William Dudley Sill who was an important promoter of paleontology in San Juan. Sillosuchus is the only named genus of bipedal poposauroid currently known from outside North America. Other bipedal poposauroids included the related shuvosaurids Shuvosaurus and Effigia, as well as the carnivorous Poposaurus.

Description

The individual of Sillosuchus to which the original specimen belonged had an estimated length of about . However, other remains could possibly indicate that it could grow much larger. Most notable among additional remains was the possible specimen, PVL 2472, an isolated cervical (neck vertebra) initially misidentified as belonging to the giant quadrupedal predator Saurosuchus, a distant relative of Sillosuchus. This bone was  long, while cervicals from the holotype were only  long. Using its more complete relatives to estimate length, this possibly belonged to a Sillosuchus that was  in length. This would indicate that Sillosuchus was among the largest terrestrial pseudosuchians (crocodilian-line archosaurs) if PVL 2472 is a specimen of Sillosuchus.

Sillosuchus had several unique features compared to its relatives. The neck and back vertebrae had large excavations or pockets on the side, an unusual trait that assisted paleontologists in assigning the giant cervical vertebra to Sillosuchus rather than Saurosuchus. The left and right ischia (rear-pointing hip bones) were short and fused to each other. They were also flattened in a dorsoventral (top-to-bottom) direction, unlike the case in most other reptiles in which they were flattened in a mediolateral (side-to-side) direction. Otherwise, the hip is practically identical to that of Effigia and Shuvosaurus (also sometimes known as "Chatterjeea").

References

Poposauroids
Carnian genera
Late Triassic reptiles of South America
Triassic Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Ischigualasto Formation
Fossil taxa described in 1997
Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera


The Olsen Gang's Big Score () is a 1972 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe. The film was the fourth in the Olsen-banden-series.

Cast

Ove Sprogøe as Egon Olsen
Morten Grunwald as Benny Frandsen
Poul Bundgaard as Kjeld Jensen
Kirsten Walther as Yvonne Jensen
Arthur Jensen as Kongen
Poul Reichhardt as Knægten
Jesper Langberg as Mortensen
Bjørn Watt-Boolsen as Politichefen
Helle Virkner as Højesteretssagførerens hustru
Asbjørn Andersen as Højesteretssagfører
Jes Holtsø as Børge Jensen
Annika Persson as Sonja
Gotha Andersen as Bademesteren
Gert Bastian as Bankchauffør
Jørgen Beck as Overtjener på hotel
Edward Fleming as Lufthavnsbetjent
Poul Glargaard as Pilot
Poul Gregersen as Bassist
Børge Møller Grimstrup as Værkfører
Tage Grønning as 2. violin
Gunnar Hansen as Kommentator ved fodboldkamp (voice)
Ove Verner Hansen as Købmanden
Knud Hilding as Betjent
Kay Killian as Pianist
Anton Kontra as 1. violin
Bertel Lauring as Tjener på hotel
Ernst Meyer as Bankfunktionær
Jens Okking as Køkkenmester
Søren Rode as Fremmedarbejder
Claus Ryskjær as Ekspedient i tøjforretning
Bjørn Spiro as Bankchauffør
Karl Stegger as Tjener
Søren Strømberg as TV-speaker
Solveig Sundborg as Nabokonen
Bent Thalmay as Bud fra pelsfirma
Poul Thomsen as Pilot
Bent Vejlby as Lufthavnsbetjent
Holger Vistisen as Receptionist på hotel
Bent Warburg as TV-regissør
Henrik Wiehe as Mand i fly

References

External links

1972 films
1972 comedy films
Danish comedy films
1970s Danish-language films
Films directed by Erik Balling
Films with screenplays by Erik Balling
1970s heist films
Olsen-banden films


Kris Meeke (born 2 July 1979) is a British professional rally driver from Northern Ireland, best known for competing in the FIA World Rally Championship (WRC). He was the 2009 Intercontinental Rally Challenge champion. His co-driver is Seb Marshall
. He began his career as a Computer Aided Designer with M-Sport, at the headquarters of the Ford World Rally Team, before moving on to competing in the Peugeot Super 106 Cup in 2001.

In 2011, Meeke debuted in the World Rally Championship driving a MINI for Prodrive. His first event was the Rally d'Italia Sardegna which was held between 5–8 May. Meeke scored his first WRC points and won the Power Stage at the 2011 Rally Catalunya. His maiden WRC win was at the 2015 Rally Argentina.

Career
Meeke, son of rally engineer Sydney Meeke, was born in Dungannon, Northern Ireland and educated at the Royal School Dungannon. He later went on to study at Queen's University, Belfast, where he obtained a degree in mechanical engineering. He initially worked for M-Sport as a computer aided designer. He took his first step into rallying in 2000, when he won a Peugeot competition for new rally drivers.

His debut event was the Bulldog Rally held in North Wales, even leading the event for a time. After mixed results, his first victory came on the third round of the 2001 Peugeot Super 106 Cup, the Swansea Bay Festival National Rally. In early 2002, Meeke's career was boosted when he was taken under the wing of the late Colin McRae and contested the British Junior Championship in a Ford Puma. In June, Meeke won in his category in the Scottish Rally after a calculated drive overseen by McRae, and took second on the Jim Clark Rally, his first full tarmac event. Third position in the final round of the series was however enough for Meeke to claim the British Junior Rally Championship title in only his second season in the sport, as well as third in the British S1600 series.

Junior World Rally Championship
The following year, Meeke moved up to the Junior World Rally Championship (JWRC), driver an Opel Corsa run by Team Palmer. He made an impressive debut setting the fastest time on two of the final leg stages however a string of minor problems dropped Meeke down the order. He retired in the next rally and a potential second-place finish in Italy was lost after a crash. Shortly afterwards he claimed consolation by winning the British S1600 title. On the final round of the 2003 JWRC held in Britain, Meeke was running in 2nd place in the JWRC and in 17th position overall before being forced to retire after hitting a rock and rolling his car.

Meeke kicked the 2004 season off in style by finishing 3rd in class in the Rally of Monte Carlo. He then took part in the British S1600 event in Wales as a shakedown for the next JWRC in Greece, winning the Welsh event along the way. The next two JWRC events in Greece and Turkey were marred by mechanical problems on the rough gravel terrain. He then took part in the Pirelli Rally in Tampere as shakedown for the next JWRC event in Finland, scoring a class win in Pirelli Rally. He was leading the Finnish JWRC event before a mistake caused him to crash and retire. A spirited drive saw him set seven fastest stage times and finish on the podium in second place.

Intercontinental Rally Challenge

In 2009, Meeke alongside co-driver Paul Nagle contested the Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) in a Peugeot UK backed 207 S2000, run by the Belgian Kronos Racing team. He crashed out heavily on the Monte Carlo Rally but went on to win the next three rounds he competed in at Brazil, Portugal, and Belgium. He won the championship at the penultimate round by winning Rally Sanremo in Italy, after his closest rival Jan Kopecky crashed on the second stage.

Meeke finished off the season with a dominant win of the inaugural Rally Scotland, winning 7 of the 13 stages on the way to victory. He starred in a wave of adverts for the Peugeot 207 in 2009, with the tagline "He's Meeke, but he's not mild". For 2010, Meeke continued his successful partnership with Paul Nagle and Peugeot, competing in 10 rounds of the IRC.

World Rally Championship

Mini (2011)
On 2 September 2010, Autosport magazine announced that Meeke had signed for the Prodrive team that would run MINI World Rally Championship (WRC) return in 2011. Meeke scored his first WRC points and won the Power Stage at the 2011 Rally Catalunya. Meeke came close to gaining his maiden podium at the final round of the season, the 2011 Rally GB but spun on the Power Stage allowing Henning Solberg to take third place.

Meeke appeared in an edition of the BBC show Top Gear in a challenge similar to that of Henning Solberg driving a rally car against the Norwegian Olympic Bobsleigh team. Meeke rallied a Mini John Cooper Works WRC on a downhill snow track in a race against skeleton competitor Amy Williams at the Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track. Williams raced down the bobsleigh track whilst Meeke's route ran downhill alongside. With Top Gear presenter James May as his "co-driver," Meeke set a time of 59.73 in the Mini, beating Williams who finished with a time of 1:01.04.

On 22 December 2011, Meeke was dropped from the Mini WRC Team for the following month's Monte Carlo Rally in a crisis within the Prodrive-run team over budget for the 2012 season.

Citroën (2013–2018)
Meeke returned to the WRC in the 2013 Rally Finland, driving for the Abu Dhabi Citroën Total World Rally Team as a stand in for Khalid Al Qassimi.

Meeke was running comfortably in fifth place and set for an impressive points earning finish on his WRC return before rolling in the final section of the penultimate stage of the rally. Meeke would once again drive a Citroën DS3 WRC in September during the 2013 Rally Australia taking the place of works driver Dani Sordo.
After completing his first full season in 2014 in the Citroën team, Meeks finished 7th in the standings with 4 podiums to his name. He remained with Citroën for 2015 alongside Mads Ostberg, with Sebastian Loeb also joining him in Monte Carlo. In Monte he finished 10th, winning 3 stages in the rally and the power stage among them. He won his maiden rally in Argentina, ending a 13-year drought of British winners of a WRC event. After winning, dedicated his win to 1995 World Champion Colin McRae, who supported him during his career until McRae's death in a helicopter crash in 2007. At the end of the 2015 season, Meeke finished 5th in the standings, just behind teammate Mads Ostberg, with 112 points to his name. On 16 December it was announced that Meeke would have a 3-year contract with Citroën, up until the end of 2018.

It was announced that Meeke would only compete in eight rounds in the 2016 season, in order to focus on development of the Citroën C3 WRC that would be introduced in 2017. Meeke won two rallies in 2016, in Portugal and in Finland, the latter breaking a record for the highest average speed in a WRC rally. Kris Meeke also became the first driver from United Kingdom to win the famous and fast Rally Finland. Meeke had hoped that his 2016 schedule would allow him to challenge for the 2017 title.

The opening two rounds of 2017 proved frustrating for Meeke, crashing out in Monte Carlo and finishing 12th in Rally Sweden. Meeke took a win in Rally Mexico, despite a mistake in the final kilometre. He had gone into the Power Stage with a 37.2 second lead over Sébastien Ogier, but slid off track on a fast right hander, ending up in a car park. The incident cut his lead to 13.8 seconds, Meeke rejoining the stage through a gap in a hedge.

Meeke led the next rally, the Tour de Corse, but retired from the lead with an engine problem on the Novella stage. At Rally Argentina, Meeke retired again. He rolled his C3 twice in the course of the rally, one of these times seeing the car rolling 14 times, which he described as "the biggest." He was replaced with Andreas Mikkelsen for Rally Poland, which team principal Yves Matton described as being 'in the best interests of the team."
Meeke returned for Rally Finland, but struggled for confidence and eventually finished eighth, whilst teammate Craig Breen challenged for a podium. This was followed up by a crash on the Thursday evening super special stage on Rallye Deutschland, ruining any chance of scoring points. He eventually retired on day 2 with a mechanical issue. However at the next round in Spain, Meeke took the lead from Andreas Mikkelsen on the second day, and steadily pulled away from the rest of the field to take a second victory of the season.

Meeke was retained by Citroën for the 2018 championship and was the only Citroën driver scheduled to contest all thirteen rallies. However, the team released him from his contract after six rounds following a series of crashes. Team principal Pierre Budar was critical of what he called an "excessively high" number of accidents that came about when Meeke took "unjustified risks" considering his position at the time of the accidents.

Toyota (2018–2019)
On 17 October 2018, Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT announced Meeke would drive the Toyota Yaris World Rally Car.

On 27 November 2019 Meeke confirmed that he was leaving Toyota.

Rally victories

WRC victories

JWRC victories

IRC victories

Results

WRC results

JWRC results

IRC results

References

External links

1979 births
Intercontinental Rally Challenge drivers
Living people
Rally drivers from Northern Ireland
European Rallycross Championship drivers
World Rally Championship drivers
Dakar Rally drivers
People educated at the Royal School Dungannon
Citroën Racing drivers
Toyota Gazoo Racing drivers
Peugeot Sport drivers
Motorsport people from County Tyrone
Sportspeople from Dungannon


Farderin bin Kadir (born 30 January 1987, in Malacca) is a Malaysian footballer who mainly plays as a striker but can also plays as an attacking midfielder for Persib Bandung. He is also a member of the Malaysia U-23 squad and a former member of the Malaysia U-20 squad.

Club career
Farderin started his professional career with the Malaysia U-20 squad in 2004. He was also a striker for Malacca FA, Kuala Muda Naza FC and then with Selangor FA. He broke into Malacca's starting eleven during the 2005/06 season and netted 2 goals in his first season. In the 2006/07 season he scored 4 goals.

He played in the 2006 AFC Youth Championship in India. He also played one Olympic Games qualification match against Hong Kong under-23 for Malaysia's under-23 side. For the 2007/08 season Farderin transferred to Kuala Muda NAZA FC. He helped the team win the 2007/08 Malaysia Premier League by scoring one of the goals in Kuala Muda NAZA's 3–2 win over KL PLUS FC. He was voted man of the match.

He was later loaned to Perlis FA for the 2008 Malaysia Cup. Farderin's performance attracted attention from national coach B. Sathianathan, who put him into the senior team for the 2008 Merdeka Tournament. However, he did not have the chance to play a match during the tournament.

Farderin made his debut with the senior national team in an unofficial match against Zimbabwe on 12 July 2009. He also scored his first goal for the senior team in that match.

Following a spell with Malaysian giants Selangor FA, he then join newly promoted Felda United FC.

Career statistics

Club

Achievements
 2007/08 Malaysia Premier League Champion

References

External links
 Kuala Muda NAZA Squad
 Farderin Kadir's at  selangorfc.com

1987 births
Living people
Malaysian men's footballers
Terengganu FC players
Perlis F.A. players
Selangor F.C. II players
Negeri Sembilan FC players
Malaysia men's international footballers
Kuala Muda Naza F.C. players
Footballers from Malacca
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Men's association football forwards


19 Red Roses () is a 1974 Danish crime film directed by Esben Høilund Carlsen and starring Henning Jensen.

Plot
The film follows Detective Ancher (Poul Reichhardt) and his team as they investigate a series of murders that happened over a period of days.  Seemingly unrelated at first, the investigators soon deduce that the killings are connected and stem from an incident that associates of the victims were all involved in.

Cast
 Henning Jensen as William Brehmer
 Poul Reichhardt as Kriminalassistent Ancher
 Jens Okking as Kriminalassistent Brask
 Ulf Pilgaard as Kriminalassistent Rieger
 Holger Juul Hansen as Kriminalkommisær Runge
  as Henri Durant
 Lisbet Lipschitz as Frk. Durant
 Helle Virkner as Marianne Durant
  as Otto Lintz
 Birgit Sadolin as Fru Lintz
 Paul Hüttel as Poul Steffensen
 Bendt Rothe as Janus Bech
 Birgitte Federspiel as Louise Bech
  as Charlotte Nørlund
 Rasmus Windfelt as Charlotte Nørlunds søn
 Preben Lerdorff Rye as Holger Hjort
 Pia Grønning as Bitten Hjort
  as Direktør Pelving
 Vibeke Juul Bengtsson as Direktør Pelvings sekretær
 Bente PuggaardasMüller as Politibetjent
 Per Årman as Spejderfører

Sequel
The film was followed with a sequel, Terror, in 1977.  All of the major characters returned for this followasup.

External links

1974 films
1974 crime films
1970s Danish-language films
Danish crime films


Transkarpatia is the fifth album by the Polish symphonic black metal band Darzamat which was released in 2005 and was recorded at Los Angered Recordings in Sweden. The album was produced by Andy LaRocque (King Diamond).

Track listing
 "Sanguinarius" (Intro) – 1:23
 "Vampiric Prose" – 3:26
 "Hallucinations" – 3:57
 "Inhumatus" (Intro) – 1:08
 "The Burning Times" – 4:43
 "Letter from Hell" – 3:30
 "Blackward" – 4:02
 "Recurring Yell" – 5:11
 "Araneum" (Intro) – 0:50
 "Labyrinth of Anxiety" – 3:56
 "Virus" – 5:27
 "The Old Form of Worship" – 2:52
 "Tempted by Rot" – 4:36
 "Tribute to..." – 5:18

Notes
  The songs Sanguinarius, Inhumatus and Araneum are instrumental tracks and contain no lyrics nor vocals.
  A video of the song The Burning Times was made and can be viewed online.

Personnel
 Agnieszka "Nera" Górecka – vocals
 Rafał "Flauros" Góral – vocals
 Krzysztof "Chris" Michalak – electric guitar
 Patryk "Spectre" Kumór – keyboard instruments
 Maciej "Darkside" Kowalski – drums
 Krzysztof "Bacchus" Kłosek – bass guitar

External links
 Encyclopaedia Metallum (retrieved 10-17-08)

References

Metal Mind Productions albums
2005 albums
Darzamat albums


Christ Church is the parish church for Freemantle in Southampton.  The church building is grade II listed.

History
The origins of a church community in Freemantle begin in 1856, when a church meeting took place in the Bailiffs House, and then later church services took place in the school rooms. On 25 July 1861, the foundation stone of the church was laid by Archdeacon Jacob. The building was constructed of Purbeck rubble and ashlar during  1865-1866 by William White.  The windows were moulded with red brick.  On 27 July 1865 the church was consecrated by Dr Sumner, Bishop of Winchester. On 19 April 1866 the Ecclesiastical Commission of England agreed that Freemantle would be a separate district from Millbrook, and declared the new Church of the Parish of Christ Church, Freemantle. The tower and spire were added in 1875.

Architecture
The main building is of Purbeck rubble and ashlar construction, with red brick mouldings around the windows.  The building has a nave with a clerestory, chapels to the north and south, and a south porch.  The tower, on the west of the building, has a broached spire which was added a decade after the construction of the remainder of the building.  The chancel arch is wide, with three bay nave arcades.  The windows are of a geometrical style.

References

Churches completed in 1865
Churches in Southampton
Grade II listed churches in Hampshire
Church of England church buildings in Hampshire


The Olsen Gang on the Track ()  is a 1975 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe. The film was the seventh in the Olsen-banden-series.

Plot
Following the Olsen Gang's only successful robbery in the previous film, they are seemingly living the perfect life in the basking sun on Mallorca. But they are not happy. Kjeld is homesick, Yvonne has turned into an alcoholic, and money-wasting Benny is in conflict with Egon who has the red suitcase containing their money always chained to his wrist.
Meanwhile, the enforcer Bøffen has tracked them down, and he manages to steal the case. Egon is arrested by the Spanish police as the gang try to retrieve it.

Back in Denmark, after Egon is released from prison, he's got a new plan, as usual. So has Yvonne, however: She has alerted the police about the money which were stolen from them in Spain, and she asks for an advance in return. Egon has memorised the complete Danish train schedules as the money has now been invested in gold bars, which are to be shipped to Zürich by train - in an armored Franz Jäger wagon. The gang steal a small shunting locomotive, hijack the wagon and transfer the gold onto a battered medium truck, which collapses under the load.

The gang has to abandon the gold to escape the police, split up in disagreement, but regroup with a new plan after Benny and Kjeld rescue Egon from "disappearing and staying lost". In the meantime the Danish State Railways has switched to the summer schedule, turning the plan into a lethal task. In addition the police have arranged a summer outing via rail and by chance, Bøffen spots the gang towing the wagon along the Copenhagen harbour railway and a car/train chase along Amagerbanen ensures. Luckily Yvonne has supplied the police with what turns out to be a decisive description of both the perpetrator and the armored wagon and eventually the gang is successful in repossessing the gold and launder it through a Norwegian oil company to acquire the majority stake in the shipping company I.C. Lauritzen, making Egon chairman of the board. The tax administration do not see the income from Egon's trade appearing in the accounts, and so he ends up behind bars again.

Cast

 Ove Sprogøe as Egon Olsen
 Morten Grunwald as Benny Frandsen
 Poul Bundgaard as Kjeld Jensen
 Kirsten Walther as Yvonne Jensen
 Axel Strøbye as CID Inspector Jensen
 Ole Ernst as CID Constable Holm
 Paul Hagen as Signalman Godfredsen
 Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt as Signalman Brodersen
 Ove Verner Hansen as Bøffen
 Jes Holtsø as Børge Jensen
 Søren Steen as Brian / Bodyguard
 Ernst Meyer as Godsekspeditør i Glostrup
 Poul Thomsen as Godsekspeditør i København
 Pouel Kern as Hundevagt
 Erni Arneson as Miss Hansen, Egon's secretary
 John Hahn-Petersen as Fuldmægtig fra Skattevæsenet
 Alf Andersen as Nordmand
 Jørgen Beck as Brovagt på Langebro
 Kirsten Hansen-Møller as The Policeman in Bathing Shorts' Wife
 Knud Hilding as Engine Driver
 Bertel Lauring as Lorry Driver
 Poul Reichhardt as Chief of Police
 Finn Storgaard as The Policeman in Bathing Shorts

References

Notes

External links

1975 films
1975 comedy films
1970s Danish-language films
Films directed by Erik Balling
Films with screenplays by Erik Balling
1970s heist films
Olsen-banden films


The A25 (Portuguese: Autoestrada das Beiras Litoral e Alta) is a major motorway (freeway) in Portugal. It connects Aveiro, in the west coast, to Vilar Formoso, near the Portugal–Spain border, and serves other important cities like Viseu and Guarda. A25 is operated by Ascendi Costa de Prata, Auto Estradas da Costa de Prata, S. A.

External links

Motorways in Portugal


Seikichi Odo (July 26, 1927, in Okinawa – March 24, 2002), whose name means "world walker" in Japanese, was a karateka.  He combined kobudō and karate techniques to found the Ryūkyū Hon Kenpo Kobujutsu Federation.

Education
Of pechin descent, he was small in stature and introverted as a youth. At age 9 Odo began his martial arts training in judo. At age 13 Odo met Koho Kuba of Kawasaki, Okinawa. Kuba taught Odo the art of Okinawa-te. At the age of 20, Odo began to study Okinawan kobudō. He studied weapons arts diligently to ensure the preservation of the old ways. Odo's kobudō instructors included many of the leading practitioners of Okinawa, such as Mitsuo Kakazu, Kenko Nakaima, Shinpo Matayoshi and Seiki Toma. At 23 Odo began to study karate under Shigeru Nakamura.
Odo studied both kobudō (with Mitsuo Kakazu) as well as karate and kobudō with Seiki Toma, who was a student of Zenpo Shimabukuro who was taught by Chōtoku Kyan (1870–1945). Odo considered Nakamura as his primary instructor as well as mentor.

Shigeru Nakamura
Nakamura was born on January 20, 1894. His karate training started whilst in attendance of Icchu Middle School in Shuri. It was here that both Kanryo Higashionna (1845–1915) and Chomo Hanashiro (1869–1945) were the karate instructors. Itosu Ankō (1830–1915) as well as Kentsu Yabu (1863–1937) also made visits to the school. After middle school, Nakamura returned to Nago city where he trained under Shinkichi Kuniyoshi. In 1953, Nakamura opened his own dojo in Nago city and called his form of karate "Okinawa kenpo".

Seikichi Odo took over teaching in the dojo as Nakamura aged. Odo asked Nakamura if he would allow incorporating kobudō with karate teachings. Nakamura was hesitant to allow this, but in the end did. Odo incorporated Kobudo in the mid-1970s. In July 1983, Odo restructured the Okinawa Kenpo Karate-Kobudō Association, renaming it the Okinawa Kenpo Karate Kobudō Federation. In 1998 to ease derisiveness, Odo changed the federation name to the Ryūkyū Hon Kenpo Kobujutsu Federation. Odo's Ryūkyū Hon Kenpo Kobujutsu Federation teaches a total of 50 kata; 20 open hand forms and 30 weapons kata.

As Odo said, "You keep, keep my kata straight".

Bogu Kumite
Bogu Kumite (防具組手) is a form of armored training used in some Okinawan kempo styles of karate.  The origin of this unique training approach is credited to Shigeru Nakamura. Shorin-ryu, Chito-ryu, Isshin-ryu, Shorinji-ryu and Nippon Kempo also employ this training method.

Bogu Kumite is a rough, full contact training method in which the participants are discouraged from using feints and jabs and are expected to throw full-power blows.  Rules vary between practitioners, but a generally accepted norm is to only count strikes that would incapacitate the opponent, had they not been wearing the gear.  Hits must land on the gear and on the steel cage of the mask.

Equipment
Bogu gear is made of pieces analogous to those of kendo bōgu.

Men- steel cage mask (or heavy clear plastic) that covers the anterior and lateral head, with an opening in back.  It extends to the neck to provide a degree of control during heavy impacts. Kumite men usually have shorter neck pieces since they do not usually need to stop the heavy blows to the clavicle as with kendo armor.

Kote- padded gloves, often of the Kempo variety with finger articulations.

Do- semi-rigid chest protector made with several padded plates of various materials such as heavy plastic or light metals sewn into it.

Participants also usually wear a groin protector, elbow pads and shin protectors as with other karate training methods.

References

Okinawan male karateka
1927 births
2002 deaths
People from Okinawa Island


Pete Sampras defeated the defending champion Boris Becker in the final, 3–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4), 6–7(11–13), 6–4 to win the singles tennis title at the 1996 ATP Tour World Championships. It was his third Tour Finals title. Andre Agassi withdrew after the first round robin match to be replaced by Thomas Enqvist because of health issues.

Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.

Draw

Finals

Red group
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

White group
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

See also
 ATP World Tour Finals appearances

References

Singles
ATP Tour World Championships - Singles
Tennis tournaments in Germany
Sport in Hanover


Henry Pryor (July 3, 1808 – October 10, 1892) was a lawyer, magistrate and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1859 to 1867.

He was born in Halifax, the son of John Pryor, a member of the provincial assembly, and Sarah Stevens. He was educated in Halifax and at King's College. Pryor went on to study law with William Blowers Bliss and was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1831. That same year, Pryor married Eliza Phoebe Pyke, the daughter of George Pyke. He served as a lieutenant and then lieutenant-colonel in the local militia. Pryor was a member of Halifax city council from 1843 to 1845 and was mayor from 1849 to 1850, from 1853 to 1855 and from 1857 to 1859. In 1863, he married Charlotte McKie after the death of his first wife. Pryor was named a stipendiary magistrate for Halifax in 1867. In 1873, he was named Queen's Counsel. Pryor retired from his post as magistrate in 1886 and later died in Halifax at the age of 84.

His brother John was president and founder of Acadia College. His sister Louisa married James William Johnston.

References

1808 births
1892 deaths
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
Mayors of Halifax, Nova Scotia
Canadian King's Counsel


Estimates of total oil reserves in Cuba are varied, and depend mainly on estimations of undiscovered offshore deposits in the North Cuba Basin. Proved crude oil reserves were 124 million barrels as of 2013.

Cuba has three producing offshore oil fields within 5 km of its north coast.

A 2004 partnership between Spanish oil company Repsol-YPF and Cuba's state oil company Cupet estimated Cuba's off-shore reserves to be able to ultimately produce between 4.6 and 9.3
billion barrels of crude oil. Also in 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that the North Cuba Basin had a 95% probability of having at least 1.1 billion barrels, and a 5% chance of having 9.4 billion barrels; the most likely volume was 4.6 billion barrels of undiscovered oil.

In October 2008, the Cuban government announced that its likely oil reserves were more than double that which was previously believed, and its total reserves were probably 20 billion barrels, mostly in the offshore. If the estimates are accurate, then Cuba would have one of the top 20 reserves in the world.

By 2010 an active leasing program for blocks of the ocean floor north and west of Cuba was underway. No U.S. companies participated due to the United States embargo against Cuba. Private companies and state-owned firms, from Brazil, India, Norway, Russia, Spain, Venezuela, Vietnam took leases. Despite the areas leased being close to tourist areas in Florida and Cuba, Cuba does not have the equipment or expertise to handle a major oil spill.

Petroleum exploration
In 2012, three deepwater (more than 300 meters of water) exploration wells were drilled by the Italian platform Scarabeo 9 (owned by Saipem, for different oil companies : one for Repsol was finished in May, one for Petronas and Gazpromneft, finished in August, and finally one for PdVSA, finished in late October. None of the three found commercial quantity of oil or gas, which jeopardized Cuba's hope to find hydrocarbons to boost its economy, and prompted Repsol to relinquish its concessions in this country  The planned departure of the only deep-water drilling rig available in the fall of 2012 set the detailed exploration program necessary back for a period of years. There remain unexplored deep-water leases held by Vietnamese and Angolan firms and drilling was planned on a shallow-water prospect east of Havana by Zarubezhneft, a Russian company, using a Norwegian rig.

References

External links

U.S. Presence in Cuba Oil? by Jorge Pinon, Latin Business Chronicle, May 4, 2009
Map Showing the Planned Off Shore Drilling Site
"Drilling Plans Off Cuba Stir Fears of Impact on Gulf" by The New York Times

Petroleum in Cuba
Cuba
Geology of Cuba


North Armagh was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.

Boundaries
North Armagh was a county constituency comprising the northern part of County Armagh. It was created when the House of Commons (Method of Voting and Redistribution of Seats) Act (Northern Ireland) 1929 introduced first-past-the-post elections throughout Northern Ireland. North Armagh was created by the division of Armagh into four new constituencies. The constituency survived unchanged, returning one member of Parliament, until the Parliament of Northern Ireland was temporarily suspended in 1972, and then formally abolished in 1973.

The seat was centred on the town of Lurgan and included parts of the rural districts of Armagh and Lurgan.

Politics
The seat was always won by Ulster Unionist Party candidates.  It was contested on five occasions, three times by nationalist candidates, once by a Northern Ireland Labour Party member, and once by an independent Unionist.  The nationalist and Labour candidates each took 30 - 40% of the votes cast.

Members of Parliament

Election results

At the 1929, 1933 and 1938 Northern Ireland general elections, John Johnston was elected unopposed.

At the 1953 Northern Ireland general election, Dinah McNabb was elected unopposed.

At the 1962 Northern Ireland general election, Dinah McNabb was elected unopposed.

References

Historic constituencies in County Armagh
Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies established in 1929
Constituencies of the Northern Ireland Parliament
Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies disestablished in 1973


The Double Man () is a 1976 Danish crime film directed by Franz Ernst and starring Erik Wedersøe.

Cast
 Erik Wedersøe - Christian Mortensen
 Peter Belli - Mikael Mortensen
 Poul Reichhardt - Mortensen
 Chili Turèll - Janne (as Inge Margrethe Svendsen)
 Lane Lind - Eva
 Lotte Hermann - Lily
 Claus Nissen - Verner
 Morten Grunwald - Hugo
 Martin Miehe-Renard - Kurt
 Frederik Frederiksen - Direktør Holm
 Susanne Heinrich - Gurli
 Preben Harris - Gorilla
 Michael Bastian - Gorilla
 Willy Rathnov - Bossen
 Masja Dessau - Luder

External links

1976 films
1970s Danish-language films
1976 crime films
Films directed by Franz Ernst
Films scored by Fuzzy (composer)
Danish crime films


Mark Romano Birighitti (born 17 April 1991) is an Australian professional footballer who most recently played as a goalkeeper for Scottish Premiership side Dundee United.

Born in Perth, Birighitti played youth football at the Australian Institute of Sport before making his professional debut for Adelaide United. In 2012, he moved to Newcastle Jets and spent time on loan to Italian club Varese in 2015. In 2016, Birighitti left Newcastle to again move to Europe, firstly with Swansea City and then NAC Breda. He returned to the A-League in 2018 with Melbourne City before moving to Central Coast Mariners a year later. He then signed for Dundee United in 2022.

Birighitti has played once for the Australian national team, at the 2013 EAFF East Asian Cup. He has also represented Australia's youth teams on many occasions, including at the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup and winning the 2010 AFF U-19 Youth Championship.

Club career

Adelaide United
Birighitti started his career at the AIS before moving to Adelaide United in 2008. He made his first team debut against Queensland Roar on 17 October 2008 helping Adelaide to a 1–0 win. Aurelio Vidmar praised the young goalkeeper after the match saying "I think Birighitti played well he's got a really good future, he had big shoes to fill and I think he did an outstanding job tonight."

His second successive A-League start came against Perth Glory at Hindmarsh Stadium after Adelaide's number one goalkeeper, 28-year-old Eugene Galekovic, was injured during the Asian Champions League match against FC Bunyodkor. Despite conceding the match's first goal at the near post, Birighitti played his part in the 2–1 win taking Adelaide to the top of the league table.

With Galekovic again ruled out with injury Birighitti started the second leg of the 2008 AFC Champions League Final against Gamba Osaka on 12 November 2008; Adelaide lost the match 2–0. He injured his ankle after falling awkwardly in a training session on 17 December 2008 ruling him out of the remaining A-League 2008-09 season.

Newcastle Jets
On 17 January 2012 it was announced he had signed a two-year contract with A-League club Newcastle Jets starting post the 2012 AFC Champions League group stage.
He quickly became the first choice goalkeeper for the Newcastle Jets, edging out Ben Kennedy and Jack Duncan. In late 2013 he signed a contract extension with the Jets until the end of the 2015–16 season.

On 24 March 2014, Birighitti flew to Germany to discuss a possible transfer to Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen. After failing to secure a contract with Bayer Leverkusen he then came back to the Jets for the 2014–15 season.

In October 2015, Birighitti was involved in an on-field collision with Sydney FC striker Shane Smeltz. Birightitti suffered multiple broken teeth and required facial surgery after the incident. He returned to action within weeks, missing only one A-League game.

Loan to Varese
On 27 January 2015, Birighitti joined Serie B club Varese on a six-month loan deal. He made his league debut for Varese in a 1–0 away loss to Vicenza on 25 April 2015.

Swansea City
On 18 July 2016, Birighitti joined Premier League side Swansea City on a two-year deal. After the 2016–17 season, Birighitti went on trial at Dutch side Willem II, following a lack of opportunities at Swansea.

NAC Breda
On 1 September 2017, Birighitti joined Eredivisie side NAC Breda on a two-year deal. Birighitti was considered unreliable and was let go by NAC Breda after 1 year. He did however play the full 90 minutes in NAC Breda's first ever away win in a Eredivisie match against Feyenoord, in which he also stopped a penalty.

Melbourne City
On 11 September 2018, Birighitti joined Australian A-League side Melbourne City on a three-year deal. He again found himself as second-choice goalkeeper behind Eugene Galekovic - the same situation to his time at Adelaide United. After a year in which he didn't play at all, Birighitti negotiated a mutual release from the remainder of his contract.

Central Coast Mariners
In August 2019, Birighitti joined Central Coast Mariners on a one-year contract.

Dundee United
On 21 July 2022, it was announced that Birighitti had signed a two-year contract with Dundee United, subject to international clearance. He made his first competitive start for his new club in their opening Scottish Premiership match against Kilmarnock which resulted in a 1–1 draw. Birighitti made his European debut in a 1–0 win against AZ Alkmaar, however, the second leg of the tie ended in a 7–0 Dundee United loss, knocking them out the competition.

Birighitti departed the club at the end of the 2022/23 season.

International career
Birighitti was selected to represent the Australian under-20 squad at the 2010 AFC U-19 Championship.

He made his debut for the senior Australian side in their final match of the 2013 EAFF East Asian Cup against China, a 4–3 loss.

Career statistics

Honours
Australia U20
 AFF U-19 Youth Championship: 2010

Individual
 A-League All Star: 2014
 PFA A-League Team of the Season: 2015–16, 2020–21, 2021–22
 A-League Goalkeeper of the Year: 2020–21, 2021–22

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Soccer players from Perth, Western Australia
Australian people of Italian descent
Australian men's soccer players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Australian Institute of Sport soccer players
Newcastle Jets FC players
Adelaide United FC players
SSD Varese Calcio players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
NAC Breda players
Melbourne City FC players
Central Coast Mariners FC players
Dundee United F.C. players
Victorian Premier League players
A-League Men players
Serie B players
Australia men's youth international soccer players
Australia men's under-20 international soccer players
Australia men's international soccer players
Australian expatriate men's soccer players
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Wales
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Wales
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Scottish Professional Football League players


Rozenite is a hydrous iron sulfate mineral, Fe2+SO4•4(H2O).

It occurs as a secondary mineral, formed under low humidity at less than  as an alteration of copper-free melanterite, which is a post mine alteration product of pyrite or marcasite. It also occurs in lacustrine sediments and coal seams. Associated minerals include melanterite, epsomite, jarosite, gypsum, sulfur, pyrite, marcasite and limonite.

It was first described in 1960 for an occurrence on Ornak Mountain, Western Tatra Mountains, Małopolskie, Poland. It was named for Polish mineralogist Zygmunt Rozen (1874–1936).

The thermal expansion of rozenite was studied from   to   using neutron diffraction. Rozenite exhibits negative linear thermal expansion, meaning that it expands in one direction upon cooling.

References

Sulfate minerals
Iron(II) minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14


Américo Paredes (September 3, 1915 – May 5, 1999) was an American author born in Brownsville, Texas who authored several texts focusing on the border life that existed between the United States and Mexico, particularly around the Rio Grande region of South Texas. His family on his father’s side, however, had been in the Americas since 1580.  His ancestors were sefarditas, or Spanish Jews who had been converted to Christianity, and in 1749—along with José de Escandón—they settled in the lower Rio Grande.  The year of Paredes’ birth was the year of the last Texas Mexican Uprising, which was to portend the life Paredes was to lead.  Throughout his long career as a journalist, folklorist and professor, Paredes was to bring focus to his Mexican American heritage, and the beauty of those traditions.

Life and career

Growing up in Brownsville, Texas, Paredes was to experience the double life of American and Mexican culture.  Paredes was a lover both of Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan books and of Mexican poetry—his father composed décimas (a ten line poem with set rhyme scheme).  This love of poetry was to hold Paredes in good stead when, at the age of 18, he won a poetry contest sponsored by Trinity College.  This award was to gain him the attention of the high school principal, Mr. Irvine, who in turn, expedited his entrance into junior college in 1934. The same year Paredes entered college, an event that would mark his life occurred, the assassination of Cesar Augusto Sandino, about whom, five years later, Paredes would write “A  Cesar Augusto Sandino.”

While in his second year of junior college, Paredes was also to write George Washington Gomez: A Mexico-Texan Novel. Although it was not published until 1990, George Washington Gomez is Paredes' most well known work. The novel tells the story of a young man growing up in early 20th-century Jonesville on the River (a fictional city Paredes used to represent the city of Brownsville) and reveals the conflict in identity (as the title name suggests) the young man experiences growing up in an Anglo-Texan environment, particularly with regard to the educational system.

While in college, Paredes worked not only at the local grocery store (where he bought his first guitar from a co-worker), but also as a proofreader and reporter at The Brownsville Herald, a job he kept even after graduation in 1936. In 1940, as World War II began for the Americans, Paredes took a second job with Pan-American Airways overseeing the outfitting of airplanes with fifty-caliber machine guns.  Simultaneously, he began playing guitar on the radio, a talent he had taught himself during junior college. As World War II heated up, Paredes was drafted into the army, but even there he was a journalist, reporting for the army publication Stars and Stripes, a publication which—while in Japan—allowed him to interview military leader Hideki Tōjō. Also in Japan, Paredes took correspondence courses from the University of Texas, through an army school, affectionately referred to as the Tokyo College.  By 1950, Paredes had moved to Austin to pursue first his master's degree and then his Ph.D. When he returned to the United States, he brought with him his half-Japanese, half-Uruguayan wife Amelia Nagamine, whose visa issues almost stopped his education.  By 1951, Paredes was teaching as a graduate student at the University of Texas and drawing attention.  In 1952 he would win an award from the Dallas Times Herald for a collection of short stories he had selected from his larger work, The Hammon and The Beans.  He called it Border Country. In 1955, he won an award of 500 dollars for his novel The Shadow, although this book would not be published until 1998.

In his graduate school years it would be a twist of fate that would lead Paredes down the road of folklore.  While taking English courses during his masters' program, he encountered a text comparing two Scottish ballads, which Paredes was to compare to the Mexican corrido (a comparison that would crop up again in his dissertation of With His Pistol in His Hand). His professor at the time introduced him to Robert Stephenson, then a professor of English teaching folklore, who would persuade him to pursue a future in the field.  In 1956, Paredes’ dissertation, which was to turn into his opus With His Pistol in His Hand, told the story of the legendary Gregorio Cortez and his conflict with the Texas Rangers. The text portrayed the famed Texas Rangers in a negative fashion, which was unheard of in the history of that organization. There was a suggestion, jokingly perhaps, by some Texas Rangers that Paredes should be shot in retaliation for his blemishing of the reputation of the Texas Rangers in that book. When With His Pistol in His Hand was completed, it garnered the attention of famous folklorist Stith Thompson, who was to recommend the work to the University of Texas Press for publication in 1958. The book "sold less than 1000 copies by 1965, then exploded into dozens of editions as it became a foundational text and primer for the emerging academic movement of Chicano studies."

The same year With His Pistol in His Hand was published, Paredes was hired by University of Texas, Austin to teach, a decision which would change the face of their curriculum.  In the 1960s and 70’s Americo Paredes was to join the Chicano movement along with Tomás Rivera and Miguel Méndez.  During this same period he would also expand the educational curriculum of UT by founding their Center for Folklore Studies (1967).  Paredes would continue on to found their Center for Mexican American Studies as well. In 1989 Paredes would become one of five men to be awarded the Charles Frankel Prize of the National Endowment for the Humanities and in 1991 (the same year his high school and young adult poetry Between Two Worlds would publish) he received the Orden del Aguila Azteca along with Cesar Chavez and Julian Samora.

In 1970, his Folktales of Mexico was published as part of the Folktales of the World series.

On May 5, 1999, Americo Paredes died in Austin, Texas.

Paredes has the distinction of being one of the few scholars "to ever have a corrido...composed in his honor".

Legacy
Places named after him:
 Americo Paredes Elementary School - Brownsville Independent School District
 Americo Paredes Elementary School - La Joya Independent School District
 Americo Paredes Middle School - Austin Independent School District

Bibliography

1937 Cantos de adolescencia
1958 With His Pistol in His Hand: A Border Ballad and Its Hero
1966 Folk Music of Mexico. Book for the Guitar No. 671
1970 Folktales of Mexico
1976 A Texas-Mexican Cancionero: Folksongs of the Lower Border
1990 George Washington Gomez: A Mexico-Texan Novel
1991 Between Two Worlds
1993 Uncle Remus con chile
1993 Folklore and Culture on the Texas-Mexican Border
1994 The Hammon and the Beans and Other Stories
1998 The Shadow

References

Further reading

Cantú, Roberto, ed. 2018. Border Folk Balladeers: Critical Studies on Américo Paredes. 2018. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 250 pages.  (hard cover).

External Reading
 Américo Paredes Papers - Benson Latin American Collection
 Center for Mexican American Studies Records - Benson Latin American Collection
 Archived online exhibition

1915 births
1999 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American folklorists
American male novelists
American people of Spanish-Jewish descent
American writers of Mexican descent
Collectors of fairy tales
Hispanic and Latino American journalists
Hispanic and Latino American novelists
Hispanic and Latino American short story writers
National Humanities Medal recipients
People from Brownsville, Texas
University of Texas at Austin alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
Journalists from Texas
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Texas
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
American Folklorists of Color
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists