This article lists the major and recurring fictional characters on the science fiction television series, Fringe, created by J. J. Abrams, Alex Kurtzman, and Roberto Orci.

In the overarching storyline for the five seasons of the show, several versions of the characters are introduced. Beginning in the second season, a parallel universe is revealed; many of the characters, portrayed by the same actors, exist simultaneously in the original and parallel realities. The fourth season is set in an alternate timeline, where original and parallel universes have evolved from different outcome at a certain point in their history, resulting in two more versions of the characters.

These character profiles describe the characters as they appear in the original universe, with universe differences noted separately.

Primary characters

Olivia Dunham

Olivia Dunham (portrayed by Anna Torv as an adult and Ada Berker and Karley Scott Collins as a young girl; main: season 1–5) is a young FBI agent assigned to a multi-agency task force of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security called the "Fringe division". She is brought aboard the Fringe division after her boyfriend and fellow agent, John Scott, dies in a Fringe-related case. As the series progresses she comes to learn that, as a child, she was a test subject for Walter's Cortexiphan trials, giving her some uneven psycho-kinetic abilities including the ability to cross between the universes. Over the course of the show Olivia develops a romantic relationship with Peter.

The Other Universe version of Olivia Dunham, dubbed by the prime universe as Fauxlivia, is an agent of the alternate and more powerful Fringe division. As of the end of season 2, Fauxlivia is sent to the prime universe by Walternate, taking Olivia's place without the knowledge of the Bishops, and maintains a close relationship with Peter for unknown reasons; this ultimately puts stress on Olivia and Peter's own relationship. Eventually, she is brought back to the parallel world after completing her mission in the prime one. Fauxlivia has also been nicknamed, unofficially, Altivia, Alt-Olivia, Otherlivia, and Bolivia. In the episode "Immortality," Fauxlivia is revealed to be pregnant with Peter Bishop's child, which Walternate hopes to use to sway Peter back to the Other Universe. The alternate Olivia gives birth to a son in the episode "Bloodline". In the episode "6:02 AM EST" it is revealed that she has named the baby Henry. Walternate uses a sample of the baby's blood to activate the machine to destroy the other universe.

For several episodes, Torv also played a third role, that of Olivia possessed by the mind of William Bell, which has been dubbed "Bellivia" by reviewers. In this, she simulates Nimoy's raspy voice and mannerisms used in the portrayal of Bell.

Peter Bishop

Peter Bishop (portrayed by Joshua Jackson as an adult, and Quinn Lord, Nico Ghisi and Chandler Canterbury as young boy; main: season 1–5) is the son of mad scientist Walter Bishop, and a member of the Fringe division. In the show's second season it is revealed that Peter is actually from a parallel universe from where he had been kidnapped by Walter after this universe's version of Peter died at a young age. He is a genius with an I.Q. of 190, a college drop-out with gambling debts, and a jack-of-all-trades. In the second season two-part finale "Over There", and a major plot element of the third season, Peter is found to be the only person that can cause a reaction from an apparent doomsday device that Walternate has assembled in the parallel universe and that is currently being assembled in the prime world.

Walter Bishop

Walter Bishop (portrayed by John Noble; main: season 1–5) is a former government researcher into fringe science with a recorded I.Q. of 196. He was institutionalized after a lab accident which resulted in manslaughter charges. Having been locked up for 17 years in a mental institute prior to becoming assigned to the Fringe division, Walter often expresses wonder at modern technology, and seems to be disconnected from the world, sometimes leaving his son to decode his rantings for others. He often says things which seem so obvious that no one else wants to say (or thinks necessary) and tends to burst into song while working, as he believes it helps him think. He is also known to eat or drink while working on a body, no matter how disgusting everyone else thinks it is. He seems to derive joy from both these quirks. He is the archetypal mad scientist.

The Other Universe version of Walter Bishop, nicknamed , is the United States Secretary of Defense, and directly oversees the alternate and more powerful Fringe division. He is the main antagonist of the third season. Walternate also serves as the immediate superior to the shapeshifters, with their leader—Thomas Jerome Newton—being extremely loyal and protective of him (possibly being friends). Walternate, making arrangements through Newton and other shapeshifters, successfully traveled to the prime universe, and was later brought to see Peter for the first time since he was taken by his counterpart. Walternate convinces Peter to return home to the Other Universe, though he later goes back, though not before Walternate appears to have Olivia replaced by her own counterpart, as part of an unknown plan regarding Peter.

Alternate timelime: Original Walter appears more nervous and insecure, and doesn't leave his lab for years on end. He is still under supervision of psychiatrist Bruce Sumner, the director of St. Claire's Hospital, where he had been institutionalized. He was released from hospital under Olivia's care.

Secondary characters

Astrid Farnsworth

Astrid Farnsworth (portrayed by Jasika Nicole; main: season 1–5) is an FBI Junior Agent who serves as Olivia's assistant. She is stationed in the lab with Walter, who can never remember her name (e.g. calling her "Asterix", "Aspirin", "Asteroid", "Astro", "Ostrich", "Aphid", "Esther", "Ashram", "Alex", "Afro", "Astrif", "Agnes", "Asner", etc.).  In the 4th episode of season 4, "Subject 9", Walter calls out to Astrid by uttering "Claire!".  Astrid, who normally brushes off these idiosyncrasies, however, this time she asked Walter: "Really?!? Claire?!? That doesn't even start with an "A"!"  Though her work is mostly clerical, she has a number of skills which come in handy during their cases, such as cryptanalysis and proficiency in Latin. Despite being a main character for four years, Astrid's personal life and past were never examined in depth.

The parallel universe version of Astrid Farnsworth is an autistic savant serving as a computer and statistics specialist in the Fringe division.

Alternate timeline: The original Astrid is a field agent, examining crime scenes and collecting information with the rest of the team, which she relays back to Walter in real time via a videophone device worn on her right ear. She also continues to support Walter in the lab.

In the episode "Making Angels", the two Astrids finally meet, when alternate universe Astrid gives herself security clearance to cross over after the death of her father, to seek condolences and closure from her primary universe counterpart. It is in this same episode that we are offered a peek into the home lives of the two Astrids and why they might be so different. We learn that while both Astrids' mothers died when they were young, and they were both raised by their fathers, that alternate universe Astrid felt a sense of rejection and disapproval from her father, while the Astrid in the primary universe had a warm, loving father, whom she was close to (though she lies about this in an attempt to console her counterpart). However it is ambiguous as to whether this is a cause or effect, as alternate universe Astrid seemed to be under the impression that her father was distant due to the way she was, not that she was the way she was because he was distant, while we know nothing of how the primary universe Astrid may have been as a child.

Phillip Broyles
Phillip Broyles (portrayed by Lance Reddick; main: season 1–4; recurring: season 5) is a Homeland Security Special Agent and head of the Fringe division, which was established to investigate a series of terrorist/unexplained phenomena. While Broyles comes off as professional and by-the-book, he is surprisingly flexible when it comes to dealing with the unusual circumstances of Pattern-related cases. Little is known of Broyles' past. He has been involved in the military, citing experience as a colonel in "six wars". Broyles was once married to Diane and had children, but his obsession with a case broke up his marriage. He initially harbors resentment for Olivia as she was responsible for prosecuting his friend Sanford Harris, but comes to respect Olivia's aptitude and later defends her against Harris. He knows President Obama, who he thinks dislikes him because Broyles beat him at golf.

In the parallel universe, Colonel Broyles is in charge of the alternate Fringe division and answers directly to Secretary Bishop. He is still married to Diane, and lives together with her and their two children, Christopher—who suffers both physical and psychological trauma following being kidnapped—and a daughter. In the third-season episode "Entrada", Colonel Broyles sacrifices himself to give time for Olivia to escape the parallel universe. His body is later mutilated and sent to the Prime Universe as a substitution of mass so that Fauxlivia may return home. Agent Broyles later examines his body and closes his eyes out of respect. Olivia makes it clear that she intends to find a solution to the conflict between the two universes without one being destroyed, as she promised Colonel Broyles she would.

Alternate timeline: Still alive, Colonel Broyles is in charge of Fringe Division. A now-living David Robert Jones has, however, tempted him into an alliance. This is later revealed to be because his son is dying, and David Robert Jones is providing medicine to save him in return for Broyles' cooperation. He is instructed to insert a device into the bridge between universes but instead turns himself in to prime-universe Broyles.

In season 5, Broyles is "The Dove" for the resistance feeding intel to the underground, he is exposed as the dove and interrogated but he is saved by Peter and Olivia in the series finale.

Nina Sharp
Nina Sharp (portrayed by Blair Brown; main: season 1–4; recurring: season 5) is the executive director of Massive Dynamic, and has run the business since William Bell's departure to the parallel world. Nina has had long personal ties with Walter and romantic interactions with William. One of her forearms is a highly advanced prosthetic arm. Nina lost her arm while trying to prevent Walter from crossing over to the parallel universe in 1985. The cover story she uses to explain the prosthetic replacement of her arm is that she lost it to cancer. Nina is often cryptic and cautious of interacting with the Fringe members; though she will provide Massive Dynamic's services when necessary, she does not always reveal the full truth of the situation. Nina is able to communicate to William; in the season 1 finale, she arranged for Olivia to be taken to the parallel universe to meet him, while in the season 2 finale, she alerted William to the plan to rescue Peter. After Bell's death, Walter is left in control of Massive Dynamic, but chooses to leave the majority of the control day-to-day workings of the company with Nina. She later becomes his confidant during his despair at having possibly caused the universe to unravel.

Alternate timeline: Nina's backstory is altered. She adopted Olivia, and her sister Rachel, after their mother died and Olivia killed their stepfather, and consequently she and Olivia share a much closer relationship. The Nina from the parallel universe is seen to be conspiring with a revived David Robert Jones; however, it's unclear if this is actually the alternate universe Nina or a shapeshifter that David Robert Jones created.

In season 5 and the future of 2036, Nina Sharp is the director of Ministry of Science and appeared to cooperate with the Observers. But in secret she was allied with the resistance and helped the Fringe team. In "Anomaly XB-6783746", her allegiance was exposed and she was caught by Captain Windmark. To protect the plan, she killed herself.

John Scott

John Scott (portrayed by Mark Valley; main: season 1) is an FBI Special Agent who, in the pilot episode, is Olivia's partner and lover. During an investigation of a flesh-dissolving toxin, John is exposed to the toxin after the lab producing it explodes with him nearby. He is placed in a medically induced coma, and during this time Walter devises a procedure to link his mind to Olivia's in order to gain information about the suspect who caused the explosion. With that information, they locate the suspect, from whom they gain the necessary understanding of the chemical to cure John. Shortly thereafter, it is discovered that John himself financed the creation of the toxin. This connection ties him to "the Pattern", the incidents investigated by the Fringe Division, making him a suspected terrorist. A subsequent high-speed chase results in John's death, leaving Olivia to question not only John's true loyalty, but also his love for her.

Following his death, John's corpse is secretly delivered to Massive Dynamic, to serve as an information gathering source.

As a result of their mental link, part of John's consciousness is transferred to Olivia, allowing her to communicate with him through hallucinations and dreams. Her mind begins integrating and purging his consciousness, resulting in her mistaking his memories for her own. He also continually tells her that he loves her "always", and intends to prove it to her. While following his "ghost" she discovers a hideout of his where he seemed to be conducting an independent investigation into the "pattern". She also finds an engagement ring with the word "always" written inside, suggesting John was intending to propose to her, which she takes as a personal keepsake.

Before his consciousness disappears completely, Olivia learns that John was working undercover for the NSA, infiltrating ZFT, by now known to be the organization responsible behind "the Pattern", and that whatever relationship the two of them had was real. Admitting her love for him, Olivia says her goodbyes to John before he fades away forever. Olivia later tells Broyles that even though John is still considered a traitor by the FBI, she knows in her heart that he was a hero.

In the alternate timeline created by Peter Bishop's erasure, many of the events of John's life remain the same. He is still the partner of Olivia and still affected by the toxin. However, while Olivia is able to get Walter out his mental hospital to help him, John dies before a cure can be found. His death profoundly affects Olivia, leaving her even more isolated and cold than in the previous timeline. It is also suggested that the toxin which killed him may have been a disastrous attempt by ZFT to create human shape-shifters, although this is unconfirmed.

Charlie Francis
Charles "Charlie" Francis (portrayed by Kirk Acevedo; main: season 1–2; recurring: season 3) is an FBI Special Agent, who holds the position of a supervisor. He is close friends with John Scott and Olivia. Olivia often comes to him with requests for manpower and other resources. Charlie is later promoted to Second-In-Command of the Fringe division, making him the immediate subordinate of Broyles. In the season premiere of season 2, Charlie is killed by a shapeshifter who takes his place and burns his body in a hospital furnace. The shapeshifter maintains his identity for some time until it learns the location of Newton, after which Olivia is forced to kill it. Charlie's death weighs heavily on Olivia's conscience. She later receives a post-mortem message from him in the form of a series of seemingly random letters that arrange to form the first sentence Charlie ever told her. "You're gonna be fine."

After original Charlie is killed in 2.01 and the shapeshifter is killed in 2.04, Charlie appears frequently in a special episode that airs between 2.10 and 2.11, a seeming continuity error that can be explained out-of-universe, as the episode was originally filmed with season 1 but was not released until January mid-season 2.

The parallel universe version of Charlie Francis is alive and an agent of the alternate and more powerful Fringe division. The alternative Charlie ("alt-Charlie") shares many of the same traits as the prime version, although he is slightly more crass and has a small scar beneath his left eye. He also suffers from a parasite infestation in his body, a fate averted by the prime universe's Charlie in the first-season episode "Unleashed".

Lincoln Lee

Captain Lincoln Lee (portrayed by Seth Gabel; main: season 4; recurring: season 2–3, 5) is a team leader within the parallel universe Fringe division, working with Fauxlivia and Alt-Charlie.

Agent Lee was originally introduced in the first part of the season two finale, when the Fringe division of our dimension goes to "the other side" to get Peter back. The showdown between the two Fringe divisions leaves Lee with third degree burns covering 90% of his body. Thanks to the advanced nanotechnology known in the other dimension, Lee does not stay away from duty for long, and after a three months medical treatment he is completely recovered.

Lee is a capable agent and a devoted friend to his fellow Fringe division agents, risking his health by prematurely leaving his nano-regeneration chamber to help them. Lee seems to care deeply for Fauxlivia and even attempted kissing her before learning she had a boyfriend. He seems to be very bad at keeping secrets, as he immediately tells Fauxlivia that her fiancé intends to propose to her after having been told in confidence. He is in charge of the Fringe division after the death of the alternate Colonel Broyles. At first he seems to doubt himself, saying that he "feels like he's missing something, that Broyles would see something he wouldn't" ("Immortality") but he gains more confidence after apprehending the culprit.

The alternate timeline Lincoln Lee of the prime universe is an FBI Special Agent, and is distinguished by his use of eyeglasses and generally more clean cut appearance than his parallel universe counterpart. In the episode "Everything in Its Right Place", the prime and parallel versions of Lincoln Lee both grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey until their moms died and then their dads moved them to Philadelphia, both fathers started an Ace Hardware, they both attended Hamilton High School, both had Mr. Glasberg as their 10th grade science teacher, they both graduated with a 3.85 GPA and both slacked off in their senior years to work at their dads' stores, and they both didn't go to prom because they both had just broken up with Alicia Dvoskin. Despite identical life experiences, at some point their lives bifurcated in opposite directions with the prime Lincoln Lee lacking confidence and the parallel Lincoln Lee being quite confident.  The parallel Lincoln Lee theorized that it was because he made a conscious choice to become that confident man. He's from Hartford, Connecticut. Agent Broyles originally introduces him to the Fringe Division in order to consult on the case of a seemingly immortal woman, to which he had been assigned after her family was gruesomely murdered. He is at first confused by the bizarre antics of the agents and the seemingly impossible situations they investigate, but he seems to quickly take it in stride, becoming enthusiastic about the work and offering them his help whenever they need it. This version of Agent Lee has also developed some romantic feelings towards Olivia, but does not fully act upon them due to the complications caused by the return of Peter. His alternate universe counterpart is killed in a shootout during Season 4, and prime universe Agent Lee stays in the alternate universe both to investigate David Robert Jones and because he feels less of a third wheel than with prime Olivia and Peter. Later, in Season 5, Agent Lee is shown to be married to Fauxlivia as they run Fringe division in the Other Universe.

Seth Gabel was upgraded to the main cast with the start of Season 4. However, he did not return as a main cast member in season 5.

Recurring characters

Ella Blake

Ella Blake (later Dunham in a possible 2026 reality) is the young niece of Olivia Dunham. The role was primarily played by child actress Lily Pilblad. A futuristic 22-year-old version of the character was portrayed by actress Emily Meade in the third season finale, "The Day We Died". She appears in the first three seasons, and is only mentioned briefly in the fourth season.

In her original form, Ella and her mother Rachel, Olivia's sister come to visit and stay in Olivia's Boston apartment after the breakdown of Rachel's marriage. During her stay, she plays on a laptop computer while her mother Rachel is busy in the kitchen. She downloads a program that intends to liquify her brain, but is saved after Olivia and Peter race to the apartment and thwart the murder attempt. She enjoys the friendship that Peter offers her. Rachel considers moving Ella into a local school in Boston where a boy named Graham goes to.

The Observers later watch Ella and Olivia enjoy time on a rollercoaster ride together. December states how hard things are going to be for her, without it being clear whether this is Ella or Olivia. In "Brown Betty", she goes with Olivia to the Harvard Lab, where Astrid and Walter babysit her. Walter tells her a fairy tale while he is high on his own concoction of drugs, which he titled "Brown Betty". She insists on a happy ending as opposed to his unhappy one. In "Over There", Olivia gives her a necklace that had belonged to Olivia's mother. Ella shares the gifting with Rachel, raising concern about Olivia's return.

The season three episode "Amber 31422" states Ella and her mother moved back to Chicago off-screen. Olivia reminds herself of this through Peter's hallucination. During her sensory-deprivation experimentations, she manages to reach the prime universe to contact Ella on her seventh birthday (suggesting she is born in 2003). Ella is heard expressing excitement over Olivia not forgetting her birthday. This allows Olivia to become lucid to her life in the prime universe after being brainwashed.

In the future of May 2026, Ella was promoted and became an agent of Fringe Division as the prime universe was dying. Her aunt Olivia became her guardian, following the implied demise of her parents. Her aunt is murdered however by her father-in-law, Walternate. At Olivia's viking funeral, Ella accepts the flag for her family. Her aunt's death leaves Ella cynical, as Walter attempts to get her to recollect her experiences as a young child in the lab. Soon after, Peter explains she was one of the First People who sent the Vacuum back in time to cause a paradox that prevents the destruction of their world and save Olivia's life.

In the fourth season's new timeline, it is revealed she has a younger brother, Eddie. Her parents were also never separated in this new reality. This was addressed as a cause for concern during Olivia's psych evaluation after regaining her memories from the previous timeline.

Henrietta "Etta" Bishop

Henrietta "Etta" Bishop (portrayed by Georgina Haig) is a government agent in the year 2036, and is the daughter of Peter Bishop and Olivia Dunham.

Bishop first appeared in the fourth season installment "Letters of Transit". She is a part of a small resistance group opposing world control by hostile Observers from the 2600s who traveled back in time to take over in 2015. Bishop is convinced the original Fringe team survived the seize and are still alive. She, and her partner Simon Foster (Henry Ian Cusick), eventually locate the team (except for Olivia Dunham) frozen in amber and free them. Peter Bishop comes to the emotional realization that Henrietta is his daughter. In "The Bullet That Saved the World", Etta is killed by Captain Windmark, but she is saved by the season 5 finale of resetting the time line.

Mitchell Loeb
Mitchell Loeb (portrayed by Chance Kelly) is an FBI agent, and a member of the bio-terrorist organization ZFT, as led by David Robert Jones.

Loeb originally appears as a loyal FBI agent attacked by a lethal parasite that threatens to slowly kill him. Walter is eventually able to kill the parasite, thanks to the information given by bio-terrorist David Robert Jones. However, it is soon shown that Loeb and his wife are in fact secretly working for Jones.

Putting together Walter's untested teleportation device, stolen from several individual safe-deposit boxes, and using a mathematical equation and a device that allows him to temporarily disrupt the particles in a solid object and pass through them, Loeb is eventually able to teleport Jones out of the prison, freeing him.

With Jones out of the prison, Loeb—still working for the FBI—abducts Olivia on behalf of Jones. Olivia is however able to escape, but begins suspecting that Loeb was the one who kidnapped her. While paying a visit to Loeb's home, looking for anything to support her suspicions, Olivia gets into a gunfight with Loeb's wife Samantha, killing her. When Loeb eventually learns about his wife's death, he confesses his involvement with Jones, and is incarcerated.

Sanford Harris
Sanford Harris (portrayed by Michael Gaston) was originally a high-ranking officer of the United States Marine Corps. He is a close friend of Phillip Broyles. One evening he got drunk and sexually assaulted three female Marine privates; a crime for which he was exposed and prosecuted by Olivia, resulting in several years of imprisonment. The conviction was later overturned, but Harris' career was ruined. Harris then joined the Department of Homeland Security, rising in rank to become a high-level consultant for the Pentagon. He is called in to audit the procedures of the Fringe Division, and puts a clear emphasis on Olivia's actions. As his position makes him her superior officer, Olivia does her best to humor him. Harris is eventually exposed as a ZFT operative during an investigation of two pyrokinetic women. Olivia tracks Harris during his abduction of the second woman and is locked in a room with her. With her out-of-control powers, it was expected that Olivia would be vaporized when the woman exploded; Olivia instead helps her focus her powers on Harris, who is quickly incinerated.

William Bell

William Bell (portrayed by Leonard Nimoy) is the founder of Massive Dynamic and the former lab partner and friend of Walter. William is mentioned throughout season one, showing several ties with Walter's past and the study of the parallel dimension, including participating in the Cortexiphan trials. Sometime after Walter brought Peter from the parallel universe, William convinced Walter to allow him to remove pieces of Walter's brain and implant them in other patients to keep the knowledge of dimensional travel safe; this process led to Walter's mental instability and institutionalization. The two parted ways, William going on to form Massive Dynamic.

Sometime after founding Massive Dynamic, William finds a means to travel to the parallel dimension, and sets up an office in the still-standing World Trade Center. Though he travels back and forth several times, William finds his body has become unstable and remains in the parallel dimension, still communicating with Nina whom he left in charge of Massive Dynamic.

During the first season, Walter discovers that William wrote the ZFT manifesto, which is the base for the ZFT members' actions (to prepare for war against the parallel dimension, by doing experiments of all sorts of weapons – chemical, biological, or even human).

In his first screen appearance, William brings Olivia across in the season 1 finale to warn her about the oncoming storm between universes and the identity of the shapeshifter Newton. In the second-season finale, he helps Walter and Olivia to evade capture in the parallel universe, and then assists Walter in preparing equipment for them to return to the prime universe; William and Walter reestablish their friendship when William reminds Walter why he had removed the brain pieces. When Olivia returns with Peter, Bell is unable to cross over again, as his atoms would split apart and no trace of him would remain in either universe. Because of this, he sacrifices himself to provide the means for Walter, Peter, and Olivia (in actuality, the alternate Olivia) to return to the prime universe. With William now dead in both universes, Walter discovers at the start of Season 3 that William left the whole of Massive Dynamic to him in his will.

As explained by William at the end of Season 2, the alternate version of William was killed as a young man in a car accident; as a result, Massive Dynamic in the parallel dimension was never formed, instead there is only Bishop Dynamic.

In season three, Walter remembers that William had an idea of developing "soul magnets", devices that would channel the energy from a dead body into another entity. Walter figures that William must have created a soul magnet for himself and figures that the trigger is the frequency created by the bell William left for Nina. Walter rings it and William's consciousness appears in Olivia. "Bellivia" explains that he put the soul magnets in Olivia's tea when they first met in the other universe. Broyles gives William 48 hours to find a new viable host for him and get out of Olivia's body, but William takes his time as he knows that no harm is coming to Olivia. However, not too long after, Olivia regains control of her body briefly, confused and in a trance before William takes back over. William then explains that there is something more complicated than he expected.

Walter and Peter journey into Olivia's consciousness and find William in order to recover Olivia before she is "lost". After Walter and Peter "die" within her mind, William aids Olivia in escaping until she is able to confront her own fears, enabling her to take back control of her body. William tells Olivia to pass on the message "I knew the dog wouldn't hunt" to Walter. He then departs from Olivia's consciousness. As Olivia wakes up, Astrid and Walter realise that William's plan to transfer his own consciousness into a computer has failed. Olivia relays William's message to Walter, who explains that the message was a phrase William would use in earlier experiments when he knew that they would not be successful, and that his reason for suggesting it was because "William hates goodbyes".

In the fourth season, it is noted by Nina and Walter that Bell is dead, having, in the new timeline, committed suicide in a car accident in 2005 to end his suffering from lymphoma. Disbelieving Nina, Walter returns to St. Claire's Mental Institution and finds the scent of Bell in one of the log books that dated back to when Walter believed he had visited, and continues to assert this claim. After sending David Robert Jones to his demise, he kidnaps Walter, who has deduced that he is alive, and takes him onto his container ship to sail to his new universe. After Peter and Olivia rescue Walter, Bell rings his ship's bell and disappears. Broyles later notes that he was never found.

William returns in the future, trapped in amber with the Fringe team in 2036. Walter cuts off his hand and tells Astrid to not tell anyone, until in Five-Twenty-Ten, he used it to unlock a storage facility and retrieve part of the plan.

Brandon Fayette

Brandon Fayette (portrayed by Ryan McDonald) is the leading scientist at Massive Dynamic, offering assistance to the Fringe team on multiple occasions.

The Other Universe version of Brandon is the chief scientist of the Fringe division, often answering directly to Secretary Bishop, and responsible for the assimilation of Olivia into Fauxlivia. Walternate deduced that he became a shapeshifter and killed him.

David Robert Jones

David Robert Jones (portrayed by Jared Harris) is a biochemist and former employee of William Bell and Massive Dynamic, a connection that wasn't revealed until the season one finale. Over the course of the first season, he is also proven to be the leader of ZFT, the organization responsible for most incidents investigated by the Fringe Division during season one.

First appearing in the series while incarcerated in a German prison in the episode "In Which We Meet Mr. Jones", Jones soon becomes the main antagonist of season 1.  He is first shown whilst being contacted by Olivia, who is trying to find the antidote for a parasite in Agent Loeb's body. Jones agrees to help her, but only in exchange for the opportunity to ask an associate one question. The response is a coded message picked up by Loeb, who is secretly working for Jones.

Receiving Jones' message, Loeb is soon able to proceed in creating a teleportation device once designed by Walter Bishop, and successfully teleports Jones out of prison, freeing him.

In "Ability" Jones turns himself over to the FBI, in exchange for Walter's help with the life-threatening side-effects of his teleportation. He then presents Olivia with a test: to prevent a biological bomb from detonating by turning off a series of lights only using her mind. Eventually, Olivia is able to do this, thanks to Walter's and Bell's Cortexiphan experiments conducted on her when she was a child. Jones then disappears again, leaving only a cryptic message: "You Passed".

In the Season 1 finale, Jones' former relationship to William Bell is revealed, as is his goal of trying to escape to the parallel universe to confront Bell, who Jones believes never saw his true potential. Everything done by Jones since his introduction in the series has been either to get in contact with Bell, or to prove himself worthy of Bell's approval.

He finally succeeds in opening a portal to the parallel universe, where Bell is located. However, the portal is dangerously unstable, threatening to cause severe harm to both universes. Peter is able to close the portal in time for it not to result in any real disaster. Jones, being only halfway through the portal, is cut in half and dies immediately.

In the Season 4 episode "Back to Where You've Never Been", David Robert Jones returns as a character in the alternate timeline created by Peter Bishop's deletion at the end of Season 3. With Peter's removal, Jones appears to have survived the portal crossing and is present in the alternate universe. He is revealed to be behind the "Human Shapeshifters" that are plaguing both universes and the alternate Broyles and Brandon appear to be under his control. At the end of season 4, he is electrocuted, causing him to disintegrate as an added effect of his earlier use of the teleportation device.

David Robert Jones is the birth name of David Bowie, who played a character named Thomas Jerome Newton in The Man Who Fell to Earth.

September (The Observer)

September (portrayed by Michael Cerveris), often referred to as The Observer, is a mysterious figure seen at the scene of many Pattern-related events. Like other Observers that have appeared on the show, September is only seen wearing a plain black suit and black fedora, and is pale, bald, and lacks eyebrows. They exhibit several strange mannerisms such as awkward phrasing when talking, a preference for extremely flavored, like spicy or salty foods due to an extremely dulled sense of taste, and the ability to appear or disappear when one looks away. They also use an alien written language with which they maintain copious documentation in small notebooks. Though the Fringe division is aware of the Observers, their intent is not yet known, though believed to be related to the Machine and the conflict between the two universes. They possess uniquely advanced technology, and appear to be temporally aware of time, including the ability to travel in time and between the two universes; the Fringe division finds evidence of Observers at several historical events but looking the same as they do in the present. Like September, the other Observers appear to be named after months, including "August" and "December". The episode "Inner Child" introduces the Fringe division to a child that appears to possess many Observer-like qualities.

In the episode "Peter", September is a catalyst in Walter's abduction of Peter from the parallel universe; September arrived wanting to see the creation of the cure by Walternate that would have saved Peter, but instead distracted Walternate from witnessing a critical test result. When September saw Walter watching through the window-like device, he informed his fellow Observers that he could correct the situation; later, after Walter returned with young Peter to the prime universe and fell through the frozen lake's ice, September rescued them from the freezing water and told Walter, "The child must live".

September and the other Observers have since monitored Walter and Peter. In the second season's finale, September is responsible for alerting the Fringe division to the dangers of Peter being taken back by Walternate to the parallel universe, ultimately leading to their rescue attempt. In the third-season episode "The Firefly", September conducts a convoluted experiment to test Walter's resolve to give up Peter for the greater good when the time comes.

In the third-season finale, episode "The Day We Died", a gathering of ten Observers appeared on Liberty Island to watch and comment on the disappearance of Peter Bishop from existence.

Later, he is ordered by his superior to ensure that Peter's status as nonexistent continues, and constructs a device to erase all lingering memories of Peter from Walter. However, at the last moment, he disobeys his orders and deactivates the device, allowing brief apparitions of Peter to appear to Walter and Olivia.

In "Novation" Peter mysteriously appears in the new timeline. After being taken into custody by the Fringe Division, he learns that the point of divergence in the timeline is that September never saved him from drowning in Reiden Lake when Walter brought him over from the alternate universe. He also learns that, in the new timeline, the Fringe Division is unaware of the existence of the Observers.

September later appears to Olivia while she waits for Peter and Lincoln to return from the alternate universe. Mysteriously wounded from a gunshot to the chest, he warns Olivia that he has seen all of the possible timelines, and the result is always the same: Olivia has to die. He then disappears before Olivia can call an ambulance to help him.

He resurfaces several episodes later in "The End of All Things", during Peter and Walter's search for the kidnapped Olivia, where he appears in Walter's lab, and is dying from the gunshot wound. In an attempt to discover the location of Olivia, Peter enters September's mind using the same method Olivia used to enter John's in the pilot. September has no information on Olivia, but does tell Peter that the Observers come from the future to observe their beginnings, and explains that he has interfered in the past. It is explained that this was an attempt to correct the timeline after accidentally preventing Walternate from discovering the cure to save Peter, thus beginning a chain of events that led to the war between the two universes. He also cryptically says, "they are coming". Before Peter can ask who, September tells Peter to "go home" and yanks him out of his mind. In the real world, September disappears from the lab, having been taken by the others.

In the next episode it is revealed that he planted a message in the form of a black dot in Peter's eye which contains an address in New York. Peter goes to the address to discover Observer technology in an apartment and a cylinder like the one in "The Arrival" which teleports a fully healed September to the apartment. Peter begs September to send him back to the original timeline but September assures him that this is where he is meant to be before teleporting away.

In the 5th season episodes "Anomaly XB-6783746" and "The Boy Must Live", it is revealed that after the events of the fourth season, the Observers removed September's observer technology and conducted "biological reversion" experiments on him, causing him to transform into a human. As a human, he assumed the name Donald O'Connor.

An Observer (either September or a different unnamed Observer) appeared in every episode of Fringe, albeit sometimes only as a brief cameo. As a tie-in with the show, actors playing Observers appeared in the audience of other FOX network shows, including American Idol and the 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

In creating the Observers, the producers had some idea of how they would be introduced into the show, starting as a background character and only becoming a significant figure by the midpoint of the first season. Though they had some idea of the Observers' role, they gave Cerveris much leeway to develop the character in the manner he wanted, from choosing the outfit he would wear to his language mannerisms. Cerveris further is credited with creating the written Observer language during his scenes in "The Arrival", which the production team later extrapolated into a complete language for the show.

Shapeshifters
Shapeshifters are androids from the parallel universe, possessing superhuman strength and damage thresholds, and acting as soldiers in the war between the universes. They are able to take the form of any person by using a device that plugs into the roof of their mouth and the mouth of the target. This process occurs after the shapeshifter has killed the target prior to the transformation; without the device, the shapeshifter is locked in its current form. Shapeshifters also may be programmed as sleeper agents, unaware of their unusual nature until they are activated. The primary characteristic differentiates a human and a shapeshifter is the large quantity of mercury in their blood, and the presence of a metallic data disc at the base of their spine. William Bell believes the shapeshifters were designed this way to withstand travel between the universes.

The first shapeshifter witnessed by the Fringe division is one that follows Olivia after her meeting with William from the parallel world in the second-season premiere, "A New Day in the Old Town". He eventually kills Charlie and takes his place, using his position to find the location of Newton before he is identified by Olivia and killed. Several other shapeshifters have been shown in the series, including one that aids in the parallel universe's Olivia's escape from the prime universe.

Peter Bishop later takes it upon himself to kill all of the remaining shapeshifters in the Prime Universe, after he is able to decode their sleeper identities from the files on Fauxlivia's computer. He successfully kills all of the ones identified, but it remains to be seen if he eliminated all of them.

Thomas Jerome Newton

Thomas Jerome Newton (portrayed by Sebastian Roché) is a leader among the shapeshifters and the main antagonist of Season 2.

When Olivia is transported to the parallel universe, she meets William Bell, who warns her that the shapeshifters active in her universe are looking for Newton, since his resurrection will make it possible for the shapeshifters to re-open the gateway between their universes. Olivia is returned to her universe, but does not remember the details of her meeting with Bell in time to stop the shapeshifters from succeeding in recovering Newton's cryogenically frozen head, and revive Newton.

Headed by Newton, the shapeshifters start tracking down and extracting pieces of brain tissue from three separate mental patients. Knowing that the three pieces were once taken from Walter's brain and when reinserted, they will cause Walter to remember how to open the gateway between the universes. Newton is then able to complete his first mission; He synchronizes the brain tissues, kidnaps Walter, reinserts them into Walter's brain, and then interrogates the scientist, gathering the information he needs.

Newton later re-surfaces, experimenting in opening portals to the parallel universe. Eventually he is able to successfully bring the shapeshifters' superior—simply referred to as "Mr. Secretary"—over to our universe. When Peter goes AWOL from Fringe Division upon learning of his real origin, he finds himself tracked by Newton and other shapeshifters. As Newton is finally able to corner Peter in his hotel room, he introduces him to his superior: the parallel universe United States Secretary of Defense, and likewise Peter's real father, the alternate Walter Bishop.

As alternate Walter successfully replaces Olivia with her parallel universe version, tension between Newton and Fauxlivia rises. When US Senator Van Horn is severely injured and revealed to be a shapeshifter, Newton orders him killed. In "Do Shapeshifters Dream of Electric Sheep?" Newton is finally caught by the FBI, but, by means of the alternate Olivia, he commits suicide before the Fringe division is able to get any information from him.

Thomas Jerome Newton is the name of David Bowie's character in The Man Who Fell to Earth; Bowie's own birth name was David Robert Jones.

Sam Weiss

 (portrayed by Kevin Corrigan) is a friend of Nina Sharp who operates at a bowling alley, and helped her with her physical therapy process after she lost her arm. After Olivia's first visit to the parallel universe, he helps Olivia regain her ability to walk, partially through showing her how to bowl. He begins to establish a friendship with her, and Olivia pays him another visit after learning the truth about Peter's origin. It is later discovered that Sam Weiss and his antecedents seem to possess knowledge about the First People and the operation of the doomsday machine.  The author of the English language First People book is shown to have been one "Seamus Wiles", published in the 1800s.

He also has other branches of mysterious knowledge, such as being able to predict that a series of seemingly random letters Olivia picks out will contain a message that would help her get over the death of Charlie. In the episode "The Last Sam Weiss", Sam explains that the name "Sam Weiss" has been handed down from several of his previous ancestors, the earliest having had found the bulk of the evidence on the First People, and that his line has been searching for more ever since. He is not mentioned after the episode "The Last Sam Weiss" until the ninth episode of the final season, when Olivia and Peter discover his body in a van, deducing that in this timeline, he died after the invasion protecting a signal tower, killing two observers and a loyalist in the process.

Elizabeth Bishop
Elizabeth Bishop (portrayed by Orla Brady) is Walter's wife in both universes. After Walter took the alternate Peter from the other universe, Elizabeth stayed at home with him, trying to convince Peter that she was his real mother. After running away from home, Peter finally comes to accept this Elizabeth as his mother, which later led to her suicide in 2000. The alternate version of Elizabeth is alive and well. When Peter returns to his home universe in "Over There", she is amazed to see him and bonds with him.

In the corrected timeline of season four, Elizabeth in the prime universe committed suicide shortly after losing her own Peter, and Walter failed to save the other Peter. Meanwhile her parallel universe counterpart continued to stay living, and also remained married to Walternate, who appeared to be estranged from her in the previous timeline. Peter ventures to her home in an attempt to have her convince Secretary Bishop to help him return to his timeline. She recognizes him for who he is, and agrees to take him to Secretary Bishop. In the following episode, she uses the Bridge to visit Walter in his Harvard lab. They have a lengthy conversation in which she forgives him for taking her son, and that Peter is not a punishment or a curse on him, as Walter had believed.

"Michael" / Anomaly XB-6783746
"Michael" is a child Observer (portrayed by Spencer List and later by Rowan Longworth), first introduced in the first-season episode "Inner Child" and later re-introduced in the fifth season. The name "Michael" is given to him by adoptive parents who protect him in the 2036 future, as shown in the episode "Black Blotter", while later Captain Windmark cites him as Anomaly XB-6783746 in the episode of the same name.

Michael, like other Observers, is pale and bald; however, he does not possess the implant used by other Observers to further boost their intelligence while suppressing their emotions (and allowing them to time-shift). He is mute, but is able to communicate via writing, symbolic gestures, or by touching others and implanting thoughts into them. He has an empathic connection with others, particularly Olivia, and in "Inner Child," is able to help her stop a serial murderer. At the end of that episode, he is taken into adoptive care; as he is driven off, he sees September watch the vehicle drive away.

In the fifth and final season, Michael is revealed to be part of the plan by Walter and September to stop the Observers. Sometime after the Purge by the Observers, Walter hides Michael in a pocket dimension with the help of September (now stripped of his powers and known as Donald) ("Through the Looking Glass and What Walter Found There"). After Walter and the rest of Fringe Amber themselves, Donald returns to the pocket universe to extract Michael, then sheltering him with former Resistance fighters who escape detection by isolating themselves on a remote island. In 2036, Fringe is able to track Michael down, after discovering that he's missing from the pocket universe.

Michael is revealed to be September's progeny, created from September's genetic material sometime in the early 27th century.  September purposely stopped the growth process, leaving Michael a child possessing both a powerful Observer-intellects and human emotion, creating an anomaly in danger of being destroyed by the Observers. September takes Michael to the past to hide him from the Observers. Much of September's machinations with Fringe in the first four seasons were to prepare Walter to use Michael for their plan to defeat the unemotional Observers ("The Boy Must Live"). In 2036, September, who has been made human by the Observers and has given himself the name of Donald O'Connor (after the actor in the movie "Singin' In The Rain") reveals his plan to take Michael to 2167, the year that human genetic experiments replacing all emotion with pure logic, will be performed. These experiments will ultimately lead to the creation of the Observers. Donald's plan is to convince the scientists of 2167 not to proceed with these experiments, by showing them that it is possible for humans to contain both logic and emotion and be peaceful, like Michael.

Minor characters
  August (portrayed by Peter Woodward) is an Observer. He was killed after going rogue against his fellow Observers in the season two episode "August".
  Diane Broyles (portrayed by Karen Holness) is Phillip Broyles' (ex-)wife, and the mother of his two children—a son named Christopher and a daughter. While in our universe, Diane has left Phillip because of his obsession with his work, in the parallel universe, the Broyles were still happily married until the alternate Phillip was killed.
  Canaan A prototype shapeshifter created by David Robert Jones and abandoned when he turned out flawed. Unlike the current shapeshifters he must periodically absorb DNA to survive  making him a form of DNA vampire. Helped the Fringe division track down Jones's base and was taken over to the prime universe to be examined by Walter to undo the damage Jones caused.
  Sally Clark (portrayed by Pascale Hutton) was one of the children that Walter and William Bell treated with Cortexiphan. She had the ability to create and control fire. Clark helped the Fringe team retrieve Peter from the parallel universe, but died after incinerating herself and the surrounding area.
  December (portrayed by Eugene Lipinski) is an Observer. December is one of the original 12 observers who came to the Fringe team's era to observe and report back to The Observers in the future. December appears to be the de facto leader of the 12 Observers. As September becomes more and more involved in helping and assisting Walter, Peter, Olivia, and Astrid, December strongly voices his opinions against it. In 2036, September (now called Donald O'Connor) goes to Apartment #513 to meet December. September asks December to help him find a final piece of a machine to reset time so that Observers never invade. December travels to 2609 to retrieve the piece. Olivia and Astrid arrive at his apartment to attain it, but December is found dead, hanged from the ceiling by the loyalists.
  Marilyn Dunham (portrayed by Amy Madigan and Ania Markiewicz) is Olivia's mother. While dead for many years in our universe, she is alive and well in the parallel universe, maintaining a close relationship with Fauxlivia.
  Rachel Dunham (portrayed by Ari Graynor) is Olivia's younger sister. She is the mother of Ella and resides with Olivia in a temporary living arrangement during season one, because of marriage difficulties. She seems to share a mutual attraction and several mutual interests with Peter Bishop which noticeably concerns her sister. However, following her moving out of Olivia's apartment in season two, nothing further develops between them. As of season three, Rachel has reconciled with her husband Greg, and lives with him in Chicago. The parallel universe version of Rachel died in child-birth along with her daughter. It is assumed that Alternate Rachel and Fauxlivia had a close bond.
  James Heath (portrayed by Omar Metwally) was one of the children that Walter and William Bell treated with Cortexiphan. The experiments left him with the ability to exchange energy with other Cortexiphan subjects. His ability allowed him to help the Fringe Division to open a portal to the parallel universe at the end of season two. However, the energy needed for doing so drained him, leading to his death.
  Henry Higgins (portrayed by Andre Royo) is a New York taxi driver in the parallel universe, becoming an ally in Olivia's struggle to get back to her original universe.
  Amy Jessup (portrayed by Meghan Markle) is an FBI agent with the New York Field Office introduced in the first episode of Season 2. She quickly becomes interested in and involved with Fringe Division. She seems more open to the existence of extraordinary phenomena than most other outsiders to the group, though it is suggested at the end of the episode that this may come from a religious standpoint.
  Rebecca Kibner (portrayed by Tegan Moss as a teenager, and Theresa Russell as an adult) is a former test subject of Walter's. When still a teenager she willingly subjected herself to hallucinogenics. During these experiments she got in contact with parallel dimension; and thus it was through Rebecca that Walter first learned about the parallel universe and some of its characteristics. Most notably she gained the ability to recognize shapeshifters. She apparently grew very fond of Walter, even sharing a kiss with him when they are reunited decades later.
  Nick Lane (portrayed by David Call) was one of the children that Walter and William Bell treated with Cortexiphan. He was partnered with Olivia during his time being treated, and had the ability to make people around him share his emotions. After learning to control his power, he helped Olivia and Walter cross over to the other universe to save Peter. He was shot and killed by Lincoln Lee, who seemed to know the alternate Nick.
  Johan Lennox (portrayed by Kenneth Tigar) is the warden of Wissenschaft Prison, the German correctional facility from where David Robert Jones escaped.
  Samantha Loeb (portrayed by Trini Alvarado) is Mitchell Loeb's wife and partner in crime. She is killed in a gunfight with Olivia.
  Edward Markham (portrayed by Clark Middleton) is a dealer of used books, and an old acquaintance of Peter's.
  Smith (portrayed by Roger R. Cross) acts as the right-hand man to the Shapeshifter and then to Thomas Jerome Newton. He is eventually shot dead by Olivia.
  Frank Stanton (portrayed by Philip Winchester) is a virologist and Fauxlivia's ex-fiancé.
  The Store Owner (portrayed by Stefan Arngrim) is the manager of the small Bronx typewriter shop. One of the store's back rooms hides one sole typewriter, through which parallel universe agents and shapeshifters communicate with their own dimension. Years prior to Olivia joining the Fringe division, the owner had been promised to have his injured legs healed in exchange for letting the alternate agents use his store. After Fauxlivia returns to the alternate universe, an alternate agent known as "the Librarian" finally injects the store owner with a fluid, effectively healing him.
  Senator James Van Horn (portrayed by Gerard Plunkett) oversees the Fringe team's work on behalf of Washington. When in a car accident, he is discovered to be a shapeshifter, and to have been so since before Olivia joined the team. It's discovered that he has been supplying "the other side" with information about the team all along. Attempts to reactivate his memories, in order to get more information on the over-all plan of the shapeshifters and the alternate Walter, fails.
  Carla Warren (portrayed by Jenni Blong) was Walter's lab assistant. She died in a fire, which resulted in Walter being sent to a mental hospital. She returned as one of Walter's hallucinations in Black Blotter.

References

Fringe


Wenning is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Wenning (born 1981), American skateboarder
Gregor Wenning (born 1964), German neurologist
Keith Wenning (born 1991), American football player
Michael Wenning (born 1935), American minister
Pieter Wenning (1873–1921), South African painter and etcher


The 87th edition of the KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) started on 7 August 2004. The final was played on 29 May 2005. PSV beat Willem II 4–0, winning the trophy for the eighth time.

Participants
A total of 85 clubs participated in this year's edition:
 18 clubs from the 2004–05 Eredivisie
 19 clubs from the Eerste Divisie 2004–05
 46 amateurs clubs from the Hoofdklasse and below
 2 youth teams

First round
The matches of the first round were played on August 7 and 10, 2004.

E Eredivisie; 1 Eerste Divisie; A Amateur teams

Second round
The matches of the second round were played on September 21, and 22, 2005. NEC Nijmegen received a bye for the first round and entered the tournament here.

E one Eredivisie entrant

Third round
The matches of the third round were played on November 9, and 10, 2004.

Round of 16
The matches were played on January 25, 26 and 27, 2005. Six Eredivisie clubs entered the tournament here, because they had been playing in the Champions League and UEFA Cup.

E six Eredivisie entrants

Quarter-finals
The matches were played on 1-2 March 2005.

Semi-finals

Final

PSV also won the Dutch Eredivisie championship, thereby taking the double. They would participate in the Champions League, so finalists Willem II could play in the UEFA Cup.

See also
 2004–05 Eredivisie
 Eerste Divisie 2004–05

External links
 Results by Ronald Zwiers

2004-05
2004–05 domestic association football cups
2004–05 in Dutch football


Open Options Corporation is a privately owned business strategy consulting company that specializes in applied game theory and business war games where there are multiple stakeholders who can all influence the final outcome of a particular situation.

Open Options’ original software development was funded by the CIA through a company called Waterloo Engineering Software. The software was designed to help the American government better anticipate the collapse of the Soviet Union into many different breakaway republics. The software was based on academic research by Dr. Niall Fraser from the University of Waterloo. Dr. Fraser has written several books on game theory including Mathematical Modeling of Resolutions of Conflict and Conflict Analysis: Models and Resolutions. Open Options is led by Canadian Engineer, Management Scientist and businessman Tim Jeske.

Open Options uses a type of game theory called Ordinal Non-cooperative Game Theory which is a less well-known sub-section of game theory. However, this approach and proprietary software enables Open Options to analyze millions of possible outcomes.

References

External links
Official Website

Organizations related to game theory
Business planning
Strategy consulting firms


A Symphony of Hits is the eighth studio album by Australian pop vocal group Human Nature.  The album includes reworking of some of their past hits and several new cover versions all with arrangements by Prague Philharmonic Orchestra. Australian superstar Darren Hayes is featured on "When You Say You Love Me", a re-working of the group's 2004 hit which Hayes wrote.

To celebrate the release of the album Human Nature performed the brand new versions of their multi-platinum hits with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra at Sydney Opera House on 12 and 13 December conducted by Guy Noble.

They then performed in February 2009 with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra and the West Australian Symphony Orchestra.

Track listing
"People Get Ready" (Curtis Mayfield) 4:22
"Everytime You Cry" (Peiken, Sutton) 4:22
"Wishes" (Alan Glass, Andrew Klippel) 4:14
"All Out of Love" (Graham Russell, Clive Davis) 4:04
"Got to Get You into My Life" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) 2:36
"She's Leaving Home" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) 3:36
"Eternal Flame" (Susanna Hoffs, Tom Kelly, Billy Steinberg) 3:16
"When You Say You Love Me" (Darren Hayes, Rick Nowels) 4:27
"Don't Say Goodbye" (Andrew Tierney, Paul Begaud, Michael Tierney) 4:21
"Reach Out (I'll Be There)" (Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland, Edward Holland, Jr.) 3:32
"The Tracks of My Tears" (Pete Moore, Smokey Robinson, Marv Tarplin) 3:05
"Cruel" (Andrew Klippel, Shep Solomon) 4:53
"Danny Boy" (Frederic Weatherly) 4:14
"Last Christmas" (George Michael) 3:23

Charts

Certifications

References

Human Nature (band) albums
2008 albums
Covers albums


Ladislav Pecko (born 27 June 1968) is a retired Slovak football player and later a football manager who was last head coach of MFK Dolný Kubín. He played 6 matches for Slovakia and spent most of career in ŠK Slovan Bratislava. His playing position was right-wing back.

Pecko made three league appearances for FK Drnovice in the Czech first division.

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
People from Čadca District
Footballers from the Žilina Region
Slovak men's footballers
Slovakia men's international footballers
Czechoslovak men's footballers
Czechoslovakia men's international footballers
Slovak First Football League players
ŠK Slovan Bratislava players
Czech First League players
1. FK Drnovice players
Slovak football managers
Slovak First Football League managers
ŠK Slovan Bratislava managers
1. FC Tatran Prešov managers
MFK Ružomberok managers
Dual men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders


The Swansea Blitz was the heavy and sustained bombing of Swansea by the German Luftwaffe from 19 to 21 February 1941. A total of 230 people were killed and 397 were injured. Swansea was selected by the Germans as a legitimate strategic target due to its importance as a port and docks and the oil refinery just beyond, and its destruction was key to Nazi German war efforts as part of their strategic bombing campaign aimed at crippling coal export and demoralizing civilians and emergency services.

PRA planning

With the passing of the Air Raid Precaution Act of 1937, Swansea Council was responsible for instigating civil defence measures to protect the local population of 167,000 people. The local authority looked into building communal air raid shelters and setting up the necessary rescue and fire services.

With the threat of war with Germany growing towards the end of the 1930s, Swansea council had built over 500 communal air raid shelters as well as providing Anderson shelters for domestic premises. With the outbreak of war in September 1939, the pace of providing shelters increased further. To complement the already-built communal shelters, the council requisitioned cellars and basements as makeshift shelters.

Those with gardens often built Anderson shelters to take refuge in. However, not everyone was so fortunate, and others had to use crowded public shelters. In late 1940, Morrison shelters were introduced, which were not much more than a steel table to hide under inside the house. Others made a nightly trek to nearby rural areas, sleeping in tents, cars, or even on the beach.

Bombing raids

First raid, June 1940
The first air raid on Swansea commenced at 3.30 am on 27 June 1940. An initial marker flare was dropped by a Luftwaffe plane, and the following bombers dropped high explosives to the east of the city centre in the Danygraig residential area. The raid was relatively light, with no casualties reported to the ARP controllers. A number of unexploded bombs were discovered in the Kilvey Hill area.

The Three Nights' Blitz

Through the rest of 1940, Swansea was targeted by single and small groups of enemy bombers. There were several small-scale raids in January 1941, but the worst bombing period occurred over three nights on 19, 20, and 21 February 1941. This period, to become known as the Three Nights' Blitz, started at 7.30 pm on 19 February.

On the first night, the building housing both the Regimental HQ of 79th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery and the Gun Operations Room (GOR) at Swansea was destroyed by a bomb. Two officers and five other ranks were killed or died of wounds, but the guns continued firing under local control, and communications were maintained.

On the evening of 21 February, there was confusion between the Sector Operations Room at RAF Pembrey and the temporary Swansea GOR. This resulted in the guns ceasing fire between 20.20 and 21.10, and as no Night fighters arrived, the town centre was left unprotected. Although some raiders were shot down once the restriction was lifted, the centre of Swansea was devastated, and fires and delayed-action bombs destroyed communications.

By the time the "all clear" siren sounded after three days, major parts of Brynhyfryd, Townhill, and Manselton had been destroyed, and 230 people were dead and 409 injured. Moreover, 7,000 people had lost their homes. The city centre suffered direct hits that started major conflagrations destroying many commercial premises, including the Ben Evans department store and the Victorian market.

Over the three nights of the blitz, a total of nearly 14 hours of enemy activity were recorded. 1,273 high explosive bombs and 56,000 Incendiary bombs were estimated to have been dropped. An area measuring approximately 41 acres was targeted, with 857 properties destroyed and 11,000 damaged. To raise morale following the blitz, the King and Queen as well as the prime minister, Winston Churchill, visited Swansea.

Further bombing
Swansea was the target for several more raids, with the last being recorded on 16 February 1943.

School bombed

The 19th-century grammar school that had stood on Mount Pleasant Hill since 1851 and was the alma mater of Dylan Thomas, Roy Jenkins, and Bryan Phillips took a direct hit and was severely damaged. The science laboratories, gymnasium, and workshops survived, however, and teaching was soon resumed for older boys by using rooms in what had been the headmaster's house. Younger boys were relocated to a nearby vacant 'deaf-and-dumb' school building, which had evacuated its pupils to the country. This hurriedly improvised arrangement endured until 1949. The headmaster, J. Gray Morgan, was largely responsible for this effort to avoid disrupted schooling.

Notes

References
 Basil Collier, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom, London: HM Stationery Office, 1957.
 Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, .
 Col J.D. Sainsbury, The Hertfordshire Yeomanry Regiments, Royal Artillery, Part 2: The Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment 1938–1945 and the Searchlight Battery 1937–1945, Welwyn: Hertfordshire Yeomanry and Artillery Trust/Hart Books, 2003, .

External links
BBC
Swansea Blitz feature on Youtube
Warden remembers Swansea Blitz (BBC Wales)
Scars of the blitz remain (BBC Wales)
Pictures of the Swansea Blitz

The Blitz j
History of Swansea
1941 in military history
1941 in Wales
20th century in Swansea
1940s in Glamorgan


Branik Castle (, ), also known as Rihemberk Castle (Grad Rihemberk, ), is a 13th-century castle above the village of Branik, near the city of Nova Gorica in southwestern Slovenia.

History

Fortified settlements have been present on the hill above what is now the village of Branik since prehistoric times; the site was once occupied by a Roman castrum. The date of the founding of the castle is unclear, but the noble house of Rihemberk () is first recorded in 1230, originating from Riffenstein in Tyrol, now the castle of Reifenstein in Freienfeld, northern Italy. The name Rihemberk derives from the name of the family's former castle, and is a compound of the German words Riffe ("ridge") and Berg ("mountain"). The family received substantial properties in fief from the Counts of Gorizia, including estates in the Vipava Valley, the Karst Plateau, in the outskirts of the town of Gorizia and elsewhere. The Rihemberg male line died out in 1371. In the 14th and 15th centuries the lordship contracted to the immediate surroundings of Rihemberk, a small part of the Vipava Valley, and the Karst Plateau. After the Counts of Gorizia died out in 1500, the castle passed to the Habsburgs. In 1528 both it and the surrounding lands were acquired by the noble house of Lanthieri, who added a residential palacio in 1649. The Lanthieris retained the castle for a full 417 years, until World War II. On the night of 22 July 1944, the Partisans burned and dynamited the castle. All of its furnishings were destroyed. In 1945, the castle was nationalized. Since the 1980s, it has since been gradually restored, though all prewar structures have not yet been fully rebuilt.

In 1999, the castle was declared a cultural monument of national importance.

Architecture

The Romanesque foundations of the castle are still evident in some places. The castle complex is centered on a prominent 13th-century round keep, around which a substantial Baroque residential tract was later developed, all surrounded with Renaissance defensive walls and 16th century corner turrets. The older structures contain some Gothic elements, notably the castle chapel.

The building took its current shape in the 17th/18th centuries, when it was turned into a Baroque residence. Significant remodeling was carried out in the 19th century as well, notably the romantic crenellations of the walls.

A partially preserved walled garden once occupied the south slope below the castle. The design of the entrance gate suggests the garden belongs to the Baroque period of the castle.

Gallery

References

External links

Branik Castle on Geopedia
Satellite photo
Leon Hmeljak: Gallery of castle photos

Castles in the Slovene Littoral
City Municipality of Nova Gorica


The Treasurer (or often also translated as Chancellor) in Ancient Egypt is the modern translation of the title imi-r ḫtmt (word by word: Overseer of the Seal or Overseer of sealed things). The office is known since the end of the Old Kingdom, where people with this title appear sporadically in the organization of private estates.

In the Middle Kingdom, the office became one of the most important ones at the royal court. At the end of the 18th Dynasty, the title lost its importance, although the famous Bay had this office. In the later New Kingdom the function of a treasurer was overtaken by the overseer of the treasury.

The treasurer was responsible for products coming to the royal palace. They were the main economic administrator of the royal belongings.

Middle Kingdom title holders

Bebi, was later appointed vizier, under Mentuhotep II
Kheti, under Mentuhotep II
Meketre, under Mentuhotep II and after
Ipi, under Amenemhet I
Rehuerdjersen, under Amenemhet I or later
Sobekhotep, under Senusret I, year 22
Mentuhotep, under Senusret I
Merykau, under Amenemhat II
Siese, was later appointed vizier, under Amenemhat II
Senankh, under Senusret III
Sobekemhat under Senusret III
Iykhernofret, under Senusret III
Senusretankh, under Amenemhat III
Senebsumai, Thirteenth Dynasty
Senebi, Thirteenth Dynasty
Amenhotep, Thirteenth Dynasty

New Kingdom title holders

Neferperet, under  Ahmose I
Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet, under  Ahmose I to Hatshepsut
Nehsi, under Hatshepsut
Tay, under Hatshepsut
Sennefer, under Thutmose III
Min, under Thutmose III
Sobekhotep, under Thutmose IV
Meryre, under Amenhotep III
Ptahmose, under Amenhotep III, after year 30
Bay, under Seti II

Late Period
Udjahorresnet, under Cambyses II and Darius I

References

Literature
Stephen Quirke: Titles and bureaux of Egypt 1850-1700 BC, London 2004 p. 48-49

Ancient Egyptian titles

Historical management occupations


On the Edge of Peace is the first co-production film by Israeli and Palestinian filmmakers. The documentary film involves a group of three Palestinians and three Israelis documenting their own lives, through intimate video diaries. The videos diaries in the film, span from the signing of the Oslo Accords to Yasser Arafat's return to Gaza in 1994.

Summary
On The Edge of Peace shows the varied effects of politics on individuals' lives through the video diaries as well as media coverage on the political events that took place. The film also amplifies the perspectives of those in refugee camps, kibbutz settlements, and cities during the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

References

See also
Other Similar Israeli films:
The Land of the Settlers
My Dearest Enemy
All Hell Broke Loose
Reach for the Sky
The Temple Mount is Mine
The Skies are Closer in Homesh

External links
The Jewish Channel's review
The film's official website

Documentary films about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Israeli documentary films
Palestinian documentary films
1994 films
1994 documentary films
Yitzhak Rabin
Yasser Arafat


Marte Reenaas (born 20 January 1979) is a Norwegian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. She won a gold medal in the relay event at the World Ski Orienteering Championships in Levi in 2005, together with Kjersti Reenaas and Stine Hjermstad Kirkevik. She received a bronze medal in the long distance in Moscow in 2007.

References

1979 births
Living people
Norwegian orienteers
Female orienteers
Ski-orienteers
21st-century Norwegian women
21st-century Norwegian people


Hilde Krahl (10 January 1917 – 28 June 1999) was an Austrian film actress. She appeared in 70 films between 1936 and 1994. She was born Hildegard Kolačný in Brod, Austria-Hungary (now Slavonski Brod, Croatia) in 1917, and she died in Vienna, Austria in 1999. In 1944 she married Wolfgang Liebeneiner; their daughter Johanna Liebeneiner also became a famous actress.

Filmography

 The Fairy Doll (1936)
 Girls' Dormitory (1936)
 Lumpaci the Vagabond (1936)
 Serenade (1937)
 Gastspiel im Paradies (1938)
 Der Hampelmann (1938)
 The Merciful Lie (1939)
 Der Weg zu Isabel (1940)
 Donauschiffer (1940)
 Herz – modern möbliert (1940)
 Der Postmeister (1940)
 The Comedians (1941)
 Her Other Self (1941)
 Anuschka (1942)
 Meine Freundin Josefine (1942)
 Melody of a Great City (1943)
 Dreaming (1944)
 Life Goes On (1945)
 Love '47 (1949)
 Law of Love (1949)
 My Niece Susanne (1950)
 Shadows in the Night (1950)
 When a Woman Loves (1950)
  White Shadows (1951)
 Gateway to Peace (1951)
 A Devil of a Woman (1951)
 No Greater Love (1952)
 1. April 2000 (1952)
 The Venus of Tivoli (1953)
 The Mosquito (1954)
 The Eternal Waltz (1954)
 Marriage Impostor (1954)
 Children, Mother, and the General (1955)
 The Doctor's Secret (1955)
 One Woman Is Not Enough? (1955)
 Night of Decision (1956)
 My Father, the Actor (1956)
 A Glass of Water (1960)
 Terror After Midnight (1962)
  (1963)
 Derrick - Season 3, Episode 9: "Ein unbegreiflicher Typ" (1976, TV)

External links

 Photographs and literature

1917 births
1999 deaths
Austrian film actresses
Croatian Austro-Hungarians
Croatian people of Czech descent
Austrian people of Czech descent
People from Slavonski Brod
Best Actress German Film Award winners
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Burials at the Ostfriedhof (Munich)
20th-century Austrian actresses


The DFA Remixes is a series of two remix compilations by influential dance-punk production duo The DFA (James Murphy and Tim Goldsworthy). Unlike previous DFA releases, these are remixes of other artists' work.

The first album in the series, Chapter One, was released on 27 March 2006 in the UK and 4 April 2006 in the US. The second album, Chapter Two, was released on the 2 October 2006 in the UK and 3 October in the US. The series was released on CD and vinyl with different track listings.

Chapter One

CD
 Le Tigre – "Deceptacon" - 6:23
 Blues Explosion – "Mars, Arizona" - 10:42
 The Chemical Brothers – "The Boxer" - 9:36
 Soulwax – "Another Excuse" - 7:58
 Radio 4 – "Dance To The Underground" - 9:02
 Fischerspooner – "Emerge" - 4:16
 Gorillaz – "Dare" - 12:11
 Metro Area – "Orange Alert" - 5:41
 Hot Chip – "(Just Like We) Breakdown" - 8:32

Vinyl
 A. Gorillaz - "Dare" - 12:11
 B. Radio 4 - "Dance To The Underground" - 9:02
 C1. Le Tigre - "Deceptacon" - 6:23
 C2. Metro Area - "Orange Alert" - 5:41
 D. Blues Explosion - "Mars, Arizona" - 10:42

Chapter Two

CD
 Tiga - "Far From Home"
 Junior Senior - "Shake Your Coconuts"
 Hot Chip - "Colours"
 N.E.R.D - "She Wants To Move"
 Nine Inch Nails - "The Hand That Feeds"
 Goldfrapp - "Slide In"
 Chromeo - "Destination Overdrive"
 UNKLE - "In A State"

2x12"
A. Tiga - "Far From Home" Instrumental
B1. Junior Senior - "Shake Your Coconuts"
B2. Chromeo - "Destination Overdrive"
C. Goldfrapp - "Slide In" Instrumental
D. UNKLE - "In A State"

Dance-punk albums
DFA Records albums
Compilation album series
2006 remix albums
DFA Records remix albums
DFA Records compilation albums
2006 compilation albums


The following is a list of political parties that promote the interests of pensioners.

Argentina
Pensioners' White Party ()

Australia
 Seniors United Party of Australia (2015-2022)
 Pensioner and Citizen Initiated Referendum Alliance (1982-1999)
 Grey Power (Australia) (1983-1997)
 Pensioner Power Association of Australia, (1968-1972)

Belgium
Becoming older worthily (Waardig Ouder Worden) (active in 1993-2000), got 1 provincial councillor and several municipal and district councillors in Flanders in 1994. Most of its councillors defected to the far right Flemish Blok just before the next elections in 2000, two had defected earlier to the Flemish Liberal Party.
Pensioners' Party (Parti des pensionnés), or Pensioners' and Retired People's Party (Parti des pensionnés et des retraités), had one list at the 2009 regional elections and one at the 2010 federal ones, and several lists at the 2012 provincial and municipal elections, only in Liège Province (Wallonia).  Political scientists rank this party among the far right, its spokesman is an activist in the local Pegida branch.

Bosnia
Party of United Pensioners
 Pensioners' Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Pensioners' Party of the Republika Srpska

Brazil
 Party of the Nation's Retirees (Brazil)

Chile
Pensioners' Party ()

Croatia
 Croatian Party of Pensioners (Croatia)

Czech Republic
Pensioners for Life Security

Denmark
 Active Pensionists (Denmark)

Germany
 The Grays – Gray Panthers (Germany, no longer active)
 Pensioners and Retirees Party (Bündnis 21/RRP)

Hungary
 Pensioners' Party (Hungary, no longer active)

Israel
 Generations who Built the Land (Dor), originally Pensioners of Israel to the Knesset (Gil)
 Justice for the Elderly (faction)

Italy
 United Pensioners
 Pensioners' Party
 Pensioners' National Party (dissolved)

Luxembourg
 Alternative Democratic Reform Party (Luxembourg)
 Party of the Third Age (Luxembourg, disbanded)

Netherlands
 50PLUS
 Party for the Future (dissolved)
 General Elderly Alliance (dissolved)
 Union 55+ (dissolved)

New Zealand
New Zealand First- core social constituency are elderly voters.
Conservative Party of New Zealand- contesting elderly vote through appeal to social conservatism

Norway
 Pensioners Party (Norway)

Portugal
 United Party of Retirees and Pensioners

Serbia
 Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS)

Ukraine
 Party of Pensioners of Ukraine
 Party of Protection of Pensioners of Ukraine
 Bloc of the Party of Pensioners of Ukraine (Ukraine)

United Kingdom
 Pensioners Party (England) (defunct, 2013)
 Senior Citizens Party (defunct, 2014)
 Scottish Senior Citizens Unity Party

Russia
 Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice

Slovenia
 Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia (Slovenia)

Sweden
 Swedish Senior Citizen Interest Party

References

Pensioners


Ireland participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "Et Cetera" written by Niall Mooney, Jonas Gladnikoff, Daniele Moretti and Christina Schilling. The song was performed by Sinéad Mulvey and the band Black Daisy. The Irish broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) organised the national final Eurosong 2009 in order to select the Irish entry for the 2009 contest in Moscow, Russia. Six songs faced the votes of four regional juries and a public televote, ultimately resulting in the selection of "Et Cetera" performed by Sinéad Mulvey and Black Daisy as the Irish Eurovision entry.

Ireland was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 14 May 2009. Performing during the show in position 2, "Et Cetera" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Ireland placed eleventh out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 52 points.

Background

Prior to the 2009 contest, Ireland had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest forty-two times since its first entry in 1965. Ireland has won the contest a record seven times in total. The country's first win came in 1970, with then-18-year-old Dana winning with "All Kinds of Everything". Ireland holds the record for being the only country to win the contest three times in a row (in 1992, 1993 and 1994), as well as having the only three-time winner (Johnny Logan, who won in 1980 as a singer, 1987 as a singer-songwriter, and again in 1992 as a songwriter). The Irish entry in 2008, "Irelande Douze Pointe" performed by Dustin the Turkey, failed to qualify to the final.

The Irish national broadcaster, Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), broadcasts the event within Ireland and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. RTÉ confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest on 28 October 2008. In 2008, RTÉ had set up the national final Eurosong to choose both the song and performer to compete at Eurovision for Ireland, with both the public and regional jury groups involved in the selection. For the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest, RTÉ announced on 18 December 2008 the organisation of Eurosong 2009 to choose the artist and song to represent Ireland at the contest, following speculation that RTÉ were in talks with former contest winner Johnny Logan to represent Ireland in Moscow due to the economic downturn in the country that made the organisation of a planned national final impossible.

Before Eurovision

Eurosong 2009
Eurosong 2009 was the national final format developed by RTÉ in order to select Ireland's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2009. The competition was held on 20 February 2009 at the Studio 4 of RTÉ in Dublin, hosted by Pat Kenny and broadcast on RTÉ One as well as online via the broadcaster's official website rte.ie during a special edition of The Late Late Show.

Competing entries
On 18 December 2008, RTÉ opened a submission period where artists and composers were able to submit their entries for the competition until 2 February 2009. Artists were also required to indicate the performance and staging details of their song. At the closing of the deadline, 300 entries were received. Six finalists were selected by a five-member jury panel appointed by RTÉ: singer and former contest winner Linda Martin, Universal Music Ireland director Mark Crossingham, agent and choreographer Julian Benson, broadcaster Larry Gogan and chairman of OGAE Ireland Diarmuid Furlong. All of the submissions were evaluated based on four criteria: suitability of the song for Eurovision, quality of the artist, experience of the artist and stage appeal of the artist. The finalists were announced on 13 February 2009, while their songs were presented on 21 February 2009 during The Derek Mooney Show on RTÉ Radio 1.

Final
The national final took place on 20 February 2009 and featured guest performances from former contest winners Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan as well as commentary from a panel that consisted of commentator Marty Whelan, singer and former contest winner Linda Martin and talk show host Jerry Springer. Following the 50/50 combination of votes from four regional juries and public televoting, "Et Cetera" performed by Sinéad Mulvey and Black Daisy was selected as the winner.

Promotion
Sinéad Mulvey and Black Daisy made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Et Cetera" as the Irish Eurovision entry. On 17 April, Mulvey and Black Daisy performed during the UKEurovision Preview Party, which was held at the La Scala venue in London, United Kingdom and hosted by Nicki French and Paddy O'Connell. On 18 April, Mulvey and Black Daisy performed during the Eurovision Promo Concert, which was held at the Café de Paris venue in Amsterdam, Netherlands and hosted by Marga Bult and Maggie MacNeal. In addition to their international appearances, Sinéad Mulvey and Black Daisy completed promotional appearances on RTÉ One programmes in Ireland, including a performance of "Et Cetera" during The Late Late Show on 1 May.

"Et Cetera" was released as a single by Sony Music on 1 May 2009 in Ireland, as both a physical CD single and as a digital download. It debuted on the Irish charts at #15 and peaked at #6.

At Eurovision

According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 30 January 2009, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals. Ireland was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 14 May 2009. The running order for the semi-finals was decided through another draw on 16 March 2009 and Ireland was set to perform in position 2, following the entry from Croatia and before the entry from Latvia.

In Ireland, the semi-finals and the final were broadcast on RTÉ One with commentary by Marty Whelan. The second semi-final and final were also broadcast via radio on RTÉ Radio 1 with commentary by former contestant Maxi. The Irish spokesperson, who announced the Irish votes during the final, was Derek Mooney.

Semi-final
Sinéad Mulvey and Black Daisy took part in technical rehearsals on 5 and 8 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 13 and 14 May. The Irish performance featured a band set-up with Sinéad Mulvey and the members of Black Daisy dressed in black and pink. The LED screens displayed black and white moving letters and the words "Et Cetera" with the stage lighting situated directly at the back part of the stage which was accompanied by stroboscope-like effects. The performance also featured the use of a wind machine. Mulvey and the members of Black Daisy were joined on stage by a backing vocalist: Jenny Newman.

At the end of the show, Ireland was not announced among the top 10 entries in the second semi-final and therefore failed to qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Ireland placed eleventh in the semi-final, receiving a total of 52 points.

Voting
The voting system for 2009 involved each country awarding points from 1–8, 10 and 12, with the points in the final being decided by a combination of 50% national jury and 50% televoting. Each nation's jury consisted of five music industry professionals who are citizens of the country they represent. This jury judged each entry based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury was permitted to be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently.

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Ireland and awarded by Ireland in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Lithuania in the semi-final and to Iceland in the final of the contest.

Points awarded to Ireland

Points awarded by Ireland

Detailed voting results
The following five members comprised the Irish jury:

 Linda Martin – singer, winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 1992, represented Ireland also in the 1984 Contest
 Paul Harrington – musician, winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994
 Bill Hughes – producer
 Emma O'Driscoll – singer, television personality
 Luan Parle – singer, songwriter

References

2009
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Eurovision
Eurovision


Mathew D. "Mat" Staver is an American lawyer and former pastor of several Seventh-day Adventist churches who became a Southern Baptist. He is a former dean of Liberty University's law school. In 1989, he founded the nonprofit organization Liberty Counsel, where he serves as chairman. ProPublica called him "a leading Christian legal theorist."

Education

Staver received a B.A. in theology from Southern Missionary College, an M.A. in religion from Andrews University, and a Juris Doctor from the University of Kentucky. During college he began a process which led him to later leave the SDA church and eventually attend a Southern Baptist church.

Career
He was the pastor of three churches in Kentucky that belonged to an evangelical Protestant denomination known as the Christian Church.

In 1990, he criticized the ACLU's efforts that led to removal of a Latin cross from the top of the St. Cloud, Florida water tower, stating that Liberty Counsel would be "a Christian antithesis to the ACLU."

In 2000, he represented absentee voters in the Bush v. Gore election case.

A Young Earth creationist who believes that intelligent design should be taught in public schools, Staver also denies Darwinian evolution.

He has argued before the Supreme Court of the United States twice, before most of the federal courts of appeals, and has testified before the United States Congress.

In 2005, he opposed the nomination of Harriet Miers to the United States Supreme Court.

Staver served as the dean of the Liberty University School of Law from 2006 to 2014.

In 2011 he was added to the Commission on Accountability and Policy for Religious Organizations, which was established by Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley.

In October 2015, Staver claimed that 100,000 people gathered in Peru to support Kim Davis in support of her refusal to issue marriage licenses. The event was shown to have happened more than a year earlier and was unrelated to Davis. Liberty Counsel issued a press release, stating that Staver had relied on a member of the Congress of the Republic of Peru for the information on the rally.

In 2016, Staver served on the resolutions committee for the Southern Baptist Convention.

In late 2018 he voiced his opposition to including gender identity and sexual orientation in a senate bill that would make lynching a federal crime. Staver "pushed back against mainstream media coverage, and explained that while no one can or should oppose a bill banning lynching, there were provisions in it that served an ill purpose."

In 2020, he represented a Tampa, Florida pastor who was arrested for holding church services when the county had mandated churches to close. Charges against the pastor were later dropped.

Staver favors allowing religious exemptions to Covid-19 vaccine mandates.

Legal cases

Staver practices law on behalf of Liberty Counsel.

References

External links

Living people
University of Kentucky alumni
Andrews University alumni
Southern Adventist University alumni
American lawyers
Liberty University people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Former Seventh-day Adventists
Southern Baptists
American Christian Young Earth creationists


Class 19 may refer to:

 Caledonian Railway 19 Class, 0-4-4T steam locomotives
 Belgian Railways Class 19, electric locomotives
 British Rail Class 19, an experimental locomotive
 DRG Class 19,  2-8-2 express train, tender locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn:
 DRG Class 19.0
 DRB Class 19.1
 DRB Class 19.10
 GER Class T19
 KTM Class 19, diesel-electric shunting locomotives
 New South Wales Z19 class locomotive, 0-6-0 steam locomotives
 O 19-class submarine

See also

 No.19 class minesweeper


New Edition ~Maximum Hits~ is MAX's third remix compilation. The album was released to celebrate the return of the original line-up of MAX and includes 12 brand new remixes of some of their biggest hits. The album was released in a standalone CD format as well as a CD and DVD package on December 10, 2008. The CD and DVD package contains 12 original music videos and a behind-the-scenes look at the photography for the album. A new song, "Are You Ready?" was included as a bonus track.

Track listing

CD - New mix

DVD - Original video clips

Charts
Album - Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

MAX (band) albums
2008 remix albums
Avex Group remix albums


Harold "Hal" L. Sirkin (born 1959, died 2022) is an American business consultant and author, who often writes about trends in innovation and global business competition. He graduated summa cum laude from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1980 with a B.S. in Economics, and from the University of Chicago in 1981 with an M.B.A.  He is also a professor at Kellogg School of Management and a CPA.

Career
He is the co-author of two books: Payback: Reaping the Rewards of Innovation, which advises companies to adopt a systematic approach to innovation, and Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything, which explores strategies for economic competition under globality, the end state of globalization. Payback was named one of the "Best Innovation and Design Books for 2006" by BusinessWeek magazine. Globality was picked by The Economist as one of the best business books of 2008. Sirkin has also contributed to Time and the Harvard Business Review.

Selected bibliography

Books

 Sirkin, Harold L.; Hemerling, James W.; Bhattacharya, Arindam K; with John Butman (2008). Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything. New York: Business Plus:
 Sirkin, Harold L.; Andrew, James P.; Butman, John (2007). Payback: Reaping the Rewards of Innovation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press:
 Sirkin, Harold L.; Rose, Justin R.; Zinser, Michael (2012). The US Manufacturing Renaissance: How Shifting Global Economics Are Creating an American Comeback. Philadelphia, PA: Knowledge at Wharton:

See also
Boston Consulting Group
Globality

References

External links
Globality (Boston Consulting Group website dedicated to the book by Sirkin et al.)
 BusinessWeek. "Why Multinationals Need Chinese MBAs". January 9, 2006.
 BusinessWeek. "Being Global". July 14, 2008.
 Knowledge@Wharton. "Whether You Agree with Globality of Disagree, Don't Ignore It". August 20, 2008.
 BusinessWeek. "Global Talent Growth". September 15, 2008.
 Knowledge@Wharton. "BCG's Hal Sirkin on 'Globality' and the New Two-way Street of Global Business". September 22, 2008
 The Washington Post. "Competing With Everybody From Everywhere For Everything". November 3, 2008.
 Knowledge@Wharton. "'Globality': Why Companies Are Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything". November 20, 2008.
 The Economist. "Books of the Year". December 4, 2008.
 Hal Sirkin’s commentaries on bcg.perspectives

1959 births
American business writers
American consultants
Boston Consulting Group people
Businesspeople from New York City
Living people
University of Chicago Booth School of Business alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
Writers from New York City