The 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began on November 10, 2008, and ended with the 2009 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament's championship game on April 6, 2009, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. The season saw six different teams achieve the AP #1 ranking during the year (just one shy of the NCAA record). Oklahoma sophomore Blake Griffin was the dominant individual performer, sweeping National Player of the Year honors. The season began with North Carolina becoming the first unanimous preseason #1 team, and ended with the Tar Heels dominating the NCAA tournament en route to their fifth NCAA title. UNC won its six NCAA tournament games by double digits, and by an average of 19.8 points per game. Junior Wayne Ellington was named Final Four Most Outstanding Player.

Season headlines
 The North Carolina Tar Heels became the first team in history to be the unanimous #1 team in the AP preseason poll. The ranking came based on UNC returning the majority of their Final Four squad from the year before, most notably Tyler Hansbrough, who became the first reigning National player of the year to return to school since Shaquille O'Neal in the 1991–92 season.
 Blake Griffin was named the Associated Press, the John Wooden Award, the Naismith Award and the Sporting News player of the year for the 2008–2009 college basketball season. When combined with Sam Bradford's Heisman Trophy, Oklahoma became the first school to have a top winner in both basketball and football in the same year.
 Pittsburgh achieved the #1 ranking for the first time in school history on January 5, 2009.
 On December 18, Tyler Hansbrough passed Phil Ford to become North Carolina's all-time leading scorer. On February 28, Hansbrough also broke Dickie Hemric's NCAA record for most free throws made in a career. And on March 19, Hansbrough passed JJ Redick as the leading scorer in Atlantic Coast Conference history.
 Jodie Meeks of Kentucky scored 54 points against Tennessee on January 13, 2009. Meeks was 10–15 from 3-pt range. The output broke Kentucky's single-game scoring record, set by Hall of Famer Dan Issel 39 years before.
 2009 marked the first time in history that three #1 seeds in the NCAA tournament came from the same conference – as Louisville, Pittsburgh and Connecticut of the Big East achieved the feat.
 Two retired Hall of Fame coaches died during the season – UTEP's Don Haskins on September 7, 2008, and California's Pete Newell on November 17, 2008. Newell's Bears won the NCAA championship in 1959, while Haskins' Miners won the title in 1966 in a historic win over Kentucky.
 The preseason AP All-American team was named on November 3. Tyler Hansbrough of North Carolina was the unanimous leading vote-getter (72 of 72 votes). The rest of the team included Stephen Curry of Davidson (66 votes), Luke Harangody of Notre Dame (58), Darren Collison of UCLA (46) and Blake Griffin of Oklahoma (45).
 Kenny George of UNC Asheville, the tallest player in Division I (7'7") and the nation's leader in FG% for 2007–08, had part of his right foot amputated before the start of the season, threatening to end his career.
 The New Jersey Institute of Technology broke a 51-game losing streak that stretched back to February 19, 2007, by defeating Bryant 61–51 on January 21.
 Travis and Chavis Holmes of VMI became the highest-scoring twins in NCAA Division I history.
 Ryan Toolson of Utah Valley had the highest single-game scoring mark of the season, netting 63 points in a 123–121 quadruple-overtime win over Chicago State on January 29, 2009. Chicago State teammates David Holston and John Cantrell each scored over 40 points in the loss.
 On January 31, Texas's A. J. Abrams hit his 339th 3-point shot, breaking the previous Big 12 record of 338 held by Jeff Boschee of Kansas. In the same game, Kansas State's Denis Clemente tied his former teammate Michael Beasley's Big 12 single-game scoring record, netting 44 points in an 85–81 overtime win for the Wildcats.
 North Dakota State became the first men's team in Division I or its predecessors to reach the NCAA Tournament in its first year of postseason eligibility since 1972, when Southwestern Louisiana, now Louisiana-Lafayette, accomplished this feat. The Bison reached the "Big Dance" by defeating Oakland in the final of the 2009 Summit League tournament on March 10.
 Syracuse upset Connecticut, 127–117, in a six-overtime game in the Big East Conference tournament Quarterfinals that started on March 12 and ended after midnight on March 13. It was the longest game in Big East history, and second longest in NCAA Division I history, at 70 total playing minutes.
 Davidson guard Stephen Curry, Boston College guard Tyrese Rice, Miami (FL) guard Jack McClinton, Florida State guard Toney Douglas, Temple guard Dionte Christmas, UAB guard Robert Vaden, Wyoming guard Brandon Ewing, Chicago State guard David Holston, UTEP guard Stefon Jackson, Central Florida guard Jermaine Taylor, North Dakota State guard Ben Woodside, VMI guard Chavis Holmes, East Tennessee State guard Courtney Pigram and Coppin State guard Tywain McKee each eclipsed the career 2000-point mark during the season.
 Arkansas State changed its nickname from the "Indians" to the "Red Wolves", effective this season.
 Bryant University and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville competed at the Division I level for the first time, while Houston Baptist returned to Division I play after a 20-year absence and Seattle after 28 years.
 Conference realignments: Gardner-Webb moved from the Atlantic Sun Conference to the Big South Conference, while Presbyterian competes in the Big South as well after playing as an independent in 2007–08. Samford moved from the Ohio Valley Conference to the Southern Conference.
 Don Meyer passed Bob Knight as the winningest coach in NCAA history, breaking Knight's record of 902 victories.
 Syracuse coach Jim Boeheim led the Orange to 20 wins for the 31st time in his career, a new record. Boeheim had previously been tied with Dean Smith at 30 20-win seasons.
 Connecticut coach Jim Calhoun won his 800th career game, beating Marquette on February 25, 2009.
 After the season, Northeastern's basketball program was placed on probation until 2011 due to recruiting and extra-benefits violations.
 Centenary became the first men's basketball to receive a postseason ban due to their poor showing against Academic Progress Rate (APR) standards. The Gentlemen will not be eligible for postseason play for the 2009–10 season.
 27,767,111 fans attended Division I games during the season, the second-highest all-time for the division.
 Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Jud Heathcote, Wayman Tisdale, Gene Bartow, Travis Grant, Walter Byers and Bill Wall were inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame.
 During the 2008–09 Big Ten season, Evan Turner and Manny Harris became the 4th and 5th players to finish in the top ten in the Big Ten Conference in average points rebounds and assists in the same season since assists became a statistic in 1983–84. Harris is the first to finish in the top six in each one. Turner would finish in the top two the following year.
  beats Boston College for its first-ever win against a ranked opponent. During the 2008–09 Ivy League season, Harvard's Jeremy Lin was the only NCAA Division I men's college basketball player who ranked in the top ten in his conference for scoring (17.8), rebounding (5.5), assists (4.3), steals (2.4), blocked shots (0.6), field goal percentage (0.502), free throw percentage (0.744), and 3-point shot percentage (0.400).

Major rule changes
Beginning in 2008–2009, the following rules changes were implemented:
 The three-point line moved from 19 feet, 9 inches to 20 feet, 9 inches.
 If the entire ball is above the rim when it comes into contact with the backboard and is subsequently touched by a player, it is goaltending. Previously only a ball moving downward after hitting the backboard could be subject to goaltending.

Season outlook

Pre-season polls

The top 25 from the AP and ESPN/USA Today Coaches Polls, October 31, 2008.

Conference membership changes

These schools joined new conferences for the 2008–09 season.

Regular season

Early-season tournaments

 *Although these tournaments technically have more teams involved, only 4 can play for the championship.

Conference winners and tournaments
Thirty athletic conferences each end their regular seasons with a single-elimination tournament. The teams in each conference that win their regular season title are given the number one seed in each tournament. The winners of these tournaments receive automatic invitations to the 2009 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. The Ivy League does not have a conference tournament, instead giving their automatic invitation to their regular-season champion Cornell.

Statistical leaders

Conference standings

Post-season tournaments

NCAA tournament

The NCAA Tournament tipped off on March 18, 2009, with the opening round game in Dayton, Ohio, and concluded on April 6 at the Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. Of the 65 teams that were invited to participate, 31 were automatic bids while 34 were at-large bids. The 34 at-large teams came from 8 conferences, with the Big East, ACC and Big Ten each receiving seven bids. The Big 12 and Pac-10 each received six bids. The SEC and Atlantic 10 each received three bids. This season also marked the first time that three teams from the same conference were selected as #1 seeds (Louisville, Pittsburgh and Connecticut). North Carolina tore through the tournament, winning each game by 12 or more points and beating Michigan State in the Final 89–72 behind an NCAA-record 55 first-half points to win its fifth National championship. Ty Lawson recorded a record 8 steals, while Wayne Ellington was named tournament Most Outstanding Player.

Final Four – Ford Field, Detroit, Michigan

National Invitation tournament

After the NCAA Tournament field was announced, the National Invitation Tournament invited 32 teams to participate. Five teams were automatic qualifiers for winning their conference regular-season championships, while the remaining 27 bids were named from an at-large pool. Notable entrants included Kentucky, who broke a 17-year NCAA tournament appearance streak by missing the field, as well as preseason top ten team Notre Dame and 2008 Regional Finalist Davidson. Penn State defeated Baylor 69–63 in the Final on April 2. The Nittany Lions' Jamelle Cornley was named tournament Most Outstanding Player.

NIT Semifinals and Final
Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City on March 31 and April 2

College Basketball Invitational

The second College Basketball Invitational (CBI) Tournament was held beginning March 17 and ended with a best-of-three final, ending March 30. It was the second year that the CBI tournament has conducted a post-season tournament. Oregon State defeated UTEP 2-1 in the final series to win the title. Oregon State's Roeland Schaftenaar was named tournament MVP.

CollegeInsider.com tournament

The inaugural CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament was held beginning March 17 and ended with a championship game on March 30. This tournament places an emphasis on selecting successful teams from "mid-major" conferences who were left out of the NCAA Tournament and NIT. Old Dominion defeated Bradley 66–62 to win the first CIT championship in Peoria, Illinois. The Monarchs' Frank Hassell was named tournament MVP.

Award winners

Consensus All-American teams

Major player of the year awards
 Wooden Award: Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 Naismith Award: Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 Associated Press Player of the Year: Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 NABC Player of the Year: Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 Oscar Robertson Trophy (USBWA): Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 Adolph Rupp Trophy: Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 CBS/Chevrolet Player of the Year: Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 Sporting News Player of the Year: Blake Griffin, Oklahoma

Major freshman of the year awards
 USBWA Freshman of the Year: Tyreke Evans, Memphis
 Sporting News Freshman of the Year: Tyreke Evans, Memphis

Major coach of the year awards
 Associated Press Coach of the Year: Bill Self, Kansas
 Henry Iba Award (USBWA): Bill Self, Kansas
 NABC Coach of the Year: Mike Anderson, Missouri & John Calipari, Memphis
 Naismith College Coach of the Year: Jamie Dixon, Pittsburgh
 CBS/Chevrolet Coach of the Year: Bill Self, Kansas
 Adolph Rupp Cup: Rick Pitino, Louisville
 Sporting News Coach of the Year: Bill Self, Kansas

Other major awards
 Bob Cousy Award (Best point guard): Ty Lawson, North Carolina
 Pete Newell Big Man Award (Best big man): Blake Griffin, Oklahoma
 NABC Defensive Player of the Year: Hasheem Thabeet, Connecticut
 Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award (Best player 6'0"/1.83 m or shorter): Darren Collison, UCLA
 Lowe's Senior CLASS Award (top senior): Tyler Hansbrough, North Carolina
 Robert V. Geasey Trophy (Top player in Philadelphia Big 5): Ahmad Nivins, St. Joseph's
 NIT/Haggerty Award (Top player in New York City metro area): Charles Jenkins, Hofstra
 Chip Hilton Player of the Year Award (Strong personal character): Jon Brockman, Washington

Coaching changes
A number of teams changed coaches throughout the season and after the season ended.

References


Robert William Stannard (20 October 189526 December 1986) was an eminent Anglican clergyman in the middle part of the 20th century.

He was born on 20 October 1895 and educated at Westminster School and, after wartime service in the Middlesex Regiment,  Christ Church, Oxford. Ordained in 1922 he began his career with curacies at Bermondsey and Putney and was then Vicar of St James, Barrow-in-Furness. Subsequently, Rural Dean of Dalton, he then became Archdeacon of Doncaster and Rector of High Melton.

In 1947, he was appointed to the episcopate as Bishop of Woolwich, a post he held until his appointment as Dean of Rochester. As Dean, he was the first Warden of Rochester Theological College in 1959, before the appointment of Stuart Blanch the following year. An Honorary Chaplain to the King, he retired to Fleet, Hampshire in 1966 and died twenty years later on Boxing Day.

References

1895 births
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Archdeacons of Doncaster
Deans of Rochester
20th-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Woolwich
1986 deaths
Honorary Chaplains to the King


John Louis Blatnik (March 10, 1921 – January 21, 2004) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from  through  for the Philadelphia Phillies and St. Louis Cardinals. Listed at , , Blatnik batted and threw right-handed.

A native of Bridgeport, Ohio, Blatnik was known as a line-drive hitter and a strong-armed outfielder. He was the regular left fielder for the 1948 Phillies. Blatnik appeared in a career-high 121 games while batting .260 with 41 extra-base hits that season, while leading all National League (NL) outfielders with nine assists. However, injuries cut short his career, and he appeared in just 28 games over the next two years. Blatnik began the 1950 campaign with the eventual NL champion Phillies "Whiz Kids," but was traded to the Cardinals for left-handed pitcher Ken Johnson on April 27 after only four games played with Philadelphia. Blatnik was sent to the minor leagues by the Cardinals after only seven more games and 23 plate appearances.

In a three-season Major League career, Blatnik was a .253 hitter, with 113 hits, six home runs and 46 runs batted in (RBI) in 138 games, including 59 runs, 27 double, eight triples, three stolen bases, and a .317 on-base percentage.

On January 21, 2004, Blatnik died in Lansing, Ohio, at the age of 82 and was buried nearby in Holly Memorial Gardens.

External links

Johnny Blatnik at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

1921 births
2004 deaths
Baseball players from Ohio
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Charleston Senators players
Fargo-Moorhead Twins players
Greensburg Senators players
Harrisburg Senators players
Houston Buffaloes players
Major League Baseball left fielders
Mansfield Braves players
People from Bridgeport, Ohio
Philadelphia Phillies players
Rochester Red Wings players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Wilkes-Barre Barons (baseball) players


is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Association football people from Ibaraki Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Japan Football League players
Kashima Antlers players
Fagiano Okayama players
AC Nagano Parceiro players
Iwate Grulla Morioka players
Men's association football midfielders


Count Antonio Graziadei (5 January 1872 – 10 February 1953), also known as Tonio, was an Italian academic and politician. One of the co-founders of the Italian Communist Party, he was Professor of Political Economy at the Universities of Cagliari and Parma and a member of the Italian Parliament from 1910 to 1926. In 1928 he went on a self-imposed exile to France to escape fascism. After the war he began his teaching activity at the University of Rome.

Biography
He was born in to an old aristocratic and conservative family. Despite his class origins, Graziadei, still very young, embraced the cause of the working classes and joined the Italian Socialist Party as early as 1893. In his native Imola, he met Andrea Costa, the first socialist parliamentarian in the history of Italy.

When Costa died, Graziadei replaced him in the Chamber of Deputies in 1910. At that time, he was with the right-wing of the PSI in the company of Leonida Bissolati, but unlike the PSI he will be able to avoid expelled from the party in 1912.

When the First World War broke out, he positioned himself as a maximalist socialist, and in 1921, he was among the founders of the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I). Within this party, of which he will be a member of the Central Committee. He distanced himself both from the group around the review L'Ordine Nuovo by Antonio Gramsci, and from that of Amadeo Bordiga, and instead sided with the right wing led by Angelo Tasca.

With the advent of the fascist dictatorship, he lost his seat as a deputy, suffered attacks, experienced isolation, and finally saw himself excluded from the university environment.

Expelled from the PCd'I in 1928 because of his Marxist revisionism, he nevertheless continued throughout the 1930s to publish his books and articles on economics.

After the collapse of the Fascist dictatorship, he was made a member of the Consulta Nazionale and obtained his readmission to the PCI.

As a teacher and economist, he was one of the most brilliant minds of his generation. Although a convinced Marxist in politics, on the other hand unorthodox in the field of Marxian economics, most notably regarding the concept of the labor theory of value.

Main writings
 Il Capitale tecnico e la teoria classico socialista del valore, Università di Bologna, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, tesi di laurea, 1895.
 La produzione capitalistica, Torino, Bocca, 1899.
 Quantità e prezzi di equilibrio fra domanda ed offerta, Imola, 1918.
 Prezzo e sovrapprezzo nell'economia capitalistica: critica alla teoria del valore di Carlo Marx, Milano, Società editrice Avanti, 1923.
 La teoria del valore ed il problema del capitale "costante" (tecnico), Roma, Maglione e Strini, 1926.
 Capitale e salari, Milano, Monanni, 1928.
 La rente et la propriété de la terre (Critiques aux théories de Marx), Paris, Marcel Rivière, 1931.
 Le capital et la valeur: critique des théories de Marx, Paris, Pichon et Durand-Auzias, Lausanne, Rouge, 1936.
 Il risparmio, lo sconto bancario e il debito pubblico, Milano, Bocca, 1941.
 Le teorie sull'utilità marginale e la lotta contro il marxismo, Milano, Bocca, 1943.
 Le teorie sulla produttività marginale e la lotta contro il marxismo, Milano, Bocca, 1946.
 Il salario e l'interesse nell'equilibrio economico, Roma, Edizioni dell'Ateneo, 1949.
 Memorie di trent'anni 1890–1920, Roma, Rinascita, 1950.

References

External links
Commemoration of Graziadei at the Italian Parliament

1872 births
1953 deaths
People from Imola
Italian Socialist Party politicians
Italian Communist Party politicians
Deputies of Legislature XXIII of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XXIV of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XXV of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy
Deputies of Legislature XXVII of the Kingdom of Italy
Members of the National Council (Italy)
Politicians of Emilia-Romagna
Academic staff of the University of Cagliari
Academic staff of the University of Parma
Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome
Italian Aventinian secessionists
Italian Marxists
Italian anti-fascists


In marketing, brand-new products or services are created and promoted under a new brand. This is a brand strategy alongside the brand stretching, line extension and multi-brands strategies. The brand-new strategy is focused on creating and introducing new products effectively. It involves researching a market to discover consumer needs that provide a market opportunity, generating ideas on how to approach that opportunity, and commercializing a product by communicating how the product covers the needs.

Companies may introduce brand-new products that replace previous products, as a leading function for marketing, instead of making small incremental improvements on existing products.

See also
 As seen on TV
 Not sold in stores

References

Brand management
Communication design


Novaković () is a Serbian, Montenegrin and Croatian surname, a patronymic derived from the male given name Novak (meaning "the new one"). It is rendered as Novakovič in Slovenian, and historically anglicized as Novakovich. It may refer to:

Aleksandar Novaković, Serbian writer
Bojana Novakovic, Serbian-Australian actress
Borislav Novaković, Serbian politician
Damjan Novaković (born 1966), Slovenian basketball player and coach
Eveline Novakovic, British video game music composer
Igor Novaković, Croatian footballer
Josip Novakovich, Croatian-American writer
Lola Novaković, Serbian singer
Milivoje Novaković, Slovenian footballer
Mitar Novaković, Montenegrin footballer
Nebojša Novaković, Swedish retired footballer
Nenad Novaković, Serbian football goalkeeper
Phebe Novakovic, American businesswoman
Stojanka Novaković Stoja, Serbian pop-folk singer

See also
Novakovich
Novković, surname
Kovic (disambiguation)

Surnames of Serbian origin
Surnames of Croatian origin


Sir Lindsay Lindsay-Hogg, 1st Baronet (10 March 1853 – 25 November 1923) was a British horse breeder and Member of Parliament for Eastbourne from 1900 to 1906.

Life
Born Lindsay Hogg, he assumed the additional name of Lindsay before that of Hogg by Royal Licence 6 January 1906.

Lindsay-Hogg was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Eastbourne at the 1900 general election, and held the seat until his defeat at the 1906 general election, after which he did not stand for Parliament again. He was awarded a baronetcy for his services to breeding light horses on 22 December 1905. He lived at Rotherfield Hall in the Weald, Sussex. He was also president of Crufts.

Family
He married Alice Margaret Emma Cowley and had four children: twins William (1882–1918) and Alice (1882–1965), Edith (1889–1912), Cecily (b. 1898). He was succeeded by his son William's two sons, Anthony (1908–68), who became the second baronet on his grandfather's death in 1923, and Edward (1910–99), who became the fourth baronet in 1987 after the death of his brother Anthony's son William (1930–87), the third baronet.

Lady Lindsay-Hogg was attended in her old age by society doctor and suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams, who signed her death certificate as "Scirrhus carcinoma of the breast" when she died aged 96 on 23 August 1952. Her name came up during the 1956 investigation into Adams' methods, when nurse Gertrude Brady, who looked after Lady Lindsay-Hogg in 1950–1951, told police how she had been asked by Anthony Lindsay-Hogg to help get Lady Lindsay-Hogg's signature for a legal document. Brady had been worried by this since in her view Lady Lindsay-Hogg was "senile" and "confused". Adams witnessed Lady Lindsay-Hogg's signature and must "have known this as well". Adams was later tried for the murder of Edith Alice Morrell in 1957 but acquitted, though police suspected him of a total of 163 murders.

See also
Lindsay-Hogg Baronets

References

External links

Country Life photograph of Rotherfield Hall in 1909

Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1900–1906
1853 births
1923 deaths
British racehorse owners and breeders


Novakovich is a surname. It may be the transliteration of the South  Slavic surname  Novaković or of the Russian or Bulgarian spelled surname Новакович.

Notable people  with this surname include:

Andrija Novakovich, American professional soccer player
Josip Novakovich,  Croatian Canadian writer
Yuliya Novakovich,  Belarusian weightlifter


Miss Ranskill Comes Home is a novel by Barbara Euphan Todd. It was first published in 1946, under her married name, Barbara Bower.

Plot introduction
The novel tells the story of a woman who returns to England after being stranded on a desert island during the Second World War.

Reception
Rosamund Lehmann described it as "a work of great originality … a blend of fantasy, satire and romantic comedy".
The novel was reissued in 2003 by Persephone Books.

Notes

 Book Page at Persephone Books

1946 British novels
Chapman & Hall books


Joan Ignasi Pla Durá (Atzeneta d'Albaida, Spain, 31 July 1959) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Married with one son, Pla graduated in law and also gained a diploma in public administration. He then worked in the Generalitat Valenciana, the Valencian regional administration, and later became secretary general of the Valencian regional branch of the PSOE. He became involved in national politics in 1996 when he was selected as part of the PSOE list for the national parliament as a candidate for Valencia province. Placed seventh on the list, in a district where the party had won six seats at the previous election, he was unsuccessful, as the party failed to gain any seats, however he joined the national parliament in 1999 as a substitute for a retiring member. He was re-elected in 2000 but stood down in June 2003, after being elected to the Corts Valencianes, the Valencian regional parliament.

In 2001 he successfully sought the PSOE nomination for President of the Generalitat Valenciana, defeating party rival Cipria Ciscar in the PSOE primaries, however in 2003, he lost the election to Francisco Camps of the Partido Popular. He also stood in 2007 for the Valencian Presidency, but again lost to Francisco Camps.

References

1959 births
Living people
People from Vall d'Albaida
Members of the 6th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 7th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
Members of the Corts Valencianes


John Ton (born Jan Cornelis Ton) (30 May 1826, Akersloot, North Holland - 4 June 1896, Chicago, Illinois) was a Dutch-born American abolitionist active in the Underground Railroad in Illinois.

Early life
Ton was born in a village in the province of North Holland north of Amsterdam. He emigrated to America in 1849 with a group of Hollanders seeking a better life in America.  They settled in an area about  south of Chicago which they named "High Prairie," now Roseland, Chicago.  John Ton settled on farmland further south on the north bank of the Calumet River that was owned by the Dalton brothers, Charles and Henry.  This land is now part of the Riverdale community.  In 1853, he married Aggie Vander Syde, another Dutch immigrant, and began raising a family.  In 1859, they purchased the land from the Daltons.  Eventually, John and Aggie had 14 children who all survived to adulthood.

Underground Railroad
During this time, the country was on the brink of war over the slavery issue.  Illinois was a hotbed having a southern border with slave states and leaders such as Abraham Lincoln advocating the abolition of slavery.  Having achieved a better life for himself in America, John joined with other abolitionists in the area including Cornelius Kuyper, Charles Dyer, the Dalton brothers, and others to establish a "link" in the Underground Railroad.  Fugitive slaves could be hidden at his farm, away from the settlement of Roseland, until safe passage could be arranged to the next underground safe house in Hohman Bridge (Hammond, Indiana) or possibly with a sympathetic ship captain leaving the Port of Chicago for Canada.  In 2000, a community group called the Chicago/Calumet Underground Railroad Effort (C/CURE) was established to research and possibly develop the John Ton Farm site.

In 2011, the Jan and Aagje Ton Memorial Garden were established on the grounds of the First Reformed Church in South Holland, Illinois to honor John Ton and all those who supported the underground railroad movement.  In 2019, the National Park Service accepted the Jan and Aagje Ton Farm Site to be included in the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom registry.  Go to "Explore Network to Freedom Sites" and search "Ton Farm Site."

Following the War in 1867, John sold the farm on the Calumet River and moved to the north side of Roseland to an area known as Fernwood. He owned  of land (8 city blocks) north of 103rd Street and west of Wentworth.  He donated the western edge of this land to the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad to provide commuter rail service to the area from Chicago. In 1893, he built a unique "Dutch Victorian" style home at 316 West 103rd Street.  He died April 6, 1896, and is buried in nearby Mt. Greenwood Cemetery.

Ton Family Reunions
Between 1849 and 1865 seven of John's siblings also emigrated to the Roseland area and flourished.  Upon his death in 1896, his family including descendants, brothers, sisters and their families held a picnic in his honor.  They agreed to make the picnic an annual reunion for the Ton family.  In 1911, the Ton Family incorporated for the purpose of keeping the family in closer union and to assure the annual reunions are a permanent and pleasing feature of the Family. Descendants from the eight branches of the Ton Family grew to over 1,000 and the annual picnics became a community celebration that lasted for 60 years. According to Life Magazine, it was once the largest family reunion in American history.

Notes

References
Marie K. Rowlands, (1987)"Down an Indian Trail in 1849: The Story of Roseland" Darwell Press, Oak Brook, IL

George A. Brennan, (1923) "The Wonders of the Dunes" The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, IN   Pages 124-126

"Calumet Area A Slave Haven Records Recall"
Chicago Tribune, July 4, 1948

"Five Old Residents Tell of Early Roseland"
Calumet Index, May 13, 1913

"Family Reunion, Descendants of John Ton gather in Chicago"
LIFE Magazine, September 24, 1945,  Pages 122-125

1826 births
1896 deaths
People from Akersloot
Dutch emigrants to the United States
Underground Railroad people


Richard Billings Merrill (1949–2008), a.k.a. Dick Merrill, was an American inventor, engineer, and photographer.

Merrill was born in New York City, the son of Dr. Frederick Hamilton Merrill and Joan Williams Merrill.  He was the adoptive grandson of Richard Billings (son of Frederick H. Billings), and the grandson of Norman Williams of the family that donated the library in Woodstock, Vermont.

He was married in 1996 to Sengchanh (Seng) Phomphanh. They made their home in Woodside, California.

Merrill earned a master's degree in electrical engineering from Dartmouth College, and worked for National Semiconductor from 1980.

He was a founder of Foveon in 1997, and worked there until his death from cancer in 2008. He invented the "vertical color filter" technology of the Foveon X3 sensor that is at the heart of the novel digital cameras sold by Sigma Corporation (the SD9, SD10, SD14, DP1, DP2 and DP3).

Merrill's vertical color filter invention was originally based on a triple-well CMOS DRAM process. He later refined the idea using multiple epitaxially grown silicon layers for each of the vertically stacked color-detecting photodiodes.

Merrill shared the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal in 2005 with Dick Lyon and Carver Mead for the development of the Foveon X3 technology.  Shortly before his death in 2008, he received the Kosar Memorial Award, "for significant contributions to an unconventional photographic system," from the Society for Imaging Science and Technology.

According to Carver Mead, Merrill was "the most creative engineer I have ever met."  Merrill explained his inventive process this way, "There's a lot you can get in this world just by looking for symmetry, looking for patterns;" and "Look for a technological trend in one area and apply it to another."

On February 8, 2012, Merrill was honored by business partner Sigma Corporation by renaming Sigma's flagship DSLR SD1 to SD1 Merrill. Sigma SD1 utilizes the latest Foveon image sensor.

References

1949 births
2008 deaths
People from Woodside, California
20th-century American inventors


is a Japanese video game designer, director, graphical artist, and composer. After previously working for several notable companies, he currently designs games from his own company Audio, Inc.

Career
Ueda was born in 1970 in Tokyo, Japan. He moved to Urayasu, Chiba at the age of 10. As a teenager, he took a part-time job at Tokyo Disney Resort, where he worked until 1988, when he attended Tokyo Design Academy. He was hired by Square in 1990.

At Square, Ueda worked mostly as a background and map designer, most prominently on Super Mario RPG. In 1995, he joined co-worker Kenichi Nishi and others in the establishment of the independent developer Love-de-Lic, where Ueda carried over his responsibilities from Square in the design of the company's first two releases. In 1999, Ueda left Love-de-Lic and joined Grasshopper Manufacture. He continued to design backgrounds and maps, but his debut as a director came with the two Shining Soul games released for the Game Boy Advance. He was also directed and acted as the main designer for Contact on the Nintendo DS.

Ueda left Grasshopper Manufacture in 2005 and founded Audio, Inc. the following January. The company currently consists of Ueda and 8 other individuals. So far, the company has made several Japan-exclusive releases on the DS, including its most recent game, Sakura Note: Ima ni Tsunagaru Mirai.

Works

References

External links
Audio, Inc. official site

1970 births
Japanese video game designers
Living people
Designers from Tokyo
Square Enix people
Video game composers


The Young'uns are an English folk group from Stockton, County Durham, England, who won the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Group" award in 2015 and 2016 and “Best Album” for Strangers in 2018.  They specialise in singing unaccompanied, and they perform traditional folk songs and sea shanties, contemporary folk songs such as the 40 year old song Billy Bragg's "Between the Wars" and 60 year old song Sydney Carter's "John Ball", and original works including "You Won’t Find Me on Benefits Street" (alluding to Stockton's reaction to a Benefits Street television crew) and "The Battle of Stockton" (on a 1933 clash with Oswald Mosley's blackshirts). They champion the folk music of the Northeast of England, where they are from, celebrating local history and performing songs by local songwriters such as Graeme Miles.

The members are Sean Cooney, David Eagle and Michael Hughes, who met as teenagers and encountered folk music as underage drinkers in a local pub. They enjoyed the music and returned to the Stockton Folk Club, where "One day someone said 'let's hear a song from the young'uns' and we sang this one verse we knew from a sea shanty", hence the band's name.

2017 album Strangers includes nine new songs celebrating inspiring people 'A homage to the outsider; a eulogy for the wayfarer; a hymn for the migrant.'  "These Hands" tells the life story of 1950's immigrant Sybil Phoenix while the story of the Battle of Cable Street is told through the words of Stockton teenager Johnny Longstaff. In February 2020 the band debuted the stage production 'The Ballad of Johnny Longstaff' at Newcastle's Northern Stage theatre to rave reviews.

The Young'uns released a book 'Bound Together' in 2017, chronicling their history as a band and the stories behind some of the songwriting.

In 2023 The Young'uns released their ninth album Tiny Notes, which consists entirely of original songs that "recall victims of war and terrorism and heroes of the hour, turning the spotlight on injustice and ultimately celebrating love, tolerance and the indomitable human spirit."

Discography
To Hell With Pirate John! (2007)
Plastic Cod'e s (2008)
Man, I Feel Like A Young'un (2010)
When Our Grandfathers Said No (2012)
Never Forget (2014)
Another Man's Ground (2015)
Strangers (2017)
The Ballad Of Johnny Longstaff (2019)
Tiny Notes (2023)

Awards
BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Album" - Strangers (2018)
BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Group" (2015)
BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards "Best Group" (2016)
Spiral Awards "Best Live Act" (2015)
FATEA awards: "Band/duo of the year" (2014)

References

External links

English folk musical groups
Musical groups from County Durham


Jiang Gongfu (, Vietnamese: Khương Công Phụ; 731–805) was a Chinese poet, politician, and Taoist monk during the Tang dynasty who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong.

Biography
It is not known when Jiang Gongfu was born, but it is known that his family was from Ái Châu (愛州, in modern Thanh Hóa Province, Vietnam), although the family claimed to be originally from Tianshui. Jiang Gongfu's grandfather Jiang Shenyi (姜神翊) served as a prefectural prefect, but his father Jiang Ting (姜挺) was not listed with any official titles. He had at least one younger brother, Jiang Fu (姜復).

After Jiang Gongfu passed the imperial examinations he was made Xiaoshulang (校書郎), an editor at the Palace Library. After he passed a special examination on policy proposals, he was made Zuo Shiyi (左拾遺), an advisor at the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng), and he was also made an imperial scholar at Hanlin Pavilion (翰林館). After more than a year, when he was to be given a different office, he submitted a petition, citing the poverty of his household and the agedness of his mother, requesting to be also made the census officer under the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the region of the capital Chang'an), because the census officer, while a low-level position, had a high salary, and his petition was granted. He was said to be capable and sensible, and whenever he met Emperor Dezong to make suggestions, Emperor Dezong often followed his suggestions.

In 783, with Emperor Dezong waging wars against several warlords in the east, the soldiers from Jingyuan Circuit (涇原, headquartered in modern Pingliang, Gansu), were at Chang'an to await deployment to the east. They were angered that they were not given rewards that they felt they deserved, and they mutinied. Emperor Dezong sent his son Li Yi (李誼) the Prince of Pu and Jiang to try to calm the soldiers, but the soldiers merely got angrier, and Emperor Dezong, in panic, decided to flee Chang'an. As he was ready to do so, Jiang tried to warn him about the dangers of leaving the senior general Zhu Ci in the city – as Emperor Dezong had removed Zhu Ci from his command in 782 due to his brother Zhu Tao's rebelling against imperial authority – and had served as the military governor (Jiedushi) of Jingyuan Circuit before, and therefore might receive the Jingyuan soldiers' support. He suggested to Emperor Dezong that either he should kill Zhu Ci before leaving or ask Zhu to accompany him. Emperor Dezong, in panic, could not carry out either action, and left Zhu in the city. Emperor Dezong fled to Fengtian (奉天, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi), and Jiang followed him there.

Emperor Dezong issued emergency edicts seeking aid from the nearby circuits. Meanwhile, the Jingyuan soldiers did as Jiang predicted and supported Zhu as their leader. Zhu initially claimed that he was merely calming the situation at Chang'an and was ready to welcome Emperor Dezong back to Chang'an, but soon there were rumors that Zhu was planning to claim imperial title himself and attack Emperor Dezong at Fengtian. In light of this, some officials who had fled to Fengtian suggested that Fengtian's defenses be shored up, but the chancellor Lu Qi, misjudging the situation, argued to Emperor Dezong that Zhu would surely remain faithful to Tang and advocated taking no precautions at all and stopping the incoming aid troops. It was only at Jiang's advice Emperor Dezong continued to receive the aid troops into Fengtian. At suggestion of Lu and Bai Zhizhen (白志貞) the commander of the imperial guards, Emperor Dezong sent his granduncle Wu Xu (吳漵) to Chang'an to communicate with Zhu. Zhu initially welcomed Wu as an honored imperial emissary, but soon put Wu to death. He declared himself emperor of a new state of Qin. He put Fengtian under siege, and during the siege, Emperor Dezong made Jiang Jianyi Daifu (諫議大夫), a high-level advisor at the examination bureau, and gave him the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto.

During chancellorship
In 784, because the general Li Huaiguang also rebelled, Emperor Dezong fled further to Liang Prefecture (梁州, in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi), and Jiang Gongfu accompanied him. On the way to Liang Prefecture, Emperor Dezong's oldest daughter Princess Tang'an died at Chenggu (城固, in modern Hanzhong). After Emperor Dezong reached Liang Prefecture, he wanted to build a pagoda for Princess Tang'an and bury her with great wealth. Jiang submitted a petition stating:

Emperor Dezong became angry and wanted to remove Jiang. Despite the intercession of Emperor Dezong's trusted advisor Lu Zhi, Emperor Dezong soon removed Jiang and made him a member of the staff of his crown prince Li Song.

After chancellorship
Jiang Gongfu's mother soon died, and he left governmental service to observe a period of mourning for her. After the period of mourning, he was returned to Li Song's staff, but went a long time without being promoted. By 792, Lu Zhi was a chancellor. Because he and Lu Zhi were colleagues while they were imperial scholars, Jiang met Lu to request his help. Lu secretly responded:

In fear, Jiang offered to resign and asked to become a Taoist monk. When Emperor Dezong inquired as to the reason and found out that he was fearful, he did not dare to state that Lu had told him this information, and instead claimed that Dou told him the information. Angry that his words had been leaked, Emperor Dezong demoted Jiang to be the secretary general of Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian), and sent imperial eunuch messengers to Dou, in exile, to rebuke him. After Emperor Dezong died in 805 and was succeeded by Li Song (as Emperor Shunzong), Jiang was slightly promoted, to be the prefect of Ji Prefecture (吉州, in modern Ji'an, Jiangxi). He soon died, and was posthumously honored by Emperor Shunzong's son and successor Emperor Xianzong (to whom Emperor Shunzong, then seriously ill, passed the throne to in 805 as well).

References

Sources
 Old Book of Tang, vol. 138.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 152.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 228, 230, 234.

731 births
805 deaths
8th-century Chinese poets
Chancellors under Emperor Dezong of Tang
Chinese Confucianists
Tang dynasty poets
Tang dynasty Taoists


Licuados (also known regionally as batidos) are a Latin American handmade blended beverage similar to smoothies, made with milk, fruit, and usually ice.  They are also sometimes called "preparados" (meaning "prepared").

Licuados and other fresh fruit juice drinks are ubiquitous throughout Mexico.  They are sold by street vendors, and in special licuado shops, restaurants, and fruterias (restaurants specializing in fresh fruit).

Terminology and variations
Licuados ("blendeds" or "liquifieds" in Spanish) are among a larger category of fruit drinks made with fruit juice diluted with milk or water: jugos (juice), vitaminas, aguas frescas (juice mixed with sugar and water), refrescos (nonalcoholic carbonated soft drinks), and batidos.  Names for various types of shakes and smoothies vary regionally, and are not completely fixed.

By contrast with aguas frescas, which are made in advance and ladled from large jars, and other drinks such as refrescos and jugos, which are typically mass-produced and bottled, licuados are blended and made to order.  The main difference between a licuado and an American-style smoothie is that licuados use a milk base, whereas smoothies use fruit juice, sometimes in combination with sherbet or yogurt.  This makes them lower in calories, thinner, and higher in protein than most smoothies, especially important in the third-world state of many of the Latin American countries such as Honduras and Nicaragua.  Licuados may also contain nuts (such as almonds or walnuts) and sugar or honey.  Variants include adding granola or using chocolate instead of fruit. Versions with raw egg fruit and milk, Americanized version substitute fruit with milk flavorings such as (quik).

Sometimes batidos (loosely meaning "beaten") are said to have milk, with licuados described as a milk-free version.  Term "batido" is described by some as Cuban.  Different flavors of licuados or batidos have specific names, usually named after their ingredients.  For example, a "trigo" (Spanish for "wheat") or "batido de trigo" is a batido with puffed wheat or other cooked grains blended in.

Popularity outside Latin America
Licuados became popular in the United States in the 1990s during a period of immigration from Latin American countries. By 1996 the drink had arrived in New York City, where it was sold by street vendors. Already popular in border towns such as Tijuana (where they are a breakfast food) the drink spread to California, first among Mexican-Americans and at Mexican restaurants and food trucks.  In 2002, the California Milk Processor Board spent $1.5 million to popularize the drink, as a way of promoting milk consumption following their success with the Got Milk? campaign.

Equivalent drinks
A similar drink, called  in Vietnam, is popular in Southeast Asia.

References

Non-alcoholic drinks
South American cuisine
Mexican drinks
Cuban drinks


Isbell may refer to:

People
Alvertis Isbell (born 1940), American musician, songwriter, producer
Arnold J. Isbell (1899–1945), American naval officer
Cecil Isbell (1915–1985), American football player
Frank Isbell (1875–1941), American baseball player
Harris Isbell (1910-1994), American physician
Jane Isbell (1927-1981), American actress
Jason Isbell (born 1979), American musician
Jeffrey Dean Isbell (Izzy Stradlin) (born 1962), American musician
Joe Isbell (born 1940), American football player
John R. Isbell (1930–2005) American mathematician
Larry Isbell (1930–1978), American football player
Lynne Isbell (born 1955), American anthropologist
Marion William Isbell (1904-1988), American founder of Ramada Motels
Ruwellyn Isbell (born 1993), South African rugby union player
Virginia Isbell, American politician
Charles Lee Isbell, Jr., American computer scientist

Places
Isbell, unincorporated town in Franklin County, Alabama, United States, est. 1818
Isbell Field, an airport near Fort Payne, Alabama, United States
Mount Isbell, a mountain of Geologists Range, Churchill Mountains, Antarctica

Miscellaneous
Hurricane Isbell, a storm of the 1964 Atlantic hurricane season
Isbell Middle School, a middle school in Santa Paula, California, United States
, an American naval destroyer

See also
Isabel (disambiguation)


is a former Japanese football player.

Club statistics

References

1985 births
Living people
Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Japanese expatriate men's footballers
J1 League players
Paulista Futebol Clube players
Kashima Antlers players
Men's association football defenders


A grain filler (pore filler or paste wood filler) is a woodworking product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish by filling pores in the wood grain. It is used particularly on open grained woods such as oak, mahogany and walnut where building up multiple layers of standard wood finish is ineffective or impractical.

Composition
Grain fillers generally consist of three basic components; a binder, a bulking agent and a solvent. The binder is wood finish, and in the case of oil-based fillers is typically a blend of oil and varnish. In the case of water-based fillers, it is acrylic or urethane. The type of binder influences the type of solvent used; oil-based fillers usually use mineral spirits, while water-based fillers use water. Both types of filler use silica as a bulking agent as it resists shrinking and swelling in response to changes in temperature and humidity. Other bulking agents may include quartz powder, wood flour, and talc.

Use
Woodworkers will use a grain filler before applying other finishes to open grained woods to achieve a "full finish", which is mirror-like. Woods such as ash, oak, mahogany and walnut fall into this category, while tight grained woods such as maple and cherry can achieve a full finish with just a few coats of finish.

Before application, the surface is sanded and puttied to conceal surface imperfections, which would otherwise be made far more obvious by the grain filler. The filler is brushed on both with and against the wood grain and the excess is scraped off. After some drying, the woodworker typically uses a piece of burlap to remove more excess.

References

Wood finishing materials


Grandison is both a given name and a surname.

As a given name
 Grandison Fairchild (1792–1890), American reformer
 Grandison Delaney Royston (1809–1889), American politician
 Charles Grandison Finney (1792–1875), American Christian minister
 Felton Grandison Clark (1903-1970), African-American university president

As a surname
 Anthony Grandison (born 1953), American drug dealer
 Jacob Grandison (born 1998), American basketball player
 Jermaine Grandison (born 1990), English footballer who plays for Shrewsbury Town F.C.
 Ronnie Grandison (born 1964), American basketball player

Fictional characters
 Sir Charles Grandison, title character of a 1753 novel by Samuel Richardson
 Grandison, title character of a 1899 short story by Charles W. Chesnutt

See also
 Baron Grandison, extinct barony
 Viscount Grandison, Irish viscountcy


Absalom Nyinza, popularly Abbi, is an Afro-jazz and Afro-fusion musician from Kenya. He is backed by the Kikwetu band. He sings in several languages, including  Swahili, English, French, his native Luhya and some other tribal languages.

Abbi started his career in 1993 being a member of a cappella gospel group The Boyz, which was later renamed Safari. He toured the United Kingdom and Germany with the band. Later he was part of Achieng Abura's band, and toured Spain during that time.

His solo debut album, Mudunia was released in 2003. At the 2004 Kisima Music Awards he won two categories: Best male and Most Promising artist. His second album Indigo was released in August 2007. He has performed at Festival Mundial and North Sea Jazz festivals in the Netherlands and toured other countries a well. His music has been produced by Tedd Josiah of Blu Zebra studios.

He has campaigned for the Global Call to Action Against Poverty. He is among the Kenyan artistes who have been sponsored by the Alliance Française in Nairobi.

References

Kenyan musicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


The California Milk Processor Board is a nonprofit marketing board funded by California dairy processors and administered by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. It is most well known for its Got Milk? advertising campaign.

The organization was created in 1993 to counter falling sales of milk as Americans switched to soft drinks, health drinks, and other beverages.

The board is separate from the California Milk Advisory Board, which created the Happy Cows campaign and supports the Californian dairy industry.

Promotions
In 1993, the Board launched its most successful and longest-lasting campaign, "Got Milk?".  Designed initially by Goodby, Silverstein & Partners, the campaign is intended to convince current milk-drinkers to consume more milk.

In 2008, the Board launched the "White Gold" marketing campaign to appeal to teenagers, featuring a self-consciously fake rock band style commercial, with lead singer "White Gold" performing with the "Calcium Twins".

In 2009, the Board launched a sequel to the "White Gold" campaign by releasing "The Battle for Milkquarious", a 22-minute-long rock opera featuring an array of old and new characters, including "White Gold", Strawberry Summers, Jug Life, Bovina the Uni-Pega-Cow, and the evil Nasterious.  It was marketed as "The most amazing rock opera ever made about milk."

In 2011, the Board was criticized for its "Everything I do is wrong" campaign which critics claimed was bigoted.  The board halted the campaign early, but enjoyed the negative publicity generated by launching a new site - www.gotdiscussion.org.

See also
 Dairy Promotion Program
 Dairy Management Inc.

References

External links
gotmilk.com - official Got Milk? site

Agricultural marketing organizations
American dairy organizations
Organizations based in California
Dairy marketing
Agricultural marketing in the United States
Dairy products companies in California


For Boys Only: The Biggest, Baddest Book Ever is a 2007 non-fiction book by Marc Aronson and HP Newquist. The book has 100 short articles on subjects that appeal to boys, such as biting spiders, Easter Island, invisibility cloaks, and fake blood. It also includes a set of 39 codes for the reader to solve, which vary in difficulty.

Reception
A Booklist review stated that “in a tone both light and humorous, Newquist and Aronson aim to please by assembling a tantalizing assortment of codes, puzzles, best lists, brief history and science facts, instructions for fake blood and the ultimate Frisbee, and even advice about facing up to a shark ('try not to bleed too much') . . . this offers lots of good fun, and with so much chick lit available, it’s nice to see special attention being paid to boys. In fact, there’s nothing here to keep girls away but the title.”

Publishers Weekly wrote that "this graphically fresh and topically diverse collection should capture the imagination of its target audience."

A New York Times review said, "The overall problem with all this mountainous stuff, thunked helter-skelter into these boy books, whether Roarke’s Drift, Andrewsarchus Mongoliensis (a giant wolf-like animal that may have eaten beached whales), the invention of the juice-box (1980) or strategies for winning at rock-paper-scissors: It all cooks up into a saltless stew that won't offend the palates of kids or chickens."

It was also reviewed in School Library Journal, and was an American Library Association Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers selection.

The book is part of the New York Public Library's "Books For The Teenage."

References

2007 children's books
Children's non-fiction books
American children's books
Trivia books

Feiwel & Friends books


Kovic may be a shortened form of South Slavic surnames ending with -ković:
Ron Kovic, Kovačević (born 1946), American anti-war activist
Biana Kovic, Cvetkovic, Serbian cellist and film maker
Kovik River, sometimes Kovic, Quebec, Canada

-ković may refer to various South Slavic surnames:
Anđelković - son of Anđelko
Cvetković - son of Cvetko
Ćetković - son of Ćetko
Drašković - son of Draško
Đoković - son of Đoko
Ivankovic - son of Ivanko
Janković - son of Janko
Kovačević - son of (black)smith
Luković - son of Luko
Marković - son of Marko
Mirković - son of Mirko
Mišković - son of Miško
Novaković - son of Novak
Pavković- son of Pavko
Stanković - son of Stanko
Stojković - son of Stojko
Živković - son of Živko

In popular culture
 PFC Ković, a Serbian soldier in a video game Quake 4
 Lazlo Ković, a character in a video games Battlefield 3, and Battlefield 4

Surnames of Serbian origin


Hicham Arazi was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals this year.

Andrea Gaudenzi won the title, defeating Álex Calatrava 6–4, 5–7, 6–4 in the final.

Seeds

  Albert Portas (quarterfinals)
  Hicham Arazi (quarterfinals)
  Karim Alami (semifinals)
  Andrea Gaudenzi (champion)
  Sjeng Schalken (second round, withdrew)
  Juan Antonio Marín (quarterfinals)
  Jordi Burillo (second round)
  Davide Sanguinetti (second round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 1998 Grand Prix Hassan II Men's Singles draw

Singles
1998 ATP Tour


The Fourth Avenue Theatre, also known as the Lathrop Building, was a movie theater in Anchorage, Alaska that has been described as Art Deco, Streamline Moderne, and Art Moderne in style.  Built beginning in 1941 and completed in 1947 after a halt during World War II, somewhat after the heyday of these styles, it was a large 960-seat first-run theater until the 1980s.

The theater was designed by B. Marcus Priteca, a leading designer of themed cinemas in America, in association with Seattle architect A.A. Porreca for Cap Lathrop, a prominent Alaska businessman. The theater's lobby featured a gold leaf mural of Mount McKinley, but originally omitted a concession stand, a feature Lathrop felt was inappropriate.

The main house was decorated with silver and gold murals by Anthony Heinsbergen and Frank Bouman of Los Angeles, and a rendering of the Big Dipper (a symbol of Alaska) on the ceiling. Murals were done on canvas with reliefs in Masonite leafed with gold and silver. The building's structure is reinforced concrete with travertine on the exterior street level.

As the Lathrop Building, the complex included facilities for Lathrop's radio and television stations, a restaurant, and a penthouse apartment added in 1959-1960.

After some renovation by the city of Anchorage, the theater was used by a catering firm as a banquet facility. Rasmuson Foundation approved a program related investment structured as a low-interest loan to the Municipality of Anchorage in 2006 so that the city could purchase, restore and use the Theater for meeting space by the Anchorage Convention and Visitors Bureau. When the Anchorage Assembly voted to prohibit the City to act as the loan guarantor, Rasmuson Foundation rescinded the award offer. Due to the economic recession in the following years, these plans did not come to fruition. In 2011, the theater's new owner, Peach Investments, presented new restoration plans.

In a press conference on May 17, 2022, Anchorage mayor Dave Bronson announced his support for a near-complete redevelopment of the entire city block including the theater building.  The proposal would include demolition of the theater building by owner Peach Holdings, LLC, which owns all but one corner parcel on the block between Fourth and Fifth Avenues and F and G streets.  However, the plan for the anticipated $200 million multi-use project includes partial reconstruction of the theater's facade and signage. It was demolished in late 2022.

See also
KENI Radio Building, by A.A. Porreca
National Register of Historic Places listings in Anchorage, Alaska

References

External links

Theatres completed in 1947
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Cinemas and movie theaters in Alaska
B. Marcus Priteca buildings
Art Deco architecture in Alaska
Buildings and structures in Anchorage, Alaska
Streamline Moderne architecture in Alaska
Historic American Buildings Survey in Alaska
1947 establishments in Alaska
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Anchorage, Alaska
Demolished theatres in the United States
Demolished but still listed on the National Register of Historic Places


Barbara Jones may refer to:

Barbara Jones (artist) (1912–1978), English artist, writer and mural painter
Barbara Jones (astronomer), British and American infrared astronomer
Barbara Jones (diplomat), Irish diplomat
Barbara Jones (singer) (c. 1952–2014), Jamaican singer
Barbara Jones (skier) (born 1977), American Olympic skier
Barbara Jones (sprinter) (born 1937), American track and field sprinter
Barbara A. Jones, American physicist
Barbara Ann Posey Jones (born 1943), leader of the 1958 Katz Drug Store sit-in as a high school student
Barbara E. Jones, American-Canadian neuroscientist
Barbara O. Jones, American actress
Barbara S. Jones (born 1947), federal judge for the US District Court for the Southern District of New York


Stadionul Aerostar is a multi-purpose stadium in Bacău, Romania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Aerostar Bacău. The stadium holds 1,500 people and is located near the airport.

References

Football venues in Romania
Sport in Bacău
Buildings and structures in Bacău County


The 1992–93 New York Knicks season was the 47th season for the Knicks in the National Basketball Association (NBA). During the off-season, the Knicks acquired Charles D. Smith, Doc Rivers and Bo Kimble from the Los Angeles Clippers, acquired All-Star guard Rolando Blackman from the Dallas Mavericks, and Tony Campbell from the Minnesota Timberwolves, and later signed free agent Herb Williams in November. The team also selected shooting guard Hubert Davis from the University of North Carolina with the 20th overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft. For the season, the Knicks changed their primary logo, adding a silver triangle behind a redesigned text of the word "Knicks" and an orange basketball. The team slightly redesigned their uniforms, replacing the previous Knicks logo with the newer logo on the right leg of their shorts. The Knicks' new logo remained in use until 1995, when they added the city name "New York" above their logo, while the uniforms lasted until 1997.

The Knicks got off to a 4–4 start to the season, but then won 12 of their next 15 games, held a 34–16 record at the All-Star break, and finished the season by winning 24 of their final 28 games, including a nine-game winning streak in March and five straight victories to end the season. The team had the most wins in the Eastern Conference during the regular season; their 60–22 record earned them the conference's top seed in the 1993 NBA Playoffs. They also posted a 37–4 home record at Madison Square Garden. Head coach Pat Riley was named Coach of the Year for the second time.

Patrick Ewing averaged 24.2 points, 12.1 rebounds and 2.0 blocks per game, and was named to the All-NBA Second Team, selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game, with Riley coaching the Eastern Conference, and finished in fourth place in Most Valuable Player voting. In addition, John Starks became the team's starting shooting guard, averaging 17.5 points and 5.1 assists per game, was named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team, and finished in fourth place in Most Improved Player voting. Smith provided the team with 12.4 points per game, while sixth man Anthony Mason averaged 10.3 points and 7.9 rebounds per game off the bench, and finished tied in second place in Sixth Man of the Year voting, Blackman contributed 9.7 points per game, Rivers provided them with 7.8 points, 5.3 assists and 1.6 steals per game, and Charles Oakley averaged 6.9 points and 8.6 rebounds per game.

In the Eastern Conference First Round of the playoffs, the Knicks defeated the Indiana Pacers, three games to one, and advanced to the Eastern Conference Semi-finals. The Knicks won their series over the 5th-seeded Charlotte Hornets in five games and gained a spot in the Eastern Conference finals, where they faced Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen, and the two-time defending champion Chicago Bulls, who had eliminated the Knicks from the playoffs in three of the previous four years. After taking a 2–0 series lead, New York lost the next four games to the 2nd-seeded Bulls to end its season. The Bulls would go on to defeat the Phoenix Suns in six games in the NBA Finals, winning their third consecutive championship.

Following the season, Kimble was released to free agency after one season with the Knicks, averaging 3.7 points per game in only nine games as a reserve; Kimble had previously been selected by the Los Angeles Clippers with the eighth overall pick in the 1990 NBA draft, after a successful college career at Loyola Marymount, where he averaged 35.3 points per game during the 1989–90 season. After he was released by the Knicks, he left to play overseas in France.

On March 23, 1993, during a road game against the Suns, a brawl occurred when Suns guard Kevin Johnson ran into Rivers at the end of the first half; Rivers chased Johnson in retaliation, and second-year guard Greg Anthony, who was dressed in street clothes because of a sprained ankle, came off the Knicks' bench and punched Johnson. Anthony was fined $20,500 and suspended for five games, while Johnson was fined $15,000 and suspended for two games, and Rivers was fined $10,000 and suspended for two games. The Suns defeated the Knicks, 121–92.

NBA draft

Roster

Roster notes
 Center Tim McCormick was on the injured reserve list due to knee surgery, and missed the entire season.

Regular season

Season standings

y – clinched division title
x – clinched playoff spot

z – clinched division title
y – clinched division title
x – clinched playoff spot

Record vs. opponents

Game log

Source:

Playoffs

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| April 30
| Indiana
| W 107–104
| Patrick Ewing (25)
| Ewing, Oakley (9)
| Oakley, Starks (6)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| May 2
| Indiana
| W 101–91
| John Starks (29)
| Charles Oakley (12)
| Doc Rivers (13)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| May 4
| @ Indiana
| L 93–116
| Patrick Ewing (19)
| Patrick Ewing (13)
| Doc Rivers (7)
| Market Square Arena11,380
| 2–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| May 6
| @ Indiana
| W 109–100 (OT)
| Patrick Ewing (28)
| Ewing, Oakley (13)
| Doc Rivers (11)
| Market Square Arena13,059
| 3–1
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| May 9
| Charlotte
| W 111–95
| Patrick Ewing (33)
| Ewing, Oakley (10)
| John Starks (12)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| May 12
| Charlotte
| W 105–101 (OT)
| Patrick Ewing (34)
| Charles Oakley (16)
| Doc Rivers (7)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| May 14
| @ Charlotte
| L 106–110 (2OT)
| Patrick Ewing (26)
| Patrick Ewing (14)
| John Starks (8)
| Charlotte Coliseum23,698
| 2–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| May 16
| @ Charlotte
| W 94–92
| Patrick Ewing (28)
| Patrick Ewing (10)
| Doc Rivers (8)
| Charlotte Coliseum23,698
| 3–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5
| May 18
| Charlotte
| W 105–101
| Charles Oakley (21)
| Charles Oakley (11)
| John Starks (9)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 4–1
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| May 23
| Chicago
| W 98–90
| Ewing, Starks (25)
| Patrick Ewing (17)
| Doc Rivers (5)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| May 25
| Chicago
| W 96–91
| Patrick Ewing (26)
| Charles Oakley (16)
| John Starks (9)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| May 29
| @ Chicago
| L 83–103
| Patrick Ewing (21)
| Patrick Ewing (9)
| Ewing, Anthony (5)
| Chicago Stadium18,676
| 2–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4
| May 31
| @ Chicago
| L 95–105
| Ewing, Starks (24)
| Charles Oakley (12)
| John Starks (7)
| Chicago Stadium18,676
| 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 5
| June 2
| Chicago
| L 94–97
| Patrick Ewing (33)
| Patrick Ewing (9)
| John Starks (8)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 2–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 6
| June 4
| @ Chicago
| L 88–96
| Patrick Ewing (26)
| Patrick Ewing (13)
| Doc Rivers (8)
| Chicago Stadium18,676
| 2–4
|-

Player statistics

NOTE: Please write player statistics in alphabetical order by last name.

Season

Playoffs

Awards and records
Pat Riley, NBA Coach of the Year Award
Patrick Ewing, All-NBA Second Team
John Starks, NBA All-Defensive Second Team

Transactions

References

New York Knicks seasons
New York Knicks
New York Knicks
New York Knicks
1990s in Manhattan
Madison Square Garden


The Ninth Federal Electoral District of Chihuahua (IX Distrito Electoral Federal de Chihuahua) is one of the 300 Electoral Districts into which Mexico is divided for the purpose of elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of nine such districts in the state of Chihuahua.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period, by means of the first past the post system.

District territory
Under the 2005 districting scheme, Chihuahua's Ninth District is in the south-west portion of the state and covers the municipalities of Balleza, Batopilas, Bocoyna, Carichi, Chínipas, Cusihuiriachi, Dr. Belisario Domínguez, Gran Morelos, Guadalupe y Calvo, Guazapares, Hidalgo del Parral, Huejotitán, Maguarichi, Matamoros, Morelos, Nonoava, Rosario, San Francisco de Borja, San Francisco del Oro, Santa Bárbara, Santa Isabel, Satevó, El Tule, Urique, Uruachi and Valle de Zaragoza.

The district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and collated, is the city of Parral.

Previous districting schemes

1996–2005 district
Between 1996 and 2005, the Ninth District was located, as now, in the south of the state and covered the municipalities of Allende, Balleza, Coronado, Guadalupe y Calvo, Hidalgo del Parral, Huejotitán, Jiménez, López, Matamoros, Rosario, San Francisco del Oro, Santa Bárbara, El Tule and Valle de Zaragoza. Its head town was the city of Parral.

1979–1996 district
Between 1979 and 1996, the Ninth District was located in the north-west of the state and its head town was the city of Nuevo Casas Grandes.

Deputies returned to Congress from this district

LI Legislature
 1979–1982: Rebeca Anchondo Fernández (PRI)
LII Legislature
 1982–1985: Servando Portillo Díaz (PRI)
LIII Legislature
 1985–1988: Fernando Abarca Fernández (PRI)
LIV Legislature
 1988–1991: Rebeca Anchondo Fernández (PRI)
LV Legislature
 1991–1994: Luis Carlos Rentería Torres (PRI)
LVI Legislature
 1994–1997: Sergio Prieto Gamboa (PRI)
LVII Legislature
 1997–2000: Jesús José Villalobos Sáenz (PRI)
LVIII Legislature
 2000–2003: Manuel Payán Nova (PRI)
LIX Legislature
 2003–2006: Jesús Aguilar Bueno (Ind.)
LX Legislature
 2006–2009: César Duarte Jáquez (PRI)
LXI Legislature
2009–2012: Luis Carlos Campos Villegas (PRI)
LXII Legislature
2012–2015:
LXIII Legislature
2015–2018: Carlos Hermosillo Arteaga (PRI) (d. 2017)
LXIV Legislature
2018–2020: Ángeles Gutiérrez Valdez (Por México al Frente)

References and notes

Federal electoral districts of Mexico
Chihuahua (state)


A food street is a pedestrianised area that has been designated for restaurants and cafes. Such areas are found in several major Pakistani cities. The food street is lined with food stalls, restaurants, and other food shops, and are typically pedestrianized.  Food streets, and food parks, exist in several metropolitan cities in the country, and attending them has become a social norm, with people using them as both formal and informal meeting areas.

The first food street in Pakistan was Gawalmandi Food Street located in central part of Lahore.  This has been followed by Melody Food Street and the food street in Blue Area in Islamabad, Burns Road in Karachi, the food street near Ghantar Ghar in Peshawar, Qissa Kahwani Bazaar Food Street, Peshawar and a second food street in Lahore at Anarkali. In 2012, a new food street was inaugurated in Lahore near Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort.  It was named Fort Road Food Street.

In Islamabad, prior to the creation of Melody Food Street, restaurants were scattered around the city.   Members of middle class society prefer them because they are less expensive than hotels or high-quality restaurants.

See also

 Street food
 List of restaurant districts and streets

References

Restaurant districts and streets in Pakistan
Pakistani cuisine


Albert Percival "Percy" Coldrick (born 1 November 1888 – 26 December 1953) was a Welsh dual code rugby player who played rugby union for Newport and rugby league for Wigan. He represented Wales under the union code and Wales and Great Britain under league rules.

Rugby career
Coldrick birth was registered in Caerleon, Wales, he formed a trade union for rugby players, but when it attempted to organise a strike, it collapsed, his son, also named Percy Coldrick, became the General Secretary of the Transport Salaried Staffs' Association. and he died aged 64–65 in Wigan, Lancashire, England.

Rugby career
Coldrick played for several teams, including a single game for Harlequins and represented Monmouthshire at county level, before being selected by Newport in 1909.

Coldrick gained his first international cap in a game against England as part of the 1911 Five Nations Championship. Under the captaincy of Billy Trew at the Swansea's St Helens Ground, Wales won the game 15–11. Coldrick was re-selected for the next game against Scotland, but failed to appear in the inaugural match in Paris. Coldrick was back for the final game in a Championship decider between Wales and Ireland and when the Welsh team won the match Coldrick became a Grand Slam and Triple Crown winning international. Coldrick played three games in the 1912 tournament, with his final rugby union international game being a contest against the French team at Rodney Parade. Although Wales beat France, eight of the fifteen Welsh squad never played for Wales again, Coldrick was one of them, though it was his own decision rather than a selection choice.

In 1912, Coldrick made himself ineligible for further selection to the Welsh union team when he switched to the professional game of rugby league, joining Wigan RLFC. Coldrick played two international games for the Welsh national league team, both against England, in 1913 and 1914. He also played for the Great Britain team. Coldrick was selected to tour with the England squad on the Ashes tour of Australia and was selected for all three tests, scoring a try in the second game. In 1919 Coldrick approached the Welsh Rugby Union to have his amateur status re-instated, though his application was refused. He left Wigan in 1925, and joined St. Helens. A shared benefit for; Percy Coldrick, Charlie Seeling and Frank Walford took place in April 1925.

Percy Coldrick played  in Wigan's 13–2 victory over Oldham in the Championship Final during the 1921–22 season at The Cliff, Broughton on Saturday 6 May 1922.

Percy Coldrick played left- and scored a try in Wigan's 21–5 victory over Rochdale Hornets in the 1912–13 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1912–13 season at Weaste, Salford, on Wednesday 11 December 1912. and played right- in the 20–2 victory over Leigh in the 1922–23 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1922–23 season at The Willows, Salford, on Saturday 25 November 1922.

International matches played under union code
Wales
  1911, 1912
  1912
  1911
  1911, 1912

International matches played under league code
Wales
  1913, 1914

Great Britain
  1914, 1914, 1914

Bibliography

References

External links
Profile at saints.org.uk

1888 births
1953 deaths
Crumlin RFC players
Dual-code rugby internationals
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Harlequin F.C. players
Monmouthshire County RFC players
Newport RFC players
Other Nationalities rugby league team players
Rugby union players from Caerleon
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Newport, Wales
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby union players from Newport, Wales
Rugby union props
St Helens R.F.C. players
Wales international rugby union players
Wales national rugby league team players
Welsh rugby league players
Welsh rugby union players
Wigan Warriors players


The Muslim Literary Society was founded in 1916 and was based in Notting Hill, West London, with Koranic translator Abdullah Yusuf Ali as its president.

It is not to be confused with the American Muslim Literary Society or the Bengali Muslim Literary Society.

On 29 November 1917, the poet and novelist Marmaduke Pickthall, best known for his translation of the Koran, dramatically declared his conversion to Islam after delivering a talk on 'Islam and Progress' to the Society. There are no references to the Society after 1917.

External links
  "The historical roots of British Islam"
 "Muslims in London, Greater London Authority, October 2006"
 Islamic Society of Britain “Muslims of Britain”

"The Infidel within: Muslims from Britain since 1800", by Himayun Ansari. - Hurst, 2004

References

Scientific organizations established in 1916
British literature


Cound Brook (pronounced COOnd) is a tributary of the River Severn in Shropshire, England, running to south of the county town Shrewsbury. The Cound Brook rises in the Stretton Hills, and enters the River Severn at Eyton on Severn after winding its way for  across the southern Shropshire-Severn plain. This length is measured from high on the Long Mynd (near Boiling Well).

The flow of the Cound Brook can vary from sluggish in a dry summer to a raging torrent in winter or spring. The river is crossed by several bridges along its route, including two historic and unusual iron bridges. Several other roads cross the river as fords. The river has breached its banks on the lower flood plain several times in the past, and is now monitored by the local rivers authority.

The river is named after Cound, the last settlement it passes through prior to the confluence with the River Severn. Conversely, one of the villages on its route, Condover, is thought to have been named after the river during the late medieval period.

The Coundmoor Brook is a smaller watercourse which flows into the Cound Brook at Cound, near its confluence with the Severn.

Sources
The Cound rises from minor watercourses running off the Long Mynd and Caer Caradoc in the northern part of the "Stretton Gap", between the settlements of Church Stretton and All Stretton. One of the main initial tributaries is the stream that runs through the Carding Mill Valley, which is named "Ashbrook" as it flows through Church Stretton. In the village of All Stretton, the Ashbrook combines with another considerable stream that comes down the Batch valley, effectively forming the beginning of the Cound, at . The embryonic river descends towards the Shropshire-Severn plain and heads north east, mirroring the route of the A49 main road and the Shrewsbury to Hereford railway line.

Middle route
The brook passes through Leebotwood, then through the medieval deer park west of Longnor, followed by a combined ford and weir at The Old Forge. Continuing to the east of Dorrington village, beyond Stapleton the Cound changes direction and heads eastwards.

The Cound passes through the historic and picturesque Condover, with its conservation area and many listed buildings. A water mill was recorded as standing on the Cound in Condover at the time of the Domesday Book. After Condover, the river flows through a ford, then bends rightwards around Boreton and heads south-east.

Iron bridges

To the north of the village of Cantlop there is an unusual cast-iron single-span bridge known as the Cantlop Bridge, that was designed and constructed by Thomas Telford in 1818. Originally a road bridge to cross the Cound Brook, it remains only as a historic monument, as the original 19th century road route is now diverted alongside on a modern bridge.

After being joined by the Row Brook, the river then passes through the village of Cound and under another cast-iron bridge, the Cound Arbour Bridge, designed and built by Telford in 1797, the oldest iron bridge still in normal everyday use by vehicles anywhere in the world. (Abraham Darby's famous Iron Bridge in Ironbridge, Telford, had closed to vehicular traffic in 1934, and is now open only to pedestrians.)

Mouth
The Cound Brook now follows an increasingly meandering route across a low-lying flood plain, until it joins the River Severn a few hundred yards west of Eyton on Severn and about a mile south from Wroxeter (with its Roman city ruins), which is close to the northern end of the Watling Street Roman road from Dover.

References

Rivers of Shropshire
Tributaries of the River Severn
Shrewsbury and Atcham
Church Stretton
1Cound


Pitekunsaurus is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Anacleto Formation of Neuquén, Argentina.  It was described by L. Filippi and A. Garrido in 2008. The type species is P. macayai. The generic name is derived from Mapudungun pitekun, meaning "to discover", the epitheton honours the discoverer, oil company explorer Luis Macaya, who found the fossil in April 2004.

Classification

Pitekunsaurus appears to be a genus of aeolosaurid, most closely related to the genera Gondwanatitan and Aeolosaurus. Its braincase closely resembles that of the aeolosaurid Muyelensaurus as well as the titanosaurs incertae sedis Vahiny and Jainosaurus. It cannot be compared to the more closely related Aeolosaurus and Gondwanatitan in this regard, as neither genus is known from cranial material.

References

Lithostrotians
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Anacleto Formation
Fossil taxa described in 2008


Whitetop is an unincorporated community in Grayson County, Virginia, United States. It is the southern terminus of the Virginia Creeper Trail. Whitetop is named for nearby Whitetop Mountain, the second-tallest independent mountain in the State of Virginia, behind Mount Rogers. The town is about four miles northeast of the North Carolina–Tennessee–Virginia Corners.

References

Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Grayson County, Virginia


Imani Francesca Coppola (born April 6, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter and violinist. Her debut single "Legend of a Cowgirl" reached the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart in 1997. Her debut album, Chupacabra, released by Columbia Records, was praised by critics and appeared on the US Heatseekers Albums chart. In 2001, Coppola appeared as a guest artist on the Baha Men single "You All Dat", which broke the top 10 in Australia and gave Coppola her second entry on the Billboard Hot 100 to date.

Coppola released several independently recorded albums in the early 2000s as well as starring in the musical film The Singing Biologist, where she wrote the music for the movie. In 2007, she was signed to Ipecac Records, and the same year released The Black & White Album, which received favorable reviews from music critics and marked a comeback for Coppola. The following year, she formed the pop/R&B duo Little Jackie with programmer Adam Pallin. Their debut single, "The World Should Revolve Around Me", reached the top 40 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, was used as the theme for the VH1 reality TV series New York Goes to Hollywood, and peaked at number 90 on the Billboard Pop 100 airplay chart. The duo's debut album, The Stoop, was released by S-Curve in 2008, but peaked outside of the top 100 in the United Kingdom, and the duo were dropped from the label. Following The Stoop, Coppola released two more solo records: The Glass Wall, in 2012, and Hypocrites, in 2017. In addition to her solo work, Coppola has recorded two further albums as part of Little Jackie: Made4TV, in 2011, and Queen of Prospect Park, in 2014.

Early life and education
Coppola grew up as the second-youngest of five children in Long Island, New York.  Coppola's lower-income family, headed by an African-American mother and Italian father, did not fit in, and she and her family were picked on. Her circumstances encouraged her independence and also her creativity, as her family, who received welfare, had little money to pay for entertainment. Her mother, a teacher, was the primary income earner, while her carpenter father was often out of work and refused to earn an income from his art.

Coppola grew up surrounded by music, as her father is a jazz musician, her mother plays bass, and all of her siblings are musicians as well. She recalled, in an interview with Amplifier magazine, that her first musical memory is of her father, who was her biggest musical influence, playing the song "Bessie's Blues" "on a severely out of tune piano". She began playing violin at the age of six, eventually studying studio composition at the State University of New York at Purchase. She was not happy and left after one year.

Career

1997–1999: Early success

During her time at college, Coppola made some demos and played them to music publisher Ross Elliot, the boyfriend of her older sister Maya. Elliot connected Coppola with producer Michael Mangini, known for his work with Digable Planets. While still in college, Coppola cut three demo tracks with Digable Planets that resulted in a bidding war for the artist among other labels. Coppola accepted a recording contract with Columbia Records in 1997.

In 1997, Coppola released her debut single, "Legend of a Cowgirl". The song entered the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 within weeks of its release, eventually peaking at number 36 and spending a total of 20 weeks in the top 100. The single also achieved some success internationally, peaking within the top 40 in New Zealand and the United Kingdom and also charting in Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands. The song's accompanying music video became a hit as well, going into rotation on MTV and earning a nomination at the 1998 Billboard Music Video Awards, in the category of Best New Artist Clip: Pop. (The video eventually lost to Natalie Imbrulia's "Torn".)

Coppola's debut album, Chupacabra, was released in October 1997. The album elicited rave reviews from music critics, who favorably compared Coppola's music to that of De La Soul and Neneh Cherry. The album achieved a peak of number 47 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart dated January 17, 1998, three months after the album's release. it spent a total of one week on the chart. The album also charted in the UK, where it peaked at number 138 on the UK Albums Chart. The album spawned a second single, "I'm a Tree", which samples The Doors' "Soul Kitchen". The song was unsuccessful, peaking only in Australia, where it reached number 201. That year, Coppola played Lilith Fair, although she was vocal about her opinion of Lilith founder Sarah McLachlan before the tour, indicating that she felt McLachlan was "boring to watch live". Coppola remarked that "I think she's a good songwriter, at times, and singer. She's boring to watch live, though."

2000–2006: Independent career
Columbia Records dropped her in 2000, subsequently shelving her second studio album, Come and Get Me... What?! Coppola had been frustrated that the label wanted her to sample other artists when she wanted to compose her music entirely by herself. Then 22, Coppola felt she needed to learn considerably more about music and art. Never having performed beyond high school musical theater, Coppola felt she had achieved success too easily, without truly working for it.

In 2001, she was featured on a single by the Baha Men, titled "You All Dat". The song, which was produced by Michael Mangini (who had previously produced Coppola's debut album), was successful upon its release, becoming a top 10 hit in Australia, where it peaked at number 8, giving Coppola her first top 10 hit in that region; it achieved a peak of 21 in New Zealand. In the United States, the song entered the Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at number 94. It became Coppola's last US chart entry as a solo artist.

The single also achieved success throughout Europe: it became a top 40 hit on the UK Singles Chart, where it achieved a peak of number 14, and on the Irish Singles Chart, on which it peaked at number 26. The song also charted in Austria, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Without a major label behind her, Coppola started recording music at home in 2001; that same year, Coppola was part of the band supporting Sandra Bernhard in her off-Broadway production of The Love Machine. During this time, Coppola also starred in a movie,  The Singing Biologist, playing Rose, the titular character. In 2004, Coppola released Afrodite, a neo-funk record that Vibe retrospectively deemed "excellent." By 2004, Coppola was playing acoustic guitar in small clubs like Forum in New York City with her drummer Alex Elana, in the Two Shadow Posse. These performances were not well-attended, and Coppola hated performing them. During this time period, Coppola fell into poverty and was forced to move to Staten Island.

In 2005, she launched her own website and opened an online music store where she sold her independent albums; she decorated and packaged each copy of the album by hand. In that year, she also co-wrote the title track on Maia Sharp's Fine Upstanding Citizen, which Out Magazine deemed the album's strongest track. The following year, she contributed a song, titled "Woodstock", to American vocalist Alice Russell's debut album, For Lovers, Dreamers, and Me. In May of that year, Coppola performed with Peeping Tom on Late Night with Conan O'Brien.  Subsequently, she went on tour with the band. In an interview with Erin Broadley in November 2007, Coppola indicated that she had enjoyed the experience of working with Patton and other artists, which she found artistically open.

2007–2009: The Black & White Album

In 2007, Coppola was signed to Ipecac Recordings, which was started by Faith No More frontman Mike Patton. In November of that year, the label released Coppola's eighth studio album, The Black & White Album, her first "easily available release" since her debut album, released a decade before, according to AllMusic. Upon its release, the album received favorable reviews from music critics, earning a score of 75 out of 100 on review aggregate site Album of the Year. The album spawned two singles: "Raindrops from the Sun (Hey, Hey, Hey)", which appeared in an episode of Grey's Anatomy (titled "Kung Fu Fighting"), and "Woke Up White", which Spin included on their list of "Songs You Need to Download Now!" in their October 2007 issue. In November 2007, Coppola said in interview that she was unsure if she was going to tour to support The Black & White Album, citing financial concerns. She said, "I don't even have a car. I don't know, I would love to put together at least one banging show together for this album. Definitely, it deserves that."

2010–2016: The Glass Wall and collaborations
Coppola took a break from her solo work to focus on Little Jackie; in 2010, Coppola released a new EP via Reverbnation, titled Imani's Magic Chicken Soup EP. It included one single - "Over It", which had an accompanying music video.

In 2012, Coppola released her ninth solo studio album, The Glass Wall, via Bandcamp. The album is named for the New York City studio at which it was recorded.

That year, she also contributed "Celebrate", recorded with Tim Myers, to the soundtrack for Butter. Two years later, in 2014, Coppola recorded a song titled "Perfect Days", which was written by Tarka Cordell. The song was featured on a charity compilation honoring the songwriter; other contributors included Lily Allen, Alice Temple, and Alice Smith. The following year, in 2015, Coppola collaborated with Blackalicious on "The Sun", performing the song's chorus. Regarding the collaboration, Chief Xcel told Hip Hop DX that "she’s just a genius, Imani Coppola. She’s one of the most brilliant writers I’ve ever worked with [...] We’d done quite a few versions actually of that, and all were really, really dope. But when Imani heard it and she put her thing on it, I was like, 'That was it...'" In 2015, Coppola traveled to West Hollywood to work on her singing career.

In 2016, Coppola co-wrote and co-produced Hailey Knox's debut single, "Geeks", which was praised by Meghan Trainor; Coppola also wrote another of Knox's songs, "Awkward", with Michael Mangini, whom she had previously worked with on her debut album and in Little Jackie.

2017–present Hypocrites
On July 21, 2017, Coppola premiered a new single, "Just Feels Good", via Yahoo! Music. Coppola had originally written the song with Rachel Platten in mind, but after Platten passed on it, Coppola decided to record it herself. The music video was shot at Coney Island's annual Mermaid Parade. Hypocrites, Coppola's twelfth studio album, which was crowdfunded using PledgeMusic, was released on the same day as the release of "Just Feels Good". Coppola produced the album, along with co-producer Josh Valleau.

On September 25, 2017, Coppola released the album's second single, "Mixed Nut". Coppola stated that the song "poke(s) fun at some current social trends, such as speaking in a manner that makes it sound like you’re always asking a question when you’re actually making a statement. The term for it is ‘up speak,’ and I find it to be incredibly irritating even though I am sometimes guilty of doing it. Another pet peeve of the zeitgeist is this fixation people have with claiming not to be ‘one to judge.’ Please, if you are a human being, you judge." The accompanying music video filmed and edited by Vonesper Studios was shot in her apartment using her artwork as backdrops and premiered on Yahoo!Music.

Little Jackie

In 2007, Coppola was signed to S-Curve Records as part of the duo Little Jackie, with whom she collaborated with producer and multi-instrumentalist Adam Pallin. Coppola sees Little Jackie as an opportunity to get back into pop and also to generate the income she needs to follow her dream of developing artists herself. She indicates that "genre-bending acts" like Gnarls Barkley enabled her to return to the music industry.

Speaking in July 2008 to noted UK R&B writer Pete Lewis of Blues & Soul, Coppola stated: "Whereas, in my opinion, Imani Coppola is a REAL artist, Little Jackie represents my 'POPULAR artist' side [...] And to me this is probably my last attempt at becoming a superstar! If it blows up — WONDERFUL! If I become a superstar — FANTASTIC!... And if I don't, I guess I'll stay very happy just being a crazy-lady artist — making art every day and having that be my food!"

The duo has released three albums. Their first, The Stoop, was released in July 2008 by S-Curve Records. The album's lead single, "The World Should Revolve Around Me", became a top 20 hit in the United Kingdom and was featured as the theme song for the VH1 reality TV series New York Goes to Hollywood, in which Little Jackie make a guest appearance. The album received generally favorable reviews from music critics, earning a score of 64 out of 100 on review aggregate site Album of the Year. The album peaked at number 138 on the UK Albums Chart. In 2011, Little Jackie released their second album MADE4TV independently on their own Plush Moon Records. Their third album, Queen of Prospect Park, was released on 30 September 2014. It featured two songs that appeared in I Don't Know How She Does It—"We Got It" and "Move to the Beat"—and "Lose It", which was featured in an episode of Grey's Anatomy.

Musical style
Coppola says her songwriting is fused through a "pop sensibility". She indicates that her tastes and musical influences are diverse, including classical, which she acknowledges can be a problem in an industry that wants its artists to be clearly defined. Coppola decided to write in whatever genre she wanted. She describes her focus on The Black and White Album as "more experimental, more punk, more rock".

Coppola uses a different process when she is songwriting for herself from when she is songwriting for another artist or writing on speculation. She says, "My brain changes, my thought processes, my body language changes, the way I work changes....; When you do work for other artists, it’s definitely more of a job and it requires a lot of tools." Coppola commented, "When I saw the Spice Girls come out, I was like: I could do anything! I think that might be the most honest thing I've ever said in my life. They were the only people rapping and singing in a group that had all different varieties of things. I think I am a result of the Spice Girls."

Other musical endeavors
Adept at co-writing songs, Coppola has been part of a number of song writing retreats including The Castle in the South of France where she wrote with Bon Jovi, and Fools Banquet, hosted by Hanson where she has written songs with the likes of Miles Zuniga, Taylor Hanson and Pedro Yanowitz.

When Coppola isn't working on her own albums, she’s a prolific songwriter for TV, film and advertising, handcrafting songs for specific visual scenes and brands. Her music can be hear in commercials for the likes of Revlon, Gillette and Target. Coppola penned 'Move To The Beat" for the film I Don't Know How She Does It, and has had several songs on Grey’s Anatomy over the years.

Coppola was chosen as a ghost writer for Cyndi Laupers' musical, Kinky Boots during its development stage. She has also performed as a violinist in the stage band for Lauper.

Personal life
Coppola lives in Bedford-Stuyvesant with her cat. She records out of her own home studio, but at one time shared a rehearsal space with Bob Dylan who commented that her practice was disturbing him.

She has commented that she struggles with the modern demands for accessibility in the music world, such as online interviews and video blogs. In making choices in her own life, she has stated that she is torn between respect and resentment at the legacy left by her parents, explaining, "My parents are both artists and we starved, we went through a lot of difficulty growing up because of their choices in life [...] When it comes down to making important decisions about my life and my foundation, you know, their artistic side haunts me. Like maybe I should just do what they did."

Coppola is also a talented painter and commented that her visual art brought in more income than her music in 2018.

Imani means 'faith', and Coppola deeply connects to spirituality including tarot reading and witchcraft.

Discography

Solo

Albums

Singles

Little Jackie

Albums

Singles

References

External links

 Afrodite at CD Baby

1978 births
Living people
20th-century African-American women singers
Alternative hip hop musicians
American alternative rock musicians
American people of Italian descent
American punk rock singers
Hip hop violinists
Women punk rock singers
American women rappers
African-American women rappers
American hip hop singers
State University of New York at Purchase alumni
Ipecac Recordings artists
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American violinists
21st-century American singers
21st-century African-American women singers
21st-century women rappers