Lee Wilder Thomas, known as Rev. L.W. Thomas (August 15, 1873 - April 11, 1953), was a prominent African-American business and oil man. L.W. Thomas was among the lucky land owners in the Mexia, Texas, oil field. In the early 1930s, he partnered with Jake Simmons, Jr., another wealthy African-American oil broker. Together, these two men built Simmons Royalty Co., one of the leading African-American oil and mineral right royalty companies in the state of Oklahoma.

Early life
Born in Springfield or Tehuacana, Limestone County, Texas, L.W. was the only child born to
Boss Thomas and Bettie Arbuckle. His father, Boss Thomas, was an early Alabamian who migrated and re-settled in Texas.

As a young boy, while attending the Sardis Primitive Baptist Church, Mexia, Limestone County, Texas, he felt a calling to preach the gospel.   He received his early education in Mexia, and would later attend and graduate college from Wiley College in Marshall, Texas. After graduating college L.W. married Clemmie Estella Ross in 1895. This union would produce thirteen children.

Oil business
In 1912 a large natural gas deposit was discovered by the Mexia Gas and Oil Company. Oil was discovered in 1920. L.W. Thomas was among the lucky land owners in the 1920 Mexia oilfield strike. He had ten producing oil wells on his property.

The excitement of booming fields in three counties fostered crime and social problems that forced Governor Pat Morris Neff, on January 12, 1922, to order martial law for Justice Precinct No. 4 in Limestone County and No. 5 in Freestone County to deal with robberies, gambling, and alcohol sales. But the boom rolled on, and at the end of 1922 the fields showed a markedly increased combined yearly yield of nearly 34.8 million barrels of oil.

Summit, Oklahoma
L.W. Thomas came to Oklahoma with a vision of establishing a model community, Summit, for African-Americans, located on the Jefferson Highway (U.S. 69),  southwest of Muskogee. He invested more than $100,000 in Muskogee County real estate. He divided the site into lots and put them up for sale, as well as surrounding property which he divided into small farms. He said the land was to be sold to African-Americans with preference being given to those from Texas.

He had already erected a building housing a general store and another as a real estate office.  A cotton gin was under construction, and workmen were working around the clock to have it finished for the fall crop. He had built a $12,000 house on a nearby hill and was reserving adjoining lots for additional better class homes.

In addition to growing cotton and peanuts, he was going to encourage the growing of vegetables for the Muskogee and Tulsa market. The 1932 Muskogee City Directory indicated that L.W. Thomas was president of the Jake Simmons, Jr., Simmons Royalty Co.

St. Thomas Primitive Baptist Church
St. Thomas Primitive Baptist Church is a historic church building in Summit. It was erected in 1922 by the Rev. L.W. Thomas. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

References

1873 births
People from Mexia, Texas
American businesspeople in the oil industry
Wiley College alumni
1953 deaths
People from Muskogee County, Oklahoma
African-American businesspeople
People from Limestone County, Texas
20th-century African-American people


RealityEngine is a 3D graphics hardware architecture and a family of graphics systems which was developed and manufactured by Silicon Graphics during the early to mid 1990s. RealityEngine was positioned as the company's high-end visualization hardware for its MIPS/IRIX platform. RealityEngine is designed for deployment exclusively within the company's Crimson and Onyx family of visualization systems, which are sometimes referred to as "graphics supercomputers" or "visualization supercomputers". The RealityEngine was marketed to large organizations, such as companies and universities that are involved in computer simulation, digital content creation, engineering and research.

It was succeeded by the InfiniteReality in early 1996, but coexisted with it for a time as an entry-level option for older systems.

RealityEngine

The RealityEngine is a board set comprising a Geometry Engine board, up to four Raster Manager boards, and a DG2 Display Generator board. These boards plug into a midplane on the host system.

The Geometry Engine is based on the 50 MHz Intel i860XP.

VTX

The VTX is a cost-reduced RealityEngine and as a consequence, its features and performance are below that of the RealityEngine. It is not the VGX or VGXT board set. The name is said to stand for Venice To eXpensive, Venice being the internal name for RealityEngine.

RealityEngine2

The RealityEngine2, stylized as "RealityEngine2", is an upgraded RealityEngine with twelve instead of eight Geometry Engines. The Reality Station workstation is based on RealityEngine2. In February 1995, SGI reduced the entry price of Reality Station to .

RealityEngine2 was succeeded by the InfiniteReality in early 1996. It uses the GE10 Geometry Engine board, RM4 Raster Manager board and DG2 Display Generator board.

References

3D computer graphics
Graphics chips
SGI graphics


Sri Raja Rajeshwari is a 2001 Tamil language Hindu devotional film directed by Bharathi Kannan. The film stars Ramya Krishnan, Ramki and Sanghavi, with Banupriya, Nizhalgal Ravi, Vadivelu and Vinu Chakravarthy playing supporting roles. The film was released on 13 April 2001.

Cast

Ramya Krishnan as Raja Rajeswari
Ramki as Rasaiyya and Raja (Ravintharnath's son)
Sanghavi as Meenakshi
Banupriya as Goddess Shakti and Vekkaliamman(Kali)
Vadivelu as Minor Pandiyan and Nattamai
Nizhalgal Ravi as Businessman Ravintharnath
Ponnambalam as Sangkara
Vinu Chakravarthy as Paampu Sithar "Rajalingam Swami"
Delhi Ganesh as Rajeswari's father
Malaysia Vasudevan as Sinthala karai Vekkali Amman priest and Meenakshi's father
Thyagu as Prabakaran
Pallavi as Rajeswari's mother
K. R. Vatsala as Sangkara's wife
Indhu as Katuvasi Girl who killed Prabakaran
V. K. Ramasamy as Jothidar
S. N. Parvathy as Rajeswari's grandmother
Singamuthu as Katuvasi leader
Lekhasri as Katuvasi Girl with Vadivelu
Bonda Mani
"Bayilvaan" Krishnasamy Thevar
Bharathi Kannan
Nalini guest role in song ("Maruvathoor Om Sakthi")

Production
A stint of shooting took place at Kuttralam  near Tenkasi and at Injimedu Sivalayam  where some scenes were picturised on Ramki and Ramya Krishnan. There is a song written by lyricist Kalidas which had the names of 165 Goddesses. This devotional song is picturised at 108 'Amman' temples of Tamil Nadu, with Nalini featuring in the song "Maruvathoor Om Sakthi". This song was sung by renowned playback singer K. S. Chithra.

Soundtrack

Music was composed by Deva. This is the first devotional movie for Deva.  This soundtrack has 6 songs. The lyrics were written by Kalidasan, Viveka, Bharathiputhiran, Seerkazhi Govindarajan (Slokam) and Muralikrishnan (Slokam).

References

External links

geocities.com, "SRI RAJA RAJESWARI A movie review by Balaji Balasubramaniam"
broadband.bigflix.com, Sree Raja Rajeswari film details

2001 films
2000s Tamil-language films
Hindu devotional films
Films scored by Deva (composer)
Films directed by Bharathi Kannan


Treaty of Stettin (Szczecin) may refer to:
Treaty of Stettin (1570), ending the Northern Seven Years' War
Treaty of Stettin (1630), settling the conditions of Swedish occupation of the Duchy of Pomerania during the Thirty Years' War
Treaty of Stettin (1653), settling territorial disputes of Brandenburg and Sweden in Pomerania after the Thirty Years' War
Treaty of Stettin (1715), a Hanoveranian-Prussian alliance during the Great Northern War


The Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing (CAS) is a research centre located at the Swinburne University in Melbourne, Australia. It was established in 1998.

The Centre comprises about 43 staff and 39 students engaged in diverse areas of astrophysical research.  It is actively involved in the planned Square Kilometre Array project. Computing resources include a 1950-node supercomputer.  The Centre is the only Australian institution to have an agreement with the W. M. Keck observatory, guaranteeing CAS researchers at least 15 nights per year.

Its motto is "Dedicated to inspiring a fascination in the universe through research and education".

External links
 Facebook group
 CAS Homepage
 COSMOS - SAO Encyclopedia for Astronomy

Astronomy institutes and departments
Research institutes in Australia
Astrophysics research institutes
1998 establishments in Australia


We All Together was a Peruvian rock and roll band formed in 1971. They composed songs in English and Spanish. Their best known songs are the cover "Carry On Till Tomorrow" (originally by Badfinger), "Hey Revolution" and "It's A Sin To Go Away", which appeared on Nuggets II.

The first line-up was formed by Saul Cornejo, his brother Manuel Cornejo, and Carlos Guerrero, who were the founding members, as well as Carlos Salom and Ernesto Samamé.  They broke up in 1974 and regrouped in 1989 and later consisted of Carlos Guerrero, Carlos Pacheco, and Iván Cárdenas. The group once again disbanded after a farewell concert on November 5, 2011, celebrating their 40 years of music.

Discography
We All Together (1972)
We All Together 2 (1974)
1990, La Década (1990)
Cincuenta/Cincuenta (1991)
Quédate (1993)
Aliteraciones (1998)
We All Together (Back Together) (2008)
Surprise (2009)

References

Peruvian rock music groups
Psychedelic rock music groups


The Graperide is a cycle race held annually around Blenheim, New Zealand. First run in 2005, past winners of the race include Robin Reid and Anthony Chapman. The number of participants attempting to enter the Grape Ride has increased each year - due to the logistics of controlling such a large number of riders, the number of riders in the event was capped in 2007 and 2008.

History
The Graperide was first run in 2005, attracting 699 entries (both individuals and teams were counted as a single entry). The majority of entrants rode a 101 km course, though riders who had survived cancer were entitled to ride a special 15 km loop instead. Individual entries were split up into age categories.

In 2006, various categories were added to the race. Firstly, the 101 km ride was split into two sections - an 'Elite' category, for those wishing to race for the winner's prizes on offer, and an 'Individual' category, for those wanting to ride the 101 km course but not wanting to race against the top competitive cyclists. A section was added for tandems, who rode the full 101 km course, and  for penny farthings, who rode the shortened 15 km course. The category for cancer sufferers remained, and a total of 1540 entries were received.

2007 saw additional changes. The 'Elite' categories were rebranded as the 'Speed Bunnies' categories, and the distance for the male 'Speed Bunnies' was increased to 160 km. Also, a new category was introduced known as the 'Magnum'. This involved riding the 101 km course twice, for a total of 202 km. There were a total of 2,267 entries in 2007, with the total number of persons riding capped at 2500.

2008 brought some more changes for the Grape Ride. A special category was set up for survivors of cancer that wanted to ride the full 101 km course, and a new category was set up for riders who wished to ride the 15 km course on a unicycle. A 'Shop Team' category was set up, whereby teams of three representing a business were timed based on the time of their slowest rider. A section was set up for people riding 'old clangers' - bikes that were made at least 50 years ago.

Organisers have announced that 2009 will bring additional categories - an "Ultimate" category, covering 10 laps for a total distance of 1010 km, and a section for college / high school students is under consideration.

Course
The Graperide is based around the Forrest Estate winery. After lining up inside the winery's driveway, participants are released in groups of approximately 100 riders, based on the individual's estimated finishing time. After leaving the winery, riders head south briefly before curving left. Riders pass through Renwick and eventually come into the outskirts of Blenheim, before turning left onto Grove Road. Riders then head north, passing such towns as Grovetown and Spring Creek before reaching Picton. Riders take a left in Picton, travelling into Queen Charlotte Drive. After travelling through the undulating drive, riders pass through The Grove, eventually climbing the 3.4 km long Mahakipawa Hill before descending into Havelock. From there, riders head south until they reach the Forrest Estate winery again. Magnum riders do two laps of the course, while male 'Speed Bunnies' start at Picton, and do one part lap and one full lap.

The smaller 15 km course for cancer riders and unicyclists follows a loop around Renwick.

References

External links
Homepage of the Graperide
Marlborough Express slideshow

Blenheim, New Zealand


Motech Industries Inc. or Motech Solar,  is a solar cell manufacturer based in Taiwan, ranked as the 6th largest solar cell manufacturer in the world in 2007.

As part of an expansion effort into the US, Motech purchased the AstroPower plant in Newark but subsequently closed it down in 2014 due to operational costs. Since then, the company has expanded operations to include production of whole panels.

History
Motech Industries Inc. was founded in 1981 as a designer and manufacturer of test and measurement instruments. The company entered into solar cell production in 1999 as a pioneer in the manufacturing and marketing of high-quality single and polycrystalline silicon solar cells in Taiwan. The company is the largest solar cell manufacturer in Taiwan and one of the top ten manufacturers worldwide in terms of production capacity and output.

See also
Solar energy
List of photovoltaics companies

References

Companies based in Tainan
Photovoltaics manufacturers
Solar energy companies
Taiwanese brands


Second extinction may refer to:

 Second Extinction, a video game
 Late Devonian extinction, second of the five most severe extinction events in the history of the Earth's biota


The Treaty of Stettin () of 4 May 1653 settled a dispute between Brandenburg and Sweden, who both claimed succession in the Duchy of Pomerania after the extinction of the local House of Pomerania during the Thirty Years' War. Brandenburg's claims were based on the Treaty of Grimnitz (1529), while Sweden's claims were based on the Treaty of Stettin (1630). The parties had agreed on a partition of the Swedish-held duchy in the Peace of Westphalia (1648), and with the Treaty of Stettin determined the actual border between the partitions. Western Pomerania became Swedish Pomerania, Farther Pomerania became Brandenburgian Pomerania.

Background

During the war, Sweden had occupied the Duchy of Pomerania in 1630. The last Griffin duke Bogislaw XIV died in 1637, his duchy was supposed to be inherited by Brandenburg, who based her claims on in the Treaty of Grimnitz.

This however was hindered by the Swedish presence. The 1648 Peace of Westphalia ended the war, and Pomerania was to be partitioned between Brandenburg and Sweden. The 1650 Treaty of Nuremberg roughly defined the areas that should be under control of Sweden and Brandenburg, respectively.

The treaty

The precise border was drawn in the 1653 Treaty of Stettin, partitioning the Duchy of Pomerania along a line running east of the Oder river. The areas west of this line (Vorpommern, including Stettin) stayed with Sweden and hence were referred to as Swedish Pomerania. The areas east of the line (Farther Pomerania) were to be transferred to Brandenburg. Half of the customs revenues of the Farther Pomeranian towns were the prerogative of Sweden even after her withdrawal.

The border was determined to run north from the Brandenburg-Pomeranian border, leaving Komturei Greifenhagen and Komturei Wildenbruch with Sweden, to run towards Woltiner See between Wierow and Schönfeld, from there run north between Damerow and Greifenhagen, Klebow and Brünken, Hökendorf and Buchholz, then meet the Plöne river, from there run through the Friedrichswalde forest, cross the Ihna, circumvent Gollnow and Hohenbrück (with Sweden), meet the Martinscher See, circumvent Kammin, Tribsow and Fritzow (with Sweden) and meet the Baltic Sea between Raddack and Lüchentin.

On 19 July 1653, the first Landtag in Brandenburgian Pomerania assembled in Stargard. In 1654, the Swedish withdrawal from Farther Pomerania was complete.

Notability in European context

The treaty consolidated Sweden's control of the Oder estituary, adding to Sweden's gain of control at the lower Weser and Elbe rivers from the Peace of Westphalia. Thus, the treaty consolidated Sweden's control over the mouths of all major German rivers, except for the Rhine. Swedish Pomerania became the largest territorial foothold of Sweden in Germany.

Border revisions of 1679 and 1720

The border as agreed on in the treaty was slightly shifted westwards after the Scanian War in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679), and shifted far west to the Peene and Peenestrom rivers after the Great Northern War in the Treaty of Stockholm (1720).

See also
Treaty of Stettin (1570)
Treaty of Stettin (1630)
Treaty of Stettin (1715)

Sources

References

Bibliography

External links
Annotated edition of the treaty at IEG Mainz

History of Pomerania
1653 in Sweden
Thirty Years' War
History of Szczecin
1653 treaties
Treaties of the Margraviate of Brandenburg
1653 in Europe
Treaties of Brandenburg-Prussia
Swedish Pomerania
Treaties of Sweden


Run Papa Run is a 2008 Hong Kong comedy-drama film directed and co-written by Sylvia Chang, and based on a novel by Benny Li. The film stars Louis Koo as Tiger Lee, a Triad boss who struggles to hide his criminal lifestyle when he is faced with raising his daughter.

Cast
 Louis Koo as Tiger Lee Tin-yun
 Chan Ka-wo as Young Tiger Lee
 Rene Liu as Mabel Chan
 Nora Miao as Auntie Ying
 Liu Yihan as Lee Hei-yee
 Monica Lam as 1 year-old Lee Hoi-yee
 Wong Wai-lam as 5 year-old Lee Hoi-yee
 Wong Wai-ching as 10 year-old Lee Hoi-yee
 Max Mok as Big Eyes
 Lam Suet as Big Mouth
 Derek Tsang as Chicken
 Conroy Chan as Big Head
 Guo Jingling as Officer Lau
 Ti Lung as Mabel's father
 Amy To as Mabel's mother
 Shaun Tam as Ken/Peter Lau
 Au Wai-lun as Young Peter Lau
 Michael Chan as Uncle Tak
 Kent Cheng as Uncle Lone
 Siu Yam-yam as Madam Si
 Gladys Fung as Sue
 Louis Wong as Uncle Kwai
 Fruit Chan as Priest
 Lau Shau-ching as Priest
 Ken Lo as Kong
 Lam Wah-chuen as Mr. Doun
 Wong Pak-to as Four Eyes in Hair Salon
 Cheung Ping-chuen as 70s gangster
 Tsang Chin-yau as 70s gangster
 Heung Ming-hiu as 70s gangster
 Sammy Sum as Tiger's bodyguard
 Altan Au as Tiger's bodyguard
 Fong Chi-kui as Big head's bodyguard
 Wong Chi-wang as Big Head's bodyguard
 Martin Ma as Big Head's bodyguard
 Jason Yip as Cram school instructor #1
 Michelle Wong as Cram school instructor #1
 Law Chi-leung as Cram school instructor #1
 Chan Wai-kwong as Doctor
 Eddy Law as Plainclothes detective #1
 Law Yun-yau as Plainclothes detective #2
 Victy Wong as Tiger's syndicate colleague
 Rocky Wong as Tiger's syndicate colleague
 Alan Jim as Tiger's syndicate colleague
 Mo Chun-yu as Big Head's son
 Cheung Ka-yan as Shirley Lau
 Choemanree Kraisorn as Thai drug trafficker
 Ng Pok-yee as Thai drug trafficker
 Ivy Lau as Kindergarten teacher
 Chan Sze-wai as Kindergarten student
 Lau Pik-ka as Kindergarten student
 Huang Kai-sen as Boss of rival gang
 Coco Cheung as Big Mouth's female escort
 Ng Hau-yiu as Big Head's female escort
 Cheung Siu-lun as Boy in hospital
 Brian R. Barrons as Priest
 Chan Sze-kit as Church organist

Awards and nominations

References

External links

2008 films
2008 comedy-drama films
Hong Kong comedy-drama films
Triad films
2000s Cantonese-language films
Films directed by Sylvia Chang
Films based on Chinese novels
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in Hong Kong
Films with screenplays by Susan Chan
2008 comedy films
2008 drama films
2000s Hong Kong films
Films about father–daughter relationships


The Kleemenko cycle or one-flow cascade cycle is a single-stream mixed-refrigerant technique used to cool or liquefy gases. The term "Kleemenko cycle" is used in refrigeration if multi-component refrigerants (MCR) are used in a cycle.

The Russian scientist Aleksandr Petrovich Klimenko (Александр Петрович Клименко) described the one-flow cascade cycle in the Proceedings of XIII International Conference of Refrigeration in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1959. It was published in "Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology", Volume, I Pergamon Press, 1960, pp. 34–39.

See also
Hampson–Linde cycle
Timeline of low-temperature technology

References

External links
Kleemenko cycle coolers: Low cost refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures

Soviet inventions
Thermodynamic cycles


A telephonoscope was an early concept of videophone and television, conceptualized in the late 1870s through the 1890s.  It was mentioned in various early science fiction works such as Le Vingtième siècle. La vie électrique (The Twentieth Century: The Electrical Life) and other works written by Albert Robida.  It was also sketched in various cartoons by George du Maurier as a fictional invention by Thomas Edison including one made on December 9, 1878 in Punch magazine.

Robida also forecast the era of television broadcasts, with concept art drawn of a televised opera performance, and of a live battlefield report.

See also

 Telectroscope

References

Television technology
History of telecommunications
Videotelephony


Tai Tsun Wu (, September 1, 1933) is a Chinese-born American physicist and writer well known for his contributions to high-energy nuclear physics and statistical mechanics.

Life
Born in Shanghai, he studied  electrical engineering at University of Minnesota and became a William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition fellow (1953). He obtained an S.M. (1954) and Ph.D. (1956) in applied physics from Harvard University.
His thesis concerned  I.  The Concept of Impedance  II. High Frequency Scattering and was advised by Ronold W. P. King.
At Harvard, he continued as  Junior Fellow in the Society of Fellows  (1956–59), joined the faculty of applied physics (1959) and is currently the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics & Professor of Physics.
Wu has also had visiting appointments with Rockefeller University (1966), at the DESY in Hamburg, Germany (1971), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland and Utrecht University (1977).

He has studied statistical mechanics on Bose–Einstein condensation in an external potential, classical electromagnetic theory
(1960).
With Hung Cheng, he used gauge quantum field theory to predict the unboundedly increasing total scattering cross sections at very high energies, experimentally verified at CERN  and  Tevatron collider.
Wu studied production processes for the Large Hadron Collider, in particular to predict the production cross section of a Higgs particle with low momentum together with two forward jets.
His studies with Chen Ning Yang include CP violation, globalization of the gauge theory, and the Wu–Yang dictionary. More  recently, Wu has studied quantum information processing based on the Schrödinger equation without any spatial dimension in the modeling and application of quantum memories.

Honours and awards
 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1977
 Academician of Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 1980
 The Humboldt Prize, 1985
 Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics with Barry M. McCoy and Alexander Zamolodchikov, 1999

Books
The Scattering and Diffraction of Waves (Harvard University Press, 1959).  With Ronold W. P. King.
The two-dimensional Ising model (Harvard University Press, 1973).  With Barry M. McCoy
Expanding Protons: Scattering at High Energies (MIT Press, 1987).  With Hung Cheng
The Ubiquitous Photon: Helicity Methods for QED and QCD (Oxford University Press, 1990).  With Raymond Gastmans
Lateral Electromagnetic Waves: Theory and Applications to Communications, Geophysical Exploration, and Remote Sensing (Springer-Verlag, 1992).  With Ronold W. P. King and Margaret Owens

See also
 Wu-Yang monopole

References

1933 births
Living people
American nuclear physicists
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Chinese nuclear physicists
Chinese science writers
Educators from Shanghai
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Harvard University faculty
Humboldt Research Award recipients
People associated with CERN
Putnam Fellows
Physicists from Shanghai
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
Writers from Shanghai


The Communauté de communes de Saint-Saëns-Porte de Bray  was located in the Seine-Maritime département of the Normandy region of northern France. It was created in January 1994. It was the first “Communauté de communes” to be created in the region. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Bray-Eawy in January 2017.

Participants
The Communauté de communes comprised the following communes:

Bosc-Bérenger
Bosc-Mesnil
Bradiancourt
Critot
Fontaine-en-Bray
Mathonville
Maucomble
Montérolier
Neufbosc
Rocquemont
Sainte-Geneviève
Saint-Martin-Osmonville
Saint-Saëns
Sommery
Ventes-Saint-Rémy

See also
 Communes of the Seine-Maritime department

Notes

Saint-Saens-Porte de Bray


Agradoot () was a group of Indian film technicians signing collectively as director, a phenomenon unique to Bengali cinema. The Agradoot core unit, formed in 1946, consisted initially of Bibhuti Laha (cameraman, 1915–1997), Jatin Datta (sound), Sailen Ghosal (lab work), Nitai Bhattacharya (scenarist) and Bimal Ghosh (production). The group was active up to the end of 1980s.

Selected filmography

References

External links

Agradoot in www.citwf.com

Musicians from Kolkata
Bengali film producers
Bengali film directors
Bengali writers
Film theorists
Indian film score composers
Film collectives
Indian artist groups and collectives


Roger Williams University was a historically black college in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1866 as the Nashville Normal and Theological Institute by the American Baptist denomination, which established numerous schools and colleges in the South. Renamed for Roger Williams, the founder of the First Baptist Church in America, it became the largest Baptist college in the area for educating African Americans. It was founded in a period when Protestant mission groups sponsored numerous educational facilities for freedmen in the South.

By 1874, the college occupied a 28-acre site on a knoll near Hillsboro Pike. In 1905, its buildings were destroyed by two fires of suspicious origin, which led it to close. In 1908, it opened with a new campus at a different location. By 1922, there were only 159 students and 12 faculty members. On July 12, 1927, the decisions was made to merge with Howe Institute in Memphis. The students and teachers left for Memphis on December 29, 1929.

History

Daniel W. Phillips, a white minister and freedmen's missionary from Massachusetts, taught the first classes at what was called Nashville Institute. In 1866, the Baptist Home Mission Board sponsored selected African-American men for the first classes here, including Hardin Smith and Martin Winfield from Haywood County, Tennessee. After they returned to their home communities of Nutbush and Brownsville, respectively, they became ministers and founded several Baptist churches in the area, as well as the first school for freedmen in the county.

In 1874, the college, now known as Roger Williams University after Roger Williams, the Baptist founder of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and one of the first abolitionists, built a campus on a 28-acre site near Hillsboro Pike in Nashville. In 1886 it added a master's degree program. It operated here until 1905, when "the main building of Roger Williams burned on the night of January 24...and the last of the two Roger Williams buildings burned the night of May 22. News stories contained suggestions of incendiary origin..." The campus was sold by developers posing as a Christian missionary agency, under a restrictive covenant barring African Americans from living on the land. The school closed for three years; the site is currently occupied by Peabody College (merged in 1979 with Vanderbilt University). After Baptist fundraising Roger Williams reopened in 1908 at a new location. In 1922 it had 159 students and 12 faculty.

Numerous African Americans who became teachers, ministers, doctors, and other leaders in the South were educated here throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Graduates included William Madison McDonald, who became an influential Republican politician in Texas.

In 1929, the university, already afflicted by financial problems made worse by the stock market crash of 1929, ceased operations; students and faculty were moved to Howe Institute, in Memphis (today LeMoyne–Owen College). The site is currently occupied by American Baptist College, a historically black college, and the World Baptist Center.

Honors
The site of the college from 1874 to 1905 near Hillsboro Pike is commemorated by a state historical marker.

Notable alumni and faculty

 Allen Allensworth
 William Herbert Brewster, Sr., gospel composer
 Newell Houston Ensley
 Betty Hill, civil rights leader
 Elijah P. Marrs, faculty in 1874
 William Madison McDonald, politician in Texas
 Inman E. Page, president of Roger Williams in 1920 and 1921.
 Chasteen C. Stumm, minister, newspaper publisher, journalist, and teacher; attended Roger Williams in the 1870s
 Randal B. Vandavall, co-founder and early trustee

References

External links

Catalogue of the Officers and Students of Roger Williams University, Nashville, Tenn.: For the Academic Year 1884-85, with the Courses of Study (1885)

Universities and colleges established in 1866
Educational institutions disestablished in 1929
Defunct private universities and colleges in Tennessee
Historically black universities and colleges in Tennessee
Universities and colleges in Nashville, Tennessee
LeMoyne–Owen College
1866 establishments in Tennessee


Juul Bjerke (14 April 192828 February 2014) was a Norwegian economist.

He was born in Hof, Vestfold. He took the cand.oecon degree and was hired in Statistics Norway in 1950. He served as State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance from 1971 to 1972, in Bratteli's First Cabinet. He was later a head of department in Statistics Norway from 1973 to 1983, then led the Economy Department at the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1983 to 1993. He was also a member of the board of directors of the Bank of Norway from 1978 to 1993.

He is the father of Siri and Rune Bjerke, and father-in-law of Libe Rieber-Mohn. He died in February 2014 in Motril, Spain.

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
Norwegian civil servants
Norwegian state secretaries
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian trade unionists
20th-century Norwegian economists
People from Hof, Vestfold


Scuderia Ambrosiana was an Italian motor racing team that competed in Grand Prix motor racing and the Formula One World Championship. The team was founded in 1937 by drivers Giovanni Lurani, Luigi Villoresi, Franco Cortese and Eugenio Minetti and was named after the patron saint of Milan, Saint Ambrose. The team's cars were painted in blue and black after the colours of F.C. Internazionale Milano, which at the time went under the name Ambrosiana Inter.

The team competed at the Targa Florio in 1937, 1938 and 1939, where it finished second, third, and second again with Lurani, Cortese and Villoresi. Cortese took also part at the German Grand Prix in 1938, where he finished ninth. In 1947 future World Champion Alberto Ascari drove for the team. Other drivers associated with Scuderia Ambrosiana include Tazio Nuvolari, Reg Parnell, Leslie Brooke and Clemar Bucci.

Between  and  Scuderia Ambrosiana competed sporadically in the Formula One World Championship. Their best result was ninth place in the their first event, the 1950 British Grand Prix, with David Hampshire in a Maserati 4CL. The team's last entry was at the 1954 British Grand Prix, Reg Parnell retiring his Ferrari 500.

In 1951 Lurani and Giovanni Bracco took part in the 24 Hours of Le Mans with a Lancia Aurelia B20, finishing twelfth.

Formula One results

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position) (results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Gallery of Scuderia Ambrosiana representatives

References

Formula One entrants
Auto racing teams in Italy
Companies established in 1937

24 Hours of Le Mans teams


Scuderia Filipinetti (also French name Ecurie Filipinetti) was a Swiss motor racing team that competed in sports car racing and occasionally in Formula One between 1962 and 1973. It was founded by Georges Filipinetti (1907-1973) to support Swiss driver Jo Siffert, but employed many other drivers including Jim Clark, Phil Hill and Ronnie Peterson. Filipinetti initially named the team as Ecurie Nationale Suisse, but changed it after complaints from the Automobile Club de Suisse.

The team ran its cars in a red and white livery and most often used Ferrari cars, although it also employed cars from other manufacturers like FIAT and Chevrolet; the team's 1968 Chevrolet Corvette L88 made its Le Mans debut in 1968 and returned for the 24 Hours of Le Mans five more times – consecutively – until 1973, a record that remains unbroken by any single chassis.

Drivers
Noted drivers who drove from Scuderia Filipinetti between 1962 and 1973:
 Jim Clark
 Phil Hill
 Ronnie Peterson
 Jo Siffert
 Herbert Müller
 Willy Mairesse
 Jo Bonnier
 Nino Vaccarella
 Dieter Spoerry
 Mike Parkes
 Walter Donna
 Philippe Albera
 André Wicky

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

References

External links
 Filipinetti X1/9 - All about the first X1/9 racecar from Scuderia Filipinetti
 TSR Audiovisuelles Archiv Scuderia Filipinetti Geneva 1962 (French)
 A photo of the team's Le Mans Corvette in 2009

Formula One entrants
Formula Two entrants
Can-Am entrants
Auto racing teams in Switzerland

24 Hours of Le Mans teams


James Daniel Eisenhauer (January 1, 1832 – November 16, 1896) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1891 as a Liberal member.

Early life and education
He was born in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, the son of German immigrants, and was educated there.

Career
Eisenhauer was a major exporter of fish to the West Indies. He was president of the Lunenburg Marine Association and treasurer for the Nova Scotia Wood Pulp and Paper Company. Eisenhauer represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1878; he was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1878. After serving one term in the House of Commons, Eisenhauer was unsuccessful in the 1891 general election.

Personal life
In 1859, he married Mary Ann Begg.

Electoral record

References

The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1889, JA Gemmill

1832 births
1896 deaths
Canadian people of German descent
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia


Diplocercidae is an extinct family of prehistoric coelacanth fishes which lived during the Devonian and Carboniferous period.

See also
 Serenichthys kowiensis (sometimes placed in this family)

References

Devonian bony fish
Carboniferous bony fish
Prehistoric lobe-finned fish families
Devonian first appearances
Carboniferous extinctions


Thorvald L. Mellingen (8 October 1935 – 29 October 2016) was a Norwegian engineer.

He graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1961, and then worked in the companies Norsk Bergverk and Sydvaranger. He was then hired in Norsk Hydro in 1965, and took further education at the Institut français du pétrole. In 1969 he went on to Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Forskningsråd. From 1976 to 1982 he worked in Saga Petroleum, overseeing construction at the Sèmè oil field in Benin. In 1983 he was hired as assistant director of NUTEC. He was then CEO from 1984 to 1998, except for a period between 1991 and 1992 when he was CEO of Statoil Nigeria. From 2001 he was an advisor for the Angolan Ministry of Petroleum.

Thorvald Mellingen was a volunteer and   of DIDI International Therapeutic Children Theater for war affected children. In 2005 Mellingen empowered the creation of the women professional center in Bamako, Mali.

Mellingen was a member of the board of the Norwegian Petroleum Society, and was involved in the Norwegian Support Committee for Chechnya. He was a Knight, 1st Class, of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star, and lived in Laksevåg.

References

1935 births
2016 deaths
Norwegian businesspeople
Norwegian engineers
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Order of the Polar Star
People in the petroleum industry


Alexander Borisovich Zamolodchikov (; born September 18, 1952)  is a Russian physicist, known for his contributions to condensed matter physics, two-dimensional conformal field theory, and statistical mechanics, and is currently the C.N. Yang – Wei Deng Endowed Chair of Physics at Stony Brook University.

Biography
Born in Novo-Ivankovo, now part of Dubna, Zamolodchikov earned a M.Sc. in nuclear engineering (1975) from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, a Ph.D. in physics from the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (1978). He joined the research staff of Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (1978) where he got an honorary doctorate (1983).

He co-authored the famous BPZ paper "Infinite Conformal Symmetry in Two-Dimensional Quantum Field Theory", with Alexander Polyakov and Alexander Belavin.

He joined Rutgers University (1990) where he co-founded Rutgers New High Energy Theory Center, and was named Board of Governors Professor (2005).

In 2016, he became the inaugural holder of the C. N. Yang/Wei Deng Chair in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics at Stony Brook University.

He is the twin brother of the late Alexei Zamolodchikov (1952–2007), also a noted physicist.

Awards
1999: Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics with Barry M. McCoy and Tai Tsun Wu for "their groundbreaking and penetrating work on classical statistical mechanics, integrable models and conformal field theories."
2003/4: Humboldt Prize
2005: Blaise Pascal Chair at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris
2011: Lars Onsager Prize, together with Alexander Belavin and Alexander Polyakov, "for the remarkable ideas that they introduced concerning conformal field theory and soluble models of statistical mechanics in two dimensions."
2011: Dirac Medal from the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste.
2016: elected to the National Academy of Sciences
2024: Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, "for profound contributions to statistical physics and quantum field theory, with diverse and far-reaching applications in different branches of physics and mathematics."

See also
C-theorem
Conformal bootstrap
Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations
Thirring model
W-algebra

References

1952 births
Living people
People from Dubna
Russian physicists
21st-century American physicists
American string theorists
Russian string theorists
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology alumni
Rutgers University faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Mathematical physicists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences


Low Dinsdale Manor is a privately owned, much altered, and extended medieval moated fortified manor house  situated on the north bank of the River Tees at Low Dinsdale, near Darlington, County Durham, England. It is a Grade II* listed building.

The manor was owned by the Surtees family from the 12th century. Several members of the Surtees of Dinsdale family served as High Sheriff of Northumberland. In 1511 on the death of the last male of the family it passed to his daughter Katherine Place. Rowland Place was High Sheriff of Durham in 1654. The house was the birthplace of his son   artist Francis Place (1647–1728). In 1718 the manor was sold to Cuthbert Routh and in 1770 to John Lambton of Lambton. In 1789 a mineral spring was discovered on the estate and a Spa was established. Lambton's son John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham built Dinsdale Spa Hotel in 1829.

In 1844 the Earl sold the manor to Henry George Surtees (High Sheriff of Durham 1862) a descendant of the ancient family. He substantially extended and altered the house in 1876 adding new bays to the medieval core and two cross-gabled wings.

In 1914 the manor was sold to Sir Henry Havelock-Allan Bt.

A large part of the estate was sold for the creation of a golf course.

References
  English Heritage: architectural description of listed building
  A History of the County of Durham Vol 3 (1928) p217-222 Low Dinsdale from British History Online

Grade II* listed buildings in County Durham
History of County Durham
Country houses in County Durham


Bonnier may refer to:

 Bonnier Group, a privately held Swedish media group
 Bonnier family, a Swedish family related to the conglomerate
 Bonnier (surname)
 Bunder, a unit of area


John Carmichael OAM (born 5 October 1930) is an Australian pianist, composer and music therapist who has long been resident in the United Kingdom.  One of his best known works is the Concierto folklorico for piano and string orchestra.  His works for piano form much of his musical output, although he composes for many other instruments.  His work is described as expressive and lyrical.

Biography
John Carmichael was born in Melbourne in 1930. He studied piano with Margaret Schofield and in 1947 won a scholarship to the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, where his teacher was Raymond Lambert. He also studied composition with Dorian Le Gallienne. Moving to Europe, he studied at the Paris Conservatoire with Marcel Ciampi and in London with Arthur Benjamin and Anthony Milner, a pupil of Mátyás Seiber. He wrote the music for Britain's Festival of Women during this period. He also wrote reviews and critiques for music magazines.

John Carmichael was a pioneer in the field of music therapy; he developed music teaching and music appreciation projects at Stoke Mandeville Hospital and Netherden Mental Hospital in Surrey, and worked for the Council for Music Therapy in London.

Between 1958 and 1963, he was music director of the Spanish dance company Eduardo Y Navarra, during which time he became fascinated by Spanish folk idiom. He toured internationally with the group, including an Australian visit. From this came the Concierto folklorico for piano and string orchestra. John Carmichael has twice recorded this work with himself as soloist, both times with the West Australian Symphony Orchestra (1970, conducted by Tibor Paul; 1984, conducted by David Measham).

In 1980, his Phoenix Flute Concerto was premiered at the Sydney Opera House with James Galway as soloist and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra under Louis Frémaux. Galway also played in the U.S. premiere the same year, at the Hollywood Bowl by the Los Angeles Philharmonic under Michael Tilson Thomas.

In 1984, he appeared as soloist in a performance of his piano concerto on the "Last Night of the Proms" during the 10th Perth International Arts Festival.

Writing for the piano has always stimulated ideas for compositions has led to collaborations with Australian pianists such as Victor Sangiorgio, Antony Gray and also with Carles & Sofia piano duo, who have recorded Carmichael's complete works for piano four hands for the label KNS-classical.

Honours
In the Queen's Birthday Honours of June 2011, John Carmichael was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for his services as a composer and concert pianist.

Works
 Damon Suite (1946)
 Bagatelle (1956)
 Puppet Show (1958; piano duet)
 Tourbillon (piano 1959; piano four hands 2006)
 Fetes champetres (1960; clarinet and piano)
 Concierto folklorico (1965; piano and string orchestra)
 Country Fair (1972; clarinet and orchestra)
 Trumpet Concerto (1972)
 Thredbo Suite (1980; flute and piano, or flute and orchestra)
 Phoenix Concerto (1980; flute and orchestra)
 Fantasy Concerto (1988; flute and orchestra)
 Saxophone Concerto (1990)
 Latin American Suite (1990; Bahama Rumba, Habanera, Joropo)(piano 4 hands 2001: Bahama Rumba, Joropo, Habanera, Jongo)
 Bravura Waltzes (piano 1990; 4-hands 2003)
 From the Dark Side (1992; 1. The Secret Ceremony.  2. Before Nightfall.  3. Elegy.  4. Dance with the Devil)
 Dark Scenarios (piano four hands, 1994)
 Spider Song (1995)
 Sea Changes (2000; piano quartet)
 Sonatine (2001: Pastorale; Interlude; Toccata)
 Sun Worship, concert aria (2001; soprano, clarinet and piano)
 Serenade for flute and strings (2002)
 Fantasy Sonata (flute and piano)
 Aria and Finale (soprano saxophone and piano)
 Latin American Suite (alto saxophone and piano)
 Opera (libretto based on Jean Rhys)
 Piano Concerto No. 2 (premièred in 2011)
 A Little Night Music (suite for flute and piano: 1. Caribbean Moonrise; 2. Quiet Evening; 3. Carnival Night)
 On the Green (wind ensemble)
 Hommages – Manuel de Falla, Francis Poulenc, Gabriel Fauré, Maurice Ravel (piano and piano four hands, 2008)
 Troubled Dream (d’après Franz Liszt)
 Escapades (2009; Flute choir)

External links
 John Carmichael website
 amcoz
 NLA

References

Australian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
1930 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
20th-century classical pianists
21st-century classical composers
21st-century classical pianists
Composers for piano
Music therapists
People educated at Haileybury (Melbourne)
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Australian male classical composers
Australian classical composers
20th-century Australian male musicians
20th-century Australian musicians
21st-century Australian male musicians
21st-century Australian musicians


Baruch Mizrachi (, Beit Baruch Mizrachi, "House of Baruch Mizrachi") is an old  Jewish family in Jerusalem, whose ancestor came to Jerusalem in 1621 and bought five houses in what is now called the Old City.

In 1643, Mizrachi wrote a will bequeathing the houses to his sons, yet preventing them from selling the houses, and obliging them to bequeath the houses to their sons, so that when the Messiah comes, Mizrahi will be able to return and live in his houses. The houses passed from generation to generation, and were the main reason that the family didn't leave Jerusalem (many other Jewish families left the city because of the economic conditions at the time). The houses were leased by the family members since the turn of the 20th century to an Arab family, while the family members built their houses outside the walls surrounding the Old City.

Post-independence
In 1948, the Old City was conquered by the Jordanian army, and the same Arab family continued living in the houses. When Israel conquered East Jerusalem in 1967, the family members returned to the houses and claimed ownership to the property. At the time, the Israeli authorities expropriated and demolished all the houses in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem in order to build a new neighborhood, and hence the family members were able to collect only compensation, which they felt they were not allowed to collect because of Baruch Mizrachi's will. Instead it was agreed that on the new building, a plaque would be mounted with the family's story.

Jerusalem mayors Teddy Kollek, Uri Lupolianski and Nir Barkat promised that upon the arrival of the Messiah, Baruch Mizrachi will be able to receive from the municipality five new houses in Jerusalem.

Descendants
Several descendants of the family are known today, including former Israeli president Yitzhak Navon and Gilead Sher, an Israeli peace negotiator.

References

Families from Jerusalem
17th century in Jerusalem
Israeli families
Israeli Mizrahi Jews
Jews from Ottoman Palestine
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
Jews and Judaism in Jerusalem


Ballistic impact is a high velocity impact by a small mass object, analogous to runway debris or small arms fire. The simulation of ballistic impacts can be achieved with a light-gas gun or other ballistic launcher. It is important to study the response of materials to ballistic impact loads. Applications of this research include body armor, armored vehicles and fortified buildings, as well as the protection of essential equipment, such as the jet engines of an airliner.

References

See also
Impact (mechanics)

Ballistics
Firearms
Forensic techniques
Materials testing
Projectiles


Lauryn Hill is an American singer, rapper, and songwriter. With a total of 8 wins from the Grammy Awards for her music (including her work in The Fugees), she is the most Grammy awarded female rapper. Hill was the first female hip hop artist to win the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album (with The Fugees), and Best New Artist. Her first and only solo studio album, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, won five awards at the 41st Annual Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, making it the first hip hop album to win the award, and making Hill the youngest black artist to win the award; Hill walked away with a total of five awards that night, breaking the record at the time for most awards won by a female artist in single ceremony, and set the current record for most nominations received by a female artist in a single ceremony.

In 2000, Hill won a consecutive Grammy Award for Album of the Year, as a producer on Santana's Supernatural, becoming the only female artist to win the award in two consecutive years, and the only female artist to win as a lead artist and as a producer. Hill was awarded Video of the Year at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards, for her music video "Doo Wop (That Thing)", becoming the first hip hop video to win. Additionally Hill has won four NAACP Image Awards, Including the President's Award.

In 2015, she received the Golden Note Award from American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers; and has won additional songwriting awards for her credits on Drake's "Nice for What", Aretha Franklin's "A Rose Is Still a Rose", Cardi B's "Be Careful", and Kanye West's "All Falls Down". Hill has broken a total of four Guinness World Records, throughout her career. In 2022, Hill was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.

Awards and nominations

Other accolades

State honors

World records

Atlanta Hip Hop Film Festival

Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame

Columbia High School Hall of Fame

Vevo Certified Awards
Vevo Certified Award honors artists with over 100 million views on Vevo and its partners (including YouTube) through special features on the Vevo website. It was launched in June 2012.

Notes

References

Hill, Lauryn
Awards


The Aiguille de l'A Neuve is a mountain of the Mont Blanc massif, located on the border between Switzerland and France. It lies close to the Tour Noir to the south.

The closest locality is La Fouly (Valais).

References

External links
 Aiguille de l'A Neuve on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders
Mountains of Valais
Mountains of Haute-Savoie
France–Switzerland border
International mountains of Europe
Mountains of Switzerland


The Swallow TP was a trainer aircraft produced by the Swallow Airplane Company in the United States from 1928.

Design and construction
The TP was a simple and rugged biplane design with room for an instructor and student in tandem open cockpits. The fuselage was made from welded steel tubing, faired to shape and then fabric covered. The wings were typical of the day with Spruce spars, spruce & plywood ribs with fabric covering. Built to be easy to fly, and for ease of maintenance, the Swallow TP was quite popular with nearly 200 being built. Initially the TP was offered with the ubiquitous Curtiss OX-5. Later, it was offered with a choice of a Siemens-Halske, Kinner, or Warner engines. Most customers opted for the OX-5 which was the cheapest.

Variants
''Data from:Aerofiles
TP
Main production variant with a Curtiss OX-5 engine, about 200 built.
TP-K
Production variant with a five-cylinder Kinner K-5 engine, 20 to 25 built.
TP-W
Production variant with a seven-cylinder Warner Scarab engine, three built
TP-Sh
Production variant with seven-cylinder Siemens-Halske Sh 14 engine.

Specifications (Swallow TP)

References

External links

FAA Approved Type Certificate 105 Swallow TP

1920s United States civil trainer aircraft


American singer and rapper Lauryn Hill has released one studio album, one live album, and 20 singles (including nine singles as a featured artist). She has also written for and performed on several other tracks.

Released on August 25, 1998, Hill's debut album The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill sold over 423,000 copies in its first week (boosted by advance radio play of two non-label-sanctioned singles, "Lost Ones" and "Can't Take My Eyes Off You") and topped the US Billboard 200 for four weeks and the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums for six weeks. It went on to sell 10 million copies in the US, being certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America, and 12 million copies worldwide. The lead single released from the album was "Doo Wop (That Thing)", which debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Other charted singles from the album were "Ex-Factor", "Everything Is Everything" and "To Zion".

During 2000, Hill dropped out of the public eye. In July 2001, while pregnant with her third child, Hill unveiled her new material to a small crowd, for a taping of an MTV Unplugged special. An album of the concert, titled MTV Unplugged No. 2.0, was released in May 2002 and featured only her singing and playing an acoustic guitar. 2.0 debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, However, it was certified platinum in the US on June 11, 2002.

Albums

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Promotional singles

Other charted songs

Videography

Video albums

Music videos

As lead artist

As featured artist

Guest appearances

Notes

See also
Fugees discography

References

External links

Discographies of American artists
Hip hop discographies
Discography
Rhythm and blues discographies


Jan Schreiner Levy (born 3 September 1943) is a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Conservative Party.

He started his career as a journalist in Østlandsposten. He then worked for the Conservative Party between 1966 and 1981, including positions as secretary and editor of the party newspaper. From 1981 to 1986, in the first and second cabinet Willoch, Levy was appointed state secretary in the Ministry of Church and Education and the Ministry of Culture and Science.

When the second cabinet Willoch fell in May 1986, Levy was hired as an advisor in the Ministry of Culture. In October the same year he was appointed director of the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund. He served until 1993, and was then appointed deputy under-secretary of State in the Ministry of Education. He has been a member of the Directorate for Education in OECD and the higher education group in the Nordic Council of Ministers. He was involved in the Bologna process.

References

1943 births
Living people
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian state secretaries
Directors of government agencies of Norway
Norwegian civil servants


Pointe Kurz (3,680 m) is a mountain of the Mont Blanc Massif, located on the border between France and Switzerland. It lies between the glaciers of Argentière and L'A Neuve, west of La Fouly, the closest locality.

The Pointe Kurz is the highest summit of the Aiguilles Rouges du Dolent, a small range situated between the Tour Noir and Mont Dolent.

See also
List of mountains of Switzerland named after people

References

External links
 Pointe Kurz on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders
Mountains of Valais
Mountains of Haute-Savoie
France–Switzerland border
International mountains of Europe
Mountains of Switzerland


Marie Paris Pişmiş de Recillas (, 30 January 1911 – 1 August 1999) was an Armenian-Mexican astronomer.

Pişmiş was born Mari Sukiasian () in 1911, in Ortaköy, Istanbul. She completed her high school studies at Üsküdar American Academy. In 1937, she became the first woman to get a Ph.D. from the Science Faculty of Istanbul University. Her advisor was Erwin Finlay Freundlich. Later, she went to Harvard University where she met her future husband Félix Recillas, a Mexican mathematician. They settled in Mexico, and she became the first professional astronomer in Mexico. According to Dorrit Hoffleit, "she is the one person most influential in establishing Mexico’s importance in astronomical education and research".

For more than 50 years she worked at UNAM which awarded her a number of prizes including the "Science Teaching Prize". She was a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.

Pişmiş studied among others the kinematics of galaxies, H II nebulae, the structure of open star clusters and planetary nebulae. She compiled the catalogue Pismis of 24 open clusters and 2 globular clusters in the southern hemisphere.

In 1998, she published an autobiography entitled "Reminiscences in the Life of Paris Pişmiş: a Woman Astronomer".
She died in 1999. According to her wish, she was cremated. Her daughter Elsa Recillas Pishmish, son-in-law Carlos Cruz-González, and grand-daughter Irene Cruz-González also became astronomers.

References

Further reading

External links
 Biography
 Bülent Uyar on Paris Pişmiş
 İspanyol.com

1911 births
1999 deaths
20th-century astronomers
Mexican people of Armenian descent
Scientists from Istanbul
Mexican astronomers
Turkish people of Armenian descent
Turkish astronomers
Turkish emigrants
Immigrants to Mexico
Turkish women academics
Turkish academics
Women astronomers
Armenian astronomers
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences


The California Health and Human Services Agency (CHHS) is the state agency tasked with administration and oversight of "state and federal programs for health care, social services, public assistance and rehabilitation" in the U.S. state of California. The agency is headed by the Secretary of the California Health and Human Services Agency, with headquarters in Sacramento. Many of the laws in the California Health and Safety Codes are enforced by it.

On March 6, 2019, Governor Gavin Newsom nominated Mark Ghaly, MD, MPH to be Secretary of CHHS. The California State Senate unanimously confirmed Ghaly on June 17, 2019. Ghaly previously served as the director of health and social impact for Los Angeles County, deputy director of the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, and medical director of the San Francisco Department of Public Health’s Southeast Health Center. Ghaly earned his doctorate of medicine degree from Harvard Medical School and a master of public health degree from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

CHHS was created from a reorganization of other California agencies, including the California Health and Welfare Agency which included the California Department of Health Services.

Organization
The agency is divided into various departments and boards:

 California Department of Aging
 California Department of Child Support Services
 California Department of Community Services and Development
 California Department of Developmental Services
 California Emergency Medical Services Authority
 California Department of Health Care Services
 California Department of Managed Health Care
 California Managed Risk Medical Insurance Board
 California Department of Public Health
 California Department of Rehabilitation
 California Department of Social Services
 California Department of State Hospitals
 CONREP
 California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development
 California Office of Health Information Integrity (CalOHII)
 California Office of Law Enforcement Support
 California Office of the Patient Advocate - originally created in 2000, it conducts consumer education, provides quality of care scorecards, and reports on consumer questions and complaints
 California Office of Systems Integration
 Office of the California Surgeon General

History
The agency was originally created in 1961 by Government Code section 12800 as the Human Relations Agency, and renamed to the Health and Welfare Agency in 1972 to and again to its current name in 1998.

References

External links

Health and Human Services Agency
State departments of health of the United States
Medical and health organizations based in California


John Archibald Austen (Dover, (Kent), 5 January 1886 – Hythe, Kent, 27 October 1948) was a British book illustrator.

Profile
Austin moved to London in 1906, where he studied art. His early works, including an illustrated Hamlet were Beardsleyesque in style. After 1925 he was influenced by Art Deco . Books which he illustrated in this manner include Daphnis and Chloe and a printed version of As You Like it. His work for Radio Times includes the cover of the Easter 1934 edition.

Austen used several techniques in his illustrations, including wood engraving and scraperboard, and changed styles to suit the text he was illustrating. He was also involved in advertising, producing adverts, several posters & numerous just jacket designs. He was a friend of Alan Odle and Harry Clarke and exhibited with them at the St George's Gallery in 1925.

Works concerning him
The novelist Dorothy Richardson, the wife of Alan Odle wrote about him in John Austen and the Inseparables (London: William Jackson, 1930).

Issue 27 of The Imaginative Book Illustration Society's Studies in Illustration contains a biography and full bibliography by Martin Steenson.*

Books illustrated and/or authored by him
Ralph Holbrook Keenm, The Little Ape and Other Stories (Henderson, 1921)
Hugh L’Anson Fausset, The Condemned and The Mercy of God: Two Poems of Crisis (Selwyn & Blount, 1922)
Edward Cracroft Lefroy, Echoes from Theocritus (Selwyn & Blount, 1922)
Charles Perrault, Tales of Passed Times (Selwyn & Blount, 1922)
William Shakespeare, Hamlet (Selwyn & Blount, 1922)
Francis Lawrence Bickley, The Adventures of Harlequin (Selwyn & Blount, 1923)
Jose Maria De Eca De Queiroz, Perfection (Selwyn & Blount, 1923)
Thomas Moult (editor), The Best Poems of 1922 (Cape, 1923)
James Murray Allison, The Five Black Cousins and Other Bird Rhymes (Cape, 1924)
John Austen, Rogues in Porcelain, A Miscellany of 18th Poems (Chapman & Hall, 1924)
Benjamin Disraeli, Ixion in Heaven (Cape, 1925)
Anon, Everyman and Other Plays (Chapman & Hall, 1925)
Longus, Daphnis and Chloe (Bles, 1925)
Thomas Moult (editor), The Best Poems of 1925 (Cape, 1925)
Lord Byron, Don Juan (Bodley Head, 1926)
Anatole France, The Gods Are Athirst (Bodley Head, 1926 & 1933)
Laurence Sterne, Tristram Shandy (Bodley Head, 1927)
Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary (Bodley Head, 1928)
L’Abbe Prevost, Manon Lescaut (Bles, 1928)
Thomas Moult (editor), The Best Poems of 1928 (Cape, 1928)
Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders (Bodley Head, 1929)
Benjamin Disraeli, The Infernal Marriage (William Jackson, 1929)
Norman Douglas, South Wind (two volumes)(Angus Book Shop, 1929)
Thomas Moult (editor), The Best Poems of 1929 (Cape. 1929)
H. E. Bates, The Hessian Prisoner (William Jackson, 1930)
Villiers David, The Guardsman and Cupid's Daughter (Cayme Press, 1930)
William Shakespeare, As You Like It (William Jackson, 1930)
Pierre Louys, The Collected Tales of Pierre Louys (Chicago: Argus Books, 1930)
Alfred Benjamin Cooper,  Poets in Pinafores: Being Nursery Rhymes Rewritten (Alston Rivers, 1931)
William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair (novel)|Vanity Fair (Limited Editions Club NY, 1931)
Dorothy Una Ratcliffe: The Gypsy Dorelia: A Pay in 3 Acts (Bodley Head, 1932)
Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Club (Limited Editions Club NY, 1933)*
C. C. & D. G., The English in Love (Secker, 1933)
C. C. & D. G., A National Gallery, Being a Collection of English Characters (Secker, 1934)
Charles Dickens, David Copperfield (NY: Heritage, 1935)
Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (Limited Editions Club NY, 1936)
Aristophanes, The Frogs (Limited Editions Club NY, 1937) (NY: Heritage, 1959)
Alaine-Rene LeSage, The Adventures of Gil Blas (Limited Editions Club NY, 1937)
John Austen, The ABC of Pen and Ink Rendering (Pitman, 1937)
Oliver Goldsmith, Oliver Wakefield (NY: Heritage, 1939)
William Shakespeare, Comedy of Errors (Limited Editions Club NY, 1939)
Arnold Bennett, The Old Wives' Tale (Limited Editions Club NY, 1941)
Frederick George Thomas, The Village (OUP, 1943)
Jane Austen, Persuasion (Avalon Press. 1946)
Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queen (two volumes) (Limited Editions Club NY, 1953)

References

External links
Biography
Illustrators: Austen
Tristram Shandy, drawing by John Austen
Book Illustration Catalogue

English illustrators
1886 births
1948 deaths
Art Deco artists


The Petit Grépillon is a mountain of the Mont Blanc Massif, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It lies on the range south-east of Mont Dolent, between the glaciers of Pré de Bard (Aosta Valley) and Dolent (Valais).

References

External links
 Petit Grépillon on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders
Mountains of Valais
Mountains of Italy
Italy–Switzerland border
International mountains of Europe
Mountains of Switzerland


John Alexander Macdonald (January 3, 1883 – June 11, 1945) was a physician and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Richmond—West Cape Breton in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1930 as a Conservative member. He sat for Richmond—West Cape Breton division as a member of the Senate of Canada from 1932 to 1945.

He was born in Havre Boucher, Nova Scotia, the son of Hugh Macdonald, and was educated at Saint Francis Xavier University and Dalhousie University. In 1912, Macdonald married Margaret Lola Maxwell. He represented Richmond County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1916 to 1925, when he resigned to run for a federal seat. Macdonald resigned his seat in the Commons in 1930 to allow Edgar Nelson Rhodes to be elected there. He was a member of the Knights of Columbus. He died in office as a member of the Senate at the age of 62.

References

 Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1928, AL Normandin

1883 births
1945 deaths
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
Canadian senators from Nova Scotia
Canadian Roman Catholics


Girl with a Pearl Earring is a 2008 play.  Adapted by David Joss Buckley from the 1999 novel of the same title by Tracy Chevalier, it premiered at the Cambridge Arts Theatre.  It then received its London premiere at the Theatre Royal Haymarket on 29 September 2008, directed by Joe Dowling and designed by Peter Mumford.  Its London run had been scheduled to end on 1 November, but after largely poor reviews and in a poor financial climate it closed early on 18 October.

London cast
Niall Buggy - Van Ruijven
Adrian Dunbar - Johannes Vermeer
Jonathan Bailey - Pieter
Kimberley Nixon - Griet
Sara Kestelman - Maria Thins
Flora Spencer-Longhurst - Cornelia Vermeer

See also
Girl with a Pearl Earring, c. 1665 Vermeer painting

Notes

External links
Theatre's brush with painting - Guardian, 1 October 2008

2008 plays
Plays based on novels
Plays based on real people
American plays
Cultural depictions of Johannes Vermeer


Andreas Aagaard Kiønig (8 August 1771 – 1 March 1856) was a Norwegian lawyer and judge. He served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly.

Andreas Aagaard Kiønig  was born on Opaker Gård at Grue in Hedmark,  Norway. He graduated as cand.jur. in 1790.

He was elected to the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814, representing the constituency of Hedemarkens Amt. He supported the  independence party (Selvstendighetspartiet). At that time he worked as a district stipendiary magistrate (sorenskriver) in the traditional district
of Østerdalen.

He was then appointed Supreme Court Assessor the same year. In 1836, when appointment of a new Chief Justice was due, Kiønig was a candidate, but the position was given to Georg Jacob Bull. As a result, Kiønig retired as a Supreme Court Assessor. Kiønig was honorably discharged from civil service in 1837 and retired to Opsal søndre in the parish of Elverum in Hedmark.

References

1771 births
1856 deaths
18th-century Norwegian lawyers
Norwegian civil servants
People from Grue, Norway
Fathers of the Constitution of Norway
Hedmark politicians
Supreme Court of Norway justices
19th-century Norwegian lawyers


The Scipion was a 74-gun  of the French Navy.

She was commissioned in 1813, captained by Louis François Richard Barthélémy de Saizieu. She was refitted in 1823.

On 30 September 1827, she collided with Provence, which sustained serious damage and had to return to Toulon for repairs.

On 20 October 1827, she took part in the Battle of Navarino, under Pierre Bernard Milius, sailing behind the Sirène in the line. At the outbreak of the battle, Scipion narrowly escaped destruction by a fireship which became jammed under her bowsprit; her fore sails caught fire and the fire spread into the upper gun-deck, but was eventually put out by the crew.  succeeded in attaching a tow-line to the fireship and, with the assistance of  and two other British boats, pulling it clear. Sirène, Trident and Scipion then proceeded to silence the batteries of the fort of Navarino.

She was eventually struck in 1846.

References and sources

Ships of the line of the French Navy
Téméraire-class ships of the line
1813 ships


Ole Olsen Evenstad (23 September 1766 – 20 February 1833) was a Norwegian farmer and elected official who served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly.

Biography
Ole Olsen Evenstad was born on the Evenstad farm in Stor-Elvdal  parish in Hedmark, Norway. He was the son of a farm owner and local sheriff, Ole Olsen Evenstad  (1739–1806) and Gertrude Helgesdatter Søstu Stai (1745–1820). Evenstad later ran the family farm and also served as sheriff in his district.

Ole Olsen Evenstad was elected to the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814, representing the constituency of Hedemarkens Amt (now Hedmark). Together with his fellow delegates from Hedmark, Claus Bendeke and Andreas Aagaard Kiønig, he supported the position of the independence party (Selvstendighetspartiet). In 1821 he was awarded the Medal for Outstanding Civic Service (Borgerdådsmedaljen) second class in silver. He became a member of the Norwegian Parliament for Hedmark in 1824 where he was a member of the  commission for mining and forestry. He also was a member of the Conciliation Commission (Forlikskommisjon) in his district.

Evenstad skogskole
In 1912, the former Evenstad farm was acquired by the Evenstad Forestry School  (Evenstad skogskole). The 126-year-old main building at Evenstad burned down in 1987. Since 1989 the former farm and forestry school has served as the Evenstad Campus of Hedmark University College. The school offers degrees in forestry and wildlife management, together with advanced courses of study in  applied ecology.

Personal life
In 1795, he married his cousin Kari Olsdatter Søstu Stai (1766–1828). They were the parents of two sons,  Ole Olsen Evenstad (1798–1859) and Helge Olsen Evenstad (1800–1801).  Evenstad died in 1833 at 67 years of age and  was buried at Stor-Elvdal Church.

References

External links
Representantene på Eidsvoll 1814 (Cappelen Damm AS)
 Men of Eidsvoll (eidsvollsmenn)
Evenstad kirke (norske-kirkebygg)

Related Reading
Holme Jørn (2014) De kom fra alle kanter - Eidsvollsmennene og deres hus  (Oslo: Cappelen Damm)

1766 births
1833 deaths
Fathers of the Constitution of Norway
Members of the Storting
Hedmark politicians


Ole Olsen Evenstad may refer to:

Ole Olsen Evenstad (born 1766), member of the Norwegian Parliament
Ole Olsen Evenstad (born 1775), member of the Norwegian Parliament


Ole Olsen Evenstad (1781 – 16 April 1833) was a Norwegian politician.

He was elected to the first session of the Norwegian Parliament in 1833, representing the constituency of Hedemarkens Amt. He worked as a farmer there.  He was supposed to report to the Storting in the capital on February 1 1833, but had fallen ill and Jakob Nilsen Hoel took his place. He died 10 weeks later. He is often confused with his older brother, Ole Olsen Evenstad (born 1766), who died in February 1833.

References

1781 births
1833 deaths
Members of the Storting
Hedmark politicians
People from Stor-Elvdal


Jacques de Serisay (1594 – November 1653) was a French poet, intendant of the duc de La Rochefoucauld, and the founding director of the Académie française.

He was born in Paris, and was director of the Académie from 1634 to 11 January 1638, as well as being the first occupant of seat three. Only a few of his poems are extant. He died in La Rochefoucauld, Charente.

References

1594 births
1653 deaths
Poets from Paris
French poets
Members of the Académie Française
17th-century French writers
17th-century French male writers
French male poets


Gilbert + Tobin is a leading Australian law firm with offices in Sydney, Melbourne and Perth. It provides legal services to corporate and government clients across Australia and internationally.

Established in 1988 by Danny Gilbert and Tony Tobin, the firm employs approximately 1000 people, and has one of the highest proportions of female partners of any major Australian law firm.

Gilbert + Tobin depart from the usual practice at similar law firms in their use of a flat hierarchy, with no formal band structures. This means that all of its legally trained employees are referred to as "lawyers", rather than associates or senior associates.

Gilbert + Tobin’s well-established base of corporate clients include many of the ASX 100 leading companies, major infrastructure and services providers, large financial institutions, transport and logistics companies, as well as government and public authorities.

In 2021, Gilbert + Tobin advised Afterpay Limited on the acquisition of Afterpay by Square. The A$39 billion deal is the largest public mergers and acquisitions deal in Australia's history.

Awards and recognition
Gilbert + Tobin (G + T) has 20 practice areas ranked in the Chambers Asia-Pacific Guide 2021. It is also ranked by Chambers as a leading firm globally.

G + T was named the Most Innovative team headquartered in the Asia-Pacific and Australia in 2017 by the Financial Times and again in 2020. In 2020, it was awarded Intellectual Property Team of the Year by Lawyers Weekly and was named Australian Law Firm of the Year (101-500 Lawyers) at the Australasian Law Awards.

Other recent awards include:

 Legal 500 Asia-Pacific (2021) - Tier 1 in ten practice areas (Banking and Finance, Capital Markets, Competition and Trade, Corporate and M&A, Data Protection, Dispute Resolution, Intellectual Property, IT and Telecoms, Project Finance, and Restructuring and Insolvency.
 Australasian Law Awards (2020) - Corporate Citizen Firm of the Year.
 Best Lawyers Australia (2022) - Law Firm of the Year for Competition Law.
 Client Choice Awards (2021) - Most Innovative Law Firm.
 Mergermarket Australian M&A Awards (2021) - Technology, Media and Telecom M&A Legal Adviser of the Year and Private Equity Legal Adviser of the Year.

Corporate social responsibility
Gilbert + Tobin is a foundation signatory to the National Pro Bono Aspirational Target.

In 2000, Danny Gilbert agreed to support a centre for public law at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, and in 2001 the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law was founded. It functions as a research centre specialising in constitutional and administrative law, Indigenous legal issues, and human rights.

G + T dedicates significant resources to its Indigenous Legal Cadetship Program, employing Indigenous law students on a part-time basis for the duration of their degrees in Sydney, Melbourne and Perth. The program aims to increase the number of Indigenous people entering the legal profession.

In 2017, G + T backed campaigns for marriage equality in the Australian Same-Sex Marriage Postal Survey. They provided pro-bono legal advice to a major campaign group and supported staff in canvassing voters.

Staff conditions
Over 2018 and 2019, the New South Wales workplace regulator, SafeWork NSW, investigated Gilbert + Tobin on two separate occasions, following complaints of workplace fatigue and excessive work hours. The first inquiry was in response to allegations from a senior lawyer that the firm's junior lawyers regularly slept in offices and needed stimulant supplements to keep abreast of work demands. The firm had its HR department launch an internal investigation. Managing partner Danny Gilbert characterised the complaint as "vicious" and as containing "untruths". Gilbert said he was aware of the onerous demands placed on staff, but the nature of the business environment meant high workloads were unavoidable. He emphasised in an email to staff that, nevertheless, workloads should not compromise health and safety, and the firm was always ready to do better and find ways to relieve staff pressure.

After SafeWork met with management in January 2019, the regulator indicated it was satisfied, saying Gilbert + Tobin "had the organisational capacity and responsiveness to assess and address risks and issues as they arise", and declined to take further action. A separate complaint arose in November 2019 with SafeWork undertaking a workplace inspection at G + T’s Sydney offices, where they interviewed fourteen staff members. SafeWork were to provide a full report on the firms's workplace policies following their inquiry.

Some partners of other law firms were reportedly critical of what, in their view, appeared to be the minimisation and justification of adverse work conditions for, especially, young lawyers. There have been reports of similarly excessive hours and high pressure for staff across leading law firms in Australia, and at least one other case of regulator intervention.

References

External links
Official website

Law firms of Australia