Estadio Alfredo Beranger is a football stadium in Turdera, Buenos Aires, Argentina.  It is the home ground of Club Atlético Temperley, who drew an average home league attendance of 11,000 in the 2016–17 season. The stadium holds 24,000 people and opened on 13 April 1924. It is named after Alfredo Martín Beranger, who was the president of the club in the 1920s.

References

External links

 Estadio Alfredo Beranger

Alfredo Beranger
Sports venues in Buenos Aires Province


Anureet Singh (born 2 March 1988) is an Indian cricketer. He is married to Aanchal Kathuria. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler who plays for Sikkim. He represented the Railways till the 2018-19 season and Baroda in the 2019-20 season.

Singh made his cricketing debut in 2007, playing for Railways Under-22s in the CK Nayudu Trophy, scoring a duck in his debut innings. He played six innings in total in the competition. He returned to the Under-22s team the following year, slotting into a tail end position in the lineup, and thriving, scoring 34 in his first game, and 30 not out in his second.

Singh made his first-class debut in November 2008 against Karnataka, batting as a number eleven and catching centurion Robin Uthappa in the first innings in which he fielded.

He was picked up by Kings XI Punjab in the 2014 Indian Premier League auctions.

In October 2017, he took his fifteenth five-wicket haul in first-class cricket, bowling for Railways against Assam in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy. He was the leading wicket-taker for Railways in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy, with 20 dismissals in five matches.

In January 2018, he was bought by the Rajasthan Royals (#44) in the 2018 IPL auction.

References

External links
 Anureet Singh at Cricinfo
 Anureet Singh's profile page on Wisden
 Anureet Singh at Cricket Archive

1988 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Railways cricketers
Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers
Punjab Kings cricketers
Rajasthan Royals cricketers
India Red cricketers


Mille Dinesen (born 17 March 1974) is a Danish actress best known for starring in the film Nynne (2005), as well as the title role in the television series Rita (2012–2020).

Mille Dinesen completed her acting education at the State Theatre School in 2004.

Filmography

Self
Gintbergs store aften - hver aften .... Herself - Actress (1 episode, 2005)
... aka Gintbergs store aften (Denmark: second season title)
Episode #2.31 (2005) TV episode .... Herself - Actress
Go' aften Danmark .... Herself - Actress (1 episode, 2005)
Episode dated 27 October 2005 (2005) TV episode .... Herself - Actress

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
21st-century Danish actresses
Danish film actresses
Danish television actresses


Lee Robert Reno Artoe (March 2, 1917April 1, 2005) was a professional American football player in the National Football League (NFL) and All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for 7 seasons. A tackle, Artoe played for the NFL's Chicago Bears (1940–1942, 1945). In the AAFC, he played for the Los Angeles Dons (1946–1947) and Baltimore Colts (1948).

Artoe played college football at University of Santa Clara, with the
Santa Clara Broncos, and in 1940 was picked in the 11th round by Chicago.
He returned a fumble in the 1942 NFL Championship Game 52 yards for the first score of the game.

Artoe served in the U.S. Navy as a member of the Underwater Demolition Team.

References

1917 births
2005 deaths
Players of American football from Tacoma, Washington
American football tackles
American football placekickers
Santa Clara Broncos football players
California Golden Bears football players
Chicago Bears players
Los Angeles Dons players
Baltimore Colts (1947–1950) players
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Lincoln High School (Tacoma, Washington) alumni


Christopher Gordon Miles (born 21 August 1947) is an Australian former politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1984 to 1998, representing the Tasmanian seat of Braddon. He served as parliamentary secretary to Prime Minister John Howard and was a prominent social conservative within the Liberal Party, chairing the conservative Lyons Forum ginger group. Prior to entering politics he worked as a schoolteacher.

Early life
Miles was born on 21 August 1947 in Ulverstone, Tasmania. He grew up on the family potato farm. Miles holds the degrees of Bachelor of Education from the University of South Africa and Bachelor of Science from the University of Tasmania, as well as a diploma in teaching from the latter. He taught at government schools in Tasmania, New South Wales and the ACT, including at Canberra High School for eight years. He returned to Tasmania to help establish a parent-run Christian school near Ulverstone.

Politics
While teaching in Canberra, Miles served as secretary of the Liberal Party of Australia (A.C.T. Division) in 1976. After returning to his home state he served on the Tasmanian division's state executive and as president of the Ulverstone branch.

Parliament
Miles was elected to parliament at the 1984 federal election, retaining the seat of Braddon for the Liberal Party following the retirement of Ray Groom. He was re-elected on four occasions before being defeated by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) candidate Sid Sidebottom at the 1998 election.

In October 1987, after an unsuccessful leadership spill against John Howard, Miles was elevated to the shadow ministry as Shadow Minister for Aboriginal Affairs. He subsequently joined the council of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. He lost his place in shadow ministry following a successful spill against Howard by Andrew Peacock.

In May 1994, Miles returned to the shadow ministry under the new opposition leader Alexander Downer, holding the portfolio of Shadow Minister for Schools, Vocational Education and Training. He resigned his position in October 1994 in protest at the opposition's decision to support the government's Human Rights (Sexual Conduct) Bill 1994, which repealed Tasmania's sodomy laws. After the Coalition won the 1996 election, Miles was appointed parliamentary secretary to John Howard as prime minister. He held the position until losing his seat in 1998.

Political positions
Miles was a leading social conservative within the Liberal Party. In 1992 he was one of a group of Coalition members of parliament who founded the Lyons Forum, a conservative ginger group. He was subsequently elected as the forum's chairman.

In the early 1990s Miles was a leader of the campaign against repealing Tasmania's anti-sodomy laws, organising "Say No To Sodomy" rallies in the state's North West. The Canberra Times wrote in 1994 that he was "avowedly against the practice of anal sex (male or female)". He was also quoted as supporting the teaching of creationism alongside evolution.

Later activities
In 1999, Miles was appointed by the Howard government to a five-year term on the Foreign Investment Review Board, at which point he was the director of corporate development at Pacific Hills Education. He was re-appointed to another five-year term in 2004. At the time of the announcement he was managing director of Gaunts Holdings Australia.

In 2016, during public debate over the legalisation of same-sex marriage, it was reported that Miles planned to distribute "millions of copies of a pamphlet claiming children of same-sex couples may be more likely to be victims of sexual abuse, abuse drugs or suffer depression".

Personal life
Miles had two children with his wife Roslyn. His property Gaunts Farm at Nietta contains a hydroelectric system fed by a creek via a dam and pipeline, which "on average generates about 620kW an hour".

References

Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Braddon
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
1947 births
Living people
20th-century Australian politicians
Australian schoolteachers
University of Tasmania alumni
University of South Africa alumni
People from Ulverstone, Tasmania


Margaric acid, or heptadecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid. Its molecular formula is . Classified as an odd-chain fatty acid, it occurs as a trace component of the fat and milkfat of ruminants. Salts and esters of margaric acid are called heptadecanoates.

Its name is derived from the Ancient Greek μάργαρος (márgar(on)), meaning "pearl(y)", due to its appearance.

Semiochemistry
For many species, margaric acid plays a role as a semiochemical - specifically it possesses pheromonic and allomonic properties. Margaric acid has been identified in the subcaudal gland secretions of the European badger (Meles meles) and in the occipital gland secretions of male Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) where it is one of the many pheromonic chemicals responsible for aiding in the finding and selection of mates.

Margaric acid is an attractant of the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) and the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) but is a repellent of the common house mosquito (Culex pipiens).

Margaric acid is also found in the precloacal gland secretions of many reptiles belonging to the order squamata, including the common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and the European viper (Vipera berus), where it is used for the identification of sexual partners.

Unsaturated forms
Unsaturated derivatives of margaric acid are found in nature, although rarely.  Unsaturation occurs at position 9 or both at 9 and 12 positions of the fatty chain giving heptadecenoic (C17:1) and heptadecadienoic (C17:2) acids, respectively. C17:1 cis-9 (ω-8) is found at trace amounts in ruminant fats and some varieties of olive oils. Minor amounts (< 1%) of C17:1 cis-10 and C17:2 cis-8,11 were detected in seed oil of Portia tree (Thespesia populnea).

Rarity in vegetable and animal fats
Margaric acid is rare in animals and vegetables. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, however, the acid was often identified as a significant component of natural fats. Most likely, these were cases of misidentifying a eutectic mixture of  palmitic and stearic acids.

See also
 List of saturated fatty acids
 List of carboxylic acids
 Pentadecylic acid

References

External links

Fatty acids
Alkanoic acids
Semiochemicals


Marko Attila Hoare (born 1972) is a British historian of the former Yugoslavia who also writes about current affairs, especially Southeast Europe, including Turkey and the Caucasus. Marko is Associate Professor of History at the University Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, in Sarajevo.

Biography
Hoare is the son of the British translator Quintin Hoare and the Croatian journalist and historian Branka Magaš.

Hoare has been studying the history of the former Yugoslavia since 1993. In the summer of 1995, he acted as translator for the humanitarian aid convoy to the Bosnian town of Tuzla, organised by Workers' Aid for Bosnia, a movement of solidarity in support of the Bosnian people. His degrees in History are a BA (1994; later converted to an MA) from the University of Cambridge and a MPhil (1997) and PhD from Yale University (2000).

Between 1997 and 1998 Marko lived and worked in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina, and from 1998 to 2001, he lived and worked in Belgrade, Serbia. He was resident in Serbia during the Kosovo War of 1999. He later worked at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, where he participated in the drafting of the indictment against Slobodan Milošević. Hoare was a research assistant at the Bosnian Institute in London (founded by his father Quintin), a British Academy Postdoctoral Research Fellow, a research fellow of the History Faculty of the University of Cambridge, and a Reader at Kingston University in London. He has been an associate professor at the Sarajevo School of Science and Technology since 2017.

He was European Neighbourhood Section Director for the Henry Jackson Society (HJS). In 2012, he resigned from the HJS, saying it had become "an abrasively right-wing forum with an anti-Muslim tinge", and over significant differences with associate director Douglas Murray.

Hoare was also an advisory editor of Democratiya, and he is a member of the editorial board of Spirit of Bosnia, an international, interdisciplinary, bilingual, online journal. His blog, "Greater Surbiton", publishes his commentary and analysis, particularly on South East Europe. He is a signatory of the Euston Manifesto, and was formerly connected with the British website Harry's Place. He has written for Left Foot Forward website, Prospect and Standpoint magazines, and The Guardian newspaper.

Hoare was a childhood friend of Ed Miliband, leader of the Labour Party UK. In 2010, he appeared in Channel 4's TV docu-drama Miliband of Brothers, where he commented on his memories of Miliband and his brother David Miliband. In criticising the position of the Conservative London Mayor Boris Johnson, Hoare has argued in favour of arming the opponents of Bashar al-Assad in Syria.

ICTY engagements
Marko went to serve as a research officer and war crimes investigator at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. He was also expert witness for the court there. He participated in drafting of the indictment against Slobodan Milošević.

Books
The particular focus of Hoare's writing has been on the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina:
How Bosnia Armed: The Birth and Rise of the Bosnian Army (London: Saqi, 2004) – examines the history of the Bosnian Army and Bosnian internal politics in the 1990s.
Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks, 1941–1943 (London: Oxford University Press, 2006) – looks at the conflict between the Yugoslav Partisans and Chetniks in Bosnia during World War II.
The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day (London: Saqi, 2007) - book focuses in particular on the history of national identity in Bosnia.
The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War: A History (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2013) – looks at the role of the Bosnian Muslims in World War II.

Awards
Hoare is the recipient of the 2010 Congress of North American Bosniaks (CNAB) award for outstanding contributions to the advancement of history. The award is recognition for his lifelong dedication to presenting the historical truth and standing up against genocide denial.

See also

 Srđa Pavlović

References

Further reading

 Edina Becirevic and Marko Attila Hoare, Bosnian Muslims in World War II, Bosnian Institute, 11 February 2014

External links
 Hoare's CV at the SSST faculty webpage (direct-download link)
 Hoare's Kingston University faculty webpage
 Greater Surbiton (Hoare's blog)
 The Normblog Profile 258: Marko Attila Hoare
 Henry Jackson Society Archive: Marko Attila Hoare

1972 births
Living people
Academics of Kingston University
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of Robinson College, Cambridge
British male bloggers
British historians
British male journalists
British officials of the United Nations
British people of Croatian descent
Historians of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Historians of the Balkans
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia officials
Yale University alumni
Academic staff of the Sarajevo School of Science and Technology


Erastus Wentworth (; Pinyin: Wànwéi; Foochow Romanized: Uâng-ùi; August 5, 1813 – May 26, 1886) was an educator, a Methodist Episcopal minister, and a missionary to Fuzhou, China.

Life
Dr. Wentworth was born in Stonington, Connecticut. He converted to Methodism in 1831. Later he studied at the Cazenovia Seminary and earned a bachelor's degree at Wesleyan University in 1837.

Wentworth began teaching after leaving college. From 1838 to 1846, he taught natural science in the Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary; from 1841 to 1846, in the Troy Conference Academy; and in 1846, he became president of the McKendree College, remaining there until 1850, when he took the chair of natural philosophy and chemistry in Dickinson College. In 1850, he received the degree of D.D. from Allegheny College.

In 1854, Dr. Wentworth left his position to spearhead a Methodist Mission to Fuzhou, China, along with some students who were just graduating from Dickinson, including Otis T. Gibson. In 1862, his wife's poor health forced him to return to the United States, where he then worked as a pastor to the Troy Conference Academy.

Wentworth edited the Ladies' Repository from 1872–76, after which he semi-retired, writing and serving on committees for the Methodist Church. On May 26, 1886, he died at his home in  Sandy Hill, New York, aged 73.

Family
The son of Erastus and Esther (States) Wentworth, and seventh generation descendant of William Wentworth (elder), Erastus married three times, was widowed twice, and had twelve children, one in China.

References

American Methodist missionaries
Methodist missionaries in China
Christian missionaries in Fujian
Cazenovia College alumni
Methodist writers
Wesleyan University alumni
Allegheny College alumni
1813 births
1886 deaths
American expatriates in China


Baseball was one of the many sports which was held at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand beginning on 7 December 1998.

Schedule

Medalists

Results

Preliminary round

Level A

Level B

Final round

Semifinals

Bronze medal game

Final

Final standing

References
Results

1998 Asian Games events
1998
Asian Games
Baseball competitions in Thailand
International baseball competitions in Asia
International sports competitions hosted by Thailand


Free Play: Improvisation in Life and Art is a book written by Stephen Nachmanovitch and originally published in 1990 by Jeremy Tarcher of the Penguin Group.

Free Play can be described as the creative activity of spontaneous free improvisation, by children, artists, and people all around the world.

According to Stephen Nachmanovitch, free play is more than improvisation. It runs deeper than our activities involving music and art. It is the essence of our being, something we were born with then strive to recapture.

This book reflects the experience of an improvisational violinist as a doorway into understanding the acts of creation in which every human being engages in his or her daily life. Improvisation and creativity are not the property of a few professional artists or scientists but the essence of all our natural, spontaneous interactions. Every conversation is unrehearsed and reflects the activity of improvising as a basic life function.

From the opening of the first chapter: "There is an old Sanskrit word, Lila (Leela), which means play. Richer than our word, it means divine play, the play of creation and destruction and re-creation, the folding and unfolding of the cosmos. Lila, free and deep, is both delight and enjoyment of this moment, and the play of God.  It also means love.
Lila may be the simplest thing there is—spontaneous, childish, disarming. But as we grow and experience the complexities of life, it may also be the most difficult and hard won achievement imaginable, and it's coming to fruition is a kind of homecoming to our true selves."

Other editions
 Published by Penguin/Tarcher in the original English edition (1990)
 by Planeta in Spanish as "Free Play - La improvisación en la vida y en el arte" (1993)
 by Summus Editorial in Portuguese as "Ser Criativo: O poder da improvisação na vide e na arte" (1994)
 by Bo Ejeby Forlag in Swedish as "Spela Fritt - Improvisation i liv och kunst" (2002)
 by Paidos in Spanish as "Free Play - La improvisación en la vida y en el arte" (2004)
 by O.W. Barth / Fischer Verlag in German as "Das Tao der Kreativitat" (2008)
 by Droemer Knaur (2nd German edition) as "Free Play. Kreativität geschehen lassen" (2013)
 by Ecos Library in Korean as "Play" (2008)
 by Feltrinelli in Italian as "Il gioco libero della vita – Trovare la voce del cuore con l’improvvisazione" (2013)
 by Aiora in Greece as "Δημιουργικότητα στη ζωή και στην τέχνη – Η δύναμη του Αυτοσχεδιασμού" (2013)
 by Film Art Sha in Japanese as "Free Play" (2014)
 by Dark Eyes in Taiwan as "Free Play." (2023)
 by Bulkwang Publishing in Korea (2nd Korean edition) (2023)

 A new edition of Free Play in 2024, with a foreword by Ruth Ozeki and an afterword by Stephen Nachmanovitch, published in the U.K. by Canongate Books, and in the U.S. by Tarcher-Penguin.

References

Music books
Popular psychology books
Improvisation


Joy Air () is a Chinese airline launched jointly by China Eastern Airlines and AVIC I on 29 March 2008  based at Xi'an. The airline started testing service in June 2009, and commenced passenger service at the end of 2009. On December 14, 2020, Happy Airlines Co., Ltd.'s application to change the main operating base airport has been reviewed by the Civil Aviation Administration of North China and Northwest China. The current base airport will be Tianjin Binhai International Airport, and it will be changed to Xi'an Xianyang International Airport.

History
The airline began flying on 1 June 2009 with a fleet of 3 MA-60 turboprops. This airline focuses on the northwestern part of China. The airline was testing its aircraft until the end of 2009 when it commenced passenger service with 4 MA-60 turboprops. The company is mainly owned by China Eastern Airlines, with the remaining owned by AVIC Group. China Eastern is planning to sell most of its shares in order to generate money for the company. Joy Air is expected to own 50 ACAC ARJ 21 and 50 MA-60 in 8 years.

Joy Air and Okay Airways were announced as launch customers for the Xian MA700 aircraft and are to be involved with the development of the aircraft, which is due to make its maiden flight in 2017.

Fleet

, Joy Air fleet consists of the following aircraft:

Incidents and accidents
On 4 February 2014 Joy Air flight JR1533 from Taiyuan, China, carrying 7 crew members and 37 passengers, had a mechanical failure on the landing gear while landing at Zhengzhou. This caused landing gear to break and the aircraft's nose cone to hit the tarmac. There were no injuries.

On 10 May 2015, Joy Air flight JR1529 from Yiwu to Fuzhou with 45 passengers and 7 crew landed on Fuzhou runway 3 at about 11:57 but veered off the runway and came to a stop off the runway edge about 500 metres past the runway threshold and about 50 metres off the runway centerline with all gear on soft ground. The engines struck the ground causing the wings to be nearly torn off, and resulted in substantial damage to the fuselage and structure. 7 occupants were injured.

References

External links

Airlines of China
Airlines established in 2008
Companies based in Xi'an
Chinese brands
Chinese companies established in 2008


Major-General Sir Henry Edward Colvile,  (10 July 1852 – 25 November 1907) was an English soldier.

Biography
Colvile was born at Kirkby Hall, Leicestershire, the son of Charles Robert Colvile and Hon. Katherine Sarah Georgina Russell.

Colvile was educated at Eton, and entered the Grenadier Guards in 1870. He was appointed A.D.C. to General the Hon. Sir Leicester Smyth, commanding the forces in South Africa, in 1880. He served on the Intelligence Department of the Suakin Expedition of 1884, was present at the Battles of El Teb and the Battle of Tamai, mentioned in despatches, and received the bronze star, medal, and clasp. He was employed on special service in the Sudan prior to the Nile Expedition of 1884–85, and during that Expedition served as D.A.A.G. ; was mentioned in despatches ; received the clasp, and was created C.B. At the close of the Expedition he was Chief of the Intelligence Department of the Frontier Force ; was present at the Battle of Ginnis; was mentioned in despatches, and was promoted to the rank of colonel. He was then attached to the Intelligence Department at headquarters, and wrote the official history of the Sudan Campaign.

Colvile was the author of a plan, dated 1892, for a military expedition to Abeokuta. However, a settlement was reached between the British and the Egba state without the use of military force. The plan is now held at Derbyshire Record Office among the Colvile family archives (collection D461).

In 1893 he succeeded the late Sir Gerald Portal as Commissioner (Acting) for Uganda, commanded the Unyoro Expedition, which resulted in the inclusion of that country into the Protectorate ; received the Central Africa Medal, was created Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG), and received the second-class Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar. He was selected for promotion to the rank of major-general, 12 April 1898.

Later, he became commander of the Infantry Brigade at Gibraltar in early 1899.

He served in the Second Boer War in South Africa 1899–1900. During the early part of the war he commanded the Guards Brigade, including during the Battle of Modder River in November 1899. He took part in the Battle of Magersfontein on 10–11 December 1899, in which the defending Boer force defeated the advancing British forces amongst heavy casualties for the latter. Colvile was mentioned in the despatch from Lord Methuen describing the battle. The following year he was on 10 February 1900 appointed in command of the 9th Division, with the local rank of lieutenant-general whilst so employed. However, in May 1900, while Lord Roberts was closing in on Johannesburg, a Yeomanry battalion under Colvile's command was cut off and forced to surrender, Colvile was made a scapegoat and sent home. He retired 1901.

Family
Colvile married, firstly, Alice Rosa Daly, daughter of Hon. Robert Daly and Hon. Cecilia Maria A'Court, on 6 August 1878. He married, secondly, on 30 December 1886, Zélie Isabelle Richaud de Préville daughter of Pierre Richaud de Préville and Georgiana Anne Mowbray (1828–1896). Their son, Gilbert de Préville Colvile (1887–1966) who lived in Kenya married Diana Caldwell (1913-1987), later the third wife of Thomas Cholmondeley, 4th Baron Delamere.

Colvile died after his motorcycle collided with Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson's car at Bisley.

Notes

Works
 A ride in petticoats and slippers: an account of a journey through Morocco (Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, London, 1884)
 The accursed land, or, first steps on the water-way of Edom (Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, London, 1884)
 History of the Sudan campaign (HMSO, London, 1889)
 The land of the Nile springs; being chiefly an account of how we fought Kabarega (Edward Arnold, London, 1895)
 The nick of time: a musical romance in 3 acts (Lamley & Co, London, 1896)
 The work of the 9th Division in South Africa, 1900 (Edward Arnold, London, 1901)
 The ALLIES, ie England and Japan (Hutchinson & Co, London, 1907)
 Henry Charles Shelley, Colvile's Case (W Tarrant, London, 1901)
 The scapegoat: being a selection from a series of articles which have appeared in the review of the week on the case of Sir Henry Colvile (London, 1901)

References
 Rayne Kruger, Goodbye Dolly Gray: The Story of the Boer War, London: Cassell, 1959/Pan 1974, .

1852 births
1907 deaths
Military personnel from Leicestershire
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
People from Hinckley and Bosworth (district)
People educated at Eton College
Grenadier Guards officers
British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
British Army major generals
Henry Edward
Road incident deaths in England
Motorcycle road incident deaths


James Thomas Gillette, Jr. (December 19, 1917January 9, 1990) was a professional American football halfback in the National Football League (NFL). Born in Courtland, Virginia, he played for six seasons with the Cleveland Rams (1940, 1944–1945), the Boston Yanks (1946), the Green Bay Packers (1947), and the Detroit Lions (1948).

He was originally drafted by the Green Bay Packers in 1940 but signed with the Cleveland Rams for six seasons before going back to Green Bay in 1946.

In 1983, Gillette was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.

Gillette's son, Walker Gillette, also played in the NFL.

References

1917 births
1990 deaths
People from Courtland, Virginia
Players of American football from Virginia
American football halfbacks
Virginia Cavaliers football players
Cleveland Rams players
Boston Yanks players
Green Bay Packers players
Detroit Lions players


Roberta Seelinger Trites (born 1962) is a Distinguished Professor of English Literature at Illinois State University, specializing in children's literature.

Trites graduated from Texas A&M University in 1983, and earned a master's degree from the University of Texas at Dallas in 1985.  She received her Ph.D. in 1991 from Baylor University with a dissertation entitled Twain's innocence, Clemens' experience : narrative inconsistencies in The Innocents Abroad under the direction of James R. LeMaster. She joined the Illinois State faculty as an assistant professor in 1991,
and became Distinguished Professor in 2013.

She has written the following books:
 Waking Sleeping Beauty: Feminist Voices in Children's Novels (University of Iowa Press, 1997).
 Disturbing the Universe: Power and Repression in Adolescent Literature (University of Iowa Press, 1998). This book was awarded the Children's Literature Association book award in 2002.
 Twain, Alcott and the Birth of the Adolescent Reform Novel (University of Iowa Press, 2007).
 A Narrative Compass: Stories that Guide Women’s Lives (edited with Betsy Hearne, University of Iowa Press, 2009).
 Literary Conceptualizations of Growth: Metaphors and Cognition in Adolescent Literature (John Benjamins Publishing Co., 2014).

Trites is the winner of the 16th International Brothers Grimm Award of the International Institute for Children's Literature in Osaka, Japan, becoming the third American and the first American woman to win the award.

References

External links
Home page

Living people
Texas A&M University alumni
University of Texas at Dallas alumni
Baylor University alumni
Illinois State University faculty
1962 births
Presidents of the Children's Literature Association


Marie-Guillaume Charles Le Roux (1814–1895) was a landscape painter of the Barbizon school. He was born and died in Nantes, and is noted for his paintings of the Loire and its surroundings.

He was a pupil of Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot and a friend of Théodore Rousseau and Gustave Dore. Having inherited a fortune, he did not have to sell his works.

Museums holding works by Le Roux include the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes. His painting Edge of the Woods; Cherry Trees in Autumn, which was painted in the last year (1895) of the artist's life, was exhibited in the Exposition Universelle of 1900, and is in the collection of the Musée d’Orsay.

References

External links
Website dedicated to Charles Le Roux's life and paintings

1814 births
1895 deaths
People from Nantes
Bonapartists
Members of the 2nd Corps législatif of the Second French Empire
Members of the 3rd Corps législatif of the Second French Empire
Members of the 4th Corps législatif of the Second French Empire
Members of Parliament for Deux-Sèvres
Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Mayors of places in Pays de la Loire
Artists from Pays de la Loire
French male painters
19th-century French painters
19th-century French male artists
Officers of the Legion of Honour


Richard Otto Maack (also Richard Karlovic Maak, Russian: Ричард Карлович Маак; 4 September 1825 – 25 November 1886) was a 19th-century Russian naturalist, geographer, and anthropologist. He is most known for his exploration of the Russian Far East and Siberia, particularly the Ussuri and Amur River valleys.  He wrote some of the first scientific descriptions of the natural history of remote Siberia and collected many biological specimens, many of which were original type specimens of previously unknown species.

Ethnically Maack was a Baltic German from Estonia; however, the Russian Empire controlled this country during his lifetime. He was a member of the Siberian branch of the Russian Geographical Society.

Biography

Maack was born in Kuressaare, Estonia and studied natural sciences at the University of St. Petersburg. In 1852 he became a professor of natural sciences at the Gymnasium in Irkutsk and later director of the school. From 1868 to 1879, he was the superintendent of all schools of northern Siberia.

During the 1850s he undertook a number of expeditions in Siberia including those to the Amur River valley (1855–1856) and the Ussuri River (1859). He also participated in the Russian Geographical Society's first expedition (1853–55) to describe the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona River basins.

He is credited with discovering Syringa reticulata var. amurensis simultaneously and independently of Carl Maximowicz.

Plants named after him
Maack is most famous for collecting previously unknown species and sending specimens back for scientific descriptions and naming. A number of those he found on his Amur River expedition bear his name.

Maackia amurensis — Amur maackia
Lonicera maackii — Amur Honeysuckle
Prunus maackii — Amur choke cherry
Iris maackii — water tolerant Iris
Aster maackii

Animals named after him
Pelodiscus maackii (Brandt, 1857) — Amur softshell turtle

Plants named by him

Nymphaea tetragona var. wenzelii (Maack) F.Henkel et al.
Pleopeltis ussuriensis Regel & Maack
Rubia chinensis Regel & Maack

Selected publications
Puteshestvie na Amur/Путешествие на Амур (Travels on the Amur). 1859. St. Petersburg.
Puteshestvie v dolinu reki Ussuri/Путешествие в долину реки Уссури (Journey through the Ussuri river valley). 1861. St. Petersburg.
Вилюйский округ Якутской области (Vilyuysky District of Yakut oblast) (1877–86)
Очерк флоры Уссурийской страны (Essay about flora of Ussuri land). 1862.
Енисейская губерния (Yenisei province) in the "List of settlements Russian Empire".

References

1825 births
1861 deaths
People from Kuressaare
People from Kreis Ösel
Baltic-German people
19th-century Estonian botanists
Estonian explorers
Russian naturalists
19th-century botanists from the Russian Empire
Explorers from the Russian Empire
Russian scientists


TD Arena is a 5,100 seat multi-purpose arena in Charleston, South Carolina, United States that opened in 2008 and replaced John Kresse Arena as the home of the College of Charleston Cougars basketball and volleyball teams.  The South Financial Group of Greenville purchased the naming rights to the new facility and it opened in 2008 under the Carolina First Arena name.  After the 2010 sale of the corporation to Toronto Dominion Bank, the arena's name changed to TD Arena.  The playing surface is named John Kresse Court in honor of legendary Charleston men's basketball coach John Kresse.

Originally to be named Carolina First Center, the facility was renamed Carolina First Arena to avoid confusion with the bank's south coast main offices in Charleston which are located in an office building by the same name.

The first game played at the arena on November 14, 2008 was a first round game of the inaugural ESPN Charleston Classic between Texas Christian University and Western Michigan University won by TCU 67-63.

Perhaps the biggest game in arena history was an 82-79 Charleston victory in overtime over then-No. 9 ranked and defending national champion North Carolina on January 4, 2010.

The arena not only plays host to Cougars' basketball games, but it also hosts many other campus events, including orientations, Graduation, award ceremonies, and external events (including Battle of the Bricks & Spoleto Festival). The TD Arena is overseen by Richard Bouknight, Director of Operations and by Nate Place, Assistant Director of Operations.

See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
TD Garden (Boston, Massachusetts)
TD Bank Ballpark (Bridgewater, New Jersey)
TD Ameritrade Park Omaha (Nebraska)
TD Bank Sports Center (Hamden, Connecticut)

References

External links
TD Arena

Charleston Cougars basketball
College basketball venues in the United States
Basketball venues in South Carolina
Sports venues in Charleston, South Carolina
2008 establishments in South Carolina
Sports venues completed in 2008
College volleyball venues in the United States


Frank Edward Liebel (November 19, 1919December 26, 1996) was a professional American football end/defensive back in the National Football League. He is also a member of the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame.

Early life and education
Frank was born on November 19, 1919 in Erie, Pennsylvania to Frank J. Liebel (1896-1957) and Clara Rafferty (1900-1967). His grandfather, Edward Constantine Liebel (1875-1969) was born in Leimersheim, Germany, and was the nephew of Reinhard Liebel (1841-1905), himself the uncle of Michael Liebel, Jr. (1870–1927) (Mayor of Erie, Pennsylvania, from 1906-1911, and a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, from 1915-1917), all of Erie, Pennsylvania. Together Frank and Clara had four children:
William Liebel (1915-1972)
Frank Edward Liebel (1919-1996)
Robert Martin Liebel (1922-1999)
Betty Liebel (1924-2001)

He attended Erie Academy for high school and Norwich University for college, graduating in 1943.

Career
Liebel his NFL career began with the New York Giants, signing with them as a free agent in 1942, a year before he graduated from Norwich.

He played seven seasons for the New York Giants (1942–1947) and the Chicago Bears (1948).  He led the league in 1945 in yard per reception (27.0) and receiving touchdowns (10) for his 22 receptions.  He also was Named to the All-NFL 2nd Team in both 1945 and 1946.

During the 1944 NFL Championship Game, Liebel was on the Giants’ sideline when they lost to Green Bay, and again in 1948, this time with the Chicago Cardinals, for the 1948 NFL Championship Game with the Cardinals when they fell to Philadelphia in the final.

Liebel also was a reserve for the 1948 Chicago Cardinals, but didn’t record any statistics for them. His final career NFL numbers were 84 receptions for 1,753 yards and 23 TDs on offense, plus seven interceptions and three fumble recoveries on defense.

1946 NFL Championship Game
The day before the 1946 NFL Championship Game between the New York Giants and the Chicago Bears, two players for the Giants, Frank Filchock and Merle Hapes, had been accused of taking bribes to fix the game from Alvin Paris. New York City Mayor William O'Dwyer had Jack Mara, Wellington Mara and Bert Bell informed of the police evidence against the two.

Within hours, the four then met at Gracie Mansion and the mayor interviewed the players one at a time. Under questioning, Hapes admitted that he was offered a bribe and Filchock denied being offered it. Several hours later, Paris was arrested and confessed to bribing the players. Hapes was suspended by Bell, but Filchock was allowed to play.

During the game, Liebel caught a 38-yard scoring pass from quarterback Frank Filchock, which New York eventually lost 24-14 to the Chicago Bears.  During Paris' trial weeks later, Filchock admitting taking the bribe under oath.

Honors
Liebel was inducted into the Norwich University Sports Hall of Fame Class of 2008, and the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame.

Post-football career
After retiring from the National Football League, he worked for 29 years with Erie County’s probation and parole department.

Personal life
In 1946, Frank married Arline M. Gorenflo (1923-2011), who was born in Cleveland, Ohio and was the daughter of the Bert and Esther Johnson Gorenflo.  Together Frank and Arline had three children:
Gary Liebel
Gayle Liebel
Tina Liebel

They are buried together at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Millcreek Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania.

References

External links

1919 births
1996 deaths
Players of American football from Erie, Pennsylvania
American football wide receivers
American football defensive backs
Norwich Cadets football players
New York Giants players
Chicago Bears players
Liebel family


Aspects of philosopher, mathematician and social activist Bertrand Russell's views on society changed over nearly 80 years of prolific writing, beginning with his early work in 1896, until his death in February 1970.

Activism
Political and social activism occupied much of Russell's time for most of his long life, which makes his prodigious and seminal writing on a wide range of technical and non-technical subjects all the more remarkable.

Russell remained politically active to the end of his life, writing to and exhorting world leaders and lending his name to various causes. Some maintain that during his last few years he gave his youthful followers too much license and that they used his name for some outlandish purposes of which a more attentive Russell would not have approved. There is evidence to show that he became aware of this when he fired his private secretary, Ralph Schoenman, then a young firebrand of the radical left.

Pacifism, war, and nuclear weapons
Russell was originally a Liberal Imperialist but in 1901 converted to anti-imperialism, pacifism and a Pro-Boer standpoint with regards to the Second Boer War.

He resisted specific wars on the grounds that they were contrary to the interests of civilisation, and thus immoral. On the other hand, his 1915 article on "The Ethics of War", he defended wars of colonisation on the same utilitarian grounds: he felt conquest was justified if the side with the more advanced civilisation could put the land to better use.

Russell's activism against British participation in World War I led to fines, a loss of freedom of travel within Britain, and the non-renewal of his fellowship at Trinity College, Cambridge, and he was eventually sentenced to prison in 1918 on the tenuous grounds that he had interfered in British foreign policy – he had argued that British workers should be wary of the United States Army, for it had experience in strike-breaking. He was released after serving six months, but was still closely supervised until the end of the war. Russell contended that "the abolition of private ownership of land and capital is a necessary step toward any world in which the nations are to live at peace with one another".

In 1943 Russell called his stance towards warfare "relative political pacifism" – he held that war was always a great evil, but in some particularly extreme circumstances (such as when Adolf Hitler threatened to take over Europe) it might be a lesser of multiple evils. In the years leading to World War II, he supported the policy of appeasement; but by 1940 he acknowledged that to preserve democracy, Hitler had to be defeated. This same reluctant value compromise was shared by his acquaintance A.A. Milne.

Russell consistently opposed the continued existence of nuclear weapons ever since their first use. However, on 20 November 1948, in a public speech at Westminster School, addressing a gathering arranged by the New Commonwealth, Russell shocked some observers with comments that seemed to suggest a preemptive nuclear strike on the Soviet Union might be justified. Russell apparently argued that the threat of war between the United States and the Soviet Union would enable the United States to force the Soviet Union to accept the Baruch Plan for international atomic energy control. (Earlier in the year he had written in the same vein to Walter W. Marseille.) Russell felt this plan "had very great merits and showed considerable generosity, when it is remembered that America still had an unbroken nuclear monopoly." (Has Man a Future?, 1961).

Nicholas Griffin of McMaster University, in his book The Selected Letters of Bertrand Russell: The Public Years, 1914–1970, interpreted Russell's wording as advocating not the actual use of the atom bomb, but merely its diplomatic use as a massive source of leverage over the actions of the Soviets.

Griffin's interpretation was disputed by Nigel Lawson; the former British Chancellor, who was present at the speech. Lawson claims it was quite clear that Russell was advocating an actual first strike, a view that is consistent with that reported by Hermann Bondi in Bondi's autobiography (Science, Churchill and Me, 1990, p60) recounting Russell's views from the time when Russell and Bondi were fellows of Trinity College in Cambridge. Whichever interpretation is correct, Russell later relented, instead arguing for mutual disarmament by the nuclear powers, possibly linked to some form of world government.

In 1955, Russell released the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, co-signed by Albert Einstein and nine other leading scientists and intellectuals, a document which led to the first of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in 1957. In 1957-58, Russell became the first president of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, which advocated unilateral nuclear disarmament by Britain. He resigned two years later when the CND would not support civil disobedience, and formed the Committee of 100. In September 1961 he was imprisoned for a week under an act of 1361 for refusing to call off a huge ban-the-bomb demonstration at the Ministry of Defence organised by the Committee of 100. He served the sentence in the hospital of Brixton Prison.

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, Russell sent telegrams to US President John F. Kennedy, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, the UN Secretary-General U Thant and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. His telegrams were greatly critical of Kennedy, who he had already singled out earlier as "more dangerous than Hitler", and tolerant of Khrushchev. Khrushchev replied with a long letter, published by the Russian news agency ITAR-TASS, which was mainly addressed to Kennedy and the Western world.

Increasingly concerned about the potential danger to humanity arising from nuclear weapons and other scientific discoveries, he also joined with Einstein, Robert Oppenheimer, Joseph Rotblat and other eminent scientists of the day to establish the World Academy of Art and Science which was formally constituted in 1960.

The Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation and its publishing imprint Spokesman Books began work in 1963 to carry forward Russell's work for peace, human rights and social justice.

Russell criticised the official account of the assassination of John F. Kennedy in "16 Questions on the Assassination", 1964.

Korea and Vietnam
He began public opposition to US policy in Vietnam with a letter to The New York Times dated 28 March 1963. By the autumn of 1966, he had completed the manuscript War Crimes in Vietnam. Then, using the American justifications for the Nuremberg Trials, Russell, along with Jean-Paul Sartre, organised what he called an international War Crimes Tribunal, the Russell Tribunal.

Russell supported Korean nationalism, referring to North Koreans and South Koreans as "cousins".

Communism, anarchism and socialism
Russell was, prior to being a socialist, a Georgist.

In 1914 he wrote to Lady Ottoline Morrell saying "It is clear the Socialists are the hope of the world". Russell expressed support for guild socialism. He was also an admirer of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Eduard Bernstein.

Russell expressed great hope in "the Communist experiment". However, when he visited the Soviet Union and met Vladimir Lenin in 1920, he was unimpressed with the system in place. On his return he wrote a critical tract, The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism. He was "infinitely unhappy in this atmosphere – stifled by its utilitarianism, its indifference to love and beauty and the life of impulse." Although critical of its implementation in Soviet Russia, he still believed "that Communism is necessary to the world." He believed Lenin to be similar to a religious zealot, cold and possessing "no love of liberty" and a kind of "latter-day Cromwell".

Later in his life, Russell completely denounced Marxism and communism, stating that:

In the 1922 and 1923 general elections Russell stood as a Labour Party candidate in the Chelsea constituency, but only on the basis that he knew he was extremely unlikely to be elected in such a safe Conservative seat, and he was not on either occasion.

He was strongly critical of Joseph Stalin's regime, writing that Stalin was responsible for millions of deaths. Between 1945 and 1947, together with A. J. Ayer and George Orwell, he contributed a series of articles to Polemic, a short-lived British "Magazine of Philosophy, Psychology, and Aesthetics" edited by the ex-Communist Humphrey Slater.

Russell was a consistent enthusiast for democracy and world government, and he advocated the establishment of a democratic international government in some of the essays collected in In Praise of Idleness (1935), and also in Has Man a Future? (1961).

Russell wrote of Michael Bakunin that "we do not find in Bakunin's works a clear picture of the society at which he aimed, or any argument to prove that such a society could be stable." Russell did not believe that an anarchist society was "realizable" but that "it cannot be denied that Kropotkin presents it with extraordinary persuasiveness and charm."

Women's suffrage
As a young man, Russell was a member of the Liberal Party and wrote in favour of women's suffrage. In his 1910 pamphlet, Anti-Suffragist Anxieties, Russell wrote that some men opposed suffrage because they "fear that their liberty to act in ways that are injurious to women will be curtailed." In May 1907, Russell stood for Parliament as a woman's suffrage candidate in Wimbledon, but was not elected.

Sexuality
Russell wrote against Victorian notions of morality. Marriage and Morals (1929) expressed his opinion that sex between a man and woman who are not married to each other is not necessarily immoral if they truly love one another, and advocated "trial marriages" or "companionate marriage", formalised relationships whereby young people could legitimately have sexual intercourse without being expected to remain married in the long term or to have children (an idea first proposed by Judge Ben Lindsey). This was enough to raise vigorous protests and denunciations against him during his visit to the United States shortly after the book's publication. Russell was also one of the first intellectuals to advocate open sex education and widespread access to contraception. He also advocated easy divorce, but only if the marriage had produced no children – Russell's view was that parents should remain married but tolerant of each other's sexual infidelity, if they had children. This reflected his life at the time – his second wife Dora was openly having an affair, and would soon become pregnant by another man, but Russell was keen for their children John and Kate to have a "normal" family life.

Russell was also an active supporter of the Homosexual Law Reform Society, being one of the signatories of A.E. Dyson's 1958 letter to The Times calling for a change in the law regarding male homosexual practices, which were partly legalised in 1967, when Russell was still alive.

Race
As with his views on religion, which developed considerably throughout his long life, Russell's views on the matter of race did not remain fixed. By 1951, Russell was a vocal advocate of racial equality and intermarriage; he penned a chapter on "Racial Antagonism" in New Hopes for a Changing World (1951), which read:

Passages in some of his early writings support birth control. On 16 November 1922, for instance, he gave a lecture to the General Meeting of Dr. Marie Stopes's Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress on "Birth Control and International Relations", in which he described the importance of extending Western birth control worldwide; his remarks anticipated the population control movement of the 1960s and the role of the United Nations.

Another passage from early editions of his book Marriage and Morals (1929), which Russell later claimed to be referring only to environmental conditioning, and which he significantly modified in later editions, reads:

However, in 1932 he condemned the "unwarranted assumption" that "Negroes are congenitally inferior to white men" (Education and the Social Order, Chap. 3).

Responding in 1964 to a correspondent's inquiry, "Do you still consider the Negroes an inferior race, as you did when you wrote Marriage and Morals?", Russell replied:

China
In 1922 Russell visited China and remarked that "China, by her resources and her population, is capable of being the greatest power in the world after the United States".

Eugenics

Russell laid out his views about eugenics with a full chapter on the topic in his book Marriage and Morals. He expressed agreement with the basic idea, while criticizing specific views and positions eugenicists held (particularly a strong class bias). Russell accepted a forced sterilization policy for negative eugenics, but only that of "mental defectives", condemning some laws for being overly broad. He also cautioned that eugenics policies had to account for scientific evidence, such as not making claims that all criminal behavior had genetic causes when psychology indicated otherwise. In terms of positive eugenics, he felt that free education should be provided for only to the professional classes, based not on the merits of the children, but of the parents, so that children are not burdened with cramming and have more time to breed large families. Russell also acknowledge the difficulty of deciding what desirable traits are, and that tradeoffs can exist (e.g. to breed for strength might diminish intelligence). He also acknowledged that to practice eugenics would entail a radical disruption of the family, feeling that a select group from the population might be set apart solely to breed in the future. While finding this idea repugnant, he thought it might nonetheless be effective. Discussing "race" eugenics, he felt the prevalent racist views were largely an excuse for chauvinism, and dismissed concerns about white people being outbred by East Asians. He considered some peoples inferior due to "environmental conditioning". He felt that in the future people might well select sexual partners for procreation voluntarily due to eugenic considerations. Russell felt certain eugenics views would win out in the future and become law. He conceded that it was repugnant to people and a "scientific tyranny" could arise, but felt this would be better than religious tyranny.

Influence on society
Russell often characterised his moral and political writings as lying outside the scope of philosophy, but Russell's admirers and detractors are often more acquainted with his pronouncements on social and political matters, or what some (e.g., biographer Ray Monk) have called his "journalism", than they are with his technical, philosophical work. There is a marked tendency to conflate these matters, and to judge Russell the philosopher on what he himself would certainly consider to be his non-philosophical opinions. Russell often cautioned people to make this distinction. Beginning in the 1920s, Russell wrote frequently for The Nation on changing morals, nuclear disarmament and literature. In 1965, he wrote that the magazine "...has been one of the few voices which has been heard on behalf of individual liberty and social justice consistently throughout its existence."

Paul McCartney, a member of The Beatles, said that after he met with Russell at his house and discussed the Vietnam war with him, McCartney inspired John Lennon and the band to take an anti-war stance.

Further reading

Selected bibliography of Russell's books
This is a selected bibliography of Russell's books in English sorted by year of first publication.
 1896, German Social Democracy, London: Longmans, Green
 1897, An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry, Cambridge: At the University Press.
 1900, A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, Cambridge: At the University Press.
 1905 On Denoting, Mind vol. 14, NS, , Basil Blackwell
 1910–1913, Principia Mathematica (with Alfred North Whitehead), 3 vols., Cambridge: At the University Press.
 1912, The Problems of Philosophy, London: Williams and Norgate.
 1914, Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy, Chicago and London: Open Court Publishing.
 1916, Principles of Social Reconstruction, London: George Allen & Unwin
 1916, Justice in War-time, Chicago: Open Court.
 1917, Political Ideals, New York: The Century Co.
 1918, Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays, London: Longmans, Green.
 1918, Proposed Roads to Freedom: Socialism, Anarchism, and Syndicalism, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1919, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, London: George Allen & Unwin, ( for Routledge paperback) (Copy at Archive.org).
 1920, The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism, London: George Allen & Unwin
 1921, The Analysis of Mind, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1922, The Problem of China, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1923, The Prospects of Industrial Civilization (in collaboration with Dora Russell), London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1923, The ABC of Atoms, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
 1924, Icarus, or the Future of Science, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
 1925, The ABC of Relativity, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
 1925, What I Believe, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
 1926, On Education, Especially in Early Childhood, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1927, The Analysis of Matter, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
 1927, Why I Am Not a Christian, London: Watts.
 1927, Selected Papers of Bertrand Russell, New York: Modern Library.
 1928, Sceptical Essays, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1929, Marriage and Morals, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1930, The Conquest of Happiness, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1931, The Scientific Outlook, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1932, Education and the Social Order, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1934, Freedom and Organization, 1814–1914, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1935, In Praise of Idleness, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1935, Religion and Science, London: Thornton Butterworth.
 1936, Which Way to Peace?, London: Jonathan Cape.
 1937, The Amberley Papers: The Letters and Diaries of Lord and Lady Amberley (with Patricia Russell), 2 vols., London: Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press.
 1938, Power: A New Social Analysis, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1940, An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
 1946, A History of Western Philosophy and Its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, New York: Simon and Schuster.
 1948, Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1949, Authority and the Individual, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1950, Unpopular Essays, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1951, New Hopes for a Changing World, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1952, The Impact of Science on Society, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1953, Satan in the Suburbs and Other Stories, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1954, Human Society in Ethics and Politics, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1954, Nightmares of Eminent Persons and Other Stories, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1956, Portraits from Memory and Other Essays, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1956, Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901–1950 (edited by Robert C. Marsh), London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1957, Why I Am Not A Christian and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects (edited by Paul Edwards), London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1958, Understanding History and Other Essays, New York: Philosophical Library.
 1959, Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1959, My Philosophical Development, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1959, Wisdom of the West ("editor", Paul Foulkes), London: Macdonald.
 1960, Bertrand Russell Speaks His Mind, Cleveland and New York: World Publishing Company.
 1961, Fact and Fiction, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1961, Has Man a Future?, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1963, Essays in Skepticism, New York: Philosophical Library.
 1963, Unarmed Victory, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1965, On the Philosophy of Science (edited by Charles A. Fritz, Jr.), Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company.
 1967, Russell's Peace Appeals (edited by Tsutomu Makino and Kazuteru Hitaka), Japan: Eichosha's New Current Books.
 1967, War Crimes in Vietnam, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1967–1969, The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 3 vols., London: George Allen & Unwin.
 1969, Dear Bertrand Russell… A Selection of his Correspondence with the General Public 1950–1968 (edited by Barry Feinberg and Ronald Kasrils), London: George Allen and Unwin.

Russell also wrote many pamphlets, introductions, articles and letters to the editor. His works also can be found in a number of anthologies and collections, including The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, which McMaster University began publishing in 1983. The Russell Archives at McMaster University also have more than 30,000 letters that he wrote.

Biographical books
 Bertrand Russell: Philosopher and Humanist, by John Lewis (1968)
 Bertrand Russell and His World, by Ronald W. Clark (1981)

Notes

References
 Bertrand Russell. 1967–1969, The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 3 volumes, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 Wallechinsky, David & Irving Wallace. 1975–1981, "Famous Marriages Bertrand Russell & Alla Pearsall Smith, Part 1" & "Part 3", on "Alys" Pearsall Smith, webpage content from The People's Almanac, webpages: Part 1 & Part 3 (accessed 2008-11-08).

External links

Writings available online

Works by or about Bertrand Russell at Internet Archive
Works by Bertrand Russell at Open Library

Audio

 Works by Bertrand Russell at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
 Bertrand Russell Audio Archive
 In Praise of Idleness free mp3 recitation of Russell's essay of the same name, from the Audio Anarchy project

Other

 Russell Photo Gallery
 Photographs at the National Portrait Gallery

 The Bertrand Russell Archives
The Bertrand Russell Society
Resource list
 The First Reith Lecture given by Russell (Real Audio)
 Lecture about 1905, the philosophical landscale of Einstein in which Russell was central

Society


Smart Money may refer to:

Smart Money (1931 film), a 1931 American motion picture
Smart Money (1986 film), a 1986 BBC film
SmartMoney, a financial magazine

See also
Smart money index, used for financial analysis


Jean-François Laterrade (23 January 1784 – 30 October 1858) was a French botanist born in Bordeaux. He was a founding member of Linnean Society of Bordeaux, and was director of the botanical garden at Bordeaux.

In 1811 Laterrade published a work involving flora found in the environs of Bordeaux called "Flore bordelaise, ou Tableau des plantes qui croissent naturellement aux environs de Bordeaux". This book was re-issued in 1821, 1829 and 1846. In 1823 he founded a popular agricultural journal titled "L'Ami des champs" (The Friend of the Fields).

The mycological genus Laterradea (Raspail, 1824) is named after him.

References
 Index des Botanistes, Fleurs Sauvages de l'Yonne (translated from French)

19th-century French botanists
1784 births
1858 deaths
Scientists from Bordeaux


In time series data, seasonality is the presence of variations that occur at specific regular intervals less than a year, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Seasonality may be caused by various factors, such as weather, vacation, and holidays and consists of periodic, repetitive, and generally regular and predictable patterns in the levels of a time series.

Seasonal fluctuations in a time series can be contrasted with cyclical patterns. The latter occur when the data exhibits rises and falls that are not of a fixed period. Such non-seasonal fluctuations are usually due to economic conditions and are often related to the "business cycle"; their period usually extends beyond a single year, and the fluctuations are usually of at least two years.

Organisations facing seasonal variations, such as ice-cream vendors, are often interested in knowing their performance relative to the normal seasonal variation. Seasonal variations in the labour market can be attributed to the entrance of school leavers into the job market as they aim to contribute to the workforce upon the completion of their schooling. These regular changes are of less interest to those who study employment data than the variations that occur due to the underlying state of the economy; their focus is on how unemployment in the workforce has changed, despite the impact of the regular seasonal variations.

It is necessary for organisations to identify and measure seasonal variations within their market to help them plan for the future. This can prepare them for the temporary increases or decreases in labour requirements and inventory as demand for their product or service fluctuates over certain periods. This may require training, periodic maintenance, and so forth that can be organized in advance. Apart from these considerations, the organisations need to know if variation they have experienced has been more or less than the expected amount, beyond what the usual seasonal variations account for.

Motivation

There are several main reasons for studying seasonal variation:

The description of the seasonal effect provides a better understanding of the impact this component has upon a particular series.
After establishing the seasonal pattern, methods can be implemented to eliminate it from the time-series to study the effect of other components such as cyclical and irregular variations. This elimination of the seasonal effect is referred to as de-seasonalizing or seasonal adjustment of data.
To use the past patterns of the seasonal variations to contribute to forecasting and the prediction of the future trends, such as in climate normals.

Detection
The following graphical techniques can be used to detect seasonality:
 A run sequence plot will often show seasonality
 A seasonal plot will show the data from each season overlapped
 A seasonal subseries plot is a specialized technique for showing seasonality
 Multiple box plots can be used as an alternative to the seasonal subseries plot to detect seasonality
 An autocorrelation plot (ACF) and a spectral plot can help identify seasonality.

A really good way to find periodicity, including seasonality, in any regular series of data is to remove any overall trend first and then to inspect time periodicity.

The run sequence plot is a recommended first step for analyzing any time series. Although seasonality can sometimes be indicated by this plot, seasonality is shown more clearly by the seasonal subseries plot or the box plot. The seasonal subseries plot does an excellent job of showing both the seasonal differences (between group patterns) and also the within-group patterns. The box plot shows the seasonal difference (between group patterns) quite well, but it does not show within group patterns. However, for large data sets, the box plot is usually easier to read than the seasonal subseries plot.

The seasonal plot, seasonal subseries plot, and the box plot all assume that the seasonal periods are known. In most cases, the analyst will in fact, know this. For example, for monthly data, the period is 12 since there are 12 months in a year. However, if the period is not known, the autocorrelation plot can help. If there is significant seasonality, the autocorrelation plot should show spikes at lags equal to the period. For example, for monthly data, if there is a seasonality effect, we would expect to see significant peaks at lag 12, 24, 36, and so on (although the intensity may decrease the further out we go).

An autocorrelation plot (ACF) can be used to identify seasonality, as it calculates the difference (residual amount) between a Y value and a lagged value of Y. The result gives some points where the two values are close together ( no seasonality ), but other points where there is a large discrepancy. These points indicate a level of seasonality in the data.

Semiregular cyclic variations might be dealt with by spectral density estimation.

Calculation

Seasonal variation is measured in terms of an index, called a seasonal index. It is an average that can be used to compare an actual observation relative to what it would be if there were no seasonal variation. An index value is attached to each period of the time series within a year. This implies that if monthly data are considered there are 12 separate seasonal indices, one for each month. The following methods use seasonal indices to measure seasonal variations of a time-series data.

Method of simple averages
Ratio to trend method
Ratio-to-moving-average method
Link relatives method

Method of simple averages
The measurement of seasonal variation by using the ratio-to-moving-average method provides an index to measure the degree of the seasonal variation in a time series. The index is based on a mean of 100, with the degree of seasonality measured by variations away from the base. For example, if we observe the hotel rentals in a winter resort, we find that the winter quarter index is 124. The value 124 indicates that 124 percent of the average quarterly rental occur in winter. If the hotel management records 1436 rentals for the whole of last year, then the average quarterly rental would be 359= (1436/4). As the winter-quarter index is 124, we estimate the number of winter rentals as follows:

359*(124/100)=445;

Here, 359 is the average quarterly rental. 124 is the winter-quarter index. 445 the seasonalized winter-quarter rental.

This method is also called the percentage moving average method. In this method, the original data values in the time-series are expressed as percentages of moving averages. The steps and the tabulations are given below.

Ratio to trend method

 Find the centered 12 monthly (or 4 quarterly) moving averages of the original data values in the time-series.

 Express each original data value of the time-series as a percentage of the corresponding centered moving average values obtained in step(1). In other words, in a multiplicative time-series model, we get (Original data values) / (Trend values) × 100 = ( ×  ×  × ) / ( × ) × 100 = ( ×  ) × 100. This implies that the ratio-to-moving average represents the seasonal and irregular components.

 Arrange these percentages according to months or quarter of given years. Find the averages over all months or quarters of the given years.

 If the sum of these indices is not 1200 (or 400 for quarterly figures), multiply then by a correction factor = 1200 / (sum of monthly indices). Otherwise, the 12 monthly averages will be considered as seasonal indices.

Ratio-to-moving-average method
Let us calculate the seasonal index by the ratio-to-moving-average method from the following data:

Now calculations for 4 quarterly moving averages and ratio-to-moving-averages are shown in the below table.

Now the total of seasonal averages is 398.85. Therefore, the corresponding correction factor would be 400/398.85 = 1.00288. Each seasonal average is multiplied by the correction factor 1.00288 to get the adjusted seasonal indices as shown in the above table.

Link relatives method

1. In an additive time-series model, the seasonal component is estimated as:
  =  – ( +  +  )
where
  :  Seasonal values

  :  Actual data values of the time-series

  :  Trend values

  :  Cyclical values

  :  Irregular values.

2. In a multiplicative time-series model, the seasonal component is expressed in terms of ratio and percentage as

 Seasonal effect ;

However, in practice the detrending of time-series is done to arrive at .

This is done by dividing both sides of   by trend values  so that  .

3. The deseasonalized time-series data will have only trend ( ), cyclical ( ) and irregular ( ) components and is expressed as:

Multiplicative model :

Additive model:  –  = ( +  +  +  ) –  =  +  +

Modeling
A completely regular cyclic variation in a time series might be dealt with in time series analysis by using a sinusoidal model with one or more sinusoids whose period-lengths may be known or unknown depending on the context. A less completely regular cyclic variation might be dealt with by using a special form of an ARIMA model which can be structured so as to treat cyclic variations semi-explicitly. Such models represent cyclostationary processes.

Another method of modelling periodic seasonality is the use of pairs of Fourier terms. Similar to using the sinusoidal model, Fourier terms added into regression models utilize sine and cosine terms in order to simulate seasonality. However, the seasonality of such a regression would be represented as the sum of sine or cosine terms, instead of a single sine or cosine term in a sinusoidal model. Every periodic function can be approximated with the inclusion of Fourier terms.

The difference between a sinusoidal model and a regression with Fourier terms can be simplified as below:

Sinusoidal Model:

Regression With Fourier Terms:

Seasonal adjustment

Seasonal adjustment or deseasonalization is any method for removing the seasonal component of a time series. The resulting seasonally adjusted data are used, for example, when analyzing or reporting non-seasonal trends over durations rather longer than the seasonal period. An appropriate method for seasonal adjustment is chosen on the basis of a particular view taken of the decomposition of time series into components designated with names such as "trend", "cyclic", "seasonal" and "irregular", including how these interact with each other. For example, such components might act additively or multiplicatively. Thus, if a seasonal component acts additively, the adjustment method has two stages:
estimate the seasonal component of variation in the time series, usually in a form that has a zero mean across series;
subtract the estimated seasonal component from the original time series, leaving the seasonally adjusted series: .

If it is a multiplicative model, the magnitude of the seasonal fluctuations will vary with the level, which is more likely to occur with economic series. When taking seasonality into account, the seasonally adjusted multiplicative decomposition can be written as ; whereby the original time series is divided by the estimated seasonal component.

The multiplicative model can be transformed into an additive model by taking the log of the time series;

SA Multiplicative decomposition:

Taking log of the time series of the multiplicative model:

One particular implementation of seasonal adjustment is provided by X-12-ARIMA.

In regression analysis

In regression analysis such as ordinary least squares, with a seasonally varying dependent variable being influenced by one or more independent variables, the seasonality can be accounted for and measured by including n-1 dummy variables, one for each of the seasons except for an arbitrarily chosen reference season, where n is the number of seasons (e.g., 4 in the case of meteorological seasons, 12 in the case of months, etc.). Each dummy variable is set to 1 if the data point is drawn from the dummy's specified season and 0 otherwise. Then the predicted value of the dependent variable for the reference season is computed from the rest of the regression, while for any other season it is computed using the rest of the regression and by inserting the value 1 for the dummy variable for that season.

Related patterns

It is important to distinguish seasonal patterns from related patterns.
While a seasonal pattern occurs when a time series is affected by the season or the time of the year, such as annual, semiannual, quarterly, etc.
A cyclic pattern, or simply a cycle, occurs when the data exhibit rises and falls in other periods, i.e., much longer (e.g., decadal) or much shorter (e.g., weekly) than seasonal.
A quasiperiodicity is a more general, irregular periodicity.

See also
Oscillation
Periodic function
Periodicity (disambiguation)
Photoperiodism

References

Complete Business Statistics (Chapter 12) by Amir D. Aczel.
Business Statistics: Why and When (Chapter 15) by Larry E. Richards and Jerry J. Lacava.
Business Statistics (Chapter 16) by J.K. Sharma.
Business Statistics, a decision making approach (Chapter 18) by David F. Groebner and Patric W. Shannon.
Statistics for Management (Chapter 15) by Richard I. Levin and David S. Rubin.
Forecasting: practice and principles by Rob J. Hyndman and George Athansopoulos

External links

Seasonality at NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods


Affluenza: When Too Much is Never Enough is a book written by Professor Clive Hamilton and Richard Denniss, and was published in 2005. According to the book, Western society is addicted to overconsumption and this situation is unique in human history. Hamilton and Denniss argue that overconsumption is driven by aspiration, in an effort to emulate the lifestyles of the rich and the famous through the identities and fulfilments that commodities are supposed to, but do not necessarily, deliver. Rates of stress, depression and obesity are high as people try to cope with the emptiness and disappointments of consumer life.

Affluenza says that an increasing number of Australians are ignoring advertisers, reducing their spending, and reprioritizing their time.

In 2017, Richard Denniss published a follow-up book called Curing Affluenza.

See also
Affluenza
Consumerism

References

External links
 Edited extract from Affluenza, The Age, May 29, 2005.

2005 non-fiction books
Australian non-fiction books
Books by Clive Hamilton
Non-fiction books about consumerism
Allen & Unwin books


Operation Seabight, or Sea Bight, is the codename used to describe the tracking and eventual seizure of up to €750 million  of cocaine off the Irish coast in November 2008, originally thought to have been the largest such haul in the history of Ireland and one of the largest in Europe in 2008. The figures were later revised to show that this was in fact the second largest haul in Irish history. The seizure took place off the south-west coast and eclipsed the discovery of €440 million of cocaine near Mizen Head in July 2007. A  yacht containing more than seventy bales of the substance was seized by a team of European anti-drugs agencies led by Irish authorities. Three men were also apprehended and later each was sentenced to ten years in jail.

The seizure came just one day after the fourth man involved in Ireland's previous record haul in 2007 was sentenced to ten years imprisonment.  of cocaine valued at €440 million washed up on the Cork coast near Mizen Head following an attempted trafficking scam that failed when one of the men filled their petrol-powered motor engine with diesel. The inflatable launch overturned and dumped sixty-two bales of cocaine into the sea. Three of the men involved in the operation were sentenced earlier in 2008 for a total of eighty-five years.

Etymology
Operation Seabight received its name from the Porcupine Seabight, Porcupine Bank near international fishing grounds where the seizure took place.

Background

The seizure was masterminded by the Lisbon-based anti-trafficking body, Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre – Narcotics (MAOC-N), which is staffed by law enforcement personnel from Ireland, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France and Italy. The centre targets aeroplanes and sea vessels, such as private ships, cruisers and yachts, mainly from South America, Latin America and West Africa. The operation has previously identified smuggling routes which use West Africa as a staging post for illegal substances before shipping them to Europe.

A  yacht containing seventy bales of the substance was seized by a team of European anti-drugs agencies led by the Irish. The yacht, named Dances with Waves, had set sail from Trinidad more than a month earlier. MAOC-N tracked it across the Atlantic Ocean before the Irish Naval Service patrol ship LÉ Niamh moved in around  off the coast of West Cork at around 11:00 UTC on 6 November 2008.

The yacht, registered in Britain until July and then de-registered, was escorted into Castletownbere Harbour in West Cork by the Irish patrol ship LÉ Róisín early on 7 November 2008. Gardaí (the Irish police) removed the 70 bales of cocaine from the vessel and garda technical experts examined it. The haul was taken to local garda stations and later removed to the Department of Justice Forensic Science Laboratory at Garda Headquarters.

It later emerged that the yacht was on the verge of capsizing when naval officers swooped on the vessel, with the seventy bales almost being washed into the sea. Authorities were forced to board the ship in "horrendous weather conditions" to prevent a potential loss of evidence as  swells swirled in the background. The yacht was seized in the midst of a force seven gale which delayed its onshore arrival by seven hours.

The patrol ship LÉ Orla was deployed to search for bales of the drug while monitoring shipping to ensure they didn't recover any of the haul from the sea

Substance
Initial tests indicate the cocaine seized is 80% pure, 5% more potent than the €440 million Dunlough Bay haul of 2007.  According to one source, the average purity of Irish street cocaine is (presumably currently) just 10%,
although an older source (data for 1999) states that cocaine purity across Europe is typically 55% to 70%, with Ireland being exceptionally low at 41%.
Street prices for cocaine in both the US and Europe have dropped consistently over the last twenty years, indicating supply in this period has outstripped demand.

Convicts
Three male British nationals, initially reported to be aged between 44 and 52, were detained and questioned by gardaí in two separate garda stations in Bantry and Bandon, County Cork. The men were taken ashore at the small fishing port of Castletownbere. The three, later named as 49-year-old Philip Doo and 40-year-old David Mufford (both from Devon, England) and 42-year-old Christopher Wiggins (with an address on Spain's Costa del Sol), appeared before a special sitting of the District Court in Clonakilty, County Cork on 8 November 2008. They were charged with possession of cocaine knowing the drug was to be imported into a country other than Ireland. No application for bail was made and the men were remanded in custody to appear in Kinsale court again on 13 November 2008.

The damaged yacht, believed bound for Liverpool, remains in Castletownbere. Searches of its logs, charts and navigation computers continue to find evidence that would prove its link to Spanish-based British drugs gang members. The bulk of the cocaine consignment was due for European markets.

The three men were each sentenced to ten years in jail on 8 May 2009.

See also
 Illicit drug use in Ireland

Notes
  On 6 November 2008, €750 million was the equivalent of almost £ 609 million and a little over US$.
  The €750 million figure was based on the usual law enforcement estimate for a sub-gram quantity heavily cut. Based on the estimated street value of €30–33,000 per kg, the 1875 kg would be worth anything from ≈ €56–60 million.

References

2008 in the Republic of Ireland
2008 in Trinidad and Tobago
2009 in the Republic of Ireland
2009 in Trinidad and Tobago
Cocaine
Drugs in the Republic of Ireland
Garda Síochána operations
Seabight


'Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin is a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It has a wide spectrum of cytolytic activity.

It is among other toxins produced by S. aureus and is part of the phenol-soluble modulin peptide family.  Its alpha-helical, amphipathic structure gives it detergent-like properties, allowing it to disrupt and attach to the cytoplasmic membrane of a cell non-specifically, without a receptor, and integrate into the membrane. Delta toxin degrades the membrane on contact and forms short-lived pores, causing cell lysis and subsequent cell death.

Structure
S. aureus delta toxin is encoded for by the hld gene. The hld gene, of which the 3’ end encodes for delta toxin, is involved in the accessory gene regulator (agr) system.  This system controls the signaling and creation of cell-associated and secreted virulence factors.  Delta toxin is also secreted from S. aureus without a signal peptide, but the toxin itself has been speculated to make an effective signal peptide.  The S. aureus delta toxin molecule has been speculated to oligomerize and form cation-selective ion channels in the membrane for use other than cell lysis by the toxin.  The channel is proposed to be formed by six delta toxin molecules in a hexagonal arrangement.

Function
Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin is a phenol-soluble modulin peptide.  Because of this, the cytotoxins that are produced upon a S. aureus infection, including delta toxin, are proinflammatory molecules.  Delta toxin is also a chemoattractant for leukocytes, leading to a surge of cytokines such as interleukin-8 from neutrophils at an infection site. Delta toxin molecules activate a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in leukocytes called formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), which binds metabolites to inhibit and lower inflammation. Thus, delta toxin molecules trigger inflammation that needs to be modulated by FPR2.

Delta toxin also has moderate cytolytic abilities to lyse red and white blood cells through the use of short-lived pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. The toxin then uses host tissue as nutrients required for further S. aureus bacteria growth.  Delta toxin specifically causes mast cell degranulation, contributing to allergic reactions of the skin like atopic dermatitis. This reaction is only caused by delta toxin, rather than the other toxins produced by S. aureus, proving that PSM peptides have evolved to fulfill different roles in pathogenesis.

PSMs, like S. aureus delta toxin, can prevent the activation and proliferations of CD4+ T cells, depending on interleukin-10 and TFG-beta activations.  This would result in a down regulation of the adaptive immune response, potentially increasing pathogenic tolerance.  This is a hypothesis as to why S. aureus is so virulent; S. aureus bacteria are able to modulate the organism’s immune system to evade it.

Delta toxin is quite heat-stable, unlike S. aureus alpha and beta toxins. However, the addition of lecithin specifically prevents delta toxin from lysing cells.  Delta toxin activity can also both enhanced and prevented with saturated, straight-chain fatty acids of varying lengths.  Phospholipids 13 to 19 carbons in length enhanced the lytic activity of delta toxin, whereas those that were 21 to 23 carbons long were inhibitory. The length of the fatty acid chain could be related to the binding of the toxin to the membrane to be effective, as those phospholipids with longer tails prevent the toxin from getting close enough to the membrane.

References

Bacterial toxins


The 2008–09 IUPUI Jaguars men's basketball team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college basketball team representing Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis.

IUPUI was picked to finish fourth in The Summit League's preseason poll.  was voted to finish first and North Dakota State second. Senior guard Gary Patterson was named to the Preseason All-League Second Team.

Roster
Coaches: Ron Hunter, Todd Howard, Matt Crenshaw, Austin Parkinson

Schedule

References

IUPUI Jaguars
IUPUI Jaguars men's basketball seasons
IUPUI
IUPUI


The Entrance Station at Devils Tower National Monument is a log cabin in the National Park Service Rustic style, built in 1941. The cabin is based on 1933 plans created by the National Park Service Landscape Division for a now-vanished caretaker's cabin at Aspenglen Campground in Rocky Mountain National Park, adapted by NPS architect Howard W. Baker of the Branch of Plans and Design for dual use as an entrance station and as a residence. It features a unique porch with rough-cut projecting log ends in a scooped pattern.

The interior was renovated in 1999, replacing the living spaces with office space.

See also
Entrance Road-Devils Tower National Monument
Old Headquarters Area Historic District
Tower Ladder-Devils Tower National Monument

References

External links

National Park Service Devils Tower First Fifty Years - The Early Years
National Park Service Devils Tower First Fifty Years - The 1930s
Devils Tower Entrance Station at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Government buildings completed in 1941
Houses completed in 1941
National Register of Historic Places in Devils Tower National Monument
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Park Service rustic in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Crook County, Wyoming


Ganesh Satish (born 15 March 1988) is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who currently plays for Vidarbha cricket team. He was born in Davanagere, Karnataka.

Satish began his cricketing career playing for the Karnataka  Under-14s team in 2001, first appearing in a game which saw teammate Vrushabendranath Pawar score 229 runs. He again played for the Under-14s the following season.

Satish continued to make it up the youth ranks, up through to the Under-22s. Satish's List A debut came in the Vijay Hazare Trophy competition of 2007–08. His debut first-class appearance came in November 2008 against Railways, partnering centurion and 2008 IPL player Robin Uthappa in the first innings and Chandrashekar Raghu in the second.

Satish represented Malnad Gladiators in the first edition of the Karnataka Premier League(2009). Satish represented his home state of Karnataka in the Ranji Trophy and captained in 2011.

In 2014, Satish switched to Vidarbha.

In July 2018, he was named in the squad for India Blue for the 2018–19 Duleep Trophy.

He has played three times in the Irani Cup.

References

1988 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Karnataka cricketers
South Zone cricketers
People from Davanagere
Cricketers from Karnataka
India Blue cricketers


Micah Armstrong, also known as Brother Micah, is an American Trinitarian Pentecostal evangelist who preaches publicly at universities.
He began his campus ministries full-time in 2006, however he visited campuses in his spare time as early as 2004, with visits also possibly occurring as early as the mid-1990s. Armstrong travels with his wife Elizabeth preaching in circuits mostly in the eastern and southern parts of the United States. Armstrong uses outrageous statements to spark heated discussions. According to Jay Reeves of the Associated Press, Armstrong "holds a near mythic status on college campuses across the eastern United States". On December 1, 2013, Jesse Morrell's OpenAirOutreach.com, published a documentary film on Armstrong's personal life and preaching.

Beliefs
Armstrong speaks out against sex outside of the biblical context of marriage, drugs, rock and roll, masturbation, smoking, and pornography. He calls himself a "homophobe" and performs a song entitled, The Homo Song. He refers to “real Muslims" as terrorists. On the subject of women, Armstrong has said, "Women have two places: In front of the sink and behind the vacuum."  He believes one can lose their salvation and must work to maintain it by stopping sinning/repenting from sinning and trusting in Jesus Christ. In 2009, he debated Mike Sprott, a Baptist campus ministry leader and pastor, at the University of South Florida campus, on confrontational open air preaching and the message of repentance and holiness.

Armstrong's preaching is criticized within some Christian circles. Brother Micah and Sister Elizabeth frequently preach against homosexuality, masturbation, and premarital sex, in a way that critics find confrontational. Armstrong calls male critics who challenge his preaching on homosexuality sodomites, and has said that sorority girls put whorehouses out of business by giving away free sex. Micah claims to be sinless (an unorthodox view called sinless perfectionism).

He commonly toured with Brother Jed and Sister Cindy.

References

Campus preachers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
American Pentecostals


Winterbottom is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Harold Edward Winterbottom (1879–1953), South Australian businessman
 Ian Winterbottom, Baron Winterbottom (1913–1992), British politician
 Kevin Winterbottom (1955–1976), South African Air Force pilot
 Mark Winterbottom (born 1981), racing driver
 Michael Winterbottom (academic) (born 1934), English classical scholar
 Michael Winterbottom (born 1961), British filmmaker
 Oliver Winterbottom, automotive designer
 Peter Winterbottom (born 1960), rugby union footballer
 Richard Winterbottom (1899–1968), British politician
 Thomas Masterman Winterbottom (1766–1859), English physician
 Walter Winterbottom (1913–2002), British football manager

In fiction

 Bonnie Winterbottom, a character on the television series How to Get Away with Murder
 Hartley Winterbottom, a character on the television series Chuck
 P.B. Winterbottom, the title character in the computer game The Misadventures of P.B. Winterbottom

See also

 Murgatroyd and Winterbottom, a British comedy double act
 Winterbottom v Wright (1842), an English legal case responsible for constraining the law's stance on negligence
 Winterbotham, a surname


David John O'Keefe  (21 August 1864 – 21 July 1943) was an Australian politician and journalist. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served in both houses of federal parliament, as a Senator for Tasmania (1901–1906, 1910–1920) and holding the House of Representatives (1922–1925). He subsequently entered state parliament, serving as Speaker of the Tasmanian House of Assembly (1934–1942). Prior to entering politics he had been the editor of the Zeehan and Dundas Herald on Tasmania's west coast.

Early life
O'Keefe was "probably" born on 21 August 1864 in Longford, Tasmania. He was the son of Mary Ann (née McCullagh) and David John O'Keefe, his father being a farmer. He attended the state school in Carrick until the age of 14, after which he worked as a labourer and farmhand. He moved to Beaconsfield at the age of 17 and worked as a gold miner for four years, operating the stamp battery used to process the results of quartz reef mining. O'Keefe subsequently purchased a small newsagency in Beaconsfield, which was destroyed in a fire but later rebuilt. He was also the Beaconsfield correspondent for Launceston's Daily Telegraph.

In 1891, O'Keefe moved to Zeehan on Tasmania's west coast. He was the editor of the Zeehan and Dundas Herald from 1894 to 1899. He "made a study of mineralogy and put his learning to good use by writing many articles on west-coast mines for Tasmanian and mainland newspapers, as well as examining and reporting on many mining propositions". After resigning from the Herald in 1899 he moved to Queensland and reported for Melbourne's Argus on the copper fields at Chillagoe and Mount Garnet.

Federal politics
In 1901, O'Keefe was elected to the Australian Senate, running with endorsement from the Protectionist Party, as there was no Labour Party in Tasmania at the time; however, he joined the Australian Labor Party caucus in Parliament. He was defeated in 1906, but re-elected in 1910, serving until his defeat in 1919 (taking effect in 1920). O'Keefe served as Chairman of Committees from 1910 to 1914.

In 1922, he was elected to the House of Representatives, defeating Labor-turned-Nationalist MP William Laird Smith for the seat of Denison. He was the first Tasmanian to have served in both houses of federal parliament.

Later life
He was defeated in 1925 by Nationalist Sir John Gellibrand and worked in Western Australia for some time before returning to Tasmania in 1931. In 1934 O'Keefe was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly, immediately taking the position of Speaker. He held the Speaker's position until 1942 and died the following year.

References

1864 births
1943 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate for Tasmania
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Denison
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Speakers of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
20th-century Australian politicians


Baidyanath Group is an Ayurvedic pharmaceutical company in India.

History
Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan (Pvt) Limited was founded in 1917 by two brothers, Vaidya Pandit Ram Narayan Sharma and his brother Pandit Ram Dayal Joshi. Sharma and Pandit started a large scale production of Ayurvedic formulations from the centers: Kolkata (1921), Patna (1940), Jhansi (1941), Nagpur (1942) and Prayagraj (1958).

During the tenure of Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan, new work came up at Baddi (Solan), Himachal Pradesh in the year 1995. Now, new plants exist at Barotiwala (Himachal Pradesh), Kashipur (Uttarakhand), and Seoni (Madhya Pradesh).

The current Managing Director Of Baidyanath Group is Ram K Sharma at Kolkata and Suresh Kumar Sharma at Nagpur.

In 2017, the group completed 100 years and decided to foray into the FMCG market with the introduction of new products like Amla, Aloe vera, Karela Jamun, Giloy varieties, and Herbal tea.

The group facilitated the practitioners of Ayurveda as a part of Dhanwantari Jayanti Celebrations.

See also
 Rasayana
 Triphala
 Churna
 Tinospora cordifolia
 Chyavanprash
 Ashwagandha
 Shilajit
 Convolvulus prostratus

References

External links
Official website
Baidyanath - Kolkata Group

Pharmaceutical companies of India
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1917
Ayurvedic companies


Constantin Dan Vasiliu (15 February 1951 – 6 November 2020) was a Romanian politician.

Career
He was born in Bârlad, Romania, and was the son of Mihai (Melu) Vasiliu and of Lucia Vasiliu (née Perida). He studied economics at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași. After graduation, he worked at the Tepro Company in Iași where he eventually was promoted to Commercial Director of the Company. After 1989, Constantin Dan Vasiliu entered politics.

In 1992, he was elected senator for the National Salvation Front; in this capacity, he was vice president of the Senate of Romania from 1994 to 1996. Re-elected in 1996 on the lists of the Democratic Party, he was chairman of the parliamentary group of the Democratic Party. From 1996 to 2000 he was also secretary of the senate's "Budget, Finance and Banking Commission". In 2000 he was re-elected vice president of the Senate.

Constantin Dan Vasiliu also was vice chairman of the "Romanian-Australian Friendship Group" and member of the "Group for the Friendship between Romania and the Republic of Moldova".

From 2000 to 2004 he was advisor to the Senate of Romania. He was also Secretary General of the Senate. In 2013 he was sent on a mission at the Romanian Embassy of Tunisia as secretary general where he remained in duty until 2017.

He was leader of the Democratic Liberal Party organization of Iași County.

References

Democratic Liberal Party (Romania) politicians
Members of the Senate of Romania
1951 births
2020 deaths
People from Bârlad
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni