Agony of Death is the tenth studio album by German thrash metal band Holy Moses. The album was released in three different dates of 2008, on 26 September in Germany, 29 September in Europe and 7 October in the United States through SPV/Steamhammer.

Track listing

Personnel
Band members
Sabina Classen – vocals, executive producer
Michael Hankel – guitar, producer, mastering, mixing
Oliver Jaath – guitar, backing vocals
Thomas Neitsch – bass
Atomic Steiff – drums

Additional musicians
Ferdy Doernberg – keyboards, samples, slide guitar on "Through Shattered Minds"
Janos Murri – guitar solo on "Imagination" and "Alienation"
Ralph Santolla – guitar solo on "World in Darkness" and "Dissociative Disorder"
Trevor Peres – guitar solo on "Angels in War"
Karlos Medina – bass on "Imagination"
Henning Basse – backing vocals on "Schizophrenia"
The Wolf – backing vocals on "Imagination"
Schmier – backing vocals on "The Cave"

References

2008 albums
Holy Moses albums
SPV/Steamhammer albums


Marbury is an unincorporated community in Charles County, Maryland, United States. It has been designated the zip code of 20658.
Marbury is located 6.3 miles from Indian Head on Maryland Route 224.

Marbury was the point at which the tornado of April 28, 2002 touched down, before traveling east to demolish much of La Plata.
Marbury is located at  (38.575278, -77.155833)

Attractions
Smallwood State Park, named for William Smallwood, is located in nearby Rison. Smallwood's Retreat, Sweden Point Marina, and an art gallery are located in the park. Smallwood State Park has hosted numerous fishing tournaments, including events in the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society's Bassmasters series.

Schools
Gale-Bailey Elementary School is located in Marbury.  Middle- and high-school students attend General Smallwood Middle School and Henry E. Lackey High School.

Demographics
Election district 10, which includes Marbury, had 3234 residents as of 2000.  That is a wider area than Marbury itself; other sources say it has 913 residents.

Notable person
Phyllis Reynolds Naylor vacationed with her paternal grandparents, who lived in Marbury during the 1930s.

Notes

Unincorporated communities in Maryland
Unincorporated communities in Charles County, Maryland


Herbert Baker (1862–1946) was a British architect.

Herbert Baker may also refer to:

Herbert Baker (cricketer) (1880–1958), English first-class cricketer
Herbert Baker (politician) (1866–1941), Canadian politician in Alberta
Herbert Baker (screenwriter) (1920–1983), American songwriter and screenwriter
Herbert Brereton Baker (1862–1935), British inorganic chemist
Herbert G. Baker (1920–2001), British-American botanist
Herbert F. Baker (1862–1930), American politician in the Michigan Legislature

See also
Bert Baker (disambiguation)


is a railway station on the Nippō Main Line and Kitto Line in Miyakonojō, Miyazaki, Japan, operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu).

Station layout
The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office.

History
Japanese Government Railways opened Miyakonojō Station on 8 October 1913 as the eastern terminus of its then Miyazaki Line which it had been extending eastwards from  since 1912. On 11 Feb 1914, Miyakonojō became a through-station when the track was extended towards the northeast to . By 21 September 1917, the track had reached  and line was renamed the Miyazaki Main Line. By 1923, the track had reached north to link up with the track of the Nippō Main Line at . The entire stretch through Miyazaki, Miyakonojō to Yoshimatsu was then redesignated as part of the Nippō Main Line on 15 December 1923.

By this time, the extension of the track south and west towards  from Miyakonojō had also begun. On 14 January 1923, Japanese Government Railways opened the Shibushi Line from Miyakonojō through  to Sueyoshi (now closed). By 1932, various lines stretching to Kagoshima had been linked up and through-traffic had been achieved. The lines serving Miyakonojō were redesignated. The stretch to Yoshimatsu (running generally northeast) was designated as the Kitto Line with Miyakonojō as the eastern terminus. The other tracks, with lines of various names now linked up to Kagoshima were designated as part of the Nippō Main Line.  With the privatization of Japanese National Railways, the successor to Japanese Government Railways, on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of Kyushu Railway Company.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 1,111 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 152nd among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.

See also
 List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

Railway stations in Miyazaki Prefecture
Stations of Kyushu Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1913


Brahim Kerrit (2 October 1940 – 22 April 2012) was a Tunisian footballer. He participated in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and scored two goals. He played professional football for Stade Malherbe Caen in France. He was born in El Kef.

References

External links
Biography

Further reading

1940 births
2012 deaths
Tunisian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Tunisia men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for Tunisia
Footballers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Ligue 1 players
Stade Tunisien players
Stade Malherbe Caen players
CS Hammam-Lif players


Aberlour House is the junior school of Gordonstoun School, and is now fully merged with it. It educated pupils from age 6 to 13.

The links between Aberlour House and Gordonstoun were very close. They shared the same school song and school flag (purple and white). Furthermore, they shared the same school motto – "plus est en vous", a contraction of "plus est en vous que vous pensez" meaning, "there is more in you than you think". They were both founded by the German educationalist Dr Kurt Hahn. His bust was prominently displayed in Aberlour House's front hall for many years.

The prep school was founded at Wester Elchies in 1936 – three years after Gordonstoun. Wester Elchies expanded such that in 1947 a modest stately home – Aberlour House – was bought. Charles Brereton was appointed headmaster by Kurt Hahn. Aberlour House had been occupied by the Army during the Second World War and is three miles from Wester Elchies.

The younger boys attended Wester Elchies until the age of about 10. Then they proceeded on to Aberlour House. They moved on to Gordonstoun at the age of 13. Wester Elchies got dry rot and had to be pulled down in the early 1960s. A dormitory at Aberlour House was named Wester Elchies in memory of the old school building. Other dormitories took their names from local castles such as Cawdor, Spynie, Darnaway, Gaudwell, Balvenie, Duffus, Lochindorb, Auchindoun, Towie Barclay, Kilvarock, Findlater, Brodie and Glamis.

Because of Wester Elchies' foundation date Aberlour House celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 1986. The school went mixed in 1974 – the same year as Gordonstoun took girls although sisters of boys at Wester Elchies had been admitted during and shortly after World War II.

Sir Toby Coghill, Bt  (1930–2000), was headmaster of Aberlour House 1964–89. He was an old boy of Gordonstoun and a graduate of Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he read Architecture and attained 'blues' in rowing and ice hockey. Previously he had been a housemaster at Aiglon College, a  Round Square affiliated school in Switzerland and became chairman of the board of governors upon retirement. His ancestor was Nevill Coghill (VC) who died attempting to save the colours at Isandhlwana. Coghill was an Irishman from Castletownshend, County Cork. He died in 2000 at the age of 70. Headmasters after him included Brian Head (1989–90), a Yorkshireman named David Edward Hanson (1990), a Scotsman, John Caithness (1990–2000) and then an Englishman by the name of Neil Wainwright Gardner.

Aberlour House enjoyed a short-lived fillip in 1993 when a local rival Blairmore School shut down. Aberlour took in many Blairmore pupils, appropriated Blairmore's scholarship boards and adopted Blairmore's Highland games event.

Aberlour House never appended the word 'school' to its name even when it was separate from Gordonstoun. Although the Preparatory School still keeps its name (Aberlour House) it is now located within the grounds of Gordonstoun School.

Wester Elchies
The first preparatory school was founded in 1936 at Wester Elchies and unlike Gordonstoun, was not made to move during the war. At the start of the war there were 40 boys and girls attending and these numbers increased to the point that a second school was opened at Aberlour House in 1947  by which time nearly 100 pupils were attending.

Wester Elchies was pulled down in the early 1960s because of dilapidation. The prep school continued with just Aberlour but even so there were always problems with the  that separated the main Gordonstoun campus and the school. In 2004 this was amended with the construction of a purpose-built prep school on the main campus. In January 2007 the disused Aberlour House became the head offices of Walkers Shortbread, whose main factory complex at Fisherton is adjacent to the house.

Present day
Presently Aberlour House has approximately 115 pupils between the ages of 6 and 13 attending. Although they form part of the same institution, going to Aberlour is not a prerequisite of going to Gordonstoun and neither is it enforced that pupils at Aberlour House continue on into Gordonstoun.

References

Independent schools in Moray
Boarding schools in Moray
Defunct boarding schools in Scotland
Defunct private schools in Scotland
Defunct preparatory schools in Scotland


Leo Goldberger (born June 28, 1930) is a psychologist, author, and editor known for his work in sensory deprivation, personality, stress and coping, as well as for his writings on the rescue of the Danish Jews during the Holocaust. A professor emeritus of psychology at New York University (NYU), Goldberger is a former director of its Research Center for Mental Health.

Biography
Goldberger's formative years were spent in Copenhagen, Denmark, where he grew up and where he endured the German occupation, escaping by fishing boat to Sweden during the Nazi round-up of the Jews in October 1943, with the assistance of Fanny Arnskov. In 1947 he emigrated to Canada, worked as a freelancer for the Danish section of CBC's International Service in Montreal, while attending McGill University, where he studied psychology, receiving his BA in 1951. He remained there for another year of graduate work in the department of Donald O. Hebb and thus became part of the emergent research field of sensory deprivation.

In 1952 he moved to the US and worked as a member of an interdisciplinary team in the Human Ecology Program (at NY Hospital-Cornell-Medical Center) studying the stress experienced by Chinese nationals stranded in the US after the communist revolution in China. He subsequently joined the Research Center for Mental Health (RCMH) at New York University in 1956 as a research fellow, conducting experiments on personality, sensory deprivation, LSD, cognitive style and subliminal perception in collaboration with Robert R. Holt, George S. Klein and others, of the RCMH, with funding from his 5-year NIMH-Research Career Development Award among other grants. On receiving his Ph.D. in 1958, Goldberger became an assistant professor and a member of the staff of the Research Center for Mental Health, then in 1967 its associate director, and assumed the position of director in 1971 until the center's demise a few years later. On the NYU faculty he rose to associate professor, professor, and now professor emeritus.

Becoming a US citizen in 1959, he discharged his military obligation as a civilian researcher for the US Air Force, conducting simulation studies in support of the Mercury Astronaut Space Selection Program

His interest in psychoanalysis led him to the New York Psychoanalytic Institute, from which he graduated in 1967. His research and theoretical orientation consistently favored an empirical, inter-disciplinary approach and he became part of a like-minded group of psychoanalysts that established Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, of which he served as editor for 27 years. He was also the founder and general editor of Psychoanalytic Crosscurrents and Essential Papers in Psychoanalysis, book series published by  New York University Press.  A frequent consultant to publishers, including Basic Books, Bruner-Mazel, Routledge and the Behavioral Science Book Service of the Book-Of-the-Month Club, he was also a consultant to Holocaust resource centers, and to documentary film makers,. He was the story consultant on the feature film  A Day in October (1992) about the rescue of the Danish Jews.

Honors
The Order of Dannebrog (Knight's Cross), awarded by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark in 1993.

Bibliography
Books written by Goldberger include:

 LSD: Personality and Experience with Harriet Linton Barr, Robert J. Langs, Rober R. Holt & George S. Klein. NY: Wiley Interscience, 1972
 Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science"(Vol. 3))eds. with Victor H. Rosen. NY: International Universities Press, 1974
 Handbook of Stress with Shlomo Breznitz. NY: Free Press, 1982 (end rev. ed, 1993)
 The Rescue of the Danish Jews: Moral Courage Under Stress,(ed.) NY: New York University Press, 1987
  Ideas and Identities: The Life and Work of Erik Erikson (eds.) with Robert S. Wallerstein. Madison, Ct. International Universities Press,. 1989

See also
 Sensory deprivation
 Rescue of the Danish Jews
 Stress (biology)

References

External links
http://www.nyu.psych.edu/goldberger

Living people
1930 births
Danish Jews
20th-century American Jews
American people of Danish descent
21st-century American psychologists
21st-century American Jews
20th-century American psychologists
McGill University alumni


Lost Tapes is an American fiction television series that aired on Animal Planet. Produced by Go Go Luckey Entertainment, the program presents fictional found footage depicting traumatic encounters with creatures cryptozoological, supernatural, mythological or extraterrestrial. Creatures featured include Bigfoot, the chupacabra, vampires, werewolves, and reptilians.

The pilot ("Chupacabra") aired on Animal Planet on October 30, 2008, for Halloween, but the series officially premiered on January 6, 2009. Animal Planet commissioned a second season, which premiered on September 29, 2009. Season 3 premiered on September 28, 2010, with episodes featuring creatures such as zombies and the Kraken. The show also used to air on Planet Green.

Overview
Lost Tapes depicts traumatic scenarios where people are attacked and/or killed by mysterious, dangerous, deadly, wild, and ferocious paranormal cryptids. The series is shot in a mockumentary style. Most episodes begin with a quick introduction of facts, which include interviews with experts explaining scientific theories or facts and folklore behind the episode's titular creature. In the second season, some episodes began with footage of a person being violently attacked and often killed by the episode's creature, an introduction meant to set up the events of each episode. In the third season, every episode had such an introduction. The events of every episode in all three seasons are accompanied by videos of scientists, cryptozoologists, and folklorists giving their very thoughts and opinions of the creatures, which are called Lost Tapes: Revelations.

Episodes

Critical reception

Lost Tapes has received mixed reviews from critics. In a review of the season one DVD, TV Squad writer John Scott Lewinski gave the series a mostly unfavorable review, stating that in the case of this series, "Animal Planet could be accused of repacking a horror/sci-fi show as an animal documentary" and that much of the program is "outright bollocks." He did, however, state that the show holds some appeal for audiences looking for a scare, or "incredibly gullible people." Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave the series three out of five stars, noting that while the acting was "subpar", the show overall was "simultaneously scintillating and bone-chilling."

References

External links

Animal Planet original programming
Cryptozoological television series
2000s American horror television series
2010s American horror television series
2000s American mockumentary television series
2010s American mockumentary television series
2008 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
English-language television shows


Geriatric anesthesia (or geriatric anaesthesia) is the branch of medicine that studies anesthesia approach in elderly.

Origin
The perioperative care of elderly patients differs from that of younger patients for a number of reasons. Some of these can be attributed to the changes that occur in the process of aging, but many are also caused by diseases that accompany seniority. The distinction between so-called normal aging and pathological changes is critical to the care of elderly people. Anesthesia and surgery has become more common as the population survives longer. Perioperative management of the geriatric patients requires knowledges about changes associated with aging physiology and its relation to surgery and anesthesia. Only experienced anesthetists can evaluate patients effectively and plan for their perioperative care to minimize complications. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation of an elderly individual's health status can be a very  challenging aspect, especially for the young anesthetist. Sir William Osler's aphorism "Listen to the patient, he'll give you the diagnosis" is as true in the elderly patient as it is in the young. But in the elderly several factors makes taking history more difficult and time-consuming.

Many differences can be seen in geriatric anesthesia. First, the preoperative evaluation of the geriatric patient is typically more complex than that of the younger patient because of the heterogeneity of this patient group and the greater number and complexity of comorbid conditions that usually accumulate with age. Perioperative functional status can be difficult to predict because many elderly patients have reduced preoperative function as a consequence of deconditioning, age-related disease, or cognitive impairment. This makes it difficult to adequately assess the patient's ability to respond to the specific stresses associated with surgery. A common example is trying to determine cardiopulmonary reserve in a patient very limited by osteoarthritis. Physiologic heterogeneity and decreased functional reserve are also manifested perioperatively. Normal aging results in changes in cardiac, respiratory, and renal physiology, and the response of the elderly patient to surgical stress is often unpredictable. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of elderly and younger patients also differ; moreover, the elderly patient's use of multiple medications may alter homeostatic mechanisms.

Training and education programs

A Syllabus on Geriatric Anesthesiology is available from the American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Online resources are also available as the Geriatric Anesthesiology Curriculum.

Graduate medical education in the United States is regulated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists (AOABOS). Each program must provide “appropriate didactic instruction and sufficient clinical experience in managing problems of the geriatric population.” The published joint ASA/American Board of Anesthesiology content outline for in-training examinations also includes a section on “Geriatric Anesthesia/Aging: The Pharmacological Implications, MAC Changes and the Physiological Implications on Major Organ Systems.” These mandates make geriatric education a requirement for any program in anesthesiology. This is not the rule in all graduate medical education programs. A recent survey by the Association of Directors of Geriatric Academic Programs reviewed ACGME policies required by 100 nonpediatric programs. They found that only 27 of these programs had specific requirements for geriatric training; anesthesiology and pain management were two of these.

Organization and societies
The Society for the Advancement of Geriatric Anesthesia (SAGA) is dedicated to improving the care of the older patient coming to surgery.  It offers educational programs at its annual meeting as well as at meetings of other anesthesia societies.  It also offer educational support for anesthesia training programs. The Age Anaesthesia Society is the UK equivalent of SAGA.

References

External links
 GERIATRIC ANESTHESIA by David J Cook
 The Society for the Advancement of Geriatric Anesthesia (SAGA)
 Age Anaesthesia Society in the UK
 Geriatric Anesthesiology Curriculum
 Useful Geriatric Anesthesiology Resources
 Syllabus on Geriatric Anesthesiology, American Society of Anesthesiologists
 Geriatric Education: ‘Start Low, Go Slow’, ASA NEWSLETTER

Anesthesia
Geriatrics


X-bracing is a structural engineering practice where the lateral load on a building is reduced by transferring the load into the exterior columns.

X-bracing was used in the construction of the 1908 Singer Building, then the tallest building in the world.

Some skyscrapers by engineer Fazlur Khan, such as the 1969 John Hancock Center, have a distinctive X-bracing exterior, allowing for both higher performance from tall structures and the ability to open up the inside floorplan (and usable floor space) if the architect desires.

References

Structural engineering


Maria ("Ria") Van Landeghem (born 19 September 1957 in Sint-Niklaas, East Flanders) is a senior grand masters level female long-distance runner from Belgium, who competed in road race and marathons. She represented her native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics, finishing in 21st place in the women's marathon.

Van Landeghem is a one-time winner (1984) of the Stockholm Marathon. Her personal best is 2:28:11, winning the Twin Cities Marathon in 1988. She won the Boilermaker 15K Race that year.

In 2019, she set the World Masters Athletics record for 60-64 women for the marathon, timing a 3:02:05 (gantry to gantry, not gun time) to defeat Joan Benoit Samuelson, who started ahead and had beaten van Landeghem by seven seconds on the gun time, but was 16 seconds slower on the net time (3:02:21), at the BMW Berlin Marathon.

Achievements

References

1957 births
Living people
Belgian female long-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Belgium
Sportspeople from Sint-Niklaas


Fèlix Maria de Falguera i de Puiguriguer (Spanish: Félix María de Falguera i de Puiguriguer; Mataró, Barcelona, 28 January 1811 -  Barcelona, August 1897) was a Spanish jurist and the country's leading authority in matters of notarial law in the 19th century.

From 1844 on, Puiguriguer taught at the Escuela de Notaría in Barcelona. He also founded the professional journal La Notaría, which published most of his work.

Works
 Teórica del Arte de Notaría, Barcelona, Manuel Saurí y Eudaldo Puig editores, 1875

References

1811 births
1897 deaths
Spanish jurists
Spanish notaries
Lawyers from Barcelona


Ariane Sherine (born 3 July 1980) is a British musical stand-up comedian, comedy writer, author, novelist and journalist. She created the Atheist Bus Campaign, which ran in 13 countries during January 2009.

Career

Sherine has written more than 75 columns for The Guardians Comment & Debate section, and has also written for The Observer, The Spectator, The Sunday Times, The Independent, Independent on Sunday, Esquire magazine, NME, and New Humanist.

She was expelled from school aged 16, and spent her late teens hanging out with the band Duran Duran at their studio. She sang backing vocals and played piano on two tracks at the recording sessions for the Duran Duran album Pop Trash.

She started in journalism aged 21, reviewing albums for NME before coming runner-up in the BBC Talent New Sitcom Writers' Award 2002. She also did six months on the stand-up comedy circuit in 2003, reaching the Final of the Laughing Horse New Act of the Year.

She then wrote comedy for British TV shows including the BBC sitcoms My Family and Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps, and links for the Channel 4 quiz show Countdown after appearing on the show in 2003. In addition, Sherine wrote episodes of several CBBC and CITV shows, including The Story of Tracy Beaker, The New Worst Witch and Space Pirates, before returning to journalism in early 2008.

In 2010, Sherine suffered a major nervous breakdown which she attributed to being violently attacked by a boyfriend while pregnant in 2005, as well as having had a violent childhood. She was diagnosed with generalised anxiety disorder, paranoia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, for which she is on medication. As a result of her breakdown, she did not write for over three years.

Sherine returned to writing for The Guardian at the end of 2013. In 2014, her comedy pop group The Lovely Electric released their debut album. Sherine wrote, performed and co-produced all the tracks. The album received good reviews, and an average of 4.7 stars out of 5 on Amazon.

In 2016, Sherine went back to the stand-up circuit. Her song Love Song for Jeremy Corbyn was featured in the London Evening Standard. Her weekly email Adventures of a Stand-Up Comic was serialised on the UK's leading comedy website, Chortle.

In October 2018, Sherine featured on the front cover of The Times as she was interviewed for T2 about her book on therapy, Talk Yourself Better, which was published by Hachette and featured interviews with celebrities including Stephen Fry, Charlie Brooker David Baddiel and Dolly Alderton.

In April 2019, it was revealed that Sherine had signed a two-book deal for two more self-help titles with Hachette, How to Live to 100 and Happier, both co-writes with David Conrad, a consultant in public health.

In July 2020, Sherine announced her intention to become a pop star called Ariane X, and release her debut album at the end of 2021.

How to Live to 100 was published on 1 October 2020 and featured Sherine interviewing celebrities such as Richard Osman, Derren Brown, Jeremy Vine, Charlie Brooker, Lou Sanders, Jon Holmes, Josie Long, Robin Ince, Robert Llewellyn, Yomi Adegoke, Bec Hill and more on topics related to health and longevity.

In late June 2021, Sherine published a new podcast, Love Sex Intelligence, where she chats candidly and humorously with guests about love, sex, dating, romance and relationships.

Her debut novel Shitcom, which she had written almost 20 years earlier, was self-published almost unedited using Amazon's self-publication service in July 2021. Sherine was interviewed about the book by British Comedy Guide.

In April 2022, Sherine became editor of interiors website These Three Rooms.

Atheism

Sherine started the Atheist Bus Campaign in response to an evangelical Christian bus advertisement which gave the URL of a website "telling non-Christians they would spend 'all eternity in torment in hell', burning in 'a lake of fire'". She was brought up Christian, although her late father was a Unitarian Universalist, while her mother's side of the family are Parsi Zoroastrians (both parents are non-practising). In 2009, Sherine was nominated for Secularist of the Year 2009 (The Irwin Prize), a title awarded by the National Secular Society.

In January 2009, Sherine gave a non-religious equivalent of Thought for the Day on Radio 4's iPM programme. She spoke about accepting the beliefs of others as long as they are expressed peacefully, and how the freedom to hold them is more important than the beliefs themselves.  Sherine's broadcast follows a similar one made by Richard Dawkins in 2002. Despite numerous objections over decades, Thought for the Day continues to be exclusively reserved for religious speakers in its usual slot on Radio 4's Today Programme, on weekday mornings.

In late 2009, Sherine announced that she was ceasing atheist campaigning and returning to journalism and writing a novel. She remains a distinguished supporter of Humanists UK.

Books
In October 2009 the first atheist charity book, The Atheist's Guide to Christmas was released, which Sherine had been editing for the prior six months. The full advance and royalties from the book were donated to the UK HIV charity Terrence Higgins Trust. The book featured contributions from 42 atheist celebrities including Richard Dawkins, Derren Brown, Brian Cox, Charlie Brooker, David Baddiel, Simon Le Bon, Claire Rayner, Jenny Colgan, Josie Long, Simon Singh, Ben Goldacre, Adam Rutherford, Richard Herring and AC Grayling and became a bestseller.

In October 2018, Sherine's self-help book Talk Yourself Better: A Confused Person's Guide to Therapy, Counselling and Self-Help was published by Robinson (Little, Brown) in the UK. Sherine's life story in the book was serialised in the Mail on Sunday and Sherine was a featured guest on BBC Radio 4's Loose Ends.

In April 2019, it was announced that Sherine had signed a further book deal with Robinson for two popular science titles: How To Live To 100, examining the evidence for the benefits of lifestyle changes on increased longevity; and Happier, exploring factors which affect personal happiness and wellbeing.

Philanthropy

In December 2013, Sherine launched a new campaign in The Guardian called Give Just One Thing, linked to a free e-book she had written called Give: How to Be Happy, available from the website givebook.co.uk. The campaign encouraged people to do just one of ten practical actions to improve the world, from signing the Organ Donor register to organising a charity initiative. As part of the campaign, Sherine sold 50% of her possessions in aid of the humanitarian charity Medecins Sans Frontieres.

Personal life

Sherine has written for The Guardian about the physical violence and emotional abuse she received throughout her childhood at the hands of her late father, and about her experiences of domestic abuse during pregnancy from a former boyfriend, and her subsequent abortion. Sherine now has a young daughter, whom she describes as 'my amazingly wonderful girl... I love her to infinity and back'. She wrote and performed a song, "The Best Thing", to celebrate her daughter's 10th birthday.

References

External links

Ariane Sherine's Guardian profile
Ariane Sherine's Blog

1980 births
Living people
21st-century English women writers
British journalists
British people of Parsi descent
English atheists
English humanists
British television writers
Writers from London
English former Christians
British women television writers
21st-century British screenwriters


Colonel Samuel Cockburn (c. 1574 – December 1621) was a Scottish soldier in the service of Sweden who sometimes took the role of (generalfältvaktmästare) a temporary role akin to a major general, but not a fixed rank. He was born around 1574 in Scotland. He entered Swedish service in 1598 where he participated in the Swedish civil war between Sigismund Vasa and his uncle Duke Karl, later Karl IX.

He is listed as one of the Scottish officers who, under the direction of General James Spens, the General of Scottish and English forces in Swedish service, was sent to King James VI and I in 1608/9 seeking levies for Sweden, although one source notes a travel pass for this purpose issued by the Swedes was dated 17 December 1609. A group of officers went with him including Hugh Cochran, Daniel Rogers, Robert Kinnaird, Patrick Ruthven, John Wauchop, George Douglas and William Horne. He served as colonel of a regiment in 1609-10 and took part in Karl IX's and Gustav II Adolf's war in Russia and in the Baltic states.

Cockburn played a leading role in the battle of Novgorod on 16 July 1611, in particular, his regiment blew open the town gates. In July 1612 he was sent by Jacob de la Gardie at Novgorod to Gustav II Adolf to seek payment for Cockburn's troops - some of his regiment had already been sent back to Finland for lack of finances. That year 1612 he obtained 301 homesteads in Ostrobothnia as compensation for a claim of 8,000 dalers. On 1 August 1613 Cockburn's troops landed at Narva. Cockburn was appointed Governor of Dunaw in Livonia, which was called "Fortress Cobron" after him. His regiment also formed part of the Swedish forces lent to Muscovy during the hostilities with Poland-Lithuania from 1614 to 1616. He was at the siege of Augdow and Pskov, and relieved Ladoga. Cockburn's regiment is listed in military payrolls every year from 1611 to 1615, and in 1614 and a register was made of all the sick soldiers under his command. In 1615 there is a note of decommissioning payment for Cockburn and his regiment, and by May 1616 the Swedes were keen to allow the soldiers to rest and recoup in case they were needed again. According to one source his troops mutinied at Narva in 1616 (?) and he then took command of the Karelia troops. Cockburn tried in vain to get reimbursement for his loans to the Crown in June 1616, although Axel Oxenstierna did intervene on Cockburn's behalf with the bailiff of Porvoo who was preventing the Scotsman from earning his keep from his land. Indeed, when the Swedish-Russian peace looked imminent, Cockburn requested a transfer into Russian service, and in December 1617 this was granted by the Swedes. Cockburn was to ensure that he was only used against Poland and that he was to convince the Tsar that the Poles were weak, being engaged in war with the Turks and facing domestic opposition. Although it is intriguing that a Scotsman was considered for such intricate use in Swedish foreign policy, it appears that Cockburn and his fellow officers never did enter Russian service however. Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna intervened on his behalf in October 1616 with the local baillies of Porvoo and Rassborg to leave Cockburn unmolested. There is a letter regarding Cockburn and his regiment dated 5 November 1621. At that point he was in active service on Gustav II Adolf's Livonian campaign in the renewed hostilities against Poland. Cockburn served as the commandant at Duna, near Riga in Livonia. One of the rare times Cockburn's troops were negatively described was when they were quartered in three separate villages. Axel Oxenstierna noted that Cockburn was one of the officers killed by illness by 12 February 1622. Jacob de la Gardie records that colonel Cockburn had died by March 1622, (another source erroneously notes that he died in 1631 in Turku) but he appears to have been buried in 1621 in the Turku Cathedral after a military campaign in Latvia. His brother Johan Cockburn erected a marble monument to his memory. He had been married to Barbara Kinnaird.

Bibliography
H. Almquist, Sverige och Ryssland 1595-1611 (Uppsala, 1907), p. 271
G. Arteus, Till Militärstatens Förhistoria: Krig, professionalisering och social förändring under Vasasönernas regering (Stockholm, 1986), p. 170
T. Cappelan, ed., Finsk Biografisk Handbok, (Helsingfors, 1903), p. 378
Otto Donner, A brief sketch of the Scottish families in Finland and Sweden (Helsingfors, 1884), p. 23
G. Elgenstierna, Svenska Adelns Ättartavlor, vol. 5, p. 537
T. Fischer, The Scots in Sweden (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 72
R. Frost, "Scottish soldiers, Poland-Lithuania and the Thirty Years' War" in S. Murdoch ed. Scotland and the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648 (Brill, 2001), p. 199
A. Grosjean, An Unofficial Alliance: Scotland and Sweden 1569-1654 (Brill, 2003)
G. Göransson, Gustav Adolf och hans folk (Stockholm, 1994), pp. 64, 81, 122 and biographical appendix
Sonia E. Howe (edited), 'Narrative of an Englishman serving against Poland' in The False Dmitri. A Russian Romance and Tragedy, Described by British Eye-Witnesses, 1604-1612, (New York, 1916), pp. 151–183
Steve Murdoch, Network North: Scottish Kin, Commercial and Covert Associations in Northern Europe, 1603-1746 (Brill, Leiden, 2006), p. 256
A. Norberg, Polen i Svensk Politik, 1617-26, (Norrtalje, 1974),p. 52
P. Wieselgren, ed. De La Gardiska Archivet, part 10 (Lund, 1838), p. 22

External links
Scots in Sweden, by Jonas Berg and Bo Lagercrantz, Seventeenth Century.
Riga in the 17th century, by Douglas MacKenzie (1994).
Living history in English, based on Adolf Lindman's Muistiinpanoja Turun tuomiokirkosta (Helsinki 1890), but the death date and place are probably incorrect
Biography (in Finnish) of Samuel Cobron (1574-1621).
Samuel Cobron's role in the Ingrian War, 1610-1617.
SSNE Biographical database.

1621 deaths
1570s births
Scottish mercenaries
Cockburn
Samuel
17th-century soldiers
17th-century Scottish people
Swedish generals
Scottish emigrants to Sweden


Šišić is a South Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aladin Šišić (born 1991), Bosnian footballer
Aldijana Šišić (born 2000), Bosnian footballer
Antonio Šišić (born 1983), Croatian footballer
Emir Šišić, former pilot of SFR Yugoslav Air Force
Ferdo Šišić (1869–1940), Croatian historian
Ismet Šišić (born 1958), Bosnian footballer
Mirnes Šišić (born 1981), Slovenian footballer

Surnames of Bosnian origin


The 1972 France rugby union tour of Australia was a series of nine matches played by the France national rugby union team in Australia in May and June 1972. The French team went through the tour unbeaten by winning eight of its nine matches and drawing the other. France won the two-match test series against Australia (the Wallabies) 1–0 with the other match drawn. As of 2018 this remains France's only series victory on Australian soil.

Results
Scores and results list France's points tally first.

Touring party
 Manager: Réné Dasse
 Assistant Managers: Fernand Cazenave & Michel Celaya
 Captain: Walter Spanghero

Backs
 Pierre Villepreux
 Henri Cabrol
 B Duprat
 J Cantoni
 G Lavagne
 J Trillo
 C Dourthe
 Jean-Pierre Lux
 Jo Maso
 J-L Berot
 A Marot
 Max Barrau
 Jacques Fouroux

Forwards
 Jean-Claude Skrela
 P Biemouret
 Olivier Saisset
 Walter Spanghero
 B Vinsonneau
 Jean-Pierre Bastiat
 Alain Estève
 J Iraçabal
 J-L Azarèl
 Armand Vaquerin
 J-C Rossignol
 A Lubrano
 R Bénésis

France national rugby union team tours
France national rugby union team tours of Australia
History of rugby union matches between Australia and France
France Tour of Australia
France Tour
France Tour


Kirsten Melkevik Otterbu ( May 29 May 1970) is a Norwegian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon.

Biography
In the marathon event she finished 28th at the 2005 World Championships, 13th at the 2006 European Championships, 29th at the 2007 World Championships and 34th at the 2008 Olympic Games. She won the Stockholm Marathon in 2007.

She became Norwegian champion in the 5000 metres in 2006, in the 10,000 metres in 2006 and 2007 and in the half marathon in 2006. She was born in Øystese, and represents the sports club IL Gular.

Melkevik received attention when she changed her legal name from Kirsten Melkevik Otterbu to Kirsten Marathon Melkevik in September 2010.

Personal bests
3000 metres - 8:58.74 min (2008)
5000 metres - 16:00.51 min (2006)
10,000 metres - 32:31.45 min (2008)
Half marathon - 1:10:19 hrs (2006) - fourth among Norwegian half marathon runners, only behind Ingrid Kristiansen, Grete Waitz and Stine Larsen.
Marathon - 2:29:12 hrs (2007) - fourth among Norwegian marathon runners, only behind Ingrid Kristiansen, Grete Waitz and Stine Larsen.

Achievements

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Norwegian female long-distance runners
Norwegian female marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Norway
People from Kvam
Sportspeople from Vestland


The 1979 France rugby union tour of Fiji New Zealand Tahiti was a series of ten matches played in June and July 1979 by the France national rugby union team in Fiji, New Zealand and Tahiti. The team won seven matches and lost three, including defeats to provincial teams Waikato and Southland. They drew their two-match test series against New Zealand national rugby union team, losing the first test but winning the second. The victory in the second test was France's first away victory against New Zealand, gained at the eighth attempt.

Results
Scores and results list France's points tally first.

Test matches

First Test

NEW ZEALAND: Bevan Wilson, Stu Wilson, Bruce Robertson, Lyn Jaffray, Murray Watts, Murray Taylor, Mark Donaldson, Brad Johnstone, Andy Dalton, Gary Knight, Frank Oliver (rep Wayne Graham), Andy Haden, Leicester Rutledge, Gary Seear, Graham Mourie (c)

FRANCE: Jean-Michel Aguirre, Frédéric Costes, Didier Codorniou, Patrick Mesny, Jean-Luc Averous, Alain Caussade, Yves Laffarge, Robert Paparemborde, Philippe Dintrans, Christian Colomine, Francis Haget, Patrick Salas, Jean-Pierre Rives (c), Christian Beguerie, Jean-Luc Joinel.

Second Test

NEW ZEALAND: Bevan Wilson, Stu Wilson, Bruce Robertson, Lyn Jaffray, Murray Watts, Murray Taylor, Mark Donaldson, Brad Johnstone, Andy Dalton, Gary Knight, Frank Oliver, Andy Haden, Leicester Rutledge, Gary Seear, Graham Mourie (c)

FRANCE: Jean-Michel Aguirre, Frédéric Costes, Didier Codorniou, Patrick Mesny, Jean-Luc Averous, Alain Caussade, Jérôme Gallion, Robert Paparemborde, Philippe Dintrans, Daniel Dubroca, Francis Haget, Alain Maleg, Jean-Pierre Rives (c), Christian Beguerie, Jean-Luc Joinel.

Touring party

Manager: Yves Noe
Assistant managers: Fernand Cazenave & Jean Desclaux
Captain: Jean-Pierre Rives

Full backs
Jean-Michel Aguirre (Bagnères)
Serge Blanco (Biarritz)

Three-quarters
Frédéric Costes (Montferrand)
Jean-Luc Averous (La Voulte)
Daniel Bustaffa (Carcassonne)
Didier Codorniou (Narbonne)
Patrick Mesny (Racing Club de France) – replacement during tour
Michel Duffranc (Tyrosse)
Laurent Pardo (Tarbes)

Half-backs
Alain Caussade (Lourdes)
Guy Laporte (Graulhet)
Jérôme Gallion (Toulon)
Yves Lafarge (Montferrand)

Forwards
Yves Malquier (Narbonne)
Christian Beguerie (Agen)
Jean-Luc Joinel (Brive)
Jean-Pierre Rives (Toulouse)
Francis Haget (Biarritz)
Patrick Salas (Narbonne)
Jean-François Marchal (Lourdes)
Alain Maleig (Oloron)
Guy Colomine (Narbonne)
Daniel Dubroca (Agen)
Robert Paparemborde (Pau)
Philippe Dintrans (Tarbes)
Jean-François Perche (Bourg)

References

France
France Tour
Tour
France national rugby union team tours
France national rugby union team tours of New Zealand
France national rugby union team tours of Fiji
Rugby Union


Richard Michael Cockayne Frith (born 8 April 1949) is a British retired Anglican bishop who served as Bishop of Hull and Bishop of Hereford.

Early life
Frith was born into a clerical family on 8 April 1949; his father was Roger Cokayne Frith, sometime canon and Vicar of Feltwell. He was educated at Marlborough College and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He undertook training for ministry at St John's College, Nottingham.

Ordained ministry
Frith was made a deacon at Michaelmas 1974 (6 October) and ordained a priest the Michaelmas following (28 September 1975), both times by Mervyn Stockwood, Bishop of Southwark, at Southwark Cathedral. He began his ordained ministry as a curate in Mortlake, after which he was Vicar of Thamesmead. Following this he was Rector of Keynsham. Finally, before his ordination to the episcopate, he was the Archdeacon of Taunton from 1992.

Frith is also a trustee of maritime welfare charity the Mission to Seafarers.

Episcopal ministry
In January 1999, Frith became suffragan Bishop of Hull.  On 16 July 2014, it was announced that Frith was to become the next Bishop of Hereford. His canonical election was confirmed on 17 October 2014 and he was installed 22 November 2014 in Hereford Cathedral. His retirement has been announced, effective 30 November 2019.

Views
Frith is a supporter of introducing a blessing service to follow a civil same-sex marriage or civil partnership.

Personal life
Frith was married first to Jill Richardson from 1975 until 2000, having four children, and remarried in 2006. His son, James, was the Labour MP for Bury North.

Styles
The Reverend Richard Frith (1974–1992)
The Venerable Richard Frith (1992–1998)
The Right Reverend Richard Frith (1998–present)

References

1949 births
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Alumni of St John's College, Nottingham
Archdeacons of Taunton
20th-century Church of England bishops
21st-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Hull
Living people


Hanro Smitsman, born in 1967 in Breda (Netherlands), is a writer and director of film and television.

Film and Television Credits

Films
Brothers (2017)
Schemer (2010)
Skin (2008)
Raak (aka Contact) (2006)
Allerzielen (aka All Souls) (2005) (segment "Groeten uit Holland")
Engel en Broer (2004)
2000 Terrorists (2004)
Dajo (2003)
Gloria (2000)
Depoep (2001)

Television
20 leugens, 4 ouders en een scharrelei (2013)
De ontmaskering van de vastgoedfraude (TV mini-series, 2013)
Moordvrouw (2012-)
Eileen (2 episodes, 2011)
Getuige (2011)
Vakantie in eigen land (2011)
De Reis van meneer van Leeuwen(2010)
De Punt (2009)
Roes (2 episodes, 2008)
Fok jou! (2006)
Van Speijk (2006)

Awards
In 2005, Engel en Broer won Cinema Prize for Short Film at the Avanca Film Festival.

In 2007, Raak (aka Contact) won the Golden Berlin Bear Award at the Berlin International Film Festival, the Spirit Award at the Brooklyn Film Festival, the first place jury prize for "Best Live Action under 15 minutes" at the Palm Springs International Short Film Festival, and the Prix UIP Ghent Award for European Short Films at the Flanders International Film Festival.

In 2008, Skin won the Movie Squad Award at the Nederlands Film Festival, an actor in the film also won the Best Actor Award.  It also won the Reflet d’Or for Best Film at the Cinema tous ecrans Festival in Geneva in the same year.

References

External links
 Hanro Smitsman  at the Internet Movie Database

1967 births
Living people
Dutch film directors
People from Breda


Satyameva Jayate ( Truth will win) is a 2009 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by Jeevitha Rajasekhar. It is a remake of 2004 Hindi movie Khakee and stars Rajasekhar, Shivaji, Sai Kiran, Neetu Chandra, Sanjjanaa Galrani and Sheryl Pinto. The music was composed by Chinna. The movie did not fare well at the box office.

Plot
DCP Sathya (Dr Rajashekhar) and his team are on an escorting mission to safely bring Ansari (Atul Kulkarni) from Vizag to Hyderabad. Ranadev (Milind Soman) and his team are out to eliminate Ansari on the orders of the Home minister (Sayaji Shinde). How DCP Sathya saves Ansari and the repercussions form the story.

Cast
Rajasekhar as DCP Sathya
Shivaji as Prathap
Neetu Chandra as Basara Papa
Sanjjanaa Galrani as Sanjana
Milind Soman as Ranadev (International Terrorist)
Sayaji Shinde as Anand Rao
Raghu Babu as Raghu IAS Comissioner
Ali as Rama Rao, Sathya's friend
Atul Kulkarni as Dr. Iqbal Ansari
Sheryl Pinto
Sai Kiran as Police Officer in DSP Sathya team
Brahmanandam as Nandagopal "Nandu"
Ahuti Prasad as Swamy Naidu IPS (Commissioner)

Production
Rajasekhar revealed that he took the basic plot of Khakee and he himself created a different screenplay for Telugu version.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by S. Chinna and released by Aditya Music.

References

External links

2009 films
Indian action films
2000s Telugu-language films
Telugu remakes of Hindi films
2009 action films


{{Infobox Australian football club
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                                                                                QFA Division 2 North
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| coach           = Men Seniors - Nemani Valucava

Men Reserves - Craig Pendlebury and Lee Fathers

Women Seniors - Ty Hodkin

Women Reserves - Wayne Pitman
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The Kedron Football Club is an Australian rules football club based in Kedron, Queensland.

Located on Brisbane's inner North, the Kedron Football Club works side by side with its sister club, the Kedron Districts Junior Football Club,  to provide the opportunity for boys and girls, men and women, to play football across all age groups.

The Senior Club fields senior four teams in the South East Queensland Senior competition and the Junior Club fields numerous under age teams in the South East Queensland Junior competition.

The senior teams currently fielded are :-

 Women's teams in QFAW Division 1 Seniors & Reserves
 Men's teams in QFA Division 2 (North) Seniors & Reserves

 History
 Kedron Football Club
The Kedron Football Club was formed in 1937 by past pupils of Kedron and Wooloowin State Schools and debuted in the QANFL that year. Although nicknamed the Redlegs, their official emblem was the Lion and the club wore sky blue and red as their colours, however in 1982 they adopted the royal blue and red guernsey as worn by Melbourne Football Club. In both 1939 and 1940 they reached the Grand Final, losing to Windsor on each occasion. They made the Grand Final for the third successive year in 1941 and this time claimed their maiden premiership with a win over Mayne. Kedron, who won back to back premierships in 1943/44 and appeared in every Grand Final from 1946 to 1950, established themselves as Queensland's strongest club in the 1940s. In each of those premiership deciders, Kedron took on Windsor and came out on top in 1946 and 1948. After claiming another premiership in 1959, Kedron suffered a drought until 1980 when they beat Coorparoo by 48 points to win the Grand Final.

Merger
In 1990 the Kedron Football Club and the Wilston-Grange Football Club formed a team known as the "Kedron Grange Football Team" to compete in the Queensland Australian Football League.

The amalgamated team was known as the "Demons" and wore the Wilston-Grange striped jersey with Kedron red socks. The club played for seven seasons in this form, losing the 1994 Grand Final to Morningside by two points.

At the end of 1996 the merged team disbanded with both parties to the merger relying on their junior clubs to continue in the underage competitions.

Senior Football Returns
Women's Football - In 2003 under the Kedron Junior Club's umbrella, Kedron fielded a team "The Lady Lions" in the newly formed senior women's competition. Kedron did not field a women's team in 2014/15 but in 2016, after a two year hiatus, senior women's football returned to E. K. Anderson Oval and in 2017 the team was runner up in the grand final.     On 25 August 2019 the Lady Lions met top of the ladder and flag favourite Burleigh Heads at Leyshon Park, Yeronga, for the QFAW Division 1 premiership. On that day, one of the proudest in the club's history, the Women of Kedron created their own piece of history by winning the Kedron Football Club's inaugural Women's premiership.  This historic win was made more remarkable in that before round 15 the Lady Lions were outside the final four and won six games straight on their way to Grand Final glory.''  Final Score: Kedron 6.6 - 42 Burleigh Heads 5.8 - 38

Men's Football - Then by 2006 once again with the Junior Club's support after a 2 year merger between Strathpine, Mayne and Kedron to form 'Central Districts Cougars' Under 18s - based out of Kedron FC, a senior men's team returned to open age football via the Queensland State Association division. The men won the flag that year with captain Travis McMain winning League Best & Fairest and Denny 'Willo' Willoughby winning Leading Goalkicker for the season including a competition record of 18 goals in one game.  Stevo Rees finished Runner Up by 1 goal.  The team was runners up in 2010 and in 2015, playing in the QAFA (B) competition, they were undefeated premiers and as a consequence in 2016 the club fielded men's senior and reserves teams in the QAFA (A) competition.

Honours

Premierships
 QAFL: (7) 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1948, 1959, 1980
 QFA: (2) 2007, 2010
 QFAW Division 1: (1) 2019
Grogan Medalists (6)

 Tom Gould (Kedron) - 1963, 1965
 Gary Wah Hing (Kedron) - 1966
 Kelvin Mills (Kedron) - 1970
 Greg Packham (Kedron) - 1986
 Dean Warren (Kedron Grange) - 1993

 AFL Queensland Hall of Fame (10)

 Norm Dare
 Erwin Dornau
 Brian Fallis
 Tom Gould
 Marc Housley
 Lindsay Jacob
 Kelvin Mills
 Gordon "Freckles" Phelan
 Barry Robert-Thompson
 Col Taylor

References

External links

 Kedron Lions on Facebook

Kedron Grange
Australian rules football clubs in Brisbane
1937 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1937
Kedron, Queensland


Elisabeta Polihroniade (; née Ionescu; 24 April 1935 – 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player holding the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM), and an International Arbiter (1986). She was born in Bucharest.

She won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977. Polihroniade played for Romania in the Women's Chess Olympiads of 1966, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986 and 1988.

Her peak rating was 2391, achieved in February 1992,.

Polihroniade was a journalist and broadcaster, with her own daily radio programme on contemporary culture. She was the editor of Gambit, the Romanian chess magazine, and wrote many books.

Notable chess games
Valentina Kozlovskaya vs Elisabeta Polihroniade, 3rd olw final 1966, Modern Defense (A42), 0-1
Elisabeta Polihroniade vs Leonid Shamkovich, Cup World (open) 1989, Sicilian Defense (B43), 1-0

References

External links

Elisabeta Polihroniade chess games at 365Chess.com
Obituary - Elisabeta Polihroniade, FIDE

1935 births
2016 deaths
Chess woman grandmasters
Romanian female chess players
Romanian chess players
Chess arbiters
Chess players from Bucharest
Place of death missing


Ernst Casimir II of Ysenburg and Büdingen (14 December 1806, Büdingen – 16 February 1861, Büdingen) was the second Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen. Ernst Casimir was the eldest son and second eldest child of Ernst Casimir I, 1st Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen and his wife Countess Ferdinande of Erbach-Schönberg.

Education and military service
At the age of 12, Ernst Casimir attended the Royal Prussian Pädagogium in Halle. After passing Maturum in 1826, Ernst Casimir studied first at the University of Giessen and later at the Berlin College of History and Archeology. To learn the French language, he held temporarily studied in Basel and Geneva. Ernst Casimir also served for several years in the Imperial and Royal Army of the Austrian Empire. On 1 November 1848, succeeded to the title of Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen upon the abdication of his father.

Marriage and issue
Ernst Casimir married Countess Thekla of Erbach-Fürstenau, fourth eldest daughter of Albrecht, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau and his wife Princess Emilie of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Ingelfingen, on 8 September 1836 in Beerfelden. Ernst Casimir and Thekla had five children:

Bruno Casimir Albert Emil Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen (born 14 June 1837 in Büdingen; died 26 January 1906 in Büdingen)
 ∞ Princess Mathilde of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1842–1867) on 31 July 1862 in Lich, had two issue
 ∞ Countess Bertha of Castell-Rüdenhausen (1845–1927) on 30 September 1869 in Rüdenhausen, had eight issue

Prince Adalbert of Ysenburg and Büdingen (born 17 February 1839 in Büdingen; died 29 August 1885 in Kennenberg)
 ∞ Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Büdingen in Wächtersbach (1855–1932) on 18 November 1875 in Wächtersbach, no issue

Princess Emma Ferdinande Emilie of Ysenburg and Büdingen (born 23 February 1841 in Büdingen; died 22 April 1926 in Rüdenhausen)
 ∞ Wolfgang, Prince of Castell-Rüdenhausen  (1830–1913) on 17 May 1859 in Büdingen, had nine issue

Princess Agnes Marie Luitgarde of Ysenburg and Büdingen (born 20 March 1843 in Büdingen; died 17 October 1912 in Meerholz)
 ∞ Karl, Count of Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz (1819–1900) on 21 November 1865 in Büdingen, had five issue, among which:
 Count Friedrich of Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz, who married Princess Marie Reuss of Greiz (daughter of Heinrich XX, Prince Reuss of Greiz), no issue
 Countess Gisela of Ysenburg and Büdingen in Meerholz, who married Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Lippe (son of Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) and had a daughter, Princess Calixta of Lippe

Prince Lothar of Ysenburg and Büdingen (born 27 September 1851 in Büdingen; died 23 February 1888 in Wiesbaden)
 ∞ Countess Jacqueline Worbert of Wassenaer-Starrenburg (1853–1930) on 19 August 1875 in Almelo, no issue

References
Herman Haupt (Hrsg.): Hessische Biografien. Band I, Lieferung 1. Großherzoglich hessischer Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1912

1806 births
1861 deaths
People from Büdingen
House of Isenburg-Büdingen
Princes of Ysenburg and Büdingen
Members of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse


The Saint Lucian records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Saint Lucia, which are recognised and ratified by the Saint Lucia Aquatics Association (SLAF).

All records were set in finals unless noted otherwise.

Long Course (50 m)

Men

Women

Mixed relay

Short Course (25 m)

Men

Women

References

External links
 SLAF web site

Saint Lucia
Records
Swimming


The 1981 France rugby union tour of Australia was a series of matches played by the France national rugby union team in Australia in June 1981. The French team lost both their international matches against the Australia national rugby union team.

Matches
Scores and results list France's points tally first.

France national rugby union team tours
France national rugby union team tours of Australia
History of rugby union matches between Australia and France
France Tour of Australia
France Tour
France Tour


New England Female Medical College (NEFMC), originally Boston Female Medical College, was founded in 1848 by Samuel Gregory and was the first school to train women in the field of medicine. It merged with Boston University to become the Boston University School of Medicine in 1874.

History
Prior to 1847 when Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to enroll in a United States medical school by entering the Geneva Medical College, many women such as Harriot Kezia Hunt had served as family physicians, but women were denied attendance at medical lectures and examinations. Blackwell set a new standard for women everywhere, helping them gain entrance into the medical world by claiming that women had something unique to offer medicine that men could not.

The American Medical Education Society, formed in Boston in 1848, was created exclusively to promote the medical education of women. After the name was changed to the Female Medical Education Society to more accurately reflect the fact that the focus was specifically on the education of women, the Society was incorporated and officially recognized by the Massachusetts Legislature on April 30, 1850. The Society's first classes, offered under the name Boston Female Medical School, were held in the home of Boylston Medical School President Dr. Winslow Lewis. The goal of the Female Medical Education Society was to establish a medical school in Boston, complete with its own teaching hospital, to teach women midwifery and nursing with the expectation that they would treat women and children. By 1852, this school was called the New England Female Medical College. Even in a time of gender prejudice, the foundation of the College was accepted by many as it "provided women with a socially sanctioned position in a feminized occupation."

In 1851, the Female Medical Education Society discussed a merger with the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania (later the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania), and briefly shared faculty with the other school. The two schools also shared a debate over which could rightfully claim to be "the first" women's medical school: the WMCP received its formal charter a month before the NEFMC, but did not begin instruction until 1850, while the NEFMC was offering regular classes beginning in late 1848. Dated from the beginning of instruction, the NEFMC is widely recognized today as the first institution in the United States to offer medical education exclusively to women.

On May 27, 1857, by an act of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Female Medical Education Society was formally reorganized as the New England Female Medical College, with the board members of the Society now serving as Trustees of the College.

In 1870 the New England Female Medical College building was dedicated on a lot between East Concord and Stoughton Streets, giving the school its own home after 22 years of existence. However, the school faced growing financial constraints, and after 26 years, having granted medical degrees to 98 women, the New England Female Medical College merged with Boston University to become the co-educational Boston University School of Medicine in 1874.

Foundation
The main motivation for the school’s foundation was the belief that male physicians should not generally assist in childbirth. Founder Samuel Gregory saw what he called "man-midwifery" as unnatural and improper and believed that women should be given formal medical education in order to become certified midwives and attend to their own sex.

Gregory argued that the U.S. was the only country in the world where women were dependent on men for aid in childbirth and that male midwives caused unnecessary embarrassment to women. He advocated for midwifery to become a feminine occupation exclusively in the hands of women. At the time, there was increasing support for the idea that, by dividing medical labors between the sexes (particularly giving women the role in childbirth), different departments could be more efficient and effective. Gregory argued that midwifery was a simple, mechanical routine that was acceptable for women, but beneath male physicians, and that men should be happy to hand it off to women and dedicate their time to other medical fields where they would be able to employ their full mental capacity.

Additionally, Gregory believed that females would be more likely to avoid using drugs and medical instruments during childbirth, and instead allow for nature to run its course while comforting patients, which he thought would lead to fewer fatalities during childbirth.

Although it was seen as controversial, Gregory drew support for the establishment of the first female medical college with the help of Lemuel Shattuck and Harriet Beecher Stowe, the Female Medical Education Society, which wanted to provide education for women to become midwives, nurses and physicians, and the public belief that women were well adapted for being midwives as a result of their feminine nature.

Students
The first term of classes began on November 1, 1848 with a class of twelve students from across New England, New York and Ohio enrolled at Boston Female Medical College. By 1852, the college had changed its name to the New England Female Medical College in the annual reports published by the Female Medical Education Society.

On November 9, 1859 the Ladies' Medical Academy with a free clinic was established in connection with the school on Summer Street in Boston. The institution's goals were the education of interested women in medical subjects, nursing practices, midwifery, and the training of female physicians. The Ladies' Medical Academy awarded the Doctor of Medicine degree to four women in 1860, and two Diplomas in Midwifery were granted. There were some forty students in all by 1861. The Ladies Medical Academy appears to have been absorbed by New England Female Medical College shortly after its founding.

Throughout its 27 years, over 300 women attended classes and 98 women received doctoral degrees, with fewer than five students graduating each year, on average. Basic graduation requirements consisted of previous medical study, two years of attendance at NEFMC, a final thesis, and passing a final exam.

The majority of the school’s budget was provided by charitable contributions allowing for many students to be given the opportunity to study there through the Massachusetts State Scholarship Fund. All women applicants with proper preliminary educations were able to apply for scholarships to the college. Without a scholarship, starting tuition was $25 per term with room and board costs of $2 per week.

A list of 98 graduates of the school was published in 1905 by Harvey King.

Notable alumni
 Dr. Rebecca Davis Lee Crumpler graduated from the New England Female Medical College in 1864 and was the first African American woman to earn a medical degree.
 Dr. Mary Harris Thompson graduated in 1863 and went on to establish the Chicago Hospital for Women and Children.
 Dr Esther Hill Hawks graduated in 1857.
Dr. Lucy W. Abell began study in 1857 and was one of the first homeopathic doctors in Massachusetts.
Dr. Helen Morton graduated in 1862 and became an obstetrician in Paris and Boston.

Faculty
From its start in 1848 until the mid-1850s, there were two faculty members whose lesson plans focused mainly on midwifery. In later years, both the curriculum and teaching staff grew, with five to seven faculty members providing a full medical education to students comparable to that of other medical schools of the time.

One of the most notable faculty members was Dr. Maria Zakrzewska who believed that young women should pursue a medical degree because of “an innate interest and talent for practicing medicine as well as the love for the science of it,” not just because of their empathy towards women and children.

Failure
Many, including some faculty members, saw NEFMC as inadequate and inferior to medical schools for male students. The most prominent example of this was Gregory’s opinion that scientific instruments offered little to doctors whose job is to treat a sick individual, while others, including Zakrzewska, saw these instruments as a way to study diseases and view medicine in a scientific context. Zakrzewska left the college because she disagreed with Gregory’s beliefs and called him and the rest of the faculty “quacks” for being too focused on curing diseases and instead teaching students the scientific foundations of medicine.

References

Further reading
Frederick C. Waite History of the New England Female Medical College. Boston, Boston University School of Medicine, 1950. 132 p.
"Female Medical College of 100 Years Ago Had Two Professors and Not Even a Skeleton", O'Brien, Mary; Daily Boston Globe (1928-1960); Oct 21, 1948; p. 20.

Embedded educational institutions
Educational institutions established in 1848
Boston University
Universities and colleges in Boston
1848 establishments in Massachusetts


Thomas Penny White (1777, Marylebone, London – 24 July 1845, Winchester) was an English clergyman.

Thomas Penny White was born in 1777 in Marylebone, London. He attended Queens' College, Cambridge and graduated B.A. 1802 (Senior Wrangler) and M.A. 1805. He became a Fellow of the College and presented a £30 annual prize. He was Minister of St John the Baptist's Chapel, Winchester, Rector of Droxford, Hampshire.

On 3 December 1812 he married Charlotte Eliza Channing - she was born in 1791 - at St Mary's Church, Marylebone Road, London. They had at least two sons, one, Arthur David White, born 1815 who died in 1899.

Thomas Penny died at his house in Winchester on 24 July 1845. Charlotte outlived him by nearly sixteen years dying at Notting Hill, London on 16 January 1861.

References

Queens' College page

1777 births
1845 deaths
Clergy from Marylebone
19th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
Fellows of Queens' College, Cambridge


Fanny Blomé (born 1989 in Norrköping) is a Swedish model and the former Miss Earth Sweden titleholder. She was succeeding Ivana Gagula in October 2008 and represented Sweden in one of the world's three biggest international contests, Miss Earth. The beauty pageant which has focus on environment took place in the Philippines (November 2008). Blomé was one of two Swedish citizens in the Miss Earth 2008 pageant, alongside Miss Kosovo, Yllka Berisha. Blomé was one of few blondes in the contest.

Blomé had a great career on the rise played as basketball player in Norrköping Dolphins but quit and joined the Swedish Armed Forces. She was chief of her platoon when she entered the Swedish military in the northeast part of Sweden, Boden, in 2009.

Blomé was also a contestant in Sweden's version of Top Model some years back along with her two years older sister.

References

External links
Fanny Blomé is Miss Earth Sweden

1989 births
Miss Earth 2008 contestants
Living people
Swedish female models


The Wilston Grange Football Club is an Australian rules football club which competes in the Queensland Australian Football League. It is based in inner-northern Brisbane and fields senior men's and women's, masters, youth and junior teams.  The club's home at Hickey Park, Stafford, also hosts the largest AFL9s league in Queensland.

History
Wilston Grange was formed in 1945 as "Wilston Football Club", renamed Wilston Grange in 1947 and entered the QANFL in 1950. Their original home ground was Emerson Park, Grange, and the club relocated to Hickey Park for the 1964 season.  That year, VFL superstar Ron Barassi was the guest of honour at the opening of the oval, which was broadcast live on Brisbane radio.

An earlier Wilston Football Club had operated from the early 1930s to 1939 but ceased operation over the war years.

The Wilston Grange club colours are royal blue, red and white. The Gorillas, as they are known, made five Grand Finals in the league for premierships in 1955, 1969 and 1972.  The Gorillas' 1969 premiership was remarkable in that they had finished next to last the previous season.  The 1972 team was coached by the legendary Alan Killigrew and won the Grand Final by a record 84 points, defeating Sandgate.  Champion players over the years have included Fred Coulthurst, Allan Ahlberg, Ken Grimley, Jim Conlon, Keith Leach, Syd Guildford, Barry Clarke and Scott McIvor. High flying full forward Steve Taylor notched a century of goals in four consecutive seasons from 1969 to 1972.

At the end of the 1989 season, Wilston Grange and Kedron merged to form the Kedron Grange Football Club.  The club played for seven seasons in this form, losing the 1994 Grand Final to Morningside by two points.

At the end of 1996 the merged club collapsed.  Both parties to the merger relied on their junior clubs to continue in junior competitions.

Wilston Grange had recommenced senior football operations in 1995 with full links to the Kedron Grange operation. The new lower based level club won the AFL Queensland State League Division 2 Grand Final in 1997.  In the following years they competed in several restructured AFL Queensland competitions being promoted through success on field and strong facility development at Hickey Park.

The club was re-admitted to the QAFL State League in 2014, returning top-flight football to Hickey Park and reigniting many old rivalries, complemented by strong Supers, Masters and Junior operations which have been boosted by the foundation of a women's team in 2014 that competes in the QWAFL State League.

Honours

Club
 Queensland Australian Football League (3): 1955, 1969, 1972

Individual
Grogan Medalists (5)
 Jim Conlon - 1960
 Keith Leach - 1961, 1962
 Merv Appleyard - 1968
 Ken Garcia - 1969
 Barry Clarke - 1972, 1976
 Dean Warren - 1993

AFLQ Team of Century Members (4)
 Keith Leach
 Ken Grimley
 Barry Clarke
 Scott McIvor

AFLQ Hall of Fame Members (11)
 Keith Leach
 Ken Grimley
 Barry Clarke
 Scott McIvor
 Merv Appleyard
 Syd Guildford
 Graham Jewell
 Clint Bizzell
 Dean Warren (Administration)
 Ralph Geschke (Coaching)
 Ron Lockens (Photographic Library)

Ray Hughson Medalist - Leading Goal Kicker (11)
 Ken Grimley 1956
 Les Periera 1961
 Steve Taylor 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972
 Barry Clarke 1978
 Brett Grimley 1987

External links

Official website
Wilston Grange Football Club's Full Points Footy page

Wilston Grange
Australian rules football clubs in Brisbane
1945 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1945


The 1986 France rugby union tour of Argentina, Australia and New Zealand was a series of eight matches played by French national rugby union team touring those countries between May and June 1986.

For the first time, a test match played by Argentina was arranged at the José Amalfitani Stadium, the ground of football team Vélez Sarsfield.

Matches
 Test matches

References

France
France national rugby union team tours of Argentina
France national rugby union team tours of Australia
France national rugby union team tours of New Zealand
France national rugby union team tours
Tour
France Tour
Rugby Union


Steel City Confessions is a crime novel by the American writer Thomas Lipinski set in 1990s Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

It tells the story of Pittsburgh private detective Carroll Dorsey, who investigates parish priest Tom Crimmins in the gunning down of man, whose wife may have been having an affair with Father Tom. Simultaneously, Dorsey becomes the target of a vendetta by Pittsburgh District Attorney Douglas Turner.

The novel is the third in a series of four Carroll Dorsey mysteries.

Sources
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2006.

External links
  Book Page @ Amazon.com

1999 American novels
American crime novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Avon (publisher) books


The 1990 France rugby union tour of Australia was a series of matches played in June 1990 in Australia by France national rugby union team

Matches
Scores and results list France's points tally first.

France national rugby union team tours
France national rugby union team tours of Australia
History of rugby union matches between Australia and France
France Tour of Australia
France Tour
France Tour


Louis Armary (born Betpouey, 24 July 1963) is a former French rugby union footballer. He played as a prop and as a hooker.

Club career
Armary spent most of his career at FC Lourdes, where he played from 1980/81 to 1999/00. He spent a final season at Union Sportive Argelès-Gazost, as player-coach, in 2000/01.

International career
He won 46 caps with France, from 1986 to 1995, scoring a try. He played in three Rugby World Cup finals, in 1987, 1991 and 1995. He played a single game at the 1987 Rugby World Cup and at the 1991 Rugby World Cup, without scoring. He would play four games at the 1995 Rugby World Cup, once again remaining scoreless.

He played seven times in the Five Nations, in 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995, winning the first time, ex-aequo with Wales.

Post sports activity
In March 2015, he was elected, with Chantal Robin-Rodrigo, to the Hautes-Pyrénées departmental council, representing the Canton of La Vallée des Gaves.

References

External links
Louis Armary International Statistics

1963 births
Living people
French rugby union players
France international rugby union players
French rugby union coaches
Rugby union props
Rugby union hookers
Departmental councillors (France)
FC Lourdes players
Sportspeople from Hautes-Pyrénées
Rugby union players from Occitania (administrative region)
1987 Rugby World Cup players
1991 Rugby World Cup players
1995 Rugby World Cup players


Ella is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 1030 feet (314 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Bill Freiberger is a writer and producer for such shows as The Simpsons, Drawn Together, The PJs, and Sonic Boom.

TV series' episodes written by Freiberger
Get a Life
"Roots"
"Paper Boy 2000"
Charlie Hoover
"Anniversary"
Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (live action)
"It's a Totally Wonderful Life"
Herman's Head
"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Dying"
"Guns 'n' Neurosis"
"Twisted Sister"
"Sperm 'n' Herman"
"The Waterton-gate Break-In"
"The One Wherein They Go on the Love Boat"
"Cat's in the Cradle"
"Love and the Single Parent"
"When Hermy Met Crawford's Daughter"
"When Hairy Met Hermy"
"When Hermy Met Maureen McCormick"
"When Hermie Met Crawford's Girlfriend"
Hardball
"My Name is Hard B"
"The Butt Winnick Story"
Thunder Alley
"Workin' Man's Blues"
Men Behaving Badly (a.k.a. It's a Man's World)
"I Am What I Am"
"Sarah's Vestigial Organ"
The Simpsons
"She of Little Faith"
The PJs
"The HJs"
"How the Super Stoled Christmas"
"Rich Man, Porn Man"
"Operation Gumbo Drop"
Drawn Together
"Xandir and Tim, Sitting in a Tree"
"Ghostesses in the Slot Machine"
"Terms of Endearment"
Sonic Boom
"Robots from the Sky: Part 1"
"Robots from the Sky: Part 2"
"Robots from the Sky: Part 3"
"Robots from the Sky: Part 4"

Voices
Sonic Boom - Comedy Chimp, Lady Walrus

External links

References

American television writers
American male television writers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Eunice is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 781 feet (238 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Rihand Dam  also known as Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar, is the second largest dam of India by volume (storage) next only to Indira Sagar of Madhya Pradesh. The reservoir of Rihand Dam is called Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar and is India's  largest artificial lake. Rihand Dam is a concrete gravity dam located at Pipri in Sonbhadra District in Uttar Pradesh, India. Its reservoir area is on the border of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the Rihand River, a tributary of the Son River. The catchment area of this dam extends over Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh whereas it supplies irrigation water in Bihar located downstream of the river.

Specifications
Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar is the largest man made lake in India.  Rihand dam is a concrete gravity dam with a length of 934.45 m. The maximum height of the dam is 91.46 m and was constructed during period from 1954–62. The dam consists of 61 independent blocks and ground joints. The powerhouse is situated at the toe of the dam, with installed capacity of 300 MW (6 units of 50 MW each). The Intake Structure is situated between blocks no. 28 and 33. The Dam is in distress condition. It is proposed to carry out the rehabilitation works in the dam and the powerhouse. The F.R.L. of the dam is  and it impounds 8.6 Million Acre feet of water. The construction of the dam resulted in forced relocation of nearly 100,000 people

Many super thermal power stations are located in the catchment area of the dam. These are Singrauli, Vindyachal, Rihand, Anpara & Sasan super thermal power stations and Renukoot thermal station. The high alkalinity run off water from the ash dumps (some are located in the reservoir area) of these coal-fired power stations ultimately collects in this reservoir enhancing its water alkalinity and pH range. Using high alkalinity water for irrigation converts the agriculture fields in to fallow Alkali soils.

Dams and Development

As the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru was determined to make India economically self-reliant and self-sufficient in its food production.  Nehru waged an aggressive dam building campaign, drastically expanding infrastructure left by the British Raj, who "had put down 75,000 miles of irrigation canals to water the subcontinent’s most valuable farmland."  Nehru believed dams held the key for growth and the achievement of his economic goals for India.  At the opening of the Bhakra Dam in 1963, he referred to the dam as "the temple of a free India, at which I worship."  The taming of rivers throughout India marked the dawn of a new, independent and most importantly free India that would finally be able to make use of its resources on its terms, enriching its people in the process.  To this day, India continues to build dams throughout to achieve these ambitious economic goals.

Background
Before the dam was built, Renukoot, the town in which it was built, was a primarily agrarian locale.  The region lacked basic modern features such as adequate transportation and roads, and electricity, but the prospect of arable land provided a boon for local villages to farm and sustain themselves.  Authorities recognized the potential for growth in the region, as Sonbhadra was home to vast natural resources including coal, forests with various types of trees such as sal, bamboo, khair, and salal.  Building a dam to harness the power of the Rihand would represent a first step in developing the region and bringing industry to it.

British colonial authorities were interested in building a dam on the Rihand River as early as 1940.  The construction of a dam had the potential to improve irrigation in the region, as well, and held the promise of generating hydro-electric power.  In 1952, the Independent Indian government sanctioned survey work; construction began in 1954 and was completed in 1962.

Social Impact
The construction of the Rihand Dam has catalyzed the transformation of the Singrauli region from an agrarian society into an industrial one.  Greenpeace found “the social and demographic profile of the area has undergone a significant transformation with the massive industrial changes to the landscape.”  This influx of industry, primarily energy and manufacturing interests, has allowed the region to grow and power the growing Indian economy.   Despite this growth, serious questions over the nature of these development projects remain, as tens of thousands of locals were forced to relocate for the construction of the Rihand Dam, and tens of millions throughout India as a consequence of the construction of dams throughout the country.  Critics allege that growth takes priority over human welfare, with safety precautions in work environments severely lacking and little care taken to protect the environment.  Despite being built 60 years ago, these impacts are longstanding.

Economic Impact
In terms of achieving economic growth and development for Indian authorities and business interests, the Rihand Dam has been an unmitigated success.  The construction of the dam allowed for the Singrauli region to expand rapidly in the ensuing years, with various industries emerging in the region.  Local industries produce a wide range of goods, such as commercial vehicles, mining equipment, locomotives, telecommunication cables, and power generation equipment.  To facilitate this growth, the Indian government subsequently purchased thousands of acres of land in neighboring villages and throughout the district of Madhya Pradesh to sell to industrialists.  These plants required tens of thousands of workers to operate them, creating opportunities for Indians to earn better wages.  Singh points out firms did not hire the locals displaced by the dam.  Instead, the government and companies chose to hire laborers from other regions within India.

As these other industries arose, coal remained the driving force behind the expansion of the Singrauli economy.  With nine billion tons of coal reserves, Singrauli has long been viewed as “India’s energy capital;” its vast coal reserves, discovered in 1840, have long attracted mining companies and state planners sought to harvest this resource to power the industry that eventually came to dominate the area.  Coal mining increased precipitously in the decades after the construction of Rihand; By 1980, production totaled around six million tons and at the time Singh wrote his article, was expected to reach 30 million tons by 1995 and eventually eclipse 75 million tons amounting to more than half of India’s entire production of coal in 1983.

Environmental Impact
As the Indian government’s primary concern has been to foster growth, it has often chosen the most expedient route to achieve its goals, at the expense of the environment.  The construction of the Rihand Dam was only the beginning of industrialization in the Singrauli region.  As state and private entities have continued to develop the region, pollution has increased, threatening the environment and wellbeing of residents, while taking valuable farmland.  Pollution from industry has harmed the health of local residents, as well.  Fluoride contamination in the dam’s reservoir water pollutes groundwater, consequently affecting drinking water and agriculture.  Researchers estimate that more than 60 million people from 17 states deal with the effects of dental, skeletal, or non-skeletal fluorosis, a chronic condition caused by excessive intake of fluorine compounds, marked by mottling of the teeth and, if severe, calcification of the ligaments.  While some fluoride contamination may be caused by natural processes, human activities such as coal and mineral mining and the operation of thermal power plants have led to increased pollution.  Coupled with increased demands for water, more residents are consequently forced to drink this contaminated water.

Despite the ramifications of this industry, the Indian government has often willfully ignored the consequences.  On January 13, 2010, the Ministry of Environment and Forests halted all mining in the region until environmental concerns were addressed.  Indian officials from the Central Pollution Control Board and researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology found the area to be “critically polluted,” but mining was allowed to continue in July 2011.  This tension between immediate growth and environmental safeguards continues, as Indian authorities continue to push for more money (energy production and economic growth), ignoring the concerns of local governments and the lives of these people.

Forced Relocation
The most significant consequence of the construction of the Rihand Dam has been the internal displacement of local tribes.  Development projects throughout India have led to the forced migration of tens of millions with India, creating a phenomenon that Indian environmental activist Parshuram Ray dubs “Development Induced Displacement.”  After British colonial rule, the Indian government ambitiously sought to develop their newly independent country.  The state facilitated the construction of dams, mega dams, mines, factories, and irrigation projects.   Despite governments making promises to these groups, little action has been taken to alleviate their suffering.  Researchers estimate the number of displaced persons for dam projects across India to top 50 million and believe official statistics often understate the true level of destruction that these projects bring to mask their true cost.  Despite this forced relocation across India being rather commonplace, the government is most likely violating its own constitution, which guarantees its citizens a right to life.  But there is little political will to address or contest this, and authorities have no impetus to change their practices.

By 1960, the dam was nearing completion and almost ready to be put into use. 108 villages containing 50,000 people were immediately put at risk, but the government provided no assistance to assist their relocation.  Instead, in May–June 1961, 20,000 locals went to protest the lack of government action to protect their welfare.  Instead of acknowledging the protestors' concerns, the local Deputy Commissioner instead sent two thousand policemen to force the protestors home and ordered the dam gates to be closed, forcing people from their homes with only 24 hours of notice.  The same villagers were then forced to relocate in 1965 when coal mines opened, again in 1980 when the National Thermal Power Corporation broke ground on a thermal power project, and once more in 2009, when the Essar Power MP broke ground on a new plant.  Despite being displaced as many as five times, families forced out by the construction of Rihand never found a new permanent home.

Enduring such upheavals caused psychic harm in addition to the precipitous drop in living standards.  Parshuram Ray goes into further detail when discussing the traumas caused by displacement:The long drawn out, dehumanising [sic], disempowering and painful process of displacement has led to widespread traumatic psychological and socio-cultural consequences.  It causes dismantling of production systems, desecration of ancestral sacred zones or graves and temples, scattering of kinship groups and family systems, disorganization of informal social networks that provide mutual support, weakening of self-management and social control and disruption of trade and market links etc… Essentially, the very cultural identity of the displaced community and individual is subjected to massive onslaught leading to very severe physiological stress and psychological trauma.Despite these very real traumas, the national government has failed to alleviate suffering in any meaningful way.  Planners are not pressured by governments to plan for these consequences.  The disruption in communities that these projects cause also quash potential political unrest or protest, as people can no longer rely on their destroyed networks.

Within these forced displacements, gender and economic issues bring more hardship.  Indian law provides no relief to displaced women and women do not enjoy the same economic protections and freedoms that men do.  Women are consequently forced to rely on male members of the household, as they are not entitled to any benefits the government offers.  For tribes that have only lived off the land, shifting to a market economy is also a massive shock because they have never engaged in such a system.

The constant and forced resettlement, in addition to being cruel and callous, threatens gains from these projects such as the Rihand Dam.  The intergenerational traumas wound those forced to leave, but also disrupt stable villages and economies, ultimately dooming millions of future Indians to poverty.

The Push for Sustainable Growth
The construction of the Rihand Dam falls into a larger paradigm, as its construction has arguably propagated more problems than it has benefits.  Writing in 2003, reporter Diane Raines Ward found:A 1995 Indian Environment Ministry report revealed that 87 percent of India’s river-valley projects did not meet required safeguards. Recent reports show that larger dam reservoirs are silting up at rates far higher than assumed when the projects were built, that the life span of major Indian dams is likely to be only two-thirds of their projected life, and that every dam built in India during the last 15 years has violated various environmental regulations — from siltation and soil erosion, to the neglect of health, seismological, forest, wildlife, human, and clean water issues.
As the world's largest democracy and second most populous country, Indian leaders must balance the goals of economic development with democratic ideals and the overall welfare of its people.  While economic growth is attractive, it alone cannot increase the welfare of Indian people and growth pursued in this matter will not only not bring about long term growth, but it will kill people in the process and make India uninhabitable.  Amartya Sen and Jean Drèze discuss these tensions, acknowledging "issues of economic development in India have to be seen in the larger context of the demands of democracy and social justice."  They push back against India's preoccupation with simply increasing its GDP per capita, as such a metric is limited in scope and fails to capture what is being done with that increase in wealth, who is benefitting from it, and whether people's lives are materially improving.  They write:Those who dream about India becoming an economic superpower, even with its huge proportion of undernourished children, lack of systematic health care, extremely deficient school education, and half the homes without toilets (forcing half of all Indians to practise open defecation), have to reconsider not only the reach of their understanding of the mutual relationship between growth and development, but also their appreciation of the demands of social justice, which is integrally linked with the expansion of human freedoms.Sen and Drèze push for sustainable growth; growth that is environmentally sustainable but socially sustainable so that the gains are not zero sum. Instead, sustainable growth maximizes the number of individuals who benefit, while minimizing the hardship and complications that arise from economic expansion.  The construction of the Rihand Dam and the destruction it caused in the lives of hundreds of thousands exemplify the need for such an approach.  This is achievable, but requires patience and a commitment to working within this framework.  NGOs working with villages and small towns to bring back water collection methods speak to the efficacy of such an approach, showing mega-projects are not the only solution.  Local level provisions like these can often solve the problem more effectively, as locals are more privy to their own needs and how their immediate area operates.

By 2019, various Indian companies such as the Shapoorji Pallonji Group and ReNew Power had won the rights to invest ₹7.5 billion ($106 million) to build solar panels with a capacity of 150MW on the Rihand Dam.  A project like this shows not only how sustainable policies and projects are possible, but existing infrastructure can be used in new and different ways to yield more benefit.

See also

 Algal bloom
 Soil pH
 Cation-exchange capacity
 Sodium adsorption ratio
 RSC Index
 Soda lake
 Soil salinity
Narmada Bachao Andolan

References

Artificial lakes of India
Reservoirs in India
Hydroelectric power stations in Uttar Pradesh
Dams in Uttar Pradesh
Dams completed in 1962
Buildings and structures in Sonbhadra district
Son River basin
1962 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
20th-century architecture in India


Fairplay is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 984 feet (300 m).

The community was so named on account of the fairness characterized by first settlers in all of their dealings.

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Donald George Snelgrove (21 April 1925 – 19 May 2016) was the Suffragan Bishop of Hull from 1981 until 1994.

He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. After World War II service with the RNVR and a period of study at Ridley Hall, Cambridge he embarked on an ecclesiastical career with curacies at St Thomas Oakwood, London and St Anselm, Hatch End after which he was Vicar of St John the Baptist's Church, Dronfield. Following this he was Vicar of Hessle and then (his final appointment before elevation to the episcopate) Archdeacon of the East Riding, a post he initially held whilst also serving as Rector of Cherry Burton (1970–79).

Snelgrove was Bishop of Hull (a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of York) from 1981 until his 1994 retirement. In retirement he continued to serve the Church as an Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Lincoln.

Snelgrove died on 19 May 2016 at the age of 91.

References

1925 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Archdeacons of the East Riding
20th-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Hull