The 2008 Bavarian Cup was the eleventh edition of this competition, organised by the Bavarian Football Association (BFV), which was started in 1998. It ended with the SpVgg Unterhaching winning the competition. Together with the finalist, SpVgg Ansbach, both clubs were qualified for the 2008–09 DFB-Pokal.

The competition is open to all senior men's football teams playing within the Bavarian football league system and the Bavarian clubs in the Regionalliga Süd (III) and 3. Liga.

Rules & History
The seven Bezirke in Bavaria each play their own cup competition which in turn used to function as a qualifying to the German Cup (DFB-Pokal). Since 1998 these seven cup-winners plus the losing finalist of the region that won the previous event advance to the newly introduced Bavarian Cup, the Toto-Pokal. The two finalists of this competition advance to the German Cup. Bavarian clubs which play in the first and second Bundesliga are not permitted to take part in the event. The seven regional cup winners plus the finalist from last season's winners region are qualified for the first round.

Participating clubs
The following eight clubs qualified for the 2006 Bavarian Cup:

Bavarian Cup season 2007–08
Teams qualified for the next round in bold.

Regional finals

 The SpVgg Ansbach, runners-up of the Mittelfranken Cup is the eights team qualified for the Bavarian Cup due to SV Seligenporten from Mittelfranken having won the Cup in the previous season.

First round

Semi-finals

Final

2008–09 DFB-Pokal
The two clubs, SpVgg Unterhaching and SpVgg Ansbach, who qualified through the Bavarian Cup for the DFB Cup 2008-09 both were knocked out in the first round of the national cup competition:

References

Sources
 Deutschlands Fussball in Zahlen 2007/08  Yearbook of German football, author: DSFS, publisher: Agon Sport Verlag, published: 2008, page: 292–293

External links
 Bavarian FA website

Bavarian Cup seasons
Bavarian


Established in 1984, and published monthly by Mondiale Publishing Ltd, NIGHT magazine covered operational, technical and design developments within bars, clubs, student unions, casinos and live venues across the UK. Through its partnership with nightclub association Noctis and research arm CGA the magazine was able to provide legal, political and operational guidance alongside information from installers, manufacturers and service providers working within the nightclub industry. The magazine also provided an overview of the culture and community of clubbing, conducting interviews with key industry figures and artists, creating features and commissioning its own photography.

The website of the magazine, launched in June 2007, carried all the information from the magazine, as well as daily news, technology and drinks bulletins.

NIGHT magazine hosted an annual awards night entitled 'NIGHT presents... the beda's'. The event aimed to recognise high standards of UK nightclub operation, design and technology

NIGHT magazine had an ABC certified circulation of 10,499 copies between 1 July 2007 and 30 June 2008.

In 2009 NIGHT magazine ended publication.

References

External links
 Night magazine official website

Business magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1984
Magazines disestablished in 2009
Mass media in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
Professional and trade magazines
Magazines published in Manchester


SORT or Statistics and Operations Research Transactions is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that publishes papers related to statistics. It is published by the Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya, the statistical office of Catalonia, in English with a brief summary in Catalan.

The journal was established in 2003, when it replaced the journal Qüestiió (Quaderns d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, 1977–2002). It publishes two issues each year, and is available online as open access.

Abstracting and indexing
SORT is indexed in the Current Index to Statistics, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Journal Citation Reports.

External links

Academic journals established in 1977
Open access journals
Statistics journals
Biannual journals
English-language journals


The Chinese Elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'Jade Empress' is an American selection.

Description
'Jade Empress' grows to a height of 10–16 m. The foliage is dark green in summer, turning yellow in autumn .

Pests and diseases
The species and its cultivars are highly resistant, but not immune, to Dutch elm disease, and unaffected by the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola.

Cultivation
'Jade Empress' is not known to be in cultivation beyond North America.

Accessions
None known.

References

Chinese elm cultivar
Ulmus articles missing images
Ulmus


Jensy Gregory (née Anthony), also known mononymously as Jensy (also spelt Jency), is an Indian playback singer who has worked with composers like Ilayaraaja in Tamil films.

Career
Jensy Gregory hails from a family of musicians and music came into her life at a very young age. Her debut song was for Malayalam film Vezhambal. She was introduced to the Tamil movie industry in the song "Vaanathu Poonkili" in the movie Thiripurasundari scored by Ilayaraja. Her songs that followed were in many blockbuster movies like Mullum Malarum and Priya.

In September 2010, Srikanth Deva read one of the Jensy interviews and decided to give the talented singer a break in one of the movies that he was composing for. After the song recording was over, both director, John Mahendran and music director were heard saying that even after all these years Jensy's voice had not aged.

Discography

Tamil songs
Most of her Tamil film songs are scored by Ilayaraja.

Malayalam songs

References

External links
 Jensy, list of songs
  Coming out of recluse
 Tamizh Cinema, Back with a Bang

Indian women playback singers
Jensy
Jensy
Living people
Film musicians from Kerala
Women musicians from Kerala
20th-century Indian women singers
20th-century Indian singers
Year of birth missing (living people)


Poo Yee "Cordia" Tsoi (;) is a Canadian-born former short track speed skater who competed for Hong Kong at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Along with teammate Christy Ren, they became the first athletes to represent Hong Kong at the Winter Olympics.

Tsoi was born in Canada, but grew up in Hong Kong and attended Canadian International School. She competed in Kung Fu (Hong Kong National Team in Wushu 1999-2002) and Triathlon before embarking on a career in speedskating.

After the 2002 Games, Tsoi has since left the sporting world and studied at McGill University in Montreal. She is a psychology and business management graduate.

Tsoi is fluent in English, Cantonese, Mandarin and French.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Canadian female short track speed skaters
Hong Kong female short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for Hong Kong
Short track speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 1999 Asian Winter Games
Canadian people of Hong Kong descent
Canadian emigrants to British Hong Kong
McGill University alumni


A steam fair or (steam rally) is a regular organised gathering of historic steam-powered vehicles and machinery, open to the public. Typical exhibits include: traction engines, steam rollers, steam wagons, and steam cars. Often, the scope is widened to include other historic exhibits such as stationary engines, internal-combustion -powered road transport, agricultural and construction vehicles, working horses, woodcraft and the like.

A typical steam fair consists of:
 A parade ring or track in which vehicles may be demonstrated
 Trade and craft stalls related to the exhibits
 Areas where vehicles may be examined more closely and the public may talk to owners and operators
 Entertainment areas (often, a beer tent) with food, drink, and evening music
 A fairground area may also be included in the event

The following is a geographic list of these gatherings, some of which are referred to as rallies or as festivals. The list does not include static steam museums unless they host a particular event that falls into the classification.

In addition there are some travelling shows powered by steam.  Where these are referred to as steam fairs they are included in the list.

Australia
Scoresby Steamfest
 Lake Goldsmith steam rally (Twice yearly)
Hunter Valley Steamfest
Steam Rally Echuca Moama
SteamFest Tasmania at Sheffield

Canada
Steam-Era - (Milton, Ontario)
Threshermen's Reunion – (Austin, Manitoba)
 Georgian Bay Steam Show _ (Cookstown, Ontario)

Ireland
Eyrecourt
Innishannon Steam and Vintage Rally – (1998- )
Stradbally - Irish National Steam Rally – (1965- )
Upton Steam Rally – ( -1997)

Netherlands
Dordt in Stoom, Dordrecht - (1985- ) bi-annual large event in and around the historic harbour district with steam powered ships, trains, river boats and other engines.

Poland

Wolsztyn – (1993- ) annual steam locomotive parade held the last weekend of April near a historic roundhouse
Chabówka – (2005- ) "Parowozjada" - steam locomotive parade held the last weekend of August in a railway museum near the railway station

United Kingdom

Static events

Travelling shows
Carter's Steam Fair – (1976- ) A travelling funfair that travels throughout London and the home counties from Easter to Bonfire Night.

United States

Antique Gas & Steam Engine Museum - bi-annual show in Vista, California
Antique Powerland, Brooks Oregon. Annual Steam-Up
Antique Power and Steam Show - Large annual show taking place in the Lake County Fairgrounds in Indiana.
Badger Steam and Gas Show - Annual show hosted by Badger Steam and Gas Engine Club near Baraboo, WI
 Buckley Old Engine Show - Annual show in  Buckley, Michigan
K&O Steam and Gas Engine Show, Windfield Kansas.
Central North Dakota Steam Thresher's Reunion – (1958- )
The Dover Steam Show – (1964- ) Annual show hosted by Tuscarawas Valley Pioneer Power Association
Great Steamboat Race - (1963- ) annual round trip race from Louisville, Kentucky to Jeffersonville, Indiana and back between steamboats on the Ohio River
Old Thresher's Reunion - (1960- ) Labor Day weekend, Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
National Threshers Association (1944- ) annual reunion/show held in Wauseon, Ohio, last full weekend of June
Northwest Ohio Antique Machinery Association Antique Machinery Show - Findlay, OH
Nowthen Threshing Show - Annual show held on the third full weekend (Friday-Sunday) in August, in Nowthen, Minnesota.
Pageant of Steam - (1960- ) annual fair held in Canandaigua, New York
Pawnee Steam and Gas Engine Show - held first full weekend in May in Pawnee, OK
Pioneer Engineers Club of Rushville, IN - yearly show in Rushville, IN
Pioneer Steam and Gas Engine Society - Sagertown, PA.
Rock River Thresheree Edgerton, Wisconsin – (1955- )
Rough and Tumble Engineers Historical Association Kinzers, Pennsylvania
 Shenandoah Valley Steam & Gas Engine Association, Berryville, VA "Pageant of Steam" held each year the last full weekend in July
Soule’ Live Steam Festival and Railfest annual event held the first weekend in November in Meridian, MS.
Southeast Old Threshers' Reunion annual event held July 1-July 5 in Denton, NC
Steamstock: An Antiquarian Exposition in Point Richmond, CA is an annual event held in July in a former Ford motor factory, next to the Rosie the Riveter Museum.
Tall Stacks - held every 3 or 4 years in Cincinnati, Ohio since 1988; is a fair for steam powered riverboats.
Tuckahoe Steam & Gas Association near Easton, MD - annual "Steam Show" (1973- ) in early July.
Western Minnesota Steam Thresher's Reunion (WMSTR) Rollag, Minnesota
Western New York Gas & Steam Engine Association Annual Rally - Alexander, NY
Cama Powerup Spring and Fall  Kent, CT
Missouri River Valley Steam Engine Association Back to the Farm Reunion  Boonevill, MO
Riverbend Steam and Gas Association  Allendale, MI
The Michigan Steam Engine and Threshers Club Reunion, Mason, MI.

See also

Live steam
Hollycombe Steam Collection – essentially a steam fair, but in the form of a museum
Thursford Collection – steam museum featuring traction engines

Notes

External links
List of UK Steam Fairs
UK Traction engine rallies
Live listings of UK Steam and Vintage Events (Visitors may also submit to this Events Guide)
 "Old Glory" Online Guide to UK Events including steam rallies and fairs (dynamic list) - from the Old Glory magazine
(Old Glory also publishes a 'Free' paper version at the start of each year listing UK Events.)
Search for steam fairs near you (UK only)

Steam
Steam


The Redstone family of rockets consisted of a number of American ballistic missiles, sounding rockets and expendable launch vehicles operational during the 1950s and 1960s. The first member of the Redstone family was the PGM-11 Redstone missile, from which all subsequent variations of the Redstone were derived. The Juno 1 version of the Redstone launched Explorer 1, the first U.S. orbital satellite in 1958 and the Mercury-Redstone variation carried the first two U.S. astronauts into space in 1961. The rocket was named for the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama where it was developed.

PGM-11 Redstone

First launched in 1953, the PGM-11 Redstone was a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile in active service with the U.S. Army from June 1958 to June 1964; and was used for the first U.S. live nuclear missile tests. It was built by Chrysler for the United States Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) and was deployed in West Germany. George Huebner was the executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's missile program for its first two years of operation.

Jupiter-A

Jupiter-A was the first variant of Redstone, used to test components later used in the PGM-19 Jupiter medium-range ballistic missile.

Jupiter-C

Jupiter-C was a sounding rocket used for three sub-orbital spaceflights in 1956 and 1957. It was used as a testbed for re-entry vehicles later deployed on the PGM-19 Jupiter.

Juno I

Juno I was a derivative of the Jupiter-C, used to launch the first American satellite, Explorer 1, on January 31, 1958. Although the U.S. possibly could have put a satellite into orbit before the Soviet Union had the ABMA been allowed to attempt a satellite launch in August 1956, the Eisenhower administration wanted the first U.S. satellite to be launched by a civilian rocket developed by American engineers instead of a rocket derived from a military missile program and developed by the German engineers of Operation Paperclip. Additionally, the administration saw value in the USSR taking the first move to reach orbit because they would set the precedent that territorial overflight in space was fair game, necessary for the United States' space-based photoreconaissance ambitions in the wake of diplomatic protests against U-2 incursions of Soviet airspace.

The Vanguard launch vehicle was the civilian rocket program in development for this purpose, so the administration ordered ABMA's research director, Wernher von Braun, not to attempt any satellite launches. The Vanguard rocket failed on its first attempt to launch the Vanguard satellite in December 1957, crashing back to the pad and exploding. Following this setback and in the wake of the Sputnik crisis, the administration changed course and turned to the Army, asking ABMA and von Braun to launch the JPL-built satellite as soon as possible.

Mercury-Redstone

The Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle (MRLV), also known as Mercury-Redstone, used the stretched Redstone configuration from the Jupiter-C for six suborbital launches for Project Mercury in 1960 and 1961, including United States' first two human spaceflights:
 Mercury-Redstone 1, abort, traveled
 Mercury-Redstone 1A, successful uncrewed flight
 Mercury-Redstone 2, carried Ham, a chimpanzee
 Mercury-Redstone BD, booster development – final test before crewed flight
 Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7), first American in space, Alan Shepard
 Mercury-Redstone 4 (Liberty Bell 7), second American in space, Gus Grissom

Sparta

Sparta was the name given to a series of surplus Redstone missiles with two solid-fuel upper stages launched as part of a joint US-UK research project with Australia from 1966 to 1967. Sparta launched Australia's first Earth satellite, WRESAT.

Saturn

Two members of the Saturn family of rockets, the Saturn I and IB, were partially derived from the Redstone. They used eight tanks built on Redstone tooling clustered around one propellant tank built on Jupiter missile tooling, and used eight Rocketdyne H-1 (Jupiter) engines to form the first stage of the rockets. First developed by the ABMA, the Saturn rocket was adopted by NASA for its Apollo program. America's first heavy-lift launch vehicles, the first of these was launched in 1961.

References
Notes

Bibliography

Medium-range ballistic missiles
Space launch vehicles of the United States
Sounding rockets of the United States
Expendable space launch systems

bg:Редстоун (ракета)
ca:Redstone (coet)
cs:Redstone
da:Redstone
de:Redstone (Rakete)
es:Redstone
fr:PGM-11 Redstone
it:PGM-11 Redstone
he:רדסטון (טיל)
no:Redstone (rakett)
pl:SSM-A-14 Redstone
pt:Redstone
sk:Redstone (balistická raketa)
fi:Redstone (raketti)
zh:紅石飛彈


A glossary of terms relating to project management and consulting.

A
 Agile software development is a set of fundamental principles about how software should be developed based on an agile way of working in contrast to previous heavy-handed software development methodologies.
 Aggregate planning is an operational activity which does an aggregate plan for the production process, in advance of 2 to 18 months, to give an idea to management as to what quantity of materials and other resources are to be procured and when, so that the total cost of operations of the organization is kept to the minimum over that period.
 Allocation is the assignment of available resources in an economic way.

B
 Benefits management plan a document that describes the activities necessary for achieving the benefits of a project and when these planned benefits will be delivered. It also outlines metrics and procedures to measure progress against benefits.
 BOSCARD a strategic planning tool used in project management to give the Terms of reference for new projects.
 Budget generally refers to a list of all planned expenses and revenues.
 Budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) measures the budgeted cost of work that has actually been performed, rather than the cost of work scheduled.
 Budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS)  the approved budget that has been allocated to complete a scheduled task (or Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) component) during a specific time period.
 Business case a document that examines business need and cost-benefits analysis of a project to justify the approval of the project and to set its boundaries.
 Business model is a profit-producing system that has an important degree of independence from the other systems within an enterprise.
 Business analysis is the set of tasks, knowledge, and techniques required to identify business needs and determine solutions to business problems. Solutions often include a systems development component, but may also consist of process improvement or organizational change.
 Business operations are those ongoing recurring activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. They are contrasted with project management, and consist of business processes.
 Business process is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer or customers. There are three types of business processes: Management processes, Operational processes, and Supporting processes.
 Business process modeling (BPM) is the activity of representing processes of an enterprise, so that the current ("as is") process may be analyzed and improved in future ("to be").

C

 Capability maturity model (CMM) in software engineering is a model of the maturity of the capability of certain business processes. A maturity model can be described as a structured collection of elements that describe certain aspects of maturity in an organization, and aids in the definition and understanding of an organization's processes.
 Change control is the procedures used to ensure that changes (within quality management systems (QMS) and information technology (IT) systems) are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner. Change control is a major aspect of the broader discipline of change management.
 Change management is a field of management focused on organizational changes. It aims to ensure that methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt handling of all changes to controlled IT infrastructure, in order to minimize the number and impact of any related incidents upon service.
 Case study is a research method which involves an in-depth, longitudinal examination of a single instance or event: a case. They provide a systematic way of looking at events, collecting data, analyzing information, and reporting the results.
 Certified Associate in Project Management is an entry-level certification for project practitioners offered by Project Management Institute.
 Communications log is an ongoing documentation of communication events between any identified project stakeholders, managed and collected by the project manager that describes: the sender and receiver of the communication event; where, when and for how long the communication event elapsed; in what form the communication event took place; a summary of what information was communicated; what actions/outcomes should be taken as a result of the communication event; and to what level of priority should the actions/outcomes of the communication event be graded
 Constructability is a project management technique to review the construction processes from start to finish during pre-construction phrase. It will identify obstacles before a project is actually built to reduce or prevent error, delays, and cost overrun.
 Constructability Review is a process of reviewing design documents, construction drawings, specifications, and other construction documentation intended for use by a builder to construct the project. The purpose of a constructability review is to eliminate design errors, omissions, and coordination issues prior to bidding the documents so that the project bid is accurate, and less likely to create uncertainty, delays, added costs, or other risks during construction. Constructability reviews identify those risks so they can be corrected before bidding and constructing the project. Constructability reviews should be conducted by a multi-disciplined team of design, engineering, and construction professionals independent of the project designers. Constructability review comments should be addressed and resolved by modifying the bid documents prior to bidding or obtaining the construction contractor's price and before starting construction work to ensure accurate biddable, and buildable construction documents maximize construction efficiency, quality, and safety at the best price.
 Costs in economics, business, and accounting are the value of money that has been used up to produce something, and hence is not available for use anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in which case the amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost.
 Cost engineering is the area of engineering practice where engineering judgment and experience are used in the application of scientific principles and techniques to problems of cost estimating, cost control, business planning and management science, profitability analysis, project management, and planning and scheduling."
 Construction, in the fields of architecture and civil engineering, is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of multitasking. Normally the job is managed by the project manager and supervised by the construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project architect.
 Cost overrun is defined as excess of actual cost over budget.
 Critical path method (CPM) is a mathematically based modeling technique for scheduling a set of project activities, used in project management.
 Critical chain project management (CCPM) is a method of planning and managing projects that puts more emphasis on the resources required to execute project tasks.

D
 Dependency in a project network is a link amongst a project's terminal elements.
 Dynamic systems development method (DSDM) is a software development methodology originally based upon the rapid application development methodology. DSDM is an iterative and incremental approach that emphasizes continuous user involvement.
 Duration of a project's terminal element is the number of calendar periods it takes from the time the execution of element starts to the moment it is completed.
 Deliverable A contractually required work product, produced and delivered to a required state. A deliverable may be a document, hardware, software or other tangible product.

E

 Earned schedule (ES) is an extension to earned value management (EVM), which renames 2 traditional measures, to indicate clearly they are in units of currency or quantity, not time.
 Earned value management (EVM) is a project management technique for measuring project progress in an objective manner, with a combination of measuring scope, schedule, and cost in a single integrated system.
 Enterprise modeling is the process of understanding an enterprise business and improving its performance through creation of enterprise models. This includes the modelling of the relevant business domain (usually relatively stable), business processes (usually more volatile), and Information technology
 Estimation in project management is the processes of making accurate estimates using the appropriate techniques.
 Event chain diagram : diagram that show the relationships between events and tasks and how the events affect each other.
 Event chain methodology is an uncertainty modeling and schedule network analysis technique that is focused on identifying and managing events and event chains that affect project schedules.
 Executive sponsor is the senior member of the project board and often the chair.
 Extreme project management (XPM) refers to a method of managing very complex and very uncertain projects.

F
 Float in a project network is the amount of time that a task in a project network can be delayed without causing a delay to subsequent tasks and or the project completion date.
 Focused improvement in Theory of Constraints is the ensemble of activities aimed at elevating the performance of any system, especially a business system, with respect to its goal by eliminating its constraints one by one and by not working on non-constraints.
 Fordism, named after Henry Ford, refers to various social theories. It has varying but related meanings in different fields, and for Marxist and non-Marxist scholars.

G

 Henry Gantt was an American mechanical engineer and management consultant, who developed the Gantt chart in the 1910s.
 Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. It illustrates the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project.
 Goal or objective consists of a projected state of affairs which a person or a system plans or intends to achieve or bring about — a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. Many people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines
 Goal setting involves establishing specific, measurable and time targeted objectives
 Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is a network analysis technique that allows probabilistic treatment of both network logic and activity duration estimated.

H
 Hammock activity is a grouping of subtasks that "hangs" between two end dates it is tied to (or the two end-events it is fixed to).
 HERMES is a Project Management Method developed by the Swiss Government, based on the German V-Modell. The first domain of application was software projects.

I
 Integrated Master Plan (IMP) is an event-based, top level plan, consisting of a hierarchy of Program Events.
 ISO 10006 is a guidelines for quality management in projects, is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization.
 Iterative and Incremental development is a cyclic software development process developed in response to the weaknesses of the waterfall model. It starts with an initial planning and ends with deployment with the cyclic interaction in between

K
 Kickoff meeting is the first meeting with the project team and the client of the project.

L
 Level of Effort (LOE)  is qualified as a support type activity which doesn't lend itself to measurement of a discrete accomplishment. Examples of such an activity may be project budget accounting, customer liaison, etc.
 Linear scheduling method (LSM) is a graphical scheduling method focusing on continuous resource utilization in repetitive activities. It is believed that it originally adopted the idea of Line-Of-Balance method.
 Lean manufacturing or lean production, which is often known simply as "Lean", is the practice of a theory of production that considers the expenditure of resources for any means other than the creation of value for the presumed customer to be wasteful, and thus a target for elimination.

M
 Management in business and human organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
 Management process is a process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of any type of activity.
 Management science (MS), is the discipline of using mathematical modeling and other analytical methods, to help make better business management decisions.
 Megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment project.
 Milestones are tools used in project management to mark specific points along a project timeline.
 Motivation is the set of reasons that prompts one to engage in a particular behavior.

N
 Nonlinear Management (NLM) is a superset of management techniques and strategies that allows order to emerge by giving organizations the space to self-organize, evolve and adapt, encompassing Agile, Evolutionary and Lean approaches, as well as many others.

O
 Operations management is an area of business that is concerned with the production of good quality goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient and effective. It is the management of resources, the distribution of goods and services to customers, and the analysis of queue systems.
 Operations, see Business operations
 Operations Research (OR) is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex problems.
 Organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.
 Organization development (OD) is a planned, structured, organization-wide effort to increase the organization's effectiveness and health.

P

 PDCA (plan–do–check–act or plan–do–check–adjust) is an iterative design and management method used in business for the control and continual improvement of processes and products.
 Planning in organizations and public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale.
 Portfolio in finance is an appropriate mix of or collection of investments held by an institution or a private individual.
 Postmortem documentation : A project post-mortem is a process used to identify the causes of a project failure (or significant business-impairing downtime), and how to prevent them in the future.
 Pre-mortem : A pre-mortem, or premortem, is a managerial strategy in which a project team imagines that a project or organization has failed, and then works backward to determine what potentially could lead to the failure of the project or organization.
 PRINCE2 : PRINCE2 is a project management methodology. The planning, monitoring and control of all aspects of the project and the motivation of all those involved in it to achieve the project objectives on time and to the specified cost, quality and performance.
 Process is an ongoing collection of activities, with an inputs, outputs and the energy required to transform inputs to outputs.
 Process architecture is the structural design of general process systems and applies to fields such as computers (software, hardware, networks, etc.), business processes (enterprise architecture, policy and procedures, logistics, project management, etc.), and any other process system of varying degrees of complexity.
 Process management is the ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process, especially in the sense of business process, often confused with reengineering.
 Product breakdown structure (PBS) in project management is an exhaustive, hierarchical tree structure of components that make up an item, arranged in whole-part relationship.
 Product description in project management is a structured format of presenting information about a project product
 Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a statistical tool, used in project management, designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project.
 Program Management is the process of managing multiple ongoing inter-dependent projects. An example would be that of designing, manufacturing and providing support infrastructure for an automobile manufacturer.
 Project : A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
 Project accounting Is the practice of creating financial reports specifically designed to track the financial progress of projects, which can then be used by managers to aid project management.
 Project charter is a statement of the scope, objectives, and participants in a project.
Project Cost Management A method of managing a project in real-time from the estimating stage to project control; through the use of technology cost, schedule and productivity is monitored.
 Project management : The complete set of tasks, techniques, tools applied during project execution'.
 Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) : The sum of knowledge within the profession of project management that is standardized by ISO.
 Project management office: The Project management office in a business or professional enterprise is the department or group that defines and maintains the standards of process, generally related to project management, within the organization. The PMO strives to standardize and introduce economies of repetition in the execution of projects. The PMO is the source of documentation, guidance and metrics on the practice of project management and execution.
 Project management process is the management process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of a project.
 Project Management Professional is a certificated professional in project management.
 Project Management Simulators are computer-based tools used in project management training programs. Usually, project management simulation is a group exercise. The computer-based simulation is an interactive learning activity.
 Project management software is a type of software, including scheduling, cost control and budget management, resource allocation, collaboration software, communication, quality management and documentation or administration systems, which are used to deal with the complexity of large projects.
 Project Management Triangle is a model of the constraints of project management.
 Project manager : professional in the field of project management. Project managers can have the responsibility of the planning, execution, and closing of any project, typically relating to construction industry, architecture, computer networking, telecommunications or software development.
 Project network is a graph (flow chart) depicting the sequence in which a project's terminal elements are to be completed by showing terminal elements and their dependencies.
 Project plan is a formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control. The primary uses of the project plan are to document planning assumptions and decisions, facilitate communication among stakeholders, and document approved scope, cost, and schedule baselines. A project plan may be summary or detailed.
 Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment.
 Project stakeholders are those entities within or without an organization which sponsor a project or, have an interest or a gain upon a successful completion of a project.
 Project team is the management team leading the project, and provide services to the project. Projects often bring together a variety number of problems. Stakeholders have important issues with others.
 Proport refers to the combination of the unique skills of an organisation's members for collective advantage.

Q
 Quality can mean a high degree of excellence ("a quality product"), a degree of excellence or the lack of it ("work of average quality"), or a property of something ("the addictive quality of alcohol").[1] Distinct from the vernacular, the subject of this article is the business interpretation of quality.
 Quality, Cost, Delivery(QCD) as used in lean manufacturing measures a businesses activity and develops Key performance indicators. QCD analysis often forms a part of continuous improvement programs

R
 Reengineering is radical redesign of an organization's processes, especially its business processes. Rather than organizing a firm into functional specialties (like production, accounting, marketing, etc.) and considering the tasks that each function performs; complete processes from materials acquisition, to production, to marketing and distribution should be considered. The firm should be re-engineered into a series of processes.
 Resources are what is required to carry out a project's tasks. They can be people, equipment, facilities, funding, or anything else capable of definition (usually other than labour) required for the completion of a project activity.
 Resource leveling : 'A scheduling calculation that delays activities such that resource usage is kept below specified limits. It is also known as resource limited scheduling'.
 Risk is the precise probability of specific eventualities.
 Risk management is a management specialism aiming to reduce different risks related to a preselected domain to the level accepted by society. It may refer to numerous types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations and politics.
 Risk register is a tool commonly used in project planning and organizational risk assessments.

S

 Schedules in project management consists of a list of a project's terminal elements with intended to start and finish dates.
 Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflow processes, improving labor productivity.
 Scope of a project in project management is the sum total of all of its products and their requirements or features.
 Scope creep refers to uncontrolled changes in a project's scope. This phenomenon can occur when the scope of a project is not properly defined, documented, or controlled. It is generally considered a negative occurrence that is to be avoided.
 Scrum is an iterative incremental process of software development commonly used with agile software development. Despite the fact that "Scrum" is not an acronym, some companies implementing the process have been known to adhere to an all capital letter expression of the word, i.e. SCRUM.
 Six Sigma is a business management strategy, originally developed by Motorola, that today enjoys widespread application in many sectors of industry.
 Slot-based scheduling term is first used by IBM Spectrum Symphony as a resource allocation method. It is implemented to project management literature by mentioning each slot as the replaceable qualified human hours required to complete a given task.
 Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.
 Standards are documents approved by a recognized body, that provide, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for products, processes, or services with which compliance is not mandatory. (ISO 9453)
 Stakeholder Clients or other parties invested in the Project.
 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is any logical process used by a systems analyst to develop an information system, including requirements, validation, training, and user ownership. An SDLC should result in a high quality system that meets or exceeds customer expectations, within time and cost estimates, works effectively and efficiently in the current and planned IT infrastructure, and is cheap to maintain and cost-effective to enhance.
 Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed.

T
 Task is part of a set of actions which accomplish a job, problem or assignment.
 Tasks in project management are activity that needs to be accomplished within a defined period of time.
 Task analysis is the analysis or a breakdown of exactly how a task is accomplished, such as what sub-tasks are required
 Time limit is a narrow field of time, or a particular point in time, by which an objective or task must be accomplished.
 Timeline is a graphical representation of a chronological sequence of events, also referred to as a chronology. It can also mean a schedule of activities, such as a timetable.

U

 Unified Process: The Unified process is a popular iterative and incremental software development process framework.  The best-known and extensively documented refinement of the Unified Process is the Rational Unified Process (RUP).

V
 Value engineering (VE) is a systematic method to improve the "value" of goods and services by using an examination of function.  Value, as defined, is the ratio of function to cost.  Value can therefore be increased by either improving the function or reducing the cost.  It is a primary tenet of value engineering that basic functions be preserved and not be reduced as a consequence of pursuing value improvements.
 Vertical slice is a type of milestone, benchmark, or deadline, with emphasis on demonstrating progress across all components of a project.
 Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is the use of integrated multi-disciplinary performance models of design-construction projects, including the Product (i.e., facilities), Work Processes and Organization of the design - construction - operation team in order to support explicit and public business objectives.

W

 Wideband Delphi is a consensus-based estimation technique for estimating effort.
 Work in project management is the amount of effort applied to produce a deliverable or to accomplish a task (a terminal element).
 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a method and a kind of representation that defines a project and groups the project's discrete work elements in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project. A Work breakdown structure element may be a product, data, a service, or any combination. WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost estimating and control along with providing guidance for schedule development and control.
 Work package is a subset of a project that can be assigned to a specific party for execution. Because of the similarity, work packages are often misidentified as projects.
 Work stream is a set of associated activities, focused around a particular scope that follow a path from initiation to completion.

Related lists
 List of production topics
 List of project management topics
 List of management topics
 List of Theory of Constraints topics
 List of topics in industrial organization
 Timeline of project management
 List of statistical tools used in project management

References

External links
 Project Management Institute
 Wideman Comparative Glossary of Project Management Terms
 AACE International Cost Engineering Terminology
 Tenrox Glossary of Project Management Terms
 Project Management Dictionary (PM Hut)

Project management
Project management topics
Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists


Davie v Magistrates of Edinburgh 1953 S.C. 34. encapsulates the Scots law position regarding the role of expert witnesses in providing their opinion to the court in criminal and civil proceedings.

Case
In Davie v Magistrates of Edinburgh, an expert witness gave evidence concerning the effect of shock waves in blasting operations and referred to a specific section of a pamphlet that allegedly supported his opinion. The Court of Session disproved of the Lord Ordinary's action of adopting other parts of the pamphlet that the expert had not made reference to.

" The Court cannot...rely upon such works for the purpose of displacing or criticising the witness's testimony." - at 41.

Law
Lord President Cooper stated that "their duty is to furnish the judge or jury with the necessary scientific criteria for testing the accuracy of their conclusions, so as to enable the Judge or jury to form their own independent judgment by the application of these criteria to the facts proved in evidence." Therefore, an expert witness should only offer their opinion as to the facts that have already been established in court, and "should not hinder the trier of fact's duty by telling them how to assess the evidence that they have heard". The weight to be given to the evidence provided by the expert witness is a matter for the judge (in civil, or summary criminal proceedings) or jury (in solemn criminal proceedings) alone.

The court also stated that "expert witnesses are only required in order that certain facts can be assessed and understood in their specialist/scientific context".

Moreover, in this case it was held that "in some situations, the scientific knowledge that an expert witness claims to have must be proved in court", such as in "Hewat v Edinburgh Corporation" 1974 S.C. 30. This is to prevent false claims of credentials that may affect the reliability of the opinion advanced by the expert witness.

As a result of this case, only the extracts of any literature relied upon by an expert witness whilst giving their testimony may be used against them to challenge their opinion. The remainder of any texts/journals is not admissible and thus cannot be relied upon by the expert or any other party to the proceedings.

Notes
apt.rcpsych.org
www.swarb.co.uk
Raitt, F, Evidence: Principles, Policy and Practice, Edinburgh: W. Green, 2008

1953 in case law
1953 in Scotland
Scottish case law
Evidence case law
History of Edinburgh
1950s in Edinburgh
1953 in British law


Anders Christian Jensen-Haarup (8 January 1863 – 30 January 1934) was a Danish entomologist who specialised in Hymenoptera. He was born in Nim and died in Silkeborg.

Jensen-Haarup was a teacher. In September 1904 he went to the province of Mendoza in Argentina on an insect collecting expedition. In 1905 he returned to Denmark to work on the material. In autumn of 1906 Jensen-Haarup went on a second trip to Argentina, this time accompanied by his friend Peter Jörgensen.

Jensen-Haarup published a series of popular accounts of the natural history of Argentina and wrote accounts of his travels as well as entomological works. The part of his  collection which was not sold or retained by specialists to whom he sent material is in the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen

External links
Melipona  Biography, portrait, bibliography
wiki-silkeborg.dk Biography

Danish entomologists
Hymenopterists
1863 births
1934 deaths
People from Horsens Municipality


Rachel Perkins (born 1970) is an Australian film and television director, producer, and screenwriter. She directed the films Radiance (1998), One Night the Moon (2001), Bran Nue Dae (2010), and Jasper Jones (2017). Perkins is an Arrernte and Kalkadoon woman from Central Australia, who was raised in Canberra by Aboriginal activist Charles Perkins and his wife Eileen.

Early life and education
Perkins was born in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory in 1970. She is the daughter of Charlie Perkins, granddaughter of Hetty Perkins, and has Arrernte, Kalkadoon, Irish, and German ancestry. Her siblings are Adam and Hetti Perkins, an art curator, and her niece is actress Madeleine Madden. She and her sister attended Melrose High School.

At the age of 18, Perkins moved to Alice Springs and entered into a traineeship at the Central Australian Aboriginal Media Association.

Career
In 1992, Perkins founded Blackfella Films, a documentary and narrative production company creating distinctive Australian content for television, live theatre, and online platforms, with a particular focus on Indigenous Australian stories. Its productions have included multi-award winning seven-part documentary series First Australians, television film Mabo, and TV series Redfern Now.

She served as Commissioner with the Australian Film Commission from 2004 to 2008, and since 2009 has been on the board of Screen Australia.

She was also curator for the 2009 Message Sticks Indigenous Film Festival. This tenth anniversary of the festival held at the Sydney Opera House featured the premiere of Fire Talker, a documentary film about her father Charlie Perkins by Australian filmmaker Ivan Sen.

Since 2015, Perkins has been the president of the AIATSIS Foundation, which is part of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.

She has continued to make award-winning films and TV series (see below).

In 2019, she was invited to give the ABC's annual Boyer Lecture, which she titled The End of Silence, and broadcast on ABC RN in November and available as a podcast.

Personal life
Perkins has a son with her ex-husband filmmaker Richard McGrath.

Selected filmography
Blood Brothers (film series) (1993) – producer, director, writerRadiance (1998) – directorOne Night the Moon (2001) – director, writerFlat (2002) – producerMimi (2002) – producerFirst Australians (2008) – producer, director, writer, narratorBran Nue Dae (2010) – director, writerMabo (2012) – directorBlack Panther Woman (2014) – directorFirst Contact (2014) – producerJasper Jones (2017) – directorThe Prospector (TBD) – director
 Mystery Road (2019 & 2020) TV series
 Total Control (2019) TV series
  The Australian Wars  (2022), a three-part documentary series about the Australian frontier wars on SBS Television – director, producer and presenter

Awards

Australian Film Institute
1998 – AFI Award Best Achievement in Direction: Radiance (1998) (nominated)
2002 – Byron Kennedy Award
Australian Writers' Guild
2001 – Awgie Award Television – Television Original: One Night the Moon (2001)
2001 – Major Award: One Night the Moon (2001)
Canberra International Film Festival
1998 – Audience Award: Radiance (1998)
Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
2002 – Special Achievement Award: One Night the Moon (2001)
IF Awards
2001 – IF Award Best Direction: One Night the Moon (2001) (nominated)
Melbourne International Film Festival
1998 – Most Popular Feature Film: Radiance (1998)
New York International Independent Film & Video Festival
2001 – Genre Award Best Feature Film – Musical: One Night the Moon (2001)
AACTA Awards
2019 – Best Television Drama
Australian Directors' Guild Awards
2019 – Best director in a television drama series, for Mystery Road, Series 1
Tudawali Film and Video Awards
1994 – The Tudawali Award: Blood Brothers (1993)
2000 – Best direction: Radiance (1998)
New South Wales Premier's History Awards
2023 – Winner (with Darren Dale, Jacob Hickey and Don Watson), Digital History Prize: The Australian Wars'', Episode 1

References

Further reading

 (bio)

Unearthing our first voices (Canberra Times)
 Article about Rachel Perkins and her movie Radiance in Urban Cinefile

External links

1970 births
Living people
Australian film producers
Australian film directors
Australian women film directors
Australian television producers
Australian women television producers
Australian television directors
Indigenous Australian musicians
Australian screenwriters
Indigenous Australian filmmakers
Arrernte people
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of German descent
Australian women television directors


The 1968 Intertoto Cup was the second, following the previous year's in which no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore the second in which no winner was declared. The tournament was expanded, with 50 clubs and fourteen groups compared to 48 clubs and twelve groups the season before. Clubs from Portugal and Spain participated for the first time.

Group stage
The teams were divided into fourteen groups - of four clubs each in the 'A' section, and of six clubs each in the 'B' section. Clubs from Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal were placed in 'A'; while clubs from East Germany, Poland, Sweden and Denmark were placed in 'B' groups. Clubs from West Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Switzerland were placed in both sections.

Group A1

Group A2

Group A3

Note: Match between Dukla Prague and Rapid Vienna was not played.

Group A4

Group A5

Group A6

Group B1

Group B2

Group B3

Group B4

Group B5

Group B6

Group B7

Group B8

See also
 1968–69 European Cup
 1968–69 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
 1968–69 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

External links
  by Pawel Mogielnicki

1968
4


Jajuara, also written Jajuar and Yajuar, is the largest village in the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar in India, and the second-largest village in Bihar.

Etymology
The original name Yajuar comes from Yajur vedasaya agara yasya Yajuara, which means "Village of people who know Yajurveda one of the four Veda in Hinduism".

Geography and climate
The Yajuar region is situated in the district of Muzaffarpur in Bihar, India. The village covers , the largest village in Katra block. It is  from Muzaffarpur, and  from Darbhanga. There is no easy way to reach its district Muzaffarpur during rainy season.  In recent times, solar energy has become very popular, but nowadays it is electricity.

The climate is mainly dry and cool. In summer the temperature varies from  to . In winter it is typically  to . The elevation is 51m close to sea level. The soil is suited for agriculture, which is the main economic activity of the region.

Administration
There are three panchayats in Yajuar, namely Yajuar East, Yajuar Middle and Yajuar West Village. Jajuar is part of Katra CD block. Its revenue village name is Jajuara.

Demographics
 the population of Jajuara was 25,875 making it the second most populated village in Bihar. The male to female ratio in the village was 1,089/1,000. The literacy rate in the city was about 60%, male literacy being 69% and female literacy being 50%.

Language
Since Yajuar is a part of Mithila, Maithili language is spoken by all of the population. Hindi is the second most common language and limited use of English language is seen.

Culture
The culture is very traditional. All the major Indian festivals are celebrated here.

Religious places and festivals
There are many spiritual places in Yajuar. Badi pokhra where the God of the village Shri Dihbad Baba's temple is situated under the Peepal tree. Several other temples are also situated on the bank of the Pokhar. Some of the other important religious places in the village are yajuar kali asthan where kali puja is celbrated on diwali
Sarvnath Mahadev asthan near water tank, Bhagvati Sthan, Dev nagar (near Gudri Bazar Bhira), Dhelmara Gosai, and Chaupadi Mahadev sthan, Hanuman Mandir in Panchove Tota near the high school. Devi Shakti peeth "Chamunda Mata mandir" is situated in Katra (block office) which is  from Yajuar.

Yajuar celebrates a variety of festivals such as Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi, Chaurchan, Kojagara, Durga Puja, Diwali and Kali Puja, and Bhaiya Dooj or better known as Bhardutiya among others. The Chhath Puja of Yajuar is very famous among all the nearby villages. In Durga Puja as well as Kali Puja, a group of people commonly known as the orchestra are invited by the committee members to entertain the people with their dancing and singing acts. Durga Puja is celebrated in the premises of the Bari Pokhra temple while Kali Puja is celebrated in Rajkiya Madhya Vidyalaya yajuar Anusuchit (Popularly known as Harijan school)

Economy

Agriculture is the main economic activity of this village. The main crops are rice, wheat, pulses, moong, urad, arhar, jute (with a recent decline in its production), and maize.

Apart from these, yajuar also produces many fruits including mangoes. Although mango trees can be found in the whole village, there is a special place called Bhagwanpur toal  where a variety of mango trees can be found. As estimated, there are more than 25,000 mango trees in Bhagwan pur toal.

The economy is not robust and the village is considered one of the poorest in India. Flooding destroys enormous amounts of crops every year. Due to the absence of industry, a weak educational infrastructure, and criminal politics, the majority of the area's youth have had to relocate for education and earnings.

There is only one Regional Rural Bank situated here near Gobind Chauk.

Education
There are many private and government schools in village. There is one high school and many middle schools like Harijan school, Middle school etc. & one college Ram Janki inter Mahavidyalaya for higher education which is situated near badi pokhar. In private schools, Gaytree Vidya Mandir is most popular

References

Villages in Muzaffarpur district


Tundla Junction is an important station in Uttar Pradesh. It is located on the Delhi–Howrah main line 25 km from Agra City. Tundla is a technical halt for changing drivers and guards for almost all of the trains on the New Delhi–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar / Lucknow sections. The station was built by the British and remains essentially unchanged. The railway station is a site in itself and takes one back to the pre-independence era.

Tundla Junction is important for the people of Agra and for tourists providing connections to the east of the country, i.e. Kolkata, Guwahati, Patna etc., and especially to the northern state of Uttar Pradesh.
It has connections to Agra Cantonment, Badaun, Bareilly Junction, Etawah, Aligarh Junction, Phaphund, Kanpur Central railway station etc.

History
 1972: Electrification from Howrah reaches Tundla.
 29 December 2002: Konkan Railway conducts a trial run of the Madgaon–Roha Express at 150 km/h (briefly touching 165 km/h at times) using a WDP-4 loco. In December, NR is said to have run trials with a WDP-4 hauling at train at up to 180 km/h on the Ghaziabad–Tundla section.
 13–21 December 2003: Trials with weak field arrangement for MEMUs on the Tundla–Kanpur section of NCR. With a "dense crush load" and stopping at all stations, a 4-car MEMU rake could reducee its total running time by 7% with a maximum speed of 90 km/h and 10% with a maximum speed of 100 km/h on the 228 km section, because of the improved acceleration.

References

External links

Railway stations in India opened in 1866
Railway junction stations in Uttar Pradesh
Railway stations in Firozabad district
Prayagraj railway division


Sultan Haji Hassan III Sri Dhaadha Veeru Mahaa Radhun was the sultan of Maldives from 1443 to 1467. He ascended the throne after the death of his father, Sultan Abookuru I. In his 25th year of reign he chose to pay a visit to Mecca for Hajj and he made his young son as the regent while he was away. While he was in Mecca he was deposed by Sayyidh Muhammad (later Sultan Sayyidh Muhammad).

But after returning from Mecca he regained the throne by deposing Sultan Sayyidh Muhanmed and restored the Hilaalee dynasty. When the sultan returned he brought 70 slaves whom he bought from Mecca's Slave Bazaar. He reigned for 26 years.

14th-century sultans of the Maldives


Cranbourne East is a proposed railway station on the Cranbourne railway line in the south-eastern Melbourne suburb of Cranbourne East, Victoria, Australia. It would be the terminus of a short extension from the current Cranbourne terminus, with the station to be located west of Broad Oak Drive and north of the Blue Hills retirement village, and adjacent to near the Casey Fields sporting complex.  There is a proposed pedestrian underpass to be built along with the station.

The station was promised by the Australian Labor Party during the 1999 and 2002 state election campaigns, but was dumped in May 2006. In November 2003, a "Trainlink" bus service was introduced as an alternative, meeting each train at Cranbourne station and running on a largely one-way loop through Cranbourne East. The then state government's Victorian Transport Plan, released in  December 2008, listed the station and associated rail extension as "medium term" project, which was estimated to cost $200 million.

In January 2018, City of Casey advised it would need almost $3 Billion worth of rail and road infrastructure to extend the metropolitan train from Cranbourne to Clyde with duplication of the line between Dandenong and Cranbourne.

References

Proposed railway stations in Melbourne


Haranath Chakraborty () is an Indian Bengali film director. He made his directorial debut with "Mangaldeep" (1989). Many of his movies have been critically acclaimed and enjoyed commercial success.

Early life and career
He was Born on 1 January 1959 in West Bengal. He was assistant director of Anjan Choudhury Group. His directorial debut film Mangaldeep was released in 1989.

Awards
Chakraborty's film, Ganrakal (2004) won the Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Clean & Entertainment Film Award.

Filmography

References

External links

1959 births
Living people
20th-century Indian film directors
Bengali film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Film directors from West Bengal


"Burn" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy. It was written by Taj Jackson, Jonas Jeberg, and Mich Hansen and was produced by Jeberg and Cutfather. "Burn" was released digitally on 17 November 2008 as the second single from Mauboy's debut studio album, Been Waiting (2008). Musically, "Burn" is an R&B-dance track that incorporates electronica influences. The song became Mauboy's first number-one on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for selling over 70,000 copies. "Burn" also became Mauboy's first charting single internationally, reaching number 92 on the Japan Hot 100.

In 2009, "Burn" received an ARIA No. 1 Chart Award and won 'Single of the Year' at The Deadly Awards. It was also nominated for 'Highest Selling Single' at the ARIA Music Awards. A corresponding music video for "Burn" was directed by Keir McFarlane and filmed at the Sydney Botanical Gardens. The video has garnered over one million views on YouTube/Vevo. In February 2012, "Burn" was featured in episode 17 of the fourth season of Packed to the Rafters. In 2014, a live version of "Burn" was featured on Mauboy's iTunes Session EP.

Background and composition

"Burn" was written by Taj Jackson, Jonas Jeberg, and Mich Hansen and was produced by Jeberg and Cutfather. It was made available for digital purchase on 17 November 2008. A digital extended play with an additional track and two remixes of "Burn", was released on 24 November. "Burn" is an R&B-dance track, that incorporates electronica influences. The song is written in the key of F minor. Lyrically, it features Mauboy singing to a cheating lover, "Look what you did to me / I need a doctor, cos this is starting to burn!".

A writer for muumuse.com wrote about the composition and production of the release, "'Burn' is quite modern in terms of production, and equally addictive upon replay. It's a bit more up-tempo, a bit more stomptastic, and the chorus is quite ear-friendly. Still loving her voice. Very Alesha-esque, minus the more grating cat-like yelps that often plague a typical Dixon track. Oh, and she's only 19 years old, which makes her sort of like the superior, Australian version of Jordin Sparks, no?"

Reception

Critical response

Nick Bond of MTV Australia wrote that the song is "worthy of Rihanna". Davey Boy of Sputnikmusic compared "Burn" to Mauboy's previous single "Running Back", writing it "is almost as good with its restrained use of electronica combining with a contagious chorus to result in a song which will be just as at home on radio as it is in the clubs." Dung Le of Mediasearch found "Burn" more "catchier" than "Running Back" and noted that its R&B grooves and catchy chorus will set "Jessica up well for a big assault in 2009 and a possible overseas release." "Burn" was awarded an ARIA No. 1 Chart Award for reaching number one on the ARIA Singles Chart. At the 2009 Deadly Awards, "Burn" won 'Single of the Year'. It was nominated for 'Highest Selling Single' at the 2009 ARIA Music Awards, but her previous single "Running Back" took that title. "Burn" became the fourth most-played song on Australian radio stations by February 2009.

In February 2009, "Burn" was removed from most Melbourne contemporary hit radios playlists because of its title and the Victorian bushfires that occurred during the time. Mauboy's manager David Champion said that Mauboy understood and supported the decision, saying: "Jessica is very mindful of the terribly traumatic situation that is occurring in Victoria. She does not want in any way to add to people's distress." Program director of 91.5 FM added that: "We have removed several songs from our line-up out of respect for the victims caught up in the tragedy. Even though these songs had nothing to do with the bushfires, they were a reflection of it."

Chart performance
"Burn" debuted at number 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart on 1 December 2008. After climbing the chart for seven consecutive weeks, "Burn" peaked at number one on 19 January 2009 and became Mauboy's first number-one single in Australia. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 70,000 copies. It also became Mauboy's first charting single internationally when it reached number 92 on the Japan Hot 100 on 25 April 2009.

Music video

The music video for "Burn" was directed by Keir McFarlane and filmed at the Sydney Botanical Gardens on 21 November 2008. It was uploaded to YouTube on 2 October 2009. The video begins with Mauboy sitting in the driver's seat of a red ferrari and then moves on to sing and dance in front of a bush. While singing the chorus of the song, Mauboy is seen outdoors with her backup dancers in front of a background of flames. The video then crosses over to club scenes where Mauboy is dancing alongside a bunch of people.

Live performances

Mauboy performed "Burn" on the Australian Idol grand finale show on 23 November 2008. She also performed the song at the 2008 Sydney New Year's Eve event. On 11 January 2009, Mauboy performed "Burn" during a Twenty20 cricket match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. On 19 January 2009, she performed "Burn" on Sunrise, which was broadcast live from the Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne. Mauboy performed the song at the Australia Day Live Concert held at the Parliament House, Canberra on 25 January 2009, dressed in a one piece black short jumpsuit. On 9 July 2009, Mauboy performed "Burn" at her first 'Live at the Chapel' concert, held at the Paddington Uniting Church in Sydney. At the 2009 ARIA Music Awards on 26 November, Mauboy performed a remixed version of "Burn", dressed in a black leather dress.

Mauboy performed "Burn" on her Galaxy Tour across Australia with Stan Walker from January through February 2012. Mauboy performed "Burn" again when she embarked on her first solo-headlining tour, the To the End of the Earth Tour, from 7 November 2013 to 24 January 2014 to help promote the release of her third studio album Beautiful (2013). Mauboy also performed the song at the Mbantua Festival, a celebration of Aboriginal Australian culture held in Alice Springs, Northern Territory. A live version of "Burn" was included on Mauboy's extended play iTunes Session (2014).

Track listing
 Digital download
 "Burn" – 2:53

 Digital EP
 "Burn" – 2:52
 "Runnin'" – 3:38
 "Burn" (Nufirm Remix) – 4:40
 "Burn" (Pop Embassy Remix) – 4:13

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes for Been Waiting.
 Don Bartley – mastering
 Tom Coyne – mastering
 Mich "Cutfather" Hansen – production
 Jonas Jeberg – production, programming
 Jessica Mauboy – vocals
 Audius Mtawarira – vocal production
 Matz Nilsson – mixing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certification

Release history

See also
 List of number-one singles in Australia in 2009
 List of songs recorded by Jessica Mauboy

References

2008 singles
2008 songs
Jessica Mauboy songs
Music videos directed by Keir McFarlane
Number-one singles in Australia
Songs written by Cutfather
Songs written by Jonas Jeberg
Sony Music Australia singles


Sultan Muhammad II Sri Bavana Mahaa Radhun was the Sultan of Maldives from 1467 to 1481, succeeding his father Sultan Hassan III to the throne. He is known as a cruel Sultan who ruled like his father.

15th-century sultans of the Maldives


Anna of Schweidnitz (Świdnica) (also known as Anne or Anna of Świdnica, , , ) (Świdnica, 1339 –  11 July 1362 in Prague) was Queen of Bohemia, German Queen, and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. She was the third wife of Emperor Charles IV.

Biography
Anne was the daughter of Polish Duke Henry II of Świdnica-Jawor from the Silesian branch of the Piast dynasty. Her mother was Katherine of Hungary, the daughter of Charles I of Hungary. In his autobiography written in Latin, which covers only his youth prior to marrying Anna, emperor Charles mentions civitatem Swidnitz and dux Swidnicensis, as depicted in the coat of arms room of his Wenzelschloss castle at Lauf an der Pegnitz near Nuremberg.

Anne's father died when she was four years old, and her childless uncle, Bolko II, Duke of Świdnica-Jawor became her guardian. She was brought up and educated by her mother at Visegrád in Hungary. At the age of 11, Anne had been promised to Wenceslaus, newborn son and successor to Charles IV. After the infant Wenceslaus and his mother Anna of the Palatinate died, the now-widowed Emperor asked to marry Anne himself. The planned marriage was part of the strategies devised by Charles and his then-deceased father John to gain control of the Piast Duchies of Silesia as vedlejší země ("neighboring countries") for the Kingdom of Bohemia. Anne's uncle, Louis I of Hungary, the future King of Poland, was able to assist her by renouncing his rights to Świdnica in favor of the House of Luxemburg.

At the instigation of archbishop Arnošt of Pardubice, Pope Innocent VI issued a dispensation for the marriage, which was required because of the degree of relationship between the bride and groom (they were second cousins once removed through their common ancestors Rudolf I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenberg). The two were married on 27 May 1353, when Anne was 14; her new husband was 37. The wedding was attended by Anne's guardian Bolko II of Świdnica, Duke Albert II of Austria, King Louis of Hungary, Margrave Louis of Brandenburg, Duke Rudolf of Saxony, an envoy of King Casimir III of Poland, and an envoy of the Republic of Venice.

On 28 July 1353, Anna was crowned Queen of Bohemia in Prague by Archbishop Arnošt of Pardubice. On 9 February 1354, in Aachen, she was crowned German queen. As part of the coronation of Charles as Holy Roman Emperor on 5 April 1355, in the Roman Basilica of Saint Peter, Anne was crowned Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. She was thereby the first Queen of Bohemia to become Empress.

In 1358, Anne bore a daughter, Elisabeth, who was named after Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330). In February 1361 she became mother of the desired successor to the throne, Wenceslaus, who was born in Nuremberg, and baptized on 11 April in the Sebalduskirche by the Archbishops of Prague, Cologne, and Mainz. She did not live to see the coronation of the two-year-old Wenceslaus, however. At age 23, she died in childbirth on 11 July 1362. She is buried in St. Vitus Cathedral. The emperor married Elisabeth of Pomerania one year later. The Duchies of Świdnica and Jawor passed to Bohemia after Bolko's death in 1368.

Ancestry

References

Literature

 Andreas Rüther: Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer. In: Schlesische Lebensbilder, Bd. VIII,
 Peter Moraw: Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. I, München 1980, Sp. 655
 F. Machilek: Anna von Schweidnitz. In: Schweidnitz im Wandel der Zeiten, Würzburg 1990, S. 317-322

External links

genealogie-mittelalter.de
Boehm-Chronik -- Landbuch des Fürstentums / Herzogtums Schweidnitz-Jauer

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1339 births
1362 deaths
Deaths in childbirth
Piast dynasty
14th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
14th-century German women
Countesses of Luxembourg
Anna
Burials at St. Vitus Cathedral
Queens consort of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)


Spin.FX is a Central Australian Indigenous band from the community of Papunya, Northern Territory. They sing in Luritja and play a mixture of reggae, rock, country and traditional sounds. The band's name is a modified spelling of spinifex.

Members
Stanley Roberts - vocals, guitar
Derek Williams - vocals, rhythm guitar
Amos Egan - vocals, lead guitar
Jason Butcher - drums
Esau Marshall - bass guitar, keyboards
Abraham Phillipus - bass
Leslie Pearce - backing vocals
Malcom Karpa - backing vocals
Lance McDonald

Discography
Ulumburruâ (2000) - CAAMA
Uluparru (2002) - CAAMA
Warumpinya (2006) - CAAMA

References
Deadly Vibe Issue 72 February 2003 Spin FX
Music Australia Uluparru
Music Australia Warumpinya

Northern Territory musical groups
Indigenous Australian musical groups


The Cables are a Jamaican rocksteady/reggae vocal trio led by Keble Drummond, who recorded for Studio One in the late 1960s.

History
The group was led by Keble Drummond (sometimes spelled Keeble), whose first name led to the name of the group. Drummond explained "Now, I look at something with a cable and wires, and I say, well, 'Cables' would be a good name because you could send a message across the world, and that's how I came up with the name". He was backed by harmony singers Elbert Stewart (baritone) and Vince Stoddart (tenor). Drummond was taught the basics of guitar by Peter Austin of The Clarendonians and write his first songs after attending a songwriting course. Drummond had previously been a member of The Sylastians, along with Barry Llewellyn and Earl Morgan of The Heptones, and Clive Campbell of The Aces, and the Cables were first formed in 1962. After recording a single for Sonia Pottinger around 1966, they recorded a string of singles for Studio One, and these were later collected on the album What Kind of World in 1970. "What Kind of World" has been described as "a classic...a low-key showcase for some of the most under-rated vocals of the age". Studio One boss Clement "Coxsone" Dodd built up demand for the "Baby Why" single by limiting it to sound system plays for four months before releasing it. The rhythm tracks were later employed by Dodd on several tracks by other artists. Unsatisfied with the lack of money received from Dodd, The Cables recorded for Harry J while they were still under contract to Studio One, with Drummond altering his voice and the single released under the name "Herbie Carter" (a real singer who recorded for Harry J) to avoid Dodd finding out. By 1970, The Cables had left Studio One. "(Everybody) Feel Alright" was entered into the Festival Song Contest in 1971, losing out to Eric Donaldson's "Cherry Oh Baby". They recorded a few more singles for producers such as J.J. Johnson, Harry J, and Bunny Lee ("Come On", recorded with Slim Smith), but failed to repeat their Studio One success. Drummond left the group to embark on an unsuccessful solo career in 1972, and briefly formed a new group, True Experience, with Trevor Shields and Bobby Ellis, releasing "My Girl" in 1974.

"Baby Why" formed the basis of deejay tracks from both Dennis Alcapone and Prince Jazzbo, and the rhythm was used by The Gladiators for their 1974 track "Rearrange".

A second album, Baby Why, produced by Harry J, was recorded in 1977, where they were backed by musicians from The in Crowd and Third World.

The Cables have reformed several times in the years that followed. Drummond earned a living working in a shoe factory during The Cables' peak and moved to the United States in 1979, later working for American Airlines.

A third album, also titles Baby Why and credited to "Cables and friends" was issued in 1993, and led to The Cables performing at the 1994 Reggae Sunsplash festival.

The three original members, along with tenor Owen "Bobby" Dockery, reunited in 2011 to perform at the Sierra Nevada World Music Festival in California.

Drummond released a solo album, Mellow Moods of Music, in August 2013.

Discography

Albums
What Kind of World (1970) Studio One
Baby Why (1977) Harry J
Baby Why (2002) VP (Cables and friends)

Keble Drummond
Mellow Moods of Music (2013)

Singles
The Cables
"Happy End" SEP
"I've Made Up My Mind" aka "Good Luck to You" (1966) Gay Disc
"You Betrayed Me" (1967) SEP
"What Kind of World" (1968) Studio One/Coxsone
"Baby Why" (1968) Studio One
"Love Is a Pleasure" (1968) Studio One
"Cheer Up" (1968) Studio One
"So Long" (1969) Bamboo
"Got to Find Someone" (1969) Studio One
"Happy Time" (1969) Harry J (credited to Herbie Carter)
"How Can I Trust You" (1970) Studio One/Bamboo
"Didn't I" (1970) Harry J
"Feel All Right" (1970) Harry J
"Salt of the Earth" (1970) Harry J
"Come On" (1970) Jackpot
"A Sometime Girl" (1971) Big Shot/Electro
"Mixing" (1971) Electro
"Be Wise" (1971) Panther
"Everybody's Got a Song to Sing" (1976) Trojan/Horse
"Jamaica" Afrik (1977)
"I've Got to Go Back Home" Harry J
"Baby I Love You" (197?) World Wide/Money Disc
"Fast Mouth" Gaydisc
"How Do You Think I Feel?" Gaydisc
"Rich Man Poor Man" Dynamic
"Too Much Talking" Bright Star

Keble Drummond
"Dangerous" (1972) Mud/Pama (b-side of the Phil Pratt All Stars' "Feel Good All Over")
"Your Pretty Face" (1973) Jackpot
"Praise Jah" (1976) Mummy
"Keep on Dancing" Mummy
"Imagine Now" Starlight
"The Twinkle is Gone" Harry J (credited to "Eric Fater")
"If Only Love Could Last"

Keble Drummond and The Cables
"Poor People" High Note
"What Kind of World" (1977) Island/Black Swan

References

External links
The Cables at Roots Archives
Leggett, Steve "[ The Cables Biography]", Allmusic, Macrovision Corporation
 The Cables Official Website

Jamaican reggae musical groups


Barbados–Canada relations are the bilateral relations between Canada and Barbados. In 1907, the Government of Canada opened a Trade Commissioner Service to the Caribbean region located in Bridgetown, Barbados. Following Barbadian independence from the United Kingdom in November 1966, the Canadian High Commission was established in Bridgetown, Barbados on 27 September 1973. There is a High Commission of Barbados in Ottawa and a Barbadian Consulate in Toronto. The relationship between both nations today partly falls under the larger gambit of Canada–Caribbean relations. As of 2014 it is estimated that as much as 8% of Canadian foreign investments in Barbados.

History
The relationship between the nations of Barbados and Canada extends as far back as the late 17th century. During this period, Barbados and the current provinces of Canada were a series of colonial possessions of Great Britain and France. In the early most instances of trade between the two regions, Barbados and Canada found themselves able to fill niche markets between one another's markets. The Bluenose vessels were instrumental to trade as Barbados and other islands exported their sugar and rum to the area of Canada, in return Canada exported salted cod and lumber supplies to the West Indies.  This trade continued for a number of years, however these ties eventually weaned as the influence of the Thirteen American colonies grew in importance for Canada, Barbados, and the wider West Indies region.

In 1907, the Government of Canada opened its Trade Commissioner Service to the Caribbean region. This was located on the current grounds of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Bridgetown, Barbados.

By the early 20th century several large Canadian financial institutions looked towards expansion into the West Indies. On 16 February 1911 the Royal Bank of Canada marked the opening of their first commercial branch in Barbados. then in 1920, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce did the same, and finally Scotiabank followed the first two in 1956.

In 1993-1994 Barbados had sought talks on entry into the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) along with Canada, Mexico, and the United States.  Although this was later abandoned in favor of having a hemispheric trade deal and because of belief that in Barbados joining NAFTA it would severely impact on the OECS states which depended on access to the Barbados market.

Economic relations
A growing legion of Canadian businesses and companies have established operations offering services in Barbados.  Barbados is one of the largest recipients of Canadian Foreign Direct Investment.

During the Fifth Barbados Charity Ball held in Canada David Thompson, the Prime Minister of Barbados and also its Minister of Finance announced that Canadians represent some 75% of the international financial community in Barbados.
The Canadian government has also played an extremely critical role in the continuation of the Barbados-based Caribbean Development Bank since its inception and acts as a significant lending country to the institution. The Government of Barbados is part of the Government of Canada's constituency at the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.Barbados-Canada relations vital

Politics

Around the time of the various colonies of Canada entering into the agreement for confederation, the powerful Barbados Agricultural Society, which was made up of influential Bajan plantation owners, put together a proposition for Barbados to take part in this Canadian confederation as well.  The proposal was made to Sir Francis Hincks, but the deal did not proceed and Barbados' interest subsided. It was not until the 1950s, just prior to the country of Barbados negotiating independence from the United Kingdom, that yet another movement for establishing some form of political association with Canada was broached yet again, this time spurred by several Barbadian members of parliament. As part of Canada's 150th anniversary, and Barbados's 50th anniversary of independence, the Central Bank of Barbados produced a segment regarding relations with Canada. The related paper by the Central Bank of Barbados reviewed all aspects of relations between both nations including previous movement towards political union.

In 2007, Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the desire to heighten Canada's profile in the Americas. As part of his plan, Harper and his Canadian envoy visited several nations of Latin America and the Caribbean regions which included Barbados. Stephen Harper took part in several closed-door meetings with the then Barbadian prime minister Owen Arthur and the other heads of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) group of nations. Since Harper's visit, Canada and Barbados have concluded a mutual skies agreement and are currently in the process of working on a bilateral free trade agreement which will encompass Barbados and the rest of CARICOM.

The Canadian High Commission to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean also spoke of the possibility of Barbadian and Canadian Companies forming joint ventures. At the time it was proposed that such an agreement could encompass infrastructure projects in the country of Barbados.

In addition to the Prime Minister's visit to Barbados, the Canadian Governor-General Michaëlle Jean also visited Barbados that same year where she met with the Governor-General of Barbados.

In 2008, the three largest stock exchanges in the Caribbean (Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago) mulled the possibility that the Caribbean Stock Exchanges might seek to associate in some way with the Toronto Stock Exchange. All three of these exchanges are currently seeking to join their three bourses into a more effective single Caribbean-wide unit known as the Caribbean Exchange Network.

In 2009 The Hon. Peter Kent, Minister of State of Foreign Affairs (Americas), saluted Barbados on achieving the country's 43rd anniversary of independence. In a press release the minister stated: "Canada salutes the people of Barbados as they mark their country's independence, Canada and Barbados have a long tradition of very close relations based on common values, people-to-people links and shared Commonwealth history."

The Crown Corporations known as the Barbados Water Authority and Canadian Commercial Corporation signed a $58 million deal in 2013 for the latter to help roll out fully digital water meters across the island of Barbados. The deal was facilitated through the Canadian High Commission office in Barbados.

In 2014 a trade mission from Barbados visited Nova Scotia to strengthen the level of trade among the two Atlantic regions.

In the spirit of close friendly relations in 2016, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary of Canada announced an April Fools' Day joke via Twitter that it had arranged a deal with the Government of Barbados for RNC officers to jointly patrol the beaches and other tourist areas of Barbados along with the local Royal Barbados Police Force during the Canadian winters.

Migration
A number of women from Canada come together to form The Canadian Women's Club of Barbados social club.

Canadians in Barbados
Eugene Melnyk (Canadian Businessman)
Pierre McMaster – Launched the Barbados-based mobile phone company Ozone Wireless.

Barbadians in Canada

Austin Clarke –novelist.
Anne Cools – Cools an Independent member, became the first person of afro-descent to be appointed Canadian Senate. Cools first entered into Canadian politics in 1978. She was appointed to the Senate in 1984.
Dr. William Duguid – A former member of the Barbados House of Assembly (M.P. for Christ Church West) living in Canada part-time.
Alan Emtage – Emtage developed one of the first examples of an Internet search utility.
Peter Fenty – Canada's first Black Bishop of the Anglican Church of Canada.
Keith Forde – Forde was the first visible minority Deputy Chief of Police in the history of the Toronto Police Service
Joe Fortes – the first official lifeguard in the city of Vancouver.
George Lamming – A novelist.
Richard Clement Moody – A Barbadian who established the then Colony of British Columbia (1858–66).
Patricia Whittaker – A 2006 candidate who sought in 2006 to become Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada after former Canadian Prime Minister, Paul Martin stepped down.

Tourism
During the 1970s, Canada became the largest source of tourists to Barbados. In 1979, roughly 97,000 Canadians visited the island of Barbados. Over time Barbados has seen market share from Canada shift towards lower cost Caribbean destinations such as Cuba or the Dominican Republic. Still yet many Canadians vacation in Barbados including past prime ministers. In 1965 one of Canada's former Prime Ministers, John Diefenbaker was saved by a future prime minister of Canada, John Turner after The Hon. Diefenbaker waded out too far in usually strong surf one morning. Something which surely could have altered the political landscape in Canada.

On 3 November 2008, WestJet commenced the airline's inaugural flight to Barbados. The main competitory of WestJet on this route is Air Canada. The airline announced the start of a four-flights per week schedule going from Toronto, Ontario to Barbados. During the post-inaugural flight ceremony held at the executive lounge of the Grantley Adams International Airport the Barbadian Minister of Tourism Richard Sealy said that the Barbados Tourism Authority was currently seeking to increase its tourism from Canada. He also offered opportunity to collaborate in the future with WestJet should they need a regional Caribbean hub. According to the Barbados Advocate newspaper Sealy stated "We are game if Westjet is interested, in becoming the regional hub for more of your business and we would certainly like to see not four flights a week, but eventually, if we can have a daily service. Grantley Adams is already an established hub and we can feed business into the other territories. So I think there are some possibilities for even greater levels of cooperation with Westjet" he remarked to his Canadian counterparts.

Bilateral agreements

Diplomatic offices
Both nations maintain direct high-level diplomatic representatives.
 High Commission of Barbados in Ottawa
 Consulate of Barbados in Toronto
 High Commission of Canada in Bridgetown

High Commission of Barbados in Ottawa
The High Commission is the primary diplomatic mission of Barbados in Canada.  Among the initial diplomatic missions to be established by Barbados after the attainment of independence from Britain

Initially the Office of the Barbados High Commission was established in June 1967 at: 151 Slater Street, Suite 200. It remained for a number of years before relocating.

The High Commission further represents the Government of Barbados in many areas including helping to facilitate the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program in Canada. In years past it collaborated with various institutions in Canada including: the National Council of Barbadian Associations of Canada Inc. (NCBAC), the Barbados (Ottawa) Association Inc., and the Barbados Family & Friends Club.  E. Evelyn Greaves is the resident Barbados government representative and High Commissioner to Canada, having succeeded Glyne Samuel Hyvesta Murray.

In 1989, the Barbados High Commission then under High Commissioner established the annual Errol Barrow Memorial Trust of Canada which awards worthy Canadians with educational scholarships. The 2013 fundraiser dinner and awards was hosted at the Ottawa City Hall.

The High Commissioner has participated in a number of community events in Ottawa including a major fund raising campaign for the Queensway Carleton Hospital Care Grows West expansion-project for which over CAD$5 million was raised.

Gallery

Notes

References

 Canadian Trade and Investment Activity: Canada–Barbados, Federal Parliament of Canada

External links

Barbados-Canada relations – Canadian Government
Profile on Barbados by industry and sector
Amount of Barbados-Canada trade
Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters – Barbados fact finding
Barbadian Consulate in Canada
The Barbados Ball Canada Aid (BBCA)

Canada
Bilateral relations of Canada
Canada
Canada and the Commonwealth of Nations