Diplomatic relations between the Argentine Republic and the United Mexican States, have existed for over a century. Both nations are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, G-20 major economies, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

History

Both Argentina and Mexico share a common history in the fact that both nations were once part of the Spanish Empire. During the Spanish colonial period, Mexico was then known as Viceroyalty of New Spain and the capital being Mexico City while Argentina was at first governed from the Viceroyalty of Peru in Lima and in 1776, Spain created the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata where the capital was established in Buenos Aires. In 1810, both Argentina and Mexico declared their independence from Spain with each nation obtaining independence in 1816 and 1821, respectively.

The first official diplomatic contract between the newly independent nations was in 1824 when Mexican President Guadalupe Victoria sent a letter to the government of Argentina stating "America [continent] has one cause: its unity and independence." In 1880, Argentina sent its first resident consul to Mexico and in 1891, Mexico reciprocated the gesture and sent its first resident consul to Argentina.

In May 1914, Mexico and the United States were on the verge of declaring war on each other over the Tampico Affair. At the time Argentina, along with Brazil and Chile belonged to the ABC nations group. In order to prevent war between Mexico and the United States; diplomats from the three South American nations met with officials from Mexico and the United States in Niagara Falls, Canada, to prevent a war between them. The peace conference ended in success and war was adverted.

In 1927, Argentina and Mexico elevated their diplomatic missions to that of embassies. Since then, diplomatic relations between the two nations have continued unabated. In 1960, Mexican President Adolfo López Mateos became the first Mexican head-of-state to pay a state visit to Argentina. In 1985, President Raúl Alfonsín was the first Argentine head-of-state to pay an official visit to Mexico. Since then, there have been several presidential visits between both nations respectfully. During the 1970s, Argentina was ruled by military generals which targeted anybody who did not support them. During the Dirty War, several thousand Argentine citizens fled the country and sought asylum in Mexico. In 1982, Argentina and the United Kingdom declared war on each other for the Falkland Islands (known also as the Malvinas). Mexico remained neutral on Argentina's claims to the islands during the war, however, today it supports Argentina's eventual possession of the islands.

Recently both nations have advocated for increased bilateral trade and closer interaction between Mercosur (which Argentina is a part of) and the Pacific Alliance (which Mexico is a part of). In February 2017, Presidents Enrique Peña Nieto and Mauricio Macri held a telephone conversation, in which President Macri highlighted the closeness and friendship between both nations, and expressed Argentina's support for Mexico against the position adopted by the Government of the United States under President Donald Trump towards Mexico.

In February 2021, Argentine President, Alberto Fernández, paid a visit to Mexico and met with Mexican President, Andrés Manuel López Obrador. While in Mexico, President Fernández visited an AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine plant of the town of Ocoyoacac which will provide both nations (and other nations in Latin America) with vaccines. Both nations celebrate 132 year of diplomatic relations.

High-level visits

Presidential visits from Argentina to Mexico

 President Raúl Alfonsín (1985, 1986, 1987)
 President Carlos Menem (1991, 1997)
 President Fernando de la Rúa (2000)
 President Eduardo Duhalde (2002)
 President Néstor Kirchner (2004, 2007)
 President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2010, 2011, 2012)
 President Alberto Fernández (2021)

Presidential visits from Mexico to Argentina

 President Adolfo López Mateos (1960)
 President Luis Echeverría (1974)
 President Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (1984)
 President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1990, 1992)
 President Ernesto Zedillo (1995, 1996)
 President Vicente Fox (2002, 2004, 2005)
 President Felipe Calderón (2008, 2010)
 President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012, 2016, 2018)

Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed numerous bilateral agreements such as an Agreement of Cooperation for the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy; Agreement on the Mutual Recognition for Degrees, Diplomas and Academic Degrees of Higher Education; Agreement on Air Transport; Agreement of Economic Cooperation; Agreement on Economic and Social Planning; Agreement on the Transfer of Convicted Nationals and Compliance with Criminal Sentences; Agreement of Cooperation for the Fight against the Abuse and Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances; Agreement for Touristic Cooperation; Agreement for Technical and Scientific Cooperation; Agreement of Cooperation in Cinematographic Co-production; Agreement for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments; Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in Income Tax Matter coming from the operation of Ships and Aircraft in International Transport; Agreement for Cultural and Educational Cooperation; Agreement Concerning Reciprocity in the use of Satellites and the Transmission and reception of signals from satellites for the provision of Satellite Services; Cooperation Treaty on Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters; Extradition Treaty; Agreement of Cooperation, Mutual Administrative Assistance and Exchange of Information in Customs Matters and an Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and to Prevent Tax Evasion Regarding Taxes on Income and Equity.

Transportation
There are direct flights between Argentina and Mexico with Aerolíneas Argentinas and Aeroméxico.

Trade relations
Over the years, two-way trade between Argentina and Mexico has increased substantially. In 2018, trade between the two nations totaled US$1.9 billion. Argentina's exports to Mexico include: aluminum, cowhide (leather), medicine and raw minerals. Mexico's exports to Argentina include: automobiles and parts, electronics (mobile phones) and chemical based products. Between 1999 and 2017, Argentine companies invested over US$6 billion in Mexico, making Argentina the 14th largest foreign direct investor in Mexico. Over 34 Argentine companies operate in Mexico with several multinational Argentinian companies operating in Mexico such as Bridas Corporation, Gupo Arcor and Techint. Between 2005 and 2013, Mexico invested over US$3.8 billion in Argentina. Several multinational Mexican companies operate in Argentina such as América Móvil, Cemex and Grupo Bimbo; among others.

Resident diplomatic missions

 Argentina has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate in Playa del Carmen.
 Mexico has an embassy in Buenos Aires.

See also
 Argentine Mexicans

References

Mexico
Bilateral relations of Mexico


Hathiyol  is ward No.1&2 of Balara Municipality in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,192 people living in 917 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Populated places in Sarlahi District


The Ministry Years is a two-volume posthumous compilation album series by the American contemporary Christian music pianist and singer Keith Green, originally released in 1987 and 1988. Each two-disc volume covers half of Green's recording career: 1977–1979 and 1980–1982. Included with each volume is a 19-page booklet insert. These compilation albums include several previously unreleased songs (denoted by a ** below). Both volumes were re-released in 1999 with new covers patterned after the Songs of... series. The re-issue also includes a digital copy of the book No Compromise: The Life Story of Keith Green.

Track listings
Volume One: 1977–1979

Volume Two: 1980–1982

Notes

References

Compilation album series
Keith Green albums
1987 compilation albums
1988 compilation albums
Compilation albums published posthumously


Hempur  is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,149 people living in 846 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Populated places in Sarlahi District


Daisy Whitney is an American young adult fiction author and multimedia reporter. Her novels include The Mockingbirds, The Rivals, When You Were Here, Starry Nights, and The Fire Artist.

Biography

Whitney has a 1994 degree in art history from Brown University. In 2007, while working as a reporter for TelevisionWeek, Whitney created the webcast "New Media Minute" with her videographer husband, broadcast on BeetTV.com, iMedia and other sites.

She has published several young adult fiction novels. The Mockingbirds was published in 2010, followed by its sequel The Rivals in 2012. In 2013, she published When You Were Here, which she has said was in part inspired by the film Lost in Translation. Starry Nights was also published in 2013, followed by The Fire Artist in 2014.

Books

 When You Were Here, Little, Brown and Company, 2013,
 The Mockingbirds, Little, Brown and Company, 2012,
 Starry Nights, Bloomsbury. 2013,

References

External links

American women journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Brown University alumni
21st-century American women writers


Walter Scherff (1 November 1898 – 24 May 1945) was a German army officer and military historian with the rank of Generalmajor, who was appointed by Adolf Hitler to the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht in May 1942 to compile the history of the war, as the Führer's Commissioner for the Writing of Military History.

Early career

Walter Scherff was born on 1 November 1898 in Cannstatt, Württemberg as the son of construction council. At the age of 17 he passed his Kriegsabitur (war time diploma, a school leaving certificate under accelerated conditions) and was assigned as Fahnenjunker (Cadet Officer) to the replacement battalion of 127th Infantry Regiment (9. Württembergisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 127) in Ulm.

Scherff was transferred to the Western Front few weeks later and was promoted to Fähnrich (Officer candidate) in September 1916. He participated in the Battle of the Somme and rose to the capacity of Platoon leader. Scherff was commissioned Leutnant (Second lieutenant) in February 1917 and took part in the combats in Lorraine, Aisne and Verdun. Scherff was later wounded in action and following his recovery, he served as Battalion's Adjutant in his regiment. For his service during the War, he was decorated with both classes of the Prussian Iron Cross and also received Württemberg Military Merit Medal for bravery.

Interwar period

Following the War, Scherff was accepted into the new Army of Germany, the Reichswehr, limited by the terms of Treaty of Versailles only to 100,000 men. He served with 26th Rifle Regiment (Reichswehr-Schützen-Regiment 26) as company commander, before he was transferred to the 13th Infantry Regiment in Ludwigsburg in early 1920. Scherff was appointed Adjutant of 3rd Battalion of his regiment in Ulm in 1923 and while in this capacity, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (First lieutenant) in April 1925.

In early 1927, Scherff assumed duty as commander of 12th Company (Machine Gun) in his regiment and remained in that capacity until October that year, when he was transferred to the regimental staff under Colonel Kurt von Greiff. He later led 8th Company (Machine Gun) of his regiment until October 1929, when he was assigned to the staff of 5th Division under Generalleutnant Hans Freiherr Seutter von Lötzen in Stuttgart. While in this capacity, Scherff completed three-year general staff training.

Upon completion of the training in October 1929, Scherff assumed command of 3rd Company of 12th Cavalry Regiment in Grimma, Saxony. He served for one year in this capacity, when he was transferred to the Reichswehrministerium in Berlin. While there, Scherff was promoted to Hauptmann (Captain) in March 1933 and transferred to the Generalstab in October 1935.

In April 1936, Scherff was appointed company commander in 13th Infantry Regiment and was promoted to Major in August that year. He was subsequently transferred to the staff of 21st Infantry Division in Elbing, East Prussia in April 1937 and served as 1st General Staff officer under Generalleutnant Albert Wodrig.

Scherff was ordered back to Berlin in October 1938 and assigned to the Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH - supreme command of the Army) for service with the 7th Department of the Oberquartiermeister (Higher logistics general). He was promoted to Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant colonel) in April 1939.

World War II

Following the outbreak of World War II, Scherff assumed duty as Chief of the 7th Department in OKH and was promoted to Oberst (Colonel) in September 1941. He was transferred to the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht in May 1942 and appointed by Adolf Hitler to compile the history of the war, as the Führer's Commissioner for the Writing of Military History. During his first visit in the office of General Friedrich von Rabenau, the Chief of Army Archive in May 1942, Scherff had an argument with him over the concept of work of Army Archive. As ardent Nazi, Scherff opposed Rabenau's vision to conduct objective research work, pointed that only relevant thing for Archive's work are Hitler's directives and orders.

One month later, Scherff succeeded General Rabenau as Chief of Army Archiv and Rabenau, who was known as a harsh critic of Nazism, was relieved of duties as politically unreliable. Rabenau was later involved in the 20 July Plot and executed in 1945.

As a new Chief for military history, Scherff was tasked with the unified presentation of fight for Greater German Reich and was responsible for determinating, which military literature is suitable to be published and used. For his new assignment, Scherff was promoted to Generalmajor in September 1943 and later received both classes of War Merit Cross with swords for his merits.

He was also present at the Wolf's Lair headquarters in Rastenburg, East Prussia during the 20 July plot and was seriously injured by the bomb. Scherff was burned in the face and both hands and Adolf Hitler later visited him in the hospital. For his wounds, Scherff was decorated personally by Hitler with the Wound Badge of 20 July 1944 as one of the twenty four recipients of this award.

Scherff was responsible for the destruction of parts of the complete stenographic record of Hitler's military conferences despite not having the authority to do so. Those copies under the administration of the Stenographic Service were ordered burned early in May 1945, at his direction. His personal copies were also "probably" burned, according to historians, as "Scherff made it plain that his opinion of Hitler as a general had changed, and he strongly criticized the military strategy of the last few years."

A great admirer of Hitler, he committed suicide by means of a cyanide capsule while in American captivity. Scherff was married to Ella Haas.

Decorations
 Wound Badge of 20 July 1944
War Merit Cross (1939) with Swords
 2nd Class
 1st Class
 Prussian Iron Cross (1914)
 2nd Class (World War I)
 1st Class (World War I)
 Württemberg Military Merit Medal (World War I)
 Wound Badge in Black (World War I)
 Wound Badge of 20 July 1944
 Wehrmacht Long Service Award, 1st Class
 Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918

References

Printed

1898 births
1945 suicides
Major generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)
Nazis who committed suicide in Germany
Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody
Recipients of the Iron Cross, 1st class
Suicides by cyanide poisoning
German military personnel who committed suicide
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
Prisoners who died in United States military detention
Military personnel from Stuttgart
People wounded in the 20 July plot


Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Petard, after the petard, a type of bomb:

  was an  launched in 1916 and sold in 1921.
  was a P-class destroyer launched in 1941. She was converted to a frigate in 1956 and was broken up in 1967.

Royal Navy ship names


Ishworpur  is a Municipality in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 by merging the existing Bela, Bhaktipur, Gaurishankar and Ishwarpur VDCs. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 14,014 people living in 249 individual households.

Literacy
Nowadays, with the help of social awareness programs operated by many NGOs, government, media & many locals literacy rate is increasing.

Media
To promote local culture, Ishwarpur has one FM radio station Samudayik Radio ekata - 92.4 MHz It is a Community radio Station which among others is more popular in this area.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Populated places in Sarlahi District
Municipalities in Madhesh Province
Nepal municipalities established in 2014


ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) is a quarterly scientific journal that aims to disseminate the latest findings of note in the field of numeric, symbolic, algebraic, and geometric computing applications.

The journal publishes two kinds of articles: Regular research papers that advance the development of algorithms and software for mathematical computing, and "algorithms papers" that describe a specific implementation of an algorithm and that are accompanied by the source code for this algorithm.

Algorithms described in the transactions are generally published in the Collected Algorithms of the ACM (CALGO). Algorithms published since 1975 (and some earlier ones) are all still available.

Software that accompanies algorithm papers is accessible by anyone via the CALGO website.

History
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software is one of the oldest scientific journals specifically dedicated to mathematical algorithms and their implementation in software, and has been published since March 1975 by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

The journal is described as follows on the TOMS Homepage of the ACM Digital Library page:

The purpose of the journal was laid out by its founding editor, John Rice, in the inaugural issue. The decision to found the journal came out of the 1970 Mathematical Software Symposium at Purdue University, also organized by Rice, who then negotiated with both SIAM and the ACM regarding its publication.

References

External links
Journal home page
ACM Collected Algorithms

Transactions on Mathematical Software
Academic journals established in 1975


References

1998 ballet premieres, List of
Lists of ballet premieres by year
Lists of 1990s ballet premieres
Ball


Stanley Woodley Betts CBE (23 March 1912 – 7 June 2003) was an Anglican bishop in the 20th century.

Life
Betts was educated at Perse School and Jesus College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1936 and was successively a wartime chaplain with the RAF, a chaplain at Clare College, Cambridge, the Vicar of Holy Trinity, Cambridge and then, in 1956, the Bishop of Maidstone with the additional title of Archbishop of Canterbury's Episcopal Representative with the three Armed Forces. (Before his appointment, the last Bishop of Maidstone had been Leslie Owen, who was translated to Lincoln in 1946.) From 1966 he was Dean of Rochester, a post he held for 11 years.

References

1912 births
People educated at The Perse School
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
World War II chaplains
Bishops of Maidstone
Bishops to the Forces
20th-century Church of England bishops
Deans of Rochester
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
2003 deaths
Royal Air Force chaplains


The Sardinian regional election of 1994 took place on 12 and 26 June 1994.

The election took place under the provision of a new electoral law, which created a new system under which for the first time ever voters could express an indirect choice for the President through voting the candidate's coalition.

The election was won on the second round by the Progressives' coalition and Federico Palomba (PDS) was elected President of the Region for the 1994–1999 term. Although he didn't manage to win a majority of seats in the Regional Council, he was able to form a government with the external support of centrist and regionalist parties.

New electoral system
As had happened for the March 1994 national election, also in Sardinia a new electoral system was introduced. The proportional representation established after the end of World War II had been abolished and a new majoritarian system based on different pre-electoral coalition was introduced.

For the first time ever Sardinians were asked to choice directly the President of the Region. If no candidates received at least 50% of votes, the top three candidates could go to a second round after two weeks. In this case, the candidate who received more votes would have been elected president.

The election of the Regional Council was based on a direct choice for the candidate with a preference vote. Sixty-four councillors were elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists; remained seats and votes were grouped at regional level where a Hare quota was used, and then distributed to provincial party lists. Sixteen councillors were instead elected at-large using a general ticket: parties were required to group in alliances, and the alliance which received a plurality of votes elected some candidates, its leader becoming the President of Sardinia. Also in this case, the number of the seats for each party was determined proportionally.

Results

References

Elections in Sardinia
1994 elections in Italy
June 1994 events in Europe


The 2007 European Junior Swimming Championships were held from July 18 to July 22, 2007 in Antwerp, Belgium.

Medal table

Medal summary

Boy's events

|-
| 50 m freestyle

|-
| 100 m freestyle

|-
| 200 m freestyle

|-
| 400 m freestyle

|-
| 800 m freestyle

|-
| 1500 m freestyle

|-
| 50 m backstroke

|-
| 100 m backstroke

|-
| 200 m backstroke

|-
| 50 m breaststroke

|-
| 100 m breaststroke

|-
| 200 m breaststroke

|-
| 50 m butterfly

|-
| 100 m butterfly

|-
| 200 m butterfly

|-
| 200 m individual medley

|-
| 400 m individual medley

|-
| 4×100 m freestyle relay

|-
| 4×200 m freestyle relay

|-
| 4×100 m medley relay

|}

Girl's events

|-
| 50 m freestyle

|-
| 100 m freestyle

|-
| 200 m freestyle

|-
| 400 m freestyle

|-
| 800 m freestyle

|-
| 1500 m freestyle

|-
| 50 m backstroke

|-
| 100 m backstroke

|-
| 200 m backstroke

|-
| 50 m breaststroke

|-
| 100 m breaststroke

|-
| 200 m breaststroke

|-
| 50 m butterfly

|-
| 100 m butterfly

|-
| 200 m butterfly

|-
| 200 m individual medley

|-
| 400 m individual medley

|-
| 4×100 m freestyle relay

|-
| 4×200 m freestyle relay

|-
| 4×100 m medley relay

|}

J
S
European Junior Swimming Championships
S
Sports competitions in Antwerp
July 2007 sports events in Europe
2000s in Antwerp
Swimming


Vanda Maria Hădărean (born May 3, 1976, in Cluj-Napoca, Romania) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who competed in international events between 1990 and 1993. She is an Olympic silver medalist and a world bronze medalist with the team and a European all around bronze medalist.  She is also a successful fitness model and she has won various world class fitness competitions. She is a four-time Ms. Fitness World (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011) and a four-time Ms. Fitness Canada (2006–2009). She also coaches, trains, provides consultation services to gymnasts and fitness models under the brand name “Inspired by Vanda”. She is also known for her breakout photo series in the Romanian Playboy magazine.

Early gymnastics career
Hădărean began gymnastics at the age of five, after a local coach spotted her talent and potential while she was playing in the park. At 13, she was selected to the Junior National team and moved to Onesti to train. During her junior career she won the all around title at the Junior European Championships in 1991, the gold medal on uneven bars and placed sixth on beam and tied for the fourth place on floor.

Senior gymnastics career
As a senior gymnast Hădărean was a consistent member of the Romanian team, helping the team to win the bronze medal at the 1991 World Championships and the silver medal at the 1992 Olympic Games. Individually she won the bronze medal in the all around event at the 1992 European championships. At the same competition she placed sixth on uneven bars and seventh on floor.
During her senior career she was often overshadowed by many of the other strong Romanians of her time such as Lavinia Miloșovici, Cristina Bontaș, and Gina Gogean. As a result, she did not have as many opportunities to compete in individual events due to the 3-per-country rule.  For example, at the 1992 Olympic Games Hădărean placed eleventh in the qualification for the all around event behind Bontaș, third, Miloșovici, fourth, and Gogean, seventh.

Coaching career
Hădărean retired from competitive gymnastics in 1994. After graduating high school in Deva she moved on to a sports university. Shortly after enrolling in the university, she received a coaching position in Canada that she accepted. Hadarean quit school and moved to Canada where she coached at Mountain Star Gymnastics in Hamilton, Ontario and a second gym in Peterborough, Ontario. After more than two years coaching in Canada, she moved to the US to coach in Houston, Texas at Moceanu Gymnastics Incorporated (MGI). When MGI closed, she moved to South Carolina to coach at Golden Strip Gymnastics (now renamed Champions Gymnastics). This position was short-lived however, and she returned to Romania.
Back home, Hădărean began working for a private aerobics club, EOS Aerobic Centre, in Cluj-Napoca. At the age of 24, she returned to Canada in early November 2000, and began coaching at Mountain Star Gymnastics in Hamilton again. In mid-2001 she began a new coaching position at Tumblers Gymnastics Centre in Ottawa, Canada's capital. She served as the club's first provincial-level coach, focusing on choreography and strengthening the club's female elite program.

Fitness career
Following the advice of a good friend Hădărean started to compete in fitness modeling and fitness routines. She had a successful debut in fitness in 2005 by winning the Ms. Fitness Canada title and finishing fourth at the Ms. World Fitness event. She continued her fitness career by winning three more Ms. Fitness Canada titles (2006, 2007, 2008), a second place at Ms. World Fitness in 2007 and four consecutive Ms. World Fitness titles (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011).
Hădărean was on the cover of several magazines such as “Serious about fitness”, November 2005 and March 2008, “Ms. Fitness Magazine”, Spring 2008 and "Oxygen", October 2009.

She is also a successful fitness coach. Three of the girls coached by her at Tumblers reached the podium in the junior and teen events at the 2008 Ms. Fitness Canada competition. Emily MacDougall and Alexa Charett came first and second in the teen event and Emily Tippins placed second in the junior category.

Brand name
Currently Hădǎrean coaches and trains through her signature “Inspired by Vanda” programs at Soma Health and Fitness Ottawa Canada. She also makes promotional appearances and provides consultation services to gymnasts and other fitness, fitness model, and figure competitors.

Awards
She was twice awarded the title “Gymnast of the Year” by her hometown Cluj and once awarded “Gymnast of the Year” by Neutron Sports Canada.

References

External links
 Vanda Hadarean's official website

1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
European champions in gymnastics
Romanian gymnastics coaches
Fitness and figure competitors
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics


Threefish is a symmetric-key tweakable block cipher designed as part of the Skein hash function, an entry in the NIST hash function competition. Threefish uses no S-boxes or other table lookups in order to avoid cache timing attacks; its nonlinearity comes from alternating additions with exclusive ORs.  In that respect, it is similar to Salsa20, TEA, and the SHA-3 candidates CubeHash and BLAKE.

Threefish and the Skein hash function were designed by Bruce Schneier, Niels Ferguson, Stefan Lucks, Doug Whiting, Mihir Bellare, Tadayoshi Kohno, Jon Callas, and Jesse Walker.

Description of the cipher

Threefish works on words of 64 bits (unsigned Little endian integers).  is the number of plaintext words and also of key words. The tweak consists of two words. All additions and subtractions are defined modulo .

Key schedule

Threefish encrypts in  rounds and uses  different round keys. After every four rounds, and before the first,  round key words are added to the  data words. To calculate the round keys an additional key word  is appended to the original key words . Also, an additional tweak word  is appended to the tweak words .

The purpose of the seemingly arbitrary constant  is to frustrate some attacks that take advantage of the relationship between  and the other keywords.

The round key words  are now defined like this:

Here , where  is the number of the round in which the round key word  is used.

Mix function

The mix function takes a tuple of words  and returns another tuple of words . The function is defined like this:

 is a fixed set of rotation constants chosen to achieve quick diffusion.

Permute
The permutation step swaps the positions of the words according to a constant pattern.
Bit-level permutation is not achieved in this step, but this is not necessary since the MIX functions
provides bit-level permutations in the form of bitwise rotations. The Permute step and rotation constants
in the MIX functions are chosen in such a way that the overall effect is complete diffusion of all the bits
in a data block.

Because this permutation is fixed and independent of the key, the time needed to compute it does not provide
information about the key or plaintext. This is important because on most modern microprocessors performance
optimisations can make the time taken to compute an array operation dependent on where the data is stored in memory.
In ciphers where array lookup depends on either the key or plaintext (as is the case for the substitution step in AES),
it can make the cipher vulnerable to timing attacks by examining the time required
for encryption. The permutation is therefore deliberately designed to ensure that it should execute in the same fashion
independent of the key being used or the data encrypted.

A full Threefish round

 if  the round key  is added to word
 the mix function is applied to pairs of words, the rotation widths  depend on round number  and word pair
 the words are permutated using a permutation independent from the round number

Threefish256 and Threefish512 apply this round  times (). Threefish1024 applies it 80 times ().

Final operations
After all rounds are applied, the last round key words  are added to the words and the words are converted back to a string of bytes.

Security
In October 2010, an attack that combines rotational cryptanalysis with the rebound attack was published. The attack mounts a known-key distinguisher against 53 of 72 rounds in Threefish-256, and 57 of 72 rounds in Threefish-512. It also affects the Skein hash function. This is a follow-up to the earlier attack published in February, which breaks 39 and 42 rounds respectively. In response to this attack, the Skein team tweaked the rotation constants used in Threefish and thereby the key schedule constants for round 3 of the NIST hash function competition.

In 2009, a related key boomerang attack against a reduced round Threefish version was published. For the 32-round version, the time complexity is  and the memory complexity is ; for the 33-round version, the time complexity is  with a negligible memory usage. The attacks also work against the tweaked version of Threefish: for the 32-round version, the time complexity is  and the memory complexity is ; for the 33-round version, the time complexity is  with a negligible memory usage.

See also
 Twofish
 Blowfish (cipher)

References

External links
 "The Skein Hash Function Family"  Homepage of the Skein Hash Function Family.

Block ciphers
Free ciphers


National symbols of Peru are the symbols that are used in Peru to represent what is unique about the nation, reflecting different aspects of the cultural life and history. The national symbols of Peru are established by law and part of the Political Constitution of Peru (Article 49).

Official symbols
The official symbols of Peru are established by law and part of the Political Constitution of Peru (Article 49).

Unofficial symbols

Peruvian icons
Icons of Peruvian culture.

See also
 List of national animals
 List of national anthems
 List of national birds
 List of national flowers

References


The Collected Jorkens is a three-volume omnibus collection of fantasy short stories by author Lord Dunsany and issued by Night Shade Books, then of Portland, Oregon.

Jorkens
The Jorkens stories are "told" in the setting of a London gentleman's or adventurers' club of which the title character and the narrator are members, and usually open with another member mentioning an interesting experience he has had; this rouses Jorkens, who in return for a whisky-and-soda goes the other member one better with an extraordinary tall tale, supposedly from his own past. His stories often tip well over the boundaries of the plausible, into the realms of fantasy, horror, or even science fiction, and his auditors can never be quite sure what proportion of what he relates was truly experienced and to what degree he might have embellished.

Contents
The first volume comprises The Travel Tales of Mr. Joseph Jorkens, first published in London by G. P. Putnam's Sons in April, 1931 (and then in the USA), and Jorkens Remembers Africa, first published in New York City by Longmans, Green & Co. in 1934 (and then in the UK).
The second volume gathers the third and fourth books of Dunsany's Jorkens tales, with two previously uncollected pieces. The books, Jorkens Has a Large Whiskey and The Fourth Book of Jorkens, were originally published in 1940 and 1947 respectively (the latter's 1948 USA edition from Arkham House was for many years the only Jorkens volume widely available).
The third volume gathers the fifth and sixth books of Dunsany's Jorkens tales, with three previously uncollected pieces, including the last Jorkens story written. The books, Jorkens Borrows Another Whiskey and The Last Book of Jorkens were originally published in 1954 and 2002 respectively (the latter, prepared for publication around 1957, and only discovered in 2001, was published in a limited edition, with an introduction explaining its origins - not reproduced in the omnibus volume).  The fifth book brought one key story in which Jorkens is joined by his most frequent adversary, Terbut, while the sixth book contains two stories written as late as 1957 (February and August); the author died in October 1957.

The first volume was issued in a leatherette-bound hardback, with a stamped illustration (from Sidney Sime) and no dust jacket, in early 2004. It had originally been scheduled for release in 2003 with a dust jacket illustrated by Charles Vess but the publisher announced initially delays, and then a change to the format, due to the artist's heavy schedule. The second volume was also published in 2004, while the third was published in 2005.

Volume One
 Brief Foreword to the Complete Edition of Jorkens by the 20th Baron of Dunsany (in Table of Contents as Preface)
 Dunsany, Lord of Fantasy by Arthur C. Clarke
 Introduction by S.T. Joshi
 Bibliographical Notes
 Preface to The Travel Tales of Mr Joseph Jorkens
 "The Tale of the Abu Laheeb"
 "The King of Sarahb"
 "How Jembu Played for Cambridge"
 "The Charm against Thirst"
 "Our Distant Cousins"
 "A Large Diamond"
 "A Queer Island"
 "The Electric King"
 "A Drink at a Running Stream"
 "A Daughter of Rameses"
 "The Showman"
 "Mrs. Jorkens"
 "The Witch of the Willows"
 Preface to Mr Jorkens Remembers Africa
 "The Lost Romance"
 "The Curse of the Witch"
 "The Pearly Beach"
 "The Walk to Lingham"
 "The Escape from the Valley"
 "One August in the Red Sea"
 "The Bare Truth"
 "What Jorkens Has to Put Up With"
 "Ozymandias"
 "At the End of the Universe"
 "The Black Mamba"
 "In the Garden of Memories"
 "The Slugly Beast"
 "Earth's Secret"
 "The Persian Spell"
 "Stranger Than Fiction"
 "The Golden Gods"
 "The Correct Kit"
 "How Ryan Got out of Russia"
 "The Club Secretary"
 "A Mystery of the East"

Volume Two
 Brief Foreword to the Collected Edition of Jorkens (by the 20th Baron Dunsany)
 Preface by T.E.D. Klein
 Introduction by S.T. Joshi
 Bibliographical Note
 "Preface to Jorkens Has a Large Whiskey"
 "Jorkens' Revenge"
 "Jorkens Retires from Business"
 "Jorkens Handles a Big Property"
 "The Invention of Dr. Caber"
 "The Grecian Singer"
 "The Jorkens Family Emeralds"
 "A Fishing Story"
 "Jorkens in High Finance"
 "The Sign"
 "The Angelic Shepherd"
 "The Neapolitan Ice"
 "The Development of the Rillswood Estate"
 "The Fancy Man"
 "The Lion and the Unicorn"
 "A Doubtful Story"
 "Jorkens Looks Forward"
 "Jorkens Among the Ghosts"
 "Elephant Shooting"
 "African Magic"
 "Jorkens Consults a Prophet"
 "A Matter of Business"
 "The Invention of the Age"
 "The Sultan, the Monkey and the Banana"
 "Pundleton's Audience"
 "The Fight in the Drawing-Room"
 "The Ivory Poacher"
 "Making Fine Weather"
 "Mgamu"
 "The Haunting of Halahanstown"
 "The Pale-Green Image"
 "Jorkens Leaves Prison"
 "The Warning"
 "The Sacred City of Krakovlitz"
 "Jorkens Practices Medicine and Magic"
 "Jarton's Disease"
 "On the Other Side of the Sun"
 "The Rebuff"
 "Jorkens' Ride"
 "The Secret of the Sphinx"
 "The Khamseen"
 "The Expulsion"
 "The Welcome"
 "By Command of Pharaoh"
 "A Cricket Problem"
 "A Life's Work"
 "The Ingratiating Smile"
 "The Last Bull"
 "The Strange Drug of Dr. Caber"
 "A Deal with the Devil"
 "Strategy at the Billiards Club"
 "Jorkens in Witch Wood"
 "Lost"
 "The English Magnifico"
 "The Cleverness of Dr. Caber"
 "Fairy Gold"
 "A Royal Dinner"
 "A Fight With Knives"
 "Out West"
 "In a Dim Room"
 "After Many a Summer"
 "Jorkens' Problem"

Volume Three
 "Brief Foreword to the Collected Edition of Jorkens" (by the 20th Baron Dunsany)
 "Preface" by Michael Dirda
 "Introduction" by S.T. Joshi
 "Bibliographical Note"
 "Preface to Jorkens Borrows Another Whiskey"
 "The Two-Way War"
 "A Nice Lot of Diamonds"
 "Letting Bygones be Bygones"
 "The Lost Invention"
 "On Other Paths"
 "The Partner"
 "Poulet a la Richelieu"
 "A Walk in the Night"
 "One Summer's Evening"
 "A Friend of the Family"
 "An Eccentricity of Genius"
 "Influenza"
 "The Unrecorded Test Match"
 "Idle Tears"
 "Among the Neutrals"
 "An Idyll of the Sahara"
 "The Devil among the Willows"
 "A Spanish Castle"
 "The New Moon"
 "The Gods of Clay"
 "A Rash Remark"
 "The Story of Jorkens' Watch"
 "The Track Through the Wood"
 "Snow Water"
 "The Greatest Invention"
 "The Verdict"
 "A Conversation in Bond Street"
 "The Reward"
 "Which Way?"
 "A Desperado in Surrey"
 "Misadventure"
 "A Long Memory"
 "An Absentminded Professor"
 "Greek Meets Greek"
 "A Fatal Mistake"
 "A Prophet Without Honour"
 "A Big Bang"
 "Jorkens’ Regret"
 "The Two Scientists"
 "The Lost Charm"
 "Bringing Things Up to Date"
 "A Snake Story"
 "The Deal"
 "In the Mojave"
 "A Modern Conqueror"
 "The Little Light"
 "Across the Colour Bar"
 "A Bit of Counter-Espionage"
 "A Wonderful Day"
 "Not Guilty"
 "The Explanation"
 "A Deal with a Witch"
 "Jorkens’ Dilemma"
 "A Plaything of Our Betters"
 "The Visitor"
 "On Wings of Song"
 "The Two Jenets"
 "A Meeting of Spirits"
 "The Ultimate Goal"

Footnotes

2004 short story collections
2005 short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Short story collections by Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany
Night Shade Books books


Ahmed Garba (born 24 May 1980), commonly known as Yaro Yaro, is a Nigerian football manager and former player, who played as a striker.

Career
Garba was a member of the Nigeria national team at the 1998 Carlsberg Cup.

In 1997, he was reportedly offered a four-year contract by a Borussia Dortmund II. However, the Nigerian Football Association did not allow the transfer from Kano Pillars to go through.

In 2012, Garba joined Nigerian Premier League club Wikki Tourists F.C.

In July 2015, he was made interim manager of Kano Pillars.

Honours
Nigeria
 Carlsberg Cup: 1998

External links

References

Living people
1980 births
Nigerian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Danish Superliga players
Enyimba F.C. players
Akademisk Boldklub players
Kano Pillars F.C. players
Nigerian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Nigeria men's international footballers
Sportspeople from Kano


The Atlantic Greyhound Lines (called also Atlantic or AGL), a highway-coach carrier, was a Greyhound regional operating company, based in Charleston, West Virginia, USA, from 1931 until 1960, when it became merged with the Southeastern Greyhound Lines (called also Southeastern, SEG, SEGL, or the SEG Lines), a neighboring operating company, thus forming the Southern Division of The Greyhound Corporation (the parent Greyhound firm), which division became called also the Southern Greyhound Lines (GL).

Midland Trail Transit Company
The story of the Atlantic GL starts with the Midland Trail Transit Company, which began in July 1924, under the leadership of Arthur Hill (formerly the secretary and treasurer of the Charleston Interurban Railroad Company) – to run – after buying two pre-existing carriers (the White Transportation Company and the Huntington-Charleston Motor Bus Company) – between Charleston and Huntington (both in West Virginia), along one segment of a highway named as the Midland Trail (later designated as US highway 60).

The Midland Trail firm continued to grow, mostly by buying more existing companies.

Blue and Gray Transit Company
Hill incorporated the Blue and Gray (called also B&G) Transit Company in Charleston, West Virginia in May 1927 – to buy his own Midland Trail firm and at least three other highway carriers (thus increasing his route network) – to make it easy and simple to consolidate all the permits and certificates of all the predecessor firms.

B&G continued to expand, through Portsmouth to Cincinnati and to Columbus (all three in Ohio), through Wheeling (in West Virginia) to Pittsburgh (in Pennsylvania), to Lexington (in Virginia), and to Clarksburg and to Bluefield (both in West Virginia).

Camel City Coach Company
Meanwhile, in December 1925 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, the Camel City Coach Company (bearing a nickname of its hometown due to the Camel cigarettes made there) came into existence, under the leadership of a merchant by the name of John Gilmer – to run between Charlotte (in North Carolina) and Martinsville (in Virginia) via Winston-Salem – and to expand.

Soon Camel City grew, mostly by acquisition, first to the northwest to Mount Airy (in North Carolina), then to the south through Columbia and thence to the southeast to Charleston (both in South Carolina), onward through Savannah (in Georgia) to Jacksonville (in Florida), through Augusta and Waycross (both in Georgia) to Jacksonville (along a route from Augusta to Jacksonville acquired in March 1931 from the Greyhound Lines of Georgia, a predecessor of the Southeastern GL), to the west through Boone (in North Carolina) and thence to the northwest to Abingdon (in Virginia), to the north to Roanoke (in Virginia), and to the east-northeast through Greensboro (in North Carolina) and Danville to Norfolk and to Richmond (all three in Virginia).

National Highway Transport Company
Hill and Gilmer together organized the National Highway Transport (NHT) Company in December 1929 in Charleston, West Virginia, to buy the capital stock of the Blue and Gray and the Camel City concerns.

Atlantic GL
Early in 1931 the NHT firm (which already had formed operating ties to Greyhound and had begun negotiations with Greyhound) began using the brand name, trade name, or service name of the Atlantic Greyhound Lines (while at first retaining its own previous corporate name), then in July 1931 NHT became renamed as the Atlantic Greyhound Lines (with the consent of the parent Greyhound firm), although Greyhound had then acquired only a minority interest in NHT and not yet a controlling interest.

By September 1931 the Skyland Stages, running since 1930 between Columbia (in South Carolina) and Knoxville (in Tennessee) via Greenville (in South Carolina) and Asheville (in North Carolina), became a division of the Atlantic GL.  [John Gilmer (of the Camel City Coach Company) had begun the process of forming the Skyland Stages (which ran through the town of Skyland in North Carolina, between Asheville and Greenville), when in May 1929 he founded the Asheville-Knoxville Coach Company.]

Old Dominion Stages
Further, in 1929 three major players in the developing highway-coach industry – Arthur Hill (of the Blue and Gray Transit Company), John Gilmer (of the Camel City Coach Company), and Guy Huguelet (of the Consolidated Coach Corporation, based in Lexington, Kentucky, which in -36 became renamed as the Southeastern Greyhound Lines) – organized yet another carrier, based in Roanoke, named as the Old Dominion (called also OD) Stages, using the nickname of the state or Commonwealth of Virginia – to run between Knoxville and Washington, DC, via Bristol, Wytheville, Roanoke, Lexington, Staunton, and Winchester, Virginia, along a route which divided between the territories of the B&G and the Camel City companies – with those three men owning the new firm in three equal shares.  Service began on the day before Thanksgiving Day in November 1929.

Tennessee Coach Company
In May 1932 the OD Stages leased its rights to the route segment between Knoxville and Bristol (along US-11W) to the Tennessee Coach Company (called also TCC), which then was an independent regional carrier based in Knoxville, and which already ran (in part) between those two cities on its own parallel route (along -11E).

Later in 1932 Hill and Gilmer bought the one-third interest of Huguelet in the OD Stages, then they merged OD into their Atlantic GL.

The Tennessee Coach Company continued to run that leased segment (between Knoxville and Bristol) – and on that route took part in through-schedules (interlined pool operations) – that is, the use of through-coaches on through-routes running through the territories of two or more operating companies – in cooperation with the Atlantic GL, the Dixie GL, and the Southeastern GL – including through-schedules between Birmingham (in Alabama) and Bristol and between Memphis and Washington – until 1956, when the TCC joined the Trailways trade association (then named as the National Trailways Bus System), and when the TCC returned its leased right to that segment to the Atlantic GL (as the successor in interest of the OD Stages) – as a part of the deal related to the dissociation of the TCC from Greyhound.

Afterward the TCC continued running between Knoxville and Bristol, but only along its own original route (on US-11E).

John Gilmer and others
John Gilmer, the founder of the Camel City Coach Company, participated also in a number of other activities during the early development of the highway-coach industry.

In 1928 Gilmer provided much of the funds used in a refinancing and reorganizing of the Eastern Carolina Coach Company (running between Charlotte and Wilmington, both in North Carolina), which became renamed as the Queen City Coach Company (based in Charlotte), which (sometime about 1939-43) joined the National Trailways association (thus becoming called also the Queen City Trailways), and which in 1966 became bought by the Transcontinental Bus System (using the brand name, trade name, or service name of the Continental Trailways).  [However, Gilmer ended his involvement with the Queen City firm in 1933.]

In 1933 Gilmer (along with several other principals of the Queen City Coach Company) joined in forming the Old South Lines, which started running between Charlotte and Atlanta (in Georgia) and between Columbia (in South Carolina) and Atlanta.

Gilmer's Old South Lines in 1934 bought the route between Atlanta and Montgomery (in Alabama) – including an alternate loop through Columbus (in Georgia) – from the Hood Coach Lines, which on that route had begun its first service (from Atlanta to Columbus in 1930, then onward to Montgomery in 1933), and which had soon tried (unsuccessfully) to run additional routes in the Peach State – between Atlanta and Macon, between Macon and Savannah, and between Macon and Jacksonville via Waycross.

Hood in November 1934 sold also its other routes – to the Consolidated Coach Corporation and the Union Bus Company, acting jointly, with the Atlanta-Macon and Macon-Waycross-Jacksonville routes going to Consolidated (which in 1936 became renamed as the Southeastern Greyhound Lines) and with the Macon-Savannah route going to Union (which in 1941 became bought by and merged into the Southeastern GL) – thus providing Consolidated and Union (and therefore later Greyhound) not only a new route between Macon and Savannah and a parallel alternate route between Atlanta and Macon but also a quicker alternate route between Macon and Jacksonville (about 50 miles shorter than the older route via Valdosta in Georgia and Lake City in Florida).

After that last sale the Hood firm, holding no other route, went out of business.

In 1935 the Atlantic GL bought the Old South routes to Atlanta from Charlotte and from Columbia, thus preparing to establish connections in Atlanta with the Teche GL and the Southeastern GL.

In February 1936 the Teche GL bought the Old South route between Atlanta and Montgomery (with the loop through Columbus), thus completing its route between New Orleans (in Louisiana) and Atlanta.

Gilmer also owned one or more automotive dealerships in Winston-Salem which sold Chrysler cars and GMC trucks.

Capitol GL
The Capitol GL, based in Cincinnati, Ohio, came into existence in November 1930 – as a joint venture (owned in two equal shares) by the Blue and Gray Transit Company and The Greyhound Corporation (with an uppercase T, because the word "the" was an integral part of the legal name of the corporate entity) – to operate a single new main line, between Washington, DC, and Saint Louis (in Missouri), via Winchester (in Virginia), Clarksburg and Parkersburg (both in West Virginia), Chillicothe and Cincinnati (both in Ohio), Bedford and Vincennes (both in Indiana), and Olney and Salem (both in Illinois), along US-50 – a route shorter and quicker (six hours faster) than the best (then available) alternate route [via Hagerstown (in Maryland), Pittsburgh (in Pennsylvania), Wheeling (in West Virginia), Columbus (in Ohio), Indianapolis and Terre Haute (both in Indiana), and Effingham (in Illinois)] – plus a branch line between Shoals and Louisville (in Kentucky) via Paoli (in Indiana).

As described above, B&G (along with Camel City) in 1929 became a part of the NHT Company, which in 1931 became renamed as the Atlantic Greyhound Lines.

The first president of the Capitol GL was Arthur Hill, the founder and president of the B&G firm.

In 1954 the parent Greyhound firm bought the 50-percent share of the Atlantic GL (which part had come from B&G) in the Capitol GL, then Greyhound merged Capitol into the Pennsylvania GL, which in 1955 was merged with the old (second) Central GL, thereby forming the Eastern Division of The Greyhound Corporation (called also the new (second) Eastern GL), the first of four huge new divisions (along with Southern, Western, and Central, which last name became used again (in the fifth of six instances) but with a meaning quite different from its other applications).

Atlantic GL as a division of The Greyhound Corporation

In 1936 The Greyhound Corporation accumulated a controlling (majority) interest in the Atlantic GL, and in 1957 the parent firm finished buying the remaining minority interest in the AGL and then merged the AGL into itself as a division of itself.

By 1960 the Atlantic GL reached as far to the north as Columbus and Pittsburgh, as far to the east as the Atlantic Ocean, as far to the south as Jacksonville, and as far to the west as Cincinnati, Knoxville, and Atlanta.

The AGL also ran extensive local commuter service based in its hometown of Charleston and in Portsmouth (in Ohio), Winston-Salem (in North Carolina), Sumter (in South Carolina), and (in conjunction with the Queen City Trailways) in Charlotte (in North Carolina).

The Atlantic GL then met the new Eastern GL to the north, the new Central GL to the northwest, and the Southeastern GL to the west and the south; AGL also met the Richmond GL in Washington, DC, and in Norfolk and Richmond.

AGL took part in a large number of major interlined north-south through-routes (using pooled equipment in cooperation with other Greyhound companies) – that is, the use of through-coaches on through-routes running through the territories of two or more Greyhound regional operating companies – between various pairs of cities (first between New York City and Jacksonville), including: in the north, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Boston, New York City, and Washington, and in the south, Norfolk, Memphis, Atlanta, Jacksonville, Orlando, Miami, Saint Petersburg, and New Orleans.

Merger with Southeastern GL
In November 1960, in another round of consolidation, Greyhound merged the Atlantic GL with – not into but rather with – the Southeastern GL, based in Lexington, Kentucky, a neighboring regional company – thereby forming the Southern Division of The Greyhound Corporation, called also the Southern GL, the third of four huge new divisions (along with Central, Eastern, and Western) – which reached as far to the north as Springfield and Effingham (both in Illinois), Columbus, Pittsburgh, and Washington, as far to the east as the Atlantic Ocean, as far to the south as Miami and Key West, and as far to the west as Cincinnati, Saint Louis, Memphis, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and Lake Charles (in Louisiana and on the way to Houston, the rest of Texas, and the rest of the West) – from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Ohio River to the Gulf of Mexico..

Thus ended the Atlantic GL and the Southeastern GL, and thus began the Southern GL.

Beyond Atlantic GL
Later (about 1966) The Greyhound Corporation reorganized again, into just two humongous divisions, named as the Greyhound Lines East (GLE) and the Greyhound Lines West (GLW); even later (about 1970) it eliminated those two divisions, thus leaving a single gargantuan undivided nationwide fleet.

When the Southern GL came into existence, the headquarters functions became gradually transferred from Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, West Virginia, to Atlanta, Georgia; when GLE arose, many of those administrative functions became shifted from Atlanta to Cleveland, Ohio; eventually those functions migrated to Chicago, Illinois, then to Phoenix, Arizona – when (in 1971) The Greyhound Corporation moved its corporate headquarters from Chicago to a new building in Phoenix.

In 1987 The Greyhound Corporation (the original Greyhound umbrella firm), which had become widely diversified far beyond transportation, sold its entire highway-coach operating business (its core bus business), to a new company, named as the Greyhound Lines, Inc., called also GLI, based in Dallas, Texas – a separate, independent, unrelated firm, which was the property of a group of private investors under the promotion of Fred Currey, a former executive of the Continental Trailways (later renamed as the Trailways, Inc., called also TWI, also based in Dallas), which was by far the largest member company in the National Trailways trade association.

Later in 1987 the Greyhound Lines, Inc., the GLI, the new firm based in Dallas, further bought the Trailways, Inc., the TWI, its largest competitor, and merged it into the GLI.

The lenders and the other investors of the GLI ousted Fred Currey (as the chief executive officer) after the firm went into bankruptcy in 1990.

The GLI has continued to experience difficulties and lackluster performance under a succession of new owners and new executives – while continuing to reduce its level of service – by hauling fewer passengers aboard fewer coaches on fewer trips along fewer routes with fewer stops in fewer communities in fewer states – and by doing so on fewer days – that is, increasingly operating some trips less often than every day (fewer than seven days per week) – and by using fewer through-coaches, thereby requiring passengers to make more transfers (from one coach to another).

After the sale to the GLI, The Greyhound Corporation changed its name to the Greyhound-Dial Corporation, then the Dial Corporation, then the Viad Corporation.  [The contrived name Viad appears to be a curious respelling of the former name Dial – if one scrambles the letters D, I, and A, then turns the V upside down and regards it as the Greek letter lambda – Λ – that is, the Greek equivalent of the Roman or Latin letter L.]

The website of the Viad Corporation (http://www.viad.com) in September 2008 makes no mention of its corporate history or its past relationship to Greyhound (that is, its origin as The Greyhound Corporation).

See also
The Greyhound Corporation
Capitol Greyhound Lines
Dixie Greyhound Lines
Florida Greyhound Lines
Great Lakes Greyhound Lines
Southeastern Greyhound Lines
Teche Greyhound Lines
Tennessee Coach Company

References
Hixson, Kenneth (2001).  Pick of the Litter.  Lexington: Centerville Book Company.  .
Jackson, Carlton (1984).  Hounds of the Road.  Dubuque: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.  .
Meier, Albert, and John Hoschek (1975).  Over the Road.  Upper Montclair: Motor Bus Society.  No ISBN.
Schisgall, Oscar (1985).  The Greyhound Story.  Chicago: J.G. Ferguson Publishing Company.  .
Motor Coach Age (a publication of the Motor Bus Society), various issues, especially these:
August 1977;
April–June 1995;
October–December 1996;
October–December 1997;
October–December 1998.
Backfire, the corporate newspaper for the Southeastern Greyhound Lines, all issues, from January 1938 through February 1956.
Jon's Trailways History Corner, a web-based Trailways history by Jan Hobijn (also known as Jon Hobein) at http://cw42.tripod.com/Jon.html.
Web-based schedules and historical data at https://web.archive.org/web/20060312191347/http://www.greyhound.com/.

External links
 "Atlantic Greyhound Lines" (at Bluehounds and Redhounds)
 Bluehounds and Redhounds, the history of Greyhound and Trailways
 "Northland Greyhound Lines" (at Bluehounds and Redhounds), including the early history of The Greyhound Corporation
 "Greyhound Lines after WW2" (at Bluehounds and Redhounds)
 "The Scenicruiser" at Bluehounds and Redhounds

Defunct transportation companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in West Virginia
Greyhound Lines


Royal Air Force Honeybourne, or more simply RAF Honeybourne, was a Royal Air Force station located  south of Honeybourne, Worcestershire, England and  east of Evesham, Worcestershire, England

The station was operational from 1940 or 1941 to 1946 or 15 November 1947.

Station history

RAF Honeybourne had five hangars there was one J Type and 4 T2's. The airfield used a mixture of temporary and permanent accommodation and on 1 December 1944 there were 1,973 males and 382 females located at the airfield.

No. 24 Operational Training Unit RAF was formed on 15 March 1942 at RAF Honeybourne, as part of No. 7 Group RAF, within RAF Bomber Command, to train night bomber aircrew using Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, a British twin-engined medium bomber aircraft. It carried out three operational sorties during 1942. The unit converted to Vickers Wellington, a British twin-engined, long-range medium bomber, in April 1944 to train Royal Canadian Air Force aircrews, before disbanding in July 1945. It is also reported that the OTU may have flown leaflet dropping sorties.

A number of units from RAF Ferry Command were based at RAF Honeybourne, including the Ferry Training Unit RAF which used Lockheed Hudson an American light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft, and Bristol Beaufort, a British twin-engined torpedo bomber, between November 1941 and March 1942. No. 1425 (Communication) Flight RAF equipped with Consolidated Liberator, operated at RAF Honeybourne between November 1941 and April 1942.

The airfield was protected by No. 2828 Squadron RAF Regiment

Postwar

The airfield was also temporarily home to No. 21 Operational Training Unit RAF. It operated Vickers Wellington aircraft based at RAF Enstone, but due to runway repairs from August 1945 for two months it used RAF Honeybourne. From October 1945 until 1946, No. 107 Sub Storage Unit from No. 8 Maintenance Unit RAF used the airfield for storing Vickers Wellington and General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders.

The role of the airfield changed after the Second World War, with the reduction of flying movements. There was a slight change in what the units did on the airfield when, from 1947, No. 107 Sub Storage Unit began to collect no longer needed Vickers Wellington aircraft, which were then scrapped and taken to Weston-sub-Edge goods yard (which was near to the south-western corner), where the railway was used to take the airframes to the necessary destination.

Accidents and incidents

7 August 1940 - Handley Page Hampden 'P2086' of No. 4 Ferry Pilots Pool RAF stalled attempting to force land after an engine failure.

24 December 1941 - Bristol Blenheim 'L8663' of Ferry Training Unit RAF stalled on approach.

10 March 1942 - Lockheed Hudson 'V8995' of the Ferry Training Unit RAF spun into ground.

20 July 1943 - Avro Anson 'DJ242' of No. 24 Operational Training Unit RAF undershot landing.

14 May 1944 - Armstrong Whitworth Whitley 'N1436' of No. 24 Operational Training Unit RAF stalled on overshoot.

6 January 1945 - Vickers Wellington 'HE633' of No. 24 OTU crashed on takeoff when an engine failed.

28 April 1947 - Vickers Wellington 'JA349' was hit by Vickers Wellington 'LR130' while parked.

Current use

In July 1948 the site was closed and much has reverted to farmland with runways being removed in 1968.

During 1949 and into 1950 parts of the site were used for temporary housing for local families while new Council housing developments were being built in the area - people moving into the new houses when completed.

Since then, the airside area has evolved into the Honeybourne Airfield Trading Estate.

References

External links
 BBC History- Life in the Womens Auxiliary Air Force
 Map which clearly shows the airport outline

Royal Air Force stations in Worcestershire
Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom
Wychavon
Military units and formations established in 1941
1941 establishments in England


Short Eyes is a 1977 American film adaptation of Miguel Piñero's play of the same title, directed by Robert M. Young. It was filmed in the Manhattan House of Detention for Men, otherwise known as The Tombs.

The Wu-Tang Clan sampled dialogue from the film for the songs "Let My Niggas Live" and "Gravel Pit" in 2000.

Plot
Short Eyes is set in an unnamed prison in New York City, whose inmates are predominantly African American or Puerto Rican. One day, Clark Davis, a young, middle-class white man accused of raping a young girl, arrives on remand. His fellow prisoners immediately turn on him—child rapists are considered the lowest form of prison life—except for Juan, one of the institution's older prisoners, who treats him with some dignity. "Short eyes" is prison slang for a prisoner convicted of child sex abuse.

Davis insists he doesn't remember raping the girl, but he admits to Juan that he has molested several other children. The prosecution's case against Davis is weak and, unless Juan tells prison authorities about Davis' confessions to him, it is only a matter of time before he is set free. As Juan struggles with what to do, the other prisoners plan to get rid of Davis permanently.

Cast

Music
Curtis Mayfield wrote the film's score, and appears in the film as a prisoner performing the song "Do Do Wap Is Strong In Here".  The soundtrack was released on Mayfield's Curtom Records.

References

External links

1977 films
1977 drama films
American prison films
American films based on plays
American drama films
Films directed by Robert M. Young
Films about pedophilia
1977 directorial debut films
Films set in New York City
Films set in prison
Films shot in New York City
1970s English-language films
1970s American films


2007 ballet premieres, List of
Lists of ballet premieres by year
Lists of 2000s ballet premieres
Ball


The Lloyd Tilghman Memorial is a statue located in Paducah Kentucky, of Lloyd Tilghman, a brigadier general for the Confederate States of America who died at the Battle of Champion Hill in May 1863.

Lloyd Tilghman was a native of Maryland who lived in Paducah from 1852 to 1861. He joined the Confederate army on July 5, 1861, as a colonel, but was promoted to general the next October. He was placed in charge of the engineering of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, succeeding another general, but was unable to stop the building of the militarily deficient Fort Henry until too late. He was captured at the Battle of Fort Henry, and would not return to duty until the next Fall, which led to his death during the Vicksburg Campaign.

In 1909 it was decided to honor Tilghman.  Tilghman's sons Frederick and Sidell and the United Daughters of the Confederacy jointly paid for the building of the monument, with the brothers paying $10,000 and the UDC paying $5,000.

The statue was made by Henry Hudson Kitson, then a resident of Boston, Massachusetts who immigrated from England.  The statue depicting Tilghman is made of bronze, and is on top of a pink granite pedestal and base.  The total height is twelve feet.  The two bases are perfect squares of seventeen feet and 25 feet.  The historical marker at the site was placed there by the Augusta Tilghman High School class of 1929.

On July 17, 1997, it was one of sixty-one different monuments to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission.  One other monument on the list, the Confederate Monument in Paducah, is nearby.  Tilghman's home in Paducah is also on the National Register, and currently serves as a museum.

References

External links
 "Brigadier General Lloyd Tilghman, C.S.A. (Jan. 18,1816– May 16,1863)"

Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS
National Register of Historic Places in McCracken County, Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Paducah, Kentucky
United Daughters of the Confederacy monuments and memorials in Kentucky
Outdoor sculptures in Kentucky
1909 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Kentucky
Statues in Kentucky
1909 establishments in Kentucky
Sculptures of men in Kentucky
Tilghman family


Democratic Federation (, FD) was a regionalist social-democratic political party in Sardinia, Italy.

It was launched in 1994 by members of the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and the Italian Republican Party, after those parties were severely damaged by the Tangentopoli scandals. The leader of the new party was Antonello Cabras, a Socialist who had been President of Sardinia from 1991 to 1994. In the 1994 regional election FD won 5.2% of the vote and elected 4 regional deputies.

In 1998 the party and other groups merged with the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) to form the Democrats of the Left (DS), of which it became a regional faction. In the 1999 regional election, because of its political autonomy within the DS, FD presented an autonomous list and won 5.8% of the vote, electing 4 regional deputies.

Since 1996 FD has been represented in the Italian Parliament by Antonello Cabras and by Giovanni Murineddu. When the DS merged into the Democratic Party (PD) in 2007, Cabras was elected regional secretary of the party, defeating Renato Soru, President of the Region.

Leadership
President: Antonello Cabras (1994–2000), Franco Mannoni (2000–2007)

References

External links
Official website

Political parties in Sardinia
Political party factions in Italy
Defunct political parties in Italy


Georges Marion Pierre Hamacek (1 December 1923 – 11 May 1953) was a French Army officer, who fought in World War II in the French Resistance and in the First Indochina War in the Foreign Legion.

Biography
Georges Hamacek was born in a family of Czech immigrants. He joined the resistance network Turma-Vengeance in January 1944 before joining the Maquis Bernard in Morvan. There he quickly raises in the ranks, becoming a deputy section chief, and earning the Croix de Guerre with two citations. When the war ends he enrolls at the École militaire interarmes on 3 July 1945 and graduates on 15 December the same year with the rank of Second Lieutenant. He chooses the Foreign Legion and was sent to the 1st Battalion, 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment in Aubagne.

He volunteered for service in the Far East and landed in Saigon in June 1946. At the end of 1947, the battalion was sent to patrol the RC 4, where Lieutenant Hamacek receives another citation. He also receives the Légion d’honneur for his repeated acts of courage and command of the 1st Company of the 1st Battalion, 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment. In 1951, Hamacek was transferred to the 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion (3e BEP) and then the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion in 1952. He was killed in action in Laos on 11 May 1953.

The 1989-1992 promotion of the Saint Cyr Military Academy was named Capitaine Georges Hamacek in his honour.

Decorations
Knight of the Légion d’honneur
Croix de guerre 1939-1945

References

1923 births
1953 deaths
Military personnel from Paris
French Resistance members
French military personnel killed in the First Indochina War
Officers of the French Foreign Legion


Huddersfield Town's 1939-40 campaign saw Town play in Division 1, before the season was abandoned following the outbreak of World War II. They then played in the North-East League and won the title by 9 points from Newcastle United.

Squad who played in the league matches

Results

Division One

North-East Division

League War Cup

Footnotes

A.  Match abandoned after 61 minutes due to a storm, but the result was allowed to stand.

Huddersfield Town A.F.C. seasons
Huddersfield Town


The 2008 Rally Japan was the fourteenth and penultimate round of the 2008 World Rally Championship season. The event saw Sébastien Loeb clinch his fifth consecutive world drivers title with his drive to a third-place finish. The event was won by Mikko Hirvonen in a Ford Focus, who led the event from start to finish to claim his third win of the season. Second place went to Hirvonen's teammate Jari-Matti Latvala, his fifth podium of the year and his first since the Rally of Turkey back in June.

Stobart M-Sport Ford's François Duval crashed out from second place during the sixth stage. Duval was not injured in the crash, but his co-driver Patrick Pivato sustained a fractured pelvis and tibia. He was rushed to the hospital, and internal bleeding was discovered during surgery. On day two of the rally, after a second operation, his condition was described as critical but stable.

On the 19th stage, Toni Gardemeister took the Suzuki World Rally Team's first-ever stage win. Suzuki also had their most successful rally to date with Gardemeister finishing sixth and teammate Per-Gunnar Andersson recording his best ever finish of fifth position.

The event was originally planned to run on October 24−26, but as to make full use of venues, including the Sapporo Dome, with its tenant the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters possibly needing it for the Japan Series, the event was approved by FIA to be delayed for a week.  The dome was not needed for baseball, as the Ham Fighters didn't make it to the Japan Series.

The Sapporo Dome Super Special Stage was the second to be held in indoor venues in WRC history.

Results

Special stages
All dates and times are JST (UTC+9).

Championship standings after the event

Drivers' championship

Manufacturers' championship

References

External links

 Results from the official site wrc.com
 Results at eWRC.com
 Results from Jonkka's World Rally Archive

Japan
2008
Rally


The Western India Football Association (WIFA) is the state governing body for football in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is affiliated with the All India Football Federation, the sports national governing body. It sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Senior Women's National Football Championship.

History
The Bombay Football Association was established in the Bombay province of 1902. It was amalgamated with the older Rovers Football Cup Committee to form the Western India Football Association on 12 July 1911. Justice Russel became president of the WIFA while P. R. Cadell became vice-president, and the objective of was to improve the sport of football in the Bombay state, and in the present-day Maharashtra. Before that, football games were organised for the Rovers Cup, which is India's second oldest football tournament started in 1890.

Then in 2011, after the sudden rise in the popularity of football in India, WIFA decided to revamp the Maharashtra Football System. The first thing they decided to do was renovate Mumbai's only national football stadium, the Cooperage Ground. After that they will work on starting the first ever statewide football league in Maharashtra known as the Maha League. They also announced plans to revive the Rovers Cup which had its last tournament in 2001.

Maharashtra football pyramid
The Maharashtra pyramid consists of the district leagues, of which the Mumbai Football League is the primary league. There is no national state league yet, although the proposed first tier Maha League was never implemented. The lower district leagues are in second tier, followed by lower leagues.

District associations

References

External links
WIFA Website
Poona District Football Association
Kolhapur United Football Association,(KUFA)

Football governing bodies in India
Football in Maharashtra
1902 establishments in India
Sports organizations established in 1902
Organisations based in Mumbai


The 2008 WPS Bathurst 12 Hour was an endurance race for Group 3J Performance Cars and Group 3E Series Production Cars. It was the sixth Bathurst 12 Hour to be held and the second since its 2007 revival. The race was won by Rod Salmon, Damien White and Graham Alexander driving a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. It was the first time a Mitsubishi had won the race.

Class structure
The event was staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 10 February 2008 with cars competing in the following classes:
 Class A - High Performance All Wheel Drive
 Class B - High Performance Rear Wheel Drive
 Class C - Hot Hatch Performance Cars
 Class D - Production Vehicles under $50,000
 Class E - Production Sports under $50,000
 Class F - Under 2.5 Litre Production
 Class G - Eco Diesel Over 3.5 Litre (No starters)
 Class H - Eco Diesel 3.5 Litres and Under

Results

References

External links
2008 WPS Bathurst 12 Hour - Hour by Hour Retrieved from www.bathurst12hour.com.au on 1 November 2008
2008 WPS Bathurst 12 Hour - Images Retrieved from www.trentwallis.com on 1 November 2008

Motorsport in Bathurst, New South Wales
WPS Bathurst 12 Hour


Moir or MOIR may refer to:

 Moir (surname), a surname of Scottish origin, and is part of the Clan Gordon of the Scottish Highlands
 Moir Tod Stormonth Darling, Lord Stormonth-Darling (1844–1912), Scottish politician and judge
 Moir Lockhead (born 1945), English businessman
 Moir Leslie, a character in the BBC radio sitcom Flying the Flag
 Revolutionary Independent Labour Movement (Movimiento Obrero Independiente y Revolucionario or MOIR), a left-wing party in Colombia
 Moir baronets, two titles, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
 Moir Gardens, botanical gardens in Hawaii

See also
 Moire (disambiguation)


The 1999–2000 KNVB Cup was the 82nd edition of the tournament, at the time known as the Amstel Cup for sponsorship reasons. The competition started on 31 July 1999 and the final was played on 21 May 2000. Roda JC beat NEC 2–0 and received the cup for the second time. A total of 86 clubs participated.

Teams
 All 18 participants of the Eredivisie 1999–2000: six teams entered in the round of 16 of the knock-out stage; one team entered in the first round of the knock-out stage and the rest of the teams entered in the group stage.
 All 18 participants of the Eerste Divisie 1999–2000
 48 teams from lower (amateur) leagues
 Two youth teams

Group stage
The matches were played between July 31 and August 31, 1999. 79 clubs participated, 39 of which advanced to the next round.

E Eredivisie; 1 Eerste Divisie; A Amateur teams

Knock-out Stage

First round
The matches of the first round were played on September 22 and 23, 1999. sc Heerenveen entered the tournament this round, during the group stage they were still active in the Intertoto Cup.

E one Eredivisie entrant

Second round
The matches of the second round were played on October 28 and 30, 1999.

Round of 16
The matches of the round of 16 were played on January 27, 28 and 30, 2000. The Eredivisie teams that had been playing in European competitions after qualification last season, entered the tournament this round.

E six Eredivisie entrants

Quarter finals
The quarter finals were played on February 16 and 17, 2000.

Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played on April 11 and 12, 2000.

Final

Roda JC would play in the UEFA Cup.

See also
Eredivisie 1999–2000
Eerste Divisie 1999–2000

References

External links
 Results by Ronald Zwiers

1999-2000
1999–2000 domestic association football cups
1999–2000 in Dutch football


Truth and Beauty may refer to:

 Truth & Beauty: The Lost Pieces Volume Two, an album by the American ambient musician Steve Roach
 Truth and Beauty (Ian McNabb album)
 Truth & Beauty: A Friendship, a memoir by Ann Patchett

See also
 "Ode on a Grecian Urn", an 1819 poem by John Keats which contains the words "Beauty is truth, truth beauty"
 Truth quark and beauty quark, two elementary particles postulated in 1973 and subsequently observed


Briercliffe (historically Briercliffe-with-Extwistle) is a civil parish in the borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England.  It is situated  north of Burnley. The parish contains suburbs of Burnley (including Harle Syke and Haggate), and the rural area north east of the town. Hamlets in the parish include Cockden, Lane Bottom and in the Extwistle area, the tiny hamlet of Roggerham. According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the parish has a population of 4,031.

The parish adjoins the Burnley parish of Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood and the unparished area of Burnley, the Pendle parishes of Brierfield, Nelson and Trawden Forest and West Yorkshire.

History
The name Briercliffe probably comes from the Old English words  "briar" and , a steep slope or declivity. Extwistle may have been named from the junction (O.E. ) of Swinden Water and the River Don, while the first element could be a corruption of oxen.

The parish contains a number of sites of early human occupation, including:

Burwains Camp prehistoric defended settlement - A circular univallate (single-walled) defended enclosure  across, surrounded by a ditch and bank, with entrances in the east and west. Today the  wide ditch is only approximately  deep and the bank no more than  high and about  across. The site is located on Broad Bank Hill, overlooking the valley of Thursden Brook. Thought to be a prehistoric settlement, limited archaeological excavation in 1950 recovered some Neolithic finds but was insufficient to more accurately date the site.

Small stone circle on Delf Hill - About  east of the summit of Delf Hill there is a small stone circle, thought to date from the late Neolithic to the mid Bronze Age. Seven stones, some of which are still standing, have been arranged in a  circle. In the centre is a  high,  diameter cairn surrounded by a shallow ditch. Limited archaeological excavation on the cairn was undertaken in 1842, during which three interment urns were discovered.

Pike Low bowl barrow and site of beacon, Bonfire Hill - Located on the summit of Bonfire Hill is a bowl barrow thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a  by  oval mound of earth and stones up to  high. The site was used as part of a system of warning beacons during the medieval period and the top of the mound has been flattened to create a platform for the bonfire. This is a rare example of such a combination.

Beadle Hill Romano-British farmstead - Located at the western end of Beadle Hill, with extensive views over the surrounding area. Inner and outer ditches are separated by an earth and stone rampart, around a farmstead enclosure about  square, with an entrance on the eastern side.

Twist Castle Romano-British farmstead - Located at the western end of Twist Hill, with extensive views over the surrounding area. An earth and stone rampart surviving up to  high, around a rectangular farmstead enclosure about , with an entrance on the eastern side. There would also have been an outer ditch but little trace now remains. Attached to the south eastern side of the enclosure, next to the entrance, is a  square annexe also with an earth and stone wall.

After the Norman conquest of England, Briercliffe was part of the manor of Ightenhill, itself a part of the Honour of Clitheroe. Extwistle had been granted as a manor by the 12th century, when the mesne lord Richard de Malbis gave half of its land to the canons of Newbo Abbey. The remaining half seems to have come into the possession of the Abbot of Kirkstall Abbey during the 1300s.

Extwistle Hall

Extwistle Hall stands high on Extwistle Moor between Haggate (east of Brierfield) and the village of Worsthorne. The Hall, built of coursed sandstone on three sides of a courtyard, is now a ruin. It was built in the 16th century in the Tudor style by the Parker family who were prominent in local affairs.

Robert Parker had bought the land, which had previously belonged to Kirkstall Abbey, in 1537 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Parker family occupied it for some two hundred years before moving to Cuerden Hall around 1718. John Parker was High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1653 and Robert Parker for 1710. The house was remodelled in the late 18th century.

The listed Grade II* building, owned by an Isle of Man based property company, has been unoccupied for more than twenty years and is listed in English Heritage's Heritage at Risk Register. In January 2012, £2million plans were revealed to save and restore the hall to its former glory, then afterwards to be sold off.

Governance

Briercliffe-with-Extwistle was once a township in the ancient parish of Whalley, becoming a civil parish in 1866. In 1894, the parish was dissolved, part in the southwest moving into the county borough of Burnley, with the rest becoming a new parish called Briercliffe, forming part of the Burnley Rural District. Since 1974 Briercliffe has formed part of the Borough of Burnley. 2004 saw the parish gain some territory from the unparished area of Burnley at the western end of Harle Syke.

The Briercliffe ward on the borough council covers the same area as the parish along with a small part of Burnley. The ward elects three councillors, currently Margaret Lishman, Anne Kelly and Gordon Lishman, all from the Liberal Democrats. The parish is represented on Lancashire County Council as part of the Burnley Rural division, represented since 2017 by Cosima Towneley (Conservative).

The Member of Parliament for Burnley, the constituency into which the parish falls, is Antony Higginbotham (Conservative), who was first elected in 2019.

Demography
According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the parish has a population of 4,031, an increase from 3,187 in the 2001 census. This represents growth of  over ten years. During the same period the area of the parish has increased from  to  (), giving a population density of .

Harle Syke and Haggate form part of a wider urban area, which had a population of 149,796 in 2001. A similar but larger, Burnley Built-up area defined in the 2011 census had a population of 149,422.

In 2011 the average (mean) age of residents was 40 years, with a roughly even distribution between males and females. The racial composition was 98.1% White (96.8% White British), 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Black, 0.6% Mixed and 0.1% Other. The largest religious groups were Christian (73%) and Muslim (0.7%). 76.3% of adults between the ages of 16 and 74 were classed as economically active and in work.

People

Tattersall Wilkinson was a local antiquarian most usually known as 'The Sage Of Roggerham'. Tattersall was well known in Burnley during the late 1800s. He was the first person to uncover the flint daggers and stone circles of nearby Worsthorne, and other antiquities such as burial urns. He also wrote many articles for the Burnley Express and a book of his own (with J.F Tattersall) named 'Memories Of Hurstwood'.

Media gallery

See also

Listed buildings in Briercliffe
Scheduled monuments in Lancashire

References
Notes

Citations

External links

Map of Briercliffe (272) and Extwistle (273) parish boundaries
The Briercliffe Society

Civil parishes in Lancashire
Geography of Burnley


Hossein Ghods-Nakhaï (; GCVO 1894–1977) was an Iranian politician, cabinet minister, diplomat, and poet.

Early life
He was the son of the Iranian clerk, Hajj Agha Hasan Nakhai. His brother was Muhammad Nakhai, who served as the Secretary of Persian Legation in Brussels starting in 1928. Like his father, Hossein's surname was initially Nakhaï. In his youth, he was the editor of a literature magazine, called Ghods, and so became known as "Mr. Ghods" to everyone. He then added the word Ghods to his surname. He was married to the daughter of the first Iranian ambassador to U.S., Sadr es-Saltaneh, also known as Haji Washington.

Diplomatic and political career
He held the position of the minister of foreign affairs between 1961 and 1963. Before that he was ambassador to Baghdad, London, Tokyo (October 1956 to January 1958), and to Washington, D.C. (in the 1960s, during John F. Kennedy administration). Afterwards, he was appointed as the minister of the royal court, a post he held until 1968. He was replaced as the minister of court by Amir Assadollah Alam. Afterwards, he became the ambassador to the Holy See (Vatican).

He was the chairman of the committee that negotiated with the USSR on return to Iranian gold deposited with the government of the Tsar.

Literary life
Nakhaï wrote extensive volumes of poetry (including his Rubaiyat), and prose (including "Trail lost in heaven"). Some of his works have been translated into English and other languages.

References

External links
 , he can be seen behind president Kennedy

20th-century Iranian politicians
20th-century poets
1894 births
1977 deaths
Ambassadors of Iran to Iraq
Ambassadors of Iran to Japan
Ambassadors of Iran to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
Ambassadors of Iran to the Holy See
Foreign ministers of Iran
People from Sari, Iran


Daganzo de Arriba is a Spanish municipality in the Comarca de Alcalá, located in the east of Autonomous Community of Madrid. It has a population of about 9,000 (including the residents of the permanent camping that is in the town), of which are mostly young families, in more recent times people have been purchasing homes in the new housing subdivisions that are being built and residing within those new neighborhoods.

It is 27 km to the east-northeast of Madrid and 11 km to the north of Alcalá de Henares. It has an altitude of 673 meters above sea level and has a municipal area of 4,325 hectares.

The village is surrounded by small hills. From north to south, the river Torote runs through the village, in whose margins was located the first settlement of this town, in the same place where the church of Nuestra Señora del Espino is, and stream Valseco.

There are two industrial parks which collectively employ about 1,800 workers, of which 800 are residents of the town. The rest come from other nearby municipalities.
It has an important agriculture according to the area of the municipality, which is quite extensive and of acceptable quality.

The climate that dominates the area is characterized by very high summer temperatures and low winter temperatures. Rainfall in summer is almost zero and medium in periods of autumn and winter, therefore is unevenly distributed throughout the year. The average annual temperature is 14.5 °C with temperatures ranging from 27 °C in summer to 5 °C in winter.

Towns in Spain


Oliver Callan (born 27 December 1980) is an Irish vocal and performance satirist and impressionist known as the creator of  Callan's Kicks, Nob Nation and for frequent appearances on The Saturday Night Show. He rose to fame during the 2000s when his daily Nob Nation slots aired on RTÉ Radio. His Callan's Kicks creation on RTÉ Radio 1 has been described by The Sunday Independent as "the best comedy show the national broadcaster has ever produced".

Nob Nation  and Callan's Kicks parody political, social and cultural personalities, with Callan performing as the characters featured on the show. His radio broadcasts have led to the release of regular podcasts, several CDs and appearances on prime-time television programmes such as The Saturday Night Show on RTÉ One. He has also incurred the wrath of several politicians and the Kerry football star Paul Galvin for his impressions. He is well known in Ireland and the UK for skewering celebrities and politicians on radio. His acerbic wit and talent for mimicry has made him a household name, according to the Irish Independent.

Early life
Callan is from Inniskeen in County Monaghan. He grew up on a farm and has a degree in journalism from Dublin City University.

Callan initially worked as a newsreader on Today FM where he performed on Gift Grub as Enda Kenny, he later began to perform sketches on The Gerry Ryan Show on RTÉ 2fm . He wrote and produced almost 900 Nob Nation sketches on his own for the Gerry Ryan Show over three years.

Nob Nation

Nob Nation was Callan's first foray into comedy and was a sketch insert on The Gerry Ryan Show from 2007 until the presenter's death in 2010. Nob Nation even produced a comedy sketch just days after Gerry Ryan's death in tribute to the broadcaster.

Nob Nation was reported in the Sunday Independent on 20 January 2008 as being Ireland's most popular podcast of the previous year, with figures showing a total of 736,711 downloads on RTÉ.ie between April and December 2007. Comparatively, RTÉ Radio 1's most popular radio show, Morning Ireland, was second with 730,965 podcast downloads. Nob Nation was also frequently in the top five of the iTunes chart.

His impersonations of Eamon Dunphy and David Norris led to a warning from the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (BAI) in July 2008. The BAI deemed his impersonations "offensive to homosexuals" and said they "promoted binge drinking".

Following some complaints about Callan's portrayal of Taoiseach Brian Cowen "swaying and snorting in booze-filled sing-songs about his difficulties in office", the popularity of the slot "simply exploded" according to RTÉ, with over 250,000 hits each month and making up almost a third of all downloads from RTÉ.ie. Callan's portrayal of Enda Kenny as cross-dresser "Dame Enda" has drawn reactions from Fine Gael and Enda Kenny himself.

The first Nob Nation CD, containing twenty of Callan's sketches, was released in Ireland in November 2007 and went platinum. Those parodied on the compilation include politicians Bertie Ahern and Enda Kenny, former Republic of Ireland national football team manager Steve Staunton, broadcaster Gay Byrne and newsreaders Bryan Dobson and Colm Murray. The album debuted at number five on the Irish Albums Chart ahead of Amy Winehouse and Bruce Springsteen on 9 November 2007, according to IRMA, the official chart tracking body in Ireland. A second compilation, Nob Nation 2: The Recession Album, was released on 7 November 2008. Nob Nation 3 was released in the Irish Daily Mail in November 2009. The fourth compilation in the series, Nob Nation 4: The Hangover, was released on 12 December 2010 in the Irish News of the World.

In August 2010, a new website www.nobnation.com showcasing comedy videos and purportedly uncensored versions of Nob Nation podcasts appeared. A number of Sunday newspapers reported that the website featured controversial depictions of Brian Cowen in a bar along with Judge Gargle, a fictional character loosely based on a high-profile Irish judge.

Callan once rang Charlie Bird and, impersonating Enda Kenny, said there was a story about to break about Kenny buying women's underwear. Bird thought it was real.

Callan's Kicks/The Saturday Night Show
Callan now works on Callan's Kicks, a sketch show on RTÉ Radio One and on RTÉ One television.

The radio version of the show has led to controversy over his portrayal of Ireland's President Michael D. Higgins and his aide Kevin McCarthy which led to RTÉ producers ordering Callan to tone down on.

The Callan's Kicks TV spin-off debuted on New Year's Eve 2013. Callan Kicks the Year proved a hit with viewers on RTÉ One television, and its ratings beat Christmas specials by rivals The Mario Rosenstock Show and Irish Pictorial Weekly.

The show once again proved controversial in its portrayal of the President and his aide leading the Sunday World to publish a front-page story on the programme before it aired.

Callan's Kicks debut TV series followed in July 2014 and it too proved to be a ratings success with over 400,000 viewers tuning in each Friday night, beating Eastenders, Prime Time, Fair City and Saturday Night with Miriam.

A second Christmas special on RTÉ One Television followed in December 2014. Callan Kicks the Year featured Dobbo and other characters parodying events of the year like the Irish Water, Rehab and Cronyism scandals; President Michael D. Higgins' state visit to the United Kingdom and also debuted new characters, Bono and the Gleesons.

In October 2011, Callan was allegedly assaulted by Kerry football star Paul Galvin late at night in Kehoe's Pub, Central Dublin. Among witnesses to the alleged incident were a Government Minister, a TD, a senator and several journalists. One witness alleged Galvin called Callan a "fucking cunt". The incident was investigated by the Garda Síochána. The media speculated on the reason behind the alleged incident, reporting that Callan had recently mimicked Galvin asking Taoiseach Enda Kenny to man-up by giving him a body-wax on radio.' and that Galvin had texted Callan before an appearance on The Saturday Night Show in relation to "gay jibes" the satirist had directed at him. It was eventually revealed that Galvin had complained (or not complained at all) to RTÉ after what he described as "the most excruciating night of my life" at home on his sofa between his parents in Kerry watching The Saturday Night Show when Callan referred to Galvin's "years spent in the closet".

Callan impersonated Galvin again on radio the week after the alleged assault. Callan then appeared on The Saturday Night Show for an unprecedented second consecutive week to defend himself against accusations of homophobia by coming out on live television.

Live
Callan performed five sell-out nights live at Dublin's Olympia Theatre between September 2008 and May 2013. Paul Galvin featured in that live show along with over fifty other characters. He has also performed shows nationwide and appeared in viral adverts for Lidl, The Irish Sun and Paddy Power.

References

External links

 Podcasts: Nob Nation
 "Me and my money: Oliver Callan"

1980 births
Gay comedians
Gay journalists
The Gerry Ryan Show
Irish comedy musicians
Irish impressionists (entertainers)
Irish journalists
Irish male comedians
Irish parodists
Irish satirists
Irish television personalities
Irish LGBT journalists
Irish LGBT broadcasters
Irish LGBT comedians
Irish gay musicians
Living people
Parody musicians
Radio personalities from the Republic of Ireland
Writers from County Monaghan
People from Inniskeen
Broadcasters from County Monaghan