Sir Richard Levett (d. 1711) was an English merchant, politician and slave trader who served as Lord Mayor of London in 1699. Born in Ashwell, Rutland, he subsequently moved to London and established a pioneering mercantile career, becoming involved with the Bank of England and the East India Company. Levett was acquainted with many prominent individuals during his time in London, among them Samuel Pepys, John Houblon, William Gore, Sir John Holt, Robert Hooke, and Charles Eyre. He acquired several properties in Kew and Cripplegate before dying in 1711.

Early life and career beginnings

Although born into a once-powerful Sussex Anglo-Norman family (its surname derives from the village of Livet in Normandy),  the future Lord Mayor grew up in straitened circumstances after the family lost much of its medieval wealth. Levett's father was an intruding minister and he was ejected in 1660 after the Restoration when the legitimate incumbent returned to the living. Although born with connections, Richard Levett and his brother Francis were thrown onto their own resources, and were as much pioneers in business as they were in society.

Despite their impressive Norman lineage, the Levett brothers were strictly middle-class. They represented an emerging England, an England of meritocracy and hard work that trumped the old aristocratic England. (Perhaps it was not an accident that their father, Rev. Richard Levett, had Puritan sympathies.) The enterprising brothers demonstrated that through hard work and pluck, ordinary Englishmen could move into the upper-middle classes. The Levett brothers were abetted in their rise by profound changes in the evolving English economy, with trade opening and feudal privileges diminishing in favour of a growing mercantile middle class. Although Levett was a nominal Tory, he was a free market capitalist by practice.

Levett and his brother Francis began as small haberdashers, trading everything from tobacco to textiles. The sons of a country parson in Rutland, the two Levett brothers imported goods into England, which they then sold to chapmen at fairs across the country, including those at Lenton, Gainsborough, Boston, Beverley and elsewhere. As the British Empire began to expand, bolstered by increasing military might, aggressive merchants like the Levetts leapfrogged other foreign and domestic competitors. From their small operation grew a behemoth, with the Levett brothers using their own ships to import everything from tobacco to linens.

Eventually, their empire became among the largest factors of its day in England, with an immense working capital estimated between £30,000 and £40,000 in 1705, buying tobacco and other goods around the world for import into the English market. The firm they set up came to embrace trade with the Levant (principally Turkey and Syria), India, Africa, the West Indies, North America, Ireland and even Russia. Contemporaneous records show Levett often immersed in the details of arranging shipping terms and trading voyages to places as disparate as French Guinea, Virginia, Maryland and elsewhere. Like many London merchants of the period, Levett was involved in the Atlantic slave trade, transporting Black slaves from French Guinea and various West African ports for sale in the English colonies of Virginia and Maryland.

In 1705, for instance, Levett sent a letter to the Board of Trade and Plantations to complain about interference with his ships. "The Governors of Virginia and Maryland", Levett complained to the Board, "had refused to permit two ships of theirs to saile from those colonies with their ladings.... And it being alleged in the petition that the masters of those two ships (who came away in ballast) were obliged to give security to touch at the Maderas in their way home." The Board directed its agent to "write to the said masters at Bristol for further information in that matter."

The building of a business empire

By the early eighteenth century, the firm of Sir Richard Levett and Company had become one of England's largest, dominating especially the enormous tobacco trade with the Virginia Colony, as well as the tobacco coming from Turkey. Detailed records of tobacco transactions at the time between Levett and Virginia planters reveal that the London merchant drove a hard bargain.

Levett eventually was named a merchant adventurer of the London East India Company, one of the first directors of the new Bank of England, and even, on 17 February 1698, a member of the New England Company. With his deep interests in shipping, Levett was also one of the earliest investors in what became Lloyd's of London, the insurance firm. He was knighted at Kensington in 1691.

In the close-knit world of London traders at the dawn of the eighteenth century, Levett often found himself acting in conjunction with, or competing against, most of the other large traders known to him. At a meeting of the Governors and adventurers of the London East India Company held on 30 April 1701, for instance, Levett found himself in the company of his fellow London traders and ranking India servants "Gov. T. Cooke, Deputy Sir Samuel Dashwood, Sir Thomas Rawlinson, Sir Jonathan Andrews, Sir John Fleet, Sir William Gore, Sir Henry Johnson, Sir William Langhorne, Sir William Prichard and Mr. Vansittart."

In the year of 1695, Levett's increasingly powerful firm accounted for 3,894,864 pounds of tobacco imported into England. Of that, the firm subsequently re-exported some 1.3 million pounds to Holland, Germany and the Baltic. Acting as middlemen in an increasingly vertically integrated corporation, which was coming to resemble a modern trading company, Levett and his partners began raking in enormous profits, partly due to their access to large amounts of capital, as well as their access to a proprietary shipping fleet.

As their trading grew, Richard Levett became a prominent fixture on the London scene. He was elected Master of the Haberdashers' Company (1690 and 1691), Sheriff of the City of London for 1691, an Alderman, and eventually, in 1699, Lord Mayor of London. As Master of the Haberdashers' Company, Levett played a key role in building fellow Master of the Haberdashers' Company Sir Robert Aske's Hospital, with Levett's friend Robert Hooke serving as architect.

From his home in Cripplegate, formerly the home of Sir Thomas Bloodworth, a previous Lord Mayor, Levett conducted his trading empire and the mayoral business. Levett's home, formerly that of the controversial Bloodworth, who served as Lord Mayor at the time of the Great Fire of London, was a large mansion on the old Noble Street near Lily Pot Lane. (The home was later occupied by printer Charles Rivington.)

Home and family life

Also available for Levett's use were two country homes at Kew, including the Dutch House (now Kew Palace), as well as the large estate surrounding them. (After Levett's death, his daughter Mary Thoroton leased the Dutch House to Queen Caroline, wife of King George II, for use as a children's nursery, likely accounting for the decision of Frederick, Prince of Wales, to settle at Kew with his wife, Augusta, Princess of Wales. Both Levett homes as well as the estates surrounding them were sold to the Royal family in 1781 by Sir Richard's grandson Levett Blackborne, Esq., a prominent Lincoln's Inn barrister).

Sir Richard Levett was married to Mary Crispe, likely the daughter of merchant adventurer Sir Nicholas Crispe of Fulham, London. The couple were prominent in London during the years following the Restoration. Levett was mentioned by Samuel Pepys in his diaries; he was frequently mentioned in contemporary accounts of weddings and soirées of the age, and became a philanthropist, donating to charities like St. Thomas' Hospital in Southwark, and church charities in the West Country and Ireland.

Sir Richard Levett's wife, in particular, was a generous donor to religious causes. Edmund Calamy, the English Nonconformist churchman, refers to "Lady Levett" in his memoirs as his great "friend", and Mrs. Levett was noted in other accounts as a generous donor to religious and educational causes. Minister Calamy even dedicated a sermon to Lady Levett.

Samuel Pepys, the diarist and Secretary of the Admiralty (and friend of Robert Blackborne, who held the same job), apparently socialised with Richard Levett. "After staying here a great while at Westminster", Pepys noted in his diary of 14 March 1668,  "we (went) back to London, and there to Philips's, and his man directed us to Mr. Levett's, who could not come, and he sent us to two more, and they could not; so that, at last, Levett as a great kindness did resolve he would leave his business and come himself, which set me in great ease in my mind."

Levett also figures prominently in the recently published diaries of politician Roger Whitley, Member of Parliament from Wales and then from Chester. Whitley was a prominent figure in Chester and a major Whig politician. Whitley's massive diaries reveal frequent meetings between the two men.

Death and legacy

Sir Richard Levett died in 1711. He and his wife and several of their daughters are buried in the churchyard at Kew, where there are memorials to them in the church as well as to the Blackborne family with whom they intermarried. The inscription carved into a mural slab set in the tower of Saint Anne's Church, Kew, reads: "Within this vault lie the remains of Sir Richard Levett, Knight, of Kew. Also of Lady Mary Levett, his wife, who died October 15th, 1722."

Sir Richard Levett's son Richard, also an Alderman (1722) and Sheriff of London, inherited his father's interests, but apparently mismanaged them, filing for bankruptcy in 1730. Consequently, many heirlooms of the Levett family of Sussex passed to the family of the Lord Mayor's daughter and her husband, the Hulse family of Hampshire, and are today at Breamore House, the Hulse family seat. (Alderman Levett, son of the Lord Mayor, died and was buried in Temple Church in 1740).

The third brother of Richard and Francis Levett was Rev. Dr. William Levett, principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and Dean of Bristol. The brothers' uncle, brother of their father Rev. Richard Levett of Rutland, was courtier William Levett Esq., who accompanied King Charles I during his flight from Cromwellian forces, and thence to his imprisonment at Carisbrooke Castle and to his eventual execution.

Some twelve years following Sir Richard's death, his wife Mary, by then living at Bath, changed her will to exclude two paintings she had previously bequeathed to a friend at Bath upon discovering that the portraits of King Charles I and his Queen were painted by the artist Anthony van Dyck. Given the discovery, Dame Mary Levett made a codicil to her will directing that the valuable paintings be sold with the proceeds going to her granddaughters. Presumably the Levett family had inherited the paintings from the Lord Mayor's uncle, groom of the bedchamber to the late King.

References

Sources
 The Levetts of Staffordshire, Dyonese Levett Haszard, Milford, Staffordshire, privately printed
 The Making of the English Middle Class: Business, Society and Family Life in London, 1660–1730, Peter Earle, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1989
  The Thorotons, Myles Thoroton Hildyard, privately printed, 1991

External links
 "Biography of Sir Richard Levett ( -1711), and his family" The University of Nottingham
  Seal (Coat of arms) of Mayor Sir Richard Levet, Haberdasher, Son of the Reverend Richard Levet of Ashwell in the County of Rutland, A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, John Strype, hrionline.ac.uk
 Portrait of Sir Richard Levett, The Home Counties Magazine: Devoted to the Topography of London, Vol. X, W. Paley Baildon, Reynell & Son, London, 1908

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1711 deaths
People from Ashwell, Rutland
Richard
People from Kew, London
History of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
British East India Company people
People associated with the Bank of England
17th-century lord mayors of London
17th-century English businesspeople
18th-century English people
Sheriffs of the City of London
English knights
English merchants
Year of birth unknown
Burials at St. Anne's Church, Kew
English people of Norman descent
English slave traders


Luke Eves (born 11 April 1989 in Bristol, England) is a rugby union player who currently plays for Hartpury College in the RFU Championship. He plays as a centre.  He has Premiership experience with Bristol as well as Newcastle Falcons.  His father is former Bristol Rugby captain, Derek Eves. His son is called Charlie Eves

Career History

Luke started his career with hometown club Bristol.  As well as playing club rugby he also has international experience, captaining the England U20 side which reached the final of the Junior World Championship in June 2009.  Eves signed for Newcastle from Bristol towards the end of the 2009/10 season, with the signing being announced the day after Bristol lost to Exeter in the Championship final. He returned to Bristol in January 2012   In 2015 he signed for Hartpury College.

Season-by-season playing stats

Honours and records

England U-20
Team captain: 2009
World Rugby Under 20 Championship runners up: 2009

Notes

References

External links
Bristol Rugby profile

1989 births
Living people
English rugby union players
People educated at Colston's School
Hartpury University R.F.C. players
Rugby union players from Bristol
Rugby union centres


Alaifatu Junior Fatialofa (born 16 December 1980) was born in Wellington, New Zealand

He is a rugby union and played for Wellington Lions in the Air New Zealand NPC

Fatialofa played for Exeter Chiefs from 2004 to 2008 and signed for Bristol Rugby for 2008-2009 Guinness Premiership.

External links
Bristol profile

Living people
1980 births
New Zealand rugby union players
Bristol Bears players
Exeter Chiefs players
Cornish Pirates players
Rugby union centres


Vungakoto Filimone Lilo (born 28 February 1983, in Ha'apai, Tonga) is a rugby union footballer who plays for Montauban having previously played for a number of clubs including Bordeaux and Bristol. He also plays internationally for Tonga and competed at the 2007 Rugby World Cup and the 2011 Rugby World Cup. He plays as a fullback.

External links
Cornish Pirates Archives Profile

Living people
1983 births
Bristol Bears players
Rugby union players from Haʻapai
Tonga international rugby union players
Tongan rugby union players
Tongan expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in England
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in France
Union Bordeaux Bègles players
Rugby union fullbacks
2007 Rugby World Cup players
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players


The Slingsby SAH 2200 hovercraft is a small military hovercraft designed and originally produced by the Slingsby Amphibious Hovercraft Company at their facility in Kirkbymoorside, England.

Work on the vehicle commenced during the early 1980s, leading to full-scale testing during 1986. Quantity production of the SAH 2200 was achieved during the early 1990s, with several examples being sold to international military operators. An early prominent customer was the Finnish Border Guard. During September 2008, the rights to produce and market the SAH 2200 was sold by Slingsby to Engineering and Professional Services Inc. This company since produced its own model of the SAH 2200 hovercraft, designated the EPS SAH 2200, at their facilities in Titusville, Florida.

Development
During the early 1980s, the British firm Slingsby Amphibious Hovercraft Company decided to embark on the design and production of its own hovercraft, designated SAH 2200. As the specification for the vehicle was defined, it was designed to produce a relatively compact hovercraft that would make extensive use of composite materials. By 1986, an initial prototype had been completed and a second vehicle was nearing completion as certification trials of the type were underway. During these trials, the prototype demonstrated its ability to successfully operate in 1.5m short seas and Force 8 wind gusting Force 9, even while carrying a payload of 2,200kg.

In the late 1980s, Slingsby commenced quantity production of the SAH 2200 at their Kirkbymoorside facility. From the onset of the project, the vehicle was optimised towards military operations and was marketed primarily to the global export market. During March 1989, it was announced that the American firm had secured a licensing agreement with Slingsby to market and sell the SAH 2200; the arrangement included technology transfer and training aspects.

During September 2008, it was announced that the American company Engineering and Professional Services Inc. (EPS) had acquired Slingsby Advanced Composites Limited, which included all activities pertaining to the SAH 2200 hovercraft. The company has endeavoured to become a prominent manufacturer of hovercraft.

Since the change in ownership, it has been renamed the EPS SAH 2200. The company has established its own production line for the type at Titusville, Florida, producing it alongside its larger EPS M-10 hovercraft series. EPS has also developed an enhanced model of the vehicle, which involved the use of new composites to increase flexibility and impact resistance, as well as to lower fuel consumption and minimise fatigue. As of 2016, the company has continued to market the SAH 2200 to military customers around the world.

Configuration
The SAH 2200 is a compact military hovercraft. It has the capacity to transport a maximum of 12 fully-equipped troops, 23 passengers, or alternatively a payload of up to 2.2 tons. The vehicle is typically armed with a single 12.7mm machine gun. Both propulsion and auxiliary power is supplied by a single Cummins 6CTA-8-3M-1 diesel engine, rated at 190bhp at 2,500rpm. Power from the engine is delivered via a toothed belt to the vehicle's single 1.5m diameter propeller, which is positioned within a duct above the after part of the deck. Dependent upon customer preference, the deck area can be left completely open, covered by a half-canopy, or placed entirely within a cabin.

Considerable attention was paid to the SAH 2200's controllability, its designers aimed for it to have a high degree of manoeuvrability for operating in confined spaces and as well as to handle well over rough ground or uncalm seas. The variable-pitch propeller enabled a reverse thrust capability, while trimming was primarily performed by transferring fuel between its tanks. Other control surfaces include four elevators and three rudders, the latter providing directional control along with a transverse skirt shift system.

As originally designed, the SAH 2200 incorporated a very high degree of composite materials into its design; its body generally consists of a 75mm thick epoxy-resin coated GRP sandwich, the underside of which features sacrificial Kevlar protection. The principle materials used include glass and carbon fibers. All of the onboard systems and structural components alike have been designed to withstand inhospitable climates, such as the high prevailing ambient temperatures of the Middle East.

Operational history
One early customer was the Maryland State Police Department, who was operating one example in Chesapeake Bay as early as 1989.

The Finland Frontier Guard acquired its first SAH 2200 in March 1993. A further three were ordered in February 1998 and delivered during late 1999.

A single SAH 2200 was used in the filming of the opening action sequence to the James Bond movie Die Another Day; it has since been preserved at the Hovercraft Museum.

Operators

Specifications
 Designer / Manufacturer: Slingsby Amphibious Hovercraft Company
 Crew 2
 Dimensions
 Length 10.6 metres
 Width	4.2 metres
 full load displacement 5.5 tons
 Propulsion
 Motor: diesel engine
 Power: 1 Cummins 6CTA-8-3M-1 diesel engine 300 horsepower for lift and propulsion
 Propellers: 1 three-bladed variable-pitch propeller
 Performance
 Speed: 40 knots
 Range: 400 miles at 30 knots
 Military Lift: 12 troops or 2.2 tons of cargo
 Weapons
 1 X 12.7mm machine gun
 Radar
 Navigation: Raytheon R41; I-band

References

Citations

Bibliography
 Saunders, Stephen (RN) Jane's Fighting Ships 2003-2004 .

Military hovercraft
Landing craft
Ships of Finland


Alexander R. Corbisiero (born 30 August 1988) is an American-born English retired rugby union loosehead prop who last played for Premiership side Northampton Saints.

Early life and education
Born 30 August 1988, Alexander Corbisiero is the great grandson of Riccardo Corbisiero, who emigrated from Naples to the United States in 1923 and established Riccardo's – a restaurant well known for its continental cuisine – in Astoria, Queens in the early 1950s. Alex was born in New York City to the restaurateur's grandson and his English wife Lorraine Collins. He immigrated to England with his parents shortly before his fifth birthday.

Corbisiero was first educated at Hall School Wimbledon, then Reed's School, finally graduating from ACS Cobham International School in 2006, where he was also captain of the school's Cougars rugby team. He studied at the London School of Economics. He then studied for a BA in history at Birkbeck, University of London beginning in 2009.

Club career
He joined the London Irish Academy in August 2005, making his professional club debut against London Wasps in the 2008 London Double Header.

Corbisiero was a used replacement in the final of the 2008–09 Guinness Premiership.

On 16 January 2013, Corbisiero left London Irish to sign for Northampton Saints for the 2013/14 season. In 2014 Corbisiero played as a replacement as Northampton beat Saracens to win the Premiership final.

Corbisiero left Northampton Saints in January 2016 due to an injury plagued time at the club.

International career

Corbisiero represented England at Under-18, Under-19 and Under-20 level. He competed for England at the 2007 Under 19 Rugby World Championship.

In 2008 Corbisiero was a member of the England under-20 team that won the grand slam and reached the final of the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship.

Corbisiero was eligible to represent either England, Italy, Ireland or the US at senior level, but cast his lot with England when he made his debut for the England Saxons against Russia at the 2010 Churchill Cup.

Corbisiero made his senior debut for England against Italy on 12 February 2011 after Andrew Sheridan was ruled out of the match with a back injury. He went on to feature in four of England's five tests as they won the Six Nations Championship, with injury ruling Sheridan out for the rest of the tournament.
Corbisiero represented England at the Rugby World Cup 2011.  He was also a regular in the team during 2012, both in the Six Nations championship (four victories and one defeat) and in the summer and autumn internationals (including two losses to South Africa and a victory over New Zealand.)

Injury ruled him out of the 2013 Six Nations championship, and seemed to have ruled him out of initial selection for the British & Irish Lions squad for the 2013 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia. However, on 5 June, he replaced Irish prop Cian Healy after Healy was injured during the second tour match against Western Force. Corbisiero started the first Test against Australia on Saturday 22 June. Corbisiero scored the Lions' first try in their victorious third test against Australia which clinched the series.

Further injuries to shoulder, neck and back dogged his career, and he played only two more international matches, against Argentina in November 2013, then one more appearance two years later, coming off the subs bench against France in August 2015, in a warm-up match for the 2015 World Cup.  Recurrent injuries prevented him being part of the World Cup squad.

Sabbatical and retirement
Corbisero experienced a succession of injuries in 2013-15, particularly of a knee. In December 2015 (at age 27) Corbisiero announced he would taking a year out from Rugby, saying he was 'mentally drained', but that he envisaged returning to play.

In early 2018, while guest hosting on the Rugby Pod podcast, Corbisiero acknowledged it was unlikely he would be returning to professional rugby. This decision was affected by the attractiveness of continuing his media work with NBC, and his concern about possible injury damage from an extended playing career.

Media career and other interests
Corbisiero was an analyst for NBC Sports coverage of the Aviva Premiership along with Leigh Diffey.

Corbisiero also has interests in a student placement agency and in rugby coaching.

Coaching career
On October 27, 2020, Corbisiero was appointed Scrum Coach for the Los Angeles Giltinis for the 2021 Major League Rugby season.

Health issues
Corbisero was diagnosed with testicular cancer in November 2019 and is receiving further treatment after the cancer spread to his lymph nodes.

References

External links

Alex Corbisiero profile at Northampton Saints
Alex Corbisiero profile at the RFU
Alex Corbisiero profile at It's Rugby

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from New York City
American rugby union players
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
American people of English descent
American people of Italian descent
American people of Irish descent
English people of Irish descent
English people of Italian descent
American emigrants to England
Italian British rugby union players
Rugby union props
London Irish players
Northampton Saints players
People educated at Hall School Wimbledon
People educated at Reed's School
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from England
2011 Rugby World Cup players


Jonathan Fisher (born 15 September 1988 in Kingston upon Thames, England) is a rugby union coach for London Irish. He played at Flanker or No. 8.

He was educated at Wellington College in Crowthorne, Berkshire, where he played for the 1st XV that were eliminated in the Daily Mail Cup at the semi-final stage in 2007. He also played at Lock in the side that got knocked out at the same stage a year earlier.

He was a member of the England Under-20 team that reached the final of the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship. He also played for the England Sevens team at the 2008 Hong Kong Sevens.

He made his club debut for London Irish as a substitute against the Ospreys on 4 November 2007, in the 2007–08 EDF Energy Cup. He also appeared in the Premiership as well as an appearance off the bench for the England Saxons against Portugal.

At the end of the 2010–11 Aviva Premiership, Fisher left London Irish to join the Bedford Blues in the Greene King IPA Championship.
Where he stayed for a season and then re-joined London Irish for the 2012/13 season in the 2012-13 Aviva Premiership.

On 1 September 2014, Fisher signed for Northampton Saints from the 2014-15 season. After an impressive first season with Northampton Saints, Fisher was picked to represent England at Twickenham against the Barbarians.

He left Bristol to take a coaching role with London Irish's academy in August 2017.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership profile
London Irish profile
England Profile

1988 births
Living people
English rugby union players
London Irish players
Rugby union flankers
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
Rugby union players from Kingston upon Thames


Nic Rouse (born 10 February 1981 in Chatham, Kent, England) is a former rugby union player for London Irish in the RFU Premiership. He previously played for Sale Sharks in the Aviva Premiership. He plays as a lock. Rouse joined Sale Sharks in 2010 from Nottingham.  He had previously made over 120 appearances for Nottingham and enjoyed a short spell on loan to London Irish in 2008 when injuries to Nick Kennedy, James Hudson and Bob Casey meant the club had only 1 fit lock.
Rouse was educated in Newbury and from the age of 5 played rugby at Newbury Rugby Club.  He joined the Bath Rugby Academy in 1999 and subsequently spent time with Caerphilly, Manchester and several seasons with Plymouth Albion before joining Nottingham in 2006 when he was awarded 'Player of the Year' in his first season.  He was named in the National One 'Dream Team' in Rugby Times twice and has represented England Students and England Counties. Rouse retired in April 2016 after ongoing injury problems.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership profile

1981 births
Living people
English rugby union players
London Irish players
Plymouth Albion R.F.C. players
Rugby union players from Kent
Rugby union locks
Sale Sharks players


William Henry Wylde (February 7, 1817 – 1895) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Guysborough County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1870 to 1875 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Halifax, the son of Isaac Wylde. Wylde married Martha Caroline Simpson. He was a public school trustee. Wylde resigned his seat in 1875.

References

The Canadian parliamentary companion, HJ Morgan (1874)

1817 births
1895 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs


Sir Norman Moore, 1st Baronet, FRCP (8 January 1847 – 30 November 1922) was a British doctor and historian, best known for his work with the Royal College of Physicians and his writings on history of medicine. Born in Higher Broughton, Salford, Lancashire, the only child of abolitionist and social reformer Rebecca Moore, née Fisher, of Limerick and the noted Irish political economist Robert Ross Rowan Moore, Moore worked in a cotton mill before studying natural sciences in Cambridge and then going on to study comparative anatomy at St Bartholomew's Hospital.

Early life
Moore was born in Higher Broughton, Salford, Lancashire, in 1847. He was the only child of abolitionist and social reformer Rebecca Moore, née Fisher, of Limerick and the noted Irish political economist Robert Ross Rowan Moore. The couple had been estranged since before Norman's birth, and he was raised by Rebecca through the support of her circle of Liberal nonconformist friends at Manchester. He studied initially at Chorlton High School, but left at the age of 14 to work in a cotton mill. He studied at Owens College from 1862 until 1865, and then read natural sciences at St Catharine's College, Cambridge University, from 1865 to 1868, graduating in 1869. During his time in Cambridge he met and became friends with Francis Darwin, the son of Charles Darwin, and the Reverend Whitwell Elwin. During his childhood in Manchester he had developed a passion for walking, and had visited Ireland on a walking tour, cementing his affinity for the country's history, people and culture. In 1863 he had visited the natural history collection at Walton Hall, Wakefield, befriending the author and explorer Charles Waterton.

Influences and connections
Moore's friendship with Elwin, a former editor of the Quarterly Review, brought him into contact with important literary figures, including the publishers John Murray, father and son, author and critic Leslie Stephen, and Shakespearian scholar William James Craig. Moore's interest in natural history was influenced by his acquaintances with Alfred Newton, Richard Owen, and Charles Darwin. The recipient of an eight-year residential scholarship at St Catharine's, Moore was invited by university's anatomy professor George Murray Humphry, to assist in the establishment of the school of science at Cambridge. Moore however ran foul of St Catharine's master, the Reverend Charles Kirkby Robinson, during a minor scuffle in the hall. Robinson rusticated Moore, leading to Moore's friend Elwin waging a pamphlet war on his behalf. Though Moore was allowed to sit his exams, he lost his scholarship, and in 1869 he enrolled at St Bartholomew's, London, to study comparative anatomy.

Medical and writing career
After clinical studies at St Bartholomew's Hospital, he qualified as a doctor in 1872. He obtained his MD in 1876, with his thesis, The Causes and Treatment of Rickets. He spent his entire career at St Bartholomew's, serving as warden of the college from 1873 to 1891, and in the roles of lecturer in anatomy, pathology, and medicine, and physician to the hospital in 1902. Moore maintained a frequent correspondence with many of his academic friends, broadening his knowledge to ancient Irish texts through his friendship with Standish Hayes O'Grady, and learnt palaeography from Henry Bradshaw. Moore became a prolific author, producing a new edition of Essays in Natural History, and translations from the Book of Leinster in 1881 and a translation from the German of Concise Irish Grammar in 1882. He contributed 459 lives to the Dictionary of National Biography, edited by Leslie Stephen, and through his association with Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood, developed a keen interest in military history. Moore's four FitzPatrick lectures in 1905–1906 were published as The History of the Study of Medicine in the British Isles (four chapters with one chapter per lecture).

He succeeded Sir William Osler as president of the History of Medicine Society at the RSM, in 1914.

One of his greatest works, written in two volumes over a period of 30 years, was History of St Bartholomew's Hospital (1918). The history of the hospital was also the subject of the Rede Lecture he gave in 1914: St Bartholomew's Hospital in peace and war.

Through his mother Moore met Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon, who in turn introduced him to artists and literary figures including Hercules Brabazon Brabazon, William De Morgan, the Rossettis Dante Gabriel, Christina, William Michael and Maria Francesca, Helen and William Allingham, George Eliot, and Mme Belloc and her children, Hilaire and Marie. Moore became involved with Bodichon's niece, Amy Leigh Smith, and proposed to her in 1876. Her parents objected at first, but eventually, they were married on 30 March 1880 by Whitwell Elwin.

Moore was elected to the Royal College of Physicians in 1877 and became an active member, serving as president between 1918 and 1922 and representing the college on the General Medical Council for 21 years. He was a trustee of the British Museum and was created a baronet in 1919. His old college, St Catharine's, made him an honorary fellow in 1909. He retired from St Bartholomew's in 1911 and was appointed consulting physician to the hospital, emeritus lecturer in medicine, and hospital governor. He became secretary of The Literary Society, and librarian of the Royal Society of Medicine from 1899 until 1918. He was Harveian librarian at the Royal College of Physician, the 1901 Harveian orator, and was elected senior censor in 1908. He combined his medical studies and numerous lectureships with his study and reproduction of ancient manuscripts.

Family and personal life
Moore lived at first at the Warden's House, Little Britain, West Smithfield after his marriage to Amy Leigh Smith, moving in 1891, to 94 Gloucester Place, west London. The marriage produced two sons, Alan Hilary and Gillachrist, and a daughter, Ethne Philippa. Ethne was appointed MBE and awarded the BEM; she married Walter Marlborough Pryor. Gillachrist was killed during the first battle of Ypres in 1914. Amy contracted tuberculosis and converted to Roman Catholicism in 1900. Moore, despite his nonconformist upbringing, did so as well. Amy died on 25 August 1901, and Moore married her first cousin, Milicent Ludlow in 1903. In 1920 Moore received an honorary LLD from Cambridge, but by then he had been aged by the war, never fully recovering from the death of his son, and his writing began to show signs of Parkinsonism. He died in Hancox, near Battle in East Sussex, on 30 November 1922. An obituary in The Times grudgingly wrote that his work ‘lacked that deeper scholarship’ which would ‘render it lasting’. This was refuted by M. R. James, then the provost of Eton College who wrote to The Times on 8 December 1922 declaring that ‘I have never met any man whose erudition was so varied, lay so ready to hand, or was so delightfully enlivened by human and humorous touches’.

Lectureships
Bradshaw Lecturer (1889)
Harveian Orator (1901)
FitzPatrick Lecturer (1905–06)
Lumleian Lecturer (1909)
Linacre Lecture (1913)
Rede Lecture (1914)

References

External links

1847 births
1922 deaths
20th-century English medical doctors
English medical historians
Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
Presidents of the Royal College of Physicians
People from Broughton, Greater Manchester
Presidents of the History of Medicine Society


Lachlan Mitchell born 30 September 1987 in Australia is a rugby union player for Melbourne Rebels in the Super Rugby competition. He plays as a centre wing and fullback.

Career

Sydney
As a student Mitchell played for Sydney University and trained with the New South Wales Waratahs.

London Wasps

Mitchell joined Wasps in 2008, from Sydney University. He made 31 appearances as a regular support player for the 1XV and strong figure in the A League side. Mitchell was signed for Wasps on a two-year deal from the New South Wales Waratahs' academy. He joined Wasps on the recommendation of former England prop Trevor Woodman who coached him at Sydney Uni. He made his Wasps debut for against London Irish on 6 September 2008.

Upon Mitchell's signing, Wasps' Director of Rugby Ian McGeechan said, "Lachlan is a player who we feel will both benefit from and add to the Wasps environment. We have been impressed with the footage we have seen of him."

As well as the playing side of Wasps, Mitchell also went out in the community. In December 2008 he took part in a visit to children at the Wexham Park Hospital giving out Christmas cards and presents.

In April 2009, Mitchell and the London Wasps team took part in The Rugby Club's 'Crossbar Challenge' on Sky Sports. Mitchell was the only player to successfully throw the rugby ball through the posts. He therefore went through to the head-to-head stage against Wales legend Scott Quinnell to see who could throw the ball the furthest. Quinnell scored 41 metres and Mitchell scored 41.2 metres, therefore meaning that he won the challenge.

On 4 October 2009, Mitchell was injured making a try-saving tackle in the Premiership match against Northampton Saints. Mitchell was knocked out cold before he landed on the ground and remained motionless as he was treated on the pitch for 10 minutes. Mitchell was stretchered off to hospital and was given the all clear – easing fears that he had sustained a broken neck. Mitchell was diagnosed as suffering from the effects of mild concussion and was monitored by the Wasps medical team and put on a strict 5-day recovery plan. Mitchell recovered from his concussion and was selected to play at fullback in the game against Racing Metro 92 on 11 October.

Wasps director of rugby Tony Hanks commented after the game, "There aren't too many braver than Lachie," he said. "And that tackle he made at the end was a try-saving tackle and a big moment for us. It personifies what this team is about. Lachie's gone to hospital but he was awake when he left. We are hoping for the moment it's all precautionary but obviously, after a collision like that, you don't want to take any chances".

Melbourne Rebels

On 15 March 2010, London Wasps announced that Mitchell would move to Australia to join the Melbourne Rebels in the Super Rugby competition, along with Wasps' teammate Danny Cipriani.

In 2011 Mitchell played in the Rebels pre-season game against Fiji, and scored an opportunist try early in the game. On 28 May 2012 Mitchell became the Rebels most capped player, when the Rebels travelled to Wellington to be trounced by the Hurricanes.

References

External links
Melbourne Rebels Player Profile
London Wasps profile
Hanks hails Mitchell heroics

Living people
1987 births
Australian rugby union players
Wasps RFC players
Melbourne Rebels players
Rugby union centres
Rugby union wings
Rugby union players from Sydney
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England
Australian expatriate rugby union players


Charlie Beech (born 21 July 1987 in Stevenage, England) is a rugby union player for Coventry R.F.C. in the RFU Championship. He plays as a prop.

Beech represented England at the U19 World Championship in 2006. Beech also represented the England under-20 team in the 2007 Six Nations.

Beech joined the academy of Northampton Saints in 2003, he made one appearance for their senior side, against Rugby Viadana in the European Challenge Cup. After Saints were relegated in the 2006–07 season, Beech signed for London Wasps.

Beech made his competitive debut for Wasps against London Irish, in their first win of the 2007–08 Guinness Premiership. He would have to wait another 13 months before his next appearance, when he scored a match winning try against the Newcastle Falcons. In April 2009, Beech signed a contract.

It was announced on 8 March 2011 that Beech had signed for Bath on a three-year deal. In October 2013, Beech signed for Yorkshire Carnegie on an indefinite loan from the rest of the 2013–14 season. However, he signed a permanent deal with Yorkshire Carnegie, effectively leaving Bath.

On 8 April 2018, Beech left Leeds to join Championship rivals Coventry

References

External links
Wasps profile
Guinness Premiership profile

1987 births
Living people
English rugby union players
People from Stevenage
Northampton Saints players
Wasps RFC players
Rugby union props
People educated at Oakham School
Leeds Tykes players


Hugo Ellis (born 4 February 1988, in Isleworth, London, England) is a rugby union player who plays as a back-row forward for Rosslyn Park. He is a former pupil of St Benedict's School, Ealing.

In June 2010 Ellis joined Newport Gwent Dragons. He was released by Newport Gwent Dragons at the end of the 2011–12 season.

As well as playing club rugby, Ellis has also been capped by England U-20 – helping them to win the 2008 U-20 Six Nations title.

His brother Arthur Ellis is also a rugby player, currently with Ealing Trailinders, while their father Wyn Ellis played for Neath.

Season-by-season playing stats

Club

International/County/Representative

Honours/Records

England under-20s
 Six Nations U-20 champions: 2008

References

External links
 Guinness Premiership profile
 Newport Gwent Dragons profile

1988 births
Living people
Dragons RFC players
English rugby union players
People educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing
Rosslyn Park F.C. players
People from Isleworth
Rugby union players from the London Borough of Hounslow
Wasps RFC players
Rugby union number eights


Henry Barratt born 28 April 1983 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is a rugby union player for the London Wasps in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a centre.

He appeared as a replacement in the Help for Heroes game.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership profile
Wasps profile
Cornish Pirates profile
Harlequins profile

Living people
1983 births
English rugby union players
Rugby union players from Oxford
Wasps RFC players
Rugby union centres


Ross Batty (born 20 September 1986, in England) a former Barnard Castle School pupil, is an English rugby union player whose primary position is hooker. Batty is currently at Bath in Premiership Rugby.

A regular in the scrum for Bath after joining from Rotherham in 2010. Batty celebrated his 150th appearance for the Somerset side, on the 2nd of February 2018. The record takes into account cup matches.

On 25 April 2019 Batty renewed his contract with Bath. The Bath regular agreed on an 'undisclosed-length' contract. With the club he had spent nine seasons with, at the end of the 2018-2019 season.
 He will retire on medical grounds at the end of the 2020–21 season.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership Profile

1986 births
Bath Rugby players
English rugby union players
Living people
Newcastle Falcons players
People educated at Barnard Castle School
Rotherham Titans players
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union players from Tyne and Wear


Tim Swinson (born 17 February 1987 in London, England) is a former Scotland international rugby union player. His preferred position was lock. He recently played for Saracens in Premiership Rugby. He retired from rugby in June 2022.

Rugby Union career

Amateur career

Swinson was drafted to Ayr in the Scottish Premiership for the 2017-18 season.

Professional career

Swinson has played for Newcastle Falcons in the English Premiership. He made his Newcastle 1st XV debut against Bath during the 2007–08 season. Swinson ended a disappointing season for the Newcastle Falcons by being named the Falcons Player of the Year.
Swinson finished runner up behind Brian McGookin for Falcons player of the year in 2009-10.

He signed a deal with Glasgow Warriors to join them from Newcastle Falcons in the 2012–13 season.

He announced his retirement from the game in May 2020 in order to pursue an apprenticeship in the same garage that his Scotland and Glasgow Warriors team-mate Gordon Reid holds a position in.

Despite having previously announced his retirement he signed a one-year contract with Saracens ahead of the 2020–21 season. He extended his contract by a further year ahead of Saracens' return to the Premiership the following season.

International career

He played for Scotland 'A' making his debut in 2013 against England Saxons He won 38 caps for Scotland.

References

External links
Newcastle Falcons profile

1987 births
Living people
Scottish rugby union players
Newcastle Falcons players
People educated at Oundle School
Glasgow Warriors players
Saracens F.C. players
Scotland international rugby union players
Scotland 'A' international rugby union players
Ayr RFC players
Glasgow Hawks players
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union locks
Rugby union players from London
2015 Rugby World Cup players


Rory Clegg (born 6 January 1990) is a former rugby union player. He played as a Fly-half.

Early life
Clegg was born on 6 January 1990 at the British Military Hospital in Hanover, Germany; his father was serving in the army. He attended  Barnard Castle School in County Durham and played for the School first XV coached by former Harlequin, Martin Pepper. Rory started playing rugby with Darlington RFC and Barnard Castle School aged 10 and went on to represent Barnard Castle School first XV, coached by former Harlequin Martin Pepper, County Durham and the North of England at age group levels.

Career
By the time Clegg celebrated his 21st birthday in 2011, he had not only represented England at three levels, under-16, under-18 and under-20, but also played in 25 Guinness Premiership matches and scored 96 points, split between Harlequins and Newcastle Falcons.

Clegg made his England Saxons’ debut for his country’s youngest Churchill Cup squad and converted 11 of the 13 tries in the 87–8 win over the USA at Franklin’s Gardens, Northampton in the opening match on 4 June 2011. He also landed all his seven kicks, five conversions and two penalty goals, despite the wind and rain, in the 41–14 win against Tonga at Kingsholm, Gloucester eight days later.  The Churchill Cup final at Sixways, Worcester was against Canada, and he was named man of the match in the 37–6 victory.

He began his representative career with England under-16, became the starting fly half for the unbeaten under-18 side in 2008 and played for the under-20 team in the 2009 and 2010 IRB Junior World Championships in Japan and Argentina.

He has participated in overseas tours to New Zealand, with his school, with England sides to Australia, Argentina and Japan and routinely to Europe as part of European rugby cup competitions.

His mentors have included Rob Andrew, Mark Mapletoft, Jonny Wilkinson, Nick Evans and Jack Frater.

Spotted by Rob Andrew, Clegg launched his top-level club career for the Newcastle Falcons when 18 as deputy for the injured Jonny Wilkinson against Sale Sharks in September 2008. He landed three penalty goals in a 14–9 Guinness Premiership defeat that impressed Falcons’ director of rugby Steve Bates, who said: "He was outstanding for a youngster playing his first game against a back line full of internationals."

In 2009 he moved to Harlequins and made his starting debut in the Premiership on 31 October in front of a record sell-out crowd of 14,282 at the Twickenham Stoop. In the final minute, he booted over a third penalty from the halfway line that salvaged a 9–9 draw with London Irish.  He was a replacement for Harlequins in their 2011–12 Premiership final victory over Leicester Tigers. He went on to make over 50 appearances for Harlequins amassing over 270 points before being lured back to Newcastle Falcons by Dean Richards. During the period January–April 2013, he was loaned to Leeds Carnegie where he played 8 games amassing a total of 80 points.

Clegg joined the Falcons ahead of the 2013–14 Aviva Premiership following their promotion from the RFU Championship.  His contract with the Falcons ran out at the end of the 2014–15 season.

On 17 July 2015 it was announced that Clegg had secured a short term professional contract with Glasgow Warriors to provide depth and competition for places during the 2015 World Cup when the Warriors will lose a host of their top stars on Scotland duty.

In November 2015 Clegg joined Top-14 side  Oyonnax when the Glasgow short-term deal ended.

Having impressed in his first spell at Glasgow Warriors, Clegg re-signed with the Glasgow side on 17 March 2016 in a deal to at least May 2017.

On 27 February 2017 it was announced that Clegg had joined Ealing Trailfinders till the end of the 2017 season.

References

External links
England Profile
Leeds Carnegie Profile
Guinness Premiership profile
Four players signed ahead of new campaign

Living people
1990 births
English rugby union players
Newcastle Falcons players
People educated at Barnard Castle School
Glasgow Warriors players
Oyonnax Rugby players
Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club players
Harlequin F.C. players
Rugby union fly-halves


Marc Jones (born 3 April 1987) is a rugby union player for the Scarlets in the Pro 14 He plays as a hooker. In the 2005–2006 season, Jones made 1 appearance as Sale Sharks won their first ever Premiership title.

On 19 January 2015, it was announced Jones joined Bristol on a two-year deal starting from the next season. On 22 March 2017, Jones returned to Sale Sharks on a two-year contract from the 2017–18 season.

On 28 August 2018, Jones left Sale to sign for Welsh region Scarlets in the Pro14 from the 2018–19 season.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership profile

1987 births
Living people
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union players from Pontypridd
Sale Sharks players
Welsh rugby union players
Bristol Bears players
Scarlets players


Spencer Davey (born  in Taunton, Somerset, England) is a rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a centre.

External links
Guinness Premiership profile

1983 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Rugby union players from Taunton
Glasgow Warriors players


UFOetry is a band from Los Angeles, California, United States. It was formed in July 2004 by ufologist and MUFON member Joshua Poet. UFOetry performs rock operas focused on the UFO phenomena and its implications on society. Their multimedia shows combine live music and theatrical performance delivered to audiences at UFO festivals and conferences.

Mission
UFOetry's stated mission is to benefit the "greater good" of the community, society and the world, by spreading the word of the UFO phenomena, across the planet, using every form of media available.

History
UFOetry has been presenting its message since 2004 at UFO events in the continental United States. Some of these include: the Aztec UFO Symposium, the Retro UFO Spaceship Convention, and the Roswell UFO Festival.

UFOetry has been recognized by the Los Angeles music scene:
 Music and Poetry EP of the Year 2004
 Music Video of the Year 2005
 Best Filmed Music Award
 Concept Album of the Year…Blue Planet Tour
 Concert Performance of the Year…Roswell UFO Festival 60th Anniversary
 Stage Show of the Year...Roswell UFO Festival 61st Anniversary
 Producers Choice Award 2010

Joshua Poet has been a guest on X-Zone Radio  with Rob McConnell, UFO Files  with Jerry Pippin and Live From Roswell  with Guy Malone, who refers to their music as "the music of ufology."

Highlights
In 2006 nuclear physicist and UFOlogist, Stanton Friedman introduced UFOetry for their first performance in Aztec, New Mexico. Later that year during their performance in front of the Integratron, a sighting occurred in which six orange orbs were seen in the night sky by several observers.

In 2008 as one of the festival headliners, UFOetry gave ten performances over the three-day festival, which included a live spot on the CBS Early Edition, as well as international press in 8 countries.

References

UFO organizations
American space rock musical groups
Science fiction music
Music of California
UFO culture in the United States


Chris Wyles (born 13 September 1983) is a former American-English rugby union player. Until his retirement from international rugby in January 2016, Wyles had represented the United States in three World Cups (2007, 2011 and 2015). He was the USA Eagles Captain in the 2015 World Cup. In the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 season, he was Captain of the USA National Sevens team, a core team in the World Rugby Sevens series. In 2015, he was selected for the USA Olympic team to compete in the Sevens rugby event at the Rio Olympic Games.

In 2008, he joined Saracens in the English Premiership. In over 200 appearances, he has helped his club to win 4 Aviva Premiership Champion titles (2011, 2015, 2016, 2018) and two European Champions Cup (2016, 2017)

He played at wing, full back or centre. Wyles is the most-capped fullback of all time for the U.S. national team.

Background
Wyles was born in Stamford, Connecticut  but lived mostly in Allentown, Pennsylvania before he moved to his parents' native United Kingdom when he was 11 years old. He then attended Haileybury and Imperial Service College in Hertford and went on to study Politics at the University of Nottingham.

Club career
Wyles' first professional club was the Championship team, Nottingham RFC. He then played for Northampton Saints, in the 2006/2007 season. It was during this period that he caught the eye of the USA Eagles coaching team and this eventually resulted in his involvement in the IRB Sevens World Series and the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France.

Wyles joined Saracens in summer of 2008, after impressive performances in the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Eddie Jones, who was on the Springboks coaching team, saw Wyles' potential and when Jones became Director of Rugby at Saracens, he brought him to the club. Wyles debuted for Saracens on 12 September 2008 against the Sale Sharks.

In the 2009/2010 season he was a regular starter on the wing, playing in the Saracens team that took on Leicester in the final of the English Premiership. For his performances during the 2009/10 season, Wyles was nominated for Player of the Season by Brendan Venter.

Following on from that season, Wyles became a key figure in the successful 2010/11 Premiership winning side, beating Leicester 22-18 in the Final.

In the 2014/15 season, Wyles scored 12 tries, tying for second highest scorer in the English Premiership. One of these tries helped Saracens to a second Premiership title by defeating Bath 28-16 in the final.

The 2015/2016 season was a major achievement year for Saracens, winning the Premiership Title for a third time, overcoming Exeter 28-20 (with Wyles scoring a try in the final for the second year running) and taking the European Champions Cup, 21-9 against Racing 92.

The 2016/17 season was also a huge achievement for Saracens, winning the European Championship for a second year in a row, beating Clermont Auvergne in Edinburgh 28-17. Wyles made his 50th European appearance during this season.

Wyles has now contributed over 60 tries for his Club, 23 of those scored in European Competition.

As of the 2017/18 season Wyles holds the record for most tries scored in the Premiership semi-final rounds with five. Wyles went on to score two tries in the final as Saracens claimed their fourth Premiership title in eight years with a 27-10 win over Exeter at Twickenham; these were his third and fourth tries scored in a victorious Premiership final after getting one in 2015 and one in 2016.

Wyles retired in 2018. He then started working for Wolfpack lager, with former team-mate Alistair Hargreaves.

International career

Wyles first represented the USA National Rugby Sevens team at the 2007 Hong Kong Sevens. From there, he went on to captain the USA team in the IRB Sevens World Series. During his time with the USA National Sevens team, he scored an impressive 54 tries in 13 tournaments.

Wyles earned his first XV's cap at the Churchill Cup in 2007 against England Saxons before going on to play Fullback for the Eagles in the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. His performances in the World Cup led him to be named the American Rugby News 'Player of the Year'.  He continued to be a regular starter at Fullback for the USA National team after the 2007 World Cup.

In 2009, Wyles was included in the USA Eagles team of the decade by RugbyMag, a leading US rugby publication. Wyles continued his form for the USA team, playing in the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand, finishing as the Eagles top points scorer. His performances for club and country won him the 2012 Player of the Year award for American rugby.

Wyles participated in his third and final World Cup in England in 2015. He was appointed Captain of the USA National team for this event.

In January 2016, Wyles announced his retirement from international XVs duty with the Eagles. He had amassed 222 points for the National team over his 54 cap career, scoring 16 tries and 142 points with the boot. His future intent was to focus on the remaining years of his contract with Saracens FC in England and to push for selection to the USA Olympic Team for the Rio 2016 Olympic Summer Games.

Wyles reached his Olympic goal by playing with the USA National Sevens Team in Rio in August 2016.

International Tries

References

External links

 USA Rugby
 Aviva Premiership Rugby

1983 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
American emigrants to England
American expatriates in England
American people of English descent
American rugby union players
English rugby union players
Northampton Saints players
Nottingham R.F.C. players
Olympic rugby sevens players for the United States
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Rugby sevens players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Rugby union players from Connecticut
Saracens F.C. players
Sportspeople from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Stamford, Connecticut
United States international rugby sevens players
United States international rugby union players
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players
Rugby union fullbacks
Rugby union wings


José Luis Valbuena (born March 19, 1971 in Turmero, Aragua) is a former bantamweight boxer from Venezuela, who had a total number of 30 professional fights during his career. He is best known for knocking down Carlos Barreto on October 9, 1999. Three days after the bout Barreto died due to brain injuries sustained in the match. As an amateur Valbuena represented his native country at the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata, Argentina.

References

1971 births
Living people
People from Turmero
Sportspeople from Aragua
Bantamweight boxers
Boxers at the 1995 Pan American Games
Venezuelan male boxers
Pan American Games competitors for Venezuela


Rose Glen can refer to:

 Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee) — an NRHP-listed antebellum plantation in Sevierville, Tennessee, US
 Rose Glen Elementary School — a school in Waukesha School District of Wisconsin, US


The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is an electric motor that runs by reluctance torque and thus is a subgroup in reluctance motors. Unlike common brushed DC motor types, power is delivered to windings in the stator (case) rather than the rotor. This greatly simplifies mechanical design as power does not have to be delivered to a moving part which eliminates the need for a commutator, but it complicates the electrical design as some sort of switching system needs to be used to deliver power to the different windings. Electronic devices can precisely time the switching of currents, facilitating SRM configurations. Its main drawback is torque ripple. Controller technology that limits torque ripple at low speeds has been demonstrated. Sources disagree on whether it is a type of stepper motor.

The same electromechanical design can be used in a generator. The load is switched to the coils in sequence to synchronize the current flow with the rotation. Such generators can be run at much higher speeds than conventional types as the armature can be made as one piece of magnetisable material, as a slotted cylinder. In this case the abbreviation SRM is extended to mean Switched Reluctance Machine, (along with SRG, Switched Reluctance Generator). A topology that is both motor and generator is useful for starting the prime mover, as it saves a dedicated starter motor.

History

The first patent was by W. H. Taylor in 1838  in the United States.

The principles for SR drives were described around 1970, and enhanced by Peter Lawrenson and others from 1980 onwards. At the time, some experts viewed the technology as unfeasible, and practical application has been limited, partly because of control issues and unsuitable applications, and because low production numbers result in higher cost.

Operating principle
The SRM has wound field coils as in a DC motor for the stator windings. The rotor however has no magnets or coils attached. It is a solid salient-pole rotor (having projecting magnetic poles) made of soft magnetic material (often laminated steel). When power is applied to the stator windings, the rotor's magnetic reluctance creates a force that attempts to align the rotor pole with the nearest stator pole. In order to maintain rotation, an electronic control system switches on the windings of successive stator poles in sequence so that the magnetic field of the stator "leads" the rotor pole, pulling it forward. Rather than using a mechanical commutator to switch the winding current as in traditional motors, the switched-reluctance motor uses an electronic position sensor to determine the angle of the rotor shaft and solid state electronics to switch the stator windings, which enables dynamic control of pulse timing and shaping. This differs from the apparently similar induction motor that also energizes windings in a rotating phased sequence. In an SRM the rotor magnetization is static (a salient 'North' pole remains so as the motor rotates) while an induction motor has slip (rotates at slightly less than synchronous speed). SRM's absence of slip makes it possible to know the rotor position exactly, allowing the motor to be stepped arbitrarily slowly.

Simple switching
If the poles A0 and A1 are energised then the rotor will align itself with these poles. Once this has occurred it is possible for the stator poles to be de-energised before the stator poles of B0 and B1 are energized. The rotor is now positioned at the stator poles b. This sequence continues through c before arriving back at the start. This sequence can also be reversed to achieve motion in the opposite direction. High loads and/or high de/acceleration can destabilize this sequence, causing a step to be missed, such that the rotor jumps to wrong angle, perhaps going back one step instead of forward three.

Quadrature
A much more stable system can be found by using a "quadrature" sequence in which two coils are energised at any time. First, stator poles A0 and A1 are energized. Then stator poles B0 and B1 are energized which, pulls the rotor so that it is aligned in between A and B. Following this A's stator poles are de-energized and the rotor continues on to be aligned with B. The sequence continues through BC, C and CA to complete a full rotation. This sequence can be reversed to achieve motion in the opposite direction. More steps between positions with identical magnetisation, so the onset of missed steps occurs at higher speeds or loads.

In addition to more stable operation, this approach leads to a duty cycle of each phase of 1/2, rather than 1/3 as in the simpler sequence.

Control
The control system is responsible for giving the required sequential pulses to the power circuitry. It is possible to do this using electro-mechanical means such as commutators or analog or digital timing circuits.

Many controllers incorporate programmable logic controllers (PLCs) rather than electromechanical components. A microcontroller can enable precise phase activation timing. It also enables a soft start function in software form, in order to reduce the amount of required hardware. A feedback loop enhances the control system.

Power circuitry

The most common approach to powering an SRM is to use an asymmetric bridge converter. The switching frequency can be 10 times lower than for AC motors.

The phases in an asymmetric bridge converter correspond to the motor phases. If both of the power switches on either side of the phase are turned on, then that corresponding phase is actuated. Once the current has risen above the set value, the switch turns off. The energy now stored within the winding maintains the current in the same direction, the so-called back EMF (BEMF). This BEMF is fed back through the diodes to the capacitor for re-use, thus improving efficiency.

This basic circuitry may be altered so that fewer components are required although the circuit performs the same action. This efficient circuit is known as the (n+1) switch and diode configuration.

A capacitor, in either configuration, is used for storing BEMF for re-use and to suppress electrical and acoustic noise by limiting fluctuations in the supply voltage.

If a phase is disconnected, an SR motor may continue to operate at lower torque, unlike an AC induction motor which turns off.

Applications
SRMs are used in some appliances, specially in its linear form for wave energy conversion, magnetic levitation trains  or industrial sewing machines.

References

External links

 Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
 Real-Time Simulation and Control of Reluctance Motor Drives for High Speed Operation with Reduced Torque Ripple
 Torrey - Switched reluctance generators and their control DOI: 10.1109/41.982243
 Asadi - Development and application of an advanced switched reluctance generator drive
 SR database archive
  Adam Biernat: Electrical Machines in the Power Engineering and Automatics (Warsaw Polytechnic)
 Synchronous Reluctance Motor Introduction Concepts

Electric motors


USS Spitfire was an American gundalow that operated as a gunboat in 1776 on Lake Champlain. She was part of Benedict Arnold's small, hastily built fleet of ships whose purpose was to counter any British invasion forces passing through the lake from Canada. Her service life was brief; after only a few months patrolling the lake she was lost in the aftermath of the Battle of Valcour Island. The gunboat's wreck was located and documented in the 1990s by the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum.

Prelude
American militia under Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen had captured Fort Ticonderoga in 1775. Later that year these forces were involved in the invasion of Canada, but poor weather and timely arrival of British reinforcements caused the Americans to fall back to Fort Ticonderoga in May 1776. There they proceeded to build a gunboat fleet to help repel an expected British invasion.

The British, under the command of General Guy Carleton, realized that they needed to control Lake Champlain in order to conduct a successful campaign in New York. Since area roads were usually poor quality (if they existed at all), lakes and rivers were important transport routes for both sides. By controlling Lake Champlain, British forces in Canada could potentially link up with forces in New York City and crush the rebellion in America.(Nelson 2006:39ff)

The gunboats

Spitfire was one of eight gundalows built in Skenesborough (later renamed Whitehall). These gundalows, outfitted as gunboats, were built without plans though the shipwrights followed basic dimensions and instructions written by Benedict Arnold. The design of the American gunboats shows a balance between the need for rapid construction and effectiveness for their intended purpose. The gunboats all followed a common pattern. They were mostly decked over, with the middle third of the hull being open down to the bilge, thus dividing the deck into three sections. The low middle platform abaft the mast held the two broadside cannon (usually 9-pounders) and a fireplace. The guns were not opposite of each other in order to give more room to work them. The bow platform held the bow gun, usually a 9 or 12-pounder. Cannons were in short supply, so in the case of the gunboat  the bow gun was of Swedish origin cast about 100 years earlier. The stern platform held the helmsman and officers. This platform also held two arms chests. The rail caps had sockets for oarlocks, pivot guns and stanchions for awnings. Later on, fascines were added to the rail caps for protection against small arms fire. The gunboats carried positions for 12 oars, 6 per side. The rigging consisted of a single mast with a square mainsail and a topsail. To counteract the weight of the bow gun, the stern area held stones for ballast. Due to their square sails and flat, shallow bottoms the gunboats could only sail in wind blowing from astern.(Chapelle 1949:110f; Delgado 2001:97f; Nelson 2006:235ff, 250f)

Early service

As soon as the gunboats (and galleys) were launched at Skenesborough, they were sent to Fort Ticonderoga to be fitted out with sails and rigging. The warships, initially under the command of Jacobus Wynkoop, were then sent to patrol the northern part of the lake. Spitfire had joined the fleet by early August and participated in some of Wynkoop's early patrolling of the lake. Benedict Arnold was originally sent to Skenesborough to expedite the boat construction going on there, but by August 1776, he was sent to take over command of the fleet. He spent the time between August and October patrolling the lake and reconnoitering the British naval and troop buildup going on in St. Johns.(Nelson 2006:257ff)

On August 25, the fleet was sailing north to reconnoiter the British strongholds. While at anchor a violent storm blew in on August 26. All of Arnold's ships except Spitfire were able to sail out into the open lake. Spitfire was anchored closest to the lee shore, and was initially unable to set sail against the storm. Arnold ordered her to stay anchored in an attempt to ride out the storm while the rest of the fleet sailed south until they found a sheltered anchorage. Spitfire managed to survive the two-day storm and was able to rejoin the fleet at Buttonmold Bay.(Nelson 2006:264f)

By the first week in September, the American fleet was at the northern end of Lake Champlain, near the British base at St. Johns, Canada. They encountered many enemy troop encampments, and despite British efforts to lure them closer they did not try to attack St. Johns. After briefly observing enemy efforts at building shore batteries, Arnold sailed south on September 8 to Isle La Motte. There he considered making his stand against the impending British invasion, but upon hearing reports of British naval strength Arnold took the fleet further south to Valcour Island. The fleet arrived there on September 24.(Nelson 2006:269ff)

While at Valcour Island the fleet trained and waited for the British. During this time the galleys that were building at Skenesborough were completed and joined the fleet, which now consisted of three galleys, three schooners, eight gunboats and one sloop. A guard boat was sent out daily to the north end of the island to look for the British approach, which finally occurred on October 11.(Nelson 2006:290ff)

Action at Valcour Island

The British fleet had started making its way south on October 9. The fleet, under command of Thomas Pringle, consisted of one ship sloop, three schooners, one radeau, and over twenty gunboats. A small fleet of flat bottomed boats and bateaus carrying the British army followed. Pringle had imperfect intelligence of Arnold's whereabouts, and had sailed past Valcour Island before seeing the American fleet at anchor in the strait between the island and the mainland. However, the British fleet now had to sail against the prevailing north winds to reach the American fleet. The British gunboats, using their oars, were able to get into action quickly, with only sporadic help from the other British warships.(Nelson 2006:293ff)

The American fleet was anchored across the southern part of the strait in a crescent shaped line. Arnold had hoped that the British would initially bypass him and be forced to claw their way against the wind in order to attack. On that count he was successful, and the day was primarily a battle between the gunboats on the British side and the schooners, galleys, and gunboats on the American side.  By the end of the day the Americans lost one schooner, . Philadelphia, was so damaged that she sank that evening. All the other boats, including Spitfire, were damaged.(Nelson 2006:299ff)

Arnold decided that, due to the battered condition of his fleet and the lack of ammunition, he would withdraw south to Fort Ticonderoga. His fleet was able to slip past the British on the night of October 11–12. The following morning the British fleet, surprised to find the Americans gone, initiated a pursuit. This pursuit lasted over the next two days. In the end, only one galley, two schooners, the sloop and one gunboat survived to reach the fort.(Nelson 2006:310ff) Although the battle was a defeat for the Americans, it ultimately paved the way for an American victory the next year at Saratoga.

The Spitfire initially made its way south with the rest of Arnold's fleet towards Schuyler Island on the night of October 11–12. There the fleet halted to make repairs before resuming its flight toward Fort Ticonderoga.  The Spitfire, however, succumbed to battle damage and was abandoned, sinking in the early morning hours of October 12 in deep water off Schuyler Island.

Recent Developments

The wreck lay undisturbed until 1997,  when its intact remains were discovered during a survey by the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

The Lake Champlain Maritime Museum in June 2017 announced a five-phase plan to raise and preserve the Spitfire, anticipating a cost of about $44 million and a timeframe of 22 years.

Sources
Howard I. Chapelle, The History of the American Sailing Navy, W.W. Norton & Company, 1949
James P. Delgado, Lost Warships: An Archaeological Tour of the War at Sea, Checkmark Books, 2001.
James L. Nelson, Benedict Arnold's Navy, McGraw-Hill, 2006
Arthur B. Cohn et al., Valcour Bay Research Project: 1999-2004 Results from the Archaeological Investigation of a Revolutionary War Battlefield in Lake Champlain, Final Report, March 2007, Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. Report available to download here.
Lake Champlain Maritime Museum website

References

Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Row galleys of the Continental Navy
Ships of the Continental Navy
Age of Sail naval ships of the United States
1776 ships
National Register of Historic Places in Clinton County, New York
American Revolution on the National Register of Historic Places
Shipwrecks of Lake Champlain


Matt Lord (born 7 January 1978) is a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a lock. He was born in Taumarunui, New Zealand.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership profile

Living people
1978 births
New Zealand rugby union players
Northampton Saints players
People from Taumarunui


Mikkjel Fønhus (14 March 1894 – 28 October 1973) was a Norwegian journalist, novelist and short story writer. Fønhus' stories are often set in the wilderness, featuring animals and animal behaviour.

Personal life
Mikkel Arnesen Fønhus was born on the Nordre Fønhus farm in the Valdres Valley in Sør-Aurdal, Oppland, Norway to the merchant Arne Mikkelsen Fønhus (1860–1896) and Olava Olsdatter Storsveen (1867–1948). After six years of primary school, he attended four years of middle school in Aurdalsbyen and three years of secondary school in  Oslo. He also started studying law at the University of Oslo. His marriage to the teacher Helga Karlsgot in 1926 ended in divorce, and he then married Margrethe Frøshaug in 1934.

Career
Fønhus made his literary debut with the novel Skoggangsmand in 1917, a story about an outlaw. His breakthrough came with the next book, Der Vildmarken suser (1919), inspired by Jack London's The Call of the Wild.  His next books were Det skriker fra Kverrvilljuvet (1920) and Troll-Elgen (1921). These three books were all set in the wilderness, featuring animals and animal behavior. In 1922 he published a novel from Spitsbergen, Under polarlyset.

The stories of Fønhus also made frequent references to folk tales. Among his many qualities as a writer was his ability to develop the oral storytelling tradition. An example is the story "Ropet fra Helvetesjuvet" in the collection Raudalsdansen from 1924. In 1926 he wrote the novel Reinsbukken på Jotunfjell, in 1927 the collection Vandringen mot nord, and in 1929 Skogenes eventyrer, stories about a fox. He wrote stories about animals such as beaver, marten, wolves and lynx. He wrote about birds such as goose and eagle owl.

Fønhus concentrated in about writing about life in  nature itself. His books sold well and with the growing ecology movement, Mikkjel Fønhus appeared as a pioneer in the fight for preserving nature. He published 43 books on these themes during his life. Another 34 were published after his death. He work has been translated into Swedish, Danish, Finnish, German, French, English, Dutch, Czech and Polish. There is an exhibit of his work at Bagn Bygdesamling, a small museum located in Sør-Aurdal, Norway.

Awards
Gyldendal's Endowment 1952
Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, 1963
Kloster-medaljen, 1963
Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment, 1965
Språklig samlings litteraturpris, 1966

References

Other sources
Brandrud, Rolf Drømmejegeren - en biografi om Mikkjel Fønhus (Aschehoug forlag, Oslo: 1993)
Stensrud, Gudbjørg Fønhus Mikkjel, far min (Aschehoug forlag, Oslo: 1985)
Brenne, Tom Mikkjel Fønhus: En bibliografi (Universitetsbiblioteket. Oslo: 1993)
Børte, Torbjørn Mikkjel Fønhus: --fra Nissebakken til Thika River (Aschehoug forlag, Oslo: 1972)

External links
Website for Mikkjel Fønhus

1894 births
1973 deaths
People from Sør-Aurdal
Norwegian male writers


Alexander Rae born 2 February 1986 in Coventry, England is a rugby union head coach for Coventry. He previously played for the Northampton Saints, Saracens, London Wasps and Bedford Blues.

Personal life
Rae was educated at Coundon Court in Coventry.

Club career
Rae started his rugby career playing at Northampton Saints after coming up through their academy. He made his debut in 2005. He signed a full-time contract with them in 2007, however he only made 12 appearances with 2 starts while at Northampton Saints. In 2009, he was loaned out to Nottingham R.F.C. and later in the year moved to Bedford Blues and was named as the vice-captain in the 2011–12 season, being named as captain when James Pritchard was playing at the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In 2012 he played for Saracens F.C. on dual registration with Bedford Blues. In 2013 he was loaned to English Premiership side London Wasps so that Rae could play top flight rugby. London Wasps also paid compensation to Bedford Blues for the loan. In August 2013, Rae left Bedford Blues and moved to Jersey R.F.C.. Upon signing, he was given the captaincy of Jersey for the 2013-14 RFU Championship season. In May 2014, it was announced that Jersey had retained Rae for the 2014-15 RFU Championship season.

International career
Rae has played for the England national rugby sevens team. He has also represented the England national under-18 rugby union team, the England national under-19 rugby union team and the England national under-20 rugby union team.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership profile

1986 births
Living people
Bedford Blues players
English rugby union players
Jersey Reds players
Northampton Saints players
Rugby union players from Coventry
Saracens F.C. players
Wasps RFC players
Rugby union locks
English rugby union coaches


Scott Donald Gray (born 25 February 1978) in Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) is a retired rugby union footballer. Gray played as a flanker.

Gray was schooled at Peterhouse Boys, an independent school in Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe. He was head of Paget House and a school prefect. Gray moved to Australia aged 18. After spending two years in Canberra with the Brumbies academy he won a development contract with a view to playing in the Super 12.

However, Gray chose to switch codes and enjoyed a spell playing rugby league with Brisbane Broncos before joining Bath in the Guinness Premiership. From Bath Gray joined Border Reivers, playing for the side until they were disbanded by the Scottish Rugby Union.

Gray then joined English National Division One side Doncaster Knights before stepping up into the Premiership again with Northampton at the start of the 2008–09 season.

He won his first Scotland cap against Australia at Murrayfield in 2004, but would have to wait four years for his second chance on the international stage when, rejuvenated by his move to Northampton, he was called into Frank Hadden's squad for the autumn internationals. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season Gray had 8 caps for Scotland.

He intends to return to his former school and take up waterpolo and rugby coaching in 2011. This comes after a long-term injury that has halted his career with Scotland.

References

1978 births
Living people
Alumni of Peterhouse Boys' School
Doncaster R.F.C. players
Northampton Saints players
Rugby union flankers
Scotland international rugby union players
Scottish rugby union players
Rugby union players from Harare
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Zimbabwean emigrants to Australia
Zimbabwean people of British descent
Zimbabwean rugby league players
Zimbabwean rugby union players


Ben Lewitt born  in Leamington Spa, England is a rugby union player currently playing for the Bedford Blues in the Aviva Championship. He left the Northampton Saints at the end of the 2008-09 Guinness Premiership.

He played over 70 games for the Saints, including the quarter-final and semi-final of Northampton Saints' 2006-07 Heineken Cup run which saw them beat Biarritz Olympique in the Quarter-Final in San Sebastian before losing the Semi-Final to previous winners London Wasps at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry.

He plays at flanker.
He is 6'3" tall and weighs 105 kg

Ben's previous clubs include the Leicester Tigers, Orrell R.U.F.C. and Coventry R.F.C.
He has also represented the England Sevens where he went to the 2006 Commonwealth Games and has previously represented the England Students.

Ben briefly worked in the family brewing business The Warwickshire Beer Company, where some of their beers hold awards from Campaign for Real Ale. One of their best sellers is called 'Darling Buds' a 4% golden ale.

He is now a director & Athlete Manager at Green Room Sports Management.

He attended Princethorpe between the years 1990-1995.

References

External links
Guinness Premiership profile

1978 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Rugby union players from Warwickshire
Northampton Saints players
Leicester Tigers players


Jon Clarke (born 22 October 1983 in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England) is a rugby union player for Yorkshire Carnegie in the RFU Championship. He plays primarily as a centre and also occasionally at full-back or on the wing.

He has represented the England Saxons team and many have suggested he should be given a chance in the full England rugby union team with other young players like Mathew Tait, Dan Hipkiss and James Simpson-Daniel.

Clarke, born in Sheffield, has played a total of 165 games for the Saints and scored 32 tries.

Clarke started his pro career as part of the all conquering Bristol Academy under Paul Hull. He was a tall long-striding and elusive player, excelling at full back for England Under 21s in a Grand Slam season. He moved to Franklin's Gardens in 2003 when Bristol were relegated. as part of the Saints Academy and had an immediate impact at first team level.

He was named Young Player of the Year in 2003/04, normally operating at full back, before a switch to centre in 2005 saw his career hit new highs.

Clarke was also hugely significant for Saints during the 2009/10 season with his nine tries in all competitions the second highest tally in the squad, and his play alongside James Downey earned him a call from the England Saxons for their Six Nations games against Ireland and Italy.

After passing a century of Saints appearances in a Heineken Cup match with Benetton Treviso, Clarke retained his place in the Saxons squad that went on to win the 2010 Churchill Cup in Denver, USA.

In 2012, Jon moved to Worcester Warriors where he enjoyed a memorable debut for Warriors as he scored a bonus-point try against London Irish in September 2012 and subsequently won the man-of-the-match award for his performance.

On 27 December 2013, Clarke was loaned out to Yorkshire Carnegie who compete in the RFU Championship for the remainder of the 2013–14 season. However, he soon signed a permanent deal to stay with the club.

References

External links
RFU Profile
Guinness Premiership profile
Northampton profile
https://web.archive.org/web/20120827035957/http://www.warriors.co.uk/warriors/matchcentre/players_warriors_first_team.php?player=4935&includeref=dynamic

1983 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Northampton Saints players
Rugby union centres
Rugby union players from Sheffield


James Downey (born 23 March 1981) is a former Irish rugby union player. He played as a centre. In May 2016, Downey announced his retirement from rugby.

Early life
Downey was educated at Belvedere College, where he won the Leinster Schools Junior Cup.

Leinster
Downey made his debut for his home province on 10 October 2003, against Cardiff Blues. He scored his first try for Leinster on 2 April 2004 against Glasgow Warriors. Downey left the province to join Connacht for the start of the 2004–05 season.

Connacht
Downey struggled to gain game time at Connacht due to injuries, managing only three games during the 2005–06 season, and was released from his contract.

Munster
In an effort to find more game time, Downey accepted a trial at the then Heineken Cup champions Munster. He made his debut against Cardiff Blues in the Celtic League on 1 September 2006. Downey played two more games for Munster, against Border Reivers and Glasgow Warriors, but left Munster when offered more game time with Italian club Rugby Calvisano.

Calvisano
The lure of Heineken Cup rugby led to Downey joining Italian Super 10 (now Top12) side Calvisano. The club were in Pool 3 of the 2006–07 Heineken Cup and, after releasing one of their centres, were looking for a new player. Then coach, Marc Delpoux, had been impressed by Downey when Connacht played Narbonne in October 2004, and brought him to Brescia.

Northampton
Downey signed for Saints in June 2007. He made his debut for the club against London Welsh in National Division 1 on 1 September 2007, and scored his first try against Bedford Blues on 22 September. He was part of the Saints team that secured promotion to the Guinness Premiership in 2008. In the 2008–09 season, Downey helped Saints secure European silverware when they beat CS Bourgoin-Jallieu to secure the 2008–09 European Challenge Cup.

Return to Munster
Downey rejoined Munster on a two-year deal from the 2012–13 season. He arrived in Cork to join up with the Munster squad in May 2012, after playing his last game for Northampton.

Downey played his first game of his return to Munster on 1 September 2012, starting at Inside Centre in their opening league fixture against Edinburgh. He scored his first try for Munster in their league fixture against Ospreys on 23 February 2014.

Glasgow
On 27 June 2014, it was announced that Downey had signed a two-year contract with Glasgow Warriors.

Loan to Wasps
On 10 February 2015, it was announced that Downey had joined Aviva Premiership side Wasps on loan for the remainder on the 2014–15 season.

Ireland
Downey's form for Northampton saw him earn a place in the Ireland A team for the 2009 Churchill Cup. He came off the bench in the opening fixture on 10 June 2009 against Canada, before starting against Georgia on 14 June. Downey had to settle for an appearance off the bench again as Ireland A beat England Saxons 22–49 to win the 2009 Churchill Cup Final. On 2 June 2013, Downey was added to the senior Ireland squad to tour North America. He made his senior debut for Ireland on 15 June 2013, starting against Canada.

Honours
Northampton Saints
European Challenge Cup (1): 2008–09

Ireland Wolfhounds
Churchill Cup (1): 2009

References

External links
Glasgow Warriors Profile
Leinster Profile
Munster Profile
Northampton Saints Profile
Ireland Profile
Wolfhounds Profile
ERC Profile

1981 births
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Rugby union players from Dublin (city)
Irish rugby union players
Leinster Rugby players
Connacht Rugby players
Munster Rugby players
Ireland international rugby union players
Northampton Saints players
Glasgow Warriors players
Wasps RFC players
Rugby union centres
People educated at Belvedere College
Irish expatriate rugby union players
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Irish expatriate sportspeople in England
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Expatriate rugby union players in Italy
Expatriate rugby union players in Scotland


Remon Stotijn (born 27 December 1975), known professionally as Postman or The Anonymous Mis, is a Dutch rapper and record producer, who is a member of the band Postmen.

Biography
Remon Stotijn was born on December 27, 1975, in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. His father was Surinamese, his mother was Dutch and came from Rotterdam, the city he grew up in.

At the age of 16 he was part of the Rotterdam hiphop band Secret Recipe.

In 1993 Stotijn and G-Boah (aka Gus Bear) formed the band Postmen. Stotijn is the author of all Postmen songs.

In 2004 he married the rock singer Anouk. He has written 2 songs for her album Hotel New York. In 2005 he moved to the U.S. with his wife and their children (they eventually have three). Stotijn and Anouk  subsequently divorced in May 2008.

January 2012 Stotijn signed a deal with management company De Water Music & Media.

August 2012 Stotijn wrote and produced several tracks for the Doe Maar album Versies; it featured collaborations with rap-artists and a new version of Postmen's twelve year-old cover of the 1982 chart-topper De Bom.

Producer
Remon Stotijn produced or co-produced songs for:
 the band Postmen: all songs
 the rapper E-Life: all albums
 the rapper Extince: the song Zoete inval (1999), co-produced by Iwan den Boestert
 the rapper Def Rhymz
 the album De goeiste (2000)
 the album De allergoeiste (2001)
 the band Doe Maar: the album Trillend op mijn benen(2000), co-produced by Frans Hendriks and Nico Brandsen
 the rapper U-Niq: the album Married to Music (2000)
 the female singer Karima: the song Grief (2001)
 the rapper Raymzter: the album Rayalistisch (2003)
 the female singer Berget Lewis: the album Finally (2007), co-produced by Antoon Tolsma (Dutchflower), Stephan Geusebroek, Tjeerd Oosterhuis and Tjeerd van Zanen

References

1975 births
Living people
Dutch rappers
Dutch record producers
Dutch people of Surinamese descent
Musicians from Rotterdam


Neil Starling (born  in Kingston upon Thames, England) is a rugby union player currently playing for London Welsh. His previous clubs include Northampton Saints and Rotherham Titans in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a centre.

References

External links
London Welsh profile
Northampton Saints profile

1982 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Northampton Saints players
Rotherham Titans players
Rugby union players from Kingston upon Thames


Joe Gray (born 5 August 1988) is a rugby union coach for London Scottish in the RFU Championship and a retired player. He played for Harlequins in Premiership Rugby across two spells. He is the only player in history to have won every trophy available to players in the top two tiers of English rugby, including both European trophies. He played as a hooker, and previously played for Northampton Saints and Saracens.

Career
Gray started his Rugby career at Nottingham, he was part of the Nottinghamshire County Schools Rugby Club and also played with Notts, Lincs & Derby County side. Gray took part in a tour of Australia with Three Counties at the age of 15. He played for England under16's A and played for the England under 18's the following year while he was still only 16.

Gray won the Churchill Cup with the England Saxons after starting the Challenge Cup final for Harlequins that they won in 2011.

He started for Harlequins in their 2011–12 Premiership final victory over Leicester Tigers. Following his 80 minutes in the final he toured with England that summer to South Africa and played in the two midweek uncapped games against the Barbarians.

On 27 January 2019, Gray faced his old club Harlequins in a Premiership Rugby Cup match, against Saracens. An away win for Saracens, in which Gray came on in the second half as hooker. He was a replacement as Saracens won the 2019 European Rugby Champions Cup Final. He returned to Harlequins on loan in January 2020 before signing full time with the club.

Gray won his second Premiership title, this time as a replacement, as Harlequins won the game 40–38 in the highest scoring Premiership final ever on 26 June 2021.

Gray got his first taste of club coaching with KCS Old Boys RFC in the 2015–16 season before going on to become the Director of Rugby at Barnes RFC.

Following his retirement from playing at the end of the 2021–22 season. He became head coach at London Scottish.

International career
Gray was called up again to the England training squad by coach Stuart Lancaster in May 2014 and flew out with the squad for the Barbarians' fixtures. He made his England debut during the tour, coming off the bench in the 20–15 loss to New Zealand.

References

External links
Harlequins profile

1988 births
Living people
England international rugby union players
English rugby union players
Harlequin F.C. players
Northampton Saints players
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union players from Nottingham
Saracens F.C. players


Phil Hoy (born  in Luton, England), is a rugby union player currently without a club after playing for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership. He plays as a lock. He was released by Northampton Saints at the end of the 2008-09 season.

References

External links
Northampton Saints profile

1987 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Northampton Saints players
Rugby union players from Luton


Rob Milligan (born 17 April 1990 in Northampton, Northamptonshire, England) is a former a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership. He played as a number 8. Like many Northampton Saints players, he began his career at Northampton Old Scouts RFC, like his former team-mate Courtney Lawes.

He attended Rugby School as a day pupil in Town House, was head of school and captained their first XV.

Milligan made his only Saints appearance in an EDF Energy Cup match against Bristol Rugby.

Milligan retired from rugby after the 2008-09 season due to medical advice. He has decided to pursue a career in rowing.

References

Northampton Old Scouts RFC

External links
Northampton Saints profile
England profile

1990 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Northampton Saints players
People educated at Wellingborough School
People educated at Rugby School
Rugby union players from Northampton
Rugby union number eights


Jon Vickers (born 23 December 1988 in Bristol, England) is a rugby union player. He moved to Exeter Chiefs from fellow Premiership side Northampton Saints. He plays as a hooker but can also play both sides at prop.

Vickers moved from Exeter Chiefs to Plymouth Albion for the 2012-13 season. It was announced at the end of the 2012-13 season that Vickers would leave Plymouth for Championship rivals Nottingham.

References

External links
Northampton Saints profile

1988 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Exeter Chiefs players
Northampton Saints players
Plymouth Albion R.F.C. players
Rugby union players from Bristol
Rugby union props


A1 Film Company is a Burmese-owned cinema company.

The company was awarded to the Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards.

It produced the 1940 film Chit Yay Sin and 1935 Japan Yin Thwe.

Key actors
 Tin Maung (1913–2000), a two-time Burmese Academy Award winning film actor, director and producer related to the film company.
 May Shin (1917–2008), a Burmese actress and singer.

References

Cinema of Myanmar