The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years. The mission of the GVP is to document, understand, and disseminate information about global volcanic activity.

Global Volcanism Program Database
The GVP gathers information and reports on current eruptions from around the world, and maintains a database repository on active volcanoes, their eruptions and their eruption histories. In this way, a global context for the planet's active volcanism is presented. Smithsonian reporting on current volcanic activity dates back to 1968, with the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena (CSLP). The GVP is housed in the Department of Mineral Sciences, part of the National Museum of Natural History, on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

During the early stages of an eruption, the GVP acts as a clearing house of reports, data, and imagery which are accumulated from a global network of contributors. The early flow of information is managed such that the right people are contacted as well as helping to sort out vague and contradictory aspects that typically arise during the early days of an eruption.

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the United States Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Notices of volcanic activity posted on the report website are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. Detailed reports on various volcanoes are published monthly in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network

The GVP also documents the last 10,000 years of Earth's volcanism. The GVP database includes all known volcanoes that have erupted within the past 10,000 years, and includes listings of eruption dates, and eruptive phenomena; and lists of named volcanoes and volcanic features, with synonyms where they exist. In recent years, the database has been extended to include links to digital imagery, and physical samples that are archived in the Smithsonian Institution Collections.  The historic activity can guide perspectives on possible future events and on volcanoes showing activity. GVP's volcano and eruption databases constitute a foundation for all statistical statements concerning locations, frequencies, and magnitudes of Earth's volcanic eruptions during the past recent 10,000 years.

Three print editions of Volcanoes of the World were published based on the GVP data in 1981, 1994 and 2010.

See also

Prediction of volcanic activity
Timeline of volcanism on Earth
Volcanic explosivity index
Volcano Number

References

External links
Global Volcanism Program
Global Volcanism Program Facebook page

Volcanology
Smithsonian Institution research programs


The Swedish Standard Industrial Classification, commonly referred to as SNI, is a Swedish industry standard economic classification system, consisting of a hierarchy of codes that are up to 6-digits long.

The SNI standard is modeled on the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, commonly referred to as NACE. The most recent version of the SNI standard is SNI 2007, which corresponds to NACE Revision 2. The SNI standard is maintained by Statistics Sweden (also known as SCB), a Swedish government office.

References

External links
 List of SNI 2002 codes (PDF)

Industry classifications
Economy of Sweden


The Musafir Khana Palace also known as the Musafirkana Palace was built in Cairo, Egypt between 1779 and 1788 by Mahmud Muharram; a wealthy merchant.  Muhammad Ali Pasha bought the palace in early 19th century to use as a royal guesthouse.  It was the birthplace of his grandson Khedive Ismai'l 1830-1895. In 1998, it burned to the ground.  It was an excellent example of the Ottoman Style.

See also
 List of palaces in Egypt

References
 archnet.org Musafirkhana Palace
 google books Islamic Monuments in Cairo - Parker, Sabin, and Williams
 Mit.edu Pictures of Palace

Palaces in Cairo
History of Cairo
Muhammad Ali dynasty


Turkey Hill may refer to:

 Turkey Hill (Linthicum Heights, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Anne Arundel County, Maryland
 Turkey Hill (Pennsylvania), a hill in Columbia County
 Turkey Hill (company), an American food company specializing in dairy products
 Turkey Hill Minit Markets, an American chain of convenience stores owned by EG Group
 Turkey Hill Sugarbush, a Canadian maple syrup producer


The South Florida Council is a 501(c)(3) organization chartered by the Boy Scouts of America to serve Broward, Miami-Dade, and Monroe Counties in South Florida. As of 2022, the South Florida Council had a membership of more than 20,000 youth and adults in traditional and in-school and after-school programs. The South Florida Council is Platinum rated charity by Guidestar and a Four out of Four-star rated charity by Charity Navigator.

History
In 1911, the Miami Council was formed. It merged with the Dade County Council (#084) in 1921. In 1927, the Broward County Council was formed. It merged with the Dade County Council in 1933 and the Council's current geographical boundaries had been formed, consisting of Broward, Dade, and Monroe Counties. In 1945, the Dade County Council changed its name to the South Florida Council (#084).

A year after Scouting began in Miami, the tradition of an annual recognition banquet began. In May, 1912, newspaper accounts reported that Scouts were called upon at the banquet to recount the "good turns" they had performed. Their deeds ranged from the prosaic, such as picking up debris from roads and running errands, to the bygone ("holding someone's horse") and the dramatic (rescuing a person who fell into a river). Also in 1912, the auditorium of a former school building in Miami was converted into a gymnasium for Boy Scouts to use.

As 1913 drew to a close, a highlight for Miami Scouts was a visit to Villa Serena, the winter home of then-U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan. Introduced as "one of America's greatest Scouts and citizens", Bryan spoke to the youths from his front porch as they stood at attention and rendered the Scout Salute.

As early as the 1920s, there were more than 300 Scouts in Key West, the southernmost point of the United States. In 1938, a gala council-wide gathering was held in Key West, headlined on page one of the Key West Citizen as an "impressive Scout campfire rally". Key West mayor William Albury addressed the assemblage, preceded by a parade.

A highlight for the South Florida Council in later years was the youth encampment held on Lammas Island in 1976 as part of the United States Bicentennial celebration that year. A joint effort with the City of Miami and the U.S. Coast Guard 7th District, it was called the 1976 Bicentennial Project for the Youth of Miami. Upon completion of a permanent dock on the island, it was dubbed "Miami Scouting World" and marked with a bronze plaque.

Hurricanes have been a significant part of the Council's history. In the aftermath of the catastrophic 1935 Labor Day hurricane which devastated the Florida Keys and killed hundreds, Boy Scouts from the Dade County Council, as it was then known, were part of the clean-up efforts and participated in the ceremonies dedicating the Islamorada Memorial in November, 1937.

When Hurricane Andrew struck the Homestead area in 1992, the Council organized Scout troops outside the ravaged area to help distribute emergency food and clothing. The Council's own archived records were lost in 2005 when Hurricane Wilma tore the roof off of a storage building and inundated the vicinity with flood waters. Severe damage was also sustained by Camp Seminole, the Council's principal reservation, resulting in its closure for seven years until it was eventually rebuilt and re-opened in 2012 as Camp Elmore (below). More recently, Hurricane Irma in 2017 damaged the Council's camp on Scout Key.

Organization

Until March 2023, the council's headquarters were located in Miami Lakes and  named after a former council president, Thomas L. Tatham. He was a prominent attorney and land developer in Florida who was active in Scouting, both as a youth and Council leader. In 1995, Tatham donated $2.5 million to the Council. As of 2017, almost 90% of the non-profit's revenues were allocated to its programs and Charity Navigator gave it a 100 percent rating that year for "accountability and transparency". In March 2023, the headquarters moved to Davie, Florida at the council's Camp Elmore property.

The council is divided into five districts:

 Sawgrass District serves Northern Broward County (North of I-595).
 Panther District serves Southern Broward County (South of I-595).
 Phoenix District serves Northern Miami-Dade County (North of SW 24th Street / Coral Way)
 Everglades District serves Southern Miami-Dade County (South of SW 24th Street / Coral Way)
 Buccaneer District serves Monroe County.

Programs

The South Florida Council provides over 100,000 hours of community service through service projects, with the majority of hours coming from Eagle Scout Leadership Service Projects. Other activities for the public include Memorial Day ceremonies and a parade, organized in conjunction with the City of Davie at the Bergeron Rodeo Grounds.

Camps
The South Florida Council owns and operates three camps serving thousands of youth annually:

Camp Elmore
Located in Davie, Florida, the Council received the  land parcel as a gift from the Board of County Commissioners of Broward County in 1958 and developed it as Camp Seminole. It was devastated by Hurricane Wilma on October 24, 2005, which caused extensive damage to 80% of the buildings and infrastructure. In the wake of the tropical cyclone's destruction, the camp was closed for the next seven years.

A master plan was formulated for extensive re-development, resulting in multiple new shelters, elevated campsites, and a lake with swimming and boating, along with upgrades to utilities and other recreational facilities. By the time the camp re-opened in 2012, the reconstruction cost $10 million, much of which was underwritten by various philanthropists and corporate donors. Road paving contractor Robert Elmore donated $1 million towards the rebuilding and the camp was renamed in his honor. A similar donation for clearing and in-kind engineering work was provided by Downrite Engineering, which also rebuilt the camp's lake to a depth of , making the water body "now swimmable, which it wasn't before", the Council Executive said to a reporter. In recognition of the Miami-based engineering firm's contributions, the Council now titles the facility "Camp Elmore at Downrite Engineering Scout Reservation". Other area corporate contributions towards the re-building of the Council's principal camp included the Huizenga Family Foundation's funding of the chapel and Publix Supermarkets' donation for construction of the amphitheater.

Ten campsites are available at the property. Nine are named for the Council's Order of the Arrow O-Shot-Caw Lodge chapters: Elgixin, Gokhos, Paldani, Pooca Tooka, O-Shot-Co-Chee, Tomoka, Hnu-Ra-Con, To Hopki Lagi, and Nok Su. One of the campsites within Camp Elmore is named Camp Seminole, in remembrance of the past, when many South Florida Scouts and Scouters spent their time at Camp Seminole.

Camp Everglades
Camp Everglades is primarily pine rockland forest with eight primitive campsites, a main campfire arena, a main covered shelter, and pitcher pump wells.

The  campground is located within the Everglades National Park. The pine forest is fire dependent, and the flora and fauna have adapted to the frequent fires ignited by summer lightning storms.

Camp Sawyer

A  site located on Scout Key in the lower Florida Keys, with the Atlantic Ocean on the east shore and the Gulf of Mexico directly to the west, Camp Sawyer shares the island with Camp Wesumkee of the Girl Scouts. The Camp is now part of the larger Edward B. Knight Scout Reservation, named for a philanthropist and Rotarian by that name.

Activities include: swimming, snorkeling, fishing and boating. There are four tropical campsites right on the Atlantic Ocean.

The camp was heavily damaged in September, 2017, by the 140-mph winds and storm surge from Hurricane Irma.

Former camps
The South Florida Council also formerly owned and operated the old McGregor Smith Scout Reservation in Inverness, Florida. The  vast  tract on the Withlacoochee River was purchased for $1 million in 1969 with the intention that it would be utilized as a Scout camp by Councils throughout Florida. The envisaged statewide usage never developed, however, and its almost  distance from Miami discouraged large numbers of troops from attending. Facing deficits and minimal attendance, the Council sold the property to the Southwest Florida Water Management District in 2005 for $13.5 million. In 2017, former Scout camp structures on the property, such as cabins, were auctioned off with future use of the land planned as a nature preserve and recreational area.

Order of the Arrow

O-Shot-Caw Lodge #265 is the South Florida Council's Order of the Arrow lodge, one of eight in Section S-4 covering the state of Florida (except the Panhandle).

On June 20, 1944, the Council's first Order of the Arrow Lodge was started as Ala-paw-tah 265 but was subsequently discontinued on September 8, 1949. On June 28, 1955, the council's current Order of the Arrow lodge, O-Shot-Caw 265, was chartered, using the great white heron as its "totem". Within a year, the lodge had grown to more than 125 members. In the years since, the lodge has hosted numerous statewide conferences and seminars for Section S-4 at Camp Seminole (now Camp Elmore).

The lodge is organized into nine Chapters, corresponding to the Council's Districts:

 Sawgrass District - Elgixin Chapter
 Panther District - Kuwa Chobee Chapter
 Phoenix District - Totika Fuswa Chapter
 Everglades District - Pah-Ha-Yo-Kee Chapter
 Buccaneer District - Nok Su Chapter

See also
Scouting in Florida
Gulf Stream Council (North)
Southwest Florida Council (Northwest)

References

External links

Local councils of the Boy Scouts of America
Southern Region (Boy Scouts of America)
Youth organizations based in Florida
1911 establishments in Florida


The Florida Greyhound Lines (called also FGL), a highway-coach carrier, was a Greyhound regional operating company, based in Jacksonville, Florida, USA, from 1946 until 1957, when it was merged into the Southeastern Greyhound Lines, a neighboring operating company.

Origin
The immediate predecessor of the Florida Greyhound Lines (GL) was the Florida Motor Lines (called also FML), which began in January 1926 – when the firm of Stone and Webster, a multistate public-utility management-service company, established a headquarters in Orlando for the FML and consolidated several properties which it had bought and operated in the Sunshine State.  The FML then owned 150 coaches and ran them along 1,290 route miles.

The largest and strongest of those subsidiaries was the Florida Motor Transportation (FMT) Company, based in Miami, which had begun in 1919 – as a result of a merger between two other firms, each likewise based in Miami, and each of which had started in 1914 – the Clyde Passenger Express, running  southward to Homestead, and the White Star Auto Line, running  northward to West Palm Beach.  The FMT Company extended northward along the East Coast to Jacksonville in 1921.

The second largest firm was the White Stage Line Company, which had begun in 1918 as the White Bus Line, running between Tampa and Saint Petersburg – eventually, starting in 1924, along US highway 92 (US-92) on the new Gandy Bridge across Tampa Bay, which shortened the distance from  to 19 (30 km) – and which extended to Orlando in 1924 and to West Palm Beach in 1925.

In 1927 the Florida Motor Lines (FML) also began to provide tour and sightseeing services in Miami, Miami Beach, Jacksonville, Saint Augustine, and Daytona Beach.

In 1933 the FML moved its head office from Orlando to Jacksonville.

The FML made connections to the north (in Jacksonville) with the Atlantic GL and to the north and northwest (in Jacksonville, Lake City, and Tallahassee) with the Consolidated Coach Corporation (which in 1936 became renamed as the Southeastern Greyhound Lines) and the Union Bus Company (which in 1941 was bought by and merged into the Southeastern GL).

The FML continued to grow and expand within the Sunshine State, mostly by acquiring other pre-existing firms.

However, in one notable instance (among others), the FML obtained a certificate (of public necessity and convenience) for a new route extending from Homestead (near the tip of the mainland on US Route 1, the Dixie Highway) and continuing to Key West on US-1 along the Overseas Highway.  The FML began operating that route in 1936, while the road was still under construction, at first relying in part on two ferry-boat rides which spanned two gaps among the islands until 1938, when the last bridge became complete and open for traffic.

Purchase by The Greyhound Corporation
On the first day of 1946 The Greyhound Corporation bought the Florida Motor Lines (FML), then in the next month Greyhound renamed it as the Florida Greyhound Lines (FGL).

The FGL was first a wholly owned subsidiary of the parent Greyhound firm, then on the last day of 1949 it became a division of The Greyhound Corporation (with an uppercase T, because the word "the" was an integral part of the legal name of the corporate entity).

When Greyhound took over the FML (in 1946), FML ran along 2,750 route miles throughout the Sunshine State – from Jacksonville, Lake City, and Tallahassee – through Orlando, Tampa, and Saint Petersburg – to Miami and Key West – especially along US-1 on the East Coast between Jacksonville and Miami via Saint Augustine, Daytona Beach, Titusville, Melbourne, Vero Beach, Fort Pierce, Stuart, West Palm Beach, and Fort Lauderdale – including local suburban commuter service from Miami to Fort Lauderdale and to Homestead – throughout Florida along all the major routes – except one (in the southwest part of the peninsula), which was the exclusive territory of the Tamiami Trail Tours (a member of the Trailways trade association, then named as the National Trailways Bus System, and thus called also the Tamiami Trailways) –  along US-41, the Tamiami Trail, from Tampa via Fort Myers and Naples to Fort Lauderdale and to Miami.

By 1957 the Florida GL took part in major interlined through-routes (using pooled equipment in cooperation with other Greyhound companies) – that is, the use of through-coaches on through-routes running through the territories of two or more Greyhound regional operating companies – connecting Miami and Saint Petersburg with Los Angeles, Houston, New Orleans, Saint Louis, Chicago, Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, Birmingham, Atlanta, Detroit, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Toronto, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Boston, New York City, and Washington.

Merger into Southeastern GL
In October 1957 The Greyhound Corporation merged the Florida GL into the Southeastern GL (called also Southeastern, SEG, SEGL, or the SEG Lines), a neighboring operating company, based in Lexington, Kentucky.

Thus ended the Florida GL.

Beyond Florida GL
After that merger the newly expanded SEG Lines served 12 states – from Cincinnati, Saint Louis, Memphis, and Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and Lake Charles (all three in Louisiana) – to Savannah (in Georgia) and Jacksonville and to Miami and Key West – from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Ohio River to and into the Gulf of Mexico.

In November 1960 The Greyhound Corporation further merged the Atlantic GL (called also Atlantic or AGL), based in Charleston, West Virginia, yet another neighboring regional company, with – not into but rather with – the Southeastern GL – thereby creating the Southern Division of The Greyhound Corporation (called also the Southern GL), the third of four huge new divisions (along with Central, Eastern, and Western).

Thus ended the Southeastern GL and the Atlantic GL, and thus began the Southern GL.

Later (about 1966) The Greyhound Corporation reorganized again, into just two humongous divisions, named as the Greyhound Lines East (GLE) and the Greyhound Lines West (GLW); even later (about -70) it eliminated those two divisions, thereby leaving a single gargantuan undivided nationwide fleet.

When the Southern GL came into existence, the headquarters functions became gradually transferred from Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, West Virginia, to Atlanta, Georgia; when GLE arose, many of those administrative functions became shifted from Atlanta to Cleveland, Ohio; eventually those functions migrated to Chicago, Illinois, then to Phoenix, Arizona, when (in 1971) The Greyhound Corporation moved its corporate headquarters from Chicago to a new building in Phoenix.

In 1987 The Greyhound Corporation (the original Greyhound umbrella firm), which had become widely diversified far beyond transportation, sold its entire highway-coach operating business (its core bus business), to a new company, named as the Greyhound Lines, Inc., called also GLI, based in Dallas, Texas – a separate, independent, unrelated firm, which was the property of a group of private investors under the promotion of Fred Currey, a former executive of the Continental Trailways (later renamed as the Trailways, Inc., called also TWI, also based in Dallas), which was by far the largest member company in the National Trailways trade association.

Later in 1987 the Greyhound Lines, Inc., the GLI, the new firm based in Dallas, further bought the Trailways, Inc., the TWI, its largest competitor, and merged it into the GLI.

The lenders and the other investors of the GLI ousted Fred Currey (as the chief executive officer) after the firm went into bankruptcy in 1990.

The GLI has continued to experience difficulties and lackluster performance under a succession of new owners and new executives – while continuing to reduce its level of service – by hauling fewer passengers aboard fewer coaches on fewer trips along fewer routes with fewer stops in fewer communities in fewer states – and by doing so on fewer days – that is, increasingly operating some trips less often than every day (fewer than seven days per week) – and by using fewer through-coaches, thereby requiring passengers to make more transfers (from one coach to another).

After the sale to the GLI, The Greyhound Corporation changed its name to the Greyhound-Dial Corporation, then the Dial Corporation, then the Viad Corporation.  [The contrived name Viad appears to be a curious respelling of the former name Dial – if one scrambles the letters D, I, and A, then turns the V upside down and regards it as the Greek letter lambda – Λ – that is, the Greek equivalent of the Roman or Latin letter L.]

The website of the Viad Corporation (http://www.viad.com) in September 2008 makes no mention of its corporate history or its past relationship to Greyhound (that is, its origin as The Greyhound Corporation).

See also
The Greyhound Corporation
Atlantic Greyhound Lines
Capitol Greyhound Lines
Dixie Greyhound Lines
Great Lakes Greyhound Lines
Southeastern Greyhound Lines
Teche Greyhound Lines
Tennessee Coach Company

References
Hixson, Kenneth (2001).  Pick of the Litter.  Lexington: Centerville Book Company.  .
Jackson, Carlton (1984).  Hounds of the Road.  Dubuque: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company.  .
Meier, Albert, and John Hoschek (1975).  Over the Road.  Upper Montclair, NJ (US): Motor Bus Society.  No ISBN.
Schisgall, Oscar (1985).  The Greyhound Story.  Chicago: J.G. Ferguson Publishing Company.  .
Motor Coach Age (a publication of the Motor Bus Society), various issues, especially these:
April–June 1995;
October–December 1997;
October–December 1998.
Backfire, the corporate newspaper for the Southeastern Greyhound Lines, all issues, from January 1938 through February 1956.
Jon's Trailways History Corner, a web-based Trailways history by Jan Hobijn (also known as Jon Hobein) at http://cw42.tripod.com/Jon.html.
Web-based schedules and historical data at https://web.archive.org/web/20060312191347/http://www.greyhound.com/.

External links
 "Florida Greyhound Lines" (at Bluehounds and Redhounds)
 Bluehounds and Redhounds, the history of Greyhound and Trailways
 "Northland Greyhound Lines" (at Bluehounds and Redhounds), including the early history of The Greyhound Corporation
 "Greyhound Lines after WW2" (at Bluehounds and Redhounds)
 "The Scenicruiser" at Bluehounds and Redhounds

Defunct transportation companies of the United States
Intercity bus companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Florida
Greyhound Lines
1946 establishments in Florida
1957 disestablishments in Florida
Transportation companies based in Florida
Companies based in Jacksonville, Florida


DLX may refer to:
 DLX, a RISC processor architecture
 Dancing Links, a computer algorithm
 Warehouse Management System of JDA Software
 Dlx (gene)
 David Letterman Bypass, the proposed name of Interstate 465 in Indianapolis
 560 in Roman numerals


The three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner Hungary qualified for the eighth FIFA World Cup held in England.

Matches

Hungary qualified. This is the first time Austria failed to qualify. The previous absences of the Austrian team at World Cup were all due to withdrawals (1938, 1950, and 1962).

Final Table

Team stats

Head coach:  Lajos Baróti

Head coach:  Károly Soós

Head coach:  Eduard Frühwirth

External links
FIFA official page
RSSSF - 1966 World Cup Qualification
Allworldcup

6
1964–65 in Hungarian football
1965–66 in Hungarian football
1964–65 in Austrian football
1965–66 in Austrian football
1964–65 in German football
1965–66 in German football
1964–65 in East German football
1965–66 in East German football


The Long Christmas Dinner (German: Das lange Weihnachtsmahl) is an opera in one act by Paul Hindemith, with an English libretto by Thornton Wilder based on his 1931 play of the same name.

Wilder collaborated with the composer in order to make the text work effectively with the music. It is set for a chamber orchestra and a harpsichord.

Performance history
The opera was first staged in Hindemith's own German translation and conducted by him at the Nationaltheater Mannheim on 17 December 1961. It was then performed in the original English on 13 March 1963 at the Juilliard School of Music, New York City, also conducted by the composer.

A digital recording of the work on the WERGO label was performed in Hindemith's German translation. A commercial recording of the original English version was released by Bridge Records in 2015.

Roles

Synopsis

The opera depicts 90 years in the history of the mid-western Bayard family.

The opera opens with Lucia, wife of Roderick Bayard, setting the table for Christmas dinner. Having finished, she calls down her husband and his mother, who is joining them in their first Christmas dinner in their new house. Over dinner, Roderick's mother, referred to as Mother Bayard, recalls a time in her childhood when Indians lived where the house now rests; at the time, there was no city, only a church and surrounding forestry. She goes on to discuss the importance of remembering the names of one's ancestors.

The opera moves forward to another Christmas dinner between Roderick, Lucia, and Mother Bayard, this time joined by Roderick's cousin Brandon, who is back from his time spent in Alaska. As they eat, Brandon asks Mother Bayard how the two are related. As the years go on, Mother Bayard dies, leaving Lucia, Roderick, and Brandon. All three wonder aloud how long they've resided in the Bayard house, remarking on how quickly the time flies. Soon after Mother Bayard dies, Lucia's and Roderick's son Charles is born. Not long after the birth of their son, another baby arrives: Genevieve, their daughter.

Again, the action moves forward in time to a later Christmas dinner which a now ailing Roderick, with Lucia and Brandon, are now joined by a grown-up Charles and Genevieve. The men give a toast to the firm owned and run by the Bayard family, and the women join in on the merriment. Roderick dies shortly after this point in time, leaving behind a devastated Lucia. She, Brandon, Genevieve, and Charles reflect on past Christmas dinners. After a quick change in subject, Genevieve announces to her mother that Charles is engaged to be married, adding that she herself will never marry, so that she may always remain with her mother.

The scene shifts briefly to show the marriage of Charles and his wife, Leonora. The newlyweds join Lucia, Brandon, and Genevieve for Christmas dinner. Not long after Charles and Leonora marry, the couple birth a baby—however, the baby dies in infancy. Brandon dies, and is quickly followed by Lucia. The death of Lucia greatly devastates Genevieve, who is left wondering what to do with her life. On the tail end of Lucia's death is the birth of Leonora's fraternal twins: Sam and Lucia II Bayard. Not long afterward, Roderick Brandon Bayard II is also born.

Leonora and Charles write to the latter's cousin Ermengarde, asking her to stay with them. During dinner one Christmas, Ermengarde and Charles discuss their relations and reminisce about their ancestors. Sam, on holiday leave from the military, joins the family for Christmas dinner along with his twin sister, Lucia II. Sam tells his family to do what they normally do on Christmas Day, so that he may cherish the memory of his family's Christmas dinner. Soon after, he goes off to the Korean War and dies there.

Years later, Roderick II jovially joins the family, talking of his and Lucia II's fun time at the ball. Charles berates Roderick II for getting drunk and making a fool of himself, and reminds him that he will soon enter the family firm. Roderick II lashes out angrily, claiming that the town in which they live is so dull that drinking is the only way to endure it. He angrily storms out as he exclaims that he will move away to a “town where something happens,” despite his mother's pleading that he stay. Lucia leaves soon afterward to travel with her spouse, promising to bring children back with her.

Charles and Ermengarde both fall ill, and an atmosphere of sadness is draped over the household. Eventually, Genevieve snaps, fed up with her life of depression following her mother's death. She informs her family that she will go away to die alone, and leaves.

Charles writes his son a letter, forgiving him for tarnishing the family name and refusing to carry on with the firm. He promises to send him another message the following Christmas, but dies before he is able to do so.

Leonora's health declines as she is left with only a dying Ermengarde in the house. The two try to reflect on just how old the house has become: it is nearly ninety years old by this point. Leonora tells Ermengarde that she may have the house if she wants it, as there are no more children around to inherit it. Leonora leaves the room, and Ermengarde finds a letter sent to the house by Lucia II. Attached are pictures of her children—a boy named Roderick III and a girl named Lucia III—along with a letter, informing her that a new Bayard house has been built by Lucia II and Roderick II. Whilst reading the letter, Ermengarde dies.

See also
 List of Christmas operas

References

Further reading
Skelton, Geoffrey (1992), "Long Christmas Dinner, The" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London)

Operas by Paul Hindemith
English-language operas
Operas
1961 operas
One-act operas
Operas based on plays


The Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain is a Hong Kong television series adapted from Louis Cha's novels Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain and The Young Flying Fox. It was first broadcast on TVB in 1985.

Cast
 Note: Some of the characters' names are in Cantonese romanisation.

 Ray Lui as Wu Fei / Wu Yat-do
 Angie Chiu as Ma Chun-fa
 Margie Tsang as Miu Yuek-lan
 Rebecca Chan as Nam Lan
 Kenneth Tsang as Tin Kwai-nung
 Patrick Tse as Miu Yan-fung
 Wong Wan-choi as Fuk-hong-on / Chan Ka-lok
 Jaime Chik as Mrs Wu
 Lee Hoi-sang as Tong Pui
 Chow Sau-lan as Yuen Tsi-yee
 King Doi-yam as Ching Ling-so
 Long Tin-sung as Ping Ah-say
 Benz Hui as Yim Kai
 Chu Siu-bo as Tin Ching-man
 Shih Kien as Seung Kim-ming
 Law Lan as Old Mrs Seung
 Eddie Kwan as Seung Bo-tsen
 Yeung Chak-lam as Fung Tin-nam
 Cheung Ying-choi as Monk Mo-sun
 Felix Lok as Shek Meng-Tsen
 Bau Fong as To Hei-meng
 Nam Tin as Ma Heng-hoon
 Lau Kong as Lei Tsi-sing
 Chun Wong as Chiu Bun-shan
 Amy Hu as Lok Bing
 Bonnie Wong

External links

1985 Hong Kong television series debuts
1985 Hong Kong television series endings
TVB dramas
Works based on Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain
Television series set in the Qing dynasty
Hong Kong wuxia television series
1980s Hong Kong television series
Cantonese-language television shows
Television shows based on works by Jin Yong


Nanmangalam Reserve Forest is a protected forest located in  Chengalpattu district, about 24 km from the city centre. It is located at Medavakkam on Velachery High Road between Velachery and Tambaram. The reserve forest has an area of 320 hectares. However, the total area of the forest is 2,400 hectares.

The forest
The forest is popular among bird watchers and is home to about 85 species of birds. Red-wattled lapwing, Hoopoe, crested honey buzzard, grey partridge, coucal, Indian eagle-owl, white-breasted kingfisher, pied kingfisher, southern bush lark and red-whiskered bulbul are commonly seen in the area.

The 320-hectare Nanmangalam Reserved Forest, located about 10 km from Velachery, is a scrubland around an abandoned granite quarry and is home to some of the rare territorial orchids, according to a recent study.

The state forest department has entrusted the work of data collection in this small forest area to Care Earth, a bio-diversity research organisation. Located near Medavakkam, a rapidly developing residential locality, the forest needs immediate fencing to protect it from encroachment and to curtail any non-forestry activity there, the study says.

The neighbourhood of Nanmangalam is one of the 163 notified areas (megalithic sites) in the state of Tamil Nadu.

See also
 Birding in Chennai
 Vandalur Reserve Forest

References

Geography of Chennai
Protected areas of Tamil Nadu
Reserved forests of India
Protected areas with year of establishment missing


The 78th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in south-central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Jesse Topper since 2014.

District profile
The 78th District includes all of Bedford County, Pennsylvania and all of Fulton County, Pennsylvania.

Representatives

References

Government of Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Government of Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Government of Fulton County, Pennsylvania
78


Little Nemo is a French rock band formed in 1983 and originating from the region of Paris (Vallée de Chevreuse).

The name of the band was directly inspired by the comic Little Nemo in Slumberland. They and fellow coldwave bands Mary Goes Round and Asylum Party were part of the "Touching Pop" movement.

The band was originally composed of Olivier Champeau (vocals, keyboards) and Vincent Le Gallo (vocals, guitar, bass). Their first releases were two cassettes, La Cassette Froide (1986) and Past and Future (1987). Before the recording of their first EP, 1988's Private Life, the pair added Nicolas Dufaure, also known as "Bill" (bass, guitar, vocals).

On stage (and in the studio, starting in 1990), the group expanded to include Yves Charreire (drums), Ronan Le Sergent (keyboards, piano, organ), and Georges Remiet (guitar).

Little Nemo disbanded in 1992 but reformed in 2008 with a lineup of Le Gallo, Dufaure, Charreire, and Le Sergent, releasing the Out of the Blue comeback album on 21 September 2013.

Former member Champeau has released several techno-oriented albums under the alias "Doctorolive".

Discography

Albums
 La Cassette Froide split cassette with Rain Culture (1986, Karnage Grafik)
 Past and Future (1987, Artefact)
 Sounds in the Attic (1989, Lively Art)
 Turquoise Fields (1990, Lively Art/2019 (reissue), Deanwell Global Music)
 The World Is Flat (1992, Single KO)
 'Out of the Blue' (2013, LN Music)

Singles and EPs
 Private Life EP (1988, Artefact)
 "New Flood" 7" (1989, Lively Art)
 "Cadavres Exquis (Howard Song)" 12" EP (1990, Lively Art)
 "You Again" 12" single (1990, Lively Art)
 "City Lights (Long Way)" 12" single (1990, Lively Art)
 Bio-Logic EP (1991, Single KO)

Compilations
 Vol. 1 - 1987-89 (2009, Infrastition)
 Vol. 2 - 1987-89 (2009, Infrastition)

References

External links
 Official site
 Fan site in French and English
 Myspace page

French rock music groups
French new wave musical groups
French post-punk music groups
Cold wave groups
Musical groups from Île-de-France


ROAL Motorsport (previously known as Ravaglia Motorsport) is an Italian auto racing team, which operated the BMW Team Italy-Spain team in the World Touring Car Championship, and currently competes as BMW Team Italia in the Italian GT Championship. It was founded in 2001 by 1987 World Touring Car champion Roberto Ravaglia and Aldo Preo (Roberto + Aldo = ROAL).

History
Ravaglia Motorsport began competing in the Superproduction class of the European Super Touring Championship in 2001 as BMW Team Germany with Peter Kox and Norman Simon as drivers, with Kox winning the class.

In 2002, they competed in the European Touring Car Championship (ETCC) as BMW Team Spain with Jordi Gené and Fabrizio de Simone as drivers. In 2003, they became BMW Team Italy-Spain and had Antonio García and Fabrizio Giovanardi as drivers, with Alex Zanardi driving a third car at the season finale in Monza, using special controls following his serious accident in 2001 in which he lost both his legs. Zanardi replaced Giovanardi full-time in 2004.

In 2005, the ETCC became the World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) and Ravaglia Motorsport changed their name to ROAL Motorsport. Zanardi also won the Italian Superturismo Championship in 2005 for the team, and finished third in the first edition of the European Touring Car Cup.

Garcia left the team at the end of 2005 to pursue a career in sports car racing, and was replaced by fellow Spaniard Marcel Costa. Costa was disappointing though and was replaced by Duncan Huisman during the season. The team gave GP2 Series racer Félix Porteiro a drive in the ETC Cup and he impressed enough to get a drive in the WTCC for 2007.

In 2008, ROAL Motorsport began development of a competition M3 E90 for the Superstars Series, with Luca Rangoni as driver. For 2009, Porteiro was replaced by 2008 Independent's champion Sergio Hernández in the team, while in the Superstars Series, Rangoni was replaced by reigning Champion Gianni Morbidelli.

After leaving the WTCC in 2010, ROAL returned to WTCC in 2011 with Dutch driver Tom Coronel who last drove for BMW in the European Touring Car Championship, until 2017 season, which WTCC folded and merged into 2018 World Touring Car Cup

Since 2015, ROAL Motorsport has regularly competed in the Italian GT Championship, initially with the BMW Z4 GT3 until switching to the BMW M6 GT3 in 2016. 2016 also saw ROAL compete under the BMW Team Italia name.

In 2019, the running of the team was taken over by Ceccato Motorsport.

References

External links

Auto racing teams in Italy
Auto racing teams established in 2001
2001 establishments in Italy
World Touring Car Championship teams
Blancpain Endurance Series teams
Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters teams
BMW in motorsport


Rüdəkənar or Rudəkənar may refer to:
Rüdəkənar, Astara, Azerbaijan
Rüdəkənar, Masally, Azerbaijan


, sometimes credited as Poo, is a Japanese video game designer, director and producer formerly employed by Capcom. In 2004, he left Capcom to help found Crafts & Meister.

Career
Funamizu was employed by Capcom in 1985. Prior to that, he wrote for Beep as a part-time contributor until he was invited into the company by senior staff. When he joined Capcom, he befriended fellow Capcom designer Yoshiki Okamoto while playing a game of catchball. During the late 1980s and up until the mid-1990s, Funamizu designed and co-designed several of the company's arcade games, including games in the Street Fighter series (particularly Super Street Fighter II and the Street Fighter Alpha series).

Funamizu was later promoted to General Manager of Capcom's Production Studio 1 which produced several of the company's arcade and consumer titles. He, along with producer Katsuhiro Sudo left Capcom in April 2004 to form Crafts & Meister.

Works

References

External links
 Craft & Meister

1965 births
Capcom people
Japanese video game designers
Living people
Japanese video game directors
Japanese video game producers


Massivivid was a Christian band founded by Wally Shaw and Mark Nash. Their sound was based in industrial rock and electronic pop, but with a hard edge and intensity similar to that of Nine Inch Nails or The Smashing Pumpkins. Massivivid was founded as a live side project to Deitiphobia. They released BrightBlur to critical acclaim, garnering a Dove Award.

Background
The band was born in 1996 as a project of Michael Knott's record label Ear Candy. They produced an EP that year and held their first show at the 1997 Cornerstone Festival.

After producing a demo for the label they were picked up by Tattoo Records and produced their first album, BrightBlur. The name of the album refers to a line in C. S. Lewis's Letters to Malcolm where Lewis describes God as a "bright blur becoming brighter and blurier". Several other Lewis references appear on the album: to The Space Trilogy in "Deep Heaven", and quotes from Mere Christianity in "Unmade". Lyrically BrightBlur is centered on the struggles faced by humanity, specifically the contrasts that technology introduces to society. The album propelled Massivivid to take the 1998 Dove Award for "Hard Music Album."

The band toured heavily throughout 1999. The follow-up record, Dressed To The Nines...Armed To The Teeth, was released in 2002 on Accidental Sirens, an indie label partially owned by Allan Aguirre of Scaterd Few. A review in HM Magazine was heavily critical of the album, stating that its "fuzz-tone guitar based electro industrial" sound had at best the quality of a demo.

One of the songs on BrightBlur, Gripped, would appear as one of the songs in the OST for the video game, SCORE International Baja 1000.

Discography
1999: BrightBlur (Tattoo Records, Reviews: Cross Rhythms, 7ball, YouthWorker)
2002: Dressed To The Nines... Armed To The Teeth (Accidental Sirens, Review: HM Magazine)

Members
Sheri Shaw
Wally Shaw
Mark Nash
John Hogan
Wil Foster
Tom Wilson
Bob Carlton
Jesse Davis
Jason Scott
Keith Konečnik

References

External links
Massivivid featuring members of Deitiphobia
Deitiphobia/Massivivid discography

American Christian musical groups
Musical groups established in 1996


Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty CSI (Telugu: గాజుల లక్ష్మీనరసు శెట్టి; 1806–1868) was an Indian merchant and political activist who founded the Madras Native Association, one of the earliest Indian political associations, and the first Indian-owned newspaper in Madras, The Crescent. He was also the second Indian to be appointed a member of the Madras Legislative Council, succeeding V. Sadagopacharlu on his death. Lakshminarasu Chetty was born in 1806 to a wealthy indigo merchant Sidhulu Chetty in Madras. On completion of his initial education, Chetty entered the family trade and succeeded as a businessman. He entered politics and devoted money for social and philanthropic causes.

Early life
Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty was born in 1806 in Periamet, Madras in a Telugu-speaking Balija family. His father, Sidhulu Chetty (సిద్ధులు శెట్టి), owned a large indigo, dye, and cloth business, and was the first Indian member of the Madras Chamber of Commerce. Due to the poor schooling facilities available in India at the time, Chetty had little formal education. However, even as a boy, Chetty was interested in politics and took part in Debating Societies.

Business

On completion of his education, Chetty worked as an apprentice under his father, whose business was soon afterwards renamed Sidhulu Chetty and Co. The firm mainly dealt in handkerchiefs and soon grew into a thriving corporation. After Sidhulu Chetty's death, Lakshminarasu Chetty inherited the firm and expanded its network.

When the American Civil War broke out, cotton trade was temporarily suspended between the United States of America and other countries. Chetty took advantage of the situation and made huge profits by speculating on the price of cotton.

Anti-proselytization activities

During the mid-19th century, Christian missionaries indulged in open proselytisation in public institutions in the Madras Presidency. Their proselytisation activities were allegedly favoured by officials of the British government, who preferred native Christians to Hindus in higher appointments in order to entice Hindu Indians to embrace Christianity. The religious stance of the Madras government was frequently condemned by the Hindu population. Chetty supported their cause, and launched agitations against conversions.

On 2 October 1844, Chetty founded the Crescent, the first Indian-owned newspaper in the Madras Presidency for the "amelioration of the condition of Hindus". But right from the beginning, the newspaper faced strict government opposition. An advertisement sent to the Madras government for insertion into the government publication Fort St George Gazette was rejected. Further, the government resolved to enact a law wherein a Hindu convert to Christianity would not lose his ancestral right to own property. This was severely condemned by the Hindu community of Madras who, under the leadership of Chetty, presented a memorial to the Governor on 09 April 1845. The government eventually withdrew its plans after prolonged discussions with the agitators.

Around this time, the Madras government tried to introduce the Bible as a standard textbook for the students of the Madras University. Students were often questioned on points connected to Christian theology and were denied government posts if their knowledge of Christian texts was found wanting. Hindus of the Madras Presidency protested against these measures. Chetty presided over a protest meeting at the Pachaiyappa's College on 7 October 1846 in which it was resolved to send a memorandum to the Court of Directors of the British East India Company. Their efforts were successful and moves to introduce Christian theology in the curriculum were disbanded. In 1853, the government once again tried to introduce the Bible into the educational curriculum, but its efforts were thwarted by George and John Bruce Norton and Chetty.

Torture Commission

Peasants in various parts of the Madras Presidency were often subjected to cruel punishments if they failed to pay taxes on time. In 1854, with the assistance of H. Danby Seymour, a member of the British House of Commons, Chetty tried to induce the British authorities to investigate the methods of torture inflicted by the revenue collectors. In July 1854, Seymour tried to introduce a motion in the British Parliament. Sir Charles Wood, President of the India Board, responded by appointing a Torture Commission in September 1854, to investigate the conduct of revenue officials. Further pressure was induced by a petition signed by Chetty and other Indians, which was presented in the House of Lords on 14 April 1856.

Madras Native Association

Chetty established Madras Native Association in 1852 as a platform for educated Indians to protest against any injustice on the part of the British. It was the first Indian political organization in the Madras Presidency. Chetty served as its first president. Initially, his plans had been to establish a branch of the British Indian Association in Madras; however, a separate organisation was formed instead of a branch. P. Somasundaram Chettiar, a close associate of Chetty, served as the Secretary of the organization. The organization frequently locked horns with Christian missionaries.

In 1852, the Madras Native Association presented a detailed list of grievances to the British Parliament. It was read out at the House of Lords on 25 February 1853 by the Earl of Ellenborough along with a petition from the inhabitants of Manchester that a minister and council for India be appointed and that they be made responsible directly to the British monarch. Chetty followed it up with another petition in 1855. This petition signed by over 14,000 people beseached the British Crown to take the administration of India directly under its control. These petitions resulted in the curtailment of the powers of the British East India Company eventually culminating in the transfer of sovereignty over India to the British Crown. The organisation was dissolved in 1867, one year before Chetty's death.

Honours

In 1861, Chetty was created Companion of the Star of India. Two years later, in 1863, he was nominated to the Madras Legislative Council on the death of V. Sadagopacharlu, the first Indian nominated to the Madras Legislative Council as per the Indian Councils Act 1861.

Death

Chetty died in poverty in 1868, having spent all his money in his social and political activities.

References

Further reading

1806 births
1868 deaths
People from British India
Companions of the Order of the Star of India
Indian Hindus
Indian merchants


Vortex Comics is a Canadian independent comic book publisher that began operation in 1982. Under the supervision of president, publisher, and editor Bill Marks, Vortex was known for such titles as Dean Motter's Mister X, Howard Chaykin's Black Kiss, and Chester Brown's Yummy Fur, the last of which was a pioneer of alternative comics. Vortex also earned a reputation for publishing Canadian comic book creators such as Brown, Ty Templeton, Ken Steacy, and Jeffrey Morgan.

History
Vortex was founded by 20-year-old high school dropout William P. "Bill" Marks of Toronto in 1982, with its first title being an anthology comic of the same name. Marks recalled, "[Comic books] had a lot of potential for growth that I could see. I could see a revolution happening. By this time Cerebus was doing extremely well. Elfquest was a runaway success in the bookstores and on the best-seller lists. Eclipse was starting up and shortly thereafter Pacific Comics started to get quite big." Vortex received good distribution in both the U.S. and Canada. The company proved to be a major force in Canadian comics publishing throughout the 1980s.

Early issues of Vortex were edited by Marks himself (who later described them as "quite primitive") and received limited exposure. In 1983 Vortex redesigned their approach, employed Ken Steacy as editor, and added new titles like Mister X and Templeton's Stig's Inferno, as well as Templeton & Klaus Schoenefeld's Kelvin Mace and Matt Howarth's Those Annoying Post Bros. The first four issues of Mister X featured work by the Los Bros Jaime and Gilbert Hernandez.

In 1986–1987, Vortex again expanded, adding titles such as Ted McKeever's Transit, Bill White's Kaptain Keen & Kompany, Howarth's Savage Henry, and the two-issue Peter Milligan series Paradax. More significantly, Vortex began publishing a full-sized version of Chester Brown's mini-comic Yummy Fur, bringing Brown's surreal, black-humor stories to a wider audience. In 1990, Yummy Fur was nominated for a Harvey Award (Special Award for Humor category). Around this time Vortex also began publishing book-length graphic novels and compilations.

However, hard times hit the comics industry in 1988, and Vortex, like many other small publishers, suffered. The company launched a few new titles in 1988, most notably Howard Chaykin's erotic thriller Black Kiss. Black Kiss became one of the most controversial North American comics of the late 1980s, due to the comic having the sort of explicit scenes of sex and violence unseen in most comics published at the time. In addition, Vortex's printer at the time, Ronald's Printing, refused to print the book due to its content. To help retailers who had worries over selling what could be described as pornography, Vortex released the series sealed in a plastic bag. (This meant that casual browsers could not open the comic, or obviously see the internal content.) The publicity over Black Kiss didn't necessarily lead to strong sales, however, and by the end of 1988 Vortex's publishing schedule was erratic. Nonetheless, in January 1989, Vortex declared itself the third largest North American independent comic book publisher.

Reflecting publisher Marks' interest in car racing, Vortex survived until 1994 with an odd mixture of alternative titles and NASCAR-themed comics. (In 1991 and 1992 Vortex sponsored the 'Rookie of the Year' award in NASCAR's Grand National series; the 1991 prize was won by future superstar Jeff Gordon.)

In May 1994 Matt Howarth officially moved Those Annoying Post Bros. to rival publisher Aeon. Shakeups in the comics industry that year hit the small press hard, and Vortex was no exception. The last comic published by the company was Nocturnal Emissions #4, in March 1994, until a resurgence in 2021 with the titles Chaos Breaker and Queen of Skulls.

Vortex Words + Pictures
After a brief career as a race car driver, publisher Marks went on to produce and direct numerous feature films. Vortex was re-branded by Marks in 2009 as Vortex Words + Pictures, and most recently Vortex has produced the George Hickenlooper film Casino Jack, starring Kevin Spacey, A Dark Truth with Andy Garcia and Forest Whitaker, Compulsion, starring Heather Graham (with cinematography by the legendary Vilmos Zsigmond), as well as Trailer Park Boys, and the indy hit WolfCop.

Titles published

Ongoing titles
 Big Black Kiss (1989–1990)
 Black Kiss (1988–1989)
 Bloodlines #4–7 (1987–1988)
 Doc Chaos: The Strange Attractor (1990–1992)
 Kaptain Keen and Company (1987)
 Kelvin Mace (1985–1986)
 Ken Steacy's Summer Rerun (1987)
 The Legends of NASCAR (1990–1992)
 Mister X (3 series, 1984–1992)
 NASCAR Adventures (1991–1992)
 Nocturnal Emissions (1991–1994)
 Paradax (1987)

 Savage Henry (1987–1990)
 S'not for Kids (1991)
 Stig's Inferno (1985–1986)
 Those Annoying Post Bros. (1985–1991) — acquired by Rip Off Press
 Transit (1987)

 Vortex Comics (1982–1988)
 Yummy Fur (1986–1991)
 Chaos Breaker (2021)
 Queen of Skulls (2021)

Specials and one-shots
 Badlands (6-issue limited series, cancelled after first issue then moved to Dark Horse Comics, 1990)
 Brain of Mister X (1988)
 Daytona Special (1991)
 Ed the Happy Clown (two one-shots, 1989 & 1992)
 The Legends of NASCAR Christmas Special (1991)
 Mister X Special (1990)
 The Return of Mister X (1986)
 Thick Black Kiss (1993)

Creators associated with Vortex Comics
 Chester Brown
 Howard Chaykin
 Gilbert Hernandez
 Jaime Hernandez
 Mario Hernandez
 Matt Howarth
 Diti Katona
 Ted McKeever
 Peter Milligan
 Jeffrey Morgan
 Dean Motter
 Seth
 Bil Simser (original logos)
 Fiona Smyth
 Ty Templeton
 Dave Thorpe
 Mike Dringenberg

Notes

References

 Vortex Comics at Who's Who in American Comic Books
 Bell, John. "Alternative Visions, 1975–1988," Beyond the Funnies: The History of Comics in English Canada and Quebec
 Herzog, Marty. Interview with Bill Marks. Comics Interview #40 (1986), pp. 50–65.

Comic book publishing companies of Canada
1982 establishments in Ontario


Sceloporus occidentalis bocourtii, commonly known as the Coast Range fence lizard, is a subspecies of Sceloporus occidentalis, the Western fence lizard.

Geographic range
This taxon, S. o. bocourtii, is found in the state of California, from Sonoma County south to Santa Barbara County.

Taxonomy
The subspecies S. o. bocourtii is in the family Phrynosomatidae, North American spiny lizards.

Etymology
The subspecific name, bocourtii, is in honor of French herpetologist Marie Firmin Bocourt.

See also
Great Basin fence lizard
Island fence lizard
Northwestern fence lizard
Sierra fence lizard

References

External links
Hogan, C. Michael (2008). "Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)". Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg .
ITIS report: Sceloporus occidentalis bocourtii (1996).

Further reading
Bell, Edwin L. (1954). "A Preliminary Report on the Subspecies of the Western Fence Lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, and its Relationships to the Eastern Fence Lizard, Sceloporus undulatus ". Herpetologica 10 (1): 31–36. (Sceloporus occidentalis bocourtii, new combination).
Boulenger GA (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume II. Iguanidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 497 pp. + Plates I-XXIV. ("Sceloporus undulatus Var. bocourtii ", new variation, p. 229).
Smith, Hobart M.; Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. , paperback; , hardcover. (Sceloporus occidentalis bocourtii, p. 122).

Sceloporus
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Reptiles of the United States


WKIE may refer to:

 WURB-LP, a low-power radio station (92.7 FM) licensed to serve Kissimmee, Florida, United States, which held the call sign WKIE-LP from 2015 to 2021; see List of radio stations in Florida
 WCPY, a radio station (92.7 FM) licensed to serve Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States, which held the call sign WKIE from 1998 to 2008


Schismatoglottis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. Members of the genus are similar in appearance and growth habit to those of the genus Homalomena, but the two genera are not closely related. The primary difference is that the leaves of Schismatoglottis are not aromatic. Schismatoglottis are found primarily in tropical parts of Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Melanesia. The majority of the species are native to the Island of Borneo.

Schismatoglottis prietoi, described in 2015 from the Philippines, is uniquely fully aquatic or amphibious in habitat. It forms large colonies in shallow-fast-flowing freshwater rivers in lowland forests.

Species
Schismatoglottis acutifolia Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis adoceta S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis ahmadii A.Hay - Borneo
Schismatoglottis ardenii A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis asperata Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis barbata Engl. - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis bauensis A.Hay & C.Lee - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis bifasciata Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis bogneri A.Hay - Luzon, Mindoro
Schismatoglottis brevicuspis Hook.f. - Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra
Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi - Guangxi, Taiwan, Indochina, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu
Schismatoglottis canaliculata Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis ciliata A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis clarae A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis clausula S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis clemensiorum A.Hay - Sabah
Schismatoglottis confinis S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis conoidea Engl. - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis convolvula P.C.Boyce - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis corneri A.Hay - Borneo, Anambas
Schismatoglottis crinitissima A.Hay - Borneo
Schismatoglottis cyria P.C.Boyce - Brunei
Schismatoglottis decipiens A.Hay - Sabah
Schismatoglottis dilecta S.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis dulosa S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis ecaudata A.Hay - Sumatra
Schismatoglottis edanoi A.Hay - Samar in Philippines
Schismatoglottis elegans A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis erecta M.Hotta - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis eximia Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis eymae A.Hay - Sulawesi
Schismatoglottis ferruginea Merr. - Sabah
Schismatoglottis gamoandra M.Hotta - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis gillianiae P.C.Boyce - Brunei
Schismatoglottis glauca Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis grabowskii Engl. - Kalimantan Selatan
Schismatoglottis hainanensis H.Li - Hainan
Schismatoglottis harmandii Engl. - Laos
Schismatoglottis hayana Bogner & P.C.Boyce - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis hayi S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis hottae Bogner & Nicolson - Brunei
Schismatoglottis ifugaoensis S.Y.Wong, Bogner & P.C.Boyce - Luzon
Schismatoglottis imbakensis Kartini, S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce
Schismatoglottis inculta Kurniawan & P.C.Boyce - Sulawesi
Schismatoglottis jelandii P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis jepomii P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis jitinae S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis josefii A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis kurzii Hook.f. - Myanmar
Schismatoglottis lancifolia Hallier f. & Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis latevaginata Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis linae S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis lingua A.Hay - Sabah
Schismatoglottis longispatha W.Bull - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis luzonensis Engl. - Philippines
Schismatoglottis maelii P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis matangensis S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis mayoana Bogner & M.Hotta - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis merrillii Engl. - Luzon
Schismatoglottis mindanaoana Engl. - Mindanao
Schismatoglottis mira S.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis modesta Schott - Kalimantan Tengah
Schismatoglottis monoplacenta M.Hotta - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis moodii A.Hay - Sabah
Schismatoglottis motleyana (Schott) Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis multiflora Ridl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis multinervia M.Hotta - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis nervosa Ridl. - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis niahensis A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis nicolsonii A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis patentinervia Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis pectinervia A.Hay - Brunei
Schismatoglottis penangensis Engl - Penang
Schismatoglottis petri A.Hay - Brunei
Schismatoglottis platystigma M.Hotta - Brunei
Schismatoglottis plurivenia Alderw. - Philippines, Sulawesi
Schismatoglottis prietoi P.C.Boyce, Medecilo & S.Y.Wong - Philippines
Schismatoglottis puberulipes Alderw. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis pudenda A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis pumila Hallier f. ex Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis pusilla Engl. - Philippines
Schismatoglottis pyrrhias A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis retinervia Furtado - Sabah
Schismatoglottis roseospatha Bogner - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis samarensis A.Hay - Samar in Philippines
Schismatoglottis sarikeensis (Bogner & M.Hotta) A.Hay & Bogner - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis schottii Bogner & Nicolson - Borneo
Schismatoglottis scortechinii Hook.f. - Peninsular Malaysia
Schismatoglottis sejuncta A.Hay - Brunei
Schismatoglottis silamensis A.Hay - Sabah
Schismatoglottis simonii S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis subundulata (Zoll. ex Schott) Nicolson - Sulawesi
Schismatoglottis tahubangensis A.Hay & Hersc. - Sabah
Schismatoglottis tecturata (Schott) Engl. - Borneo, Riau Islands
Schismatoglottis tessellata S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis thelephora S.Y.Wong, P.C.Boyce & S.L.Low - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis trifasciata Engl. - Borneo
Schismatoglottis trivittata Hallier - Borneo
Schismatoglottis trusmadiensis A.Hay & Mood - Sabah
Schismatoglottis turbata S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis ulusarikeiensis S.Y.Wong - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis unifolia A.Hay & P.C.Boyce - Sabah
Schismatoglottis venusta A.Hay - Sabah
Schismatoglottis viridissima A.Hay - Sarawak
Schismatoglottis wahaiana Alderw. - Seram in Maluku
Schismatoglottis wallichii Hook.f. - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
Schismatoglottis warburgiana Engl. - Sagapan, Mindanao
Schismatoglottis wongii A.Hay - Sabah
Schismatoglottis zonata Hallier f. - - Borneo

See also
Homalonema
Adelonema

References

Araceae genera
Taxa named by Heinrich Zollinger
Taxa named by Alexander Moritzi


Christoph Friedrich Hegelmaier (4 September 1833 – 26 May 1906) was a German physician and botanist who was a native of Sulzbach, Württemberg.

In 1857 he earned his doctorate from the University of Tübingen, and later was a military doctor in Ulm. In 1864 he received his habilitation at Tübingen, where in 1866 he became an associate professor of botany.

He was an authority on the plant family Lemnaceae, and in 1868 published the treatise Die Lemnaceen: Eine monographische Untersuchung. Other important works by Hegelmaier include a monograph of the genus Callitriche, called Monographie der Gattung Callitriche (1864), and a highly regarded study involving plant embryology, titled Vergleichenden Untersuchungen über Entwicklung dikotyledoner Keime ("Comparative studies on development of dicotyledonous seeds", 1878).

Today his herbarium is kept at the Museum of Natural History in Stuttgart.

References
 Bryophytes H (Collectors Index Herbarium) (biographical information)

1833 births
1906 deaths
People from Rems-Murr-Kreis
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
19th-century German botanists
Academic staff of the University of Tübingen


The Songzhuang Art Colony (), located in Songzhuang Town of Tongzhou District (in the eastern suburbs of Beijing), is the most famous and biggest artist community in Beijing. More than 2,000 artists live there.

Originally representing the avant-garde, the area now accommodates artists who paint in varying styles, ranging from the avant-garde to the academic. Sculptors and photographers also call the area home.

The character of Songzhuang art colony

The previously institutionalized and socially motivated art system produced many of the initial artists of the Chinese avant-garde. Were it not for the breakaway radicals of the last two decades, there simply would be no artistic community in Songzhuang, even if its present concerns are perhaps more of a monetary rather than a sociological nature. With a shift catering more towards the foreign market occurring in the 1980s, and the rise of the nouveau-riche at the beginning of the new century, today it is both the growing upper middle class in the cosmopolitan cities as well as foreign collectors and galleries that have become the prominent collectors of contemporary art in China, though one would have to be über-cynical to suppose that the creative process has become wholly money-orientated to the modern artist living here. Far from it, in fact, a spirit of idealism, a “Songzhuang spirit” well and truly exists, and can even be examined from a historical perspective, where the roots of the artistic community can be traced back to Yuanmingyuan, the grounds of the Old Summer Palace in the north-east of Beijing. It was there that in the 1980s, like-minded free spirits congregated, living relatively poorly, though freely, escaping from the rat race and pressures of modern society. Artists arrived from all over China, celebrating a creative community and period of intense artistic exploration.

Searching for tranquility
A trend was established for artists to migrate away from the cities and to form their own communities such as the famous Beijing East Village. It brought far-reaching consequences for the Chinese avant-garde scene, as focus shifted away from the emerging capitalistic distractions and political pressures and opportunity was given in a tranquil environment for inner reflection and deep contemplation. However, problems arose once the community began attracting attention/notoriety from the media, gallery owners and other quarters, making artistic life more difficult as the once relaxed and free atmosphere came under closer scrutiny. The 1993 documentary ‘Seeking Dreams on the Verge’, by the director Zhang Jiarui, explores these issues.

In an effort to preserve the spirit of the avant-garde, Fang Lijun, Zhang Huiping and Yue Minjun took the bold initiative in the spring of 1994 to relocate from Yuanmingyuan to the farming area of Songzhuang Township, located between the Chaobai and Wenyu rivers in Tongzhou District, 20 km away from central Beijing. Liu Wei, Zhang Huiping, Wang Qiang and Gao Huijun were also in this first wave of artists to move. By the end of the year Yang Shaobin, Ma Ziheng, Zhang Jianqiang, Shao Zhenpeng, Liu Fenghua, Zhang Mingqiang, Wang Qiuren and Yao Junzhong joined them. With the accompaniment of renowned art critic Li Xianting, who later became known as "the Godfather of Songzhuang", a quite formidable group of talent had succeeded in keeping the flame burning for Chinese avant-garde art.

Here, the old style farmhouses, many with a small front courtyards or gardens, proved an ideal living and working space for the artists, more of whom would subsequently arrive following the official closure of the Yuanmingyuan community in 1995, this being in some part due to the latter’s proximity to Beijing’s university district. The communal artistic lifestyle and essence of the avant-garde was preserved and remained intact amongst the tribulations, albeit by transplantation to Songzhuang.

Today
About present day Songzhuang, native artist Cheng Da Qing said, “The future of Chinese fine art is in Songzhuang”. The artistic community now has over one thousand artists, centered mainly in the village of Xiaopu and spreading throughout Tuanli, Liuhe, Daxing, Xindian, Lamazhuang, Renzhuang, Beisi, Baimiao and Xiaoyang. Painters, sculptors, photographers, writers, conceptual/new media artists and dreamers live side-by-side, the largest gathering of contemporary artists certainly in China if not in the world.

October 2005 saw the successful inauguration of an annual Songzhuang Art Festival, under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Culture, the Songzhuang Township Government, and the Songzhuang Art Promotion Society, when over six hundred works were shown along the 2 km main road in Xiaopu. The subsequent year’s festival used the newly constructed Songzhuang Art Museum and the East District Artistic Centre, strengthening Songzhuang's reputation as an arts community.

Travel to and from Beijing is convenient with local transport or taxi capable of making the journey in under an hour.

References

Tongzhou District, Beijing
Culture in Beijing
Chinese art


Weber Canyon is a canyon in the Wasatch Range near Ogden, Utah, through which the Weber River flows west toward the Great Salt Lake.  It is fed by 13 tributary creeks and is  long.

History
Weber Canyon is, historically, one of the more important canyons in Utah. The many streams that feed into the Weber River made the area attractive to prehistoric nomadic Native Americans, including the Shoshone and Ute tribes.

The river and canyon were named for fur trapper John Henry Weber. Early explorers also included Étienne Provost. In 1825, near the present-day community of Mountain Green, trappers of the British Hudson's Bay Company Snake Country Expedition, under the leadership of Peter Skene Ogden, had a confrontation with competing American trappers, under the leadership of Johnson Gardner. Gardner insisted that the British group was trespassing in United States Territory. Ogden kept the situation from becoming an international incident, although some of his men, including Canadian Antoine Godin, left his group to join Gardner.

Emigrants traveling to California, including the Hudspeth, Bryant-Russell, and Young and Harlan parties, took the first wagons through Weber Canyon in 1846. The first road through the canyon was completed in 1855 by a group led by Thomas J. Thurston. In 1868, Brigham Young contracted with the Union Pacific Railroad to build part of the transcontinental railroad through Weber Canyon.

Attractions

Interstate 84 now travels through Weber Canyon. The highway passes by an unusual geological formation called Devil's Slide.

There is also the 1000 Mile Tree, a pine discovered by Union Pacific Railroad workers marking  from the railroad's origin in Omaha, Nebraska. The original tree died in 1900 and was removed in September of that year. In 1982 to commemorate the site, UP planted a new tree that has grown today to over  tall.

References

External links

Canyons and gorges of Utah
Landforms of Davis County, Utah
Landforms of Morgan County, Utah
Landforms of Weber County, Utah
Wasatch Range


The Wicked Witch of Oz is a novel by Rachel Cosgrove Payes. Written in the early 1950s but not published until four decades later, the book is a volume in the series of Oz books by L. Frank Baum and his successors.

Cosgrove Payes had published her first Oz book, The Hidden Valley of Oz, in 1951 with Reilly & Lee, the publisher of the Oz series since the time of Baum. The Wicked Witch of Oz would have been the next book in the series, and was intended for publication in 1954 but Reilly & Lee cancelled the project, since the Oz books were no longer selling well. The book remained unpublished until the International Wizard of Oz Club brought out the first edition in 1993, with illustrations by Eric Shanower.  The club declared it book 45 in the series.  In the documentary, Oz: The American Fairyland, Payes states that she refused all requests to read her manuscript with "not 'til it's a book."

Synopsis
The title character is Singra, the Wicked Witch of the South. She awakens after sleeping for a century; her Magical Musical Snuffbox informs her of all the events she has missed in the last hundred years. Armed with this knowledge, Singra sets out to brew a spell of revenge against Dorothy Gale, the main agent of unwelcome change.  Grudgingly rescuing a water nymph along the way, she is granted her wish to become impervious to water so that she will not melt like her late cousin, the Wicked Witch of the West.

Singra waylays the Scarecrow, and tricks the girl she thinks is Dorothy into drinking her potion. Singra, however, has blundered: she has mistaken Trot for Dorothy, turning the little girl into a piece of green cheese. Dorothy sets out to rescue Trot, while Singra continues to seek her vengeance.

Dorothy is aided by Percy, a giant talking white rat — a character that Cosgrove Payes introduced in The Hidden Valley of Oz. In their efforts, they encounter a rubber band (that is, a band of rubber musicians), and an animated neon man named Leon — Leon the Neon. The trio of Dorothy, Percy, and Leon confront a giant beehive, and Dorothy and Percy take flight on hummingbird wings. Singra enchants Dorothy into a statue, but her friends, Ozma, the Wizard, Jellia Jamb, and the rest, manage to unravel Singra's scheme. Singra drinks from the Forbidden Fountain, and is purged of her malicious intent along with her memory.

References

External links
 On The Wicked Witch of Oz

Oz (franchise) books
1993 fantasy novels
1993 American novels
Witchcraft in written fiction
1993 children's books


Phillips House may refer to:

in the United States
(by state then city)

 Phillips House (Arcata, California), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Humboldt County
 Phillips House (Long Beach, California) listed among the City of Long Beach historic landmarks
Phillips Mansion, Pomona, California, NRHP-listed in Los Angeles County
Harry and Lilly Phillips House, Fruita, Colorado, NRHP-listed in Mesa County
Capron-Phillips House, Coventry, Connecticut, NRHP-listed in Tolland County
Phillips Potato House, Laurel, Delaware, NRHP-listed in Sussex County
 Dr. P. Phillips House, Orlando, Florida, NRHP-listed in Orange County
George Phillips House, Columbus, Georgia, NRHP-listed in Muscogee County
William D. Phillips Log Cabin, Hogansville, Georgia, NRHP-listed in Meriwether County
Phillips-Sims House, Hogansville, Georgia, NRHP-listed in Troup County
Phillips-Turner-Kelly House, Monticello, Georgia, NRHP-listed in Jasper County
Alfred Phillips House, Gibson City, Illinois, NRHP-listed
William Phillips House, Hodgenville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed in LaRue County
Phillips' Folly, Maysville, Kentucky, NRHP-listed
Josiah Phillips House, Sonora, Kentucky, NRHP-listed in Hardin County
E. M. Phillips House, Southbridge, Massachusetts, NRHP-listed
 Phillips House, a VIP wing of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Ernie Phillips House, Grandin, Missouri, NRHP-listed in Carter County
Hotel Phillips, Kansas City, Missouri, NRHP-listed
John Archibald Phillips House, Poplar Bluff, Missouri, NRHP-listed in Butler County
R.O. Phillips House, Lincoln, Nebraska, NRHP-listed in Lancaster County
Crane-Phillips House, Cranford, New Jersey, NRHP-listed
Joseph Phillips Farm, Titusville, New Jersey, NRHP-listed in Mercer County
Harriet Phillips Bungalow, Claverack, New York, NRHP-listed
 Phillips House (Poughkeepsie, New York), NRHP-listed
John Evander Phillips House, Cameron, North Carolina, NRHP-listed in Evander County
King-Phillips-Deibel House, Medina, Ohio, NRHP-listed in Medina County
Frank and Jane Phillips House, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, NRHP-listed in Washington County
Waite Phillips Mansion, Tulsa, Oklahoma, NRHP-listed in Tulsa County
 John Phillips House, Polk County, Oregon, NRHP-listed
Joseph and Esther Phillips Plantation, Atglen, Pennsylvania, NRHP-listed
 Phillips House (Morristown, Tennessee), NRHP-listed in Hamblen County
Judge Alexander H. Phillips House, Victoria, Texas, NRHP-listed in Victoria County
E. F. Phillips House, Waxahachie, Texas, NRHP-listed in Ellis County
Phillips-Ronald House, Blacksburg, Virginia, NRHP-listed in Montgomery County
Phillips Farm, Suffolk, Virginia, NRHP-listed in Suffolk
Dr. John and Viola Phillips House and Office, Newport, Washington, NRHP-listed in Pend Oreille County
 Phillips House (Seattle, Washington), NRHP-listed in Seattle
Duncan Phillips House, Washington, D.C., NRHP-listed
Phillips-Sprague Mine, Beckley, West Virginia, NRHP-listed

See also
Philips House (disambiguation)


The 80th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in central Pennsylvania and has been represented by James V. Gregory since 2019.

District profile
The 80th District is located in Blair County and Huntingdon County and includes the following areas:

Blair County

Antis Township
Bellwood
Blair Township
Catharine Township
Duncansville
Frankstown Township
Freedom Township
Greenfield Township
Hollidaysburg
Huston Township
Juniata Township
Martinsburg
Newry
North Woodbury Township
Roaring Spring
Snyder Township
Taylor Township
Tyrone
Tyrone Township
Williamsburg
Woodbury Township

Huntingdon County
Birmingham
Franklin Township
Warriors Mark Township

Representatives

References

Government of Blair County, Pennsylvania
80


Dhaka Commerce College () is a master's level college in Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Established in 1989, it was the first college in Dhaka city to specialise in business studies. Students receive education both in Bangla and English medium. The main founder of this college is Professor Kazi Nurul Islam Faruky. This college is also known as DCC. Dhaka Commerce College was awarded as the best private college in Bangladesh in 2019. The Higher Secondary Science course also started in the 2019 - 2020 session.

History
When Dhaka Commerce College began, in 1989, it offered Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) classes and pass-level Bachelor of Commerce courses. Honours and master's courses under National University were added starting with the 1994–95 academic year. A four-year Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) professional course was added in the 1997–98 session.

Academics
The college educates from HSC level to post graduate level. There are twelve departments in the college. Course offering includes the Higher Secondary course and a broad range of postgraduate courses in Accounting, Economics, English, Finance, Management, Marketing, Statistics and Bangla. Also, the BBA and the CSE course are added to the college.
In the 2019 - 2020 session, Dhaka Commerce College started a Higher Secondary course on Science.

Departments
There is a total of 18 departments in this college. Every department is decorated with well-qualified and skilled teachers.
 Department of Bengali
 Department of English
 Department of Accounting
 Department of Finance & Banking
 Department of Marketing
 Department of Management
 Department of Economics
 Department of Statistics
 Department of Social Studies
 Department of Business Administration
 Department of CSE (Computer Science & Engineering)
 Department of Science

Performance

After its founding, it soon became known for its strict rules and regulations. The students call it Dhaka Central Cell. From its beginning, it has been maintaining high-quality standards. It got the medal of the best college two times in 1996 and 2002.

Since it began, Dhaka Commerce College was placed in the top 10 colleges in the country in terms of HSC results. The National University (NU) listed Dhaka Commerce College in the top five colleges as the best among 685 in the country for their outstanding performances. Dhaka Commerce College's results in the Dhaka Board for Higher Secondary Certificate level examinations are:

References

External links

Universities and colleges in Dhaka
Colleges affiliated to National University, Bangladesh
Colleges in Dhaka District
Educational institutions established in 1989
Private colleges in Bangladesh
1989 establishments in Bangladesh


Multiseat may refer to:
 Multiseat constituency, in voting systems
 Multiseat configuration or "multiterminal", single computer which supports multiple independent users at the same time


The first USS Morris was a sailing ship in the Continental Navy in commission from 1778 to 1779. She was named for Founding Father, Continental Congressman, and a major financier of the American Revolution, Robert Morris.

During the American Revolutionary War a party twenty-nine men of the 13th Virginia Regiment led by James Willing departed Fort Pitt and traveled down the Mississippi river where they captured the British ship Rebecca moored at Fort Bute. Oliver Pollock, the American commercial agent at New Orleans who had charge of naval affairs on the Mississippi during the American Revolution, purchased Rebecca for the Continental Congress. The ship was renamed Morris and was manned and converted to a Man-of-war under the command of Captain William Pickles.

A severe hurricane destroyed Morris on 18 August 1779, causing the loss of 11 of her crew.

References

Ships of the Continental Navy
Age of Sail naval ships of the United States


Discovery Museum is a hands-on museum for families that blends science, nature, and play, located in Acton, Massachusetts, United States. After an $8.8M expansion and renovation, the museum reopened in March 2018 as a , accessible, single-building museum; a  tree house and accessible nature playscape were added to the campus in July 2016. The museum was originally founded in 1982.

Description
The museum and its Discovery Woods accessible outdoor nature playscape and  tree house blend the best of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math) learning on a beautiful  campus abutting  of conservation land in Acton, about  west of Boston. Originally founded in 1982 and expanded to two museums in 1987, the museum reopened  in a single, accessible building after a complete renovation and expansion in early 2018. Discovery Woods, opened on the campus in July 2016, abuts  of conservation land on Great Hill used for visitor programs.

History
The original Children's Discovery Museum was founded in 1982 by Donald B. Verger, a math teacher and naturalist. The Science Discovery Museum was added to the campus in 1988. An additional parcel that increased the campus size by half was purchased and a new master plan was commissioned in 2008.

Current exhibits
The museum has twice the exhibit space of the original museum and includes significant galleries for STEAM experiences including water; air; tinkering, design, and engineering; early brain development; math; light and color; and sound. It also includes re-imagined visitor favorites from the original buildings including a Diner, Train Room, and Ship Room, along with other beloved exhibit components such as a giant amethyst and radar magnet. All exhibits are hands-on, low-tech, open-ended, and interactive, to encourage play, exploration, and experimentation by all.

Accessibility
The building is ADA-compliant and all exhibits are accessible, designed according to Universal Design principles to be both aesthetically pleasing and usable by the widest possible range of people, without regards to age or ability. In combination with the museum’s Discovery Woods outdoor nature playscape and treehouse, the entire campus is accessible.

The Museum's Open Door Connections program provides opportunities for those who face a variety of barriers—financial, developmental, or cultural—to experience the museum. In 2018, 22% of the total served visited for free or nearly free. The Museum provides dedicated free services for families with children on the autism spectrum and with vision or hearing loss; free admission to all on select Friday nights, and any time to military families; and $1 admission to EBT card holders and up to five guests.

Awards and honors
 John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts LEAD Community Asset Award, 2018
 Boston magazine’s Best of Boston 2018, Best Family-Friendly Museum, West
 New England Museum Association (NEMA) Excellence Award, 2015, 2018
 Massachusetts Commonwealth Award (Access Category), Massachusetts Cultural Council, 2017
 Best Museum, Gold or Silver, Wicked Local Reader’s Choice Awards, 2010-2018
 “Best of the Best” Family Favorites Award, Boston Parents Paper; 2010-2018
 Trip Advisor Certificate of Excellence, 2017
 Museums for America grant, Institute of Museum and Library Services, 2011, 2013-15, 2017

Original buildings (now closed)
The original Children's Discovery Museum was housed in a 3-story Victorian house, built in 1880, that had  of floor space in ten rooms. The former Science Discovery Museum was housed in a purpose-built postmodern building designed by E. Verner Johnson & Associates. It had  of floor space. It is this structure that was completely renovated and expanded in 2018; the original Children's Discovery Museum building remains on campus but is used for office space and is closed to the public.

Former exhibits
The former Children's Discovery Museum exhibits included the Assabet River Water Table, Bessie's Play Diner, Air Play, Backyard at Night, Sensations, S.S. Discover, the Chain Reaction Room, the Adventure fort, and the Train Room. Former exhibits include the Rainbow Room, Safari Room, Dinosaur Room, and Grandma's Attic.

The former Science Discovery Museum permanent exhibits included Earth Science, Inventor's Workshop, Rubber Ball Music Wall, and Sea of Clouds.

CEO
Neil H. Gordon (2009-present)

Current and Former Directors
Donald Verger
Kathleen Compton
Deborah Gilpin (1992-2003)
Michael W. Judd
Patricia J. Chisholm
Wendy E. Baker
Donald MacKenzie
Russell Layton
Katharine Denault
Margaret (Meg) Ramsey
Cheryl Beaudoin
Justin Kliger
Helen Crary
Jeff Glidden
Kerry Hawitt, Ph.D
Andrew H. Howard

References

External links
Discovery Museum

Children's museums in Massachusetts
Museums established in 1982
Victorian architecture in Massachusetts
Postmodern architecture in the United States
Museums in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Science museums in Massachusetts
1982 establishments in Massachusetts
Acton, Massachusetts


Vernon Weiss (born 1951) was a key person in the development of the Dell XPS computer line at Dell and was the director of the computer line at Packard Bell. The XPS line is considered the start of the Gaming Desktop Computer Industry.

During his early years in the computer industry, Vernon Weiss was also involved with the Data General One, Two and the Data General Walkabout.

References
 http://www.cyperus.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/8-4-97/290667&EDATE=
 http://www.digibarn.com/collections/systems/dg-1/index.html

1951 births
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)


The Osbourn Seamount is a seamount in the south-west Pacific Ocean.  It is the westernmost and oldest unsubducted seamount of the Louisville Ridge, with an estimated age of 78.8 ± 1.3 .  Like other seamounts comprising the Louisville Ridge, it was formed by the Louisville hotspot which is currently located  away near the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge.

Osbourn Seamount will eventually be destroyed by subduction in the Tonga and Kermadec trenches once it is carried into the trenches by the ongoing plate motion.  The trench-chain collision zone is moving southward at a rate of / because of the oblique angle between the trench and the Louisville chain.  This further shortens the seamount's lifespan.
The flat top of the seamount is currently tilting down toward the trench because the seamount is sitting on the edge of the trench where the Australian Plate is being bent by subduction.

A bathymetric high   north-west of the Osbourn Seamount has been interpreted as the currently subducting portion of the Louisville chain, but this continuation is not aligned with the existent chain. Whatever the area of subduction of the Louisville chain is associated with a relative seismic gap beneath the Tonga forearc. This implies that the subduction of the volcanoes compared to normal sediment has a significant impact in terms of normal relief of stress but it is unclear if the subducted volcanoes relieve it as suggested by some or increase it. Further the change in trend if the subducted Louisville chain compared to present is backed up by compositional analysis of recent arc volcanism as the volcanics from the Louisville chain are recycled.  The Osbourn Seamount is the same age as the Detroit Seamount (75.8±0.6 Ma), one of the oldest of the Hawaii–Emperor seamount chain, and a clockwise bend in the Louisville chain near Osbourn is similar to the Detroit-Meiji bend in the Hawaii–Emperor chain.

References
 Notes

 Sources

Guyots
Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean
Hotspot volcanoes
Cretaceous volcanoes
Polygenetic volcanoes


(Back and forth) is an operatic 'sketch' (Op. 45a) in one scene by Paul Hindemith, with a German libretto by Marcellus Schiffer. It acts as a parody of conventional opera tropes featuring a coloratura ariette, a jealousy duet, and a terzet for the tenor, baritone and bass.

Hindemith wrote the piece for a collection of miniature operas presented on 17 July 1927 at the Baden-Baden Music Festival in the Theater Baden-Baden. The work lasts for just 12 minutes. Other short works by Darius Milhaud (), Kurt Weill (Mahagonny-Songspiel) and Ernst Toch () were performed the same evening. The performance was re-enacted in October 2013 by the Gotham Chamber Opera in New York City. On 9 August 1940 the piece would be performed at the Tanglewood summer music academy with Hindemith himself playing one of the piano parts. He then directed three stage performances of the work at the Hartt School of Music in Hartford, Connecticut on 12, 13 and 14 May 1942.

Instrumentation
Flute

Clarinet

Alto Saxophone

Bassoon

Trumpet

Trombone

1 Four Handed Piano

1 Two Handed Piano

Harmonium (Behind the Stage)

Roles

Synopsis
In a kind of dramatic palindrome, a tragedy unfolds involving jealousy, murder and suicide, which is then replayed with the lines sung in reverse order to produce a happy ending.

Robert (tenor), returns home unexpectedly, and finds that his wife Helene (soprano) has received a letter from an unnamed lover. He flies into a jealous rage and shoots her. After her dead body is carried off by the Professor (baritone) and the Ambulance Man (bass), Robert throws himself out of his window. A wise man enters the stage, and deplores the tragedy. He then causes time to run backwards, causing the music and the text to also run backwards, ending the opera happily before Helene was killed.

Musical style and structure
The opera is notable for its structure, which has the music of the opera run backwards halfway through the opera. The piece uses the idea of retrograde overall throughout the piece but does not use it in individual phrases of text or music. For example the first line of text in the opera "Guten Morgen, liebe Tante," does not get reversed as "Tante Liebe, Morgen Guten," but remains the same. Rather it is the order of phrases that is reversed so that "Guten Morgen, liebe Tante" is both the first and last lines of the opera. This also keeps the internal syntax of sentences. With regards to musical phrases, musicologist Alexandra Monchick notes that:"A literal palindrome of the music would have ramifications for the quasi-tonal. A few years later Alban Berg produced an exact palindrome for the movie sequence in his opera Lulu (1929-1934). Since Lulu was a twelve tone opera, not dependent on tonal hierarchies, Berg was able to replicate an exact palindrome at the pitch class level, without a breakdown of logical musical language. However this was not possible for Hindemith in this instance. As in most of his works, Hindemith's musical language in Hin and Zurück is tonally centered without being diatonic. The piece is based around A, the key in which the overture begins... The musical numbers also form a palindrome. Hindemith divides the opera into baroque-like short numbers: Prelude, Ariette, Duett, Terzett and their recapitulations after the Sages Monologue."The tonal scheme of the opera is:

During the first Terzett, the harmony gradually moves by minor thirds from the key of E to the distant key of A-flat for the sages monologue. During the recapitulations, the music returns to E for the second Terzett, but instead of returning to the key of A for the second Prelude, the music instead goes to the key of G sharp, which is the leading tone to A. "Instead of forming a satisfying dramatic circle back to the tonic, the resolution is more of a dramatic spiral. This perhaps signifies that people's actions can never be completely undone...Also, the ending in the G-sharp key area is an enharmonic equivalent of A-flat, the key of the Sage's Monologue, evoking once again the cause of this reversed ending."

Recordings

References

External links

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOb1r5hlTgg (Television Performance)

Operas by Paul Hindemith
German-language operas
Operas
1927 operas
Zeitoper
One-act operas


Ambrosina is a genus in the family Araceae that consists of only one species, Ambrosina bassii, and the only genus in the tribe Ambrosineae. This species is the smallest terrestrial aroid in the Mediterranean, growing only to 8 cm tall. It is usually found growing in woodlands on north faces of hillsides and in humus soil that is covering limestone. It is distributed in Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, southern mainland Italy, Tunisia, and Algeria.

Description
Ambrosina bassii has oval leaves that are 3.5 to 6 cm long and resemble the leaves of many aroid seedlings. The inflorescence is 2.5 cm long bent over and has an unusual spathe. The spathe is shaped like an egg and is greenish brown with dots on it. Inside the egg shaped spathe is divided two chambers. In one chamber is contained a single female flower and in the other are 8 to 10 male flowers. The seeds have an elaiosome. However, seeds are rarely formed, as this species exhibits a low reproductive rate.

Pollen
The inaperturate pollen grains are 26-50 µm big. It disperses as a single grain (monad).

Population genetics
Ambrosina is the only representative of its genus and is quite unique. It has been shown that it has high heterozygosity, as it has an average of two loci per allele. The data represents that genetic variation attributes to differences among populations from different geographical territories. Also, the local anthropogenic fragmentation has caused no time for genetic drift or interbreeding to erode genetic variation, this eventually resulted in generating differences between populations. The effective population size is low in natural populations.

Phylogeny
It is closely related to the genera Arisarum, Peltandra, and Typhonodorum. Ambrosina is the sister group to Arisarum, from which it separated about 46.1 Million years ago.

The precise relationships are displayed in the following cladogram:

Taxonomy

Species
The genus is monotypic and only consists of Ambrosina bassii.

Varieties
The following three varieties have been described:
Ambrosina bassii var. angustifolia Guss.
Ambrosina bassii var. maculata (Ucria) Parl.
Ambrosina bassii var. reticulata (Tineo) Parl.
However, none of them are accepted.

Former species
Multiple species have been moved from the genus Ambrosina to Cryptocoryne:
Ambrosina ciliaris Spreng. is a synonym of Cryptocoryne ciliata var. ciliata
Ambrosina ciliata Roxb. is a synonym of Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Schott
Ambrosina retrospiralis Roxb. is a synonym of Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb.) Kunth
Ambrosina roxburghiana Voigt is a synonym of Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb.) Kunth
Ambrosina spirialis (Retz.) Roxb. is a synonym of Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) Fisch. ex Wydler
Ambrosina unilocularis Roxb. is a synonym of Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb.) Kunth

Ecology

Visitation of inflorescences
The inflorescences are visited by springtails, Embiidae, earwigs, mites of the genera Penthaleus or Bdella, and millipedes.

Seed dispersal
The seeds are attractive to ants, as the seed is coated in an edible elaiosome. Due to this edible coating, the ants disperse the seeds.

Parasite ecology
Ambrosina foliage may be affected by  reddish-brown, 0-1 mm large leaf spots  caused by the phytopatogenic fungus Entylomaster dietelianus (Bubák) Vánky & R.G. Shivas (syn. Entyloma dietelianum Bubák). Numerous 10-16 µm large spores are embedded whithin the leaf spots. This fungal disease is specific to the family Araceae.

Etymology
The generic name Ambrosina honours the brothers Bartolomeo Ambrosini (1588-1657) and Giacinto Ambrosini (1605-1671).

Conservation
Despite being listed as species of leaft concern by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, it is legally protected in France.

References

Aroideae
Monotypic Araceae genera
Flora of Algeria
Flora of Tunisia
Flora of Italy
Flora of Sicily
Flora of France
Flora of Corsica
Flora of Sardinia


USS Morris was a schooner in the Continental Navy placed in commission in 1779. She was named for Founding Father, Continental Congressman, and a major financier of the American Revolutionary War, Robert Morris.

Morris was presented to Oliver Pollock by Governor Bernardo de Gálvez of Spanish Louisiana in the summer of 1779 for the use of American forces on the Mississippi River. Armed and commanded by Captain William Pickles, Morris operated on the Mississippi and nearby waters against British commerce. In September 1779 she captured British sloop HMS West Florida in the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain after a severe conflict.

References

Ships of the Continental Navy
Age of Sail naval ships of the United States
Schooners of the United States Navy
1770s ships
Spain–United States military relations