Not Without a Fight is the sixth studio album by American rock band New Found Glory. It was released on March 10, 2009, through independent label Epitaph Records. Produced by Blink-182 singer-bassist Mark Hoppus and recorded at his home based-OPRA Studios, the album was seen as a return to the band's energetic roots in comparison to its predecessor; the mellow Coming Home (2006). The gap between releases marked the longest period between studio albums in the band's career thus far, while the title is taken from the lyrics in opening track, "Right Where We Left Off".

In the United States, opening week sales reached 26,900 units allowing it to debut at number one on the Billboard Independent Albums Chart and number twelve on the Billboard 200. This marked their fourth consecutive album to debut in the top twenty on the Billboard chart, despite leaking six weeks prior to its official release. The album was released early in Australia to coincide with the band's appearance at the Soundwave Festival and it debuted at number thirty six on the ARIA Charts.

Background
Following the release, promotion and touring of Coming Home (2006), the band parted ways with major label Geffen Records in early 2007. Steve Klein, the band's chief lyricist and rhythm guitarist explained that due to the label undergoing several management changes, the band were left feeling isolated; "At the time of Coming Home being released, this guy who was the president was all about Pussycat Dolls and all that pop and R&B. It came out at a time when they weren't really caring about their rock bands. And you know, we had a choice to be on that label again for the next one and we just decided that we didn't want to be part of a label that didn't want to put out rock music." The band subsequently recorded their second cover album, From the Screen to Your Stereo Part II (2007) without a record contract, before agreeing a distribution deal with former label Drive-Thru Records. After writing and recording several demos in the interim period, lead guitarist and composer Chad Gilbert contacted Mark Hoppus early in 2008 to discuss a possible project. When they met, Gilbert showed Hoppus the series of rough demos from his iPod and it was then agreed to record an album in Hoppus' home studio, despite the band not being signed to a label at the time.

Recording and production

The band entered the studio in the latter part of May 2008, and completed recording in July. Hoppus later stated that he was willing to take part in the project as he would be working with a band with a "definite sound" in mind, but who "also wanted input and guidance from someone they trusted." The producer also commented afterward that, "We worked really hard to get great, gritty guitars, big drums, edgy bass, and Jordan is singing stronger than he ever has. The songs really came together, and I can't wait for people to hear this record." Speaking of the recording sessions, Steve Klein praised the "lighthearted" atmosphere amongst Hoppus and the band; "He didn't take himself too seriously and we don't take ourselves too seriously, either. Every day, you'd wake up and go, "Man, I can't wait to get to the studio."
 Frontman Jordan Pundik also praised Hoppus. He commented in Alternative Press magazine, "He had a lot of really cool ideas as far as bass lines and bass tones and things like that, and he also came up with some really cool harmonies for vocals. But he wasn't really there to tell us what to do. It was more like a collaborative. It was nice to have him there because he's not just a producer. He was in a band that kind of set the tone for bands like New Found Glory and a lot of the newer bands." Gilbert meanwhile, spoke of the band's desire to concentrate solely on their music; "Lately in music, especially in our scene, I feel like there has been a lot of emphasis on the look, and I feel now there is a lot less emphasis on the song and a lot more on the album packaging or the color of the shirts the band is wearing and the style of their hair. I just hope people get this record and say 'Wow, this is a straightforward album with pure emotion and pure adrenaline' and it's a record with five guys, who look like guys".

Composition
The album's overall sound was seen as a "return to form", going back to the band's faster and energetic roots. This was mainly because previous album, Coming Home, was viewed as a more mellow, mid-tempo and sentimental record. Fans made comparisons with the band's eponymous second album, while critics often noted a growing maturity. Mike Demante of the Houston Chronicle reported that, "Not Without a Fight is full of those catchy choruses and gang vocals that fans have come to love. The album is a return to form, whilst still incorporating the indie-rock of its Geffen records' swan song, Coming Home, and last year's melodic hardcore EP Tip of the Iceberg." Brendan Manley of Alternative Press said that, "opening track, "Right Where We Left Off," builds upon a chunky guitar riff that recalls classic NFG, yet surprises with smart, subtle rhythmic twists. NFG's true maturity though, shines in the album's skillful composition that offers up instant classics like "Heartless At Best"." The A.V. Club critic Aaron Burgess was in agreeance; "Maturity remains a guiding principle on Not Without A Fight—the band strikes a keen balance between hard-hitting, soft-hearted, youthfully exuberant, and all grown up." Kelly Knickerbocker of the Dallas Observer also noted, "Heartbreak bodes well for creative processes, it seems. Not Without A Fight is full of performances by pissed-off dudes who are taking it back to their roots: raw punk-pop, with crafty and sometimes cynical lyrics."

The metaphor for the album title was described by Gilbert as "our personal war and the wars that you have in relationships with your loved ones. When you want something bad enough in life you have to fight for it. That's like with our band. We love being in this band, and we'll do whatever it takes to continue." Drummer Cyrus Bolooki further explained, "I think it just kind of goes in with the whole idea that we've been around for a while, and we really feel like a resurgence for us that after eleven years now we're still relevant. We're on tours with bands like Four Year Strong, A Day To Remember and you know, a lot of these bands maybe first got into bands like us, so it's almost like another generation." Musically, Gilbert explained that unlike the harmony-driven Coming Home, the band wanted to return to a more energetic style both because of the embittered lyrics and the need to translate songs live. "We love [the songs off] Coming Home, but live we couldn't really rock out to them. And that's what we love. So I think naturally I was wanting rhythms that I knew I'd have fun playing live." He supported this by explaining the band's desire to alternate between albums; "Every album New Found Glory's released is different in its own way, and we'll continue to work that way. When we write albums, whatever comes out, comes out. We're always real, and I think that's why we still have the fans we do." Much of the lyrical themes also come in contrast to Coming Home, largely due to divorces that Pundik and Gilbert went through since writing the previous album, as well as their departure from Geffen Records. Most topics deal with reflection and bitterness towards the former relationships. Gilbert found the best way to express these emotions was to revisit the fast-paced style of the band's earlier days. "The truth of the matter is that when we did Coming Home we were all in love. I was engaged, Jordan was engaged, But since that time my relationship failed, Jordan's relationship failed and going into this record we had a lot of angst. We didn't aim to make a faster, more energetic record. That's just what really came out because of our natural emotion."

Release and promotion

Upon completion of the album, the band were in a position to present songs to various record labels. Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz, already a keen admirer of the band, signed them to his long running independent label Epitaph Records in September 2008, with a view to release the album in February 2009. In September and October 2008, New Found Glory went on a US tour, dubbed the Easycore Tour, with International Superheroes of Hardcore, A Day to Remember, Four Year Strong and Crime in Stereo. On October 13, 2008, Bolooki revealed that the album would be titled Not Without a Fight. He said it "kind of goes in with the whole idea that we've been around for a while and we really feel like a resurgence for us that after eleven years now we're still relevant." In November 2008, they went on a UK tour with Set Your Goals and Four Year Strong. The first single from the album was "Listen to Your Friends", and was released through iTunes on December 23. On January 6, 2009, the album's artwork and track listing were posted online. "Listen to Your Friends" was released to radio on January 27, 2009. Over a month before its official release, the album leaked online. In response to this, guitarist Chad Gilbert stated although he was disappointed, he was happy for his band's music to be heard by any means: "As far as the leaking thing. If my favorite bands CD came out early online I would download it too. I will still buy it though because when I love a band I've got to have the album packaging and artwork. The whole building up to release date loses a bit of its excitement but to be honest, the fans that would go out of their way to download it are the true fans that go out of their way to buy merch and are the ones that will know the words first and sing every song at the show." In February and March, the band toured Australia as part of the Soundwave festival.

Not Without a Fight was made available for streaming through the band's Myspace profile on March 3, 2009, before being released through Epitaph Records on March 10, 2009. The vinyl edition of the album was released through independent label Bridge Nine Records. The Japanese edition of the album included "I'm the Fool" as a bonus track. A music video for "Listen to Your Friends" premiered on the same day. Between late March and early May, the band went on headlining tour of the US with support from Set Your Goals, Bayside and Shai Hulud. Verse were originally supposed to support New Found Gloiry, however, they unexpectedly broke up, resulting in Shai Hulud taking their place. On April 18, Shai Hulud left the tour and were replaced by Fireworks. New Found Glory appeared at The Bamboozle festival in early May. During the summer, the band made appearances for major festivals at the Rock AM Ring in Germany and Reading and Leeds in England.  Soon afterwards, Bolooki confirmed they had finished shooting the video for second single "Don't Let Her Pull You Down". The video premiered on October 15, and was released on October 20 on 7-inch vinyl. In October and November 2009, the band embarked on a headlining US tour; they were due to end the year supporting Dashboard Confessional, but that act cancelled their tour citing family issues. An acoustic tour was instead scheduled with Dashboard Confessional, running through December 2009.

Touring continued well into 2010, with the band headlining the Slam Dunk Festival along with Alkaline Trio and Capdown. Later in June, it was announced the band were shooting the video for "Truck Stop Blues", acting as promotion for the band's appearance on the Honda Civic Tour between July and September 2010. The video was later released via the band's Twitter and Facebook pages on 21 July. In between dates of the Honda Civic Tour, the band played headlining shows in smaller venues alongside Lemuria and the Wonder Years.

Critical reception

Not Without a Fight garnered mostly positive reviews from music critics, as it has gained a 61 out of 100. Joe DeAndrea, staff reviewer for AbsolutePunk, awarded a score of 86%. He said of the band that, "on Not Without a Fight, it's clear that New Found Glory still haven't lost their knack of creating an album with sing-a-long choruses and memorable guitar riffs that fans will love." He described the songs as "energy filled" and noted the album was "another breath of fresh air within a genre saturated with vocoder and neon. Andrew Leahey, in his review for Allmusic, awarded the album 3½ stars out of five. He praised the "mature performance" of frontman Jordan Pundik; "Unlike his younger pop-punk contemporaries, though, Pundik no longer seems smitten with the idea of a happy relationship. There are precious few traces of the urgent, here's-to-the-night ethos that other groups champion so heartily. Taken as a whole, Not Without a Fight is a pleasant listen, mature in its outlook, and happily adolescent in its vigor".

Alternative Press journalist Brendan Manley also awarded a score of 3½ stars out of five and claimed, "throughout Fight, it's the guitars, fueled by drummer Cyrus Bolooki's frenetic tempos, that exude the greatest return to form. From "47," with its near-speed-metal breakdown to the raucous "I'll Never Love Again" to the fluid, Tom DeLonge-esque guitar lines in "Truck Stop Blues," it becomes abundantly clear that guitarists Chad Gilbert and Steve Klein have rediscovered their mojo and have come to rock." Despite stating that the album lacked consistency in the latter half, he summarised that, "the record is a reminder of why we fell in love with NFG in the first place and for many of us, that's enough." Billboard magazine were also favourable, stating, "With Blink-182/+44 bassist Mark Hoppus producing, Fight does pack a wallop, enveloping frontman Jordan Pundik's angsty relationship paeans on a dozen compact, dynamic and hooky tracks in a mere 35 minutes". Alex Hofford of North Carolina State University-based newspaper, the Technician, awarded the album 4½ stars out of five in his review. He called the album a "paradigm of the pop-punk craze from earlier in the decade", while noting, "New Found Glory has successfully combined the sounds from their previous ventures into one sonically cohesive album. Even when the band wants to slow down the pace with more melodic songs like "Reasons" and "Heartless At Best," they don't ruin the flow of the album. This is one "fight" you shouldn't miss." Q magazine writer Dave Everley awarded the album a "good" three out of five stars, opining that, "New Found Glory's newfound maturity makes for a palatable record that will soothe lovelorn rockers. It may not be their defining release, but its a reminder as to why the fivesome have garnered such a devout following."

Rock Sound magazine were highly impressed and gave a score of nine out of ten, lauding the album as the band's best work to date. Andrew Kelham opined that, "each song is a thick cut of pop punk played to perfection by a group of musicians who have taken a genre by the throat and defined it with their sound". The A.V. Club critic Aaron Burgess awarded the album a "B" grade and remarked; "the loud-guitar and crunching-rhythm style that drives the album, demonstrates that, softening middle years be damned, New Found Glory still hits hard enough to matter". Adam Webb, staff writer for Ultimate-Guitar was also largely favourable in his review, awarding a score of 8.3/10. He commented that the band had, "created a rockin' pop punk album that shows just why they stand so tall above the crowd of uneventful scenesters that is the tragedy of the music scene today". Hailing the band as the "undisputed kings of pop punk", he finalised his review by adding, "You'd be clinically insane not to give this album a go. Either that or you're blind, deaf and dumb. In which case you have a valid reason and a much bigger problem at hand". However, other reviews were less receptive. Tom Bryant of British magazine Kerrang! was critical of the album's sound asking "whether this is a sound of a brand trying to recapture the past; a band having a midlife crisis." In his review for Rocklouder!, critic John Webber noted that "By no means is this a bad record; in fact it easily lays waste to most releases in the same vain this side of Coming Home, but when held up against such a stunning back catalogue, it is certainly not an essential purchase for any new fans." PopMatters echoed this sentiment by writing, "It doesn't mean they've made a bad album here, just a predictable one. Attempting a traditionalist record in any genre is a game of constraints, and those constraints are fully felt on Not Without a Fight."

Accolades

Track listing
All songs written and composed by New Found Glory.

Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic.

New Found Glory
 Jordan Pundik – lead vocals
 Chad Gilbert – lead guitar, backing vocals
 Steve Klein – rhythm guitar, lyrics
 Ian Grushka – bass
 Cyrus Bolooki – drums, percussion

Production
 Mark Hoppus – producer
 Chris Holmes – engineering
 Neal Avron – mixing
 Ted Jensen – mastering
 Ryan Russell – photography
 Sons of Nero – art direction, design

Chart positions

Release history

References

External links

Not Without a Fight at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)

2009 albums
New Found Glory albums
Epitaph Records albums
Bridge 9 Records albums
Albums produced by Mark Hoppus
Albums with cover art by Sons of Nero


Balnapaling  () is a village on the north side of the Cromarty Firth, opposite Cromarty, located in eastern Ross-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

References

Populated places in Ross and Cromarty


Reginald Henry Markham Burton (23 March 1900 – 19 October 1980) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Warwickshire. He was born in Leamington and died in Rugby.

Burton made a single first-class appearance, during the 1919 season, against Worcestershire, at the age of 19. Batting in the middle order, he scored 47 runs in the only innings in which he batted, as the game finished in a draw.

Burton made four Minor Counties Championship appearances between 1931 and 1933.

External links
Reginald Burton at CricketArchive

1900 births
1980 deaths
English cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Sportspeople from Leamington Spa


State Route 396 (SR 396) is a state highway in Pershing County, Nevada serving the city of Lovelock.  The highway forms a portion of Interstate 80 Business within the city of Lovelock, and previously carried the alignment of former U.S. Route 40 and U.S. Route 95.

Route description

SR 396 begins at the West Lovelock interchange with Interstate 80 and U.S. Route 95. The route follows Cornell Avenue north into the center of the town. The highway crosses Main Street (SR 398) and continues along Cornell Avenue to its end at a five-point intersection with 14th Street, Airport Road (SR 856) and Upper Valley Road near the Lovelock city limits. Here, State Route 396 turns to follow Upper Valley Road.

As the route heads northeast out of Lovelock, the surroundings become more rural in nature with open farmland on both sides of the highway. The highway also parallels the Union Pacific railroad tracks for some distance. Eventually, SR 396 turns east to intersect I-80 again at the Coal Canyon interchange, where the route terminates.

The Cornell Avenue portion of State Route 396 also carries a portion of Lovelock's Interstate 80 Business Loop. The business route diverges from SR 396 at 14th Street, following Airport Road back to I-80.

History

SR 396 was originally part of State Route 1 (SR 1). That route, designated with the passage of Nevada's first highway law in 1917, created a highway route across northern Nevada from California to Utah which passed through Lovelock. With the adoption of the U.S. Highway System in 1926, US 40 was eventually added concurrently with SR 1.

With the advent of the Interstate Highway system, Interstate 80 (I-80) gradually replaced US 40 across northern Nevada and was removed from Lovelock by 1976. Also around this time, the Nevada Department of Transportation was beginning to renumber its highways, eliminating the State Route 1 designation and redesignating the Lovelock portion on Cornell Avenue and Upper Valley Road as State Route 396. Even though the cross-state designations of US 40 and SR 1 had been eliminated by the mid-1970s, construction of the Interstate 80 freeway in Lovelock was not started until 1981, so through traffic continued to use SR 396 in the city.

Major intersections

See also

References

396
Transportation in Pershing County, Nevada
Interstate 80
U.S. Route 40
U.S. Route 95


Soo Line 2713 is an H-21 class 4-6-2 steam locomotive that was built for the Wisconsin Central Railway in May 1911. The WC had fallen under the control of the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway (“Soo Line”) in 1909, and the locomotive fleets of both railroads were operated in a single pool.

The 2713 was used to power the Soo Line and Wisconsin Central passenger trains in Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota. It was retired in 1955, and since 1957, has been on display in Veterans Memorial Park in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States.  With it is Soo Line Caboose 99052, built in 1908 for the Wisconsin Central Railway, their No. 158.

References

External links
 Soo Line 2713 website

2713
ALCO locomotives
4-6-2 locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Preserved steam locomotives of Wisconsin
Railway locomotives introduced in 1911
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States


As an important part of the national sustainable development strategy, the development of advanced materials is advancing the competitive nature and state of the art for Chinese industry. The State has put advanced materials high on its development agenda for the next decade and listed it among the key high-tech industry sectors that would be given priority for development by the State Council. At present, the pace of building China's advanced materials industry is accelerating. Advanced materials have been key fields in China's national R&D system (National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) and National Basic Research Program (973 Program)).

R&D leaders
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures
National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
National Industrial Ceramics Engineering Technology Center
The State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing

Domestic leaders
Dongxin Seals Co., Ltd
Zibo HuaChuang Fine Ceramics Co., Ltd
Shenzhen Upcera Co., Ltd
Yixing Nonmetallic Chemical Machinery Factory
Sinoma Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.
Beijing Tsinghua Unisplendor Founder High-Tech Ceramics Co. Ltd
Beijing Trend Aofu Fine Ceramics Co., Ltd.
Elite Ceramic (Beijing) Co., Ltd
Shenyang Starlight Advanced Ceramics Co., Ltd
Fenghua Feigu Kaiheng Seal Technologies Co., Ltd.
Luoyang Bearing Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
Yixing Haldenwanger Fine Ceramic Co., Ltd.
Shandong Far East High-technological Material Co., Ltd.
Zibo GT Industrial Ceramics Co., Ltd.
Wuxi Murata Electronics Co., Ltd.
Guangdong Jin Gang New Materials Co., Ltd.
Dalian Dayou Advanced Ceramic Co., Ltd.
Fenghua Advanced Technology (Holding) Co., Ltd
Zhejiang Jiakang Electronics Co., Ltd
Jiangsu Jiangjia Electronics Co., Ltd.
Jiangsu Baotong Electronic & Technology Co., Ltd
Chengdu Hongming Electronics Co., Ltd.
Zhejiang Zhengyuan Electric Co., Ltd.
Chaozhou Three-Circle (Group) Co., Ltd
Leatec Fine Ceramics (Kunshan) Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Bio-lu Biomaterials Co., Ltd
National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
Hunan Gongchuang Bio-functional Materials Co., Ltd.
Wuhan Huawei Bio Materials Engineering Development Co., Ltd.

International leaders
Saint-Gobain Zirpro (Handan) Co., Ltd
Shanghai Nicera Sensor Co., Ltd
Shanghai KYOCERA Electronics Co., Ltd.
Weifang Huamei Fine Ceramics Co., Ltd
Germany FCT (Tangshan) Technical Ceramics Co., Ltd
Corning Shanghai Co., Ltd

See also
Advanced Materials journal
Materials science

Industry in China


Bogroy is a small crofting village, located 0.5 miles northwest of  Carrbridge, in Strathspey, in the county of  Inverness-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. It lies off the A9 road on the A938 road, west of Skye of Curr, east of Findhom Bridge and northwest of Boat of Garten. The Dulnain river passes close to Bogroy.

References

Populated places in Badenoch and Strathspey


Julio César Arzú (born 5 June 1954) a.k.a. Tile is a retired Honduran football player.

Club career
Nicknamed Tile, Arzú has played for Honduran side Real España, in Spain for Racing de Santander and had a spell with ADET in El Salvador. With España he once kept successive clean sheets totalling 686 minutes.

International career
Arzú has represented Honduras at the 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship. He played for the senior squad in 13 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and was their starting goalkeeper at the 1982 FIFA World Cup Finals in Spain.

Personal life
Arzú currently trains the female junior varsity team at Escuela Internacional Sampedrana. He was briefly the Goalkeeping Coach for the national team in the 2006 World Cup Qualification.

References

External links
 Pictures - La Prensa

1954 births
Living people
People from Tela
Honduran men's footballers
Honduras men's international footballers
Honduran expatriate men's footballers
1982 FIFA World Cup players
Real C.D. España players
Racing de Santander players
C.D. Olimpia players
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras players
La Liga players
Honduran expatriate sportspeople in El Salvador
Honduran expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in El Salvador
CONCACAF Championship-winning players
Men's association football goalkeepers


Thomas Corcoran, (November 16, 1931 – June 27, 2017), better known as Tom Corcoran, was a four-time United States national champion in alpine skiing and a two-time Olympian.  In addition to seven years of international ski racing, Corcoran also raced competitively for Dartmouth College.

After his alpine racing career, Corcoran opened the Waterville Valley Resort in New Hampshire.  He served as an executive at the ski area until 1990.

Corcoran was inducted into the National Ski Hall of Fame in 1978 and was presented with the first New England Ski Museum Spirit of Skiing award in 2006. He died at Seabrook Island, South Carolina on June 27, 2017, at the age of 85.

See also
Waterville Valley Resort

References

External links
 Tom Corcoran – U.S. National Ski Hall of Fame
 Tom Corcoran Honored at Ski Museum New England Ski Museum

1931 births
2017 deaths
Alpine skiers at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Olympic freestyle skiers for the United States
American male alpine skiers


Miners Hill is a coming of age novel by the American writer Michael O'Malley set during the 1930s and 1940s in the fictional locale of Brasston, a steel town on the Monongahela River twenty miles south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

It tells the story of Pat Riley, whose mother would have him escape the life of the mills by entering the priesthood of the Roman Catholic Church.

References
 William C. Fitzgibbon (1962). New York Times: Book Review of Miners Hill. Retrieved November 13, 2008.

1962 American novels
Novels set in Pennsylvania
Catholic novels


Apparitions is a BBC drama about Father Jacob Myers, a priest of the Roman Catholic Church, played by Martin Shaw, who examines evidence of miracles to be used in canonisation but also performs exorcisms.

The series is written by Joe Ahearne.

Episodes

Episode 1
In Rome, a meeting is being held at the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. Father Jacob, a London priest and investigator of miracles for the Congregation, has presented a case that may lead to Mother Teresa's canonization: Vimal, a young man who is currently training to enter the priesthood, was cured of leprosy (without antibiotics) after praying to Mother Teresa.

Vimal was spontaneously cured when he was a child, just as Mother Teresa died, a miracle that has been offered as proof of her right to sainthood. But Vimal is soon visited by the apparition of a demon in the guise of a homeless man named Michael, and comes to realize that it was, in fact, demons who restored his flesh. He also feels that they are causing his homosexual thoughts.

Meanwhile, a little girl named Donna approaches Father Jacob, claiming that her father, Liam, is possessed. When Father Jacob approaches the girl's father with a request to perform an exorcism, Liam violently rejects the suggestion. When he finally does agree—in order to keep Father Jacob from telling Social Services that he struck Donna in a fit of anger—the event goes badly; the demons in Liam threaten and then attack Father Jacob, leaving the priest unconscious on the kitchen floor.

Liam phones his daughter and convinces her to meet him that night. The demons' plans to defile her are thwarted when Father Jacob and Monsignor Vincenzo arrive to perform a full exorcism. As they begin, the demons tell Father Jacob that if he continues the exorcism, they will 'take back' the miracle they performed for Vimal.

After Cardinal Bukovak rejects Vimal as a potential priest, the young man finds himself drawn to a men's bathhouse. While Vimal looks to finally satisfy his sexual urges, a possessed Michael appears and skins him alive. At the same time, Liam is freed of his possession by Jacob and Vincenzo, at the spot in Kensington Gardens where Donna was conceived at the exact moment of Mother Teresa's death.

Cast (in order of appearance)

 Father Jacob: Martin Shaw
 Vimal: Elyes Gabel
 Cardinal Bukovak: John Shrapnel
 Monsignor Vincenzo: Luigi Diberti
 Michael/Astaruth: Rick Warden
 Donna: Romy Irving
 Sister Anne: Michelle Joseph
 Sarah: Sarah-Jayne Steed
 Liam: Shaun Dooley

Episode 2

First Broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD, 20 November 2008 at 21:00

This episode immediately follows the first episode.  The father of the girl has been freed from his possession. However, Father Jacob now realizes that people close to him are being deliberately targeted by demons. The homeless man appears repeatedly, challenging Jacob to a kind of exorcism duel - they shall battle each other for supremacy and see who comes out on top, God or Lucifer. There are puzzles and clues that lead to some amalgam of the Holocaust, hell, heaven, the next Vatican exorcist, the usual stuff. This mystery leads Father Jacob into the past of Monsignor Vincenzo.  Meanwhile, Cardinal Bukovak begins to prevent Father Jacob from practicing future exorcisms.

Cast (in order of appearance)
 Father Jacob: Martin Shaw
 Sister Ruth: Siobhan Finneran
 Cardinal Bukovak: John Shrapnel
 Michael/Astaroth: Rick Warden
 Monsignor Vincenzo: Luigi Diberti
 Donna: Romy Irving
 Sister Anne: Michelle Joseph
 Sarah: Sarah-Jayne Steed
 Liam: Shaun Dooley
 DI Rachel: Stephanie Street

Episode 3

First Broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD, 27 November 2008 at 21:00

Father Jacob is called in by Father Daniel to investigate reports of demonic possession in a prison.  Father Jacob thinks it may be a case of possession by a saint and not a demon; the first in all of recorded church history.  Cardinal Bukovak begins to take a more active role in stopping Father Jacob's pursuit of performing exorcisms.

Cast (in order of appearance)

 Father Jacob: Martin Shaw
 Cardinal Bukovak: John Shrapnel
 Sister Ruth: Siobhan Finneran
 Michael/Astaruth: Rick Warden
 Father Daniel: David Gyasi
 Cory Wardell: Stephen Wight
 Governor Lassiter: Neil Pearson
 Kim Portman: Elizabeth Berrington
 Mrs. Wardell: Linda Holmes
 Fiona: Mia Fernandez
 Alessandro Serenelli: Federico Natoli

Episode 4

First Broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD, 4 December 2008 at 21:00

Father Jacob investigates two mysterious pregnancies at an abortion clinic.  One is a seventy-year-old woman and the other is a young girl that shows signs of demonic possession.

Cast (in order of appearance)

 Father Jacob: Martin Shaw
 Sister Ruth: Siobhan Finneran
 Michael/Astaruth: Rick Warden
 Dr. Janice Greely: Claudia Harrison
 Zoe Dayton: Karen Bryson
 Craig: Andy Dear
 Simon: Adrian Bower
 Lisa Sengrath: Jo Woodcock
 Pietro Fonti: Vernon Dobtcheff
 Rosa Fonti: Ruth Posner

Episode 5

First Broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD, 11 December 2008 at 21:00

Father Jacob investigates when a teenager claims to have visions of the Virgin Mary and sweats blood.  The boy's family is Muslim and he is convinced that his father is in Hell and only by forcing someone to do a reverse exorcism can his father be freed from Hell.  Father Jacob also learns more about Michael's mysterious past.  Meanwhile, Cardinal Bukovak arrives to rein in Father Jacob.

Cast (in order of appearance)

 Father Jacob: Martin Shaw
 Cardinal Bukovak: John Shrapnel
 Sister Ruth: Siobhan Finneran
 Michael/Astaruth: Rick Warden
 Monsignor Vincenzo: Luigi Diberti
 Zaid Kopavic: Jamie Blackley
 Imam Ahmed: Hassani Shapi
 Misal Kopavic: Patrick Knowles
 Sana Kopavic: Brana Bajic

Episode 6
First Broadcast simultaneously on BBC One and BBC HD, 18 December 2008 at 21:00

Possessed now and unable to pray, Jacob is stalked by Michael.  Cardinal Bukovak assigns Dr. Elaine Errison, an atheist psychologist, to assess Jacob. She believes that his religious beliefs (and Christianity) are a kind of mental illness.  After being relieved of his duties, Jacob leaves the seminary and stays in a hotel where a mysterious woman tells him that anyone who attempts to exorcise him will be killed.
With Jacob, Daniel and Ruth all reciting the prayer, Michael is vanquished, but in his final moments puts a bullet into Cardinal Bukovak, who is subsequently promoted for apparently attempting to defend the Pope. As he departs he makes it clear that he will continue to work to destroy the practice of exorcism, and Jacob implies that he is ready for Bukovak's efforts.

Cast (in order of appearance)

 Father Jacob: Martin Shaw
 Cardinal Bukovak: John Shrapnel
 Sister Ruth: Siobhan Finneran
 Michael/Astaruth: Rick Warden
 Father Daniel: David Gyasi
 Monsignor Vincenzo: Luigi Diberti
 Dr. Elaine Errison: Claire Price
 Girl: Antonia Whillans
 Woman: Cherie Lunghi
 Soprano: Josephine Amankwah

Ratings
The figures as quoted on Digital Spy for the first showing on BBC 1.

Episode 1 (Thursday 13 November 2008): 4.62 million (20.6% of audience share for the time slot)
Episode 2 (Thursday 20 November 2008): 2.88 million (12.6%)
Episode 3 (Thursday 27 November 2008): 2.71 million (11.6%)
Episode 4 (Thursday  4 December 2008): 3.12 million (13.2%)
Episode 5 (Thursday 11 December 2008): 3.01 million (14.1%)
Episode 6 (Thursday 18 December 2008): 3.08 million (14.5%)

Average for all 6: 3.23 million (14.4%) - down around 25% on the average viewing figures for this time slot (for example, the previous week's concluding episode of Silent Witness got 6.1 million viewers in the same time slot)

Title sequence
The opening credits sequence, designed by Simon A. J. Cox, shows a weeping statue of Mary against a background of London with cars passing.

References

External links

 Press pack from BBC

 Critical review of Apparitions on "Twisted Tales"

BBC television dramas
British supernatural television shows
British horror fiction television series
British religious television series
2000s British drama television series
2008 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
Television series by All3Media
Television shows about exorcism
Television shows set in Vatican City
2000s British horror television series


The Kintla Lake Ranger Station in Glacier National Park is a rustic log structure that was built by the Butte Oil Company in 1900 at Kintla Lake. It was taken over by the National Park Service and used as a ranger station. It is significant as a remnant of early oil exploration activities in the Glacier area. A boathouse was built by the National Park Service in 1935 to the same design as the boathouses at Upper Lake McDonald and Saint Mary ranger stations. A fire cache cabin, identical to those at Logging Creek, Polebridge and Lake McDonald ranger stations was built in 1934.

References

Ranger stations in Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Houses completed in 1900
Log cabins in the United States
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Rustic architecture in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
1900 establishments in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier National Park
Petroleum in Montana
Petroleum infrastructure in the United States


My World, My Way is the fourth studio album by American rapper Silkk the Shocker, released on February 27, 2001 on No Limit Records and Priority Records in the United States. The album was produced by a variety of producers including Donald XL Robertson and Myke Diesel.

Singles
"He Did That", produced by Donald XL Robertson made it to #13 on the Hot R&B/Hip Hop Singles & Tracks.
"That's Cool" was a huge success making it to #8 on the Top/Hip Hop Singles & Tracks.

Track listing

Sample credits

"That's Cool"
"Human Beat Box" by Fat Boys
"Seem Like a Thug"
"How Deep Is Your Love" by Dru Hill feat. Redman

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Singles
He Did That

Pop Lockin

That's Cool

Personnel
Credits adapted from Allmusic.

C-Murder - Composer, Guest Artist
Jodi Cohen - Design
Myke Diesel  - Composer, Producer
DJ Ron - Producer
Erica Fox - Performer,   Composer
Goldie Loc  Composer, Performer, Primary Artist
Ke'Noe  Producer
M.A.C. - Composer
Master P - Composer, Executive Producer, Guest Artist
Mystikal - Composer, Guest Artist, Performer, Primary Artist
Donald XL Robertson - Producer
Slay Sean - Composer
Short Circuit - Composer
Silkk the Shocker  - Performer, Composer
Snoop Dogg -  Guest Artist, Performer
Soopafly  - Producer
Carlos Stephens - Producer
Suga Bear -  Producer, Vocals
K. Taylor - Composer
Trina - Featured Artist, Primary Artist

References

2001 albums
Albums produced by Soopafly
Silkk the Shocker albums
No Limit Records albums
Priority Records albums


The 71st United States Colored Infantry Regiment was one of 170 United States Colored Troops (USCT) regiments raised by the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Service
Between 3 Mar and 13 Aug 1864, the 71st was organized in Black River Bridge and Natchez, MS, and at Alexandria, LA. It was attached to the District of Natchez, part of the District of Vicksburg, and was posted for the defenses of Natchez. They were disbanded on 8 Nov 1864, when it was consolidated with the 70th United States Colored Infantry Regiment.

Engagements
The 71st was involved in skirmishes during an expedition to Buck's Ferry between 19-22 Sept 1864.

See also
List of United States Colored Troops Civil War units

Notes

References

External links
Dyer, Frederick H. Compendium of the War of the Rebellion: Regimental Histories

United States Colored Troops Civil War units and formations
Military units and formations established in 1864
1864 establishments in the United States
Military units and formations disestablished in 1864


Sadiyan may refer to:
 Sədiyan, Azerbaijan
 Sadian, Iran
Sadiyaan, a 2010 Bollywood film


Love Will Lead the Way is the sixth studio album by Tongan-American family band The Jets, released in 1997 by Shadow Mountain Records.

Critical reception
AllMusic wrote that "while there's nothing earthshaking in terms of musical boundaries pushed, the album is recommended for its ease on the ears and soul."

Track listing
 "Forever with You" – 4:08
 "Tell Me I'm Not Wrong Again" – 4:34
 "Jacque's Friend" – 4:11
 "Love People" – 4:01
 "Whispers of My Heart" – 4:04
 "Love is the Answer" – 4:12
 "Love Will Lead the Way" – 4:08
 "Would I Know You" – 3:24
 "Face to Face" – 4:24
 "Prayer of the Heart" – 3:14
 "I Stand All Amazed" – 3:24

References

1997 albums
The Jets (band) albums


A holistic community (also referred to as closed or unitary community) is an ecosystem where species within the community are interdependent, relying on each other to maintain the balance and stability of the system. These communities are described as working like one unit, meaning that every species plays an important part in the overall well-being of the ecosystem in which the community resides; much like the organelles within a cell, or even the cells making up one organism. Holistic communities have diffused boundaries and an independent species range. Co-evolution is likely to be found in communities structured after this model, as a result of the interdependence and high rates of interaction found among the different populations. Species compositions of communities change sharply at environmental edges (known as ecotones).

Background
According to a widespread narrative, the ideas of a holistic ecological community were introduced by plant ecologist Frederic Clements in 1916, and countered by Henry Gleason in 1917, when he proposed the individualistic/open community concept (in applications to plants). However, this seems to be wrong in at least two essential respects:

 The concept of mutualistic organismic ecological community might firstly have been introduced by Eugenius Warming, a botanist and the main founder of the scientific discipline of ecology, who introduced the term “plantesamfund”, plant community (Warming 1895). At the beginning of the section “Communal life of organism” of his later book “Ecology of Plants” (Warming and Vahl 1909), Warming clearly emphasizes the importance of mutual dependence among coexisting species: “The manifold, complex, mutual relations subsisting among organisms are matters of such profound import to plant-life and plant-communities that this Section of our book is set apart for their consideration” (ibid.: 82). “In plant communities there is, it is true, often (or always) a certain natural dependence or reciprocal influence of many species upon one another; they give rise to definite organized units of a higher order” (ibid.: 95).
 Undoubtedly, Clements compares plant communities with organisms and calls them “complex organisms” and. later, “super organisms” as well. "However, Clements’s theory does not include the assumption that mutual dependence is a principle of the organisation of plant communities. Rather, he interprets plant communities as top-down control-hierarchical entities, in which the subordinate species depend on dominant species — but not the other way around. Therefore, his theory represents what may be called ‘control-hierarchical organicism’ as against ‘mutualistic organicism’."

While Warming might have been the first to propose an organismic theory of ecological communities, one of the first to elaborate such a theory has been the limnologist, zoologist and ecologist August Thienemann. According to Thienemann, a biocoenosis “is not just an aggregate, a sum of organisms that coexist in the same biotope owing to alike exogenous habitat conditions but a (supra-individual) whole, a togetherness and a for-each-other of organisms” (Thienemann 1939: 275). He even assumes that the members of a biocoenosis feature “specific mutual relations that are vital for their life” (ibid.: 268), whereby this mutual “bond either exists directly from organism to organism or operates indirectly by the medium of vitally created modifications of the physiographic conditions of the biotope” (Thienemann 1941: 105).

Neither organismic nor individualistic communities have been found to exist in nature in entirety, both are theoretical concepts that can be applied to empirical communities. For example, a community's composition can be better explained by holism than individualism, or vice versa. This ecological concept is based on the broader concept of holism, which describes the functionality of any system as having many individual parts, all of which are extremely important to the system's viability.

"A community has been viewed as a super organism with integrity analogous to that of cells in an organism. This is the holistic or unitary view of a community, and one championed by Clements (1916). He regarded the community to be a highly integrated unit that operated very much within itself with little interaction with surrounding communities - a closed community."

"The holistic model considers all living beings as its subjects who are manifestations of the Absolute and part of the whole. It includes all relations that arise between them. The most efficient satisfaction of their interest is the most important designation of the holistic system (holistic community). The holistic community is equally responsible for the human development and for the harmonious evolution of all other subjects of holistic model. The subjects of holistic model are the following:

 Humankind
 Animals
 Plants
 Planet Earth
 Extraterrestrial beings
 Celestial bodies

This characteristic illustrates that the holistic model is universal and exceeds just human relations. It is not just humanistic but also respectful for all life in general. The necessity to identify the subjects in the frame of the whole is the first condition for the proper satisfaction of their interests. Without differentiating them and without knowing well how they function, it is impossible to conduct rational action which aims to fulfil the needs of everyone in the system and to refine their environment."

See also
 Organicism
 Organic unity
 Systems ecology

References

External links
 Holistic Community - Holistic Therapy Resources

Ecology


Brae of Achnahaird (Achadh na h-Àirde) is a small settlement at the head of Achnahaird Bay in Achiltibuie, Ullapool in Ross-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. The headland of Rubha Coigeach lies approximately 4 miles  to the north west.

References

Populated places in Ross and Cromarty


Metallurgical analysis (冶金分析, in Chinese) is a monthly science magazine based in Beijing, China. The magazine was founded in 1981. It is owned by Central Research Institute of Iron and Steel of China (中国钢铁研究总院). The publisher is the metallurgical analysis editorial department. The magazine mostly features articles on the chemical analysis.

Topics covered
Detecting and monitoring techniques for production process control
Sampling and sample preparation
On-line analysis and control
Surface and coating analysis
Health and environmental analysis
Quality control and laboratory management
Advanced reviews on different fields of material analysis & testing techniques
Standardization, certification, accreditation and verification.

In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny will be placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in material analysis.

References

External links

1981 establishments in China
Chinese-language magazines
Magazines established in 1981
Magazines published in Beijing
Science and technology magazines
Monthly magazines published in China


The Woman Taken in Adultery is a painting of 1644 by Rembrandt, bought by the National Gallery in London in 1824, as one of their foundation batch of paintings. It is in oil on oak, and 83.8 x 65.4 cm.

Rembrandt shows the episode of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery from the Gospel of Saint John.  In this scene, a few Jews, mainly Scribes and Pharisees, tried to catch Jesus condoning disobedience to the Jewish Law, knowing that Jesus pitied wrong-doers. To do this, they produced a woman who had been caught taking part in adultery. Then, they said "Teacher, this woman has been caught in the act of adultery. Now in the law Moses commanded us to stone such. What do you say about her?"  Jesus replied, "He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her" (John 8:3–7).

Rembrandt made Jesus appear taller than the other figures and more brightly lit. In contrast, the Jews are "in the dark" and appear lower. Symbolically, Jesus's height represents his moral superiority over those who attempted to trick him.

Painting materials

The painting was investigated by the scientists of the National Gallery London. Rembrandt employed his usual limited number of pigments, such as ochres, vermilion, red lakes, lead white, lead-tin-yellow and bone black.

See also
 List of paintings by Rembrandt

References

Paintings by Rembrandt
Paintings depicting Jesus
1644 paintings
Collections of the National Gallery, London
Paintings of women


The Nyack Ranger Station Historic District encompasses the remnants of the former ranger station. Only two buildings now remain: the barn, built in 1935 from plans by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Design, and the fire cache cabin, built by Austin Weikert in 1935.

References

Ranger stations in Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Rustic architecture in Montana
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana


Laulasi island is an artificial island in the Langa Langa Lagoon, South of Auki on the island of Malaita in the Solomon Islands. It is believed that hostilities among the inlanders of Malaita forced some people into the lagoon where over time they built their islands on sandbars after diving for coral. The religion of the island was based on prayers and offerings to the ghosts of dead ancestors, mediated by priests who kept their skulls and relics in tabu houses. Some ancestors were incarnated as sharks which protected their descendants. Langalanga is also the main source of the shell money now made in Solomon Islands.

History

In Malaita legend, the first settlement on the island began around 3,000 BC at a place called Siale. The first places in the Malaita area to be settled were Dukwasi (Kwara'ae speaking people), and the Asi (man-made islands) namely: Aoke, Kaloka and Rarata in Langa Langa lagoon, Laulasi, Alite Koalia and Gwa'ata – Ta'alulolo.

It is also believed the early settlers originated from Mt. Kolovrat (Alasa'a), the highest peak on the main Malaita Island. The early settlers were believed to be castaways from the Alasa'a community. Some said they chose not to return to Alasa´a because of the distance. It is an approximately two days walk. And the main reason why they came is to fish and in search for other sea foods in the island of Launasi meaning I'm stuck now known as Laulasi. From then they named the island Launasi in relation to the expression.

After they had settled, other people began to arrive from different parts of Malaita and outside to settle in the Langalanga lagoon. They came from Small Malaita, Florida (Ngella), some came from the northern part of Guadalcanal believed to be from Longuvalasi area and others from the northern region of Malaita. Through inter-marriages, their descendants spread to the whole of the Langalanga lagoon. Certain cultural features or Tambu House (Place of the first settlements) are still preserved which attest to the settlement patterns that were made.

1800 to 1900

In 1892 the Queensland government Australia abandoned the Pacific labour trade known as Blackbirding and in 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia enacted the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 which facilitated the deportation of Pacific Islanders that was the precursor to the White Australia policy.

Britain was provided with a "plausible excuse for protecting the Solomons" and so protecting their labour reserves. By declaring a protectorate, the British were able to justify keeping out other colonial powers.

In 1893 then Gibson of HMS Curacoa (1854) sailed around the islands to declare a protectorate with the only opposition by the Laulasi villages who refused the British flag. When Gibson asked why the flag was refused, the villages were afraid that their acceptance of it would signify to the bush people that by aligning themselves with Britain the lagoon dwellers were preparing for war and this would lead the bush people discontinuing trade with the lagoon people, who had no gardens and were dependent on food.

1911 – Author Jack London

American author Jack London travelled to Langa Langa in a yacht in 1908.

"We ran down the lagoon from Langa Langa, between mangrove swamps through passages scaresly wider than the Monota, and passed the reef villages of Kaloka and Auki. Like the founders of Venice, these salt water men were originally refugees form the mainland. Too weak to hold their own in the bush, survivors of village massacres, they fled to the sand banks of the lagoon. These sand banks they built up into islands and they were compelled to seek their provender from the sea. They developed canoo bodies, unable to walk about, spending all their time in the canoos, they became thick armed and broad shouldered with narrow waists and frail legs" (p 138).

"I sailed in the teak-built ketch, the Minota, on a blackbirding cruise to Malaita, and I took my wife along. The hatchet-marks were still raw on the door of our tiny stateroom advertising an event of a few months before. The event was the taking of Captain Mackenzie's head, Captain Mackenzie, at that time, being master of the Minota.... As we sailed in to Langa-Langa on the shore side of the lagoon, was Binu, the place where the Minota was captured a year previously and her captain killed by the bushmen of Malaita, having been hacked to pieces and eaten" (p 135).

"He(Mackenzie) believed in kindness. He also contended that better confidence was established by carrying no weapons. On his second trip to Malaita, recruiting,he ran into Bina, which is near Langa Langa. The rifles with which the boat's-crew should have been armed, were locked up in his cabin. When the whale-boat went ashore after recruits, he paraded around the deck without even a revolver on him. He was tomahawked. His head remains in Malaita. It was suicide.

The Log of the Snark states:

"..still bore the tomahawk marks where the Malaitans at Langa Langa several months before broke in for the trove of rifles and ammunition locked therein, after bloodily slaughtering Jansen's predecessor, Captain Mackenzie. The burning of the vessel was somehow prevented by the black crew, but this was so unprecedented that the owner feared some complicity between them and the attacking party. However, it could not be proved, and we sailed with the majority of this same crew. The present skipper smilingly warned us that the same tribe still required two more heads from the Minota, to square up for deaths on the Ysabel plantation (p 387).

"Three fruitless days were spent at Su'u. The Minota got no recruits from the bush and the bushmen got no heads from the Minota. We towed out with a whaleboat and ran along the coast to Langa Langa, a large village of salt-water people built with labour on a sand bank – literally built up".

World War II

On the morning of 7 August 1942 (same date as the US Landings on Guadalcanal),

"..seven US planes bombed the island. The reason was due to an error namely that the Americans mistook Laulasi for the Japanese camp at Afufu in North Malaita. Which resulted in the killing 24 children, destroying the shell money industry and the incident still remains the subject of an unresolved compensation claim".

The British resident commissioner wrote in his diary:

"7 US planes bombed Laulasi village – 18 killed – most inexplicable as no enemy repeorted there"(Marchant 7 Aug 1942)

"The bombing of Laulasi island was the worst loss of civilian lives in the entire Solomon Islands conflict".

Cultural Practices and Beliefs

"The LangaLanga and Kwara'ae people more or less have the same cultural and traditional practices and follow the same chiefly system. Male children for example are more valued than females because they will continue with the line or tribe. Girls are not so preferred because they leave the community when they get married. Boys are separated from their parents when they are around 12 or 13 years old to live separate in the men's houses. Around that age, they are taught by the fathers basic important skills such as fishing, building houses, making canoes or cutting and sewing sago palm leaves".

"Girls on the other hand, they stay with their mother and taught household cores such as cooking, weeding around the house, cleaning and looking after their younger brothers of sisters. One of the important things that girls learn at an early age too is how to make shell money".

Historically, chiefs in the Langalanga lagoon are looked upon as very important in uniting communities. Normally, chiefs are chosen from chiefly tribes or clan. Villages in the past used to have threes chiefs, Fa'atabu who makes offering and communicated with the spirits and ancestors, the Ramo is responsible for tribal warfare and Waenotolo is the chief responsible for controlling, organising, leadership and uniting the whole community.

Priests in Laulasi live in "spirit houses," and when they die, their bodies are taken to the nearby village of Alite to decompose, after which the skulls are brought back and placed in a "house of skulls."

On the side of the island is an inlet where custom priests calls the sharks to come to the surface. The sharks are re-incarnation of the people's ancestors who died many years before. They also offer sacrifices to the sharks in the form of pigs. Ordinary men are not allowed to visit the shark site unless invited by the custom priest.

According to local legend, a fisherman whose boat capsizes at sea may call on a shark to rescue him; after being rescued and returned to shore, he must sacrifice a pig, or else the shark will eat him next time he goes out to sea.

By the 1960s many of the LangaLanga villages were Christian. Many of the communities previously sited on the artificial islands had been shifted to the mainland, with encouragement from the missionaries anxious to promote a clean break with the pagan past, and inducement in the form of greater access to land for subsistence farming.

Last Pagan priest

In 1980, Moses Beogo who was the last Pagan priest (Fata'abu) on Laulasi and the last to perform the shark calling tradition, died. His skull is kept with the skulls of the other priests.

Tourism

A report on the British Solomon Islands dated 1972 states:
"where the traditional process of making shell money and other island activities may be observed, once again proved popular with the tourists".

In 1981 a symposium in the then U.S.S.R heard of Solomon Islands that:

"One of the more successful ventures in the tourist industry is Laulasi Adventure Tours Ltd"

In 1982 a research paper by the Australian National University claimed:

"Laulasi has become one of the notable tourist attractions of the South Pacific – with all the predictable consequences for the integrity of the ancestral religion and the fabric of community social life. Moreover, the expatriate entrepreneurs were Baha'is, and offered a ready-made religious accommodation between ancestors and capitalism".

In 1997 an author stated:

"Laulasi village, at the centre of the lagoon, makes a business of being nice to visitors. A real business, because it charges more than a Disneyland ticket to tread its man made shores".

In 2006 The Last Heathen by Charles Montgomery concludes that for this he was expecting to find a volatile mixture of the tribal, pagan religion and Christianity. He found a comfortable hybrid instead, the two religions living in harmony.

In November 2008 on an invitation from the Laulasi community a delegation from RAMSI was invited to attend to officiate the "re-opening" of the Laulasi Tourist Industry. Members took footage and photographs with a view of assisting with publicity. The delegation was escorted to the dock with a traditional war canoe trailing and a 10-seat war canoe leading with the latter being Laulasi women singing a traditional welcome song.

On arrival at the dock, warriors confronted the delegation until a sum of shell money was presented to the warriors as a sign of peace. Once this gift was received the village girls offered the delegation refreshments.

The men of the delegation were permitted to tour the three "apartments" that each represented a tribe. In each apartment, the skulls of past priests were laid atop one another. Once this tour concluded, the delegation was presented with a display of song and dance and formalities and a demonstration of the minting process of the shell money. The village women then sang as the delegation sailed away.

Boatbuilding

The Annual Report on the British Solomon Islands dated 1953 states
"..a flourishing boat building industry has been established and cutters are being built for the inter-island trade. A boatbuilding school has been established.

Generally, the Lanagalanga people are very skilful boat builders. It can be said that it is unique to the constituency. In the early stages people used to build dingies. Later, with improvements in skills, they built what they referred to as 'CARTER BOATS' which is sharp at both ends. They used sails to travel around Malaita and to other Islands such as Gudalcanal and Isabel. Commercial boat building in the constituency started in the 1960s around the time when the Government established a boat building school in Auki. Mr. Frank Faulker who used to teach at the school and who now settled in Auki, is said to be the main person behind the success of the industry in Langalanga.

Shell Money

The history of shell-money making in the langa langa lagoon is patchy. Stories retold from myths said that the first person to introduce shell money to the Langalanga lagoon was a woman from Buin in Bougainville. She was banish and floated in a coconut shell from Buin to Guadalcanal and finally to Malaita and landed at Tafilo a village at Lalana near Laulasi. Traditionally, there had been substantive trade between the Langalanga people and people from Buin in shell money until the emergence of the Bougainville crises. Most of the private ship owners from the constituency generated capital through shell money trade to build their ships. They took shell money to Buin and traded it for cash and used the cash to build wooden boats.

As the production rate increased, shell resources were depleted, particularly in Langalanga lagoon. Even in the 1970s some types of shell were rare.

Four different types of shell are used in making shell money, A red lipped rock oyster called Romu (chama pacifica), white shell known as Kee (Beguina semi-orbiculata), black horse mussel shells called Kurila (Atrina vexillum) and thick white disks from a rigid cockle known as Kakadu (Anadara granosa)

What makes this money valuable are the purple disks, whose number per string is carefully calculated and which are made from the lips of the Romu shell which the Langa Langa people collect twice a year from the lagoon areas of the clan of the Lau tribe. The chief of the Lau clan allows them to fish for the shells in exchange for half the money strings.

Notable people

 Bartholomew Ulufa'alu (25 December 1950 – 25 May 2007) was the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands from 27 August 1997 to 30 June 2000.

See also
 Youtube video of Laulasi Island

References

Islands of the Solomon Islands
Anthropology
World War II sites in the Solomon Islands
History of the Solomon Islands
Exploration of Asia
Articles containing video clips


Love People is the fifth studio album by Tongan-American family band The Jets, released on September 5, 1995. It was released by the band's own independent label, Liberty Park Records.

It was the first release from the band in over 6 years, their previous record being 1989's "Believe".

Track listing
 "Love People"
 "Need Your Love"
 "One More Try"
 "Ooh Baby"
 "Trust Me"
 "No Time to Lose"
 "Moonlight"
 "Sweet Melody"
 "Everybody Dance"
 "Keep Believing"
 "Never Love Again"
 "I Stand All Amazed"

References

1995 albums
The Jets (band) albums


Jessica Combs (July 27, 1980  – August 27, 2019) was an American professional racer, television personality, and metal fabricator. She set a women's land speed class record (four wheels) in 2013 and broke her own record in 2016. She was known as "the fastest woman on four wheels".

She co-hosted the Spike TV show Xtreme 4x4 for more than 90 episodes from 2005 to 2009. Other television shows on which she appeared include Overhaulin', Mythbusters, The List: 1001 Car Things To Do Before You Die, All Girls Garage, and Science Channel's How to Build... Everything in 2016.

Combs died after crashing a jet-powered high-speed race car at the Alvord Desert in southeastern Oregon while attempting to beat her four-wheel land speed record. She was posthumously awarded the female land-speed world record by Guinness World Records in June 2020.

Early life and education
Combs was born in Rockerville, South Dakota, on July 27, 1980, the daughter of Jamie Combs and Nina Darrington. The family moved to Piedmont, South Dakota, when she was two years old. She had two siblings, Kelly Combs and Danielle Theis, and three step-siblings, Rebekah Hall, Arielle Hall, and Austin Darrington. Combs' great-grandmother was Nina DeBow, a jazz pianist who raced Stanley Steamers.

She graduated from Stevens High School in 1998. Combs graduated from WyoTech in 2004, where she attended the Collision and Refinishing Core Program, the Street Rod Fabrication and Custom Fabrication, and High-Performance Powertrain programs.  Following her graduation, Combs' first professional job came after the WyoTech marketing department hired another student and her to build a car from the ground up in six months to debut at the Specialty Equipment Marketing Association's  show.

Career

Racing

As a professional driver, Combs raced in a range of events and enjoyed many successes.

 2011 – SCORE Baja 1000 – 2nd – Class 10
 2013 – Set women's land speed record – 398 mph with a top speed of 440 mph
 2014 – Ultra 4 Stampede – 1st – Legends Class
 2014 – Ultra 4 Glen Helen Grand Prix – 2nd – Spec Class
 2014 – Ultra 4 American Rock Sports Challenge – 3rd – Spec Class
 2014 – Ultra 4 Western Region Series – 1st – Spec Class
 2014 – Ultra 4 National Championship – 1st – Spec Class
 2014 – Ultra 4 King of the Hammers – 1st – Spec Class
 2015 – SCORE Baja 1000 – 2nd – Class 7
 2015 – Rallye Aicha des Gazelles (off-road rally race) – 1st – First Participation – 10th overall
 2016 – Ultra 4 King of the Hammers – 1st – EMC Modified Class
 2017 – Ultra 4 King of the Hammers – 12th – 4400 Class

On October 9, 2013, Combs drove the North American Eagle  Supersonic Speed Challenger at the Alvord desert, claiming the women's four-wheel land speed record with an official run of 398.954 mph (632 km/h) and a top speed of 440.709 mph (709 km/h). In doing so, she broke the 48-year-old women's land speed record, a  run average set by Lee Breedlove in Spirit of America - Sonic 1 in 1965. On September 7, 2016, Combs set a new top speed of  driving the other American Eagle.

Combs was also a 2014 Ultra 4 Spec Class National Champion with Falken Tire. In 2016, she took first place in King of the Hammers with the Savvy Off Road team in the EMC Modified Class and a 2017 12th-place finish in the Unlimited Class driving the same Stock Mod car.

Television

Combs hosted the SpikeTV television show Xtreme 4x4, a part of the Powerblock, for four years. Following an on-set accident, Combs announced in February 2008 that she would leave the show.

In 2009, Combs appeared in 12 episodes of the seventh season of MythBusters while Kari Byron was on maternity leave. She also appeared on Overhaulin'.

Starting in 2011, Combs hosted the Autoblog series The List: 1001 Car Things To Do Before You Die alongside co-host Patrick McIntyre.

From 2011 to 2014, Combs served as one of the hosts of All Girls Garage on Velocity (now Motor Trend network). The basis of the show was women repairing and upgrading new and classic automobiles.

In 2012, Combs became a co-host with Chris Jacobs for the sixth season of Overhaulin's relaunch on the Velocity and Discovery channels.

In 2018, Combs appeared on the Discovery Channel panel show Break Room.

Also in 2018, Combs appeared on an episode of Jay Leno's Garage as Jay Leno's guest driver of a Bugatti Chiron.

Released in 2022, The Fastest Woman on Earth details her career and land speed record attempt, filmed for seven years beginning in 2013.

Death
Combs died on August 27, 2019, after crashing a jet-powered car while setting a land speed record as part of the North American Eagle Project on a dry lake bed in the Alvord Desert, Oregon. The crash was caused by a failure of a front wheel, likely caused by hitting an object in the desert, which caused the front wheel assembly to collapse at a speed nearing . The official cause of death was determined to be "blunt-force trauma to the head" occurring prior to the fire that engulfed the race vehicle after the crash.

Combs' final run across Oregon's Alvord Desert on August 27 reached , before her crash, which broke the existing women's land speed record of , set in 1976 by Kitty O'Neil at the same location. This record was verified by Guinness World Records in June 2020.

References

External links

 The Jessi Combs Foundation
 Official Overhaulin'

1980 births
2019 deaths
American television personalities
American women television personalities
Actresses from South Dakota
Sportspeople from Rapid City, South Dakota
Racing drivers from South Dakota
Road incident deaths in Oregon
21st-century American women


John M. Greaney (born April 8, 1939) is a former Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and former Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Appeals Court.  After his judicial retirement, he served as Director of the Macaronis Institute for Trial and Appellate Advocacy at Suffolk University Law School.  He currently is in private practice as senior counsel at Bulkley Richardson in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Biography
John Greaney was born in Westfield, Massachusetts, on April 8, 1939.  He graduated from St Mary's High School, the College of the Holy Cross, and received a law degree from the New York University School of Law. After briefly serving in the military, Chief Justice Greaney joined the Springfield law firm of Ely and King until his appointment to the Hampden County Housing Court in 1974.

Greaney served as presiding judge in the Housing Court until Governor Michael Dukakis appointed him to the Superior Court in 1975, then to the Appeals Court in 1978.  He served as an associate justice until 1984, when he became the Appeals Court's chief justice.  In 1989, Greaney was appointed to the Supreme Judicial Court, where he served until his retirement in 2008.  In his time on the bench, he wrote a well-known concurrence in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health. In 2008, Justice Greaney retired from the court and was appointed director of the Macaronis Institute for Trial and Appellate Advocacy at Suffolk University Law School in Boston.

References

 Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly, Massachusetts Judicial Profiles

1939 births
Living people
People from Westfield, Massachusetts
College of the Holy Cross alumni
New York University School of Law alumni
Justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Judges of the Massachusetts Appeals Court
Massachusetts Superior Court justices
Judges of the Massachusetts Housing Court


Bloomberg Markets is a magazine published six times a year by Bloomberg L.P. as part of Bloomberg News. Aimed at global financial professionals, Bloomberg Markets publishes articles on the people and issues related to global financial markets. Bloomberg Markets, which is based in New York City, has readers in 147 countries. More than half of its readers live outside the U.S.

 the magazine had a circulation of 375,000 and was available for sale at bookstores and selected newsstands. All subscribers of the Bloomberg Professional service and the Bloomberg Terminal also receive Bloomberg Markets as part of their subscription. Newsstand sales averaged 6,154 in 2010.

History
Bloomberg Markets was launched in July 1992 as "Bloomberg: A Magazine for Bloomberg Users" and was originally intended to be a guide for the Bloomberg Professional service. Although every issue included instructions for navigating terminal functions, content also included articles about financial markets aimed at portfolio managers, corporate executives, brokers, bankers and securities traders. William Inman served as Bloomberg Markets founding editor.

In 1999, the magazine became part of Bloomberg News and Ronald Henkoff became editor. Prior to joining Bloomberg Markets, Henkoff worked as a reporter and editor at Newsweek and Fortune. Henkoff was tapped by Bloomberg News chief Matt Winkler to bolster the magazine's feature writing, which had not been a focus of the publication. In 2000, the magazine's name was changed to Bloomberg Markets and became available on newsstands.

In fall 2010, Bloomberg Markets was redesigned in an effort to attract a broader array of advertisers and expand its content. The redesign, led by Bloomberg Markets editor Ronald Henkoff and publisher Michael Dukmejian and developed by the firm of Priest + Grace, gave the publication a new, more contemporary look. In April 2011, Bloomberg Markets hired its first creative director, Siung Tjia, the former creative director of ESPN The Magazine. In addition to design changes, the editors added regular coverage of careers and personal finance following a global survey of readers.

In addition to the redesign, Bloomberg Markets unveiled a trade advertising campaign to position itself as the leading publication for the "global financial elite" and increased its circulation rate base from 355,000 to 375,000 by December 2011. The campaign and shift in design lead to new advertising deals with luxury brands such as Range Rover, Goldman Sachs and Allianz. The ultimate goal, according to Dukmejian, is for Bloomberg Markets to reach a circulation of 450,000 with 15,000 on newsstands.

In June 2011, Bloomberg Markets announced the launch of the 50 Most Influential franchise, its list of the most influential people in global finance, which appeared in the October 2011 issue. To coincide with the issue, the magazine hosted the inaugural Bloomberg Markets 50 Summit, a day-long event, held in September 2011 in New York City. A second 50 Most Influential ranking was published in the magazine's October 2012 issue.

Bloomberg Markets would be testing a spin-off luxury title with a spring 2012 issue called Bloomberg Pursuits.

In October 2015, it was announced by the parent company that Bloomberg Markets would reduce publication from 11 issues a year to six.

Staff
Bloomberg Markets has a staff of editors in the U.S., Latin America, Europe and Asia. In addition, the magazine draws on contributions from journalists at Bloomberg News, a global news service with 146 bureaus in 72 countries.

Honors and awards
Bloomberg Markets has won almost 200 journalism and design awards including a Gerald Loeb Award, a Scripps Howard Award and a George Polk Award. In 1995, the magazine was a finalist for the National Magazine Awards in the General Excellence category for magazines with a circulation under 100,000.

In 2006, editor Ron Henkoff won the Lawrence Minard Award as part of the Gerald Loeb Awards, which recognizes an editor whose career achievements and contributions to the profession of business, financial and economic journalism exemplify excellence in the area of editing.

In 2011, Bloomberg Markets was named a finalist for the American Society of Magazine Editors' General Excellence Award for Finance, Technology and Lifestyle Magazines and Bloomberg Markets senior writer David Evans was named a Pulitzer Prize finalist in the National Reporting category. Evans also received the 2011 John Chancellor Award given by Columbia Journalism School.

In 2012, Bloomberg Markets was made available in digital form for the iPad alongside its Businessweek subscription circulation.

Notable stories and their impact
"Duping The Families of Fallen Soldiers" (September 2010)

Following a six-month investigation, David Evans's article revealed that life insurance companies were withholding billions of dollars in benefits from the families of slain soldiers and millions of other Americans.  As a result of the article, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs required that Prudential offer the families of slain soldiers the option of receiving one check for the full amount of the death benefit.  Evans was named as a finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for his article.

"Toxic Debt" (July 2007)

This three-story cover package revealed the complicit role of rating companies Moody's and Standard and Poor's in creating the complex mortgage-backed securities stuffed with subprime debt that would trigger the global credit crisis.

"Big Pharma's Shameful Secret" (December 2005)

The article revealed that poorly supervised clinical trials for potential new drugs often injure and kill participants. As a result of the magazine's expose, the largest clinical trial company in the U.S. ousted its three top managers and government authorities shut down its biggest test center.

"The Banks That Fleeced Alabama" (September 2005)

Bloomberg Markets magazine reported that a group of banks led by JPMorgan Chase had overcharged Jefferson County, home to Birmingham, by at least $60 million in fees assessed on $5.8 billion in complex contracts called Interest-rate swaps that the county used to finance a sewer system. In October 2009, former Birmingham Mayor Larry Langford was convicted of taking bribes to steer a share of the JPMorgan deals to a local bank. As a result of the corruption, in November 2011, Jefferson County filed the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.

References

External links

Other provider for bloomberg markets magazine subscription

Business magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Markets
Magazines established in 1992


Tripura Industrial Development Corporation or TIDC is a state Industrial Development Corporation in the state of Tripura, India.

History
The Tripura Industrial Development Corporation Limited (TIDC) was established in 1974 as a Private Limited Company under the company's act 1956. On top of that, provisions of State Financial Corporations Act 1951 have been extended to TIDC as well. This leads to TIDC performing the twin role of the State Industrial Development Corporation and State Financial Corporation. TIDC is a profit making PSU.

External links
 tidc.co.in

Economy of Tripura
State industrial development corporations of India
State agencies of Tripura
1974 establishments in Tripura
Government agencies established in 1974


Charles Edward Faxon (January 21, 1846 – February 6, 1918) was an American botanical artist and instructor of botany born in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.

In 1867 he received his degree in civil engineering from Lawrence Scientific School in Cambridge. From 1879 to 1884, he taught classes in botany at the Bussey Institute.

Faxon was knowledgeable in regards to the flora of New England, and in 1882 joined the staff at the Arnold Arboretum. Here he took charge of development of the herbarium and library. He worked closely with Charles Sprague Sargent (1841–1927), the director of the arboretum.

Publications
Faxon created 744 plates for illustration of Sargent's "Silva of North America". In addition to these drawings, he provided the illustrative work for the following publications by Sargent:
 "Manual of the Trees of North America (exclusive of Mexico)", (664 illustrations).
 "Garden and Forest", (285 illustrations).
 "Forest Flora of Japan", (1894).
 "Trees and Shrubs: Illustrations of New Or Little Known Ligneous Plants", (1902–13).

References

External links

 Harvard University Library, Papers of Charles Edward Faxon, 1882–1918
 Works by or about Charles Edward Faxon in the Biodiversity Heritage Library

Botanical illustrators
Artists from Boston
1846 births
1918 deaths
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Arnold Arboretum
Harvard University staff
19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
American botanists
19th-century American male artists
People from Jamaica Plain
20th-century American male artists


Ungilsan is a mountain near the city of Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province


Appius Nicomachus Dexter (floruit before 432 AD) was a politician of the Western Roman Empire.

Biography

Dexter belonged to the Nicomachi, an influential family of senatorial rank. Among his ancestors there was evidently Appius Claudius Tarronius Dexter; his grandfather was the praetorian prefect Virius Nicomachus Flavianus, his father might be identified with his relative Clementianus, while he was probably a nephew of Nicomachus Flavianus.

Continuing the tradition of his family (he claims to follow the example set by Clementianus), he edited a manuscript containing the first ten books of Livy' Ab urbe condita, initially corrected by some Victorinus, then bought by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, and finally emended by Nichomachus before arriving into the hands of Dexter; all of the manuscripts of the first ten books of Livy's Ab Urbe condita that were subsequently copied through the Middle Ages into modern times are derived by this single manuscript, thanks to whom those books have survived. Subscriptions with his name are found at the end of books 3, 4 and 5.

At the time of the praetorian prefecture of Nicomachus Flavianus (431-432) he set up a statue in honour of his grandfather Virius Nicomachus Flavianus, in which he styles himself former praefectus urbi of Rome.

Notes

Bibliography
 Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, John Robert Martindale, J. Morris, "Appius NicomachusDexter 3", The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1971, , pp. 357–358.

5th-century Romans
Urban prefects of Rome
5th-century writers in Latin


Pseudocheilinus is a genus of wrasses native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
 Pseudocheilinus citrinus J. E. Randall, 1999
 Pseudocheilinus dispilus J. E. Randall, 1999
 Pseudocheilinus evanidus D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903 (striated wrasse)
 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857) (six-line wrasse)
 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus J. E. Randall, 1999 (white-barred wrasse)
 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia O. P. Jenkins, 1901 (eight-lined wrasse)
 Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia L. P. Schultz, 1960 (four-lined wrasse)

References

Labridae
Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker
Marine fish genera


Ludic Albert Check (May 22, 1918 – May 11, 2009) was a professional hockey player who played for the Detroit Red Wings and the Chicago Black Hawks in the National Hockey League. After several years of hockey in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and New York, Check was signed by the Montreal Canadiens after a season playing with the Quebec Senior Hockey League in 1943. In his first NHL season, he played only one professional game, with the Red Wings in 1944.

Check was then loaned to the Black Hawks, where he played 26 games in his final NHL season. The Canadiens then renewed his contract and sent him to the Ottawa "Senior" Senators of the Quebec Senior Hockey League, where he spent the last six seasons of his career. Check was a part of two Allan Cup-winning teams, in 1944 and 1949, and became a sales representative in later life. He died on May 11, 2009, in Ottawa, Ontario, at the age of 90.

Early life
Check was born in Brandon, Manitoba, on May 22, 1918. Alongside Frank Stahan, Check played two seasons from 1936 through 1938 with the Brandon Wheat Kings of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. He played two seasons for the Regina Aces (later renamed the Regina Vic-Aces) of the Saskatchewan Senior Hockey League from 1938 through 1940 before deciding to continue his career at the professional level. At the peak of his career, Check stood five feet, ten inches tall and weighed 165 pounds.

Hockey career
After these teams Check, a left winger, spent a season with the New York Rovers of the Eastern Amateur Hockey League. Although the team finished last, he nevertheless was responsible for 21 goals and 20 assists. This was followed by a year with the Sydney Millionaires of the Cape Breton Senior Hockey League, producing 29 goals and 22 assists.

During the 1942–1943 season, Check was signed by the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens, although he continued to play for the Quebec Aces of the Quebec Senior Hockey League through 1944, scoring for them a total of 60 goals and 40 assists. His only NHL game during this period was played with the Detroit Red Wings on March 11, 1944, when the Canadiens provided him as an emergency injury replacement, and he did not score any points. Check did, however, win his first Allan Cup while playing with the Aces, defeating the Port Arthur Shipbuilders in 1944. For the 1944-1945 season, he was loaned to the Chicago Black Hawks, playing 26 games and scoring six goals and two assists.

Check spent the rest of his career with the Ottawa "Senior" Senators of the QSHL, after having his contract re-purchased by the Canadiens and being loaned out. He competed in the Allan Cup twice more. In 1948 his team lost to the Edmonton Eskimos, but captured the championship in 1949 after facing off against the Regina Capitals. In six seasons with the Senators, he scored a total of 81 goals and 84 assists, placing him among the top ten league scorers four times. He retired after the 1950–1951 season.

Later life
After his hockey career, Check worked as a sales representative for the Hiram Walker distillery for over 30 years. He kept many friends from his hockey days in his later years, including Leo Gravelle, Emile Dagenais, Billy Robinson, Eddie Emberg and Larry Regan. Check died on May 11, 2009 at the age of 90 in Ottawa, Ontario. At the time of his death, he was one of the last surviving players from Ottawa's last Allan Cup championship team, the Senior Senators of 1949.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

1918 births
2009 deaths
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
New York Rovers players
Ottawa Senators (QSHL) players
Quebec Aces (QSHL) players
Ice hockey people from Brandon, Manitoba


Whihala Beach County Park is a park in Whiting, Indiana, United States. It is a public beach with life guards. The beach was previously named Whiting Beach.

Whihala Beach is named after the nearby cities of Whiting and Hammond and Lake County Parks Department.

References

External links
Lake County Parks – Whihala Beach County Park

Protected areas of Lake County, Indiana
Parks in Indiana
Whiting, Indiana
Lake Michigan


Wangbangsan is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It lies between the cities of Pocheon and Dongducheon. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province


Ahmed Abdullahi Gulleid (, ) (born 1953), also known as "Aag", is a Somali writer and researcher.

Gulleid was born in the town of Garbahaarreey in the southern Gedo region of Somalia. He attended school locally before relocating to Mogadishu to continue his studies.

In 1988, while still in college, Gulleid began attracting attention for publicly (in the print media) questioning the legality and actions of Somalia's Kacaanka 21 Oktoobar (October 21 revolution). As a result, he was imprisoned and subsequently deported. He later studied in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Yemen.

Career
Gulleid is a syndicated writer and columnist on many current issues regarding Somalia, including opposition to Somalia's armed Islamists. The last article that Gulleid published online attracted as many as 200,000 readers and over 3,400 comments.

Gulleid  lives and works in the United Arab Emirates. His most recent book, titled Somalia: A Reciprocal Curse?, was released in January 2009.

References

1953 births
Living people
People from Gedo
Somalian writers
Emirati journalists
Somali-language writers
Somali emigrants to the United Arab Emirates


Estate of Panic is an American reality competition show in which seven strangers compete to find cash in a large estate. The show is hosted by Steve Valentine, and produced by Endemol USA.

The first and only season aired on the Sci-Fi Channel from November 12 to December 17, 2008, around the same time as another reality competition series, Chase. The series has also aired on USA Network and Chiller.

Premise
Seven strangers from across the United States arrive at a large, mysterious mansion. The mansion's eccentric owner (Steve Valentine) spends his free time stashing his assets throughout the mansion, and he is assisted by his silent butler, the eighty-year-old maniacal freak, Rupert.  Once the players arrive at the estate, The owner challenges them to find the cash he has hidden in a series of rooms. The task is made difficult, however, as the contestants must come face to face with their greatest phobias while in the house. In each room, the last person to leave and the person who collects the least money are both eliminated. After three rooms are explored and six players have been eliminated, the final contestant earns the opportunity to win (and add to) everything collected by all players by completing a final challenge in the estate's Vault.

Gameplay

Main game
The game is similar in concept to several other shows such as Fear Factor (also produced by Endemol), the Nickelodeon game show Finders Keepers, the French game show Fort Boyard, the British game show The Crystal Maze, and the GSN game show How Much Is Enough?  The seven contestants search through a series of three rooms for cash.  Bills of smaller denominations ($1, $5, etc.) are hidden in relatively easy locations in the rooms, or even placed out in plain sight; bills of larger denominations (up to $100) are hidden in areas that are either more difficult to reach or protected by various animals (snakes, crabs, spiders, maggots, insects, etc.), all of which are harmless, yet disturbing.  Meanwhile, each room takes on a life of its own to make things trickier and scarier for the contestants. For example, the basement floods with water; the study has moving walls and ceiling that "shrink" the room to a very small size; the floor in the kitchen has properties similar to quicksand, and the garden is rigged with electric fences.

Once a contestant believes that he or she has enough money to secure a spot in the next round, the player must leave the room and place all cash collected on a tray held by Rupert.  Not all exits remain open the entire time, however, and a contestant might either have to wait for an exit to unlock or take an alternate route to make it out of the room in time.

Elimination
While there is no explicitly-stated time limit in any of the rooms, the rooms become more uninhabitable as time passes and the number of players shrinks, forcing the players to consider when to exit. In each round, the last player left in the room is eliminated; the show claims that the contestant is "trapped" inside once all the others have exited.  In addition: of the contestants who did exit, the one who recovered the least money is also eliminated and escorted from the house by the butler. Should there be a tie for last place, both players advance, but the two players with the least money in the next room are eliminated in addition to the trapped player.

There is no reward for recovering the most money in the first room, but the person who does so in the second room usually receives assistance that may prove useful in the third room.  The total money recovered by all eliminated contestants is placed in a cumulative pot, which is then offered as a prize to the last remaining contestant.

Extras
At times, a monetary bonus is offered to a contestant who can retrieve a certain object or set of objects hidden in one of the rooms.  Depending on the object, it could either help or hinder the player's actual progress in the room: carrying some objects around could impede the player's progress, while setting them down would put them at risk of being stolen, with the others have the ability grab the rest without letting go.  Other hidden objects could be worn to protect the player against some unwanted distraction(s) in the room (i.e. rubber-soled slippers, to protect against electric shocks).

The Vault
The last remaining contestant is given the chance to win all the money recovered by all seven contestants, plus more, in the Vault.

The contestant is restrained (such as by a leg chain, a harness suspended from the ceiling, or a straitjacket) in a vault containing 200 "safety deposit boxes."  Some boxes contain cash, while others have worthless items or booby traps such as snakes; a few boxes contain tools the contestant can use to free himself from the restraint.

Unlike the previous rooms, the Vault features a time limit: ten steel balls roll at intervals through a "timing device." Once eight balls have finished dropping, red lights begin flashing to warn the contestant; when all ten have finished dropping, the door locks. If the contestant exits the Vault before the door locks, he or she wins all the money collected that night, plus any money recovered from the Vault. If the door locks, he/she loses all of the money.

As a last resort, the contestant can choose to "panic," pressing a button in the corner of the vault to summon Valentine to the rescue. Alternatively, if the contestant cannot physically reach the button, he/she may shout out, "I'm panicking," to the same effect; in earlier episodes, Valentine told the contestant to do both. A contestant who panics forfeits any money collected in the vault as well as half of the money collected in the first three rooms.

If the contestant makes it out of the Vault, (regardless if they completed or forfeited by "panicking"), The host will state the final amount of prize money the contestant is leaving with, before ordering them to leave with the catchphrase of "Get out of my house". The winning contestant then leaves the mansion and is escorted away from the estate via car.

Production
Estate of Panic is filmed on an estate in Argentina, although some challenges are filmed in a studio because, according to Valentine, "the scope of the challenges is so ambitious and huge that there were times when we couldn't really destroy that person's house." A disclaimer at the end of each episode notes that only one challenge is filmed per day, and the complete show is filmed over the course of four days.

International versions

Episodes

Reaction
Brian Lowry in Variety praised host Valentine's "macabre charm" but stated the show overall is a "parade of silly stunts and contests" which becomes "mostly an ordeal for viewers."

References

External links

Syfy original programming
2000s American reality television series
2008 American television series debuts
2008 American television series endings
Television series by Endemol


The Skyland Camp-Bowman Lake Ranger Station in Glacier National Park was originally built as the Culver Boys' Military Academy. The main building, known variously as the Skyland Camp Messhall, Culver Boys' Military Academy Messhall and Skyline Chalet, was built in 1920 and is a good example of National Park Service Rustic architecture. The main cabin, known as "Rainbow Lodge" was built by the boys of the academy in 1920 from red cedar logs, and is more elaborate and carefully detailed than typical ranger stations of this period. The interior is dominated by a stone fireplace.

The camp was originally owned by the Culver Military Academy of Culver, Indiana, which operated the camp as a concession within the park, on the shore of Bowman Lake. It operated for a few seasons, but poor management caused the National Park Service to terminate the camp's contract. With the camp falling into disrepair, the Park Service demolished all buildings except the Rainbow Lodge in  1940, rehabilitating the lodge for use as a ranger station. Two boathouses are included in the listed area, and many furnishings in the ranger station are contributing features.

See also

Belly River Ranger Station Historic District
Cut Bank Ranger Station Historic District
East Glacier Ranger Station Historic District
Kintla Lake Ranger Station
Kishenehn Ranger Station Historic District
Logging Creek Ranger Station Historic District
Nyack Ranger Station Historic District
Polebridge Ranger Station Historic District
Saint Mary Ranger Station
Sherburne Ranger Station Historic District
Swiftcurrent Ranger Station Historic District
Upper Lake McDonald Ranger Station Historic District
Walton Ranger Station Historic District
Polebridge to Numa Ridge Phoneline

References

Ranger stations in Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Government buildings completed in 1920
National Park Service rustic in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana
1920 establishments in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier National Park
Summer camps in the United States


Roland Cloutier (born October 6, 1957) is a Canadian former ice hockey centre who played 34 games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings and Quebec Nordiques between 1978 and 1980. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1977 to 1988, was mainly spent in the French domestic league. After his playing career he served as a coach of the Val-d'Or Foreurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League between 1996 and 2000.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1957 births
Living people
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in France
Canadian ice hockey centres
Detroit Red Wings draft picks
Detroit Red Wings players
Diables Noirs de Tours players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Kansas City Red Wings players
Nova Scotia Voyageurs players
Quebec Nordiques players
Quebec Nordiques (WHA) draft picks
Rapaces de Gap players
Sportspeople from Rouyn-Noranda
Syracuse Firebirds players
Trois-Rivières Draveurs players