South–South cooperation (SSC) is a term historically used by policymakers and academics to describe the exchange of resources, technology, and knowledge between developing countries, also known as countries of the Global South. The Global South is making increasingly significant contributions to global development. The economic and geopolitical relevance of many countries has grown. In the past, south-south cooperation focused on sharing knowledge and building capacities, but the countries of the Global South and new financial institutions have recently also become increasingly active in development finance.

History
The formation of SSC can be traced to the Asian–African Conference that took place in Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955 which is also known as the Bandung Conference. The conference has been largely regarded as a milestone for SSC. Indonesia's president at that time, Sukarno, referred to it as "the first intercontinental conference of coloured peoples in the history of mankind." Despite Sukarno's opening address about the conference, there had been gatherings similar to the Bandung conference in the past. Nevertheless the Bandung Conference was distinctive and facilitated the formation of SSC because it was the first time that the countries in attendance were no longer colonies of distant European powers. President Sukarno also famously remarked at the conference that "Now we are free, sovereign, and independent. We are again masters in our own house. We do not need to go to other continents to confer."

The conference was sponsored by Burma, Ceylon, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan, and was attended by these 29 independent countries: Afghanistan, Burma, Cambodia, Ceylon, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gold Coast, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the State of Vietnam, and the Kingdom of Yemen. Each country supported the continuation of decolonization efforts happening in both Africa and Asia at the time. Although many countries disagreed on some issues, the Bandung Conference "provided the first major instance of the post-colonial countries' collective resistance to Western Dominance in International relations."

In 1978, the United Nations established the Unit for South–South Cooperation to promote South–South trade and collaboration within its agencies.

However, the idea of South–South cooperation only started to influence the field of development in the late 1990s. Due to the geographical spectrum, activities are known as Africa–South America (ASA) cooperation as well as, in the Asia-Pacific region, South–South cooperation.

The ASA cooperation has so far held two summits. The first summit was held in Abuja, Nigeria, in 2006 where 53 delegates from Africa and 12 from South America attended. The second and most recent one was held on the Margarita Island in Venezuela in September 2009 where 49 heads of states from Africa and 12 heads of states from South America attended.

South–South cooperation has been successful in decreasing dependence on the aid programs of developed countries and in creating a shift in the international balance of power.

Direction
The Leaders of South American and African countries hope that this cooperation will bring a new world order and counter the existing Western dominance socially, economically and politically. Late president Hugo Chávez saw the formation of this cooperation as the "beginning of the salvation of [the] people."

Economic cooperation

One of the key goals of the cooperation is to strengthen and improve economic ties. Some of the areas which these "southern" nations look forward to improving further include joint investment in energy and oil, and a common bank. Among other regional trade agreements which were reached during the 2009 summit was Venezuela signing an oil agreement with South Africa and a memorandum of understanding with Sierra Leone to form a joint mining company. Meanwhile, Brazil has developed an increasingly successful model of overseas aid provision of over $1 billion annually (ahead of many traditional donors), which focuses on technical expertise and the transfer of knowledge and expertise. Most of Brazilian aid is allocated to Africa, specifically to Portuguese-speaking African countries, and Latin America. Brazil's form of South–South development aid has been called a 'global model in waiting'.

The two continents have over one quarter of the world's energy resources. This includes the oil and natural gas reserves in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Algeria, Angola, Libya, Nigeria, Chad, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea.

Banks to finance infrastructure projects
One challenge for South–South cooperation has been the lack of sufficient capital to start a South–South bank as an alternative to the IMF and the World Bank. This has changed with the launch of two new 'South–South banks'.
At the sixth summit of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa), in July 2014, the five partners approved the establishment of the New Development Bank (or BRICS Development Bank), with a primary focus on lending for infrastructure projects. It will be based in Shanghai. A Contingency Reserve Agreement (CRA) has been concluded in parallel to provide the BRICS countries with alternatives to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in times of economic hardship, protect their national economies and strengthen their global position. The Russian Federation is contributing US$18 billion to the CRA, which will be credited by the five partners with a total of over US$100 billion. The CRA is now operational. In 2015 and 2016, work was under way to develop financing mechanisms for innovative projects with the new bank’s resources.

The second new bank is the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. It has also been set up to finance infrastructure projects. Spearheaded by China, the bank is based in Beijing. By 2016, more than 50 countries had expressed interest in joining, including a number of developed countries: France, Germany, the Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, etc.

Asia–Pacific Free Trade Area
China is spearheading the creation of an Asia–Pacific Free Trade Area, which, according to China’s vision, would override existing bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements in the region. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November 2014 endorsed the Beijing Roadmap for completing a feasibility study by late 2016.

Special economic zones
China's overseas SEZs are another example of South-South cooperation. From 1990 to 2018, Chinese enterprises established eleven SEZs in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East including: Nigeria (two), Zambia, Djibouti, Kenya, Mauritius, Mauritania, Egypt,  Oman, and Algeria. Generally, the Chinese government takes a hands-off approach, leaving it to Chinese enterprises to work to establish such zones (although it does provide support in the form of grants, loans,  and subsidies, including support via the China Africa Development Fund). The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation promotes these SEZs heavily.As Professor Dawn C. Murphy summarizes, these zones "aim to transfer China's development successes to other countries, increase business opportunities for China manufacturing companies, avoid trade barriers by setting up zones in countries with preferential trade access to important markets, and create a positive business environment for Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises investing in these regions."

Role of regional economic communities
Countries of the South are developing cooperation through regional economic communities. For example, the Russian Federation is developing co-operation with Asian partners within the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Eurasian Economic Union. The latter was launched on 1 January 2015 with Belarus and Kazakhstan and has since been extended to Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. The Eurasian Economic Union replaces the Eurasian Economic Community.

Other cooperation South-South cooperation organizations include the China Arab States Cooperation Forum and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (the latter has a significant political collaboration component, in addition to economic cooperation).

South-South cooperation in agriculture
In light of its ideological commitment to South-South Cooperation (and motivated by a pragmatic desire to increase food security) China has established a series of Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers in Africa. These are a highly visible component agricultural cooperation between China African countries. The function of these centers is to transmit agricultural expertise and technology from China to developing countries in Africa while also creating market opportunities for Chinese companies in the agricultural sector.

China first announced its Agricultural Technology Demonstrations Centers at the 2006 meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. It launched 19 of these centers between 2006 and 2018, all in sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2023, Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers exist in 24 African countries.

South-South cooperation in science

Bilateral collaboration
Countries are also co-operating in science, technology and innovation on a bilateral basis to develop infrastructure and diversify the economy.  There is ‘dynamic bilateral collaboration’ between China and the Russian Federation, for instance. This cooperation stems from the Treaty on Good Neighbourliness, Friendship and Co-operation signed by the two countries in 2001, which has given rise to regular four-year plans for its implementation. Dozens of joint large-scale projects are being carried out. They concern the construction of the first super-high-voltage electricity transmission line in China; the development of an experimental fast neutron reactor; geological prospecting in the Russian Federation and China; and joint research in optics, metal processing, hydraulics, aerodynamics and solid fuel cells. Other priority areas for co-operation include industrial and medical lasers, computer technology, energy, the environment and chemistry, geochemistry, catalytic processes and new materials.

Role of regional centres
Increasingly, countries of the South are fostering cooperation in science and technology through regional or international centres. Regional and international centres have been set up under the auspices of United Nations agencies. One example is the International Science, Technology and Innovation Centre for South–South Cooperation (ISTIC) in Malaysia. It was established in 2008 under the auspices of UNESCO. In 2014, the Caribbean network of scientists, Cariscience, ran a training workshop in Tobago on Technopreneurship for the Caribbean, in partnership with ISTIC. Another example is a centre which uses Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME).

Space technology
China and Brazil have successfully cooperated in the field of space. Among the most successful space cooperation projects were the development and launch of earth monitoring satellites. As of 2023, the two countries have jointly developed six China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellites. These projects have helped both Brazil and China develop their access to satellite imagery and promoted remote sending research. Brazil and China's cooperation is a unique example of South-South cooperation between two developing countries in the field of space.

Climate change
China is a clean energy leader and both exports its technology to other developing countries and is a source of bilateral cooperation programs with other countries in the global South. The "Ten, Hundred, Thousand" program is China's overarching initiative for South-South cooperation in addressing climate change. Announced in 2016, it aims to establish ten low-carbon demonstration zones, 100 climate change mitigation projects, and 1,000 cooperation projects for climate change training. As of 2023, China had signed partnerships with at least 27 other developing countries as part of this initiative. The Seychelles, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar have signed memorandums of understanding to develop low carbon demonstration zones. China has supported numerous climate change training programs as part of the initiative.

Brazil and China have established the China-Brazil Center for Climate Change and Energy Technology Innovation, which is one of the most ambitious South-South bilateral clean energy programs.

Security cooperation
Peace and security responsibilities are also on the top of the agenda for cooperation. During the 2009 Africa-South America Summit, Colonel Gaddafi proposed a defence alliance between South America and Africa. He called the alliance "a NATO of the South."

Sources

See also

BRICS
Global South Development Magazine
Developing countries
Fair trade
Group of 77
Least Developed Countries
Non-Aligned Movement
North-South divide
Protocol on Trade Negotiations
Second Africa-South America Summit
South Centre (organization)
UNDP
UNIDO

References

International development
Economic geography


Write Bloody Publishing is an independent American publishing house, founded in 2004 by traveling poet Derrick C. Brown.

Authors and titles

References

External links
 Write Bloody Publishing

Publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 2004


Tom Saxhaug (born February 22, 1948) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 5, which included portions of Beltrami, Cass, Hubbard, and Itasca counties in the northern part of the state.

Early life, education, and career
Saxhaug completed his secondary education at Grand Rapids High School in Grand Rapids and later received a B.A. from St. Olaf College in Northfield. Prior to his election to the Senate, he served on the Grand Rapids City Council from 1995 to 1997, and was an Itasca County Commissioner from 1997 to 2003. He is a retired insurance agent.

Minnesota Senate
Saxhaug was first elected in 2002, and was re-elected in 2006, 2010, and 2012. Following redistricting in 2012, Saxhaug was placed in District 5 alongside Republican Senator John Carlson. Saxhaug defeated Carlson on November 6, 2012. He lost re-election to Republican Justin Eichorn in 2016.

Electoral history

Personal life
Saxhaug and his wife, Nancy, have two children.  Son Tim is a member of Bluegrass band Trampled by Turtles.

References

External links

Minnesota Public Radio Votetracker: Senator Tom Saxhaug

Democratic Party Minnesota state senators
1948 births
Living people
People from Grand Rapids, Minnesota
St. Olaf College alumni
21st-century American politicians


Wardenclyffe Tower is the seventh studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in 1992 through Restless Records (United States) and JMS–Cream Records (Europe), and in 1993 through Polydor Records (Japan); a remastered edition was reissued in 2007 through Eidolon Efformation, containing three bonus tracks (alternative versions of "Tokyo Dream" from 1983's Road Games and "The-Unmerry-Go-Round" from 1985's Metal Fatigue) which were previously only available on the Japanese release.

The album's title is a reference to the Wardenclyffe Tower, or Tesla Tower, designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1901 and located in Shoreham, New York. "Zarabeth" is named after a character in the Star Trek episode "All Our Yesterdays".

Critical reception

Daniel Gioffre at AllMusic awarded Wardenclyffe Tower 1.5 stars out of 5, describing it as "formless" and "not very compelling", and being of value to Holdsworth completists rather than casual listeners. He nonetheless noted "Against the Clock", "Dodgy Boat" and the title track as highlights.

Track listing

Personnel
Allan Holdsworth – guitar, SynthAxe, mixing, producer
Naomi Star – vocals
Steve Hunt – keyboard (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5)
Gordon Beck – keyboard (tracks 9–11)
Chad Wackerman – drums (tracks 1, 3, 5, 7, 9–11), keyboard (track 7)
Gary Husband – drums (tracks 2, 4), keyboard (track 3)
Vinnie Colaiuta – drums (track 6)
Jimmy Johnson – bass
Joel Schnebelt – spoken vocals
Robert Feist – engineering
Gordon Davis – mixing

References

External links
Wardenclyffe Tower at therealallanholdsworth.com (archived)
Allan Holdsworth "Wardenclyffe Tower" at Guitar Nine

Allan Holdsworth albums
1992 albums
Restless Records albums
Nikola Tesla


Sampleslaya: Enter The Meatmarket is the second studio album by American DJ Armand Van Helden. It was released on the 10th of November 1997 by American record label Ruffhouse Records. The album took Armand's style in a more hip-hop oriented direction.

Track listing
All Editions
 Push'em Up
 Hot Butter
 Blakpeoplez
 Daaboodaa Munks
 Crooklyn Anthem
 Ultrafunkula
 Hood Movie Stars
 Word Up Doc!
 This Is It
 Out Of Frame
 Reservoir Dogs
 6 Minutes Of Funk
 Bounce
 Hey Yah Heh

Release history

References

1997 albums
Armand Van Helden albums
Ruffhouse Records albums


The KENI Radio Building is an Art Moderne building in Anchorage, Alaska, designed by architect Augustine A. Porreca and completed in 1948. The building housed KENI AM, the second radio station in Anchorage.

The reinforced concrete two-story building was owned by Cap Lathrop, who had worked with Porreca on Lathrop's Fourth Avenue Theatre. Besides radio station facilities, the building also housed three apartments.

The building was purchased by Gregory Carr in the late 1990s, after the radio station moved to the Dimond Center, and converted into a private residence.

References

External links

1948 establishments in Alaska
Commercial buildings completed in 1948
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Historic American Buildings Survey in Alaska
Houses in Anchorage, Alaska
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Anchorage, Alaska
+
Streamline Moderne architecture in Alaska
Studios in the United States


The third USS Scorpion was a steamer in commission in the United States Navy from 1847 to 1848.

Scorpion was built in 1846 as the commercial steamship SS Aurora by Bishop and Simonson at New York City for Sidney Mason and William D. Thompson. The U.S. Navy purchased Aurora at New York on 7 January 1847 for use in the Mexican War and commissioned her as USS Scorpion on 23 February 1847 with Commander Abraham Bigelow in command.

Ordered to the Gulf of Mexico, Scorpion joined the Home Squadron at Anton Lizardo, Mexico, on 27 April 1847. She participated in the expedition against Tabasco on 16 June 1847 at the Second Battle of Tabasco, serving as the flagship for Commodore Matthew C. Perry.

Scorpion returned to Anton Lizardo on 25 July 1847, and for the remainder of the war patrolled the coast of Mexico. At the close of the war, she sailed for the Brooklyn Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, arriving there on 11 August 1848. She was decommissioned on 21 August 1848 and sold at auction on 23 December 1848.

Once again in civilian service, she became the merchant steamer Isthmus, and was lost at sea in 1854.

References

Steamships of the United States Navy
Mexican–American War ships of the United States
Ships built in New York City
1847 ships


Qualistage is a music venue, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The venue has a capacity of 8,450 spectators, but can have four different configurations. Located in Barra da Tijuca, it is one of the major show houses of Rio de Janeiro.

Name changes
It was opened in September 1994, with the name of Metropolitan. In late 2000, after a naming rights agreement, it was renamed as ATL Hall, and as Claro Hall after the consolidation of the América Móvil-owned networks in Brazil, and since March 2007, when the Claro agreement expired, becoming the Citibank Hall. In 2016, the concert hall briefly returned to its original name. In March 2017, naming rights were purchased by fuel company, Ipiranga, with the venue now known as KM de Vantagens Hall. In 2021, the space was renamed again, this time with the name Qualistage, due to the partnership with the health plan administrator Qualicorp.

References

Indoor arenas in Brazil
Concert halls in Brazil
Music venues completed in 1994
Music venues in Rio de Janeiro (city)
1994 establishments in Brazil


Sentimental, the adjectival form of sentimentality, may also refer to:

Films
 Sentimental (film), a 1981 Argentinian film show
 Sentimental, a 2020 Spanish comedy film also known as The People Upstairs

Music

Albums
 Sentimental (Julio Iglesias album), 1980
 Sentimental (Tanita Tikaram album), 2005

Songs
 "Sentimental" (Deborah Cox song), 1995
 "Sentimental" (Kenny G composition), 1992
 "Sentimental" (Los Hermanos song), 2001
 "Sentimental", by Altered Images from Happy Birthday, 2004 reissue
 "Sentimental", by Donna Summer from Another Place and Time, 1989
 "Sentimental", by Feeder from Renegades, 2010
 "Sentimental", by the Four Voices, 1957
 "Sentimental", by Hiromi Iwasaki, 1975
 "Sentimental", by Kym Marsh from Standing Tall, 2003
 "Sentimental", by Porcupine Tree from Fear of a Blank Planet, 2007

See also
 Sentimental novel, a genre of novels
 Sentimentality
 Sentimentalism (philosophy)
 Sentimentalism (literature)


This is a list of material originally published by other companies that has been reprinted as collected editions or trade paperbacks by Dark Horse Comics, including manga and manhwa series that were translated and distributed in America.

North American comics

European comics

Manga
Unless otherwise noted, the manga volumes contain the same material (but translated) as the original language volumes.

Manhwa

Webcomics

References

Dark Horse Comics reprints


Tony Dean (November 26, 1940 – October 19, 2008) was an American outdoors broadcaster, columnist and conservationist. Dean's (nickname Deeno) real name was Anthony DeChandt.

Starting in 1985, Dean had hosted and produced the television show Tony Dean Outdoors, broadcast regionally in the upper Midwestern United States. He recorded several episodes of the show together co-hosted with Jason Mitchell for Tony Dean Outdoors prior to Mitchell's purchase of the program, now known as Jason Mitchell Outdoors. Dean also produced the daily radio show "Dakota Backroads" for nearly two decades and wrote columns for the Argus Leader, the daily newspaper of Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

His programs received more than 160 regional and national awards. Dean served as a press secretary for former Governor of South Dakota, Republican Frank Farrar.

Dean supported candidates based on their stance on the issue of conservation, and he was criticized for his support of Democratic senator Tim Johnson and later for his support of the  presidential campaign of Barack Obama, who Dean felt had the insight to appreciate the issues of land conservation. His wife indicated that one of the last things Dean had done before his attack of appendicitis was to film a series of commercials for Obama's campaign. She further noted that Dean would have served on the transition team in the event of an Obama victory.

Dean died on October 19, 2008, after complications from an appendicectomy. He had had his appendix removed in an operation in September 2008 in Pierre, South Dakota, and was moved to a hospital in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, to address complications. He died in the living room of his home overlooking the Missouri River, together with members of his immediate family.

Senator Johnson eulogized Dean for "his advocacy on behalf of conservation and sportsmen alike", noting that "[h]e understood the right balance".

References

External links
Tony Dean Outdoors

1940 births
2008 deaths
American conservationists
Writers from Sioux Falls, South Dakota


Miss World 1955 the 5th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 20 October 1955 at the Lyceum Ballroom in London, United Kingdom. 21 contestants competed for the crown. Eunice Gayson crowned Susana Duijm of Venezuela as the new Miss World. The previous year's Miss World, Antigone Costanda of Egypt, did not attend because of hostilities between Egypt and United Kingdom over Suez Canal. That was the first time Venezuela won the title of Miss World. This was the first time that a winner had been crowned with the crown on her head. Duijm also placed Top 15 in Miss Universe 1955.

Results

Contestants

  - Beverly Prowse
  - Felicitas Von Goebel
  - Rosette Ghislain
  - Viola Sita Gunarate
  - Gilda Marín
  - Karin Palm-Rasmussen
  - Mirva Orvakki Arvinen
  - Gisele Thierry
  - Beate Kruger
  - Jennifer Chimes
  - Tzoulia Georgia Coumoundourou
  - Angelina Kalkhoven
  - Pastora Pagán Valenzuela
  - Arna Hjörleifsdóttir
  - Evelyn Foley
  - Miriam Kotler
  - Franca Incorvaia
  - Josette Travers
  - Anita Åstrand
  - Margaret Anne Haywood
  - Susana Duijm †

Notes

Debuts

Returns
Last competed in 1953:

Withdrawals
  -Iolanda Cristina (Dalida) Gigliotti

References

External links
 Miss World official website

Miss World
1955 in London
1955 beauty pageants
Beauty pageants in England
October 1955 events in the United Kingdom


The 103rd Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in south central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Democrat Patty Kim since 2013.

District profile
The 103rd district is located in Dauphin County and Cumberland County, including the following areas:

 Camp Hill
 East Pennsboro Township
 Harrisburg (PART)
 Ward 1 [PART, Precinct 01]
 Wards 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15
 Ward 9 [PART, Precinct 01]
 Lemoyne
 Wormleysburg

Recent election results

References

Government of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
103


Hard Hat Area is the eighth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in 1993 through Polydor Records (Japan), JMS–Cream Records (Europe) and Fred Bloggs Music (United Kingdom), and in 1994 through Restless Records (United States); a remastered edition with expanded liner notes was reissued on 15 May 2012 through MoonJune Records.

Holdsworth frequently cited the album as one of his favourites. "Tullio" is a reference to cycling component innovator and company founder Tullio Campagnolo.

Critical reception

Hard Hat Area has received mostly positive reviews. John Kelman at All About Jazz called it one of Holdsworth's better solo recordings, naming "Ruhkukah" and "Low Levels, High Stakes" as highlights. He also praised the line-up of keyboardist Steve Hunt, drummer Gary Husband and bassist Skúli Sverrisson, but noted that it was sometimes difficult to distinguish between Hunt's playing and Holdsworth's SynthAxe.

Glenn Astarita at AllMusic called the album one of Holdsworth's "better solo excursions", and "a must-have" for fans of his work. Like Kelman, he named "Ruhkukah" and "Low Levels, High Stakes" as highlights.

Track listing

Personnel
Allan Holdsworth – guitar, SynthAxe, engineering, mixing, production
Steve Hunt – keyboard
Gary Husband – drums
Skúli Sverrisson – bass

Technical
Rejean de Grand'Maison – engineering
Gordon Davis – mixing
Bernie Grundman – mastering
Chris Bellman – remastering (reissue)

References

External links
Hard Hat Area at therealallanholdsworth.com (archived)
Allan Holdsworth "Hard Hat Area" at Guitar Nine

Allan Holdsworth albums
1993 albums
Polydor Records albums
Restless Records albums


The 2008 Korean Series began on Monday, 26 October, at the Munhak Baseball Stadium in Incheon. It featured the SK Wyverns, who had claimed home ground advantage by finishing in first place at the end of the season, and the Doosan Bears, who had finished second and had defeated the Samsung Lions in a best-of-7 playoff series (4 games to 2) to advance to the next round. The SK Wyverns won the series in five games, after defeating Doosan four games straight after dropping the opening game. It pitted the final 2 teams from the 2007 Korean Series in a rematch.

Game 1, October 26
Munhak Baseball Stadium, Incheon

The first game of the series began at the home stadium of the Wyverns. However, they failed to get the victory on the opening game 2 years straight as Doosan got a decisive 5–2 victory, thanks to the excellent pitching of Matt Randal. Young prodigy Kim Kwang-hyun started for the Wyverns could not shut down Doosan's hitting.

SK struck first, as 2007's MVP Kim Jae-hyun shot a solo home run over the right field fence. Doosan answered back in the 5th, when Chae Sang-byung got onto 1st base with a line drive towards 3rd base. Jeon Sang-ryeol bunt-sacrificed, then Chae advanced to 3rd on a passed ball. Lee Jong-wook hit him home with a single. Doosan went ahead in the 6th, as Kim Dong-joo hit a double, advanced on a sacrifice, then Ko Young-min got a base on balls. Doosan used power hitter Choi Jun-seok as a pinch hitter, and it paid off, as he hammered the ball, allowing Ko to score from first. Doosan added to their lead in the 7th, as Lee Jong-wook scored with help from Oh Jae-won and Ko Young-min. Hong Sung-heon shot a solo home run in the 9th, but it wasn't necessary. SK tried to fight back, but managed to only score one more run in the bottom of the 7th. A combination of Randal's pitching, as well as reliever Lee Jae-woo shut down the Wyverns.

Game 2, October 27
Munhak Baseball Stadium, Incheon

SK evened the series with the aid of some strong batting and some poor defensive work by Doosan. The game was an almost total turn-around of game 1, with an identical score of 5–2. Just like last year, SK started Chae Byeong-yong, while Doosan started former major-leaguer Sunny Kim.

The game began well for SK as leadoff hitter Jeong Keun-woo got onto base and advanced with a narrow hit by Park Jae-hong. Lee Jin-young hit Jeong home, and Park scored after the pitcher threw a wild pitch. Doosan responded in the fourth with a double from Kim Dong-joo, then a triple from Hong Sung-heon. Ko Young-min hit a sacrifice fly to bring in the 2nd run. The game winner was in the 5th by Park Jae-sang, and in the 7th, Kim Jae-hyun hit another home run (2 runs), for his second in the series and 2nd in 2 days.

Game 3, October 29
Jamsil Baseball Stadium, Seoul

Doosan returned home to their stadium in Jamsil with the series tied at 1–1 series. Doosan started left-handed Lee Hei-chun, and SK answered by starting Lee Jae-won in the place of the designated hitter, as he had a higher hitting average against left-handed pitchers. SK started Kenny Rayburn.

The game started off as a pitcher's duel, with both pitchers striking out several batters. Both teams struck in the 4th inning, putting 1 run on the board each. SK went ahead 3–1 in the 6th, as young 3rd baseman Choi Jeong hit a 2-run home run on the first pitch of reliever Lee Jae-woo. Doosan answered back with a solo home run from relief catcher Choi Seung-hwan in the 7th, but SK held onto their 1-run lead to close the game up and take a 2–1 lead in the series.

Doosan very nearly came back in the 9th inning, as closer Chong Tae-hyon loaded the bases with 1 out, but Kim Hyun-soo hit into a double-play, allowing SK to take the win and giving Chong the save.

Game 4, October 30
Jamsil Baseball Stadium, Seoul

Game 4 saw the return of Matt Randal for Doosan, while SK started sometimes-reliable Song Eun-bum in classic Kim Sung-keun strategy of fast and frequent pitcher changing. SK used 7 pitchers in total, while Doosan used only 3.

Sk struck in the 1st inning with a hit from Park Jae-sang, stole to 2nd, and made it to 3rd after an error from Chae Sang-byung. Kim Jae-hyun sacrificed to bring him home. Doosan struck back with the dangerous combination of Kim Dong-joo and Hong Sung-heon. Oh Jae-won hit into a double-play, but Kim scored from 3rd base.

Game 4 continued a Doosan trend in the series of Doosan creating many scoring opportunities but failing to capitalize on them. Jeon Sang-ryeol managed to hit a lead-off double in the 3rd, but made a critical error. Lee Jong-wook hit a ball just behind the 2nd base that surely looked to be a hit, but some amazing defense from Jeong Keun-woo managed to catch the ball, and merely had to throw the ball to 2nd to tag out Jeon, who ran and never looked back. Also, Doosan managed to load the bases with 0 outs in the 7th, but once again failed to score as reliever Lee Seung-ho struck out 2 Doosan hitters, walked the next one, but the 4th one grounded out.

SK decided to use Chae Byeong-yong as a closer in game 5, and he managed to hold on to the victory, giving him a rare save. He loaded the bases in the 8th, but struck out pinch-hitter Yoo Jae-woong. Doosan managed to get 1 runner to 2nd base in the 9th, but could not get any closer to scoring. SK went up 3–1, only one win away from claiming their 2nd consecutive Korean Series victory.

Game 5, October 31
Jamsil Baseball Stadium, Seoul

Game 5 was yet another pitcher's duel, this time between Kim Kwang-hyun and Kim Sun-woo, both vying for a win in this year's series. It was do or die for Doosan, and neither team allowed any runs until the 7th inning.

Doosan had scoring opportunities almost every inning, but failed. However, SK rarely was able to get runners on base, shut down by the superb pitching of Kim Sun-woo. A reversal of fortunes came about in the 7th inning, as Sk was able to load the bases. Catcher Park Kyung-oan, who has hitless in the series, hammered a linedrive towards 3rd, hurting Kim Dong-joo's hand, and causing him to drop the ball. Sk would add one more to the scoreboard in the 8th, as Park Jae-sang hit a single, and came home with a hit from Choi Jeong.

SK starter Kim Kwang-hyun allowed 0 runs in 6 innings, and was followed by 4 relievers in an attempt to shut down the hungry and now desperate Doosan hitters.

Doosan once again got multiple runners on base in the 8th, but failed to score as Sk outfielder Cho Dong-hwa made an amazing catch against Hong Sung-heon. Once again reliever Lee Seung-ho saved the team, striking out Yoo Jae-woong. This performance earned Lee the MVP nomination, but he did not win.

The 9th inning was the most pivotal moment of the game, as Doosan had the game but failed completely to capitalize on the situation. Once again, SK put Chae Byeong-yong on the mound as a closer. Doosan managed to load the bases with 0 outs. It looked like a Doosan comeback was inevitable. Amazingly, Chae put away Ko Young-min and Kim Hyun-soo hit into a double-play, handing SK their 2nd consecutive Korean Series victory.

Twenty-one-year-old third baseman Choi Jeong was named the series MVP.

References

Korean Series
Korean Series
Korean Series
SSG Landers
Doosan Bears


Magic Man is a 2010 thriller film directed by Stuart Cooper and starring Billy Zane and Alexander Nevsky.

Cast
 Billy Zane as Darius
 Alexander Nevsky as Detective Orloff
 Robert Davi as Simpson
 Bai Ling as Samantha
 Armand Assante as Lieutenant Taper
 Estelle Raskin as Tatiana
Veronica Powers as Young Tatiana
 Christina Vidal as Elena, The First Victim
 Andrew Divoff as Rudolph Treadwell
 Sarah Jayne Jensen as Vera
 Richard Tyson as Detective Rogers
 Brandon Molale as Darryl

References

External links

2010 films
2010 thriller films
Films about magic and magicians
Films scored by the Newton Brothers
American thriller films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
English-language thriller films


Crier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Arthur Crier, part of the band The Halos
 Catherine Crier (born 1954), American television anchor
 Gordon Crier (1912 - 1984), Scottish writer/producer
 Keith Crier, part of the band GQ

See also
Cryer

English-language surnames


Scott Douglas Lively (born December 14, 1957) is an American activist, author, and attorney, who is the president of Abiding Truth Ministries, an anti-LGBT group based in Temecula, California. He was also a cofounder of Latvia-based group Watchmen on the Walls, state director of the California branch of the American Family Association, and a spokesman for the Oregon Citizens Alliance. He unsuccessfully attempted to be elected as the governor of Massachusetts in both 2014 and 2018.

Lively has promoted a hardline anti-gay interpretation of the Bible, been involved in the ex-gay movement, and been staunchly opposed to LGBT rights. In 1995, he co-authored The Pink Swastika, a book claiming gay people were prominent in the Nazi Party and were behind Nazi atrocities. He has called for the criminalization of "the public advocacy of homosexuality" as far back as 2007. Widely credited as an engineer of Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014, he gave a series of talks to Ugandan lawmakers before the drafting of the Anti-Homosexuality Bill.

Background
Lively was born and raised in the town of Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts, the oldest of six children. He became an alcoholic at the age of 12, an addiction he explains as a means to cope with an unhappy family situation. When Lively was 16, his father was committed to a mental institution, never to return. After graduating from high school in 1976, Lively spent the next 10 years "drifting around the United States, often homeless, sometimes sleeping under bridges and begging for spare change on street-corners." Lively has stated in his autobiography: "I visited every one of the 48 continental states and logged over 25,000 miles by thumb, bus and train in my wandering. I didn't learn to drive a car until I was 25."

Lively states that he became a born-again Christian on February 1, 1986, while staying at an alcohol treatment facility in Portland, Oregon, of which he has said, "It was a miracle which completely removed my desire for alcohol and drugs—something I had been unable to do for myself over several years of a desperate futile struggle to find some way to freedom."

Political candidacies

Lively was an independent candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in the 2014 election.

He ran again as a Republican candidate in the 2018 election. At the Massachusetts Republican Party's state convention on April 28, 2018, he received support from nearly a third of the delegates present, exceeding the minimum requirement to appear on the ballot for the primary election on September 4, challenging fellow GOP incumbent Charlie Baker. Lively lost the primary to Baker, with Lively receiving 36.1% support (98,214 out of 271,990 votes cast) and Baker the remaining 63.9%.

Activities

Anti-abortion activism
In 1988, Lively began campaigning against abortion in Portland. In 1989, he became a spokesman for the Oregon Citizens Alliance and worked on the anti-abortion ballot measure for the 1990 United States midterm elections.

Anti-homosexuality activism in the United States
In 1991, Lively, together with Oregon Citizens Alliance, shifted focus from abortion to homosexuality citing the "rapid advance of that agenda in Oregon". In 1991, Lively assaulted Catherine Stauffer, throwing her against a wall and dragging her across the floor of a Portland church, at an Oregon Citizens Alliance event she had been trying to film. In 1992 he was found liable for damages in excess of $31,000.

Lively is the president of Abiding Truth Ministries, a conservative Christian organization based in Temecula, California which is listed by the Southern Poverty Law Center as an anti-gay hate group.

Anti-homosexuality activism in Latvia and Russia
In 2006, Lively met with Latvian pastor Alexey Ledyaev to form an international anti-gay organization called Watchmen on the Walls, which the Southern Poverty Law Center has dubbed a hate group. Lively spent the summer of 2006 lecturing at Latvian universities and meeting with lawmakers, and preached at Ledyaev's New Generation church. During Lively's speaking engagements, he claimed that Western activists (backed by the European Union) were trying to infiltrate Latvian society and spread homosexuality, particularly to children.

After his trip to Latvia, Lively then embarked on a fifty-city tour of Russia and other former Soviet republics, sponsored by Ledyaev's church, which had roughly 200 congregations and a regional TV channel. As Lively traveled from the Baltics to Siberia, he pressed officials to outlaw the "public advocacy of homosexuality" and urged officials from passing anti-discrimination laws. Eight of the nine countries he visited eventually weighed nationwide bans on "homosexual propaganda," and five (including Russia) either have bills pending or have since passed them into law. Lively takes partial credit for this development and calls Russia's gay propaganda ban his "proudest accomplishment."

In 2007, Lively wrote a Letter to the Russian people in which he advocated criminalizing "the public advocacy of homosexuality".

On August 30, 2013, in response to anti-LGBT legislation in Russia, Lively wrote an open letter addressed to Vladimir Putin saying, "You have set an example of moral leadership that has shamed the governments of Western Europe and North America and inspired the peoples of the world."

Lively appeared on Russian television channel Russia-1's documentary titled Sodom in September 2014.

Anti-homosexuality activism in Uganda
In March 2009, Lively, along with evangelical activists Don Schmierer and Caleb Lee Brundidge, arrived in Kampala to give a series of talks. "The theme of the event, according to Stephen Langa, its Ugandan organizer, was "'the gay agenda—that whole hidden and dark agenda'—and the threat homosexuals posed to Bible-based values and the traditional African family." Lively gave a lengthy presentation to members of Uganda's parliament and cabinet, in which he laid out the argument that the nation's president and lawmakers would later use to justify Uganda's anti-gay crackdown; namely that Western agitators were trying to unravel Uganda's social fabric by spreading "the disease" of homosexuality to children.

"[T]housands of Ugandans, including police officers, teachers and national politicians", reportedly attended the conference. Lively and his colleagues "discussed how to make gay people straight, how gay men often sodomized teenage boys, and how 'the gay movement is an evil institution' whose goal is 'to defeat the marriage-based society and replace it with a culture of sexual promiscuity.'" He asserted that the 1994 Rwandan genocide "probably" involved gay men whom he referred to as "monsters." Lively wrote days later that "someone had likened their campaign 'to a nuclear bomb against the gay agenda in Uganda.'"

The talks inspired the development of the Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Act, a private member's bill, proposed in the Ugandan parliament. The bill, submitted in November 2009, called for the death penalty in some cases, and was harshly criticized in the international community.

Lively expressed disappointment that "the legislation was so harsh." "Lively says he recommended an approach rooted in rehabilitation, not punishment, and says an anti-gay bill being considered by the Ugandan Parliament goes too far", even though he himself is not opposed to criminalizing homosexuality:[M]y advice to the parliament was to go the other direction from what they did to actually go on a proactive positive message promoting the family, promoting marriage, et cetera, through the schools, and that if they were going to continue to criminalize homosexuality that they should focus on rehabilitation and not punishment. And I was very disappointed when the law came out as it is written now with such incredibly harsh punishments.

Lively has stated that he will endorse the bill if the death penalty is removed.

In March 2010, Lively wrote:In my view, homosexuality (indeed all sex outside of marriage) should be actively discouraged by society—but only as aggressively as necessary to prevent the mainstreaming of alternative sexual lifestyles, and with concern for the preservation of the liberties of those who desire to keep their personal lifestyles private. Marriage-based culture served humanity very favorably during the centuries when homosexuality was disapproved but tolerated as a sub-culture in America, England and elsewhere. It has obviously not fared well in the decades since the so-called sexual revolution kicked open Pandora's Box and unleashed both rampant heterosexual promiscuity and "Gay Pride" on the world.In March of this year I had the privilege of addressing members of the Ugandan parliament in their national assembly hall when the anti-homosexuality law was just being considered. I urged them to pattern their bill on some American laws regarding alcoholism and drug abuse. I cited my own pre-Christian experience being arrested for drunk driving. I was given and chose the option of therapy which turned out to be one of the best decisions of my life. I also cited the policy in some U.S. jurisdictions regarding marijuana. Criminalization of the drug prevents its users from promoting it, and discourages non-users from starting, even while the law itself is very lightly enforced, if at all.

Lawsuit by Sexual Minorities Uganda v Scott Lively
On March 14, 2012, the Center for Constitutional Rights filed a federal lawsuit against Lively on behalf of a gay rights group, Sexual Minorities Uganda, under the Alien Tort Statute. The lawsuit accused Lively of violating international law by conspiring to persecute the Ugandan LGBT community. This first-of-its-kind lawsuit alleged that Lively's actions over the previous decade, in collaboration with some Ugandan government officials and Ugandan religious leaders, were responsible for depriving LGBT Ugandans of their fundamental human rights based solely on their identity; the lawsuit alleged that this fell under the definition of persecution under international law and was a crime against humanity. Lively was to answer the allegations under the Crime Against Humanity of Persecution. He has portrayed the Ugandan LGBT movement as "pedophilic" and "genocidal" and linked it "to the Nazis and Rwandan murderers". Regarding the allegations of violating international law, he said, "That's about as ridiculous as it gets. I've never done anything in Uganda except preach the Gospel and speak my opinion about the homosexual issue."

Pam Spees, a staff attorney for the Center for Constitutional Rights, said, "This is not just based on his speech. It's based on his conduct. Belief is one thing, but actively trying to harm and deprive other people of their rights is the definition of persecution."

On August 14, 2013, an American federal judge ruled that the case against Scott Lively, by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) on behalf of Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG), a Uganda-based coalition of LGBT rights and advocacy groups, could move forward. U.S. District Court Judge Michael Ponsor rejected the defendant's jurisdictional claims to dismiss the case, ruling that the plaintiffs were on solid ground under international and federal law and that First Amendment arguments were "premature".

In December 2014, the First Circuit Court of Appeals rejected another petition to dismiss the case.

In the summer of 2016 the case continued and a summary judgement hearing before Judge Ponsor was scheduled for September 14, 2016 in Springfield, Massachusetts.

In June 2017, Ponsor dismissed the case due to lack of jurisdiction, citing the 2013 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.

Reactions
Lively is listed in the Southern Poverty Law Center's "Extremist Files", which describes him as "actively propagandizing against LGBT people since the early 1990s." Abiding Truth Ministries has been listed by the Southern Poverty Law Center as an anti-gay hate group. Lively has, in turn, accused the SPLC of "hypocrisy and anti-Christian extremism". The American Family Association, the California branch of which Lively has directed, is also regarded by the Southern Poverty Law Center as a hate group.

Susan Ryan-Vollmar, a communications consultant and a former newspaper editor, wrote on the day after the September 2018 primary that Gov. Baker's "unspoken strategy for dealing with Lively throughout the primary was to ignore him." Neither was there, she said, a significant "local outcry" against Lively's candidacy.

Shift to anti-poverty activism
According to a January 2011 profile, Lively "has not changed his view that gays are 'agents of America's moral decline,' but he has refocused his approach to fit his parishioners in Springfield, Massachusetts", and "is toning down his antigay truths and shifting his focus to helping the downtrodden."

The Pink Swastika
Kevin E. Abrams and Lively co-authored The Pink Swastika (1995). Abrams and Lively state in the preface that "homosexuals [are] the true inventors of Nazism and the guiding force behind many Nazi atrocities."

The premise of Lively and Abrams' book has been criticized as a "pernicious myth", "utterly false", "a flat-out lie", and several historians have questioned Abrams and Lively's claims and selective use of research.

Personal life
Lively is married to Anne Gardner and has four children.

Political views

In 2020 Lively claimed Donald Trump lost the election because he is pro-LGBT.

Publications
The Pink Swastika (1996)
Seven Steps to Recruit-Proof Your Child: A Parent's Guide to Protecting Children from Homosexuality and the "Gay" Movement (1998)
Why and How to Defeat the "Gay" Movement (2000)
Redeeming the Rainbow: A Christian Response to the "Gay" Agenda (2009)

See also
 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2014
 List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBT hate groups

References

External links
Lively 2018 run for Governor of Massachusetts website
Official website and blog
Abiding Truth Ministries

1957 births
Living people
American evangelicals
American male writers
American conspiracy theorists
Ex-gay movement
LGBT rights in Uganda
LGBT and Protestantism
People from Temecula, California
People from Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts
American anti-abortion activists
Massachusetts Independents
Candidates in the 2018 United States elections
Candidates in the 2014 United States elections
Activists from California
Activists from Massachusetts
Massachusetts Republicans
Converts to Christianity
Pseudohistorians
American anti-poverty advocates
Propagandists
Propaganda in the United States


Low information voters, also known as misinformation voters, are people who may vote yet are generally poorly informed about issues. The phrase is mainly used in the United States and has become popular since the mid-1990s.

Origins
American pollster and political scientist Samuel Popkin coined the term "low-information" in 1991 when he used the phrase "low-information signaling" in his book The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Low-information signaling referred to cues or heuristics used by voters in lieu of substantial information to determine whom to vote for. Examples include voters liking Bill Clinton for eating at McDonald's and perceiving John Kerry and Barack Obama as elitist for wind-surfing and golfing, respectively.

Meaning
The ideological views of most low-information voters tend to be more moderate than those of high-information voters. Low-information voters are less likely to vote and when they do they generally vote for a candidate they find personally appealing. They tend to be swing voters and they tend to vote split-ticket more than well-informed voters do. Researchers attribute this to low-information voters not having developed clear cut ideological preferences.

Linguist George Lakoff has written that the term is a pejorative mainly used by American liberals to refer to people who vote conservative against what liberals assume to be their own interests and assumes they do it because they lack sufficient information. Liberals, he said, attribute the problem in part to deliberate Republican efforts at misinforming voters.

In a 2011 article titled "Goodbye to All That: Reflections of a GOP Operative Who Left the Cult", thirty-year Republican House of Representatives and Senate staffer Mike Lofgren characterized low-information voters as anti-intellectual and hostile-to-science "religious cranks" and claimed Republicans are deliberately manipulating low information voters to undermine their confidence in American democratic institutions.

A 2012 paper by six American political scientists called "A Theory of Political Parties: Groups, Policy Demands and Nominations in American Politics" challenged the idea that Republicans want a low-information electorate and argued instead that both major American parties do. Noting that 95% of incumbents in the highly polarized House of Representatives win re-election despite voters' preference for centrist representation, the paper theorizes that voters' infrequent penalizing of extremist behaviour represents not approval, but a lack of attention and information. This, the paper says, is supported by the fact that when congressional districts and media markets overlap to create more informed electorates, extremist House members are at much greater risk for defeat. The paper proposes that in the American political system interest groups and activists are the key actor and that the electorate is uninformed and bamboozled.

Effects
A 1992 study found that in the absence of other information, voters used candidates' physical attractiveness to draw inferences about their personal qualities and political ideology. A study performed using logistic regression analysis on data from the 1986 through 1994 American National Election Studies found that low-information voters tend to assume female and black candidates are more liberal than male and white candidates of the same party. A 2003 study that analyzed precinct-level data from city council elections held in Peoria, Illinois between 1983 and 1999 found that the placement of candidates' names on the ballot was a point of influence for low-information voters. An analysis concerned with the "puzzling finding" that incumbent legislators in mature democracies charged with corruption are not commonly punished in elections found that less-informed voters were significantly more likely to vote for incumbents accused of corruption than were their better-informed counterparts, presumably because they did not know about the allegations.

Voting correctly
Related to the concept of a low information voter, voting correctly is a concept from political psychology that refers to a vote decision "that is the same as the choice which would have been made under conditions of full information." Measurements of correct votes are used to determine how accurate low information voters are at determining the candidate or party that best represents the voters' interests.

See also
 Antiscience
 Populism
 Useful idiot

References

Elections
Political terminology
Information
Voting theory
Voting in the United States


Burnham v. Superior Court of California, 495 U.S. 604 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court case addressing whether a state court may, consistent with the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, exercise personal jurisdiction over a non-resident of the state who is served with process while temporarily visiting the state. All nine justices unanimously agreed that this basis for personal jurisdiction—known as "transient jurisdiction"—is constitutionally permissible. However, the Court failed to produce a majority opinion, as the members were sharply divided on the reasons for the decision, reflecting two fundamentally different approaches to how due-process issues are to be analyzed. Justice Scalia wrote the lead opinion, joined in whole or part by three other Justices. Justice Brennan wrote an opinion joined by three other Justices. Justices White and Stevens wrote separate opinions.

Procedural and factual history
Dennis Burnham and Frances Cecilia (Perelman) Burnham, a married couple residing in New Jersey, agreed to divorce. Francie moved to California on July 14, 1987, with the couple's two children. Thereafter she persuaded Dennis to delay filing the divorce action in New Jersey until 18 months of separation would qualify for a "no fault" divorce. Then, several months later in early 1988 and prior to the 6-month residency requirement in California, Francie filed an action for divorce in California Superior Court. Upon learning of this action, Dennis attempted to promptly file and serve the New Jersey action instead of waiting 12 more months. Dennis was served with the summons when he travelled to California to handle an unrelated business matter and visit his children; service was made on a Sunday in the children's home. The following day, Francie was served with the New Jersey summons. Courts later held that the California action was "first in time."

Dennis filed a "special appearance" in the California court and moved to quash the service of process. He argued that he was a non-resident of California and had no connection with California sufficient to establish personal jurisdiction over him consistent with the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Initially, the Superior Court in Marin County, California granted Dennis's request to allow New Jersey to decide the personal in personam jurisdiction issues and submit the subject matter in rem jurisdiction issues to California. Then, on a motion to reconsider, citing Pennoyer v. Neff (1877), the Superior Court reversed and denied Dennis's request to quash service. Dennis then petitioned for a writ of mandate from the California Court of Appeal for the First Appellate District, which denied relief, as did the California Supreme Court. Dennis then sought review from the United States Supreme Court, which granted certiorari to address the continued validity of transient jurisdiction in light of recent developments in the law of personal jurisdiction.

Approximately 29 months after the U.S. Supreme Court's decision, the California Superior Court granted the divorce in October 1992.

Legal background
At common law, recognized by the Supreme Court in Pennoyer v. Neff (1877), a civil action was commenced by serving process on the defendant within the forum jurisdiction. Service on a defendant within the forum state created jurisdiction over the defendant regardless of whether the defendant was a resident of the state or was merely visiting it, and regardless of whether the subject-matter of the lawsuit had anything to do with the defendant's activities in the state.

Subsequently, in International Shoe Co. v. Washington (1946) and Shaffer v. Heitner (1977), the Supreme Court held that the Due Process Clause requires that a state's exercise of personal jurisdiction over a defendant must comport with "traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice," at least when the defendant was not served with process in the forum state.

The issue in Burnham was whether, in light of International Shoe and Shaffer, service on a non-resident visiting a state remained a constitutionally-sufficient basis for the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the non-resident.

Judgment of the Court
The Court unanimously agreed that exercise of personal jurisdiction over Dennis Burnham based on "transient jurisdiction" through service of process was proper. However, the Justices could not agree on a rationale for the result, producing four separate opinions.

Justice Scalia's plurality opinion
Justice Scalia delivered the lead opinion in the case, joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice Kennedy, and in part by Justice White. Justice Scalia began by defining the question presented as "whether the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment denies California courts jurisdiction over a nonresident, who was personally served with process while temporarily in that State, in a suit unrelated to his activities in the State."

Justice Scalia took a historical approach to answering this question. In Justice Scalia's view, buttressed by citation of numerous cases, "[a]mong the most firmly established principles of personal jurisdiction in American tradition is that the courts of a State have jurisdiction over nonresidents who are physically present in the State." At common law, service of process on the defendant within the forum state was a prerequisite to exercising jurisdiction over the defendant in that state. In cases such as International Shoe Co. v. Washington and Shaffer v. Heitner, the Court had accepted that a non-resident served outside a state could still be subject to jurisdiction, but only where the defendant had "certain minimum contacts with it such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend 'traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.'" However, these cases did not support the converse argument that the longstanding practice of obtaining jurisdiction over a defendant by serving process within the forum might now violate due process. "[A] a doctrine of personal jurisdiction that dates back to the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment and is still generally observed unquestionably meets th[e] standard" of due process.

Justice Brennan's opinion
Justice Brennan, in an opinion joined by Justices Marshall, Blackmun and O'Connor, concurred that California could constitutionally exercise jurisdiction over Dennis Burnham because he had been served with process while visiting the state. However, Justice Brennan rejected Justice Scalia's contention that the long history of allowing transient jurisdiction was sufficient to resolve the case. According to Justice Brennan, the Court's decision in Shaffer v. Heitner required that all methods of obtaining jurisdiction must be evaluated according to contemporary notions of due process.

Justice Brennan acknowledged that while not dispositive, the historical pedigree of transient jurisdiction was relevant in evaluating its constitutionality, because it provided potential defendants with notice that visiting a state could lead to their being subject to jurisdiction on a lawsuit in that state. While voluntarily present in a state, an individual avails himself of benefits provided by that state. Moreover, developments in modern communications and transportation make it much less burdensome than previously for a non-resident to defend himself or herself in another jurisdiction. Procedural devices such as the doctrine of forum non conveniens are available in a case where litigating in the forum would be genuinely burdensome. Justice Brennan concluded that "[f]or these reasons, as a rule the exercise of personal jurisdiction over a defendant based on his voluntary presence in the forum will satisfy the requirements of due process."

Justice White's opinion
In a short opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment, Justice White stated that "[t]he rule allowing jurisdiction to be obtained over a nonresident by personal service in the forum state, without more, has been and is so widely accepted throughout this country that I could not possibly strike it down, either on its face or as applied in this case, on the ground that it denies due process of law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." In Justice White's view, while the Supreme Court has authority to strike down even traditional accepted procedures that do not provide due process, there was no basis for doing so in this case. There was no showing that allowing service of process within a state to provide a basis for jurisdiction "is so arbitrary and lacking in common sense in so many instances that it should be held violative of Due Process in every case." To avoid endless litigation, Justice White concluded that challenges to the fairness of jurisdiction based on service in individual cases need not be entertained, "[a]t least ... where presence in the forum state is intentional, which would almost always be the fact."

Justice Stevens's opinion
In a separate opinion concurring in the judgment, Justice Stevens stated that he declined to join either Justice Scalia's or Justice Brennan's opinion because he was "concerned by [their] unnecessarily broad reach." Justice Stevens stated that the historical evidence cited by Justice Scalia, the considerations of fairness discussed by Justice Brennan, and the common sense of Justice White's concurrence, "all combine to demonstrate that this is, indeed, a very easy case." In a footnote, Justice Stevens laconically mused that "[p]erhaps the adage about hard cases making bad law should be revised to cover easy cases."

See also
 List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 495
 List of United States Supreme Court cases
 Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
 List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court

External links
 Text of decision
Link to a summary of the case
Oral argument at the Oyez Project

References

United States Supreme Court cases
1990 in United States case law
1990 in California
Legal history of California
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
Due Process Clause
United States due process case law
United States personal jurisdiction case law


Terrance Corley Burrus is an American keyboardist, composer,
dj, record producer, conductor, business, realty and fashion designer executive.

Born in Brooklyn, New York, he started touring as a teenager, playing with jazz fusion violinist Michał Urbaniak and singer Jean Carne while still in high school in New York. At that time, Burrus replaced Urbaniak's keyboardist, Barry Eastman (who wrote "You Are My Lady" years later for Freddie Jackson). Burrus was brought to Jean Carne through percussionist-producer Norman Hedman, who was one of Burrus's musical mentors as a child. Later on, through these types of associations, Burrus went on to play with trumpeter Tom Browne, drummer Lenny White, and singer Melba Moore. Recommended by his friend and pianist Kenny Kirkland, who was the keyboardist for Sting during the mid-1980's, Burrus had moved on to play with the great Lena Horne in her award-winning show Lady and Her Music in 1984. The Lena Horne Quintet consisted of Terry on piano and keyboards, Ben Brown on bass, Rodney Jones on guitar, Wilby Fletcher on drums, Ron Bridgewater on saxophone, and music director Linda Twine, and an array of musicians from the London Symphony Orchestra. While still playing for artists, Burrus is releasing solo recordings and concertizing on his own.

In 1983, Terry released his first solo single, called "Love Rocking", for Arista Records; a funk/electro/soul piece written and with all vocals and instruments by Burrus, with a friend from high-school named Omar Hakim on drums. This was known as Terry Burrus and Transe, and was produced by Burrus and Marcus Miller, another high-school friend. Burrus and Miller, along with drummer Poogie Bell, Bobby Broom, another high-school guitar friend, and Bernard Wright (also a high-school companion), went on to play for an off-Broadway show written by Weldon Irvine in 1977 called Young Gifted And Broke at the Billie Holiday Theater in Brooklyn, New York. Irvine had co-written with Nina Simone the famed song "To Be Young, Gifted and Black". Return To Forever's drummer and jazz fusion pioneer Lenny White joined the "Young Gifted And Broke" crew of musicians as a replacement drummer for Poogie Bell at times, and this is where Burrus became ecstatic over the magic of Lenny White. This was during the high post-Chick Corea Return to Forever season.

As time went on, Terry became a respected recording session artist, playing on recordings of Michael Jackson, Toni Braxton, Janet Jackson, Swing Out Sister, Mariah Carey, The Cardigans, Donna Summer, Lisa Stansfield, Gloria Estefan, Madonna, Aretha Franklin, Phyllis Hyman, Frankie Knuckles, David Morales, Satoshi Tomiie, Todd Terry, and others. In addition, Burrus has always been intrigued by the great classical masters, having studied the artistry of Mozart, Beethoven, Handel, and many others during his school days in New York, and in his contemporary piano compositions and playing can be heard classical influences. He performs many classical piano recitals around the world as well as playing in the jazz and pop genres.

Burrus has been sideman/music director on many tours of Jazz Explosion, as they were known in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as on soul, dance and gospel concerts with the Harlem Gospel Singers, Gato Barbieri, George Benson, Angela Bofill, Larry Carlton, Bill Withers, Ramsey Lewis, Crown Heights Affair, Chaka Khan, Ronnie Laws, The Main Ingredient, Johnny Kemp, Stanley Clarke, Noel Pointer, Bobbi Humphrey. Burrus also wrote and produced with the president of Philadelphia International Records, Kenny Gamble, including "Living In Confusion" and "Forever With You" for Phyllis Hyman. Burrus wrote "I Just Love You So Much" for Billy Paul and wrote and produced "Love Goddess" for Lonnie Liston Smith. Burrus also wrote and produced "I'll Wait for You" and "The One And Only Lady In My Life" for Virgin recording group Burrell, among other compositions and productions to his credit.

With contributions to many remixes of artists from the 1980s to the present day, reinforcing the sound of house music and electronic music, his early associations working with Def Mix Productions, Frankie Knuckles, David Morales, Satoshi Tomei and Todd Terry, Junior Vasquez, Paul Simpson, Winston Jones, Dave Shaw, Jellybean Benitez, Tony Humphries, François K and many other international and American DJ producers have rooted him well on the dance-floor and in the remix world. Burrus has created sounds in electronica that he has extended into the worlds of Techno, Trance, Ambient, World Music and more, his piano style especially being prevalent and dominant in the 1990s on many recordings by well-known and new artists around the world.

Early life
Terry Burrus's interest in the organ and piano began at age five in Brooklyn at the Washington Temple Church of God In Christ, a Pentecostal church under the founder, Pastor Bishop F.D. Washington. Terry's mother, Carter Lee, and father, James, had been singing in the choir there since the mid-1950s. When Terry was five, his parents enrolled him at the Alfred Miller Music School, where he began playing gospel hymns a year or so later.

He studied music in New York City at the La Guardia School of Music And Art  and later attended Long Island University in New York. He gained a deeper affection for jazz, improvising, classical, and composing. All the time while in school, he was recording in his personal home recording studio and public studios as well as playing concerts worldwide as a sideman with Jean Carne, Michael Urbaniak, Tom Browne, Stanley Turrentine, Lenny White, Lena Horne, Phyllis Hyman, Crown Heights Affair, and The Main Ingredient with Cuba Gooding. Terry Burrus always credits Sticks Evans, his junior high school music teacher at John Coleman I.S. 271 Junior High School in Brooklyn, for giving him encouragement and inspiration as a youngster. Stick Evans played drums for Aretha Franklin and Sammy Davis, Jr. Apart from being his teacher and mentor, Stick Evans regarded Terry as a little brother or even a son. Through this relationship, Burrus acquired the strength to go on in the music world. In the late 1980s, Burrus moved into a newly built apartment in mid-Manhattan in the area where Evans lived for many years until his death in 1994.

Discography

As a leader
Bust It Out (1989; Easystreet)
Dance to the Mix (EP) (1990; Easystreet)
Urban Smooth Jazz (2006; Ichiban)
Mighty Mouth Vavoom (1985; Zakia/Bee Pee)
Invisible Weapon (1994; Startrak)
Love Rocking (in 1983; Arista)
Nation 2 Nation (1992; Ichiban)
Free Spirit (1991; Ichiban-EMI)
Soul of Jazz (1996; Ichiban)
I Am for You (1996; Lovelight)
Acid Jazz Hipabop Project (1994; Lovelight)
At the Konzerthaus in Dortmund (2007; Blue Corner)
Global Dancefloor Booked (2008; Lovelight)

As a sideman
George Benson - Big Boss Band with the Count Basie Orchestra (1990; Warner Bros.)
Lonnie Liston Smith - Love Goddess (1990; Startrak/Ichiban)
Tom Browne - Yours Truly (1981; GRP/Arista)
Michael Jackson - You Are Not Alone (1995; Epic)
Cardigans - Love Fool (1997; Motor/Mercury)
Mary J. Blige - Everything (1997; MCA/Universal)
Phyllis Hyman - Prime of My Life (1992; Zoo Entertainment)
Phyllis Hyman - Living All Alone (1986; Philadelphia International)
Lisa Stansfield - Change [Ultimate Club Mix] (Remixed by Frankie Knuckles) (1991, Arista)

References

 Jazz Review article Biography (Skelle, Belgium)
 Billboard Dance
 Hidden Cabaret Time Square Chronicles (2020)
 Cheryl Lacey Donovan (2015).  Blog Talk Radio
 Paris Events
 Broadway World Bonnie Rose, Stephen S. Miller (2021).
 OndaJazz
 Fran James Cross Rhythms (1992). Terry Burrus Review
Terry Burrus Soul Of Jazz Review. Peter's Contemporary Jazz (1996).
 Lena Horne Quintet https://sentinelarchivemrdia.blogspot.com
Allmusic.com

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century classical composers
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American pianists
African-American classical composers
American classical composers
African-American classical pianists
African-American male classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical pianists
American keyboardists
American male pianists
American pop pianists
Classical musicians from New York (state)
Living people
Musicians from Brooklyn
21st-century African-American musicians


Next Year in Zion is a 2008 studio album by Herman Düne. Lead singer and songwriter David-Ivar Herman Düne states "It's the first album that I write while I am happy. I used to think I needed to be a little sad, or at least melancholic to write, this one proved me wrong."

Track listing
All songs written by David-Ivar Herman Düne, except where noted.

 "My Home Is Nowhere Without You" – 4:11
 "Try to Think About Me (Don't You Worry a Bit)" – 4:04
 "When the Sun Rose Up This Morning" – 5:06
 "When We Were Still Friends" – 2:39
 "On a Saturday" – 3:59
 "My Baby Is Afraid of Sharks" – 4:32
 "Lovers Are Waterproof" – 4:52
 "Next Year In Zion" – 3:00
 "Someone Knows Better Than Me" – 4:17
 "My Best Kiss" – 3:46
 "Baby Baby You're My Baby" – 2:10
 "(Nothing Left But) Poison In the Rain" – 4:26

Personnel

David-Ivar Herman Düne – guitar, vocals<
Néman Herman Düne – drums
Dave Tattersall (of The Wave Pictures) – guitar
The Babyskins – backing vocals
The Jon Natchez Bourbon Horn Players (on loan from Beirut)

References

2008 albums
Herman Dune albums


Scout Moor Wind Farm is the second largest onshore wind farm in England. The wind farm, which was built for Peel Wind Power Ltd, produces electricity from 26 Nordex N80 wind turbines. It has a total nameplate capacity of 65 MW of electricity, providing 154,000 MW·h per year; enough to serve the average needs of 40,000 homes. The site occupies  of open moorland between Edenfield, Rawtenstall and Rochdale, and is split between the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale in northern Greater Manchester and the Borough of Rossendale in south-eastern Lancashire. The turbines are visible from as far away as south Manchester,  away.

A protest group was formed to resist the proposed construction, and attracted support from the botanist and environmental campaigner David Bellamy. Despite the opposition, planning permission was granted in 2005 and construction began in 2007. Although work on the project was hampered by harsh weather, difficult terrain, and previous mining activity, the wind farm was officially opened on 25 September 2008 after "years of controversy", at a cost of £50 million.

In 2012 Peel Energy sold its 50% share in the facility to Munich Re's asset management division MEAG. The other 50% holding was also purchased by MEAG from HgCapital Renewable Power Partners.

Geography
Scout Moor is an upland moor of peat bog and heather in the South Pennines, reaching a maximum elevation of  at its peak, Top of Leach. The underlying geology – a mixture of hard rock and soft shales – broadly belongs to the Lower Coal Measures. The rock and shales weather at different rates, giving the area a landscape of "steep escarpments separated by sloping shelves", although the main dome of the moor is flat and rounded. The moorland covers an area of about , of which less than , about 2%, is occupied by the wind farm.

Scout Moor Quarry, a  open-pit mine in Edenfield, is used for the extraction of gritstone and sandstone, and formerly had its own railway line. The eastern fringe of Scout Moor Wind Farm extends to Hail Storm Hill (also known as Cowpe Moss), one of the 180 Marilyns of England. The presence of coal under Scout Moor led to extensive and unrecorded shallow coal mining in the area during the 18th and 19th centuries. Adits, shafts and coal seams from that period mark the landscape.

History

One meaning of scout is a long ridge of rock, appearing to "shoot out" horizontally. The word is thought to be a corruption of the Old English sceot, meaning "shot" or "to shoot", suggesting Anglo-Saxon settlement in the locality at a very ancient time.

Although the UK Government has set a target of 10% for the proportion of the UK's electricity produced by renewable energy by 2010, wind power in the UK has a long history of controversy, with an average approval rate for planning permission of only 28% for onshore wind farms. Scout Moor was first identified as an excellent site for a wind farm in 2001. Peel Holdings commissioned market research consultants MORI to undertake a telephone poll over seventeen days in 2002, soliciting the opinions of residents in Bury, Rossendale and Rochdale about wind farms in general and Scout Moor in particular. The results showed that 88% of respondents thought wind farms were a very or fairly good idea, 72% thought the Scout Moor project was a very or fairly good idea, and 63% stated wind power as the preferred energy source.

The proposal to build a wind farm, in a joint venture between United Utilities and Peel Holdings, was announced in 2003. Shortly afterwards a pressure group, The Friends of Scout and Knowle Moor, was formed, and on 9 September 2003 representatives of the group attended a meeting of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury's, Ramsbottom and Tottington Area Board to oppose the plans. At the meeting, the spokesperson for the group said that, although they supported the use of alternative energy, they felt that this was the wrong area. Among the objections were that the scheme was contrary to the Unitary Development Plan and the Green Belt, and would adversely affect common land, open countryside and areas of ecological importance and special landscape value. The group also considered that the proposed development would be out of scale with the landscape, adversely affecting peat, water courses and wildlife, and would have a seriously detrimental visual impact, as well as causing a noise nuisance.

The second presentation was given by a representative of Scout Moor Wind Farm, who argued the need for Britain to produce clean green power without harmful emissions, to counter the increasing dangers of global warming. He went on to say that the UK has fewer wind farms than other major industrial countries in Europe, even though it is a windier country, and that North West England has a particularly poor record, with only 1.3% of electricity generated from renewable energy. Following this meeting the campaign to oppose the proposal gathered momentum, and in November 2003 a protest was held on the moor, led by environmental campaigner Professor David Bellamy.

Although Bury Metropolitan Borough Council supported the proposal, objections were raised by Lancashire County Council, Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council and Rossendale Borough Council, and a public enquiry was held in November and December 2004. The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry gave formal consent to the application for the development of the wind farm in May 2005, by which time United Utilities had sold their share in the project and ended their involvement. A number of conditions were imposed:

On 20 April 2006, Janet Anderson (Member of Parliament for Rossendale and Darwen) asked Margaret Beckett, then Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether the development would meet the provisions of the Commons Bill regarding the protection of and public access to common land. The reply from Jim Knight, (Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Rural Affairs, Landscape and Biodiversity) was that "[t]hese applications are made under section 147 of the Inclosure Act 1845. Consideration is given under these provision to the effect of the exchange on the general public's legal right of access over the land. The future provisions in the Commons Bill are not relevant."

Construction

The detailed design for the project was completed during summer 2006 and construction began in January 2007. The first task was to build a stable access road, but the moor was covered in a layer of peat with a low load-bearing capacity. The whole area had also been subjected to extensive coal mining during the 19th and early 20th centuries, so there was a potential for subsidence. To address these problems, the mining voids were grouted and a floating road was constructed, using a complex system of geotextiles and geogrids to prevent the road from sinking. This was achieved by laying a crushed-gravel base, reinforced with polyester and polypropylene grids, to bridge any potential mine voids and ensure that the weak shear strength of the subsoil was exceeded by the base course material.
The wind turbines arrived at Scout Moor in parts, transported by large goods vehicles along the M66 motorway to Edenfield as part of a 76-day-long convoy of delivery.

The weather constrained the wind farm's construction for the teams from contractor McNicholas and German turbine supplier Nordex. During the final stages, the project manager for McNicholas was quoted as saying:

The wind farm, which stretches across nearly  of open moorland between Edenfield, Rawtenstall and Rochdale, was officially opened on 25 September 2008. and was at that time the largest onshore wind farm in England. As of 26 August 2008, 21 of 26 turbines had been commissioned and 4,000 MW·h of electricity had been exported to the National Grid. The turbines are visible from south Manchester,  away, and are expected to produce enough electricity to meet the needs of 40,000 average homes. Scout Moor has the capacity to produce a total of 65 MW, compared with the 90 MW capacity of Kentish Flats, the United Kingdom's largest offshore wind farm. The total cost of the Scout Moor project was £50 million, but Peel Holdings expect the turbines to be in operation for at least 25 years. Since its opening, the wind farm "has become a real tourist attraction"; a calendar showing photographs of the wind farm's construction has been featured in local news stories.

Future plans
Over the lifetime of the wind farm, Peel Holdings' energy subsidiary, Peel Wind Power Ltd, will provide up to £500,000 to help landowners create biodiverse areas on the land surrounding the moor. A prime target habitat envisaged to be enhanced and re-created under the Habitat Enhancement Plan is upland blanket bog and important habitats for skylarks and wading birds on the moorland fringe. To receive funding, landowners within an identified area will need to apply to a panel made up of representatives from Peel, the local authorities and independent ecological experts. This panel will meet regularly throughout the year.

Peel Wind Power are members of RenewableUK and state in their member's profile that they are actively seeking new opportunities in the renewable energy sector. In November 2008, the company announced a two-year agreement to look at developing wind farms on land owned by UK Coal. If the 14 sites encompassed by the agreement were successfully developed, they would have the potential for 54 wind turbines generating up to 133 megawatts of power. Peel Energy director Steven Underwood said: "This agreement is an important step for Peel Energy, significantly expanding its onshore pipeline and gaining access to some of the UK's best potential wind farm locations." The Peel group holds a 28% stake in UK Coal.

At a private meeting held in May 2007 between developers, EnergieKontor UK, and invited local councillors, plans were put forward for another large wind farm consisting of 24 turbines on the moors above nearby Haslingden, spanning Thirteen Stone Hill and Oswaldtwistle Moor. Following the meeting Catherine Pilling, a Rossendale Liberal Democrat councillor, expressed her view that the natural beauty of the Rossendale Valley was under threat as it was increasingly being targeted by wind farm developers. "Our party is very much in favour of renewable energy," she said, "but Rossendale is an area of outstanding beauty, and you have to ask: Would they be building a similar thing in the Lake District?" Rossendale Borough Council leader Duncan Ruddick representing the electoral ward of Worsley in Rossendale, the proposed site of the new wind farm, said he was against wind farms and would be campaigning against it and speaking at the Development Control committee when it came. The leader of the Labour local councillors was also opposed to the plan, saying that he was concerned about the size of the turbines and that the visual impact on the "beautiful West Pennine Moors" would be devastating. Planning permission for the development was granted by Hyndburn Council in March 2010.

In August 2015 planning permission was granted by Rossendale Borough Council's development control committee to add a further 14 turbines at Scout Moor to create what is believed would be England's largest onshore wind farm, but the plans drew many objections from residents and two petitions were launched by local MPs opposing the scheme. In 2017 The Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government Sajid Javid MP overruled Rossendale council's decision but said he was "minded to approve" two additional turbines in Rochdale with a maximum height of 115 metres, subject to conditions, which would potentially enlarge Scout Moor to 28 turbines.

Specifications

Capacity factor

As the figures given in the table above were published before the turbines had been operational for a full year they are projected rather than recorded figures. Wind speed is not constant, therefore a wind farm's annual energy production never achieves the sum of the generator nameplate ratings multiplied by the total hours in a year. The ratio of actual productivity in a year to this theoretical maximum is called the capacity factor. Typical capacity factors are 20–40%, with values at the upper end of the range achieved on particularly favourable sites. The expected capacity factor for Scout Moor Wind Farm, calculated from the company's projected figures, is 27%. The actual capacity factor calculated from data published by OFGEM for January 2012 to December 2014 (three years of data) was 29.08%.

See also

 Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 www.scoutmoorwindfarm.co.uk, official website.
 www.manchesterismyplanet.com, climate change news for Greater Manchester.
 www.geograph.org.uk, Paul Anderson's Scout Moor construction picture gallery.

Power stations in North West England
Wind farms in England
The Peel Group
Buildings and structures in the Borough of Rossendale
Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale


The Libyan Arab Basketball Federation (LBF) is the governing body for men's and women's basketball in Libya.  LBF has been an affiliate of FIBA Africa since 1961 and its offices are located in Tripoli.  As of 2008 its president is Omar El Burshushi.

Federation Development

FIBA Africa Referees Clinic
The LBF was a traditional powerhouse in the North African region.  The Libyan national team participated in the FIBA Africa Championship games three times, in 1965, 1970, and 1978, where they placed fifth, fifth, and tenth respectively. In past years, the federation was not very active, but recently began initiating a couple of important activities to improve the level of play in Libya and the African continent. FIBA Sports Director Lubomir Kotleba, assisted by Boujemaa Jdaini, President of the Technical Commission of FIBA Africa, visited the country for a FIBA Africa referees clinic. The Clinic was held on March 20–24, 2005 in Tripoli, with participation of 46 Referees and Referee candidates from Algeria, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia. The two FIBA experts used the clinic to explain the latest changes in basketball rules, mechanics of basketball officiating as well as topics like officiating psychology, handling rough game situations and cooperation with players and coaches. The clinic concluded with a written test of basketball rules, a physical fitness test and a practical officiating test for referee candidates. At the closing ceremony, at which representatives of the Ministry for Sport and National Olympic Committee took part, the President of the LBF, Omar T. El Burshushi said "We all around Libyan Basketball are honored to be the host of one of the FIBA Africa Clinic for Referees in 2005. We are working very hard in improving the standard of our basketball. The organization of such clinic will certainly lead us towards better officiating."

International Ambitions
Abdulrahman N. Saddigh, Secretary General of LBF has big ambitions for hosting international events: "We have now completed in Tripoli two new sports halls which meet international requirements and we are ready to host the top African and even World competitions." In order to enhance the youth programs in the country, LBF hosted an international U21 tournament on April 12, 2005 in Tripoli with the participation of the national teams from Italy, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya.  For the Libya national basketball team, the Libyan federation signed Srdjan Antic, a coach from Serbia & Montenegro.

Libyan Division I Basketball League 2008–09

The 2008–09 season of the Libyan Division I Basketball League began on October 17, 2008. The season features two Divisions: the First Division consists of eight teams - those who finished in the top eight spots from the preceding season; the Second Division consists of five teams - including a new club that entered 2008's competition.

First Division:
Al-Ittihad
Al-Ahly Tripoli
Al Shabab
Al Nasr
Al-Ahly Benghazi
Al Madina
Al Hilal
Al-Moroug Al Marj

Second Division:
Al Jazeera
Al Yarmook
Al Tahaddi
Al Wahda
Al Amn Al'am

References

External links
Libya on AfricaBasket.com
Fiba.com
Libya Basketball at Goalzz.com

Libyan
Basketball
Basketball in Libya
Sports organizations established in 1961