Stefan Diez (born 1971 in Freising) is a German industrial designer whose Munich-based studio, DIEZ OFFICE, develops furniture, accessories, and exhibition designs.

Early life and education

Born in 1971 in Freising, Germany, to a family of "4th-generation carpenters", Diez had grown up around carpentry and cabinetmaking, which influenced his design. His introduction to furniture design started in 1991 when he worked as a cabinetmaker for three years. After spending a year working in Mumbai and Poona, India, Diez returned to Germany in 1996.

He matriculated at the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, where he earned a Bachelor's of Industrial Design in 2002 while studying under the likes of Richard Sapper.

Career

Before founding his own design studio DIEZ OFFICE in January 2003, Diez worked for Richard Sapper and then Konstantin Grcic. Since then, he has worked in various fields of design ranging from furniture and tableware to industrial design, as well as exhibition design for companies like Brunner, e15, Gandiablasco, HAY, Herman Miller, Magis, Midgard, Moroso, Rosenthal, Thonet, Vibia, Wilkhahn, Wagner and others. Diez's "Upon Bench" debuted at imm Cologne in 2007 to critical acclaim. His  Model No. 404 chair was influenced by the work of Michael Thonet, and is produced by Thonet. Many of his products have received international design awards, including the “Designpreis der Bundesrepublik Deutschland”, the “IF Gold award”, and the "Red Dot: Best of the Best".

Starting in 2007, Diez started teaching at the Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design and in 2015 he joined the faculty of Lund University's School of Industrial Design in Lund, Sweden. Since 2018, he has served as the Head of Industrial Design at the University of Applied Arts Vienna.

Sustainability
He considers "circular design" to be a key principle of his product design philosophy and "his products put forward a sustainable approach that combines multiplicity of use with superior durability". In fact, his AYNO lamp, designed for Midgard, received the 2021 German Sustainability Award.

Selected works

 MUDRA for BRUNNER chair family 2022
 PLUSMINUS for VIBIA lighting system 2022
 4th WALL with VIBIA AND MANY OTHERS temporary installation 2021–2022
 COSTUME for MAGIS modular sofa 2021
 MOD for SAMMODE lighting system 2021
 AYNO for MIDGARD lighting family 2020
 SHIRO for SCHÖNWALD tableware 2019
 HOUDINI 10 YEARS for E15 wooden chair family 2019
 D1 for WAGNER office chair collection
 FALLSTAFF for DANTE armchair 2018
 NEW ORDER for HAY furniture system
 404 for THONET chair

Selected awards

2022

 2022 AW Designer of the year

2021

 The Good Design Gold Award for Costume by MAGIS
 German Design award 2022 for D2 by Wagner
 Archiproducts Design Awards for Costume by MAGIS with special mention for sustainability

2020

 Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitspreis – The National German Sustainability Award 2020 for AYNO by Midgard
 German Design Award in Gold 2020 for SHIRO by Schönwald
 German Design Award 2020, Excellent Product Design, for RGB by Burgbad

2019

 2019 Wallpaper Design Award für Pendelleuchte „Guise“
 2019 Architectural Digest The Cleverest Awards 2019 for RGB by Burgbad

2018

 2018 Red Dot Best of the Best Award für Stuhl „D1“

 Interior Innovation Award imm Cologne, winner of the „best of the best award” for the product „D1” by Wagner
 German Design Award 2018 winner for the product „GUISE“ by Vibia
 Red Dot Best of the Best Award 2018 for the product”GUISE” by Vibia

2016

 Red Dot Best of the Best Award für Kaminofen „Logastyle Lucrum“
 German Design Award 2016 for the project “LOGASTYLE LUCRUM” by Buderus

2015

 Red Dot Award 2015, for the product „YARD” Lounge chair by EMU
 Wallpaper* Design Award, Best grid for the product „YARD” Armchair by EMU

2011

 2011 2 × Red Dot Best of the Best Award für „Chassis“ und „Homme“

2007

 2007 Materialica Design & Technology Award

2006

 Designpreis der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Silber (2006) für sein für Thomas gestaltetes Oven-to-table Programm (feuerfestes Geschirr)

2004

 interior innovation award der internationalen Möbelmesse imm cologne (2004)
 Internationaler Designpreis Baden-Württemberg, GER (2004) »Genio« + »Tema«
 Die Gute Industrieform / iF, GER (2004) »Genio« + »Tema«

2002

 Bayerischer Staatspreis für Nachwuchsdesigner (2002)
 Design Report Award (2002)

Selected publications

 Archiproducts
 Baunetz
 NOMAD MAGAZINE
 AW Designer of the year 2022
 DAMN MAGAZINE
 Goethe Institut

References

1971 births
Living people
People from Freising
German industrial designers


Phichai may refer to:

Phichai District
Phichai, Lampang
Phraya Phichai, historic Thai nobleman in the Ayutthaya period

See also
Pichai (disambiguation)


Khun Tan may refer to:

Khun Tan Range
Doi Khun Tan National Park
Khun Tan Tunnel, the longest railway tunnel in Thailand in Lampang and Lamphun provinces
Khun Tan Station, the highest railway station in Thailand
, after  "Tan" (ตาล), the Borassus flabellifer palm tree
Khun Tan District in Chiang Rai province
Khun Tan River, Chiang Rai province


Anpara Thermal Power Station is located at Anpara in Sonbhadra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about  from Varanasi on the Varanasi - Shakti Nagar route. It has a total power-generation capacity of 3850 MW using 9 units.

Operations
There are in total nine operational units, all of which are coal-fired thermal power stations. The machinery for the UPRVUNL's Anpara A ( 3 units of 210MW each) are from Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. UPRVUNL'S Anpara B (two units of 500 mW each) from Toshiba Corporation, Japan. Machinery for Anpara C were sourced by Lanco power from Dongfang Electric Company (China). Machinery for UPRVUNL'S Anpara D (2 units of 500 MW Each) is sourced from BHEL.

The coal to all these units is fed from Kharia, Kakri and Beena open coal mines of NCL by company owned freight trains, a merry go round system maintained by UPRVUNL and previously on roads by Dumpers.

Capacity

In year 2007 Anpara C was allotted to be constructed in PPP sector domain. The new 2x600MW power plant made under PPP By Lanco Infratech. On 13 November 2019 there was a blast in Anpara D due to accidental leakage of hydrogen gas from the generator of 500 MW unit and made two  500 MW units out of operation. The blast was so intense and severe that the generator of one of the unit simply turned into pieces and four assistant engineers who were in control room suffered splinter and burn injuries.

References

External links

 uprvunl.org
 Uttar Pradesh and coal at SourceWatch (for a listing of Anapara power stations)

Coal-fired power stations in Uttar Pradesh
Buildings and structures in Sonbhadra district
2015 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Energy infrastructure completed in 2015


Thomas Archer, 1st Baron Archer (21 July 1695 – 19 October 1768) was an English Member of Parliament, who was created Baron Archer in 1747. His arms are blazoned: Azure three arrows or.

Biography

He was the eldest son and heir of Andrew Archer of Umberslade Hall in Tanworth in Arden, Warwickshire and his wife Elizabeth Dashwood. His younger brother was Henry Archer. Thomas succeeded his father to Umberslade in 1741.

He served as Member of Parliament of Warwick from 1735 to 1741 and then for the rotten borough of Bramber in Sussex from 1741 until 1747, when he was raised to the peerage.  He was also Custos Rotulorum of Flintshire from 1750 to 1753.

In 1734 he became a trustee, together with his younger brother, for the newly formed colony of Georgia on the east coast of America.

He married Catherine Tipping, daughter of Sir Thomas Tipping, 1st Baronet and Anne Cheke, and had a son and daughters.
He was succeeded by his son Andrew Archer, 2nd Baron Archer, on whose death in 1778 the title became extinct. His daughter Catherine married Other Windsor, 4th Earl of Plymouth.

See also
 Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America
 Umberslade Obelisk

Ancestry

References

External links
thePeerage.com: Thomas Archer, 1st Baron Archer

1695 births
1768 deaths
People from Tanworth-in-Arden
1
Peers of Great Britain created by George II
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747


County of Hawke was a 19th-century parliamentary electorate in what is now the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand in the 2nd New Zealand Parliament in 1860.

History

In 1858 the General Assembly made some significant changes to electoral boundaries and increased parliamentary representation from 37 members to 41. One of the changes meant the  electorate was split into its two separate components (with both  and County of Hawke expanding inland into previously unincorporated areas). County of Hawke was represented by two Members of Parliament, James Ferguson, incumbent in the seat as member for the previous Wairarapa and Hawke's Bay electorate and Thomas FitzGerald from 26 April to 5 November in 1860 after winning the .

The second Parliament was dissolved on 5 November, and FitzGerald did not seek election to the new Parliament. He had been elected Superintendent of the new Hawke's Bay Province in 1859. He moved to Queensland, Australia in 1862.

In 1861, the new Napier seat was formed in Hawke's Bay.

Members

References

Historical electorates of New Zealand
Politics of the Hawke's Bay Region
1858 establishments in New Zealand
1860 disestablishments in New Zealand


Touran may refer to:

People
 Dana Touran (born 1993), Jordanian taekwondo practitioner
 Touran Mirhadi (1927–2016), Iranian educator, researcher, and author

Other uses
 Touran Wildlife Refuge, a national park in Semnan, Iran
 Volkswagen Touran, a 2003–present German compact MPV


Taisei may refer to:

 , a historical Japanese name for the "Far West", aka Europe
Taisei (given name)
Taisei (Ryukyu), a chief of the Ryūkyū Islands
Taisei Corporation, a construction company
Taisei Yokusankai, a fascist party of Imperial Japan


Patrick 'Pa' Kearney (born 16 November 1987) is an Irish sportsman. He plays hurling with his local club Ballyduff Upper and has been a member of the Waterford senior inter-county team since 2007.

Playing career

Club

Kearney plays his club hurling with Ballyduff Upper.  Kearney has had several successes with the club, including winning the Waterford Intermediate Hurling Championship with the club in 2005 and the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship in 2007.

Inter-county
Kearney first came to Justin McCarthy's attention after an impressive performance at club level.  While Kearney joined the panel during the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 2007, Kearney did not play his first game for Waterford until the National Hurling League 2008.  Kearney was part of the Waterford squad which made the 2008 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, the county's first final since 1963.  Unfortunately for Kearney, Waterford ended up losing heavily to Kilkenny GAA in the final.
Kearney was injured in a car crash in 2009 suffering a spinal injury and will not take part in Waterford's 2010 Hurling Season.
All in Waterford GAA wish Kearney a speedy and successful recovery and hope to see him playing hurling for Waterford in the near future.

References

1987 births
Living people
Ballyduff Upper hurlers
Waterford inter-county hurlers


The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held on Tuesday, August 9, 1932.

Twenty-eight swimmers from seven nations competed.

Medalists

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Japan set a new world record with 8:58.4 minutes. They bettered the standing world record by more than 35 seconds and broke the nine-minute barrier.

Results

As there were only seven nation who competed in this event only a final was held.

Final

References

External links
Olympic Report

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
Men's events at the 1932 Summer Olympics


L'Esportiu, previously known as El 9 Esportiu (), is a Catalan daily sports newspaper, based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

History
The newspaper was founded on 2 January 2002, and being the unique Catalan language daily sports newspaper. In addition to selling individual, is also included in several newspapers as El Punt, Segre, Regió 7 and Diari d'Andorra.

El 9 esportiu offers three editions customized for Girona, Barcelona and Tarragona, which include all the information from the elite sport and sport for each local area. These editions are distributed in conjunction with the corresponding edition of the newspaper El Punt.

In 2003, was awarded with the National Award for the Social Projection of the Catalan language, granted by the Catalan government, in recognition of being "the first sports daily in catalan, which has contributed to the consolidation and growth of Catalan language in sport".

External links
 L'Esportiu

2002 establishments in Spain
Catalan-language newspapers
Newspapers published in Barcelona
Newspapers established in 2002
Sports newspapers
Sports mass media in Catalonia
Sports mass media in Spain
Daily newspapers published in Spain


Satwant Singh is a Zambian rally driver, and 8-time winner of the African Rally Championship.

A successful businessman and entrepreneur, Singh is a well established and much decorated figure in motor sport, especially in Central and Southern Africa.

Born on 3 March 1943 he is the youngest of his siblings. Eldest sister Gurdeep and followed brother Guru Singh.

Family:
Lee-Anne Singh nee Piers met Satwant in 1974 in Lusaka through her brother, Adrian Piers, who served for Satwant in 1973 for the East African Safari Rally when he finished seventh, the highest-placed private entry.
Their romance was fraught with many battles on several levels cultural, societal, age and family. Despite all odds they did get married have two daughters Prethi and Mandeep, and 2 grandchildren.

Rallying is in the Singh's blood and very prevalent even today with his nephews and nieces and a generation further!

Satwant's siblings:
Gurdeep has two children Raju and Pappu Saran who also rallied.
Guru Singh has three children Rammy, Tinky and Muna Singh all with notable careers in Rallying.

Past achievements
 8 times FIA African Continent Rally Champion - 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000
 Awarded the “Order of Distinguished Services” (ODS) by the Head of State (Zambia) for outstanding sporting performance.
 Awarded the “Outstanding Contribution to Sport” by the National Sports Council of Zambia
 Zambian National Rally Champion - 1972, 1975, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1998
 Rothmans of Pall Mall Sportsman of the Year - 1972, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1997
 Rothmans of Pall Mall International Sportsman of the Year - 1996
 Orbitsports Man of the Month - April & October 1976

International attainments
East African Safari Rally
 1976	13th overall	Datsun 180B	Dave Haworth - Highest placed private entry, Class winner
 1973	7th overall	Colt Galant 	John Mitchell - Outstanding Performance Award
 1972			   Datsun 1200 - Meritorious Performance Award

Zimbabwe Challenge
 1998
 1997
 1996	3rd overall	Subaru Impreza	S. Thatthi
 1995	2nd overall	Hyundai Accent	Jim Redmond
 1993	2nd overall	Toyota Celica	Supee Soin
 1991	2nd overall	Mitsubishi VR4	Mike Doughty
 1990	1st overall	VW Golf GTi 	S. Thatthi
 1989	2nd overall	VW Golf GTi	S. Thatthi
 1988	1st overall	Opel Manta	S. Thatthi
 1987	1st overall	Opel Manta	S. Thatthi
 1985	1st overall	Opel Manta	Supee Soin
 1984	5th overall	Fiat 131	Jim Pilling

Zambia Int Rally
 2000	1st overall	Subaru Impreza	S. Thatthi
 1998	1st overall
 1997	1st overall	Subaru Impreza	S.Thatthi
 1996	1st overall	Hyundai Elantra	Jim Redmond
 1995	1st overall	Hyundai Accent	E. Gangat
 1994	1st overall	VW Golf GTi	L.A. Singh
 1993	2nd overall	Toyota Celica	E. Gangat
 1992 	2nd overall	VW Golf GTi	M. Verjee
 1991	1st overall	VW Golf GTi	S. Thatthi
 1989	1st overall	VW Golf GTi	S. Thatthi
 1988	2nd overall	Opel Manta	L.A. Singh
 1987	2nd overall	Opel Manta 	Thee Soin
 1986	1st overall	Opel Manta	Chris Jennings
 1985	1st overall	Opel Manta	Guy Hall
 1975	1st overall	Datsun 1600SSS	Dave Haworth
 1974	1st overall	Datsun 1600SSS	John Mitchell
 1970	2nd overall	Datsun 1600SSS	John Mitchell
 1969	3rd overall	Peugeot 404	John Mitchell

Castrol Rally SA
 2000
 1998
 1997	10th overall	Subaru Impreza	S. Thatthi
 1996	12th overall	Hyundai Elantra	S. Thatthi
 1994	3rd overall	Toyota Celica	Richard Leeke
 1993	4th overall	Toyota Celica	Richard Leeke

PMC Rally SA
 1997	12th overall	Subaru Impreza	S. Thatthi
 1996	12th overall	Subaru Impreza	S. Thatthi

Safari du Zaïre
 1991	2nd overall	VW Golf GTi	S. Voukovich
 1987	Best Sportsman Award Opel Manta	Guy Hall
 1986	Meritorious Award Opel Manta	Guy Hall

Rallye du Burundi
 1997	1st overall	Subaru Impreza	S.Thatthi
 1993	1st overall	Toyota Celica	Luc Verhulst
 1991	1st overall	Mitsubishi VR4	L.Verhulst
 1990	1st overall	VW Golf GTi	Luc Verhulst
 1989	1st overall	VW Golf GTi	Luc Verhulst
 1988	1st overall	VW Golf GTi	Luc Verhulst

Rallye du Rwanda
 2000	2nd overall	Subaru Imprezza	M. Goma
 1989	1st overall	VW Golf GTi	Luc Verhulst
 1988	2nd overall	VW Golf GTi	Luc Verhulst

Total Tara Namibia
 2000	2nd overall	Subaru Impreza	M. Goma
 1998
 1997	10th overall	Subaru Impreza	S.Thatthi
 1994	4th overall	VW Golf GTi	K. Pretorious
 1991	2nd overall	VW Golf GTi 	S. Thatthi

Equator Rally Kenya
 2000 	6th overall	Subaru Impreza	M.Verjee
 1998	3rd overall
 1997	6th overall	Subaru Impreza	S. Thatthi
 1996	1st overall	Subaru Impreza	S. Thatthi
 1993	3rd overall	Toyota Celica	S. Thatthi
 1991	3rd overall	Mitsubishi VR4	S. Thatthi

Tanzania Thousand
 1973	2nd overall	Datsun 1600SSS	John Mitchell
 1972	3rd overall	Datsun 1600SSS	John Mitchell
 1971	6th overall	Datsun 1200	John Mitchell
 1969	2nd overall	Peugeot 404	Guru Singh

Pearl of Africa Rally
Uganda
2nd overall	Subaru Impreza	M.Goma

References

5. https://zambezimagic.dstv.com/news/my-story-premieres-with-satwant-singh
6.https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/december-1994/63/rally-review-zambia-rally

Zambian rally drivers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Zambian people of Indian descent


The Bumblebee Flies Anyway is a young adult novel by Robert Cormier. It was published in 1983.

Plot synopsis

The novel's main character is Barney Snow. Snow is an American resident of "the Complex", an experimental facility where drugs are tested on children and teens with terminal illnesses. He questions why he is there and what is being done to him, but also uncovers a terrible secret about himself. Later, he starts to devise a plan that will take him and the people around him on one last glorious ride.

Awards and nominations

 1985 Colorado Blue Spruce Young Adult Book Award (Nominee)

Film adaptation

In 1999, a film adaptation of the novel was released. The film starred Elijah Wood and was directed by Martin Duffy.

References

1983 American novels
Novels by Robert Cormier
American young adult novels
Pantheon Books books
American novels adapted into films


The Stratford Adventure is a 1954 Oscar-nominated  documentary film about the founding of the Stratford Festival, directed by Morten Parker for the National Film Board of Canada.

It tells the story of how the small Canadian city of Stratford, on the banks of the Avon River, realized the vision of local journalist Tom Patterson: the creation of a theatre for the staging of the finest Shakespearean drama. Patterson gathered a committee of local people and invited Tyrone Guthrie to advise on the festival and direct the plays. A fund was set up, an Elizabethan stage built, and Alec Guinness and Irene Worth were signed to perform alongside Canadian actors in Richard III and All's Well That Ends Well.

The film shows Alec Guinness giving Timothy Findley lessons in breath control, Tyrone Guthrie directing rehearsals, and the creation of elaborate sets and costumes. It also shows the crucial meeting which took place when the project was facing bankruptcy, then visitors flocking to Stratford, and scenes from the triumphant reality of the plays.

Cast
 Michael Bates as himself
 Timothy Findley as himself
 Alec Guinness as himself
 Tyrone Guthrie as himself
 Irene Worth as herself

Awards
 Edinburgh International Film Festival, Edinburgh, Scotland: Diploma of Merit, 1954
 7th Canadian Film Awards, Toronto: Genie Award for Film of the Year, 1955
 7th Canadian Film Awards, Toronto: Genie Award for Best Theatrical Documentary, 1955
 Kootenay Film Festival, Nelson, British Columbia: First Prize, Artistic Achievement, 1956
 Columbus International Film & Animation Festival, Columbus, Ohio: Award of Merit, Literature in Films, 1956
Johannesburg International Film Festival, Johannesburg: Certificate of Merit, 1956
 27th Academy Awards, Los Angeles: Nominee: Best Documentary Feature, 1955

See also
 William Shakespeare

References

External links

1954 films
1950s English-language films
1954 documentary films
1954 short films
Canadian short documentary films
National Film Board of Canada short films
Documentary films about theatre
Films produced by Guy Glover
Films shot in Ontario
Films scored by Louis Applebaum
National Film Board of Canada documentaries
Best Picture Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
1950s Canadian films


Joseph Montigny was a Belgian gunsmith, from Fontaine l'Evèque near Brussels, and the developer of the Montigny mitrailleuse, an early European machine gun, in 1863. The design was based on the early 1850s prototype of a volley gun by the Belgian officer Fafschamps. Montigny managed to offer his design to Napoléon III, who adopted it in 1867, with Colonel De Reffye making various improvements to the weapons.

Joseph Montigny also developed various rifles and shotguns with breech loading mechanisms based on the designs of the Swiss inventor Jean Samuel Pauly.

Notes

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Artillery of Belgium
Gunsmiths


Christopher Columbus Baldwin (May 18, 1830 – May 12, 1897) was the Naval Officer of the Port of New York from 1894 to 1897 who was prominent in New York Society during the Gilded Age.

Early life
Baldwin was born in 1834 at his family's estate, Bunker Hill, near Millersville in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.  He was the son of William Henry Baldwin (1792–1874) and Jane Maria (née Woodward) Baldwin (1798–1866).

His father served with distinction in the War of 1812, under Commodore Lewis Warrington, and his grandfathers both served in the American Revolutionary War, commissioned officers in the 1st Maryland Regiment under General William Smallwood.

He was educated in the South and moved to New York before the beginning of the Civil War.

Career
After moving to New York, he was associated with the dry goods business of Woodward, Baldwin & Co., which did a lot of business in the South, and controlled several of the largest manufacturers in the South.  In this role, he served as president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad for four years when he resigned due to management differences with the other major stockholders.

In 1884, he was appointed a member of the New York Aqueduct Commission by then Gov. Grover Cleveland, who was a close friend of his.  He succeeded George W. Lane and served for four years, retiring in 1888.  After the Commission, where he was instrumental in the construction of the Croton Aqueduct, he returned to railroads and with D. J. Mackey, he invested in the Evansville and Crawfordsville Railroad.  He was also a director of the New-York Life Insurance Company and a trustee of the New-York Security and Trust Company.

In 1894, then President Cleveland appointed him Naval Officer of the Port of New York,  Baldwin replaced Theodore B. Willis, who had been appointed by President Benjamin Harrison.  He served in this role until his death in 1897.

Society life
In 1892, his son, daughter, and himself were included in Ward McAllister's "Four Hundred", purported to be an index of New York's best families, published in The New York Times.  He owned a cottage in Newport, known as the "Baldwin villa" which was located at the corner of Bellevue Avenue and Narragansett.  The cottage was rented to Gouverneur Kortright in 1895.  In 1896, he rented Mrs. A. M. King's Newport cottage on Ayrault Street for the season.  He hosted Donald M. Dickinson at the home in July 1896.

Baldwin was a member of the Manhattan Club, the Metropolitan Club, the Union Club, the Knickerbocker Club, the Democratic Club and Reform Clubs, the Southern Society, the Down Town Association, the South Side Sportsmen's Club, and the American Geographical Society.  He was also a governor of the Newport Casino and member of the Westchester Country Club.

Personal life

Baldwin was married to Sarah "Sallie" Roman (1843–1873). She was the daughter, and sole heir, of James Dixon Roman (1809–1867), a U.S. Representative who was president and part owner of Old Hagerstown Bank.  Together, Baldwin and Sallie were the parents of four children:

 Susie Blow Baldwin (d. 1873)
 James Dixon Roman Baldwin (1869–1912), a lawyer who did not marry.
 Louise Roman Baldwin (1871–1950), who married William Benjamin Bristow (1861–1955), the son of Benjamin Bristow, the 30th U.S. Treasury Secretary and 1st Solicitor General, in 1907.
 Columbus Calvert Baldwin (1872–1899), who died unmarried at age 26 of typhoid fever.

Baldwin died in Newport, Rhode Island on May 12, 1897.

References

External links

1830 births
1897 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople


Three vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Selby, after the North Yorkshire town:

  was a 22-gun ship launched at Wapping in 1654 and renamed  in 1660.  Converted to a fireship in 1674, she was sunk in 1694 to help form foundations at Sheerness.
 HMS Selby was a storeship purchased in April 1781 and sold on 2 December 1783.
  was the mercantile Selby, launched in 1791 in Whitby, purchased in 1798 for service as a 22-gun ship, and sold in December 1801. She then returned to mercantile service as the West Indiaman Selby, and was probably wrecked in February 1807; she was last listed in 1810.

References

Royal Navy ship names


The César Award for Best Short Film () is an award presented by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma since 1992.

Winners and nominees

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also
Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film
BAFTA Award for Best Short Film
European Film Award for Best Short Film

References

External links

 César Award for Best Short Film at AlloCiné

Short Film
Short film awards


Gérald Edmond Louis Baticle (born 10 September 1969) is a French professional football manager and former player who played as a striker. He was most recently the manager of Angers in Ligue 1.

Playing career
Born in Amiens, Baticle started his professional career in his native Picardy region at Amiens but quickly attracted the attention of Guy Roux who recruited him at Auxerre. He played his first game in Ligue 1 on 19 September 1991 against Metz. In the 1992–93 season, he was the UEFA Cup's top goalscorer as Auxerre reached the semi-finals where they were edged out by Borussia Dortmund after a penalty shootout. A year later, Baticle scored one of Auxerre's goal during the final of the French cup where the AJA defeated Montpellier 3–0 to win its first national title. In the 1994–95 season, he had to face the concurrence of an emerging Lilian Laslandes for the sole striker post in Guy Roux's emblematic 4-3-3.

Baticle then chose to move to an ambitious Strasbourg side where he joined a team composed of Frank Leboeuf, Franck Sauzée and Aleksandr Mostovoi. He spent three seasons at Strasbourg and was a captain there after Leboeuf's departure in 1996. He was repositioned as an offensive midfielder by Jacky Duguépéroux and, in this position, was instrumental in Strasbourg's 1997 League cup triumph as well as the good UEFA Cup run the following season.

He was then back for a season and a half at Auxerre as a transition striker between world champion Stéphane Guivarc'h and the young Djibril Cissé. In December 1999, he was transferred to Metz where he enjoyed decent success as a striker for three years in a struggling team. When Metz was relegated, Baticle moved to Troyes for a season before ending his career in 2003–04 with Ligue 2 side Le Havre.

Coaching career
Baticle was a successful youth coach for three seasons with Auxerre's under 18 team, reaching the final of the Coupe Gambardella in 2007. In October 2008, Pascal Janin was sacked from his post at Stade Brestois and it was rumoured that general manager Corentin Martins was eager to bring his former Auxerre teammate at Brest for the managing job but the move was at first opposed by Auxerre's president Jean-Claude Hamel. Ultimately, a compromise was found and Baticle joined Brest, winning his first game 4–0 against Bastia on 7 November 2008. He was fired in May 2009 and replaced by Alex Dupont.

On 22 December 2022, Baticle was sacked by Angers.

Career statistics

Managerial statistics

Honours

As a player
 Coupe de France: 1994
 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1995
 Coupe de la Ligue: 1997

As a manager
 Coupe Gambardella runner-up: 2007

References

External links
Player profile at Racingstub
Profile on Brest's site

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Amiens
Men's association football forwards
French men's footballers
Amiens SC players
AJ Auxerre players
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
FC Metz players
Le Havre AC players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
French football managers
Angers SCO managers
Stade Brestois 29 managers


is a subway station on the  Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line in Sawara-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a catfish in violet, the sign of the Kamo Shrine.

Lines
Fukuoka City Subway
Nanakuma Line

Platforms

Vicinity
Kanakuzu River
Kamo Shrine
Yamada Denki
Fukuoka Dental College
Fukuoka College of Health Sciences

History
February 3, 2005: Opening of the station

References

Railway stations in Japan opened in 2005
Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Nanakuma Line


Reichsbahndirektion Augsburg (RBD Augsburg) was a Deutsche Reichsbahn railway division within the Bavarian Group Administration in southern Germany.

The area covered by this division included the province of Swabia in Bavaria and extended into Upper Bavaria in the area around Augsburg. The southern section of the Ludwig South-North Railway ran through the divisional area along its entire length from (Gunzenhausen) via Donauwörth, Augsburg and Kempten (Allgäu) as far as Lindau.

Important routes within the division were:

 (Ulm) – Augsburg – (Munich)
 (Treuchtlingen) – Donauwörth – Augsburg – (Munich)
 (Ulm) – Donauwörth – (Ingolstadt) along the Danube
 (Ulm) – Memmingen – Kempten
 (Munich) – Buchloe – Kempten – Lindau

External links
Map of RBD Augsburg

History of rail transport in Bavaria
Transport in Augsburg
Augsburg


The Canadian rock band Theory of a Deadman has released eight studio albums, one extended play (EP), thirty-seven singles, and twenty-six music videos. The band was formed in 1999 in Delta, British Columbia, by Tyler Connolly (lead vocals and guitars), Dave Brenner (guitar), Dean Back (bass), and former member Tim Hart (drums). They had been through multiple drummers before recruiting current member Joey Dandeneau in 2009.

Nickelback's Chad Kroeger signed the group to his record label, 604 Records, in 2001 after Connolly gave Kroeger's ex-girlfriend a copy of their demo, and the following year, Theory of a Deadman released their eponymous debut album. The record was certified platinum by Music Canada (MC; formerly known as the Canadian Recording Industry Association) and peaked at numbers four and eighty-five on the Billboard Canadian Albums and US Billboard 200 charts, respectively. Their next album, Gasoline, was released in 2005.

In 2008, the band released their third studio album, Scars & Souvenirs, which spawned several successful singles, including "Not Meant to Be", "Bad Girlfriend", "All or Nothing", and "Hate My Life". Three of these songs were on the Billboard Hot 100 and have been the only singles to be seen on this particular chart. The album was certified platinum by both MC and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and was on the Billboard 200 chart for 110 weeks, peaking at number twenty-six. It also won the Western Canadian Music Award for "Rock Recording of the Year" in 2009.

Subsequent albums The Truth Is... (2011) and Savages (2014) both peaked on the Billboard 200 at number eight and appeared on the UK Albums chart, reaching numbers 68 and 41, respectively. The band recorded their first EP, Angel Acoustic EP, in 2015. Wake Up Call was released in October 2017 with the lead single, "Rx (Medicate)" (a song addressing the opioid epidemic in Canada and the United States), reaching number one on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and earning a "No. 1 Song Award" from the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN).

The band released their thirty-seventh single "History of Violence" in 2019, and announced a release date of January 31, 2020, for their seventh studio album Say Nothing.

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Notes

Promotional Singles

Music videos

Notes

References

External links

 Theory of a Deadman discography at AllMusic

Rock music group discographies

Discographies of Canadian artists


The 13th Floor is the fourth studio album by the Norwegian gothic metal band Sirenia and their first with the Spanish vocalist Ailyn. It was released on 23 January 2009, through Nuclear Blast. The album features guest appearances by Jan Kenneth Barkved (who had also made some guest appearances on their album At Sixes and Sevens), and the French violin player, Stephanie Valentin, who adds to the sound along with the choir that has been a part of their sound since the beginning. The album was released in three formats: CD, CD-Digi and box set. The box set edition was restricted to 500 copies worldwide. The download-only single, "The Path to Decay", was released on 26 December 2008.

Track listing
All songs written by Morten Veland.

 The multimedia part includes photo gallery, wallpapers and screensavers. "The Path to Decay" was released as a promotional single and also has a video.

Personnel

Sirenia
Ailyn – female vocals (on all tracks)
Morten Veland – clean male vocals (on track #4), harsh vocals (on all tracks except #2 & #7), all other instruments

Additional musicians
Jan Kenneth Barkved – clean male vocals (on track #9)
Stephanie Valentin – violin (on tracks #3, #7, #8 & #9)
Damien Surian, Mathieu Landry, Emmanuelle Zoldan, Sandrine Gouttebe, Emilie Lesbros – choir (on all tracks)

Production
Arranged, produced and engineered by Morten Veland
Additional recording at Sound Suite Studios by Terje Refsnes
Mixed by Morten Veland and Tue Madsen
Mastered by Tue Madsen
Artwork by Jan Yrlund

Charts

References

External links
The 13th Floor on The Metal Archives
The 13th Floor at discogs.com

2009 albums
Nuclear Blast albums
Sirenia (band) albums


The Leeds Arena (also known as the First Direct Arena for sponsorship reasons) is an entertainment-focused indoor arena located in the Arena Quarter of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is the first in the United Kingdom to have a fan-shaped orientation.

The arena officially opened on 4 September 2013, with Sir Elton John, playing to an audience of 12,000. Bruce Springsteen had, however, held the first concert on 24 July 2013, with an audience of 13,000. The arena's opening season in 2013 later included acts including Kaiser Chiefs, Rod Stewart, Status Quo and Depeche Mode.

The building was named the "best new venue in the world" in 2014 by the Stadium Business Awards.

History

Public demand for an arena in Leeds

Leeds had been the largest city in the United Kingdom without a major venue to hold music or indoor sporting events. , Bristol and Leeds were the only major cities without an arena style venue. Previously, the Queen's Hall was used for popular music concerts but this was demolished in 1989. Since 1989, there have been a number of failed attempts at building a major venue in Leeds.

An arena has been long requested by residents in Leeds. The consultation on the Vision for Leeds 2004 to 2020 showed a strong demand from the public for a new arena, and the project became one of the city's 12 priorities. The Leeds Initiative formed a Cultural facilities task group to consider options. It appointed PMP consultants whose report outlined the viability of a Leeds Arena, and other potential projects such as a concert hall. The task group recommended that the Council proceed with the development of a 12,500-seat arena.

Whilst this study was taking place, campaigners including the Yorkshire Evening Post lobbied for a new arena to be built in the city. This resulted in a widescale 'Leeds needs an arena' campaign that had endorsements from local artists including the Kaiser Chiefs as well as local businesses and residents. The campaign was well publicised in local media, and included popular Myspace and Facebook groups.

Developer and operator competition
Following this, competitions began to find an operator and developer for an arena. In March 2008, SMG were chosen as the future operators of the Leeds arena, following worldwide interest from potential operators in the scheme. SMG also operate arenas in Newcastle, Belfast and Manchester and over 200 other venues worldwide. The addition of Leeds strengthens their position in the UK Arena market. SMG's European managing director has stated that Leeds will be its "flagship venue" in Europe and that they expect First Direct Arena "to be in the top 10 in the world within two to three years of opening".

Two main bidders were involved in the competition to develop the arena. These were the Council owned land at Elland Road as one location which would have been developed by GMI Construction and land owned by Montpellier Estates in Sweet Street, Holbeck with Montpellier Estates being developer of the latter site. However, in November 2008, Leeds City Council announced they had terminated the developer competition and chosen Claypit Lane as the site for the new arena and would proceed as the developer. This resulted in a legal challenge from Montpellier Estates. Montpellier's claim for more than £43.5 million was rejected by Mr Justice Supperstone in a Judgement handed down on 6 February 2013.

Plans and financing
The arena's location, on Claypit Lane is situated at the Northern Quarter of Leeds city centre, behind the Merrion Centre. The land the arena was built on was the Claypit Lane Council car park and land formerly owned by Leeds Metropolitan University. Demolition of the former Leeds Metropolitan building was completed in 2009. Independent economic impact assessments conducted by Yorkshire Forward show that the new arena will bring over £25 million to the local economy every year and bring 300 full-time jobs.  The money provided by Leeds City Council will come from part of the proceeds from their sale of Leeds Bradford International Airport in October 2007, Yorkshire Forward grant support and revenues from rent and commercial activities. The total scheme costs are estimated to be in the region of £80 million including land costs.

Design and construction

Construction work on the Leeds Arena commenced in February 2011.
Construction was completed by May 2013, with a public open day scheduled for 25 May.

The arena is constructed in a super theatre fan shaped format as opposed to the more conventional bowl or horse-shoe seating arrangement commonly used by most arenas in the United Kingdom. The arena promises 'perfect sightlines' from each seat and the longest distance from the stage is 68 metres as opposed to 95–110 metres at a traditionally designed arena. According to the City Council, flat floor seating and 15 rows of retractable seating can be removed to create a huge floor area holding thousands of standing spectators. The interior design is flexible and the Leeds Arena accommodates a range of events including: music concerts in various configurations, comedy events, family shows, such as "Walking with Dinosaurs", ice dance shows and family dance shows, basketball, tennis, boxing, wrestling, UFC and shows ranging in capacity from 1,500 to a maximum of 13,781.

The external design was announced in August 2010. The external design has a honeycomb design. This design uses – a voronoi diagram – to create cellular shapes that are visible on key approaches to the arena.

On an evening, the front of the building has the ability to change colour or pattern dependent on the show or mood of the arena at the time.

Naming rights
On 2 May 2013, telephone and internet bank First Direct were announced as the sponsor of the arena, with the name officially becoming the First Direct Arena. The naming rights were set to expire in 2018. However, it was announced in March 2017 that First Direct had extended its naming sponsorship for a further 5 years, continuing to be called the First Direct Arena until at least 2023.

Opposition from South Yorkshire
Yorkshire Forward's support and intended £18 million funding has gained much publicity and has been subject to fierce political fighting. Some critics outlined that public funding is common on most recent Arena developments as seen in the Manchester, Nottingham and Liverpool developments. Each arena gained public funding and this was not protested by other established arenas. However, there was some opposition to the Leeds Arena from the owners of Sheffield Arena and Clive Betts, MP for Sheffield Attercliffe, who believe that the arena would adversely affect Sheffield Arena especially as the Leeds Arena would acquire funding from Yorkshire Forward. However, Yorkshire Forward stated that they fully support the development of an arena in Leeds and that an independent economic impact assessment also showed that a Leeds Arena would be of benefit to the entire region. Subsequently, Yorkshire Forward reaffirmed support to provide funding to the scheme. However, following a decision by BIS, central government initially did not authorise Yorkshire Forward to provide funding to the scheme. Soon after, it was announced that £9.9 million funding was authorised by central government. This was met with fierce criticism from Sheffield MPs, but received positive responses in the Leeds City Region.

Events

The first event in the arena was a concert by Bruce Springsteen on 24 July 2013 although the arena officially opened in September 2013. A wide variety of events have already taken place or been scheduled, including:

Music
Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Leonard Cohen, Kaiser Chiefs, Stereophonics, Depeche Mode, Rod Stewart, Andrea Bocelli, James Blunt, Bryan Adams, Slash, Boyzone, JLS, 5 Seconds of Summer, Miley Cyrus, Prince, Dolly Parton, Eagles, The 1975, Status Quo, Pearl Jam, Biffy Clyro, Manic Street Preachers, Catatonia, Eric Clapton, Il Divo, The Who, Alfie Boe, Michael Bublé, The Script, Madness, Morrissey, Lionel Richie, Paloma Faith, Queen + Adam Lambert, Olly Murs, Nicki Minaj, Pharrell Williams, Fleetwood Mac, John Legend, Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons, Bette Midler, Neil Diamond, Simple Minds, Duran Duran, Bad Company, Paul Weller, alt-J, Natalie Imbruglia, Simply Red, Slipknot, Foals, Wet Wet Wet, Peter Andre, Ellie Goulding, Mariah Carey,  Jeff Lynne's ELO, Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, Gladys Knight, Jean-Michel Jarre, Green Day, Drake, Pet Shop Boys, Kings of Leon, The Weeknd, Adnan Sami, Craig David, Richard Ashcroft, Shreya Ghoshal, Bruno Mars, Iron Maiden, The Cribs, Shawn Klush, Adam Ant, The Stone Roses, Celine Dion,  The Killers, Steps, The Kooks, Jools Holland, Elbow, Black Sabbath, James Taylor, Alice Cooper, REO Speedwagon, Kylie Minogue, Nickelback, David Byrne, Gabrielle, Rick Astley, Tom Bailey, Belinda Carlisle, Culture Club, The Prodigy, Courteeners, Bring Me the Horizon, Mumford & Sons, James, The Charlatans, Jane McDonald, Alison Moyet, Tears for Fears, Cher, Rita Ora, Bonnie Raitt, Frank Turner and The Sleeping Souls, The Wombats, George Ezra, Shawn Mendes, Westlife, A-ha, Little Mix, Blink-182, Genesis, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, Deacon Blue, Liam Gallagher, Sam Fender, Dua Lipa, Blondie, Diana Ross, Diljit Dosanjh, Shania Twain, Ghost (Swedish_band) Snoop dogg

Comedy
Miranda Hart, Russell Howard, Micky Flanagan, Lee Evans, John Bishop, Mrs. Brown's Boys, Harry Enfield and Paul Whitehouse, Michael McIntyre, Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer, Ricky Gervais, Chris Rock, Russell Peters, The League of Gentlemen, Whoopi Goldberg, Joanna Lumley, Jason Manford, Jack Whitehall.

Performance
Cirque du Soleil, Jesus Christ Superstar, Dancing on Ice, Disney on Ice, The X Factor, Strictly Come Dancing, Diversity, BBC Radio 1 Xtra Live, The MOBO Awards, Dynamo, Bear Grylls, The ARIAS Awards, Leeds Gymfest, Harlem Globetrotters, Brian Cox, Nashville in Concert.

Sport
The arena has hosted WWE Live in November 2013, May 2014, November 2014, April 2015, November 2015, April 2016, November 2016, November 2017 and November 2021. NXT visited in June 2017. It played host to the 2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award, on Thursday 20 March 2014, it hosted week 7 of the 2014 Premier League Darts and has hosted two evenings of boxing matches in 2014 including Leeds own Josh Warrington in a British and commonwealth featherweight title match. On 3 July 2014 it was the host for the Tour de France Grande Depart Team Presentation.
It also hosted week 1 of the 2015 Premier League Darts due to the success of hosting week 7 of the 2014 Premier League Darts.

The first boxing event took place on 21 December 2013, which saw Stuart Hall win the vacant IBF championship. Leeds-based boxer Josh Warrington first fought at the arena 21 May 2014. Warrington made the arena his home, headlining the next seven events.

Politics
The arena hosted the count of various Leeds seats in the 2015 general election including Morley and Outwood where Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls lost his seat.

Transport
The arena is located in Leeds city centre, on Claypit Lane. There are over 7500 car parking spaces within a 15-minute walk of the arena, and Leeds railway station and Leeds City bus station are each a 15-minute walk away.  There are bus stands nearby on Woodhouse Lane.

See also
O2 Academy Leeds, Leeds' second concert venue
Queens Hall, Leeds, the largest concert venue in Leeds until its demolition in 1989
Sheffield Arena, the nearest comparable arena

References

External links

Official website for the Leeds arena
 Elton John opens the Leeds Arena
Official Leeds Arena Project website
Local Paper Website
Google Map showing approximate location and area for development of the Leeds Arena
Leeds Arena Seating Plans

Indoor arenas in England
Buildings and structures in Leeds
Music venues in Leeds
Music venues completed in 2013
Darts venues


Two ships of the British Royal Navy have been called HMS Tonbridge, after the Kent town:

  was a  launched in 1918 and sold in 1928.
  was a 683-ton civilian ship built in 1924 but requisitioned by the Royal Navy as a netlayer during World War II. It was sunk near Great Yarmouth, Norfolk on 22 August 1941 by the German Air Force with the loss of 35 lives.

See also

References

Royal Navy ship names


Short course swimming at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macau Olympic Aquatic Centre, Macau, China from 30 October to 2 November 2007.

Medalists

Men

Women

Medal table

Results

Men

50 m freestyle
30 October

100 m freestyle
2 November

200 m freestyle
1 November

50 m backstroke
31 October

100 m backstroke
1 November

50 m breaststroke
31 October

100 m breaststroke
30 October

50 m butterfly
1 November

100 m butterfly
31 October

100 m individual medley
2 November

200 m individual medley
30 October

4 × 50 m freestyle relay
1 November

4 × 100 m freestyle relay
31 October

4 × 50 m medley relay
30 October

4 × 100 m medley relay
2 November

Women

50 m freestyle
30 October

100 m freestyle
2 November

200 m freestyle
1 November

50 m backstroke
31 October

100 m backstroke
1 November

50 m breaststroke
2 November

100 m breaststroke
30 October

50 m butterfly
1 November

100 m butterfly
31 October

100 m individual medley
2 November

200 m individual medley
30 October

4 × 50 m freestyle relay
1 November

4 × 100 m freestyle relay
31 October

4 × 50 m medley relay
30 October

4 × 100 m medley relay
2 November

References
 2007 Asian Indoor Games official website

2007 Asian Indoor Games events
Asian Indoor Games
2007


Naini Tal, also known as Naini Lake, is a natural freshwater body, situated amidst the town of Nainital in Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India. It is tectonic in origin and is mango shaped or crescent shaped and has an outfall at the southeastern end. Nainital, along with other lakes of Kumaon, is integral to tourism and recreation in Kumaon. The lake is also an integral part of Kumaoni folklore.

Nainital Lake in Nainital Town of the Nainital district, often called the Lake District of India, is one of the four important lakes of Kumaon; the other three are Sattal Lake, Bhimtal Lake and Naukuchiyatal Lake. It's the 3rd biggest lake by surface area in Uttarakhand.

History

Historical records confirm that in 1839, Mr. P. Barron, who is supposed to be the first one who visited Nainital. He was an English business man in sugar trade, on an expedition accidentally coming across the lake at Nainital was so captivated that he decided to build a European Colony on shores of the lake. The news magazine, the Englishman Calcutta, reported in 1841 discovery of this lake near Almora.

Topography and Hydrology

The lake is bounded by the high and steep Naina peak on the North West side, by the Tiffin Top to the south west side and snow view peaks on the north. Coniferous forest trees cover these hill ranges. The annual rainfall in the basin area of the lake is reported to be . Tropical monsoon climate with maximum temperature 24.6 °C and minimum of 0.5 °C are recorded. The water is reported to be alkaline in nature (ph value of 8.4–9.3).

The lake receives flows from the surrounding catchment basin which comprises the hill slopes and springs. The hydrologic studies related to water balance and sedimentation was done using radioisotopes for estimating/measuring the various components of the inflow and outflow into the lake. Studies indicated that the subsurface inflow and outflow were significant – ranging from 43 to 63% and 41 to 54%, respectively, of the total inflow and outflow, except in years of exceptionally heavy rainfall. The components of outflows were the surface outflow, the subsurface outflow through the springs on the downstream side and draft through wells for meeting the water supply of Nainital town and evaporation loss from the lake surface. The mean water retention time for the lake was computed as 1.16 years for the mean annual rainfall.

Geology
The Krol group of rocks, comprising slates, marls, sandstones, limestones and dolomites with a few small dykes intrusives, is the dominant geological formation of the lake's surroundings. The lake is deduced to have been formed tectonically. Balia Nala, which is the main stream feeding the lake is along a fault line and the subsequent streams align parallel to major joints and faults. 26 major drains feed the lake including the 3 perennial drains. The lake catchment has highly folded and faulted rocks due to poly phase deformation. Landslides are a frequent occurrence in the hill slopes surrounding the lake, which are steep. The slopes are highly vulnerable to landslides and mass movement due to various geological and human factors. Several landslides have occurred in the past (pictured) around the lake. Many settlements around the lake are located in landslide areas.

Flora and fauna
While the Nainital district where the lake is situated (in the middle Himalayan ranges up to , a temperate zone), is rich in flora  (typical temperate climate plants) and fauna, the details of the flora and fauna specific to the lake and its surroundings recorded are the following.

Vegetation
The trees and bushes grown in the region (lake's basin) with their botanical and common Indian names (in parentheses) are reported to be: a) Quercus leucotrichophora Oak (Banj); b) Aesculus indica (Pangar or Horse chestnuts); c) Juglans regia (Akhrot or walnut), d) Populus ciliata (Hill Pipal, a sacred tree); e) Fraxinus micrantha (Ash tree or Angu); f) Platanus orientalis (Chinar); g) Rubus lasiocarpus (Hisalu); h) Rosa moschata (Kunj or Musk rose); i) Berberis asiatica (Kilmora);j) Cupressus torulosa (Surai or Himalayan cypress); k) Rhododendron arboreum (Buruns); Cedrus deodara (Deodar); l) Salix acmophylla  (Weeping Willow); and m) Pinus (Pine).

The Aquatic Macrophytic vegetation recorded are the a) Potamogeton pectinatus, 2) Potamogeton crispus, 3) Polygonum glabrum, 4) Polygonum amphibium and Polygonum hydropiper (Water pepper).

Several species of medicinal flora and horticulture plants have also been reported.

Aqua fauna

The fishes found in the lake are generally carps: species of mahseer, hill trout, and the mirror carp which breed several times during one spawning season during May to September. Two species of mahaseer fish are present: Tor tor, the red-finned mahseer, and Tor putitora the yellow-finned mahseer, a food fish which grows to varying sizes from  are reported. The three species of hill trout found in the lake are Schizothorax sinuatus, S. richardsoni and S. plagiostornus. The imported fish bred in the lake is mirror carp, a variety of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The mosquitofish Gambusia affinis has been introduced in the lake for the biocontrol of mosquito larvae.

Fauna
Nine species of birds and nine species of animals have been recorded in the Nainital district.

Water quality
A scientific study indicates that the open drains feeding the lake introduce toxic substances from the catchment of the lake, particularly heavy metals which get adsorbed onto the suspended sediments, which in turn settle down in the bottom of the lake. A study of the risk assessment code has revealed that 4–13% of manganese, 4–8% of copper, 17–24% of nickel, 3–5% of chromium, 13–26% of lead, 14–23% of cadmium and 2–3% of zinc exist in exchangeable fraction which puts the lake under the low to medium risk category and infers that it could enter into food chain and also cause deleterious effects to aquatic life. This study provides the basic database to formulate guidelines for the dredging operations and/or restoration programmes in the lake.

The water quality studies carried out by the National Institute of Hydrology during 1999–2001 on physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature profile, Secchi's transparency, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD and nutrients), biological profile (density of population, biomass and species diversity of phyto, zooplankton and macrobenthos) and bacteriological characteristics have led to the conclusion that long-term limnological changes have occurred in the lake. Excess of nutrients inflow have contributed to the eutrophic conditions and the internal recycling of nutrients from sediments during water circulation has resulted in luxurious growth of phytoplankton. The lake is thus anoxic and has reduced hypolimnion, winter circulation, large phytoplankton and relatively lower animal population.

Threats to the lake
The problems facing the lake which were also listed in the plea in a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) before the Supreme Court of India in 1995 seeking court directive for redress measures could be summarised as below:
 The lake is eutrophic to high nutrient accumulation and growth of phytoplankton. Algal blooms had caused loss of transparency. In spite of installing sewer lines to prevent sewage entering the lake still some effluents from drains, leakage and open defecation add to the eutrophication.
 High Siltation resulting in reduction of lake depth (the depth of lake is reported to have reduced from its original depth of 27.97 m to only 19.6m.),
 Clogging of water channels (drains) in the surrounding hills because of encroachment, leading to poor drainage.
 Landslides from the unstable hill slopes draining into the lake
 Inadequate sanitation facilities for the poor section of society, commuters and tourists.

Lake restoration
The National Institute of Hydrology (NIH) of Roorkee who prepared a plan for the restoration of the lake, at an estimated cost of Rs 50 crore (about US$10 million), sponsored by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, are also now guiding the restoration measures. The Conservation and Management Plan evolved by NIH is not only lake centric but also proposes to tackle the immediate periphery of the lake which contributes an adverse impact on the lake. The "Nainital Jheel Parikshetra Vishesh Kshetra Vikas Pradhikaran", the Lake Development Authority notified under U.P. Special Area Development Act 1986 is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) set up for implementing the restoration works. The restoration works that have been implemented or are in different stages of implementation are the following:
 Limnological measures such as bottom aeration, siphoning of hypolimnetic water, biomanipulation and limited sediment removal from the deltas of drains which lead to the lake.
 Soil Conservation & Slope Stabilization measures in the form of soil conservation and watershed management activities in the catchment area of the lake, slope stabilization, Drainage line treatment, landslide scars to be treated with Coir geotextiles with gabion cross-barriers and proper maintenance and cleaning of drainage system
 Provide 100% coverage of the town surrounding the lake with sewers and Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
 Improved sanitation around the lake and in the catchment with new community toilets to cover all sections of the society, improved design of household toilets
 Better solid waste management by disposing of the solid waste through a chute to the downhill outside the catchment, developing landfill sites is developed and in isolated habitations in the upper reaches of hills, introduce composting measures with support from NGOs.
 Limited dredging of the lake, particularly near the deltas of drains that bring sediments
 Fish Gambusia affinis introduced a few years ago to control mosquito larvae, the fish have started feeding on the larger zooplankton resulting due to scanty larvae population resulting in adverse impact on the lake water quality. This needs to be controlled by putting minnow traps in the lake and introducing some other fish species
 The outflow from the lake is into the Balia Nala drain controlled by a set of sluices located at the lake bridge. The sluices which are old need renovation and replacement. The Balia Nala also needs slope stabilization measures to check landslides

 Shoreline Development and improvement of facilities at all important monuments and temples located in the periphery of the lake and providing avenue paths and roads
 Improved Public Awareness and Public Participation programmes
 The "Nainital Jheel Parikshetra Vishesh Kshetra Vikas Pradhikaran" could function better in a limited role as a promoter and a facilitator for developmental and commercial activities with jurisdiction extended to cover all four lakes in the district, as at present a plethora of organizations are functioning in the notified area such as Nainital Nagar Palika Parishad, Jal Nigam, Irrigation Department, Power Corporation, Forest Department and Fisheries Department who are directly involved with the lake.

The Honourable Supreme Court of India in its judgment of 1995, in response to the Public Interest Litigation, gave the following recommendations which have also been addressed in the restoration measures mentioned above.

(i)Sewage water has to be prevented at any cost from entering the lake; (ii) So far as the drains which ultimately fall in the lake are concerned, it has to be seen that building materials are not allowed to be heaped on the drains to prevent siltation of the lake;(iii) Care has been taken to see that horse dung does not reach the lake. If for this purpose the horse stand has to be shifted somewhere, the same would be done. The authorities would examine whether trotting of horses around the lake is also required to be prevented;(iv) Multi-storeyed group housing and commercial complexes have to be banned in the town area of Naini Tal. Building of small residential houses on flat areas could, however, be permitted;(v) The offence of illegal felling of trees is required to be made cognizable.(vi) Vehicular traffic on the Mall has to be reduced. Heavy vehicles may not be permitted to ply on Mall;(vii) The fragile nature of Ballia Ravine has to be taken care of. The cracks in the revetment of Ballia Nullah have to be repaired urgently.

In the "India Today" magazine, Prasanta Rajan, a journalist, in a preamble to the particular interest shown by the Lady District Magistrate of Nainital in restoration works of the lake has very vividly described the lake in these words: Look for the lake through the colonial windows of Pant House, a vintage English bungalow on the hilltop, now submerged in wintry night, solitary with a kind of Wuthering Heights mystery. Down below, the lake is a laminated stillness, protected by seven never-sleeping hills. In the dead darkness of Kumaon, this magnificence is a distant, partially lit vision, less than real, as the hills of frozen memories make the lake a footnote in water.

Other attractions
The Nainital Yacht Club, housed in the Boat House Club, offers yachting facilities at the lake, where a fleet of Half Raters, designed by Linton Hope, sails. The Annual Kingfisher Yachting Competition (Regatta) is held here in the third week of June. The Kumaon festival which brings out the local cultures and traditions is organized every year during the winter months of October and November, by the Tourism Department.

Gallery

See also
 Nainital
 Bhimtal Lake
 Lakes of Kumaon hills

Notes

References

External links

 Official website of Uttarakhand Government
 Official Nainital places directory

Lakes of Uttarakhand
Nainital
Tourist attractions in Uttarakhand


The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway 51 class was a class of 4-4-2T steam locomotives.  Twelve were built by Sharp, Stewart and Company to the design of Thomas Whitelegg for the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway in 1900, with North British Locomotive Company supplying an additional six in 1903. The LTSR numbered them 51–68, and named them places in London and Essex.

They entered Midland Railway stock in 1912.  The Midland gave them the power classification 2P, and renumbered them 2158–2175. They subsequently entered London, Midland and Scottish Railway stock in 1923. They retained their ex-Midland Railway numbers until 1930 when they were renumbered 2092–2109.

Number 2105 was withdrawn in 1947, and the remaining seventeen of these entered British Railways stock in 1948, and were to be renumbered 41910–41926, but only three (41922, 41923 and 41925) survived to carry their new numbers. The last was withdrawn in 1953.  None was preserved.

List of locomotives

References

 Bob Essery The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway and its Locomotives, OPC (2001)
 Bob Essery and David Jenkinson An Illustrated History of LMS locomotives. Volume 4. Absorbed Pre-Group Classes Midland Division

4-4-2T locomotives
51
Sharp Stewart locomotives
NBL locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1900
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives


is a subway station on the  Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line in Sawara-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a firefly in blue, representing the nearby Muromi river.

Lines

Platforms

Vicinity
 Fukuoka College of Health Sciences
 Fukuoka Dental College
 Roman bathhouse
 Starbucks
 Super Hallo Day Store
 Tsutaya (Culture Convenience Club Co.)

History
February 3, 2005: Opening of the station

References

Railway stations in Japan opened in 2005
Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Nanakuma Line


is a subway station on the  Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line in Sawara-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a picture of Camellia flowers in red, floating in the Tsubaki channel.

Lines
Fukuoka City Subway
Nanakuma Line

Platforms

Vicinity
Route 263
Fukuoka Highway 5
Nishitetsu bus stop
Post office
Daiei
Mochikichi

History
February 3, 2005: Opening of the station

References

Railway stations in Japan opened in 2005
Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Nanakuma Line


Crèvecoeur (also known as Heartbreak Ridge) is a 1955 French documentary film directed by Jacques Dupont. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.  The plot revolves around French troops fighting under the United Nations Command in the Korean War.

References

External links

1954 films
1955 documentary films
1955 films
1950s French-language films
French documentary films
Films directed by Jacques Dupont
Documentary films about the Korean War
Documentary films about war
Military history of France
1950s French films


All types of architectural projects in Scotland are eligible, including new-build, regeneration, restoration, extensions and interiors.

List of winners and nominees

2022

Shortlist

 Forth Valley College – Falkirk Campus, Falkirk by Reiach and Hall Architects
 High Sunderland, Galashiels by Loader Monteith
 Jedburgh Grammar Campus, Jedburgh by Stallan-Brand Architecture + Design
 Lockerbie Sawmill, Lockerbie by Konishi Gaffney
 Quarry Studios, Aberdeenshire by Moxon Architects

2021

Winner

 Aberdeen Art Gallery - Hoskins Architects

Shortlist

 Bayes Centre, Edinburgh by Bennetts Associates
 The Egg Shed, Ardrishaig by Oliver Chapman Architects
 The Hill House Box, Helensburgh by Carmody Groarke
 sportscotland National Sports Training Centre Inverclyde by Reiach and Hall Architects

2019
Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners: The Macallan Distillery and Visitor Experience

2018
Reiach & Hall Architects: Nucleus, The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Caithness Archive, Wick

2017
Richard Murphy Architects: Dunfermline Carnegie Library & Galleries for Fife Council

2016
Page\Park Architects: Saunders Centre, Science & Technology Building, Glasgow

2015
 Sutherland Hussey Harris: West Burn Lane, St Andrews
 Malcolm Fraser: Arcadia Nursery, Edinburgh
 Page\Park Architects: Theatre Royal, Glasgow, new foyers

2014
 Morgan McDonnell Architecture Ltd: Advocates Close, Edinburgh - winner
 Robin Baker Architects: The Birks Cinema, Aberfeldy - special mention
 Denizen Works Ltd: House No. 7, Isle of Tiree - special mention
 GLM: The Inn at John O’Groats, Caithness - special mention
 Reiach & Hall Architects: Scottish Water – The Bridge, Stepps - special mention
 Elder and Cannon Architects: 261 West Princes Street, Glasgow
 BDP: Buchanan Gardens, Glasgow
 Dualchas Architects: Cliff House, Isle of Skye
 Elder and Cannon Architects: Clydebank East Workshops, Clydebank
 RMJM Architecture Ltd: Commonwealth Games Athletes’ Village, Glasgow
 Gareth Hoskins Architects: Grassmarket Community Project, Edinburgh
 LDN Architects: Knockando Woolmill, Knockando
 Foster + Partners: The SSE Hydro, Glasgow

2013
 NORD Architecture: WASPS South Block, Glasgow - winner
 Simpson & Brown Architects: The Chapel of Saint Albert the Great, Edinburgh - special mention
 Reiach and Hall Architects: Forth Valley College of Further and Higher Education, Stirling Campus, Stirling - special mention
 Edo Architecture: The Ghost of Water Row (Temporary Structure), Govan, Glasgow - special mention
 schmidt hammer lassen architects: Sir Duncan Rice Library, Aberdeen - special mention
 Patience & Highmore: Thomas Telford Parliamentary Church, Berneray, North Uist - special mention
 LDN Architects: The Beacon Arts Centre, Greenock
 Fife Council Property Services: Dunfermline High School, Dunfermline
 cameronwebster architects: House, Lenzie
 studioKAP: 4 Linsiadar, Isle of Lewis
 Gareth Hoskins Architects: Mareel, Lerwick
 Rural Design: The Turf House, Isle of Skye

2012
 OMA: Maggie's Gartnavel, Glasgow - winner
 G1 Group: Corinthian Club, Glasgow - special mention
 Holmes Miller: Heathfield Primary School, Ayr - special mention
 Dualchas Building Design: House at Borreraig, Isle of Skye - special mention
 Page\Park Architects: Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh - special mention
 Rural Design: Bogbain Mill, Lochussie
 Cameron Webster Architects: Cape Cove, Shore Road, Helensburgh
 Hypostyle Architects: Fore Street, Glasgow
 Reiach and Hall Architects: Forth Valley College of Further and Higher Education, Alloa Campus, Alloa
 LDN Architects LLP: Heriot's Centre for Sport & Exercise, Edinburgh
 Icosis Architects: Loch Leven Bird Hide, Fife
 Gokay Deveci Chartered Architects: Model 'D' House, Insch
 McGregor Bowes + Haworth Tompkins: The Scotsman Steps, Edinburgh
 Zone Architects: Wester Coates House, Edinburgh

2011
 Gareth Hoskins Architects: The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh - winner
 Austin-Smith:Lord LLP: 10 Pearce Street, Govan, Glasgow - special mention
 Richard Gibson Architects: Groedians, Lerwick - special mention
 Nicoll Russell Studios: Hillcrest Housing Association Headquarters, Dundee - special mention
 jmarchitects Ltd: Hillhead Primary School, Glasgow - special mention
 Simon Winstanley Architects Ltd: The Houl, Castle Douglas - special mention
 Malcolm Fraser Architects: Linlithgow Burgh Halls, Linlithgow - special mention
 7N Architects: Phoenix Flowers, Glasgow - special mention
 SBA Architects Ltd: The Brochs of Coigach, Achiltibuie
 Page\Park Architects: Centre for the Scottish War Blinded, Kirknewton
 Reiach and Hall Architects: Dundee House, Dundee
 Gaia Architects: Glentress Peel Visitor Centre, Peebles
 LDN Architects: University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh

2010
 Elder and Cannon Architects: Shettleston Housing Association Offices, Glasgow - winner
 Page\Park Architects: McManus Galleries, Dundee - special mention
 Rural Design: 15 Fiscavaig, Isle of Skye
 Nicoll Russell Studios: The Briggait Redevelopment, Glasgow
 The Pollock Hammond Partnership: The Hippodrome Cinema, Bo'ness
 Paterson Architects: House on a Hill, Aberdeenshire
 Edward Culling Architects: John Hope Gateway, Edinburgh
 Reaich and Hall Architects: Medical & Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews
 Dualchas Building Design: Raasay Community Hall, Isle of Raasay
 Gokay Deveci Chartered Architect: Tigh Na Cladach, Dunoon
 Anderson Bell + Christie: The West Centre, Glasgow

2009
 Archial Architects: Small Animal Hospital, Glasgow - winner
 McKenzie Strickland Associates: Boathouse at Balnearn
 Allan Murray Architects: Hotel Missoni, Edinburgh
 Malcolm Fraser Architects: Infirmary Street Baths, Edinburgh
 Reiach and Hall Architects: New Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow
 Elder and Cannon Architects: Niddrie Mill and St Francis Join Primary School, Edinburgh
 RMJM Scotland Ltd: North Glasgow College, Glasgow
 Richard Murphy Architects, Elder and Cannon Architects, Page\Park Architects: Social Housing at Moore Street, Glasgow
 Cameron Webster Architects: The Printworks, Glasgow
 Elder and Cannon Architects: Trongate 103, Glasgow

2008
Bennetts Associates: Potterrow, Edinburgh - joint winner
Elder & Cannon Architects: Castlemilk House Stables Block, Glasgow- joint winner
Gareth Hoskins Architects Ltd: Culloden Battlefield Visitor Centre, Inverness - special mention
Studio KAP: Tigh Na Dobhran (single-family dwelling), Argyll
Simpson & Brown Architects: Dawyck Gateway Visitor Centre, Dawyck
Oliver Chapman Architects: Todlaw Supported Housing, Duns
Foster + Partners: Quartermile Development, Edinburgh
Gordon Murray & Alan Dunlop Architects Architects: Telford Drive (housing development), Edinburgh
Elder & Cannon Architects: Jordanhill School New Teaching Block, Glasgow
Gray Marshall & Associates Heart of Hawick, Hawick
Page\Park Architects: Eden Court Theatre (refurbishment), Inverness

2007
 Reiach & Hall Architects: Pier Arts Centre, Orkney - winner
Gareth Hoskins Architects: Bridge Arts Centre, Glasgow
Page\Park Architects: Fettes College Sixth Form Building, Edinburgh
Gordon Murray & Alan Dunlop Architects: Hazelwood School, Glasgow
Zaha Hadid Architects: Maggie's Centre, Kirkcaldy
Malcolm Fraser Architects: Princess Gate, Edinburgh
Reiach & Hall Architects: University of St Andrews Arts Faculty building, St Andrews

2006
 Page\Park Architects: Maggie's Centre, Inverness - winner
Malcolm Fraser Architects:  Scottish Storytelling Centre, Edinburgh
Building Design Partnership: Perth Concert Hall, Perth
LDN Architects: St Mary's Metropolitan Cathedral redevelopment, Edinburgh
Gareth Hoskins Architects: The Bridge Arts Centre, Easterhouse, Glasgow
Gordon Murray & Alan Dunlop Architects: JKS Workshops, Clydebank
Building Design Partnership: The Saltire Centre, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow
Building Design Partnership: Kelvingrove New Century Project, Glasgow
Paterson Architects: Three Seton Mains, Longniddry
Michael Laird Architects: Royal Bank of Scotland Headquarters, Gogarburn, Edinburgh

2005
 Enric Miralles/RMJM: Scottish Parliament building, Edinburgh - winner
Gökay Deveci: A' Chrannag, Rothesay
Gareth Hoskins Architects: Community Centre for Health, Partick, Glasgow
Michael Laird Architects: Edinburgh Quay, Union canal, Edinburgh
Gordon Murray & Alan Dunlop Architects: Sentinel Office Development, Glasgow

2004
Elder and Cannon Architects:  St Aloysius College's Clavius Building, Glasgow - winner
Frank Gehry: Maggie's Centre, Dundee
Richard Murphy: Eastgate Theatre and Arts Centre, Peebles
Gökay Deveci: Lotte Glob House, Durness, Sutherland

2003
Sutherland Hussey Architects:  "An Turas" Ferry Shelter, Tiree - winner
Reiach and Hall Architects: Evolution House, Edinburgh
Arcade Architects: Mossman Houses, Edinburgh
LDN Architects: Kilncraigs Mill Redevelopment, Alloa
Gordon Murray & Alan Dunlop Architects: Radisson SAS Hotel, Glasgow

2002
Malcolm Fraser Architects: Dance Base, Edinburgh - winner
Richard Murphy: Stirling Tolbooth, Stirling
Munkenbeck & Marshall: Mount Stuart visitor centre, Bute
Nicoll Russell Studios: New Byre Theatre, St Andrews
McKeown Alexander Architects: Graham Square housing, Glasgow

References

RIAS
Architecture awards
Architecture in Scotland
Scottish awards
Awards established in 2002


Stefano Lusignan (1537–1590), also known as Étienne de Lusignan and Estienne de Lusignan, was a priest, scholar, and titular bishop of Venetian Cyprus who migrated to Italy and France.

Life
Lusignan was born in Nicosia, in Venetian Cyprus, a descendant of the royal House of Lusignan. When he was young, Lusignan joined the Dominican Order and studied under an Armenian bishop named Ioulianos. By 1562 he was a priest and worked under two Latin bishops of Limassol, Andrea Mocenigo and Serafim Fortibraccia. By 1570, he was living in a monastery in Naples, in the Kingdom of Naples, where he began writing his best-known work, Chorograffia. In 1571, Cyprus fell to the Ottoman Empire, and after that, Lusignan spent much of his time collecting ransom money to buy the freedom of relations who had been captured. In 1572, he moved to a monastery at Bologna, a university city in the Papal States. There, he first published his work named Chorograffia. In 1575 he moved to Padua, under the control of the Republic of Venice, and there he designed a famous map to supplement his book, dedicating it to the last Latin Archbishop of Cyprus, Filippo Mocenigo. The map was engraved by Giovanni Longo and paid for by Lusignan himself. His Chorograffia and his Description de toute l'isle de Cypre include many classical sources such as Strabo, Pliny, Virgil, Ovid, Pausanias, Plutarch, Diogenes Laertius and reference various ancient cities like Salamis, Kourion and Amathus and important mythological figures of Cyprus such as Cinyras, Aphrodite and Adonis. In the course of his stay in Padua, Lusignan also taught Greek at the University of Padua. During a trip to Rome, he met the French ambassador and with his help moved to Paris in 1577. He lived in a monastery in Paris for ten years. Throughout his stay there he wrote and published many works. He was also involved in literary circles with other Cypriots, including Enrico Caterino Davila. In 1578 Pope Sixtus V appointed Lusignan as Titular Bishop of Limassol. He spent the last years of his life in Rome, where he died in 1590.

Publications
 Chorograffia: et breve historia universale dell'Isola de Cipro principiando al tempo di Noè per in sino al 1572 (Bologna: Alessandro Benaccio, 1573)
Histoire Contenant une Sommaire Description des Genealogies, Alliances, & gestes de tous les Princes & grans Seigneurs... Royames Hierusalem, Cypre, Armenie, & lieux circonvoisins. (Paris: Chez Guillaume Chaudiere, 1579)
Description de Toute l'Isle de Cypre, et des Roys, Princes, et Seigneurs, tant Payens que Chrestiens, qui ont commandé en icelle (Paris: Chez Guillaume Chaudiere, 1580)

Digitised manuscripts of the Chronograffia

 Getty Research Institute has two copies
 The John Adams Library at the Boston Public Library
 Sylvia Ioannou Foundation

See also

 Leontios Machairas
 Georgios Boustronios
 Florio Bustron
 Venetian Cyprus

References
 Kitromilides, P., Κυπριακή Λογιοσύνη: 1571-1878 (Nicosia, 2002)

1537 births
1590 deaths
16th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
Academic staff of the University of Padua
Cypriot emigrants to Italy
People from Nicosia
Cypriot historians
Cypriot non-fiction writers


Armenia–Hungary relations refer to bilateral relations between Armenia and Hungary. Armenia is represented in Hungary through its embassy in Vienna, Austria, and an honorary consulate in Budapest, Hungary. Hungary is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Tbilisi, Georgia, and an honorary consulate in Yerevan, Armenia.

Background
Since the end of World War II, the two countries were under communist domination as both Hungary (Hungarian People's Republic) and Armenia (Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic) was a satellite state and the constituent republic of the Soviet Union respectively.

Diplomatic relations between the two nations started at the end of the Cold War, mainly with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

There are around 15,000 people of Armenian descent living in Hungary.

Severing of diplomatic relations
On 31 August 2012, Armenia severed relations with Hungary following the extradition of Ramil Safarov – convicted of murdering Armenian Lieutenant Gurgen Margaryan in Hungary in 2004. Also rumors spread this was carried out in exchange for a $7 million bribe. Safarov was pardoned upon returning to Azerbaijan, and was treated as a national hero: Safarov was promoted to the military rank of major, received an apartment, and was given back pay for his 8 years of imprisonment. Relatives of the murdered officer sued Hungary and Azerbaijan for violating Articles 2 (right to life) and 14 (prohibition against discrimination) of the European Convention on Human Rights. European Court of Human Rights recognized governments of Hungary and Azerbaijan as respondents in this case.

In Yerevan, protesters threw tomatoes at the building of Hungary's honorary consulate and tore down the flag of Hungary. The United States also criticised the decision to free Safarov. In April 2013, Armenia's acting Foreign Minister Eduard Nalbandyan said that "Armenia [was] ready to settle relations with Hungary, but Budapest should undertake steps".

Diplomatic relations were restored on 2 December 2022 and now are considered as good and friendly.

See also
 Foreign relations of Armenia
 Foreign relations of Hungary
 Armenians in Hungary
 Armenia–EU relations
 Azerbaijan–Hungary relations

References

Hungary
Bilateral relations of Hungary


Veterans Aid is a UK charity providing support to ex-servicemen and women (Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Army, RAF or Merchant Navy), and their widows and widowers.

It operates from two locations: a Drop-in Centre/Head Office in central London (Victoria) and a residential home (New Belvedere House) in east London (Stepney).

The charity's core business is averting and/or addressing the crisis, particularly where it threatens to lead to homelessness.

History
Veterans Aid was established in 1932 (designated originally as EFC – The Embankment Fellowship Centre) as a direct response to the homelessness caused by poverty and unemployment among the ex-service community in London.

It was founded by Mrs Gwendoline Huggins, whose husband was Adjutant of The Royal Hospital Chelsea from 1932–35. Moved by the sight of men who had served their country sleeping on the capital’s streets and along the Thames Embankment, she decided to do something practical to remedy it. This led to the opening in January 1932 of  H10, a canteen and recreation room for destitute ex-services personnel in Lambeth, South London.

In 2007 the charity was renamed Veterans Aid, and its remit extended from homelessness to all issues affecting veterans in crisis.

The charity's patron is the Dowager Viscountess Rothermere.

Main activities
In general terms, all the charity’s activities revolve around helping ex-servicemen and women in crisis. Specifically, it deals with all the factors that contribute to the crisis, especially those leading to homelessness. Because homelessness is considered both a cause and an effect of dysfunction, charitable activities are diverse. The charity aims to restore veterans in crisis to a point where they can sustain productive, independent living.

The charity aims to tackle rough sleeping by committing to 'No First Night Out. The charity will immediately provide food, new clothing and safe accommodation to those seeking and qualifying for its help.

Subsequent interventions can include counselling, addiction treatment and rehabilitation, debt management and, where appropriate, access to education, retraining or the acquisition of a new skill. Help is given to identify employment opportunities and, when veterans are considered ready, help is provided to source appropriately decorated and furnished homes.

See also
 Military Covenant
 Homelessness

References

Homelessness charities in the United Kingdom
British veterans' organisations
1932 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1932


Abasolo is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Abasolo. The municipality covers an area of 645.9 km².

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 991.

Climate

References

Municipalities of Coahuila


Foreign relations exist between Armenia and Uruguay. Uruguay, as a small South American nations hosts a large Armenian community for its size. The Armenian community in Uruguay totals approximately 16,000 people.

History

The first Armenians to arrive to Uruguay took place in the late 1800s. Between 1920 and 1930, large waves of Armenians arrived to the nation, many having survived the Armenian genocide carried out by the Ottoman Empire. On 20 April 1965, Uruguay became the first nation in the world to officially recognize the Armenian genocide. In 1939, the AGBU Uruguay Chapter opened its offices in Montevideo.

On 26 December 1991, Armenia regained independence after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. On 27 May 1992, Armenia and Uruguay established diplomatic relations. In June 1992, Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrosyan paid an official visit to Uruguay. In February 1997, Uruguay opened an honorary consulate in Yerevan. In May 2012, Uruguayan Foreign Minister, Luis Almagro Lemes paid an official visit to Armenia, the highest Uruguayan official to visit the nation.

As of 2016, local Armenian organizations are denouncing efforts by Turkey to minimize Armenian presence.

In December 2021, Uruguay opened a resident embassy in Yerevan.

High-level visits
High-level visits from Armenia to Uruguay
 President Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1992)
 Foreign Minister Vahan Papazian (1994)
 Foreign Minister Vartan Oskanian (2000)
 President Robert Kocharyan (2002)
 President Serzh Sargsyan (2014)

High-level visits from Uruguay to Armenia
 Deputy Foreign Minister Carlos Perez del Castillo (1997)
 Foreign Minister Luis Almagro (2012)
Foreign Minister Francisco Bustillo (2021)

Agreements
Armenia and Uruguay have signed numerous bilateral agreements since the establishment of diplomatic relations between both nations in 1992, such as an Agreement for the establishment of visa free regime with respect to diplomatic and service passports holders; Agreement on the cooperation in the field of culture; Agreement on the cooperation in the field of healthcare and medicine; Agreement on encouragement and mutual protection of investments; Agreement on eliminating the visa requirement for regular passport holders and an Agreement on economic cooperation.

Diplomatic missions
 Armenia is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina and maintains an honorary consulate in Montevideo.
 Uruguay has an embassy in Yerevan.

See also
 Foreign relations of Armenia
 Foreign relations of Uruguay
 Armenian Uruguayans

References

Uruguay
Bilateral relations of Uruguay


Doug Rickard (26 May 1939 – 7 May 2002) was an Australian-born space engineer.  He is known for his stories of engineering while at the Woomera Deep Space Station.  He died in 2002 from myelofibrosis caused by contact with cobalt-60 while working at the Maralinga nuclear test facility.

Some of his stories have been collected by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, whose logo he possibly inspired (although the logo was designed by Bill Kennard), under the title Memoirs of a space engineer.  Additional humorous engineering stories include hand-decoding images from Mariner 4 onto a sheet of graph paper since NASA JPL had only built a single display system, running a magnetic tape recorder 25 times over its rated speed to have enough bandwidth to record Ranger 9 video of its impact on the moon, and an impromptu excavation of Pompeii's plumbing systems.

Rickard also worked for some time for the Australian subsidiary of Digital Equipment Corporation. During that time he was seconded to Project Athena, the Campuswide Computing environment developed at MIT, with the specific responsibility of developing "Bones" a version of the Kerberos Authentication System, that did not relying on strong encryption, and as such would not require US Government approval for export.

References

1939 births
2002 deaths
Australian engineers
20th-century American engineers


Kirk Jones may refer to:

 Sticky Fingaz (Kirk Jones, born 1973), American rapper
 Kirk Jones (director) (born 1964), English film director and screenwriter
 Kirk Jones, the last person to survive falling down Niagara Falls in 2003, in only his regular clothes. He later attempted the same stunt in 2017 in an inflatable ball and died.


Tasman is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1972 to 1996.

Population centres
Since the , the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, with continued faster population growth in the North Island leading to an increase in the number of general electorates. There were 84 electorates for the 1969 election, and the 1972 electoral redistribution saw three additional general seats created for the North Island, bringing the total number of electorates to 87. Together with increased urbanisation in Christchurch and Nelson, the changes proved very disruptive to existing electorates. In the South Island, three electorates were abolished, and three electorates were newly created (including Tasman). In the North Island, five electorates were abolished, two electorates were recreated, and six electorates were newly created. The Tasman and West Coast electorates replaced the former Buller and Westland electorates in 1972.

Population centres of the original Tasman electorate were Collingwood, Tākaka, Motueka, Richmond, Havelock, Picton, Owen River, Murchison, Saint Arnaud, and Springs Junction. In the 1977 electoral redistribution, the city of Nelson had experienced population growth and many of the Nelson suburbs were transferred from the  electorate to the Tasman electorate. To compensate for this, Springs Junction went to the West Coast electorate, and Picton was transferred to the  electorate. There were only minor boundary changes through the 1983 electoral redistribution. In the 1987 electoral redistribution, the remaining area of the Marlborough Sounds including Havelock transferred to the Marlborough electorate.

History
Labour's Bill Rowling had represented the  electorate since the 1962 Buller by-election and when Buller was abolished in 1972, Rowling transferred to the Tasman electorate. Rowling was leader of the Labour Party from 1974 to 1983, and was Prime Minister at the beginning of that period (September 1974 – December 1975) while representing Tasman. After Rowling lost a Labour leadership challenge by David Lange in 1983, he retired at the  and was succeeded by Ken Shirley in the Tasman electorate. Shirley was defeated in  by Nick Smith of the National Party.

In 1996, the first mixed-member proportional (MMP) election, the electorate was combined with the  electorate to form the  electorate. At that time, Smith transferred to the Nelson electorate.

Members of Parliament
Key

Election results

1993 election

1990 election

1987 election

1984 election

1981 election

1978 election

1975 election

1972 election

Notes

References

Historical electorates of New Zealand
Politics of the Tasman District
1972 establishments in New Zealand
1996 disestablishments in New Zealand


The men's 1500 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held from Thursday August 11, 1932, to Saturday August 13, 1932.

Fifteen swimmers from eight nations competed.

Medalists

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In the first semi-final Kusuo Kitamura set a new Olympic record with 19:51.6 minutes. Shozo Makino bettered this record in the second semi-final with 19:38.7 minutes. In the final Kusuo Kitamura again took the Olympic record with 19:12.4 minutes.

Results

Heats

Thursday August 11, 1932: The fastest two in each heat and the fastest third-placed from across the heats advanced to the final. In the second heat Sunao Ishiharada and Boy Charlton tied for second place which allowed ten swimmers to advance to the semi-finals.

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Heat 4

Semifinals

Friday August 12, 1932: The fastest three in each semi-final advanced to the final.

Semifinal 1

Semifinal 2

Final

Saturday August 13, 1932:

References

External links
Olympic Report

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Men's events at the 1932 Summer Olympics


Georgia–Moldova relations are the foreign relations between Georgia and Moldova, which were officially established on 25 June 1992. Both countries have separatist zones that are supported by Russia (Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia, Transnistria in Moldova) and have suffered wars as a cause of conflicts with them. Additionally, Russian propaganda is present in both countries. Wine from both countries suffered a ban in Russia in 2006 despite their popularity in the country and importance on the trade of Georgia and Moldova with Russia.

Georgia does not support Transnistria's independence. In 2018, the State Minister for Reconciliation and Civic Equality of Georgia Ketevan Tsikhelashvili met with the deputy prime minister of Moldova and the Minister of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine and visited the Transnistria Security Zone, describing Moldova as "our friend state" and condemning Russia's actions in Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine (which also has territories under Russian occupation).

On the other hand, in 2008, following the independence declarations of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Moldova Andrei Stratan stated that Moldova would not recognize their independence. This was reaffirmed in 2020 by the former President of Moldova Igor Dodon. Furthermore, in 2015, Moldova banned Abkhazian and South Ossetian officials from entering the country for 10 years as a result of their participation in demonstrations in Tiraspol celebrating the 25th anniversary of Transnistria's declaration of independence.

Georgia and Moldova, together with Ukraine, are part of the Association Trio, formed in 2021 by these countries for closer integration with the European Union (EU). These countries and Azerbaijan are also part of the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development.

See also
 Foreign relations of Georgia
 Foreign relations of Moldova

References

Moldova
Georgia


Where Mountains Float () is a 1955 Danish documentary film directed by Bjarne Henning-Jensen. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and won the Bodil Award for Best Documentary.

Cast
 Lars Henning-Jensen as Narrator

References

External links

 Hvor bjergene sejler at the Danish Film Institute (in Danish)

1955 documentary films
1955 films
Best Documentary Bodil Award winners
Danish documentary films
1950s Danish-language films
Films directed by Bjarne Henning-Jensen
Greenlandic-language films
Inuit films


Bill Warren (1935–1978) was a British Communist, originally a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain and later a contributor to New Left Review. In his last years he was a member of the British and Irish Communist Organisation.

He is best remembered as the author of Imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism. This unconventional Marxist analysis was published posthumously in 1980 and is still being debated. He rejected the argument of Lenin's Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, that capitalist development outside of Europe had ceased to be possible.  He considered that he was restoring the original view of Marx and Engels, particularly in regard to the results of Britain's rule in India: namely that imperialism plays a progressive role in fostering the spread of capitalism worldwide, which is a prerequisite for socialism.

Some commentators have likened Warren's ideas on capitalism, particularly his belief that the creation of a global market is required for the creation of a Communist society, to other thinkers, such as the Revolutionary Communist Party and Nigel Harris.

Selected publications

References

External links
 1993 review of Imperialism, pioneer of Capitalism
 Article Discussing Warren's ideas, from the Alliance for Workers' Liberty
 Marxism Mailing List: Bill Warren Controversy

1978 deaths
Communist Party of Great Britain members
British and Irish Communist Organisation members
Scottish communists
1935 births
Scottish non-fiction writers
Marxist writers


is a subway station on the  Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line in Nishi-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a picture of maple leaves  in front of an orange mountain, because there used to be Momiji-Hachimangu().

Lines

Platforms

Vicinity
Route 202
Deodeo
Nanakuma Line train depot
Suga Shrine
Hashimoto Park
Nishitetsu bus station

History
February 3, 2005: Opening of the station

References

Railway stations in Japan opened in 2005
Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Nanakuma Line