Steel was an Italian entertainment TV channel, owned by NBCUniversal and broadcast on Premium Gallery, a Digital terrestrial television service in Italy. It started broadcasting on 19 January 2008 at 13:30 (CET Time).

It was aimed at a male audience and broadcast action and science fiction / fantasy TV series and movies, with a branded block called Syfy.

Steel was not available on Satellite television, and was not available outside Italy.

Programs

See also
Mediaset Premium

External links
 Steel
 Syfy on Steel

Defunct television channels in Italy
Mediaset television channels
Television channels and stations established in 2008
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2013
2008 establishments in Italy
2013 disestablishments in Italy
Italian-language television stations


Endō, Endo, Endoh or Endou (written: , literally 'far-off wisteria' and short for 'Fujiwara in Enshu') is the 38th most common Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
 , Japanese actress
 Akari Endo (born 1989), Dominican-Japanese actress
 , Japanese voice actor
 , Japanese footballer
 Akira Endo (disambiguation), multiple people
 , Japanese architect
 , Japanese voice actress
 , Japanese artist
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese footballer
 Harry Endo (1922–2009), American actor
 , Japanese manga artist
 , Japanese badminton player
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese women's footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese actor and writer
 Kenny Endo (born 1953), American taiko musician
 , Japanese statesman
 , Japanese rugby union player
 , Japanese idol and singer
 , Japanese tennis player
 , Japanese singer-songwriter
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese video game designer
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese musician
 , Japanese composer, music arranger and producer
 , Japanese voice actress
 , Japanese physicist and chemist
 , Japanese samurai
 , Japanese samurai
 Nic Endo (born 1976), Japanese-German-American noise musician
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese actress
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese baseball player
 , Japanese cult member
 , Japanese aikidoka
 , Japanese sport wrestler
 , Japanese freestyle skier
 , Japanese sumo wrestler
 , member of the comedy duo Cocorico
  Japanese Roman Catholic writer
 , Japanese judoka
 Tadashi Endo (born 1947), Japanese butoh dancer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese motorcycle racer
 , Japanese actor
 , Japanese engineer
 Tetsuya Endo (disambiguation), multiple people
 Tomotaka Endo (born 1995), Japanese squash player
 , Japanese politician
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese long-distance runner
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese footballer
 , Japanese rower
 , Japanese rhythmic gymnast
 , Japanese artistic gymnast
 , Japanese voice actress and singer
 , Japanese actor and singer

References

Japanese-language surnames


The Mokshas (also Mokshans, Moksha people; ) comprise a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They live in the Russian Federation, mostly near the Volga River and the Moksha River, a tributary of the Oka River.

Their native language is Mokshan, one of the two surviving members of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic language family. According to a 1994 Russian census, 49% of the autochthonal Finnic population in Mordovia identified themselves as Mokshas, totaling more than 180,000 people. Most Mokshas belong to the Russian Orthodox Church; other religions practised by Mokshas include Lutheranism
and paganism.

Name

William of Rubruck, the Franciscan friar whom King Louis IX of France sent as an ambassador to the Mongols in the 1250s, called them "Moxel". The same term appears in the Persian/Arabic 14th-century chronicle of Rashid-al-Din. According to popular tradition the Russians first used the term "Mordva" to refer only to the Erzya people but later used it for both the Erzyas and the Mokshas. The term "Moksha" () begins to appear in Russian sources in the 17th century.

Local names for the Mokshas include:
Мокшет (Mokšet) or Мокшень ломатть (Mokšeń lomatt́) ("Moksha people") in Moksha
Мокшане (Mokshane) or Мордва-Мокша (Mordva-Moksha) in Russian
Muqşılar in Tatar
Мăкшăсем in Chuvash
Мокшот (Mokšot) in Erzya

History

Prehistory

The breakup of the Volga Finns into separate groups is believed to have begun around 1200 BC. The Moksha people cannot be traced earlier because they did not possess a distinctive burial tradition before that time. According to archeological data, bodies in early Mokshan burials were oriented with their heads to the south. Herodotus also describes the  Scythian-Persian war of 516-512 BC, which involved the entire population of the Middle Volga. During this war the Sarmatians forced out the Scythians and subdued some Moksha clans. During the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, Antes, Slavs, Mokshas and Erzyas became the most numerous and powerful population in East Europe. By the end of the 4th century, most Mokshas had joined the Hunnic tribal alliance, taken part in the defeat of the  Ostrogothic Empire in 377, and subsequently moved eastward and settled in Pannonia. Evidence of the Hunnic connection includes Mokshan battle harnesses, especially the bits and psalia, which are identical to early Hunnic battle harnesses. Archeological data show that the boundaries of Moksha territory did not change between the fourth and 8th centuries. In 450, the Mokshas were in alliance with a people of the Middle Volga known as the Burtas, who were possibly Alans.

Middle Ages

During the second Arab-Khazar War in 737, Arab armies under the command of Marwan ibn Muhammad reached the right bank of the Volga and came into conflict with the Burtas on their way to the left or "Khazar" bank of Volga. Circa 889–890, the Khazars were at war with the Burtas, the Oghuz and the Pechenegs. In 913, after a war between the Arsiyah and the Rus' at Atil began, five thousand Rus' survivors escaped up the Volga where most of them were killed by the Burtas. In 932, the Khazar King Aaron formed a war alliance with the Oghuz. Circa 940, during the reign of King Joseph, the Khazars entered into an alliance with the Burtas. Afterwards the Burtas Seliksa principality became a vassal of the Khazar khanate. In 965, Sviatoslav I of Kiev  “attacked the Khazars' allies, captured Sarkel and Bulgaria, and reached Semender” according to Ibn Haukal. Two years later, after the Great Flood, he seized and destroyed Atil. At the beginning of the 10th century Almush (Almış) the king of Volga Bulgaria took control of the "Khazar tribute". He converted to Islam, formed an alliance with the caliph of Baghdad Al-Muktafi, and founded a trading post at the mouth of the Oka river. The Kievan prince Vladimir seized Bolghar in 985. King Almush and Prince Vladimir signed a peace and trade treaty in 1006 which was the beginning of an "eternal peace" that lasted for 80 years. War for domination of the Oka River and the Erzyan fortress Obran Osh started again in 1120. Prince Yury of the city of Vladimir seized Oshel in 1220 and demanded a reduction of Bulgarian influence over the Erzyan kingdom (Purgas Rus). The latter was allied with Volga Bulgaria. Vladimirian princes captured and destroyed Obran Osh in 1221 and founded Nizhny Novgorod on the site. The Erzyan King Purgaz and the Mokshan King Puresh were at war and while Purgaz was allied with Volga Bulgaria, Puresh was an ally of Prince Yury.:97–98 In 1230 Purgaz laid siege to Nizhny Novgorod but was defeated. After that Puresh's son Prince Atämaz with his Polovtsi allies raided into Purgaz's lands and completely destroyed his kingdom.
As recorded by Rashid-al-Din in his Jami al-Tawarikh, 4 September 1236 was the date on which the sons of Jochi - Batu, Orda, and Berke, Ugedei's son Kadan, Chagatai's grandson Büri, and Genghis Khan's son Kulkan declared war on the Mokshas, Burtas and Erzyas. This war ended on 23 August 1237 with a crucial victory for the Mongols at the Black Forest close to the border of the Principality of Ryazan.

King Puresh of the Mokshans submitted to Batu Khan and was required personally to lead his army as a vassal in Mongol-Tartar military campaigns.
At the beginning of 1241 the Mongol army seized Kiev, then invaded Poland. Roger Bacon in his Opus Majus writes that the Mokshas were in the vanguard of the Mongol army and took part in the capture of Lublin and Zawichost in Poland. Benedict Polone reports that the Mokshan army suffered serious losses during the capture of Sandomierz in February and Krakow in March of the same year. On 9 April 1241 the Mongol army defeated the allied Polish and German armies at the Battle of Legnica. It is believed King Puresh was slain in that battle. Shortly after that battle the Mokshan army declared to Batu that they refused to fight against Germans. According to reports by William Rubruck and Roger Bacon, the Mokshas had previously negotiated with the Germans and Bohemians regarding the possibility of joining their side in order to escape from their forced vassalage to Batu. It is known that Subutai ordered the punishment of the conspirators; thousands of Mokshas were put to death, but approximately a third escaped and returned to their homeland. Another third remained in the vanguard of the Mongol army and marched into Hungary through the Verecke Pass in March 1242, according to the Hungarian bishop Stephan II and Matthew of Paris.

Geographic distribution
Mokshas live mostly in the central and western parts of the Republic of Mordovia, and neighbouring areas of Tambov Oblast and in the western and central parts of Penza Oblast. Populations of Mokshas also live in Orenburg Oblast, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Altai Krai, as well as in diaspora communities in Estonia, Kazakhstan, the United States, and Australia.

Culture

Language
Mokshas speak the Moksha language, which is a member of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic languages.

Mythology
In traditional Mokshan mythology the world was created by Ińe Narmon (Great Bird), referred to in folklore as Akša Loksti (White Swan). The first thing Ińe Narmon created was water. Yakśarga (Duck) brought sand from the bottom of the sea and Ińe Narmon took the sand and with it formed the earth with Ińe Šufta (The Great Tree) on it. Ińe Narmon made its nest on Ińe Šufta, which is usually referred to as Kelu (birch) in folklore. Akša Kal (White Sturgeon) carried the earth with the roots of Ińe Šufta on its back. Ińe Narmon had three nestlings: Tsofks (Nightingale), Kuku (Cuckoo),  and Ožarga (Skylark). Tsofks chose bushes and willows for his home, Kuku settled in the forest, and Ožarga went to the meadows. Another of the old deities mentioned in Mokshan folklore was Mešavane (Mother Bee). Since the Christianization of the Mokshans the Mokshan Supreme God has usually been called Värden Škai (Supreme Creator).

According to later legends the creation of the world went through several stages: first the Idemevs (Devil) was asked by the God to bring sand from the bottom of the great sea. Idemevs hid some sand in his mouth. When Värden Škai started creating the earth, this hidden sand started to grow in the mouth of Idemevs. He had to spit it out and thus chasms and mountains appeared on the previously level and beautiful earth. The first humans created by Värden Škai could live for 700–800 years and were giants 99 arshins (yards) tall.  The underworld in Mokshan mythology was ruled by Mastoratia. The souls of heroes, clan elders and warriors slain in battle travelled after death to the emerald green isle of Usiya, where they sat at a long table together with the great King Ťušťen drinking pure mead.

Physical anthropology
The first to write about the anthropological characteristics of Moksha and Erzya was the German encyclopedist, naturalist and traveler in the Russian service Peter Simon Pallas (1773), according to whose observations there were fewer light-blond and red-haired Mokshas than Erzyans, however, the latter also had dark blond hair. In 1912, a course of lectures by S.K. Kuznetsov was published, which notes the anthropological characteristics of the Mokshans and Erzyans, which states that the Mokshans have a greater variety of anthropological types. Compared to the Erzyans, who have a greater predominance of fair-haired, gray-eyed and light-skinned individuals, the Mokshas have a predominant number of people with black hair and eyes, dark, yellowish skin color.

K.U. Mark distinguishes the Sub-Ural and North Pontic type among the Mokshans, and among the Erzyans — the Sura type, close to the Western Baltic. Anthropologist T.I. Alekseeva argued that in the Mokshans, compared to the Erzyans, the features of Southern Europeans are more noticeably manifested, and she attributes the Erzyans more to the circle of Northern Europeans. V.E. Deryabin noted that the Moksha people have an Eastern European base, modified by a Pontic anthropological component in combination with a slight Uraloid admixture. According to the publication of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2000) edited by A.A. Zubov, the Erzyans belong to the White Sea-Baltic version of the Caucasian race, which is represented, in addition to the Erzyans, by the majority of the Baltic Finnish-speaking peoples and part of the Komi-Zyryans. The Mokshas belong to the Ural race, within which the Mokshas are classified as the Sub-Ural subtype. The anthropological difference between the Erzyans and Mokshas, who are basically Caucasian race and subethnic groups of one of the most anthropologically homogeneous peoples, lies, in particular, in the fact that the Atlantic and North Pontic types are to some extent superimposed on the White Sea-Baltic basis of the Mordovians. The first type is represented predominantly among the Erzyans, the second — among the Mokshans, although both types are present in both categories of the population. Anthropologically, Moksha was formed as a result of the mixing of various types (White Sea, Pontic, East Baltic) of the Caucasian race.

Genetic studies
As a result of  singled out four main types of maps of genetic distances – "Eastern European", "North-Eastern", "North-Balkan", "South-Balkan", which included Slavic, Baltic, some Finno-Ugric and other peoples of Europe, however, maps of distances from Moksha do not belong to any of these types, which, according to the scientist, indicates the genetic identity of the Moksha people. The gene pool of the Finno-Ugric peoples itself has a high interpopulation diversity and a low intrapopulation diversity.:331

For the analysis of mitochondrial DNA, data on the frequencies of 16 haplogroups were used – A, C, D, H, HV, I, J, K, T, U2, U3, U4, U5a, U5b, V, W. The analysis showed a significant difference in gene pools of Finno-Ugric populations (including the peoples of Moksha and Erzya) from the following gene pools of Europe – the population of the Russian North, Norwegians, Germans and other German-speaking peoples, as well as Irish, Slavs (other Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Slovenes and Bosnians), Balts, Hungarians and Swedes. All western and eastern Finnish-speaking peoples (except Estonians) – Finns, Karelians, Mari, Komi, Moksha and Erzya fell into separate clusters, being genetically distant from the entire European mitochondrial array, including northern Russian populations and other Slavs.; illustration 6.18

The genetic landscape of the Mokshans according to the Y-chromosome haplogroups testifies to the great originality of their gene pool, since it covers a small area of the middle reaches of the Volga, limited to its right bank. The performed analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroups indicates a significant genetic difference between Moksha not only from the gene pool of the Slavic and other neighboring peoples, but also from the Erzya gene pool, despite their close geographic location;; illustration 5.27 data on the frequencies of 15 Y-chromosome haplogroups showed that the Moksha and Erzya populations are not included in a single cluster.

Data of population geneticists of the Y-chromosome on the haplogroups of the Mokshans of the Staroshaigovsky district of Mordovia: R1a — 26,5%, J2 — nd (20,5%), N3 (TAT) — 16,9%, R1b — 13,3%, I1 — 12%, I2b — 4,8%, N2 (P43) — 2,4%, I2 — 2,4%, K*(M9) — 1,2%. Mitochondrial DNA by haplogroup: H — 41,5%, U5 — 18,9%, T — 7,6%, U2 — 5,7%, J — 5,7%, V — 5,7%, U4 — 3,8%, I — 3,8%, T1 — 1,9%, R — 1,9%, D — 1,9%, other — 1,9%.

Y-chromosome data on Moksha haplogroups of the Erzya-Moksha-Mescher Family Tree DNA genetic project: R1a — 29%, J2b — 19%, J2a — 14%, G2a — 14%, N1c — 9%, E1b — 5%, R1b — 5%, J1 — 5%.

Famous people of Moksha descent
 Vasily Shukshin, Soviet writer, actor and film director
 Evgeny Chichvarkin, Russian businessman
 Alexander Ovechkin, Russian ice hockey player
 Oleg Maskaev, Russian boxer
 Mikhail Devyataev, Soviet fighter pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union

References

Bibliography
Финно-угры и балты в эпоху средневековья. (Археология СССР). М., 1987. С. 398-404, С. 411-419 (PDF) [Finno-Ugrians and Balts in the Middle Ages. (USSR Archeology). Moscow, 1987. pp. 398-404, 411-419 (PDF)]
Кулаков В.И. Древности пруссов VI-XIII вв. САИ. Вып. Г1-9 М., 1990.  [Kulakov V.I. Antiquities of the Prussians of the 6th-13th centuries. Code of Archaeological Sources (CAS). Issue G1-9 Moscow, 1990]
Jaskanis J. Jacwiez w badaniach archeologicznych. Stan i perspektywy badawce // Rocznik biatostocki. T. XIV. Biatystok. 1981. S. 49–67.
Nowakowski W. Osiedia Kultury bogaczcwskiej - proba podsumowania stanu badart // WA. LI-1. 1986–1990.
Таутавичюс А.3. Балтские племена на территории Литвы в I тысячелетии н.э. // Из древнейшей истории балтских народов (по данным археологии и антропологии). Рига, 1980. С. 81, 82 [Tautavičius A.S.  Baltic tribes on the territory of Lithuania in the 1st millennium AD.  // From the ancient history of the Baltic peoples (according to archeology and anthropology).  Riga, 1980. pp. 81, 82]
Kevin Alan Brook. The Jews of Khazaria. 2nd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2010.
Генетический проект компании FamilyTree DNA «Эрзя-Мокша», таблица по гаплогруппам мокшан [Genetic program of the company FamilyTree DNA "Erzya-Moksha", table on the haplogroups of the Moksha]

External links
Webpage of the Zubu district of Mordovia,  with historical and cultural information on the Moksha people in Russian, English and French
Mokshen Pravda newspaper
Moksha - English - Moksha online dictionary
News in Moksha
Mokshan mythology
Mokshan folklore
Mokshan names
Moksha portal - Mokshan history, music and video
The periodic table in the Moksha language
Mokshan pop music

Moksha people
Finnic peoples
Indigenous peoples of Europe
Ethnic groups in Russia


The American rock band Shinedown has released seven studio albums, two live albums, five extended plays, three video albums, and 31 singles.

All of Shinedown's singles have charted on at least one Billboard tracking chart. Their biggest hit is "Second Chance", the second single from their album The Sound of Madness. The single reached number seven on the Hot 100, number three on the Mainstream Top 40, and number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, Alternative Songs, and Adult Top 40 charts.

Shinedown has found much of its success on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, as each of their 30 singles in the format has reached the top five, with "Dead Don't Die" becoming the most recent in March 2023. Of those 30 singles, eighteen of them have climbed to the number one spot, a chart record.

The band also has three singles that spent at least 10 weeks at number one. Their first single to do this was also their first ever chart topper, "Save Me", which came from the 2005 album Us and Them. "Second Chance" became the second during its massive run of success. The third and most recent was "Bully", which was released in 2012 off of the album Amaryllis.

Albums

Studio albums

Notes

Live albums

Compilation albums

Extended plays

Singles

Notes

Promotional singles

Video albums

Music videos

Other songs

References

Discographies of American artists

Rock music group discographies


Shaun Watson-Smith (born 6 February 1970 in Port Elizabeth) is a South African racing driver who has mainly raced in Touring Cars. He first entered the national production car championship in 1991, winning the overall championship a year later in 1992. In 1994 he got a works drive for the Opel team, helping to develop the new car. He was class B champion in 1995 driving his Opel two-litre Astra and also won his debut race in the South African Touring Car Championship. After finishing third in class in 1996, he went on to dominate the championship winning the title in 1997 and 1998. In 1999 he drove in the South African Touring Car Championship, finishing tenth on points in a Petronas Opel Vectra. He went on to finish second in the final full year of the championship. From 2001 through to 2003, he raced in the WesBank V8 Series, driving an Opel Astra. He never raced a full season, but won several selected races that he drove in.

In 2004 he got his big break in the British Touring Car Championship driving a works Proton Impian for Petronas Syntium Proton, alongside teammate Fariqe Hairuman. He impressed many people with his driving and pace that season, but the team was under-funded and the car was well off the pace of the other works teams. He placed fourteenth on points and at the end of the season Proton withdrew from the championship and he returned to South Africa.

Racing record

Complete British Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position - 1 point awarded in first race) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap - 1 point awarded all races) (* signifies that driver lead race for at least one lap - 1 point awarded all races)

External links
 BTCC Pages Profile.

South African racing drivers
British Touring Car Championship drivers
1970 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Port Elizabeth


A video aggregator is a website that collects and organizes online videos from other sources. Video aggregation is done for different purposes, and websites take different approaches to achieve their purpose.

Some sites try to collect videos of high quality or interest for visitors to view; the collection may be made by editors or may be based on community votes. Another method is to base the collection on those videos most viewed, either at the aggregator site or at various popular video hosting sites. Some other sites exist to allow users to collect their own sets of videos, for personal use as well as for browsing and viewing by others; these sites can develop online communities around video sharing. Still other sites allow users to create a personalized video playlist, for personal use as well as for browsing and viewing by others.

References

Aggregation websites
Aggregator


Arnold Rørholt (14 June 1884 – 1961) was a Norwegian military officer, known as a resistance member during World War II. He was also the secretary-general of the Royal Norwegian Automobile Club for many years.

Career
He was born in Hamar. He finished his secondary education in 1901 and graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy in 1905. He also graduated from the Norwegian Military College in 1907, and started working for the General Staff. He worked in Oslo Militære Samfund from 1909 to 1926. From 1918 to 1920 he was the secretary of the Association of Regular Officers () and edited their periodical Vår Hær. In 1926 he moved to the Royal Norwegian Automobile Club, where he was secretary-general from 1929 to 1949 and chief executive from 1949 to 1953. He edited their magazine Motorliv as well as their yearbook. After retiring from the Royal Norwegian Automobile Club he was hired in the Norwegian Armed Forces department of war history. He had already released a book about Oslo Militære Samfund; in 1925. In 1955 he became chairman of the pensioners' association Landslaget for statspensjonister, succeeding Per Skotte. Rørholt was deputy chairman from 1953 to 1955.

In the military he reached the rank of lieutenant colonel, and was a member of the illegal resistance group Milorg during the German occupation of Norway. He became a member of the inner circle Rådet in May 1943, but had to flee to Sweden in January 1945. He continued the resistance from Stockholm until the May 1945 liberation of Norway, and was a member of the police troops in Sweden. His son Bjørn, whom he had together with Luise Fredrikke Lund (1891–1965), was also involved in the resistance, as a Secret Intelligence Service officer. When Rørholt's group Skylark B was unveiled by the Germans in September 1941, Arnold Rørholt was arrested by the Nazi authorities as a hostage. He was incarcerated at Møllergata 19 from 12 September 1941 to 23 April 1942, then at Grini concentration camp until 9 November 1942.

Decorations
Arnold Rørholt held the Defence Medal 1940–1945. He was decorated as a Knight of the Order of the Polar Star, Knight First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog, Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland, and also with the Order of the Crown of Italy.

References

1884 births
1961 deaths
People from Hamar
Norwegian Military Academy alumni
Norwegian Military College alumni
Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Norwegian resistance members
Norwegian expatriates in Sweden
Grini concentration camp survivors
Knights of the Order of the Polar Star
Knights First Class of the Order of the Dannebrog
Commanders of the Order of the Lion of Finland


Fred Charles Gardner (4 June 1922 – 12 January 1979) was an English first-class cricketer and footballer. As a footballer, he played inside-forward for Birmingham, Coventry City, Newport County, and Rugby Town. In his cricket career, he was a right-hand opening batsman who played for Warwickshire.

Football career
Gardner was playing for Birmingham when World War II came to Europe. He guested for Port Vale in 1946. He signed with Coventry City after the war, and scored three goals in 13 league games for the "Bantams" as the Second Division club posted mid-table finishes in 1946–47, 1947–48, and 1948–49 under the stewardship of Billy Frith and Harry Storer. He scored two goals in four Third Division South games for Tom Bromilow's Newport County in the 1949–50 season. After leaving Rodney Parade, he played for Rugby Town and later became the trainer-coach of Lockheed Leamington.

Cricket career
Gardner was a solid defensive player, who formed a productive opening partnership with Norman Horner for Warwickshire. He played 338 first-class matches for the county between 1947 and 1961, and also made one appearance for an England XI against the touring South Africans in 1955 and one for the Players against the Gentlemen in 1957.

Gardner made his first-class debut in 1947 at the age of 25, becoming a regular in 1949 when he was awarded his county cap. He was an ever-present in the 1951 season when Warwickshire won the County Championship, he contributed 1,338 runs and 27 catches to the success. He scored a total of 17,905 first-class runs at an average of 33.71, passing 1,000 runs in a season for ten consecutive years between 1949 and 1958. His highest score was 215 not out in 415 minutes against Somerset in 1950; Warwickshire went on to win by an innings and 126 runs.

In 1953 Gardner scored 110 against the touring Australians, becoming the first Warwickshire batsman to score a hundred against an Australian side. He was awarded a benefit season in 1958, the last season in which he appeared regularly.

After finishing his playing career in 1961, he joined the umpires list standing in 98 first-class matches between 1962 and 1965. Following this he dedicated time to coaching juniors in the Coventry area.

Gardner died at the age of 56, in his native Coventry, following a long illness.

Football career statistics
Source:

References

External links

 Cricket Archive

1922 births
1979 deaths
Cricketers from Coventry
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Birmingham City F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. wartime guest players
Coventry City F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Rugby Town F.C. (1945) players
English Football League players
Association football coaches
English cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Players cricketers
English cricket umpires


1987 was a twentieth century year.

1987 may also refer to:
 1987 (number), the natural number following 1986 and preceding 1988

Astronomy
 1987 Kaplan, a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1952
 1987 YA, a Mars-crossing asteroid discovered on December 18, 1987
SN 1987A, a supernova first seen in 1987
NGC 1987, a globular star cluster in the constellation Mensa

Film and television
 1987 (film), a 2014 French-Canadian film
 1987: When the Day Comes, a 2017 South Korean film
 "1987" (Robot Chicken episode)

Music
 1987 (artist) (born 1987), Swedish pop musician
  1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?), an album by the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu
 1987 (Fibes, Oh Fibes! album), 2009
 1987 (Naser Mestarihi album), the full-length debut of Qatar-based rock musician Naser Mestarihi
 Whitesnake (album) or 1987, an album by Whitesnake
 "1987" (song), a song by Juan Campodónico
 Nineteen Eighty Seven, a 2005 album by Whitecross

See also

UN 1987, a UN number indicating a hazardous substance


Marcelo Costa Resende Siqueira  (born January 27, 1987 in Porto Alegre) is a Brazilian football player, last played for Agremiação Sportiva Arapiraquense.

External links
websoccerclub.com Profile

1987 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Cypriot First Division players
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
AEK Larnaca FC players
Ethnikos Achna FC players
Agremiação Sportiva Arapiraquense players
Men's association football defenders
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Footballers from Porto Alegre


The Vermont Mariners are a defunct minor league baseball team. They played in the Eastern League at Centennial Field in Burlington, Vermont in 1988. They were affiliated with the Seattle Mariners.

History
Prior to their four-year stint as the Vermont Mariners, this franchise was known as the Vermont Reds from 1984 to 1987 and served as the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds.  Prior to that, the franchise was known as the Lynn Sailors from 1980 to 1983 and served as the Double-A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners (1980 to 1982) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1983).

By September 1988, with the team in the Eastern League playoffs, team owner Mike Agganis had decided to move the franchise to Canton, Ohio. Canton was building a brand-new ballpark, Thurman Munson Memorial Stadium, which would have a capacity of 5,700. More so, the Canton metropolitan area offered twice the population of Burlington. Agganis told the New York Times, "Our attendance has averaged out to about 85,000 over five years in Burlington. In Canton, we can probably do between 225,000 and 300,000 attendance."  The franchise moved to Canton after the 1988 season, affiliated with Cleveland, and became the Canton–Akron Indians.

Season-by-season record

Notable players
Chuck Carr
Eric Fox
Jerry Goff
Ken Griffey Jr.
Calvin Jones
Pat Lennon
Omar Vizquel
Jim Wilson
Clint Zavaras

References

External links
 Team history

Defunct Eastern League (1938–present) teams
Seattle Mariners minor league affiliates
Sports clubs and teams in Burlington, Vermont
Professional baseball teams in Vermont
1988 establishments in Vermont
1988 disestablishments in Vermont
Defunct baseball teams in Vermont
Baseball teams disestablished in 1988
Baseball teams established in 1988


Rye Harbour Site of Special Scientific Interest is a nature reserve located on the western side of the mouth of the River Rother at Rye Harbour, about 1 mile downstream from Rye East Sussex.  It forms part of a wide network of SSSI's on the Kent-Sussex border that include the  Romney & Walland Marsh, the Dungeness Peninsular, the lower Rother Valley and the Pett Levels.

It is a complicated site of both biological and geological interest. Varied habitats of shingle, saltmarsh and intertidal muds host a wide variety of flora and fauna. It forms the second largest area of shingle habitat in southern England, only surpassed in area by Dungeness. A much larger area is designated as the Rye Harbour Local Nature Reserve.

The Natural England citation for the site covers an area of 761 hectares, but the details page and map cover a small area of 5.6 hectares north of the nature reserve. The area covered by the map may have been transferred to the Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay SSSI, but the citations are for the old SSSIs.

References

External links
 http://rxwildlife.org.uk/category/rye-harbour-nature-reserve/
 http://www.wildrye.info/
 http://www.wildrye.info/reserve/about/map.php

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in East Sussex
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1953
Local Nature Reserves in East Sussex
Icklesham


The Beast Within is a 1982 horror film directed by Philippe Mora.

The Beast Within may also refer to:

The Beast Within (novel), a 1981 novel by Edward Levy; basis for the film
"The Beast Within" (song), a remix of the 1990 Madonna song "Justify My Love"
"The Beast Within" (The Little Mermaid), a 1994 TV episode
"The Beast Within" (Teen Titans), a 2004 TV episode
The Beast Within: A Gabriel Knight Mystery, a 1995 computer adventure game
Beast Within, a 2008 album by Katra
La Bête Humaine or The Beast Within, an 1890 novel by Émile Zola
Virus Undead or Beast Within, a 2008 German horror film


KylieX2008 is the 2008 DVD and Blu-ray Disc release of Kylie Minogue's tenth concert tour of the same name. The film features the entire concert (shot in Super 16 format) along with a documentary, stage backdrop projections, conceptual designs, and a photo gallery.  Shot on 16mm film the Blu-ray release received comments regarding a grainy picture quality, due to 16mm not being suitable for HD TV.

Track listing

Special Features

Charts

References

External links
Minogue's official website

Kylie Minogue video albums
Live video albums
2008 video albums
Kylie Minogue live albums
2008 live albums


Tamás Wichmann (4 February 1948 – 12 February 2020) was a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from 1966 to 1983. Competing in four Summer Olympics, he won three medals. This included two silver (C-1 1000 m: 1972, C-2 1000 m: 1968) and one bronze (C-1 1000 m: 1976).

Wichmann found further success at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, winning a total of 18 medals. This included nine golds (C-1 1000 m: 1979, C-1 10000 m: 1970, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982; C-2 1000 m: 1971), four silvers (C-1 500: 1971, C-1 1000 m: 1966, 1978; C-2 1000 m: 1970), and five bronzes (C-1 1000 m: 1973, 1975; C-1 10000 m: 1973, 1983; C-2 1000 m: 1973).

He was elected Hungarian Sportsman of the year in 1979 after winning two gold medals at that year's World Championships.

References

External links

1948 births
2020 deaths
Canoeists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Hungarian male canoeists
Olympic canoeists for Hungary
Olympic silver medalists for Hungary
Olympic bronze medalists for Hungary
Olympic medalists in canoeing
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in Canadian
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Canoeists from Budapest
20th-century Hungarian people


Michael John Bickle (born 25 January 1944) is an English former professional footballer. He played for Plymouth Argyle and Gillingham between 1965 and 1973, before his career was cut short by injury.

Career
Bickle was born in Plymouth but began his footballing career playing semi-professionally for St Austell of the South Western Football League while working as a milkman. Playing as a striker, he gained a reputation as a highly prolific goalscorer, attracting the attention of professional clubs, and in December 1965, at the age of nearly 22, turned professional with his hometown team, Plymouth Argyle, then of the Football League Second Division.  He adjusted quickly to the higher level of football and scored 9 goals in just 17 games in his first season.  He went on to be the club's top goalscorer for the following four consecutive seasons, and in total scored 71 goals in 179 league matches, but was unable to save the club from relegation to the Football League Third Division in the 1967–68 season. In November 1971 Gillingham manager Andy Nelson, who had played alongside Bickle at Home Park, signed him for the Kent-based club, after weeks of press speculation, for a fee of around £7,000.

Bickle's arrival at Priestfield Stadium saw him replacing Tommy Watson in a team struggling after relegation to the Football League Fourth Division, and he began his Gillingham career strongly, with two goals in his first five matches. He finished the 1971–72 season with seven goals to his name, making him the team's third-highest scorer. Just six matches into the following season, however, he suffered a neck injury in a match against Stockport County which kept him out of action for over two months.  He made his comeback against Reading in the FA Cup in November 1972, but injured his shoulder during his comeback match and never played for the team again. In January 1973 he accepted the advice of a medical specialist and retired from the sport. He returned to his native West Country but there is no record of him having any further involvement in football.

References

1944 births
Living people
Footballers from Plymouth, Devon
A.F.C. St Austell players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Gillingham F.C. players
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards


Lifford railway station refers to a series of railway stations in Cotteridge, Birmingham, England.

History
There were three stations at different times in the vicinity named Lifford.

 Lifford station (1840–1875) on the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway (now the Camp Hill line)
 Lifford station (1876–1885) on the Birmingham West Suburban Railway (now the Cross-City Line)
 Lifford station (1885–1941) on the Midland Railway (formerly the B&GR)

The first station opened on 17 December 1840 on the Birmingham and Gloucester (B&GR) main line. This  was absorbed into the Midland Railway in 1845. The original station closed in 1875.

The second station opened on 1 June 1876 as the terminus of the Midland Railway's Birmingham West Suburban Railway (BWSR) to Granville Street. It closed on 28 September 1885.

The third station opened on 28 September 1885 and was located proximal to the site of the original station on the former B&GR. It closed in 1941 due to Second World War economy measures.

Although the Camp Hill line and three of its former stations are due to reopen to passenger services in December 2023, Lifford is not currently included.

Station masters

W.H. Townson 1864
G. Hawley 1864—1866
F. Symonds 1866
B. Lunn 1866—?
Edwin Brownett c.1871—1902
A. Walker 1902—1906
Josiah Farndon 1906—1914
A. Edkins 1940—1941(also station master at Kings Norton)

References

Disused railway stations in Birmingham, West Midlands
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1840
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1844
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1876
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1885
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1885
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1941
Former Midland Railway stations


Field Ruwe (born 8 August 1955) is an educator, historian, author, and scholar practitioner currently based in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. In his native country of Zambia, Dr. Ruwe is known as a radio and television host, and entrepreneur. On March 30, 2016, Ruwe signed a book contract with the Oklahoma-based Tate Publishing and Enterprises, LCC for his novel "Crown Jewels." The deal includes Ruwe's future fiction and nonfiction works.

Writings and Education
As well as his radio and television journalism, Ruwe has written for newspapers and has authored books. Using research methods used in journalism, Ruwe has written three novels "Dyeing of Colors", "Alluvial Reflections", "Pearly Gates", and his fourth entitled "Crown Jewels" which is due to be published soon. His first novel "Dyeing of Colors" was published in 2003. His second novel, "Alluvial Reflections", published in 2004, is Ruwe's attempt at thriller. In 2004, Ruwe went on Leave of Absence from Suffolk University to write his third novel "Pearly Gates", published in 2007. In the novel, the jury finds Fisha Bayu guilty and sends him to death row.  Ruwe's latest novel "Crown Jewels" is a sequel in which Fisha Bayu seeks reparations for colonialism.

Ruwe holds a doctorate degree in Education from Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. He was trained as a broadcaster by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and was educated at the New England Institute of Art and Communications, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts, California State University, Fresno, Fresno Pacific University, Fresno, and Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. He earned a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Mass Communication and Journalism with a major in Broadcast Journalism and a Master's Degree in History. He is a member of the Alpha Delta Pi Society and the Phi Alpha Theta an American honor society for undergraduate and graduates students and professors of history. At California State University, Fresno, he was conferred membership in Kappa Tau Alpha's National Honor Society in Journalism and Mass Communication. In 2006, Ruwe became a member of the Golden Key International Honour Society an organisation that recognizes college students solely on the basis of their academic achievements. Well known honorary members include US President Bill Clinton, General Colin Powell, Astronaut John Glenn and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

Early life
Ruwe was born in Wusakili Hospital, Kitwe, Zambia, the son of Jeremiah Aaron Ruwe and Rachel Mbizi. He attended Maiteneke Primary School in Chingola. In 1968, he was moved to Chingola Primary School an all-white school. In 1969 he attended high school at Chikola Secondary School, Chingola, and later at Matero Boys' Secondary School in Lusaka. He was a member of the Chikola Debate Club and the Boys' Brigade. He sang in the Chiwempala Church Choir and the St. Marks Church Choir.

Career
In 1975, he entered broadcasting as a Program Operator for Zambia Broadcasting Services, recording radio programs. The following year, Ruwe devised a television sketch show called Tiyende Pamodzi Comedy Show, based on the BBC format of The Two Ronnies, a comedy show aired on Television Zambia in the early seventies, featuring the double act of Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett.

Ruwe's first time to host a radio show was in 1977 when he took over the presentation of "Sanyo Hit Parade" from Humphrey Mapoma. Known by the listeners as "Captain of the Air," Ruwe featured an eclectic selection of whatever sort of music struck his fancy. He began to get deluged with mail from listeners who asked him to play their favorite songs. So, Ruwe ventured into commercial radio production, getting sponsorship from various companies around the country.

In 1978, Ruwe resigned from ZBS and later moved to Nairobi, Kenya, where he produced a comedy show on the Voice of Kenya television entitled "Come What May," featuring himself as the disastrous-prone 'Dafurao.' The program was a sketch show crossed with a sitcom. It also included a duo of him and Rashpal Panesar reading a spoof of news. It is believed that Ruwe was the first to introduce locally produced English comedy on the Voice of Kenya. Ruwe also performed radio continuity duties, narrated various scripted programs and compiled/presented "Jazz Hour" on the Voice of Kenya.

BBC Club
Ruwe returned to Zambia in 1982. In the same year, he was sponsored by The British Council to study television production at the BBC Open University in Milton Keynes, England and became a member of the BBC Club.

Private sector
Upon completion of the course, he returned home and in 1983 teamed up with Zambia's prolific actress Mathilda Malamamfumu Tutu to form Rutu Advertising Agency. Their immediate hit was "Secretary of the Year" contest, which was launched in August 1984. The contest featured top-flight secretaries drawn from different parts of the country and drew interest from the private sector and parastatal organizations including the Bank of Zambia. In 1985, Ruwe and his partner acquired copies of the movie Love Brewed in an African Pot directed by Ghanaian film maker Akwa Ansah which they showed around the country. In the same year, Ruwe wrote his first book, Have A Good Laugh, a compilation of jokes from different parts of the world.

In 1986, Ruwe and Tutu split. Rutu became Rute Advertising ('te' drawn from his daughter Thembinkosi). Between 1986 and 1990 Ruwe scripted and hosted various radio and television programs which included "Money Matters" by the Bank of Zambia, "The Road" a production of the National Roads Board and the World Bank, "Zamseed Radio Program" by Zambia Seed Company, "DBZ of the Air" by the Development Bank of Zambia, and more than twenty companies under the auspices of INDECO group of companies. Television programs included "The Tourist" by Zambia National Tourist Board, and various sponsored musicals. During the first Zambia Annual Broadcasting Awards Ceremony, held in Lusaka on 29 December 1989, Ruwe was presented "The Best Disc Jockey of the Year" for all radio channels award, thereby being recognized as the best radio DJ in the country.

From 1990 to 1995, Ruwe operated his own car hire (Rute Car Hire) firm with a fleet of eleven cars and one bus. Ruwe was also known to feature at state functions, dinners and weddings as Master of Ceremonies (ringmaster), often bringing humor and fun to the occasion.

Current life
In 2006, Ruwe hosted a radio program called The World at Large, on Valley Public Radio, KVPR FM89.3 Fresno and KPRX FM89.1 Bakersfield, California. The program served as a vehicle to share ideas and possible solutions to the myriad of complex issues facing the world of trade. Between June and October 2006, Ruwe interviewed growers, food processors, manufacturers, importers and exporters. Program participants included corporate CEOs, members of Chamber and Commerce, Professors in Agricultural and Business schools, and US government officials in the trade departments.

In 2008, Ruwe, in league with distinguished scholars, Dr. Miles Ishigaki, professor at Fresno State, and Dr. Robert Marquez, scientist and affiliated New Mexico State University professor, created Africa Center (USA) a non-profit, all-inclusive clearinghouse for philanthropists, donors and sympathizers wishing to help African relief efforts and improve the lives of the displaced, impoverished and diseased in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

2011- Ruwe is the author of "Hunt for Successor Series" based on Zambian politics. His article "Hunt for Successor 8: Zambian Intellectuals are Lazy" (retitled 'You Lazy (Intellectual) African Scum!' ) went viral. He is the author of the "Biography of President of Zambia Michael Chilufya Sata." Following the death of the president parts of the article were quoted by the New York Times, and Agence France-Presse (AFP).

Personal life
Dr. Ruwe is married to Dr. Mathilda Bwalya Ruwe a medical doctor and research scientist. He is a father of three children, Thembinkosi, Dalitso (Dr. Dalitso Ruwe) and Rachel, and a grandfather of three, Martin, Zoe and Gabriel.

Newspaper articles by Ruwe
Sanger Herald:
In the line of duty: Sanger born earns purple heart|
Michael Montelongo sworn in as mayor|
Promoting Sanger to Valley radio listeners|
Squaw Valley residents fear private metering|
Seventy years and still going strong: Bill and Florine Kyler are part of Sanger’s history|
New equipment for city playgrounds|
Lower electric bills in your future –City considers options to reduce cost|
Combating speeders – Police will get more tools to slow down speeders|
City borrows DBCP funds to buy truck: Previous loans have been repaid|
 park in Sanger's future: Proposition 84 dollars may be used|

Orange Cove and Mountain Times:
Questions, legalities arise over Orange Cove declaring Emergency status of BMX track|
Public works plan bewildering|
Local fire department and city at odds over funds|

The Fowler Ensign:
Mary-Anne Ward named new postmaster for Fowler Post Office|
In the Spotlight – New church joins Fowler community|
In the Spotlight- Fowler librarian Benjamin Langstraat|

The Reedley Exponent:
Street Faire's 20th Anniversary – First Saturday in May is Reedley tradition|
Mountain residents question cancelled water meeting|
Measure K – Kings Canyon Unified School District $32 million bond|
Measure E – Sierra Kings District Hospital $20 million bond package|

Madera Tribune:
Neighbors and Friends – Loving the thrills of fiction writing – Author Bonnie Hearn Hill|
The women's improvement club|
The Flume: Water transportation system helped economic development|
Water Battle: Fights over Valley’s resource go back to 1860|

Tulare Advance- Register:
It's growth vs. preservation|

Mid-Valley Publishing:
Cities may seek Ag land for future development

References
The Historian (2010) Vol. 71 Number 3., p. 740 Wiley-Blackwell Tampa FL.

Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (1990) Profile on Radio 4 by Frank Mutubila

Nairobi Times (1980) Everyman's Everyman by Margaretta Wagacheru

Gunda, M. R. & Kugler, J. (2012).The Bible and Politics in Africa (2012) Vol.7 of Bible African Studies. University of Bamberg Press. Pg.170

Njamnjoh, H.M. (2013). Bridging Mobilities: ICTs Appropriation by Cameroonians in South Africa and The Netherlands. Langaa RPCIG, pg 201

Fasua, T. (2011). Crushed!Navigating Africa's Tortuous Quest for Development: Myths and Realities. AuthorHouse

Ruwe, F. (2010). The History of Technology and Innovation: Development of Radio-broadcasting Technology in Africa: The case of former British Colonies, including the former Portuguese colony of Mozambique. Fresno Pacific University, California, U.S.A.

Koloko, L. (2013). Zambian Music Legends. Book-A-Million. Pg 170

External links

 Official Website of Field Ruwe
 https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/30/world/africa/michael-sata-sharp-tongued-president-of-zambia-dies-at-77.html?_r=0
 UKZambians category columns: Field Ruwe
 Lusaka Times Archives: Articles by Field Ruwe
 Zambian Watchdog Category Archives: Field Ruwe
 Bulawayo24 News Category Archives: Field Ruwe
 East African Standard Decolonizing Ngugi wa Thiongo's Mentality
 The Times of Nigeria Decolonizing Ngugi wa Thiongo's Mentality
 Scribd.com Biography of Michael Chilufya Sata President of Zambia
 The New Times:Rwanda's Leading English Daily Big Lesson from Field Ruwe's Article
 The Zambian Economist Is Zambia Intellectually Blind?
 Mind of Malaka You Lazy Intellectual African Scum
 Allafrica.com You Lazy Intellectual African Scum by Field Ruwe
 African Star News  The Walter Attack on African Intelligentsia
 The Reedley Exponent Improper bidding alleged on Orange Cove BMX park

1955 births
Living people
Zambian novelists
Alumni of the Open University
Zambian journalists
People from Kitwe
Suffolk University alumni
California State University, Fresno alumni
Fresno Pacific University alumni
21st-century novelists
Zambian television personalities
Zambian writers
21st-century Zambian writers


"Les frères existent encore" is the second single from Million Dollar Boy, the second studio album by French-Canadian rapper from Montreal, K.Maro. In France, this single was the singer's fifth and last top ten hit.

Track listings
 CD single
 "Les frères existent encore" — 3:39
 "Million Dollar Boy" — 3:33

 Digital download
 "Les frères existent encore" — 3:39

Charts

References

2005 songs
2006 singles
K.Maro songs