Rectilinear Research Corporation was a manufacturer of loudspeakers.  The company was formed around 1966 and its principal was Morris I. Wiener (alt. sp. "Weiner") of Plandome Manor, New York.

The first known main office location for the company (1966–68) was at 30 Main Street, Brooklyn, New York.  Some time around 1968, the company moved headquarters, manufacturing assembly, and service center to 107 Bruckner Blvd (E 133rd St.) in the Bronx. The company remained at this address until it was shuttered in 1977–8.

Arnold Schwartz (Micro-Acoustics, founded in 1966), James Bongiorno (Ampzilla, founded in 1974), Marty Gersten (Ohm Acoustics, founded 1971), Jon Dahlquist (co-founder [with Saul B. Marantz] of Dahlquist Phased Array in 1978 ), and Richard Shahinian (later engineer designer with Harman Kardon and founder of Shahinian Acoustics  at or around 1975) were at different times and at different stages working with the company as engineers to develop speaker models.

The company launched its first model, the Rectilinear III, in 1966. The early versions were designed by Arnold Schwartz and later by James Bongiorno (who also designed the Rectilinear X model).

The first known independent notice for the "III" is a retailer advertisement dated 12/4/1966. This model, as did many later Rectilinear models, received many positive reviews by audio journalists in major audio magazines, including Stereo Review, Popular Electronics, Buyer's Guide Magazine, and Stereo & Hi-Fi Times. Three of the company's print advertisements were illustrated by the artist Rick Meyerowitz and ran in publications such as Rolling Stone, National Lampoon, and others in 1973 and 1974.

Although formally this model always carried the name "III", it was colloquially often nicknamed the "Highboy" following the launch of the "III Lowboy" (around 1970) in order not to confuse the two models. Both the III "Highboy" and III Lowboy are pictured here.

By 1971, Rectilinear had expanded its product range to include the following speaker models (MSRP prices per speaker):

 III (3-way, six drivers) - 35x18x12" - $279
 III Lowboy (3-way, six drivers) - 28x22x12" - $299
 Mini III (3-way) - 19x12x10" - $100
 VI (3-way, six drivers) - 25x14x11" - $239 (discontinued by 1971)
 Xa (3-way) - 25x14x11" - $199
 XI (2-way) - 23x12x11" - $80
 XII (3-way) - 25x14x11" - $139

Some of these early 3-way models featured 10" and 12" woofers manufactured by Jensen ("Flex-Air") and CTS (Chicago Telephone Supply), 5" whizzer cone squawkers manufactured by Philips Electronics of the Netherlands, and 2" and 2.5" cone tweeters by Peerless of Denmark. The Rectilinear speakers were typically, but not always, of ported design and finished in walnut with fabric or fretwork grilles. Many models featured one, or sometimes two, rear tone controls.  The company offered some of their models as kits and "semi-kits".

Later models (1971 - approx. 1977) include:

 2
 4
 4.5
 5
 7 (high output fuse version "MTH 4" also available)
 7A
 IIIa
 IIIb
 X
 XIa
 XIb

The company also produced a tilted speaker stand, the "Rectilinear Dispersion Base", intended to be used with the Model 5 speaker.

Although the Rectilinear speakers were distributed through a nationwide network of up to 400 dealers, most of their sales was generated on the East Coast. Distributor in Canada was H Roy Gray Ltd., 14 Laidlaw Blvd., Markham, Ontario. International and military sales were offered by Royal Sound Co., 409 North Main St., Freeport, New York.

References

External links
 Database for Rectilinear literature
 Photo database for Rectilinear loudspeakers
 Known models and data (work in progress)
 Driver Interchangeability

Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
Loudspeaker manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in New York (state)
Electronics companies established in 1966
Technology companies disestablished in 1978
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1978
1966 establishments in New York City
1982 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct companies based in New York (state)
American companies disestablished in 1978


The  450th Bombardment Wing is an inactive United States Air Force (USAF) unit. It was last assigned to the 810th Strategic Aerospace Division of Strategic Air Command at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota. It was inactivated on 25 July 1968.

The wing was constituted as a fighter unit and activated briefly in the 1950s under Tactical Air Command at Foster Air Force Base, Texas, where it replaced a flying training wing.  It was the first USAF combat wing to fly the North American F-100 Super Sabre.

The wing was redesignated as the 450th Bombardment Wing and activated at Minot in 1963, replacing the 4136th Strategic Wing taking over its Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses. It supported SAC combat operations in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. It was inactivated and replaced by the 5th Bombardment Wing, Heavy, in July 1968.

History
 For additional and related history, see 450th Bombardment Group

Tactical Air Command
Under Tactical Air Command, the 450th Fighter-Bomber Wing, was established and activated at Foster Air Force Base, Texas, on 1 July 1954, replacing and absorbing the assets of Air Training Command's 3580th Pilot Training Wing. Four operational squadrons (720th, 721st, 722d and 723d) were assigned to the 450th Fighter-Bomber Group, initially equipped with the North American F-86F Sabre. Its aircraft wore an approximation of the stars and stripes, with seven red and six white stripes on the trailing edge, and three stars in white on the blue forward portion of the fin. They also were designated with a colored, scalloped nose chevron. A second group, the 322d Fighter-Day Group, with three additional F-86 squadrons, was attached to the group, although assigned to Ninth Air Force.

The primary mission of the 450th was to maintain tactical proficiency for combat operations and to prepare for overseas deployments as part of Ninth Air Force. In early 1955, the 450th began receiving new North American F-100C/D Super Sabre aircraft, replacing the obsolescent F-86s. The 450th FBW was the first operational Tactical Air Command wing to be equipped with the F-100. With the change of equipment, the wing was redesignated as the 450th Fighter-Day Wing on 8 March 1955, with all its subordinate groups and squadrons also being redesignated.
At the end of 1957, its subordinate 450th Fighter-Day Group and 450th Maintenance and Supply Group were inactivated and the wing's flying and maintenance squadrons were assigned directly to the wing under the Dual Deputate organization. On 1 July 1958, the 450th was redesignated as the 450th Tactical Fighter Wing as part of a worldwide USAF naming reorganization.

On 28 August 1957, despite the fact that President Dwight D. Eisenhower appropriated funds for new construction at Foster, the base was ordered closed by the spring of 1959, with the resident 450th TFW inactivating. This closure was due to budgetary constraints in the Air Forces. The 450th TFW F-100 aircraft were reassigned to the 4th and 36th Tactical Fighter Wings, and all units assigned to Foster were inactivated by mid-December 1958.

Strategic Air Command

4136th Strategic Wing

The change in the mission of the 450th to strategic bombardment began on 1 September 1958 when Strategic Air Command (SAC) established the 4136th Strategic Wing at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota, an Air Defense Command base, and assigned it to Fifteenth Air Force.  The wing was transferred to the 821st Air Division on 1 January 1959, but it remained a headquarters only until June 1959, when the 906th Air Refueling Squadron, equipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers and a squadron to provide security for SAC assets on the base were activated and assigned to the wing.  A third squadron, the 60th Munitions Maintenance Squadron was added to look after the wing's special weapons. In March 1961, the 525th Bombardment Squadron moved, on paper, from the 379th Bombardment Wing, Homestesd AFB to Minot AFB, North Dakota, where it was assigned to the 4136th Strategic Wing. On 10 Mar 1961, the squadron received the first of 16 B-52H Stratofortress heavy bombers from the factory.
This was part of SAC's plan to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress heavy bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. Starting in 1960, one third of the wing's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled, armed and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.  This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962. The 4136th (and later the 450th) continued to maintain an alert commitment until the wing was inactivated.

On 10 January 1962, a wing B-52H took off from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, landing the next day at Torrejon Air Base, Spain, a distance of 12,532.28 miles.  This set a record for unrefuelled flight in a straight line.  The plane flew at altitudes between 40,000 and 50,000 feet msl. Later that year, on 26 October, the wing accepted the last B-52 manufactured by Boeing, B-52H serial 61-40.

Because the growing SAC mission at Minot was becoming the base's predominant mission, On 1 July 1962, SAC took over the base from ADC and formed the 862d Combat Support Group as the host for all organizations stationed there. At the same time it moved the 810th Air Division (later the 810th Strategic Aerospace Division) from Biggs Air Force Base to Minot and the division became the 4136th's headquarters. Later in 1962, the wing's bombers began to be equipped with the GAM-77 Hound Dog and the GAM-72 Quail air-launched cruise missiles, The 4136th Airborne Missile Maintenance Squadron was activated in November to maintain these missiles

450th Bombardment Wing

However, SAC Strategic Wings could not carry a permanent history or lineage and SAC looked for a way to make its Strategic Wings permanent.  As a result, the 4136th SW was replaced by the 450th Bombardment Wing, Heavy (450th BW), which assumed its mission, personnel, and equipment on 1 February 1963.
In the same way the 720th Bombardment Squadron, one of the unit's World War II historical bomb squadrons, replaced the 525th. The 60th Munitions Maintenance Squadron and the 906th Air Refueling Squadron were reassigned to the 450th.  The 4136th's maintenance squadrons were replaced by ones with the 450th numerical designation of the newly established wing. Each of the new units assumed the personnel, equipment, and mission of its predecessor.

The 450th Bomb Wing was assigned to SAC's 810th Strategic Aerospace Division. The wing trained in global bombardment and air refueling operations. The wing added post attack command and control system (PACCS) airborne launch control system (ALCS) missions in 1967 and began active PACCS/ALCS missions in February 1968. the 450th supported SAC combat operations in Southeast Asia by furnishing KC-135 aircraft and crews between December 1964 and July 1968, and B-52 crews, from June to July 1968.

By 1968, Intercontinental ballistic missiles had been deployed and become operational as part of the United States' strategic triad, and the need for B-52s had been reduced. In addition, funds were also needed to cover the costs of combat operations in Southeast Asia. As part of a reduction of the B-52 force, SAC moved the 5th Bombardment Wing from Travis Air Force Base, California to Minot in July 1968, assuming the 450th Bomb Wing's mission, personnel, and equipment. redesignation to keep the senior organization on active service.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 450th Fighter-Bomber Wing on 23 March 1953
 Activated on 1 July 1954
 Redesignated 450th Fighter-Day Wing on 8 March 1955
 Redesignated 450th Tactical Fighter Wing on 1 July 1958
 Inactivated on 18 December 1958
 Redesignated 450th Bombardment Wing Heavy on 15 November 1962 and activated (not organized)
 Organized on 1 February 1963
 Inactivated on 25 July 1968

Assignments
 Ninth Air Force, 1 July 1954
 Eighteenth Air Force, 1 October 1957
 Twelfth Air Force, 1 January – 18 December 1958
 Strategic Air Command, 15 November 1962 (not organized)
 810th Strategic Aerospace Division, 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968

Stations
 Foster Air Force Base, Texas 1 July 1954 – 18 December 1958
 Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968

Components
Groups
 322d Fighter-Day Group: 1 July 1954 – 18 November 1957 (attached)
 450th Air Base Group: 1 July 1954 – 18 December 1958
 450th Fighter-Bomber Group (later Fighter-Day Group): 1 July 1954 – 11 December 1957
 450th Maintenance & Supply Group: 1 July 1954 – 18 November 1957

Operational Squadrons
 720th Tactical Fighter Squadron (later Bombardment Squadron): 1 July 1958 – 18 December 1958; 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968
 721st Fighter-Day Squadron(later Tactical Fighter Squadron): 11 December 1957 – 18 December 1958
 722d Fighter-Day Squadron(later Tactical Fighter Squadron): 11 December 1957 – 18 December 1958
 723d Fighter-Day Squadron(later Tactical Fighter Squadron): 11 December 1957 – 18 December 1958
 906th Air Refueling Squadron: 1 February 1963 – 24 July 1968

Support Squadrons
 60th Munitions Maintenance Squadron: 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968
 450th Airborne Missile Maintenance Squadron: 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968
 450th Armament & Electronics Maintenance Squadron: 11 December 1957 – 18 December 1958; 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968
 450th Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron (later 450th Field Maintenance Squadron): 11 December 1957 – 18 December 1958; 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968
 450th Organizational Maintenance Squadron: 1 February 1963 – 25 July 1968

Medical Units
 450th Tactical Hospital: 1 July 1954 – 11 December 1957
 4462d USAF Infirmary (later 4462d USAF Hospital): 1 July 1954 – 18 December 1958

Aircraft

 F-86 Sabre, 1954–1955
 F-100 Super Sabre, 1955–1958

 B-52 Stratofortress, 1963–1968
 KC-135 Stratotanker, 1963–1968
 EC-135, 1967–1968

See also
 List of B-52 Units of the United States Air Force

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 Donald, David, (2004). Century Jets: USAF Frontline Fighters of the Cold War. AIRtime. .

Units and formations of Strategic Air Command
450


Daniel Otto Christian Isaachsen (22 August 1806 – 9 December 1891) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.

He was born in 1806 as the son of wealthy businessman Daniel Isaachsen and his second wife Hanne Susanne Nideros. He married a Laura Pedersen. He was the half-brother of Peder and Isaach Isaachsen.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1839, representing the constituency of Christianssand. He worked as a businessman and consul there.

References

1806 births
1891 deaths
Norwegian businesspeople
Members of the Storting
Politicians from Kristiansand


Westmont Community Unit School District 201 is a school district headquartered in Westmont, Illinois, United States that serves students from Westmont, Clarendon Hills, and Downers Grove.

Demographics
In 2007, the Westmont Community Unit School District enrolled 1626 students.  Of those students, 74.7% were white, 7.1% were black, 12.2% were Hispanic, and 5.2% were Asian/Pacific Islander; multi-racial/ethic students comprised 0.9% of the population.  Low-income students comprised 25.3% of the district, and 4.9% of students had limited English proficiency.

To serve these students, the District had 131 teachers. The teaching staff was 95.6% white, 2.6% black, and 1.8% Asian/Pacific Islander; no teachers identified as Hispanic or as Native American.  The female-male split was 70.9%-29.1%.  Those holding a master's degree or above made up 76.4% of the teacher body, and no classes were taught by non-highly qualified teachers.  The teachers had on average 15.2 years of experience and the average teacher salary was $74,532.

The Junior High School serves approximately 45 deaf and hard-of-hearing students in grades 6 through 8, providing interpreting services to the mainstreamed students.  Deaf and hard-of-hearing students attend elementary and high school in other school districts.

Funding
The school district is mainly funded by local property taxes (77.5% of funds for the District, as opposed to 58.8% of funds for schools across Illinois).  In 2005-2006, the District spent $14,285 per pupil; the state average was $9,488.

Academics
The high school graduation rate is 91.6%.  In 2007, 100% of Black and Asian/Pacific Islander students graduated; white students graduated at a rate of 90.4% and Hispanic students at a rate of 90.0%.  Limited English proficiency students had a graduation rate of 50.0%, and students with disabilities had a graduation rate of 62.5%; these rates are both below the state average.  The graduation rate for economically disadvantaged students was above the state average at 80.0%.

The average ACT composite score upon graduation was 20.5, slightly above the state average of 20.3. The District ACT scores were slightly lower than the state public school average in English and Mathematics, and slightly higher in Reading and Science.

Schools

Elementary schools

Junior high schools

High schools

References

External links

School districts in DuPage County, Illinois
Westmont, Illinois
Downers Grove, Illinois
Clarendon Hills, Illinois


Heart 100.7 may refer to:
 Heart North East in Teesside and North Yorkshire
 Heart West Midlands in Birmingham and the West Midlands


Lieutenant General Sir Henry Sheehy Keating KCB (13 November 1775 – 12 September 1847) was born at Bansha, County Tipperary in Ireland and was an officer of the British Army during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars who served in two important operations against French colonies. The most important of his services came during the Mauritius campaign, when he commanded the troops stationed on Rodrigues, a small island used as a base by British forces during the campaign. Keating was instrumental in planning and executing a series of amphibious operations against the French held islands, culminating in the capture of both Île Bonaparte and Île de France in 1810, as part of the Mauritius campaign of 1809–11.

Early service
Keating joined the British Army in 1793, at the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. Purchasing a commission in the 33rd Regiment of Foot, Keating was almost immediately despatched to the West Indies with his regiment. Serving the campaign against French colonies in the region under Sir Charles Grey, Keating was promoted to lieutenant and fought in the invasion of Martinique, during which he was twice grievously wounded and taken prisoner by the French. While recovering from his wounds, which included a broken arm from a musket shot and a skull fracture from a shell splinter, Keating was held in a prison hulk for 18 months, before being sent to a more secure prison facility in La Rochelle.

On his return to Britain in 1796, Keating was promoted to captain. In 1800 he purchased a promotion to major and was transferred to the 56th Regiment of Foot, then stationed in Ireland. Serving as a brigade major, Keating was placed in command of recruitment in County Mayo, a service for which he later received the thanks of both his senior officers and the local government. Serving through the Peace of Amiens, Keating became lieutenant colonel in command of the 56th on 1 August 1804.

Eastern service
In 1807, Keating was sent for service in British India and in 1809 was detailed to command the land forces in a combined operation against the French held islands of Île Bonaparte and Île de France. These colonies formed a base for a powerful squadron of French frigates, which were at the time causing severe damage to British trade in the region, breaking up East Indiamen convoys and seizing ships with cargoes worth over £500,000. Keating, with a detachment of soldiers provided by the Madras government and using ships from the squadron of Commodore Josias Rowley, who was in overall command, seized the small island of Rodrigues. This provided an adequate base for British ships to operate from and for amphibious operations against the other islands to be staged.

Keating's first duty came in September 1809, when he was ordered to storm the port of Saint Paul on Île Bonaparte. This harbour was sheltering a French frigate named Caroline and two captured East Indiamen, but was defended by five powerful gun batteries. Keating and Rowley agreed that a frontal assault would fail, and instead devised a plan in which Keating, with 368 of his own men and 236 sailors and Royal Marines under Royal Navy Captain Nesbit Willoughby would land at Point de Galet,  from Saint Paul. The force would then advance and storm the batteries from the rear. The plan was a total success, Keating's men capturing each battery in turn early in the morning of 21 September and using the cannon within to fire on the shipping in the harbour. A brief attempt at defence by local forces was brushed aside, and Keating and his men re-embarked in the evening, the force remaining offshore until 28 September.

Keating also masterminded the invasion and capture of Île Bonaparte and Île de France, being seriously wounded in the latter when he was stabbed in the thigh during a skirmish. For his service in the campaign, Keating was awarded 400 guineas worth of silver plate and given the governorship of the renamed Île Bonaparte, Ile Bourbon. In 1815, at the end of the war, Keating arranged for the island's return to representatives of the restored French king, Louis XVIII.

Family and later career

Keating married Mary Anne Singer in Dublin. Their eldest son, Henry Singer Keating born in 1804, became a prominent lawyer and MP, serving twice as Solicitor General.

In 1815, Henry Keating was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He had continued to rise in rank, becoming a major general in 1813 and reaching lieutenant general in 1837. The year before he had been knighted, becoming a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. In April 1845, he was made honorary colonel of the 33rd Regiment of Foot.

He died in September 1847 in Cheltenham aged 71. His remains are interred in the town's cemetery and a Memorial to him was erected in Christ Church, Cheltenham.

Portrayal in fiction
Keating is a secondary character in the novel The Mauritius Command by Patrick O'Brian, which portrays the Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811.  He is favourably portrayed as a capable and decisive commander.

References

|-

|-

|-

1770s births
1847 deaths
33rd Regiment of Foot officers
56th Regiment of Foot officers
British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
British Army lieutenant generals
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath


Isaach Isaachsen (25 May 1774 – 15 August 1828) was a Norwegian politician.

He was born in 1774 as the son of wealthy businessman Daniel Isaachsen and his first wife Christiane Hedvig Christensen. He married a Hedevig Elisabeth Hansen. He was the brother of Peder and Daniel Otto Isaachsen.

His son Daniel became a jurist. Through him, Isaach Isaachsen was the grandfather of painter Olaf Isaachsen.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1818, representing the constituency of Lister og Mandals Amt. He worked as a farmer there. He served only one term.

References

1774 births
1828 deaths
Members of the Storting
Vest-Agder politicians


James Napier may refer to:

James Napier (chemist) (1810–1884), Scottish chemist and antiquarian
James Robert Napier (1821–1879), Scottish engineer, inventor of Napier's diagram
James Carroll Napier (1845–1940), American businessman, civil rights leader, and Register of the Treasury
Jim Napier (born 1938), baseball catcher and manager
Jimmy Napes (James Napier), British songwriter, producer and musician
James Napier Robertson (born 1982), New Zealand writer, actor, film director and producer, sometimes credited as James Napier


Flying Colours is the ninth studio album by British-Irish singer Chris de Burgh, released in 1988 by A&M Records.

The biggest single released from the album, "Missing You", peaked at No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart, and No. 1 in Ireland in December 1988. The album went straight to number one in the UK on 15 October 1988 and is the only de Burgh album to reach number one on the UK Albums Chart.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Chris de Burgh.

The track "The Simple Truth (A Child Is Born)" was a bonus track on the CD release, and was not included on the original vinyl or cassette versions of the album.

Personnel

 Chris de Burgh – vocals, guitars
 Phil Palmer – guitars
 Adrian Lee – keyboards
 Andy Richards – keyboards, synthesizers
 Peter Van Hooke – drums, percussion
 Chris White – saxophones

Production
 Produced by Chris de Burgh (tracks 1–6, 8–14) and Paul Hardiman (tracks 1–7, 9–14).
 Engineered and mixed by Paul Hardiman
 Recorded at Powerplay Studios (Zürich, Switzerland).
 Mastered by Arnie Acosta at A&M Mastering Studios (Los Angeles, CA).
 Photography – Paul Cox
 Art direction and design – Michael Ross
 Illustration – Romas Foord
 Management – Dave Margereson and Kenny Thomson for Mismanagement, Inc.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links

1988 albums
Albums produced by Paul Hardiman
A&M Records albums
Chris de Burgh albums


Passionate Friends are a rock band from Scotland, popular during the 1980s, who reformed in 2008.

Career
Passionate Friends, a Glasgow-based five-piece band was formed in 1982 and became one of the most exciting acts of that era, supporting Rod Stewart, The Police, Big Country and Nik Kershaw. Following a long period of inactivity the band reformed in 2008. Its music is a fusion of rock and pop, both foot-tapping and thought-provoking. In 1982, the band performed at venues around Scotland and had an opening slot on the bill at the 2008 Retrofest festival at Strathclyde Park. In 2009, the band provided support to The Blow Monkeys and Hue and Cry. A CD, Stealing Seconds, was released to coincide with the band's re-launch.

In 1982, the line-up consisted of the brothers John McNeill (guitar and vocals), Malky McNeill (keyboard and vocals), Allan McNeill (bass guitar and vocals), and Davey Halley (drums). This was augmented later in the year by lead guitarist Tam Watson, and his cousin Michael Quinn on saxophone.

In November 1982, in Glasgow's Park Lane studios, they recorded three songs, two of which formed their double "A" side first single, "Time Bandits" and "What's the Odds", on their own Tenement Toons label. Following its release, on 11 March 1983, it received overwhelming support from Radio Clyde, having been played on almost every programme, but especially by Richard Park (now with Magic 105.4 in London and the infamous headmaster of BBC's prime time show Fame Academy), Mark Goodier (now morning host on 102.2 Smooth Radio in London) and Billy Sloan. The single was picked up nationally and was played on the Radio One John Peel, David Jensen, Peter Powell and Adrian John shows. The single was reviewed favourably by Elvis Costello on Radio Clyde.

Following the success of "Time Bandits", the band's home base became Night Moves in Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, where they performed a regular Sunday night sell-out show, with the DJ, Richard Park.

In summer 1983, following a series of gigs around the country, the band came to the attention of Harvey Goldsmith, who appeared in his own TV series called Get Your Act Together on the Channel 4. Goldsmith was promoting the Rod Stewart gig at Ibrox Stadium in Glasgow, and invited the band to play support to Rod, Gary Glitter and Jo Boxers. Billy Connolly, also managed by Goldsmith, became a fan and was a regular source of advice and encouragement to the band.

Fueled by the success of this gig, the band signed to MCA Records and MCA Music Publishing as well as Goldsmith. In October 1983, another single, "Passionate Friends", was recorded at Battery Studios in London, produced by Charlie Eyre. The single reached number 28 in the Radio Clyde charts.

Extensive touring to promote the single followed, notably on the Police Synchronicity tour, in Cornwall and the NEC, Birmingham, a Hogmanay extravaganza with Big Country and RunRig at Glasgow Barrowlands, broadcast live across Europe for MTV, and two support gigs with Nik Kershaw at Derby and Edinburgh. They appeared in a schools television programme, Time to Think, and performed live on the BBC's Untied Shoelaces Show, with the Radio Clyde DJ, Tiger Tim. Radio broadcasts included a live concert on Radio Clyde from Glasgow's NiteMoves.

In spring 1984, the band commissioned the New York producer Jimmy Douglass (recently working with Justin Timberlake and Nelly Furtado). The outcome of these Jam studio sessions in London was three songs "White Boys making White Noise", "End in Tears" and "Hostage".

Not long after this the band ended its association with MCA Records and its management. It split up in 1984. After a long spell of inactivity, although the various members continued their own projects, the Friends were back together again for a series of gigs in summer 2008.

In December 2017, drummer Davie Halley died.

Discography

Albums
2008 Stealing Seconds  four track CD Tenement Toons TEN12
2006 Kilt By Death: The Sound Of Old Scotland - various artists
2008 EDGAR - Edinburgh University Rock Society Freshers CD - various artists

Singles
1982 "Time Bandits" Tenement Toons TEN02
1983 "Passionate Friends" MCA Records MCA842

Digital downloads
2008 "Stealing Seconds"
2018 "White Boys / End in Tears"

Collaborations
1984 The London Heritage Original Soundtrack (London Tourist Board Video) - Passionate Friends compositions: Heritage and Skyline.

Television appearances
1983 Untied Shoelaces Show - BBC
1983 Time to Think - schools television

Concert appearances
1983 "Rod Stewart at Ibrox Park, Glasgow"
1983 "The Police Synchronicity Tour, St Austell, NEC Birmingham"
1983 "Big Country Hogmanay show at Barrowlands, Glasgow"
1984 "Nik Kershaw at Derby and Edinburgh Playhouse"
2008 "Retrofest, Strathclyde Park"
2009 "The Blow Monkeys, King Tuts, Glasgow"

Publications
2006 Big Noise: The Sound of Scotland by Martin Kielty

References

External links
 Fanmail Site
 The Zips
 Swing Guitars

Scottish rock music groups
Musical groups from Glasgow
Scottish indie rock groups
British synth-pop groups


Nathaniel Edwin Clyne (born 5 April 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Premier League club Crystal Palace.

Clyne began his career at Crystal Palace, playing regularly in four Championship seasons, before a move to Southampton in 2012, where he spent three seasons in the Premier League and racked up 104 matches and scored five goals in all competitions. He joined Liverpool in July 2015 for a fee of £12.5 million. After having amassed 103 appearances and two goals, he left Liverpool in July 2020 as a free agent. Clyne re-joined former club Crystal Palace in October 2020.

Formerly an international at under-19 and under-21 level, Clyne made his senior international debut for England in November 2014. He was selected for Euro 2016 and made a total of 14 appearances for his country.

Club career

Crystal Palace
Clyne was born in Stockwell, Greater London. He made his first-team debut for Crystal Palace in a 3–0 Championship win against Barnsley at Selhurst Park on 18 October 2008. He signed a three-year professional contract with the club two days later, with manager Neil Warnock stating that Clyne "has a bright future in the game". His first career goal came on 8 December 2009, when he opened the scoring in a 4–2 win at Reading in the seventh minute. In February 2010 he was offered a move to Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers, but rejected it without even entering talks with manager Mick McCarthy.

In the 2010–11 season, Clyne was the youngest player in the Football League to play every single match of that campaign, and won Crystal Palace's Player of the Year award.

Southampton

On 19 July 2012, Clyne signed a four-year deal with newly promoted Premier League club Southampton. He made his debut on 19 August, in a 3–2 defeat against Manchester City at the City of Manchester Stadium. His first match at St Mary's came six days later in a 0–2 defeat by Wigan Athletic. He scored his first goal for the club on 22 September, in a 4–1 win at home against Aston Villa, set up by Gastón Ramírez with England under-21 coach Stuart Pearce in attendance at St Mary's. His second goal for the club came in the FA Cup third round against Burnley on 4 January 2014, opening an eventual 4–3 home victory with a 25-yard strike past Tom Heaton.

Clyne scored in Southampton's first match of the 2014–15 season, a 2–1 defeat against Liverpool at Anfield on 17 August. He scored his second goal of the campaign on 23 September, with a long-range effort which gave Southampton a 2–1 victory at Arsenal in the League Cup third round. On 24 November, he finished Ryan Bertrand's 81st-minute cross to earn a 1–1 draw away to Aston Villa.

Liverpool
On 1 July 2015, Liverpool confirmed the signing of Clyne from Southampton for £12.5 million on a five-year contract, with his former club, Crystal Palace receiving a payment of £2.5M. Clyne made his debut in a Liverpool shirt against the True Thai Premier League All Stars in Bangkok on 14 July as part of the club's pre-season tour. He made his competitive debut on 9 August in a 1–0 away win against Stoke City in the first match of the 2015–16 Premier League season. On 28 October, Clyne scored his first Liverpool goal in a 1–0 League Cup fourth round victory over AFC Bournemouth; the team's first win under Jürgen Klopp. His first league goal came on 14 February 2016, in a 6–0 win away to Aston Villa.

In March 2016, in Liverpool's first European matches against rivals Manchester United, Clyne won a penalty that Daniel Sturridge converted in the first leg, and conceded a penalty scored by Anthony Martial in the second, as Liverpool won 3–1 on aggregate in the last 16 of the UEFA Europa League. On 18 May, he played the full 90 minutes in the final, a 3–1 loss to Sevilla in Basel.

Prior to the 2017–18 season, Clyne suffered a back injury expected to rule him out until February 2018. On 31 March 2018, having missed the entire campaign up to this point, he made his first appearance on the team sheet as an unused substitute in Liverpool's 2–1 league victory away to former club Crystal Palace. A week later on 7 April, he made his return, keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw against Everton in a Merseyside derby.

Clyne joined fellow Premier League club Bournemouth on 4 January 2019 on loan for the remainder of the 2018–19 season. He made his debut the next day in a 3–1 FA Cup third round defeat at home to Brighton & Hove Albion.

On 20 July 2019, Clyne sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury in a pre-season friendly against Borussia Dortmund. On 25 June 2020, after having made no appearances during the 2019–20 season due to continuing injury problems, Liverpool confirmed that his contract would not be renewed and Clyne would leave the club.

Return to Crystal Palace
After leaving Liverpool, Clyne trained with Crystal Palace in an attempt to regain fitness and was registered as a triallist in order to make appearances for the under-23 team. On 14 October 2020, he joined the club on a short-term contract. He made his debut ten days later in a 2–1 win at Fulham. On 25 January 2021, Clyne signed a contract extension to remain at the club until the end of the 2020–21 season.

On 6 August 2021, Clyne signed a new one-year contract with Crystal Palace and in June 2022, he signed a further contract extension keeping him at the club until 2023.

International career
Clyne was born in England and is of Grenadian descent.

On 2 October 2014, Clyne was named in the England squad for the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifiers against San Marino and Estonia later that month. He was an unused substitute in both matches. Clyne said "My aim, now, is to try to make myself first choice for Euro 2016. That's what I'm going to keep pushing for." On 15 November, he made his full international debut in a home qualifier against Slovenia, playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–1 victory. Clyne went on to establish himself as first-choice right-back for England, appearing in five of their last six qualifiers.

Personal life
Clyne has many tattoos, including of London landmarks. These include the Houses of Parliament, the London Eye and Stockwell tube station, the nearest to his childhood home.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Liverpool
Football League Cup runner-up: 2015–16
UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2017–18
UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2015–16

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2011–12 Championship
Crystal Palace Young Player of the Season: 2008–09, 2009–10
Football League Young Player of the Year: 2010
UEFA European Under-19 Championship Technical Selection: 2010
Crystal Palace Player of the Season: 2010–11
Football League Championship Player of the Month: October 2011

References

External links

 Profile at the Crystal Palace F.C. website

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Stockwell
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
English Football League players
Premier League players
England men's youth international footballers
England men's under-21 international footballers
England men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Black British sportsmen
English sportspeople of Grenadian descent


Simone Stelzer (born 1 October 1969) is an Austrian pop singer.

In 1990 she participated in "Ein Lied für Zagreb", the Austrian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest. Her song "Keine Mauern mehr" was initially placed second, however, several days after the final it was discovered that winning song "Das Beste" performed by Duett had participated in a German national final in 1988. Duett were therefore disqualified and Simone was announced as the Austrian Eurovision entrant. "Keine Mauern mehr" was placed tenth in the Eurovision Song Contest in Zagreb. Simone participated in the 1994 Austrian national final, "Ein Lied für Dublin", with the song "Radio", which was placed fourth.

Discography

Studio albums
 [1990] Feuer Im Vulkan
 [1994] Gute Reise (bon voyage)
 [1996] Ich liebe Dich
 [1998] Aus Liebe
 [1999] Träume
 [2001] Solang wir lieben
 [2003] Ganz nah
 [2005] Schwerelos
 [2006] Das Beste und mehr
 [2009] Morgenrot
 [2010] Mondblind
 [2012] Pur
 [2013] Das kleine große Leben (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2015] Alles geht! (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2015] 25 Jahre Simone – Die ultimative Best of

Singles
 [1994] Wahre Liebe
 [1994] Josie
 [1996] Heute Nacht
 [1996] Wahre Liebe wartet
 [1998] Nimm mich einfach in den Arm ...
 [1998] Ich lieb dich oder nicht
 [1998] Denn es war ihr Lachen (Sayonara)
 [2000] Verlier mein Herz nicht, wenn du gehst
 [2000] Ich muss dich wiedersehn
 [2000] Solang wir lieben
 [2007] Alles durch die Liebe (Duet with Bernhard Brink)
 [2008] 1000 mal geträumt
 [2009] Ich hätt ja gesagt
 [2009] Die Nacht als sie fortlief
 [2009] Morgenrot
 [2010] Halt mich ein letztes mal
 [2010] Sehnsucht kommt nicht von ungefähr
 [2011] Ich möcht niemals Deine Tränen sehn
 [2012] Wenn Du gehst
 [2012] Ich denk noch an Dich (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2012] Heisskalter Engel
 [2013] Das kleine große Leben (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2015] Buongiorno Amore (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2015] Arche Noah (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2016] Woher weiß ich das es Liebe ist (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2016] Das kann uns keiner nehmen (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2016] Nur für den Moment (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2017] Wahre Liebe (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2018] Nachtschwärmer (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2018] Die Tage enden nicht am Horizont (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2018] Traumtänzer (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2018] Kompass für mein Herz (Duet with Charly Brunner)
 [2019] Leichtes Spiel

References

 Discography

External links

  (in German)

1969 births
Living people
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Austria
21st-century Austrian women singers
Schlager musicians
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1990
20th-century Austrian women singers


Gustav Knittel (27 November 1914 – 30 June 1976) was a Sturmbannführer (major) in the SS Division Leibstandarte (LSSAH) who was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Sentenced to life imprisonment for ordering the illegal executions of 8 American prisoners of war, he was released in 1953.

World War II

Born in 1914, Gustav Knittel volunteered for the SS on 15 April 1933 and the Nazi Party on 1 May 1933. In August 1934, Knittel joined the Nazi Party's paramilitary force, which later became the Waffen-SS. He attended the SS-Junkerschule Bad Tölz as an SS officer candidate on 1 October 1937 and successfully took his final exams on 28 July 1938. Subsequent Knittel was sent on a platoon leader course at SS training camp Dachau adjacent to the infamous Dachau concentration camp. On 9 November 1938 he was inducted as SS-Untersturmführer. With the SS-Regiment Deutschland, Knittel took part in the occupation of the Sudetenland after the Munich Agreement. He served with various SS units before becoming adjutant of SS Reserve Battalion Ellwangen in August 1939. Serving with the Leibstandarte Division, Knittel took part in the Battle of France. He was then posted as commander of the heavy company in the reconnaissance battalion of the LSSAH.

After taking part in the German attack on Yugoslavia and the Battle for Greece he next participated in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He led his company during the drive of the Leibstandarte on Zhytomyr; he was wounded on 11 July 1941. After recovery, he was posted to the SS Training camp Dachau. He was awarded the Iron Cross 1st class and returned to his company in November.

Kharkov battles
In March 1942 he was appointed as the company commander of the armored halftrack company in the Reconnaissance Battalion LSSAH. Knittel led this company during the Third Battle of Kharkov and distinguished himself between 2 and 4 February 1943. On 2 February 1943 he received orders to lead an ad hoc battlegroup and move behind enemy lines to cover the retreat of the 298 Infantry Division. He made contact with this division in Shevchenkove, was cut off by the advancing Red Army but fought his way back to the German lines with his battlegroup and a group of Wehrmacht soldiers. When the reconnaissance battalion of LSSAH was encircled in Alexejewka, Knittel led one of the counterattacks against the Red Army on 13 February. On 15 February Meyer and Wünsche wanted to reach the German lines held by Fritz Witt. Knittel with his company was sent to Bereka to reconnoitre the planned route. He found Bereka occupied by the Red Army and he was wounded in the following attack. The next day the combined battlegroup of Meyer and Wünsche reached Yefremivka.

Massacre of civilians
Ukrainian sources, including surviving witness Ivan Kiselev, who was 14 at the time of the massacre, described the killings at the villages of Yefremovka and Semyonovka on 17 February 1943. On 12 February the LSSAH occupied the two villages, where retreating Soviet Army forces had wounded two SS troops. In retaliation, five days later LSSAH troops killed 872 men, women and children. Some 240 of these were burned alive in the church of Yefremovka. Knittel could not have participated in the massacre: the casualty reports of the Aufklärungsabteilung 'LSSAH' and his medical records kept by the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) show that due to the bullet wound in his thigh incurred in front of Bereka on 15 February he was hospitalized in Krasnohrad on 16 February 1943 and was transferred to a field hospital in Poltava on 18 February.

Battle of the Bulge

Divisional commander Wilhelm Mohnke ordered Knittel to return to the Leibstandarte. On 13 December 1944 he arrived at the divisional headquarters near Euskirchen where he asked Mohnke to grant Emil Wawrzinek the command of the 1st SS reconnaissance Battalion LSSAH. Wawrzinek had led the battalion since its return from France and had rebuilt it during the past months. But the next day Mohnke insisted that Knittel lead the reinforced battalion that would become Schnelle Gruppe (fast group) Knittel.

That same day, 14 December, Knittel was briefed about the upcoming Operation Wacht am Rhein, the German attempt to break through the American lines and cut the allied forces in two. With the Leibstandarte as spearhead of the 6th Panzer Army of Sepp Dietrich Schnelle Gruppe Knittel was to follow the battlegroups of Joachim Peiper and Max Hansen, then use its speed to capture a bridge across the Meuse River south of Liège enabling the Leibstandarte to move toward Antwerp. On 15 December Knittel was further briefed at the headquarters of Hermann Prieß, the commanding officer of the 1st SS-Panzerkorps. During this briefing Otto Skorzeny was introduced and the details of Operation Greif were revealed. After this meeting Knittel drove to the command post of his battalion in Glaadt to pass the orders and specifics on to his company commanders.

The offensive started the next day, 16 December 1944. Initially Knittel advanced quickly, following in the wake of Peiper and Hansen without enemy contact, through Hallschlag, Manderfeld, Holzheim, Honsfeld, Heppenbach, Amel and Born. On 17 December a scouting party of Schnelle Gruppe Knittel murdered eleven African-American soldiers of the 333rd Artillery Battalion in Wéreth.

On 18 December it became clear that Peiper made the best progress and Mohnke ordered Knittel to follow that battlegroup. After a short meeting with Hansen in Recht, Knittel moved to Stavelot. After leaving instructions for his company commanders he crossed the Amblève River bridge in Stavelot at noon to contact Peiper in La Gleize. Elements of his battlegroup followed during the afternoon and early evening but the American 30th Infantry Division recaptured the northern part of the town, blocking the advance route of the rest of Schnelle Gruppe Knittel and the battlegroup of Rudolf Sandig. The next day, 19 December, Mohnke ordered Knittel and the elements of his fast group that did manage to reach La Gleize back to Stavelot to recapture the town and open the advance route which was also essential in supplying battlegroup Peiper with fuel and ammunition. Knittel set up his command post in the Antoine Farm west of Stavelot. The counterattack he deployed failed and that day members of his battalion murdered civilians in Trois-Ponts, Parfondruy, Renardmont and Stavelot. That evening, the Americans demolished the bridge in Stavelot.

Increased pressure from American forces stalled the advance of the Leibstandarte and continued attempts from Knittel and Sandig to recapture Stavelot failed while Peiper had come to a halt in La Gleize. The elements of Schnelle Gruppe Knittel on the western bank of the Amblève River were trapped between Stavelot, Coo and Trois-Ponts. On 20 December US Taskforce Lovelady from 3rd Armored Division attacked Knittel's positions from the direction of Trois-Ponts but was halted by a King Tiger tank and some anti-tank guns positioned near Petit-Spai. That evening elements from the 82nd Airborne Division moved in on the positions near Petit-Spai and cut off the road to Wanne. On 21 December elements of the 3rd Armored Division pushed Schnelle Gruppe Knittel out of its positions in Ster, but elements of Kampfgruppe Hansen had reached Petit-Spai during the night, and their counterattack pushed the 82nd Airborne Division back to Trois-Ponts. On 22 December a major attack from the 30th Infantry Division threw Knittel's men out of their positions at the western edge of Stavelot.

It had become clear that the Meuse River could not be reached and Peiper decided on 23 December to abandon his vehicles and retreat through the woods to escape capture. He left La Gleize with the remaining men. 36 hours later he reached the German lines at Petit-Spai and then Wanne. In the early morning of 25 December Knittel cleared his positions on the western bank of the Amblève River and withdrew his men to Wanne. There the Leibstandarte regrouped before moving to the Bastogne area. The Ardennes Offensive ended for Knittel when airplanes from the American 9th Tactical Airforce bombed his command post near Vielsalm on 31 December 1944. He was hospitalized in Germany with serious concussion.

Trial and conviction

In May 1945 Knittel returned to his family in Neu-Ulm but soon decided to hide on a farm near Stuttgart. He returned to his hometown later that year but when he met with his wife on 5 January 1946 he was captured by Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) agents Michel Thomas and Theodore Kraus. Knittel was detained by the CIC in Ulm and interrogated by Thomas. Knittel later claimed that he was physically abused by his guards, which Thomas denied.

In March, Knittel was transferred to Schwäbisch Hall, where Peiper and the other suspects of the Malmedy massacre were detained. Knittel and his Schnelle Gruppe had not taken part in the Malmedy Massacre since they had used a more southerly route. However, Knittel was questioned about war crimes in the Stavelot area. Knittel confessed that on 21 December 1944 he had ordered the murder of eight American prisoners of war at the command post of his heavy company near Petit-Spay, east of Trois-Ponts. Following his self-incriminating confession, (and despite "fully expecting and accepting that he would shortly be executed"), he was sentenced to life imprisonment on 16 July 1946 during the Malmedy massacre trial.

Knittel and his lawyers immediately filed a request with the War Crimes Board of Review to have his case reopened. He retracted his confession and, like other defendants, complained that the interrogations included psychological torture. Knittel claimed to have been threatened with being handed over to the Belgians and that his interrogators suggested that signing a confession or not was the choice between fair American justice and Belgian revenge. Knittel complained that his defence lawyers had not been allowed to use the war diaries of the American units which had opposed his Schnelle Gruppe during the Battle of the Bulge to prove that no Americans were murdered at the date and location he gave in his confession. However, the war diary of the 82nd Airborne Division shows that on 21 December 1944, during the battle between elements of Schnelle Gruppe Knittel and the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment between Trois-Ponts and Petit-Spay, an eight-man strong bazooka team was captured by the Germans less than a mile away from the command post described by Knittel in his confession.

Unaware of the contents of the war diary of the 82nd Airborne Division, in March 1948 the reviewing authority reduced his sentence to 15 years imprisonment. In May 1948 the War Crimes Review Board Nr. 4 rejected the claim that irregularities had occurred during the trial against Knittel but following the Simpson Report and the findings of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services his sentence was further reduced to 12 years imprisonment. Knittel was released from Landsberg Prison on 7 December 1953 following a Christmas amnesty.

Knittel later worked as a car salesman for Opel in Ulm until health problems, including several cardiac arrests, forced him to retire in 1970. Knittel died on 30 June 1976 in Ulm hospital.

Summary of SS career
Dates of rank
Adjutant SS-Kradschützen-Reserve Battalion "Ellwangen": 26 August 1939 – May 1940
Platoon Commander 15 Company/LSSAH, 15 May – 19 August 1940
Commander 4th Company, 1st Reconnaissance Battalion LSSAH, 19 August 1940 – March 1942
Commander 3rd Company 1st Reconnaissance Battalion LSSAH, March 1942 – April 1943
Commander 1st SS Panzer Reconnaissance Battalion LSSAH, 22 April 1943 – August 1944
Commander SS Field Reserve Battalion LSSAH, November 1944 – 12 December 1944
Commander 1st SS Panzer Reconnaissance Battalion, 1st SS Panzer Division LSSAH, 14 December 1944 – 31 December 1944 (wounded)

Awards

 German Cross in Gold on 23 January 1944 as SS-Sturmbannführer in the SS-Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 1 "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 4 June 1944 as SS-Sturmbannführer and commander of SS-Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 1 "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler".

References

Citations

Bibliography

1914 births
1976 deaths
German mass murderers
German prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Military personnel from Baden-Württemberg
People convicted in the Malmedy massacre trial
People from Neu-Ulm
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States military
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
SS-Sturmbannführer
Waffen-SS personnel


Amginsky District (; , Amma uluuha) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic and borders with Churapchinsky District in the north, Ust-Maysky District in the east and southeast, Aldansky District in the south and southwest, and with Khangalassky and Megino-Kangalassky Districts in the northwest. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Amga. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,183, with the population of Amga accounting for 38.0% of that number.

Geography
Amginsky is on flat terrain of the Prilenskoye Plateau (Lena Plateau).  The main river in the district is the Amga, which flows from southwest to northwest through the middle of district. The Amga enters the Aldan River about 140 km northeast of Amginsky District, which in turn flows west to the Lena River. The Tatta and the Suola River also flow through the district.   Amginsky District is about 100 km southeast of Yakutsk on the Lena.

Climate
Average January temperature ranges from  and average July temperature ranges from . Average precipitation is about .

History
The district was established on January 9, 1930.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Amginsky District is one of the thirty-four in the republic. The district is divided into fourteen rural okrugs (naslegs) which comprise twenty-one rural localities. As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Amginsky Municipal District. Its fourteen rural okrugs are incorporated into fourteen rural settlements within the municipal district. The selo of Amga serves as the administrative center of both the administrative and municipal district.

Inhabited localities

Economy
Because of the flat terrain and relatively mild summer climate, Amginsky District supports agriculture, primarily livestock, potatoes, fodder crops and timber.  There are also deposits of construction  materials.

Demographics
As of the 2021 Census, the ethnic composition was as follows:
Yakuts: 93.4%
Russians: 3.7%
Evenks: 1.7%
others: 1.2%

References

Notes

Sources
Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Amginsky District.

Districts of the Sakha Republic


The Kriva River () is a 75 km long river in northeastern North Macedonia, and the biggest left tributary of the Pčinja River.

The name Kriva Reka means "Curved River" in Macedonian.

Geography and tributaries

The river rises at the northeastern slopes of Osogovo Mountain below the peak Carev Vrv , at an altitude of . On the mouth close to village Klečevce river flows at an altitude of . From the spring to the first tributary of the Kiselička reka  ( from the source), the river flows northwest, then turns sharply to the southwest.

The major tributaries of the Kriva Reka are: Kiselicka reka, Gaberska reka, Raska reka, Rankovecka reka, Vetunicka reka, Drzava (or Rudjinska drzava), Zivusa, Duracka reka, Kratovska reka, Povisnica and Vrlej. It belongs to the Aegean sea drainage basin. Kriva reka drains an area of around .

Bibliography
 Kvalitet na površinskite vodi vo slivot na Kriva reka, O. Dimitrovska, I.Milevski, Bilten za fizička geografija, Skopje, 2005.

References

Kriva reka, river
Osogovo
Waterfalls of North Macedonia


Bertie Ledger-Advance is an American newspaper based in Windsor, North Carolina covering Bertie County.

Cox Newspapers sold the paper to Cooke Communications North Carolina in 2009. It is published every week on Wednesday. The circulation in 2004 was 4,200. Preceding titles of this paper include The Advance and Bertie County Ledger, which were both published from 1929 to 1930.

History
The Bertie Ledger-Advance was first published as the Windsor Herald and Bertie County Register in 1832. In 1928, the Bertie Ledger-Advance was established through The Aulander Advance and The Windsor Ledger.

References

Weekly newspapers published in North Carolina
Bertie County, North Carolina


The Meadow River is a tributary of the Gauley River, making its headwaters in Greenbrier County and terminating in Nicholas County of West Virginia.  It is named for the grassy meadows wetlands which its upper watershed drains, and from which it springs.

Course
Formed at the confluence of Eagle Branch and Callahan Branch, and flowing generally southeast to northwest, it passes Rupert, Charmco, and Rainelle.  Major tributaries include Methodist Branch, Otter Creek, Little Clear Creek, Big Clear Creek, Mill Creek, Laurel Creek, Meadow Creek, Brackens Creek, Young's Creek, Glade Creek, Hendricks Creek and Dogwood Creek, before reaching its mouth at the Gauley River at Carnifex Ferry, West Virginia.  The river flows a total of , mostly within the Meadow River Wildlife Management Area.  The lower  is within the Gauley River National Recreation Area.  The river drains .

Via the Gauley, New, Kanawha and Ohio Rivers, it becomes a part of the Mississippi River watershed.

History
In 1858 a dam was proposed near the present day site of the town of Rainelle, between Big Sewell and Laurel Mountains. It was never built.

Whitewater paddling below Rainelle
The  stretch between Rainelle, WV and Russelville features class III, IV, and a touch of class V in high water.  After a flatwater stretch the river reaches the town of Nallen.  Immediately below Nallen features mostly class III and IV water for the next  running up to the U.S. 19 bridge.  The final lower section below the U.S. 19 bridge to the confluence of the Gauley River is arguably the most difficult whitewater river in West Virginia.  This class V+ section has an extreme gradient and severely undercut rocks—claiming the lives of three experienced paddlers since records began to be kept.

Rapids include:
 Put In (Class III+)
 Rites of Passage (Class IV+)
 Hells Gates (Class 5.2)
 Brink of Disaster (Class 5.0)
 Coming Home Sweet Jesus (Class 5.3)
 Sieve City (Class 5.0)
 Heavy Water (Class IV)
 Lets Make a Deal (Class IV+)
 First and Second Island (Class V)
 Sliding Board (Class IV+)
 Double Undercut (Class 5.1)

See also
List of rivers of West Virginia

References

External links
 Real Time Flow Data from USGS

Rivers of Greenbrier County, West Virginia
Rivers of West Virginia
Rivers of Fayette County, West Virginia
Rivers of Nicholas County, West Virginia


Walter "Wolfman" Washington (December 20, 1943 – December 22, 2022) was an American singer and guitarist, based in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. While his roots were in blues music, he blended in the essence of funk and R&B to create his own unique sound.

Biography
Washington was born in New Orleans, and whilst still in his teens, he was invited to play in Lee Dorsey's band.

In the mid-1960s, Washington formed the All Fools Band, and played at clubs in New Orleans.

In the 1970s, he joined Johnny Adams' band. He played with Adams for 20 years, both performing live and also appearing on his records. During this time he continued to work as a solo artist, and in the late 1970s formed his own band, the Roadmasters, and toured Europe with them.

Washington released his first solo album Rainin' In My Life in 1981 from a small local label Hep' Me. He landed a contract with Rounder Records in 1985, and he released three albums with that label. After the Rounder days, he also released an album, Sada, on Point Blank Records.

Washington started to play regularly with two New Orleans musicians, the organist Joe Krown  and the drummer Russell Batiste, Jr., working as a trio at the Maple Leaf Bar.

Washington appears in performance footage in the 2005 documentary film Make It Funky!, which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz. In the film, he performs "Barefootin'" with the house band.

In 2008, he released Doin' the Funky Thing, his first album in many years. Live at the Maple Leaf, a live recording by Krown, Washington, Batiste was also released in the same year.

Washington died of cancer in New Orleans, on December 22, 2022, two days after his 79th birthday.

Discography
 1981 Leader Of The Pack (Hep' Me)
 1986 Wolf Tracks (Rounder)
 1987 Rainin' In My Life (Maison de Soul)
 1988 Out of the Dark (Rounder)
 1991 Wolf at the Door (Rounder)
 1991 Sada (Point Blank)
 1998 Funk Is in the House (Bullseye Blues)
 1999 Blue Moon Risin''' (Artelier)
 2000 On the Prowl (Rounder)
 2008 Doin' the Funky Thing (Zoho Roots)
 2014 Howlin' LIVE at DBA New Orleans (Frenchmen Street Records)
 2018 My Future Is My Past'' (ANTI-Records)

References

External links

Walter "Wolfman" Washington official site
Walter "Wolfman" Washington interview NAMM Oral History Library, March 20, 2015.

1943 births
2022 deaths
African-American guitarists
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American funk guitarists
American rhythm and blues guitarists
Rhythm and blues musicians from New Orleans
Soul-blues musicians
Blues musicians from New Orleans
Guitarists from Louisiana
Rounder Records artists
Zoho Music artists
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American people
Anti- (record label) artists
Maison de Soul Records artists


Knight Michiel Reiniersz Pauw (born 29 March 1590 – died 20th, buried 24 March 1640 at Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam was a director of the Dutch West India Company (WIC) between 1621-1636.

He grew up in Warmoesstraat in an influential Calvinist merchant family and studied law in Leiden. In 1615 Michael married Hillegonda Spiegel; in 1631 they lived at Singel 200. His brother Adriaan Pauw (1585 - February 21, 1653 ) was Grand Pensionary of Holland from 1631 to 1636 and from 1651 to 1653, and signatory of the Peace of Münster (1648) for which he was instrumental as ambassador for Holland. They had four brothers: Cornelis, Reynier, Pieter and Jacob. Their father, Reynier Pauw (1564–1636) was a merchant in grain and timber, one of the founders of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company, several times mayor of Amsterdam.

West India Company
The WIC was founded in 1621 to exploit trade in the Western Hemisphere, and by 1625 had established a colony at Fort Amsterdam (Lower Manhattan) and Fort Orange. In the hope of encouraging settlement the company, in 1629, started to offer vast land grants and the feudal title of patroon. under the auspices of the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions. In 1630, Pauw purchased two tracts from the Lenape at Hopoghan Hackingh (Hoboken) and at Ashasimus (Harsimus), covering the entire peninsula between the Hudson River and Hackensack River now known as Hudson County, New Jersey, as well as a third purchase of Staten Eylandt (Staten Island), now part of New York City. The patroonship was given the Latinized form of his surname (which means "peacock"), Pavonia. It is said it was sold to him by the Manhattans after they had retreated there after the sale of their home island to Peter Minuit some years before. Initially, a small hut and ferry landing were built at Arresick, called Powles Hoek (Paulus Hook), but Pauw failed to fulfill the other conditions set forth by the company (which included populating the area with at least fifty adults), and was later required to sell his interests back to it.
In 1634 he collaborated with Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Wouter van Twiller in sending cattle (horses and cows) in the next six years.

The name Pavonia remains as an avenue and library branch in contemporary Jersey City. There is also a Pavonia Court in Bayonne and Pavonia Avenue in Kearny. Erie Railroad's Hudson waterfront terminus was called Pavonia Terminal located nearby PATH rapid transit system's station once called Pavonia. Saint Peter's College, located on land that was part of the patroonship, has as its mascot a peacock.

Pavonia was not the only American territory that would bear his name.
First described by Amerigo Vespucci, who traveled with a Portuguese expedition of Gonçalo Coelho to Brazil in the year 1503, the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago was invaded by the English, and from 1556 until 1612, was held by the French. In 1628, it was occupied by the Dutch, who were displaced two years later by a Spanish-Portuguese military expedition led by Rui Calaza Borges. The Dutch occupied the island once again in 1635, making it a hospital for their troops who occupied Northeastern Brazil (the Brazilian coast between Rio São Francisco and Maranhão). The island became known as Pavonia, in honor of Pauw. It would remain under Dutch control for nearly twenty years, when it was reconquered by Portugal.

In 1623 Pauw was knighted by the Republic of Venice in Order of Saint Mark supporting the city against the Philip III of Spain. He was lord of Achttienhoven, South Holland through his wife, and father of three children. In 1638 he commissioned Philips Vingboons, one of the most popular architects of the period, to build a canal house at Herengracht in a Palladian style. Clad in grey sandstone imported from Bentheim, Germany, it was the first in the city to have a neck gable.

References

1590 births
1640 deaths
Administrators of the Dutch West India Company
Dutch West India Company people from Amsterdam
People from New Netherland
17th-century Dutch politicians
History of Jersey City, New Jersey


Michael Chris (born October 8, 1957 in Santa Monica, California) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who attended the West Los Angeles Junior College.

 Chris appeared in games in three Major League seasons, starting approximately half of the games.  The Detroit Tigers drafted him with the 10th overall pick of the 1977 Major League Baseball Draft and promoted him to the majors in 1979 to pitch in 13 games, starting eight.  Chris finished with a record of three wins against three losses, with a 6.92 ERA.  The Tigers traded him to the San Francisco Giants in 1981 with Dan Schatzeder for Larry Herndon.  He pitched in part of two seasons for the Giants, but they placed him on waivers in 1983.  The Chicago Cubs claimed him, but he never pitched for the Cubs, and they released him in the offseason.

References

External links

Baseball Almanac
Retrosheet
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League

1957 births
Living people
Baseball players from Santa Monica, California
Birmingham Barons players
Detroit Tigers players
Evansville Triplets players
LAPC Brahma Bulls baseball players
Lakeland Tigers players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball pitchers
Montgomery Rebels players
Phoenix Giants players
San Francisco Giants players
Tacoma Tigers players
West Los Angeles College alumni
West Los Angeles Wildcats baseball players
Venice High School (Los Angeles) alumni


Coffee in Brazil may refer to:

 Coffee production in Brazil
 Coffee consumption in Brazil
 "The Coffee Song" (or "They've Got an Awful Lot of Coffee in Brazil"), a novelty song written by Bob Hilliard and Dick Miles, first recorded by Frank Sinatra in 1946


Peter Godfrey-Smith (born 1965) is an Australian philosopher of science and writer, who is currently Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Sydney. He works primarily in philosophy of biology and philosophy of mind, and also has interests in general philosophy of science, pragmatism (especially the work of John Dewey), and some parts of metaphysics and epistemology. Godfrey-Smith was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2022.

Education and career

Born in Australia in 1965, Godfrey-Smith received a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of California, San Diego in 1991 under the supervision of Philip Kitcher. He previously taught at Harvard University, Stanford University, Australian National University, and the CUNY Graduate Center. Godfrey-Smith was the recipient of the Lakatos Award for his 2009 book, Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection which discusses the philosophical foundations of the theory of evolution.

He has criticized the arguments of intelligent design proponents.

Other Minds

In 2016, Godfrey-Smith published the book Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness. It explores the origin of sentience, consciousness and intelligence in the animal kingdom, specifically how it evolved in cephalopods compared to mammals and birds.

Selected publications

Books

References

Further reading

External links

1965 births
Critics of creationism
Harvard University faculty
Harvard University Department of Philosophy faculty
Living people
Animal cognition writers
Philosophers of biology
Philosophers of science
Stanford University Department of Philosophy faculty
University of California, San Diego alumni
Lakatos Award winners
Academic staff of the Australian National University
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
CUNY Graduate Center faculty
University of Sydney alumni
Philosophers of mind
Australian philosophers
Members of the American Philosophical Society


The Venice Marathon () (stylized as Venicemarathon) is a marathon road race that has been held each year in Venice since 1986, usually in October.  The course starts in Stra and passes through Mestre, , and Ponte della Libertà before ending at  in Venice.  The marathon is categorized as a Bronze Label Road Race by World Athletics.

History
The marathon was first held on , with 713 athletes.  The course began in Stra and ended at Campo Santi Apostoli in Cannaregio.

The race had previously been sponsored by Casino di Venezia (Venice Casino), and was known as the Casino di Venezia Venice Marathon at the time.

In 2010, the competition celebrated its 25th anniversary.  That year it hosted the men's Italian marathon championships, which was won by Migidio Bourifa.

In 2011, the course included a section in Piazza San Marco for the first time.

In 2012, the organizers decided to reroute the course to bypass Piazza San Marco due to the high tide in Venice.

In 2017, the six leading runners lost about two minutes after mistakenly following a lead motorcycle for several hundred meters off the course about  into the race.  Race co-founder Enrico Jacomini explained that the lead vehicles had split off from the course as planned before it entered Venice, as it always does, since "Venice is not a city for cars or motorcycles".  Local runner Eyob Ghebrehiwet Faniel ended up winning the race by roughly two minutes, becoming the first Italian to win the marathon in 22 years.

In 2018, the high tide resulted in runners having to run through ankle-deep water, and forced organizers to drop Piazza San Marco from the course.  Strong winds and heavy rain only exacerbated the conditions.

In 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic, organizers restricted the number of participants to three: a female ultramarathon champion, a male runner on the Venicemarathon Running Team, and a Paralympic champion.  All other registrants were automatically transferred to a virtual edition of the race, and given the option of transferring their entry to 2021 or 2022.

Course

The marathon runs on a point-to-point course that begins at Villa Pisani in Stra along the Riviera del Brenta and ends on the  in Venice.

The first part of the course roughly follows the river eastward through Fiesso d'Artico, Dolo, , , and , before splitting off to the northeast to arrive at Marghera for the halfway point.

The marathon next heads into Mestre, where it turns southeast to , wandering inside the park for about  before crossing Ponte della Libertà, a bridge nearly  long that connects the Venetian islands to the mainland.

After leaving the bridge, the course heads toward the southern edge of the main island before running east along the Giudecca Canal and then crossing the Grand Canal at Punta della Dogana on a temporary pontoon bridge built specifically for the marathon.  Runners then make a small loop in Piazza San Marco, as long as the high tide permits, before continuing east along San Marco basin to finish at Riva dei Sette Martiri.

As the course runs over many small canals during the last few kilometers in Venice, wooden ramps are constructed over the small bridges to prevent runners from running on the bridge steps.

Other races

A 10K covering the last segment of the marathon, from when the course leaves Parco San Giuliano (shortly before crossing Ponte della Libertà) to when the course finishes at Riva dei Sette Martiri, is held on the same day as the marathon.  There are also a series of family runs, all roughly  in length, that take place during the weeks before the marathon.

Winners

Since 2000, East African runners have dominated the elite races. Solomon Mutai of Uganda holds the men's record of 2:08:10 while Helena Kirop of Kenya is the women's holder with 2:23:37.

Key:
 Course record

Notes

References

External links
Official website

Sport in Venice
Marathons in Italy
Recurring sporting events established in 1986
1986 establishments in Italy
Autumn events in Italy


John William Elliott (born 12 February 1942) was an English cricketer who played ten first-class matches for Worcestershire between 1959 and 1965, although he played for the county's Second XI as late as 1971. He later went on to serve as president for the same club for 2 years and chairman for 8 years. During this time, he oversaw the signing of  Glenn McGrath, Andy Bichel, Moeen Ali, Zaheer Khan and Gareth Batty.
He made his first-class debut against Somerset aged just 17, though then did not play at that level again for two years.

Elliott claimed six of his 26 first-class dismissals in a single match, and five in a single innings. This feat came against the Pakistan Eaglets in 1963.

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Cricketers from Worcester, England


Women of Valor is a 1986 American made-for-television war drama film about World War II directed by Buzz Kulik and starring Susan Sarandon and Kristy McNichol. It premiered on CBS on November 23, 1986 and was released on DVD on March 10, 1998.

Plot
A group of American Army nurses are captured by the Japanese in April 1942. They are marched along with American soldiers as part of the Bataan Death March. They are put in a prisoner-of-war camp in Bataan, where they spend nearly three years.

The story focuses on Lt. Margaret Ann "Maggie" Jessup, the head army nurse who survived the camp and testified against the Japanese. She lobbied for awards of valor to be given to the women prisoners, in front of the United States Congressional subcommittee years later as a colonel.

Cast
 Susan Sarandon as 1LT/C Margaret Ann Jessup
 Kristy McNichol as T.J. Nolan
 Alberta Watson as 2LT Helen Prescott
 Valerie Mahaffey as 2LT Katherine R. Grace
Suzanne Lederer as 2LT Gail Polson
Patrick Bishop as Captain Matome Nakayama
 Terry O'Quinn as MAJ Tom Patterson
 Neva Patterson as Lady Judith Eason
 Jay Acovone as CPT Rader

Criticism
The film was generally negatively received. One of the main criticisms was that it was not realistic. The cast was also criticized for retaining their looks while trying to survive in poor conditions. The New York Times stated the story should have given more attention to the people rather than the situations.

References

External links

1986 television films
1986 films
Pacific War films
World War II prisoner of war films
1980s war drama films
Films directed by Buzz Kulik
Films scored by Georges Delerue
Films set in the Philippines
CBS network films
Bataan Death March
Films shot in the Philippines
Films set in 1942
Films set in 1943
Films set in 1944
Films set in 1945
1980s English-language films
American drama television films


Together Again/My Heart Skips a Beat, or simply Together Again, is an album by Buck Owens and his Buckaroos, released in 1964. The double-sided single "Together Again"/"My Heart Skips a Beat" reached number one on the Billboard country chart.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine called the album "one of Buck Owens' strongest albums of the '60s, as well as one of his few records to stick firmly in the honky tonk camp."

Track listing

Side one
 "My Heart Skips a Beat" (Buck Owens)
 "Close Up the Honky Tonks" (Red Simpson)
 "I Don't Hear You" (Owens)
 "Save the Last Dance for Me" (Doc Pomus, Mort Shuman)
 "Over and Over Again" (Owens)
 "Truck Drivin' Man" (Terry Fell)

Side two
 "Together Again" (Owens)
 "A-11" (Hank Cochran)
 "Ain't it Amazing Gracie" (Owens, Glen Garrison)
 "Getting Used to Losing You" (Owens, Don Rich)
 "Storm of Love" (Harlan Howard, Owens)
 "Hello Trouble (Come on In)" (Orville Couch, Eddie McDuff)

Personnel
Buck Owens – guitar, vocals
Don Rich – guitar, fiddle, vocals
Willie Cantu – drums
Bob Morris – bass
Jay McDonald – pedal steel guitar
Doyle Holly – bass
Ken Presley – drums
Tom Brumley – pedal steel guitar

References

1964 albums
Buck Owens albums
Capitol Records albums
Decca Records albums

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


European route E74 is a series of roads in France and Italy, part of the United Nations International E-road network. The route runs from Nice in France to Alessandria in Italy.

At its starting point in Nice the E74 connects to European route E80, from where it heads southeast, crossing the Italian border into Piedmont, then passing through Cuneo and Asti before finally reaching Alessandria. At this point it links to European route E25 and European route E70. The total length of the E74 is .

References

External links
 UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)

74
E074
E074


Abel Collin (1653–1705) was a benefactor in Nottingham. He established Abel Collin's Charity.

Family
He was the son of Laurence Collin.

His sister, Fortune Collin, married Thomas Smith, founder of Smith's Bank in Nottingham.

History of the Charity
By his Will, published in 1704, twenty four alms houses were built in Nottingham. The initial purchase of land was made by Thomas Smith in 1708 for the purpose of building some little houses and endowing same for some poor men or women to dwell in.

As time went on, further land and property was purchased. In 1709 a new building was erected on Friar Lane. In 1831 the Almshouses on Carrington Street were largely rebuilt. Early in 1909 the 80 years leases of the Nottingham property fell in, the income from that source increasing sevenfold. £17,000 (equivalent to £ in ), was also received from the Nottingham Corporation for land acquired for street widening and taken largely out of the ground of the almshouses.

The site occupied by twenty almshouses in Carrington Street was sold and new houses were erected on Derby Road, Beeston.

In 1954, the remainder of the Almshouses on Carrington Street were demolished. In 1956, the Almshouses on Friar Lane were demolished to create room for Maid Marian Way. Pevsner thought that this was one of the best almshouses of its date in England.

Current status
The Charity The United Charities of Abel Collin still exists over 300 years from its founding. It is the oldest charity in Nottingham.

It now has 63 houses and bungalows in Beeston, Nottingham. Four bungalows were completed in 2010 - designed by the Nottingham firm Marsh Grochowski for the tercentenary year.

The charity is run by a board of Trustees.

The charity became a Charitable Incorporated Organisation on 1 January 2021.

References

External links
Almshouses website

English philanthropists
1653 births
1705 deaths
People from Nottingham
Almshouses in Nottingham
17th-century philanthropists
Almshouses in Nottinghamshire


Booth University College (Booth UC or BUC), incorporated as the Salvation Army William and Catherine Booth University College, is a private, Christian liberal arts university college located in downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is affiliated with the Salvation Army, a Christian organization presently operating in more than 130 countries.

History
Booth University College was established in 1982 as Catherine Booth Bible College. It was renamed William and Catherine Booth College in 1997 in honour of The Salvation Army's co-founders, William Booth and Catherine Booth. On 17 June 2010, the college officially became Booth University College. Close to 300 students are enrolled at the Winnipeg Campus (September to April). Additional students are enrolled through Booth UC's School for Continuing Studies (which offers spring, summer, and online courses).

Facilities
Booth University College is located in downtown Winnipeg at 447 Webb Place and 290 Vaughan Street. In addition to classrooms, office space and a chapel, the main building on Webb Place contains a gymnasium, cafeteria and residential accommodation for more than 200 students.

The University College's John Fairbank Memorial Library is located at 290 Vaughan Street, which is a three-minute walk from the main campus at Webb Place. The library has over 55,000 books as well as a subscription to 115,000 ebooks. The library's holdings are augmented by those of the Centre for Salvation Army Studies, which is located at 447 Webb Place. The centre houses a rare and growing collection of Salvation Army books, pamphlets, reports and periodicals.

Petersen Hall, located at the Vaughan Street portion of the campus, is home to Booth's School for Continuing Studies and a growing business degree program. Opened in January 2015, Petersen Hall provides three classrooms meant to extend the reach of Booth University College far beyond its campus in Winnipeg.

Academic programs
Social Sciences
Psychology
Behavioural Sciences
Humanities
 General Studies
 English and Film
 Religion
Professional Studies
Social Work
 Business Administration
Majors in Accounting, Financial Crime, Management and Innovation, and Marketing and Communication available.
School for Continuing Studies
 Certificate in Applied Leadership
 Certificate in Chaplaincy and Spiritual Care
 Certificate in Not-for-Profit Management
 Certificate in Advanced Leadership for Congregations
 Certificate in Kroc Center Leadership

See also
 Higher education in Manitoba
 List of colleges and universities named after people

References

External links

Colleges in Manitoba
Universities and colleges in Winnipeg
Private universities and colleges in Canada
Schools in downtown Winnipeg
Christian schools in Manitoba
1982 establishments in Manitoba
Universities and colleges established in 1982


Richard Wood may refer to:

 Richard Wood (Welsh politician) (died 1682), Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons, 1646–1648
 Richard Wood (Australian politician) (1839–1923), member of the South Australian House of Assembly, 1893–1902
 Richard Wood (bishop) (1920–2008), British Anglican bishop and anti-apartheid campaigner
 Richard Wood, Baron Holderness (1920–2002), British Conservative politician
 Dick Wood (1936–2015), American football quarterback
 Richard J. Wood, Canadian mathematician
 Richard Wood (American football) (born 1953), retired National Football League linebacker
 Richard Wood (molecular biologist) (born 1955), American molecular biologist
 Richard Wood (diplomat) (born 1967), British Ambassador to Norway
 Richard Wood (footballer) (born 1985), English footballer for Rotherham United F.C.

See also
 Richard Woods (disambiguation)


Thomas Robb Coughtrie (25 November 1917 – 27 August 2008) was  a chartered engineer from Motherwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland.

He was credited by The Times as the inventor of the self-grip Mole wrench although this conflicts with other sources which show the invention of the Vise-Grip locking pliers in Nebraska, United States, with an initial patent in 1921 and fuller developments patented in 1924.

Biography
It could be surmised that M. K. Mole and Son produced their own version (the Mole Grip) based on the existing American Vise-Grip. The likeness between the two is clear even from sketch drawings.

He was born in Motherwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland. After his education at Bellshill Academy he qualified as a chartered engineer.

During the Second World War, he was an electrical engineer involved in the maintenance of 1,000 ton 'Whale' floating roadways for Mulberry harbours.

In 1947 he started working for the Birmingham engineering firm of M. K. Mole and Son, founded in 1835. When the second Mole brother died in 1950 he became managing director of the company.

In 1955 he patented the self-grip wrench. In 1960 the Mole company, and Coughtrie, relocated to Newport, Monmouthshire.

Coughtrie received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1968.

He became a director of Cwmbrân New Town, governor of four local technical colleges and, in 1978, Deputy Lieutenant for Gwent.

References

20th-century Scottish inventors
2008 deaths
1917 births
High Sheriffs of Gwent
People from Motherwell
Scottish electrical engineers
Scottish military engineers
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
People educated at Bellshill Academy


The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation.  The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer  (1825–1897).

Equation
The Antoine equation is

where p is the vapor pressure,  is temperature (in °C or in K according to the value of C) and ,  and  are component-specific constants.

The simplified form with  set to zero:

is the August equation, after the German physicist Ernst Ferdinand August (1795–1870). The August equation describes a linear relation between the logarithm of the pressure and the reciprocal temperature. This assumes a temperature-independent heat of vaporization. The Antoine equation allows an improved, but still inexact description of the change of the heat of vaporization with the temperature.

The Antoine equation can also be transformed in a temperature-explicit form with simple algebraic manipulations:

Validity range
Usually, the Antoine equation cannot be used to describe the entire saturated vapour pressure curve from the triple point to the critical point, because it is not flexible enough. Therefore, multiple parameter sets for a single component are commonly used. A low-pressure parameter set is used to describe the vapour pressure curve up to the normal boiling point and the second set of parameters is used for the range from the normal boiling point to the critical point.

Example parameters

Example calculation
The normal boiling point of ethanol is TB = 78.32 °C.

(760mmHg = 101.325kPa = 1.000atm = normal pressure)

This example shows a severe problem caused by using two different sets of coefficients. The described vapor pressure is not continuous—at the normal boiling point the two sets give different results. This causes severe problems for computational techniques which rely on a continuous vapor pressure curve.

Two solutions are possible: The first approach uses a single Antoine parameter set over a larger temperature range and accepts the increased deviation between calculated and real vapor pressures. A variant of this single set approach is using a special parameter set fitted for the examined temperature range. The second solution is switching to another vapor pressure equation with more than three parameters. Commonly used are simple extensions of the Antoine equation (see below) and the equations of DIPPR or Wagner.

Units
The coefficients of Antoine's equation are normally given in mmHg—even today where the SI is recommended and pascals are preferred. The usage of the pre-SI units has only historic reasons and originates directly from Antoine's original publication.

It is however easy to convert the parameters to different pressure and temperature units. For switching from degrees Celsius to kelvin it is sufficient to subtract 273.15 from the C parameter. For switching from millimeters of mercury to pascals it is sufficient to add the common logarithm of the factor between both units to the A parameter:

The parameters for °C and mmHg for ethanol
 A, 8.20417
 B, 1642.89
 C, 230.300

are converted for K and Pa to
 A, 10.32907
 B, 1642.89
 C, −42.85

The first example calculation with TB = 351.47 K becomes

A similarly simple transformation can be used if the common logarithm should be exchanged by the natural logarithm. It is sufficient to multiply the A and B parameters by ln(10) = 2.302585.

The example calculation with the converted parameters (for K and Pa):
 A, 23.7836
 B, 3782.89
 C, −42.85

becomes

(The small differences in the results are only caused by the used limited precision of the coefficients).

Extension of the Antoine equations
To overcome the limits of the Antoine equation some simple extension by additional terms are used:

The additional parameters increase the flexibility of the equation and allow the description of the entire vapor pressure curve. The extended equation forms can be reduced to the original form by setting the additional parameters D, E and F to 0.

A further difference is that the extended equations use the e as base for the exponential function and the natural logarithm. This doesn't affect the equation form.

Sources for Antoine equation parameters
 NIST Chemistry WebBook
 Dortmund Data Bank
 Directory of reference books and data banks containing Antoine constants
 Several reference books and publications, e. g.
 Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Professional
 Wichterle I., Linek J., "Antoine Vapor Pressure Constants of Pure Compounds"
 Yaws C. L., Yang H.-C., "To Estimate Vapor Pressure Easily. Antoine Coefficients Relate Vapor Pressure to Temperature for Almost 700 Major Organic Compounds", Hydrocarbon Processing, 68(10), Pages 65–68, 1989

See also
Vapour pressure of water
Arden Buck equation
Lee–Kesler method
Goff–Gratch equation
Raoult's law
Thermodynamic activity

References

External links
 Gallica, scanned original paper
 NIST Chemistry Web Book
 Calculation of vapor pressures with the Antoine equation

Eponymous equations of physics
Thermodynamic equations


The Music and Ballet School of Baghdad (Arabic, مدرسة بغداد للموسيقى و الباليه) was founded in Baghdad, Iraq in 1967. It was initially opened as part of Saddam Hussein's secularist cultural campaign.

In March 2016, the Associated Press reported that the school was facing financial difficulties owing to the government's budgetary crisis. According to the report, the Ministry of Culture had ordered the school to begin charging tuition.

References

Educational institutions established in 1967
Ballet schools
Music schools in Iraq
Education in Baghdad
1967 establishments in Iraq
Ballet in Iraq


European route E 64 is a series of roads in Italy, part of the United Nations International E-road network.

It runs from Turin to Brescia, both in Italy.

Firstly it leaves Turin (in Piedmont), heading northeast into Lombardy and passing through Milan. It then continues north-east until it reaches its final destination of Brescia.

Connections with other E-roads
 At Turin, it connects to the E 70, the E 612, and the E 717.
 Upon reaching Milan, it makes a connection to both the E 35 and the E 62.
 When it finishes at Brescia, it links with European Route E 70.

External links
 UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)

64
E064


An onavillu is a simple, short, bow-shaped musical instrument. Its name may come from Onam, a festival in Kerala where the instrument is used in dances, and villu, which means 'bow' in Malayalam (and several other South Indian languages). Although still regularly used in rural art forms, use of the onavillu is on the decline.

Onavillu also refers to flat, tapered wooden artifacts decorated with tassels and used in ceremonies of devotion to Lord Vishnu.

Instrument

The onavillu that accompanies the Kummattikali and other folk dances is a Keralite string instrument made from the pith of the palmyra stem, or from bamboo, shaped as a bow.  Bamboo slivers are used for bowstrings. The bow strings sound when struck with a thin stick, the size of a pencil. The sound can be varied through finger pressure on the string.

Ceremonial bow
The ceremonial onavillu, which is not a musical instrument, is made from a flat piece of wood 1/2 inch thick, tapering on both sides. Sizes range from 3.5 feet by 4 inches to 4.5 feet by 6 inches. The wood of kadambu, maruthu, jack fruit, and aanjili trees are preferred (See List of Indian timber trees). The wood is cut to the required dimension before being decorated with miniature paintings of Anantha Sayanam (reclining pose of Lord Vishnu) and avatars Dasavatharam, Shri Rama Pattabhishekam and Shri Krishna Leela. Ashari family residing near Pujapura Trivandrum are the right to make the red tassels used to adorn the bows.

The making of the ceremonial bows is the preserve of a local family.

Legend
According to legend, when King Mahabali was being pushed into the earth by Vamana, Lord Vishnu appeared before him. King Mahabali asked that each year he could be allowed to visit his native land and to see the Lord Vishnu. Lord Vishnu granted him the boon, but said that the King would be able to see him and his avatars only as painted images. Lord Vishvakarman was ordered to paint images of Dasavatharam on pieces of kadambu wood. This was the origin of the onavillu, which is put on display every year for King Mahabali to see.

Ceremonial use
On Thiruvonam day, the birthday of Lord Maha Vishnu, large number of devotees visit the Sri Padmanabha Swamy temple in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India to take part in the onavillu charthal, the dedication ceremony of the colourful bows. The temple is one of the 108 sacred temples dedicated to Lord Mahavishnu. They are then taken to Sri Padmanabha Swamy temple on Thiru Onam day and displayed at the Natakasala before being offered to the deity.

The Anantha Sayanam version of the villu is consecrated to Lord Padmanabha (Vishnu); the one with the Dasavathram painting is offered to Lord Narasimha; the one showing the Krishna-leela is dedicated to Lord Krishna; the one with the painting of Shri Rama Pattabhishekam is consecrated to the idol of Shri Rama.

The onavillu are removed on the third day. The Temple Trust distributes and sells the onavillu to devotees, who consider them a symbol of prosperity.

References

Indian musical instruments
Musical bows
Ceremonial weapons


The Turkish population refers to the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world. During the Seljuk (1037–1194) and Ottoman (1299–1923) eras, ethnic Turks were settled across the lands conquered by the two empires. In particular, the Turkification of Anatolia (modern Turkey) was the result of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 and the formation of the Sultanate of Rum. Thereafter, the Ottomans continued Turkish expansion throughout the regions around the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Consequently, today the Turkish people form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus. There are also significant Turkish minorities who still live in the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Middle East and the Levant, and North Africa.

More recently, the Turkish people have emigrated from their traditional areas of settlement for various reasons, forming a large diaspora. From the mid-twentieth century onwards, unskilled workers from Turkey settled mainly in German  and French speaking countries of Western Europe, in contrast, a "brain drain" of skilled workers from Turkey migrated mostly to North America. Moreover, ethnic Turks from other traditional areas of Turkish settlement have emigrated mostly due to political reasons. For example, the Meskhetian Turks were deported to Central Asia from Georgia in 1944; Turkish Cypriots have emigrated mostly as refugees to the English-speaking world during the Cyprus conflict and its immediate aftermath; Cretan Turks have significant populations in the Arab world as a result of being expelled from Greece; etc..

Traditional areas of Turkish settlement

Turkish majorities

Turkish "communities"

Turkish minorities

Turkish minorities in the Balkans

Turkish minorities in the Caucasus

Turkish minorities in the Levant

Turkish minorities in North Africa

Other Arab countries

Turkish diasporas

Central Asia

Europe
In 2010 Boris Kharkovsky from the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies said that there was up to 15 million Turks living in the European Union. According to Dr Araks Pashayan ten million "Euro-Turks" alone were living in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Belgium in 2012. In addition, there are also significant Turkish communities living in Austria, the UK, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein and the Scandinavian countries.

Turks make up the largest ethnic minority group in Austria, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.

North America

Oceania

Other regions

References and notes

Further reading

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Turkish communities outside Turkey


USS W. W. Burns was a schooner acquired by the United States Navy in 1861.

W. W. Burns was a wooden-hulled Chesapeake Bay schooner acquired by the U.S. Navy on 13 August 1861 at Baltimore, Maryland for use as stone-laden blockship during the American Civil War.  The purchase of W. W. Burns was one of 22 made at Baltimore in the summer of 1861, and she and the other 21 ships were slated to be loaded with stone, taken to the North Carolina coast, and sunk as blockships off the entrances to the major inlets leading to Albemarle Sound, Pamlico Sound, and Okracoke Sound. The venture was the first of the "stone fleet" projects undertaken by the U.S. Navy during the Civil War, but, due to delays and other problems, it failed.

Some of the 22 ships seem to have remained at their anchorages in Hampton Roads, Virginia, and deteriorated late that summer and into the autumn of 1861. The ultimate fate of W. W. Burns is unrecorded.

References

Ships of the Stone Fleet