This is a list of genes, proteins or receptors named A1 or Alpha-1 :
 Actin, alpha 1
 Actinin, alpha 1
 Adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1
 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1
 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1
 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1
 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family, member A1
 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1
 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1
 Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1
 Alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor
 Apolipoprotein A1 and ApoA-1 Milano
 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a1
 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1
 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha 1
 BCL2-related protein A1
 Butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1
 Butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A1
 Capping protein (actin filament) muscle Z-line, alpha 1
 Carboxypeptidase A1
 Casein kinase 1, alpha 1
 Casein kinase 2, alpha 1
 Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1
 Centaurin, alpha 1
 Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 1
 Coagulation factor XIII, A1 polypeptide
 collagen, type I, alpha 1
 collagen, type II, alpha 1
 Collagen, type III, alpha 1
 Collagen, type IV, alpha 1
 Collagen, type V, alpha 1
 Collagen, type VI, alpha 1
 Collagen, type VII, alpha 1
 Collagen, type VIII, alpha 1
 Collagen, type IX, alpha 1
 Collagen, type X, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XI, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XII, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XIII, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XIV, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XV, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XVI, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XIX, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XXV, alpha 1
 Collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1
 Crystallin, beta A1
 Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1
 Cyclin A1
 Cytochrome P450, family 1, member A1
 Defensin, alpha 1
 Dystrophin-associated protein A1
 Ephrin A1
 Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1
 Family with sequence similarity 13, member A1
 Family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like), member A1
 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1
 Gap junction protein, alpha 1
 GDNF family receptor alpha 1
 Glutathione S-transferase A1
 Glycine receptor, alpha 1
 Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1
 Hemoglobin, alpha 1
 Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
 Homeobox A1
 Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1
 Importin alpha 1
 Interferon, alpha 1
 Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1
 Karyopherin alpha 1
 Laminin, alpha 1
 Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1
 Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1
 Myosin light chain A1, an actin-binding protein
 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), alpha 1
 Nucleolar protein, member A1
 PCDHA4
 Phospholipase A1
 Phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1
 Plexin A1
 Polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1
 Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha 1
 Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha 1
 Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1
 Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 1
 Protocadherin alpha 1
 Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1
 Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 1
 RNA binding motif protein, Y-linked, family 1, member A1
 Replication protein A1
 S100 calcium binding protein A1
 Sec61 alpha 1
 Serum amyloid A1
 Solute carrier family 35 (CMP-sialic acid transporter), member A1
 Spectrin, alpha 1
 Sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X-linked, family member A1
 Syntrophin, alpha 1
 Transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1
 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1
 Urea Transporter A1
 a gene found in the maize encoding for the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (reducing dihydroflavonols into flavan-4-ols) in the phlobaphene metabolic pathway

 proteins
 α-1-antitrypsin, an acute-phase protein in the Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, a genetic disorder
 Annexin A1, a human protein
 Outer membrane phospholipase A1, a bacterial protein

 receptors
 α-1-Adrenoceptor, an adrenergic receptor with the primary effect of vasoconstriction
 Alpha-1 blocker, a variety of drugs which block α1-adrenergic receptors in arteries and smooth muscles
 Adenosine A1 receptor
 EPH receptor A1
 A1, a subfamily of rhodopsin-like receptors
 SR-A1, a type of scavenger receptors

 domains
 CTA1, a portion of the cholera toxin chain

 alleles
 A1, an allele in the DRD2 TaqI polymorphism that could be involved in alcoholism

Receptor
Molecular-biology-related lists


Vangjeli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Kosta Vangjeli (born 2000), Greek–born Albanian footballer
Kristi Vangjeli (born 1985), Albanian footballer
Vasillaq Vangjeli (1948–2011), Albanian actor and comedian

Albanian-language surnames


The Diapason d'Or (French for "Golden Tuning Fork") is a recommendation of outstanding (mostly) classical music recordings given by reviewers of Diapason magazine in France, broadly equivalent to "Editor's Choice", "Disc of the Month" in the British Gramophone magazine.

The Diapason d'Or de l'Année (; ) is a more prestigious award, decided by a jury comprising critics from Diapason and broadcasters from France Musique, and is comparable to the United Kingdom's Gramophone Awards, associated with the Gramophone magazine.

Diapason d'Or de l'année 2007
 Philippe Jaroussky: Vivaldi Opera Arias. Jean-Christophe Spinosi, Ensemble Matheus. Virgin Classics

Diapason d'Or de l'année 2008
 Marc-André Hamelin: Charles-Valentin Alkan, Concerto for solo piano; Troisième recueil de chants. Hyperion Records
 Jean-Guihen Queyras J. S. Bach, Cello Suites. Harmonia Mundi
 Masaaki Suzuki: J. S. Bach, Mass in B minor, Peter Kooy, Carolyn Sampson, BIS
 Ensemble Pygmalion: J. S. Bach, Missae Breves, BWV 234 & 235. Alpha
 Rafał Blechacz: Chopin, Préludes. DG
 Pierre Hantaï: François Couperin, Pièces de clavecin. Mirare
 Jean-Efflam Bavouzet: Debussy Complete Works for Piano, Vol. 2. Chandos
 Jean-Guihen Queyras and Alexandre Tharaud: Debussy & Poulenc – Cello Sonatas. Harmonia Mundi
 Pierre-André Valade (conductor), Hugues Dufourt Le Cyprès Blanc Luxembourg Philharmonic Orchestra, Gérard Caussé (viola). Timpani
 Bruno Cocset, Luca Pianca, and Les Basses Réunies: Francesco Geminiani, Sonatas for violoncello with basso continuo. Alpha
 Jiří Bělohlávek: Janáček, The Excursions of Mr. Brouček, BBC Symphony Orchestra, DG
 Jerusalem Quartet: Schubert, Der Tod und das Mädchen. Harmonia Mundi
 Leif Segerstam: Sibelius, Kullervo. Soile Isokoski, Tommi Hakala, YL Male Voice Choir. Ondine.
 Mala Punica. Faventina: The liturgical music of Codex Faenza 117. Ambroisie
 Historical Marcelle Meyer: Complete EMI recordings 1925–1957, EMI Classics (France)
 Measha Brueggergosman: Surprise Cabaret Songs, DG
 DVD Patrice Chéreau (director) Janáček, From the House of the Dead cond. Pierre Boulez. DG

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2009
 Concerto Award – Thomas Zehetmair, Bernd Alois Zimmermann Canto Di Speranza WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln ECM 4766885
 Jonas Kaufmann; "Romantic Arias" Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, Marco Armiliato, Decca 4759966
 Magdalena Kožená; Martinů : Julietta, Czech Philharmonic, Charles Mackerras Supraphon SU3994
 Jerusalem Quartet; Haydn: Quartets op. 20 n°5, op. 33 n°3 "L'Oiseau" op. 76 n°5 Harmonia Mundi
 Bernard Haitink; Bruckner: Symphony No.8. Mozart: Symphonie N.38 Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden. Profil PH07057
 Philippe Herreweghe; Lassus: Cantiones sacrae. Collegium Vocale Gent. Harmonia Mundi
 Nikolaus Harnoncourt; Joseph Haydn: The Seasons. DHM
 Alexandre Tharaud, piano; Satie: "Avant Dernières Pensées". Harmonia Mundi
 Viktoria Mullova and Giuliano Carmignola; Vivaldi: Concertos pour deux violons. Archiv Produktion.
 Opera Award – Jean-Christophe Spinosi, Vivaldi: La fida ninfa. soloists, Ensemble Matheus. Naïve OP30410
 Mark Padmore, tenor; Britten: Songs. Roger Vignoles (piano). Harmonia Mundi
 Jordi Savall; "Jerusalem". Hesperion XXI, La Capella Reial de Catalunya. Alia Vox AVSA9865
 Iván Fischer; Mahler: Symphonie n° 4. Miah Persson (soprano), Budapest Festival Orchestra. Channel Classics CCSSA26109
 Rachel Podger; Mozart: Sonates pour violon et clavier, Vol. VII et VIII. Gary Cooper (pianoforte and clavecin). Channel Classics CCSSA28109
 Cecilia Bartoli; "Sacrificium". Il Giardino Armonico, Giovanni Antonini. Decca 47815221
 Project Award – Villa-Lobos; Chôros cycle. John Neschling, BIS

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2010
 Artist of the year Jonas Kaufmann; Schubert, Die schöne Müllerin, Helmut Deutsch, Decca
 Marc Minkowski; Haydn, London Symphonies, Les Musiciens du Louvre-Grenoble, Naïve
 Isabelle Faust; J. S. Bach, Violin sonatas and partitas, Harmonia Mundi
 Simon Trpčeski, Rachmaninov, Piano Concertos No.2 and 3, Vasily Petrenko, Avie
 Nelson Freire, Chopin, Nocturnes, Decca
 Pavel Haas Quartet, Prokofiev, Quartets, Supraphon
 Pražák Quartet, Shostakovich, Quartets, Evgeni Koroliov, Praga
 Philippe Jaroussky, J. C. Bach, Arias La dolce fiamma, Virgin Classics
 Sergio Azzolini, Vivaldi, Concertos for bassoon, L'aura soave, Naïve
 Christophe Rousset, Louis Couperin, Pièces de clavecin, Aparté
 Masaaki Suzuki, J. S. Bach, Motets, Bach Collegium Japan, BIS
 Contemporary – Thierry Pécou, Jaguar symphony, Ensemble Zellig, Harmonia Mundi
 Historical – Olivier Greif, Le rêve du monde, INA mémoire vive
 Debut – Vittorio Grigolo, The Italian Tenor, Sony Classics

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2011

 I Fagiolini, Robert Hollingworth: Striggio, Ecce beatam lucem. Missa Ecco si beato Giorno, Decca (CD).
 Christian Tetzlaff (violin), Wiener Philharmoniker, Pierre Boulez: Szymanowski, Violin Concerto No. 1, Symphony No. 3. Deutsche Grammophon (CD).
 Monteverdi Choir, English Baroque Soloists, John Eliot Gardiner: Bach, Cantates, vol. II et XIII. Soli Deo Gloria (CD).
 Café Zimmermann: Bach, Concerts pour plusieurs instruments, vol. V et VI. Alpha (CD).
 Amandine Beyer (violin): Bach, Sonates et Partitas. Zig Zag Territoires (CD).
 Lahti Symphony Orchestra, Okko Kamu: Sibelius, La Tempête, Le Barde, Tapiola. BIS (CD).
 Vadim Gluzman (violin), Andrew Litton: Bruch, Violin Concerto No. 1, String Quintet. BIS (CD).
 Joyce DiDonato (mezzo-soprano): Diva-Divo. EMI (CD).
 Stephen Hough (piano): Chopin, Valses. Hyperion (CD).
 Quatuor Diotima: Reich, Barber, Crumb, String Quartets. Naïve (CD).
 Ivry Gitlis (violin): Live Performances, Vol. 1. Doremi (CD).
 Young Talent: Julia Lezhneva (soprano): Rossini Airs d'opéras. Naïve.
 Diapason reader's choice and France Musique listeners: Emmanuelle Bertrand (cello): Le violoncelle parle. Harmonia Mundi.
 Jonas Kaufmann (Werther); Michel Plasson/Benoît Jacquot: Massenet, Werther. Decca (DVD).
 Magdalena Kožená (mezzo-soprano); Lucerne Festival Orchestra, Claudio Abbado: Mahler, Symphonie no 4, Rückert-Lieder. EuroArts (DVD).
 Karita Mattila (Katia); Jiri Belohlavek/Robert Carsen: Janáček, Katia Kabanova. Framusica (DVD).

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2014
 Musique symphonique: Schmitt: Le Petit Elfe Ferme-l'œil, Introït, récit et congé, Aline Martin (mezzo-soprano), Henri Demarquette (cello), Orchestre national de Lorraine, Jacques Mercier. Timpani (CD). Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 39, 40 and 41. Orchestra of the Eighteenth Century, Frans Brüggen. Glossa (CD).
 Lied: Eisler: Ernste Gesänge, Lieder with piano, Sonata for piano op. 1, Matthias Goerne (baritone), Thomas Larcher (piano), Ensemble Resonanz. Harmonia Mundi (CD).
 Opéra: R. Strauss: Elektra, Evelyn Herlitzius, Waltraud Meier, Adrianne Pieczonka, Mikhail Petrenko, Tom Randle, Orchestre de Paris, Esa-Pekka Salonen. Bel Air (DVD ou Blu-ray).
 Piano: Busoni: Late Piano Music, Marc-André Hamelin (piano). Hyperion (3 CD).
 Récital lyrique: "Stella di Napoli", Pacini, Bellini, Rossini, Mercadante, Carafa, Donizetti, Valentini, Joyce DiDonato (mezzo-soprano), Opéra National de Lyon Orchestra and Choir, Riccardo Minasi. Erato (CD).
 Opéra: Adams: Nixon in China'', James Maddalena, Janis Kelly, Robert Brubaker, Kathleen Kim, Russell Braun, Richard Paul Fink, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Choir, John Adams. Nonesuch (DVD + Blu-ray).
 Oratorio: Bach: St Matthew Passion, Mark Padmore, Christian Gerhaher, Camilla Tilling, Magdalena Kožená, Topi Lehtipuu, Thomas Quasthoff, Rundfunkchor Berlin, Berliner Philharmoniker, Simon Rattle, Simon Halsey. BPHR (2 DVD ou 1 Blu-ray).
 Soliste instrumental: Ysaye: The Complete Sonatas for Solo Violin, Op 27; Sonata for Two Violins, Tedi Papavrami, Svetlin Roussev (violins). Zig-Zag Territoires (2 CD).
 Opéra: Wagner: Parsifal, Jonas Kaufmann, Peter Mattei, René Pape, Katarina Dalayman, Evgeny Nikitin, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Choir, Daniele Gatti. Sony (2 DVD ou 1 Blu-ray).
 Piano: "Dances", Benjamin Grosvenor (piano). Decca (CD).
 Musique baroque vocale: Rameau: "Le Grand Théâtre de l'amour", Sabine Devieilhe (soprano), Samuel Boden (tenor), Aimery Lefèvre (baritone), Le Jeune Choeur de Paris, Les Ambassadeurs, Alexis Kossenko. Erato (CD).
 Musique contemporaine: Benjamin: Written on Skin, Barbara Hannigan, Christopher Purves, Bejun Mehta, Victoria Simmonds, Allan Clayton, Covent Garden Orchestra, George Benjamin. Opus Arte (DVD ou Blu-ray).
 Musique symphonique : "Universe of Sound" Holst: The Planets, Talbot: Worlds, Stars, Systems, Infinity, Philharmonia Orchestra, Esa-Pekka Salonen. Signum Vision (DVD).
 Musique ancienne: "Les Trésors de Claude le Jeune", Extraits du Livre de mélanges (1585), Huelgas Ensemble, Paul Van Nevel. DHM (CD).
 Musique baroque instrumentale: C.P.E. Bach: Concertos for cello and orchestra Wq 170 et 172. Sinfonia Wq 182. Trio Sonata Wq 161 "Sanguineus & Melancholicus", Ophélie Gaillard (cello), Pulcinella Orchestra. Aparté (CD).
 Projet artistique: "Refuge In Music, Terezin-Theresienstadt", Svenk, I. Weber, Dauber, Taube, Ullmann, Schulhoff, Roman, Haas, Berman and Bach. Documentaire de Dorothee Binding et Benedict Mirow. Anne Sofie von Otter (mezzo-soprano), Daniel Hope (violin), Bepe Risenfors (accordion, contrabass, guitar), Bengt Forsberg (piano). DG (DVD).
 Rééditions: Maria Callas Remastered Edition. Warner (69 CD + 1 CD-rom).

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2015
 Artiste de l'année/Artist of the Year: Paavo Järvi, Schumann: Symphony No. 4 (2nd Version), Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen, Paavo Järvi. RCA (CD). Dutilleux: Métaboles, Sur le même accord, Symphony No. 1, Christian Tetzlaff (violin), Orchestre de Paris, Paavo Järvi. Erato (CD). Beethoven: Overtures, Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen, Paavo Järvi. RCA (CD). Shostakovich: Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad", Russian National Orchestra, Paavo Järvi. Pentatone (SACD).
 Baroque Instrumental: Boccherini: Cello Concerto, Quintet for guitar, Sextet with flute, Quintet with flute, Manuel Granatiero (flute), Marco Ceccato (cello), Francesco Romano (guitar), Accademia Ottoboni. Zig-Zag Territoires (CD). Caldara: Trio Sonatas, Amandine Beyer, Leila Schayegh (violins), Jonathan Pesek (cello), Jörg-Andreas Bötticher (harpsichord and organ), Matthias Spaeter (theorbo). Glossa (CD).
 Baroque Vocal: Delalande: Leçons de ténèbres, Miserere, Sophie Karthäuser, Ensemble Correspondances. HM (CD).
 Musique De Chambre: Brahms: Sonatas for Clarinet and Piano, Trio for clarinet, cello and piano, Raphaël Sévère (clarinet), Victor Julien-Laferrière (cello), Adam Laloum (piano). Mirare (CD). Berg: Lyric Suite, Mendelssohn : String Quartet op. 13. Tetzlaff Quartet. Avi-Music (CD).
 Récital Vocal: Julie Fuchs: "Yes!", Orchestre National de Lille, Samuel Jean. DG (CD).
 Musique Symphonique: Lutoslawski: Piano Concerto, Symphony No. 2, Krystian Zimerman (piano), Berlin Philharmonic, Simon Rattle. DG (CD)
 Opéra: Steffani: Niobe, regina di Tebe, Karina Gauvin, Philippe Jaroussky, Amanda Forsythe, Christian Immler..., Boston Early Music Festival Orchestra, Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs. Erato (3 CD). Verdi: Aida, Anja Harteros, Jonas Kaufmann, Ekaterina Semenchuk, Ludovic Tézier..., Choir and Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Antonio Pappano. Warner (3 CD).
 Musique Chorale: Messiaen: "L'Amour et la Foi", Danish National Vocal Ensemble, Danish National Concert Choir, Danish National Chamber Orchestra, Marcus Creed. OUR Recordings (SACD).
 Musique Contemporaine: Rihm: Et Lux, Huelgas Ensemble, Minguet Quartet, Paul Van Nevel. ECM (CD).
 Réédition: Pierre Monteux: "The Complete RCA Album Collection". Sony (40 CD).
 DVD: "El Sistema at Salzburg Festival", Gershwin, Mahler, Bernstein..., National Children's Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela, Simon Rattle... CMajor (DVD or Blu-ray).
 Jeune Talent/Young talent: Bach: Partita No. 4, Capriccio BWV 992, English Suite No. 1, Toccata BWV 911, Rémi Geniet (piano). Mirare (CD).

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2016
 Baroque Instrumental: Bach: Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord BWV 1014–1019, Leila Schayegh (violin), Jörg Halubek (harpsichord). Glossa (2 CD). Visée: Pieces for Theorbo, Corbetta: Pieces for Guitar, Rolf Lislevand (theorbo and guitar). ECM (CD).
 Baroque Vocal, Zelenka: Missa Divi Xaverii, Litanies, Collegium 1704, Václav Luks. Accent (CD).
 Musique de Chambre: Beethoven: Sonatas Op. 47 "Kreutzer", Op. 23 and Op. 12 No 2, Lorenzo Gatto (violin), Julien Libeer (piano). Alpha (CD). Brahms: String Quartets & Piano Quintet, Belcea Quartet, Till Fellner (piano). Alpha (2 CD).
 Récital Vocal: "Verismo", Airs Et Extraits D'opéras De Cilea, Giordano, Puccini, Leoncavalo, Catalani, Boito, Ponchielli, Anna Netrebko (soprano), Choir and Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Antonio Pappano. Deutsche Grammophon (CD).
 Musique Symphonique: Mahler: Symphony No. 6, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Daniel Harding. BR Klassik (CD). Beethoven: The 9 Symphonies (Audio and Video), Soloists, Berlin Radio Choir, Berlin Philharmonic, Simon Rattle. BPHR (5 CD and 3 Blu-Ray).
 Première au Disque: Honegger/Ibert: L'Aiglon, Anne-Catherine Gillet, Marc Barrard, Etienne Dupuis, Pascal Charbonneau, Hélène Guilmette, Marie-Nicole Lemieux..., Montreal Symphony Orchestra and Choir, Kent Nagano. Decca (2 CD).
 Harpsichord: Scarlatti: Sonatas for Harpsichord, Vol. IV, Pierre Hantaï (harpsichord). Mirare (CD).
 Concerto: Mozart: Concertos for Piano KV 413, 414 and 415, Kristian Bezuidenhout (piano), Freiburger Barockorchester, Gottfried von der Goltz. Harmonia Mundi (CD).
 Piano: Chopin: 24 Mazurkas, Pavel Kolesnikov (piano). Hyperion (Cd).
 Musique Contemporaine: Connesson: Flammenschrift, Pour sortir au jour, E chiaro nella valle il fiume appare, Maslenitsa, Mathieu Dufour (flute), Brussels Philharmonic, Stéphane Denève. Deutsche Grammophon (CD). Abrahamsen: Let Me Tell You, Barbara Hannigan (soprano), Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Andris Nelsons. Winter & Winter (CD).
 Réédition: "Le Siècle De Menuhin", Warner Classic (80 CD + 11 DVD).

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2017
 Musique Ancienne: Dowland: Lachrimae, or Seaven Teares, Elizabeth Kenny (lute), Phantasm
 Musique Baroque: Telemann – Music for Recorder, Giovanni Antonini (recorder/director), Il Giardino Armonico
 Violon: JS Bach: Sonatas & Partitas for solo violin, Christian Tetzlaff (violin)
 Piano: Volodos plays Brahms, Arcadi Volodos (piano). Lyapunov: Piano Works, Vol. 2, Florian Noack (piano)
 Musique de Chambre: Wiener Klassik: The Unusual Instrumentation, Die Freitagsakademie. Dvořák : Piano Trios, Op. 65 & 90, Trio Wanderer. Brahms, Franck & Debussy: Cello Sonatas, Victor Julien-Laferrière (cello), Adam Laloum (piano)
 Musique Symphonique: Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Ceri-Lyn Cissone, Alexander Knox & Frankie Wakefield (narrators); London Symphony Orchestra & Monteverdi Choir, Sir John Eliot Gardiner
 Musique Sacrée: Dvořák: Stabat Mater, Eri Nakamura (soprano), Elisabeth Kulman (contralto), Michael Spyres (tenor), Jongmin Park (bass); Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, Prague Philharmonic Choir, Jiří Bělohlávek
 Musique Chorale: MacMillan: Stabat Mater, The Sixteen, Britten Sinfonia, Harry Christophers
 Musique Contemporaine: Rihm, Dusapin and Mantovani: Violin Concertos, Renaud Capuçon (violin), Wiener Symphoniker, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, Orchestre de l'Opéra national de Paris, Philippe Jordan, Myung-Whun Chung
 Opéra: Glinka: Ruslan and Lyudmila, Albina Shagimuratova (Lyudmila), Mikhail Petrenko (Ruslan), Yuri Minenko (Ratmir); Bolshoi Theatre, Vladimir Jurowski, Dmitri Tcherniakov. Philip Glass: Einstein on the Beach, Helga Davis, Kate Moran, Antoine Silverman; The Philip Glass Ensemble, Michael Riesman, Robert Wilson (director), Lucinda Childs (choreographer)
 Archives: Rudolf Serkin: The Complete Columbia Album Collection, Rudolf Serkin (piano)

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2018
Musique ancienne: Parle qui veut, Moralizing songs of the Middle Ages, Sollazzo Ensemble
Musique baroque instrumentale: J S Bach: Concerto for Two Harpsichords, Pierre Hantaï, Aapo Häkkinen (harpsichords), Helsinki Baroque Orchestra
Musique baroque instrumentale: Louis Couperin: Suites for Harpsichord, Christophe Rousset (harpsichord Ioannes Couchet du Musée des Instruments)
Musique baroque vocale: Perpetual Night, 17th-Century Ayres and Songs, Lucile Richardot (contralto), Ensemble Correspondances, Sébastien Daucé
Piano: Beethoven: Piano Sonatas Nos. 14 & 29, Murray Perahia (piano)
Piano: Scriabin: Preludes, Etudes & Sonatas Nos. 4 & 5, Vadym Kholodenko (piano)
Musique de chambre: Es war einmal... (Once Upon a Time...), Fairy Tales by Robert Schumann & Jörg Widmann, Jörg Widmann (clarinet), Tabea Zimmermann (viola) & Dénes Várjon (piano)
Concerto: C.P.E. Bach: Cello Concertos, Jean-Guihen Queyras (cello), Ensemble Resonanz, Riccardo Minasi
Concerto: Bartók: Violin Concerto No. 1 & Enescu: Octet for strings, Vilde Frang (violin), Erik Schumann (violin), Gabriel Le Magadure (violin), Roseanne Philippens (violin), Lawrence Power (viola), Lily Francis (viola), Nicolas Altstaedt (cello), Jan-Erik Gustavsson (cello); Orchestre de Radio France, Mikko Franck
Mélodie: Chimère, Sandrine Piau (soprano), Susan Manoff (piano)
Lied: Schubert: Die schöne Müllerin, Christian Gerhaher (baritone), Gerold Huber (piano)
Symphonique: Elgar: Falstaff, Orchestral Songs; Grania and Diarmid, Roderick Williams (baritone), BBC Philharmonic, Sir Andrew Davis
Opéra: Britten: Billy Budd (DVD), Jacques Imbrailo (Billy Budd), Toby Spence (Vere), Brindley Sherratt (Claggart), Thomas Oliemans (Redburn), David Soar (Flint), Torben Jürgens (Ratcliffe), Clive Bayley (Dansker), Duncan Rock (Donald), Francisco Vas (Squeak); Teatro Real Madrid, Ivor Bolton, Deborah Warner
Opéra: Britten: Billy Budd (Blu-ray)
Choral: J S Bach: Motets, The Norwegian Soloists’ Choir, Ensemble Allegria, Grete Pedersen
Jeune talent: Miroir(s), Elsa Dreisig (soprano), Orchestre national Montpellier Occitanie Pyrénées Méditerranée, Michael Schønwandt
Archives: Debussy: The Complete Works, Artists include Martha Argerich, Pierre-Laurent Aimard, Samson François, Renaud Capuçon, Natalie Dessay, André Cluytens, François-Xavier Roth, Jean Martinon, Michel Plasson, Kent Nagano and Carlo Maria Giulini

Diapason d'Or de l'Année 2019
 Artiste de l'année: Riccardo Chailly, The Fellini Album, Filarmonica della Scala, Riccardo Chailly, Strauss: Also Sprach Zarathustra, Tod und Verklärung, Till Eulenspiegel & Salome's Dance, Lucerne Festival Orchestra, Riccardo Chailly
 Musique ancienne: La Morte della Ragione, Il Giardino Armonico, Giovanni Antonini
 Clavecin: Domenico Scarlatti: Sonatas, Jean Rondeau (harpsichord)
 Baroque instrumental: Johann Sebastian Bach: Concertos for Organ and Strings, Bart Jacobs (organ), Les Muffatti
 Baroque instrumental: Dandrieu/Corelli: Opus 1, Le Consort: Theotime Langois de Swarte, Sophie de Bardonneche, Louise Pierrard, Hanna Salzenstein, Justin Taylor
 Baroque vocal: Cozzolani: Vespro, I Gemelli, Emiliano Gonzalez Toro
 Piano: Destination Rachmaninov – Departure, Daniil Trifonov (piano), Philadelphia Orchestra, Yannick Nézet-Séguin
 Piano: Prokofiev: Piano Sonatas Nos. 2 & 5, Lukas Geniušas (piano)
 Concerto: Saint-Saëns: Piano Concertos 3, 4 & 5 'L'Égyptien', Alexandre Kantorow (piano), Tapiola Sinfonietta, Jean-Jacques Kantorow
 Musique de chambre: Shostakovich: String Quartet Nos. 5, 7 & Piano Quintet, Elisabeth Leonskaja (piano), Artemis Quartet
 Symphonique: Haydn: Die sieben letzten Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuze, Ensemble Rezonanz, Juditha Haberlin
 Récital vocal: Offenbach Colorature, Jodie Devos (soprano), Münchner Rundfunkorchester, Laurent Campellone
 Musique d'aujourd'hui: Contemporary Clarinet Concertos, Magnus Lindberg, Karl Amadeus Hartmann, Johan Farjot, Jean-Luc Votano (clarinet), Quatuor Danel, Orchestre Philharmonique Royal de Liège
 Opéra: Chabrier: L’Étoile (DVD) Stéphanie d'Oustrac (Lazuli), Christophe Mortagne (King Ouf), Hélène Guilmette (Princess Laoula), Jérôme Varnier (Siroco), Julie Boulianne (Aloès), François Piolino (Tapioca), Elliot Madore (Prince Hérisson de Porc-Epic)
 Opéra:Chabrier: L’Étoile (Blu-ray)

References

External links
 Official web site of Diapason magazine (in French)

French music awards
Classical music awards


Dana Protopopescu is a Romanian pianist settled in Belgium.

Protopopescu serves as the Queen Elisabeth Violin Competition's accompanist since 1989 and teaches at the Queen Elisabeth School of Music. She is also active as a chamber musician.

References
  Queen Elisabeth College of Music
  2006 Adolphe Sax International Competition
   Chapel Hill Chamber Music Workshop
  Fundación Carlos de Amberes

External links
 Performance of Gabriel Fauré's 1st violin sonata

Romanian classical pianists
Romanian women pianists
Living people
21st-century classical pianists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century women pianists


Gilberte Mortier (born 12 March 1907 in Paris, date of death 18 January 1991 in Vielle-Saint-Girons) was a French freestyle swimmer. Mortier competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1924, she was a member of the French relay team which finished fifth in the 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay competition. In the 400 metre freestyle event, she was eliminated in the first round.

References

External links

1907 births
Olympic swimmers for France
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
1991 deaths
French female freestyle swimmers
20th-century French women


Oxhide ingots are heavy (20–30 kg) metal slabs, usually of copper but sometimes of tin, produced and widely distributed during the Mediterranean Late Bronze Age (LBA). Their shape resembles the hide of an ox with a protruding handle in each of the ingot’s four corners. Early thought was that each ingot was equivalent to the value of one ox. However, the similarity in shape is simply a coincidence. The ingots' producers probably designed these protrusions to make the ingots easily transportable overland on the backs of pack animals. Complete or partial oxhide ingots have been discovered in Sardinia, Crete, Peloponnese, Cyprus, Cannatello in Sicily, Boğazköy in Turkey (ancient Hattusa, the Hittite capital), Qantir in Egypt (ancient Pi-Ramesses), and Sozopol in Bulgaria. Archaeologists have recovered many oxhide ingots from two shipwrecks off the coast of Turkey (one off Uluburun and one in Cape Gelidonya).

Context
The appearance of oxhide ingots in the archaeological record corresponds with the beginning of the bulk copper trade in the Mediterranean—approximately 1600 BC. The earliest oxhide ingots found come from Crete and date to the Late Minoan IB, approximately 1500 BC to 1450 BC. The latest oxhide ingots date to approximately 1000 BC, and were found on Sardinia. The copper trade was largely maritime: the principal sites where oxhide ingots are found are at sea, on the coast, and on islands.

Purposes
It is uncertain whether the oxhide ingots served as a form of currency. Ingots found in excavations at Mycenae are now part of the exhibits of the Numismatic Museum of Athens. Cemal Pulak argues that the weights of the Uluburun ingots are similar enough to have allowed "a rough but quick reckoning of a given quantity of raw metal prior to weighing". But George Bass proposes, via the Gelidonya ingots, whose weights are approximately the same if somewhat lower than the Uluburun ingot weights, that the weights were not standard and thus the ingots were not a currency. Another theory is that the oxhide shape, as well as the bun shape that some ingots took, was a visual statement that the ingot at hand is part of a legitimate trade. In Sardinia, oxhide ingot fragments have been found in hoards with bun ingots and scrap metal and, in some cases, in a metallurgical workshop. Citing this evidence, Vasiliki Kassianidou argues that the oxhide ingots "were meant to be used rather than to be kept as prestige goods".

Major finds

Uluburun shipwreck

In 1982, a diver discovered a shipwreck off the shore of Uluburun, Turkey. The ship contained 317 copper ingots in the normal oxhide shape, 36 with only two corner protrusions, 121 shaped like buns, and five shaped like pillows. The oxhide ingots (ingots with two or four protrusions) range in weight from  after being cleaned of their corrosion. These ingots were found stacked in four rows following a herringbone pattern. The smooth sides of the ingots faced downwards, and the lowest layer rested on brushwood. There are three whole tin oxhide ingots, and there are many tin ingots cut into quarters or halves, with their corner protrusion(s) still intact. Besides metal ingots, the cargo included ivory, metal jewelry, and Mycenaean, Cypriot, and Canaanite pottery. Tree-ring dating of firewood from the ship gives an approximate date of 1300 BC. More than 160 copper oxhide ingots, 62 bun ingots, and some of the tin oxhide ingots have incised marks typically on their rough sides. Some of these marks—resembling fish, oars, and boats—relate to the sea, and they were probably incised after casting, when the ingot was received or exported.

Recently Yuval Goren proposed that the ten tons of copper ingots, one ton of tin ingots, and the resin stored in the Canaanite jars aboard the ship were one complete package. The recipients of the copper, tin, and resin would have used these materials for bronze casting through the lost-wax technique.

Cape Gelidonya shipwreck
In the early 1950s, divers found the remains of a shipwreck in Cape Gelidonya, off the coast of Turkey. The remains included a substantial amount of copper oxhide ingot material: 34 in full, five in half, 12 corners, and  of random fragments. Twenty-four full copper oxhide ingots have stamps on their centers—usually of a circle containing intersecting lines. These stamps were likely made when the metal was soft. In addition, the ship contained numerous complete and incomplete copper bun-shaped ingots, rectangular tin bars, and Cypriot agricultural tools made of scrap bronze. Radiocarbon dating of brushwood from the ship gives an approximate date of 1200 BC.

Composition and microstructure
Typically the copper oxhide ingots are highly pure (approximately 99 weight percent copper) with trace element content of less than one weight percent. The few tin oxhide ingots that have been available to study are also exceptionally pure. Microscopic analysis of the Uluburun copper oxhide ingots reveals that they are highly porous. This feature results from the effervescence of gases as the molten metal cooled. Slag inclusions are also present. Their existence implies that slag was not fully removed from the smelted metal and thus that the ingots were made from remelted copper.

Macroscopic observation of the Uluburun copper ingots indicates that they were cast through multiple pours; there are distinct layers of metal in each ingot. Furthermore, the relatively high weight and high purity of the ingots would be difficult to achieve even today in only one pour.

The porosity of the copper ingots and the natural brittleness of tin suggest that both metal ingots were easy to break. As Bass et al. proposes, a metalsmith could simply break off a piece of the ingot whenever he liked for a new casting.

Provenance
Controversy has swirled around the provenance of the copper oxhide ingots. Lead isotope analysis (LIA) suggests that the late LBA ingots (that is, after 1250 BC) are composed of Cypriot copper, specifically copper from the Apilki mine and its surrounding area. The Gelidonya ingots' ratios are consistent with Cypriot ores while the Uluburun ingots fall on the periphery of the Cypriot isotopic field. On the other hand, Late Minoan I ingots found on Crete have Paleozoic lead isotope ratios and are more consistent with ore sources in Afghanistan, Iran, or Central Asia. The controversy settles on the validity of LIA. Paul Budd argues that LBA copper is the product of such extensive mixing and recycling that LIA, which works best for metals from a single ore deposit, is unfeasible.

Some scholars worry that the 1250 BC date is too limiting. They note that Cyprus was smelting copper on a large scale in the early LBA and had the potential to export the metal to Crete and other places at this time. Furthermore, copper ore is more plentiful on Cyprus than on Sardinia and far more plentiful than on Crete. Archaeologists have discovered numerous Cypriot exports to Sardinia including metalworking tools and prestige metal objects.

Due to the heavy corrosion of tin oxhide ingots and the limited data for lead isotopic studies of tin, the provenance of the tin ingots has been uncertain. The fact that scholars have been unable to pinpoint Bronze Age tin ore deposits compounds this problem.

Molds
A mold for casting an oxhide ingot was discovered in the LBA north palace at Ras Ibn Hani in Syria. It is made of fine-grained "ramleh", a "shelly" limestone. Archaeologists found burnt copper droplets around the mold. In spite of the questionable durability of limestone, Paul Craddock et al. concluded that limestone can be used for casting “large simple shapes” such as oxhide ingots. Evolution of carbon dioxide from the limestone would damage the metal surface that touched the mold. Thus, metal objects requiring surface detail could not be produced successfully.

This is not to say that oxhide ingots were normally cast in limestone molds. Using an experimental clay mold, Bass et al. argue that the ingot's smooth side was in contact with the mold while its rough side was exposed to the atmosphere. The roughness results from the interaction of the atmosphere and the cooling metal.

Bronze stands with oxhide ingot depictions
In the Late Bronze Age, Cyprus produced numerous bronze stands that depicted a man carrying an oxhide ingot. The stands were designed to hold vases, and they were cast through the lost-wax process. The ingots show the familiar shape of four protruding handles, and the men carry them over their shoulders. These Cypriot stands were exported to Crete and Sardinia, and both islands created similar stands in local bronze workshops.

Egyptian connections
While only one oxhide ingot fragment has been recovered from Egypt (in the context of a LBA smelting workshop), there is a wide array of painted scenes in Egypt that show oxhide ingots. The earliest scene dates to the 15th century BC and the latest scene to the 12th century BC. The ingots display their typical four protrusions, and red paint (which suggests they are copper) is preserved on them. The captions accompanying the scenes explain that the men who bring the ingots come from the north, specifically Retnu (Syria) and Keftiu (unidentified). They are shown being carried on the shoulders of men, sitting with other goods in storage, or as part of scenes in smelting workshops. In a relief from Karnak, the pharaoh Amenhotep II is seen riding a chariot and spearing an oxhide ingot with five arrows. A laudatory caption emphasizing the pharaoh’s strength accompanies the scene.

Several of the “Amarna letters” dating to the mid-14th century BC refer to hundreds of copper talents—in addition to goods such as elephant tusks and glass ingots—sent from the kingdom of Alashiya to Egypt. Some scholars identify Cyprus with Alashiya. In particular, the Uluburun cargo is similar to the goods that, according to the letters, Alashiya sent to Egypt.

References

External links
 Copper ingot in the shape of an oxhide at the British Museum website.
 Oxhide ingot found at Enkomi, Cyprus, now in the British Museum
 Bronze stand showing oxhide ingot-bearer, found at Kourion, Cyprus, now in the British Museum

Bronze Age
Bronze Age Europe
Archaeological artefact types
History of metallurgy


Girolamo Tartarotti (; 1706–1761) was an Italian abbot, Neo-Platonist, and writer, primarily famed for his works on witchcraft.

Life
Tartarotti was born at Rovereto near Trent and studied at the University of Padua. For a time, he formed part of the entourage of Marco Foscarini, who later served as doge of Venice.

Following the execution of the elderly nun Maria Renata Singer on charges of witchcraft, he took part in the academic debate over the witchcraft trials of his time, attempting to strike a middle ground which—against Martin Delrio and Benedetto Bonelli—dismissed most purported claims of witchcraft while, on the grounds of its appearance in scripture, upholding the existence of sorcery against the skepticism of Scipione Maffei and Count Carli. The equivocation such a position entailed was first refuted by Bonelli in 1751.

Works
Abbot Tartarotti's Three Books on the Nocturnal Congress of the Lamia—composed in 1748 but delayed from publication by the Venetian Inquisition until 1750—proposed that witchcraft was an organized religion descended from the Romans' cults of Diana and Erodiade. This was an unpopular and heterodox idea, and he was obliged to restate some points in an apologia two years later. He had the sermons of the Jesuit Georg Gaar, one of the clerics responsible for Sister Maria's execution, translated into Italian so as to publish his own attacks against the man's points. He defended the existence of witchcraft, however, and won the vast majority of Italian academics to his side of the debate.

Ragionamento intorno alla poesia lirica toscana (1728)
Idea della logica degli scolastici e dei moderni (1731)
Delle disfide letterarie, o sia pubbliche difese di conclusioni (1735)
De origine Ecclesiae tridentinae et primis eius episcopis (1743)
Memorie istoriche intorno alla vita e morte de' santi Sisinio, Martirio ed Alessandro (1745)
De versione Rufiniana Historiae ecclesiasticae Eusebii Caesariensis dissertatio, in qua Valesianae interpretationis dignitas et praestantia vindicatur (1748)
 .
De auctoribus ab Andrea Dandulo laudatis in Chronico Veneto (1751)
 .
Lettera di un giornalista d'Italia ad un giornalista oltramontano sopra il libro intitolato: Vindiciae Romani Martyrologii uscito in Verona (1751)
Memorie antiche di Rovereto e dei luoghi circonvicini (1754)
Apologia delle Memorie antiche di Rovereto (1758)
Dell'origine della Chiesa di Aquileia (1759)
Lettera seconda di un giornalista d'Italia ad un giornalista oltramontano sopra il libro intitolato: Notizie istorico-critiche intorno al b.m. Adalpreto Vescovo di Trento (1760)

Published in Raccolta d'opuscoli scientifici e filologici edited by Angelo Calogerà:
Relazione d'un manoscritto dell'Istoria manoscritta di Giovanni Diacono veronese (1738)
Dissertazione intorno all'arte critica (1740)
Lettera intorno all'Eloquenza italiana di mons. Fontanini (1741)
Lettera al sig. N.N. intorno alla sua tragedia intitolata il Costantino (1741)
Lettera intorno a detti o sentenze attribuite ad autori di cui non sono (1741)
Lettera intorno alla differenza delle voci nella lingua italiana (1745)
Lettera intorno ad una particolare significazione degli avverbi fere e quasi nelle lingue italiana e latina (1748)

Published posthumously:
Osservazioni sopra la Sofonisba del Trissino con prefazione del cav. Clementino Vannetti (1784)
Rime scelte dall'abate Girolamo Tartarotti (1785)
La conclusione dei frati francescani riformati (1785)
Dialoghi della lingua latina
Annotazioni al Dialogo delle false esercitazioni delle scuole d'Aonio Paleario (1795)

Legacy
Leo Martello revived the concept of witchcraft (specifically the Italian Stregheria) as a survival of the cult of Diana in the 1970s.

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography
 , translated from the German by J.C. Grayson & David Lederer, 1997.
 .
 .

External links
La ricostruzione della biblioteca di Girolamo Tartarotti

1706 births
1761 deaths
18th-century Italian male writers
Witchcraft in Italy


Park Sung-Bae is a South Korean football player.

He played for several clubs, including Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors, Gwangju Sangmu Bulsajo (army), FC Seoul, Busan I'Park and Suwon Samsung Bluewings. Also, he played for the South Korea national football team in 1999–2001.

Club career statistics

External links

 National Team Player Record
 New Zealand Football Championship Player Record

1975 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
South Korean men's footballers
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
South Korea men's international footballers
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors players
Gimcheon Sangmu FC players
FC Seoul players
Busan IPark players
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
Manawatu United players
K League 1 players
Korea National League players
Expatriate men's association footballers in New Zealand
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand
Sportspeople from North Chungcheong Province


Voklo (; ) is a village in the Municipality of Šenčur in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Name
Voklo was attested in written sources in 1238 as Hv̊lwe (and as apud Hvlwin in 1238, Hulven in 1270, and Hůlben in 1349). The Slovene name is derived from (v) Lókvo (literally, 'to the watering hole'), thus referring to a local geographical feature. Phonologically, it is the result of a dialect development in which l- > w- (lokev > wọ́ku, genitive wọ́kwe) followed by dissimilation of the genitive (wọ́kwe > wọ́kle), creation of the new feminine nominative wọ́kla, and subsequent reanalysis of the accusative wọ́klo as a neuter nominative. In the local dialect, the name of the village is Wọ́ku (genitive Wọ́kləga). In the past the German name was Hülben.

Church

The local church is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew and was built in 1862. In addition to the altar dedicated to Saint Bartholomew, which was created by Štefan Šubic (1820–1884) and his son Valentin (1859–1927), the church also has a painting of the saint by Štefan Šubic's sons Janez (1850–1889) and Jurij (1855–1890).

References

External links

Voklo on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Šenčur


August Zehender (28 April 1903 – 11 February 1945) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. He led the SS Division Maria Theresia during World War II and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

Zehender was posted to the SS-Verfügungstruppe in 1935 (his NSDAP party number was 4263133 and his SS service number 224219). He was given command of a motorcycle battalion in the SS Division Das Reich. At the end of June 1941, Zehender was wounded on the Eastern Front at Losza. After his recovery he was posted to the SS Cavalry Brigade. In the spring of 1944, he was given command of the SS Division Maria Theresia, with which he fought at Budapest.

He was killed in action on 11 February 1945 in Budapest.

Awards

 German Cross in Gold on 16 October 1942 as SS-Sturmbannführer in SS-Kavallerie-Regiment 2
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knight's Cross on 10 March 1943 as SS-Obersturmbannführer and commander of the SS-Kavallerie-Regiment 2.
 722nd Oak Leaves on 1 February 1945 as SS-Brigadeführer and commander of the 22. SS-Freiwilligen-Kavallerie-Division "Maria Theresia"

See also
List SS-Brigadeführer

References

Citations

Bibliography

1903 births
1945 deaths
People from Aalen
SS-Brigadeführer
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
Waffen-SS personnel killed in action
Military personnel from Baden-Württemberg


Raj Chakraborty (born 21 February 1975) is an Indian film director, actor, producer and politician. He is one of the most commercially successful film-makers in Tollywood. Before directing his debut film, he was busy in Bengali TV. Raj Chakraborty was associated with Zee Bangla's popular laughter show Mirakkel, hosted by Mir, and dance competition Dance Bangla Dance, judged by Mithun Chakraborty, during their initial days. He also directed Star Jalsha's laughter programme I Laugh You. He has been a Member of Legislative Assembly of West Bengal from Barrackpore since 2021.

Filmography

As director

As actor

As producer

Accolades

Television
Raj Chakraborty produced the television serial Kanamachi, which was aired on Star Jalsha. For Zee Bangla, Raj Chakraborty Productions made the popular soap opera Raage Anuraage. He returned as director of his very own show I Laugh You, a show he had started in its first season. I Laugh You was a very popular laughter programme in the Indian regional television world, which was aired on Star Jalsha. Raj Chakraborty's association with another very popular Bengali entertainment channel Colors Bangla occurred with him producing the soap opera Kajallata for that channel.

As producer in television

Series
Proloy Asche (Directed for Sananda TV produced by ABP)
Nayika (Directed for Sananda TV produced by ABP)
Josh (On Sananda TV produced by ABP)
Kanamachi (On Star Jalsha)
Raage Anuraage (On Zee Bangla)
Kajallata (On Colors Bangla)
Bedini Moluar Kotha
 Falna (On Star Jalsha)
Sangeet er Mahajuddha (On Colors Bangla) (Also Director)
Godhuli Alap (On Star Jalsha)

Telefilms As Producer
Dev I Love You
Nimki Phulki
Guti Mallar
Dum Dum Digha Digha(Sequel of Guti Mallar)
Guti Mallarer Athithi(Sequel of Guti Mallar and Dum Dum Digha Digha)
Nimki Phulki 2(Sequel of Nimki Phulki)-produced and directed by Abhimanyu Mukherjee

Political career
He has recently joined in Trinamool Congress in the hands of leader Mamata Banerjee. Later on 5 March 2021, Trinamool Congress leaders announced Chakraborty to be contesting this 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly Elections from Barrackpore (Vidhan Sabha constituency). He won on 2 May 2021.

References

External links

Upperstall.com

1975 births
Living people
Film directors from West Bengal
Bengali film directors
People from North 24 Parganas district
21st-century Indian film directors
West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026


Illuminations is the sixth album by American singer Buffy Sainte-Marie, released in 1969 on Vanguard Records. From a foundation of vocals and acoustic guitar, Sainte-Marie and producer Maynard Solomon made pioneering use of the  Buchla 100 synthesizer to create electronically treated vocals. It was the first quadraphonic vocal album released. The album's only single was "Better to Find Out for Yourself".

British experimental music magazine The Wire listed Illuminations amongst its '100 Albums that Set the World on Fire While No-One was Listening'. Pitchfork ranked it the 66th best album of the 1960s.

Production
The album was among the first to make prominent use of the Buchla synthesizer, which was previously featured on Morton Subotnick's 1967 recording Silver Apples of the Moon. On Illuminations, the synthesizer was employed to create treated electronic sound, particularly of Sainte-Marie's voice. The opening track "God is Alive, Magic is Afoot" featured lyrics by Leonard Cohen. Peter Schickele provided arrangements to "Mary", "Adam" and "The Angel", whilst the four tracks "Suffer the Little Children", "With You, Honey", "Guess Who I Saw in Paris" and "He's a Keeper of the Fire" were Saint-Marie's first work not to be produced by Vanguard boss Maynard Solomon. Instead, they had a stripped-down rock sound and were produced by little known folk-jazz songwriter Mark Roth. Bob Bozina played guitar, John Craviotta drums and percussion, and Rick Oxendine played bass.

Reception
Illuminations has acquired a fan base quite distinct from that associated with any of Sainte-Marie's other albums. In addition to its being cited as a favourite album by a number of musicians (notably Steve Hackett), a number of critics have seen its twisted, eerie soundscapes as laying the grounds for the evolution of gothic music as well as having an influence on New Weird America.

In 2000, just before Vanguard re-issued it on CD, Wire magazine listed Illuminations amongst its '100 Albums that Set the World on Fire While No-One was Listening'.

Track listing
All songs composed by Buffy Sainte-Marie except where noted.

 "God Is Alive, Magic Is Afoot" (text by Leonard Cohen from his novel Beautiful Losers / music by Buffy Sainte-Marie) – 4:51
 "Mary" – 1:30
 "Better to Find Out for Yourself" – 2:12
 "The Vampire" – 2:05
 "Adam" (Richie Havens) – 5:05
 "The Dream Tree" – 2:34
 "Suffer the Little Children" – 2:53
 "The Angel" (Ed Freeman) – 3:41
 "With You, Honey" – 1:48
 "Guess Who I Saw in Paris" – 2:25
 "He's a Keeper of the Fire" – 3:21
 "Poppies" – 3:26

Personnel

 Buffy Sainte Marie - Vocals, Guitar
 Electronic Score – Michael Czajkowski
 Bass – Rick Oxendine (tracks: 9, 10, 11)
 Drums – John Craviotto (tracks: 9, 10, 11)
 Lead Guitar – Bob Bozina (tracks: 6, 9, 10, 11)
 Arranged By – Peter Schickele (tracks: 2, 5, 8)
 Engineer – Bob Lurie, Ed Friedner
 Mixed By – Jack Lathrop
 Producer – Maynard Solomon (tracks 1 to 6, 8, 12)
 Producer - Mark Roth (tracks: 7, 9 to 11)

References

Illuminations (Buffy Sainte-Marie album)
Illuminations (Buffy Sainte-Marie album)
Illuminations (Buffy Sainte-Marie album)
Illuminations (Buffy Sainte-Marie album)


Ionian school or Heptanese school may refer to:

In ancient Ionia (Greek Ιωνία)
 Ionian School (philosophy), school of thought

In modern Ionian Islands (Greek Ιόνια νησιά)
 Ionian School (painting) or Heptanese School, art movement from the 17th to 19th centuries
 Ionian School (literature) or Heptanese School, art movement from the 18th and 19th centuries
 Ionian School (music) or Heptanese School, art movement from the 19th and 20th centuries

See also
 Ionian Academy
 Ionian University


COMTEQ Computer and Business College in Olongapo City, Philippines, is a non-stock, non-profit educational institution mainly focusing on IT studies and business-related learning that offers its services chiefly to students from the Olongapo, Zambales and Bataan areas.

History
COMTEQ was originally founded as an institution teaching computer literacy courses to high school students. The school was later incorporated and proceeded to offer two-year computer courses from rented premises at National Highway, Kalaklan, Olongapo City with fewer than 100 students.

The student population grew to about 150+ and the courses offered became more varied, to include four-year bachelor degree courses. Realizing the need for better facilities and more space, COMTEQ moved inside the Subic Bay Freeport.

In late 2010, after the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority decided to use the school lot as space for a new shopping mall, SBMA transferred COMTEQ to Bldg Q-8131 where they share the location with the University of the Philippines Diliman Extension Program in Olongapo. In December 2017, COMTEQ transferred to where they are closer and more accessible by the majority of their more than 500 students. The new COMTEQ Computer and Business College is currently located in 1200 Rizal Avenue, Olongapo City.

Programs offered
College
 Bachelor of Computer Science, BSCS, 4-year
 Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, BSIT, 4-year
 Associate in Computer Technology, ACT, 2-year
 Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Human Resource Management, BSBA-HRM, 4-year
 Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Operations Management, BSBA-OM, 4-year
 Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, BSA, 4-year

Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
 Computer Systems Servicing NC II

Senior High School Programs:
     Academic Track
          * Accounting and Business Management (ABM)
          * Humanities and Social Sciences (Humms)
     Technical Vocational (tech-voc) Livelihood Track
          * Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
               - Computer Systems Servicing, formerly Computer Hardware Servicing
          * Industrial Arts, NC-II
               - Electronic Products Assembly and Servicing, formerly Consumers Electronics Servicing
          * Home Economics
               - Food and Beverage Services, NC-II
               - Front Office Services, NC-II
               - Housekeeping, NC-II
               - Bartending, NC-II

Major Awards
 TESDA I.T. Skills Provincial Competition Over-All Champion (since 2013 to 2019)
 Globe G-nius National Winner
 PRISAA Provincial Basketball Champion (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018)
 1st SBFCC League Champion

References

External links

Universities and colleges in Olongapo
Business schools in the Philippines
Educational institutions established in 1997
1997 establishments in the Philippines


The Bahian guitar in  is a Brazilian solid-body electric mandolin with either 4 or 5 strings, normally tuned GDAE and CGDAE, respectively, and has the scale of a cavaco, 6 String versions (adding on a Low F) also exist.

History
The Bahian guitar evolved from the so-called "electric log", developed in the early 1940s by Adolfo "Dodô" Nascimento and Osmar Álvares Macêdo, in Salvador, Brazil.  It was equipped with four single strings mounted across a lengthy slab of wood and the neck of a cavaco (hence the names). During the 1950s and 60s, it was used exclusively to play instrumental music during carnival celebrations in Bahia. By the mid-1970s, when it became popular among Brazilian rock and pop musicians, it adopted its current name. This instrument apparently evolved in isolation from the efforts of contemporary American developers like Les Paul or Leo Fender, and given that solid-body electric mandolins did not appear in the United States until the 1950s, the Bahian guitar can be regarded almost as the eldest known electric mandolin, or a descend from its own distinct line of prehistoric solid body guitars. To the degree in which the Bahian guitar counts as a mandolin (despite the differences in measure and lack of double strings – just like in the case of the Mandocaster), the "Electric Log" constitutes the eldest known solid-body electric mandolin. Until its invention, North American developers had not applied the principle of solid or almost-solid bodies to mandolins to the same extent as they had to guitars. The Bahian guitar was also the first headless solid-body electric plucked instrument, and nowadays it is usually manufactured to resemble a miniature electric guitar.

Carnival usage
The Bahian guitar is intimately connected to the Brazilian Carnival, where it is used extensively, especially in Salvador. Its creators are also credited with having set important accents in popular Brazilian music, by inventing an 'endemic' Brazilian version of the electric-guitar, and by supplying it with an individual musical language and style, before anything of such could be imported from abroad. In the late 1960s in Brazil during the Tropicalia movement, there was a lot of disapproval from musicians and critics towards the addition of elements from British/American pop and rock into Brazilian music – including the use of electric guitars; however, this pushback was later reneged upon. The Bahian guitar is still considered responsible for revolutionizing the carnival in the 1950s as an essential ingredient of the "Electric trio" tradition (especially on a space-restricted environment), which since then became the single most important trademark of the Bahia/Brazilian street carnival.

References

External links
 Guitarra Baiana at Plate to Plate (archived GeoCities page)
 Guitarra Baiana  Guitarra Baiana.

Mandolin family instruments
Guitar family instruments
Brazilian musical instruments
Amplified instruments
Electric guitars


Erecthée Bibiena Mélanie Marie "Bienna" Pélégry, later Boiteux (24 August 1899 – 18 January 1989), was a French freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics. She was the sister of Salvator Pélégry and the mother of Jean Boiteux. In 1924 she was a member of the French relay team which finished fifth in the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay competition. Four years later she finished again fifth with the French relay team in the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the Amsterdam Games.

References

External links
Bibienne Pélégry's profile at Sports Reference.com

1899 births
1989 deaths
French female freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for France
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Women's World Games medalists
20th-century French women


James William Maddin (September 8, 1874 – September 29, 1961) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cape Breton South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1911 as a Liberal-Conservative member.

He was born in Westville, Nova Scotia, the son of William Maddin and Agnes Goode. Maddin was educated at Pictou Academy and Dalhousie University. In 1897, he married Maude MacDonald. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1911. Maddin served overseas during World War I, reaching the rank of major. After the war, Maddin practiced law in Springhill and Sydney. He died in Sydney at the age of 87.

References

 Marble, AE Nova Scotians at home and abroad: biographical sketches ... (1977) pp. 295–6

1874 births
1961 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
Canadian Army officers
Dalhousie University alumni
Lawyers in Nova Scotia


Wentworth railway station was a railway station on the Sheffield to Barnsley route of the Midland Railway. The station has been known as Wentworth and Tankersley and  Wentworth and Hoyland Common during its life.

History
The station was situated at the north end of the Tankersley Tunnel, adjacent to the road bridge. Built on an embankment, the platforms and the station building were high above the road with the station master's house, which still stands at road level.

The station was some considerable distance from Wentworth, Hoyland Common and Tankersley, and far from walking distance. Its most regular passengers were the miners of Skiers Spring Colliery, situated on the other side of the road bridge, coming on and off shift.

The station closed on 2 November 1959.

Route

References

 "A Railway Chronology of the Sheffield Area", Edited by Richard V. Proctor, Sheffield City Libraries, 1975.

External links
 Wentworth station on navigable O. S. map

Disused railway stations in Barnsley
Former Midland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1897
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1959


The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) is a public sector undertaking which undertakes planning, development, and mobilisation of financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of the Dedicated Freight Corridors.

DFCCIL is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as Industrial corridor, Make in India, Startup India, Standup India, Sagarmala, Bharatmala, UDAN-RCS, Digital India, BharatNet, Parvatmala.

Establishment
DFCCIL has been designated by the Government of India as a Govt. of India(Ministry of Railways) Enterprise, and has been created to undertake planning & development, mobilisation of financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of the Dedicated Freight Corridors. DFCCIL has been registered as a company under the Companies Act 1956 on 30 October 2006.

See also

 National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited
 National Capital Region Transport Corporation
 Rail transport in India
 Indian Railways
 Dedicated freight corridors in India
 High-speed rail in India
 Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor
 Urban rail transit in India
Amrit Bharat Station Scheme
 Aerial lift in India
 List of megaprojects in India
PM Gati Shakti

References

External links
 Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) Official Website
 Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) Official link for project status
 DFCC will use New Track Construction machine having capacity of 1.5 KM of track per day
 March 2014 news article stating near total land acquisition and environmental clearances

Use dmy dates from July 2020
Dedicated freight corridors of India
Railway companies of India
Government-owned companies of India
Proposed infrastructure in India
2006 establishments in Delhi
Indian companies established in 2006


Peter S. Kim (born April 27, 1958) is an American scientist. He was president of Merck Research Laboratories (MRL) 2003–2013 and is currently Virginia & D.K. Ludwig Professor of Biochemistry at Stanford University, Institute Scholar at Stanford ChEM-H, and Lead Investigator of the Infectious Disease Initiative at the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub.

In 2016, Kim was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for leadership in the discovery and development of novel drugs and vaccines used worldwide.

Early life and education
Kim is of Korean descent.  Kim grew up in Ridgewood, New Jersey the son of a single mother, and his first job was in 1974 at a Roy Rogers restaurant, where he earned money to pay for college.  Kim earned his A.B. in chemistry at Cornell University in 1979 where he conducted research with the late George P. Hess.  He received his Ph.D. in biochemistry at Stanford University under the guidance of Robert L. ("Buzz") Baldwin.

Career and research
After his PhD, Kim was appointed by David Baltimore as one of the early Whitehead Fellows at the Whitehead Institute.  Later, Kim was a professor of biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a Member of the Whitehead Institute and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Kim is known for his studies of coiled coils and for discovering how proteins cause viral membranes to fuse with cells.  He has a special interest in HIV/AIDS research and designed compounds that stop membrane fusion by HIV, thereby preventing it from infecting cells, and has pioneered efforts to develop an HIV vaccine based on similar principles.  Kim also served as a member of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) AIDS Vaccine Research Committee.

Kim joined Merck Research Laboratories (MRL) in 2001 as executive vice president, Research and Development.  He was promoted to president in January 2003.  In this role Kim oversaw all of Merck's drug and vaccine research and development activities.

During his tenure, Merck gained approval of more than 20 new medicines and vaccines.  These include Januvia (the first DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes), Gardasil (the first vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer), Isentress (the first HIV integrase inhibitor), Zostavax (the first vaccine for the prevention of shingles in adults), and Rotateq (an oral vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus infection in infants).  He also led the biomarker-based development of Keytruda.  In 2013, he retired from Merck and was succeeded by Roger Perlmutter.  He was appointed to the faculty at Stanford University in 2014.

Awards and honors
Kim is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Other honors include:

NAS Award in Molecular Biology (1993)
Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry (1994)
DuPont Merck Young Investigator Award of the Protein Society (1994)
Samsung Foundation Ho-Am Prize in Basic Science (1998)
The Hans Neurath Award of the Protein Society (1999)
Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa, Pohang University of Science and Technology (2011)
The Arthur Kornberg and Paul Berg Lifetime Achievement Award in Biomedical Sciences, Stanford University (2018)

Board memberships and affiliations
Medical Advisory Board, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Scientific Advisory Working Group, Vaccine Research Center, NIH

Elected memberships
Member, National Academy of Sciences
Member, National Academy of Medicine (formerly Institute of Medicine)
Member, National Academy of Engineering
Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology
Fellow, Biophysical Society
Member, Korean Academy of Science and Technology

Service

MIT Corporation, visiting committee, department of biology, MIT
HARC (HIV Accessory and Regulatory Complexes) scientific advisory board, University of California, San Francisco
External scientific advisory board, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School

References

1958 births
American health care businesspeople
American people of Korean descent
Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
Cornell University alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Merck Group people
People from Ridgewood, New Jersey
Place of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Ho-Am Prize in Science
Stanford University School of Medicine alumni
American biochemists
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


Mariette Protin (16 April 1906 – 2 July 1993) was a French freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics.

In 1924 she was a member of the French relay team which finished fifth in the 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay competition. She also participated in the 100 metre freestyle event and in the 400 metre freestyle competition but in both she was eliminated in the semi-finals.

References

External links
profile

1906 births
Olympic swimmers for France
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
1993 deaths
Women's World Games medalists
French female freestyle swimmers
20th-century French women


Žerjavka () is a small settlement in the Municipality of Šenčur in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies north of Lake Trboje, the reservoir of the Mavčiče Hydroelectric Plant on the Sava River.

Name
Žerjavka was attested in 1324 as Chranchsfur (and as Chranichsfurt in 1420, and Seryawicz and Saryaw in 1436). The name is based on the Slovene common noun žerjav 'crane', referring to the local fauna, and is additionally confirmed by the Middle High German attestations, which contain the root kranech 'crane'.

References

External links
Žerjavka on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Šenčur


This is a complete list of the operas of the German composer Siegfried Wagner (1869–1930), the son of Richard Wagner (1813–1883).

All the opera libretti were by the composer.

List

References
Notes

Sources
Pachl, Peter P (1992), 'Wagner, Siegfried' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London)

External links
International Siegfried Wagner Society

Lists of operas by composer
Lists of compositions by composer


Salt and pepper are a commonly paired set of condiments for European style cuisine.

Salt and pepper may also refer to:

In entertainment:
Salt and Pepper (album), 1963 album by Paul Gonsalves & Sonny Stitt
Salt and Pepper (film), 1968 film
Salt N' Pepper, 2011 Malayalam film
Salt-n-Pepa, female American hip hop group

In food:
Salt and pepper shakers, the containers for the two condiments
Salt and pepper catfish
Sichuan pepper salt, i.e. Hua jiao yan (花椒盐), a mixture of Sichuan peppercorns and salt, roasted and ground together to make a condiment used with poultry or pork dishes.

In science:
 Salt-and-pepper chromatin, in pathology refers to cell nuclei that demonstrate granular chromatin (on light microscopy).
 Salt and pepper noise, a form of noise typically seen on images

Other:
Salt and pepper (superstition), or "bread and butter", a superstitious charm uttered when two walking people are separated
 "Salt and pepper" as a name for a mixture of dark and gray human hair color

See also
 Pepper and salt (disambiguation)


Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR) is an Indian public sector undertaking which is engaged in transportation and handling of containers. Incorporated in March 1988 under the Companies Act, CONCOR commenced operations in November 1989 taking over an existing network of seven inland container depots (ICDs) from Indian Railways.

History
Indian Railways' strategic initiative to containerise cargo transport put India on the intermodal freight transport map for the first time in 1966. Given India's size (almost  from North to South and East to West), rail transport is often a cheaper option for all cargo over medium and long distances, especially if the cost of inter-modal transfers can be reduced. Seeing that containerised multi-modal door-to-door transport provided a solution to this problem, in 1966 Indian Railways entered the market for moving door-to-door domestic cargo in special DSO containers.

Although the first ISO container in India had been handled in Kochi as early as 1973, it was not until 1981 that the first ISO container was moved inland by Indian Railways to the country's first ICD at Bengaluru, also managed by the Indian Railways.

Expansion of the network to seven ICDs by 1988 saw an increase in container handling capacity, while along the way a strong view emerged that there was a need to set up a separate pro-active organisation to promote and manage the growth of containerisation in India.

CONCOR is one of the Indian Public Sector Undertakings that is currently under consideration for privatisation. The privatisation process, which involves the Indian Government selling 30.8% out of its shareholding of 54.8%, was initially projected to be completed in the fiscal year 2021-2022, but has since been delayed to the next fiscal year. In April 2022, the Indian Government reduced Indian Railways' land licensing fee from 6% to 3% of the land's market value, which was done to assist the company's privatisation.

Core Business
CONCOR operates three core businesses: cargo carrier; terminal operator, warehouse operator & MMLP operation.

References

External links
Container Corporation of India Ltd. (CONCOR) Official Website
Report on the Indian Logistics Industry, May 2012 - Dinodia Capital Advisors

1988 establishments in Delhi
Companies based in Delhi
Companies established in 1988
Railway companies of India
Rail freight transport in India
Government-owned companies of India
Logistics companies of India
Foreign trade of India
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange


Star Jalsha is an Indian Bengali language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Disney Star, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company India. It primarily broadcasts family dramas, comedies, reality shows and films. It launched its own HD feed on 14 April 2016.

History
Star Jalsha was officially launched on 8 September 2008 and is the first non-regional, non-Hindi and non-English channel of Star Network. This was Star India's second Bengali-language television channel of Star India after Star Ananda. In 2011, it was launched on the OSN platform in the Middle East. Its original logo style was also used by Marathi GEC Star Pravah. It was different from the logo style used by most Star channels until the early 2010s, such as Star Plus (until 2010), Star Vijay (until 2017) and Star Jalsha’s Bangla sister channel Star Ananda (until Star TV sold its news networks to the ABP Group on 1 June 2012, two weeks before Star Jalsha’s rebrand).

On 17 June 2012, during a special event Cholo Paltai, it rebranded with a new diamond star logo and graphics for the first time since its launch. On 22 November 2012, the channel was launched in UK.

The channel launched its own high-definition feed, along with Jalsha Movies HD, on 14 April 2016. They were the first Bengali-language HD channels in India.

In 2018, Sagnik Ghosh became the head of the channel. On 17 February 2019, during a special event called Jalsha Doshe Dosh, on account of Star Jalsha's 10th birthday, the channel rebranded for the second time from a white logo with red accents to a red logo with blue accents. It also introduced new coloured graphics after almost 7 years, which are not red and white in the history of the channel, but predominantly turquoise blue with the hints of golden and yellow. The serials also no longer use their own logo. Instead, they use the Kohinoor font for the name of the serial in the cover picture of a particular serial. However, in recent past, the reality shows and events have featured their own logos in the channel with Star Jalsha's Bengali font Kohinoor Bangla.

On 2 October 2021, Star Jalsha, along with other foreign television channels that did not provide clean feeds, was temporarily suspended from broadcasting in Bangladesh. However, on 18 October 2021, Star Jalsha resumed broadcasts in the country with clean feed.

Current broadcast

Former broadcast

Drama series
Aaj Aari Kaal Bhaab (2015–2016)
Aalta Phoring (2022–2023)
Aanchol (2012–2014)
Aay Tobe Sohochori (2021–2022)
Adorini (2017–2018)
Adwitiya (2011–2012)
Aloukik Na Loukik (2019)
Aparajito (2011–2012)
Ardhangini (2018)
Ami Sirajer Begum (2018–2019)
Agnijal (2016–2017)
Bangla Medium (2022–2023)
Behula (2010–2011)
Bhakter Bhogobaan Shri Krishna (2016–2018)
Bajlo Tomar Alor Benu (2018–2019)
Balijhor (2023)
Bikram Betal (2022)
Bhojo Gobindo (2017–2018)
Bouma Ekghor (2022)
Bandhan (2008–2009)
Bhaggolokkhi (2020–2021)
@Bhalobasha.com (2010–2014)
Bhasha (2012–2013)
Bhoomikanya (2018–2019)
Bidhir Bidhan (2012–2013)
Bijoyinee (2018–2019)
Bodhuboron (2013–2017)
Bodhu Kon Alo Laaglo Chokhe (2012–2014)
Bojhena Se Bojhena (2013–2016)
Boron (2021–2022)
Bou Kotha Kao (2009–2012)
Care Kori Na (2012–2013)
Charulata (2009–2010)
Checkmate (2012)
Chirosaathi (2012–2014)
Chokher Tara Tui (2014–2016)
Chuni Panna (2019–2020)
Dugga Dugga (2016)
Debipaksha (2017)
Desher Maati (2021)
Dhannyi Meye (2009–2011)
Dhrubatara (2020–2021)
Dhulokona (2021–2022)
Durga (2008–2010)
Durga Durgeshwari (2019–2020)
Durga Durgotinashini (2008–2022)
Debi Choudhurani (2018–2019)
Ekhane Aakash Neel (2008–2010)
Ekhane Aakash Neel 2 (2019–2020)
Ekka Dokka (2022–2023)
Falna (2021–2022)
Gaaner Oparey (2010–2011)
Ghore Pherar Gaan (2012–2013)
Gramer Rani Binapani (2021–2022)
Gangaram (2020–2022)
Gopal Bhar (2017–2018)
Godhuli Alap (2022–2023)
Guddi (2022–2023)
Guriya Jekhane Guddu Sekhane (2019–2020)
Ichche Dana (2009–2010)
Ichche Nodee (2015–2017)
Irabotir Chupkotha (2018–2020)
Ishti Kutum (2011–2015)
Jai Kali Kalkattawali (2017–2019)
Jani Dekha Hobe (2014–2015)
Jhanjh Lobongo Phool (2016–2017)
Jibon Jyoti (2018)
Jol Nupur (2013–2015)
Kanamachi (2014–2015)
Kapalkundala (2019–2020)
Ke Apon Ke Por (2016–2020)
Khelaghor (2020–2022)
Khorkuto (2020–2022)
Khukumoni Home Delivery (2021–2022)
Kiranmala (2014–2016)
Kora Pakhi (2020–2021)
Kuheli (2008–2009)
Kundo Phooler Mala (2017–2018)
Kunjochaya (2019–2020)
Kusum Dola (2016–2018)
Khokababu (2016–2018)
Koler Bou (2019–2020)
Mahapeeth Tarapeeth (2019–2022)
Maa....Tomay Chara Ghum Ashena (2009–2014)
Madhabilata (2022)
Mayar Badhon (2017–2018)
Mahanayak (2016)
Mayurpankhi (2018–2019)
Megher Palak (2011–2012)
Membou (2016–2017)
Meyebela (2023)
Milon Tithi (2015–2017)
Mohor (2019–2022)
Mon Niye Kachakachi (2015)
Mon Phagun (2021–2022)
Mouchaak (2013–2014)
Mukhosh Manush (2010–2011)
Nabab Nandini (2022–2023)
Neer Bhanga Jhor(2008–2009)
Nojor (2019)
Ogo Bodhu Sundori (2009–2010)
Ogo Nirupoma (2020–2021)
Om Namah Shivay (2018)
Phagun Bou (2018–2019)
Ponchomi (2022-2023)
Potol Kumar Gaanwala (2015–2017)
Pratidaan (2017–2018)
Premer Kahini (2017)
Punyi Pukur (2015–2017)
Prothoma Kadambini (2020–2021)
Rakhi Bandhan (2016–2019)
Roilo Pherar Nimontron (2010–2011)
Saanjher Baati (2019–2021)
Shedin Dujone(2011)
Shob Choritro Kalponik (2015)
Sindoorkhela (2010–2012)
Sokhi (2013–2014)
Shree Krishna Bhakto Meera (2021)
Sanyashi Raja (2017–2018)
Sansar Sukher Hoy Romonir Guney (2011–2013)
Shaheber Chithi (2022–2023)
Sreemoyee (2019–2021)
Swapno Udaan (2017)
Taare Aami Chokhe Dekhini
Tapur Tupur (2011–2013)
Thakumar Jhuli (2019)
Thik Jeno Love Story (2014–2015)
Titli (2020–2021)
Tomake Chai (2011–2012)
Tomar Jonno
Tomay Amay Mile (2013–2016)
Tumi Asbe Bole (2014–2016)
Tekka Raja Badshah (2018–2019)

Acquired series
Devadidev Mahadev
Radha Krishna
Mahabharat
Sita
Ramayan
Joy Gopal
Mahaprabhu
Oye Golu
Sri Ramkrishna
Super V
Supercops v/s Supervillains

Reality shows
1000 Ghonta (2011)
Aamar Bor Superstar
Aamra Na Ora Season 1 & 2
Apni Ki Bolen
Bhyabachaka Season 1 & 2
Dance Dance Junior Season 1, 2, 3 & 4 (2019–2023)
Dhonni Meyer Upakhhan (2023)
Eber Jombe Moja (2019)
Ebaar Jalsha Rannaghore Season 1, 2 & 3
Enjoy Guru
Ghosh & Company
Golemale Gol
Hashiwala & Company (2020–2021)
I Laugh You Season 1, 2 & 3
Ismart Jodi (2022)
Joto Hasi Toto Ranna
Konye Tui Megastar
Koti Takar Baaji
Phire Asar Gaan
Priyo Bandhabi
Royal Bengal Superstar
Saat Pakke Bandha
Start Music (2019–2020)
Ranna Banna (2020–2021)
Super Singer Season 1, 2, 3 & 4 (2019–2023)
Swapno Holeo Shottyi
Swayamvar
You Laugh Me

Mahalaya

Sister channels

Star Jalsha Movies

Star Jalsha Movies (commonly known as Jalsha Movies) is an Indian Bengali-Language movie channel owned by Disney Star. It was launched on 16 December 2012 as a sister channel of Star Jalsha.

Star Jalsha Josh
Star Jalsha Josh (or Jalsha Josh) is an upcoming Bengali language youth entertainment television channel from the broadcaster. It was originally planned to be launched on 1 December 2021, but was postponed due to issues involving the implementation of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India's New Tariff Order 2.0

Reception
Within its launch after seven months, Star Jalsha became the most watched Indian Bengali-language channel in April 2009.

Ratings

References

External links

Bengali-language television channels in India
Television stations in Kolkata
Television channels and stations established in 2008
Disney Star
2008 establishments in West Bengal


The Gaiety Theatre, Manchester was a theatre in Manchester, England. It opened in 1884 and was demolished in 1959. It replaced a previous Gaiety Theatre on the site that had been destroyed by fire.

The new theatre was designed by Alfred Darbyshire for United Theatres Co. Ltd. and built on a plot of land near to the corner of Peter Street and Mount Street. It opened as the Comedy Theatre in 1884. On 9 November 1908, it was bought by Annie Horniman for £25,000 and reconstructed to plans by Frank Matcham, reducing its capacity from 2,500 to 1,300. The theatre reopened as the Gaiety Theatre in 1912. It was Britain's first regional repertory theatre. In 1920 the theatre was taken over by Samuel Fitton & Associates but closed in 1922. It was in use again between 1945 and 1947 but was demolished in 1959.

 During the time the theatre was being run by Annie Horniman, a wide variety of types of plays was produced. Anne Horniman also encouraged local writers, who became known as the Manchester School of playwrights. They included Allan Monkhouse, Harold Brighouse, writer of Hobson's Choice, and Stanley Houghton, who wrote Hindle Wakes. Actors who performed at the Gaiety early in their careers include Sybil Thorndike and Basil Dean.

In 2008 Annie Horniman's centenary was celebrated by a performance of Houghton's play Independent Means, which had been recently "rediscovered" in the British Library by Chris Honer, the theatre's artistic director.

References

Further reading

Gooddie, Sheila (2013). Annie Horniman: A Pioneer in the Theatre. Albert Bridge Books.
 Harding, John, Staging Life: The Story of the Manchester Playwrights (Greenwich Exchange 2018) https://greenex.co.uk/

Buildings and structures demolished in 1959
Theatres in Manchester
Former theatres in England
Demolished buildings and structures in Manchester
Former buildings and structures in Manchester
1884 establishments in England
1959 disestablishments in England
History of Manchester


Andre Agassi defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 5–7, 7–6(7–5), 7–5, 6–2 to win the singles title at the 1990 ATP Tour World Championships.

Draw

Finals

Arthur Ashe group
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

Cliff Drysdale group
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

See also
 ATP World Tour Finals appearances

References

Singles
Tennis tournaments in Germany
1990 in German tennis
Sports competitions in Frankfurt


The Central Organisation For Modernisation of Workshops (COFMOW) was a public sector undertaking in India, created in 1979 to modernise the workshops of Indian Railways. It was established through funding from the World Bank and is located in New Delhi, the national capital. It was dissolved by Indian Govt w.e.f Dec 01, 2022.

History
At the time of integration of the Indian Railway system in 1952, there were 41 repair workshops dealing with periodic overhaul of coaches, wagons and locomotives. Day-to-day repairs were handled in over 300 repair depots and sick lines.

The last quarter century of planned development of Indian Railways has witnessed extensive changes in the mode of traction as well as development of new types of coaches and wagons.  Diesel and electric locomotives have gradually replaced steam locomotives.  The number of passenger coaches in service has almost doubled.  The wagon stock holding is roughly 2.5 times that in 1951.  Financial limitations, however, did not permit development of maintenance facilities compatible with the growth of rolling stock.  Only 5 new workshops have been set up since 1952.  The increased demand for maintenance was largely catered by piece-meal expansion of the existing facilities.  Expenditure on workshops in this period was less than 2.5% of the total plan outlay on the railways.  Nevertheless, to meet the requirement of new rolling stock, three new production workshops were set up.

The problems encountered in manufacture and maintenance of the rolling stock are largely due to obsolescence of machinery and plant, diverse product mix and layout deficiencies.  The situation in respect of machinery and plant is a source of major concern.  The proportion of overage machines in 1979 had increased to 77% from 47% in 1952.  Due to paucity of available maintenance funds, an agreement was negotiated with the International Development Association of the World Bank for providing a credit of $95m for the first phase of workshop modernisation programme, expected to be completed by March 1983.  Second and third phases of another 7 years envisage an estimated expenditure of Rs.400 crores inclusive of IDA Credits.

The unprecedented magnitude of this effort prompted the Indian Railways to set up a specialist organisation wholly devoted to the furtherance of this task.  Thus, the Central Organisation for Modernisation of Workshops (COFMOW) came into existence in 1978 to implement the modernisation programme.

Cofmow is now the designated organisation of Indian Railways for selection, procurement and induction of modern workshop technologies and M&P.

References

External links
 Official website

Railway companies of India
Railway workshops in India
Railway companies established in 1979
1979 establishments in Delhi
Companies based in Delhi


Richard Condon (born 1937 in Belfast– died 1991 in County Mayo), was an impresario and theatre manager.

Condon, affectionately known as Dick was made theatre manager of the Theatre Royal, Norwich in 1972. During his tenure, the genial Irishman transformed the theatre into one of the most popular in Europe.  On leaving the theatre after a funding dispute, he formed a partnership with the Pavilion Theatre, Cromer Pier and helped to produce the ever-popular Seaside Special.  In 1987, he was appointed general manager of the revived D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, helping to restart the company in 1988.

After his death the Eastern Daily Press wrote that he was among the "best known and assuredly best loved figures in Norfolk"

References

External links
 Spooky Norfolk

1937 births
1991 deaths
Businesspeople from Belfast
Impresarios


Xuanwumen or Xuanwu Gate may refer to:

Xuanwumen (Beijing) (宣武门), a former gate in southern Beijing that was demolished in 1965
Xuanwu Gate Incident, a coup set in Tang Dynasty in China
Xuanwumen (玄武门), a gate of Xuanwu Lake as part of the City Wall of Nanjing

Historical use
Xuanwu Gate (玄武门), the north gate of Taiji Palace (太极宫), Chang'an (now Xi'an), where Xuanwu Gate Incident took place
Xuanwu Gate (玄武门), the north gate of Daming Palace, Chang'an (now Xi'an)
Shenwu Gate (神武门), formerly "Xuanwu Gate" (玄武门), name changed in Kangxi Emperor era, Gate of Divine Prowess, the north gate of Forbidden City, Beijing
Xuanwu Gate (玄武门), The north gate of Ming Palace, Nanjing

See also
Xuanwumen Station (disambiguation)


The Golden Rock Railway Workshop  (officially the Central Workshop, Golden Rock, abbreviated GOC), in Ponmalai (Golden Rock), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, is one of three railway workshops serving Indian Railways' Southern Railway zone. The workshop is part of the railways' Mechanical Department. The other two Southern Railway workshops (Carriage Works and Loco Works) are in Perambur, Chennai.

History

This central workshop was set up in 1897 by South Indian Railways at Nagapattinam to maintain steam locomotives. South Indian Railways decided to move the workshop to Trichinopoly (present-day Tiruchirappalli) because of its better location. The foundation stone of the Tiruchchirappalli workshop was laid by Mrs. R.P. Munro on 20 December 1926, and work was completed in 1928.

The workshop had state-of-the-art facilities, including a powerhouse which generated electricity for the workshop and the colony. Golden Rock's railway colony was one of Tiruchirappalli's first locations with electric lighting. The workshop repaired Royal Air Force planes during World War II.

The workshop covers about , of which  is under cover. It has a ,  transfer table.

In 2018, Golden Rock had 6,091 employees. The workshop primarily maintains coaches and diesel and heritage steam locomotives and manufactures wagons.

Management
 Chief Workshop Manager (CWM): assisted by three junior administrative officers, four senior-scale officers and four junior-scale officers.
 Deputy Chief Mechanical Engineer/P: responsible for the manufacture, periodic overhaul (POH) and conversion of X class locomotives (locomotives with a toothed cog for the Nilgiri Mountain Railway). As part of the POH, the locomotive's original coal-fired boiler is converted to oil (without affecting its appearance) due to the difficulty of obtaining coal. The workshop has been ordered to manufacture four X class locomotives. The Deputy CME/P is also in charge of the foundry and the wheel, fabrication and smithy, machine and diesel-component shops.
 Deputy Chief Mechanical Engineer/Diesel: in charge of public-sector, diesel, steam and export locomotive POH and its allied shops
 Deputy Chief Mechanical Engineer/Carriage and Wagon: in charge of carriage POH and wagon manufacture and management representative for the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 quality management systems
 Deputy Chief Electrical Engineer: in charge of electrical maintenance and train lighting
 Deputy Chief Material Manager: in charge of procuring and stocking raw material and spare parts
 Deputy Accounts and Financial Advisor
 Workshop Personnel Officer: implements recruitment, promotion, transfer, retirement and welfare measures, maintaining a relationship with the trade unions

Business activities

Diesel locomotive maintenance
Diesel and electric locomotive POH began at Golden Rock in 1969 to accommodate SR and SCR, with a capacity of one locomotive every two months. Its capacity was increased to 10 locomotives per month in July 1990 to meet the needs of five railways: Southern, South Central, South Western, West Central and North Western Railways. The workshop's present capacity is 12 locomotives per month. In addition to locomotive overhaul, the diesel shop has the following support shops:
 Engine-block reclamation shop
 Cylinder-liner plating shop
 Coil-manufacturing shop
 Heavy electrical repair shop

Carriage maintenance

GOC performs the following carriage maintenance:
Overhauling Nilgiri Mountain Railway and BG coaches
Refurbishing interior furnishings as part of midlife rehabilitation
Furnishing inspection cars
Retrofitting stainless-steel floors
Refurbishing toilets
12–18 month POH

The workshop also manufactures and converts Nilgiri Mountain Railway coaches and exports old MG coaches after maintenance and remodeling by RITES.

Wagon manufacturing
GOC, which began manufacturing wagons in 1962, has produced 34,901 wagons in 53 designs. The workshop produces container wagons for Container Corporation of India (CONCOR).

Production wing

The workshop's production wing focuses on manufacturing components required for locomotive and carriage maintenance and wagon manufacturing. It supplies wheels for rolling-stock maintenance and manufactures steam locomotives for the Nilgiri Mountain and Darjeeling Himalayan Railways. The wing includes a tool room and foundry, diesel component, machine, wheel, fabrication and smithy, erecting and mechanical millwright shops. The Mechanical Millwright Shop maintains machinery and equipment, including overhead cranes, material-handling equipment and other special-purpose machines. Over 1,200 pieces of machinery are installed at GOC.

In August 2021, an X-class coal-fired steam locomotive manufactured for the Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR) was dispatched by road to Mettupalayam for trials prior to operational deployment.

Support activities

GOC uses the following for support activities:
Material management
Electrical plant maintenance
Safety department
Workshop training centre
Computer centre
Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratory

Material management
Golden Rock has three storage depots and a scrap-storage depot. Availability of material is 95 to 98 percent.

Electrical plant maintenance
The main goal of the plant maintenance team is to reduce machinery downtime.

Safety department

GOC's safety department, in existence for 30 years, uses training, drills, shop-floor counseling, data updating and the scientific elimination of work-related hazards. The department displays posters and safety magazines highlighting safety procedures, and develops a rapport with workers through customised safety modules. It received three awards from the government of Tamil Nadu in 2005.

Training centre

The shop has a training centre, primarily to offer courses in accordance with the Apprenticeship Act 1961. Training varies from one to two years, depending on entrance qualifications and the trade being taught. The centre also offers need-based training for artisans and supervisors.

Computer centre

GOC has a fully equipped information system, required at the management and operational levels. It developed the Workshop Information System (WISE) in-house in 2001, implementing it the following year. Golden Rock assisted the Centre for Railway Information Systems
in implementing WISE at 16 other railway workshops in 2004, and developed a Diesel Loco Maintenance Management Information System (DLMMIS).

Chemical and Metallurgical Laboratory
GOC has a Chemical and Metallurgical laboratory where quality analysis of materials procured by the stores are undergone.

Welfare activities

Premature death assistance scheme

All employees contribute to (and are covered by) this social-security scheme, which gives  to the family of a deceased employee.

Crèche

A crèche, near the Armoury Gate entrance, cares for the children of workshop employees.

Canteen

A modern canteen, with a gas supply for steaming, caters to employees. Refreshments such as snacks, tea and coffee are supplied in work areas. The canteen has two dining halls, with a lunchtime capacity of 160. Tea and snacks are sold at nine booths.

Education

Schools were established for children of GOC employees before Indian independence. Although four schools and two kindergartens once existed in Golden Rock's railway colony, its declining population has left only a single school.

Work

Golden Rock performs periodic overhauls (POH) and maintenance of diesel locomotives and the Darjeeling and Nilgiri narrow-gauge locomotives. It maintains, services and remodels discontinued diesel metre-gauge locomotives for export by RITES, and other converted locomotives for Mozambique, Tanzania, Mali, Sudan and Senegal. GOC has produced five metre-gauge diesel engines for Malaysia. Three remodelled metre-gauge locomotives were exported to Benin. By December 2008, the workshop had sent 111 refurbished locomotives overseas. It has till now indigenously manufactured 6  X-Class Steam Engines, 4 from 2011-2014 and 2 from 2021-2022, for the use on the Rack-Adhesion route between Mettupalayam and Coonoor in the Nilgiri Mountain Railway.

See also
 Rail Wheel Factory
 List of locomotive builders
 Rolling stock manufacturers of India

Notes

References

Railway workshops in India
Buildings and structures in Tamil Nadu
Economy of Tiruchirappalli
Coach and wagon manufacturers of India


The Rail Spring Karkhana (Rail Spring Factory) (Hindi: रेल स्प्रिंग कारखाना), located near Sithouli Railway Station around 12.8 km way from Gwalior Railway Station Gwalior in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a major railway workshop for Indian Railways which manufacture Hot Coil Springs of different types for diverse Rolling Stocks.

References

Railway workshops in India
Buildings and structures in Gwalior


Ballabeg Station (Manx: Stashoon Raad Yiarn Valley Beg) is a rural intermediate request stop on the coastal route of the Manx Electric Railway on the Isle of Man with a small station house constructed in 1905.

Location
The station can be found between Onchan and Laxey on the island's eastern coast. It serves the small hamlet of Ballabeg; it is on the main coast road between Douglas and Ramsey.

Facilities
In 1905 a small hut (the "station house") was built here in typical style from corrugated iron with a pitched roof, and painted in standard green livery.  After some years of neglect this was restored by local residents from 2005 to 2008. It largely serves local traffic, being on the outskirts of the residential area of the village.

Route

See also
List of Manx Electric Railway stations

References

Sources
 Manx Electric Railway Stopping Places (2002) Manx Electric Railway Society
 Island Images: Manx Electric Railway Pages (2003) Jon Wornham
 Official Tourist Department Page (2009) Isle Of Man Heritage Railways
 Ballabeg (2009) Isle of Man Steam Railway Supporters Association

Railway stations opened in 1894
Railway stations in the Isle of Man
Manx Electric Railway


Tegeticula yuccasella, the yucca moth, is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. The species was first described by Charles Valentine Riley in 1872. It can be found in North America from Texas to southern Canada.

The wingspan is 18–27 mm. The forewings are wide and blunt, usually white but occasionally with more or less tan. The hindwings are medium to light brownish gray.

The larvae feed on Yucca filamentosa, Yucca smalliana, Yucca flaccida, Yucca glauca, Yucca arkansana, Yucca constricta, Yucca rupicola, Yucca pallida, Yucca reverchoni and Yucca aloifolia. They feed on developing seeds. Pupation takes place in a cocoon in the soil.

References

External links

Pellmyr, Olle "Keys to species of the Tegeticula yuccasella complex". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved November 11, 2020.

Moths described in 1872
Prodoxidae


The Type-90, also known as the MZD-2, is a Chinese submunition used in the 122 mm Type-81 cluster rocket. It is made by Norinco. Type-81 rockets with Type-90 submunitions were used by Hezbollah against Israel in the 2006 Lebanon War, and they have been used in the Syrian Civil War as bombs dropped by weaponized Hezbollah quadcopters.

Each Type-90 resembles a small cylindrical bell with a ribbon at one end. A plastic band full of 3mm steel spheres wraps horizontally around the middle of the cylinder. Inside is an armor-piercing shaped charge. Each Type-81 rocket contains 39 Type-90 submunitions.

References

Submunitions