The Xian MA700 (MA for 新舟, "Modern Ark") is a twin-engine, medium-range turboprop airliner currently under development by Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).

Development

When the aircraft was first announced in 2007, it was presented as a 70-seat aircraft. However, when a model of the aircraft was shown at the 2008 Zhuhai Airshow, it was touted as capable of offering about 80 seats in 4-abreast configuration.
Preliminary design was reviewed in January 2017, before detailed design.

Okay Airways and Joy Air were announced as launch customers for the aircraft and to be involved with its development, which had been  due to make its maiden flight in November 2019.
By late 2017 there were 185 orders for the 86-seat aircraft with purchase agreements with 11 customers including Joy Air, Okay Airways and Cambodia Bayon Airlines. The first prototype had been due to be assembled in 2017, with a maiden flight in 2019 and certification scheduled for 2021.  AVIC plans to apply for airworthiness certification with the United States' Federal Aviation Administration and the European Aviation Safety Agency so the plane can enter the Western market.

Long-lead items like flap and cargo door structures started to be built from December 2017.
In December 2017, Dowty Propellers was selected for a R408 propeller derivative.
Manufacturing of its flaps and cargo door had begun in Xian and Shenyang, respectively.
In January 2018, AVIC said structural and strength tests allowed to release wing flaps and forward fuselage technical specifications.
Maiden flight is targeted for November 2019, and Chinese certification by 2021 before introduction.
The first was to be rolled out around the middle of 2019 and first delivered in 2022.
While detailed design was to be completed by April 2018, the program slipped three years since its launch at the end of 2013, and Avic has not yet built a reputation for dependable products.

Design of major assemblies like the fuselage sections and wingboxes was sent to factories in late May 2018, to be constructed by the end of the year.
Structural design was finalized by June 2018 while 25-26 systems critical design reviews were completed.
Others should be completed by August and systems should be delivered from October for integrated system testing.
Technical manuals will be written in the second half of 2018.

The first MA700 was to be rolled out in June 2019 before a few months of ground tests including taxi runs.
The PW150C should get certification by 2019 end.
Avic expects the EASA and FAA to validate the CAAC certification, anticipated for 2021 after 24 months of flight testing.
Avic sibling Comac needed six years for the ARJ21 and the C919 may need at least four years.

In July, Avic selected Rockwell Collins, Thales, Meggitt and Parker Hannifin as suppliers at the Farnborough Airshow.
By then, the CAAC had completed its review of the structure digital model, as the first prototype's fin, doors, undercarriage and nacelles
were to begin construction.
The engine, avionics, propellers, APU and electrical system should be reviewed before the end of 2018.
Major assemblies should be sent for final assembly at Xian in the first half of 2019.
Avic develops the MA700 mostly from its own resources.
By December, the first centre wing box was completed for the static test aircraft towards a mid-2019 roll-out and 2022 service entry.

By June 2019, large fuselage parts were finished while the wings debuted assembly, before main components delivery and final assembly by the end of the year and static testing.
By July, the forward fuselage was completed after the main and nose fuselage sections.
By then, the first roll-out slipped by three months to September.
The nose, forward, and main fuselage sections were joined by 18 July.
The fuselage was mated with the wings by the end of September.

Xian Aircraft Company (Xi'an Yanliang) is now planned to be equipped with domestic Chinese engines, after the Canadian government withheld an export licence for the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW150C powerplant, Flightglobal has reported. The Canadian engine manufacturer has confirmed that the export licence, for which it had applied in 2018, was denied in 2020 due to political pressure from United States to hinder China's development.

Design

The MA700 is conventional configuration, with a straight, tapered wing mounted high on the mid-fuselage, two tractor engines and a T-tail. The tricycle main landing gear are carried on faired pods outside the pressure vessel. The 2008 model was equipped with 6-bladed slightly swept propellers and showed 28 passenger windows per side.

Powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PW150C turboprops, the fly-by-wire aircraft will seat up to 86 passengers, will have a maximum take-off weight of  and a range of up to .
The MA700 is an all-new design, larger than its competitors with 78 seats at 79 cm (31 in) pitch compared to 74 in the Q400 and 68 in the ATR 72, and stretch  potential for 90.
At launch, the program targeted an empty weight of , but since gross weight came 1 t (2,200 lb) heavier: range was reduced by  for  with a full payload, saving several hundred kilograms, and shortening the aircraft by 0.4 m (1.3 ft) also saved weight.

Its  cruise speed is faster than the originally expected  and the power installed to achieve fast climbs should let it attain its  maximum speed.
When it make its first flight, a 50-seat version similar to an ATR 42 should be developed for better high-elevation performance.
It would operate from 1,800 m (5,900 ft.) runways in high temperatures or snow, serving 95% of Chinese airports, excluding the highest in Tibet.

Orders and deliveries

As of June 2019, AVIC states 11 operators have ordered 285 aircraft.

Specifications (MA700)

See also

 ATR 72
 Bombardier Q-Series
 Ilyushin Il-114

References

External links

2000s Chinese airliners
MA700
Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft


Lori 1 Wind Farm is a wind farm in Armenia located along the Bazum Mountains at Pushkin Pass in Lori, Armenia. The first wind farm in the country, it has four 660-kW wind turbines and has a capacity of 2.64 MWe. Completed in December 2005 by the Iranian company Sunir with US$3.2 million funding from Iran, it is owned by the High-Voltage Electric Networks of Armenia.  In 2006, Lori 1 generated only 2.6 GWh of electricity (a yearly average of 296.8 KWe—about 11% of installed capacity).

The Armenian and Iranian authorities have agreed to expand the wind farm up to 90 MW.

References

Wind farms in Armenia
Armenia–Iran relations
Articles containing video clips


The 2000 United States Senate election in Minnesota was held on November 7, 2000 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of Minnesota. The race pitted incumbent Republican Senator Rod Grams against former Minnesota State Auditor Mark Dayton. Dayton won with 48.83% of the vote against Grams' 43.29%. Dayton declined to run for reelection in 2006 and later ran successfully in 2010 and 2014  for Governor of Minnesota. He was succeeded in the Senate by fellow Democrat Amy Klobuchar, who has held the seat ever since.

DFL primary
Mark Dayton, former Minnesota State Auditor
Michael V. Ciresi, attorney
Jerry Janezich, state senator
Rebecca Yanisch
Richard "Dick" Franson, city councilman
Oloveuse S. "Ole" Savior, artist and perennial candidate.
Gregg A. Iverson

Results

Republican primary

Candidate
Rod Grams, incumbent U.S. Senator
William Paul "Bill" Dahn

Results

General election

Candidates
 Mark Dayton (DFL), former State Auditor and former candidate for this seat in 1982
 Rod Grams (R), incumbent U.S. Senator

Debates
Dayton and Grams had three debates. One on October 18, one on October 26, and one on November 3.

Results

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
 Aitkin (largest city: Aitkin)
 Big Stone (largest city: Ortonville)
 Grant (largest city: Elbow Lake)
 Lincoln (largest city: Tyler)
 Marshall (largest city: Warren)
 Pennington (largest city: Thief River Falls)
 Pine (largest city: Pine City)
 Polk (largest city: East Grand Forks)
 Pope (largest city: Glenwood)
 Red Lake (largest city: Red Lake Falls)
 Yellow Medicine (largest city: Granite Falls)
Beltrami (largest city: Bemidji)
Blue Earth (largest city: Mankato)
Chippewa (largest city: Montevideo)
Clay (largest city: Moorhead)
Fillmore (largest city: Spring Valley)
Freeborn (largest city: Albert Lea)
Itasca (largest city: Grand Rapids)
Koochiching (largest city: International Falls)
Lac qui Parle (largest city: Madison)
Mahnomen (largest city: Mahnomen)
Nicollet (largest city: North Mankato)
Rice (largest city: Faribault)
Swift (largest city: Benson)
Traverse (largest city: Wheaton)
Winona (largest city: Winona)
Kandiyohi (Largest city: Willmar)
Jackson (Largest city: Jackson)
Renville (Largest city: Olivia)

See also
 2000 United States Senate elections

References

2000 Minnesota elections
Minnesota
2000


The 2008–09 Bobsleigh World Cup was a multi race tournament over a season for bobsleigh. The season started on 24 November 2008 in Winterberg and ended on 14 February 2009 in Park City, Utah. The World Cup was organised by the FIBT who also run world cups and championships in skeleton.

Calendar
Below is the schedule of the 2008/09 season.

Schedule update
On the 14 November 2008, on FIBT website it was announced that the competition at the bobsleigh track in Cortina d'Ampezzo was cancelled to technical issues and the competition for 5–11 January 2009 was moved to the Königssee track in Germany.

Results

Two-man

Four-man

Two-woman

Standings

Two-man

Four-man

Two-woman

References

External links
FIBT

Bobsleigh World Cup
World Cup
World Cup


The Newport Opera House is a historic civic building and performing arts venue at 20 Main Street in the heart of downtown Newport, the county seat of Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Built in 1886, it was billed as having the largest stage in New England north of Boston, and continues to serve as a performance venue today. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, as "Town Hall and Courthouse", in 1980, for its architecture and civic roles, and is a contributing property in the Newport Downtown Historic District.

Description and history
The Newport Opera House is located on the east side of Main Street in downtown Newport. The -story brick building, with its clock and bell tower, is the most prominent feature of Newport's historic downtown. Architecturally the building is of a restrained Queen Anne Victorian style, with Panel Brick elements. Its main block is capped by a hip roof, with a corbelled brick cornice. Trim elements are mainly brick, but are accented with terra cotta panels. Windows on the ground floor are topped by segmented arches, while those on the second story have round-arch tops. The tower projects from the front facade, with the main entrance at its front. It has a belfry stage, which for a time housed the Revere bell that now stands in front of the building. Above the belfry stage the tower has a pyramidal roof from which gabled dormers project that house clock faces.

The building was built in 1886 to replace the previous town hall and courthouse which had burned down in 1885. It was designed by Hiram Beckwith, a regionally prominent architect from Claremont. It served for many years as Newport's town hall and as the main courthouse for Sullivan County, and has long served the region as a performance space The rebuilt Opera House was noted to have the largest stage north of Boston. In 1974 the Opera House was restored, which was concluded with the unveiling of the stage in 1976 and a production of The Music Man.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire

References

External links

 Newport Opera House Association

Theatres in New Hampshire
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Queen Anne architecture in New Hampshire
Buildings and structures in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
Newport, New Hampshire
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in New Hampshire


Otto Berg (23 November 1873 – 1939) was a German scientist. He is one of the scientists credited with discovering rhenium, the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope.

Rhenium
In 1925 in Germany, Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg reported that they detected the element in platinum ore and in the mineral columbite. They also found rhenium in gadolinite and molybdenite.
In 1928 they were able to extract 1 gram of the element by processing 660 kg of molybdenite. In 2020 a memorial medal of the discovery was issued by ISTR (art-designer: Igor Petrov).

Technetium
The same team was also involved in the discovery of technetium.  They reported the discovery of element 75 and element 43 in 1925 and named element 43 masurium (after Masuria in eastern Prussia, now in Poland, the region where Walter Noddack's family originated).  The group bombarded columbite with a beam of electrons and deduced element 43 was present by examining X-ray diffraction spectrograms. The wavelength of the X-rays produced is related to the atomic number by a formula derived by Henry Moseley in 1913.  The team claimed to detect a faint X-ray signal at a wavelength produced by element 43. Contemporary experimenters could not replicate the discovery, and it was dismissed as an error for many years.

In 1998, John T. Armstrong of the National Institute of Standards and Technology performed computer simulations of the 1925 experiments and obtained results quite similar to those reported by the Noddack team. He claimed that this was further supported by work published by David Curtis of the Los Alamos National Laboratory measuring the (tiny) natural occurrence of technetium. Noddack's experimental results have never been reproduced, and they were unable to isolate any element 43. Debate still exists as to whether the 1925 team discovered element 43. Discovery of element 43 was finally confirmed by a 1937 experiment in Sicily.

References

1873 births
1939 deaths
Discoverers of chemical elements
20th-century German chemists


The Premier Education Group (PEG) is a privately held company that operates for-profit vocational education institutions in the northeastern United States. Programs offered by PEG institutions vary by location, but include training in massage therapy, medical assisting, medical billing, paralegal, and computer information technology.

Premier is based in New Haven, Connecticut.
The company was started in 1965, when it established its first school.

Institutions
Premier operates programs at these locations under these institutional names:
 Branford Hall Career Institute has locations in Branford and Southington, Connecticut; Springfield, Massachusetts; Albany, Amityville and Bohemia, New York; and Jersey City and Parsippany New Jersey.
 Harris School of Business was opened in New Jersey in 1965 by Ethel Harris of Camden, New Jersey. Harris School of Business now has locations in Danbury, Connecticut; Dover and Wilmington, Delaware; Sanford, Maine; Cherry Hill, Hamilton, Linwood and Voorhees, New Jersey; and Upper Darby, Pennsylvania.
 Salter College has two locations in Massachusetts, one in Chicopee and one in West Boylston (Worcester area). Premier acquired it in 2002 and oversaw its transition from a certificate-only trade school to an accredited two-year college.
 Salter School had locations in Fall River, New Bedford, and Tewksbury, Massachusetts. It maintains a location in Malden.
 Salter School of Nursing & Allied Health is located in Manchester, New Hampshire.
 American College for Medical Careers is located in Orlando, Florida.

Controversy
Premier Education Group has faced allegations of fraudulently misrepresenting school accreditations and certifications, and of unprofessional academic practices. A federal lawsuit by seven former employees charges that school officials routinely misled students about their career prospects, and falsified records to enroll them and keep them enrolled, so that they could continue to get government grant and loan dollars.

References

External links
 Official website

Companies based in New Haven County, Connecticut
Economy of the Northeastern United States
Education companies of the United States
For-profit universities and colleges in the United States
Privately held companies based in Connecticut


An indexed file is a computer file with an index that allows easy random access to any record given its file key.

The key must be such that it uniquely identifies a record. If more than one index is present the other ones are called alternate indexes. The indexes are created with the file and maintained by the system.

IBM supports indexed files with the Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) on OS/360 and successors. IBM virtual storage operating systems added VSAM, which supports indexed files as Key Sequenced Data Sets (KSDS), with more options. Support for indexed files is built into COBOL and PL/I. Other languages with more limited I/O facilities such as C support indexed files through add-on packages in a runtime library such as C-ISAM. Some of Digital's operating systems, such as OpenVMS, support indexed file I/O using the Record Management Services.

In recent systems, relational databases are often used in place of indexed files.

Language support
The COBOL language supports indexed files with the following command in the FILE CONTROL section
 ORGANIZATION IS INDEXED
IBM PL/I uses the file attribute ENVIRONMENT(INDEXED) or ENVIRONMENT(VSAM) to declare an indexed file.

See also
B-trees
Hash table
Data set (IBM mainframe)
Legacy system
dbm also X/Open ndbm and GNU gdbm
Berkeley DB

Inline citations

COBOL
Legacy systems
Database index techniques
PL/I programming language family


The Rhume is a  long river in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Leine. Its source is the karstic spring of Rhume Spring in Rhumspringe, south of the Harz mountain range. The water drains with high pressure from the ground of the funnel-shaped well, known for its turquoise colour.

The Rhume then flows in northwesterly direction through the municipalities of Gieboldehausen, Katlenburg-Lindau and Northeim. It finally joins the Leine river west of Northeim.

Tributaries
 Eller
 Hahle
 Oder
 Söse
 Düne (also called Uhbach)

See also
List of rivers of Lower Saxony

References

Rivers of Lower Saxony
Rivers of the Harz
Rivers of Germany


The Mingachevir Dam (Mingachevir Hydro Power Station) is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Kura River just north of Mingachevir in Azerbaijan. It serves several purposes to include hydroelectric power production and water storage for irrigation. The Mingachevir reservoir, behind the dam, supplies water to the Upper Qarabag and Upper Sirvan Channels which help irrigate about  of farmland in the country. Its six Francis turbine-generators were overhauled or replaced with  sets in 2000. Mingachevir reservoir has a storage capacity of , covering . The length of the dam is , its width is  and height is . It is the largest hydroelectric power station in the South Caucasus, is located over Kur river and not far from Mingachevir city.

History
The construction of the station started in 1945, the first hydro aggregate was put into operation in 1953. The main turbines were originally from Fengman Hydropower Station in Northeast China, acquired by the Red Army during the invasion of Manchuria in 1945. In 1954, the station was put into operation with full capacity. President Aliyev participated in the ceremony of commissioning of Mingachevir hydroelectric power station after reconstruction on February 27, 2018. All hydro generators and hydro turbines of the station were replaced with new ones within the framework of the reconstruction. As a result, the production capacity of the power station was increased from 284 MW to 424 MW.

A large number of people came from different regions of Azerbaijan due to the installation of Mingachevir hydroelectric power station. In total 20,000 people took part in the construction of the power station. Approximately 10,000 German prisoners of the military were involved in the installation towards the end of the 1940s.

Technical parameters
The capacity of the Mingachevir HPP is 359 MW which has 6 hydroaggregates. Average annual electric power production is 1.4 billion kWh.

Water intersection includes concrete dam consisting of 3 holes (width of 30 m with an open channel), water intake facility to pressured water pipes consisting of 6 holes (length of 66 m), dam of land (Length 1550 m, height 80 m), device with 1 hole that intakes water to Upper Garabagh and Upper Shirvan canal.

See also
 List of power stations in Azerbaijan
 Mingachevir reservoir

References

External links

Dams completed in 1953
Mingachevir
Earth-filled dams
Dams in Azerbaijan
Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union
1954 establishments in the Soviet Union
1954 establishments in Azerbaijan


The Sarsang Hydro Power Plant is a hydro power plant located de jure in the Tartar District of Azerbaijan, de facto in the Martakert Province of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. The power plant has an installed electric capacity of  on Sarsang reservoir, and provides 40-60% of the electricity consumed in the Republic of Artsakh. In 1990, the station generated 81.9 million kWh.

See also
 List of power stations in Azerbaijan

References

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Azerbaijan
Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union
Buildings and structures in the Republic of Artsakh


"Pandemic 2: The Startling" is the eleventh episode in the twelfth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 178th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 29, 2008.

It is the conclusion to the previous episode, "Pandemic". In the episode, the boys are lost in the Andes where they discover the startling secret behind the attack of the giant guinea pigs. The boys now have the power to rescue their town and the rest of the world from the onslaught, but Michael Chertoff, the Head of Homeland Security, stands firmly in their way. Meanwhile, Randy bravely documents the destruction while trying to save his family.

The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA L in the United States.

Plot
The episode opens with a monologue recap by Craig Tucker, who is retelling the events up until now in his journal. Craig is stranded in the Andes Mountains with the four main characters and pilots Captains Gabriel and Taylor at a false rendezvous point.  They look for help in the jungle, but find only a "land of the giant lost world", filled with giant fruits. Taylor and Gabriel are killed by baby Guinea bee larvae, and the boys flee.

After running away, Craig and the boys discover a temple, inside of which are carvings depicting a prophecy that details all of the events of the previous episode. They learn from this that the Peruvian flute bands kept the murderous guinea pigs within the jungle. Craig is featured in the final carving. In spite of the intrigue of the carving, Craig refuses to do any more investigating and begins walking back through the jungle. The other boys follow him, complaining of boredom.

Interspersed throughout this story are various flashes in Colorado with Randy, Sharon and Shelley hiding from giant guinea pig monsters (all of which are portrayed by real live-action guinea pigs wearing costumes), a parody of the movie Cloverfield. They hide at home, in a damaged bus, on the roof of a Best Buy, a grocery store, and an Outback Steakhouse. Randy does not stop filming the entire time, and uses unnecessarily shaky camera work, as well as constant zooms and heavy breathing to convey just how "startled" he is by the whole ordeal. The other townspeople, especially Sharon, begin to grow very annoyed by his obsessive taping of the event. Eventually, Sharon has had enough and angrily demands Randy to stop filming, but he says that the video "will be a very important family relic, years from now"; frustrated, Sharon attacks his camera. Also, the townsfolk discover that the guinea pigs take on various other permutations, including guinea rabbits, guinea bees, guinea bears, guinea mice, guinea rats, and guinea-saurus rexes, all of which supposedly originate from the aforementioned "giant world".

Meanwhile, Homeland Security Michael Chertoff travels to Machu Picchu to finalize his plan for world domination.  He accidentally runs into the boys and orders his guards to kill them, claiming they are a Peruvian flute band (which in the previous episode were all prosecuted and ordered sent to Guantanamo Bay detention camp). Stan insists that they are not, and that the bands are the only forces which could stop the guinea pigs. Michael Chertoff snaps, revealing his plan to take over the world. One of the guards, who has had enough of all this, shoots him in the back, but that does not stop the director, since there was no human blood in him. He then reveals his true form, that of a "guinea pirate" (a live-action guinea pig in a pirate outfit). Craig insists that he wants no part of this; he just wants to go home, and he walks away from the scene. But by doing this he accidentally steps on a stone tile, activating some sort of magical ritual in which "sparks" shoot from his eyes and paralyze the Guinea pirate. While concerned by this, Craig's dry tone does not change as he states flatly, "Okay, now there are sparks shooting out of my eyes..." When it's over, he sighs.

The episode ends with a second monologue by Craig, telling the aftermath of the incident, as a pan flute cover of Gary Numan's "Cars" plays in the background. The U.S. government releases all the pan flute bands, who then drive the guinea pigs back to the jungle. Craig concludes that you never know what life has in store for you, there are some things you can't control, and also that he will never trust anyone who asks him for money again. He is shown shutting his front door on the boys, who have come to his house dressed as a Mariachi band, presumably beginning the cycle over again. It is also revealed at this time that Randy forgot to put a tape in his camera after buying it, therefore making his entire effort to tape the ordeal pointless. Meanwhile, back at the office of Homeland Security, the new Director is informed that the guinea pirate has broken out of jail and has begun to attack the city. The ending sequence shows the escaped giant guinea pirate roaming through the streets of Washington, D.C. in his black-and-white prison uniform.

Production

The monsters and shaky camera style of cinematography are a reference to the 2008 American monster movie Cloverfield. The subplot, in which the giant guinea pigs attack a small town is a parody of Night of the Lepus.  The guinea pig costumes were purchased online. According to the creator commentary, the guinea pigs used in filming refused to move when put into the costumes and it took hours of filming to get one usable shot for the episode.

The Guinny Valley where the guinea pig monsters originate from is a parody of Land of the Giants and Land of the Lost (referenced to in the episode as "Land of the Giants Lost World").

Reception
The episode received mixed reviews. The A.V. Club graded the episode a C−, stating "That was too damn long to tell a story with so little substance and so few real laughs. Kinda like Cloverfield. Maybe that was the point".

Home release
"Pandemic 2: The Startling", along with the thirteen other episodes from South Park'''s twelfth season, were released on a three-disc DVD set and two-disc Blu-ray set in the United States on March 10, 2009. The sets included brief audio commentaries by Parker and Stone for each episode, a collection of deleted scenes, and two special mini-features, The Making of 'Major Boobage and 6 Days to Air''.

References

External links
 "Pandemic 2: The Startling" Full episode at South Park Studios

South Park episodes in multiple parts
South Park (season 12) episodes
Television episodes set in Peru
Television episodes with live action and animation
Kaiju


The Shamkir Hydro Power Plant is one of Azerbaijan's largest hydro power plants having an installed electric capacity of . It is located on Shamkir reservoir in Shamkir Rayon of Azerbaijan, and is owned by Azerenerji.

See also
 List of power stations in Azerbaijan

References

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Azerbaijan
Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union


Weather, Climate, and Society (WCAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published quarterly by the American Meteorological Society.

WCAS publishes research that encompasses economics, policy analysis, political science, history, and institutional, social, and behavioral scholarship relating to weather and climate, including climate change. Contributions must include original social science research, evidence-based analysis, and relevance to the interactions of weather and climate with society.

The governing AMS Council has eliminated page charges for papers submitted to WCAS.

See also
 List of scientific journals in earth and atmospheric sciences

References

External links
 Official website

American Meteorological Society academic journals
Academic journals established in 2009
Sociology journals
Meteorology journals
Climatology journals
Climate change journals


The Yenikend Hydro Power Plant is one of Azerbaijan's largest hydro power plant having an installed electric capacity of .

See also
 List of power stations in Azerbaijan

References

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Azerbaijan


Crakehall railway station was a railway station that served the village of Crakehall, North Yorkshire, England.

History
Opened by the Bedale and Leyburn Railway, it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was then closed by British Railways in April 1954.

The site today
Track still passes through the station site, providing rail access for the Wensleydale Railway which operates west from Leeming Bar.  The crossing is now manually operated by a crossing keeper when the heritage line is operating.  The station building remains intact and is used as a private house.

References

External links

 Crakehall station video footage
 Crakehall station on navigable 1947 O. S. map
 Crakehall station homepage

Disused railway stations in North Yorkshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1856
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1917
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1921
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1954
Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
Wensleydale
1856 establishments in England
1917 disestablishments in England
1921 establishments in England
1954 disestablishments in England


Royal Air Force Cranage or more simply RAF Cranage is a former Royal Air Force Satellite station operated during the Second World War. It was located just to the North of Middlewich, Cheshire, England.

History
The site at Cranage was chosen for use as a training station and aircraft maintenance unit in August 1939.  Originally just a grass airfield, three runways were later built from American metal plank. The airfield unusually had eight blister hangars for maintenance use.

The first flying unit was No. 2 School of Air Navigation which was formed on 21 October 1940. It operated the twin-engined Avro Anson for training navigators. In 1942 the unit was renamed the Central Navigation School and the strength was increased to 58 Ansons, they were joined two years later by a number of Vickers Wellingtons in the same role.

As well as the training role, the airfield also housed an operational squadron from December 1940 with the formation of 96 Squadron which was equipped with Hawker Hurricanes. This unit operated in the night air-defence role, mainly in the protection of the industrial and port areas of Liverpool.

A Vickers-Armstrongs shadow factory assembling Wellingtons, was situated at Byley but close to the airfield. The completed aircraft would be towed from the factory to the airfield for their first flight and onward delivery. In July 1942 1531 Flight was formed as a Beam Approach Training Flight using the Airspeed Oxford. Aircrew were taught the techniques of the-then new airfield approach aid. A United States Army Air Forces liaison flight, operating Stinson L-5 Sentinels, also worked from the site in 1944.

The only flying unit on the airfield after the war was No. 190 Gliding School which was formed in May 1945 and operated from the site for two years.  With their departure, flying ceased at Cranage.  The airfield was used for storage and maintenance until it closed in 1958.

RAF units and aircraft

The following units were also here at some point:
 No. 4 Air Crew Holding Unit (June 1945 - August 1946)
 Relief Landing Ground for No. 5 Service Flying Training School RAF (August 1940)
 Relief Landing Ground for No. 11 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF (April 1944 - February 1945)
 Relief Landing Ground for No. 11 Service Flying Training School RAF (September - October 1941)
 Detachment of No. 12 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF (February 1945)
 No. 20 Personnel Transit Centre (April 1947 - December 1954)
 No. 90 Initial Training Wing (FE) (May - October 1944)
 No. 422 (Fighter Interception) Flight RAF (December 1940)
 No. 2778 Squadron RAF Regiment
 No. 2787 Squadron RAF Regiment

United States Army Air Forces units and aircraft

Post RAF use
Since the closure of the station, the M6 has been built and it cuts through the former north east corner of the airfield. The Air Defences around the site are well preserved and were listed in 2002.

Holford Gas Storage
In 2000, Scottish Power unveiled plans to store gas in the former salt brine caverns underneath the site. Despite appeals, this was granted in 2004 and work started soon after. Work progressed slowly due to the appeals process and also due to Scottish Power selling the concern to E.ON UK. The caverns were first supplied with gas for storage in 2011, with full capacity reached in 2013.

The caverns can store up to 6 billion cubic feet of gas.

See also
List of scheduled monuments in Cheshire since 1539

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 Middlewich Heritage

Royal Air Force stations in Cheshire
Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom


Lady's Rock is an uninhabited skerry to the south west of Lismore in the Inner Hebrides. It is submerged at high tide and carries a navigation beacon. Eilean Musdile is to the north east, next to Lismore.

History
In 1527, Lachlan Maclean of Duart decided to murder his wife, Lady Catherine Campbell, a sister of Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll. He rowed out to the rock one night at low tide and left his wife stranded on the rock to die. Looking out the next day from Duart Castle he observed the rock was devoid of life, so he sent a message of condolence to the earl at Inveraray Castle, indicating that he intended to bring his wife's body there for burial. Maclean duly arrived at Inveraray with an entourage of men and the coffin. He was immediately taken to the dining hall of the castle for refreshment only to discover Lady Catherine waiting for him at the head of the table. She had been rescued during the night by boat from Tayvallich (or possibly Lismore) that had passed by the rock.

No word was said of the incident by Argyll or his sister during the meal and Maclean was allowed to make his escape. He was murdered in his bed in Edinburgh some time later by Sir John Campbell of Calder, another of Lady Catherine's brothers.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Scotland
 List of Northern Lighthouse Board lighthouses

Footnotes

References
 Murray, W.H. (1977) The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland. London. Collins.

External links
 Northern Lighthouse Board

Skerries of Scotland
Uninhabited islands of Argyll and Bute


Gheorghe Tașcă (born Iorgu Tașcă, January 30, 1875 – March 25, 1951) was a Romanian economist, lawyer, academic, diplomat, and politician.  He was a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy.

After a distinguished career as jurist and professor at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, ambassador to Germany, and Minister of Industry and Commerce, he became a victim of the Communist regime, dying at Sighet Prison.

Biography

Early days
Tașcă was born in Bălăbănești, Tutova County, now in Galați County. He was one of 12 children of Gheorghe I. Tașcă, a local landowner and philanthropist, and Maria, née Dabija, the daughter of the local priest. He studied from 1886 to 1995 at the Gheorghe Roșca Codreanu High School in Bârlad, after which he went to Bucharest to study at the Faculty of Law of the University of Bucharest, graduating in 1899 magna cum laude, with thesis "On the evolution of rural property in Romania". After being admitted to the bar of Ilfov County, he became a member of the Conservative Party and was elected  representative of Tutova County to the Chamber of Deputies. On December 8, 1905, he married Cordelia Demetriescu, the daughter of historian and writer Anghel Demetriescu. A year later their first daughter, Elisabeta, was born (she married in 1929 Eugen Filotti), while their second daughter, Georgeta, was born in 1908.

Academic career
In 1905 Tașcă went to Paris to pursue his studies at the Law School of the University of Paris; on May 28, 1907, he successfully defended his thesis, "La question agraire. Commentaire critique de la legislation rurale en Roumanie, Angleterre, Irlande, Allemagne", written under the direction of André Weiss. Upon returning to Bucharest, he applied for a position in the Political Economy department of the Faculty of Law; although Tașcă won the competition, his appointment was vetoed by Spiru Haret, the Minister of Education, on the theory that a law degree does not provide the necessary qualifications to teach Economics. In 1908 Tașcă returned to Paris, where he received in 1910 a second doctoral degree, this time in Economics, with thesis "Les nouvelles réformes agraires en Roumanie".

Back in Romania, Tașcă applied again in 1912 and was offered an assistant professor position in political economy at the University of Bucharest. When the Central Powers occupied Bucharest in World War I, he took refuge in late 1916 in Moldavia; conscripted into the Romanian Army, he served as diplomatic courier between Iași and Saint Petersburg. Returning to his teaching at the end of the war, he was promoted to associate professor in 1921, and in 1925 to full professor, a position which he held until 1940.

In 1925 he was elected corresponding member of the Romanian Academy. He was professor of political economy and rector (1929–1931) of the Academy of High Commercial and Industrial Studies of Bucharest (now the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies).

Political career

In 1910 Tașcă followed Take Ionescu and joined the Conservative-Democratic Party, contributing to the development of its political platform. When the party was dissolved in 1922, he joined Nicolae Iorga's Democratic Nationalist Party, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 1926 elections. From 1927 to 1929 he was Editor in Chief of Iorga's magazine, Neamul Românesc.

From May 1, 1930, to May 1, 1932, Tașcă was Romania's ambassador to Germany. From January 12 to June 5, 1932, he served as Minister of Industry and Commerce in the Iorga cabinet.

Last years
Tașcă was arrested on August 1, 1950, by the Communist authorities and incarcerated in the notorious Sighet Prison, Maramureș County in cell number 58. He died on March 25, 1951, after a harsh detention regime and was buried at the Paupers Cemetery in Sighetu Marmației, in a common grave.

Works

Decorations and awards

 Commander of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
 Grand Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas

References

External links

1875 births
1951 deaths
People from Bălăbănești
Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
Romanian economists
Romanian landowners
20th-century Romanian farmers
Gheorghe Roşca Codreanu National College alumni
University of Bucharest alumni
National Peasants' Party politicians
20th-century Romanian politicians
Inmates of Sighet prison
Romanian people who died in prison custody
Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
Members of the Romanian Academy of Sciences
Romanian Ministers of Industry and Commerce
Ambassadors of Romania to Germany
Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918) politicians
Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
Conservative-Democratic Party politicians
Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania) politicians
University of Paris alumni


Jervaulx railway station was a railway station in Newton-le-Willows, North Yorkshire, England. Originally named after this place, it was renamed after Jervaulx, about  to the southwest and known for its former abbey, to distinguish it from Newton-le-Willows in Merseyside. Reputedly the Marquess of Aylesbury was upset by many of his guests arriving at the wrong destination.

History
Opened by the Bedale and Leyburn Railway, the station was initially directly south of the crossroads in the village, but was moved further west on its main site in 1862 at a cost of £38,000. The Wensleydale railway was taken over by the North Eastern Railway, which became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was then closed by the British Transport Commission in April 1954 (along with all of the other stations on the route) when the Northallerton to Hawes passenger service was withdrawn. However, as the line remained open for freight, the station was used after official closure by pupils from the nearby Aysgarth School.

The site today
Track still passes through the station site, providing rail access for the Wensleydale Railway which operates west from Leeming Bar. The station site is  west of  railway station site, and  east of . The station building still stands and is used as a private dwelling; trains on the Wensleydale Railway do not stop here.

References

External links
 Jervaulx station on navigable 1947 O. S. map

Disused railway stations in North Yorkshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1856
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1954
Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
Wensleydale
1856 establishments in England
1954 disestablishments in England


Herstmonceux Park is a  biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Herstmonceux in East Sussex.

This narrow stream valley has seven examples of wetland habitats on Tunbridge Wells sandstone and it is notable for its fen vegetation. The site is the location of two plants which are rare in south-east England, milk-parsley and Cornish moneywort. There are several artificial ponds which have a variety of aquatic plant species.

A public footpath runs through the site

References

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in East Sussex
Park


The Grosser Mythen (also Grosse Mythe) is a mountain in the Schwyzer Alps  of Central Switzerland. The mountain lies in the canton of Schwyz, to the east of the town of Schwyz, and to the south of the village of Alpthal in the valley of the river Alp.

It is accessible from the Holzegg by a hiking trail which is opened during the summer months only.
Geologically the Mythen is a penninic Klippe.

The name is pronounced  [ˈmiːtən]; it is in origin the plural referring to the Grosser and Kleiner Mythen collectively, each of which had the name Mythe (feminine) in the singular.
The name is unrelated to the now-homographic German word for "myth"; Weibel (1973) derives it from Latin meta "cone, pyramid". Until the late 19th century, the name of the mountain was still feminine, die Grosse Mythe; after c. 1870, the masculine gender became increasingly common in written German although dialectically the feminine remains current.

References

External links

 Grosser Mythen on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of the canton of Schwyz
One-thousanders of Switzerland


Eilean Musdile (Mansedale) is an islet, and lighthouse to the south west of Lismore in the Inner Hebrides.

The island lies in the entrance to Loch Linnhe, separated from Lismore by a sound ¼ miles across. It is a low-lying rock,  in size, with some grass on it. CalMac ferries pass close to the island on their way from Oban to Mull.

The lighthouse was built by Robert Stevenson in 1833 at a cost of £4260 and initially showed a fixed white light. In 1910 most of the Northern Lighthouse Board's lights were changed to dioptric or Fresnel lenses but Lismore and Fidra, in the Firth of Forth, were left as the only remaining purely catoptric lights in the service.

A Standing Stone once stood on the highest point of the island (). The  monolith appears to have recorded the midwinter sunset and is thought to have been removed during construction of the lighthouse.

The skerry of Lady's Rock lies a short distance to the south west.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Scotland
 List of Northern Lighthouse Board lighthouses

Footnotes

External links
 Northern Lighthouse Board

Lismore, Scotland
Category A listed lighthouses
Archaeological sites in the Northern Inner Hebrides
Lighthouses of Scottish islands
Works of Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)


The Oder is a  river in Lower Saxony, Germany, and a right tributary of the Rhume. Its source is in the Harz mountains, near Sankt Andreasberg. It flows southwest through Bad Lauterberg, Pöhlde and Hattorf am Harz. The Oder flows into the Rhume in Katlenburg-Lindau.

Course
The Oder rises in the district of Goslar in the heart of the Harz Mountains. Its source is located in the southern part of the Brockenfeld about  north of the Achtermannshöhe. The river's source is called the Odersprung or "Oder Leap."

On the Brockenfeld, which is close to the Odersprung, the rivers Abbe, Große Bode, Ecker and Kalte Bode also have their respective origins. On its perimeter is the ancient Dreieckiger Pfahl boundary stone.

After the Oder passed under the B 4 federal highway in  in east-west direction, it is impounded for the first time west of the village in the Oderteich, where it bends to the south. A few kilometres further downstream, the river is impounded for the second time not far southwest of Oder Valley Sawmill (Odertaler Sägemühle) by the barrage of the Oder Dam. Thereafter the river flows through Bad Lauterberg and leaves the Harz.

In Bad Lauterberg the Oder swings west, running through Pöhlde and Hattorf am Harz, passing north of the Rotenberg ridge, and reaches Wulften. In Hattorf it collects the Sieber river coming from the northeast, before emptying into the Rhume (a tributary of the Leine) in Katlenburg from the east.

Between Scharzfeld and Katlenburg the Oder flows through the nature reserve of Oderaue.

Villages where the river flows
  (district of Sankt Andreasberg)
  (district of Sankt Andreasberg)
 Bad Lauterberg
 Scharzfeld
 Pöhlde
 Hattorf am Harz
 Wulften am Harz
 Katlenburg-Lindau

Tributaries
 Sperrlutter
 Lutter
 Sieber

Pictures

See also
List of rivers of Lower Saxony

References

Rivers of Lower Saxony
Rivers of the Harz
Rivers of Germany


William Joseph Healey (31 March 1853  – 29 May 1909) was an English businessman and president of Newton Heath Football Club in the 1890s, when he served as one of the club's principal creditors.

Healey was born in Salford to William Healey, a builder from Wicklow, Ireland, and Ann Connaughton Healy. He had one son, William Joseph Healy Jr., and founded William Healy and Son, a successful construction firm in Salford.

In 1897, a friendly tournament was inaugurated for clubs in the Manchester and Salford area. Healey provided a trophy for the tournament the following year, and the competition became known as the Healey Charity Cup.

Around the turn of the 20th century, Newton Heath's fortunes began to diminish, both on the pitch and in their bank balance, and they found themselves more than £2,500 in debt. Eventually, Healey took the club to court in order to claim back the £242 17s 10d that he was owed. Due to their large debts, the club was unable to repay Healey and was declared bankrupt. They were soon rescued by local businessman John Henry Davies and renamed "Manchester United". Davies took over as club chairman, thus ending Healey's association with the club.

Personal life

Healy was a devout Roman Catholic. In his retirement, he became a supporter of the Franciscan Capuchin Monastic Church at Pantasaph, Flintshire, and donated generously to the friars' cause. Prior to his death he was received in private audience by Pope Pius X in Rome. He died at his residence in Pantasaph in 1909.

References

1853 births
1909 deaths
English football chairmen and investors
Manchester United F.C. directors and chairmen
English Roman Catholics


The Kleiner Mythen is a mountain in the Schwyzer Alps of Central Switzerland. The mountain lies in the canton of Schwyz, to the east of the town of Schwyz, to the south of the village of Alpthal in the valley of the Alp river, and to the north of the Grosser Mythen.

References

External links
 Kleiner Mythern on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of the canton of Schwyz
One-thousanders of Switzerland

la:Mythen
eo:Mythen


Delfinul ('The dolphin') is a  of the Romanian Naval Forces. It was commissioned in August 1985 and is currently the only Romanian submarine in service. Due to a lack of funding the submarine has been inactive since 1995; it is kept in reserve docked in the military sector of the Port of Constanța.

History

In the early 1980s, the Romanian Naval Forces expressed the need for a submarine to train the anti-submarine vessels of the fleet. The Chinese government made an offer for six Type 33 submarines, two built in China (one with Romanian workers) and four in Romania. However, the Type 33 was an obsolete design and the Romanian government decided to purchase Soviet equipment. A  was acquired in 1984 for $61.5 million from USSR. The submarine was built by Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 in Gorki. The Romanian crew of the submarine was trained in the USSR. The submarine, christened Delfinul, was delivered in 1985. Another two Kilo-class submarines were planned for purchase, but due to financial reasons, the orders were cancelled.

Service

The submarine successfully accomplished 67 missions, with 2,000 hours of immersion. During these missions, Delfinul launched 23 torpedoes and 2 naval mines. In 1996, the submarine exhausted the resources of the initial batteries and is kept in reserve since then. After 2001, the submarine was transferred to the "Mircea cel Bătrân" Naval Academy, being used as a training ship. Numerous overhauling plans have been proposed since 1996, yet none were implemented.

See also
 , a World War II-era namesake

Notes

References

 ***, Almanahul Forțelor Navale 2007, Statul Major al Forțelor Navale, Editura CTEA, București, 2006,

Submarines of the Romanian Naval Forces
Attack submarines
Romania–Soviet Union relations
Kilo-class submarines
1985 ships
Ships built in the Soviet Union


The DRG Class 34 refers to:

 Passenger train, tender locomotives with a 2-4-0 wheel arrangement operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn:
 Class 34.70: BBÖ 231 (locomotive with 0-6-0 wheel arrangement)
 Class 34.73: Mecklenburg P 3.1
 Class 34.76: Saxon III
 Class 34.77–78: Saxon IIIb
 Class 34.79: Saxon IIIb V
 Class 34.80: Saxon VIb V
 Class 34.81: Württemberg A
 Class 34.82: Württemberg Ac


Billboard Hot Soul Hits is a series of compilation albums released by Rhino Records in 1995, compiling 50 hit soul music recordings, which were popular in the 1970s. Five albums were released, containing ten songs from a specific year from 1970 through 1974.

All tracks on the albums were hits on the Billboard Best Selling Soul Singles chart (renamed "Hot Soul Singles" in 1973). Several of the tracks were crossover hits onto the pop charts.

1970
"Love on a Two-Way Street" — The Moments 3:46
"Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" — Sly & the Family Stone 4:52
"ABC" — The Jackson 5 2:59
"Rainy Night in Georgia" — Brook Benton 3:52
"The Thrill Is Gone" — B.B. King 4:02
"Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)" — Delfonics 3:23
"Patches" — Clarence Carter 3:13
"Super Bad (Pts. 1 & 2)" — James Brown 5:04
"Call Me" — Aretha Franklin 3:18
"Turn Back the Hands of Time" — Tyrone Davis 2:38

1971
"Want Ads" — Honey Cone 2:46
"Smiling Faces Sometimes" — Undisputed Truth 3:18
"Have You Seen Her" — Chi-Lites 5:10
"Bridge over Troubled Water" — Aretha Franklin 5:32
"Don't Knock My Love (Pt. 1)" Wilson Pickett 2:15
"(Do The) Push and Pull (Pt. 1)" — Rufus Thomas 3:21
"Jody's Got Your Girl and Gone" — Johnnie Taylor 3:01
"If I Were Your Woman" — Gladys Knight & The Pips 3:13
"Thin Line Between Love and Hate" — The Persuaders 3:23
"Hot Pants" — James Brown 3:09

1972
"If You Don't Know Me by Now" — Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes 3:27
"Betcha by Golly, Wow" — The Stylistics with Russell Thompkins Jr. 3:19
"I'll Be Around" — The Spinners 3:11
"I'm Still in Love With You" — Al Green 3:13
"In the Rain" — The Dramatics 4:33
"(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right" —  Luther Ingram 3:27
"Oh Girl" — The Chi-Lites 3:50
"Day Dreaming" — Aretha Franklin 2:46
"Talking Loud and Saying Nothing" — James Brown 3:15
"Outa-Space" — Billy Preston 4:10

1973
"Why Can't We Live Together" — Timmy Thomas 3:55
"Love Jones" — Brighter Side of Darkness 3:20
"One of a Kind (Love Affair)" — The Spinners 3:21
"The Love I Lost (Pt. 1)" — Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes 3:38
"I'm Gonna Love You Just a Little More Baby" — Barry White 4:09
"I Believe in You (You Believe in Me)" — Johnnie Taylor 4:34
"That Lady (Pt. 1)" — Isley Brothers 3:21
"Angel" — Aretha Franklin 3:33
"Stoned Out of My Mind" — Chi-Lites 3:03
"Space Race" — Billy Preston 3:28

1974
"TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)" — MFSB featuring the Three Degrees 3:36
"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" — Barry White 3:43
"Jungle Boogie" — Kool & the Gang 3:06
"Sideshow — Blue Magic 4:12
"Then Came You" — Dionne Warwick and the Spinners 3:59
"Do It ('Til You're Satisfied)" — B. T. Express 3:14
"I Feel a Song (In My Heart)" — Gladys Knight & the Pips 3:19
"I'm in Love" — Aretha Franklin 2:47
"My Thang" — James Brown 4:19
"Mighty Love (Pt. 1)" — The Spinners 3:14

Soul
1995 compilation albums
Soul compilation albums
Various artists albums


Thomas Levett-Prinsep (born Thomas Levett; 1800/1–1849) was an English landowner in Derbyshire and Staffordshire. He took on the additional name of Prinsep on inheriting his uncle's holding of Croxall Hall.

Life
He was born at Wychnor Park in Wychnor, Staffordshire, the third son of Theophilus Levett, High Sheriff of Staffordshire. He was educated at Eton College, and matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford in 1828, aged 17.

In 1835, Levett inherited Croxall Hall in Derbyshire.

Croxall Hall descent

Croxall Hall is located eight miles (13 km) southwest of Burton-on-Trent. The Curzon family held it for 15 consecutive generations. Mary Curzon, the heiress of the Curzon family and governess to the Royal Family, married Sir Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset.

John Prinsep Esq., India merchant and progenitor of the Anglo-Indian family of the same name, purchased the property from George Sackville, 4th Duke of Dorset, and became lord of the manor. The Prinseps became well known for the cattle they bred at their Croxall estate, which at  was said to be the biggest family farm in Derbyshire at the time. Croxall Hall is near to Catton Hall, once a property of the Anson family, who later intermarried with the Levetts of nearby Milford Hall, distant relations of Thomas Levett-Prinsep.
Thomas Prinsep, High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1802, died without an heir, and so left Croxall Hall to his nephew, the son of Theophilus Levett of Wychnor Hall, High Sheriff of Staffordshire, who had married in 1794 Frances Prinsep, daughter of John Prinsep of Croxall Hall, and sister of Thomas Prinsep. Prinsep left his property to his nephew Levett on condition that he adopt the name and coat of arms of Prinsep in addition to Levett.

Later life
Following his second marriage, Thomas Levett-Prinsep (as now he was) returned to Croxall Hall, which he had inherited from his father. He renovated the Hall, and built The Grange to manage his farmland. The couple moved to nearby Walton Hall, Walton-on-Trent.

Levett-Prinsep was a Derbyshire JP, member of the Tamworth Board of Guardians, and cattle breeder in Derbyshire. He died suddenly while crossing Teignmouth Harbour.

Family and legacy
Levett married:

In 1831 Margaret, the daughter of Scottish merchant David Monro, a seigneur, businessman and political figure in Lower Canada who, after building a fortune in the Canadian ironworks, left North America and moved to Bath, Somerset.
Following Margaret's death, in 1838 as his second wife Caroline Mary Templer. She was the daughter of Rev. John James Templer of Newton Abbot in Devon, the Rector of Teigngrace and a member of the Templer family who owned Stover House and the  Stover Estate in Devon – later sold due to Templer family financial troubles to Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset. Rev. Templer's other daughter Henrietta was married to Thomas Levett-Prinsep's elder brother Theophilus Levett, who had inherited the Levett family's Wychnor Park.

His children, surname Levett-Prinsep, included:

A daughter of the first marriage, Margaret Catherine Levett-Prinsep, born in 1837 in Bath. In 1860 she married her cousin Robert Thomas Kennedy Levett, son of John Levett and his wife, the former Sophia Eliza Kennedy, of Wychnor Park. Thomas Prinsep Levett (died 1938), George Arthur Monro Levett (died 1940) and Robert Kennedy Levett were their children.
A son, also Thomas Levett-Prinsep, heir to the Croxall estate at his early death in 1849. He married on 23 June 1868, at Stokenham, Devon, Georgina Holdsworth, daughter of Arthur Bastard Easterbrook Holdsworth of Widdicombe House (son of Arthur Howe Holdsworth): Their daughter Katherine Mary married in 1896 Lt. Col. Henry Edward Disbrow Wise, CBE, and their son Thomas Arthur Levett-Prinsep, born 1879, married in 1907 Margaret Noel Simpson, from a Yorkshire clerical family; they were the parents of Thomas Francis Anthony Levett-Prinsep (1908–1983), an artist known as Anthony Prinsep.

The Levett-Prinsep heirs sold Croxall Hall in 1920, and moved to the West Country, closer to family relations there. The family eventually inherited Widdicombe House in Kingsbridge, Devon.

References

Sources
 The Levetts of Staffordshire, Dyonese Levett Haszard, Milford, Staffordshire, privately printed
 Victoria County History: A History of the County of Stafford, M.W. Greenslade, R.B. Pugh (editors)

Date of birth unknown
1849 deaths
Thomas
People from the Borough of East Staffordshire
People from Derbyshire (before 1895)
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
High Sheriffs of Derbyshire
Year of birth uncertain


Howden is an area of the new town of Livingston, the largest town in West Lothian, Scotland. Howden is bordered by Craigshill (to the east), Ladywell (to the north), Almondvale (to the south) and Kirkton (to the west).

The area takes its name after Howden House, a former historic country house dating back to the 1770s (it was previously known as Over Howden). The house passed from private ownership to then being used as Department of Agriculture testing station in the early 20th century until 1962, when it was then renovated in 1964 using a £64,000 donation from the Carnegie UK Trust, subsequently becoming Livingston's first community centre and the site for the early the board meetings of the Livingston Development Corporation. The house then fell to dereliction in the late 20th century but was restored and converted into 4 small flats and 1 large townhouse during 2012/2013. The adjacent stable block had previously been converted into Howden Park Centre, an arts and entertainment venue adjoining Howden park, a large open green space. The Howden area was developed as part of the initial developments of the new town plan in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

St John's Hospital, the main hospital serving Livingston and West Lothian, is located on the west edge of Howden.

Education
Howden has two primary schools. Toronto Primary School is a non-denominational school which opened in 1971 and was recently extended with a new £2.5 million building in concrete and Vitreous enamel. Howden St Andrew's R C Primary School is a Roman Catholic primary school.

Transport
The A899 road runs along the eastern edge of Howden and the A705 road runs along the northern edge of the district.

References

External links

Pictures of Howden in Livingston, Livingstoni

Livingston, West Lothian
Populated places in West Lothian


Three-Sided Coin is the first compilation album by Canadian rock band Nickelback, being a Japan-exclusive release by Roadrunner International. Released on June 11, 2002, it contains songs from the band's first three studio albums: Curb (1996), The State (1998), and Silver Side Up (2001). Three-Sided Coin also includes "Yanking Out My Heart", a track which was recorded during the Silver Side Up recording sessions yet not included on the album. The song was previously included on The Scorpion King soundtrack earlier in March 2002 and later appeared on the special edition of The Long Road in 2003.

Track listing

Tracks 6 and 8 from Curb (1996)
Tracks 2, 4, 5, and 7 from The State (1998)
Tracks 1, 3, 9, and 10 from Silver Side Up (2001)
Track 11 from The Scorpion King soundtrack (2002)

Personnel

Nickelback
Chad Kroeger – lead vocals, guitars
Ryan Peake – guitars, vocals
Mike Kroeger – bass guitar
Brandon Kroeger – drums (tracks 6 and 8)
Ryan Vikedal – drums (tracks 1-5, 7, 9-11)

Production
Larry Anschell – producer, engineer, mixing (Curb)
Dale Penner – producer, engineer (The State)
GGGarth Richardson – mixing (The State)
Nickelback – producer (The State, Silver Side Up and "Yanking Out My Heart")
Rick Parashar – producer (Silver Side Up and "Yanking Out My Heart")
Joey Moi – engineer (Silver Side Up and "Yanking Out My Heart")
Randy Staub – mixing (Silver Side Up and "Yanking Out My Heart")

Additional personnel
Ron Burman – A&R
Bryan Coleman – management (Union Entertainment Group)
Jason Noto, Scott Sandler – art direction, design
Daniel Moss, Chapman Baehler – photography
Lynda Kusnetz – creative director

References

Nickelback albums
2002 compilation albums
Roadrunner Records compilation albums


The Bočac Hydro Power Plant is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's largest hydro power plant having an installed electric capacity of 110 MW.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina


Claus-Detlev Walter Kleber (born 2 September 1955 in Reutlingen) is a German journalist and former lawyer. He anchored heute-journal, an evening news program on ZDF, one of Germany's two major public TV stations. He is also known for his expertise in United States politics and German-American relations, as evidenced by his 2005 bestseller Amerikas Kreuzzüge ("America's Crusades").

Early life

Claus Kleber was born in Reutlingen, Germany. He attended the Otto Hahn Gymnasium in Bergisch Gladbach, completing his Abitur in 1974. During his schooling, Kleber freelanced as a local reporter for the newspaper Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. From 1974, he studied law at the University of Tübingen, spending two semesters abroad in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1978 and 1979. In the autumn of 1980, Kleber passed his first Staatsexamen in law: this was followed by further training in Stuttgart. In 1983 he completed his second Staatsexamen, followed by extended dissertation research stays in New York City and Washington, D.C., for which he was awarded scholarships from Studienstiftung and DAAD. After this, he worked as a lawyer for a law firm in Stuttgart, specializing in commercial law and competition law. In 1986, he completed his PhD in law under Thomas Oppermann at the University of Tübingen.

Career

Radio and television

Kleber financed his 14 semesters of studying law as a free-lancing radio reporter and anchor for SWF (a public service station). After completing his PhD, Kleber became a journalist and worked during the 1980s as a Washington correspondent for Deutschlandfunk (DLF), a German public broadcaster. In the spring of 1989, Kleber returned to Germany as Chief Editor of RIAS, a major broadcaster in  Berlin under the control of the United States Information Agency.

From 1990 he worked for 12 years as Senior Correspondent and Bureau Chief for ARD, one of the two nationwide German public television networks. There he got interviews with all US Presidents in that period. Donald Rumsfeld and Colin Powell. In June 2002, Kleber moved as ARD Bureau Chief to London.

A few months into the new job, he received an offer to become managing editor and principal anchor of heute journal, the 30 minute late evening news show of ZDF, the other public television channel beside the ARD. one of Germany's leading television news programs. In 2014, he interviewed US President Barack Obama. In June 2021, he announced that he would leave ZDF at the end of the year.

Documentaries
Kleber is also a documentary filmmaker. With his long-standing professional partner, Angela Andersen, he has created documentary films, including India – Unstoppable (2006) for the DVD-market.

They later also made Documentaries for broadcasting, such as The Bomb (2009), about nuclear threats in the 21st century, Machtfaktor Erde (2011) on climate change. HUNGER! and DURST! (thirst) is a 2-part documentary (2014) showcased globally the challenge and efforts to feed a 10 billion –humanity by 2050.

2019, their 90min report on the situation of Human Rights (Unantastar / Inviolable) won Silver New York Film Festival 2017 and was nominated for Best Documentary at the Monaco Film Festival.

2021, ZDF aired "We have the better story" Kleber's 40-minute conversation with US president Barack Obama about his achievements and shortcomings.

Books
Kleber's book Amerikas Kreuzzüge ("America's crusades") won the 2005 Corine Literature Prize for best non-fiction work. Shortly before the 2008 presidential election, Kleber published an updated edition with his views on the candidates. In 2012 Kleber published Spielball Erde about global strategic consequences of Climate Change.

Further information
Since 2015, Claus Kleber also works as an Honorary Professor at his alma mater, the University of Tübingen. He is a member of Atlantik-Brücke, an invitation-only organisation promoting cultural, economic and military co-operation between Germany and the USA.

Recognition
Kleber is the recipient of several awards, including the Media prize of the Johanna Quandt Foundation (1998) for excellence in economic reporting, the RIAS Berlin committee TV prize (1997, 1999 and 2003), and the Deutscher Fernsehpreis (the German equivalent of the American Emmy) in 2005, 2006 and 2013 (heute journal as best German news program). Claus Kleber and his ZDF partner anchor Marietta Slomka were awarded the prestigious Grimme Prize in 2009 for their merits on the evolution of television. In 2010, he won the Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Award for Outstanding Journalism. His work in documentaries on global challenges (with Angela Andersen) received the Deutscher Fernsehpreis for The Bomb in 2009 and the Bayerischer Fernsehpreis for HUNGER! DURST! in 2015. In a 2018 survey conducted by Forsa Institute, he was voted Germany's most trusted news presenter.

Awards

 1998: Preis der RIAS Berlin Kommission für die Fernsehproduktion Pioneer Square (ARD-Studio Washington zusammen mit Tom Buhrow, Sabine Reifenberg)
 1999: Fernsehpreis der RIAS Berlin Kommission für die Produktion Oh Gott, Amerika! Glaube, Seelen, Scharlatane (ARD-Studio Washington zusammen mit Tom Buhrow, Georg Kellermann, Sabine Reifenberg)
 1999: Herbert Quandt Medien-Preis der Johanna-Quandt-Stiftung
 2004: Hildegard von Bingen Prize for Journalism
 2004: Fernsehpreis der RIAS Berlin Kommission für die Produktion Allmacht Amerika. Die Welt im Griff (ZDF, zusammen mit der Filmemacherin Angela Andersen)
 2005: Corine, internationaler Literaturpreis für das Buch Amerikas Kreuzzüge – Was die Weltmacht treibt
 2006: Carl-Schurz-Plakette der State Legislative Leaders Foundation
 2005: Deutscher Fernsehpreis für die beste Moderation einer Informationssendung
 2006: Deutscher Fernsehpreis für die Moderation der „Besten Informationssendung“ (ZDF spezial: Krieg ohne Ende)
 2006: Luchs des Monats (Juli) für das Jugendbuch Nachrichten, die Geschichte machten. Von der Antike bis heute
 2008: Nominierung für den Bambi 2008 (Kategorie Moderation)
 2008: Politikjournalist des Jahres 2008 von Medium Magazin
 2009: Adolf-Grimme-Preis des Jahres 2009 – Besondere Ehrung des Deutschen Volkshochschul-Verbandes (gemeinsam mit Marietta Slomka)
 2009: Deutscher Fernsehpreis für die beste Reportage (Die Bombe), gemeinsam mit Angela Andersen
 2010: Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Preis für Fernsehjournalismus
 2010: Krawattenmann des Jahres
 2013: Goldene Kamera (Beste Information – Bester Anchorman)
 2013: Karl-Carstens-Preis des Freundeskreis der Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik e. V.
 2015: Bayerischer Fernsehpreis zusammen mit Angela Andersen als Autoren der zweiteiligen Dokumentation Hunger! Durst! (ZDF)
 2017: Schöne Neue Welt – Wie Silicon Valley unsere Zukunft bestimmt, Silver World Medal. New York Film Festival 2017, nominiert „Beste Dokumentation“ beim TV Festival Monte Carlo, Special Selection „Science Film Festival“

Bibliography

Kleber, Claus and Paskal, Cleo (2012). Spielball Erde. Machtkämpfe im Klimawandel. (in German) (original ed.). München: C. Bertelsmann Verlag. .

External links
 Portrait at zdf.de (German)

References

1955 births
Living people
People from Reutlingen
Jurists from Baden-Württemberg
German journalists
German male journalists
20th-century German journalists
21st-century German journalists
German male writers
German broadcast news analysts
ZDF people


Hermenegildo Galeana (1762–1814) was a hero of the Mexican War of Independence.

Hermenegildo Galeana may also refer to:
Hermenegildo Galeana, Chihuahua, a town named in his honour
Hermenegildo Galeana, Puebla, a municipality
ARM Hermenegildo Galeana, two vessels of the Mexican Navy

See also
Galeana (disambiguation)


Crepidula, commonly known as the slipper snails, slipper limpets, or slipper shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae. This family includes the slipper snails (Crepidula), hat snails (Calyptraea), spiny slipper snails (Bostrycapulus),  and cup-and-saucer snails (Crucibulum) as well as Crepipatella, Siphopatella, Grandicrepidula, and Maoricrypta.

These recent changes in the definition of Crepidula are based on both DNA sequence data as well as anatomical work.  Dissections of various calyptraeids show that species that are now placed in Grandicrepidula and Maoricrypta are anatomically very different from the true Crepidula.  If only the shells are examined this difference is not apparent.  This distinction is supported by DNA sequence data from 3 genes (COI, 16S and 28S).

The genus Crepidula is probably the best studied group within the calyptraeids.  A variety of species are commonly used in developmental, ecological, and behavioral research.  They have been the major focus of research on protandrous sex-change in marine invertebrates and have been used to demonstrate that sex change is environmentally mediated (the timing of sex change depends on association with other individual snails). Crepidula fornicata and Crepidula onyx are well-studied examples of invasive, exotic species in marine habitats.

Due to their simple shells and plastic morphology, calyptraeid taxonomy is challenging.  In many cases distinct species with similar-looking shells have been lumped into a single species with either global or unusual distributions.  In these cases close examination of the mode of development or of DNA data is vital to verify the species identity.  Because such taxonomic lumping is difficult to clear from the internet or from the literature many species range estimates available on the internet include dubious data or data from species that have been taken out of synonymy.

Species

Species within the genus Crepidula include:

 Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
 Crepidula aeola Dall, 1927
 Crepidula aplysioides Reeve, 1859
 Crepidula arenata Broderip, 1834
 Crepidula argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000
 Crepidula atrasolea Collin, 2000
 Crepidula badisparsa Collin, 2005
 Crepidula cachimilla Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004
 Crepidula carioca Simone, 2006
 Crepidula cerithicola (C.B.Adams, 1852)
 Crepidula complanata Krauss, 1848
 Crepidula convexa Say, 1822 - synonym: Crepidula glauca
 Crepidula coquimbensis Brown & Olivares, 1996
 Crepidula cymbaeformis Conrad, 1844
 Crepidula depressa Say, 1822
 Crepidula derjugini Golikov & Kussakin, 1962
 Crepidula excavata Broderip, 1834
 Crepidula fimbriata Reeve, 1859
 Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common slipper shell, common Atlantic slippersnail, boat shell, quarterdeck shell.
 Crepidula glottidiarum Dall, 1905
 Crepidula goreensis Gmelin, 1791
 Crepidula huertae Collin, 2019
 Crepidula incurva (Broderip, 1834)
 Crepidula intratesta Simone, 2006
 Crepidula lessonii (Broderip, 1834)
 Crepidula maculosa Conrad, 1846
 Crepidula margarita Simone, 2006
 Crepidula marginalis  Broderip, 1834
 Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829
 Crepidula naticarum Williamson, 1905
 Crepidula navicella (Lesson, 1831)
 Crepidula navicula (Mörch, 1877)
 Crepidula nivea C.B. Adams, 1852
 Crepidula norrisiarum Williamson, 1905
 Crepidula nummaria Gould, 1846
 Crepidula onyx G. B. Sowerby I, 1824 - onyx slippersnail
 Crepidula perforans Valenciennes, 1846
 Crepidula philippiana Gallardo, 1977
 Crepidula plana Say, 1822
 Crepidula porcellana (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Crepidula protea (d'Orbigny, 1841)
 Crepidula pyguaia Simone, 2006
 Crepidula rostrata C. B. Adams, 1852
 Crepidula striolata Menke, 1851
 Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula ustulatulina Collin, 2002
 Crepidula williamsi Coe, 1947
 Crepidula wolfae Collin, 2019

Species brought into synonymy
 Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
 Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791) sensu Zenetos et al.2004: synonym of Bostrycapulus odites Collin, 2005
 Crepidula acuta H. C. Lea, 1842: synonym of Crepidula convexa Say, 1822
 Crepidula adspersa Dunker, 1846: synonym of Crepidula porcellana Lamarck, 1801
 Crepidula bilobata Reeve, 1859: synonym of Crepidula lingulata Gould, 1846: synonym of Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846)
 Crepidula calceolina Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula californica Tryon, 1886: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
 Crepidula calyptraeiformis Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Bostrycapulus calyptraeiformis (Deshayes, 1830)
 Crepidula candida Risso, 1826: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula capensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1835: synonym of Crepipatella capensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
 Crepidula cataldi Parenzan, 1970: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula coei Berry, 1950: synonym of Crepidula naticarum Williamson, 1905
 Crepidula contorta Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Maoricrypta monoxyla (Lesson, 1830)
 Crepidula costata G. B. Sowerby I, 1824: synonym of Maoricrypta costata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1824)
 Crepidula costata Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Maoricrypta costata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1824)
 Crepidula costulata Dunker, 1852: synonym of Crepidula incurva (Broderip, 1834)
 Crepidula crepidula (Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula depressa Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Crepidula dilatata Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
 Crepidula deshayesii de Folin, 1867: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula desmoulinsi Locard, 1886: synonym of Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829
 Crepidula dilatata Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
 Crepidula dorsata (Broderip, 1834): synonym of Crepipatella dorsata (Broderip, 1834)
 Crepidula excisa Philippi, 1849: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
 Crepidula explanata Gould, 1853: synonym of Crepidula perforans (Valenciennes, 1846)
 Crepidula exuviata Reeve, 1859: synonym of Crepidula perforans (Valenciennes, 1846)
 Crepidula fasciata de Roissy, 1805: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula fecunda Gallardo, 1979: synonym of Crepipatella peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)
 Crepidula fissurata G. B. Sowerby II, 1883: synonym of Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846)
 Crepidula foliacea Broderip, 1834: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
 Crepidula gibbosa Defrance, 1818: synonym of Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829
 Crepidula glauca Say, 1822: synonym of Crepidula convexa Say, 1822
 Crepidula grandis Middendorff, 1849: synonym of Grandicrepidula grandis (Middendorff, 1849)
 Crepidula gravispinosa Kuroda & Habe, 1950: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
 Crepidula hochstetteriana Wilkens, 1922 : synonym of † Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton, 1873)
 Crepidula immersa Angas, 1865: synonym of Maoricrypta immersa (Angas, 1865)
 Crepidula incurva Zittel, 1864: synonym of † Crepidula wilckensi Finlay, 1924 : synonym of Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton, 1873) †
 Crepidula italica Defrance, 1818: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula lamina H. C. Lea, 1843: synonym of Crepidula plana Say, 1822
 Crepidula lingulata Gould, 1846: synonym of Crepipatella lingulata (Gould, 1846)
 Crepidula lirata Reeve, 1859: synonym of Crepidula incurva (Broderip, 1834)
 Crepidula maculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832:  synonym for Sigapatella novaezelandiae.
 Crepidula minuta Middendorff, 1849: synonym of Crepidula nummaria Gould, 1846
 Crepidula monoxyla (Lesson, 1831): synonym of Maoricrypta monoxyla (Lesson, 1830)
 Crepidula nautiloides Lesson, 1832: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
 Crepidula navicelloides Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Crepidula nummaria Gould, 1846
 Crepidula nebulata Mabille, 1895: synonym of Crepidula nivea C. B. Adams, 1852
 Crepidula orbella Yokoyama, 1920: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
 Crepidula orbiculata Dall, 1919: synonym of Crepipatella orbiculata (Dall, 1919)
 Crepidula osculans C. B. Adams, 1852: synonym of Phenacolepas osculans (C. B. Adams, 1852)
 Crepidula pallida (Broderip, 1834): synonym of Calyptraea pallida Broderip, 1834
 Crepidula patagonica d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of Crepipatella patagonica (d'Orbigny, 1841)
 Crepidula patula Deshayes, 1830: synonym of Crepipatella peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)
 Crepidula peruviana Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)
 Crepidula plana (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
 Crepidula pulchella Aradas, 1846: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula rhyssema Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Crepidula plana Say, 1822
 Crepidula riisei Dunker, 1852: synonym of Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Crepidula rostriformis Gould, 1846: synonym of Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
 Crepidula rugosa Carpenter, 1856: synonym of Crepidula onyx G. B. Sowerby I, 1824
 Crepidula rugulosa Dunker, 1846: synonym of Crepipatella capensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
 Crepidula sandaliformis de Serres, 1830: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula sandalina Deshayes, 1833: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula scabies Reeve, 1859: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
 Crepidula sinuosa Turton, 1825: synonym of Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822
 Crepidula solida Hinds, 1844: synonym of Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
 Crepidula squama (Broderip, 1834): synonym of Crepidula striolata Menke, 1851
 Crepidula strigellata Dunker, 1853: synonym of Crepidula striolata Menke, 1851
 Crepidula sulin Dautzenberg, 1912: synonym of Crepidula porcellana Lamarck, 1801
 Crepidula tomentosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Bostrycapulus aculeatus (Gmelin, 1791)
 Crepidula uncata Menke, 1847: synonym of Crepidula adunca G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
 Crepidula uncinata Philippi, 1887: synonym of Crepidula dilatata Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822)
 Crepidula virginica Conrad, 1871: synonym of Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Crepidula walshi Reeve, 1859: synonym of Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859)
 † Crepidula wilckensi Finlay, 1924: synonym of  † Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton, 1873)
 Crepidula youngi (Powell, 1940): synonym of Maoricrypta youngi Powell, 1940

Species that were previously placed in the genus Crepidula but have subsequently been removed from the genus on the basis of work by Bruce Marshall of the Te Papa Museum and Rachel Collin of the Smithsonian Institution include the following:

Now Maoricrypta:
 Crepidula costata is a synonym for Maoricrypta costata - ribbed slipper shell
 Crepidula youngi (Powell, 1940)
 Crepidula wilckensi Finlay, 1924
 Crepidula immersa G. F. Angas, 1867

Now Grandicrepidula:
 Crepidula grandis Middendorff, 1849: synonym of Grandicrepidula grandis (Middendorff, 1849)
Grandicrepidula collinae  Marshall

Now Siphopatella:
 Crepidula walshi L. A. Reeve, 1859

Synonyms:
 Crepidula maculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832: synonym of  Crepidula aculeata (Gmelin, 1791)

Ecology
Like all calyptraeids, slipper snails are sedentary filter-feeders. Adults use their large gill to capture microalgae from suspension, but there is some evidence that small juveniles can also use the radula to scrape algae from the substrate.

Introduced and invasive Crepidula species
Crepidula fornicata -  Native to the east coast of North America and ranging from Florida north into Canada.  This species is now widespread and considered highly invasive along the north coast of Spain and France, along much of England's coastline and into the North Sea.  It has also been reported from San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound and the Mediterranean Sea.

Crepidula convexa -  Native to the east coast of North America and ranging from South Carolina to New England.  This species has been reported from Puget Sound and San Francisco Bay.

Crepidula onyx - Native to the Southern coast of California and northern Pacific coast of Mexico. This species is now widespread and considered highly invasive in Asia. It has been reported from Korea, Japan and Hong Kong.

References

Collin, R. 2003. The Utility of Morphological Characters in Gastropod Phylogenetics: An Example From the Calyptraeidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4: 541–593
Collin, R. 2003. Phylogenetic Relationships Among Calyptraeid Gastropods and Their Implications for the Biogeography of Marine Speciation. Systematic Biology, 5: 618–640.
Collin, R. 2002. Another Last Word on Crepidula Convexa With a Description of C. Ustulatulina N. Sp. (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) From the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1: 177–184.
Collin, R. 2000. Phylogeny of the Crepidula plana (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) cryptic species complex in North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 78: 1500–1514.
 Hoagland, K.E. 1977. Systematic review of fossil and recent Crepidula and discussion of the evolution of the Calyptraeidae. Malacologia 16(2): 353-420
 Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp. (
 Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

External links

  Hoagland K.E. 1983. Notes on type specimens of Crepidula (Prosobranchia: Calyptraeidae) in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 135: 1–8.
 pfds on calyptraeid taxonomy

Calyptraeidae
Gastropod genera
Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck


ARM Hermenegildo Galeana may refer to one of the following Mexican Navy ships:

 , the former American  USS Sage (AM-111); acquired by the Mexican Navy in November 1973; classed as a ; renamed Mariano Matamoros (P117) to free her name for the former USS Bronstein (FF-1037), c. 1993; in active service
 , the former American  USS Bronstein (FF-1037); acquired by the Mexican Navy in November 1993; classed as a ; in active service

Mexican Navy ship names


The Čapljina Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant (PSHPP) or pumped hydroelectric energy storage power plant (PHESPP) type of hydroelectric power plant, whose powerhouse (generation hall, generating station or generating plant) is situated underground near Svitava, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It's one of country's largest hydroelectric power plants of any type, having an installed electric capacity of 420 MW.

Lake Vrutak is artificial reservoir on the Trebišnjica river in Popovo Polje, near Hutovo village, and serves as compensation and storage basin for Čapljina Pump-Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant.

See also
Lake Vrutak
Svitavsko Lake
Hutovo Blato
Popovo Polje
Trebišnjica
Neretva

References

Vanjski linkovi

 Čapljina portal umrli

Hydroelectric power stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Underground hydroelectric power stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Čapljina
Lower Horizons Hydroelectric Power Stations System
Trebišnjica
Hydroelectric power stations in the Neretva basin
Trebišnjica river damming and regulation controversy


The Grabovica Hydro Power Plant is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's largest hydro power plant having an installed electric capacity of 117 MW. It was commissioned is 1982, and is operated by JP Elektroprivreda BiH.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hydroelectric power stations in the Neretva basin


Jack Robinson Jr. (September 18, 1928 – December 15, 1997) was an American photographer and stained glass designer. Robinson was freelance photographer for Vogue and The New York Times from the 1950s to the early 1970s before he left New York to return home to the American South and pursue a career as a stained glass designer.

Photography career
Jack Uther Robinson Jr. was born in Meridian, Mississippi on September 18, 1928 to Jack Robinson, Sr. and Euline Jones Robinson.  The family soon moved to Clarksdale, Mississippi, where Jack attended Clarksdale public school and graduated in 1946. In Clarkesdale Robinson is said to have been somewhat shy and reclusive, often choosing to stay at home and paint and draw rather than socialize with peers.  It was during those years that he began to develop a talent for photography.  Late in 1946 Robinson left Clarksdale to attend Tulane University in New Orleans, initially planning to pursue a career in medicine.

It was in New Orleans that Robinson began his career in photography.  Much of his early work was shot in the French Quarter where he documented street scenes and vibrant nightlife.  He frequented Dixie's Bar of Music, a Bourbon Street club which was a center of the New Orleans gay community in the 1950s and 1960s, and hangout of artists and writers such as Lyle Saxon, Tennessee Williams, Truman Capote, and Gore Vidal.  During this period he refined his talent as a photographer, capturing portraits of notable figures of the southern bohemian art and culture scene in New Orleans, and documenting the gay community's involvement in Mardi Gras. This involvement would segue into the formation of the first gay Carnival krewe, the Krewe of Yuga in 1958.

In the summer of 1954 Robinson travelled to Mexico with Betty Parsons (the famous New York art dealer), Dusti Bongé (Abstract Expressionist painter), and his partner Gabriel Juridini, and photographed scenes of Mexican life. At Parsons' encouragement, he moved to New York probably in the spring  of 1955 to pursue a career in fashion photography. He was quickly recognized as an emerging talent and was sought out by top designers in the fashion industry.  In 1959 he shot his first major cover for a fashion special for Life Magazine.  In the late 1950s he began free-lancing for the New York Times under style editor Carrie Donovan.  His relationship with Donovan proved to be important for Robinson.  When she left the newspaper in 1965 to work for Vogue, she brought Robinson with her.

At Vogue Robinson shot regularly for the running sections "Vogue's own Boutique," a monthly feature that utilized celebrities as models in various boutiques around New York, and "People are Talking About," a feature that profiled up and coming personalities in arts, entertainment, and politics. He worked closely with editor Diana Vreeland, who recognized his talent early on. Additionally, he contributed photographs to many other Vogue articles.  It was at Vogue that Robinson photographed many of his most famous subjects including Elton John, Joni Mitchell, Jack Nicholson, and Cher.  Robinson remained at Vogue for the duration of his time in New York, amassing a large body of work between 1965 and 1972.

Robinson's career as a photographer was not, however, to continue past the early 1970s.  In the late 1960s he began frequenting Andy Warhol's Factory in Manhattan and his lifestyle gradually shifted towards the excesses that were typical of the Factory scene of the era.  By 1972 he had developed a serious drinking problem and his professional career and financial stability began to unravel as a result.  After Vreeland was fired from the magazine and his partner Gabriel suddenly passed away, Robinson's once steady flow of work had slowed to a trickle by the end of 1972 .  Facing financial problems he left New York and moved south to Memphis, Tennessee.  His career as a professional photographer was over, and it was a part of his life that Robinson would seldom speak of in years to come.  He became an intensely private person.  For reasons not at all clear, he seemed determined to remain anonymous.  He once confided in a friend that "he wanted a coffee table book after he was dead, but he just didn't want any limelight while he was alive."

Stained glass career
Back in Memphis Robinson pulled his life back together.  He joined Alcoholics Anonymous, quit drinking, and began working for a local stained glass studio ran by Dan Oppenheimer, the Rainbow Studio.  His primary work was in designing church windows, which can be seen today in churches across the American South.  His most notable achievement in the stained glass field was winning the international competition for the design and fabrication of the stained glass windows in the Danny Thomas chapel at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis.

Legacy
By the early 1970s Jack had established himself as one of the leading fashion and portrait photographers in the world.  In 1974, Vogue unveiled a retrospective of "50 Years of Women in Vogue". Newsweek magazine covered the show and printed a two-page spread that featured six photographs: one by Richard Avedon, two by Irving Penn, one by George Hoyningen-Huene, one by Edward Steichen, and one by Jack Robinson.  Robinson's work was clearly regarded as among the best of his contemporaries.  In 2007, New York fashion magazine MAO MAG published an article entitled "Who was Jack Robinson?" in which they profiled Robinson and his career.  They wrote:
In his 17 year career, Jack Robinson was one of the editorial world's most accomplished photographers (in fact, one of Diana Vreeland's favorites) and had exclusive access to film actors, music stars, fashion designers, artists, sports figures, politicians, and socialites via his assignments for Vogue, The New York Times, and Life but his self exile from New York in 1973 and his determination never to talk about his prolific past continues to shroud his career in mystery.
Today, Robinson is being recognized posthumously for his talent, and his work has been shown in galleries around the world including Staley-Wise Gallery in New York, Getty Gallery in London, and Bryant Gallery in New Orleans.

Publications
 Jack Robinson On Show: Portraits 1958-72, 2011 (Foreword by Cybill Shepherd; introduction by George Perry)
 Howard Philips Smith, A Sojourn in Paradise: Jack Robinson in 1950s New Orleans, 2020 (Foreword by Emily Oppenheimer)

Notable photographs
Celebrity:
 Joni Mitchell in Peasant Dress with Guitar, 1968
 Jack Nicholson, Clasped Fingers, 1970
 James Taylor, Outstretched Arm, 1969
 The Who, Jump, 1969
 Elton John, at the Piano, 1970
 Gloria Vanderbilt and Family at Home, 1972
 Cher in Fur at the Walforf, 1970
 Andy Warhol and Gerard Malanga with Movie Camera, 1965
 Everly Brothers First Album Cover, 1958

Fashion:
 Suzy Parker in White Fur, 1959
 Anne St. Marie in Elizabeth Arden Gown, 1959
 Wilhelmina in Choker for Life Magazine, 1959
 Emilio Pucci, Scaffold with Models, 1960
 Lauren Hutton in Studio, 1972
 Berry Berenson for Charlie Perfume Campaign, 1972

References

External links
 Jack Robinson Archive. http://www.robinsonarchive.com/
 MAO Mag http://www.maomag.com/
 Staley-Wise Gallery http://www.staleywise.com/
 Getty Gallery http://www.gettyimagesgallery.com
 Bryant Gallery http://www.bryantgalleries.com/

20th-century American photographers
Fashion photographers
American portrait photographers
Commercial photographers
Tulane University alumni
People from Meridian, Mississippi
1928 births
1997 deaths
American stained glass artists and manufacturers