Foggerty's Fairy, subtitled "An Entirely Original Fairy Farce", is a three-act farce by W.S. Gilbert based loosely on Gilbert's short story, "The Story of a Twelfth Cake", which was published in the Christmas Number of The Graphic in 1874, and elements of other Gilbert plays. The story concerns a man who, with the help of a fairy, changes a small event in his past to try to save his engagement to the girl he loves. This leads to profound changes in his present, and he finds that matters are even worse than before.

Foggerty's Fairy opened at the Criterion Theatre in London on 15 December 1881. Charles Wyndham, the manager of the Criterion, starred as the lead character, Frederick Foggerty. Despite Wyndham's star power, interest in the play's bold and original premise and reviews that were at least partly positive, the play was not a success. It closed on 6 January 1882 after about 25 performances. Disappointed, Gilbert turned back to writing comic operas with Arthur Sullivan.

Background

Genesis
By the time Foggerty's Fairy premiered, Gilbert and Sullivan had already written half a dozen comic opera hits. Since 1877, however, Gilbert had not written a successful play apart from Sullivan. Gilbert wrote Foggerty's Fairy for British actor Edward Sothern, who had commissioned two earlier plays from Gilbert, Dan'l Druce, Blacksmith and The Ne'er-do-weel. Sothern had not been satisfied with The Ne'er-do-weel, despite various rewrites, and he refused the piece. He had already paid Gilbert for the play, and Gilbert was unable immediately to pay him back. After various discussions between Gilbert and Sothern, Gilbert agreed to let Sothern play his recent comedy success, Engaged, in America and promised to write a new play for him.

In the autumn of 1879, Sothern was on one of his lengthy American tours. He intended to open the new Gilbert play at the Park Theatre in New York in the spring of 1880. The Era wrote in October 1979 that "It is proposed, during Mr Sothern's [American] engagement, to bring out revivals of The Crushed Tragedian, Dundreary, and David Garrick, the new comedy by Mr Gilbert being reserved for the spring engagement." At the same time, Gilbert was also busy rehearsing his American productions of H.M.S. Pinafore, the world premiere of The Pirates of Penzance and touring companies to play these and The Sorcerer, as well as British revivals of two of his plays.

On 29 February 1880 The Era reported: "Mr Sothern says that, although his new comedy, by Mr Gilbert, has cost him 3,000 guineas, he would not take 6,000 guineas for it now. It is a piece of the wildest absurdity ever perpetrated, and all the parts are immense." Obviously by that date Sothern had received an early version of the play and was enthusiastic about it. The same issue of The Era states that definite plans had been made for Sothern to appear at the Gaiety Theatre, London in Foggerty's Fairy, as the new play was now called, in October 1880, after the end of his American tour. Sothern did not produce the play in the spring, and scholar Andrew Crowther speculates that Gilbert was late in completing it. In addition, Sothern had been ill for much of the time since the autumn, although he fulfilled his performing commitments.

Sothern came to England for a six-week holiday in June 1880, still planning to produce Foggerty's Fairy in New York. After one illness and a short European tour, Sothern fell seriously ill in the autumn. His health declined until he died in January 1881 never having performed the play but leaving behind a heavily annotated copy. Sothern's sister, Mary Cowan, was the beneficiary of Sothern's will. Sothern's widow contested the will, and it took Cowan until 31 May to probate it. Gilbert contacted Cowan soon after Sothern's death and offered her his help. He suggested that she "underlet" Foggerty's Fairy to him for £525 and half of whatever he received for it until she had been paid 1,500 guineas. The play was first offered to comic actor J. L. Toole, but the deal fell through, and Gilbert next offered the play to actor Charles Wyndham, who was then manager of the Criterion Theatre. After Gilbert had settled these financial dealings with Mrs. Cowan, she wrote to him: "Allow me to say that of all the people with whom I have had any dealings in reference to money since my Brother's death, you have treated me with the greatest kindness & fairness & I feel grateful to you for sparing me any trouble or anxiety."

Foggerty's Fairy includes a mixture of several elements that Gilbert had used in earlier work. The main device of the fairy magic, which changes a small event from the past and leads to unexpected consequences, came from a short story, "The Story of a Twelfth Cake", which Gilbert had first published in the Christmas number of The Graphic in 1874. This novel plot elements anticipates numerous fantasy and science fiction stories like Back to the Future. Gilbert slightly modified the story and renamed it Foggerty's Fairy when he republished it in his 1890 collection of stories and essays, Foggerty's Fairy and Other Tales. Although this plot device is retained in the play, the plot of the play is almost completely changed. The device of transformation by supernatural aid is one of Gilbert's favourites. Gilbert uses it in The Sorcerer, The Mountebanks and many of his other works. In addition, Gilbert used elements from his earlier plays The Wedding March (1873) and Tom Cobb (1875). In addition, several lines from the play appear in various Gilbert and Sullivan operas. The Ko-Ko, Nanki-Poo and Yum-Yum exchange from The Mikado, about lovers being too affectionate in front of another man who loves the woman, is used in the first act of Foggerty's Fairy. The "romantic" old lady, Malvina de Vere, is described as "having the remains of a fine woman about her", as is Ruth in The Pirates of Penzance.

Productions
By October 1881, Gilbert was rehearsing Foggerty's Fairy at the Criterion. At the opening night on 15 December 1881, Arthur Sullivan was in the audience. He found the play "ingenious, but unsatisfactory—like a dream". Audience reaction was favourable enough that Gilbert took a curtain call. The critics agreed that the piece was bold and original but uneven. The idea of the parallel universes conjured by the fairy was novel and intriguing but bewildering to audiences and critics, who were required to remember the original state of affairs and compare them to the magically transformed one. We are used to this type of story in plays and films today, but it was unprecedented and shocking in 1881.

Wyndham's performance was praised, and the play must have generated considerable interest: On 24 December, the drama critic of The Illustrated London News had not yet seen the play, but had heard that the play was "brilliantly successful, and will probably have a very long run; so there will be plenty of time to criticise it at leisure after the feverish pantomimic Boxing-Night week. I hear the Fairy spoken of on all sides as one of the wittiest and as the most ingenious and daring of Mr Gilbert's dramatic productions." Unfortunately, he never published his review – Fogerty's Fairy closed on 6 January 1882, before the next edition of his weekly paper. It was not a success, playing only about 25 performances.

After the play's failure, Gilbert decided to concentrate on his work with Sullivan. Five days after it closed, Gilbert and Sullivan signed a new five-year agreement with Richard D'Oyly Carte to produce more operas together, and then they went to Sullivan's home to discuss their next piece, another work about fairies, Iolanthe. Foggerty's Fairy still receives occasional amateur productions and rare professional ones.

Synopsis

Act I
In the Talbot drawing room, it is the morning of the marriage of Foggerty, a young pharmacist, to Jenny Talbot, a childhood friend. She will only marry a man who has never loved before because she doesn't want to "have a heart at second-hand". She was previously engaged to Foggerty's gloomy friend, Walkinshaw, but Foggerty informed her that Walkinshaw had been engaged to another woman, and so Jenny broke their engagement. Jenny's father, a "wholesale cheesemonger", and her guests do not much like Foggerty, and the best man, Walkinshaw, still bears a grudge. Foggerty has not told Jenny that he has another fiancée in Melbourne, Delia Spiff, a rich old woman who is a distant relative of Jenny's. Despite her wealth, however, he got cold feet and returned to London. Walkinshaw notes a newspaper report that Spiff has just arrived in England.

Foggerty is afraid that Spiff will ruin his marriage, but a fairy guardian named Rebecca arrives and offers help. Foggerty wishes that Spiff did not exist. She gives Foggerty a magic elixir that will change a past event in his life. Rebecca warns him that all the consequences of any event changed by the elixir will also be changed and that this may lead to unanticipated results. He promises to use caution. She also gives him pills that he can swallow before summoning her. Now Spiff arrives and claims Foggerty in marriage. Jenny calls off the engagement, Walkinshaw is pleased, and in desperation Foggerty drinks the elixir.

Act II
Fairy Rebecca awakens Foggerty, and he finds himself in a different drawing room. As a consequence of the obliteration of Spiff, Rebecca has never met Foggerty before. He overhears Jenny's bridesmaids talking and deduces that he is about to marry Jenny. Malvina de Vere, a "stately lady of middle age and tragical demeanour" meets Jenny, now in her wedding dress. Malvina has previously had 18 lovers, all of whom had left her, though not before paying substantial damages in breach of promise lawsuits. She believes that her 19th lover is unfaithful but hopes that lover 20 will marry her. Jenny invites her to her wedding reception.

It turns out that Jenny is about to marry Walkinshaw, rather than Foggerty, although she does not love him. Foggerty sees Jenny in her wedding dress and tries to kiss her, annoying Walkinshaw. After Foggerty understands the situation, he tells Jenny that he loves her. She says that she has always loved him, but he never declared his feelings, and now it is too late. He understands that, in his earlier reality, he had come together with Jenny only as a consequence of fleeing Spiff. Foggerty roughs up Walkinshaw for stealing his girl, but realises the cause and is dejected. Walkinshaw and Talbot doubt his sanity. Meanwhile, Jenny overhears Malvina calling her lawyer, who says that her 19th lover is to be married later that day, and so she is free to marry her number 20. She mentions her 19th lover's name: Walkinshaw! Jenny terminates her engagement to Walkinshaw, throwing herself into Foggerty's arms. Malvina sees Foggerty and tells him that she can marry him now – he is lover number 20. Jenny faints, and Foggerty flees with Malvina in pursuit.

Act III
Hours later, both return to Walkinshaw's parlour, exhausted. Jenny's father has called the doctors to report that Foggerty has gone mad. He instructs Walkinshaw to keep him there until he can be hauled off to the asylum, but Walkinshaw hides from Malvina. Threatened with a suit for staggering damages, and having lost Jenny, Foggerty decides to marry Malvina. He also explains to Malvina that he has lost his memory of the past. Talbot comes back with the doctors and Blogg, an asylum attendant. Blogg is instructed to stay and watch Foggerty but not to contradict him in any way. Foggerty deduces that Blogg is a policeman, and by the time he finishes asking Blogg about the crime that he himself must have committed, he thinks that he and Walkinshaw murdered the latter's aunt. Now he believes that he will be "hanged first and confined in a lunatic asylum afterwards".

He summons Rebecca using one of the pills, but she is not his fairy as a consequence of the elimination of Spiff. After some blackmailing (he has 47 pills left!), he points out some inconsistencies in the consequences of the magic. He persuades her to restore matters to their original state, but without Spiff. She does so, and the scene is transformed to daylight in the Talbot's home. All ends happily, with Foggerty to marry Jenny and Walkinshaw to marry Malvina.

Critical reception
The drama critic of The New York Times wrote:

"Whether the piece was successful or not remains to be seen. Opinions differ. The audience was not enthusiastic. It laughed and it applauded. A portion of it hissed, but this portion was a miserable minority. The farce is in three acts. If it were in one it would be highly entertaining. In three it becomes tedious.... Unless set to music by Sullivan [Gilbert's] dramatic Bab Ballads are unbearable. You see all their ugly points, observe all their inhumanity.

The critic of the Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News wrote:

"The first act... is occupied in a very fresh illustration of a familiar subject. For the hand of pretty Jennie Talbot, the sentimental daughter of a wholesale cheesemonger, there have been two rivals, Foggerty and Walkinshaw.... The... business-like air of the fairy, the incredulity of Foggerty, and the means by which a charm is made to work through a pill and a draught — all these combine to render this unique scene irresistibly ludicrous. It is, of course the very crux of the play, and if it were either misunderstood or resented the rest could not possibly succeed.

The spell itself and its consequences are certainly less easy to work out effectively than was the case with the famous spell in The Sorcerer.... After this the fun soon becomes fast and furious — too furious to be in our judgment characteristic of the author's happiest manner. There is certainly a good deal of drollery in Foggerty's interview with Malvina de Vere, and their friendly steps towards an action for breach of promise. But there is almost too much of it, and there is certainly too much of the satire upon mad-doctors and their ways which occurs when Foggerty's friends believe him demented, and try to get a certificate to that effect from Dr. Lobb and Dr. Dobb. The climax, therefore, which is brought about when the hero takes a pill, summons the fairy once more, and brings matters back to their status quo, is very welcome, for towards the last the fun is felt to be flagging. The mad dream has been almost too long as well as too elaborate in its absurdities. This fault, if it be found to exist, can, of course, be readily remedied, as there seems no real need for the hero's false confession, à la Topsy, of a crime which he never committed.

It would be difficult to say too much in praise of the spirit, the appreciation, and the judgment, with which Foggerty's Fairy is acted at the Criterion by all concerned.... But, above all, Mr. Wyndham's services in connection with the production are worthy of note. He has to keep Foggerty at fever pitch throughout, and yet never to abandon the tone of light comedy".

Original cast
 Frederick Foggerty – Charles Wyndham
 Walkinshaw – George Giddens
 Talbot (a wholesale cheesemonger) – W. Blakeley
 Dr. Lobb and Dr. Dobb (mad doctors) – A. Maltby and H. H. Astley
 Blogg (a mad keeper) – A. Redwood
 Uncle Fogle – A. M. Denison
 Walker and Balker (wedding guests) – Edward H. Bell and Alexander Verton
 The Fairy Rebecca – Rosie Saker
 Jennie Talbot (Engaged in Act I to Foggerty and in Act II to Walkinshaw) – M. Rorke
 Miss Delia Spiff (a matter-of-fact old lady) – M. Daly
 Tottie and Lottie (Jennie's bridesmaids) – F. Harrington and K. Rorke
 Aunt Bogle – Mrs A. Mellon
 Miss De Vere (a romantic lady) – Mrs. John Wood

Notes

References
 Adams, William Davenport (1904). A Dictionary of the Drama, Chatto & Windus

 Pemberton, T. Edgar. (1889) A Memoir of Edward Askew Sothern, London: Richard Bentley & Son

External links
 Script of Foggerty's Fairy, The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive
 Links to materials about Foggerty's Fairy at The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive
 Review of Foggerty's Fairy in The Times, 26 December 1881

1881 plays
Plays by W. S. Gilbert
Plays about fairies and sprites


Fitzroy F. A. Bedeau (born August 29, 1944) is a politician and former police officer from the island of Grenada.  From 1998 until 2005 he served as the commissioner of the Royal Grenada Police Force. In 2004, he dealt with the chaos that resulted from Hurricane Ivan hitting Grenada, which eventually resulted in at least 12 deaths.

In 2008, he stood for the Parliament of Grenada on the New National Party ticket. In July 2008, he was charged with assault after an altercation with a female student who criticized his behavior.

References

1944 births
Living people
Grenadian police officers
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
People from the British West Indies


The Elcar Seven Passenger Sedan-8-80 was manufactured by Elkhart Carriage Company of Elkhart, Indiana.

Elcar Seven Passenger Sedan-8-80 specifications (1926 data)

 Color – Light or dark coach blue or Thebes gray
 Seating Capacity – Seven
 Wheelbase – 127 inches
 Wheels – Steel or wood
 Tires - 32” x 6.20” balloon
 Service Brakes – Hydraulic, contracting on four wheels
 Emergency Brakes – Contracting on front universal
 Engine  - Eight cylinder, vertical, cast en bloc, 3-1/8 x 4-1/4 inches (260.78 c.i.d.; 4.273 liters); valves in side; H.P. 31.25 N.A.C.C. rating
 Lubrication – Full force feed
 Crankshaft - Five bearing
 Radiator – Cellular type
 Cooling – Water pump
 Ignition – Storage Battery
 Starting System – Single Unit
 Voltage – Six
 Wiring System – Single
 Gasoline System – Vacuum
 Clutch – Dry plate
 Transmission – Selective sliding
 Gear Changes – 3 forward, 1 reverse
 Drive – Hotchkiss
 Springs – Semi-elliptic
 Rear Axle – Three-quarter floating
 Steering Gear – Cam and lever

Standard equipment
New car price included the following items:
 combination tail and stop lights
 two lights on instrument board
 electric horn
 speedometer
 ammeter
 oil gauge
 motometer
 automatic gasoline gauge on instrument board
 bumpers front and rear
 snubbers all around
 automatic windshield wiper
 rear vision mirror
 cowl ventilator
 extra rim and carrier
 pump
 jack
 tools
 repair kit
 robe rail
 foot rail
 enclosed models have heaters

Optional equipment
The following was available at an extra cost:
 none listed

Prices
New car prices were F.O.B. factory, plus Tax:
 8-80 Five Passenger Touring - $2165
 8-80 Seven Passenger Touring - $2265
 8-80 Four Passenger Open Roadster - $2315
 8-80 Three Passenger Coupé Roadster - $2315
 8-80 Five Passenger Sedan - $2265
 8-80 Seven Passenger Sedan - $2765
 8-80 Five Passenger Brougham - $2865

See also
 Elcar

References
Source:

Cars of the United States


Jeffrey W. Smith is Director, Program for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Center on Proteolytic Pathways, Tumor Microenvironment at of the Burnham Institute. Smith earned his Ph.D. in biological sciences at UC Irvine in 1987. Following postdoctoral training at The Scripps Research Institute, he was appointed to their staff in 1991. Smith was recruited to The Burnham Institute in 1995.

See also
 Nanotechnology
 The Proteolysis Map

References

External links
 Burnham Institute for Medical Research: Jeffrey W. Smith Faculty page
 Jeffrey W. Smith, Selected list of publications via PubMed, (NIH National Library of Medicine)

Scripps Research
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Clarice Modeste-Curwen is a politician and educator from Grenada.  A member of the New National Party, she has served in the Parliament of Grenada since 1999, and previously served as Minister of Health and the Environment.

References

 Candidate profile on party website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Foreign ministers of Grenada
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
Female foreign ministers
20th-century Grenadian women politicians
21st-century Grenadian women politicians
Women government ministers of Grenada
20th-century Grenadian politicians
21st-century Grenadian politicians


Anthony Boatswain is a politician from Grenada.  A member of the New National Party, he served for a time in the office of prime minister Keith Mitchell before being elected to the House of Representatives of Grenada.  He has also served as Minister of Finance, Trade, Industry and Planning, and more recently as Minister for Economic Development and Planning.

References
Candidate profile on party website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
Finance ministers of Grenada
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The Child Maintenance and Enforcement Commission was a non-departmental public body established to take responsibility for the child maintenance system in Great Britain.

The Commission’s primary objective was to maximise the number of effective child maintenance arrangements (private or statutory) in place for children who live apart from their parents. Under the 2010 UK quango reforms, the Child Maintenance and Enforcement Commission became the Child Maintenance Group external organisation working for the Department for Work and Pensions, who now have responsibility for its functions.

Functions
The Commission had three publicly stated functions:

 to promote the financial responsibility that parents have for their children;
 to provide information and support on the different maintenance options (Child Maintenance Options);
 to provide an efficient statutory child maintenance service with effective enforcement (Child Support Agency).

History
During 2008, the Commission began to offer information and support on the different child maintenance options available to parents. The Commission also provided an efficient statutory child maintenance service with improved assessment, collection and enforcement processes. The new enforcement powers were introduced from 2009/10. These changes aimed to ensure parents take responsibility for providing financial support for their children where they have access to them, or indeed do not.

The Commission was abolished on 30 July 2012, but despite its functions being subsumed back into the Department for Work and Pensions, the 'Child Maintenance Group' continues to operate using the client-facing brand name of the Child Support Agency for those using the 1993 and 2003 statutory schemes.

The new '2012 Scheme' is branded as the Child Maintenance Service and began limited intake of new cases on 10 December 2012.

References

External links
 Official website

Defunct non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government
Department for Work and Pensions
Child support
Child welfare in the United Kingdom
Family law in the United Kingdom
2008 establishments in the United Kingdom


Gentry Densely is an American singer, guitarist and songwriter. A longtime fixture on Salt Lake City, Utah's punk, metal and experimental music scenes, Densely has been involved in numerous bands but is best known for leading the groups Iceburn, Ascend and Eagle Twin. Critic Gregory Heaney describes him as "One of music's great scientists".

Biography
A Salt Lake City native, Densley is a graduate of the University of Utah in music composition. His first notable group was Iceburn (1991–2001), which initially started as a punk/metal power trio with progressive rock flourishes before moving into free jazz and free improvisation. During the Iceburn era, Densley became friends with Greg Anderson; Iceburn released a split e.p. with Anderson's group Engine Kid before Anderson formed of Goatsnake and Sunn O))). The pair later collaborated in the experimental doom metal project Ascend.

In 2007 Densley formed Eagle Twin, who released their debut on Southern Lord Recordings in 2009.

His younger brother, Tyler Densley, was the singer for hardcore band Lewd Acts.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male singers
American heavy metal singers
American heavy metal guitarists
American male songwriters
20th-century American composers
Musicians from Salt Lake City
University of Utah alumni
Guitarists from Utah
Songwriters from Utah
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians


Critical thermal maximum, in zoology, is the temperature for a given species above which most individuals respond with unorganized locomotion, subjecting the animal to likely death. This concept is particularly relevant in periods of aestivation or quiescence, in which circumstances an organism experiences limited mobility and lacks the ability to seek a microhabitat of reduced thermal stress.

See also
 Aestivation
 Physiology
 Torpor

Line notes

References
 Roy W. McDiarmid and Ronald Altig (1999) Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae, p 202, University of Chicago Press

Animal physiology


Roland Bhola (born 5 September 1967) is a politician from Grenada. He has served in the Senate of Grenada, and has been the island's Minister of Sport on multiple occasions. He is a member of the New National Party.

References
Candidate profile on party website

1967 births
Living people
Members of the Senate of Grenada
Members of the House of Representatives of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)


Burton is a small village in the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wiltshire, England. Kelly's 1915 Directory of Wiltshire identifies Burton as the most important part of the parish of Nettleton. It is about  west of Chippenham.

History
There is a record of Burton dating back to AD 1204, and more recently in Book 44 – Wiltshire, of the Topographical Collections of John Aubrey, 1659–70.

Causeway
An evaluation excavation in 2005 confirmed the presence of a causeway next to the top (east–west) section of Church Hill, comprising several phases of stone surfacing approximately 2.6m wide, built on to a 4m wide bank of redeposited natural clay. Although limited dating evidence was recovered, the causeway appears to have been in use by the 17th century, and may well be medieval in origin. The causeway seems likely to have been used until the construction of a dry-stone wall along its centre line in the 19th or 20th century. A possible early road surface extending beneath the modern lane was also identified and, although poorly dated, its construction and use appear to have been broadly contemporary with the causeway.

St Mary's Church

The Church of St Mary the Virgin, which stands on the hill above the hamlet of Burton, is the oldest and most important building in the village, and is a Grade I listed building. The oldest parts of the church date from about 1290 although little remains from that period. The Register of Incumbents dates back to 1305 when the Abbot of Glastonbury presented Johannes de Montacute to the living. The Manor and Advowson of Netlington belonged, until the Dissolution, to Glastonbury Abbey. The church is now in the ByBrook Benefice in the rural deanery of Chippenham, archdeaconry of Malmesbury, and the present patron is the Bishop of Bristol.

The National Association of Decorative and Fine Arts Society has published a Church Record for St Mary's, providing an extensive and detailed formal record of the contents of the church, and many aspects of the building.

The external walls of the nave and aisle date from the 14th century and in 1460 a general re-modelling of the church took place which included re-roofing the church, the building of the chancel and the erection of the north and south porches. The 15th-century tower is one of several in this area, and has a western doorway over which is a quaint stone hood forming a shallow porch.

The north porch is richly vaulted within, and is surmounted externally by a panelled and battlemented parapet. On the cornice beneath are a number of grotesques to carry off the roof water: two at each side. A much-worn stoup for holy water is against the inner doorway. The door itself is the original one and still retains a large handle and escutcheon of the original ironwork. The door is fitted with a Banbury lock, the earliest form of church lock. This type of lock is one in which the lock's metal components are separately fitted into a block of wood which forms the frame.  There are two keys: the smaller, possibly the older, is 230 mm long, and weighs 483g; the larger is 317mm long, weighing 858g.

The south doorway is an early example of Early English work and has a curious canopied niche over the apex with flanking buttresses in which are carved two small human figures. The priest's door is in the north wall of the chancel chapel, as the rectory is on this side of the church, and has over it externally a curious little projecting hood. Above the chancel arch is a picturesque stone sanctus bell-turret with panelled sides surmounted by a short broach spirelet with foliated finial. The ceiled wagon roof is tiled in Cotswold stone.

Interior
The earliest feature of the church is the circular Norman font, the lower part of which is formed like a scallop-capital with fish-scale ornamentation above.

The north aisle, which has three Georgian box pews, is a 14th-century copy of Norman work. The arches of the nave rest on the round columns which have sculptured capitals, all of them different. Here is a fine array of thirty or forty figures and faces below the roof and on the arches. Most are human, with a few grotesques. Some of them are corbels holding up the roof. The bench table (stone bench) on the inside of the north wall is of particular interest and probably dates from the 13th century.

Most of the ancient glass was destroyed by Oliver Cromwell's men in the Fanatique Tymes, as John Aubrey put it, but some fragmentary pieces remain in the north aisle windows, mainly heraldic forms. They show Royal Arms, Scrope, Badlesmere, Dunstanville and Paulet among others. The families represented were all at one time or another associated with the manor of Castle Combe, though the Paulet arms occur all over South and West England.

The 14th-century aisle terminated in line with the chancel arch. When the aisle was lengthened, the original three-light east window with reticulated tracery was reconstructed in the present 15th century east wall, and the square-headed three-light windows inserted in the north wall, and two in the south wall of the nave. Arthur Mee's description of the church in 1939 describes the nave as 'filled with box pews', but these have been reconstructed at some unknown date into pews of a normal height.

The Royal Arms over the chancel arch, which by law after the Restoration had to be displayed, is interesting as it is in the form used by the Georges until 1801. These were the last of the Royal Arms to display the Arms of France in the second quarter.

The pulpit is of stone, with 15th-century stone carving. The stone steps up to it are 600 years old. The altar is crowned with a late 19th-century reredos, which is a Doulton terracotta panel of the Last Supper by George Tinworth. The altar rails are 17th-century with vertically symmetrical balusters. There is a heraldic wall monument beside the altar with marks of lightning on it, to Samuel Arnold, a 19th-century rector for 40 years. Some restoration work was carried out in 1900 and again in the 1970s when a fire destroyed much of the work just finished. Repairs were again completed a year later.

In 2009, the pews and pew platform were removed in the west end of the church, and a new stone floor laid over the earth floor underneath. This revealed that one of the beams supporting the pew platform was very old, hand carved and part painted – possibly part of the rood screen that many churches had before the Protestant Reformation.

The church possesses several pieces of silver, including a flagon, chalice, paten and paten cover, most of which date from the 17th and 18th century. Memorials include a brass commemorating the eight men of the parish who died while serving in the First World War.

Bells
The tower holds six bells which were restored and rehung by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough on a new steel frame in 1982 below the old wooden frame, displacing the old ringing chamber, thus the bells are now rung from the base of the tower. The tenor bell is c.1410, from the Worcester foundry; two others are 17th-century.

The tenor bell has an unusual border. Ornamental borders of foliage or arabesques between the words or on other parts of the bell are hardly ever found on mediaeval bells. The only other instances in an English church are believed to be on the tenor at Hereford Cathedral (about 1450), and a bell at Bintry, Norfolk (about 1530).

In the churchyard
There are 24 listed monuments in the churchyard, all chest tombs with a Grade II listing. Also here is the war grave of Private Edwin Kent, who lived at The Gib while employed by a Burton coal merchant until he enlisted in the 2nd Wiltshire in January 2015. He died in October of that year, aged 32, after being wounded during an advance in Flanders, and was given a military funeral.

In the churchyard are also the graves of Captain John Russell Compton Domvile (1856–1893) and Eva Kathleen Domvile (1868–1897), children of Reverend Charles Compton Domvile (1816–1898) who was Rector of St Mary's. This branch of the Domvile family is descended from Charles Pocklington Esquire MP who succeeded his Uncle Sir Compton, and took the name and arms of Domville.

Notable buildings
St Mary's Church is the only Grade 1 listed building in the parish.

Burton Farmhouse, now known as The Old Farmhouse, is situated at the bottom of Church Hill, and is a Grade 2 listed building. It is late 17th or early 18th century. The Plume of Feathers, now known as The Old Plume, is also Grade 2 listed. It is late 17th or early 18th century.

Another old building is Chestnut Cottage, which used to be the old forge. Also, part of the Old Rectory, now a private house, dates from 1605, although in common with the other old buildings, it has been substantially extended and altered over the generations.

Amenities
The modern community has an active Anglican church, St Mary's, and a public house, The Old House at Home. It is served by two nearby Church schools, Bybrook Valley CofE School in Yatton Keynell (4 miles away) and Trinity CofE School in Acton Turville (1 mile).

The Burton Community Association was founded in 2014 and is a registered charity. It has built and maintains a children's play area; it provides a defibrillator and volunteers trained in its use and in CPR; it has a group which organises activities to maintain and improve the village appearance; and a community safety and crime prevention group which operates a Community Speed Watch scheme and supports the work of the police.

References

External links

 Burton Village website

Villages in Wiltshire


The half-elf is a player character race featured in Dungeons & Dragons and related material.

Publication history

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition
The half-elf appeared as a player character race in the original Player's Handbook (1978). The half-elf also appeared in the original Monster Manual (1977). The half-elves of the Dragonlance setting were detailed in Dragonlance Adventures (1987).

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition
The half-elf appeared as a character race in the second edition Player's Handbook (1989). The half-elf also appeared in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), and Monstrous Manual (1993). Options for the half-elf character race were presented in Player's Option: Skills & Powers (1995).  The planar half-elf for the Planescape setting was detailed in The Planewalker's Handbook (1996). The half-breed aquatic elf for the Forgotten Realms setting appeared in Sea of Fallen Stars (1999).

Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition
The half-elf appeared as a character race in the third edition Player's Handbook (2000), and Monster Manual (2000), and in the 3.5 revised Player's Handbook and Monster Manual (2003). The half-human elf was presented in the 3.5 revised Dungeon Master's Guide (2003). Half-elves, including half-aquatic elf and half-drow, were detailed for the Forgotten Realms setting in Races of Faerûn (2003). The aquatic half-elf, the arctic half-elf, the desert half-elf, the fire half-elf, the jungle half-elf, and the half-elf paragon were detailed in Unearthed Arcana (2004). The madborn half-elf of the Eberron setting appeared in Five Nations (2005). The aquatic half-elf appeared again in Stormwrack (2005). The deepwyrm half-drow appeared in Dragon Magic (2006).

Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition
The half-elf appeared as a character race in the fourth edition Player's Handbook (2008) and the Essentials rulebook Heroes of the Forgotten Kingdoms.

Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition
The half-elf appeared as a character race in the fifth edition Player's Handbook (2014).

Description

Half-elves, as their name implies, are the offspring of humans and elves.  Half-elves are a subrace unto themselves, blending the features of human and elf.  Half-elves look like elves to humans and like humans to elves (hence their elven description as "half-human").  They do well with elves, humans, gnomes, dwarves, and halflings, a social ease reflected in racial bonuses to the Diplomacy and Gather Information skills.  In the case of conflicts between elves and humans, however, each side suspects a half-elf mediator of favoring the other. The drow despise them, referring to them as 'Mongrel half breeds'.

The main character of the initial Dragonlance series, Tanis Half-Elven, is a half-elf, as his name implies. In the Dungeons & Dragons Eberron campaign setting, half-elves consider themselves a separate people from humans and elves both and "breed true"; they bear the dragonmarks of Storm and Detection.

Half-Elves have curiosity and ambitions like humans but they have sense for magic and love for nature like their elven parents. Their skin is paler than human skin and they are taller and bigger than elves. Half-Elves have long ears like elves. They live about 180 years.

References

Dungeons & Dragons humanoids
Fictional half-elves


In botany, sessility (meaning "sitting", used in the sense of "resting on the surface") is a characteristic of plant parts (such as flowers and leaves) that have no stalk. Plant parts can also be described as subsessile, that is, not completely sessile.

A sessile flower is one that lacks a pedicel (flower stalk). A flower that is not sessile is pedicellate. For example, the genus Trillium is partitioned into multiple subgenera, the sessile-flowered trilliums (Trillium subgen. Sessilia) and the pedicellate-flowered trilliums.

Sessile leaves lack petioles (leaf stalks). A leaf that is not sessile is petiolate. For example, the leaves of most monocotyledons lack petioles.

The term sessility is also used in mycology to describe a fungal fruit body that is attached to or seated directly on the surface of the substrate, lacking a supporting stipe or pedicel.

References

Plant morphology
Fungal morphology and anatomy


Emmalin Pierre is a politician from the island of Grenada. She served in the Senate of Grenada for five years (November 2003 - July 2008), and was long active in youth development. She served as the country's Minister for Youth Development during her time as a Senator. She was defeated in the 8 July 2008 elections in the constituency of Saint Andrew South East by newcomer Patrick Simmons of the NDC by 30 votes (Simmons 1637 - Pierre 1607). After 2008 she worked throughout the Caribbean as a consultant on youth development with specific focus on the development of youth policies.

In the 19 February 2013 general election, Pierre once again stood against Simmons and this time defeated him by 795 votes (Simmons 1182 - Pierre 1977). She was sworn in on 3 March 2013, once again as Grenada's Minister of Youth with added responsibilities of Sport and Ecclesiastic Affairs. She is Grenada's first female Minister of Sport.
In the March 13th, 2018, general election she once again faced Patrick Simmons and defeated him.

She now serves as Minister of Education.

She is married to ASP Tafawa Pierre of the Royal Grenada Police Force and is the mother of three boys.

References
 Candidate profile on party website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the Senate of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
Women government ministers of Grenada


The Luckiest Man in the World is the ninth studio album recorded by American country music artist Neal McCoy. It was scheduled to be released in January 2003 on Warner Bros. Records, but was never released. The album's only single, which was the title track, peaked at #46 on the Billboard country charts in 2002. "Put Your Best Dress On" was later released by Steve Holy in 2004, whose version went to #26 on the same chart.

Although it was not released, Robert L. Doerschuk of Allmusic reviewed the album. He gave it four stars, saying that McCoy "fills this album with quality material and digs into it with some of his finest singing to date."

Track listing
"Sing" (Brett James, Angelo Petraglia) – 3:55
"The Luckiest Man in the World" (Monty Powell, Eric Silver) – 3:48
"All at the Same Time" (Jim Collins, D. Vincent Williams) – 3:44
"Elvis at the Airport" (Leslie Satcher) – 2:50
"Put Your Best Dress On" (Billy Austin, Dillon Dixon, Don Pfrimmer, Williams) – 3:08
"Mine Is You" (James, Frank Rogers) – 3:22
"Never Got to Say" (Dean Blocker, Noah Gordon, Phil O'Donnell) – 3:47
"Honky Tonk Mona Lisa" (Marcus Hummon, Darrell Scott) – 3:13
"Too Far Gone" (Robert Ellis Orrall, John Bettis, Michael Post) – 3:35
"I'm Your Biggest Fan" (Anthony Smith, Bobby Terry, Chris Wallin) – 4:57

Personnel
David Angell - violin
Jeff Bailey - trumpet
Bob Britt - electric guitar
John Catchings - cello
Lisa Cochran - background vocals
David Davidson - violin
Scott Dixon - electric guitar
Mark Douthit - saxophone
Sonny Garrish - pedal steel guitar
Mike Haynes - trumpet
Wes Hightower - background vocals
Mark Hill - bass guitar
Wayne Killius - drums, percussion
Troy Lancaster - electric guitar
Tim Lauer - keyboards
Lynn Massey - drums, background vocals
Neal McCoy - lead vocals
Chris McDonald - trombone
Chris McHugh - drums, percussion
Lorne O'Neil - bass guitar, background vocals
Ryan Pierce - fiddle, background vocals
Jeffrey Roach - organ, piano
Louis Rodriguez - acoustic guitar
Matt Rollings - organ, piano
Leslie Satcher - background vocals
Steve Segler - keyboards, background vocals
Joey Shamp - background vocals
Eric Silver - fiddle, acoustic guitar, mandocello, mandolin
Jimmie Lee Sloas - bass guitar
Keith Urban - electric guitar
Kristin Wilkinson - viola
Chris Willis - background vocals

References

2003 albums
Neal McCoy albums
Warner Records albums
Unreleased albums


Kennedy Roberts (born 17 June 1962) is a politician and diplomat from Grenada.  He has served as a member of the Senate of Grenada, and has been cultural attached to that nation's embassy in Cuba.  He was born in Petite Martinique to Conrad and Cora Roberts, and is a member of the New National Party. He is married to Nikoyan Roberts and is the father of two children.

References
Candidate profile on party website

1962 births
Living people
Members of the Senate of Grenada
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
Grenadian diplomats
People from Petite Martinique


The 1969–70 South Africa rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland was a rugby union tour by the South Africa national rugby union team to the Northern Hemisphere.

There were a number of anti-apartheid protests throughout the tour.

The controversial tour happened during the apartheid era in South Africa, and came shortly after the D'Oliveira affair. There were protests at many of the matches, by anti-apartheid campaigners, calling themselves 'Stop the Seventy Tour', organised by Peter Hain. Future British prime minister Gordon Brown was the group's Edinburgh organiser.

Matches

Scores and results list South Africa's points tally first.

References

External links
 International results at ESPN
 Sports campaigns carried out by the Anti Apartheid Movement

Further reading
Geoff Brown and Christian Hogsbjerg, Apartheid is Not a Game: Remembering the Stop The Seventy Tour campaign (Redwords, 2020)
Peter Hain, Don't Play with Apartheid: The Background to the Stop the Seventy Tour Campaign (1971)

1969 rugby union tours
1970 rugby union tours
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969–70 in European rugby union
1969–70 in English rugby union
1969–70 in Welsh rugby union
1969–70 in Scottish rugby union
1969–70 in Irish rugby union
1969 in South African rugby union
1970 in South African rugby union
Rugby union and apartheid
Sports scandals in England
Sports scandals in Scotland
Sports scandals in Ireland
Sports scandals in Wales
Ireland–South Africa sports relations
South Africa–United Kingdom sports relations


Ann David-Antoine (born July 6, 1949) is a Grenadian politician, nurse, and midwife.  She has served as the island's Minister of Health, Social Security, the Environment and Ecclesiastic Relations, and is a Justice of the Peace.  David-Antoine is a member of the New National Party, and serves as well as a justice of the peace.  She has lectured in health studies at Uxbridge College.

References
Candidate profile on party website

1949 births
Living people
Members of the Senate of Grenada
Government ministers of Grenada
New National Party (Grenada) politicians
Women government ministers of Grenada


Serghei Stroenco (22 February 1967 – 24 December 2013) was a Moldovan professional footballer and manager. Serghei Stroenco has played a record number of 445 games in Moldovan National Division. He died in Vladimirovca at the age of 46 on 24 December 2013.

International career
Stroenco has made 46 appearances for the Moldova national football team.

Honours

As player
Tiligul Tiraspol
Divizia Națională
Runner-up (6): 1992, 1992-93, 1993-94, 1994-95, 1995-96, 1997-98
Moldovan Cup (3): 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994-95
Runner-up (2): 1992, 1995-96

As coach
Zimbru Chișinău
Divizia Națională
Third place (1): 2011-12
Moldovan Cup
Quarter finals (1): 2011-12

Other facts
Serghei Stroenco was one of the 11 Moldovan football players challenged and beaten by Tony Hawks and features in his book Playing the Moldovans at Tennis.

References

External links

 Profile at KLISF

 IN MEMORIAM Serghei Stroenco (Foto/Video) at zimbru.md
 In Memoriam Serghei Stroenco RIP (22.02.67 - 24.12.13). Media-set at Facebook

1967 births
2013 deaths
Soviet men's footballers
Moldovan men's footballers
Moldova men's international footballers
Moldovan Super Liga players
FC Zimbru Chișinău players
CS Tiligul-Tiras Tiraspol players
FC Zimbru Chișinău managers
Men's association football defenders
Moldovan football managers
Moldovan Super Liga managers


The 1986 Los Angeles Raiders season was their 27th in the league. They were unable to improve upon the previous season's output of 12–4, winning only eight games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the first time in five seasons. This would also be Ray Guy's final season of his Hall of Fame career with the Raiders.

The 1986 season was marked by highly competitive games (only four of the Raiders' sixteen regular season games were decided by more than a touchdown). The campaign also marked the end of storied quarterback Jim Plunkett's career. After starting the season 0-3, the Raiders proceeded to win eight of their next nine games before losing their final four games to miss the playoffs.

Offseason

NFL Draft

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Schedule

Season summary

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5 at Chiefs

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

 Dokie Williams 5 Rec, 107 Yds

Standings

References

Los Angeles Raiders seasons
Los Angeles Raiders
Los


Sessility is the biological property of an organism describing its lack of a means of self-locomotion. Sessile organisms for which natural motility is absent are normally immobile. This is distinct from the botanical concept of sessility, which refers to an organism or biological structure attached directly by its base without a stalk.

Sessile organisms can move via external forces (such as water currents), but are usually permanently attached to something. Organisms such as corals lay down their own substrate from which they grow. Other sessile organisms grow from a solid object, such as a rock, a dead tree trunk, or a man-made object such as a buoy or ship's hull.

Mobility
Sessile animals typically have a motile phase in their development. Sponges have a motile larval stage and become sessile at maturity. Conversely, many jellyfish develop as sessile polyps early in their life cycle. In the case of the cochineal, it is in the nymph stage (also called the crawler stage) that the cochineal disperses. The juveniles move to a feeding spot and produce long wax filaments. Later they move to the edge of the cactus pad where the wind catches the wax filaments and carries the tiny larval cochineals to a new host.

Reproduction
Many sessile animals, including sponges, corals and hydra, are capable of asexual reproduction in situ by the process of budding. Sessile organisms such as barnacles and tunicates need some mechanism to move their young into new territory. This is why the most widely accepted theory explaining the evolution of a larval stage is the need for long-distance dispersal ability. Biologist Wayne Sousa's 1979 study in intertidal disturbance added support for the theory of nonequilibrium community structure, "suggesting that open space is necessary for the maintenance of diversity in most communities of sessile organisms".

Clumping

Clumping is a behavior in sessile organisms in which individuals of a particular species group closely to one another for beneficial purposes, as can be seen in coral reefs and cochineal populations. This allows for faster reproduction and better protection from predators.

Predominance in coastal environments
The circalittoral zone of coastal environments and biomes are dominated by sessile organisms such as oysters. Carbonate platforms grow due to the buildup of skeletal remains of sessile organisms, usually microorganisms, which induce carbonate precipitation through their metabolism.

Botanical sessility
In anatomy and botany, sessility refers to an organism or biological structure that has no peduncle or stalk. A sessile structure has no stalk.

See: peduncle (anatomy), peduncle (botany) and sessility (botany).

See also
 Anthozoa
 Ediacara biota

References

Animal locomotion
Zoology
Biology


General Butler may refer to:

Arthur H. Butler (1903–1972), U.S. Marine Corps major general
Benjamin Butler (1818-1893), American lawyer, major general during the American Civil War and later politician
Benjamin Franklin Butler (lawyer) (1795-1858), lawyer, legislator and Attorney General of the United States
Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran (1671-1758), Irish lieutenant general
David Butler (general) (1928–2020), Australian Army major general
Frederic B. Butler (1896–1987), U.S. Army brigadier general
George Lee Butler (born 1939), commander in chief, United States Strategic Command, and the last commander of Strategic Air Command
Hew Butler (1922–2007), British Army major general
James Butler (British Army officer) (died 1836), British Army lieutenant general
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond (1610–1688), Confederate Irish lieutenant general
James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde (1665–1745), British Army general
John Butler (general) (c. 1728–1786), North Carolina Militia brigadier general during the American Revolutionary War
John G. Butler (inventor) (1842–1914), U.S. Army brigadier general
Lesley James Probyn Butler (1876–1955), British Army brigadier general
Matthew Calbraith Butler (1836-1909) Confederate States Army general in the American Civil War U.S. Army general in the Spanish–American War
Mervyn Butler (1913–1976), British Army general
Pierce Butler, 4th Viscount Ikerrin (c.1677–1711), Irish soldier who became a brigadier general under Queen Anne
Richard Butler (general) (1743-1791), American general during the Revolutionary War
Richard Butler (British Army officer) (1870-1935), British Lieutenant-General during the First World War
Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret (1578–1651), Confederate Irish general
Robert Butler (Virginia politician) (1784–1853), Adjutant General of Virginia in the War of 1812
Smedley Butler (1881-1940), major general in the U.S. Marine Corps
Stephen Butler (British Army officer) (1880–1964), British Army major general
William Butler (British Army officer) (1838–1910), British Army lieutenant general
William Butler (1759–1821) (1759–1821), South Carolina Militia major general
William Orlando Butler (1791-1880), American General during the Mexican War, U.S. Congressman and vice-presidential nominee

See also
General Butler (ship), a sailing canal schooner that sank in Burlington Bay, Vermont, in 1876
Attorney General Butler (disambiguation)


Career
Jemal was born in M'saken, Tunisia.

On 11 June 2009, Jemal was linked with a move to French club FC Nantes on a four-year contract. This move would have reunited him with his former coach Gernot Rohr, but the transfer was later cancelled. On 7 May 2010, he announced his resignation from Etoile du Sahel and signed with BSC Young Boys. Jemal started the first leg of their Champions League Playoff against Tottenham Hotspur because of an injury to regular center back Emiliano Dudar.

On 30 August 2011, Jemal went on loan to 1. FC Köln for one year followed by a call back and buy option.

International goals
Scores and results list Tunisia's goal tally first.

References

External links

Living people
1987 births
Men's association football defenders
Tunisian men's footballers
Étoile Sportive du Sahel players
Club Africain players
BSC Young Boys players
1. FC Köln players
AC Ajaccio players
Al Fateh SC players
Al-Arabi SC (Qatar) players
Al-Sahel SC (Saudi Arabia) players
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
Swiss Super League players
Bundesliga players
Saudi Pro League players
Qatar Stars League players
Saudi First Division League players
Tunisian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in France
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Tunisian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Tunisia men's international footballers
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players


Hannibal TV (Tunisian Arabic: ) is a Tunisian television network. It has been broadcasting since 2005. The channel ceased operations on July 3, 2019. The channel resumed operations on October 2, 2020, but it was ceased operations again on October 29, 2020.
The channel has been resume operations again from December 28, 2021.

History
On February 13, 2004, Tunimedia SARL was granted a 10-year renewable broadcasting license against a royalty of two million dinars per year. The group of the Tunisian millionaire Larbi Nasra launched Hannibal TV on February 12, 2005, at 7:00 pm (Tunisian time) but its official launch took place only on 13 February (date of the first anniversary of the granting of the broadcasting license to chain). The programs began with an hour late on the schedule announced by a reading of the Koran followed by a reading of a letter of the presidency of the republic and a multicast gala throughout the evening.

The channel takes its name from a reference to the Carthaginian general Hannibal and was the first private television channel in Tunisia until the creation of Nessma in 2007.

A partnership agreement with France Télévisions was signed on 23 February 2007. Under the terms of the contract, Hannibal TV would cooperate with the French group in the field of advertising and program production and secondly of a communications consultancy that would focus on attracting foreign advertisers.

In 2008, the Hannibal TV group launched two new channels: Hannibal Orient for the Middle East market and Hannibal Elferdaws devoted to religious programs. As a result of financial problems, these two channels ceased broadcasting two years later.

In November 2013, Larbi Nasra sold almost 90% of the capital of the chain. Tarek Kadada, a Saudi Arabian-born Palestinian, held 49 percent of the capital and became the main shareholder of the channel. The rest of the capital is held by Tunisian investors: Noureddine Hachicha, Mongi Makni, Habib Makni and Imed Ghaïth.

In June 2019, The team of the channel learned that the Nessma channel was closing its doors under the order of Haica, so they sacrificed themselves, Haica decided not to close Nessma so it was Hannibal TV that decided to close it. The channel ceased operations on July 3, 2019.

The channel resumed operations on October 2, 2020. The channel ceased operations again on October 29, 2021.

The channel resumed operations temporarily from December 28, 2021 until the regularization of its situation within a period not exceeding June 30, 2022 due to the agreement between the channel and HAICA.

References

External links

 Official Facebook page

French-language television networks
Television stations in Tunisia
Television channels and stations established in 2005
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2019


Richard M. Rompala (born 1947) is an American executive currently on the board of directors of the Olin Corporation. He was chairman of Valspar from February 1998 until his retirement in July 2005. He had previously served as both CEO and president of Valspar. Rompala's leadership is credited with significantly expanding Valspar's international business operations, where it had previously been a primarily North American business.

Early life and education
Richard Rompala was born in 1947 to a working-class family on Pittsburgh's strongly Eastern European South Side. Rompala's steelworker father eventually moved the family to Ambridge, Pennsylvania.

In 1964, Rompala went to Columbia University, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and chemical engineering in 1969. He went on to Harvard Business School where he earned an MBA in 1975.

Management work
Rompala got his first management position at the Olin Corporation, running their flexible urethanes division. He left this position in 1979 to work for Victor Posner and eventually served as a senior vice president of operations at Mueller Brass. In 1985, he went to work for PPG Industries starting as a vice president of corporate development. He was eventually promoted to group vice president of chemicals and then to group vice president of resins and coatings. In 1993, PPG's chairman and CEO, Vincent Sarni was on the verge of retirement, and outside speculation suggested that Rompala was a serious contender to take his place. This, however, did not happen, and Rompala left PPG.

In May 1994, Rompala was elected president of Valspar. On October 30, 1995, he assumed the position of CEO at Valspar, succeeding C. Angus Wurtele in that position. He went on to replace Wurtele as chairman in February 1998, with Wurtele staying on Valspar's board of directors. Rompala's contributions at Valspar enabled them to increase their overseas revenues from 3% in the mid-1990s to nearly 30% by 2004. Rompala accomplished this by opening joint ventures in China, Hong Kong, Brazil, South Africa and Mexico.

In 1998, Rompala went to work on the Olin Corporation's board of directors, where he currently serves as the lead director and chair of the compensation committee. Rompala retired from Valspar as chairman in July 2005.

References

1947 births
American chief executives of manufacturing companies
Living people
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
PPG Industries people
Date of birth missing (living people)


Eternal is a 2004 film about sixteenth-century Countess Elizabeth Báthory "repeating her crimes in modern day Montreal".

Characters
Mark R. Leeper writes that "Néron's exotic lesbian vampire" in Eternal (2004) "is reminiscent of Dracula's Daughter, though her assistant and victim-procurer Irina (Victoria Sanchez) is much less powerful than Sandor was in the earlier film".

Production run
The film premiered in Canada in September 2004.

Reception
Mark R. Leeper gives the film a 6/10, concluding that the film is "polished, sexy, and entertaining, and the art direction is its best aspect. But it is not a film that will stick with the viewer. It is too similar to films like Jack's Back (about Jack the Ripper returning) and several others".

See also
 Stay Alive, another film inspired by the "Blood Countess".

References

External links

2004 films
Canadian vampire films
Cultural depictions of Elizabeth Báthory
English-language Canadian films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films


Nyanzale is a town and a camp for Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in the Rutshuru territory of North Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Nyanzale is about  north of Goma and  south of Kanya Bayonga. It is a small town whose population has more than doubled with the arrival of 20,000 displaced people from nearby villages of Kiwanja, Kinyandonyi, Kiseguru, Kisharo, Nyamilima, Ngwenda, Nyabanira, Kibututu, Umoja and Buturande. They fled in January 2007 out of fear of fighting between the rebels of the Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda and Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo dominated by Laurent N'Kunda's soldiers. They are also avoiding armed bandits that live in the bush. Armed banditry is a problem, since unemployed soldiers and a surplus of small arms from years of fighting are a bad mix. Unicef tries to help the refugees.

Gallery

References

North Kivu


Dudley Noble, who started at the Rover Company in 1911 as a motorcycle tester and competition rider, became one of the British automobile industry's pioneering publicists.

He arranged one of the first ever promotional films to be shot, in 1912, of the Rover motorcycle production and testing, ending with a sequence of him accidentally falling off his motorbike in the middle of Kenilworth ford! Many of his Rover publicity exercises, such as racing the Blue Train, passed into motoring legend.

In January 1930, the Rover name hit the world press when a Rover tried to take on Le Train Bleu on its 750-mile run between Calais and Cannes. The idea of racing the Blue Train was very popular with motor enthusiasts, and each new attempt was received with varying expectations of success. Many had already failed on this mammoth challenge. The act to promote the new Rover Light Six in a headline-grabbing campaign was the brainchild of former motorcycle tester and pioneer publicist Dudley Noble, in which a Light Six was to race the Blue Train across France from Calais to St Raphael on the Côte d'Azur. It was a moderately shameless stunt of him, being safe in the knowledge that the average speed of the famous express was no more than about 40 mph once all its stops and detours were taken into account. To beat the train, Noble had to drive more or less non-stop from Calais to the French Riviera. The Rover Light Six averaged 38 mph on its 750 miles journey to beat the train's expected time of just over 20 hours, which gave the Rover team a 20-minute lead over the train. It had been beaten for the first time and the Rover team became celebrities through the Daily Express.

In March 1930, Bentley Boy Woolf Barnato raised the stakes on Rover and its Rover Light Six having raced and beat Le Train Bleu for the first time, to better that record with his 6½ Litre Bentley Speed Six on a bet of 100 Pound Sterling. He drove against the train from Cannes to Calais, then by ferry to Dover and finally London, travelling on public highways, and won; the H. J. Mulliner-bodied formal saloon he drove during the race as well as a streamlined fastback "Sportsman Coupe" by Gurney Nutting he took delivery of on 21 May 1930 became known as the Blue Train Bentleys; the latter is regularly mistaken for or erroneously referred to as being the car that raced the Blue Train, while in fact Barnato named it in memory of his race.

References

British public relations people
Rover Company
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


The 2008–09 UCI America Tour was the fifth season for the UCI America Tour. The season began on 5 October 2008 with the Vuelta Chihuahua Internacional and ended on 12 September 2009 with the Univest Grand Prix.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI America Tour cycling jersey. Manuel Medina of Venezuela was the defending champion of the 2007–08 UCI America Tour. Gregorio Ladino of Colombia was crowned as the 2008–09 UCI America Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.

The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:
 Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2
 One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

Events

2008

2009

Final standings

Individual classification

Team classification

Nation classification

Nation under-23 classification

External links

UCI America Tour
2009 in road cycling
2008 in road cycling
UCI
UCI
UCI
UCI


The Jungle Captive is a 1945 horror film directed by Harold Young. The film is a sequel to Jungle Woman (1944), which had been preceded by Captive Wild Woman and is the final film in the Cheela, the Ape Woman series. Jungle Captive features Otto Kruger, Amelita Ward, and Rondo Hatton (as a character named "Moloch"). Vicky Lane plays Paula Dupree/Cheela, the Ape Woman.

Plot
The film begins in the laboratory of the eminent biochemist Mr. Stendahl. As his assistants, Ann Forester and Don Young observe, he successfully concludes an experiment to restore life to a dead rabbit. Meanwhile, at the city morgue, Moloch arrives to claim the body of the now-dead Ape Woman. The inquisitive attendant begins checking his credentials and is strangled for his efforts. Moloch escapes unseen with his quarry in a stolen ambulance. He arrives at a desolate house and carries his cargo inside.

The police, led by Inspector Harrigan manage to discover a clue, a medical smock. They trace it to Mr. Stendahl's lab, where Harrigan finds that it belongs to Don. Ann, present during his questioning, offers a fake alibi to cover for her fiancé. Stendahl later abducts Ann and transports her to his secret lab, that contains Moloch and the body of the Ape Woman. He plans to use a portion of Ann's blood to revive the creature. Moloch, enamored with the pretty new houseguest, becomes very protective of her. With her blood, the biochemist is successful in restoring life to the beast. In order to fully prove his theory, he knows he will need to convert her to human form. He sends Moloch to secure the records of the late Dr. Walters, which remain in the possession of Dr. Fletcher. A later dialog exchange reveals that the hapless Fletcher was killed during the theft.

Armed with the recorded knowledge gathered by Dr. Walters, Stendahl utilizes glandular secretions from his captive lab assistant to complete the Ape Woman's metamorphosis. However, the brain of his subject has been damaged and possesses only animal instincts. He determines that a new brain is needed, and decides to use Ann as a donor.

Stendahl departs for his downtown lab, and the now very human Ape Woman wanders away. Moloch cannot locate her on the grounds and goes to Stendahl's office in search of his boss. He finds Don there, but is informed that Stendahl is out. Don notices that Moloch is wearing a fraternity pin that he had given to Ann. He trails Moloch back to the Old Orchard Road house and is captured by Moloch and Stendahl there.

After binding Don to a chair, Stendahl and Moloch attempt to locate the missing Ape Woman. While they are engaged in their search, Don frees himself and tries to escape with Ann. Stendahl and Moloch thwart his efforts and return them to the laboratory. The police make a search of Stendahl's downtown office at the Medical Building. Harrigan finds a utility bill receipt, indicating an Old Orchard Road address, paid by the biochemist. Remembering that the wrecked ambulance was discovered near there, he decides to follow up on the lead.

Don, tied once again to a chair, is forced to watch as Stendahl prepares for his next operation. When Don explains to Moloch that the brain transplant will result in Ann's death, the once-loyal henchman turns on his boss. Stendahl guns him down. Unbeknownst to the scientist, the gunfire causes the Ape Woman to revert to her beastly form. As he continues his preparations, the creature rises from the table and attacks him. With the scientist disposed of, she turns her attention toward the helpless Ann, but is in turn shot by the arriving Harrigan in the nick of time. The film ends with Don and Ann being pulled over by the police and presented with a subpoena for them to appear at the magistrate's office. A closer examination of the document reveals the purpose; to pick up their wedding gift from Harrigan.

Cast

Production
Betty Bryant was signed by Universal to a term contract and was originally chosen for the role of the female lead in The Jungle Captive. One day before production began on the film on August 30, 1944, she told the associate producer of the film Morgan B. Cox that she did not know if she could find a babysitter for her 2-year old on certain nights of scheduled work. On the first day of shooting she came in unprepared and on the second day she appeared 40 minutes late. By September, she had been removed from the film. The role was replaced by Amelita Ward. Production went over schedule by two days, and ended officially on September 16.

Release
The Jungle Captive was released on June 29, 1945. It was re-released under the title Wild Jungle Captive. The Jungle Captive was released on Blu-ray by Scream Factory on June 16, 2020 as the fifth volume in their Universal Horror Collection, along with Captive Wild Woman, The Monster and the Girl and Jungle Woman.

Reception
From contemporary reviews, Bert McCord wrote in New York Herald Tribune that "I have come to the unalterable conviction that I just don't like motion pictures in which a fanatical doctor disinters werewolves wolf-men troglodytes and the like to bring them back to life with dire results [...] even if they were good. I wouldn't like them. But there is no danger of that in the case of Jungle Captive". The American Legion Auxiliary dismissed it as "worthless and gruesome".  In The New York Times, Joelyn R. Littaure commented that Vicky Lane "plays the brainless woman with monosyllabic finesse" and "she grunts and growls as though she thought the whole business to be as stupid as it actually is".

From retrospective reviews, an anonymous reviewer in Fangoria in 1999 wrote that "Jungle Captive is superior to Jungle Woman, but only in the way that one puncutred lung is superior to two". In 1962, Joe Dante included the film in his list of worst horror films list in Famous Monsters. Dante stated that although Otto Kruger gave a good performance, the film "as a whole should have been better, went off the deep end too often".

References

Sources

External links

Cheela, the Ape Woman
1945 films
1945 horror films
American black-and-white films
Universal Pictures films
Films directed by Harold Young (director)
Films about apes
American science fiction horror films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films
English-language horror films


M-Modules are a mezzanine (computer hardware) standard mainly used in industrial computers. Being mezzanines, they are always plugged on a carrier printed circuit board (PCB) that supports this format. The modules communicate with their carrier over a dedicated bus, and can have all kinds of special functions.

M-Modules are standardized as ANSI/VITA 12-1996 expansion cards and are especially suited for adding any kind of real-world I/O to a system in a flexible way. There are modular I/O extensions for all types of industrial computers, from embedded systems up to high-end workstations. The M-Module Interface – a fast asynchronous parallel interface – offers sophisticated functions like 32-bit data bus, burst transfers up to 100 MB/s, DMA and trigger capabilities. M-Modules also offer direct front-panel connection rather than requiring a separate adapter panel with ribbon-cable connections. This provides a clean path for sensitive signals without loss of data or signal quality – using, for example, shielded D-Sub connectors and coaxial cables.

Overview
The mezzanine approach to placing multiple functions in a single card slot has been around for a long time both in proprietary and open standard forms. Valid arguments can be put forth for both of these approaches. The M-Module is one open standard that is gaining increasing popularity for applications in the fields of analog and digital I/O, instrumentation, robotics, motion functions and fieldbuses.  This standard was originally developed in Germany by MEN Mikro Elektronik for VMEbus applications and was soon expanded to support the CompactPCI bus as well. It has been embraced as ANSI/VITA 12-1996.

In addition to the single wide form shown, M-Modules can be developed in double, triple and quadruple wide configurations. Because of the standard's genesis in the VME world it is sized such that 4 fit in a 6U module and 2 in a 3U module. Conveniently, because of the way other backplane standards have evolved, 4 units easily fit the front panel space in VXI and 6U cPCI/PXI while 2 will fit in the front panel space of 3U cPCI/PXI and up to 8 will fit in a 1U LXI rack mount carrier.

At the present time a number of instruments are available in the M-Module form factor in the following categories:

Pulse generators
Function generators
Arbitrary waveform generators
Digital word generators
Digital multi-meters
Counter/Timers
Rubidium sources
OCXO's
GPS timing receivers
Distribution amplifiers
Precision voltage sources
MIL-STD-1553, CANbus, ARINC429
Switching modules
Serial, Analog & Digital I/O

A significant advantage to the M-Module is that it has a relatively straight forward set of electrical and mechanical specifications. This enables an engineer to design a function that might be required without having to become an expert on VXI, PXI or LXI as carriers are available to allow the design to be ported to the backplane or bus of the test system in use.

Supporting the standard
As with any mezzanine card, a means must be provided through which the card may be adapted to a backplane or higher level interface. Such a device is generally referred to as a carrier. These come in two types: non-intelligent and intelligent. The functions performed by the former include the simpler functions such as mounting and providing power as well as the more complex such as providing translation between bus types, protocols, routing of triggers and interrupts and making each mezzanine appear as a separate instrument to the host backplane. Intelligent carriers will generally perform all of the functions of the non-intelligent plus perform pre or post processing of data, allow the combination of multiple instruments into composite instruments that then may be controlled at a higher level, and perform translation of commands from older instruments so as to facilitate replacement of Legacy instruments.

Of equal or greater importance in the support of the mezzanine is the software. The majority of the M-Module instrument types referenced above come with VXI/PXI Plug-and-Play or IVI drivers. However, a number of the more control oriented M-Modules are supported only with C drivers. Actions are underway that are described below which allow application of the Plug-and-Play drivers across multiple platforms.

Benefits of modularity
Perhaps the greatest advantage of an M-Module mezzanine instrument is the ability of both the vendor and the user to become "Platform Agnostic". From the vendor's perspective, it is only necessary to develop one instrument, say a Pulse Generator, and with the use of carriers he can produce the same product into VXI, PXI, VME, LXI and other applications. This greatly reduces development costs when compared to the development of pulse generators for multiple buses.

See also
Data logger
Industrial robot
Versatile Laboratory Aid

References

External links
August 2008, Evaluation Engineering Magazine enews article. ANSI Mezzanine Modules Provide Instrument Design/Replacement Flexibility authored by Dr. Fred Harrison, Gary Guilbeaux, and David Clark of C&H Technologies, Inc.
ANSI/VITA 12-1996, "American National Standard for The Mezzanine Concept M-Module Specification", VMEbus International Trade Association, www.vita.com
July 2011, Mezzanines International

M module


Lou L. LaBrant (May 28, 1888 – February 25, 1991) was an American schoolteacher and writer.
She was president of the National Council of Teachers of English in 1954 and a pioneer in English education,
championing holistic and child-centered approaches to the teaching of reading and writing.

Biography
LaBrant was born in Hinckley, Illinois and started teaching in public high schools and experimental schools in the Midwest. She received her bachelor's degree in Latin at Baker University in 1911. She completed an M.A. at the University of Kansas in 1925, and received her Ph.D. from Northwestern University in 1932.
She created free reading programs and worked as a founding staff member at the University School of the Ohio State University from 1932 until 1942. She taught at New York University from 1942 until 1953. From 1939 until 1943 she was a writer and editor of Journal of Educational Method, where she supported different methodological approaches.

She was president of the National Council of Teachers of English from 1953 until 1954. She was a head of the humanities division at Dillard University from 1958 until 1971, where she put into practice a pre-freshman program for African-American students.

She eventually taught in nearly every state and was the first female professor at Harvard University. With Frieda M. Heller, she started a series for cooperation between teachers and students called Experimenting Together — The Librarian and the Teacher of English. After retiring, she taught at University of Missouri–Kansas City, Clark Atlanta University and Dillard University and, in 1988, she was honored by Baker University for her 100th birthday. In 1962, she received the W. Wilbur Hatfield Award for excellence.

In 1951, her book We Teach English was published.

She died at the age of 102 in 1991 and was cremated.

Writings

 Study of Certain Language Developments of Children in Grades 4-12 Inclusive, L LaBrant - Genetic Psychology Monographs, 1933
 "The Goals for Culturally Different Youth", L LaBrant - Improving English Skills of Culturally Different Youth
 "The Psychological Basis for Creative Writing", L LaBrant - English Journal, 1936 - JSTOR
 "Changing sentence structure of children", L LaBrant - The Elementary English Review, 1934
 "Teaching High-School Students to Write", L LaBrant - English Journal, 1946 - JSTOR
 The uses of communication media, LL LaBrant - M. Willis, 1961
 "An Evaluation of the Free Reading in Grades Ten, Eleven, and Twelve", LL LaBrant - 1936 - Ohio State Univ.
 "An Evaluation of Free Reading in Grades Seven to Twelve, Inclusive", LL LaBrant, FM Heller - Contributions in Education
 "The Content of a Free Reading Program", LL Labrant - 2007 - jstor.org
 "Mental-Health Practices in High-School Grades", L LaBrant - Mental Health in Modern Education

References
 "Blueprints or Houses? Lou LaBrant and the Writing Debate",P. L. Thomas, The English Journal, Vol. 89, No. 3
 Our History, Ourselves (Jan., 2000), pp. 85–89, Published by: National Council of Teachers of English
 "Encyclopedia of Education"

References

1888 births
1991 deaths


George Johnston (born 21 March 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played more than 150 matches in the English Football League.

Life and career
Johnston was born in Glasgow. He began his football career as a junior at Cardiff City, turning professional in 1964 and making his debut at the end of the 1964–65 season at the age of 17. He was part of Cardiff's 1965 Welsh Cup-winning team. The following year he settled into the side and, playing alongside the likes of John Charles and John Toshack, he finished as the club's top scorer with a total of 23 goals. In March 1967, Johnston played in a benefit match for victims of the Aberfan disaster against Arsenal and scored twice against the London club, which persuaded them to offer £20,000 to Cardiff to sign him.

He made his debut for Arsenal on 19 August 1967, against Stoke City, and made 17 appearances in his first season, 1967-68. However, he could not hold down a place in 1968–69 and was dropped to the reserves, where he won a Football Combination winners' medal. Out of the Arsenal first team, he joined Second Division club Birmingham City in the summer of 1969, for a fee of £30,000. He made 25 appearances and scored 3 goals for Arsenal.

Signed as a replacement for Fred Pickering, Johnston failed to hold down a first-team place. A period on loan at Walsall immediately preceded a £6,000 move to Fulham, where he spent two years. A season with Hereford United followed, and one more with Newport County, before, at the age of just 26, he dropped out of league football.

He later settled in Cardiff and worked for a marine engineering company.

Honours
Cardiff City
Welsh Cup: 1965

References

1947 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Cardiff City F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Hereford United F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
English Football League players


East Tuddenham is a village in the English county of Norfolk. The village is located  south-west of Dereham and  north-west of Norwich and is bisected by the A47 between Birmingham and Lowestoft.

History
East Tuddenham's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old English for 'Tuda's' homestead or village.

There is evidence to suggest that East Tuddenham was the site of a Roman settlement, with Roman coins, pottery and the remains of a building with a hypocaust.

East Tuddenham is listed in the Domesday Book as a settlement of 32 households in the hundred of Mitford. In 1086, the village was divided between the estates of Alan of Brittany, Hermer de Ferrers, Ralph de Beaufour and William de Warenne.

During the First World War, RAF Mattishall was used as a night-landing airfield for aircraft of No. 51 Squadron RAF, flying interception missions against German Zeppelins.

Geography
According to the 2007 Breckland Yearbook, East Tuddenham has a population of 515 residents and a land area of .

East Tuddenham falls within the constituency of Mid Norfolk and is represented at Parliament by George Freeman MP of the Conservative Party. For the purposes of Local Government, East Tuddenham is in Breckland.

All Saints' Church
All Saints' Churchtower dates from the Thirteenth Century whilst the nave and chancel date from the Fifteenth Century and are constructed in the Perpendicular style. All Saints' font also dates from the Twelfth Century and features carved vines and foliage around it. All Saints' possesses good examples of Twentieth Century stained glass, particularly depictions of Faith, Hope and Charity by Leonard Walker.

Notable Residents
 Sir George Mellish (1814-1877)- English barrister and judge

References

External links

Breckland District
Villages in Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk


High Voltage Hot Rod Show is a WiiWare game developed by High Voltage Software. It was released in North America on January 19, 2009.

Gameplay
High Voltage Hot Rod Show sees players racing hot rods around a track from an overhead view. The game also incorporates a stunt system to give players boosts that progressively increases their overall speed. The game is played over 6 tracks with 5 racers to choose from. It also includes up to 4 player split-screen offline multiplayer, and a Time Trial mode with online leaderboards.

The game features a number of control options for players, including steering their vehicle with the motion controls of the Wii Remote alone or with the thumbstick on the Nunchuk, with the game also supporting the Classic Controller and GameCube controllers.

Development

High Voltage Hot Rod Show was inspired by games such as R.C. Pro-Am and Micro Machines, with the style of the characters and vehicles taking inspiration from Kustom Kulture and the artwork of Ed Roth and Kenny Howard amongst others.

The game runs on High Voltage Software's Quantum 3 game engine that was used in High Voltage's previous WiiWare game Gyrostarr. The game originally was to feature 8 tracks, but 2 were cut due to Nintendo's WiiWare game size restrictions.

Reception
IGN scored the game a 6/10, noting the "inherently thin" content of the game and citing gameplay that follows a "very shallow, by-the-books design" that lacks polish. Wiiloveit.com gave it a 24/30, praising the "skill-oriented" gameplay, and "compelling trick system", but also commented that the game's lack of depth and "extended replay value" was its biggest flaw.

References

External links
High Voltage Hot Rod Show Game Trailer

2009 video games
Racing video games
Wii-only games
WiiWare games
Wii Wi-Fi games
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
Wii games
High Voltage Software games
North America-exclusive video games
Video games developed in the United States
Multiplayer and single-player video games


Haplogroup IJK is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. IJK is a primary branch of the macrohaplogroup HIJK. Its direct descendants are haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K.

Distribution and structure
IJK has not been reported in modern populations or in ancient human remains. Previously basal paragroup HIJK* was reported in a Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and Upper Paleolithic European (Gravettian), Vestonice16. Later study in 2023 with high quality sequencing of Magdalenian, GoyetQ-2, Gravettian, Vestonice16 were assigned with Haplogroup I.

Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations.
Subclades of IJK are now concentrated in males native to:
Europe (e. g. haplogroups I, J, R and N);
the Caucasus, Near East and North East Africa (e.g. haplogroups J and T);
South Asia (e.g. haplogroups J, L and R);
East Asia，Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Pacific (e. g. haplogroups K, M, O, P, S)
Northern Eurasia, (e.g. haplogroups N and Q) and;
Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R).

Structure

Basic phylogeny
IJK
IJK (L15/S137, L16/S138, L69.1(=G)/S163.1)
IJ (M429/P125, P123, P124, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22)
K (M9, P128, P131, P132)

Phylogenetic tree

† = A basal haplogroup that has not been documented among living individuals.

(Based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research.)

Mutation

L15
The defining SNP L15 is located at Y chromosomal location rs9786139 with the ancestral value being A and the derived value being G.

L16
The defining SNP L16 is at location rs9786714 with the ancestral value being G and the derived value being A.

See also
Haplogroup
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
Haplogroup IJ (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)

References

F-L15


Centralia Big Hanaford power plant is a coal-fired power plant supplemented with natural-gas-fired units. It is located east of Centralia, Washington, United States in Lewis County. It is the only commercial coal-fired power plant in the State of Washington.

The plant, owned by TransAlta, is situated on  and at its peak, generated energy ample enough to power Los Angeles. The plant is expected to permanently close in 2025 based on an agreement and bill signed in 2011 by governor Christine Gregoire, the TransAlta Energy Transition Bill. As a result, one coal boiler was shut down in 2020 as part of beginning phase of the closure.

Generating units

Coal-fired
The two identical coal-fired generating units have a combined capacity of 1,340 MW. Both units started up for commercial operation in August 1971. (Bonneville Power Administration 1980 EIS)

In following the 2011 agreement to close the plant, the first boiler was shut down in 2020 with the second unit planned for closure in 2025. A schedule of emissions reductions were put in place to be met as the closure date nears.  The Washington State Senate approved the deal with a 36–13 vote. To complete this transition, TransAlta received an expedited permit, and is also exempt from any Environmental Impact Assessment that would otherwise be required.

The energy produced until its closure is used by Puget Sound Energy (PSE) and according to 2022 figures, 14.5% of PSE's electric load came from the TransAlta coal plant, enough to supply power to 300,000 homes.

Gas-fired
In 2002, the plant capacity was supplemented with five natural gas-fired units. Four of them are 50-MWe gas turbine (GT) units, and the fifth is a 68-MWe steam cycle unit.  The entire arrangement is known as combined cycle 4-on-1 where the exhaust from the 4 GT's creates steam via Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) to power a single steam turbine. In 2014, the gas fired portion of the plant known as the "Big Hanaford Plant" was removed from the plant footprint and parted out to various buyers.

Fuel supply
Seventy percent of sub-bituminous coal used by the plant was delivered by truck from the nearby Centralia Coal Mine, which was a strip mine and the largest coal mine in the state of Washington, until it closed down on November 27, 2006. Coal from the Powder River Basin in Montana and Wyoming has also been transported by rail to be burned at the plant since 1989, but was only used to supplement Centralia Coal mine coal until 2006. By 2008, the plant was burning 100% Powder River basin coal. Rail upgrades and SO2 scrubber upgrades to ensure the plant releases less pollution would have ensured the operation runs for at least another 15–20 years. Before the closure of unit 1 Centralia burned coal from about nine 110-car coal trains each week (i.e. 990 full coal cars).

Environmental and public impacts
Annually, the Centralia Power Plant emits 350 pounds of mercury pollution, making it the state's largest single source of mercury pollution. Mercury pollution is a bio cumulative neurotoxin which causes brain damage in humans and is especially dangerous for children and pregnant or nursing mothers. The plant also emits 979,557 t CO2e (year 2019), making up a large portion of Washington State's total CO2 emissions.

All of the mining area is currently being reclaimed. When TransAlta bought the plant in 2000, it agreed to reduce emissions. It installed US$200 million worth of scrubbers on the plant, which were purchased from ABB Environmental Systems. Between 2010 and 2012, the Centralia Power Plant was offline for an average of 4 months of each year. In March 2009, a proposed agreement between TransAlta and the Washington State Department of Ecology was announced, regarding a significant step forward in improving air quality in Washington. Key to the agreement is TransAlta's willingness to voluntarily reduce mercury emissions by at least 50 percent by 2012 to address air quality concerns in the region. Capture testing took place in 2009 and an activated injection product was selected. The process was expected to cost US$20 to $30 million over several years. Additionally, continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) for mercury measurement was certified by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC). As part of the same agreement between TransAlta and the Washington Department of Ecology, TransAlta agreed to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxide () by 20 percent beginning in 2009. In 2012, Selective Non Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) system was installed to further reduce  at a cost of almost $20M.

Ownership and contractors
From the early 1970s until 2000, the plant was owned by eight utilities: PacifiCorp (47.5%), Avista Energy (15%), Seattle City Light (8%), Snohomish County PUD (8%), Tacoma Power (8%), Puget Sound Energy (7%), Grays Harbor County PUD (4%), and Portland General Electric (2.5%).

Plans to sell the plant began in 1998. In 2000, Portland General Electric sold its 2.5 percent share to Avista Energy, shortly before the plant was sold in its entirety to TransAlta Corporation for $554 million that same year.

The design and construction of the new plant were by  Stone & Webster and  ABB Environmental Systems.

Future plans
Future plans for the site include the operating of several green energy facilities, including generating power via hydrogen and fusion, and the decommissioning of the Centralia Coal Mine is expected to incorporate renewable energy machinery as the coal plant closes. The company created a $20 million fund for training and educational work programs for remaining employees of the plant.

References

External links
Power Technology – Centralia Power Plant New CCGT Unit, WA, USA

Natural gas-fired power stations in Washington (state)
Coal-fired power stations in Washington (state)
Centralia, Washington
Buildings and structures in Lewis County, Washington
Energy infrastructure completed in 1972


Shut Out (February 27, 1939 – April 23, 1964) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Background
Shut Out was a chestnut stallion sired by Hall of Famer  Equipoise, the multiple stakes-winning champion his fans called "The Chocolate Soldier."  Shut Out was bred by Greentree Stable in Lexington, Kentucky, owned by Mrs. Payne Whitney (Helen Hay Whitney), who had also bred his dam, Goose Egg, by the French stallion Chicle.

Racing career
The year Shut Out was born, Greentree Stables also produced top runner Devil Diver, who beat Shut Out in the 1941 Hopeful Stakes for 2-year-olds.  Hall of Fame conditioner John Gaver, training for Greentree, gave Eddie Arcaro his choice of Kentucky Derby mounts: Devil Diver or Shut Out.  Arcaro chose Devil Diver, who came in sixth. Shut Out, under jockey Wayne D. Wright, won the race. Arcaro switched mounts for the Belmont Stakes, riding Shut Out to victory.

Shut Out's other main rival that year was Alsab, 1941's U.S. Champion Two-Year-Old Colt.  Alsab also took 1942's three-year-old honors. Yet Shut Out came close to winning the 1942 Triple Crown, losing the Preakness Stakes to Alsab while finishing fifth after a troubled trip. He also won the prestigious Travers Stakes, again under Arcaro. Shut Out held a 3 to 2 margin over Alsab when Alsab finished fourth in his career finale, while Shut Out was third in an overnight handicap in 1944.

Stud record
Shut Out died in 1964 after a respectable career at stud, siring a number of stakes winners for Greentree such as One Hitter.

Pedigree

References
 The History of Thoroughbred Racing in America, by William H.P. Robertson, Bonanza Books, New York

Specific

External links
 Shut Out's pedigree, photo and stats

1939 racehorse births
1964 racehorse deaths
Whitney racehorses
Racehorses trained in the United States
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Kentucky Derby winners
Thoroughbred family 16-g


John Robert Hollond (2 November 1843 – 19 October 1912) was a British Liberal Party and Liberal Unionist politician and father of the army officer Spencer Edmund Hollond.

He was the second son of Rev. Edmund Hollond, of Benhall Lodge, Saxmundham, Suffolk by his first wife Isabella née Robinson and was educated at Harrow School.  He entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1862 and was President of the Union in 1865. He received a bachelor's degree in 1865, receiving a second class in the Classical Tripos. He subsequently obtained a master's degree.

He was then admitted at the Inner Temple on 12 November 1864 and called to the Bar on 10 June 1870. He never practised law, however. On 17 August 1870 he married Fanny Eliza Keats, and the couple had six children.

By 1879 Hollond was chairman of the Paddington Board of Guardians, although he was resident in the coastal resort of Brighton. In that year he was selected by the Liberal Party along with William Thackeray Marriott to contest the two seat parliamentary constituency of Brighton. At the general election in April 1880 the two Liberals topped the poll, unseating the sitting Conservative members of parliament. In 1884 Marriott resigned his seat to be re-elected as a Conservative, and at the general election of 1885 Hollond lost his seat to David Smith of the Conservative Party. Following a split in the Liberals over Irish Home Rule, Hollond became a Liberal Unionist, standing unsuccessfully at East Perthshire. By 1889 he was president of the Marylebone Liberal Unionist Association. He was a Deputy Lieutenant for London and Justice of the Peace for Devon, Somerset and Middlesex. During this time he lived at Stanmore Hall, Middlesex, and "Wonham", Bampton, Devon, inheriting the latter from his aunt Mrs Robert Hollond in 1884.

He died at his London residence, 41 Prince's Gate, Westminster, in October 1912 aged 68. He was buried at Stanmore.

References

External links

Biography, drawn from Burke, L.G., 1939; Univ. War List; Army Lists; The V.C. and D.S.O.; Who's Who

1843 births
1912 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People educated at Harrow School
Members of the Inner Temple
People from Saxmundham
Deputy Lieutenants of the County of London
Liberal Unionist Party parliamentary candidates
UK MPs 1880–1885