The discography of American country music singer-songwriter K. T. Oslin contains six studio albums, six compilation albums, one video album, seven music videos, 25 singles and six album appearances. Oslin signed a recording contract with Elektra Records in 1981. Both singles failed to become major hits. She then signed with RCA Records in 1987 and released the single "80's Ladies." The song became a top ten country hit, reaching number seven on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in July 1987. Oslin's corresponding debut studio album of the same name reached number one on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and spent 148 weeks on the list. It would also be her highest-charting album on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 68. The album would sell one million copies and spawn the number one hits "Do Ya" and "I'll Always Come Back." Oslin's second album, This Woman was released in 1988 and was her second record to certify platinum in sales. It was her second-highest charting album on the country chart, reaching number two in 1989. Its second single, "Hold Me," topped the country songs chart in January 1989. The album also spawned the top ten hits "Hey Bobby" and the title track.

In 1990, Love in a Small Town became Oslin's third studio release. It reached number five on the country albums list and spent 71 weeks charting. It spawned Oslin's third number one hit, "Come Next Monday." Her career slowed down following the album, yet she did release 1993's Greatest Hits: Songs from an Aging Sex Bomb. In 1996, she returned with a new studio record titled "My Roots Are Showing...". It reached a lower-end position on the Top Country Albums chart, peaking at number 45 after six weeks. The album spawned two singles, including the charting single "Silver Tongue and Goldplated Lies." In 2001, Live Close By, Visit Often became her fifth studio recording. Its cover of "Come on-a My House," was her first (and only) single to chart on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs list. In 2015, Oslin released her final studio effort, Simply. In December 2020, Oslin died after several years battling Parkinson's disease.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Videography

Video albums

Music videos

Other album appearances

Notes

References

External links

 Entry at 45cat.com as K. T.
 Entry at 45cat.com as Kay T.

Oslin, K. T.
Discographies of American artists


Small Hours was the late night radio show hosted by Donal Dineen on Today FM. It commenced broadcasting in 2004, following the seven-year tenure of Here Comes the Night. It is Dineen's second radio show on Today FM, airing Monday - Thursday, 00:00 - 02:00.

On 30 December 2007, The Small Hours had a two-hour radio special broadcast from the living room of David Gray's London home, where Gray and Liam Ó Maonlaí traded songs and stories on the piano and acoustic guitar, "intermittently picking their Desert Island discs for Dineen to spin". Dineen is largely credited with breaking Gray in Ireland.

In recent years, the Small Hours has ended and been replaced by the Midnight Chill, an hour devoted to playing a mixture of chill-out songs that have been released in recent years.

References

External links
 Official site

Irish late night radio shows
Today FM programmes


Edward Serlin House was completed in 1949, and is the second of three designs by Frank Lloyd Wright for Usonia, planned as a cooperative community starting in the late 1940s. This is now known as the Usonia Historic District and is located in Pleasantville, New York. The community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

The home has three bedrooms, two bathrooms, and is on a five-foot square module, with a shed roof over the living room. Construction was supervised by former Wright apprentice, David Henken, with additions to the design made by Aaron L. Resnick.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References
 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.317)

External links
 Photos on Arcaid

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Houses in Westchester County, New York


The Women's 200m T36 had its Final held on September 13 at 10:40.

Medalists

Results

References
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


Eastwood Park may refer to:

 Eastwood Park Historic District, a district in Minot, North Dakota, USA
 Eastwood Park, Essex, a town in Essex, England
 Eastwood Park (HM Prison), a prison in South Gloucestershire, England.
 Eastwood Park, a small park in Hasland, Chesterfield, England.
 Eastwood Park, a park in Giffnock, Scotland


Here Comes the Night was a late night radio show hosted by Donal Dineen on Today FM. It commenced broadcasting on 17 March 1997, lasting for a seven-year period before being replaced by Dineen's current show Small Hours. It was Dineen's first radio show on Today FM, airing from the station's opening day. Dineen is largely credited with breaking David Gray in Ireland during this show's tenure. Other artists whose music featured on this show included Jape, who went on to win the Choice Music Prize in 2009.

References

External links
 Dineen profiled
 Official Small Hours site (Dineen's current show)

Irish late night radio shows
Today FM programmes


Secrets is the sixth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in 1989 through Intima Records; a remastered edition was reissued in 2008 through Eidolon Efformation. The album features drummer Vinnie Colaiuta, rather than regular collaborator Chad Wackerman; Wackerman did, however, write and perform drums on the song "Peril Premonition".

Critical reception

Vincent Jeffries at AllMusic awarded Secrets 4.5 stars out of 5, calling it "a true masterpiece" and "a triumph", whilst highlighting Holdsworth's "unreachable technical standard" and continued development of the SynthAxe.

In a 2013 interview with MusicRadar, Porcupine Tree drummer Gavin Harrison picked Secrets as one of ten "essential drum albums". He praised the drumming of Colaiuta, whom he described as "playing with wild abandon" as well as being "incredibly accurate." Patrick Mameli, guitarist and vocalist for death metal band Pestilence, called Secrets "the greatest fusion album ever recorded".

Track listing

Personnel
Allan Holdsworth – guitar, SynthAxe, spoken vocals (track 7), engineering, mixing, production
Rowanne Mark – vocals (track 2)
Craig Copeland – vocals (track 8)
Gary Husband – keyboard (track 1)
Steve Hunt – keyboard (tracks 4, 6)
Alan Pasqua – piano
Vinnie Colaiuta – drums (except track 7)
Chad Wackerman – drums (track 7), keyboard (track 7)
Jimmy Johnson – bass (except track 7)
Bob Wackerman – bass (track 7)
Claire Holdsworth – spoken vocals (track 7)

Technical
Jeffrey Ocheltree – sound effects
Robert Feist – engineering, mixing
Biff Vincent – engineering
Charlie Watts – engineering
Dan Humann – engineering
Bernie Grundman – mastering

References

External links
Secrets at therealallanholdsworth.com (archived)
Allan Holdsworth "Secrets" at Guitar Nine
In-depth interview about Secrets at the Allan Holdsworth Information Center

Allan Holdsworth albums
1989 albums


"Don't" is a song written by Jim Beavers and Jonathan Singleton and recorded by American country music artist Billy Currington. It was released in July 2008 as the first single from Currington's 2008 album Little Bit of Everything. For the week of February 7, 2009, the song became Currington's fifth Top 10 hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, peaking at number 2 behind Blake Shelton's "She Wouldn't Be Gone".

Content
In the lyric, the male narrator asks that his lover stay with him after a sexual encounter the night before.  Jonathan Singleton and Jim Beavers were inspired to write "Don't" after spending a day listening to R&B music. According to Country Weekly, Beavers "started it with the groove and vibe, which had the kind of sexy R&B feel to it, with the idea of a guy begging his girl not to leave." Singleton said that he considered it "unusual" for the chorus to begin with "baby, baby, don't", and after realizing that the word "don't" appeared several times in the lyric, they decided to name the song "Don't".

Currington recorded the song in one take. During the session, electric guitarist Brent Mason ad-libbed a "wah-wah" sound, which Currington asked to be left in the final recording.

Critical reception
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic described the song as having a "sleek '80s sheen". Jessica Phillips of Country Standard Time said that it had a "suggestive R&B strut and pleading chorus."

Music video
The accompanying music video for this song was directed by "The Brads". It was shot in downtown Nashville and shows Currington carrying two cups of coffee, one of which is intended for his female partner. Upon entering her apartment, he finds that she has left in a cab. He then runs down a fire escape and jumps into an alleyway, before driving off to catch up with the cab. Currington performed all of the video's stunts himself.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 singles
Country ballads
2000s ballads
Billy Currington songs
Songs written by Jonathan Singleton
Songs written by Jim Beavers
Song recordings produced by Carson Chamberlain
Mercury Nashville singles
2008 songs


Roland Reisley House was built in Pleasantville, New York in 1951. The third of the "Usonia Homes" (now known as the Usonia Historic District) designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. this is a building on a hillside with a masonry "core" and wood siding. Roland Reisley was 26 when he built his home. The entrance is dominated by a dramatic wood cantilevered carport, which leads to an impressive yet unpresumptuous low-slung house with cypress paneling and indigenous stone.

The original house, built in 1951, had one bedroom, a study and a kitchen and a total of . Wright returned five years later to design a  addition.

Usonia Homes was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References
 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.318)

External links
 Reisley House Pleasantville New York by Frank Lloyd Wright
 Photos on Arcaid
 Plan to Protect Water Called a Threat to Trees April 16, 2009 NY Times article

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Houses in Westchester County, New York
Houses completed in 1951


, better known by his stage name  is a Japanese impressionist from Kanagawa Prefecture. His son, Ryūji Aoki, is also an impressionist.

Impression repertoire
Eun-sook Kye
Keiko Fuji
Akira Fuse
Hiromi Go
Shinji Harada
Takao Horiuchi
Takashi Hosokawa
Kōshi Inaba
Michael Jackson
Ryūichi Kawamura
Yuki Katsuragi
Saburō Kitajima
Keisuke Kuwata
Nobuteru Maeda
Chiharu Matsuyama
Yoshikazu Mera
Hibari Misora
Yoshinori Monta
Shinichi Mori
Yoshizaki Musshu
Tsuyoshi Nagabuchi
Kaname Nemoto
Tomotaka Okamoto
Judy Ongg
Masashi Sada
Hideki Saijō
Kenji Sawada
Eiko Segawa
Masanori Sera
Kiyomi Suzuki
Toshihiko Tahara
Kōji Tamaki
Masakazu Tamura
Shinji Tanimura
Yoshimi Tendō
Hideaki Tokunaga
Machiko Watanabe
Masayoshi Yamazaki

External links
Home page

1959 births
Japanese impressionists (entertainers)
Living people
People from Kanagawa Prefecture


Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory authority in charge of the waterways in India. It was constituted under IWAI Act-1985 by the Parliament of India. Its headquarters is located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The total navigable length is 14,500 km, out of which about 5200 km of the river and 4000 km of canals can be used by mechanised crafts. Freight transportation by waterways is highly under-utilised in India compared to other large countries and geographic areas like the United States, China and the European Union. The total cargo moved (in tonne kilometres) by the inland waterway was just 0.1% of the total inland traffic in India, compared to the 21% figure for the United States. Cargo transportation in an organised manner is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West Bengal, Assam, and Kerala.

It does the function of building the necessary infrastructure in these waterways, surveying the economic feasibility of new projects and also administration. On 31 August 2018, IWAI made 13 standardised state-of-art design public for the transportation of cargo and passengers keeping in mind Ganges complex river morphology, hydraulics, acute bends, currents etc. in National Waterway 1. The first implementation will be between Varanasi-Haldia stretch in assistance and investment from the World Bank.

History
Inland Waterways Authority of India was created by the Government of India on 27 October 1986 for development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation. The Authority primarily undertakes projects for development and maintenance of Inland Waterway Terminal infrastructure on National Waterways through grant received from the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Road Transport and Highways. The head office is at Noida. The Authority also has its regional offices at Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati and Kochi and sub-offices at Prayagraj, Varanasi, Bhagalpur, Farrakka and Kollam.

Classifications & Standards

Budget
Till 2010, an amount of  was spent on Inland waterways of India.

Executives
Amita Prasad is the current Chairman of the Authority.

National Waterways

Based on the data available on navigable waterways, compiled by the ministry of statistics and programme implementation, by 2015–16 a total of 106 water bodies with a minimum length of  were declared as national waterways. These have been classified into 3 categories based on financial viability and location as well as into 8 clusters based on locations. In first phase, 8 national water (NW) of category-1 that are considered most viable will be developed. There are 60 category II NWs in coastal regions with tidal stretches and feasibility reports for 54 of these (6 are in phase-1) will be delivered from May 2016 onwards

National Waterway 1

Prayagraj–Haldia stretch of the Ganges–Bhagirathi–Hooghly river system.
 Estd = October 1986
 Length =
 Fixed terminals = Haldia, Kolkata, Sahibganj, Farrakka and Patna.
 Floating terminals = Haldia, Kolkata, Diamond Harbour, Katwa, Tribeni, Baharampur, Jangipur, Bhagalpur, Munger, Semaria, Doriganj, Ballia, Ghazipur, Chunar, Varanasi and Prayagraj
 Cargo Movement = 4 million tonnes

National Waterway 2

 Sadiya – Dhubri stretch of Brahmaputra river
 Estd = September 1988
 Length =
 Fixed terminals = Pandu.
 Floating terminals = Dhubri, Jogighopa, Tezpur, Silghat, Dibrugarh, Jamgurhi, Bogibil, Saikhowa and Sadiya
 Cargo Movement = 2 million tonnes

National Waterway 3

 Kozhikode-Kollam stretch of the West Coast Canal, Champakara Canal and Udyogmandal Canal.
 Estd = February 1993
 Length =
 Fixed terminals = Aluva, Vaikom, Kayamkulam, Kottappuram, Maradu, Cherthala, Thrikkunnapuzha, Kollam and Alappuzha
 Cargo Movement = 1 million tonne

National Waterway 4

 Kakinada–Pudhucherry stretch of canals and the Kaluvelly Tank, Bhadrachalam – Rajahmundry stretch of River Godavari and Wazirabad – Vijayawada stretch of River Krishna
 Estd = November 2008
 Length =

National Waterway 5

 Talcher–Dhamra stretch of the Brahmani River, the Geonkhali – Charbatia stretch of the East Coast Canal, the Charbatia–Dhamra stretch of Matai river and the Mangalgadi – Paradip stretch of the Mahanadi River Delta
 Established = November 2008
 Length =

National Waterway 6

NW-6 is a waterway between Lakhipur and Bhanga of the Barak River.
 In Assam, Lakhipur to Bhanga stretch of  Barak River.
 Estd = 2016
 Length =

See also
 Inland waterways of India
 Waterway
 Transport in India
 The Inland Vessels (Amendment) Act, 2007
 National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
 Indian Railways

References

External links
Official Website

Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)
Inland waterway authorities
Government agencies established in 1986
Regulatory agencies of India
Waterways in India
1986 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Transport organisations based in India
Organisations based in Uttar Pradesh

de:Verkehr in Indien


Mona Penelope Simpson is a fictional guest character in the animated television series The Simpsons. She is voiced most prominently by Glenn Close, but has also been voiced by Maggie Roswell, Tress MacNeille, and Pamela Hayden. Close's performances as Mona have been well received by critics and she was named one of the top 25 guest stars on the show by IGN.

Mona was the estranged wife of Abe Simpson, the mother of Homer Simpson, and the mother-in-law of Marge Simpson. The character appeared briefly in flashbacks in the early seasons of the show and was absent from Homer's life but no reason was given. The season seven episode "Mother Simpson" was the first to focus on the character. It was established that Homer believed that his mother was dead, a lie his father, Abe, told him when in reality she was on the run from the law after she sabotaged Mr. Burns's biological warfare laboratory. She also had a large role in "My Mother the Carjacker". The character appeared again in season 19's "Mona Leaves-a", and dies during the episode. An Inception-inspired dream version of her appears in season 23's "How I Wet Your Mother". In the episode "Let's Go Fly a Coot", a flashback reveals she met Abe when she was a waitress in a cantina and he broke the sound barrier to impress her.

The character is named after writer Richard Appel's ex-wife, the American novelist (and Steve Jobs's biological sister) Mona Simpson. The inspiration for the character is Bernardine Dohrn of the Weather Underground.

Biography

Few pieces of Mona's life story have been revealed. She was first mentioned in season one and made two brief flashback appearances, but her first major appearance was in "Mother Simpson". In the episode, it is revealed that in the 1960s, Mona was a homemaker who lived with her husband Abraham Simpson and Homer, who at the time was a child. She became caught up in the hippie movement after her beliefs were ignited by seeing Joe Namath's long hair during Super Bowl III.

Mona soon became a political activist and, at one event, Mona and a group of other activists protesting germ research entered Montgomery Burns's laboratory and destroyed all the biological warfare experiments. As the gang escaped, she stayed behind to help a fallen Burns, who in turn, swore to have her thrown in jail for the rest of her life. Since that night, Mona was forced to leave her family and run off with a jester. Abe lied and said Mona had died while Homer was at the movies, to spare him of the trauma that his mother was a wanted criminal. For 27 years, Homer presumed that his mother was dead. He was accidentally reunited with Mona in "Mother Simpson" after he faked his own death to get a day off from work and Mona visited his supposed gravesite. Overjoyed at their reunion, he brings Mona home to meet his family. At first, Mona does not reveal her whereabouts and spends time catching up with her family, but is forced to reveal her past. She later travels to the post office with Homer, where Mr. Burns recognizes her face and tracks her down with FBI assistance. However, a tip-off to Homer from Chief Wiggum allows Mona to escape. Wiggum is grateful to Mona because his asthma was cured by the "antibiotic bomb" her group detonated during their lab infiltration, thereby allowing him to join the police force. Forced to go on the run again, Mona tells Homer she loves him and escapes to the underground.

In "D'oh-in' in the Wind", it is revealed that at some point, Mona spent time at a commune with two hippies, Seth and Munchie, after life with Abraham became unbearable. It is also strongly implied that she was unfaithful to Abraham. In the episode "Homer's Paternity Coot", a long lost letter reveals that Mona had an affair with lifeguard Mason Fairbanks, leading Homer to falsely believe that he might, in fact, be his real father.

In "My Mother the Carjacker", Homer discovers a secret message left for him in a newspaper that tells him to go to a location. There Homer finds Mona, who explains she had to return after she saw a macaroni pencil holder Homer made for her when he was five. She is captured by police and put on trial for the crime she committed. Due to Homer's heartfelt testimony, she is acquitted. Mr. Burns is angered by this and has her imprisoned for the minor charge of signing into a national park under a false name (Anita Bonghit). As she is being transported to jail, Homer attempts to break her free from the prison bus, but the chase ends in what appears to be her death when the bus drives off a cliff and lands in the water, where it explodes and sets off a rock avalanche which buries it. In truth, she narrowly escaped before the bus went off the cliff, and is still on the run.

Mona returns in "Mona Leaves-a" to try to make up for lost time with Homer, but he angrily refuses, saying that she will just abandon him again. Homer feels guilty about being angry with her and tries to make up only to learn she has died. Then Homer feels very guilty and Homer does something she asked for. She is cremated and, according to her will, Homer is supposed to throw her ashes on a mountain, where they disrupt a missile guidance system which would have devastated the Amazon Rainforest, once again plotted by Burns. Although disappointed that the last thing his mother asked him to do was "another hippie protest", Homer successfully stops the launch and accidentally causes an explosion that destroys the launch site, representing Mona's final victory, through her family and over all the things she spent her life fighting for. Reassured by Lisa that Mona will live on forever through his heroics, Homer releases his mother's ashes once more.

Mona briefly returns in "How I Wet Your Mother", where she rescues the family in a dream of Homer's, saying that she lives on in his dreams. It is revealed in this episode that a couple of weeks before she left Homer as a child, Homer and Grampa went on a fishing trip that was unsuccessful as the boat capsized. Homer would later feel guilt, believing that the incident prompted Mona to leave him and his father. Mona solves Homer's problem by telling him that the fishing trip never played a role in her leaving.

In an alternative retconned story introduced in "Mothers and Other Strangers", Homer discovered Mona's whereabouts in Utah when he was a teenager and went with Grampa to track her down, while unknowingly being tailed by FBI agents. The agents pursued Homer, Grampa and Mona to a canyon where Grampa got stuck in a small gap. Forced to choose between both his parents, Homer went back to save Grampa, while Mona managed to flee on a bus to San Francisco. In the present, Grampa and Homer lament to a therapist how they were never able to find Mona again, but Homer does reveal to his family that Mona secretly visited him in the hospital when Bart was born, disguising herself as a doctor.

Character

Creation

Mona Simpson is first mentioned in season one's "There's No Disgrace Like Home", where Homer recalls his mother telling him that he's a "big disappointment". She later made two brief flashback appearances, the first being season two's "Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?" and the second being season six's "Grampa vs. Sexual Inadequacy", and in both cases she was voiced by Maggie Roswell.

Mona's first major appearance was in the seventh season episode "Mother Simpson". The episode was pitched by Richard Appel, who had been desperately trying to think of a story idea and decided to do something about Homer's mother.

Many of the writers were surprised that an episode about Homer's mother had not previously been produced. The writers used the episode as an opportunity to solve several puzzles about the show, such as where Lisa's intelligence came from.

The character is named after Richard Appel's then wife, the novelist Mona Simpson who is Steve Jobs's biological sister. The inspiration for the character comes from Bernardine Dohrn of the Weather Underground, although the writers acknowledge that several people fit her description. Her crime was intentionally the least violent crime the writers could think of, as she did not harm anyone and was only caught because she came back to help Mr. Burns.

Mona Simpson was drawn in a way so that she has a little bit of Homer in her face, such as the shape of her upper lip and her nose. There were several design changes because the directors were trying to make her an attractive older and younger woman, but still be "Simpson-esque".

Voice

Glenn Close was convinced to voice the character in "Mother Simpson" partially because of James L. Brooks. She was directed in her first performance by Josh Weinstein. When Mona gets in the van, her voice is done by Pamela Hayden because Glenn Close could not say "d'oh!" properly and thus they used the original temp track recorded by Hayden.

Glenn Close recorded original material for three other episodes: season 15's "My Mother the Carjacker" and season 19's "Mona Leaves-a". A deleted scene featuring Mona from "Mother Simpson" appears in season seven's "The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular" as well as season thirty-one's "Todd, Todd, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me?". The character also has a speaking appearance in season ten's "D'oh-in in the Wind", this time voiced by Tress MacNeille.

Reception
Glenn Close has been well received as the voice of Mona. IGN ranked Close as the 25th-best guest star in the show's history for her first two performances as Mona. In 2007, Entertainment Weekly called Close one of "fourteen guest stars whose standout performances on TV make us wish they'd turn up in a Simpsons Movie 2". In 2008, Entertainment Weekly also named Close one of the 16 best Simpsons guest stars. The Phoenix.com placed Close in the second position on their list of the best 20 Simpsons guest stars. Star News Online listed Close as one of the four hundred reasons why they love The Simpsons. Close appeared on AOL's list of their favorite 25 Simpsons guest stars. Robert Canning of IGN wrote that Close "gave us the sweet voice of Mona Simpson. She's a perfect fit, able to convey a loving, motherly tone, while still convincing the audience she's a headstrong hippie activist."

"Mother Simpson" is one of Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein's favorite episodes as a perfect combination of real emotion, good jokes and an interesting story and they have expressed regret about not submitting it for the Emmy Award in the Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming less than One Hour) category. "My Mother the Carjacker" received a Writers Guild of America Award nomination in 2004 in the animation category. "Mona Leaves-a" received mixed reviews from critics. Robert Canning described it as "clunky and forced and wasn't all that funny" but still gave it a 7/10. Richard Keller called it a decent episode, but despised Mona's brief appearance.

References

External links

The Simpsons characters
Television characters introduced in 1991
Animated characters introduced in 1991
Fictional activists
Fictional criminals
Animated human characters
Female characters in animated series
American female characters in television
Hippie movement
Fictional characters incorrectly presumed dead
Fictional criminals in television


John Finnegan, a convict of the colony of New South Wales (now Australia), was one of four men who set off on a timber getting mission from Sydney bound for Illawarra in 1823. The men were caught in a severe storm and driven north 728 km to Moreton Island off the coast of Brisbane, becoming the first Europeans to live in the area and the first to discover the Brisbane River.

Prior to this a number of earlier explorers had sailed the Moreton Bay area. Most notable was Matthew Flinders who spent 15 days in the general vicinity during his 1799 expedition from Port Jackson to Hervey Bay. Due to the difficulty of finding coastal rivers by seaward exploration, none of these explorers became aware of the existence of the Brisbane River. Later in 1823, when the Surveyor General, John Oxley, was commissioned by Governor Brisbane to find sites for further penal settlements, he made a trip to the Moreton Bay area. If not for a chance meeting with one of Finnegan’s surviving partners, Thomas Pamphlett, and the men telling him of a large freshwater river they had stumbled across some months earlier, Oxley may never have made the exploration that led to the establishment of  Brisbane Town some years later.

The 'Timbergetting' Voyage

The four men, Thomas Pamphlett, Richard Parsons, John Thompson and Finnegan himself, left Sydney on 21 March 1823 bound for the ‘Five Islands’ (Illawarra). They had been hired to fetch cedar wood. Shortly after they departed a fierce storm blew them out to sea and they were forced to go 21 days without water. During this time Thompson died and was buried at sea a few days later, his friends not being able to put their boat ashore. The three survivors were beached on Moreton Island on 16 April 1823 and made friends with the local Aborigines.

Assuming themselves to be somewhere south of Jervis Bay, the explorers determined to get back to Sydney. The natives took them by boat across the passage to Stradbroke Island where they spent approximately six weeks with the Noonucal tribe before heading across to the mainland, pulling in somewhere around the Cleveland area. They then began to travel north in hope of reaching civilization. It wasn't long before the trio stumbled across a large river which they were unable to cross. They trekked upstream for almost a month, weakened due to lack of good food and hardly able to swim many of the creeks they encountered en route. Upon reaching Oxley Creek, however, they procured a canoe and attempted their first crossing of the river.

Found

It was later in the year when John Oxley made his entrance into Moreton Bay. An extract from his diary on 19 November 1823 describes his unexpected meeting with Pamphlett:At the time of the meeting Finnegan was away on a hunting trip and Parsons had continued north in search of Sydney, an endeavour the other two men had decided to abandon, choosing rather to return to the Bribie Island area to live with the natives. When Finnegan returned the two men related to Oxley their discovery of the large river. Oxley was determined to explore it and, taking Finnegan with them as their guide, he and Stirling set off on 1 December 1823, entering the river the following day.

References

See also
Steele, John Gladstone: 'The Explorers of the Moreton Bay District 1770-1830', St Lucia, 1972,  386 pages documentary, illustrated.

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Australian explorers
Pre-Separation Queensland


The Women's 100m T37 had its first round held on September 11, at 17:05, and the final was held on September 12 at 10:04.

Medalists

Results

References
Round 1 - Heat 1
Round 1 - Heat 2
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


The Helios AG für elektrisches Licht und Telegraphenanlagenbau was a German electrical engineering company. Founded in 1882, it existed until its liquidation in 1930. The company was based in the town of Ehrenfeld, which was incorporated into Cologne in 1888. The company is presently best known for the Heliosturm, a lighthouse on the former site of the factory that was constructed for test and research purposes. Today, the area is used by gastronomy and craft businesses.

References

Manufacturing companies established in 1882
Defunct companies of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Cologne
Companies of Prussia
Ehrenfeld, Cologne
Lighting brands
Siemens
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1930


Ioan Pop (, born 24 October 1954) is a retired Romanian sabre fencer. He competed at the 1976, 1980 and 1984 Olympics and won team bronze medals in 1976 and 1984. He won three more team medals at the world championships in 1974–1977.

Pop took up fencing aged 11 and after retiring from competitions worked as a coach with Progresul Bucharest and the national sabre team. In 1990 he was elected deputy secretary general of the Romanian Fencing Federation. In 1994 he left Romania to train the national fencing team of Tunisia, where his students included Henda Zaouali. In 1997 he became the first technical director of the International Fencing Federation (FIR), and in 2013 was inducted into the FIE Hall of Fame.

References

1954 births
Living people
Romanian male fencers
Olympic fencers for Romania
Fencers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Olympic medalists in fencing
Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics


Marquis Gong () can refer to:

 Marquis Gōng of Cai ( 10th century BC?), fourth ruler of Cai
 Marquis Gòng of Cai (died 760 BC), ninth ruler of Cai
 Marquess Gong of Han (died 363 BC)
 Cao Hong (died 232), Cao Wei general
 Han Ji (died 238), Cao Wei politician

See also

 Gong (disambiguation)


Ioan Chezan (born 14 August 1945) is a Romanian musician, flutist,  and conductor.

Biography

He was born in 1945 in Sântejude, Cluj County, the youngest of three boys of the family. He attended school first in Gherla and then in  Cluj. He attended secondary school at Petru Maior High School in Gherla, where he studied music with Tiberiu Coste between 1957 and 1959. He then studied music with the noted musician Marius Cuteanu between 1959 and 1965. He later met professor Bella Torok (the first flutist of the Hungarian Opera in Cluj), and studied flute with him. Conducting attracted him after entering the Gheorghe Dima Music Academy where he was a student of the great master conductor Dorin Pop. During his student days he had a real pleiad of great musicians and professors: Iuliu Silaghi and Constantin Rîpă for solfeggio and dictation; Vasile Herman for musical form; Rodica Pop and Gheorghe Merișescu for music history; Dorin Pop and Florentin Mihăescu for choir and conducting; Ioan Husti for music theory; Dan Voiculescu at choral arrangements; Dieter Aker and Tudor Jarda for harmony; Erwin Junger for reading the music scores; Gabriela Țereanu for piano and Sigusmund Toduță and Liviu Comes as rectors. Without a doubt he lived a period of flourishing of the Romanian superior musical education.

After graduating from the Conservatory, he began his teaching career in the fall of 1970 at Pedagogic Highschool in Zalău. Ioan Chezan established in 1971, the first school of music in the same city, and later, after 34 years, he transformed that school into the so-called „Ioan Sima” Music High School. Ioan Chezan led both schools, as director, until 2009 when he retired.

In 2004 he received the Order of "Merit for Education" rank of Chevalier.

In 2008 he defended the Ph.D. thesis having the title „Profesionalismul corului de cameră cu statut de ansamblu amator” (The professionalism of the chamber choir with the amateur ensemble status) coordinated by professor Valentin Timaru.

References

1945 births
Romanian conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
Romanian musicians
Living people
People from Cluj County
21st-century conductors (music)
21st-century male musicians


Bays Brewery is a microbrewery located in Nelson, New Zealand established in December 1993.

Beers

Media coverage and recognition

References
Tyack, Kerry, New Zealand Beers Auckland: Penguin (2005)
Stewart, Keith, The Complete Guide to New Zealand Beer Nelson: Craig Potton Pub. (2002)

External links
 Bays Brewery (official website)

1993 establishments in New Zealand
Breweries of New Zealand


Love Somebody may refer to:

 Love Somebody (album), a 2015 album by Reba McEntire
 Love Somebody (EP), a 2014 EP by Charmaine
 "Love Somebody" (Noiseworks song), 1987
 "Love Somebody" (Maroon 5 song), 2013
 "Love Somebody" (1947 song), a song by Doris Day released in 1947
 "Love Somebody" (Rick Springfield song), 1984
 "Love Somebody", a song by Robbie Williams, taken from his fifth album Escapology
 "Love Somebody", a song by Backstreet Boys from In a World Like This

See also
Love Someone (disambiguation)
To Love Somebody (disambiguation)
Somebody to Love (disambiguation)


Philip Roby Hammial is an Australian poet, publisher, editor, artist and art curator. His achievements include thirty-five collections of poetry, thirty-four solo sculpture exhibitions, and, acting as the director/curator of The Australian Collection of Outsider Art, twenty-six exhibitions of Australian Outsider Art in five countries.

Hammial's significance to Australian poetry has been recognised by the Australia Council, which awarded him a Senior Writer's Fellowship in 1996, an Established Writer's Fellowship in 2004 and the Nancy Keesing Studio at the Cité internationale des arts in Paris in 2009.

Literary and artistic career
Hammial has published thirty-six collections of poetry. He is also the editor with Ulli Beier and Rudi Krausmann of the seminal "Outsider Art in Australia". As at August, 2020 he has had 438 poems published in 134 journals in 17 countries. His work has appeared in 36 poetry anthologies in seven countries. In 2006 he edited "25 poetes australiens", the first anthology of Australian poetry in the French language. The edition of 1000 sold out in Europe and Canada. As the director of The Australian Collection of Outsider Art, he has curated or helped to organise twenty-six exhibitions of Australian Outsider Art – in Australia, Germany, France, Belgium and the United States. The most recent exhibition – "Australian Outsiders" (23 artists) – spent two months at the Orange Regional Gallery, seven weeks at the Hazelhurst Regional Gallery and then went to the Halle St. Pierre in Paris for six months (September 2006 to February 2007) where it was very well received. Hammial himself is also an artist. He has had thirty-four solo exhibitions and his work has been included in over seventy group exhibitions, including two in Paris. His work can be found at the Rex-Livingston Gallery in Katoomba, NSW, Australia. In 1979 he succeeded Philip Roberts as editor of Island Press.

Two of his poetry collections were short-listed for the Kenneth Slessor Prize – "Bread" in 2001 and "In the Year of Our Lord Slaughter's Children" in 2004 and one was short-listed for the ACT Poetry Book Prize – "Skin Theory" in 2010. His thirty-second collection, "Detroit and Selected Poems", was published by Sheep Meadow Press in NY State, one of the oldest and most prestigious poetry presses in the U.S. He has represented Australia at fifteen international poetry festivals – Poetry Africa 2000 and 2016 in Durban, South Africa; the Festival Franco-Anglais de Poesie, Paris, 2000 and 2015; The World Festival of Poets, Tokyo, 2000; the Festival International de la Poésie, Trois-Rivières, 2004 and 2018; the Micro Festival, Prague, 2009 and 2015; the Festival Franco-Anglais de Poesie, Melbourne, 2010; the Festival Internacional de Poesia de Medellin (Colombia)  2012; the Festival Internacional de Poesia de Granada (Nicaragua) 2014; the Val-de-Marne International Poetry Festival, Paris, 2015; the Struga Poetry Evenings, Struga, Macedonia, 2015 and the Istanbul Writers' Festival in 2016. In 2001 he had a one-month writer-in-residency at the Fundacion Valparaiso in Mojacar, Spain and for six months in 2009/10 he was the Australian writer-in-residence at the Cité International des Arts in Paris.

Life
Hammial grew up in and around Detroit, Michigan. He attended Olivet College in Olivet, Michigan, then Ohio University in Athens, Ohio where he graduated with honours in English Literature and Philosophy. In 1972, he moved to Australia. He is now an Australian citizen and has been living in the Blue Mountains since 1994. A member of the Woodford Bush Fire Brigade between 1995 and 2003, Hammial fought many of the fires that raged through the Blue Mountains during those years. An environmental and human rights activist, he has worked as a volunteer for the Wilderness Society, the Free Tibet Action Group and is presently active in the XR (Extinction Rebellion) movement.

Awards

1988: Rothman's Foundation Poetry Prize
2001: short-listed for the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry
2004: short-listed for the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry
2010: short-listed for the ACT Poetry Prize

Selected bibliography

2018: "Detroit & Selected Poems", Sheep Meadow Press, United States
2011: "The Beast Should Comply" Flying Island, Macao
2009: "Skin Theory", Puncher & Wattmann, Australia
2005: "Swan Song", Picaro Press, Australia
2000: "Auto One", Vagabond Press, Australia
2000: "Bread", Black Pepper, Australia
1996: "Black Market" (in The Wild Life), Penguin, Australia
1994: "With One Skin Less", Hale & Iremonger, Australia
1989:  "Travel/Writing" (with Ania Walwicz), Angus & Robertson
1988: "Pell Mell", Black Lightning Press, Australia
1979: "Swarm", Island Press, Australia
1978: "More Bath, Less Water", Red Press, Australia
1977: "Hear Me Eating", Makar Press, Australia
1977: "Mastication Poems", The Saturday Centre, Australia
1977: "Chemical Cart", Island Press, Australia
1976: "Footfalls & Notes", The Saturday Centre, Australia

As editor
2006: "25 poètes australiens", editor, Ecrits des Forges
1989: "Outsider Art in Australia", co-editor, Aspect

References

Wilde, W., Hooton, J. & Andrews, B. (1994) "The Oxford Companion of Australian Literature" 2nd ed. South Melbourne, Oxford University Press

External links
Official homepage

Jacket website

Launch speech by John Hawke for Ticket to Ride

1937 births
Living people
Australian poets
English-language poets
Australian magazine publishers (people)


Looking for the Perfect Beat: 1980–1985 is a compilation album by hip hop musician Afrika Bambaataa.

Release
Looking for the Perfect Beat: 1980–1985 was released on March 20, 2001 on compact disc and a limited two disc vinyl set. The release was part of the label Tommy Boy Records' celebration of twenty years in the music industry.

Reception

From contemporary reviews, John Duffy of AllMusic gave the album a five star out of five star rating, noting that Bambaataa's "considerable influence has largely been brushed aside by a rap world that sadly ignores far too many of its innovators" as well as "nicely augments the resume of producer Arthur Baker, a trailblazing dance remixer of the early '80s." Duffy main complaint with the compilation was the lack of any significant liner notes or photographs. The compilation included Bambaataa's "finest moments, including the classic "Planet Rock" alongside timeless siblings "Jazzy Sensation", "Looking For The Perfect Beat" and "Unity" with James Brown." and that the compilation "represents an integral part of hip-hop history and is an essential purchase for any serious fan of Black music." Jon Caramanica of Rolling Stone gave a positive review as well, noting that the "collection ably captures [Bambaataa's] dance-floor magnetism " and specifically praised tracks "Zulu Nation Throwdown", "Looking for the Perfect Beat" and "Renegades of Funk". Robert Christgau praised the collection stating it contained "at the irreducible least are two of the greatest records of the '80" and noted that the tracks that range from competent to classic.

Track listing
Track listing adapted from back of vinyl sleeve.

Personnel
Credits are from the Looking For the Perfect Beat sleeve.
 Ninny – producer (on tracks 1)
 Kenny Donovan – arrangements (on track 1), producer (on track 2)
 James Nichols – mixing (on track 1)
 Tom Silverman – executive producer (on tracks 3 and 4), edits (on track 8), producer (on track 9), mixing (on track 11)
 Arthur Baker – producer (on tracks 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), mixing (on tracks 4, 5, 6 and 7), arrangements (on track 6, 7 and 8), executive producer (on track 8)
 Shep Pettibone – mixing and arrangements (on tracks 3)
 Jay Burnett – engineer (on tracks 3 and 4)
 Bob Rosa – engineer (on tracks 4 and 9)
 Planet Patrol – music (on tracks 4)
 John Robie – producer and mixing (on tracks 5, 6, 7) and arrangements (on tracks 6, 7)
 Harry Belafonte – executive producer (on track 8)
 Afrika Bambaataa –  producer (on tracks 9, 10)
 The Fats Comet Crew (Keith LeBlanc, Doug Wimbish and Skip McDonald) – producer (on track 9, 10)
 The Fats Comet Production (Keith LeBlanc, Doug Wimbish and Skip McDonald) – producer (on track 11)
 Keith LeBlanc – engineer (on track 11)
 Eric Calvi – engineer (on track 11)

References

Sources

Afrika Bambaataa albums
2001 compilation albums
Albums produced by Arthur Baker (musician)
Hip hop compilation albums
Tommy Boy Records compilation albums


The Nevius Street Bridge once carried car traffic across the Raritan River between Hillsborough Township and Raritan Borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. In the 1840s a wooden bridge crossed at this location.  The current  bridge was built in 1886 by the Wrought Iron Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio.  It is a double intersection Pratt truss bridge. The construction of the nearby John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge replaced the Nevius Street Bridge in 2005; the bridge now serves as a pedestrian bridge, connecting River Road in Hillsborough with the Raritan River Greenway.
The bridge, described using its historic name, Raritan Bridge, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1992 for its engineering and method of construction.

Background
Joannes Nevius was born in Zoelen, Netherlands, in 1627 and emigrated to New Amsterdam in 1651.  His grandson, Petrus or Peter Nevius, was the first with the Nevius name to come to the Raritan Valley in Somerset County.

History
The Raritan Water Power Canal is located at the north end of the bridge. The water pumping station built  by James B. Duke and the canal hydroelectric power plant are not part of the NRHP listing, but are noted in the description section.

Gallery

See also
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
List of crossings of the Raritan River

References

Bridges completed in 1886
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Bridges in Somerset County, New Jersey
Hillsborough Township, New Jersey
Raritan, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Somerset County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
Bridges over the Raritan River
Wrought iron bridges in the United States
Pedestrian bridges in New Jersey


The CZ 2075 RAMI is a semi-automatic pistol made by Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod (CZUB) in the Czech Republic. It features a staggered-column magazine, all-metal construction or optional Polyframe, and a hammer-forged floating barrel. The gun's name, RAMI, is derived from combining the first two letters of the designers' given names, Radek Hauerland and Milan Trkulja.

Design

The RAMI is similar to the CZ 75, however the design has been reduced in size to create an ideal concealed carry firearm for those who find the CZ 75 or similar handguns too bulky.

The RAMI is available in both 9 mm and .40 S&W calibers. Depending on caliber, the ammunition capacity of the magazine will vary from 10+1 or 14+1  (10 in the magazine and one round in the chamber) with the 9 mm version.  7+1 or 9+1 available in the .40 S&W version.

The RAMI can be fired either double or single action. The 2075 RAMI also features full length slide grooves which minimize play in the action and increases overall accuracy. The 2075 is designed with a slide lock that holds the chamber open after the last round in the magazine has been fired.

The RAMI is quickly disassembled for cleaning and maintenance. To do this the slide stop is pushed out and the slide is pulled forward off the pistol frame. This allows the action to be further dismantled separating the barrel, recoil spring, and trigger components. Further tear down (e.g. firing pin cleaning) should only be performed by a competent gunsmith.

Variants

The CZ 2075 RAMI was produced in two variants; an alloy  frame model (meaning the "body" of the pistol below the slide is constructed of metal) or polymer. The alloy model has the advantage of increased ruggedness, customizable grips, and increased weight which helps absorb recoil. The polyframe design offers corrosion resistant polymer and lighter weight (both attributes sought by individuals who carry concealed). Both variants are available in either 9mm or .40 S&W caliber. The 9mm version can utilize an extended magazine, increasing ammunition capacity to 14+1. The CZ 2075 RAMI will also accept all standard CZ 75 mags, including the 18 round SP-01 magazine, 19 round SP-01 magazine, and ProMag 32-round magazine.

The CZ2075 RAMI polymer version was discontinued as of 2011, and the alloy frame version was discontinued in the .40 S&W caliber in 2016 and in the 9mm in 2020.

Safety features
Most firearms, including the CZ 2075 RAMI, offer safety features which help to minimize the chance of a negligent discharge.

The CZ 2075 features an inertia pin safety that prevents the firing pin from protruding through the pin hole and making contact with the back of a chambered cartridge in the event the pistol is dropped.

The CZ 2075 BD model replaces the manual safety with a decocker, allowing the user to safely lower the hammer and prevent accidental firing. The decocker mechanism integrates a catch between the uncocked and fully cocked position that is designed to keep the hammer from striking the firing pin during the event the thumb should slip off the hammer prematurely during cocking. Pulling the trigger disables this safety, allowing the pistol to discharge.

Sights
The CZ 2075 RAMI comes with factory installed  combat sights (sometimes referred to as "three-dot sights"). Night sights are available for the RAMI that feature tritium inserts for better visibility in low light conditions.

References

External links

 Ceska Zbrojovka official website
 CZ-USA official website
 Review at Gearhunts.com

Semi-automatic pistols of Czechoslovakia
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
.40 S&W semi-automatic pistols


Freeman-Walter-Abele is a now outdated judicial test in United States patent law. It came from three decisions of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals—In re Freeman, 573 F.2d 1237 (C.C.P.A. 1978), In re Walter, 618 F.2d 758 (C.C.P.A. 1980); and In re Abele, 684 F.2d 902 (C.C.P.A. 1982) —which attempted to comply with then-recent decisions of the Supreme Court concerning software-related patent claims.

Overview

The test was used to determine whether a patent claim was directed entirely to mathematical principles or algorithms, which are not patentable subject matter. The aim of the test was to allow claims that do not attempt to monopolize traditionally patent ineligible subject matter, such as mathematics, thinking, and laws of nature. Though primarily concerned with mathematical algorithms the test has some applicability in all subject matter discussions. Its use peaked in 1994 with In re Schrader. Its use then faded, to be replaced by the now also superseded "useful, concrete, and tangible result" test of In re Alappat. The current legal test for patent eligibility is stated in the Supreme Court's decisions in Bilski v. Kappos, Mayo v. Prometheus, and Alice v. CLS Bank.

Development from Freeman test

The Freeman test was:

First, it must be determined whether the claim directly or indirectly recites an "algorithm" in the Benson sense of that term, for a claim which fails even to recite an algorithm clearly cannot wholly preempt an algorithm. Second, the claim must be further analyzed to ascertain whether in its entirety it wholly preempts that algorithm.

In Freeman the invention was a system for typesetting alphanumeric information, using a computer-based control system in conjunction with a photo-typesetter of conventional design. The invention was:

... three signal-processing steps. First, the input codes are read, and a tree structure of symbols representing the mathematical expression is built. Second, the signals specifying the relative concatenation point positions of the symbols are composed by application of the local positioning algorithm. Third, an image of the expression, with all symbols in proper position, is generated on the CRT or other output device.

The court limited the term "algorithm" to mathematical algorithms or formulas. The court did not consider Freeman's step to be a formula or algorithm, and therefore reversed the PTO's claim rejections.

In Walter, the invention was a system for processing seismic "chirp" signals by mathematical procedures. The PTO asked the court to reconsider the second Freeman step, which the PTO asserted conflicted with the Supreme Court's Flook case. The court stated that the second Freeman step "involves examination of the claim 'to ascertain whether in its entirety it wholly preempts [the] algorithm.'" The court said it would rephrase "the second step of the Freeman test in terms other than preemption." The new version was:

If it appears that the mathematical algorithm is implemented in a specific manner to define structural relationships between the physical elements of the claim (in apparatus claims) or to refine or limit claim steps (in process claims), the claim being otherwise statutory, the claim passes muster under § 101. If, however, the mathematical algorithm is merely presented and solved by the claimed invention, as was the case in Benson and Flook, and is not applied in any manner to physical elements or process steps, no amount of post-solution activity will render the claim statutory; nor is it saved by a preamble merely reciting the field of use of the mathematical algorithm.

Furthermore, "if the end-product of a claimed invention is a pure number, as in Benson and Flook, the invention is non-statutory regardless of any post-solution activity which makes it available for use by a person or machine for other purposes." On the other hand, if the product invention produces a physical thing," such as a seismic trace, it could be patented. The court evaluated the claimed invention and decided that it was just a calculation and therefore patent ineligible.

Finally in Abele the invention was a system for processing CAT-scan signals. Once again, the court addressed and refined the second step of the analysis. The court said that the applicants appealing from the PTO's rejection had a valid point when they complained that the test set out two extreme ends of a spectrum and then failed to "provide a useful tool for analyzing claims in the 'gray area' which falls between the two ends of that spectrum." Now, the court reformulated the test in these terms:

Walter should be read as requiring no more than that the algorithm be "applied in any manner to physical elements or process steps," provided that its application is circumscribed by more than a field of use limitation or non-essential post-solution activity. Thus, if the claim would be "otherwise statutory," albeit inoperative or less useful without the algorithm, the claim likewise presents statutory subject matter when the algorithm is included. This broad reading of Walter, we conclude, is in accord with the Supreme Court decisions.

Final Freeman-Walter-Abele test

The final version of the test has two parts. First, determining whether the claim recites an algorithm within the meaning of Benson. Second,  determining whether the algorithm is "applied in any manner to physical elements or process steps" per In re Abele.

Under the final version of the Freeman-Walter-Abele test, any placement of any conventional obvious apparatus in the claim seemed to be enough for the court to find the subject matter patent eligible. In one case, a ROM for storing numerical squares was sufficient. This state of affairs was burlesqued in the mythical "Case of the Automated Substance Spreader," a computerized system for spreading fertilizer.

Decline

This test was largely done away with by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit with In re Alappat . Now, the result became most important. If a mathematical algorithm produced a "useful, concrete and tangible result" the claim was statutory subject matter. Thus by the later 1990s in cases such as AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc. in 1999 and other similar cases, it became no longer to require presence of physical hardware elements.

The Freeman-Walter-Abele test was repudiated in 1998 in State Street Bank, which described it as having "little, if any, applicability to determining the presence of statutory subject matter."

However, it continued to have use in the patent office, which viewed it as much the same as the "practical application" and "useful, concrete and tangible results" tests.

Death

It became clear in the In re Alappat case that a majority of the Federal Circuit had lost patience with the complexity of the Freeman-Walter-Abele test, but Chief Judge Nies and Judge Archer dissented from this step. The two Trovato decisions highlighted the difference in opinion. The original Trovato panel decision used the Freeman-Walter-Abele test to find that Trovato's claims were ineligible "abstract ideas." The vacatur order did not give any reason why the original opinion by Judge Nies was incorrect.

No subsequent Federal Circuit opinion was based on the Freeman-Walter-Abele test. The Federal Circuit then turned to the less complex "useful, concrete, and tangible result" test, but turned away from it in In re Bilski, which adopted a modified version of the Freeman-Walter-Abele test, known as the "machine-or-transformation test." On appeal of In re Bilski, in Bilski v. Kappos, and then in two subsequent cases, Mayo v. Prometheus and Alice v. CLS Bank, the Supreme Court held that the machine-or-transformation test was only a "useful clue" to patent eligibility and specified a two-step patent eligibility test in which the court first had to determine whether the patent claim under analysis was directed to an abstract principle and, if so, whether the principle was implemented in an inventive rather than conventional manner, as prescribed in Flook.

See also
 Software patents under United States patent law
 Diamond v. Diehr
 Gottschalk v.Benson
 Parker v. Flook
 State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group
 In re Abele
 In re Bilski

Notes

Software patent case law
American legal terminology
United States patent case law
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit cases


Symphoromyia (meaning bane/blight fly in Greek) is a genus of predatory snipe flies. Unusually for Rhagionids, some species of Symphoromyia are known to feed on mammal blood, including human blood. Symphoromyia species are stout bodied flies from 4.5 to 9 mm and with a black, grey or gold thorax, and the abdomen is coloured grey, black, or both black and yellow, black terminating with yellow, to completely yellow. The wings are hyaline or lightly infuscate.

Species
Symphoromyia algens Leonard, 1931
Symphoromyia atripes Bigot, 1887
Symphoromyia barbata Aldrich, 1915
Symphoromyia cervivora Turner & Chillcott, 1973
Symphoromyia cinerea Johnson, 1903
Symphoromyia clerci Ngô-Muller & Nel, 2020
Symphoromyia crassicornis (Panzer, 1808)
Symphoromyia cruenta Coquillett, 1894
Symphoromyia currani Leonard, 1931
Symphoromyia evecta (Meunier, 1910)
Symphoromyia examinata (Meunier, 1910)
Symphoromyia exigua (Meunier, 1910)
Symphoromyia fulvipes Bigot, 1887
Symphoromyia hirta Johnson, 1897
Symphoromyia immaculata (Meigen, 1804)
Symphoromyia inconspicua Turner & Chillcott, 1973
Symphoromyia incorrupta Yang, Yang & Nagatomi, 1997
Symphoromyia inquisitor Aldrich, 1915
Symphoromyia johnsoni Coquillett, 1894
Symphoromyia kincaidi Aldrich, 1915
Symphoromyia limata Coquillett, 1894
Symphoromyia liupanshana Yang, Dong & Zhang, 2016
Symphoromyia marginata Théobald, 1937
Symphoromyia melaena (Meigen, 1820)
Symphoromyia montana Aldrich, 1915
Symphoromyia nana Turner & Chillcott, 1973
Symphoromyia nigripilosa Yang, Dong & Zhang, 2016
Symphoromyia pachyceras Williston, 1886
Symphoromyia pallipilosa Yang, Dong & Zhang, 2016
Symphoromyia pilosa Aldrich, 1915
Symphoromyia plagens Williston, 1886
Symphoromyia pleuralis Curran, 1930
Symphoromyia plumbea Aldrich, 1915
Symphoromyia pullata Coquillett, 1894
Symphoromyia sackeni Aldrich, 1915
Symphoromyia securifera Coquillett, 1904
Symphoromyia sinensis Yang & Yang, 1997
Symphoromyia spitzeri Chvála, 1983
Symphoromyia subtrita Cockerell, 1911
Symphoromyia succini Paramonov, 1938
Symphoromyia tertiarica Paramonov, 1938
Symphoromyia trivittata Bigot, 1887
Symphoromyia trucis Coquillett, 1894
Symphoromyia truncata Turner, 1973
Symphoromyia varicornis (Loew, 1872)

References

Rhagionidae
Brachycera genera
Diptera of Asia
Diptera of North America
Diptera of Europe
Taxa named by Georg Ritter von Frauenfeld


Fran Bull (born 1938) is an American sculptor, painter, and print-maker living and working in Brandon, Vermont and Barcelona, Spain.

Personal life and education
In her childhood, Bull frequented the Newark Museum of Art in New Jersey to study. Bull next expanded her studies into painting when she attended Bennington College, headed at the time by artist Paul Freely, where she graduated with a B.A. in Music and Art in 1960.

In 1969, she married painter Malcolm Morley. The marriage lasted until their divorce in 1972, yet his pieces would go on to influence her earliest works. She would then attend New York University, where she graduated in 1980 with an M.A. degree in Art and Art Education.

Career

Bull became known originally for her Photorealism paintings made in the mid 1970s and 80s. Among her most famous Photorealist works are Flamingo Stereopticon, Lincoln Center Reclining Figure and Winged Narcissus. This earlier work was influenced by her mentor and ex-husband, Malcolm Morley and by the Pop spirit of Photorealism. It was shown and sold through the Louis K. Meisel Gallery in New York City and has been collected widely in Kansas City through the Morgan Gallery, owned before her death by curator and gallerist Myra Morgan. During this time, Bull was one of the most noted photo-realists along with Morley.

In the late 1980s, Bull’s art began to develop towards abstraction, or neo-abstract expressionism. Instead of seeking to depict the familiar, touchable surfaces of this world, Bull felt compelled to investigate and capture the teeming, yet unseen forces giving rise to those surfaces. In her break-through series of paintings The Magdalene Cycle (1992) for example, the large canvases seem to lay bare the hidden energies and biomorphic entities that animate and enliven the physical realm.

Sparked by her newfound approach to painting, in the mid-1990s Bull began to explore other media. Since that time her artistic output has included performance art, sculpture, mixed media, and printmaking, as well as painting.  She has been especially prolific in the area of printmaking, creating numerous bodies of work in collaboration with master printer Virgili Barbara at Taller 46, a prestigious printmaking studio in Barcelona, Spain. At the height of their careers, Picasso, Tàpies, Miró and Saura also worked in this place with the founder and father of Virgili, Joan Barbara.

In 2003 Bull’s award-winning series of carborundum etchings entitled Barcelona! (2001) was exhibited at Gallerie Universitini in Plzeň, Czech Republic. The Barcelona! etchings are surging pictures whose influences are redolent of those natural structures created by the forces of wind, water and organic process. Bull has produced many diverse series of etchings that continue to be exhibited worldwide.

Bull’s most recent works on canvas, Dark Matter (2008), are relief or sculptural paintings. Bull uses the term “topographies” to describe these works. The images in the Dark Matter series appear to be growing off the canvas, and, like her earlier abstract paintings, they appear to be covering and uncovering at once, the mysteries dwelling below the visible surfaces of this world.

In 2009, Bull debuted In Flanders Fields: A Meditation on War, a series of installations based on the poem In Flanders Fields by World War I Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae. Inspired by her personal experience witnessing World War II as a child, Bull sought to emulate the poem's portrayal of the devastation of war and a hope for peace through depicting the symbols and imagery in print and sculpture. These symbols would include the flying larks, the fields of poppies, and the dead that laid among them. Exhibitions of In Flanders Fields were shown at the Carving Studio and Sculpture Center in Rutland, Vermont in 2009, the Woman Made Gallery in 2010, the Christine Price Gallery at Castleton College in 2011,the Chaffee Art Center in 2015, and the Henry Sheldon Museum in 2018.

To the question: what are your influences and inspirations, Bull replies: The whole world, everything I see, read, learn, hear, all the art ever made, all the music, poetry and literature—what James Hillman calls the Gloria Duplex—the glorious, amazing and paradoxical array of everything.

When she is not working in Barcelona, Bull lives and works in Vermont, where in 2005 she founded Gallery in-the-Field, a fine art gallery and performance space, whose mission is to present the work of provocative, innovative living artists.

Along with the production of her own art, Bull teaches in universities and art schools throughout the United States and abroad.

Fran Bull is represented by Walker Fine Art in Denver, Colorado.

Books

In 1990, Bull collaborated with Ann Salwey on an artist's book Mordant Rhymes for Modern Times.

In Barcelona in 2001, Bull co-authored an artist's book with Carolyn Corbett: Balm of Dreams = Bálsamo de mis sueños. It combines Corbett's love poetry with Bull's copper plate etchings, "Suite Sweet."

References

External links
 http://www.franbull.com
 http://www.galleryinthefield.com
 http://www.walkerfineart.com
 http://www.carvingstudio.org/
 http://www.designerscarvesbymarlena.com/Meet%20Fran%20Bull.html

American artists
1938 births
Living people


Antoine Bello (born 25 March 1970) is a French-American author born in Boston, Massachusetts, whose works have been widely translated. His novels touch on multiple subjects, such as the relation between reality and fiction, human cognition and journalism. He writes in French, his native tongue. He has been living in the greater New York Area since 2002.

Work
Bello's first book, Les Funambules (), a collection of short stories, was published in France in 1996. It received the Prix littéraire de la vocation awarded by the Fondation Bleustein-Blanchet. One of the short stories included in Les Funambules had received the Prix du jeune écrivain de langue française in 1993.

Since then, Bello's has published nine novels, which have been translated into a dozen languages, such as German, Russian, Greek and Japanese. Six of them are available in English : The Falsifiers (Kindle Edition, 2015), The Pathfinders (Kindle Edition, 2016), The Showrunners (Kindle Edition, 2017), An American Novel (Kindle Edition, 2016), The Disappearance of Emilie Brunet (Kindle Edition, 2016), and The Missing Piece ().
All his books have been published by Éditions Gallimard.

Bello's main body of work, known as the Falsificateurs trilogy, centers around a secret international organization, the CFR, which falsifies reality and rewrites history. The first installment, Les Falsificateurs (The Falsifiers), was published in 2007. Les Éclaireurs () was awarded the prestigious Prix France Culture - Télérama award in 2009. Les Producteurs was released in 2015. Bello's trilogy has taken a new significance with the current debate about fake news, prompting him to give interviews in French and Canadian media.

Bello is a staunch supporter of Wikipedia. Since 2014, he has been donating his royalties to the Wikimedia Foundation and urging his readers to follow suit. In an interview to the web-hosting company OVH, he compared Wikipedia to a public service. In another interview with the Wikimedia Foundation, he said he was humbled by the editors' dedication: "Every time I use it [Wikipedia], I think of the people who have taken the time and devoted long evenings doing that. And I wonder, ‘Who are these people? Why did they do it? What an appetite for knowledge and for sharing it they must have.’ And I feel blessed that people do that."

Other pursuits
Prior to becoming a full-time writer, Bello co-founded the French company Ubiqus, which he sold in 2007. He's also the creator of the now-defunct ranking website Rankopedia.

In 2021, Bello founded The Population Project, an attempt at listing the full names and dates of birth of all humans alive.

Bibliography
 Les Funambules, recueil de nouvelles (Manikin 100, Soltino, Go Ganymède !, Le dossier Krybolski et L'année Zu), éditions Gallimard, 1996. ,
 Éloge de la pièce manquante, éditions Gallimard, 1998. ,
 Les Falsificateurs, éditions Gallimard, 2007. ,
 Les Éclaireurs, éditions Gallimard, 2009. ,
 Enquête sur la disparition d'Émilie Brunet, éditions Gallimard, 2010. ,
 Mateo, éditions Gallimard, 2013. ,
 Roman américain, éditions Gallimard, 2014. ,
 Les Producteurs, éditions Gallimard, 2015. ,
 Ada, éditions Gallimard, 2016. ,
 L'homme qui s'envola, éditions Gallimard, 2017. ,
 Scherbius (et moi), éditions Gallimard, 2018. ,

Works in English
The Missing Piece Orlando : Harcourt, 2003, ,
 The Falsifiers (e-book only)
 The Pathfinders (e-book only)
 The Showrunners (e-book only)
 The Disappearance of Émilie Brunet (e-book only)
 An American Novel (e-book only)
 Ada (e-book only)
 The Man Who Vanished (e-book only)

Translations from English to French
 Du rififi à Wall Street, Vlad Eisinger, éditions Gallimard, 2020 ,

Decorations and awards
 Young Leader of the French-American Foundation (2009)
 Prix France-Culture/Telerama for Les Éclaireurs (The Pathfinders) (2009).
 Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters (2015)
 Prix Version Femina for L'homme qui s'envola (2017).
 Prix Charles Brisset, awarded by the French Association of Psychiatry, for Scherbius (and me) (2018).

References

External links
 Official website
 Bello's page on Goodreads

1970 births
20th-century French novelists
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French novelists
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
French male novelists
French male short story writers
French mystery writers
Living people
Writers from Boston
20th-century French short story writers
21st-century French short story writers
21st-century French male writers


The John Basilone Veterans Memorial Bridge is a bridge in New Jersey that crosses the Raritan River. The bridge was built in 2005 to replace the smaller Nevius Street Bridge built in 1886.  The Nevius Street Bridge today functions as a pedestrian bridge.  The bridge connects First Avenue and what used to be the short one way block of Lyman Street in Raritan with River Road in Hillsborough.  After crossing into Hillsborough, the road curves to meet up with the old alignment with the Nevius Street Bridge.  The bridge is named for local World War II hero, John Basilone.  The bridge has a pedestrian tunnel underneath its northern approach, as part of the Raritan River Greenway.

See also
List of crossings of the Raritan River

References

Bridges in Somerset County, New Jersey
Monuments and memorials in New Jersey
Bridges over the Raritan River
Road bridges in New Jersey


Xeo-Genetic is the fourth studio album by the electro group Aux 88. The album was nominated for the Detroit Music Awards.

Track listing
 Begin (Intro 1) 0:11
 Welcome (Intro 2) 1:02
 Play It Loud 5:17
 The Light (Interlude) 0:48
 Electric Light 5:25
 Synthesizers 5:35
 No Time (Episode) 2:35
 I Hear Rhythms 6:05
 Radio Waves 5:26
 Don't Stop It 4:51
 Xeo-Genetic 2:59
 Just a Test (Interlude) 0:04
 I Need to Find Myself 3:12
 Rise of the Phoenix 6:02
 Alien Contact (Interlude) 0:48
 Computer Speaks 4:56
 Hydro Spin (Episode) 1:12
 Rhythm by Numbers 4:37
 Completed (Outro 1) 0:32
 Return (Outro 2) 0:07

References

1999 albums
Aux 88 albums


Trangleball is an all terrain sport. It is played using a 3-sided pyramid. Around the pyramid is a field made up of two circles: an inner circle with a radius of 7.5 feet, and an outer circle with a radius of 14 feet. In each of the 3 sectors are 2 opponents  who must throw the ball on the pyramid so that the other players will catch not it. Bursts of lateral movement are necessary to throw and catch the ball.  Trangleball is a team sport, as is captured by its slogan, "There Is No "i" in Trangleball... It Is a Team Sport."

The game can be played 1 on 1, 2 on 2, or 3 on 3.

Trangleball was founded by Mark Miller in Fire Island, New York.

References

External links
Official Trangleball website
Trangleball 16th Annual Tournament

Ball games


Michael Hofmann (born 3 November 1972) is a Germany football manager and former football player, who is goalkeeper coach of Türkgücü München.

Throughout his career, he played for SpVgg Bayreuth and 1860 Munich. He also spent time at SSV Jahn Regensburg as a player and coach.

Playing career

After his contract at TSV 1860 München was not renewed Hofmann joined 3. Liga club SSV Jahn Regensburg.

Managerial career
On 11 June 2014, Hofmann was named as the new manager of Kirchheimer SC.

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bayreuth
Footballers from Upper Franconia
German men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
TSV 1860 Munich players
SSV Jahn Regensburg players
Türkgücü München players


In mathematics, the Regiomontanus's angle maximization problem, is a famous optimization problem posed by the 15th-century German mathematician Johannes Müller (also known as Regiomontanus). The problem is as follows:

 A painting hangs from a wall.  Given the heights of the top and bottom of the painting above the viewer's eye level, how far from the wall should the viewer stand in order to maximize the angle subtended by the painting and whose vertex is at the viewer's eye?

If the viewer stands too close to the wall or too far from the wall, the angle is small; somewhere in between it is as large as possible.

The same approach applies to finding the optimal place from which to kick a ball in rugby. For that matter, it is not necessary that the alignment of the picture be at right angles: we might be looking at a window of the Leaning Tower of Pisa or a realtor showing off the advantages of a sky-light in a sloping attic roof.

Solution by elementary geometry

There is a unique circle passing through the top and bottom of the painting and tangent to the eye-level line.  By elementary geometry, if the viewer's position were to move along the circle, the angle subtended by the painting would remain constant.  All positions on the eye-level line except the point of tangency are outside of the circle, and therefore the angle subtended by the painting from those points is smaller.

Let

 a = the height of the painting´s bottom above eye level;
 b = the height of the painting´s top above eye level;

A right triangle is formed from the centre of the circle, the centre of the picture and the bottom of the picture. The hypotenuse has the length of the circle´s radius a+(b-a)/2, the length of the two legs are the distance from the wall to the point of tangency and (b-a)/2 respectively. According to the Pythagorean theorem, the distance from the wall to the point of tangency is therefore , i. e. the  geometric mean  of the heights of the top and bottom of the painting.

Solution by calculus
In the present day, this problem is widely known because it appears as an exercise in many first-year calculus textbooks (for example that of Stewart ).

Let

 a = the height of the bottom of the painting above eye level;
 b = the height of the top of the painting above eye level;
 x = the viewer's distance from the wall;
 α = the angle of elevation of the bottom of the painting, seen from the viewer's position;
 β = the angle of elevation of the top of the painting, seen from the viewer's position.

The angle we seek to maximize is β − α.  The tangent of the angle increases as the angle increases; therefore it suffices to maximize

Since b − a is a positive constant, we only need to maximize the fraction that follows it.  Differentiating, we get

Therefore the angle increases as x goes from 0 to  and decreases as x increases from .  The angle is therefore as large as possible precisely when x = , the geometric mean of a and b.

Solution by algebra

We have seen that it suffices to maximize

This is equivalent to minimizing the reciprocal:

Observe that this last quantity is equal to

This is as small as possible precisely when the square is 0, and that happens when x = .  Alternatively, we might cite this as an instance of the inequality between the arithmetic and geometric means.

References

Trigonometry
Circles
Calculus
History of mathematics
Mathematical problems


A car alarm is an electronic security device for vehicles

Car Alarm may also refer to:

Car Alarm (album), 2008 album by The Sea and Cake
"Car Alarm", 2007 TV series episode from Kim Possible


Far North is an independently produced film by director Asif Kapadia, based on a short story by Sara Maitland. It was screened at various film festivals in 2007 and 2008 before an American DVD release on 23 September 2008.

Plot
The film opens up with a voiceover of a woman named Saiva telling the listener that a shaman said she was cursed at birth and would bring harm to anyone she cared for. While she and a young woman named Anja are camping in a subarctic region of Siberia, in desperation, she takes one of her sled dogs and after calming it, slits its throat. She and Anja then set out to relocate their camp. On the way, they almost get caught by Soviet/Russian soldiers. Fearing the worst, Saiva ventures out with Anja into the far north to the arctic tundra, passing abandoned telephone wire trees and to the area where she believes no one would ever find them. After a long paddle north, they pitch camp on a beach, where they set up their yurt.

While sleeping in the night, Saiva has a flashback to her past among the reindeer tribes, after being shunned by her own tribe. In her flashback, she encounters a man who invites her into his tribe to help with the reindeer round-up. The two fall in love with each other, and after a time he gives her a wolf claw necklace. Going back to the present, Saiva and Anja live a harsh brutal life in the tundra hunting animals for their survival. One day while hunting alone, Saiva encounters a badly wounded man nearly frozen and starved to death. After his collapse, she tries to loot him, but the man regains consciousness briefly and asks for her help. Accepting him, Saiva brings him to the yurt and cleans his wounds.

Later the man claims the name of "Loki". The next day on a hunting trip with them, Loki asks what he can do for them in return for their kindness; Saiva replies "We'll see", but Anja asks him to bring a reindeer. After a successful seal hunt, Loki tells Saiva in their yurt that he was an escapee from soldiers that came to clear out the tundra, and that if they find him they will shoot him. He then shows them his portable hand-cranked radio. Later, Loki tries to keep his promise by bringing them a reindeer. But as he is about to shoot one, he is detained by a couple of Soviet soldiers. Just as they are about to put him in their boat, he fights back and kills both of them. He then comes back with their looted supplies and gives them to Saiva and Anja. Saiva tries to warn him about her secret, but Anja interrupts her and they hang out with each other more and more. Another flashback scene shows Saiva finding all of her tribe dead, except for the man that she fell in love with, who is tied up. One of the soldiers slits the man's throat, after he spit in his face. When she tries to run away, the soldiers catch her and the same one who killed the man rapes her. She finds a baby girl after that in one of the yurts. One of the soldiers asks her to lead them to the mainland, as they are lost, and in return promises to keep her and the baby alive. It is implied that this baby is Anja. Later when she and the soldiers were crossing a glacier, she uses a knife to cut the rope and then pulls all of the soldiers into a crevasse.

Anja and Loki spend more and more time together during the following months. One night when Saiva is out hunting, they have intercourse. Loki eventually fulfills his promise on killing a reindeer. As their love builds up, and Anja is pregnant, Loki and Anja plan on leaving to go to civilization and have a family of their own. When Anja tells this to Saiva one evening, Saiva is visibly shaken and speechless. As tension builds up Saiva's mind gets more and more worked up with depression of her daughter's leave; even when Anja asks her to come with them she is speechless. That night Loki goes out hunting. Saiva tricks by offering Anja to comb and braid her hair, but suddenly chokes her to death with the braid. She then skins Anja's face and disguises herself with it. When Loki comes back, he has sex with Saiva, assuming that she is Anja. Saiva says she loves him. When he then discovers Saiva's identity, he is horrified and flees the yurt naked into the frozen tundra. The film ends with Saiva sobbing alone in her yurt.

Cast
 Michelle Yeoh as Saiva
 Michelle Krusiec as Anja
 Sean Bean as Loki

References

External links

2007 films
2007 independent films
2000s adventure films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films
British crime drama films
Films scored by Dario Marianelli
Filicide in fiction
Films about curses
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Asif Kapadia
Films about hunters
Films about rape
Films set in the Arctic
Films set in the 20th century
Films set in Siberia
Films set in the Soviet Union


Erin's Isle refers to the island of Ireland.

Erin's Isle or Erins Isle may also refer to:

Erins Isle (horse), a thoroughbred racehorse that competed in Ireland and the United States
Erins Isle GAA, a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Finglas, Dublin
HMS Erin's Isle, formerly PS Erin's Isle, a paddle steamer built in 1912

See also
Far From Erin's Isle, a 1912 American silent film
Erin (disambiguation)


The Thought Criminals were an influential and enterprising Australian punk band based in Sydney. They formed in late 1977 and disbanded in late 1981.  The "angular, fast and quirky punk rock" of the Thought Criminals "was a fixture in the burgeoning Sydney underground scene." The band's name was derived from the concept of 'thoughtcrimes' (unapproved thoughts) from George Orwell's book, Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Thought Criminals exemplified the do-it-yourself punk ethos of the late 1970s, with which they combined considerable business acumen. The band members formed the Doublethink record label and agency which provided recording and live performance opportunities for other new bands.

History

An inner-city punk band
The Thought Criminals were formed in late 1977 with the initial line-up of Roger Grierson (aka Jack Boots; guitar), Rique Lee Kendall (aka Matt Black; bass) and Bruce Warner (aka Kit Identity; vocals).  Various drummers played in the band during this early period.  The band's first gigs were at Blondies in Bondi Junction in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs.  Inspired by the DIY ethic of the Desperate Bicycles, the Thought Criminals' first recording was the EP Hilton Bomber, with Mark Kingsmill (aka Jim Boots) on drums. The EP was the inaugural release on the band's own Doublethink label.

Rique Lee Kendall left to join the Last Words and, in turn, the Last Words' drummer, Ken Doyle (aka Derik Wapillspoon), joined the Thought Criminals.  With the inclusion of Stephen Philip (aka Vivi Sector) on guitar, Roger Grierson switched to bass. By the end of 1978 John Hoey (aka The General) had also joined the Thought Criminals, playing keyboards.

The Thought Criminals built up a following with performances at mainly inner-city venues. The music of the Thought Criminals, in their early recordings and live performances, has been described as a "jagged, frantic sound". Their songs often had an irreverent sense of humour, perhaps exemplified by the following extract from "Fun" (1978): "Don’t want no top ten hit / Don’t want no disco shit / Just wanna have fun".

The Thought Criminals' debut album, Speed. Madness.. Flying Saucers…, was released in February 1980. The songs were recorded in three separate sessions spread over a period of eighteen months. The Thought Criminals' Doublethink label evolved from a record label to include agency and PR functions.  Other less-established bands such as Tactics, Popular Mechanics and Sekret Sekret became incorporated within the Doublethink stable.

In 1980 the band toured beyond the precincts of their usual inner-city venues, at the end of which they announced their intention to retire from live performances. In their own words: "The band were not enamoured of the Music Business and had made a pact that when it wasn’t fun they’d call it a day – so when it wasn’t, they did". The Thought Criminals' final gig was at Chequers in inner-city Sydney on 29 August 1980.

In their studio phase during the following year the Thought Criminals recorded a second album, You Only Think Twice, which "revealed the band expanding its scope with a more considered and diverse approach". In late 1981 the band played a live show at Chequers, after which the Thought Criminals disbanded.

Roger Grierson, Warren Fahey and rock journalist Stuart Coupe set up the Green record label in the early 1980s.  Grierson continued to work in band and tour management, eventually attaining the position of Managing Director of PolyGram Music Publishing, and later Chairman of Festival Records.  In 1982 guitarist Stephen Philip joined Do-Ré-Mi.  In 1988 keyboardist John Hoey joined Died Pretty.  Bruce Warner became an animator and the drummer Ken Doyle works in computing.

Occasional resurrections
In July 2005 a retrospective two-CD anthology (Chrono-logical) was released, which featured all the Thought Criminals' recordings released under the Doublethink and GREEN labels.  On 4 February 2006 the band reformed for a one-off performance at the Annandale Hotel to publicise the CD. On the subject of reforming the Thought Criminals after 25 years Roger Grierson commented: "It seemed like everybody was doing it and with the release of the CD, and we put a website up to give away all the songs for free, it dragged a few people out of the woodwork".

In September 2006 the Thought Criminals took the stage again in a concert with Buzzcocks at Sydney's Century Theatre. In February 2007 they again reformed to play with T.V. Smith of The Adverts at the Annandale Hotel.

Discography

Singles & EPs
 Hilton Bomber EP (Doublethink DTDT1, June 1978) – "Hilton Bomber" / "I Won’t Pay (for Punk Records)" / "Fun" / "O Bleak T.V."
 Food for Thoughtcrimes EP (Doublethink DTDT2, July 1979) – "More Suicides Please" / "The Cut-out Man" / "Display-Response: Action" / "So All the Superheroes" / "Stolen Air"
 "Edge of Time" / "Equidistance" (Doublethink DTDT10, August 1980)
 "Land of the Living Room" / "Oceania Oceania" (one-sided 7-inch gig giveaway - 29 August 1980)
 Peace, Love and Under Surveillance EP (7-inch reformation gig giveaway; 2007) – "Forty Days" / "Red Fingers" / "Noel Brown’s Visit" / "DNA" / "Takeover Target"
 "LOCKDOWN TOWN" (Online release - YouTube, August 2020)

Albums
 Speed. Madness.. Flying Saucers… (Doublethink DTDT8, February 1980)
 You Only Think Twice (Green / Larrikin LRG-082, October 1981)
 Chrono-Logical (Ascension Records, July 2005)

Notes

References
 McFarlane, Ian. The Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop. Allen & Unwin, 1999. .

External links

 The Thought Criminals' Official Site
 Complete Discography (including live recordings)

Australian punk rock groups
Australian indie rock groups


Aurora Carlson (born 1987, London) is a television presenter and China scholar.

In 2007, Aurora Carlson was hired as the youngest-ever PRC Foreign Expert to China Central Television (CCTV). She hosted a weekly series called Rediscovering China, a documentary-style program exploring socio-economic changes throughout the country. The show was filmed on-location at rural and urban sites across mainland China. She conducted interviews in Mandarin Chinese, followed by English commentary. She also wrote stories for CCTV News.

Carlson hosted a Mandarin Chinese language series broadcast, "Easy Chinese", daily during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The 24-part series is due to be published into a book, by Popular Science Press (China).

She worked as a property management consultant to China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC).
Also served as an op-ed columnist to China Daily.

Carlson was the head of Asia Investor Relations for OurCrowd.

References

External links
 Rediscovering China Bio
 CCTV9
 Easy Chinese

1987 births
Living people
Television people from London
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni


The Cynic epistles are a collection of letters expounding the principles and practices of Cynic philosophy mostly written, rewritten, or translated, in the time of the Roman empire, but purporting to have been written by much earlier philosophers.

Letters and dating
The two main groups of letters are a set of 51 letters attributed to Diogenes of Sinope, and a set of 36 letters attributed to Crates of Thebes. Most of the letters of Diogenes were probably written or altered in the 1st century BCE, whereas the letters of Crates, some of which seem to be based on the Diogenes letters, probably date from the 1st century CE. It is not known who wrote the letters, but they seem to have been influenced by multiple authors. Written in Koine Greek, the Epistles are among the few Cynic writings which have survived from the time of the Roman empire.

In addition to these letters, there are 10 spurious epistles attributed to Anacharsis and 9 epistles attributed to Heraclitus. The letters of Anacharsis may have been written in the 3rd century BCE, whereas the Heraclitean letters probably date from the 1st century CE. Anacharsis and Heraclitus predate the Cynics, but they were both regarded by the Cynics to have anticipated Cynic ideals. There are also 35 Socratic epistles supposedly written by Socrates and his followers (Antisthenes, Aristippus, Aeschines, Xenophon, etc.), many of these letters were also written by someone with a strong affinity towards Cynic ideals, albeit with a sympathy towards Aristippus rather than Antisthenes. Other fictitious letters, such as some of those attributed to Hippocrates, could also be included among the Cynic epistles.

Content
The Cynic epistles deal with ethical matters rather than religious ones: their purpose is not to seek the divine, but rather to seek the ethically pure life by breaking away from social norms and conventions via ascetic practices. The content of the epistles are not especially original, but probably served as a means to propagate Cynic ideology. The letters discuss different aspects of the Cynic way of life, as part of a rigorous training (askesis). Thus instructions and explanations are given on whom (and whom not) to emulate and how different aspects of wisdom are acquired and demonstrated, mixed in with polemics directed against people who oppose these ideals. The moral anecdotes contained in the epistles are probably examples of those used by Cynic street preachers of the time. As with much Cynic thought in the time of the Roman empire, the content of the epistles show influences from Stoicism and other philosophies.

See also
Simon the Shoemaker

References

Further reading
 Abraham J. Malherbe (editor), (1977), The Cynic Epistles: A Study Edition. SBL.  (Greek text with English translation.)

External links
John Savage, (1703), A Select Collection of Letters of Antients. Pages 421-4, translations of Diogenes' epistles 1, 21, 31. Pages 432-6, translations of Diogenes' epistles 10, 23, 33, 38.

Ancient Greek philosophical literature
Cynicism
Ancient Roman philosophical literature
Texts in Koine Greek
Collections of letters
Ancient Greek pseudepigrapha


The four teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner Portugal qualified for the 1966 FIFA World Cup held in England.

Matches

Portugal qualified.

Final Table

Team stats

Head coach:  Manuel da Luz Afonso

Head coach:  Václav Jira (first match);  Jozef Marko (second to sixth match)

Head coach:  Ilie Oană

Head coach:  Sandro Puppo

External links
FIFA official page
RSSSF – 1966 World Cup Qualification
Allworldcup

4
1964–65 in Portuguese football
qual
1964–65 in Czechoslovak football
1965–66 in Czechoslovak football
1964–65 in Romanian football
1965–66 in Romanian football
1964–65 in Turkish football
1965–66 in Turkish football


Jami Deadly (born May 18, 1979 as Jami Edwards) is an American actress, glamour model, singer, burlesque dancer and horror host. Jami grew up in Texas. She lives in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Biography
Jami Edwards was a nightclub dancer. Along with students from the University of North Texas, she launched and hosted the horror host show Deadly Cinema which ran from 2003 to 2005 (2 seasons) on the Denton channel NTTV. The staff was amateur and working for school credits. The show is currently broadcast on Roku.

After Deadly Cinema, Jami Deadly became a burlesque performer. She made an appearance in the 2007 movie Devil Girl alongside Dita Von Teese. Jami is also a Marilyn Monroe tribute artist, and performed as such during the 2006 Texas State Fair. Jami's transformation into Marilyn is supported by a coach to help her coax her Texas twang into Marilyn's breathiness. She has taken singing and dancing lessons to perfect Marilyn's routines, and her blond hair requires weekly peroxide applications.

Jamie Deadly has modeled for Poison Candy and Versatile Fashions. She was a SuicideGirls model.

Since the mid-2000s, she only made rare appearances in public events.

Filmography

Prizes
2005: Scream Queen of the month by Screamqueen.com

References

External links

1979 births
Female models from Texas
Horror hosts
Living people
American neo-burlesque performers
People from McKinney, Texas
People from the Las Vegas Valley
21st-century American women


Danny Schwarz (born 11 May 1975) is a German football coach and former player who last coached Würzburger Kickers. He played as a defensive midfielder. He is the manager of FC 08 Homburg.

Playing career

Schwarz was born in Göppingen. He played for VfB Stuttgart between the 1995–96 season and 1997–98 season, Karlsruher SC during the 1998–99 season, SpVgg Unterhaching between the 1999–2000 season and the 2001–02 season, and 1860 Munich during the 2002–03 season and 2003–04 season. He returns to Karlsruhe and 1860 Munich. He also played for the reserve team. He finished his playing career at Bayern Munich II.

Coaching career
He was interim head coach for Bayern's reserve team from 23 March 2017 until the end of the season. He finished with a record of five wins and four draws in nine matches. He then managed the under-17 team of Bayern Munich. On 2 April 2021, Bayern Munich announced that Schwarz and Martín Demichelis would replace Holger Seitz as Bayern's reserve team manager. Bayern also announced that Seitz's last match would be against VfB Lübeck on 3 April 2021.

On 13 October 2021, he was appointed as the new head coach of Würzburger Kickers. He was sacked on 10 February 2022. He won one match, drew five matches and lost seven matches as head coach of Würzburger Kickers.

In May 2023, it was announced that Schwarz would become new manager of FC 08 Homburg.

Career statistics

Club

Managerial record

1.Bayern Munich stated Danny Schwarz is co-manager with Martin Demichelis.

Honours
Stuttgart
DFB-Pokal: 1996–97

References

External links

German men's footballers
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's B international footballers
1975 births
Living people
VfB Stuttgart players
VfB Stuttgart II players
Karlsruher SC players
SpVgg Unterhaching players
TSV 1860 Munich players
FC Bayern Munich II players
Men's association football midfielders
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Regionalliga players
FC Bayern Munich non-playing staff
FC Bayern Munich II managers
Würzburger Kickers managers
3. Liga managers
German football managers
People from Göppingen
Footballers from Stuttgart (region)
West German men's footballers


Tuika Tuika is an American Samoan politician and former member of the American Samoa Fono.

Tuika has worked as an accountant in the Territorial Audit Office and Tax office, as a teacher at the American Samoa Community College, and as a political staffer. He was elected to the American Samoa House of Representatives in 1985.

Tuika ran as a candidate for Governor of American Samoa in the 2008 gubernatorial election. His running mate for Lieutenant Governor was Tee Masaniai. The ticket received just 0.51 per cent of the popular vote.

Tuika announced his candidacy for Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2010 election for United States House of Representatives election in American Samoa, but placed third behind incumbent Rep. Eni Faleomavaega.

He ran again for lieutenant governor in 2012, for governor in 2016, and for Congressional Delegate in 2014 and 2018.

See also
2008 American Samoa gubernatorial election

References

External links
 Samoa News political advertisement for Tukia for Governor, Nonpartisan candidates

American Samoan accountants
American Samoan politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)