In professional sports within the United States and Canada, a trade is a sports league transaction between sports clubs involving the exchange of player rights from one team to another. Though player rights are the primary trading assets, draft picks and cash are other assets that may be supplemented to consummate a trade, either packaged alongside player rights to be transferred to another team, or as standalone assets in exchange for player rights and/or draft picks in return. Typically, trades are completed between two clubs, but there are instances where trades are consummated between three or more clubs.

Trades only involve players who are under contract with their current teams; free agent players, whose contracts have expired, cannot be traded by their former teams, and are free to join a different team.

In Major League Baseball, a player to be named later can be used to finalize the terms of a trade at a later date, but draft picks are not admissible as trading assets (with one exception). In Major League Soccer, besides current MLS players and draft picks, clubs may also trade MLS rights to non-MLS players, allocation money, allocation rankings, and international player slots.

No-trade clause
A no-trade clause is an amendment to a contract, usually relevant in North American professional sports, wherein a player may not be traded to another club without the player's consent. Sometimes this clause is implemented by the club itself, but the vast majority are requested by the athlete and their sports agent to avoid being sent to a non-contending club and/or a club in an unattractive city.  In many cases, these no-trade clauses are limited, where a club may be limited to trading the athlete only at certain times, or only to a certain team or geographical area.

No-trade clauses are found in most sports in North America, including Major League Baseball, the National Football League, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, Major League Soccer, and some minor leagues around the country.  Many European leagues, mostly professional soccer and basketball, also implement these contract amendments.

Each league usually has its own rules regarding these clauses; for example in the NBA, no-trade clauses can only be negotiated into contracts when a player has at least four years of service for the team he is signing the contract with and at least eight years total in the NBA.  Other leagues have other varying rules, for example in MLB the "Ten and Five" rule gives most players limited control on their tradability once they meet the ten and five criteria, which means the player has played in the league ten seasons and with the current team for at least five.

In the NHL, these rights have been blamed for the lack of trades that have been pulled off in recent years, with critics citing examples where "done deals" were blown up by "selfish players." Despite having a no-trade clause in the contract, players have often demanded to be traded and then use the no-trade clause to select a preferable destination team, even though this would not give the maximum value to the team he is departing.  To avoid such a potential situation an astute general manager would first demand that the player waive the no-trade clause before considering a trade, though this would reduce the player's leverage.

Waiver of no-trade clause
Often the no-trade clause is waived by the players themselves, usually in order to play for a contending team.

MLB

In one dramatic case in 2001, Tampa Bay Devil Rays first baseman Fred McGriff mulled over waiving his rights for nearly a month before ultimately accepting a deal which sent him to the Chicago Cubs.

In 2017, Miami Marlins outfielder Giancarlo Stanton rejected trades both to the St. Louis Cardinals and San Francisco Giants, saying that he would refuse to waive his no-trade clause for any teams other than the contenders Chicago Cubs, hometown Los Angeles Dodgers, up-and-coming New York Yankees, and reigning 2017 World Series champion Houston Astros. Stanton was eventually traded to the Yankees for Starlin Castro, Jorge Guzman, and José Devers.

NBA
In 2007, Kobe Bryant was willing to waive his no-trade clause with the Los Angeles Lakers in order to be dealt to either the Phoenix Suns or the Chicago Bulls, but in this case, Bryant's own pickiness as far as where he would like to play limited the Lakers' ability to move him, and eventually no trade was made at all.

In 2023, Bradley Beal agreed to waive his no-trade clause only one year into his new five-year deal with the Washington Wizards (who went into new management after the Wizards' 2022–23 season concluded) in order to be dealt to a few teams in mind, primarily the Miami Heat or Phoenix Suns. Despite the threat of harsher penalties that would be implemented for future seasons to come, Beal ultimately agreed to be traded to the Suns, with Phoenix agreeing to trade star point guard Chris Paul, Landry Shamet, and multiple second round picks and pick swaps to make the trade happen.

NHL

Darryl Sittler's no-trade clause protected him from being moved, when Toronto Maple Leafs owner Harold Ballard and manager Punch Imlach wanted to get rid of or reduce Sittler's influence on the team (Imlach instead traded Lanny McDonald to spite Sittler); a few years later Sittler waived the clause when relations between him and Ballard deteriorated. Dany Heatley demanded a trade from the Ottawa Senators at the end of the 2008–09 season; a deal was in place to send Heatley to the Edmonton Oilers on June 30, but Heatley refused to waive his no-trade clause (the Oilers had missed the playoffs for three straight seasons), so he was traded to the San Jose Sharks instead, with the Senators receiving a much lesser package than the one offered by the Oilers. Rick Nash demanded a trade from the Columbus Blue Jackets during the 2011–12 NHL season, but the deal could not be completed due to general manager Scott Howson's high asking price from the teams to whom Nash would have permitted a trade. The holdout lasted into the summer of 2012, when he was traded to the New York Rangers for Brandon Dubinsky, Tim Erixon, Artem Anisimov, and the Rangers' first-round pick in the 2013 draft.

In an unusual case, Mats Sundin refused to waive his no-trade clause during the latter part of the  2007–08 season, even though his Maple Leafs were on track to miss the playoffs, and his contract was set to expire after the season concluded. Leafs management requested that Sundin waive his no-trade clause in order for the team to rebuild by acquiring potential young talent and/or draft picks, and Sundin was coveted by several teams looking to bolster their roster for the playoffs before the trade deadline. Sundin said he did not believe in being a "rental player" and that if he won the Stanley Cup, he wanted to do it over the course of a whole season.

Trade deadline
A trade deadline (or trading deadline) is a rule regulating the trading of professional players' contracts between clubs. In Major League Baseball and the National Hockey League, players acquired through trade after the trade deadline are ineligible for postseason play in that season, unless the respective league allows them to replace an injured player on the roster. In the National Football League, National Basketball Association and Major League Soccer, post-deadline trades are not allowed. This term is used mainly in North America. In the approach to the deadline, there is heightened activity and interest in trades.

The purpose of a trade deadline is to keep competitive balance towards the end of the season.

MLB
The traditional Major League Baseball (MLB) trade deadline of July 31 has been in effect since the 1986 Basic Agreement which resulted from the resolution of the 1985 MLB strike. Commissioner Rob Manfred moved it to August 1 for the 2016 season only, as July 31, 2016 was a Sunday. However, following the 2023 Collective Bargaining Agreement, the league gained more scheduling flexibility. The deadline now can fall anywhere between a July 28th and August 3rd window. After the All-Star break, teams will determine whether or not they are in position to contend for the postseason. Because of free agency and the lack of a salary cap in baseball, players in the final year of their contract are often put on the "trading block" by many of the non-playoff contending teams. Smaller market teams that feel they cannot pay veteran players' high salaries will often attempt to trade them to a postseason contender, in exchange for some minor league prospects or other players who might be able to help them in the future.

Until the 2019 season, MLB had a separate waiver trade deadline of August 31. Between August 1 and August 31, players were required to clear waivers before they could be traded. The waivers were revocable, meaning that a team could revoke the claim of another team on their player. The August 31 waiver trade deadline was eliminated effective with the 2019 season.

The trade deadline was instituted by MLB in response to various attempts by two New York City-based ballclubs, the Giants and Yankees, to use their financial advantages to tilt their respective leagues' competitive balance in their favor from 1917 through 1922. In the Yankees' case, most of its dealings were with the Boston Red Sox. The American League (AL) established MLB's first-ever such rule in 1920 as an indirect result of the Red Sox's sale of Babe Ruth to the Yankees. It prohibited the trading and selling of ballplayers between August 1 and the conclusion of the World Series. A uniform rule serving both major leagues, which was adopted prior to the 1923 season, set the deadline at June 15. The date, chosen by MLB Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis based on a suggestion from  Pittsburgh Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss, remained in effect through the 1985 season.

NBA
The National Basketball Association's deadline falls on the 16th Thursday of the season (usually in mid-February) at 3pm Eastern Time. The deadline for the 2011–12 season was on March 15, 2012, due to the 2011–12 NBA lockout. In the NBA, post-deadline trades are forbidden, although teams are allowed to sign free agents and call up players from the G League until the end of the regular season.

NFL
The National Football League's deadline is the Tuesday following the eighth week (formerly sixth) of the regular season.

Usually, there is fairly little activity on this day and almost no star players are ever dealt to other clubs on the sixth week of the season. The early deadline, along with players having to learn a whole new system on the fly, along with the salary cap often makes it difficult to make blockbuster trades on this day, unlike most other sports. Post-deadline trades are forbidden in the NFL, unless the trade was initially proposed prior to the deadline.

NHL
The National Hockey League's trade deadline is calculated as the 40th day before the final day of the regular season, ensuring that it typically falls during the last week of February or the first week of March. Much like Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association, the NHL's trade deadline is often a period of increased player movement; teams that are either making a final push to secure a playoff spot or hoping to go deep into the playoffs attempt to trade to acquire key veterans or proven scorers in order to solidify their rosters. Conversely, teams that are rebuilding with younger players may be willing to trade away their more expensive players in order to "dump" (reduce) salary and get draft picks/prospects in return. Players on playoff-contending teams who are injured and not expected to return for the current season may be offered to teams that are rebuilding, since they will be of no value to a team's playoff prospects in the current season but may be of value to another team for (a) future season(s). Also, players who are about to become unrestricted free agents and have indicated that they do not intend to return to their current teams may be traded away so that those teams will get something in return, instead of seeing such players sign with another team while their former teams receive nothing.

The NHL trade deadline also generates a great deal of talk among hockey fans and analysts, with much speculation and discussion about which players will get traded and where they will go. In Canada, the NHL trade deadline is treated with such significance that the two major sports networks TSN and Sportsnet devote much of the day to speculation and coverage of trades.

Association football

Association football clubs have two transfer windows per season. In most countries, one falls during the middle of the season and the other runs during the period between seasons, generally called the "close season" in Europe and "off-season" in North America.  For those countries with seasons starting in August/September such as most European countries, the midseason transfer window usually falls in January, and the other one opens from June to September. In countries with seasons that operate entirely within a calendar year, like many leagues in Latin America or Northern Europe, as well as North America's Major League Soccer, the midseason transfer window opens in July/August, while the other starts from March to April. The difference between a transfer window and a trade deadline is that players cannot be bought or sold outside these transfer window periods. The notion of transfer windows was initially introduced in Europe, and subsequently adopted by FIFA. Like North America's trade deadline, there is greatly increased activity and interest as the close of a transfer window draws near.

MLS
In Major League Soccer, trades between MLS teams that involve players and player transfers from outside MLS must occur during either the primary transfer window (typically February - May) or secondary transfer window (July - August).

The MLS roster freeze date falls on September 15, at which time teams must submit their final roster that cannot be changed through the day after the MLS Cup.

See also
Major League Baseball transactions#Trades
Player to be named later
Sign-and-trade deal
Transfer (association football)
List of largest National Football League trades

References

Terminology used in multiple sports
Sports terminology
Sports labor relations


Joseph J. "Sport" Sullivan (November 2, 1870 – April 6, 1949) was an American bookmaker and gambler from Boston, Massachusetts who helped to initiate the 1919 Black Sox Scandal.

Biography
Sullivan was a known gambler in the Boston area who reportedly bet heavily on the 1903 World Series, and in fact tried to bribe Boston pitcher Cy Young. He was arrested for gambling on baseball in 1907. In 1919, Sullivan was living in the Boston suburb of Sharon, Massachusetts. In September 1919, Sullivan met with Chicago White Sox' first baseman Charles Arnold 'Chick' Gandil at Boston's Hotel Buckminster and conspired with Gandil to perpetrate a fix of the 1919 World Series. It has been disputed which of the two men initiated the meeting. Gandil had known Sullivan since 1912, and he later maintained that Sullivan approached him concerning the plot to throw the series. At Sullivan's suggestion, Gandil recruited several teammates to intentionally lose the games. Sullivan met with noted organized crime boss Arnold Rothstein, who agreed to bankroll the fix for $80,000. Rothstein provided an initial $40,000 for Sullivan to distribute to the involved players; however Sullivan kept $30,000 for his own wagering and gave only $10,000 to Gandil.

After the scheme had been exposed, Sullivan did not testify in front of the Chicago grand jury hearing in October 1920, because William J. Fallon, the lawyer of Arnold Rothstein, persuaded Sullivan not to do so.  If Sullivan did testify, it would probably expose the fact that Rothstein had been the one providing the money for the Black Sox players to fix the Series.  Still, he was later indicted on nine counts of conspiracy to defraud. Sullivan reportedly was paid by Rothstein to flee to Mexico so that he would not go to Chicago to testify in front of the Grand Jury. Sullivan was never arrested nor appeared at the trial, which started on June 27, 1921.  The trial ended in an acquittal for all the defendants.

Sullivan appeared at Yankee Stadium during the 1926 World Series.  He was recognized by Ban Johnson, who had police escort Sullivan out of the stadium. Sullivan died in Sharon, Massachusetts in 1949.

Legacy
Sullivan's life was dramatized in Brendan Boyd's 1991 historical fiction Blue Ruin: A Novel of the 1919 World Series which retells the Black Sox Scandal through Sullivan's narration.

Sullivan was portrayed by Kevin Tighe in the 1988 film Eight Men Out.

He was also mentioned (despite not appearing as a character) in Season 1 Episode 11 of Boardwalk Empire, Paris Green (Boardwalk Empire).

Notes

References
"White Sox Baseball Players Conspire", Great Events from History: Modern Scandals, Salem Press, 2009,
"The Black Sox Baseball Scandal, 95 Years Ago", History, by Evan Andrews, October 9, 2014

Sportspeople involved in betting scandals
American gamblers
1870 births
1949 deaths
People from Boston


Trashed may refer to:
 Trashed (album), an album by the punk rock group Lagwagon
 "Trashed" (Black Sabbath song), 1983
 "Trashed" (Skin song), 2003
 Trashed (game show), an American television series
 Trashed (film), a 2012 film
Trashed (comic book), a 2015 comic by Derf Backderf

See also
 Trash (disambiguation)


Forks of the Credit Provincial Park, located in Caledon, Ontario, Canada, is part of the Ontario Parks system and is part of the Niagara Escarpment biosphere. The park is on the Bruce Trail. The Credit River runs through the park. Other notable features of the park include a kettle lake and talus slope.

History
In 1968 the Niagara Escarpment Study recommended that a park be established in the Forks of the Credit area; this recommendation was then accepted by the Government of Ontario. It was officially regulated as a provincial park in 1985.

Historic mill and dam
There has been a mill in the area since 1820. In 1885, John Deagle bought the mill at the top of the falls and converted it into an electrical generating station, damming the river and creating Cataract Lake; he named the enterprise The Cataract Electric Co. Ltd. Later the station was purchased by Ontario Hydro and was eventually shut down in 1947. The dam was later destroyed and the lake drained. The ruins of the mill and powerhouse are located within the park; The ruins of the Deagle mill are the most visible reminders of the history.

Railway station
The Credit Valley Railway reached the area in 1879 and built a station at the Forks of the Credit as well as a timber trestle spanning the Credit River. The primary purpose was shipping Credit Valley sandstone to other communities in Ontario, particularly Toronto and Hamilton, where the product was used in the construction of large buildings such as Queen's Park and the original Toronto City Hall. No remnants of the station remain.

References

External links

Provincial parks of Ontario
Niagara Escarpment
Credit River
Protected areas of the Regional Municipality of Peel
Protected areas established in 1985
1985 establishments in Ontario


Wiener Launen-Walzer (Vienna Fancies Waltz), opus 6, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss I. It premiered in the ballroom of the Weisser Schwan on 26 November 1827. The evening marked the beginning of the first Katharinen-Ball, the last dance celebration before the beginning of Advent. It was one of the first of Strauss' works to contain a definite form: an introduction, the waltz themes, and a coda. The principal waltz theme is in the key of E-flat major.

References

Compositions by Johann Strauss I


The 1954 LSU Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana State University (LSU) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1954 college football season. In their seventh year under head coach Gaynell Tinsley, the Tigers complied an overall record of 5–6, with a conference record of 2–5, and finished ninth in the SEC.

Schedule

Awards
Sid Fournet: All-American – AP, Look, Colliers, INS, NEA, UP;  ALL-SEC

References

LSU
LSU Tigers football seasons
LSU Tigers football


Pop music automation is a field of study among musicians and computer scientists with a goal of producing successful pop music algorithmically. It is often based on the premise that pop music is especially formulaic, unchanging, and easy to compose. The idea of automating pop music composition is related to many ideas in algorithmic music, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computational creativity.

History of automation in music
Algorithms (or, at the very least, formal sets of rules) have been used to compose music for centuries; the procedures used to plot voice-leading in counterpoint, for example, can often be reduced to algorithmic determinant.  Now the term is usually reserved, however, for the use of formal procedures to make music without human intervention.

Classical music automation software exists that generates music in the style of Mozart and Bach and jazz. Most notably, David Cope has written a software system called "Experiments in Musical Intelligence" (or "EMI") that is capable of analyzing and generalizing from existing music by a human composer to generate novel musical compositions in the same style. EMI's output is convincing enough to persuade human listeners that its music is human-generated to a high level of competence.

Creativity research in jazz has focused on the process of improvisation and the cognitive demands that this places on a musical agent: reasoning about time, remembering and conceptualizing what has already been played, and planning ahead for what might be played next.

Inevitably associated with Pop music automation is Pop music analysis.

Projects in Pop music automation may include, but are not limited to, ideas in melody creation and song development, vocal generation or improvement, automatic accompaniment and lyric composition.

Automatic accompaniment
Some systems exist that automatically choose chords to accompany a vocal melody in real-time. A user with no musical experience can create a song with instrumental accompaniment just by singing into a microphone.
An example is a Microsoft Research project called Songsmith, which trains a Hidden Markov model using a music database and uses that
model to select chords for new melodies.

Melody generation
Automatic melody generation is often done with a Markov chain, the states of the system become note or pitch values, and a probability vector for each note is constructed, completing a transition probability matrix (see below). An algorithm is constructed to produce an output note values based on the transition matrix weightings, which could be MIDI note values, frequency (Hz), or any other desirable metric.

A second-order Markov chain can be introduced by considering the current state and also the previous state, as indicated in the second table. Higher, nth-order chains tend to "group" particular notes together, while 'breaking off' into other patterns and sequences occasionally. These higher-order chains tend to generate results with a sense of phrasal structure, rather than the 'aimless wandering' produced by a first-order system.

Lyric composition
Automated lyric creating software may take forms such as:

Selecting words according to their rhythm
The Tra-la-Lyrics system produces song lyrics, in Portuguese, for a given melody. This not only involves matching each word syllable with a note in the melody, but also matching the word's stress with the strong beats of the melody.

Parsing existing Pop music (for content or word choice, e.g.)
This involves natural language processing. Pablo Gervás has developed a noteworthy system called ASPERA that employs a case-based reasoning (CBR) approach to generating poetic formulations of a given input text via a composition of poetic fragments that are retrieved from a case-base of existing poems. Each poem fragment in the ASPERA case-base is annotated with a prose string that expresses the meaning of the fragment, and this prose string is used as the retrieval key for each fragment. Metrical rules are then used to combine these fragments into a well-formed poetic structure.

Automatic analogy or story creation
Programs like TALE-SPIN and The MINSTREL system represent a complex elaboration of this basis approach, distinguishing a range of character-level goals in the story from a range of author-level goals for the story. Systems like Bringsjord's BRUTUS can create stories with complex interpersonal themes like betrayal. On-line metaphor generation systems like 'Sardonicus' or 'Aristotle' can suggest lexical metaphors for a given descriptive goal (e.g., to describe a supermodel as skinny, the source terms “pencil”, “whip”, “whippet”, “rope”, “stick-insect” and “snake” are suggested).

Free association of grouped words
Using a language database (such as wordnet) one can create musings on a subject that may be weak grammatically but are still sensical. See such projects as the Flowerewolf automatic poetry generator or the
Dada engine.

Software

More or less free
 BreathCube by xoxos. Simple lyrical vocal content is generated with simple music.
 CubeBreath by xoxos. Audio input is vocoded in tune with the music.
Midi Internet Algorithmic Composition
infno - Infinite generator of electronic dance music and synth pop.
Algorithmic Trap - Trap beat generator.

Commercial
Band in a box generates any element, potentially creates whole new songs from scratch.
Musical Palette - Melody Composing Tool
SongSmith:Automatic Accompaniment for Vocal Melodies
Ludwig 3.0 automatic accompaniment, writes arrangements for given instruments, plays its own songs for an infinitely long time.
Automated Composing System creates music in many different styles

See also
Algorithmic music
Artificial creativity
Computer music

References

Pop music
Applications of artificial intelligence
Markov models
Computer music


The Cook Peninsula is located on the eastern coast of Ellesmere Island, a part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. North of Princess Marie Bay, it stretches eastward into Nares Strait. The peninsula is approximately  in size, and has two lowland areas frequented by muskox.

References

Ellesmere Island
Peninsulas of Qikiqtaaluk Region


Jan Kobylański (21 July 1923, Równe, Poland – 27 March 2019, Montevideo, Uruguay) was a Polish-Paraguayan businessman. He was the founder of the Union of Polish Associations and Organizations in Latin America (pol. Unia Stowarzyszeń i Organizacji Polskich w Ameryce Łacińskiej, USOPAŁ) the largest Polish immigrant organization of South America. He was also a founder of one of the world's largest companies involved in editing postage stamps, and coins mintage. He has written books on philately, as well as on the mediation policy of the Roman Curia. He was formerly the honorary consul of Poland to Paraguay, and the honorary consul of Paraguay to Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.

Biography
Kobylański was the son of Polish attorney at law Stanisław Kobylański. In 1943 he was arrested by the Nazis, and imprisoned at Warsaw's infamous Pawiak prison. He was a prisoner in the German concentration camps Mauthausen and Gross Rosen. After World War II, he moved to Italy, where he produced toothbrushes, and sold kitchen appliances. He became co-owner of the Astral Metal Technica company in Milan.

In 1952, he arrived in Paraguay, taking advantage of President Federico Chaves' immigration program, which allowed 18,000 families from Europe to settle in that country. Soon he won a contract to import kitchen appliances, and another to print postage stamps for the National Postal Service. In the next few years, he developed one of the world's largest stamp printing and coin minting companies.

According to Polish journalists Jerzy Morawski and Mikołaj Lizut, Kobylański had a good relationship with Paraguayan president, General Alfredo Stroessner. Kobylański, however, denies this.

From 1989 to 2000, Kobylański was an honorary Polish consul in Argentina. He was removed from office by the Polish minister of foreign affairs Władysław Bartoszewski, after former Polish ambassador Jarosław Gugała to Uruguay and Costa Rica accused Kobylański of antisemitism and of acting against Polish interests. Right wing Polish senators Jan Szafraniec, Ryszard Bender and Czesław Ryszka have since spoken up in his defence. He is a longtime sponsor of privately owned broadcast station Radio Maryja in Poland.

Kobylański helped to establish 8 June as the "Day of the Polish Settler in Argentina". He helped to fund monuments to John Paul II in Buenos Aires and Montevideo, as well as a monument to Frédéric Chopin in Punta del Este. He is a sponsor and patron of an elementary school in the region of Podlasie in Poland.

Awards
In 1995 Kobylański was awarded with the Krzyż Oświęcimski.

Accusations
In 2004, a reporter for Gazeta Wyborcza, Mikołaj Lizut, accused Kobylański of collaborating with the Nazis when Poland was occupied by German forces during World War II, which Kobylański denies. In 2005, the allegations were repeated by a columnist for Rzeczpospolita, Jerzy Morawski. In 2004, the investigative section of the Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (IPN) began legal proceedings to determine if the accusations of handling over a Jewish family named Szenker to the Gestapo were true. A person named Janusz Kobylański was supposedly involved.

In April 2006 the chief of the investigative section of the IPN, Witold Kulesza, reported: "so far, we have not found any evidence of the charges that... Jan Kobylański, handed over to the Germans a married Jewish couple."

In January 2007, the section of IPN in Warsaw reported that it had refused to re-open the investigation. In his explanation, the leading prosecutor recalled the testimonies of witnesses who decided not to testify against Kobylański:

In the winter of 1942-1943 Leokadia Sarnowska met Janusz Kobylański (...) During the conversation Janusz Kobylański said, that he was earning money producing false documents for Jews trying to hide themselves. Sarnowska soon sent the Szenker family to Kobylański, which consisted of three people - a married couple and their relative (...) Leokadia Sarnowska arranged the meeting of the two parties, during which Janusz Kobylański told Sarnowska and the Szenkers that false identity documents would be delivered for a certain sum of dollars in gold. The money was delivered to Judge Stanisław Juński, known to Sarnowska, who promised to give them to Kobylański after he delivered the money. Some days after the meeting Kobylański called Sarnowska and said, that the Szenker family had been arrested, and probably executed by the Germans, so he had to destroy the false documents that he had prepared.
Kobylański informed Sarnowska that Judge Juński, on the request of one of Szenkers, handed the money over to a "Polish policeman". Then Kobylański demanded payment from Sarnowska under threat of calling the Germans. Sarnowska delivered a part of the sum to Kobylański at once, and the second part was sent to an office of the father of Janusz Kobylański, att. Stanisław Kobylański (...) After some  time one of the Szenker family called Judge Juński, and asked to arrange a meeting with Sarnowska, who immediately came to Warsaw to meet Szenker. Szenker told her that Kobylański denounced them to the Gestapo. According to his version, Gestapo officers went to the hostel where he stayed with his family, and showed him his personal notes, which he handed to Kobylański, hoping that it would help in the preparation of false documents. The Gestapo men ordered a Polish policeman to escort the Szenkers to the ghetto. On their way, Szenker convinced the policeman that he should free them for the money held in the judge's office. Policeman took the money from Juński and freed the Szenkers.

Stanisław Kobylański worked in Warsaw as a lawyer for the remainder of his life. Jan Kobylański, however, escaped from Poland to Western Europe, probably in 1945.

According to documents collected by the Prosecutor's Office in Warsaw, the evidence that Jan Kobylański was the perpetrator in the denunciation of the Szenkers family cannot be proved. Legal proceedings against Stanisław Kobylański were denied, and those against Janusz Kobylański were suspended by the Regional Court in Warsaw on 31 June 1948. On April 19, 1955, prosecutors decided to cancel the case of Janusz Kobylański. Prosecutor Paweł Karolak of the IPN investigative section in Warsaw stated that his office was looking for evidence not only in Poland (archives, Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs), but also in Germany (KL Gross-Rosen), Israel, and the United States as well. Furthermore, they found no evidence that "Janusz Kobylański" and "Jan Kobylański" were the same person.

In 2005, Mikołaj Lizut wrote in the Gazeta Wyborcza that Jan Kobylański falsified documents of the Red Cross, that he was a prisoner at Auschwitz, Mauthausen, Gusen, Gross Rosen, and Dachau concentration camps. Documents used by Kobylański, are different from those in the Auschwitz Museum.

In December 2007, the minister of Foreign Affairs, Radosław Sikorski, sent a message to Polish embassies abroad to discontinue contact with Kobylański. In late November 2008, two independent internet services reported that Kobylański was going to open a legal case against Polish politicians and journalists (among others against Adam Michnik, Jerzy Baczyński and Ryszard Schnepf) on charges of slander.

Footnotes

1923 births
2019 deaths
People from Rivne
People from Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)
Polish businesspeople
Paraguayan businesspeople
Polish emigrants to Paraguay
Paraguayan emigrants to Uruguay
Recipients of the Auschwitz Cross
Polish expatriates in Italy
Mauthausen concentration camp survivors


The Macchi M.16 was a light, single-seat aircraft designed by Alessandro Tonini and produced by Macchi in Italy in 1919.

Design and development
The M.16 was a single-bay biplane with unstaggered wings and a largely conventional design except for an unusually deep fuselage that extended in a bulge below the lower wing. The M.16  was developed in parallel with the Macchi M.20, a two-seat civil trainer aircraft which it resembled and with which it shared many common features.

The M.16 proved a successful sporting type, setting an altitude record of 3,770 m (12,370 ft) in 1920 while competing for the Coppa Mappelli ("Mapelli Cup"), and winning first prize in the competition in 1921.

The United States Navy purchased three float-equipped examples for evaluation as communication floatplanes.

Operators

Private users

United States Navy

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 Уголок неба

1910s Italian sport aircraft
M.16
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1919


Ohio Assembly Plant, or "OHAP", is a Ford Motor Company factory located in Avon Lake, Ohio. The 3,700,000 square foot plant sits on 419 acres and opened in 1974 to produce the Ford Econoline/E-Series van. It produced the Mercury Villager and Nissan Quest from 1993 through 2002, and the Ford Escape and Mercury Mariner until 2005. Ford E-Series van production stopped at the end of 2013 as Ford replaced the E-Series with the uni-body Ford Transit, which will be produced at Ford's facility in Kansas City, MO.  The cutaway and strip chassis E-Series continues in production here for heavy duty applications. In Spring 2015, production of the Ford F-650 and F-750 began. In the summer of 2016, production of the 2017 F-350, F-450 and F-550 chassis cab began.

As of 2017, the plant has over 1,700 employees.

In 2017, Ohio Assembly received the coveted Q1 Quality Award for highest build quality off the assembly line.

Products made
Ford E-Series (Econoline) Cutaway/Strip Chassis (1975–present)
Ford F-650/F-750 (2015–present)
Ford Super Duty chassis cab (2016–present)

Past
Ford Econoline/E-Series van (1974-2014)
Mercury Villager (1993-2002)
Nissan Quest (1993-2002)
Ford Escape (2004-2005)
Mercury Mariner (2005-2006)

References

External links
Ohio Assembly

Ford factories
Buildings and structures in Lorain County, Ohio
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Ohio


Antuco is a Chilean commune and town in Bío Bío Province, Bío Bío Region.

The commune includes Laguna del Laja and Laguna del Laja National Park, which contains Antuco Volcano and Sierra Velluda. The latter is the tallest mountain in Bío Bío Region. The town of Antuco is located slightly south of the south bank of the Laja River.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Antuco spans an area of  and has 3,908 inhabitants (1,981 men and 1,927 women). Of these, 1,978 (50.6%) lived in urban areas and 1,930 (49.4%) in rural areas. The population fell by 3.8% (154 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

Administration
As a commune, Antuco is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Claudio Edelberto Solar Jara (PDC).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Antuco is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Juan Lobos (UDI) and José Pérez (PRSD) as part of the 47th electoral district, together with Los Ángeles, Tucapel, Quilleco, Santa Bárbara, Quilaco, Mulchén, Negrete, Nacimiento, San Rosendo, Laja and Alto Bío Bío. The commune is represented in the Senate by Victor Pérez Varela (UDI) and Mariano Ruiz-Esquide Jara (PDC) as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Coast).

References

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Bío Bío Province


The Canary Islands Network for Protected Natural Areas (Red Canaria de Espacios Naturales Protegidos) is a conservation organization in the Canary Islands.

It recognizes 146 areas across the islands of Tenerife, Gran Canaria, La Palma and Fuerteventura as under protection. Of the 146 protected sites under control of network in the Canary Islands archipelago, a total of 43 are located in Tenerife, the most protected island in the group.

Criteria
The network has criteria, which places areas under its observation under eight different categories of protection. These include:

 National park
 Natural park
 National monument
 Protected area
 Integral nature reserve
 Special natural reserve
 Rural park
 Site of scientific Interest

References

See also
 Tourism in the Canary Islands
 Marine life of the Canary Islands
 Geography of the Canary Islands

Nature conservation in Spain


Hiromitsu (written: 博光, 博満, 宏光, 宏充, 弘光, 広光, 洋光 or 洋充) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

, Japanese shamisen player
Hiromitsu "Hiro-x" Aoki, J-pop musical artist
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese martial artist
, Japanese shogi player
, Japanese sumo wrestler
, Japanese idol, singer and actor
, Japanese boxer and mixed martial artist
, Japanese baseball player and manager
, Japanese printmaker, often known simply as Hiromitsu
, Japanese sumo wrestler

Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names


New York Bar Association may refer to

 New York City Bar Association
 New York State Bar Association


John Gwinn III (June 11, 1791 – September 1, 1849) was a United States Navy officer born in Maryland. During the War of 1812, he was a POW after the Royal Navy had captured  in 1814 and he later commanded .

As Captain of , Gwinn sailed on December 9, 1848 and arrived at Tripoli on January 19, 1849. While transporting U.S. ambassador Daniel Smith McCauley and his family to Egypt, McCauley's wife gave birth to a son, who was named Constitution Stewart McCauley. At Gaeta on August 1 Gwinn received on board King Ferdinand II and Pope Pius IX. This would be the first time a Pope had set foot on American territory. At Palermo on September 1, 1849, Captain Gwinn died of chronic gastritis and was buried near Lazaretto on the 9th, ending a 40-year Navy career. Gwinn's body was moved to Glenwood Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania a few years later and remained there until 1931 when he was reinterred at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.

References

Bibliography

External links

1791 births
1849 deaths
United States Navy officers
War of 1812 prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Burials at Glenwood Cemetery/Glenwood Memorial Gardens
Commanders of the USS Constitution


The following is a list of soundtracks that have been released for the New Zealand television comedy/drama series Outrageous Fortune.

Soundtracks

Music from Outrageous Fortune – Westside Rules

Music from Outrageous Fortune – Westside Rules is the first soundtrack album for the New Zealand comedy-drama television series, Outrageous Fortune, and draws on New Zealand music. It was released on 24 October 2007, and debut at number 1 in its first week of release.
The album leads off with the series' theme song Hello Sailor's "Gutter Black".

Track listing

Repeat Offenders

Repeat Offenders is the second compilation soundtrack album for the show, and again draws on New Zealand music for its track listing. It was released on 3 October 2008, and entered the New Zealand charts at #32, rising to #7 in its second week.

Track listing

 Shihad - "Home Again"
 The Roulettes - "You Want It"
 Splitter - "I Don't Rate Your Man"
 Shaft - "Dinah"
 Hello Sailor - "Blue Lady"
 Kora - "Time"
 The Rock and Roll Machine - "Want U Bad"
 The Tutts - "K"
 Cut Off Your Hands - "Oh Girl"
 The Black Seeds - "Sometimes Enough"
 dDub - "Hesitate No"
 Dimmer - "One Breath At A Time"
 Dead Flowers - "Might As Well Get Used To It"
 The Veils - "Under The Folding Branches"
 The Brunettes -" End Of The Runway"
 Fur Patrol - "Long Distance Runner"
 Samuel F. Scott & The B.O.P - "Llwellyn"
 Goodshirt - "Dumb Day"
 Atlas - "Firefly"
 Graham Brazier - "East Of Eden"

Album charts

References

2007 compilation albums
Westside Rules
2008 compilation albums
Repeat Offenders
Compilation albums by New Zealand artists
Film and television discographies
Outrageous Fortune


Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U.S. 469 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case involving freedom of the press publishing public information. The Court held that both a Georgia statute prohibiting the release of a rape victim's name and its common-law privacy action counterpart were unconstitutional. The case was argued on November 11, 1974, and decided on March 3, 1975.

Background
On August 18, 1971, a 17-year-old North Springs High School student was sexually assaulted at a party and later died in Sandy Springs, Georgia. Law enforcement officials initially believed her death was the result of alcohol poisoning or drug overdose. Upon finding vegetation in her clothing, the police began treating the case as a murder and rape case, and it was later revealed that she asphyxiated on her own vomit. Seven months later, six boys were charged with her rape and murder, although the trial judge later dropped the murder charge. Ultimately, five of the six defendants—Ronald Eugene Longo, Joe Adams Thompson, Bruce Fuson Howard, Peter Manchee, Bobby Ray King, and Craig Michael Wozniak—pleaded guilty to rape and attempt to rape while one pleaded not guilty. Due to the graphic nature of the crime, the media immediately jumped on the story and began following the proceedings. Thomas Wassell, a reporter for WSB-TV, approached the clerk in open court during a recess in the court proceedings in 1972 and asked for a copy of the indictment documents, which contained the name of the victim. He obtained the name and broadcast it later that night while reporting on the defendant's sentencing hearing.

Procedural history
Martin Cohn, the father of the victim, sued both WSB and its reporter for publishing his daughter's name. He claimed the publication violated both Georgia's shield law and his common-law right to privacy. The trial court granted summary judgement to Cohn on both claims while rejecting Cox's 1st Amendment defense.

On appeal, the Georgia Supreme Court dismissed Cohn's claim under the Shield Law, claiming it created only a criminal, not civil cause of action. However, it allowed Cohn's common-law privacy claim to stand. It rejected Cox's claims that the disclosure of the rape victim's name was protected by the First Amendment, and compared the activity to other unprotected activities such as fraud, perjury, libel, and slander. Upon rehearing, it also ruled that the Shield Law, and by implicit extension its interpretation of common-law right to privacy, was a "legitimate limitation on the right of freedom of expression contained in the First Amendment[]" and "[t]here simply is no public interest or general concern about the identity of the victim of such a crime as will make the right to disclose the identity of the victim rise to the level of First Amendment protection." It reversed the trial court's summary judgment on the right to privacy claim, and remanded the case back to the trial court to determine if Cox had intentionally invaded Cohn's privacy. Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 200 SE 2d 127 - Georgia Supreme Court 1973.

Before the case could proceed at the State trial court, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear Cox's appeal. The Court reasoned it had jurisdiction since Georgia's Supreme Court's ruling satisfied the finality requirement as it related to Federal issues. Also, if unreviewed, the decision was likely to harm the freedom of the press regardless of the outcome of the state court trial.

Opinion of the Court
The Supreme Court ruled 8−1 in favor of Cox Broadcasting, holding Georgia's Shield Law and its common-law counterpart violated the First Amendment. The majority held "[t]he freedom of the press to publish that information appears to us to be of critical importance to our type of government in which the citizenry is the final judge of the proper conduct of public business. In preserving that form of government the First and Fourteenth Amendments command nothing less than that the States may not impose sanctions on the publication of truthful information contained in official court records open to public inspection." Since Cox's reporter had legitimately obtained the name in a public document in open court, the court held that later publication of the name was an activity protected by the 1st Amendment.

Dissent
In his dissent, Justice Rehnquist argued the Court should not have heard the case because it lacked jurisdiction. Instead of waiting until the case finished in state court, "the Court construes § 1257 so that it may virtually rush out and meet the prospective constitutional litigant as he approaches our doors." He did not address the substantive First Amendment issues.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 420
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court
List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
United States Free Speech Clause case law
1975 in United States case law
Rape in the United States
Sandy Springs, Georgia
Cox Enterprises
History of women in Georgia (U.S. state)


Rita Rocks is a Lifetime original sitcom that ran from 20 October 2008 to 7 December 2009. It was the network's first original comedy in over a decade. The series debuted alongside re-runs of Reba as part of a new comedy hour for Tuesday nights, which later changed to Monday nights. The show stars Nicole Sullivan as Rita, Tisha Campbell-Martin, Richard Ruccolo, Raviv Ullman, and Kelly Gould.

On 11 January 2010, Lifetime cancelled the series after two seasons due to low ratings.

Plot
A hard-working mom and wife splits her time between a job she doesn’t particularly like, running the kids around and managing the household. She believes that if she can just get a few hours a week to herself, she can figure a few things out. After finding her old guitar in the garage and the prompting of a new friend, they start up a weekly jam session and are joined by a neighbor, the mail-woman and her daughter’s boyfriend for nightly rehearsals. The plot is set in the Metropolitan Detroit area, most likely the Southfield area as Shannon attends Southfield Elementary School, which is shown throughout season 1.

In a February 2009 interview on Anytime with Bob Kushell, Sullivan agreed the main character is going through a midlife crisis, but she does not like using the term "midlife".

Characters

Main
Rita Clemens (Nicole Sullivan): a working mom with a busy life. She is the leader of a garage band and also the assistant manager of Bed Bath & Max. She was formerly training assistant before her boss learned of her pregnancy.
Jay Clemens (Richard Ruccolo): Rita’s husband who tries his best to support her band. He sometimes takes care of the household, getting himself into funny situations in the process.
Patty Mannix (Tisha Campbell-Martin): a postal worker and Rita's best friend who convinces her to take down her guitar and start the band.
Hallie Clemens (Natalie Dreyfuss): Rita's absent minded and rebellious teenage daughter.
Shannon Clemens (Kelly Gould): Rita's nine-year-old daughter. She goes to a school for gifted children and is interested in space camp and astronauts.
Kip (Raviv Ullman): Full name is Skip; Hallie's goofy and likable boyfriend/ex-boyfriend is the drummer in Rita's band. His parents are separated and he spends all of his time at the Clemens' household.
Max: Rita & Jay's new baby. Rita gave birth to him in the Season 2 finale.
Owen Delgado Jr. (Ian Gomez): Rita's unemployed neighbor who joins her garage band. He has two kids with wife Audrey. (left in 2009 to join Cougar Town).

Recurring
Audrey (Lauren Bowles): Owen's wife and mother of his two children who seems to love her job more than her own husband.
Chuck (Duane Martin): Rita's new neighbor, a former baseball player who is a huge annoyance to Rita and Jay. He and Patty (played by Duane Martin's wife Tisha Campbell-Martin) begin dating in late Season 2.
 Marilyn (Swoosie Kurtz): Rita's mother, who visits and stays for four episodes before leaving at Rita's request to talk to her father.
 Allison (Allie Gonino): Hallie's friend.
 Rusty (Paul Vato): the owner of the bowling alley where Rita's band performs publicly for the first time.

Episodes

Series overview

Season 1: 2008–09

Season 2: 2009

Home media
Rita Rocks: The Complete 1st Season was released on a 3-disc combo pack on April 27, 2010.

International broadcasting
 Arena TV in Australia airs the program.
 Citytv in Canada airs the program.
 STAR World in Asia airs the program.
 Fox Life in Poland, Turkey, Greece, Portugal, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia airs the program.
 SKY Uno in Italy is going to air in autumn 2009.
 NET 5 in the Netherlands airs the program
 TNT Serie in Germany airs the program.
 Comédie! in France, Belgium and Switzerland will air the sitcom in 2010.
 Yes Comedy in Israel airs the program.
 TV4 Komedi in Sweden airs the program.
 MTV3 in Finland airs the program.

References

External links

Rita Rocks at Mylifetime.com

2008 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
2000s American sitcoms
English-language television shows
Lifetime (TV network) original programming
Television shows set in Detroit
Television series by Media Rights Capital
Midlife crisis in television


Miller v. National Broadcasting Co.  (1986) is a US tort law case on negligent infliction of emotional distress.

Background
On October 30, 1979, an NBC camera crew was following a group of Los Angeles Fire Department firefighters and paramedics. A call came in about a man having a heart attack. The camera crew and the paramedics rushed to the home of Brownie and Dave Miller. The camera crew, without consent from anyone, rushed into the house with the paramedics and taped footage of Mr. Dave Miller having what would be a fatal heart attack. The crew later that night would put the footage on the air, also without consent. Brownie Miller filed suit against NBC, Ruben Norte (a producer for NBC) and the city of Los Angeles for trespass, invasion of privacy and infliction of emotional distress.

Decision
The Court of Appeals ruled ultimately in favor of the plaintiff, reversing the District Court's summary judgement. In an opinion written by Justice Lloyd Hanson, the court determined that the media does not have the same access privileges to a private property as emergency responders, even if the media obtained consent to follow the emergency responders. Hanson wrote, "One seeking emergency medical attention does not thereby "open the door" for persons without any clearly identifiable and justifiable official reason who may wish to enter the premises where the medical aid is being administered ... the clear line of demarcation between the public interest served by public officials and that served by private business must not be obscured."

Notes

References

External links

United States tort case law
1986 in United States case law
National Broadcasting Company
California state case law
1986 in California


Texas School for the Deaf (TSD) is a state-operated primary and secondary school for deaf children in Austin, Texas. Opened in 1857 "in an old frame house, three log cabins, and a smokehouse", it is the oldest continually-operated public school in Texas. The school struggled under inadequate funding during the American Civil War, and its aftermath, with the students eating food that they grew themselves on the school farm. In 1951 the State Board of Education assumed oversight of the school.

History
The Texas Legislature created the Texas Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb in 1856, with five trustees appointed by the Governor of Texas governing the new institution. Initially the superintendent of the deaf school was appointed by the board of trustees. The school opened in January of the following year, occupying its current campus. By the summer of 1857 there were 11 students enrolled, and until around 1870 the enrollment was 13. During the Civil War, teachers and students made wool clothes and farmed in order to support themselves because the school was unable to pay salaries to the teachers.

Around 1868 the school was renamed to the Texas Deaf and Dumb Institution. Around that time the law regarding who appoints the superintendent changed; now the governor of Texas had the power to directly appoint the superintendent. In 1871 the name was changed to Texas Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. A state printing office was established at the TSD in 1876. The institution's name changed again to Texas Deaf and Dumb Asylum around 1877.

Originally TSD only served white students and had white teachers. Black students attended the Texas Blind, Deaf, and Orphan School, which had been established in 1887. As a result, the two schools developed divergent sign-language dialects.

The school's deaf-blind department opened in 1900. The school received its current name during 1911. The Texas Board of Control received power over TSD in 1919, the year it was formed. By 1923 it had grown into the second-largest school for the deaf in the United States. In 1939 the deaf-blind department was transferred to the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (TSBVI). The school had 450 students in the mid-1940s. TSD was placed under the authority of the Board for Texas State Hospitals and Special Schools, under its current name, in 1949. In 1951 the Texas Education Agency received jurisdiction over the TSD.

In 1965 the black and white deaf schools merged, and the student bodies were integrated the following year. The school retained comparatively fewer black teachers than white teachers, and, of the black teachers who were retained, the majority left within two years. The multi-handicapped deaf students department and the early childhood and elementary programs of the combined TSD moved to the former black school, which became the TSD's east campus. The sign language used by the white students became dominant over the sign language used by black students.

In 1979 the Texas Legislature transferred responsibility of the TSD to an independent board; the board members include deaf persons, parents of deaf people, and professionals in the deafness sector. 51% of the members of the board are required to be deaf people.

TSD became a state agency in 1981, and it also received the designation of being an independent school district.

Campus
The school's  site, located along South Congress, houses a , $65 million (as of 1989) campus designed by Barnes Architects, a company headquartered in Austin. The funds to build the campus were spent in 1989, and Barnes won an award for the campus design in 1999. A previous physical plant was built in 1955, and some older buildings were razed that year.

The former black deaf school, located along Airport Boulevard, became the TSD East Campus in 1965. The State of Texas had built 11 buildings at the site, formerly occupied by the Montopolis Drive-in Theater, for $1.5 million in 1961. These buildings had a capacity of 1,208 students. After the 2000–2001 school year TSD sold this property to the City of Austin, and the two campuses were consolidated.

Gallery

See also

 Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired

References

Further reading
 "Texas School for the Deaf: 185-1956, One Hundred Years of Progress: Origin, Growth, and Future" (n.p.: [1956?]).

External links

 Texas School for the Deaf

 History of Texas School for the Deaf
 Texas School for the Deaf Foundation
 TSD Rangers (athletic team)
 Texas School for the Deaf video of a day at the school in the 1960s from Texas Archive of the Moving Image
 Football Game Texas School for the Deaf Rangers vs. the Louisiana School for the Deaf Mustangs Louisiana School for the Deaf Mustangs 1960s from Texas Archive of the Moving Image

Public K-12 schools in Texas
High schools in Austin, Texas
Schools for the deaf in the United States
School for the Deaf
Educational institutions established in 1856
1856 establishments in Texas
Public boarding schools in the United States
Boarding schools in Texas


"Crazy" is a 2004 song recorded by the francophone rapper Cyril Kamar, better known by the name of K.Maro. The song was released as the second single from his debut album La Good Life, on August 5, 2004. The song had a lot of popularity in UK, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Russia and other European countries.

Track listings
 CD single
 "Crazy" — 3:34
 "V.I.P." — 3:44
 "Femme Like U (Donne-moi ton corps)" — 4:06

 CD maxi
 "Crazy" — 3:34
 "Femme Like U (Donne-moi ton corps)" (just another hit mix) — 3:51
 "Walad b'ladi" — 3:43
 "Crazy" (video)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links
K.Maro discography

2004 singles
K.Maro songs
2004 songs


Sahrawi or Saharawi (also transliterated into Spanish as  or French as ), is an Arabic term meaning 'from the Sahara', or more specifically the Western Sahara. It can also mean 'from the desert' in general.

Sahrawi may also refer to:

People
the Sahrawi people, a Hassaniya-speaking ethnic group in the Maghreb region of Africa
the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a partially recognized Sahrawi state
holders of Sahrawi passports (see Sahrawi nationality law)
Women in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
residents of Western Sahara, the Tekna Zone or the Sahrawi refugee camps
persons from the Sahara desert

Surname
 Abdelbaki Sahraoui (1910–1995), Algerian imam
 Cheb Sahraoui (born 1961), Algerian musician and rai singer
 Djamila Sahraoui (born 1950), Algerian filmmaker
 Nabil Sahraoui (1969–2004), Algerian militant
 Marouane Sahraoui (born 1996), French-born Tunisian football player
 Mohammed Sahraoui (born 1978), Tunisian boxer
 Mourad Sahraoui (born 1983), Tunisian boxer
 Osame Sahraoui (born 2001), Norwegian football player

Arabic-language surnames
Language and nationality disambiguation pages


Trude Marstein (born 18 April 1973, in Tønsberg) is a Norwegian author. She attended Telemark University College and studied Creative Writing Studies. At the University of Oslo, she studied pedagogy, psychology, and the history of literature. She debuted in 1998 with a collection of prose, titled Sterk sult, plutselig kvalme, for which she received Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris.

Bibliography
Sterk sult, plutselig kvalme, (English title: Strong Hunger, Sudden Nausea) collected prose (1998)
Plutselig høre noen åpne en dør, (English title: Suddenly Hearing Someone Open a Door) novel (2000)
Happy Birthday, children's book  (2002)
Elin og Hans, (English title: Elin and Hans) novel (2002)
Konstruksjon og inderlighet, essay collection (2004)
Byens ansikt – drama (2005) together with Aasne Linnestå, Rune Christiansen, Gunnar Wærness & John Erik Riley
Gjøre godt, novel (2006)
Ingenting a angre pa, novel (2010)
Hjem til meg, novel (2012)
Sa mye hadde jeg, novel (2018)

Awards
Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris 1998, for Sterk sult, plutselig kvalme
Sult-prisen 2002
Vestfolds Litteraturpris 2002
Dobloug Prize 2004
Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature 2006, for Gjøre godt
PO Enquists pris 2007

References

1973 births
Living people
21st-century Norwegian novelists
Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature winners
Telemark University College alumni
University of Oslo alumni
Writers from Tønsberg
Dobloug Prize winners
21st-century Norwegian women writers


Marty in the Morning is RTÉ lyric fm's breakfast show, presented by Marty Whelan.

It originally aired as the title of RTÉ 2fm's breakfast show, presented also by Whelan from 26 September 2005 until it was axed when Colm & Jim-Jim joined from FM104. The duo held  the 2fm breakfast slot with The Colm & Jim-Jim Breakfast Show until the death of Gerry Ryan prompted a further change in the schedules in 2010.

Marty in the Morning was an attempt by 2fm to find a successor to Ryan Tubridy, who had left The Full Irish and defected to RTÉ Radio 1 in 2005. However, in May 2006, it emerged that the show was receiving fewer listeners than its rival The Ian Dempsey Breakfast Show on Today FM. Before this, Whelan's predecessors as breakfast presenters were Rick O'Shea and Ruth Scott, Tubridy's replacement The Rick & Ruth Breakfast Show was axed after it emerged the flagship The Gerry Ryan Show was losing 40,000 listeners to Today FM's The Ray D'Arcy Show. O'Shea and Scott were blamed for this and quickly disappeared off the morning airwaves.

References

Exernal links

Irish breakfast radio shows
RTÉ 2fm programmes


White Faced Lady is an album by UK band Kaleidoscope (who by this time were calling themselves Fairfield Parlour). It is a concept album that tells the story of a pale-skinned girl named Angel, from her troubled youth to her sudden rise to fame as a movie star to her tragic decline and untimely death. Reportedly, it was inspired by the life of Marilyn Monroe, and indeed the final track name-checks Marilyn and Arthur Miller. As a rock opera, it follows the example of The Pretty Things' S. F. Sorrow rather than The Who's Tommy, with the liner notes telling the complete story and the songs expounding on key events. Many of the songs are tied together by brief musical segues.

The band worked on the album privately from 1970 to 1971. They had a deal in place to deliver the finished album to a record label for distribution, but the deal suddenly dissolved. The album went unreleased until 1991, when it was released by the band's own The Kaleidoscope Record Company (KRC 001 CD). Many subsequent CD releases package the album with the previous Fairfield Parlour album From Home to Home.

Track listing
"Overture" - 2:48
"Broken Mirrors" - 2:49
"Angel's Song: Dear Elvis Presley..." - 2:39
"Nursey, Nursey" - 3:47
"Small Song: Heaven in the Back Row" - 3:21
"Burning Bright" - 2:03
"The Matchseller" - 3:50
"The Coronation of the Fledgling" - 0:20
"All Hail to the Hero" - 5:03
"White Faced Lady" - 4:41
"Freefall" - 5:13
"Standing" - 6:12
"Diary Song: the Indian Head" - 0:54
"Song from Jon" - 6:56
"Long Way Down" - 4:05
"The Locket" - 2:58
"Picture with Conversation" - 3:38
"Epitaph: Angel" - 7:48

Personnel
 Peter Daltrey: vocals and organ
 Eddy Pumer: guitar
 Steve Clark: bass
 Dan Bridgman: drums

References

1991 albums
Concept albums
Rock operas
Kaleidoscope (British band) albums


Edge City is an American syndicated comic strip created by the husband-and-wife team of Terry and Patty LaBan. The couple teams to write the strips with Terry handling the art. Distributed by King Features Syndicate, the strip debuted in 2000 and ended on January 2, 2016.

Characters and story
The main characters in Edge City are the members of the Ardin family. The Ardins are Jewish, and the strip generally features the characters celebrating Passover and Hanukkah at those times of year. Len Ardin is the co-owner of a courier service, and Abby is a therapist. Their children, Colin and Carly, are both elementary school students. Edge City (e.g., a community outside the boundaries of what people traditionally think of as the city and its suburb) looks at modern family life. Dwelling in the far reaches of suburbia, Len and Abby lead a life very different from the one they lived growing up. Between managing their careers and taking care of their kids, they barely have time to wave to each other as they hurry off to yet another meeting, carpool or errand. And while their neighborhood is incredibly diverse, it seems like everyone, no matter where they're originally from, lives pretty much the same way. Terry LaBan offered this description of the strip:
Edge City is a daily comic strip internationally syndicated by King Features, that satirizes modern family life through the eyes of a post-Baby Boomer, Jewish-American family. It concentrates on the relationship between Abby, a therapist in private practice, and Len, an aging urban hipster who co-owns a delivery service and plays in a weekend rock band, as they juggle the pressures of running their careers and dealing with their two kids, Colin, ten, and Carly, eight. There are also a number of peripheral characters, like Rajiv, Len's Indian-American partner, and Abby's parents. The strip generally takes the form of simple stories that last about two weeks and explore some kind of issue or incident, like Abby having insomnia or Len joining a Led Zeppelin cover band.

Books
The strip has been compiled in Edge City: A Comic Strip Collection (2007) ().

See also
 Abie the Agent

References

External links

American comic strips
Gag-a-day comics
2000 comics debuts
2016 comics endings
Jewish-related comics
Comics about married people
Slice of life comics
Comics set in the 2000s
Comics set in the 2010s


NFL Street is a series of sports video games developed by EA Tiburon and published by Electronic Arts. It combines the talent and big names of the NFL with the atmosphere of street football.

History
NFL Street is the first installment of the NFL Street series, developed by EA Tiburon, and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released on January 13, 2004, for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox. Similar to the Blitz series, Street is seven-on-seven American football, modeled after its informal variant, street football. In the game, the player could create a team and complete challenges for rewards, play a pickup game with teams made from a pool of select NFL players, or just play a regular exhibition game.

NFL Street 2 is the first sequel to NFL Street, released on December 22, 2004, for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox, and later PlayStation Portable] (as NFL Street 2: Unleashed). The game introduced new game modes such as Own The City, NFL Gauntlet, 4 on 4, and Crush the Carrier. It also introduced new wall moves (such as the wall juke), Gamebreaker 2's, and several new playing fields.

The third installment of the series, NFL Street 3, was released November 14, 2006, for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. New game modes include Play Elimination, Yards for Points, and Bank, and the player can now perform specific Game Breaker Moves while on offense or defense (such as a Game Breaker Juke or a Lock on Tackle).

Games

Reception
The series has received generally favorable reviews.

See also
 FIFA Street
 NBA Street

References

External links
NFL Street series at MobyGames

Video game franchises
EA Sports games
Electronic Arts franchises
Video game franchises introduced in 2004


Harry C. Schafer (August 14, 1846 – February 28, 1935) was a professional baseball player who played for eight seasons in Major League Baseball.  He played for the Boston Red Stockings in the National Association for five seasons, and remained with the franchise for three additional years when it joined the National League in 1876 as the Boston Red Caps.  He played third base for much of his career.

Career
In the National Association, Schafer was a durable player who played in every game in the Red Stockings' first four seasons, earning at least a share of the league lead in games played in 1873 and 1874.  Schafer hit .288 in 1872, and had an above average fielding percentage.  He was a member of the Red Stockings teams that won four consecutive National Association championships from 1872 to 1875.

While playing for the renamed Red Caps in 1876, the first year of the National League, Schafer again led the league in games played.  He played in only half of the Red Caps' games in 1877, and was moved to right field for the season, but was nevertheless part of a team that won the National League championship.  In his final season, 1878, he played in only two games for a Red Caps team that won a second consecutive league championship.  Schafer had a career batting average of .271, and was a part of six championship teams in his eight seasons in the majors.

According to the Sporting News'''s 2008 Complete Baseball Record Book'', he is credited with recording four outfield assists in an 1877 game, a National League record.  The accuracy of this record has been called into question by statisticians.  Modern sources, including those on the official website of Major League Baseball, only credit Schafer with a single outfield assist for the 1877 season and four outfield assists for his entire career.

Schafer died on February 28, 1935, at the age of 88 in Philadelphia.

References

External links

1846 births
1935 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
Philadelphia Athletics (NABBP) players
Boston Red Stockings players
Boston Red Caps players
19th-century baseball players
Baseball players from Philadelphia
Rochester Hop Bitters players
Capital City of Albany players


To the Eyes of Memory (French: Aux yeux du souvenir) is a 1948 French romantic drama film directed by Jean Delannoy and starring Michèle Morgan, Jean Marais and Jean Chevrier. Delannoy co-wrote screenplay with Henri Jeanson and Georges Neveux. It was shot at the Francoeur and Joinville Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director René Renoux. The admissions in France were 4,559,689 people. It was nominated for a Golden Lion for Delannoy at 1949 Venice Film Festival.

Cast
 Michèle Morgan as Claire Magny
 Jean Marais as Jacques Forester
 Jean Chevrier as Le commandant Pierre Aubry
 Robert Murzeau as Paul Marcadout
 René Simon as En personne / Himself
 Jacques Louvigny as Le passager
 Jim Gérald as Le major
 Jeannette Batti as Ketty
 Colette Mars as Marcelle Marinier
 Daniel Ivernel as Bordas, le radio
 Philippe Lemaire as Un pilote
 Germaine Michel as La logeuse
 Yette Lucas as Mme Bastide
 Moune de Rivel as La chanteuse du night-club
 Marfa d'Hervilly as Une passagère
 Albert Duvaleix as Un passager
 Nicole Courcel as	Une élève du cours Simon
 Robert Hossein as 	Un élève du cours Simon
 Philippe Nicaud as 	Un élève du cours Simon

References

Bibliography
 Daniel Biltereyst, Richard Maltby & Philippe Meers. Cinema, Audiences and Modernity: New Perspectives on European Cinema History. Routledge, 2013.

External links

 To the Eyes of Memory at the British Film Institute
 Aux yeux du souvenir at Alice Cinema

 Aux yeux du souvenir at LE CINEMA FRANCOPHONE

1948 films
Films directed by Jean Delannoy
French black-and-white films
Pathé films
French romantic drama films
1948 romantic drama films
1940s French-language films
Films shot at Francoeur Studios
Films shot at Joinville Studios
1940s French films


Underfist: Halloween Bash (otherwise known as Underfist) is an American animated spin-off special of The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on October 12, 2008. The special was going to be the setup for a new series spin-off of Grim & Evil, but Maxwell Atoms's contract with Cartoon Network expired before he moved to Disney Channel for the TV series Fish Hooks, and the special was ultimately the finale of the Grim & Evil franchise.

Plot
On Halloween night, Irwin, Billy, Mandy, and Grim are trick-or-treating, Billy is a witch, Mandy and Grim are the Spanish Inquisition who burn witches and vampires, and Irwin is Dracula, king of the vampires. Billy, Mandy, and Grim decide to go home after having no success with Dracula, who rudely hands them pennies. Irwin realizes that his life is passing him by. A girl, Mindy, (secretly turned into a witch by an evil marshmallow bunny named Mr. Bun Bun) fools Irwin into opening an underworld portal, releasing an army of evil candy warriors who start terrorizing the neighborhood. Irwin gets attacked and contacts Hoss Delgado, who helps him with the battle. The warriors take down Hoss with soda-candy guns, which if Hoss gets sticky, he gets a rash. When they kill Skarr's winning purple pansies, he comes out of his garage with a robot, joining the battle. Soon it's an all out war, with no mercy, no rules, no nothing. Mindy again tricks Irwin, but this time, pretending she is being kidnapped by Mr. Bun Bun, taking her into the Underworld.

When the candy level gets too high, Hoss clicks his car unlock system, and a giant saw car drills out of the ground. They escape and start to plot their attack to the Underworld.

Soon they find a portal to the Underworld in the rain, which Hoss and Irwin jump in first, but the portal turns off, because Mindy destroyed the diamond powering it. The candy warriors try to sacrifice Hoss by pushing him into hot cocoa, but they want to leave Irwin alive. This is because he has the powers of a mummy, being half mummy from his mother, which they need to keep the balance of the Underworld in place, and to become stronger warriors to eat the trick-or-treaters.

Mindy creates a potion which turns all the warriors into monsters, and all she needs now is Irwin's powers to create the candy warriors ultimate monster form. But Irwin refuses. Soon Jeff the Spider, Fred Fredburger, and Skarr find out a way how to get to the Underworld by using Hoss's car to drill into the Underworld, and they rescue Irwin and Hoss.

But the army of candy monsters hasn't given up yet. They head to the city and attack. Irwin and Hoss get into an argument, leading into a battle, turning on each other. While the battle is going on, the monsters suck up Irwin's power and transform into one giant candy monster. Jeff and Fred try to escape, but they fail. Soon Hoss and Irwin see the monster and start to fight it, beating it. Irwin discovers that Hoss is scared of monsters, because he was haunted as a kid. In a rare moment of emotion, Hoss apologizes to Irwin for how he treated him and realizes there are good monsters out there. Mindy also realizes what she did was wrong and apologizes as well.

Just then, Mr. Bun Bun and Skarr (who is secretly working for him) appears and admits that he was the one who turned Mindy into a witch using a Witch Worm and used her to get to Irwin so he could use his powers to open up portals to the Underworld. He also reveals that he cut off Fred's tusks, made Billy scared of spiders, and haunted Hoss's childhood. Just as Bun Bun is about to kill Mindy and Underfist, Skarr betrays Bun Bun and kicks him into hot cocoa, melting the marshmallow bunny.

Grim, Billy, and Mandy (who became president) award Underfist for saving Halloween, but then they hear something outside and investigate. It is revealed that an army of squid warriors have found their way to the surface, which the team prepare to fight.

Characters and cast
 Vanessa Marshall – Irwin
 Armin Shimerman – Skarr, Candy Skeleton, Rat
 Maxwell Atoms – Jeff the Spider
 Diedrich Bader – Hoss Delgado
 C. H. Greenblatt – Fred Fredburger
 Dave Wittenberg – Mr. Bun Bun
 Rachael MacFarlane – Mindy
 Grey DeLisle – Mandy, Aunt Sis
 Greg Eagles – Grim, Sperg, Candy Bar, Pumpkin
 Richard Steven Horvitz – Billy, Harold
 Phil LaMarr – Dracula, Bougersnatch
 Martin Jarvis – Nergal

Production
Maxwell Atoms started production on Underfist shortly after he finished with The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy. The special was finished several months before it aired, but as it was a Halloween special, it was delayed until October. Cartoon Network did not pay for a permanent crew for a single film, so much of the work was done freelance or by Atoms himself. The film also used a different overseas animation crew at Digital eMation.

The special did not become a series due to the fact that Cartoon Network’s president at the time Stuart Snyder chose to focus on new ideas, which included live–action. This move resulted in long-time creators for the network such as Atoms, Mr. Warburton, and Craig McCracken leaving the network. Atoms later claimed on his personal Tumblr in 2021 that his decision to leave the network was not voluntary, as the special resulted in his firing by Michael Ouweleen for "ruining Cartoon Network's brand" with his gross out humor.

Reception
Underfist tied for first in ratings for the week it was aired and was nominated for Best Animated Television Production for Children in the 36th Annie Awards. The special won character designer Andy Suriano the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009. Jacob Paschal of Toon Zone gave the film a negative review, saying "Overall, Underfist is your typical annual Halloween film fluff designed to fill the airwaves and get younger folk hyped on something other than candy. Maybe you'll find that enough".

References

External links

2008 television films
2008 films
Animated television specials
Cartoon Network television films
Animated films based on animated series
American television series finales
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy films
Television films as pilots
Television pilots not picked up as a series
American films about Halloween
Animated films about Halloween


Music from Salem is a chamber music festival in Washington County, New York. Founded in 1985 by violist Lila Brown and violinist Judith Eissenberg. The festival features a summer concert series at the historic Hubbard Hal in Cambridge, New York; free children's workshops at area libraries and open rehearsals at the Brown Farm in Salem, New York – birthplace of Music from Salem. In 2006, the cellist Rhonda Rider and the pianist Judith Gordon joined Music from Salem as artistic co-directors.

The festival fuses familiar classics with lesser known works and the repertoire often includes contemporary works by composers such as Lee Hyla, John Harbison, John Cage and John Adams. The Cambridge Commission, a community supported bi-annual award launched in 2002, has brought the works of Allen Shawn, Gernot Wolfgang, Karl Korte and Gerald Busby to Music from Salem audiences.

Festival performers have included Diane Walsh, Ida Levin, Robert Levin, Sanford Sylvan, David Krakauer, Gilad Harel, Peter Matzka, Mary Nessinger, Nina Tichman, Werner Dickel, Kari Ravnan, David Breitman, Ulrike-Anima Mathe, Kjell-Arne Jorgensen, Dongsok Shin and Delores Stevens.

Music from Salem is performed throughout Washington County at venues such as Pompanuck Farm Institute, Dionondehowa Wildlife Sanctuary and School and Salem Art Works. Off–season programming includes winter and spring concerts and, in early June, the acclaimed Cello Seminar for young professional musicians.

References
"Best of the Capital Region 2007", Metroland, 22 October 2008
Freedman, Geraldine, "Music from Salem season opener offers varying moods of Busby",  Daily Gazette, 20 October 2008
Frisch, Tracy, "Summer Gems of Washington County: Intimate Gatherings where Artists reveal their Creative Process", Main Street [Cambridge], 8 August 2007, p. 9
"Lila Brown Interview", ThinkQuest Library, 20 October 2008
"LARAC Organization of the Month 2002", LARAC, 22 October 2008
Waller, John, "The Emotion is in the Music at Hubbard Hall", Bennington Banner, 7 August 2008

External links
Music from Salem website
Music from Salem artists Nina Tichman and David Breitman on NPR

Music festivals in New York (state)
Classical music festivals in the United States


The Macchi M.18 was a flying boat designed by Alessandro Tonini and produced by Macchi in Italy in the early 1920s. Originally planned as a passenger aircraft, it entered production as a bomber before eventually being offered on the civil market that it was originally intended for.

Design and development
A conventional design for World War I, the M.18 was a biplane flying boat with unstaggered wings of unequal span braced by Warren truss-style struts. The engine was mounted pusher-fashion in the interplane gap, and the pilot and observer sat in side-by-side open cockpits. An open position was provided in the bow for a gunner.

In addition to the standard military version, a version with folding wings was produced for shipboard use as the M.18AR. This equipped the Italian Navy's seaplane tender Giuseppe Miraglia and the Spanish Navy's Dédalo. The latter service used the type in action against Moroccan rebels. Six of the 20 machines purchased by Spain remained in service at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War and were used to attack Nationalist forces on Majorca as well as flying reconnaissance patrols. Portugal also operated the type, buying eight examples in 1928.

The Paraguayan government bought two Macchi M.18AR in late 1932 for the naval aviation wing. They received the serials R.3 and R.5 and were intensively used in the Chaco War (1932–1935). Both fulfilled many reconnaissance and bombing missions in the North Front during the war. The first aerial night bombing was done by R.5 on December 22, 1934. R.3 was destroyed in an accident at the end of the war and R.5 was in service until the mid-1940s.

Three civil versions were eventually produced. The first of these, the M.18 Economico ("Commercial"), was generally similar to the military version, but was followed by the M.18 Lusso ("Luxury") which featured an enclosed cabin. The M.18 Estivo ("Summertime") again reverted to open cockpits. Some 70 civil examples were produced in all, some being purchased by joyriding firms such as Ad Astra Aero in Switzerland and some others being used by SISA for training flying boat pilots for airline service in the Adriatic.

Variants
M.18 Standard bomber version.
M.18AR With folding wings for shipboard use.
M.18 Economico (Commercial) Civil version generally similar to the Military bomber.
M.18 Lusso (Luxury) Enclosed cabin VIP transport.
M.18 Estivo (Summertime) Open cockpit for joyriding.

Operators

Ecuadorian Air Force

Regia Marina

Paraguayan Navy

Portuguese Navy

Spanish Republican Air Force
Spanish Republican Navy

Spanish Air Force
Spanish Navy

Specifications (M.18 AR)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Sapienza Fracchia, Antonio Luis: "La Contribución Italiana en la Aviación Paraguaya". Author's edition. Asunción, 2007. 300 pp.

M.18
1920s Italian bomber aircraft
Flying boats
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1920


Jeb Sharp is an American radio journalist. She is an editor and correspondent for Public Radio International's program The World. She won the Lowell Thomas Award from the Overseas Press Club for best radio news or interpretation of international affairs in 2003 and in 2008. Other honors include the Sigma Delta Chi Award from the Society of Professional Journalists and the Dart Award for Excellence in Coverage of Trauma in 2009. Sharp was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University in 2006 and she was awarded a residency at Hedgebrook, a retreat for women writers, in 1995. She attended the Graduate School of Journalism at U.C. Berkeley and began her career at KCAW-FM in Sitka, Alaska. She has also worked at WBUR, a public radio station, in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

External links
Staff page at The World

American bloggers
American radio journalists
American radio reporters and correspondents
BBC World Service people
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Nieman Fellows
Public Radio International personalities
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American women radio journalists
American women bloggers
21st-century American women writers


Karl Johann August (Friedrich Wilhelm) Müller (16 December 1818 – 9 February 1899) was a German bryologist and science popularizer.

Prior to 1843 he worked as a pharmacist at several locations in Germany (Kranichfeld, Jever, Detmold and Blankenburg am Harz), followed by studies in botany at the University of Halle (1843 to 1846). In 1843 he became an assistant editor of Botanische Zeitung.  Together with Otto Ule and Emil Adolf Rossmässler, Müller founded the Die Natur which remained for decades the flagship journal of popular science in Germany. He authored several books to reach lay audiences in his attempt to spread an aesthetically imbued image of nature.

During his career he amassed a moss herbarium consisting of 12,000 bryological species. Pyrrhobryum parramattense is one of the many species he described. In 1898, Müller was a elected a member of the Leopoldina science academy.

Written works
 Synopsis muscorum frondosorum (two volumes, 1849/1851).
 Genera muscorum frondosorum (1901)., (with Karl Schliephacke).
 Antäus oder to dir Natur im Spiegel der Menschheit.

References
 Parts of this article are based on a translation of an equivalent article at the French Wikipedia.
 Darwin Correspondence Project- Müller, J.K.A.

External links

Bryologists
1818 births
1899 deaths
University of Halle alumni
People from Allstedt
19th-century German botanists
19th-century German scientists


Qajaq (, also Romanized as Qajāq) is a village in Mian Rokh Rural District, Jolgeh Rokh District, Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 359, in 87 families.

References

Populated places in Torbat-e Heydarieh County


The National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC) in Huntsville, Alabama is a joint research venture between NASA and the seven research universities of the state of Alabama, represented by the Space Science and Technology Alliance.  The aim of the NSSTC is to foster collaboration in research between government, academia, and industry. It consists of seven research centers: Space Science, Global Hydrology & Climate, Information Technology, Advanced Optics, Biotechnology, Material, and Propulsion. The west face of the building also houses the National Weather Service forecast office in Huntsville. Each center is managed by researchers from either Marshall Space Flight Center, the host NASA facility, or the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), the host university. For UAH purposes, the building is known as Robert "Bud" Cramer Research Hall and houses the Atmospheric Science and Space Science programs.

List of participating universities
Alabama A&M University
Auburn University
Tuskegee University
University of Alabama
University of Alabama at Birmingham
University of Alabama in Huntsville
University of South Alabama

External links
National Space Science and Technology Center - Official site.
NSSTC | USRA - The Universities Space Research Association page for the NSSTC.

Huntsville-Decatur, AL Combined Statistical Area
Landmarks in Alabama
NASA facilities
Buildings and structures in Huntsville, Alabama


Roland Ries (born 11 January 1945) is a French politician from Alsace who has held several posts on local, regional and national level between 1997 and 2020.

A member of the Socialist Party and mayor of Strasbourg between 2008 and 2020 Ries also serves as the first President of the Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict's Council since 2010. Ries had already been the mayor of Strasbourg (and the President of the Urban Community of Strasbourg) between June 1997 and January 2000, filling in for Catherine Trautmann (whose deputy he had been since 1989) after she had become Minister of Culture and Communication in the government of Lionel Jospin.

Ries has furthermore been a Member of the Senate of France for the Bas-Rhin department between September and November 2004 and is again a Member since February 2005. Since 24 September 2008, Roland Ries is the president of the Association TGV Est-Européen. and was elected a member of the board of directors of the SNCF for a period of five years starting on 8 March 2013. Additionally, he served as the chairman of the Groupement des autorités responsables de transport (GART) from September 2008 until September 2014 and was elected president of the network of French cities Cités unies France in July 2014, for a duration of two years.

Political career

Member of the French Economic and Social Council : 2001-2003.

Electoral mandates

Senate of France

Senator of Bas-Rhin : Since 2004. Elected in 2004.

Regional council

Regional councillor of Alsace : 1996-2004 (Resignation). Reelected in 1998, 2004.

Urban Community council

President of the Urban Community of Strasbourg : 1997-2001.

1st vice-président of the Urban Community of Strasbourg : Since 2008.

Vice-président of the Urban Community of Strasbourg : 1989-1997. Reelected in 1995.

Member of the Urban Community of Strasbourg : Since 1989. Reelected in 1995, 2001, 2008.

Municipal council

Mayor of Strasbourg : 1997-2000 / Since 2008. Reelected in 2008, 2014.

1st deputy-mayor of Strasbourg : 1989-1997. Reelected in 1995.

Municipal councillor of Strasbourg : Since 1983. Reelected in 1989, 1995, 2001, 2008.

Eurodistrict council

President of the Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict : since 2010

References

1945 births
Living people
Politicians from Grand Est
Unified Socialist Party (France) politicians
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Bas-Rhin
Mayors of Strasbourg
University of Strasbourg alumni
French people of German descent


Startin' Fires is the fifth studio album by American country music singer Blake Shelton. The album was released on November 18, 2008 via Warner Bros. Nashville. Its lead-off single, "She Wouldn't Be Gone", became Shelton's fifth number one hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of February 7, 2009. "I'll Just Hold On" was released as the album's second single. For Starting Fires, Shelton co-wrote two tracks.

Content
In an interview with CMT, Shelton explained the album title saying, "it just seemed like the right statement for what we're trying to do with my career right now. And I never felt confident enough to make a statement like that on an album title - not until now. I feel like I'm coming with the most momentum that I've ever had on a record."

The first single, "She Wouldn't Be Gone", debuted at number 52 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of August 23, 2008. It reached a peak of Number One on the chart week of February 7, 2009. "I'll Just Hold On" was released in February 2009 as the second single, which debuted at number 60 and peaked at number 8.

One of the album's songs, "I Don't Care", was first featured on Shelton's previous album, Pure BS. According to About.com, Shelton explained that he wanted the song to be "given its due", since it had not been released as a single. The song was not re-recorded for Startin' Fires.

Scott Hendricks produced all but two tracks on the album. "This Is Gonna Take All Night" was produced by Brent Rowan, and "I Don't Care" was produced by Bobby Braddock. Shelton co-wrote the track "Bare Skin Rug" with his future wife, Miranda Lambert, who also sings duet vocals on it.

Track listing

Personnel

 David Angell – violin
 Monisa Angell – viola
 Bobby Braddock – string arrangements, strings
 Tom Bukovac – electric guitar, sitar
 Lisa Cochran – background vocals
 Perry Coleman – background vocals
 Melodie Crittenden – background vocals
 Eric Darken – percussion, shaker
 David Davidson – violin
 Chip Davis – background vocals
 Shannon Forrest – drums, percussion
 Paul Franklin – steel guitar
 Aubrey Haynie – fiddle, mandolin
 Wes Hightower – background vocals
 Mike Johnson – pedal steel guitar
 Miranda Lambert – vocals on "Bare Skin Rug"
 Tim Lauer – Hammond B-3 organ, string arrangements, strings
 B. James Lowry – acoustic guitar
 Chris McHugh – drums, percussion
 Anthony LaMarchina – cello
 Brent Mason – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
 Greg Morrow – drums, percussion
 Gordon Mote – Hammond B-3 organ, piano
 Brent Rowan – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
 Blake Shelton – acoustic guitar, lead vocals
 Jimmie Lee Sloas – bass guitar
 Bryan Sutton – acoustic guitar
 Russell Terrell – background vocals
 Ilya Toshinsky – acoustic guitar
 Kristin Wilkinson – viola
 Glenn Worf – bass guitar
 Craig Young – bass guitar
 Jonathan Yudkin – mandolin

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Singles

Release history

References

2008 albums
Blake Shelton albums
Warner Records albums
Albums produced by Scott Hendricks


Ahillones is a Spanish municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. It has a population of 1,064 (2007) and an area of 21.5 km².

References

External links
Official website

Municipalities in the Province of Badajoz


Donald James Cock (10 July 1896 – 31 August 1974) was an English footballer. He was the younger brother of England international Jack Cock and his other brother Herbert was also a footballer.

Born in Hayle, Cornwall, Cock started his professional career with Brentford during World War I. A striker, he moved to Fulham in 1919. In three seasons with the Second Division club, he averaged a goal every other game, and was the club's leading goalscorer in 1919–20 and 1920–21. He moved to Notts County in October 1922 and played nearly 100 games in three seasons there, being the club's top scorer in 1922–23 and 1923–24, winning the Second Division title in the former.

Cock's exploits at Notts County earned the eye of Arsenal and he was signed by Leslie Knighton in March 1925, making his debut for Arsenal against Bolton Wanderers on 7 March 1925. However, in his next match, against his former club Notts County at Meadow Lane, he was tackled strongly and broke his leg. He was out of action for five months and could not find favour under new manager Herbert Chapman. Cock only played one more game for Arsenal before being sold to Clapton Orient in October 1925.

Cock regained his form at Orient, becoming top scorer for the Second Division side in 1925–26 and 1926–27 before finishing his career with brief stints at Wolves and Newport County in 1927. He retired from professional football, aged 31, soon after. He died in 1974, aged 78.

References

1896 births
1974 deaths
People from Hayle
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Brentford F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Footballers from Cornwall
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players