Hillel Street (, Rehov Hillel) is one of the central streets of Jerusalem. It connects King George Street to the small Ben Sira Street and the Mamilla neighbourhood and is parallel to Ben Yehuda Street. The lower part of the road is between Independence Park and the Nahalat Shiva neighborhood.

The street was named for Hillel the Elder, and a street parallel to it is called Shammai Street (after Shammai the Elder). Most of the buildings on the street date from the British Mandate period and follow the architectural style of that time.

It is located in the business district. There are shops, cafes, pubs and office buildings. On the street is the first two original cafés for Aroma Espresso Bar and Cafe Hillel (which got its name from the street).

Among the notable buildings are:
 Hotel Eden, former offices of the Bank of Israel and today the Ministry of Immigrant Absorption
 Jerusalem Hotel Tower (Migdal Yerushalayim)
 Italian Synagogue and the Umberto Nahon Museum of Italian Jewish Art
 Beit Agron, which houses the offices of the foreign press of the government

References

Streets in Jerusalem
Odonyms referring to religion


Bernt Michael Holmboe (23 March 1795 – 28 March 1850) was a Norwegian mathematician. He was home-tutored from an early age, and was not enrolled in school until 1810. Following a short period at the Royal Frederick University, which included a stint as assistant to Christopher Hansteen, Holmboe was hired as a mathematics teacher at the Christiania Cathedral School in 1818, where he met the future renowned mathematician Niels Henrik Abel. Holmboe's lasting impact on mathematics worldwide has been said to be his tutoring of Abel, both in school and privately. The two became friends and remained so until Abel's early death. Holmboe moved to the Royal Frederick University in 1826, where he worked until his own death in 1850.

Holmboe's significant impact on mathematics in the fledgling Norway was his textbook in two volumes for secondary schools. It was widely used, but faced competition from Christopher Hansteen's alternative offering, sparking what may have been Norway's first debate about school textbooks.

Early life and career
Bernt Michael Holmboe was born in Vang in 1795, the son of vicar Jens Holmboe (1746–1823) and his wife Cathrine Holst (1763–1823). He grew up in Eidsberg with his nine siblings, and was the elder brother of noted philologist Christopher Andreas Holmboe. Holmboe was homeschooled from an early age, but was sent to the Christiania Cathedral School in 1810 to complete his secondary education. There he undertook extracurricular studies in mathematics. He enrolled as a student at the Royal Frederick University in 1814, a turbulent year in Norwegian history. Norway had been a province of Denmark since 1397, but had come under Swedish control in the January 1814 Treaty of Kiel. Following Norway's declaration of independence in the Constitution of 17 May, Sweden responded by waging a military campaign against Norway during the summer of 1814. Holmboe was a spokesperson for the student group opposed to the presence of Swedish troops in the country. Any outspokenness from the student community was highly visible at the time, as the university had only seventeen students as of 1813, its year of establishment.

As well as his private studies, Holmboe attended lectures given by Søren Rasmusen. In 1815 he was appointed to the position of scientific assistant under Christopher Hansteen, a lecturer at the university, and delivered some lectures himself. In early 1818, Holmboe became a mathematics teacher at the Christiania Cathedral School, a position that had become vacant in 1817. The school principal, Jacob Rosted, had invited Holmboe's brother, Christopher Andreas, who had also studied mathematics, to take up the position, but he had decided instead to concentrate on philology; Christopher went on to research the Sanskrit language among others. In his teaching, Holmboe drew inspiration from Joseph-Louis Lagrange.

Niels Henrik Abel

At the Christiania Cathedral School, Holmboe met Niels Henrik Abel, then a pupil there. Holmboe quickly discovered Abel's talent, and proclaimed him as a "splendid genius" in his report card. The school's primary focus was on classical education and Latin, and so Holmboe tutored Abel privately. His personal support for Abel has been called "[Holmboe's] most important contribution to mathematics".

Holmboe and Abel became close friends. Two of Holmboe's younger brothers studied with Abel, and the three were also on friendly terms. Abel was invited to the Holmboe family residence in Eidsberg on several occasions, including to celebrate Christmas.

Abel died from tuberculosis in 1829, at the age of twenty-six. Ten years after Abel's death Holmboe edited and published his complete works in two volumes—Oeuvres complètes de N.H. Abel ('Complete Works of N.H. Abel'). He was the first to do so.

Later life and career
Holmboe published his first textbook in mathematics in 1825. The 274-page book was named Lærebog i Mathematiken. Første Deel (Textbook in Mathematics. Part One). In 1827 he followed with the second volume, Lærebog i Mathematiken. Anden Deel (Textbook in Mathematics. Part Two), consisting of a further 155 pages. He used his own teaching experience as the background for his writing; mainly abstract, the purpose of the books was to instill logical thinking. For instance, in the field geometry, it enticed readers to envisage a figure instead of putting it to paper. The books became widely used, and were reprinted in four and five volumes respectively.

In 1826, Holmboe was appointed a lecturer at the Royal Frederick University. Some claimed that he owed his appointment to Abel's absence, as the latter was travelling around in Europe at that time. Holmboe also taught mathematics at a military college, from 1826 until his death, and was promoted to professor at the Royal Frederick University in 1834. His later publications include Stereometrie (Stereometry) (1833), Plan- og sfærisk Trigonometrie (Plan and Spherical Trigonometry) (1834), and Lærebog i den høiere Mathematik (Textbook of Advanced Mathematics) (1849). Holmboe was an influence on other mathematicians as well as Abel, including Ole Jacob Broch (born 1818).

At the university, Holmboe again met Christopher Hansteen, who had become a professor there in 1816. In 1835, Hansteen published his own mathematics textbook for secondary schools. A reaction to Holmboe's books and method of teaching, it was more practically oriented. Holmboe wrote a review of the book for the newspaper Morgenbladet, in which he advised schools not to use it. A public debate followed, with contributions from other mathematicians. It has been claimed that this was the first debate on the subject of school textbooks in Norway. Hansteen's textbook was not reprinted.

Holmboe also became involved in the field of insurance. From 1832 to 1848 he was a member of Tilsynskomiteen for private forsørgelses- og understøttelsesselskaper, the country's first public committee for the supervision of insurance companies. On the other side of the table, from 1847 Holmboe was a member of the board of directors of the insurance company Gjensidige, founded by his former student Ole Jacob Broch.

Legacy
A Bernt Michael Holmboe Memorial Prize for teachers of mathematics was established in 2005, and is awarded annually. The prize money, NOK 50,000, are provided by the Abel Foundation, which awards the Abel Prize. The prize is administered by the board of the Norwegian Mathematical Society. The current board chairman is Tom Lindstrøm, professor at the University of Oslo.

A street at Majorstuen in Oslo, Holmboes gate, has been named after Bernt Michael Holmboe. Before 1879 it was named Hansteens gate, after Christopher Hansteen.

Marriage and children
Holmboe married twice. His first wife, Nikoline Antonie Finkenhagen, born 1804 in Toten, died in 1839 after five years of marriage. They had three daughters, two of whom (Fredrikke and Nikoline, Jr.) reached adulthood, and one stillborn son. He married his second wife, Ingeborg Thorp in 1842. She was born in 1812 in Voss. This marriage produced two sons, Christopher and Jens, and two daughters, Cathrine and Olava. Only Jens and Cathrine reached adulthood.

Bernt Michael Holmboe died in 1850, and his second wife outlived him by thirty-three years.

References and notes

Notes

References

Further reading
 . See particularly Chapter 4.

1795 births
1850 deaths
Norwegian mathematicians
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
People from Østfold
People from Eidsberg
People educated at Oslo Cathedral School
Niels Henrik Abel
Bernt Michael
Mathematics educators


Huddersfield Town's 1935–36 campaign was a season that saw Town emulate their successes in the mid-1920s, by finishing the season in third place. They achieved the same number of points as second placed Derby County, but finished eight points behind champions Sunderland.

Squad at the start of the season

Review
Town's form dramatically improved from the disappointing 16th place the previous season. The season did not have many big highlights with the exception of the third-place finish, although their position might have been even higher if Charlie Luke had not been transferred to Sheffield Wednesday and Alf Lythgoe had not had his leg injury which kept him out for the last three months.

Squad at the end of the season

Results

Division One

FA Cup

Appearances and goals

1935–36
English football clubs 1935–36 season


Ballistic syllables are a phonemic distinction in Otomanguean languages: Chinantec and Amuzgo. They have been described as characterized with increased sub-glottal pressure (Mugele 1982) or laryngeal abduction (Silverman 1994). The acoustic effect is a fortis release of the consonant, a gradual surge in the intensity of the vowel, followed by a rapid decay in intensity into post-vocalic aspiration. They may thus be a form of phonation.

Non-ballistic syllables are, by contrast, called "controlled."

See Chinantec of Ozumacín for examples.

References

Phonation


Donald Gordon Howse (born July 28, 1952) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played 33 games in the National Hockey League with the Los Angeles Kings during the 1979–80 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1971 to 1989, was mainly spent in the minor and senior leagues.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1952 births
Living people
Binghamton Dusters players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Greensboro Generals (EHL) players
Hershey Bears players
Houston Apollos players
Ice hockey people from Newfoundland and Labrador
Los Angeles Kings players
Nova Scotia Voyageurs players
Ottawa 67's players
People from Grand Falls-Windsor
Undrafted National Hockey League players


The London, Midland and Scottish Railway and British Railways Class 4 2-6-4T was a family of classes of steam locomotives.  A grand total of 800 engines were built to five separate designs by four different mechanical engineers, over a period of 29 years.  Each new design was a development of the previous one.  The LMS gave the whole family the power classification 4P, BR 4MT.  It is therefore worth considering them as a group as follows:

Withdrawal

All engines were withdrawn from stock between 1959 and 1967, summarised as follows:

Technical comparison

For technical purposes, it is worth splitting the Fairburn tanks into two subclasses; early (42050–42146) and late (42147–42699) as their weights differ slightly.

References

4
2-6-4T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1927


The Humane league of Lancaster County was founded in 1917 to "prevent animals from becoming homeless through providing services and education to help people understand how to provide responsible lifetime care to their animals". It is based in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Early history

On May 3, 1917, Miss Maud Haldeman (1874–1931), along with seventeen other women, formed the Woman's Humane League of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The organization's stated purpose was as follows: This corporation is founded for the prevention of cruelty to, and care of, children, girls, aged persons, and animals within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and to enforce all  laws enacted by the Pennsylvania legislature or by Congress for the protection of the children, girls, aged persons and animals As social service agencies began to address the problems of woman and children, the League turned its attention exclusively to animal welfare. Although for 20 years complaints were investigated and resolved, no shelter was available for homeless animals until 1937, when animals were temporarily housed in kennels, fairgrounds and other locations in the area.. A "Men's Advisory Committee" was formed in 1946 to assist the ladies, and soon thereafter, in 1947, the word "Woman's" was omitted from the name and formally changed to The Humane League of Lancaster County.

Since April 2006, Franklin and Marshall College, Archives & Special Collections, Shadek-Fackenthal Library, has been the official custodian of the records of the Woman's Humane League of Lancaster County.

Today

2007 marked the 90th anniversary of the Humane League of Lancaster County, which is located today on Lincoln Highway East, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, with 30 staff members and over 150 volunteers. Maud Haldeman died in 1931 and bequeathed her estate to the Humane League of Lancaster County (unofficially estimated at over $200,000, or $ in  dollars). Her legacy has been honored through the formation of the Maud Haldeman Society, a group of individuals who have included the Humane League in their estate planning through bequests or beneficiary designations.

In June of 2020, Karel Minor, the CEO of Humane League of Lancaster County, posted on Facebook "She's got her knee on life's neck like it's a minority in Minnesota, That's probably too soon", making light of the murder of George Floyd which had occurred weeks prior. Minor resigned as director of the Owen J. Roberts School Board but remains CEO of Humane League.

Feral cat policy

Beginning September 1, 2008, the Humane League adopted a "trap-neuter-return" policy and will no longer accept feral cats for euthanasia. Instead, interested parties are asked to schedule an appointment to have the cat spayed or neutered for a minimal fee. Traps are available for rental from the League. A trapped cat may be brought to the scheduled appointment, picked up post surgery and returned to the wild.

References

External links

http://www.petfinder.com/
https://web.archive.org/web/20090220093334/http://www.pawsofpa.org/new/services.php?p=43
http://www.snapofpa.org/index.html

Animal shelters in the United States
Animal welfare organizations based in the United States


Raymond Webb Thompson, Jr. (March 12, 1911 – February 14, 1999) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.  Thompson placed sixth in the men's 100-meter freestyle, recording a time of 59.5 seconds in the final.

See also
 List of United States Naval Academy alumni

External links
  Raymond Thompson – Olympic athlete profile at Sports-Reference.com
 Raymond Thompson's obituary

1911 births
1999 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
Navy Midshipmen men's swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Sportspeople from Bethesda, Maryland
Swimmers at the 1932 Summer Olympics


Ulf Erik Isaksson (19 March 1954 – 25 December 2003) was a Swedish ice hockey player who played one season for the Los Angeles Kings in 1982–83. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1971 to 1988, was mainly spent with AIK IF in Sweden. Internationally Isaksson played for the Swedish national team at the 1981 and 1982 World Championships.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

External links

1954 births
2003 deaths
AIK IF players
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Los Angeles Kings players
New Haven Nighthawks players
People from Sigtuna Municipality
Swedish ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Stockholm County


James Raymond Gilhula (June 14, 1912 – March 11, 1962) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.  Gilhula competed in the semifinals of the 400-meter freestyle, placing fourth with a time of 4:55.4.

References

1912 births
1962 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
20th-century American people


The Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle (Wheeled), abbreviated to CVR(W) was a line of vehicles to replace the Ferret Armoured Car in British Army service.

Two variants were planned:

Fox (FV721) - fitted with a high velocity 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon, the same as fitted to the FV107 Scimitar Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle a member of the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) family
Vixen - to replace Ferret in the liaison role, armed with no more than a light machine gun but with space for 4 including the crew.

Vixen was developed but was cancelled in the Mason defence review of 1974–75, and never reached service. Fox was deployed with both Regular Army and Territorial Army units but gathered a poor image due to some accidents where the vehicle tipped over - probably due to a combination of the high centre of gravity and poor driving.

Notes and references

Armoured cars of the United Kingdom


Borrelia hermsii is a spirochete bacterium that has been implicated as a cause of tick-borne relapsing fever. It is spread by the soft-bodied tick Ornithodoros hermsi.

References

hermsii


The 2008–09 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State University for the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team played its home games on Jack Friel Court in Beasley Coliseum in Pullman, Washington.

At the end of March 2009, Tony Bennett announced that he was leaving Washington State to take the head coaching job at Virginia. Ken Bone, formerly with Portland State, took over.

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=9| Exhibition

|-
!colspan=9| Regular Season

|-
!colspan=9| Pac-10 tournament

|-
!colspan=9| National Invitation Tournament

Notes
 Taylor Rochestie was named to the All-Pac-10 team; DeAngelo Casto and Klay Thompson were named to the All-Freshman team.

References

Washington State Cougars men's basketball seasons
Washington State
Washington State
Washington State
Washington State


Borrelia recurrentis is a species of Borrelia, a spirochaete bacterium associated with relapsing fever. B. recurrentis is usually transmitted from person to person by the human body louse. Since the 1800s, the body louse has been known as its only known vector.

B. recurrentis DNA was found in 23% of head lice from patients with louse-borne relapsing fever in Ethiopia. Whether head lice can transmit these bacteria from one person to another remains to be determined.

It is notable for its ability to alter the proteins expressed on its surface, which causes the "relapsing" characteristic of relapsing fever.

References

recurrentis


The Sandy Spring Friends Meetinghouse is a historic building located at Sandy Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland. It is a large, Flemish bond brick, Federal-style Quaker Meeting House built in 1817. The meetinghouse is on two acres deeded by James Brooke in the 1750s, for the use of the Quaker Meeting.  Nearby is the cemetery where he and many of his descendants were buried.

In the mid-1900s a community house was built adjacent, "where first day school" classes and "young friends" meet. The weekly meeting (congregation) was also essential in the formation of Sandy Spring Friends School, and Friends House (an assisted living community), both built nearby on Norwood Road.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

References

External links
, including photo in 1996, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Quaker meeting houses in Maryland
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Churches completed in 1817
Churches in Montgomery County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland


Noel Philip Ryan (1912 – 23 November 1969) was an Australian freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and the 1930 and 1934 British Empire Games. In 1932 he finished fourth in the 1500-metre freestyle.  In the 400-metre freestyle, he was eliminated in the semi-finals and in the 100-metre freestyle event he was eliminated in the first round. Nicknamed "Tiger", Ryan won Australian swimming championships in most of the years between 1928 and 1941, in all winning 16 Australian and 27 New South Wales titles, plus four gold medals at the Empire Games of 1930 and 1934.

References

1912 births
1969 deaths
Australian male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Australia
Swimmers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1930 British Empire Games
Swimmers at the 1934 British Empire Games
Swimmers at the 1938 British Empire Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
People from Manly, New South Wales
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
20th-century Australian people
Medallists at the 1930 British Empire Games
Medallists at the 1934 British Empire Games
Medallists at the 1938 British Empire Games


The first USS Wandank (AT-26), originally Fleet Tug No. 26, later ATO-26, was a United States Navy fleet tug in commission from 1920 to 1922 and again from 1922 to 1946.

USS Wandank (Fleet Tug No. 26) was laid down on 7 April 1919 at Buffalo, New York, by the Ferguson Steel and Iron Company. She was launched on 21 October 1919 and commissioned on 23 March 1920. Later that year, her designation was changed from Fleet Tug No. 26 to AT-26 as the U.S. Navy instituted its alphanumeric hull classification system.

Assigned to the 5th Naval District, Wandank operated out of Norfolk, Virginia, until decommissioned on 31 March 1922. Recommissioned on 8 May 1922, Wandank resumed the provision of tug services out of Norfolk for the United States Atlantic Fleet in the Hampton Roads-Virginia Capes area. During the summer of 1939, she operated off Portsmouth, New Hampshire, first to assist in rescuing 33 crewmen from the sunken submarine USS Squalus (SS-192) in May 1939, and later to assist in raising the submarine herself, including towing of the raised submarine to shallower water in August 1939.

Wandank was transferred to Boston, Massachusetts, on 8 October 1940 for special duty in the 1st Naval District. She operated out of Boston on coastal towing duties throughout World War II. Her duties included towing yard oilers and other small craft and participating in the towing of transport USS Wakefield (AP-21), which had been severely damaged by fire in September 1942.

On 15 May 1944, Wandanks designation was changed again, to ATO-26.

Decommissioned on 20 September 1946 and struck from the Navy List on 13 November 1946, Wandank was transferred to the Maritime Commission on 17 July 1947 and simultaneously delivered to W. A. Bisso of New Orleans, Louisiana. She was then in commercial service for the New Orleans Coal and Bisso Towboat Company as W. A. Bisso until 1971.

References

External links

Tugs of the United States Navy
Ships built in Buffalo, New York
1919 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States


The Bridge at Nimreh is a Roman bridge in the vicinity of Shahba (ancient Philippopolis), Syria, dating to the 3rd or 4th century AD. Its transversal arch construction derives from old building traditions of the Hauran region and is arguably unique in Roman bridge building.

Road network of the Hauran
The Bridge at Nimreh is located in the Hauran (ancient name: Auranitis), a mountainous volcanic region c. 80 km southeast from Damascus in the transitional zone between agricultural land and the desert. Due to fertile soils and sufficient rainfalls, the area yielded in Roman times particularly high returns, which could be transported on the extensive Roman road network. The Hauran lay at the junction of several long distance trade routes: the inland trade route between Petra, Damascus and Aleppo went right through the main emporium Bostra, while the trans-Arabian caravan route and the road to Palmyra, the later Strata Diocletiana, touched the north respectively south of the region.

After the annexation by emperor Trajan in 106 AD, the infrastructure of the newly established Provincia Arabia was greatly expanded by the construction of Roman forts and military roads to ward off nomadic incursions; in Bostra the Legio III Cyrenaica was stationed. The rugged terrain, with many wadis crisscrossing it, made necessary the construction of solid bridges, another two of which have survived to this day: the Gemarrin Bridge and the Kharaba Bridge.

Construction
The bridge is situated 10 km southeast from Shahba, close to the modern road at the foot of the mountain village Nimreh, which was known in the Onomastikon of Eusebius by the name Namara and regarded as an important place (vicus grandis). Here, the bridge crosses the Wadi al-Liwa almost right-angled, making a small bend of 120° at its western end; a slightly elevated causeway continues for about 100 m before trailing off. The bridge is 25 m long, with the eastern section covering the larger part (15 m). Its width of 4.52 m corresponds exactly to that of the Kharaba Bridge. The span of its single arch is 6.73 m, with a rise of 3.10 m, resulting in a slightly less pronounced profile (c. 160°) than the typical Roman semi-circular arch (180°); the overall height from the riverbed to the apex of the arch is reported as 3.60 m.

The vault was made of three parallel, transversal arches standing at intervals of 1.20 m; the arches were built of 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and just as high ashlar, while the spaces in between are covered with longish basalt blocks. This design principle – transversal arches with lintels – seems to be unique among Roman bridges. It also appears in the Hauran in roof constructions of late antique basilicas, and the early Christian church in Nimreh, indicating a construction date in the 3rd or 4th century AD. Possibly, the bridge was built in the 3rd century AD, when the region prospered, culminating in a large building program which emperor Philippus Arabs (r. 244–249 AD) initiated for his home town Shahba, then Philippopolis. The practice of using transversal arches for vaulting large chambers was continued in the Hauran until the early 20th century.

Presumably, the bridge was built directly onto the solid stone. Its almost unadorned masonry walls consist of rectangular, roughly smoothed basalt blocks of varying size without mortar (opus quasi-quadratum). Since Roman bridges rarely featured basalt, its use is undoubtedly due to the availability of the material in situ. The spandrel walls on both sides are broken up, revealing the interior filling of stone, sand and earth. The pavement, parts of which are well preserved, consists of large, smoothed basalt stones.

See also
 List of Roman bridges
 Roman architecture
 Roman engineering

References

Sources

Roman bridges in Syria
Deck arch bridges
Stone bridges in Syria
Buildings and structures in as-Suwayda Governorate


The Gasunie Building is one of the most famous buildings in Groningen, Netherlands. It was built as a headquarters for Gasunie and was officially opened on 22 April 1994 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. The building has 18 floors and is  high, which makes it the third tallest building in Groningen, the first being the Martinitoren. It is in the south of the city, on the edge of the Stadspark and right next to the main highways.

History
The old Gasunie building facilities could not meet the needs of growing number of the employees. After evaluation of economic and practical issues, it was decided to build a new building was made. The project started in 1989 with selecting a suitable site and creating a list of requirements, which architects should have implemented in their proposals.

Architecture

The design of the building was developed by Alberts and Van Huut architects bureau and is considered to be a great example of ‘organic building’.  There are two distinct parts in the building: high-rise section with offices and low-rise section with meeting rooms and service facilities.  One of the main features of the building is its unique stairwell with glass ‘waterfall’ which is  high and  wide. The floors of the building are visually linked by this glass wall, which creates a sense of unity and space.

References

External links

Gasunie-gebouw
- Newspaper ″Trouw″ 2007 -Most beautiful building in Groningen-

Office buildings completed in 1994
Buildings and structures in Groningen (city)
Towers in Groningen (province)
1994 establishments in the Netherlands
20th-century architecture in the Netherlands


This is a list of Missouri covered bridges.  There are four historic wooden covered bridges in Missouri, all now listed as State Historic Sites and under the protection of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.

State officials estimate that Missouri had about thirty covered bridges from the 1820s through the end of the 19th century.  On May 25, 1967, the state legislature authorized the Missouri State Park Board to take possession of the remaining bridges in order to repair and preserve them.  At the time, five covered bridges remained, but the Mexico covered bridge was destroyed in a flood later that year.

References

External links

Covered bridges in Missouri
Missouri covered bridges
Bridges, covered


This is an all-time list of Women's National Basketball Association head coaches.

Coaches

Note: Coaching records are correct as of the end of the 2020 season.

External links
 WNBA.com Coaches Page

Head
Coaches
Women's sport-related lists


The Thomas and Company Cannery is a historic building located at Gaithersburg, Montgomery County, Maryland.  It is a one to two-story tall, free-standing, load-bearing brick rectangular structure composed of four discrete, structurally independent but contiguous elements, built between 1917 and 1918.  An addition was constructed in 1956. It was the first and largest vegetable cannery in Montgomery County. The cannery was the primary employer in Gaithersburg, providing regular full and part-time employment for more than 200 people, and hundreds of additional jobs for migrant workers employed picking vegetables grown in the surrounding area. It closed in 1963, after fire damage.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

References

External links
, including photo in 1989, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Montgomery County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland


Princess Eleonora Fugger von Babenhausen (October 4, 1864 in Bartenstein — March 1, 1945 in Vienna) was an Austrian noblewoman, socialite and chronicler of the House of Fugger. She is also known as Nora Fugger in her autobiography.

Early life
Eleonore Aloysia Maria was born Princess zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, as the third child of Prince Carl zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (1837–1877) and his wife Princess Rosa Karoline née Countess von Sternberg (1836–1918). She had two elder siblings: Princess Marie (1861–1933) and Prince Johannes (1863–1921), who was married to Archduchess Anna Maria Theresia of Austria, a daughter of Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany and sister of Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony, in 1901.

Marriage and issue
Eleonora married Karl, 5th Prince Fugger von Babenhausen (1861–1925) on January 8, 1887, in Vienna. Her husband was chamberlain to the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.

Their children together:
 Countess Friederike (October 27, 1887 in Klagenfurt – July 4, 1949), who married Sir Adrian Carton de Wiart (1880–1959)
 Georg, 6th Prince Fugger von Babenhausen (1889–1934), who married Countess Elisabeth von Plessen (1891–1976)
 Countess Sylvia (May 8, 1892 in Enzersdorf – April 13, 1949), who married (then divorced in 1928) Count Friedrich zu Münster (1891–1942)
 Count Leopold (1893–1966), who married (then divorced in 1936) Countess Vera Czernin von und zu Chudenitz (1904–1959)
 Countess Maria Theresia (March 1, 1899 – June 28, 1994 in Munich), who married Prince Heinrich von Hanau und Horowitz (1900-1971)
 Countess Helene (June 21, 1908 – 1915 in Babenhausen)

Her memoirs are filled with stories about the upper classes of the Austro-Hungarian empire and are a testimony to that period of history.

Literature
 Nora Fugger. The Glory of the Habsburgs: The memoirs of Princess Fugger. G.C. Harrap (1932) ASIN B00085SJMS

References

Eleonora
Eleonora
1945 deaths
1864 births
People from Schwäbisch Hall (district)
People from Austria-Hungary


Paolo Costoli (12 August 1910 – 28 January 1966) was an Italian freestyle swimmer who won six medals at the European championships in 1931 and 1934. He competed at the 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics in four events in total, ranging from 200 to 1500 m, but failed to reach the finals.

He died in an aircraft crash in Bremen, Germany.

References

External links

1910 births
1966 deaths
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Italian male swimmers
Italian male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Italy
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Germany
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1966
20th-century Italian people
Sportspeople from Florence


Arthur Wellesley Soames (30 November 1852 – 2 November 1934) was a British Liberal politician and architect.

Family and education
Soames was born in Brighton, the son of William Aldwin Soames. He was educated at Brighton College, the public school which his father had founded in 1845, and in 1871 he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge where he obtained his BA in 1877 and MA in 1881. In 1876 he married Eveline, the daughter of T. Horsman Coles from Ore in East Sussex. They had three sons and two daughters. Of the three sons, two, Gilbert and Maurice, were killed during the First World War.

Career
Soames studied architecture under Sir Arthur Blomfield who was an Associate of the Royal Academy. He then set up his own architectural practice between 1882 and 1898.

Politics
Soames was a Liberal in the Radical tradition. He was Chairman of the East Marylebone Liberal and Radical Association. He was adopted as the Radical candidate for Ipswich at the 1892 general election and fought the seat, without success, in 1895. However he got his opportunity to enter Parliament at a by-election in the constituency of South Norfolk held on 12 May 1898. The by-election was occasioned by the resignation on grounds of ill-health of the sitting Liberal Unionist (formerly Liberal) MP, Francis Taylor. Standing as a Radical, Soames gained 4,625 votes. His Unionist opponent, Sancroft Holmes received  3,295 giving a very healthy Liberal majority of 1,330.

Soames decided not to contest his seat again at the 1918 general election, by that time aged 66 years.

References

External links

1852 births
1934 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
19th-century English architects
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
UK MPs 1895–1900
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
Architects from Brighton
19th-century male tennis players
English male tennis players


Bali United Football Club is a professional football club based in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. The club competes in the Liga 1, the top tier of Indonesian football. Bali United emerged in 2015 as the result of the total rebranding of Indonesia Super League club Putra Samarinda (popularly known as Pusam) after its new owner relocated the club to Gianyar from Samarinda, East Kalimantan. The rebranded club retained Putra Samarinda's top-tier rights to compete in the 2015 Indonesia Super League season. It only took four years for the club to win its first top-level football championship title in the 2019.

Bali United was the first professional football club in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, also second in Asia after Guangzhou Evergrande, to be publicly traded after its shares were offered through the Indonesia Stock Exchange on 17 June 2019. PT Bali Bintang Sejahtera Tbk released as much as 2 billion shares of the total issued and paid up capital after the initial public offering (IPO). Shares were set to go on sale for between IDR 120 and IDR 180 each, and actually became IDR 175 by the launch of the IPO on 10 June.

History

Foundation
After the 2014 Indonesia Super League season ended, Putra Samarinda owner Harbiansyah Hanafiah decided to sell the club to businessman Pieter Tanuri who relocated the Borneo club to Gianyar, upon noticing the affluent island of Bali had no representative in the top-flight of Indonesian football after the 2013 dissolution of Indonesia Premier League (IPL) club Bali Devata FC after the controversial IPL league stopped. Tanuri, who co-owns tiremaker Multistrada Arah Sarana, chose Gianyar because Bali Devata used a mid-size stadium there called the Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium and the regency is strategically located at the center of the island, rather than the coasts where most foreign tourists flock. The new owner wanted the club to attract the local Balinese fans from all corners of the island and rise as the pride of Bali. To achieve that, Tanuri also totally rebranded the club to an outfit that carries the Balinese identity, starting by renaming it Bali United Pusam Football Club with colors and a crest that pay homage to the unique culture in Bali.

Eventually, the Pusam historical tag was dropped when Bali United began to be considered as an elite club in Indonesia with the most professional management under the direction of Pieter Tanuri's brother Yabes Tanuri.

Bumpy start (2015-16)
Bali United started its foray into top-flight Indonesian football in the 2015 season of the Indonesian Super League. However, the season was discontinued only after the rebranded club played two games amid the conflict between the Indonesian government and the country's football association PSSI that also led to a FIFA suspension on all association football activities in Indonesia from May 2015 to May 2016.
Bali United in late 2016 finished their first full season in an unauthorized league that tried to fill the gap left by the dissolved Indonesia Super League, the 2016 Indonesia Soccer Championship A. They finished 12th out of 18 teams, a respectable result for a new club.

Liga 1 years

In the first Liga 1 season in 2017, Bali United struggled in their first two matches, leading to the sacking of head coach Hans-Peter Schaller. His successor, Indonesia national football team legend Widodo Cahyono Putro, managed to make Bali United compete for the title and become the most productive team in the league. However, the controversial decision from organizers to use the head-to-head results in crowning the Indonesian Police club Bhayangkara despite it having the same exact points with Bali United dashed the hopes of a fairy-tale ending.

Being runner-up of the 2017 season, Bali United in 2018 competed in an AFC competition for the first time in their history. The club made their debut in the AFC Champions League on 16 January 2018 with a 3–1 win over Tampines Rovers in the preliminary stage round 1, but failed to reach the group stage after losing 1–2 to Chiangrai United in the preliminary stage round 2.
They also debuted in the AFC Cup where they were eliminated in the group stage after only finishing fourth.
Their bad streak continued in the league. A controversy occurred when coach Widodo resigned the day before a key match against Persija, triggering supporters to light flares throughout the match as a symbol of protest against the management. They finished the 2018 season in the 11th spot.

In another twist, Widodo was replaced by the triumphant Persija coach in that controversial match, Brazilian Stefano Cugurra, who led Persija to win the 2018 title. In his first season at Bali United, Cugurra took the club to its first Liga 1 title, cementing the club's elite status in Indonesian football. After a decent start in defending its title in the 2020 season, Bali United faced another mid-competition stop after the league was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020.

Colours and badge
Since its 2015 launch, Bali United have always played in red when at home and white for most away matches, with a black third kit. The colours are based on the Balinese Hinduism sacred tri-color, Tridatu, which then led to its nickname Serdadu Tridatu (Tridatu Warriors).

The club's crest shows the word Bali United on top, with the abbreviation of the club's name (BU) and the black-and-white background that is identical to the checkered poleng cloth, which in Bali symbolizes Rwa Bhineda or the two opposites that balance the universe. The strong usage of such symbolisms partly explains why Bali United has die-hard fans in the predominantly Hindu island of Bali despite its young age.

Kit manufacturers and sponsors
Since the club's foundation, Bali United's kit was self-manufactured. The reason was that by collaborating with an apparel company, the price of the team jersey would soar out of reach from the Balinese masses that support the club. From a business standpoint, it was feared that it could disrupt merchandise sales as no other club in Indonesia had better success in selling authentic jerseys than professional managed Bali United. But after five years, in 2021, their kit will be provided by Mills. Their kit is always filled with multiple sponsors, which make their kit dubbed as a racing jersey. Multistrada Arah Sarana products (Corsa and Achilles tires), Indofood, and YCAB Foundation are the sponsors that always appear on the jersey to this day. Indofood product Indomie was once the sole jersey sponsor of Bali United in the AFC competition in 2018.

Stadiums

Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium in Gianyar, is on a 20-year lease from government of Gianyar Regency. It has been Bali United's home base since the club was formed. Before moving to the stadium, Bali United spent in excess of IDR 5 billion to renovate it to meet the standard of Indonesia Super League. They added a new lighting system, upgraded the dressing rooms, repainted some parts of the stadium, repaired the toilets and upgraded other facilities. The inaugural match for Bali United at their new stadium was a 0–1 defeat over Persib in a friendly match on 3 March 2015. Bali United has continued to upgrade the facility, including adding a store, cafe, and playland around the stadium. They also did some renovations for the Asian competition in 2018 to meet the standard of the AFC.

Supporters and media
A typical Bali United supporter is called Semeton Dewata; Semeton meaning brother and Dewata meaning Bali's nickname, Island of Gods. Lady Dewata is the name for their female supporters. Semeton Dewata ultras usually fill the east stand of Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium. There are other, more exclusive supporter groups. Northsideboys 12 fill the north stand while Basudewa Curva Sud fill the south stand.

Bali United has three mascots representing the north, east, and south tribunes of Kapten I Wayan Dipta Stadium. Jalbo, stands for Jalak Boys and resembles a Jalak Bali bird (Bali myna), is the mascot of the Northsideboys 12. The east tribune is represented by Cebol (Celuluk Bola) that takes shape of a Celuluk, a mythological creature in Bali folklore. Cebol is a mascot of Semeton Dewata. Basudewa Curva Sud in 2019 introduced a mascot to represent the south tribune called Wabol, which stands for Waraha Bola. Wabol takes shape of Varaha, a Dashavatara of the Hindu god Vishnu.

The song "Rasa Bangga", or "Pride" in English, composed and recorded by Bali band The Resistance, is the club's anthem and has been sung by all the fans, players, and staff of Bali United after any home or away game since the 2017 season.

Bali United has an online-streaming-based TV channel that airs in YouTube called Bali Utd TV, which started broadcasting on 19 October 2016. It features news updates, player and staff interviews, match highlights (of the first team and the youth squad), and other themed programs.

On 20 May 2017, Bali United officially launched the team's mobile app to connect with the fans. Bali United CEO Yabes Tanuri said the launch of the application is based on the awareness of the importance of technology for marketing development and interaction of a club with its supporters. By using the mobile apps, the supporters can easily access all sorts of team information.

Bali United also owns their own radio station, Bali United FM. With a tagline your sportainment station, they broadcast Bali United games and also latest information about Bali United that airs on 106,9 FM in Bali. Bali United FM is operating in the third floor of Bali United's office.

Players

Current squad

Other players under contract

Out on loan

Youth teams

Players to have featured in a first-team matchday squad for Bali United.

Women's team

Bali United also operate a women's football team. They have been affiliated to the men's team since 2019 and were one of the 10 inaugural teams of the Liga 1 Putri.

Club officials

Corporate hierarchy

Coaching staff

Head coach's history
Caretaker coaches are listed in italics.

Honours

Domestic

League
 Liga 1
 Winners (2): 2019, 2021–22
 Runners-up (1): 2017

Friendly
 Trofeo Bali Celebest
 Winners (1): 2016
 Trofeo Persija
 Runners-up (1): 2016
 Bali Island Cup (including Trofeo format)
 Winners (1): 2017
 Indonesia President's Cup
 Runners-up (1): 2018

Statistics

Season by season record

Notes:

 PR = Preliminary round
 PR1 = Preliminary round 1
 PR2 = Preliminary round 2
 PO = Play-off round
 GS = Group stage

 1R = First round
 2R = Second round
 R32 = Round of 32
 R16 = Round of 16

 QF = Quarter-finals
 SF = Semi-finals
 ZSF = Zonal semi-finals
 ZF = Zonal final

 ISF = Inter-zone play-off semi-finals
 IF = Inter-zone play-off final
 R/U = Runners-up
 W = Winners

AFC club competitions record

Notes: Bali United score are listed first.

Other departments

eSports
In February 2019, Bali United opened an eSports department named Island of Gods (IOG), becoming the first professional football club in Indonesia to do so. They have five divisions so far, such as: Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, PUBG Mobile, Free Fire, FIFA, and Pro Evolution Soccer. In Free Fire Asia Invitational (FFAI) 2019 tournament, they managed to become champions after getting the highest points with 2,345 points.

Basketball

in December 2020, Bali United  introduced a basketball team called the Bali United Basketball in a virtual press conference taglined Bali Bernyali. Bali United Basketball is the first ever IBL team that is from Bali, they joined the league in 2021.

References

External links

Bali United
Bali United
Bali United
Bali United
Bali United
Bali United
Bali United


Giuseppe Perentin (21 February 1906 – 4 March 1981) was an Italian freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Perentin was born in Izola, Austria-Hungary. In 1928 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 1500 metre freestyle event. He was also a member of the Italian relay team which was eliminated in the first round of the 4×200 metre freestyle relay competition.

Four years later he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 400 metre freestyle event as well as in the first round of the 1500 metre freestyle competition.

External links

1906 births
1981 deaths
Italian male swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Italy
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
People from Izola
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming


Antonio Conelli (26 September 1909 – 14 August 2003) was an Italian freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

In 1928 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 100 metre freestyle event. He was also a member of the Italian relay team which was eliminated in the first round of the 4×200 metre freestyle relay competition.

External links

External links

1909 births
2003 deaths
Italian male swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Italy
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Italian male freestyle swimmers


The Clarksburg School is a historic building located at Clarksburg, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is a rectangular frame structure with a prominent projecting porch on the main facade. It is the last remaining of four similar frame public school structures built shortly after the turn of the 20th century in Montgomery County and was in continuous service from 1909 to 1972.

The Clarksburg School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

External links
, including undated photo, at Maryland Historical Trust website

School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Montgomery County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland


King George Street may refer to:
 King George Street (Jerusalem)
 King George Street (Tel Aviv)
 King George Street (song)


Darrell Preston Jackson (born April 3, 1956) is a former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched all or parts of five seasons in the majors, from  until , all with the Minnesota Twins.

Career
Jackson was drafted by the Twins out of high school in 1973, but he did not sign with them. Instead, he played college baseball at Arizona State University, where he played in the College World Series in each of his last three seasons there.

In , he was drafted by the Twins in the 9th round of the amateur draft. He made his professional debut in 1978 for the Orlando Twins of the Southern League, and in his very first start he threw nine innings of no-hit ball against the Jacksonville Suns. Unfortunately, the game was tied after nine innings, and Jackson was relieved by fellow future Twin Jeff Holly. Orlando won the game, 1–0, in 12 innings.

After just 10 starts in the minors, Jackson was called up to the Twins in June. In 19 games, Jackson went 4–6 with a 4.48 ERA. He did record one shutout in 1978, on July 7 against the Oakland Athletics.

Jackson split  between the Twins and their Triple-A farm club, the Toledo Mud Hens. In the majors, he pitched in 24 games (including 8 starts), going 4–4 with a 4.28 ERA.  was Jackson's first (and, as it turned out, only) full season in the majors. He set career bests in wins (9), ERA (3.87), and strikeouts (90). On June 21, 1980, Jackson recorded his one and only save at the MLB level. He retired the last batter of the game to preserve a 3-2 victory over the Twins.

Jackson spent most of  on the sidelines with a shoulder injury, appearing in just 14 games in the majors and 2 at Triple-A. In , the bottom fell out of Jackson's performance, as he went 0–5 and his ERA jumped to a career-worst 6.25. Things were no better in the minors, as he went 1–3 with an even worse ERA of 7.00 in 4 starts. On July 26, the Twins released Jackson, and he never again pitched in organized baseball.

Jackson currently runs the 1020 Club, Inc. A nonprofit organization that helps at-risk youth.

References
http://1020clubinc.org

External links

Baseball Gauge
Retrosheet
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League

1956 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Arizona State Sun Devils baseball players
Baseball players from Los Angeles
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Minnesota Twins players
Orlando Twins players
Rieleros de Aguascalientes players
Toledo Mud Hens players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople


Por Aquelas Que Foram Bem Amadas (also Pra Não Dizer Que Não Falei de Rock) is the seventh solo album by Brazilian singer/guitarist Zé Ramalho. It was released in 1984.

In the cover of the album, Ramalho appears without his characteristic beard, lying on the arms of Marelise, daughter of Brazilian film director Zé do Caixão, who had also directed the cover art of Por Aquelas Que Foram Bem Amadas. A boa named Rita also guest appears in the cover. She had worked in films such as Luz del Fuego.

Track listing

References

1984 albums
Zé Ramalho albums
Epic Records albums


Emilio Polli (10 April 1901 – 30 January 1983) was an Italian swimmer. He was in the Olympic swimming team at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics, and in the national team at the first two European Championships, at Budapest in 1926 and at Bologna in 1927. He competed in 100 m freestyle and 4 × 200 m freestyle events.

References

1906 births
1983 deaths
Olympic swimmers for Italy
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Swimmers from Milan
Italian male freestyle swimmers
20th-century Italian people


Edmund George Lind (June 18, 1829 – 1909) was an English-born American architect, active in Baltimore, Atlanta, and the American south.

Biography
Lind was born in Islington, now a part of London, England; his father, Alexander Lind, was an engraver who had fought on the British side as a Loyalist at the Battle of Bunker Hill outside Charlestown, Massachusetts near Boston in 1775. When he was young, the family moved to Birmingham, England, where drawing and painting became his favorite amusements. After an attempt at studying law, he studied architecture at the London School of Design, then worked for several years in various architects' offices in London.

In 1855 Lind emigrated to New York City where he found employment as chief draftsman and assisting Norris G. Starkweather, designer of the brownstone Gothic-style, fourth structure for the First Presbyterian Church in Baltimore, which was finally completed with the tallest spire in the city in 1875, (first three structures from colonial times in downtown area at northwest corner of East Fayette and North Streets (now Guilford Avenue), sold the site after the Georgian/Federal-era twin-spired church from 1795, was razed to the Federal Government for a new U. S. Courthouse, built 1859-60); and then moved to more residential and up-scale, tomey, Victorian-era Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood, just north of central business district at West Madison Street and Park Avenue). Lind moved to Baltimore to supervise its construction, but in 1856, left Starkweather's office to partner with William T. Murdoch, with whom he was associated with  until about 1860. He married his partner's cousin, Margaret Murdoch.

In the late 1850s, Lind & Murdoch were selected to design the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, on behalf of financier George Peabody, who although born and raised in Massachusetts, spent a great deal of business time in New York City and London, had special regard for the city of Baltimore. Its original wing facing the 1815-1829 Washington Monument on the west side bordering Washington Place, which is also North Charles Street was begun in 1858, completed in 1861, and dedicated in 1866 in Peabody's presence, containing Peabody Hall (now Friedberg Concert Hall), conservatory rooms, and a picture gallery. In 1875, its east wing was begun along intersecting Mount Vernon Place (which is also East Monument Street),  and in 1878, was finished under Lind's supervision. Its most impressive feature is its large central reading room, rising to the full height of the building under a skylight, with six stories of alcoves with wrought-iron work giving room for 300,000 volumes, and a checker board floor of alternating black and white marble slabs. Other examples of Lind's Baltimore work include the Memorial Protestant Episcopal Church at Bolton Street and Lafayette Avenue in the Bolton Hill neighborhood of northwest Baltimore, a church at the southwest corner of Dolphin and Etting streets, and the monument to Capt. John Gleason, of the 5th Maryland Infantry, in Cathedral Cemetery. He is also thought to have designed the English Tudor, Gothic-style building at North Howard and West Centre Streets for the Baltimore City College, the first of two on the site in 1875. The City College (formerly Central High School of Baltimore), an all-male public high school, was founded on Courtland Street (now St. Paul Street/Place and Preston Gardens), near East Saratoga Street in 1839, is the third oldest public high school in America. It was formerly located since 1843 in the old "Assembly Rooms" (a social dancing hall and place for society ladies and gentlemen for dinners, soirees, receptions and events), originally constructed in 1797 by Robert Cary Long, Sr. and also contained space for the first paid-membership and subscription Library Company of Baltimore at the northeast corner of Holliday and East Fayette Streets, until it burned along with the famous neighboring Holliday Street Theatre in a massive fire in 1873. Lind's first building was the first structure to be erected specifically for the use of the high school in its history. It collapsed in 1892, when the Howard Street Tunnel was being dug and constructed beneath from Camden Street Station in the south to the new Mount Royal Station in the north for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad through the downtown business district. It was replaced by 1895 by a second structure for BCC, designed by the architect partnership Baldwin & Pennington, which is still there today (2013), although now renovated since 1980 for apartments and condos, known as "Chesapeake Commons".

In 1882 Lind transferred his practice to Atlanta, Georgia, where for a decade he designed mansions, factories, libraries, courthouses, hotels, Masonic lodges, commercial buildings, textile mill housing, and churches in Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Washington, D.C., and elsewhere. His finest building in these years was the Central Presbyterian Church in Atlanta (1884). He also designed the Gwinnett County Courthouse in Lawrenceville, Georgia; the Mary Willis Library in Washington, Georgia; and the Milton Candler House in Decatur, Georgia; as well as a combined market and city hall for Guayaquil, Ecuador. Following the severe economic depression of 1893, Lind retired to Baltimore where he continued to practice on a limited basis. He died in 1909.

He completed several works in North Carolina.

During his career, Lind was active in both national and professional roles. He served as assistant supervising architect for the United States during the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant. He became a member of the American Institute of Architects in 1857, and a Fellow in 1870. Lind was a founding member of the Baltimore Chapter of the AIA in 1870 and he also served as president in 1871, and also from 1876 to 1882.  He also served as vice president of the national AIA organization on two occasions. His interests extended beyond architecture. In 1894 he wrote an essay on the relationship between music and color, and transposed "Yankee Doodle", "The Star-Spangled Banner", and a number of other popular songs from music into color. He also investigated the importance of the number seven in acoustics and architecture, based on the seven colors of the rainbow and the seven sounds of the diatonic scale.

A number of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, maintained by the United States Department of the Interior.

Selected works
1858–1861: Peabody Institute Buildings, Washington Monument circle, North Charles Street (Washington Place) and East Monument Street (Mount Vernon Place); Baltimore, Maryland.
1858–1861: Coolmore, near Tarboro, North Carolina, an Italianate style villa designed for Dr. Joseph J. Powell.
1859: Waveland (addition), Virginia,  691 Carter's Run Road, Marshall, Virginia. (Lind, Edmund George), NRHP-listed
1864: Wilmington Club, (built as John Merrick House) 1103 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware. (Lind, Edmund G.), NRHP-listed
1872: Gwinnett County Courthouse, Lawrenceville, Georgia.
1875: Baltimore City College, North Howard and West Centre Streets, Baltimore, Maryland, (collapsed 1892), academic, all-male, public high school (formerly Central High School of Baltimore, founded 1839.
1875-1878: Peabody Institute Library, Johns Hopkins University
1881: Lauretum, 954 High Street, Chestertown, Maryland. (Lind, Edmund George), NRHP-listed
1884: Central Presbyterian Church, 201 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta, Georgia. (Lind, Edmund G.), NRHP-listed
1889: Mary Willis Library, East Liberty and South Jefferson Streets, Washington, Georgia. (Lind, Edmund G.), NRHP-listed

References

 Mary Ellen Hayward, Frank R. Shivers, Richard Hubbard Howland, The Architecture of Baltimore: An Illustrated History, JHU Press, 2004, page 146. .
 Richard D. Funderburke, "An Architect for the New South: The Atlanta Years of Edmund G. Lind," Georgia Historical Quarterly 81, Spring 1997.
 Baltimore Architecture entry
 Georgia Encyclopedia entry
 Atlanta, Georgia: Central Presbyterian Church
 , website for the Baltimore City College (high school)
 , website for the Baltimore City College Alumni Association
 , website for preservation organization, Baltimore Heritage
 , website for the Baltimore City Historical Society
 , website for the Maryland Historical Society
 , website for history and culture and esoterica.

19th-century American architects
Architects from London
Architects from Baltimore
1829 births
1909 deaths
British emigrants to the United States


The 2009 ASB Classic was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 24th edition of the ASB Classic, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 5 January until 10 January 2009.

The singles draw is led by WTA No. 4, Luxembourg, Dubai winner, Olympics gold medalist Elena Dementieva, Tokyo, New Haven, Stockholm titlist Caroline Wozniacki and Strasbourg champion, Fes, Portorož runner-up Anabel Medina Garrigues. Also competing are Stanford champion Aleksandra Wozniak, Prague quarter-finalist Shahar Pe'er, Nicole Vaidišová, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova and Carla Suárez Navarro.

First-seeded Elena Dementieva won the singles title.

Changes
At the 2008 tournament, the courts were changed to a blue Plexicushion surface, replacing the green Rebound Ace. This was consistent with the surface change that was also implemented at the Australian Open.

For the 2009 WTA Tour the ASB Classic was chosen as part of the new 55 tournament calendar. A new tournament director, Brenda Perry, was brought in, and there was also an increase in prize money from $145,000 to $225,000. The event underwent a change in sponsorship, with Zealandia, a New Zealand horticulture firm, becoming a supporting partner.

Entrants

Seeds
Nadia Petrova, who was set to be the number two seed, was forced to pull out when it was announced that she had contracted viral meningitis in mid-December.

Other notable entrants
The return of Marina Erakovic (a New Zealander) to this event provoked a strong interest from media in the country. In the 2008 event, Erakovic had reached the semifinals, defeating the top seed Vera Zvonareva in the process. Erakovic went on to have the most successful season of her career, despite some poorer results and injuries in the latter half of the year. Commenting on the 2009 tournament, Erakovic said, "Even though the ASB Classic is important and I want to do well in my home town, my sight is set on the Australian Open and to be 100 percent for that." Erakovic had had to rely on a wildcard to gain entry to the previous year's event, but in 2009 was a direct entrant. Another entry which drew attention from the media was that of Mirjana Lučić, who had reached the Wimbledon semifinals ranked 134 in 1999, but had been largely absent from the Tour in the preceding years for personal reasons. Lučić received a wildcard for the main draw.

Qualifying
The qualifying tournament was played from 3–4 January. Four players received wildcards:
 Di Hollands
 Aucklander Kairangi
 Michaëlla Krajicek
 Petra Martić

The four players to qualify were Ayumi Morita and Aiko Nakamura (both Japan), German player Kristina Barrois, and Italian Alberta Brianti.

Review
Day by day summaries of the women's singles and doubles events. The singles draw is composed of 32 players, with 8 of these players seeded, while the doubles draw features 16 players, 4 of which are seeded.

Day one
The singles and doubles events both started on 5 January. In the women's singles, the seeded players who featured on the first day all advanced to the second round. Third seed and WTA #22 Anabel Medina Garrigues beat Italian Mara Santangelo 7–5, 6–0. Fourth seed Aleksandra Wozniak overcame her opponent Magdaléna Rybáriková from Slovakia in three sets, winning 6–3, 6–7(4), 7–5. Shahar Pe'er, the fifth seed from Israel, sealed her passage into the next round with a straight sets triumph against Petra Cetkovská of the Czech Republic. The final seed to go through, Czech Nicole Vaidišová took three sets before triumphing 7–6(3), 4–6, 7–5 against Alla Kudryavtseva of Russia. In other matches, another Czech Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová beat France's Virginie Razzano 1–6, 6–2, 6–3 to line up a second round match with Pe'er; Romanian Edina Gallovits also found out her opponent would be Medina Garrigues after beating yet another Czech, Klára Zakopalová 3–6, 6–2, 7–5. American Jill Craybas and French Aravane Rezaï recorded victories against Kimiko Date-Krumm and Eleni Daniilidou respectively.

Several matches were played in the doubles event on the first day. The most notable result saw top seeds Jill Craybas (playing her second match of the day following her singles victory) and New Zealander Marina Erakovic knocked out by the Spanish pairing of Nuria Llagostera Vives and Arantxa Parra Santonja 6–4, 6–2. They were the only seeds to fall, with fourth seeds Chan Yung-jan (from Chinese Taipei) and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova of Russia advancing comfortably with a 6–2, 6–2 win over İpek Şenoğlu of Turkey and German Jasmin Wöhr. Chan and Pavlyuchenkova's win set up a second round match with Russians Elena Dementieva and Elena Vesnina who beat Natalie Grandin from South Africa and Latvia's Līga Dekmeijere 6–1, 6–3.

Seeded players out (singles): None
Seeded players out (doubles): Jill Craybas/Marina Erakovic

Day two
Day 2 saw the completion of the first round of matches in both the singles and doubles competitions. The remaining seeds who were not in action on the first day all won their matches and qualified for round two. During the day session, top seed and ATP no. 4 Russian Elena Dementieva had a far from straight forward match against Chan Yung-jan from Chinese, eventually coming through 7–5, 6–3. The young player from Taipei was hard-hitting but did not have enough to beat Dementieva. Second seed Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark, ranked at a career high of #12, crushed her opponent, Italian qualifier Alberta Brianti 6–1, 6–0 in 56 minutes to achieve a meeting with Jill Craybas. No.8 seed Carla Suárez Navarro from Spain beat Nathalie Dechy 6–4, 6–0. She found out her opponent for round two later in the day, with Anne Keothavong from Great Britain winning 6–4, 6–2 against Croatian wildcard Mirjana Lučić. In other day matches, Elena Vesnina routed qualifier Aiko Nakamura, 6–1, 6–0 and qualifier Ayumi Morita beat Marta Domachowska, 6–4 4–6 6–4. The unseeded Marina Erakovic of New Zealand sealed her place in the second round by beating Nuria Llagostera Vives from Spain 7–5, 6–4.
Seventh seed Russian Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova ensured that all eight of the seeds had made it to the second round by winning her match in the night session against German Kristina Barrois 6–3, 6–1.

In doubles, second seeds Shahar Pe'er and Caroline Wozniacki progressed to the quarter-finals by defeating Argentinian Betina Jozami and Indian Shikha Uberoi 6–2, 6–2 but no. 3 seeds Czech Vladimíra Uhlířová and Ekaterina Dzehalevich of Belarus were beaten 6–4, 6–4 by Italian Mara Santangelo and French player Nathalie Dechy, a three-times Grand Slam doubles titlist. In other matches, Sarah Borwell from Great Britain and her partner Martina Müller qualified for the quarter-finals, overcoming the disappointment of a 6–0 first set to take the next two 7–5, 10-7 on champions tiebreak against Aiko Nakamura (Japan) and Marta Domachowska (Poland). Edina Gallovits and Eva Hrdinová defeated Australian wildcards Shona Lee and Kairangi Vano 6–3, 6–4. Finally, in an all American tie, Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears lost to Julie Ditty and Carly Gullickson 6–1, 6–3 to complete the quarter-final lineup.

Seeded players out (singles): None
Seeded players out (doubles): Vladimíra Uhlířová/Ekaterina Dzehalevich

Day three
After the first round passing without losing any seeds, five were knocked out on day three, all in straight sets, leaving just three seeds qualifying for the quarter-finals. 3rd seed Anabel Medina Garrigues lost to Edina Gallovits 6–3, 6–3. No. 6 seed Nicole Vaidišová was beaten 6–4, 6–3 by Elena Vesnina. Aleksandra Wozniak, the 4th seed, was knocked out by Ayumi Morita 7–5, 6–2, no. 7 Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova failed to progress as she lost 6–2, 6–3 to Aravane Rezaï while Carla Suárez Navarro succumbed to Briton Anne Keothavong who continued her good start to life in the top 60 with a 6–2, 6–4 win. As for the seeds that progressed, top seed Elena Dementieva beat New Zealand's Marina Erakovic 6–2, 6–3; No. 2 seed Caroline Wozniacki narrowly saw off veteran Jill Craybas 6–4, 7–5. 5th seed Shahar Pe'er had to try hard to concentrate on her tennis because an Auckland-based protest group staged protests at her decision not to pull out of the tournament with a war taking place in Gaza. Nevertheless, she became the third seed to progress, beating Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová in a topsy-turvy match 6–3, 4–6, 6–2.

Seeded players out (singles): Anabel Medina Garrigues, Aleksandra Wozniak, Nicole Vaidišová, Anastasia Palyuchenkova, Carla Suárez Navarro
Seeded players out (doubles): Shahar Pe'er/Caroline Wozniacki

Day four

Seeded players out (singles): Caroline Wozniacki, Shahar Pe'er
Seeded players out (doubles): Chan Yung-jan/Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova

Day five
Day five saw both semi-finals take place in the singles draw. The only seeded player left in the draw, top seeded Russian Elena Dementieva and the world no. 4 as of the start of the tournament was involved in the first match. She faced French player and last year's beaten finalist Aravane Rezaï. Dementieva won the match 6–2, 6–2 in less than an hour.

Later in the day, unseeded Russian Elena Vesnina took on British number 1 and world no. 60 Anne Keothavong, playing in only her second WTA Tour semi-final and whose ranking should improve after her progress during the tournament. Keothavong matched Vesnina for much of the first set, falling behind 5–3 with a single break of serve. But she did not give up and she broke back and then held her service game to level the first set. The set eventually went to a tiebreak, which the British player took 7-3. The second set was a completely different story, Vesnina dropping just one game to win it 6–1. This set up a final-set decider which went with serve until the seventh game when Keothavong felt she had been given a wrong linecall and ended up being broken. She fought back to 5–5 but was broken again in the eleventh. Keothavong managed to save two match points but then, after saving two break points of her own, Vesnina hit an ace to seal victory and complete a match lasting almost two hours.

The second semi-final of the doubles competition was a match between American pair Julie Ditty and Carly Gullickson, and France's Nathalie Dechy partnering Italian Mara Santangelo. Santangelo and Dechy, bidding for their second title as a partnership following Rome Masters victory in 2007 advanced to the final 6–2, 6–4. Their final opponents being Spaniards Nuria Llagostera Vives and Arantxa Parra Santonja.

Seeded players out (singles): None
Seeded players out (doubles): None

Day six
Seeded players out (singles):
Seeded players out (doubles):

Finals

Singles

 Elena Dementieva defeated  Elena Vesnina, 6–4, 6–1
It was Dementieva's first title of the year and 12th of her career.

Doubles

 Nathalie Dechy /  Mara Santangelo defeated  Nuria Llagostera Vives /  Arantxa Parra Santonja, 4–6, 7–63, 12–10

See also
 2009 Heineken Open – men's tournament

References

External links
 Official website
 WTA tournament draws

ASB Classic
ASB
WTA Auckland Open
ASB
2009 in New Zealand tennis


London Progressive Journal (LPJ) is a UK-based weekly online magazine covering domestic and international current affairs from a politically left perspective. The magazine features regular contributions from a number of journalists as well as reports from independent campaign groups.

History
Since its inception in January 2008, the magazine has featured interviews with prominent activists, writers, journalists and politicians, including John McDonnell, John Pilger, Howard Zinn, Mordechai Vanunu, Antonio Navarro Wolff, Ilan Pappe and Malalai Joya. It has been especially prolific on Latin American issues and has published articles by George Monbiot, Peter Tatchell, Emmeline Ravilious, Ramzy Baroud, Dr Tomasz Pierscionek, Felix McHugh, Patrizia Bertini, John Wight, W. Stephen Gilbert and James Suggett, among others. Its reporting has increasingly been cited in academic writing.

The magazine is not linked with any political party.

From 2008 to 2011 Nathaniel Mehr was the editor of LPJ. Since June 2011 Tomasz Pierscionek and Emmeline Ravilious have been editing the magazine.

References

External links
Official website

Magazines established in 2008
Online magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London


Silver Spring station (listed as the Silver Spring Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station on the National Register of Historic Places) is a former train station on the Metropolitan Subdivision in Silver Spring in Montgomery County, Maryland. It was built in 1945 by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on the foundation of a previous station, a Victorian-style brick structure built in 1878. It served intercity trains until 1986 and commuter rail until 2000. Today, it is owned and operated as a museum by Montgomery Preservation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

History
The station was designed in the Colonial Revival style and built from standardized plans developed for B&O stations in the mid-1940s.

In the Baltimore & Ohio era, the station was the first stop out of Washington on westbound long-distance trains. The roster in 1956 included:
Ambassador (Baltimore–Detroit)
Capitol Limited (Jersey City–Chicago)
Cleveland Night Express (Baltimore–Cleveland)
Columbian (Washington–Chicago)
Diplomat (Jersey City–St. Louis)
Metropolitan Special (Jersey City–St. Louis)
National Limited (Jersey City–St. Louis)
Shenandoah (Jersey City–Chicago)
Washington-Chicago Express (Washington–Chicago)

Amtrak's Blue Ridge to Cumberland served the station from 1973 until it was discontinued in 1986.

MARC Brunswick Line service at the station ended in 2000, and trains now stop at nearby Silver Spring station where transfer to the Washington Metro is available.

The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 and restored in 2002. It retains its original 1940s waiting-room furniture and recessed fluorescent lighting fixtures. Exhibits on the history of Silver Spring and the B&O Station are provided by the Silver Spring Historical Society and Montgomery Preservation.

The eastbound waiting room, a small rectangular building of similar design, stood on the south side of the tracks. Built along with the station in 1945, it was rebuilt in 1976 to make way for tracks laid for the Washington Metro. An underground pedestrian tunnel connected the two buildings beneath the track bed. In 2008, the building was demolished to make way for other development.

References

External links

, including photo in 2004, at Maryland Historical Trust website
Silver Spring Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station - Information from the Town of Silver Spring

Downtown Silver Spring, Maryland
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1878
Railway stations closed in 2000
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1945
Railway stations in Montgomery County, Maryland
Former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad stations
Colonial Revival architecture in Maryland
Former Amtrak stations in Maryland
1878 establishments in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland
2000 disestablishments in Maryland
Railway stations in the United States closed in the 2000s


Chewing gum is a type of confection traditionally made of chicle or synthetic rubber.

Chewing gum may also refer to:

Books, film and TV
 Chewing Gum (TV series), a British comedy series
 Chewing Gum (novel), a 2014 novel by Mansour Bushnaf
 Chewingum, a 1984 teen comedy film

Music
Chewing Gum (folk duo) (ja) winners of Yamaha Popular Song Contest Grand Prix 1972
 Chewing Gum (EP), a 1997 EP from Polar Bear
 "Chewing Gum" (song), a 2004 song by Annie
 "Chewing Gum", a 2015 song by Nina Nesbitt
 "Chewing Gum", a 2016 song by Poppy
 "Chewing Gum", a Korean song by NCT Dream

See also
 Gum (disambiguation)
 Bubble gum
 Gums
 Inspector Chingum, an Indian children's animated TV series


Volkan Ş. Ediger (born 1953, Ereğli-Konya) is a Turkish scientist, writer and bureaucrat. After graduating from the Middle East Technical University, he earned his PhD from the Pennsylvania State University in 1986. His training is in geology, geochemistry, and palynology.

After working as an oil and coal geologist in industry for some years his interest was switched into several energy issues, including energy resources, economics,  policy, security and geopolitics.

Ediger's professional career has been shaped by research, teaching and consultancy simultaneously carried out at industry, university and government. Assigned as the first Energy Adviser to the President of Turkish Republic in 1998 and has worked for a total of twelve years with three Turkish presidents.

He was awarded the Sedat Simavi Social Sciences Award in 2006 for his book Neft and Petroleum in the Ottoman Empire. He was the first recipient of the Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists’ Cevat Eyüp Taşman Award in 2007. He was listed in Top 10 Most Influential Voices in the Power Generation Today by POWER-GEN Europe in 2013.

He is the founder and president of the Energy and Climate Change Foundation (ENIVA) and founding executive committee of the Sustainable Production and Consumption Association (SUT-D), the first NGOs to be working in energy sustainability and climate change in Turkey. He served as the General Chair of ICE 2014, which was held by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) in 2014 in Istanbul and 5th Multinational Energy and Value Conference, which was held in İstanbul in 2015.

He moderated the forum for “The Big Energy Question: Powering Our Urban Future” as part of “The Great Energy Challenge”, a National Geographic Society Initiative organized in partnership with Shell in 2014 in Istanbul after Washington, D.C., and in London.

Academic career
Ediger completed his undergraduate (1976) and M.Sc. (1980) studies at Geological Engineering Department of the Middle East Technical University (METU), Turkey and PhD study at the Department of Geosciences of the Pennsylvania State University (PSU),  USA in 1986. He was appointed associate professor in 1992, and full professor in 2010.

Ediger began his academic studies as teaching assistant in METU in 1976-77, and continued in PSU as research and teaching assistants and laboratory coordinator between 1982 and 1985. He has taught undergraduate and graduate courses on energy-related subjects.

Ediger became Professor of Energy Economics at Izmir University of Economics in 2010. He served there as Founding Director of Research and Graduate Policies (ALP) and Founding Chairman of Sustainable Energy Master Programme in addition to several other committees and boards. He has been working as Professor of Energy Systems Engineering and also as the head of the department at Kadir Has University (KHAS)  since 2011. He was Founding Coordinator of Strategy Development and Research Office (STRAR) and Founding Director of Center for Energy and Sustainable Development (CESD).

R&D works in industry
Ediger his career in industry at the Research Center of Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) in 1977 and served there as chief, manager, deputy head, and project adviser over the years. His career at TPAO mostly included implementation and management of a number of national and international petroleum research projects until 1998 when he became advisor to the president of Turkey. During his  career, with the help of United Nations Development Programme Fellowship, he gained great experience on R&D project management during his visits to oil companies and universities in the US.

From 1977–1998, his findings were reported in 22 company reports (TPAO Report Nos. 190, 195, 276, 279, 287, 345, 427, 1065, 1185, 1255, 1264, 1265, 1269, 1565, 1755, 1757, 1949, 1964, 2097, 2118, 2191, 2312),

Conference committees and commissions
Ediger served and has still been serving as member, executive member, and representative at professional societies as follows:
 69th Geological Congress of Turkey, April 2016, Ankara, General Chair.
 Global Summit on Petroliferous Basins: Basin Evaluation, Research, Modeling and Development, 7–9 December 2016, Philadelphia, U.S., Organizing Committee Board.
 International Conference on Energy Security and Geopolitics in the Eastern Mediterranean, 15–17 October 2015, Kalkanlı, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Co-General Chair.
 Sustainable Business Awards, Jury (2015)
 IPETGAS-International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, 27–29 May 2015, Ankara, Program Committee
 5th Multinational Energy and Value Conference, İstanbul, 7–10 May 2015, General Co-Chair.
 II. Nuclear Power Plants Summit, Istanbul, 19–20 March 2015, Scientific Committee
 II İstanbul Carbon Summit, 2–3 April 2015, Scientific Committee Co-Chair, Organizing Committee.
 İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality 2015-2019 Strategic Plan, 12–13 June 2014, Expert
 Gaziantep Municipality, Energy Efficiency in Industry Awards 2014, Jury Member
 I. Nuclear Power Plants Summit, Istanbul, 30–31 May 2014, Scientific Committee
 38th IAEE (International Association for Energy Economics) International Conference,
 Antalya, 6–8 April 2015, Publications Committee Chair (2013–2014), International Program Committee.
 AAPG (American Association of Petroleum Geologists) ICE–International Conference Exhibition, İstanbul, 14–17 September 2014, General Chair.
 I. İstanbul Carbon Summit, 3–5 April 2014, Scientific Committee Co-Chair, Organizing Committee.
 Fifth Green Business 2013, Advisory Board.
 AAPG Geosciences Technology Workshop on Hydrocarbon Trapping Mechanisms in the Middle East, İstanbul, 10–12 December 2012, Technical Programme Committee
 Green Business 2012, Advisory Board.
 Sezin Schools, Fourth Futurist Scenario Contest, Jury.
 İstanbul Stock Market (İMKB) Sustainability Index Project (ISESI), Advisory Board (since 2010)
 Second EIF International Energy Congress, Ankara, 21–22 October 2010, President.
 Sixth Kadir Has Awards on Renewable Energy Potential and Availability in Turkey, Jury Member (2010)
 International Carbon Markets Arena, Istanbul, 13–14 August 2009, Chairman.
 INGAS 2009–Third International Natural Gas Symposium, Honors and Advisor Committee.
 Thirty-First IAEE International Conference 2008, (The First Zero-Emission Conference Organized in Turkey), Executive Committee
 The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Public R&D Projects Evaluation Panelist (2008)
 General Staff of Turkey, Strategic Research and Study Center (SAREM), External Energy Specialist (2007–2012)
 Istanbul Technical University Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Department
 Industrial Advisory Board (2006)
 Istanbul University Scientific Project Evaluation, Adviser (2003)
 Second International Symposium on the Petroleum Geology and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Black Sea Area, Scientific Committee (1996)
 Eleventh Petroleum Congress of Turkey, Scientific Committee (1996)
 Sixth International Symposium on Fossil Algae and Carbonate Platforms Scientific Committee (1995)
 Symposium of Geology of Thrace Basin, President of the Scientific Committee Vice President of the Organization Committee (1995)
 Turkish Prime Ministry State Planning Organization’s Seventh Five-Year Development Plan, Energy Commission (1991–1995)
 IESCA-International Earth Sciences Congress of Aegean Region, Scientific Committee (1990)
 Eighth Petroleum Congress of Turkey, Scientific Committee (1990)
 Fifth Petroleum Congress of Turkey, Technical Program Committee Secretary (1980)
 TMMOB Chambers of Geological Engineers, Petroleum Commission (1982)

Professional societies
 Business-to-Business (B2B) Matchmaking Society, Founding Executive Board (since 2014)
 Cercle d’Orient, (2014–)
 SUT-D-Sustainable Production and Consumption Association, Founding Executive Board (since 2013)
 AAPG-American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Member (since 2013)
 Foundation on Energy and Climate Change (ENIVA), Founding President (since 2010)
 Turkish Council of Foreign Relations, Member (since 2009)
 Center for Middle East Strategic Studies (ORSAM), Advisory Board (2008–2013)
 IAEE Turkish Association for Energy Economics (EED), Founding Member (2005–) Executive Board (2005–2010; 2012–2015), Auditing Board (2010–2012)
 Fossil Ankara Group, Member (since 2001)
 METU Alumni Association, Member (since 2000)
 World Energy Council Turkish National Committee, Member (since 1997)
 Ozan Sungurlu Science, Education and Aid Fund, Member (since 1992), Science and Education Committee President (1994–1998)
 TPAO Personnel Fund, Member (1987–), Executive Board (1992–1993)
 Regional Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy, Member (1989–1998)
 Ankara Turkish-American Association, Member (since 1987)
 Int. Federation of Palynological Societies Representative of Turkey (1979–1990)
 Turkish Committee for Palynology, President (1979–1980, 1991–1992)
 American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists-AASP, Member (1989–1998), Middle East Regional Representative (1989–1992)
 Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists-TAPG, Member (since 1978)
 Chamber of Geological Engineers of Turkey, Member (since 1976), METU Representative (1976)
 Geological Society of Turkey, Member (1973–1987), Executive Board (1980)

Publications in SCI-SSCI Indexed Journals

Books and chapters in book
 2014, History of TKI and Coal, and Coal Strategies of Turkey, Turkish Coal Enterprises Project Report, Turkish Coal Enterprises Publications, Ankara, 497 p., December 2014. ISBN No: 978-605-5310-63-9.
 2013, ed., Climate Change and Sustainable Energy in Turkey, ENIVA Publications, 146 p., ISBN No: 978-605-64066-0-7.
 2013, “Effects of Climate Change in Turkey: Scientific Evidences”, in: Ediger, V.Ş., ed., Climate Change and Sustainable Energy in Turkey, ENIVA Publications, p. 61-80. ISBN No: 978-605-64066-0-7.
 2011, "Energy Transition Periods: Lessons Learnt from the Past", in: The Oil Era: Emerging Challenges, Abu Dhabi, ECSSR (The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research) Publications, p. 175-202.
 2011, New World Order in Energy and Turkey, Akademi Forumu No. 67, Ankara, TÜBA-Turkish Academy of Sciences, 62 p.
 2009, “Towards the Maturation Period of Turkish Think Tanks”, in: Hasan Kanbolat and Hasan Ali Karasar, eds., Strategic Thinking Culture and Strategic Research Centers: Turkish Think Tanks from the Beginning, Ankara, Nobel Publications, p. 197-207.
 2008, "National Energy Report of Turkey: Energy Situation, Challenges, and Policies for Sustainable Development", in: AASA Beijing Workshop on Sustainable Energy Development in Asia, 2008, Beijing, China, InterAcademy Council, p. 77-93.
 2007, "Energy Supply Security and Its Relationship with National Security", in: Energy Supply Security, Ankara, SAREM Publications, p. 1–47.
 2005, Neft and Oil in the Ottoman Empire, Ankara, METU Press, 472 p., Second Edition in February 2006 and Third Edition in 2007. Turkish Journalists Association, Sedat Simavi Social Sciences Award 2006.

Personal life
He and his wife, Elçin Öztürk, have one daughter.

References

1953 births
Living people
People from Ereğli, Konya
Turkish non-fiction writers
Turkish people of Circassian descent
Academic staff of the İzmir University of Economics
Turkish geologists
Academic staff of Middle East Technical University


Constantine "Con" Slobodchikoff (born April 23, 1944) is an animal behaviorist and conservation biologist. He is a professor at Northern Arizona University where he studies referential communication, using Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) as a model species. Much of his recent research has shown a complex communicative ability of the Gunnison prairie dog alarm calls. In early 2008 he formed the Animal language Institute  to create a place where people can find and share research in animal communication, including language.

Background
He was born in Shanghai, China, to Russian émigré parents.  His father was a surgeon and when he came across a highly placed citizen who needed help, his father and the highly placed citizen made a deal, he would heal him in exchange for visas for his whole family to go to America. The family arrived in the United States December 5, 1955, and settled in San Francisco. Slobodchikoff's early love of biology was fostered by his membership in his teenage years in the Student Section of the California Academy of Sciences, where he went on numerous field trips to different habitats in California. He received an A.A. degree from City College of San Francisco in 1964, and a B.S. in 1966 and Ph.D. degree in 1971, both from the University of California, Berkeley. After receiving his Ph.D., Slobodchikoff joined the biology faculty of Northern Arizona University, where he was a tenured professor with a research budget of $1,000 per year. He also was a Fulbright Fellow and a visiting professor at Kenyatta University in Kenya in 1983.

His wife, Anne Eustis Slobodchikoff, taught French and Russian at Northern Arizona University, and they both retired in 2010. They have a son Michael, chair of the Political Science Department at Troy University. His older sister, Irene V. Barrese, was an estate lawyer in San Francisco.

Research

Beetles
His initial research involved the behavior and ecology of tenebrionid beetles and their response to vertebrate predators.

Prairie dogs
In the mid-1980s he switched his research efforts to studying the social behavior and communication of prairie dogs. He has been decoding the communication system of alarm calls, and he and his students have found that prairie dogs have a sophisticated communication system that can identify the species of predator and provides descriptive information about the size, shape, and color of the individual predator animal. His research in prairie dog communication has also shown displacement, the ability to communicate about things that are not present. This finding challenges prior theories on animal communication, since only humans had been known to use this linguistic process. In addition, his work with prairie dogs shows they also have different escape behaviors in response to the specific predators identified in the calls of other prairie dogs, even when the predator itself is not visible or scented (i.e. based purely on recorded calls). His research with prairie dogs also helps to explain why animals have social behavior. Because these animals form a colony, they form a set of different social groups, which apparently exist for other reasons besides mating and may be a way to take advantage of limited resources.

Through Slobodchikoff's research, it has been found that prairie dogs also have the ability to construct new words referring to novel objects or animals in their environment, which is called productivity. Prior to the study, only humans had been recognized with the ability of productivity within a communication system. Slobodchikoff and his research team are currently taking a look at breaking down the grammar of prairie dogs through computer technology to better understand the nature of their vocalizations in comparison to the phoneme system used by humans. Through this approach, they have been able to find how these vocalizations are put together to construct word-like structures and further constructed to form sentences.

Slobodchikoff has supported preserving the habitats of prairie dogs. One specific area that has evidence of the destruction of their environment is New Mexico. An organization, Prairie Dog Pals, has dedicated themselves to prevent the suburban expansion that threatens the dog's lifestyles. Prairie Dogs are seen as bothersome creatures to government employees. They are viewed as a threat to home owners and the general public by digging burrows into parks and playgrounds. As a capstone species, their extinction will be the cause of the extinction of other creatures. Drastic measures such as poisoning, bulldozing and drowning their habitats have been implemented by housing and shopping center expansion. This has caused a major push in Slobodchikoff research, because of his drive to inform society of how intelligent these remarkable creatures are, and how they can really can contribute to further research.

Slobodchikoff has examined the language, communication, and social behavior of prairie dogs for more than forty years. He selected prairie dogs as the main focus of his research because he believes they have a high degree of social behavior and are easy to study due to their close proximity. The prairie dogs live near the university where Slobodchikoff teaches, Northern Arizona University.

Dogs
He also researches dogs' communication and writes a Dog Behavior Blog which gives some advice on how to solve behavior issues and has several short essays about some of the research about dogs and dog behavior. He has taken what he has learned from the findings of his research with prairie dogs to offer consultations about problems that pets may have with behavior and offer advice to correct those problems. He has also offered dog training classes based on what he has learned in his research.

Published Writings
Slobodchikoff has published numerous papers in animal behavior, ecology, and evolution. One of his better known papers on evolution, published with Thomas G. Whitham in 1981 in the journal Oecologia, was "Evolution of individuals, plant-herbivore interactions, and mosaics of genetic variability: the adaptive significance of somatic mutations in plants". A seminal paper on prairie dog communication was published in 1991 in the journal Animal Behaviour: "Semantic information distinguishing individual predators in the alarm calls of Gunnison's prairie dogs". He has been editor or co-editor of several books, including Concepts of Species, A New Ecology: Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems, and The Ecology of Social Behavior. He is lead author, along with Bianca S. Perla and Jennifer L. Verdolin, of the book: Prairie Dogs: Communication and Community in an Animal Society, published by Harvard University Press.
His book Learning the Language of Animals – Chasing Doctor Dolittle was published by St. Martin's Press in November 2012.

Media
Slobodchikoff's work with the prairie dog communication system has been featured in a number of video productions, magazines, radio interviews, and newspaper accounts. His video appearances included: NBC Dateline, ABC World News with Peter Jennings, CNN, Country Canada, Quantum (Australian Broadcasting Corporation), Teirzeit (Belgian-German TV), BBC, Turner Broadcasting, Brixen Productions (Discovery Channel), Evolve (History Channel). Radio interviews have been with: NPR All Things Considered, BBC radio, PBS Flagstaff, Phoenix, Santa Fe, Idaho, and Colorado. Magazine stories about his work have appeared in: Smithsonian Magazine, National Geographic, People Magazine, Discover Magazine, the Phoenician, Best Friends Magazine, Boys' Life, Reader's Digest. Newspaper stories about his work have appeared in: LA Times, Boston Globe, Denver Post, Arizona Republic, Arizona Daily Sun, Arizona Daily Star, Washington Post, NY Times, among others.

References

External links
 Northern Arizona University home page http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cns3/
 Animal Language Institute http://www.animallanguageinstitute.org/
 Reconnect with Nature Blog http://www.reconnectwithnatureblog.com/

Northern Arizona University faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
American people of Russian descent
Living people
Chinese emigrants to the United States
20th-century American zoologists
American mammalogists
American science writers
American male non-fiction writers
Ethologists
Scientists from California
1944 births


is a Japanese manga artist. His best-known works include Moldiver and Hyper Doll. He recently began a new series, Taishō Baseball Girls, based on the light novels by Atsushi Kagurazaka.

Itoh's works are characterized by fight teams, idol stars, military action, and science fiction laced with inside jokes based on otaku culture. He also tends to include a lot of explosions, handgun fights, and gritty action scenes.

Works
Apple Cinderella (1987, 1 volume), Shogakukan
Ayame ni Oteage! (1987–1988), Shogakukan
Tokyo Bakuhatsu Musume (1992, 1 volume), Fujimi Shobo
Moldiver (1993–1994, 3 volumes), Tokuma Shoten
Rakushō! Hyper Doll (1995–1997, 5 volumes), Tokuma Shoten
Nemesis no Tsurugi (1996, 1 volume), Hakusensha
Angel Attack (1998, 2 volumes), Hakusensha
Angel Heart (1998, 1 volume), Hakusensha
Haruka Refrain (1998, 1 volume), Hakusensha
Tokyo Bakuhatsu Musume (1998, 2 volumes), Kadokawa Shoten
Shōjo Tantei (1999, 1 volume), Tokuma Shoten
Suteki na Lovely Boy (2001, 1 volume), Shonengahosha
Mazinger Anthology (2002, 1 volume), Futabasha
Angel Heart: Shinseiki Sailor-fuku Densetsu (2002, 1 volume), Noir Shuppan
Eien no Grace (2002, 1 volume), Shonengahosha
Cutie Honey aGoGo! (2005–2007, 2 volumes), Kadokawa Shoten/Tokuma Shoten, based on the works by Go Nagai
Nihon Furusato Chibatsu (2006, 1 volume), Tokuma Shoten
Ko wa Kasugai Amanatto (2008, 1 volume), Tokuma Shoten
Taishō Baseball Girls (2008-current), Tokuma Shoten, based on the light novels by Atsushi Kagurazaka

Sources:

References

External links
 Official site

1960 births
Living people
Manga artists from Saitama Prefecture