The Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics (IEM) is a multidisciplinary research center within the University of Music and Performing Arts, Graz, (Austria).

Research

Research and development
Research activities are concentrated mainly in digital signal processing, audio engineering, and psycho acoustics, e.g. projects in analysis and syntheses of sound and loudness perception.

 Recording- and Reproduction technology
 Signal Processing, Sound Analysis and Synthesis
 Realtime Software
 Internet Archive of Electronic Music

Artistic Research
The IEM is very active in the field of Artistic Research.
As part of the 'Doctor Artium' program of the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, several art-based doctorates have been supervised at the IEM.
Also, since 2011 IEM staff members have won seven PEEK grands for various artistic research projects, each with a run-time of three years. The PEEK program is a highly competitive research program for artistic research in Austria, and is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).

Education
At IEM, compositions students are trained in musical acoustics, sound synthesis, algorithmic composition, and real-time systems.
The institute has established an audio engineering curriculum in collaboration with the Graz University of Technology. The most important aspects of these courses is to bring technology and artistic creativity closer together.

Composition - Computer Music

The IEM offers a 3-year bachelor and a 2-year master program in Computer Music.
The main focusses of this three-year program – the first of its kind in Austria – are:
 Computer Music Composition
 Performance and interpretation of electronic works
 Conception and development of new electronic instruments
 Music Informatics

As these areas strongly overlap in the computer music practice, the presentation of a broad range of expertise is at the forefront of studying. Furthermore, the students get a comprehensive understanding of the history, theory and aesthetics of computer music.

Some of the offered courses are taking place in collaboration with the Institute of Composition, Music Theory and Conducting (Institute 1) of the Graz University of Music and Dramatic Arts

Electrical Engineering / Sound Engineering

Bachelor/Master study in cooperation with the Graz University of Technology

Musicology

Bachelor/Master study in cooperation with the University of Graz

Art Production
IEM provides technology and know-how to composers and musicians in the creation and realization of their works.
Since 1990, IEM has collaborated with guest artists (including Olga Neuwirth, Peter Ablinger, Bernhard Lang) in the production and performance of more than 80 new compositions. In this process, many international partnerships have been established.

Since 2014 the IEM is also offering an Artist-In-Residence program, which enables the selected artist to work at the facilities of the IEM for a duration of 5 months. The selected Artists-In-Residence are:

 2014: Dugal McKinnon
 2015: Heather Frasch and Budhaditya Chattopadhyay
 2016: Reiko Yamada

Publications
The IEM publishes the series "Contributions to Electronic Music".

Open Source
The IEM is involved in several Open Source projects.
It is currently hosting the main community portal and the mailing-lists for Pure Data

Articles
Ritsch, Winfried and IOhannes Zmölnig. “IEM — Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics (Graz).” eContact! 11.3 — Logiciels audio « open source » / Open Source for Audio Application (September 2009).

External links
official IEM homepage

Information technology organisations based in Austria
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Research institutes in Austria
Experimental music
Electronic music organizations
Contemporary music organizations


Yisrael Eichler (, ; born 27 March 1955) is an Israeli politician. A member of Agudat Yisrael, he served as a member of the Knesset for the party and the United Torah Judaism alliance from 2003 until 2005, and again since 2011.

Biography
Born in Jerusalem, Eichler worked as an author and journalist. He became editor of the Haredi newspaper HaMahane HaHaredi in 1980, and in 1996 he became chairman of the Centre for Jewish Publicity.

In 2003, he was elected to the Knesset on the United Torah Judaism list, an alliance of Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah. The alliance split in January 2005 and Eichler resigned from the Knesset on 23 February that year; his seat was taken by Shmuel Halpert.

As part of a seat rotation agreement within United Torah Judaism, Eichler returned to the Knesset on 6 February 2011 as a replacement for Meir Porush. He served as parliamentary group chairman until 2013. He was re-elected in the 2013 elections, and was placed sixth on the UTJ list for the 2015 elections, retaining his seat again as the party won six seats. Following a Supreme Court ruling that public mikveh facilities must allow use by followers of Conservative and Reform Judaism in February 2016, he compared non-Orthodox Jews to the "mentally ill".

Personal
Eichler is married and has 14 children. He lives in Jerusalem.

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
Agudat Yisrael politicians
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
Israeli Ashkenazi Jews
Israeli journalists
Israeli Orthodox Jews
Jewish Israeli politicians
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)
Members of the 21st Knesset (2019)
Members of the 22nd Knesset (2019–2020)
Members of the 23rd Knesset (2020–2021)
Members of the 24th Knesset (2021–2022)
Members of the 25th Knesset (2022–)
Politicians from Jerusalem
United Torah Judaism politicians
Yiddish-speaking people


The 1972 Uber Cup was the sixth edition of the Uber Cup, the women's badminton team competition. The tournament took place in the 1971-1972 badminton season, 17 countries competed. Japan won its third title in the Uber Cup, after beating the Indonesia team 6-1 in the Final Round in Tokyo, Japan.

Teams
17 teams from 4 regions took part in the competition. As defending champion, Japan skipped the qualifications and played directly in the final round of the inter-zone ties (team matches), effectively the semifinals of the tournament.

Australasian zone

Asian zone
 (exempt from qualifying rounds)

European zone

Panamerican zone

From the qualifying rounds, four countries progressed to the inter-zone ties. From the Australasian zone, New Zealand advanced to the next round after beating Australia 4-3. From the Asian zone the Indonesia team advanced to the inter-zone ties with a w/o against Thailand. In the European zone final Denmark defeated England 5-2. From the Pan American zone, Canada beating United States with 6-1

Inter-zone playoffs

First round

Second round

Final round
Japan won the Uber Cup title for the third consecutive time, after beating Indonesia in the final for the second consecutive time. Indonesia got its point from third singles player Intan Nurtjahja who won the first match of the tie. Japan's Noriko Nakayama, née Noriko Takagi, remained undefeated in Uber Cup singles.

Final round

External links
tangkis.tripod.com

Uber Cup
Thomas & Uber Cup
Uber Cup
Uber Cup


Alfredo Welby (16 December 1910 – 14 July 1998) was an Italian professional footballer who played for AS Roma, Reggina, Cosenza and MATER.

He was the father of right-to-die activist Piergiorgio Welby. He was of Scottish origin.

1910 births
1998 deaths
Italian men's footballers
AS Roma players
LFA Reggio Calabria players
Italian people of Scottish descent
Men's association football midfielders


Shitan railway station (, formerly Shek Tan) is a railway station in Shitan, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is a station on the  Guangzhou–Shitan railway and Guangshen Railway. It is managed by the Guangshen Railway Company. It was built in 1911 and is now a level 4 station on the national railway station scale.

References

Railway stations in China opened in 1911
Railway stations in Guangzhou
Stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway


is the largest chemical company in Japan, ranked No. 9 in Forbes Global 2000 for chemical sector. Shin-Etsu has the largest global market share for polyvinyl chloride, semiconductor silicon, and photomask substrates.

The company was named one of Thomson Reuters Top 100 Global Innovators in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.

“Shin-Etsu” in the company's name derives from Shin'etsu Region, where the company established the first chemical plant as Shin-Etsu Nitrogen Fertilizer in 1926, though the company today is headquartered in Tokyo and has its manufacturing locations in 14 countries worldwide.

References

Further reading
Fingleton, Eamonn (March 2015). Is This The Most Successful Tech Giant You've Never Heard Of?   Forbes

External links
 Official Website: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
 SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG

Chemical companies based in Tokyo
Plastics companies of Japan
Silicon wafer producers
Semiconductor companies of Japan
Chemical companies established in 1926
Technology companies established in 1926
Japanese companies established in 1926
Companies listed on the Nagoya Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Japanese brands
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1926


The Wachapreague people were an Algonquian Native American people who lived in coastal Virginia centuries ago.

The town of Wachapreague, Virginia, and the Wachapreague Channel are named for them.

Captain John Smith reported contact with these Indians.

References

Native American tribes in Virginia
Algonquian ethnonyms
Algonquian peoples
Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands


Dhuseni may refer to:

Dhuseni, Gandaki, Nepal
Dhuseni, Mechi, Nepal


The Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, also known as the Ibrahim Prize, is an annual prize awarded to a former African Executive Head of State or Government on criteria of good governance, democratic election and respect of terms limits. Since its inception, the Prize has been awarded 7 times. It has often not been offered, with no leader being found worthy of the award on a given year.

Background
Established by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation in 2007, the Ibrahim Prize celebrates excellence in African leadership. It is awarded to a former Executive Head of State or Government by an independent Prize Committee composed of eminent figures, including two Nobel Laureates. Prize winners are referred to as Ibrahim Laureates.

The Ibrahim Prize
Recognises and celebrates African leaders who have developed their countries, lifted people out of poverty and paved the way for sustainable and equitable prosperity
Highlights exceptional role models for the continent
Ensures that Africa continues to benefit from the experience and expertise of exceptional leaders when they leave national office, by enabling them to continue in other public roles on the continent

Criteria
Former African head of government
Left office in the last three years
Democratically elected
Served their constitutionally mandated term
Demonstrated exceptional leadership

Award
Prize recipients are awarded US$5 million, divided into annual instalments of US$500,000 paid out over 10 years, followed by US$200,000 annually, thereafter.

With a US$5 million payment, the Ibrahim Prize, is believed to be the world's largest, exceeding the $1.5m Nobel Peace Prize. Former South African President Nelson Mandela, former United States President Bill Clinton, and former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan are among those who have welcomed the initiative.

The Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership has been awarded in 2007, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020. Former South African president Nelson Mandela was named an honorary laureate in 2007. Desmond Tutu was awarded a Special Prize for speaking truth to power in 2012.

Prize Committee
 Festus Mogae (Chair), former President of Botswana
 Aicha Bah Diallo, former Education Minister of Guinea
 Mohamed ElBaradei, Director General Emeritus, International Atomic Energy Agency
 Horst Köhler, former President of Germany
 Graça Machel, Former Education Minister of Mozambique
 Mary Robinson, former President of Ireland
Former Committee Chairs:

 Kofi Annan (2007-2011), former Secretary-General of the United Nations

 Salim Ahmed Salim (2007-2020), former Prime Minister of Tanzania and Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity
Former Committee members:

 Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (2007-2008), Director-General of the World Trade Organization and former Finance Minister of Nigeria
 Martti Ahtisaari (2007-2019), former President of Finland

Laureates

See also

 List of awards for contributions to society

References

External links

The Dictator Index by Ken Auletta
Mike Jakeman, "Rewarding the Rich", The Oxonian Review

Governance and civic leadership awards
Awards established in 2007


Franz Ludwick Fick (18 May 1813 – 31 December 1858) was a professor of anatomy at the University of Marburg.

Education
In 1835, he received his MD under Bünger from the University of Marburg.

Career
Fick studied the developmental mechanics of bone growth, especially of the skull. He invented the cerebral phantom - an openable paper model showing the various parts of the brain that became the prototype of openable figures in medical texts. Fick wrote texts on human anatomy and pathology. He studied the mechanism of vision and the function of the retina. He investigated the function and performance of the taste buds and described the anatomy of elephant's ears.

Books by Fick
 Franz Ludwig Fick, Tractatus de illegitimo vasorum cursu hominibus innato cum tabulis duabus, typis Elwerti academicis, 1854.

References
 Neue Deutsche Biographie, Duncker & Humblot: 1953-1990, Vol. 5, pp. 128–129.
 Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragenden Ärzte, Urban & Schwarzenberg: 1962, Vol. 2, p. 515.
  Archiv Rassen-Ges. Biol. 1922-3, Vol. 14, pp. 159–175.
  I. Schnack, Lebensbilder aus Kurhessen und Waldeck 1830-1930, N. G. Elwert: 1939-1958, Vol. 4, pp. 74–82.

External links
 Adolf and Ludwig Fick
 Fick archive
 Anatomy at Marburg

1813 births
1858 deaths
German anatomists


Askeaton railway station is a disused train station which served Askeaton in County Limerick, Ireland from the mid-19th until the mid-20th century. Built , the limestone station house is included in the Record of Protected Structures for County Limerick.

History

The station was opened by the Waterford and Limerick and Limerick and Foynes railways, then it was absorbed into the Great Southern and Western Railway. In 1924 the Railways Act passed by the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State moved the station to the Great Southern Railway. In 1925 another merger led to management by the Great Southern Railways. Then it was moved to the CIÉ by the Transport Act 1944 from 1 January 1945, on nationalisation.

The station was closed to passenger traffic by CIÉ on 4 February 1963 and freight on 2 December 1974. Trains on the Limerick–Foynes railway line continued to pass through Askeaton until the line effectively lost all its freight services in 2000.

Structures
The station building and platform still stand next to the mothballed railway, with some of the station structures in use as a private house since the line was closed in 2003. The station house is a protected structure.

Further reading

References

Disused railway stations in County Limerick
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in 1857
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland closed in 1963
1857 establishments in Ireland


Xintang railway station (), formerly known as Xintang North in 2018-2019, is a railway station in Xintang, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. It is a station on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway and the Guangzhou–Shanwei high-speed railway.

Xintang railway station was built in 1910 and is now a class 4 station on the national railway station scale.

See also
Xintang South railway station, a station on Guangzhou–Shenzhen intercity railway, located near Xintang railway station
Xintang station (Guangzhou Metro), a metro station on Line 13 of Guangzhou Metro, located near Xintang railway station

References

Railway stations in China opened in 1910
Railway stations in Guangzhou
Stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway


This is a list of J. League managers. Some of these managers were appointed as caretaker managers prior to being given a permanent position.

Current managers

J1

 - Albirex Niigata
 - Avispa Fukuoka
 - Cerezo Osaka
 - Gamba Osaka
  Mihailo Petrović - Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo
 - Kashima Antlers
 - Kashiwa Reysol
 - Kawasaki Frontale
 - Kyoto Sanga
 - Nagoya Grampus
 - Sagan Tosu
 - Sanfrecce Hiroshima
 - Shonan Bellmare
 - FC Tokyo
 - Urawa Red Diamonds
 - Vissel Kobe
 - Yokohama FC
 - Yokohama F. Marinos

J2

 - Blaublitz Akita
 - Fagiano Okayama
 - Fujieda MYFC
 - Iwaki FC
 - JEF United Chiba
 - Júbilo Iwata
 - Machida Zelvia
 - Mito HollyHock
 - Montedio Yamagata
 - Oita Trinita
 - Omiya Ardija
 - Renofa Yamaguchi
 - Roasso Kumamoto
 - Shimizu S-Pulse
 - Thespakusatsu Gunma
 - Tochigi SC
 - Tokushima Vortis
 - Tokyo Verdy
 - V-Varen Nagasaki
 - Vegalta Sendai
 - Ventforet Kofu
 - Zweigen Kanazawa

J3

 - Azul Claro Numazu
 - Ehime FC
 - Fukushima United
 - Gainare Tottori
 - FC Gifu
 - Giravanz Kitakyushu
 - FC Imabari
 - Iwate Grulla Morioka
 - Kagoshima United
 - Kamatamare Sanuki
 - Kataller Toyama
 - Matsumoto Yamaga
  Yuki Richard Stalph - Nagano Parceiro
 - Nara Club
 - FC Osaka
 - FC Ryukyu
 - SC Sagamihara
 - Tegevajaro Miyazaki
 - Vanraure Hachinohe
 - YSCC Yokohama

Former managers
 - Shimizu S-Pulse (2018–19)
 - Shimizu S-Pulse (1996–98), Yokohama F. Marinos (2000–01), Tokyo Verdy 1969 (2003–05)
 - Kashima Antlers (2006)
 - Verdy Kawasaki (1994–95), Nagoya Grampus Eight (2003–05)
 - Sanfrecce Hiroshima (1992–93), Vissel Kobe (1995–97, 2006)
 - Kyoto Purple Sanga (1995–96)
 - Urawa Red Diamonds (2004–06)
 - Kashima Antlers (1996–98), Nagoya Grampus Eight (1999–01), Cerezo Osaka (2001), Consadole Sapporo (2003)
 - Kashima Antlers (2000–05)
 - Consadole Sapporo (1997–98)
 - Vissel Kobe (1998)
 - FC Tokyo (2006)
 - Vissel Kobe (2004)
 - Gamba Osaka (1995)
 - Sanfrecce Hiroshima (1995–96)
 - Gamba Osaka (1991–94)
 - Yokohama Flügels (1991–94), Japan national football team (1995–97), Kyoto Purple Sanga (1999-00)
 - Urawa Red Diamonds (1997)
 - Shimizu S-Pulse (1992–94), Verdy Kawasaki (1996), Vissel Kobe (2005)
 - Nagoya Grampus Eight (1994)
 - Japan national team (1997–98), Consadole Sapporo (1999–01), Yokohama F. Marinos (2003–06), Japan national team (2007–2010)
 - Japan national team (1992–93), Júbilo Iwata (1994–96), Kyoto Purple Sanga (1998), Urawa Red Diamonds (2002–03)
 - Urawa Red Diamonds (1995–96, 2007–08)
 - JEF United Ichihara Chiba (2003–06), Japan national team (2006–07)
 - Tokyo Verdy 1969 (2006–07)
 - Vissel Kobe (2005)
 - Shimizu S-Pulse (1998–00), Kashiwa Reysol (2001–02)
 - Yokohama Flügels (1998)
 - Shimizu S-Pulse (1994)
 - Vegalta Sendai (2006)
 - Júbilo Iwata (1997)
 - Sanfrecce Hiroshima (1997–00)
 - JEF United Ichihara (2002)
 - Omiya Ardija (1998–99), Kyoto Purple Sanga (2003)
 - Omiya Ardija (2007)
 - JEF United Ichihara (2001), Nagoya Grampus Eight (2002–03), Vegalta Sendai (2003–04)
 - Nagoya Grampus Eight (2006–07)
 - Nagoya Grampus Eight (1995–96)
 - Nagoya Grampus Eight (1996–97)
 - Japan national under-23 football team (2002–04), Júbilo Iwata (2004–06)
 - JEF United Ichihara (1999–00)

References

J. League
Managers


Alaska Journal of Commerce is a print and online publication based in Anchorage, Alaska. Covering business and industry in the state of Alaska, the publication was started in 1976 and was acquired by Morris Communications in 1995. Current owner Binkley Co., owner of the Anchorage Daily News, acquired the Journal in 2018.

The Alaska Journal sponsors a "Top 40 Under 40" each year  to recognize young professionals in the state. The publication is a member of the Associated Press.

References

External links

 Chronicling America listing from the Library of Congress

1976 establishments in Alaska
Business newspapers published in the United States
Mass media in Anchorage, Alaska
Morris Communications
Newspapers published in Alaska
Newspapers established in 1976
Weekly newspapers published in the United States


Mont Faron is a mountain overlooking the city and roadstead of Toulon, France.  It is 584m high.  At its peak is a memorial dedicated to the 1944 Allied landings in Provence (Operation Dragoon), and to the liberation of Toulon.

The top can be reached either by a cable car from Toulon, or by a steep and narrow road which ascends from the west side and descends on the east side. The road is one of the most challenging stages of the annual Paris–Nice and Tour Méditerranéen bicycle races. From 1952 to 1970, there was a Mont Faron hill climb time trial race.

Near the summit there is a zoo which covers an area of 1.5 hectares.

Hill climb

References

External links

  Mont Faron - Official Site
  Photos Le Revest
  Faron Zoo
  Faron cablecar site
  Site on the memorial
  Vidéo Toulon - view from Mont Faron
  The "montée du Faron", pedestrian route on Easter Sunday.
  Photos
  Tourist site on Faron
  Fire on Mont Faron

Toulon
Landforms of Var (department)
Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur


Mario Rinaldi (born 17 March 1966) is an Italian enduro rider and a four-time World Enduro Champion. He is also a four-time winner of the International Six Days Enduro (ISDE) World Trophy with Team Italy. Rinaldi won all his world championship titles with KTM; in 1992 and 1994 in the 350 cc class, and in 1997 and 2000 in the 400 cc class. He subsequently competed for Yamaha and Husaberg until retiring from the World Enduro Championship, and concentrating on the Italian national championship.

Career summary

ISDE

References

External links
Mario Rinaldi Enduro Academy

1966 births
Enduro riders
Italian motorcycle racers
Living people


Judd Gregg Meteorology Institute (JGMI), established in 2003, is the center of meteorological and atmospheric research at Plymouth State University, which offers the only meteorology degree program in the state of New Hampshire. The institute, named for Senator Judd Gregg, provides equipment and technology to PSU students, faculty, and staff, while providing outreach throughout New Hampshire and the rest of the United States.

Resources and outreach opportunities
The institute houses the Plymouth State Weather Center, a facility which provides weather information, including observations, tutorials, satellite and radar data and more. The Weather Center's web site is accessed more than 500,000 times a week.

Research facilities for undergraduate and graduate meteorology students include a rooftop weather observation center, an electronic map wall, a weather technology lab, a GPS-radiosonde system, a portable micrometeorological measurement platform and a fully instrumental Automated Weather Observation System (AWOS). An online archive of meteorological data is used to analyze air chemistry and pollution events.

The institute conducts projects and partnerships with the National Weather Center, the University of New Hampshire, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Air Force, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Mount Washington Observatory, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory and many other agencies. The institute has a 10-year agreement with the New Hampshire Department of Transportation to deploy over 50 weather observation stations throughout the state to measure road surface and subsurface temperature and ozone concentrations.

In outreach to the community, the institute conducts workshops for teachers of grades K-12 and leads field trips for students.

External links
Judd Gregg Meteorology Institute

Plymouth State University


Xiayuan (下元站) is a railway station in Xiayuan, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is a station on the Guangshen Railway and managed by the Guangshen Railway Company. It was built in 1975 and is a class 3 station on the national railway station scale.

References

Railway stations in China opened in 1975
Railway stations in Guangzhou
Stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway


Simpani may refer to:

Simpani, Gandaki, Nepal
Simpani, Sagarmatha, Nepal


Tandrang may refer to:

Tandrang, Gorkha, Nepal
Tandrang, Lamjung, Nepal


Gila Finkelstein (, born 22 September 1950) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party between 2003 and 2006.

Biography
Born in Tel Aviv, Finkelstein studied English and Israeli history at Tel Aviv University, where she gained a BA and a teaching certificate. She went on to gain an MA in educational management, and work as an English teacher and headmistress.

In 2003 she was elected to the Knesset on the National Religious Party list, and was appointed a Deputy Speaker of the Knesset. Finkelstein was also chairwoman of the subcommittee for Learning Disabilities, and a member of the Education, Culture and Sports committee, the committee on the Status of Women, and the committee on the Rights of the Child.

For the 2006 elections she was placed tenth on the joint National Union-National Religious Party list, but lost her seat when the alliance won only nine seats. She was placed 18th on the Jewish Home list for the 2013 elections, in which the party won 12 seats.

References

External links

1950 births
Politicians from Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv University alumni
Israeli Jews
Heads of schools in Israel
Women members of the Knesset
Living people
National Religious Party politicians
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Teachers of English as a second or foreign language
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
21st-century Israeli women politicians
Women school principals and headteachers


Nigel Douglas Dorward (born 4 February 1966) was a Zimbabwean cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a left-arm slow bowler who played for Mashonaland County Districts. He was born in Salisbury (now Harare).

Dorward's debut came during the Logan Cup competition of 1994/95, though, batting at number one, he was unable to make much of an imprint on the scorecard.

Dorward's second and final first-class appearance came in the following season, and while he scored 23 and 3 with the bat, he did not play another first-class game.

External links
Nigel Dorward at Cricket Archive

1966 births
Living people
Zimbabwean cricketers


Financial Guaranty Insurance Company (FGIC) is an American monoline bond insurer established in 1983. It faced significant financial difficulties in 2008 which affected its ability to write new business.
The firm was acquired in December 2003 by a consortium of investors including PMI Group, The Blackstone Group, The Cypress Group and CIVC Partners.

As of March 24, 2009, it was rated "CC" by Standard & Poor's (S&P) and "Caa3" by Moody's Investors Service. Fitch Ratings had already withdrawn its rating, while Moody's announced it would remove its rating. The ratings are negative from both Moody's and Standard & Poor's.

On November 24, 2009, it was released that the New York Insurance Department ordered FGIC to suspend payment on all claims due. On June 11, 2012, the company was placed under rehabilitation by the Department.

On April 9, 2014, the Detroit News reported that FGIC without any City of Detroit or court involvement had solicited bids for the Detroit Institute of Arts collection.  The city had previously hired Christie's to estimate the value and worked out a plan with philanthropic groups in Michigan to preserve one of the nation's best art collections.

Six months later, on October 16, lawyers for FGIC and Detroit disclosed in court that they had reached a settlement of FGIC's claims against the city. Under the deal, which must still be approved by the court along with other issues in the Detroit bankruptcy, the city and the state of Michigan would pay for the demolition of Joe Louis Arena, currently home to the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL. The arena site is planned to be available for transfer in 2017 when the Red Wings move into Little Caesars Arena. FGIC would then receive the arena site and an adjacent parking lot, giving the company nearly 9 acres (3.6 ha) that it would then redevelop.

References

External links

Insurance companies of the United States
Private equity portfolio companies
American companies established in 1983
Financial services companies established in 1983
2010s in Detroit
1983 establishments in the United States
Companies established in 1983
Financial services companies of the United States


The Monterrey Open is a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. The event is affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and is part of the 250 series on the WTA Tour. From 2009 to 2013, the tournament was held in the Sierra Madre Tennis Club and since 2014 the tournament is currently held at the Club Sonoma.

Finals

Singles

Doubles

See also
 WTA 250 tournaments
 Monterrey Challenger

References

External links
Official website

WTA 250 tournaments
Hard court tennis tournaments
Tennis tournaments in Mexico
Sport in Monterrey
Recurring sporting events established in 2009


Tarku may refer to:
Tarku, India
Tarku, Nepal
Tarku, another name for Tarki in Russian Daghestan


Stadionul Milcovul, also known as Stadionul Milcovul Sud, is a multi-use stadium in Focşani, Romania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CSM Focșani. The stadium's name comes from Milcov River and holds 8,500 people.

References

External links
Stadionul Milcovul (Sud). soccerway.com

Football venues in Romania
Focșani
Buildings and structures in Vrancea County


Tianhe East railway station (Tianhedong railway station), formerly known as Jishan railway station, is a railway station in Jishan, Dongpu, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is a station on the Guangshen Railway and managed by the Guangshen Railway Company. It was built in 1916 and is a class 3 station on the national railway station scale.

References

Railway stations in China opened in 1916
Railway stations in Guangzhou
Stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway


Parc Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Caracal, Olt county, Romania. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and is the home ground of FC Caracal. The stadium holds 12,000 people.

Gallery

External links
 Stadionul Parc at Soccerway

Football venues in Romania
Caracal, Romania


Beach sepak takraw at the 2008 Asian Beach Games were held from 18 October to 25 October 2008 in Bali, Indonesia.

Medalists

Medal table

Results

Men's regu

Preliminaries

Group A

Group B

Knockout round

Men's team regu

Preliminaries

Group A

Group B

Knockout round

Women's regu

Preliminaries

Group X

Group Y

Knockout round

Women's team regu

Preliminaries

Group X

Group Y

Knockout round

References
 Official website

2008 Asian Beach Games events
2008


Panderichthyidae is a family of prehistoric lobe-finned fishes which lived during the Late Devonian period.

References

Elpistostegalians
Late Devonian fish
Devonian bony fish
Prehistoric lobe-finned fish families
Late Devonian first appearances
Late Devonian animals
Late Devonian extinctions


The men's individual skating event was held as part of the figure skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics. It was the third appearance of the event, which had previously been held at the Summer Olympics in 1908 and 1920. The competition was held on Tuesday, 29 January and on Wednesday, 30 January 1924. Eleven figure skaters from nine nations competed.

Results
Gillis Grafström successfully defended his 1920 title.

Referee:
  Alexander von Szabo de Bucs

Judges:
  Francis Pigueron
  Louis Magnus
  Hynek Kott
  J.G. Künzli
  Herbert Yglesias
  Josef Fellner
  Ernst Herz

References

External links
 Official Official Olympic Report
 sports-reference

Figure skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics
1924 in figure skating
Men's events at the 1924 Winter Olympics


Stadionul Michael Klein is a multi-use stadium in Hunedoara, Romania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CS Hunedoara. The stadium holds 16,500 people. Opened in 1960 the stadium was the home ground of Corvinul Hunedoara for 44 years, until the dissolution of "The Ravens".

The stadium originally known as Corvinul was renamed in the 1990s after Michael Klein, the Romanian international footballer who died on the pitch in 1993, while playing for Bayer Uerdingen.

It is the 16th stadium in the country by capacity.

References

External links
Stadionul Michael Klein. soccerway.com

Football venues in Romania
Buildings and structures in Hunedoara County
Hunedoara


The Treaty of Stettin ( or Fördraget i Stettin) or Alliance of Stettin () was the legal framework for the occupation of the Duchy of Pomerania by the Swedish Empire during the Thirty Years' War. Concluded on 25 August (O.S.) or 4 September 1630 (N.S.), it was predated to 10 July (O.S.) or 20 July 1630 (N.S.), the date of the Swedish Landing. Sweden assumed military control, and used the Pomeranian bridgehead for campaigns into Central and Southern Germany. After the death of the last Pomeranian duke in 1637, forces of the Holy Roman Empire invaded Pomerania to enforce Brandenburg's claims on succession, but they were defeated by Sweden in the ensuing battles. Some of the Pomeranian nobility had changed sides and supported Brandenburg. By the end of the war, the treaty was superseded by the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the subsequent Treaty of Stettin (1653), when Pomerania was partitioned into a western, Swedish part (Western Pomerania, thenceforth Swedish Pomerania), and an eastern, Brandenburgian part (Farther Pomerania, thenceforth the Brandenburg-Prussian Province of Pomerania).

Background

Following the Capitulation of Franzburg in 1627, the Duchy of Pomerania was occupied by forces of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, under command of Albrecht von Wallenstein. The Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War began with the active military support of Stralsund, a Pomeranian Hanseatic port which since the Battle of Stralsund successfully resisted imperial occupation with Danish and Swedish support. Sweden and Stralsund concluded an alliance scheduled for twenty years. The Danish campaigns in Pomerania and other parts of the Holy Roman Empire ended with the Battle of Wolgast in 1628 and the subsequent Treaty of Lübeck in 1629. Except for Stralsund, all of Northern Germany was occupied by forces of the emperor and the Catholic League. In 1629, the emperor initiated the Re-Catholization of these Protestant territories by issuing the Edict of Restitution.

The Truce of Altmark ended the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629) in September 1629, releasing the military capacities needed for an invasion of the Holy Roman Empire. Plans of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden for such an intervention were approved of by a Riksdag commission already in the winter of 1627/28, approval by the Riksråd followed in January 1629.

On 26 June (O.S.) or 6 July (N.S.) 1630, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden with a fleet of 27 ships arrived at the island of Usedom and made landfall near Peenemünde with 13,000 troops (10,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry on thirteen transport ships). The core of the invasion force consisted of trained peasants, recruited to the Swedish army following Gustavus Adolphus' military reforms of 1623. The western flank of the Swedish invasion force was cleared from Stralsund, which served as the basis for Swedish forces clearing Rügen and the adjacent mainland from 29 March until June 1630. The officially stated Swedish motives were:
Exclusion of Sweden from the Treaty of Lübeck (1629),
Imperial support for Poland in the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629),
Liberation of German Protestantism,
Restitution of German liberty.
The Swedish landing force faced Albrecht von Wallenstein's imperial occupation forces in Pomerania, commanded by Torquato Conti. Large parts of the imperial army were pinned down in Italy and unable to react. Wallenstein, who two years before had expelled the Danish landing forces at the same place was about to be dismissed. On 9 July, Swedish forces took Stettin (now Szczecin), but throughout 1630 were content with establishing themselves in the Oder estuary.

The treaty and amendments

The first draft of a Swedish-Pomeranian alliance, which the Pomeranian ducal councillors had worked out since 20 July 1630 (N.S.), was rejected by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. A second draft was returned to the council together with a list of modifications Sweden insisted on. On 22 August (N.S.), actual Swedish-Pomeranian negotiations started, which Gustavus Adolphus on 1 September (N.S.) joined in person. The final negotiations lasted from 2–4 September (N.S.).

The actual agreement was made on 25 August (O.S.) or 4 September (N.S.), but pre-dated to 10 July (O.S.) or 20 July 1630 (N.S.). The alliance was to be "eternal". The treaty also included the alliance with Stralsund of 1628, which was concluded when the town resisted the Capitulation of Franzburg and was thus besieged by Albrecht von Wallenstein's army.

Subsequent treaties were the "Pomeranian Defense Constitution" of 30 August 1630 (O.S.), and the "Quartering Order" of 1631. The Swedish king and the high-ranking officers were given absolute control over the duchy's military affairs, while the political and ecclesial power remained with the dukes, nobles, and towns. The duchy's foreign affairs were to be within the responsibility of the Swedish crown. The amending treaties were necessary because the Pomeranian nobility had insisted on having the shift in military control of the duchy to Sweden separate from the Swedish-Pomeranian alliance.

The Pomeranian contributions detailed in the treaties amounted to an annual 100,000 Talers. Furthermore, Pomerania was obliged to supply four Swedish garrisons.

The alliance

Implementation in Pomerania

When Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania had concluded the alliance, he immediately wrote a letter to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, reading "This union is not directed against the majesty of the Emperor or the Empire, but is rather designed to maintain the constitution of the Empire in its ancient state of liberty and tranquillity, and to protect the religious and secular settlements against the ravagers and disturbers of the public peace, and thereby not only to leave intact the relationship which binds us, Bogislaw XIV [...] to His Imperial Roman Majesty [...] but also to preserve our lawful duty and obligations to the same." Bogislaw XIV further blamed the "barbarities and cruelties of the Imperial soldiers" for leaving him no choice. Yet, Ferdinand II did not forgive Bogislaw XIV, and instead the imperial occupation forces in Pomerania were instructed to act even more harshly. As a consequence, raids were conducted frequently, buildings and villages were burned, and the population was tormented. The imperial atrocities became one argument for the Pomeranian population to support Sweden. Another argument was that in contrast to Pomerania, there was no serfdom in Sweden, and thus the Pomeranian peasants held a very positive view of the Swedish soldiers, who were in fact peasants in arms.

With the aforementioned treaties, Sweden included the Pomeranian duchy in her military contributions' system, enabling her to triple the size of her forces there within a short period. In 1630, Carl Banér was appointed Swedish legate in Stettin, succeeded in 1631 by Steno or Sten Svantesson Bielke, who in 1630 was the Swedish commander in Stralsund.

From the Oder estuary bridgehead, the Swedish forces subsequently cleared the Duchy of Pomerania of imperial forces in 1631. The Pomeranian towns of Gartz (Oder) and Greifenhagen (now Gryfino), both south of Stettin, were attacked on 4 and 5 January 1631. The imperial occupation forces had established a defense in both towns since 4 and 7 June 1630. With these taken, Sweden was able to advance further south into Brandenburg, and west into Western Pomerania and Mecklenburg. The last imperial stronghold in Pomerania was Greifswald, which was besieged by Sweden since 12 June 1631. When imperial commander Perusi was shot during a ride, the imperial garrison surrendered on 16 June. Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden even returned from Brandenburg to supervise the siege, and upon his arrival received the university's homage for the liberation.

Support for Sweden among the peasants did not fade even when they were mobilized and recruited for military construction works. A different situation emerged in the towns, where burghers were often in conflict with the garrison. While the Swedish king issued several decrees ruling and restricting the interaction of soldiers and burghers, this did not prevent "turmoils against the undisciplined soldatesca" already in 1632. The larger towns often refused to fulfill the demands of the Swedish military.

Bridgehead for the Swedish intervention in the Holy Roman Empire

When Gustavus Adolphus landed in Pomerania, the German Protestant nobility met his intervention with distrust. In April 1631, at a convention in Leipzig, they decided to set up a third front on their own, and except for Magdeburg, who had allied with Sweden already on 1 August 1630, did not side with Sweden. In Swedish strategy, Magdeburg was to be the spark inflaming a "universal rebellion in Germany" – yet initially this strategy failed.

In early 1631, Swedish forces advanced into Brandenburgian territory. On 23 January 1631, Sweden concluded an alliance with France in Brandenburgian Bärwalde (now Mieszkowice) near Greiffenhagen. Brandenburgian Frankfurt (Oder) and Landsberg (Warthe) (now Gorzow) were taken on 15 and 23 April, respectively. Subsequently, Brandenburg was forced into treaties with Sweden on 14 May, 20 June and 10 September 1631. While these obliged George William, Elector of Brandenburg to hand over control of the Brandenburgian military to Sweden, he refused to enter an alliance.

Sweden was not able to support Magdeburg, and in the summer of 1631, the town was taken and looted by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly's forces. When a fire destroyed what was left of the town, and 20,000 inhabitants were burned, the Protestants' scepsis turned into support for the Swedish king. When Tilly attacked the Electorate of Saxony, the Saxon electors joined their forces with the Swedish army, and the combined forces decisively defeated Tilly in the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). This defeat of the combined imperial and Catholic League forces allowed Sweden to pursue deep into Central and Southern Germany.

After Gustavus Adolphus' death

Gustavus Adolphus was killed in the Battle of Lützen on 6 November 1632. George William, Elector of Brandenburg, joined the obsequies in Stettin on 31 May, and proposed joining the Alliance of Stettin if he would in turn participate in the Pomeranian succession. Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania, the last living member of the House of Pomerania, had suffered a stroke already in April 1631. Sweden neither approved nor rejected the Brandenburgian offer. On 19 November 1634, a "regiment constitution" reformed the administration of the duchy of Pomerania. The two governments in Wolgast and Stettin resulting from the partition of 1569 had already been merged on 18 March. The new constitution reformed this government to consist of a proconsul, a president, and seven members.

After Sweden had to acknowledge her first serious defeat in the Battle of Nördlingen (1634), Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and several Protestant states concluded the Peace of Prague in May 1635. Calvinist Brandenburg was reluctant to sign, since besides the announced annulment of the Edict of Restitution, toleration of Calvinism was not mentioned. To get Brandenburg to sign up, Sweden and Ferdinand promised her the succession in the Duchy of Pomerania in return.

Another consequence of the lost Battle of Nördlingen was that large parts of the Swedish army, including thousands of injured, retreated to Pomerania, followed by imperial forces who entered the duchy in 1636. The riksråd considered to abandon all of Pomerania except for Stralsund. Both the atrocities committed by the Swedish soldiers and the contributions paid by Pomerania for the military peaked during the following years. Short of supplies, the Swedish as well as the imperial mercenaries forced their means of subsistence from the local population. In 1637, a capitulation was issued that mentions "irruption" and "insolentia" by the military, and ruled out more drastic consequences for irregular behaviour of the soldiers.

On 24 February 1637, the Pomeranian councillors decided that the Pomeranian constitution of 1634 should remain in effect in case of the duke's death, which was approved of by Sweden and rejected by Brandenburg.

After Bogislaw XIV's death – Confrontation with Brandenburg

On 10 March 1637, Bogislaw XIV died without issue. Swedish legate Sten Svantesson Bielke on 11 March advised the Pomeranian council to nevertheless adhere to the Alliance of Stettin, and to reject any Brandenburgian interference. George William, Elector of Brandenburg, in turn mailed Christina of Sweden on 14 March to respect his succession in the Pomeranian duchy based on the treaties of Pyritz (1493) and Grimnitz (1529), on which the alliance did not have any impact. Similar letters addressed Bielke, and Swedish field-marshal Carl Gustaf Wrangel. The same day, a courier arrived in Stettin with the elector's seizure patent, who at once was incarcerated by Bielke and threatened with death by hanging. The next day, the Brandenburgian elector admonished the Pomeranian nobility to behave as his subjects.

On 19 March 1637, a delegation of Pomeranian nobles pledged that the elector suspend his claims until a Swedish-Brandenburgian agreement was reached. The elector rejected, and Bielke on 24 March rejected any negotiations with Brandenburg. While Bielke clarified on 3 April, that he does not per se challenge the Brandenburgian claim, but rather Brandenburg's disregard of Swedish claims, Wrangel on 12 April definitely rejected any Brandenburgian claim and advised the Pomeranian nobility to remain loyal to Sweden. George William reacted on 28 April, repeating his claims of 14 March and threatening with imperial intervention. Ferdinand II issued a patent confirming the Brandenburgian succession, and George William issued another patent on 22 May. The Pomeranians assembled a Landtag between 7 and 29 June, where Bielke and the nobility agreed on resisting the pending Brandenburgian take-over.

In August 1637, an imperial army commanded by Matthias Gallas moved toward the Pomeranian frontier with Mecklenburg, and Swedish forces were concentrated on the Pomeranian side. While Gallas withdrew in late October, imperial forces commanded by von Bredow crossed into Western Pomerania on 24/25 October taking Tribsees, Loitz, Wolgast and Demmin. The nobles of the duchy's southern districts changed allegiance and rendered homage to the elector of Brandenburg on 25 November, and several nobles from the eastern districts Stolp and Schlawe met with the elector's ambassador in Danzig and obtained permission to resettle to East Prussia on 1 January 1638. The same month, emperor Ferdinand II gave the duchy of Pomerania to Brandenburg as a fief, which was accepted by the nobility on 26 January. The Pomeranian government resigned in March.

On 3 April 1638, the Swedish riksråd debates the Pomeranian issue, and decides to take over the duchy. On 2 May, Axel Lillje and Johann Lilljehök were appointed Swedish governors of Pomerania, occupied primarily with military tasks, and several other functionaries were appointed to administrate the duchy. Johan Nicodemi Lilleström was appointed to draft a schedule for the final integration of Pomerania into the Swedish Empire.

On 28 July 1638, Swedish field marshal Johan Banér from Farther Pomerania attacked the imperial forces in Western Pomerania. The ensuing warfare devastated the duchy. By the end of the year, Banér was appointed general governor of the whole duchy. Though Brandenburg prepared a military re-capture throughout 1639–1641, she made no actual progress. Neither did attempts of Sweden and the Pomeranian nobility to re-establish a civilian government succeed. On 14 July 1641, Sweden and Brandenburg agreed on a truce. Yet negotiations in February 1642 and April 1643 did not result in a settlement.

Between 1 and 7 September 1643, imperial forces commanded by von Krockow invaded the Duchy of Pomerania and took western Farther Pomerania. Swedish forces commanded by Hans Christoff von Königsmarck attacked Krockow on 1 October, the battles lasted until 12 November when Krockow retreated pursued by Königsmarck's forces.

Aftermath

When peace talks started in Osnabrück to end the Thirty Years' War, a Pomeranian delegation was present in early 1644 and from October 1645 to August 1647. Stralsund had sent her own delegates, and the rest of the duchy was represented by von Eickstedt and Runge, accredited by both Sweden and Brandenburg. On 3 August, George William of Brandenburg's delegation started to negotiate a partition of the duchy with Sweden. While the Pomeranian nobility in October rejected a partition and urged Brandenburg to look for alternatives, the partition was made definite on 28 January 1647 in Osnabrück, signed as Peace of Westphalia on 24 October 1648: Western Pomerania was to remain with Sweden, while Farther Pomerania was to become a fief of Brandenburg. Swedish field-marshal Carl Gustaf Wrangel was appointed general governor of Pomerania in 1648. After the peace treaty, Sweden demobilized her forces in Pomerania, keeping between 2,000 and 4,000 troops.

Swedish-Brandenburgian negotiations about the definite frontier started in early 1650, resulting in another Treaty of Stettin which defined the exact border on 4 May 1653. Bogislaw XIV was finally buried in Stettin on 25 May 1654.

See also
Pomerania during the Early Modern Age
Capitulation of Franzburg
Swedish Pomerania
Treaty of Stettin (1570)
Treaty of Stettin (1653)
Treaty of Stettin (1715)

Notes

Sources

References

Bibliography

History of Pomerania
History of Szczecin
Thirty Years' War treaties
1630 treaties
Treaties of the Swedish Empire
Treaties of the Duchy of Pomerania
1630 in Sweden
Swedish Pomerania


Nogebus is a Spain-based coachbuilder. The company builds bus and coach bodies on various possible chassis. Their products are sold throughout all of Western Europe.

The company, originally named Noge, collapsed in January 2013. However, later that year it was acquired by another Catalan company, Sartruck, and resumed its activities.

Noge was, after Indcar, Ayats and Beulas, the fourth coachbuilding company to be founded in Girona, Catalonia. It was established in 1964 by a former Ayats worker, Miquel Genabat Puig (whose son presides the company today) and by Josep Noguera, who dissociated himself from the company in 1978. Noge began its activities building city buses but soon expanded to intercity and luxury coaches as well. In its heyday, the company had over 250 employees and produced an average of 600 vehicles a year. The workforce had been reduced to 93 by the time the factory temporarily closed in early 2013. 22 of these workers were rehired by the new company Nogebus. By the time activities restarted in July 2013, the company had 32 employees, and an objective of building 60–70 coaches per year, initially only for Spanish operators and later for other European markets.

On November 17, 2022, Nogebus filed for insolvency proceedings.

Products
 Cittour - city bus
 Aertour - airport shuttle bus
 Touring - coach
 Titanium - luxury coach

References

External links
Official Nogebus website (in English)

Bus manufacturers of Spain
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1964
Companies based in Catalonia
Spanish brands
Girona


These are the results of the men's C-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 1996 Summer Olympics. The C-1 (canoe single) event is raced by one-man canoes through a whitewater course. The venue for the 1996 Olympic competition was on the Toccoa/Ocoee River near the Georgia-Tennessee state line.

Medalists

Results
The 30 competitors each took two runs through the whitewater slalom course on July 27. The best time of the two runs counted for the event.

References

1996 Summer Olympics official report Volume 3. p. 163.
1996 men's C-1 results
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Men's Canadian Slalom Singles". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 486.

Men's Slalom C-1
Men's events at the 1996 Summer Olympics


Lamina dura is compact bone that lies adjacent to the periodontal ligament, in the tooth socket. The lamina dura surrounds the tooth socket and provides the attachment surface with which the Sharpey's fibers of the periodontal ligament perforate. On an x-ray a lamina dura will appear as a radiopaque line surrounding the tooth root. An intact lamina dura is seen as a sign of healthy periodontium. Lamina dura, along with the periodontal ligament, plays an important role in bone remodeling and thus in orthodontic tooth movement.

Under the lamina dura is the less bright cancellous bone. Trabeculae are the tiny spicules of bone crisscrossing the cancellous bone that make it look spongy.  These trabeculae separate the cancellous bone into tiny compartments which contain the blood producing marrow.

See also
Alveolar bone

Bones of the head and neck
Parts of tooth


Amir Qureshi (born November 4, 1980) is a Pakistani footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Club career
He played all his career for KRL FC, and was awarded PPL Goalkeeper of the Year in the 2007-08 season.

International career
Amir was called to the national squad earning his first international cap during the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup qualifiers against Chinese Taipei.

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Pakistani men's footballers
Pakistan men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers


Heartland is a novel by Daren Shiau and is the first and best-known of his five books. Heartland deals with the paradox of rootedness and rootlessness of Singaporeans born after the Japanese Occupation. The book received the Singapore Literature Prize Commendation Award in 1998, together with Alfian Sa'at's Corridor. Heartland was named by Singapore's English daily The Straits Times in December 1999, along with J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace, as one of the 10 Best Books of the Year. In 2007, an academic edition of Heartland was adopted into a textbook for Singapore secondary schools offering English literature in their GCE O-Level curriculum.

In 2015, Heartland was selected by The Business Times as one of the Top 10 English Singapore books from 1965 to 2015, alongside titles by Arthur Yap, Goh Poh Seng, Philip Jeyaretnam , and Amanda Lee Koe. In the same year, MediaCorp commissioned the adaptation of Heartland into a telemovie directed by K Rajagopal. Heartland, the telemovie, was broadcast in August 2015.

Critical reception
Heartland has been hailed as “the definitive Singapore novel”, by author Johann S Lee and by travel guide "Lonely Planet: Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei.”

Playwright Alfian Sa’at, in his review of Shiau’s second book, following Heartland, noted: “One really has to admire Daren Shiau as a writer. Peninsular has its precedent in Shiau’s novel, Heartland, which gives its intentions solid credibility.”

Commenting on Heartland in his essay on Shiau’s work, Emeritus Professor Edwin Thumboo wrote: “A personal vision. A personal response. That is what Shiau has developed to a remarkable extent. In his interview with Philip Cheah, Shiau said apropos of Heartland, his first book, that he wanted to write about ‘an individual trying to find his sense of place in space (geography) and time (history), and that the Sang Nila Utama myth/history is important in the novel’s structure because ‘its ambiguity (even to the extent of whether he really encountered a lion) questions our reliance on history as fact and reinforces the theme of lost (and false) paternity”.

Dr. Angelia Poon, notes on Heartland, in her essay ‘Common Ground, Multiple Claims: Representing and Constructing Singapore’s Heartland’: “Daren Shiau’s Heartland (1999) is one of the first Singapore novels in English to render the experience of living in Heartlands a central theme and to link it crucially to an investigation of identity and place. Kelvin Tong and Jasmine Ng’s feature film Eating Air (1999)... an independent film for the international film circuit, is also a significant contribution to the depiction of the heartland in Singapore… Both texts seek implicitly to claim the heartland space and the figure of the Heartlander as authentically Singaporean, disclosing to differing extents and levels of self-consciousness, the cultural, social, and political fissures in Singapore society, as well as the limits of imagining alternatives”.

Background
The narrative of Heartland traces three years in the life of Wing Seng, an ambivalent Chinese teenager who experiences a sense of ennui reminiscent of that of Meursault, the protagonist in Albert Camus’ The Stranger. “Wing, who has just been conscripted, is unable to reconcile his future but unwilling to dwell in the past. He finds his own meaning in an intense attachment to his surrounding landscape. Yet, as relationships and the years slip by him, Wing is irresistibly forced to question his own certainties and the wisdom of the people he values”, Heartland’s synopsis explains.

Influenced by the style of Czech writer Milan Kundera, the novel juxtaposes “meticulously researched” precolonial, colonial, and modern narratives, starting with Alexander the Great, believed to be Sang Nila Utama’s ancestor. Scholar Makoto Kawaguchi, in his thesis on Heartland written at King’s College London, notes that “the novel weaves episodes from Singapore’s precolonial and colonial past into its main text, drawing on sources such as the Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals) to provide a counter-narrative to balance Singapore’s technocratic obsession with economic progress.

During the contemporary settings of Heartland's narrative, as Kawaguchi remarks, Wing Seng “attends an elite junior college after his secondary school education at a neighborhood school but fails to do well enough to make it to university. He contemplates a polytechnic education after his national service, a move that has implications for his future mobility and class position in a Singapore concerned with grades and the kinds of schools one attends. The novel’s climax lies in Wing’s discovery that the man he had always thought of as Fifth Uncle might actually be his father, a realization that complicates the idea of origin and birth as determinants of individual identity”.

Kawaguchi observes, in his thesis, “Mapped onto this economic division is a spatial distinction… In one of Heartland’s most lyrical passages, this spatial distinction is invoked in order to show that spaces of the heartland are equally as important to the nation as the skyscrapers that comprise the financial district. Following an argument between his Fifth Uncle and his mother over the sale of the family flat, a confused Wing takes the lift to the top floor of one of the high-rise flats of his estate. The view he takes in was ‘was nothing spectacular like the cityscape, just mundane places he was familiar with. Yet it was beautiful. In the tiny identical rooms, he knew people were eating, making love, watching TV. People who were, that afternoon, joyous and celebrating, sad and mourning, full of dreams, washed out with despair. Silent as a painting, the estate spoke in its own voice’”. It is precisely familiarity, Kawaguchi argues, “that lies at the heart of what makes the ‘mundane places’ of the estate ‘beautiful’, exemplifying Yi-Fu Tan’s well-known assertion that ‘what begins as undifferentiated space becomes place as we get to know it better and endow it with value’”.

Parallels to James Joyce’s Ulysses
The novel Heartland bears several parallels to James Joyce’s novel Ulysses, with at least fifteen counterparts and analogues. Kawaguchi notes, in his thesis: “Heartland'''s second epigraph is a quote attributed to an exiled James Joyce, who was said to have declared that ‘when I die, Dublin will be engraved on my heart.' The use of the heart as a metaphor for ‘home’ in Heartland'' is apparent from the novel's title.”

Footnotes

1999 novels
Singaporean novels
Novels set in Singapore


The River Greet is a small river in Nottinghamshire, England. Rising close to the village of Kirklington, the Greet flows in a southeasterly direction past Southwell and Rolleston to meet the River Trent at Fiskerton.

Hydrology
The river has a catchment of  and an average flow of 6.08 million gallons (27.65 Megalitres) per day, measured at the gauging station in Southwell. The catchment receives  of rainfall in an average year. Above Southwell, the underlying geology is mainly Sherwood and Mercia sandstone, with some  Mercia mudstone along the southern edge of the catchment. Below Southwell, the geology is predominantly Mercia mudstone. There is a layer of clay, sand and gravel alluvium overlaying this in the river channel.
The river is greatly affected by rainfall, raising levels and muddying the water.

Course
The river rises as a series of springs to the west of Kirklington, close to the  contour. It is joined by Cotton Mill Dyke and Edingley Beck, and to the east of Kirklington, turns to flow in a south-easterly direction. Halam Beck joins from the south, and there is a disused mill at Maythorne Farm. It was built as a cotton mill in 1795 by a hop merchant, to supply yarn to the framework knitting industry. The firm of Messrs. Bean and Johnson altered it in the early nineteenth century, after which silk and lace thread was produced. A small community was established around the mill, with cottages for some of the workers, of whom there were 70 in 1838, a general store, a public house and a mission hall. Willow for making baskets was grown in osier beds, and hops were also cultivated. The building was used as a billet for soldiers during the Second World War, by which time its industrial function had ceased. It has subsequently been converted into flats, with some of the outbuildings used as industrial workshops. There are two mill buildings, the north mill and the south mill, both of which are grade II listed structures. Below the mill the Robin Hood Way, a long distance footpath, follows the banks of the river, which forms the northern boundary of Southwell. There is a wildfowl centre on the north bank, and Caudwell flour Mill is on the south bank. It was built over the site of Burgage mill, a medieval building, and was bought by Charles Caudwell in 1851. He increased the capacity of the mill, which was subsequently damaged by fires in 1867, 1893 and 1917. Each time the mill was rebuilt, the equipment was upgraded. The Caudwell family were millers for four generations, after which Associated British Foods bought the mill. It closed in 1977, and was turned into flats in 1989.

After leaving the mill, the river crosses under the A612 road and flows through open countryside, to reach Upton Mill. It passes to the north of Southwell Racecourse, and then turns to the south, where Rolleston Mill is built over its course. This is a late eighteenth-century brick structure, with a basement, two storeys and a garret, which still contains some of the milling equipment. It is a grade II listed structure. The river continues under the Nottingham to Lincoln Line close to Rolleston railway station, to reach Fiskerton Mill, built on the site of a medieval mill owned by the monks of Thurgaton Priory. Just beyond the mill, it passes under a minor road and into the River Trent.

History
There was some sort of dispute in 1598, when the millers from Fiskerton, Rolleston and Upton went to Newark to collect corn for milling. They were detained, with their horses taken to the castle, and the corn was taken to "her majesty's mills", where it was ground and tolls were paid. Eventually the millers were set free. On another occasion, Rolleston's miller was detained by Edward Earl of Rutland, but was released when he promised not to collect any more corn from Newark. There seems to have been less of an issue when the inhabitants of Newark took their corn to the mills voluntarily.

The Willoughby family, who lived at Wollaton Hall ran a fleet of barges in the 1580s, and delivered coal to Southwell, which Caffyn has taken to mean that the river was navigable for the first  to enable this to happen.
Those who lived beside the river had a responsibility to keep it scoured, and on 13 July 1642 the residents of Rolleston, Southwell and Upton were indicted for not carrying out this duty.

Ecology
The upper reaches of the river contain fish such as brown trout (Salmo trutta), but although coarse fish species can be found lower down, the modifications made to the channel to assist its land-drainage function have resulted in the habitat suffering, with a result that fish numbers are low. The Environment Agency, who manage the river, have applied a "Hands-Off Flow" limit to the river, which specifies that if the flow drops below 2650 Megalitres per day (Mld) in the Trent, all abstraction of water must cease, in order to protect the environment. The volume of groundwater extracted from the catchment has fallen in recent years, with the result that water levels have risen a little.

Catches of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have also been reported on the river.

The Environment Agency measure the water quality in the river systems of England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.

The water quality of the Greet and its tributaries was as follows in 2019.

Reasons for the water quality being less than good include sewage discharge into the river, physical modification of the river channel, drainage of water from the transport infrastructure, runoff from agricultural land, and the presence of the invasive North American crayfish. Like many rivers in the UK, the chemical status changed from good to fail in 2019, due to the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) and mercury compounds, none of which had previously been included in the assessment.

Points of interest

Bibliography

References

External links

Rivers of Nottinghamshire
1Greet
Tributaries of the River Trent


Sky Cops is a British documentary series broadcast on BBC One revealing the work of the air police in the UK. The show, which was first broadcast from 2006 to 2008, follows police helicopters from the South Yorkshire Air Operations Unit and the Metropolitan Police Air Support Unit.

Pilots
 Captain Doug Hale - South Yorkshire Police
 Captain Chris Daly - Metropolitan Police

Episodes

Series overview

Series 1 (2006)

Series 2 (2008)

Series 3 (2008)

See also
 Traffic Cops - sister series broadcast on Channel 5.
 Motorway Cops - sister series broadcast on BBC One.
 Helicopter Heroes - series broadcast on BBC One following the Yorkshire Air Ambulance.
 Police Interceptors - series broadcast on Channel 5 with a similar format.
 Brit Cops - police documentary series originally on Bravo and now on Sky Livingit.
 Road Wars - programme broadcast on Sky1, Sky2, and Pick TV which is about Road Traffic Police.
 Street Wars - programme broadcast on Sky about police officers "on the beat".
 Police Camera Action! - series broadcast on ITV with a similar format.

References

External links

2000s British crime television series
2006 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
BBC television documentaries
Documentary television series about aviation
Documentary television series about policing
Police aviation units of the United Kingdom
Television shows set in London
Television shows set in South Yorkshire


Sonja Anita Maria Bernadotte, Countess of Wisborg ( Haunz; 7 May 1944 – 21 October 2008) was an estate manager and the second wife and widow of Count Lennart Bernadotte, son of Prince Wilhelm of Sweden.

Biography

She managed the Mainau estate on Lake Constance in southern Germany which her late husband purchased in 1951 from his father. The Mainau estate serves as Lake Constance's main tourist attraction, featuring elaborate floral gardens, a butterfly house, and attractive views of the lake. Bernadotte became the Count's second wife in 1972. After the death of the Count in 2004, Sonja Bernadotte became head of the foundation that organizes Nobel Laureate Meetings at Lindau, a scientific conference held yearly in Lindau, inviting Nobel prize winners interact with young researchers from all over the world.

Marriage and family
In 1969, Sonja met her future husband Count Lennart Bernadotte of Wisborg whilst she was working as his personal assistant. Lennart was thirty-five years older than Sonja, almost to the very day—their birthdays were only one day apart. Lennart was married and the father of four adult children. He divorced his wife of almost forty years, with whom his relations had been uneven for some years, in order to marry Sonja.

The wedding of Count Lennart and Countess Sonja took place on 29 April 1972. The couple had five children together:

 Countess Bettina Bernadotte of Wisborg; born 12 March 1974 in Scherzingen, Switzerland. On 29 October 2004, she married Philipp Haug and they have three children.
 Count Björn Bernadotte of Wisborg; born on 13 June 1975 in Scherzingen, Switzerland.
 Countess Catharina Bernadotte of Wisborg; born on 11 April 1977 in Scherzingen, Switzerland. On 30 January 2007, Countess Catharina married Romauld Ruffing in a civil ceremony and religiously on 7 July 2007.
 Count Christian Bernadotte of Wisborg; born on 24 May 1979 in Scherzingen, Switzerland.
 Countess Diana Bernadotte of Wisborg; born on 18 April 1982 in Scherzingen, Switzerland. On 27 September 2003, she married Bernd Grawe and they have one daughter. They divorced in 2007. On 13 January 2017, she married Stefan Dedek.

According to her husband's memoirs Sonja Bernadotte would not allow anyone to address them as a prince or princess.

Death
Sonja Bernadotte died of breast cancer in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, aged 64.

References

1944 births
2008 deaths
Sonja
Deaths from cancer in Germany
Deaths from breast cancer
Veitch Memorial Medal recipients
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg


Faceless () is a 1988 French slasher film directed by Jesús Franco. The film is about Dr. Flamand (Helmut Berger) and his assistant Nathalie (Brigitte Lahaie) who lure unsuspecting victims to use their skin to perform plastic surgery on the doctor's disfigured sister - a plot reminiscent of Franco's earlier film, The Awful Dr. Orloff (1961). Hallen (Telly Savalas) is a New York businessman who hires private detective Sam Morgan (Christopher Mitchum) to find his missing fashion model daughter Barbara (Caroline Munro). Other elements of the story include a Nazi doctor (Anton Diffring) and a chainsaw/power tool tormentor (Gerard Zalcberg) who are called in by Dr. Flamand.

Plot
A former patient of Dr. Frank Flamand, a disfigured Mrs. Francoisis, seeks revenge for a botched operation by throwing acid at him, but she misses and catches his sister, Ingrid, full in the face, resulting in severe burns.

At a photoshoot in Paris, the doctor's assistant Nathalie drugs and kidnaps Barbara Hallen and locks her in a room in the basement of Flamand's clinic. Whilst checking on other kidnapped girls, a scuffle starts with Natalie and Gordon, who lives in the basement chops off the girl's arms.

In New York City, Barbara's father, Terry Hallen, is desperately awaiting news of his daughter and hires a private detective, Sam Morgan, to go and find her. Once in Paris, Morgan visits a morgue with Brian Wallace of the Paris police to see a decapitated body, but knows it is not Barbara due to a missing mole.

Flamand and Nathalie go to see a surgeon, Dr. Orloff, about an operation to amputate Barbara's face and attach it to his sister Ingrid's face. Orloff tells them to track down Nazi doctor Karl Heinz Moser. They return to find Barbara's face has been badly cut by Gordon.

Morgan interviews Barbara's photo director Maxence and gets some information through intimidation before Maxence's bouncer, Doudo, forces Morgan to flee. Meanwhile, Flamand has kidnapped another woman, the call-girl Melissa, to use for the face transplant. Morgan updates Terry with limited information on Barbara - that she was a prostitute and that she left with a gold watch.

Moser arrives for the operation, performed while Melissa is living, but destroys Melissa's donor face due to complications. Gordon severs Melissa's head from her body using a chainsaw, killing her. Flamand and Nathalie seek a replacement. At a club, they find an actress, trick her into going to the clinic, drug her and hide her body. Morgan traces a credit card belonging to Barbara Hallen to the Paris suburb of Saint-Cloud, and to Flamand's clinic.

At the clinic, Morgan sees a watch Natalie is wearing and later sees this in pictures at his hotel as belonging to Barbara and decides to return to the clinic. A nurse at the clinic enters the basement and finds all of the girls locked up. She is caught and killed by Gordon. At this moment, Moser, Flamand, and Nathalie remove the actress's face and show it to Ingrid.

Morgan returns to the clinic and is attacked by Gordon but manages to impale him on some hooks. Morgan finds keys and locates the girls and Barbara but is locked in Barbara's cell with her by Natalie. Flamand, Moser and Nathalie then brick up the cell. Barbara and Sam find themselves trapped and gasping for air.

Sam, however, has sent Terry a message, saying that he has traced Barbara to a clinic in Paris and that he's going to it to look for her, and that if he doesn't leave a message in 12 hours, "send in the marines, Merry Christmas." Terry says to his office executive to get him on the first flight to Paris in hopes of rescuing the two.

Alternate ending
The original ending of the film involved Sam successfully rescuing Barbara, and arresting Flamand, Nathalie, Moser, and Ingrid, with Terry going to Paris to pick them up. Jess Franco wanted a slightly different touch to make it different, so while switching the ending around, this time it is mentioned that Terry Hallen is going to Paris to the clinic, but it is left open, if he gets there in time to save them or not. The mentioning of Christmas in the message hints that he didn't make it in time.

Cast
 Helmut Berger as Dr. Frank Flamand
 Brigitte Lahaie as Nathalie
 Chris Mitchum as Sam Morgan
 Telly Savalas as Terry Hallen
 Caroline Munro as Barbara Hallen
 Anton Diffring as Dr. Karl Heinz Moser
 Gerard Zalcberg as Gordon, the henchman
 Howard Vernon as Dr. Orloff
 Stéphane Audran as Mrs. Sherman
 Tilda Thamar as Mme François

Release
Faceless was released in France on June 22, 1988. The film was released in different languages, including French. It was released on UHD and blu-ray by Severin Films in 2022.

Reception
From contemporary reviews, the film was reviewed by a critic credited as "Len." in Variety who reviewed the film on June 26, 1988. "Len." referred to the film as a "routine gore-and-softcore shocker" noting that the "Special gore effects are part for the course. The director, Jesus Franco, a specialist of porn and horror films, seems to have directed with his eyes closed."

References

Sources

External links

1988 films
1988 horror films
1980s French films
1980s Spanish films
1980s slasher films
English-language French films
English-language Spanish films
Films about kidnapping
Films about surgeons
Films directed by Jesús Franco
Films set in New York City
Films set in Paris
French detective films
French slasher films
French splatter films
Spanish detective films
Spanish slasher films
Spanish splatter films
Films about plastic surgery


Estella Francis Solomons (2 April 1882– 2 November 1968) was one of the leading Irish artists of her generation. She came from a prominent Dublin Jewish family. She studied at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art and the Chelsea School of Art. She was a member of Cumann na mBan and was active during the revolutionary period. She was noted for her portraits of contemporaries in the republican movement and her studio was a safe house during the War of Independence. She married poet Seumas O'Sullivan, founder of The Dublin Magazine, and helped to support it financially. The couple hosted regular salons in their home which attracted Irish artists, writers, politicians and intellectuals. Solomons was a close friend of writer Kathleen Goodfellow, whom she met in Cumann na mBan and who was a patron of The Dublin Magazine. Solomons was elected an honorary member of the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1966, having been an associate since 1925.

Early life and family
Estella Francis Solomons was born on 2 April 1882 in Dublin, Ireland, to Maurice Solomons (1832–1922), and poet Rosa Jane Jacobs. Her father was an optician whose practice in 19 Nassau Street, Dublin is mentioned in Ulysses. Her father was also the Vice-Consul of Austria-Hungary. The Solomons family, who came to Dublin from England in 1824, are one of the oldest continuous lines of Jews in Ireland.

Her grandmother Rosa Jacobs Solomons (1833–1926), who was born in Hull in England, was the author of a book called Facts and fancies (Dublin 1883). Estella's brother Bethel Solomons, a renowned physician, a master of the Rotunda Hospital and Irish international rugby player, is mentioned in Finnegans Wake. Her brother Edwin (1879–1964) was a stockbroker and prominent member of the Dublin Jewish community. Her younger sister Sophie was a trained opera singer. A portrait of Sophie, by her cousin the printmaker Louise Jacobs, survives in the Estella Solomons archives in the Library of Trinity College Dublin.

Career
In 1898, at the age of 16, Solomons entered the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art where she won a significant prize. Her classmates included future leading Irish artists including Mary Swanzy, Eva Hamilton (1876-1960) and William J. Leech (1881-1968). She also attended the Chelsea School of Art from 1903-1906. A visit to the tercentenary  exhibition of the work of Rembrandt in Amsterdam in 1903 impacted her creative practice and may have influenced her adoption of printmaking as her principal vehicle of expression. She studied under two of Ireland's leading artists, Walter Osborne, who was another major influence, and William Orpen. With her friends Cissie Beckett (aunt of Samuel Beckett) and Beatrice Elvery, she went to study in Paris in Colorossi's studio. On her return she exhibited in Leinster Hall, Molesworth Street, with contemporaries such as Beatrice Elvery, Eva Hamilton and Grace Gifford. Her work was also included in joint exhibitions with other artists at Mills Hall (1919, with Mary Duncan) and the Arlington Gallery, London (1935, with Louise Jacobs). She also exhibited at her Great Brunswick Street studio in December 1926.

Solomons illustrated Padraic Colum's The Road Round Ireland (1926) and DL Kelleher's The Glamour of Dublin in 1928. Originally published after the devastation of the 1916 Rising, the later edition features eight views of familiar locations in the city centre including Merchant's Arch and King's Inns. Her etching 'A Georgian Doorway' was included in Katherine MacCormack's Leabhar Ultuin in 1920. This publication featured illustrations by several prominent Irish artists and was sold in aid of the new children's hospital, St Ultan's in Charlemont Street, Dublin that had been founded by two prominent members of Cumann na mBan, Dr Kathleen Lynn and Madeleine ffrench-Mullen.

She painted landscapes and portraits, including of artist Jack Yeats, politician Arthur Griffiths, poet Austin Clarke, and writers James Stephens and George Russell (AE).

Solomons was elected an associate of the Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts in July 1925, but it was not until 1966 that she was elected an honorary member. Her work was included in the Academy's annual members’ exhibition every year for sixty years.

Personal life
Solomons was married to poet and publisher Seumas O'Sullivan (1879–1958), whose birth name was James Sullivan Starkey. Her parents opposed the relationship as O'Sullivan was not of the Jewish faith. They married in 1925, when she was 43 and he 46, after her parents had died. She collaborated with her husband on The Dublin Magazine (1923–1958), the renowned literary and art journal, of which O'Sullivan was editor for 35 years. Solomons provided vital financial support to the magazine, particularly in sourcing advertising, which was difficult in the tough economic climate of the new Free State. She was helped in this endeavour by poet and writer, Kathleen Goodfellow, a lifelong friend. When Solomons and O'Sullivan were looking to move from their house in Rathfarnham because of a damp problem, Goodfellow offered them the house beside her own on Morehampton Road for a nominal rent. Two of Solomons' portraits of Goodfellow are in the Model Niland Gallery in Sligo.

Political activities
Solomons joined the Ranelagh branch of Cumann na mBan at the same time as Goodfellow. They were taught first aid, drilling and signalling by Phyllis Ryan. Solomons was active before and during the Irish War of Independence. She concealed ammunition in the family vegetable garden before delivering it to a Sinn Féin agent. Her studio at Great Brunswick Street was used as a safe house by republican volunteers. During this time, she painted the portraits of a number of revolutionaries, some of which she had to later destroy to avoid incriminating them. Her work includes a portrait of Frank Aiken when we was chief of staff of the IRA.

Later life and death
Solomons took up a teaching position at Bolton Street, Dublin. In 1939 she organised an exhibition in Dublin to help refugee artists from Europe.

She died on 2 November 1968 and is buried in Woodtown Cemetery. Her friend Kathleen Goodfellow gifted the Morehampton Road Wildlife Sanctuary, where Solomons liked to paint, to An Taisce. Two plaques have subsequently been erected there, one in memory of Solomons and one for Goodfellow.

Archive
Works of Estella Solomons are held in the Niland Collection, at The Model gallery in Sligo and in the National Gallery of Ireland. Her archives, which include artwork and photographs (and prints by Louise Jacobs), and the archives of the Dublin Magazine are in the Library of Trinity College Dublin.

References

1882 births
1968 deaths
20th-century Irish painters
Irish Jews
Artists from Dublin (city)
Alumni of the National College of Art and Design
Irish women painters
Irish people of English-Jewish descent
20th-century Irish women artists
People of the Irish Civil War (Anti-Treaty side)
Cumann na mBan members
Burials at Woodtown Cemetery
20th-century Irish Jews


The Lady Cop is a fictional police officer, a comic book character published by DC Comics. She debuted in 1st Issue Special #4 (July 1975), and was created by Robert Kanigher and John Rosenberger.

The Lady Cop is Liza Warner, a young woman who watches from beneath a bed as a murderer in cowboy boots slaughters her two roommates, leaving the ace of spades behind as his calling card. Later a policewoman (circa 1975) praises her eidetic memory, calling her a "born police officer". Liza enrolls in the unnamed metropolitan city's police academy, performing her civic duty while hoping to one day find the mysterious "killer in boots". After a long absence, Liza Warner appeared in The All-New Atom #6 and #12, now as chief of police for Ivy Town.

Liza Warner appeared in the fourth and fifth seasons of Arrow, portrayed by Rutina Wesley.

In other media
Liza Warner appears in Arrow, portrayed by Rutina Wesley. This version is a former police sergeant for the Star City Police Department and a member of its anti-vigilante task force who goes rogue following the events of the third season and Quentin Lance disbands the latter group. Throughout the episodes "Beyond Redemption" and "The Sin-Eater", Warner clashes with Team Arrow, with the latter episode seeing her join forces with China White and Carrie Cutter in a failed attempt at taking over Star City.

See also
Police Woman

References

External links
Cosmic Teams: Lady Cop
Seven Hells: Lady Cop Week
A tongue-in-cheek examination of 1st Issue Special #4

DC Comics martial artists
DC Comics female characters
DC Comics police officers
DC Comics scientists
Fictional characters with eidetic memory
Fictional forensic scientists
Fictional American police detectives
Comics characters introduced in 1975
Characters created by John Rosenberger
Characters created by Robert Kanigher


The ladies' individual skating event was held as part of the figure skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics. It was the third appearance of the event, which had previously been held at the Summer Olympics in 1908 and 1920. The competition was held on Monday, 28 January and on Tuesday, 29 January 1924. It was the only women's event at the 1924 Winter Olympics. Eight figure skaters from six nations competed.

Results
Although eleven-year-old Sonja Henie finished last in this competition, she went on to win gold medals in the next three consecutive Olympic Games.

Referee:
  Alexander von Szabo de Bucs

Judges:
  J. Fellner
  Walter Jakobsson
  Herbert Yglesias
  Ernst Herz
  Louis Magnus
  R. Japiut
  Georges Wagemans

References

External links
 Official Official Olympic Report
 sports-reference

Figure skating at the 1924 Winter Olympics
1924 in figure skating
Alp
OLy


List of active Royal Marines military watercraft is a list of landing craft and other watercraft in service with the Royal Marines. It consist of a varied fleet of transport vessels, patrol vessels and special forces watercraft (I.e mini submarines etc.) maintained by the Royal Navy and designed to transport the Royal Marines or special forces from ship to shore as well as conduct river or estuary patrols.

Landing Craft

The principal landing craft of the Royal Marines are the Mk 10 LCUs and the Mk 5B LCVPs. Four LCUs and 4 LCVPs can be embarked on each of the Albion-class assault ships, while 1 LCU or 2 LCVPs can be carried on the Royal Fleet Auxiliary's Bay-class landing ships.

As of 2023, there were 9 Mk 10 LCUs and 8 Mk 5B LCVPs reported to be in service with the Royal Marines. The LCUs had a displacement of 240 tonnes and were capable of carrying a main battle tank, four other vehicles or 120 troops. The LCVPs displaced 8.2 tonnes and could carry 6 tonnes of stores or 35 troops.

As of 2019, four additional Griffon 2400 TD Landing Craft Air Cushion (Light) were in service with the Royal Marines. These craft were capable of a 34-knot speed and could carry 16 troops or 2.4 tonnes of supplies.

Offshore Raiding Craft

The Offshore Raiding Craft (ORC) is a recent addition to the Royal Marines inventory. The ORC is primarily employed for 'Strategic Raiding' where speed and covertness is desired, however, the Offshore Raiding Craft is equally as capable when conducting amphibious operations alongside the larger and more traditional LCACs, LCUs and LCVPs. The ORC is fitted with several general purpose machine guns as well as protection against enemy fire for the troops inside. The ORC can be underslung from a helicopter or deployed from ships of various sizes.

35 ORC were reported to be in service with the Royal Marines as of 2023. These included 27 troop-carrying variants, each displacing 5 tonnes and capable of carrying 8 troops, and 8 fire-support variants, equipped with three machine guns and 40mm grenade launchers.

Raiding Craft

The Raiding Craft (RC) are operated in large numbers by the Royal Marines and can be divided into two groups; The Rigid Raider (RRC), and the smaller Inflatable Raiding Craft (IRC). Despite being the smallest of the amphibious craft, the Raiding Craft are the most widely used due to their mobility and versatility. As such, the RCs often find themselves deployed in amphibious and riverine operations around the globe, in environments ranging from the Arctic to the tropics. Examples of these craft are not only embarked on all amphibious warfare vessels, but are also carried aboard other Royal Navy ships for use on patrol duties, such as searching ships or anti-piracy.

Specialist Craft

The Royal Navy operate three MK 11 Shallow Water Combat Submersibles (SWCS) for use by the Special Boat Service. They are designed to deliver special forces personnel and their equipment for covert special operations missions on hostile shores. They replace the previously used SDV Mk8 Mod 1, which was the same as used by the United States Navy SEALs.

From 2011 to 2013, the Royal Marines leased four CB90-class fast assault craft from the Swedish Armed Forces to gain operational insight into the design and capabilities of such a craft. The CB90 or a similar vessel may in future fulfil the Royal Marines concept of the 'Future Force Protection Craft'. It is intended that such a vessel would provide a Task Group in the littoral zones protection from hostile fast attack craft.

The Fast Interceptor Craft (FIC) is in use with the Special Boat Service. It has a reported maximum speed of up to 55 knots and its hull features a highly stealthy design and advanced 'wave piercing' qualities. It is similar to the American Mark V Special Operations Craft.

Patrol Boats

The Royal Marines operate three dedicated patrol vessels of the Island-class based at HMNB Clyde. They are tasked with protecting high value Royal Navy ships such as the Vanguard-class submarines. The vessels -called Mull, Rona and Eorsa- are ex MoD Police boats. Mull and Rona were handed over to the Royal Marines during 2013, with Eorsa arriving at a later date.

See also

Lists of ships operated by or in support of His Majesty's Naval Service
 List of active Royal Navy ships
 List of active Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships
 List of ships of Serco Marine Services

References

External links
Royal Marines - Landing Craft (royalnavy.mod.uk)

Watercraft
United Kingdom


Tomas Gustafson is a Swedish speed skater.

Tomas Gustafson may also refer to:

 Tomas Antonelius, or Tomas Gustafsson, Swedish footballer
 Thomas G:son, Swedish composer and musician


Jorge Luiz Fernandes Leite (born 3 April 1962 in Rio de Janeiro) is a former international freestyle swimmer from Brazil, who participated in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1980.

Participated at the 1978 World Aquatics Championships in West Berlin, where he finished 24th in the 100-metre freestyle, and 31st in the 200-metre freestyle.

He was at the 1979 Pan American Games, in San Juan. He won a silver medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle. He also finished 6th in the 100-metre freestyle. He broke the South American record of the 4×200-metre freestyle.

Fernandes won the bronze medal in the men's 4×200-metre freestyle relay event at the 1980 Summer Olympics, alongside Marcus Mattioli, Cyro Delgado, and Djan Madruga, with a time of 7:29.30. He also went to the 4×100-metre medley final, finishing 8th, and swam the 100-metre and 200-metre freestyle, not going to the final.

At the 1981 Summer Universiade, held in Bucharest, Fernandes won the silver medal in the 200-metre freestyle and bronze medal in the 100-metre freestyle. The 3 Brazilians relays (4×100-metre freestyle, 4×200-metre freestyle, 4×100-metre medley) won bronze too; Fernandes participated in all.

Participated at the 1982 World Aquatics Championships in Guayaquil, where he finished 7th in the 4×200-metre freestyle final, 8th in the 4×100-metre medley final, 19th in the 200-metre freestyle, and 26th in the 100-metre freestyle.

At the 1983 Summer Universiade, in Edmonton, he finished 7th in the 200-metre freestyle.

He was at the 1983 Pan American Games, in Caracas. He won silver in the 4×100-metre freestyle and in the 4×200-metre freestyle. He also finished 5th in the 200-metre freestyle, and 6th in the 100-metre freestyle. He broke the South American record in the 4×100-metre freestyle.

At the 1984 Summer Olympics, in Los Angeles, he finished 9th in the 4×200-metre freestyle, 10th in the 4×100-metre freestyle, and 20th in the 200-metre freestyle.

Participated at the 1986 World Aquatics Championships in Madrid, where he finished 33rd in the 200-metre freestyle, and 40th in the 100-metre freestyle.

He was at the 1987 Pan American Games, in Indianapolis. He won three bronze medals at the three Brazilian relays. He also finished 5th in the 100-metre freestyle, and 8th in the 50-metre freestyle.

At the 1988 Summer Olympics, in Seoul, he finished 10th in the 4×200-metre freestyle, 12th in the 4×100-metre freestyle, 33rd in the 100-metre freestyle, and 37th in the 50-metre freestyle.

He was the South American record holder of the 100-metre freestyle, between 1980 and 1990.

References

External links

1962 births
Living people
Swimmers at the 1979 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1983 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1987 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic swimmers for Brazil
Olympic bronze medalists for Brazil
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Brazilian male freestyle swimmers
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Universiade medalists in swimming
Universiade silver medalists for Brazil
Universiade bronze medalists for Brazil
Medalists at the 1981 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
Swimmers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
21st-century Brazilian people
20th-century Brazilian people


Abdoul Nassirou Omouroun (born 12 July 1987) is a Togolese footballer currently playing for AS Togo-Port.

External links

1987 births
Living people
Togolese men's footballers
Togo men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
21st-century Togolese people


Walter Morosco (February 1, 1899 – December 30, 1948 ) was an American film producer, writer, actor and director.

Biography
Morosco was born on February 1, 1899 in San Francisco, California. He was the son of theater impresario Oliver Morosco, and grandson of Walter M. Morosco (1846–1901), proprietor of the Morosco's Grand Opera House in San Francisco. He worked for United Artists and Fox Film Corporation before signing a contract with Twentieth Century-Fox.

Morosco was married and divorced three times: From 1924 to 1934 he was married to the actress Corinne Griffith. His other wives were Shirley Newman Listenwalter, with whom he had a son, Tim, and Marie M. O'Keefe,

Morosco died at the age of 49 after suffering a stroke.

Partial filmography
For Those We Love (1921)
Silken Shackles (1926) (*director)
The Divine Lady (1929)
Mammy (1930)
 Lilies of the Field (1930)
 A Man of Mayfair (1931)
Aren't We All? (1932)
Women Who Play (1932-producer)
 Lily Christine (1932)
Charlie Chan at the Wax Museum (1940)
Moon Over Her Shoulder (1941)
A Gentleman at Heart (1942)
Sunday Dinner for a Soldier (1944)
Sentimental Journey (1946)
Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948)
Mother Is a Freshman (1949)

References

External links

Walter Morosco at TCM Movie Database

1899 births
1948 deaths
American film producers


The Donora Smog Museum features a collection of archival materials documenting the Donora Smog of 1948, an air inversion of smog containing fluorine that killed 20 people in Donora, Pennsylvania, United States, a mill town 20 miles south of Pittsburgh on the Monongahela River.

Donora was home to U.S. Steel's Donora Zinc Works and its American Steel & Wire plant. The event is sometimes credited for initiating the clean-air movement in the United States, whose crowning achievement was the Clean Air Act.

The museum, which opened October 20, 2008, is located at 595 McKean Avenue near Sixth Street in an old storefront.

The museum has partnered with California University of Pennsylvania to develop a digital collection of primary sources that are archived on site.

See also
 Great Smog of 1952

References
 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection. Overview of the 1948 Donora Smog
 Don Hopey (2008). Museum remembers Donora's deadly 1948 smog: story by Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved October 21, 2008.

External links
 Official Website
 Donora Smog Commemorative Committee
 The Donora Digital Collection

Environmental disasters in the United States
History museums in Pennsylvania
Industry museums in Pennsylvania
Museums in Washington County, Pennsylvania
Natural disaster museums
Smog
Museums established in 2008
2008 establishments in Pennsylvania


The Great Manmade River Stadium (GMR or GMMR stadium)  is a football stadium situated just a few metres away from the 11 June Stadium in the heart of Tripoli's sporting city. The stadium is named after the Great Manmade River. The stadium has a capacity of around 20,000 and is currently the home of Libyan Premier League clubs Al Wahda, Al Tersana and Alamn Alaam.

The stadium was opened on 17 May 2000, and was celebrated with a friendly match between Middlesbrough F.C. and A.S. Bari.
This ground has hosted matches at international level, and the most celebrated results on this ground were won by the likes of Al Madina, who defeated ES Tunis 2–1, and on 19 September 2006, Al Ittihad defeated Al Nahdha of Oman in the 2006-07 Arab Champions League.

References

Football venues in Libya
Buildings and structures in Tripoli, Libya
2000 establishments in Libya
Sports venues completed in 2000