Thin-slicing is a term used in psychology and philosophy to describe the ability to find patterns in events based only on "thin slices", or narrow windows, of experience. The term refers to the process of making very quick inferences about the state, characteristics or details of an individual or situation with minimal amounts of information. Research has found that brief judgments based on thin-slicing are similar to those judgments based on much more information. Judgments based on thin-slicing can be as accurate, or even more so, than judgments based on much more information.

The first recorded use of the term was in 1992 by Nalini Ambady and Robert Rosenthal in a meta-analysis in the Psychological Bulletin. Since then, thin-slicing has been applied to many domains, and has been used to make various types of judgments. A non-exhaustive list of domains includes interpersonal relationship, clinical studies, education, etc.

Overview

Thin slices of the behavioral stream contain important diagnostic and predictive social psychological information. Because thin-slice perception and judgment is sufficiently effective, people's interpersonal perceptions can occur immediately, automatically, and to some extent validly before much can be communicated verbally or through actions and events. Given the limited conditions under which social inference and correction occur, these initial judgments may determine people's ultimate perceptions, evaluations, and theories about those with whom they interact face-to-face.

Many studies have shown that brief observations can be used to assess outcomes at levels higher than expected by chance. Once comparing these observations of less than five minutes to those greater than five minutes, the data show no significant change, thus implying that observations made within the first few minutes are unchanging. An example of this can be seen in an Ambady and Rosenthal experiment in 1993, in which they assessed the effect of thin slicing with 2-, 5-, and 10-second clips of non-verbal behaviors of teachers and the viewers' ratings of those teachers afterwards. Impressions formed after viewing thin slices of behavior are considered accurate if they match impressions formed after a more detailed observation of the subject and if they match the impressions formed by other raters. While people are often not able to report the factors that influence their judgments, researchers identify types of information in brief slices of behavior that are responsible for accurate judgments. Types of information include visual and verbal information. More specifically, researchers look at how people make judgments based on their observations of others' minor traits such as eye contact, fidgeting, open-handed gestures, stiff posture, smiling, etc. Behaviors such as frowning, fidgeting, and gazing down had poor ratings for traits describing the teacher's confidence, warmth and optimism while teachers with positive ratings for these traits smiled more, were more likely to walk around and touch their upper torsos.

Ambady and Rosenthal ultimately found that those who rated the teachers after being subjected to thin slicing produced ratings that were very similar to those who rated the teachers after having substantial interactions with them. Additionally, the accuracy of these ratings was not significantly different among those who saw the 2-, 5- and 10-second clips. This demonstrates the impressive amount of information that is conveyed in thin slices of everyday behavior and the insight that it can provide about an individual's personality, no matter how briefly the behavior is observed.

Domains
People would expect that thin slices of themselves only reveal socially valued characteristics. Otherwise, they would be more willing to reveal minor imperfections about themselves before others make inferences based on their observations. Nonetheless, both desirable and undesirable characteristics are usually visible through the peephole of thin slices. Thin slices of individuals' behaviors could expose characteristics of their personality, internal states, sexuality, relationship, biases, etc. Even individuals' future behaviors could be predicted with reasonable accuracy through thin slicing.

Interpersonal relationship

First impression
In the research paper published in 2007 by Dana R. Carney et al., it was discovered that increased exposure time, i.e. length of the slice, helped people to obtain more information, so that they could better judge social approach and positive affect. The same increased length of the slice was less related to judging threats and negative affect. The accuracy of the judgement based on a five-second long slice is significantly lower than the accuracy of judgments based on longer exposures. Also, slices extracted from the later stage of the interaction potentially allowed people to make more accurate judgments. Dana R. Carney et al. also drew the conclusion that women tended to make more accurate judgments using thin slicing than did men.

Speed dating
Marian L. Houser et al. built on Deyo & Deyo's earlier work and studied thin slicing in speed dating. They found out that a few moments of communication evaluation in Speed dating indeed helped the participants to predict outcomes and make speculated assessments of their relationship with the potential mate. Female speed daters noted male negative characteristics rather quickly, and were generally more critical. This could mean that males were more open-minded or at least slower to identify the negative characteristics, meaning that they were less reactive in comparison to females when doing thin slicing. While both sexes were equally good in making positive evaluations about their partners, females made more specific descriptions than males, and males might engage in observing the superficial if they only noticed negative characteristics in the beginning of the date. Still, the overall result showed that speed dating did make the participants look more favorable in each other's eyes.

Social media profiles
Thin-slicing is a phenomenon that can occur virtually as well through contact with an individual's online profile. Online profiles are essentially made up of several different condensed sections that reveal different aspects of a person's life and interests. Microsoft researchers Kristin Stecher and Scott Counts investigated this domain of thin-slicing to determine exactly how much information was needed on the online profiles for viewers to form an accurate impression of the individual and which profile fields contribute most to the ability to form that impression. They focused on two forms of social media domains: general social networking sites such as Facebook and Friendster, and blogging sites. The predictiveness of an attribute was defined as its ability to contribute to a viewer's ability to form a predictive impression of the subject. For social media sites, information such as the individual's photo, name, status, high school and gender allowed raters to form predictive impressions while for blogging sites, this predictive information included the individual's photo, religious views, current town, employer and number of groups. Thus, while users can use thin slices of information gathered from these online profiles to form an impression of the subject, the impression is severely impacted by the type of attributes that are presented on the profile as well as the different ways they are processed based on user goals.

Sexual orientation
In 1999, Nalini Ambady et al. studied the accuracy of judgments of sexual orientation from thin slices of behavior. After taking variables such as the gender and sexual orientation of the judges and the gender of the targets into consideration, Ambady reached the conclusion that people could accurately perceive sexual orientation through thin slicing. Approximately 55% of the judgments based on still photo slices were accurate, and approximately 70% of the judgments based on 10 second silent video slices were accurate. Such perception and judgment would be more accurate if the materials provided were of dynamic nonverbal nature (e.g.: silent videos containing much gestural information) rather than of static information nature (e.g.: still photographs). Also in her studies, gay men and lesbians were generally more accurate than heterosexuals in making judgments.

Clinical

Cognitive ability
An individual's mood has been known to distort cognitive abilities. Emotions cloud rational quick thoughts. The three most influential studies were conducted in 2002 by Nalini Ambady and Heather M. Gray. In the first study, induced sadness led to reduced accuracy in judgments of teacher effectiveness from brief samples of nonverbal behavior. In the second study, sad participants showed reduced accuracy in judging relationship type from thin-slices as well as diminished judgmental efficiency. The third study showed the possibility that sadness impairs accuracy by promoting a more deliberative information-processing style. All of these studies have the basic principle that emotions do in fact affect judgement as seen through effects on thin-slicing. They disprove conclusions from some previous studies that sadness would lead to more cautious processing strategy or would not have a strong effect in social perception, and argue that short-term induced sadness would hinder individual's social interpretation skills.

Personality disorder
Jacqueline N.W. Friedman et al. (2007) examined people's ability to detect personality disorder using a thin-slicing approach. They found that people were capable of detecting pathological personality traits in 30 seconds of videotaped behavior. By looking at the "thin slices" of videos, research participants were able to accurately identify targets with personality pathology from the video. Also, when participants were exposed to an increased number of personality traits, i.e.: increasing spectrum instead of "thickness" of the slices, they performed better at identifying targets' negative traits. This correlation between "thin slices" with richer content and participants' better performance in detecting personality disorder is found to be stronger than correlations found in other studies using thin slice methodology.

Deception detection

Albrechsten, Meissner and Susa (2009) of the University of Texas at El Paso conducted two separate studies of processing style (intuitive vs. deliberative processing) in a deception detection task. In the first experiment, a thin-slicing manipulation was used to show that intuitive processing can lead to more accurate judgments of deception when compared with traditional forms of processing, i.e.: forms that take in much more information input. In the second experiment, participants who engaged in a second task performed more accurately in a deception task than participants who were asked to provide a verbal rationale for each decision. The results converged to suggest that intuitive processing can significantly improve deception detection performances.

Educational

Parenting
One of the first series conducted by James Bugental and his colleagues showed that parents' expectancies, identified from brief clips of their tone, are related to their children's behavior process. The tone of a mother with a normal child and one whose child has behavioral problems differed significantly. A quick observation of parents of normal children and parents of children with behavioral problem can easily help the observer to distinguish the two types. The conceptions above provide an underlying basis that there actually is an ability to judge from brief observations. Research in classrooms has shown that judges can distinguish biased teachers and their expectations for students from unbiased teachers and their expectations simply from brief clips of teachers' behaviors.  Likewise, research in the courtroom has shown that in brief excerpts of judges' instructions to jurors in trials, raters could predict the judge's expectations for the trial.

Examples in everyday life
Some people believe that the effects of the phenomenon known as déjà vu happen within the same time frame of thin-slicing and might also have a direct correlation. A narrow window of experience is enough for an individual to feel sure that they have already witnessed or experienced a current situation, even though the exact circumstances of the prior encounter are uncertain and were perhaps imagined.

Many other uses of thin-slicing are implied by media reports such as firemen making split-second decisions, or cops knowing something is wrong by simply a gut feeling. All these suggest anecdotally that thin-slicing occurs regularly.

Explanations regarding thin-slicing accuracy
There are several proposed explanations regarding the accuracy of judgments made from thin slices of behavior.

The first explanation draws from psychologists Zebrowitz-McArthur and Baron's ecological approach to Social perception, which states that attributes corresponding to an unpleasant or threatening presence can be easily and quickly recognized because the ability to sense danger is essential for survival and adaptive action. Thus, traits such as anger and dominance are generally more easily identifiable compared to humor or responsibility.

The second explanation involves the role that stereotypes play in the initial stages of forming a judgment about someone. Preliminary opinions generated via thin-slicing are often influenced by the stereotypes a person holds, and these stereotypes often hold a certain, small amount of truth. For example, Berry and McArthur found that adults with baby faces are generally perceived to be more honest, naive and kind. There is also evidence that physical and biological differences are linked with differences in temperament. Shyer and more reserved adult men tend to have more lightly colored eyes and a leaner, more delicate build compared to men who are more social and dominant.  However, stereotypes may not always be as accurate as they seem because they can be propagated by a cycle of self-fulfilling prophecies in which our behavior is dictated by the expectations we hold of someone based on the stereotypes they fit to. This in turn causes the target individual to modify their own behavior to confirm those expectations and gives the illusion that the person's traits accurately fits the stereotype from the beginning. For example, physically attractive individuals may become more socially-skilled and confident simply because they internalize the beliefs held by others that they are more socially desirable and outgoing.

The third explanation proposes that thin-slicing provides accurate judgments simply because they are snap judgments. Being exposed to only a thin-slice of behavior eliminates the presence of distracting stimuli such as verbal interaction and doesn't allow the rater time to introspectively reason out why they judge an individual a certain way, which may cause them to overthink and change the judgments formed by their initial instincts. Thin-slicing allows raters to focus on expressive behavior and weeds out extraneous information that can cause judgments to stray away from the truth.

None of these explanations are believed to universally encompass the true reason of why thin-slicing is successful. Instead, it is likely that they are not mutually exclusive and each influence thin-slicing accuracy to a certain degree.

Variation in thin-slicing factors

Exposure time
Ambady and Rosenthal's 1992 meta-analysis revealed that a longer exposure time of a thin-slice does not significantly improve accuracy of judgment.

Channels of communication
Thin-slices of behavior include two main channels of communication: non-verbal and verbal. Non-verbal behavior is defined as facial and body expressions or tone of voice. Verbal behavior involves actual speech. When dealing with verbal and nonverbal cues that provide inconsistent conclusions, assessing the nonverbal behaviors generally provides the more accurate judgment. This is because humans can easily control what they say to present themselves in a particular light or provide a certain impression of a situation but have a more difficult time trying to control their facial and body expression and tone of voice. For example, judges were found to reveal their true expectations of whether or not a defendant was guilty through their nonverbal behavior but not their verbal behavior. However, Ambady and Rosenthal's meta-analysis revealed that while judgments were more accurate when observing only facial and body expressions as opposed to facial and body expressions in addition to speech, the difference in accuracy is not significant enough to actually declare that using different channels of communication will affect the accuracy of a result.

Physical attractiveness
In Ambady and Rosenthal's 1993 experiment, they use 2, 5 and 10 second video clips of non-verbal behavior of teachers to test the accuracy of the judgments made by raters who watched those videos. While physical attractiveness of the video subject may seem like an obvious bias that may lead people to form inaccurate judgments, they demonstrated that it actually did not have a strong effect on their experimental outcome. One reason may be due to differences in the "type" of thin slice that is being made available to the raters. For example, when simply given a photo of an individual, a rater tends to judge personality traits simply based on attractiveness. However, when expressive behavior is available such as through the video clips used in the experiment, physical attractiveness becomes less important and less utilized when forming an impression of someone.

Practical implications
While thin-slicing has been proven to be a powerful experimental tool, it is important that experiments are being designed such that thin-slicing can actually be used to accurately judge the behavior of interest because it is not appropriate to use thin-slicing to universally evaluate different situations. First, the behaviors or traits in question should be easily observable so that ratings based on thin-slicing can be used reliably. Second, these traits should generally have an affective or interpersonally, rather than personally-oriented component because the latter is much more difficult to judge and less observable. Interpersonal dimensions include dominance and shyness while personal dimensions include conscientiousness and intelligence.

The proven accuracy and effects of thin-slicing has several practical implications. First, experimenters can reliably use thin-slicing to evaluate different affect variables and can thus save time and money on gathering extraneous information. Additionally, since thin-slicing can be used to accurately predict interpersonally-oriented qualities, they can be used in the selection, training and evaluation of individuals who require strong interpersonal skills, such as teachers, managers and therapists. Finally, since channels of communication do not significantly influence accuracy, ratings can be gathered from any of the channels that are conveniently available.

Popular culture

Blink
One of the most popular books on thin-slicing is Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking by Malcolm Gladwell. In this book, the author describes interesting examples and research which exploit the idea of thin-slicing.

For example, Gladwell describes how a museum acquired an ancient sculpture, brought to the J. Paul Getty Museum in California, under the name Getty kouros. Some art experts observed the sculpture and decided there was something wrong with it, a gut feeling due to the artwork exhibiting all the wrong signs. However, under thorough investigation the sculpture was deemed real because of a lack of solid evidence to the contrary. The statue's authenticity was later thrown into question due to erroneous assumptions made by one of the researchers who had previously vouched for it.

Another example in this book explored the work of John Gottman, a well-known marital expert. Gladwell describes how within an hour of observing a couple, Gottman can gather with 95% accuracy if the couple will be together within 15 years. Gottman's accuracy goes down to 90% if he observes the couples for 15 minutes, supporting the phenomenon of thin-slicing. However, the strength of the evidence supporting these claims has been criticized.

12 Angry Men
The drama has a few adaptations, including the earliest 1954 teleplay, a 1957 movie and a 1997 remake movie. The movies themselves did not explicitly discuss thin-slicing, but depicted various types of group behaviors and group interactions. Those depictions made the movie a popular choice for teaching and illustrating group processes.

There are now numerous websites containing essays and articles that analyze aspects of group dynamics shown in the movie, using methods analogous to thin-slicing. Also, students learning group dynamics, social psychology and related topics are usually required to analyze the movie using the thin-slicing method. All these analyses strongly correlate the movie to the method of thin-slicing.

See also

 First impression
 Illusory correlation
 Intertrial priming
 Priming
 Stereotype threat
 Zero-acquaintance personality judgments

References

Social psychology
1990s neologisms


Major-General Arthur Reid Lempriere (Ewell, Surrey, England, 22 August 1835 – 10 April 1927) was a British Army officer of the Royal Engineers, including of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment that founded British Columbia as the Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866).

He was in the third and the largest group of Royal Engineers to arrive in British Columbia in 1859. He served in British Columbia until 1863. Lempriere surveyed the route from Hope to Lytton through the Coquihalla River in 1859. Three geographical features are named for him in the northern reaches of the North Thompson River and along British Columbia Highway 5 in the Thompson-Nicola Regional District of the British Columbia Interior, between the communities of Kamloops to the south and Tete Jaune Cache-Valemount to the north:
, in the Monashee Mountains, with an elevation of
Lempriere, a railway point on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line (used today by freight traffic and the Via Rail Canadian train). There was a post office from 1942 to 1945 when Japanese were interned at a work camp in this area.
Lempriere Creek, a right tributary of the North Thompson River, which has its mouth just upstream of confluence of the North Thompson River and the Albreda River, where the North Thompson River turns 90° right and heads south.

A fourth feature named after him is Lempriere Bank, an ocean bank south of Aristazabal Island in the Pacific Oceanon the British Columbia Coast.

He retired from the British Army in 1882.

References

1835 births
1927 deaths
Royal Engineers officers
Pre-Confederation British Columbia people
English explorers of North America
Explorers of British Columbia
British surveyors


Pertti Tikka (born 12 May 1955 in Tohmajärvi) is a Finnish ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. He received an individual gold medal at the World Ski Orienteering Championships in Avesta in 1980. He received a silver medal in 1982, and a bronze medal in 1984.

See also
 Finnish orienteers
 List of orienteers
 List of orienteering events

References

1955 births
Living people
Finnish orienteers
Male orienteers
Ski-orienteers


The Akab Dzib is a pre-Columbian structure at the Maya archaeological site of Chichen Itza, located in the central-northern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula of present-day Mexico.

The building is formally catalogued in archaeological surveys as Chichen Itza Structure 4D1; alternative spellings include Akab Tzib and Akabdzib. In modern Maya orthography, the building's given name renders as  or .

"Akab Dzib" means, in Mayan, "The House of Mysterious Writing". An earlier name of the building, according to a translation of glyphs in the Casa Colorada, is Wa(k)wak Puh Ak Na, "the flat house with the excessive number of chambers” and it was the home of the administrator of Chichén Itzá, kokom Yahawal Cho' K’ak’.

The INAH completed a restoration of the building in 2007. It is relatively short, only  high, and is  in length and  wide. The long, western-facing facade has seven doorways. The eastern facade has only four doorways, broken by a large staircase that leads to the roof. This apparently was the front of the structure, and looks out over what is today a steep, but dry, cenote. The southern end of the building has one entrance. The door opens into a small chamber and on the opposite wall is another doorway, above which on the lintel are intricately carved glyphs—the “mysterious” or “obscure” writing that gives the building its name today. Under the lintel in the doorjamb is another carved panel of a seated figure surrounded by more glyphs. Inside one of the chambers, near the ceiling, is a painted hand print.

Notes

References

External links

Chichen Itza
Buildings and structures in Mesoamerica
Maya architecture


Maccabi Brinkford Tbilisi is the Georgian professional basketball club, that is based in Tbilisi, Georgia. The club competes in the Georgian Super Liga.

External links
 Eurobasket.com Team Profile

Basketball teams in Georgia (country)
Tbilisi


Alexander Miles (May 18, 1838 – May 7, 1918) was an African American inventor and businessman, best known for being awarded a patent for automatically opening and closing elevator doors. He was awarded  on October 11, 1887.

Biography
Alexander Miles was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1838, the son of Michael and Mary Miles. He was African-American. Miles may have resided in the nearby town of Chillicothe, Ohio, but subsequently moved to Waukesha, Wisconsin, where he earned a living as a barber. After a move to Winona, Minnesota, he met and married Mrs. Candace J. (Shedd) Dunlap, of La Porte, Indiana, a widow with two children, who was four years his senior and a native of New York. Together they had a daughter, born in 1876, named Grace. It is believed by some that Alexander got the idea for his elevator door mechanism after Grace accidentally fell down a shaft, almost ending her life. Shortly after her birth, the family relocated to Duluth, Minnesota. Here, Alexander became the first Black member of the Duluth Chamber of Commerce and operated a barber shop out of the St. Louis Hotel.

The family moved to Montgomery, Alabama by 1889, where Miles was listed in the city directories as a  laborer. In 1899, he moved to Chicago where he founded The United Brotherhood as a life insurance company that would insure black people, who were often denied coverage at that time. Around 1903, they moved again, to Seattle, Washington, where he worked in a hotel as a barber.

Miles died in 1918, and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007.

Elevator innovation
In this time, doors of the elevators had to be closed manually, often by dedicated operators. If the shaft was not closed, people could fall through it leading to some horrific accidents. Miles improved on this mechanism by designing a flexible belt attachment to the elevator cage, and drums positioned to indicate if the elevator has reached a floor. The belt allowed for automatic opening and closing when the elevator reached the drums on the respective floors, by means of levers and rollers.

Miles was granted a patent for this mechanism in 1887, thus greatly improving the safety and efficiency of elevators. John W. Meaker was granted a patent 13 years earlier for another related mechanism of automatic closing of elevator doors.

See also
 List of African-American inventors and scientists

References

19th-century American inventors
African-American inventors
Barbers
1838 births
1918 deaths
People from Pickaway County, Ohio
20th-century African-American people


Gaihragaun is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2667 living in 573 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Kary H. Lasch (1914 – 1993) born Kary Hermann Arthur Wilhelm Lasch on 1 February 1914 in Prague, Austria-Hungary died 27 August 1993 in Danderyd, Sweden) was a photographer who based his international model scouting network in Stockholm.  He is known for his photographs of famous people like Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí,  Federico Fellini, Sofia Loren, and Brigitte Bardot. Kary Lasch visited the Cannes Film Festival consecutively for thirty years. He also did covers for major international magazines like EPOCA of Italy, Popular Photography and many others. His humorous pictures are plentiful but less known.

Photography

As a photographer, Kary H. Lasch was mainly known as a model photographer. He was famous for delivering models and starlets to the world's publications, fashion, and film industries. Few are aware of his profession's wide range and scope: fashion, racing cars, bullfighting, art, travel, and industrial photography, to mention just a few. He loved to travel and could be on the road for eight to 10 months yearly. He traveled impulsively wherever his nose pointed: "I have not been to South America, or maybe Nepal is better." He traveled worldwide using business cards on which the Lufthansa boss had written, "Help Kary H. Lasch with everything he needs." Photography was a tool for meeting people; he carried four address books full of telephone numbers and places. He appeared in ads for Hasselblad as a master photographer and had his pictures on the cover of large magazines worldwide. Lennart Nilsson, Sune Jonsson, and Kary Lasch performed workshops together and traveled around the country for many years in Sweden. "C'est un artiste! Un maître!" Pablo Picasso replied, after he had seen Lasch's images of bullfighting.

Family
Lasch was apparently a photobomber in his early age. In the 1920s, in the light of French photographer Jacques Henri Lartigue and "La Belle Époque" a high standard of living, and the Industrial Revolution, his family apparently adopted all the ingredients. They lived in Prague and had a mansion in Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg) with a tiny railroad in their garden that led to the music pavilion where they entertained the socialites. Max Lasch, Kary's father, and his Austrian wife Margarethe and family were wealthy until 1938, when the Germans invaded and ended the First Czechoslovak Republic. Lasch became stateless without a passport in 1938 and had to stay in Sweden, where he had to create various jobs to survive.

References

External links
 Publisher and The Kary H. Lasch Collection and Archive
 Images at The Kary H. Lasch Collection and Archive
 Nationalencyklopedin, NE
Kary H. Lasch Discography

1914 births
1993 deaths
Swedish photographers
Czechoslovak emigrants to Sweden


Ganjari is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1736 living in 383 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Ghanteshwar is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1619 living in 293 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Girichauka is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3320 living in 616 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Jijodamandau is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1906 living in 365 individual households.

The villages that falls on this VDC include Jijoda, Chhoya, Uchhakot, Dhunga, Sunda, Jainoli, Chamagaun and Suwagarah. The higher secondary school of this VDC is Shri Sita Ram Higher Secondary, Uchhakot, Doti. The school rank among top five higher secondary school in doti district. The VDC is also known for good climate and greenery. Beautiful Saiyapal himalaya and seti river can also be viewed from this VDC.

See also: chhoya

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Kalikasthan is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3910 living in 829 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Kadamandau is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3084 living in 609 individual households.

History
In 1946, a flood washed away all of the area's cows.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Kalena is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1860 living in 296 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Kanachaur is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2403 living in 475 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Alejandro Gabriel Espinosa Borja, known simply as Gabriel Espinosa (born August 13, 1985 in Quito), is an Ecuadorian footballer.

Honours
LDU Quito
Serie A: 2007, 2010
Copa Libertadores: 2008
Recopa Sudamericana: 2010

Universidad Católica
Serie B: 2012

References

External links
Espinosa's FEF player card

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Quito
Men's association football midfielders
Ecuadorian men's footballers
L.D.U. Quito footballers
Copa Libertadores-winning players
C.D. Universidad Católica del Ecuador footballers
C.S.D. Independiente del Valle footballers
C.D. Clan Juvenil footballers


Pseudochromis steenei, also known as lyretail dottyback, is a saltwater fish from Indonesia that is occasionally kept in aquariums. The specific name honours the Australian naturalist and underwater photographer Roger C. Steene who assisted in the collection of the type specimen.

Appearance
A small marine fish that reaches five inches in length. Males are grey with a bright orange head, while females are dark grey.

In the aquarium
Pseudochromis steenei is a hardy member of a saltwater aquarium. As one of the few saltwater aquarium fish that can be bred in captivity use of tank bred individuals in aquariums is often encouraged to reduce the pressure on wild populations.

Twenty five gallons is typically quoted as the minimum tank size required to permanently house this fish. It is best to house them in a species tank, or aquariums greater than a hundred gallons however or they may bother other species persistently.  Because it typically ignores invertebrates it is considered reef safe, although it will sometimes attack shrimp.

It is more aggressive than most, and perhaps all, dottybacks and will often attack other fish and even people. It can be particularly territorial with members of its own species meaning it is best to only keep one in an aquarium.  Despite its hardy nature, it should not be placed in an aquarium with larger predatory fish such as lionfish, and grouper which may see it as a food source.

References

fishbase.org Page on Pseudochromis steenei
Proaquatix Page on Pseudochromis steenei
The Dottybacks

External links

steenei
Fish described in 1835


Kedar Akhada is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1702 living in 269 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Khatiwada is also a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4573 living in 933 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


This lists the species of birds in Mont-Tremblant National Park in Quebec, Canada. The bolded species indicate that they are threatened in the area.

Anatidae

Canada goose, Branta canadensis
Wood duck, Aix sponsa
American wigeon, Anas americana
American black duck, Anas rubripes
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris
Velvet scoter, Melanitta fusca
Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus
Common merganser, Mergus merganser

Phasianidae

Ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus
Spruce grouse, Dendragapus canadensis

Gaviidae

Common loon, Gavia immer

Ardeidae

American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus
Great blue heron, Ardea herodias

Cathartidae

Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura

Accipitridae

Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus
Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus
Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus
Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos

Falconidae

American kestrel, Falco sparverius
Merlin, Falco columbarius

Charadriidae

Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus

Scolopacidae

Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria
Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia
Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata
American woodcock, Scolopax minor

Laridae

Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis
Herring gull, Larus argentatus

Columbidae

Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura

Strigidae

Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus
Barred owl, Strix varia
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
Saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus

Apodidae

Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica

Trochilidae

Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris

Alcedinidae

Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon

Picidae

Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
Downy woodpecker, Picoides pubescens
Hairy woodpecker, Picoides villosus
Black-backed woodpecker, Picoides arcticus
Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus
Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus

Tyrannidae

Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi
Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens
Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum
Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus
Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe
Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus

Vireonidae

Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius
Eastern warbling-vireo, Vireo gilvus
Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus
Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus

Corvidae

Canada jay, Perisoreus canadensis
Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata
American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos
Common raven, Corvus corax

Alaudidae

Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris

Hirundinidae

Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica

Paridae

Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapillus
Boreal chickadee, Poecile hudsonicus

Sittidae

Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis
White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis

Certhiidae

Brown creeper, Certhia americana

Troglodytidae

Winter wren, Troglodytes hiemalis

Regulidae

Golden-crowned kinglet, Regulus satrapa
Ruby-crowned kinglet, Regulus calendula

Turdidae

Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis
Veery, Catharus fuscescens
Bicknell's thrush, Catharus bicknelli
Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus
Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
American robin, Turdus migratorius

Mimidae

Grey catbird, Dumetella carolinensis

Sturnidae

Common starling, Sturnus vulgaris

Motacillidae

American pipit, Anthus rubescens

Bombycillidae

Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

Parulidae

Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera
Tennessee warbler, Oreothlypis peregrina
Nashville warbler, Oreothlypis ruficapilla
Northern parula, Setophaga americana
Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia
Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica
Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia
Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina
Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens
Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea
Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata
Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia
American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla
Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus
Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia
Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas
Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis

Thraupidae

Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea

Emberizidae

American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea
Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca
Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia
Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii
Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana
White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis
White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis

Cardinalidae

Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus
Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea

Icteridae

Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus
Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna
Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus
Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula
Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater

Fringillidae

Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
Purple finch, Carpodacus purpureus
White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera
Common redpoll, Carduelis flammea
Pine siskin, Carduelis pinus
American goldenfinch, Carduelis tristis
Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus

References

Mont-Tremblant
Mont-Tremblant National Park
Birds
Birds


Samuel Crowell was a ship-captain and fur trader in the late 18th century on the Pacific Northwest Coast.  Crowell was master of the Hancock, a brig owned by Messrs. Crowell, Joseph Cordis of Charlestown and Edward Jones of Boston, according to Boston Ship Registers (Mary Malloy) which left Boston in November 1790 and arrived on the Northwest Coast in July of the following year, spending a good time of the season trading in the area of the Queen Charlotte Islands.  Crowell and his men built the first European-type vessel to be constructed on the Charlottes, a tender for the Hancock, doing so on Maast Island which lies off the native village of Masset.  Crowell and his vessel are believed to have been the first non-indigenous vessel to penetrate Masset Sound.  Crowell and the Hancock sailed to China in the fall of 1791 and, after selling her cargo of furs there, returned twice more to the Islands, in 1792 and 1793.

Crowell Rock, near Moresby Island in the southern Queen Charlottes, and Crowell Point, near Masset, are named after him. Hancock Point, also on southern Moresby, was named for his ship.

See also
Old China Trade

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
People from Boston
Haida Gwaii
18th-century Canadian people
Canadian fur traders
Pre-Confederation British Columbia people
Sea captains
18th-century Canadian businesspeople


A municipal election took place in Chile on October 26, 2008. The newly elected mayors and councilmen began their term on December 6, 2008.

Results

Mayoral election

Official and final results.

Councilmen election

Official and final results.

External links
  Electoral Service (Servel) - Final results (by candidate)
  Final results from the Ministry of Interior

References

2008 elections in Chile
Elections in Chile
October 2008 events in South America


Mirja Puhakka (born 30 April 1955 in Sippola) is a Finnish ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. She received an individual gold medal at the World Ski Orienteering Championships in Avesta in 1980, and again in Lavarone in 1984. She won the relay event in the 1980 World Championships with the Finnish team, and received silver medals in 1982 and in 1984.

See also
 Finnish orienteers
 List of orienteers
 List of orienteering events

References

1955 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kouvola
Finnish orienteers
Female orienteers
Ski-orienteers


Oluwasegun Atere (born 2 November 1985) is a Nigerian football midfielder currently playing for Giwa FC.

Career
He began his career with hometown Shooting Stars's feeder team in 2000 before joining the main team. In July 2003 he joined Jupiler League side K.A.A. Gent in a two-year deal. In January 2005, he moved to Belgian lower league team K.F.C. Evergem-Center on loan. He played 2 years and 6 months with the team before moving back to his home country and signing with Kwara United F.C. He signed with NPFL debutants Giwa FC in 2014.

International career
Atere played on the Golden Eaglets squad that won the African U-17 Championship gold medal in Seychelles in 2001. He was also on the national U-20 in 2002 while he was in El-Kanemi and was on the runner-up U-23 team at the 2003 All Africa games hosted by Nigeria.

References

1985 births
Living people
Nigerian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
K.A.A. Gent players
Kwara United F.C. players
El-Kanemi Warriors F.C. players
Yoruba sportspeople
Giwa F.C. players
Footballers from Ibadan


Postillon d'amour (Love's Messenger), Op. 317, is a polka-française composed by Johann Strauss II. It was written for the 1867 Vienna Carnival. The opening melodies of the work were used in Act One of the stage work Wiener Blut (Viennese Blood).

References

1867 compositions
Compositions by Johann Strauss II
Polkas


David Henderson New Zealand property developer based in Christchurch.

In 1994 he founded the libertarian magazine the Free Radical. He was also a student of Zenith Applied Philosophy, "It really sparked my interest. I found it greatly stimulating and inspiring, immensely so. They got a terribly bad name, a bad rap."

From 1992 to 1995 he was audited 27 times after claiming a GST refund and the Inland Revenue Department demanded he pay $NZ924,341 in taxes and penalties. He was charged with fraud, his business failed and he was bankrupted and had to sell his house. The IRD eventually conceded that he did not owe it $NZ924,341, and fraud charges against him were dropped. They also admitted that they owed him $NZ64,000.This experience led him to write a book Be Very Afraid: One Man's Stand Against the IRD.  In 2007 his story was made into a film by South Pacific Pictures, entitled We're Here To Help.

Henderson's company, Property Ventures Limited is undertook a number of developments including the billion dollar new town, Five Mile, in Queenstown.  This failed and the resulting site was known as "Hendo's hole"

In November 2007 saw the opening in Christchurch of a new style of hotel named HotelSO. This building, acquired by Henderson in 2004, was occupied by the Inland Revenue Department.

Applications were made in the High Court at Christchurch on 16 May 2008 to have Mr Henderson's Five Mile Holdings and Property Ventures placed in liquidation.

In early August 2008, the Christchurch City Council held a short-notice urgent meeting about sensitive central city property purchases, then on 8 August 2008 announced that it would buy five of Henderson's properties for approximately $NZ17 million. Henderson was to have first option to buy back the properties. This decision caused much civic controversy.

The High Court in Christchurch placed Henderson in bankruptcy on 29 November 2010.

Footnotes

References

External links
We're Here To Help
Property Ventures website
 Five Mile Town development
HotelSO website
Liquidation application
Christchurch City Council media release
Controversy over Christchurch City Council buyout

New Zealand businesspeople
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Christchurch


Lampropeltis triangulum gaigeae, commonly known as the black milk snake, is a non-venomous subspecies of milk snake. It is the largest known milk snake subspecies. Black milk snakes are found in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama.

Description

Hatchling black milk snakes are between 12 and 16 inches in length. They are red, black, and white or yellow as hatchlings. When they are between 6 and 10 months of age, the black milk snakes will begin to change colors, and start to turn black as they grow to adulthood. Adult black milk snakes average between 48 and 76 inches (4 feet – 6 feet 4 inches), but some have been known to grow up to 7 feet in length.

Geographic range

Black milk snakes are native to Costa Rica and Panama. They typically live in the wet, high mountain cloud forests at elevations between 5,000 and 7,400 feet in Costa Rica, and between 4,300–6,500 feet in Panama.

Diet
Black milk snakes typically eat mice, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates, reptile eggs, birds, and bird eggs in the wild.

Captivity
Black milk snakes can make excellent pets for many people. They are typically very hardy snakes in captivity. As hatchlings they will readily accept mice, and as adults may consume medium-sized rats. Since they dwell in high elevations in the wild, they do well with their temperatures between 72 and 78 degrees Fahrenheit. If they are kept at temperatures between 80 - 85 degrees, they metabolize their food much more quickly than other colubrids, and can become overweight very easily.

References

Lampropeltis
Snakes of Central America
Reptiles of Costa Rica


Computer cartography (also called digital cartography) is the art, science, and technology of making and using maps with a computer. This technology represents a paradigm shift in how maps are produced, but is still fundamentally a subset of traditional cartography. The primary function of this technology is to produce maps, including creation of accurate representations of a particular area such as, detailing major road arteries and other points of interest for navigation, and in the creation of thematic maps. Computer cartography is one of the main functions of geographic information systems (GIS), however, GIS is not necessary to facilitate computer cartography and has functions beyond just making maps. The first peer-reviewed publications on using computers to help in the cartographic process predate the introduction of full GIS by several years.

Computer cartography is employed to facilitate a variety of computer applications, often through integration with the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite network. This can allow real-time automated map generation for tasks such as  automotive navigation systems.

History

From paper to paperless

In the 1950, Waldo Tobler published a paper titled "Automation and Cartography" that established the first use case for computers as aids in cartography. In this paper, Tobler established what he referred to as a "map in–map out" (MIMO) system, which facilitated digitization of traditional maps, changing them, and reproducing them. The MIMO system, while simple, established the use of computers for map making in the literature and set the stage for more advanced Geographic information systems in later years by geographers such as Roger Tomlinson. The rapid acceleration that followed lead to a rapid paradigm shift in cartography, where traditional cartography was replaced by computer-aided cartography. This was predicted in 1985, when Mark Monmonier speculated in his book "Technological Transition in Cartography" that computer cartography facilitated by GIS would largely replace traditional pen and paper cartography. It is believed that the milestone of more maps created and distributed with computers was achieved sometime in the mid 1990s.

Expanded capabilities
Early digital maps had the same basic functionality as paper maps—that is, they provided a “virtual view” of roads generally outlined by the terrain encompassing the surrounding area. However, as digital maps have grown with the expansion of GPS technology in the past decade, live traffic updates, points of interest and service locations have been added to enhance digital maps to be more “user conscious." Traditional “virtual views” are now only part of digital mapping. In many cases, users can choose between virtual maps, satellite (aerial views), and hybrid (a combination of virtual map and aerial views) views. With the ability to update and expand digital mapping devices, newly constructed roads and places can be added to appear on maps. Three-dimensional maps of landscapes can be generated using 3D scanners or 3D reconstruction software.

Data collection
Digital maps heavily rely upon a vast amount of data collected over time. Most of the information that comprise digital maps is the culmination of satellite imagery as well as street level information. Maps must be updated frequently to provide users with the most accurate reflection of a location. While there is a wide spectrum on companies that specialize in digital mapping, the basic premise is that digital maps will accurately portray roads as they actually appear to give "life-like experiences."

Functionality and Use

Computer applications
Proprietary and non-proprietary computer programs and applications provide imagery and street-level map data for much of the world.

Scientific applications
The development of mobile computing  (PDAs, tablet PCs, laptops, etc.) has recently (since about 2000) spurred the use of digital mapping in the sciences and  applied sciences. , science fields that use digital mapping technology include geology (see Digital geologic mapping), engineering, architecture,  land surveying, mining, forestry,  environmental, and archaeology.

GPS navigation systems
The principal use by which digital mapping has grown in the past decade has been its connection to Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. GPS is the foundation behind digital mapping navigation systems.

How it works

The coordinates and position as well as atomic time obtained by a terrestrial GPS receiver from GPS satellites orbiting Earth interact together to provide the digital mapping programming with points of origin in addition to the destination points needed to calculate distance. This information is then analyzed and compiled to create a map that provides the easiest and most efficient way to reach a destination.
More technically speaking, the device operates in the following manner:
 GPS receivers collect data from at least four GPS satellites orbiting the Earth, calculating position in three dimensions.
 The GPS receiver then utilizes position to provide GPS coordinates, or exact points of latitudinal and longitudinal direction from GPS satellites.
 The points, or coordinates, output an accurate range between approximately "10-20 meters" of the actual location.
 The beginning point, entered via GPS coordinates, and the ending point, (address or coordinates) input by the user, are then entered into the digital mapping software.
 The mapping software outputs a real-time visual representation of the route. The map then moves along the path of the driver.
 If the driver drifts from the designated route, the navigation system will use the current coordinates to recalculate a route to the destination location.

See also
Cartography
Digital elevation model
Geographic information systems
Digital architecture
Digital geologic mapping
Simultaneous localization and mapping
Sound map

References

Digital mapping
Geodesy


Fabricio Jonathan Guevara Cangá (born February 16, 1989) is an Ecuadorian footballer currently playing for Club Deportivo El Nacional.

International career
On November 12, 2008, he was called up to play a friendly match against Mexico. He came on as a substitute on one of the last minutes of the game.

Honours

National team
 Ecuador U-20
 Pan American Games: Gold Medal

External links
http://www.elnacional.ec/index.php?module=Standings&func=displayplayer&cid=19&sid=24&pid=109

1989 births
Living people
People from Quinindé Canton
Men's association football wingers
Ecuadorian men's footballers
C.D. El Nacional footballers
L.D.U. Loja footballers
Ecuador men's international footballers
Pan American Games competitors for Ecuador
Footballers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
Pan American Games gold medalists for Ecuador
Pan American Games medalists in football
21st-century Ecuadorian people


Joseph T. Owens (November 8, 1946 – June 9, 2013) was an American football defensive end in the National Football League. He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the 9th round of the 1969 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alcorn State University.

Owens also played for the San Diego Chargers and Houston Oilers.

References

1946 births
2013 deaths
People from Columbia, Mississippi
Players of American football from Mississippi
American football defensive ends
Alcorn State Braves football players
San Diego Chargers players
New Orleans Saints players
Houston Oilers players


Bayer 04 Leverkusen II was the reserve team of German football club Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Until 2005, the team played as Bayer 04 Leverkusen Amateure.

The team has qualified for the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, on eight occasions, but never advanced beyond the first round. Before being withdrawn from competition at the end of the 2013–14 season the team played in the tier four Regionalliga West.

History
Bayer 04 Leverkusen Amateure first entered the highest football league in the Middle Rhine region, the Verbandsliga Mittelrhein, in 1978 and won the league in its fourth season there, in 1981. The team spent the next seventeen seasons in the tier-three Oberliga Nordrhein, gradually improving its results. In 1994 the Regionalliga was established as the new third tier of German football and the team won promotion to this level after an Oberliga championship in 1998.

Bayer Leverkusen Amateure became a yo-yo team between the Regionalliga and Oberliga, winning promotion to the former in 1998, 2001 and 2005 but suffering relegation again each time, in 2000, 2003 and 2007. It became a more permanent member of the Regionalliga when the Oberliga Nordrhein was disbanded in 2008 and the Regionalliga West established, with the team entering the latter league.

The team spent its last six seasons from 2008 to 2014 in the tier-four Regionalliga West, where its best result was an eighth place in its last season there.

The team also qualified for the DFB-Pokal eight times, in 1981–82, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1996–97, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2003–04 and 2007–08, but never advanced past the first round.

In 2014 a change in the regulations by the Deutsche Fußball Liga regarding reserve teams meant that such sides, in the form of under-23 teams, were not compulsory anymore for Bundesliga and 2nd Bundesliga clubs. Following this change, some reserve teams were withdrawn from competition, among them Eintracht Frankfurt II, FSV Frankfurt II and Bayer 04 Leverkusen II. Bayer 04 Leverkusen had requested the change as it did not see much potential for reserve team players in the Regionalliga to break through to the Bundesliga side and wanted to focus on its under-17 and under-19 sides instead and to loan out young players.

Honours
The team's honours:
Oberliga Nordrhein
 Champions: (3) 1998, 2001, 2005
 Runners-up: 2008
Verbandsliga Mittelrhein
 Champions: 1981
Middle Rhine Cup
 Winners: (5) 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007

Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:

 With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. In 2000 all clubs from the disbanded Regionalliga West/Südwest from North Rhine-Westphalia joint the Regionalliga Nord, in 2008 these clubs left the league again to join the new Regionalliga West.

Stadium
The team used to play their home game at Ulrich-Haberland-Stadion, Platz 11, next to the club's main stadium, with a capacity of 3,200.

Players

Squad

References

External links
 Official club website
 Bayer 04 Leverkusen II at Weltfussball.de

Bayer 04 Leverkusen
North Rhine-Westphalia reserve football teams
German reserve football teams
Association football clubs disestablished in 2014


Pepa Milusheva (Pepa Miloucheva) (Bulgarian: Пепа Милушева) is a Bulgarian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. She won a gold medal in the classic distance at the World Ski Orienteering Championships in Val di Non in 1994, before Virpi Juutilainen. She finished 4th in the short distance, and 5th in the relay event with the Bulgarian team in 1994.

She has been head coach of the Craftsbury Nordic Ski Club in Craftsbury Common, Vermont, since 1998.  During this time she also worked as a massage therapist and fleet manager at the Craftsbury Outdoor Center.  When the center was bought in 2008 and turned into a non-profit, the Center began supporting a post-collegiate cross-country racing team, named the Craftsbury Green Racing Project.  Pepa is now also head coach of this team, and no longer works as massage therapist or fleet manager at the center.

She also was a junior champion at ping pong. When she was 12, she won a national championship in ping pong in her home country of Bulgaria.

See also
 Bulgarian orienteers
 List of orienteers
 List of orienteering events

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Bulgarian orienteers
Female orienteers
Ski-orienteers


Bob Smiley (born June 28, 1977 in Ventura, California) is an American TV/film writer-producer and partner in the Humble Picture Company. He is a Writers Guild of America-award winner for his work in kids' TV and the author of two books, the 2008 memoir Follow the Roar  and the 2012 novel Don't Mess with Travis. He has also been a contributing writer to espn.com.

TV career
Smiley is a writer and producer on the Netflix series Atypical. Before that, he executive produced the Disney Channel pilot Forever Boys. He has also written for Yes, Dear on CBS, The Haunted Hathaways on Nickelodeon, and Puppy Dog Pals on Disney Junior.

Humble Picture Company
In 2016, Smiley founded the Humble Picture Company with writer Grant Nieporte. Their inaugural producing project is a film adaptation of the book Hope Heals.

Follow The Roar
In 2008, Smiley followed Tiger Woods from the gallery for the entirety of Woods' season and wrote a memoir about the adventure. Smiley came up with the idea after following Tiger for the second round of the Target World Challenge in December 2007. Smiley wrote an article for espn.com about the round, in which Tiger shot a tournament-record 62.

External links

Humble Picture Company

References

1977 births
Living people
American male screenwriters
People from Ventura, California
American bloggers
Screenwriters from California
American male bloggers
21st-century American screenwriters


Post-evangelicalism is a movement of former adherents of evangelicalism, sometimes linked with the emerging church phenomenon, but including a variety of people who have distanced themselves from mainstream evangelical Christianity for theological, political, or cultural reasons. Most who describe themselves as post-evangelical are still adherents of the Christian faith in some form.

Origin of the term
While the origin of the term post-evangelical is uncertain, it was brought into broad usage by Dave Tomlinson and through his 1995 book of the same name.  Tomlinson has said that he first heard the term from a friend, although he "suspect[ed] the term had entered our consciousness surreptitiously a couple of years earlier."  In his usage of the term, Tomlinson argues that evangelicalism is a response to modernism, no longer appropriate in a post modern world.

Criticisms of evangelicalism

Some post-evangelical criticisms of the evangelical church include but are not limited to:
 Individualism, pursuit of tangible success as a sign of spiritual maturity, and a consequently underdeveloped ecclesiology
 Politicization of Christian doctrine; "theologization" of political ideology
 Ethnocentric, especially Americentric, bias in theology, often in conjunction with nationalistic or exceptionalist politics
 General lack of positive engagement with the social and natural sciences, music, art, philosophy, news media, and other expressions of culture
 Materialist and consumerist lifestyles, as well as the strong promotion of capitalist economics and neoconservative (in the United States, Republican) politics as quasi-religious obligations due to the influence of the Christian right
 Strong opposition from Reformational traditions, particularly Calvinism, to developments in biblical theology (such as the New Perspective on Paul)
 Denominationalism and resistance to ecumenical efforts

Other definitions
Christianity Today explains that post-evangelicals have become willingly disassociated with the mainstream evangelical belief system over difficulties with any combination of at least the following issues:
Questions over biblical inerrancy. Questions may relate to the biblical record of history, contradictions between scientific and scriptural explanations of the nature of the universe and humanity (e.g., the origin of the universe, homosexuality) or the discrepancies in descriptions of the personality of God in the different books of the Bible. Shrouding these issues are considerations about how the cultural understandings and linguistical limitations of the written word have influenced the way Scripture has been recorded and used.
Jesus versus Paul - Some post-evangelicals express concern over the role that the Apostle Paul of Tarsus played in the formation of the earliest Christian Church.
The moral failure of prominent evangelical leaders.
Many post-evangelicals have come of age during times of increasing multi-cultural awareness in Western society. They are presented with the educational lessons of the validity of all cultures and necessity for a pluralistic world-view. Tension exists between religious pluralism and the evangelical message of Christianity.
Questions of the role of women in church and society and the model of Christian marriage as taught in many evangelical churches.

Publications

Publications identifying as post-evangelical include Recovering Evangelical, an online news and opinion portal for "evangelicals, post-evangelicals and those outside the church who still like Jesus", the blog Internet Monk, and Patrol Magazine.

Dave Tomlinson's book The Post Evangelical and Graham Cray's The Post Evangelical Debate are useful texts for understanding the movement and the debate surrounding it. See also David Gushee's book, After Evangelicalism: The Path to a New Christianity

See also

 Atonement in Christianity
 Constructive theology
 New Monasticism
 Open evangelical
 Paleo-orthodoxy
 Postdenominationalism
 Postliberal theology

External links

 Post-Evangelical Collective

References

Christian terminology
Evangelical movement
Christianity in the late modern period


"Milk and Alcohol" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood that reached number nine in the UK Singles Chart in 1979. Written by Nick Lowe and Gypie Mayo, and produced by Richard Gottehrer, the song was Dr. Feelgood's biggest hit and continues to be played by the band.

History
"Milk and Alcohol", written in 1978 by Nick Lowe and John "Gypie" Mayo, reportedly retells Lowe's 1970s experiences drinking one too many Kahlúa-milk drinks at or after a United States concert by bluesman John Lee Hooker.  However, while the song anonymously criticises Hooker ("Main attraction dead on his feet, Black man rhythm with a white boy beat"), ironically it was inspired by Hooker's own lyric about "milk, cream and alcohol". The song was recorded in 1978 and first appeared on Private Practice, an album by Dr. Feelgood that was released in October 1978. The heavy riffs on "Milk and Alcohol" were added by Mayo, a guitarist who replaced Wilko Johnson in 1978, after Johnson left the band as a result of an argument over the recording of Dr. Feelgood's fourth album, Sneakin' Suspicion (1977).

"Milk and Alcohol" was released as a single, on United Artists, in January 1979. The vinyl material of the single record was issued in the three colours of black, white and brown, with the white and brown meant to call to mind white milk and brown alcohol. The outline of a Kahlúa bottle appears on the record sleeve. The background around the bottle on the different record sleeves was varied to match the vinyl colour.

The song reached the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart in the same month it was released. The track reached number nine in the UK chart, and spent nine weeks in the listing. Capitalising on the notoriety the song brought, the band presented "Milk and Alcohol" live to audiences around the world in 1979, including in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the Middle East, Russia and the United States.

The song is in the key of C major, and has a tempo of 168. Like many other Dr Feelgood songs, it has a shuffle feel and a short guitar solo after the second chorus.

Impact
"Milk and Alcohol" was the band's fourth hit single in the United Kingdom, and their only top 10 single on the UK Singles Chart. For much of the 1970s, the musical world was perceived as being dominated by "fey glam-rockers and 15-minute Mellotron solos." When "Milk and Alcohol" was played in the pubs of Canvey Island in the late 1970s, the song came across as a radical departure that contributed to "a short, sharp shock of roots rock." For a while, the song led to some drinking both alcohol and milk while listening to Dr. Feelgood perform live.

In April 1989, a re-recorded version titled "Milk and Alcohol (New Recipe)" was issued by EMI in both 7" vinyl ((EM 89) with "She's Got Her Eyes on You" as the B-side); and 12" vinyl ((12 EM 89) with "She's Got Her Eyes on You" and "Mad Man Blues" on the B-side). Both songs were later released on the "Rarities" disc of their Looking Back compilation album.

In 1997, "Milk and Alcohol" continued to be played by the band while making the rounds of the world's pubs, clubs and concert halls. However, by 2003, "Milk and Alcohol" was seen as a "forgotten gem".  With the band continuing to present the song in concerts, the music community regained respect for the song. In 2005, the band's biggest hit was being called a "classic." In that same year, "Milk and Alcohol" was considered by the music magazine Q in its compilation of the top ten cigarettes and alcohol songs for the ultimate soundtrack to a drinking session, but lost out to the 1987 song "Nightrain" by the American rock band, Guns N' Roses. Mayo's guitar performance on "Milk and Alcohol", which ranked as number four on a 2005 list of the top ten great British guitar heroes, was cited in that same listing for waking "a generation of guitarists up to the sheer power and energy" of the guitar.

More than four decades after reaching the UK's top ten, "Milk and Alcohol" continues to be a popular choice for the band during its concerts.

References

External links

Song lyrics at Drfeelgood.de

1978 songs
1979 singles
Music in Southend-on-Sea
Songs written by Nick Lowe
Dr. Feelgood (band) songs
Songs about alcohol
Song recordings produced by Richard Gottehrer
United Artists Records singles


The 1993 German Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 87th Hamburg Masters, and was part of the ATP Championship Series, Single Week category of the 1993 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from 3 May through 10 May 1993. Sixth-seeded Michael Stich won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Michael Stich defeated  Andrei Chesnokov, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4
It was Stich's second title of the year, and his ninth overall. It was his first Masters title of the year, and overall.

Doubles

 Paul Haarhuis /  Mark Koevermans defeated  Grant Connell /  Patrick Galbraith, 7–6, 6–4

References

External links

 ATP tournament profile

ATP
ATP German Open
Hamburg European Open


The 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group 9 was a UEFA qualifying group for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The group comprised Albania, England, Finland, Germany and Greece.

The group was won by England, who qualified for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The runners-up, Germany — who would later reach the final of the tournament proper — entered the UEFA Qualification Playoffs.

England started the qualification process badly, a home defeat to Germany and an away draw with Finland (soon after a poor team performance at the 2000 European Championships) saw the resignation of their manager Kevin Keegan, and the appointment of Sven-Goran Eriksson - the first non-Englishman to be given the job - in his place.  With the new manager, they picked themselves up and won five in a row, while the Germans themselves unexpectedly faltered: also drawing with Finland away from home, they also lost their home match with England by a resounding 5–1.  Finland, in fact, might have been in with a chance of qualification themselves, but they lost a match to the unfancied Greece - whom England had to play in their final match, while Finland played Germany at the same time, with England and Germany guaranteed the top two places and separated only by goal difference. Greece unexpectedly took the lead twice at Old Trafford, and England were only rescued by an injury-time free-kick goal from Beckham to tie the score at 2-2:  in the Germany-Finland match, the news of England's result came through at full-time, but they could only draw 0-0 themselves, England taking the top place on goal difference.

Standings

Results

Goalscorers

6 goals

 Michael Owen

4 goals

 Mikael Forssell

3 goals

 David Beckham
 Aki Riihilahti
 Michael Ballack

2 goals

 Paul Scholes
 Jari Litmanen
 Sebastian Deisler
 Carsten Jancker
 Miroslav Klose
 Marko Rehmer
 Angelos Charisteas

1 goal

 Alban Bushi
 Ervin Fakaj
 Bledar Kola
 Edvin Murati
 Altin Rraklli
 Andy Cole
 Robbie Fowler
 Steven Gerrard
 Emile Heskey
 Teddy Sheringham
 Joonas Kolkka
 Shefki Kuqi
 Teemu Tainio
 Marco Bode
 Dietmar Hamann
 Mehmet Scholl
 Georgios Georgiadis
 Georgios Karagounis
 Nikos Liberopoulos
 Nikos Machlas
 Themistoklis Nikolaidis

References

External links
FIFA official page
RSSSF - 2002 World Cup Qualification
Allworldcup

9
2000–01 in English football
Qual
2000–01 in German football
Qual
2000–01 in Greek football
2001–02 in Greek football
2000–01 in Albanian football
2001–02 in Albanian football
2000 in Finnish football
2001 in Finnish football


Dangerous Touch is a 1994 American erotic thriller film directed by Lou Diamond Phillips (in his directorial debut) and written by Kurt Voss and Phillips. It stars Phillips and Kate Vernon. It was released direct-to-video on October 12, 1994.

The main themes of the film are blackmail and amateur pornography. A female radio host has an ill-advised sexual relationship with a hustler. He has videotaped their sexual encounters, and threatens to publicize them.

Plot

Radiotherapist Amanda Grace's life turns hellish after she becomes involved with young hustler Mick Burroughs. Mick seduces the radio host to get hold of a file she has on a criminal who also happens to be one of her patients. Soon, the two are having steamy, erotic encounters that include kinky sex. But she gets so caught up in their relationship that she leaves herself wide open to Mick's treachery. Amanda finds her entire career in jeopardy when Mick blackmails her and threatens to show everyone an incriminating videotape of them having sex, which also involved a female prostitute if she doesn't do whatever he says.

Cast
Kate Vernon as Amanda Grace
Lou Diamond Phillips as Mick Burroughs
Andrew Divoff as Johnnie
Tom Dugan as Freddie
Max Gail as Jasper Stone
Ira Heiden as Benny
Karla Montana as Maria
Monique Parent as Nicole
Mitch Pileggi as Vince
Adam Roarke as Robert Turner
Berlinda Tolbert as Sasha T

Production
Kate Vernon admits she passed on the project "the first time I saw the script because the material was so erotic and strong it frightened me. I hadn't done any major sex scenes before, and I just said no." Later she said yes - after being assured by Lou Diamond Phillips that the sexual content and the nudity would be handled artistically."

References

External links

1994 films
1990s erotic thriller films
1994 directorial debut films
1994 direct-to-video films
American erotic thriller films
Trimark Pictures films
Films scored by Terry Plumeri
Films about radio people
Films about pornography
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


Jonathon Harry "Clem" Beddow (born October 1885, deceased) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire. He played for Trent Rovers, Burton United, Manchester United and Burnley.

Football career
Beddow started his career in amateur football with Trent Rovers before joining Football League Second Division side Burton United in 1904. After making 21 league appearances and scoring twice for Burton during the 1904–05 season, he signed for rival Second Division club Manchester United in February 1905. Beddow made his debut for the club on 25 February 1905 in the goalless draw away at Barnsley. He scored his first goal for Manchester United in the 6–0 win against Doncaster Rovers on 1 April 1905 at Old Trafford. During the 1905–06 season he netted 11 goals, including a hat-trick against Grimsby Town in the 5–0 victory on 6 January 1906. Beddow also scored a hat-trick the following week as United progressed to the Second Round of the FA Cup with a 7–2 home win over non-League outfit Staple Hill.

The three goals in the FA Cup tie turned out to be Beddow's last for Manchester United. Following the side's promotion to the First Division for the 1906–07 season, he played only sparingly. In July 1907 he returned to the Second Division, joining Burnley on a free transfer. Beddow played his first competitive game for his new club in the first match of the 1907–08 season, a 0–5 defeat away to West Bromwich Albion. The following week, he scored twice as Burnley secured a 3–1 win against Stoke at Turf Moor. After losing his place in the team for a short period, Beddow netted twice on his return as Burnley won 3–2 away at Barnsley on 19 October. During November, he scored in consecutive matches against Grimsby Town and Oldham Athletic. However, he was dropped for the game against Stockport County on 14 December in favour of young William Short, making his senior debut. Beddow did not appear again for Burnley that season, unable to displace first Alex Leake and later Frederick Whittaker from the starting eleven.

Beddow struggled to force his way back into the first team in the 1908–09 campaign, making just two league appearances without scoring. The following season, he was used only once, selected at right outside forward ahead of Jonathan Morley for the visit of Hull City on 8 September 1909. However, Burnley were beaten by a single goal and youngster George Clarke was picked for the next match, and Beddow left the club shortly afterwards.

References

External links
MUFCInfo.com profile

1885 births
Footballers from Burton upon Trent
Men's association football forwards
English men's footballers
Burton United F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
English Football League players
Year of death missing


Net Nanny is a content-control software suite marketed primarily towards parents as a way to monitor and control their child's computer and phone activity.

Features
The original version of Net Nanny released in 1994 was a web browser that could filter web and IRC content, block images, and mask profanity. Modern versions allow complete remote administration of child devices through a web portal or parent applications. Some of the features offered are:

 Allow or block usage of child devices using ad-hoc controls or through a schedule
 Monitor and block Internet content in various categories
Create custom blacklists and whitelists for websites
 Track search engine usage, enforce safe search, and receive warnings for flagged words
 Place daily time limits on device use
 Monitor and allow/block applications installed on devices
 Track the location of mobile devices
Apply different rules for individual children

Web pages (including dynamic pages) are blocked by content rather than URL, even over HTTPS. This prevents children from accessing blocked websites through proxies.

History
Net Nanny was designed, created and founded by Gordon Ross in 1994 in Vancouver and moved to Bellevue, Washington in 2000. He became inspired to create an internet protection service for children, families and organizations, after viewing a sting operation on a pedophile soliciting a child online. In 1998, the company expanded its offerings beyond family protection when it launched BioPassword, a bio metric security access system based on technology it acquired from Stanford University. On November 14, 2002, Net Nanny filed for bankruptcy and was sold to BioNet Systems, LLC, a maker of bio metric security software in Issaquah, Washington. LookSmart Ltd, a commercial web search company based in San Francisco acquired Net Nanny for $5.3 million in stock and cash in April 2004.

In January 2007, Net Nanny was purchased by ContentWatch Inc and moved to Salt Lake City. The product line was expanded to include security and business-oriented solutions. Mobile browsers for iOS and Android were released in June 2012 at the Consumer Electronics Show. These also allowed parents to monitor and manage the applications on the phone. In 2013, Net Nanny Social was launched to allow parents to monitor their children's social media activity and to protect against cyber bullying, cyber stalking, grooming by sexual predators, and the spread of sensitive images and videos. Features were added to the desktop applications to help adults who wanted their internet content filtered. In May 2014, the Brooklyn Public Library chose Net Nanny to filter content and applications on its Android tablets to ensure compliance with the Children's Internet Protection Act.

Zift, a digital parenting company, acquired Net Nanny from ContentWatch in 2016 and moved most operations to Philadelphia. In May 2019, Zift's applications were rebranded and launched as Net Nanny 10 for all supported platforms. In 2021, Net Nanny merged with SafeToNet, a British cyber-safety company headquartered in London.

Reception
Net Nanny was rated first by TopTenReviews.com in "Internet Filter Software" and fourth in "Parental Control Software" in 2017. PCMag also posted an online review stating that "Net Nanny is fully at home in the modern, multi-device world of parental control, and it still has the best content filtering around.".

See also
List of content-control software
CYBERsitter

References

External links
NetNanny - Official Website

Content-control software
Internet safety
1995 software


John Thomas Allan (born 16 January 1883) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. He played for Bishop Auckland and Manchester United.

External links
MUFCInfo.com profile

1883 births
Year of death unknown
English men's footballers
Bishop Auckland F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
English Football League players
Men's association football forwards

Footballers from South Shields


The sea-level curve (also known as the eustatic curve) is the representation of the changes of the sea level relative to present day mean sea level as gleaned from the stratigraphic record throughout the geological history.

The first such curve is the Vail curve or Exxon curve. The names of the curve refer to the fact that in 1977 a team of Exxon geologists from Esso Production Research headed by Peter Vail published a monograph on seismic stratigraphic principles and global (eustati)) sea-level changes. Their sea-level curve was based on seismic and biostratigraphic data accumulated during petroleum exploration.

The Vail curve (and the monograph itself) was the subject of debate among geologists, because it was based on undisclosed commercially confidential stratigraphic data, and hence not independently verifiable. Because of this, there were later efforts to establish a sea-level curve based on non-commercial, public domain data from outcrops exposed on land and thus verifiable by other reserchers.

In 1987–1988 a revised eustatic sea-level curve for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras was published in Science magazine, now known as the Haq et al sea-level curve, in reference to the marine geologist/oceanographer Bilal Haq

Bilal Haq and Stephen Schutter later published the Paleozoic sea-level curve in 2008 also in Science. Subsequent revisions of the Mesozoic eustatic sea-level curve have been published by Haq for the Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic, respectively in 2014, 2017, and 2018. Haq and his co-workers have now completed the sea-level history of the entire Phanerozoic Eon.

References

See also
Sea level rise
Sea level change
Past changes in sea level
Marine terrace

Sea level
ExxonMobil


The 1992 German Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 86th edition of the Hamburg Masters (Hamburg Masters), and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1992 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from 4 May until 11 May 1992. First-seeded Stefan Edberg won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Stefan Edberg defeated  Michael Stich 5–7, 6–4, 6–1,
It was Stefan Edberg's 1st title of the year, and his 35th overall. It was his 1st Masters title of the year, and his 4th overall.

Doubles

 Sergio Casal /  Emilio Sánchez defeated  Carl-Uwe Steeb /  Michael Stich 5–7, 6–4, 6–3

References

External links

 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile

German Open
Hamburg European Open
ATP German Open


Thomas Percy Homer (April 1886 – ?) was an English footballer who played as a forward. Born in Winson Green, Warwickshire. He played for Soho Caledonians, Erdington, Aston Villa, Stourbridge, Kidderminster Harriers and Manchester United.

External links
Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
Profile at MUFCInfo.com

1886 births
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Aston Villa F.C. players
Stourbridge F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Year of death missing
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands


Earlie Bee Thomas (December 11, 1945 – July 3, 2022) was an American football cornerback in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the New York Jets in the 11th round of the 1970 NFL Draft. He played college football at Colorado State.

Born in Denton, Texas, Thomas also played for the Denver Broncos.

References

External links
New York Jets bio

1945 births
2022 deaths
Players of American football from Denton, Texas
American football cornerbacks
Colorado State Rams football players
New York Jets players
Denver Broncos players


Knut Stefan Anderson (born 26 December 1878, Enköping, Sweden; died 8 May 1966, Ludvika) was a Swedish industrialist, journalist and master craftsman clockmaker/watchmaker decorated with badges of chivalric orders by the Kings of Sweden, Denmark and Norway and the President of Finland. He was the son of August T. Anderson and Hildegard von Reis and began to learn watchmaking in 1892 at age 13 in Norrköping.

From 1910 to 1953 he wrote regular articles in trade papers and was also their editor, often using the pseudonym Stander.

Anderson was instrumental in organizing watchmakers and craftsmen into permanent trade organizations in Scandinavia and Germany, which he then led as CEO in terms of service lasting for decades. He is considered by some the most important industrial organizer in his field in the history of his country and in 1971 had a watchmaker's college named for him in Borensberg.

Ludvika Town Hall has a clock designed and installed by Anderson in its tower since the building was dedicated in 1938 (mechanism replaced in 2004).

The well-known quality classification Stjärnurmakarna for Swedish watchmakers and merchants was originally registered and protected by Anderson, who also in 1944 created a specially designed insurance policy for them, and since 1952 a Swedish gold medal for contributions to watchmaking bears Anderson's likeness and name.

Anderson married Ragnhild Sandberg of Ludvika in 1907. Of their five children one son was Swedish senator , a daughter was singer Birgit Ridderstedt and a grandson is photographer Mattias Klum.

References
 Hantverk och samhälle a collection of essays about Anderson by Gerhard Nilsson, Axel Gjöres, Jan-Otto Modig, Stig Stefanson, Carl Hernmarck, Kari Reenpää & 2 others; Esselte, Stockholm, 1949 (Swedish 133 p.)

External links

 Find A Grave "Famous" memorial

1878 births
1966 deaths
People from Enköping Municipality
Swedish industrialists
Swedish watchmakers (people)
Swedish clockmakers
Commanders of the Order of Vasa
20th-century Swedish male writers


Walk Amongst the Living is the fourth album by British synthpop band Blue October.

Track listing

 The Miracle's Gone
 City Lights
 Let Me See
 All is Said and Done
 Tears of Silvery Rain
 Taking on this Love
 Ascension
 The Girl from Ohio
 What's on Your Mind?
 Spinning on the Fullstop
 Non Compos Mentis
 People are Strange
 Beautiful Skin

Personnel
 Ross Carter: Vocals
 Glen Wisbey: Keyboards, programming
 Chris Taubert: Keyboards, sampling
 Nic Johnston: Guitars
 Bob Malkowski : Additional drums and percussion
 Millie Blue: Backing vocals on "Spinning on the Fullstop"

2008 albums
Blue October (British band) albums


Arthur Warburton (10 September 1909 – 13 May 1972) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Bury, Greater Manchester. He played for Sedgley Park, Manchester United, Burnley, Nelson, Fulham and Queens Park Rangers, as well as guesting for several clubs during the Second World War.

 He also played rugby.

References

External links
MUFCInfo.com profile

1909 births
1972 deaths
English men's footballers
Manchester United F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Nelson F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. wartime guest players
Footballers from Bury, Greater Manchester
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Men's association football forwards


The 1991 German Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 85th edition of the Hamburg Masters (Hamburg Masters), and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1991 ATP Tour. It took place at the Rothenbaum Tennis Center in Hamburg, Germany, from 6 May until 13 May 1991. Karel Nováček, who was seeded 13th,  won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Karel Nováček defeated  Magnus Gustafsson, 6–3, 6–3, 5–7, 0–6, 6–1
It was Karel Nováček's 2nd title of the year, and his 5th overall. It was his 1st Masters title of the year, and overall.

Doubles

 Sergio Casal /  Emilio Sánchez defeated  Cássio Motta /  Danie Visser, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2

References

External links

 ATP tournament profile
 ITF tournament edition details

German Open
Hamburg European Open
ATP German Open


"Something in the Air" is a song by Thunderclap Newman.

Something in the Air may also refer to:

Film and television
Something in the Air (2002 film), a Brazilian film directed by Helvécio Ratton
Something in the Air (2012 film), a French film directed by Olivier Assayas
Something in the Air (TV series), an Australian soap opera

Music
Something in the Air (album) or the title song, by Lila McCann, 1999
"Something in the Air", a song by David Bowie from Hours
"Something in the Air", a song by Information Society from Information Society


The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) had two classes of steam locomotive identified as Experiment Class:

 LNWR Webb Experiment Class of the 1880s, by Francis Webb
 LNWR Whale Experiment Class, 4-6-0 1905- by George Whale

Also, there was the Experiment Goods, LNWR 19in Express Goods Class of 1906


George Bissett (25 January 1896 – 1946) was a Scottish footballer who played as a forward, most notably for Manchester United and Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Career
Born in Cowdenbeath, Bissett played for Glencraig Thistle and Third Lanark in his native Scotland before moving to Manchester United in 1919. He made his Football League debut on 15 November 1919 in a 1–0 loss at Burnley and remained at Old Trafford for two years, scoring 10 goals in 42 appearances.

In November 1921, he transferred to Wolverhampton Wanderers, where he made his debut on 3 December 1921 in a 2–0 win at Port Vale. He remained a first choice player for the remainder of the season, scoring nine times in 29 games. However, the appointment of George Jobey as manager during the 1922–23 season saw Bissett's opportunities decline and he featured only sporadically in that campaign.

He left to join Welsh League club Pontypridd in January 1924, but moved to Southend United four months later before retiring in 1926. He died in 1946.

References

External links
MUFCInfo.com profile

1896 births
1946 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
English Football League players
Manchester United F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Third Lanark A.C. players
Footballers from Cowdenbeath
Pontypridd F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Glencraig Celtic F.C. players