Redemption Song is an American reality television show that aired on Fuse TV. The show, hosted by Chris Jericho, was a competition among eleven women for a recording contract with Geffen Records. The series ran from October 29, 2008 to December 19, 2008. The first episode was posted online on the Fuse website and on various cable on-demand services one week before the premiere. The winner was Alecia "Mixi" Demner.

Background
The series was based on 11 women whose goals were to become musicians. Becoming a part of the show, they have another chance to win the opportunity of receiving a legitimate music recording contract. The women competed against each other for the right to advance in the competition and ultimately be the winner. Mauli B, who is a vocal coach, helped the contestants become better at singing. The 11 contestants for the reality show were Angelica, Elisa, Esther, Farah, Jazmin, Joie, Kededra, Kendra, Mixi, Nyia, and Toni. The last names of the contestants were later released to the public. The winner would receive a contract to work with Geffen Records, a record label owned by Universal Music Group.

The host of the show was Chris Jericho who is also a professional wrestler best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment and the lead singer of rock band Fozzy. ZigZag Production partnered up with Fuse Network to create the production of the series. According to AfterEllen, Joie is a bisexual and Nyia is a lesbian.

Contestants

In order of elimination
(ages stated are at time of contest)
Toni Espacido, 25, from Phoenix, Arizona
Nyia Webb, 29, from Las Vegas, Nevada
Elisa Jordana, 23, from Old Bridge, New Jersey
Kendra Morris, 27, from St. Petersburg, Florida
Kededra Michelle Holmes, 23, from Coatesville, Pennsylvania
Esther Kanada, 30, from Somerville, New Jersey
Joie Giordano, 22, from Queens, New York
Farah Belazario, 26, from Queens, New York
Jazmin Conte , 21, from Toms River, New Jersey
Angelica Chitwood, 21, from Plymouth, Minnesota (Runner-Up)
Alecia "Mixi" Demner, 25, from Orlando, Florida (Winner)

Elimination chart
From the Top 11 to the present week, the bottom three was announced with the winner of that week's challenge being given the power to save a contestant from the bottom three. Chris then reveals which of the two left standing are going home by stating that they have been "dropped from the label" and snapping the record in their sleeve in half. The exception to this was Top 10 week, in which the person going home (Nyia) wasn't in the bottom three. She chose to quit the show and snapped her own album in two, thus giving a bottom four for that week. In the Top 8 week, Kendra did the same thing and eliminated herself as well. As of the week of Top 6, the bottom three announcement is not in effect. The week of Top 3 was the finale, and Mixi was the one declared the winner. After the season finale episode, Mixi's new music video, "I Miss Those Days (Ghost)", were shown during rolling credits, and it became available one day before the airing of the finale on iTunes. The reunion episode of the cast members of the show, also hosted by Jericho, originally aired on December 19, 2008.

 Green indicates the contestant was the winner of Redemption Song.
 Yellow indicates the contestant was the runner-up of Redemption Song.
 Blue indicates the contestant won the elimination challenge.
 Pink indicates the contestant who was in the bottom 3 but was saved by the challenge winner from elimination.
 Orange indicates the contestant who was in the bottom 2 and was not eliminated.
 Purple indicates the contestant quit the competition.
 Tomato indicates the contestant was eliminated from the competition.

Top 11: Jazmin won the challenge and thus the only contestant safe. Kendra, Elisa and Toni were the bottom three. Since Jazmin won the challenge, she had the choice of choosing one of the bottom three to be safe from elimination. She chose Kendra, leaving Elisa and Toni up for elimination. The judges decided to send Toni home. Many of the women, including Elisa, expressed disapproval of this decision and thought Elisa was the one being eliminated.

Top 10: Angelica won the challenge, and the bottom three was Kendra (making her second consecutive appearance), Jazmin, and Esther. At elimination, Jazmin called Angelica out on various topics, such as what Angelica said earlier regarding some of the previous contestants. Despite this, Angelica saved Jazmin. As Chris was going to announce which of the bottom two would go home, Nyia, who had been upset throughout the competition from being away from her kids, dropped out. Chris revealed that Kendra would've been the one going home. During the challenge, former NSYNC member Chris Kirkpatrick served as a member of the judging panel.

Top 9: Angelica won her second consecutive challenge and chose to save Kededra, whom everyone agreed finally showed a sense of vulnerability. Unlike the past two eliminations, there was minimal drama at this elimination challenge, with Elisa graciously leaving the show. Joe Slaughter made a special appearance as a choreographer. Former WWE Divas Mickie James, Maryse, Eve Torres and Candice Michelle also made special appearances.

Top 8: Joie won the main challenge, making Angelica upset about not winning the challenge for the third consecutive time. Kendra (making her third appearance in four weeks), Kededra (making her second consecutive appearance), and Esther (making her second appearance) were the bottom three. Jericho announced that there would be two eliminations. Before Joie would choose whom to save from elimination, Kendra claimed that the judges from throughout the competition hated her image and dropped herself from the contest, despite her and Mixi winning a challenge earlier in the competition. Jericho said that "it pissed him off". Joie decides to save Esther, thus eliminating Kededra. Mýa served as a replacement host for partial of the episode.

Top 6: The main challenge was to see which individual out of a group that's been assigned to two groups, each with three members, stood out the most. Mixi and Joie were the ones who did well the most, though it was Mixi who won the whole challenge, thus saving herself from elimination. However, Joie would be safe from elimination as well. As of this time, all remaining contestants are up for elimination without being saved by the winner. Out of the four up for elimination, Esther was eliminated.

Top 5: The girls were interviewed by the record company to see who are most likely to be the winner of the competition, in which Jazmin won. The main challenge was to perform in front of a group of people in style of rapping. Jazmin once again won the challenge, making her the first contestant to win both challenges in a single episode. Because she won the challenge, she was not up for the elimination. The four remaining contestants were up for elimination, and Jericho announced that it was Joie who was going home, leaving the rest of the girls in tears. Kardinal Offishall made a special appearance coaching the girls how to rap.

Top 4: The main challenge was to perform "Roxanne" by The Police, but the girls had to perform the song in different genres. Jazmin had to perform the song in salsa music, Angelica in reggae version, Farah in punk rock version, and Mixi in country music. In elimination, the girls would be safe from being eliminated if they were selected to be in first place, second, and third place overall of how well they did by the judges. Angelica came in first, Jazmin in second, and Mixi in third. Farah was the one dropped from the label.

Finale: The three girls had to perform an A cappella of Unwritten by Natasha Bedingfield, in front the former contestants of the show, and the twist was that one of the girls would be dropped. Afterwards, the girls were told that they needed to revisit their troubled past. They packed up and headed out to their homes. During their visits, they all received an envelope, which contained their vinyl records. Jazmin's record was broken into pieces when she opened it, meaning she's been dropped from the label. The final two, Angelica and Mixi, performed in front of Geffen Records staff on stage. Afterwards, the manager of the record label announced that Mixi was the winner.

References

External links
Official Website
Meet The Contestants
Fuse TV Official Website

Fuse (TV channel) original programming
2000s American reality television series
2008 American television series debuts
2008 American television series endings


Knights Plaza at University of Central Florida, commonly referred to as Knights Plaza, is an athletic village and shopping center on the main campus of the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida, United States. The plaza consists of housing for more than 2,000 students in four towers,  of commercial space, the 10,000-seat CFE Arena, and the 2,300-seat Venue at UCF Arena. The design of the plaza and its mixed use appeal to students, faculty, and surrounding residents, making it a popular community destination.

Facilities

Athletics

Knights Plaza contains many venues to accommodate events of all sizes and forms:
 FBC Mortgage Stadium – 45,300-seat stadium
 Addition Financial Arena – 10,000-seat arena
 The Venue – 2,300-seat arena
 Jay Bergman Field – 3,600-seat stadium
 UCF Soccer and Track Stadium – 2,000-seat stadium
 Cypress Room Event Center
 IOA Plaza

Student housing

The Towers at Knights Plaza (Tower I, II, III, and IV) houses 2,000 students, 500 in each tower. Residents of the Towers Community sign annual contracts to rent their apartments for a full academic year (fall, spring, and summer), whereas residents of all other standard housing communities on the main campus sign academic contracts to rent their rooms only for one or two semesters at a time. The Towers house the majority of the upper-classmen who live on campus.

Residents of the Towers are provided a secure mail room, and entrance to the buildings and apartments are controlled via the students university identification badge. Apartments in the Towers are offered in various plans ranging from 1 bedroom/1 bathroom to 4 bedroom/4 bathroom, with the majority being 4 bedroom/2 bathroom. Tower III is a learning community for students enrolled in the Burnett Honors College. Most UCF athletes are housed in Tower IV.

Commercial

Knights Plaza contains  of retail and restaurant space. The retail stores are located on the streets on both sides of the arena, which lead back to the other stadiums. Additionally, the lobby of the CFE Arena contains a food court as well as interior access to some of the other retail spaces.
7-Eleven
Amazon Campus Pickup Point
Barnes & Noble
Burger U
CFE Federal Credit Union
Domino's Pizza
Dunkin' Donuts
Jimmy John's
All Knight Study
Knight Aide Pharmacy and Convenience Store
Knightro's restaurant
Gringos Locos
Recreation and Wellness Center at Knights Plaza
Subway
The Pop Parlour
The Princeton Review
Towers Mail Center
UCF Card Services
Veteran's Academic Resource Center

Events

Knights Plaza hosts hundreds of events throughout the year, ranging from football games that take over the entire UCF campus to block parties and bingo nights.

Athletics
Knights Plaza is home to the UCF Knights athletic programs and was designed as an athletic village. The football team plays in Bright House Networks Stadium, the men's and women's basketball teams in the CFE Arena, and the volleyball team plays in the Venue. The plaza also contains Jay Bergman Field, a 2000-seat baseball stadium for the men's baseball team, and the 2,000 seat UCF Soccer and Track Stadium.

Knights Plaza and the adjacent Memory Mall are the prime tailgating location during home football games.

Special events

The CFE Arena has hosted many performances, such as comedians: Dave Chappelle, Carlos Mencia, Bob Saget and Bill Cosby; concerts by Paul Simon,  Elton John, Reba McEntire, Nine Inch Nails; and other events such as the Harlem Globetrotters, Sesame Street Live, monster truck shows, rodeos, the circus, and a speech by former President Bill Clinton.

Throughout the year, Knights Plaza plays movies on a two-story outdoor movie screen in the middle of the plaza for students as well as the surrounding community residents to enjoy. Many people set up a picnic, and Knights Plaza food vendors provide at seat food delivery. Prior to the start of the movie, contests, block parties, and other events take place throughout the plaza. Couches and seats are also provided by Knights Plaza.

A farmers market is occasionally held in the open plaza area of Knights Plaza. Over eighty different vendors, sell fresh produce, jewellery, artwork, and other locally made items to students and local area residents.

Light Up UCF
During the holiday season (November–January), Knights Plaza constructs an outdoor ice rink in front of the arena and hosts events nightly to celebrate the holiday season. During Light Up UCF, a high tech light show consisting of over 75,000 lights dances around the plaza to holiday music, and live concerts are performed by bands such as the Marching Knights and local artists. During the 2008 inaugural year, it attracted over 150,000 attendees. The 2009 season included a 20% larger ice rink with the Arctic Guide Ice Slide, the McDonald's Ferris Wheel, Kris Kringle's Carousel, Santa's Village and many more lights to provide more entertainment for attendees.

Future
Knights Plaza has had difficulties filling its remaining retail space due to the current economic circumstances. Many have blamed the lack of free parking, leading the university to suspend parking charges in one the plaza's parking garages on non-event days. Nature's Table Cafe and Mau's Hair and Nails went out of business shortly after opening, and several other retailers never opened their doors, resulting in many unoccupied storefronts throughout the plaza. In order to combat this problem and increase retailer confidence, events are held frequently in the plaza and its venues; due to this, however, the students forced to deal with the additional traffic in order to reach the only study facility on-campus, "All Knight Study", which is located in the plaza also. The remaining retail spaces are slowly filling in with additional retailers.

Knights Plaza was initially developed with plans to add additional retail space in two more phases over the coming years. However, due to the difficulties in leasing the original phase, the plans have been delayed and revised. Several of the athletic venues will be expanded and renovated to handle larger crowds, including the completed expansion of the UCF Soccer and Track Stadium to 2,000 seats in 2011, and the planned renovations in 2013 to Jay Bergman Field to add an additional 1,000 seats and new luxury suites. Other future, yet unplanned, expansions are scheduled to include the expansion of FBC Mortgage Stadium to 65,000 seats.

References

External links
Knights Plaza Official Website
UCF Athletics Athletics website
University of Central Florida School website

University of Central Florida
UCF Knights
Shopping malls established in 2007
Economy of Orlando, Florida
Buildings and structures in Orlando, Florida
2007 establishments in Florida


Lê Quát () was a 14th-century Vietnamese Confucian mandarin of the Trần dynasty. He is best known for his proposal in 1370 to have Buddhism in Vietnam, the favoured religion of the Trần dynasty, deemed as heretical. This was the first such attempt, and it failed, although Confucianism came to be the ruling doctrine under the subsequent Lê dynasty.

References

Vietnamese Confucianists
Trần dynasty officials
14th-century Vietnamese poets
14th-century Vietnamese philosophers
14th-century Confucianists


Jana Bach (born 10 April 1979) is a German pornographic actress, model, and television host.

Adult career
Jana Bach began modeling for the erotic magazine Coupé in 2004, and entered the adult film industry at the German Venus Festival. She has appeared in more than thirty adult films since 2005 (see below), primarily for the Berlin-based Inflagranti-Film label.

Bach participated in a topless women's football match between Austria and Germany as goalkeeper for the Germans. She was quoted, "I was supposed to hold the balls but I really have no idea how to do that".

Awards
2005 Eroticline Award - Best German Newcomer
2006 Eroticline Award - Best Actress (Germany)
2007 Eroticline Award - Best Sex-TV Host
2008 Eroticline Award - Best Crossover Star (Germany)
2009 Eroticline Award - Pornstar of the Year

Partial filmography
2005:
Sex & Lügen
Jana von 0 auf 100
Rocker Queens
Popp oder Hopp - Das Live-Sex-Spiel No. 10
Fetish-Zone: Fußorgasmen
Schwarze Flamme Silverline: Landzucht
Stahlhart: Gefangene der Lust
2006:
Janas Sex-Fantasien
Die Jana Bach Show
Jana Bach: Schlaflos in Berlin
Best of Jana Bach
Zicken... jetzt seid ihr fällig! Folge 5
2007:
Jana Bach, Der Star hautnah
Jana Bach, Living Hardcore
Stars & Strips & Sexintrigen
2008:
SexParadies
Love & Sex - The Parade 2008

References

External links

1979 births
German pornographic film actresses
German television personalities
Living people
People from Eisleben


Ecuadorian cuisine is diverse, varying with altitude and associated agricultural conditions. Ecuadorian cuisine is an amalgamation of Spanish, Andean, and Amazonian cuisines and to a lesser degree Italian, Lebanese, African, and Chinese. Beef, chicken, and seafood are popular in the coastal regions, especially ceviche, and are typically served with carbohydrate-rich foods, such as rice accompanied with lentils, pasta, or plantain. In the mountainous regions pork, chicken, beef and cuy (guinea pig) are popular and are often served with rice, maize, or potatoes. A popular street food in mountainous regions is , consisting of potatoes served with roasted pig. Some examples of Ecuadorian cuisine in general include  (green plantain slices fried in oil, mashed up, and then refried),  (a pan-seared potato ball), and  (a type of stew made from goat). A wide variety of fresh fruit is available, particularly at lower altitudes, including , passionfruit, , several types of banana, , , and tree tomato.

The food is somewhat different in the southern mountainous areas, featuring typical  food such as , a soup prepared with green bananas; , roasted pork; and , or "", as dessert. In the rainforest, a dietary staple is the , elsewhere called cassava. The starchy root is peeled and boiled, fried, or used in a variety of other dishes. Across the nation it is also used as a bread, pan de yuca, which is analogous to the Brazilian pão de queijo and it's often consumed alongside different types of drinkable yogurt. Many fruits are available in this region, including bananas, tree-grapes, and peach-palms.

Typical meal
Most regions in Ecuador follow the traditional three-course meal of sopa/soup and segundo/second dish which includes rice or pasta and a protein such as meat, poultry, pig or fish. Then dessert and a coffee are customary. Dinner is usually lighter and sometimes just coffee or agua de remedio/herbal tea with bread.

For the most part, Ecuador is known not only for its bananas, and all the dishes made from them, but for its starch consumption of products like potato, bread, pasta, rice, and yuca. Traditionally any of these ingredients can be found in either the soup or the rice platter that may be served.

Beverages
, a sugar cane-based spirit, is probably the most popular national alcohol.  is a popular drink made from .

Drinkable yogurt, available in many fruit flavors, is popular and is often consumed with  (a puffy yet gooey bread roll made from cassava flour eaten hot). One traditional non-alcoholic beverage is , made using  (toasted barley flour),  (unrefined sugar), and spices. Another traditional non-alcoholic beverage is , which is made with black corn flour, sweetened with , and flavored with fresh fruit, herbs and spices.

Catholic influence
Besides the regions, there are several typical Ecuadorian dishes consumed on special occasions. , a fish soup including several types of beans, lentils, and corn, is often eaten during Lent and Easter, and is traditionally served all over Ecuador. During the week before the commemoration of the deceased or All Souls' Day, the fruit beverage  is typical, accompanied by  which is stuffed bread shaped like children.

Chifa
Chifa (from the Mandarin words 吃饭, meaning "to eat rice") is the Ecuadorian term for Ecuadorian-Chinese food (or for an Ecuadorian-Chinese fusion restaurant). Because many Chinese ingredients are hard to find in Ecuador, the Chinese modified their cuisine and incorporated many Ecuadorian elements (mainly Spanish, Indigenous, and African) into their cuisine, and the popularity of chifa has made it hard to find authentic Chinese cuisine in Ecuador.

Middle Eastern

Since 1875, there has been a constant flow of Lebanese immigrants to Ecuador, first fleeing the Ottoman Empire, and then the aftermath of World War I and II. By 1986, there were 97,500 Lebanese immigrants in Ecuador. Shawarma restaurants have become increasingly popular presenting another instance of fusion cuisine. Since many of the ingredient in Middle Eastern cuisine cannot be found in the country, Lebanese immigrants have made replacements with native ingredients.

One beloved Middle Eastern food that has become synonymous with Ecuadorian cuisine are yogurt drinks. The most famous are "yogures persa" brought by Persian immigrants in the 1900s. These yogurt drinks are most often accompanied by pan de yuca, which are analogous to Brazilian pão de queijo.

Desserts

Alfajores: a dessert found in virtually all of Spain's former colonies. It is derived from the versions popular in Spain during the colonial period. The original Spanish recipes, however, have been modified. The basic recipe uses a base mix of flour, margarine, and powdered sugar, which is oven-baked. Alfajores consist of two or more layers of this baked pastry, and is usually filled with dulce de leche (a caramel-colored, sweet, creamy filling made with milk and sugar)

Turrones (or nougat) is another originally Spanish dessert.

Arroz con leche (rice pudding): Another dessert originally from Spain that can be found in various varieties throughout Latin America. Arroz con leche is one of the more common desserts found in homes and restaurants of modern-day Ecuador. It consists primarily of cooked rice, cinnamon/nutmeg, raisins, and milk.

Helados de Paila (ice cream): Helado de paila is a sorbet-like specialty that hails from Ibarra. It comes in an array of flavors, and it is made with fruit juice, ice, sugar, and sometimes fruits. All the ingredients are traditionally churned by hand inside a large bronze or copper pot (paila) that is placed on ice. It is said that this frozen treat was initially made with the snow from the glacier on top of the Imbabura volcano. Allegedly, Rosalía Suárez first collected the ice, and her descendants still keep the tradition alive and run an ice cream shop in Ibarra.

Panetón or Panettone: is a type of sweet bread with dried fruit. It was popularized by Italian immigrants that arrived in the country in the late 1800s. It is usually served for breakfast around Christmas with a cup of hot chocolate. They used to come in big boxes only with huge panetóns inside but now they also sell personal portions. Because Christmas is the hottest time of year, people often replace the hot chocolate with coffee or a drink that's served cold.

Flan: Is a popular custard dessert with a layer of clear caramel sauce.

Drinks

Fioravanti is a fruit-flavored, carbonated soft drink first sold in 1878 in Ecuador. It is notable for being one of the first soft drinks commercially sold. In 1991, it was acquired by The Coca-Cola Company.

Güitig is a mineral water widely consumed around the country at times supplanting tap water as the drink of choice.

See also

 List of Ecuadorian dishes and foods

References


CA 27.29 is a tumor marker for breast cancer.

It is a form of glycoprotein MUC1.

References

Tumor markers


Cashmore may refer to:

People
Adrian Cashmore (born 1973), New Zealand rugby player
Anthony Cashmore (born 1941), New Zealand scientist
Arthur Cashmore (1893–1969), English footballer
Bill Cashmore (politician), New Zealand politician
Bill Cashmore (actor) (1961–2017), English actor, playwright, and political candidate
Claire Cashmore (born 1988), British Paralympian swimmer
Denis William Cashmore (1907–1982), English footballer
Jennifer Cashmore (born 1937), Australian politician
John Cashmore (1895–1961), American politician
Michael Cashmore (businessman) (1815–1886), Australian pioneer
Michael Cashmore, British composer
Pete Cashmore (born 1985), British new media expert
Roger Cashmore (born 1944), British physicist
Thomas Cashmore (1892–1984), British bishop

Places
Cashmore, Victoria, Australia

Business
John Cashmore Ltd, former scrapping company of Newport, South Wales

See also
Cashmere (disambiguation)


U.S. Route 33 (US 33) in the U.S. state of West Virginia extends  from the Ohio River at Ravenswood to the Virginia state line atop Shenandoah Mountain west of Harrisonburg, Virginia.

Route description

Shortly after entering West Virginia and crossing the Ohio River, US 33 turns south, then east in Ravenswood. It then joins SR 2's freeway, turning northeast, then east again to Silverton. The two routes then split, and US 33 joins Interstate 77 to Ripley. The route then turns east from I-77, joining US 119 at Spencer, then passing through extremely rural areas of Roane, Calhoun, Gilmer, and Lewis counties.

US 33 Intersects Interstate 79 at Weston, West Virginia. From Interstate 79 east, US 33 is a four-lane highway, part of Corridor H of the Appalachian Development Highway System.  The four-lane segment continues on through rural areas of Upshur, and Randolph counties, to just a couple miles past Elkins.

At Harding, US 250 joins US 33 for several miles after Elkins, where US 33 joins SR 55 and returns to a two-lane road, except for a seven-mile (11 km) section of four-lane across Kelly Mountain between Canfield and Bowden.  Passing through the Monongahela National Forest, US 33 crosses the Eastern Continental Divide between Harman and Onego at about  elevation, entering Pendleton County, then descends the Allegheny Front along Seneca Creek, skirting the north end of Spruce Mountain, at  the highest point of the Allegheny Mountains.

US 33 then joins SR 28 at Seneca Rocks, West Virginia, and continues south in the Potomac River headwaters through scenic forest and farmland landscapes.  Turning eastward from SR 28 at Judy Gap, US 33 crosses North Fork Mountain at about , with a turnout on the western slope offering a scenic view of the Germany Valley below and the more distant Allegheny Front from Spruce Knob to Dolly Sods.  US 220 joins US 33 for about half a mile in Franklin.  After Franklin, US 33 continues eastward through rural areas, then climbs steeply to cross Shenandoah Mountain at Dry River Gap at about  into Rockingham County, Virginia.

Major intersections

References

33
 West Virginia
U. S. Route 033
U. S. Route 033
U. S. Route 033
U. S. Route 033
U. S. Route 033
U. S. Route 033
U. S. Route 033
U. S. Route 033


Galo Ochoa was born in 1967 in Los Angeles, California, is the guitarist for the bands Cuca and Nata.

Cuca

His career began with this band and for which he is most known. Its characteristic sound is mainly hard rock. Cuca's most popular songs are "El Son del Dolor", "La Pucha Asesina", "La Balada".

Nata

After the breakup of Cuca (1999), Galo, his  brother Aldo, Christian Gómez and Carlos Aviléz Gómez (also bassist for Cuca) formed Nata, whose sound is rather close to heavy metal.

Discography

With Cuca
 La Invasión de los Blátidos, 1992
 Tu Cuca Madre Ataca de Nuevo, 1993
 La Racha, 1995
 El Cuarto de Cuca, 1997
 Viva Cuca, 2004
 }, 2006

With Nata
 Nata, 2002
 Krudo, 2007
 CHOKE, 2013

References

1967 births
Cuca (band) members
Musicians from Sonora
Mexican guitarists
Mexican male guitarists
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Guitarists from Los Angeles
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians


Pailacar or Paylacar was a leader of Purén, who led a force of 2000 warriors in the defeat of the Spanish army of Don Miguel Avendaño de Velasco in the Battle of Purén in September 1570.

References

Sources
 Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo, Historia de Todas las Cosas que han Acaecido en el Reino de Chile y de los que lo han gobernado (1536-1575) (History of All the Things that Have happened in the Kingdom of Chile and of those that have governed it (1536-1575), Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile, Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 75–224, (on line in Spanish) (History of Chile 1536-1575)
 Pedro Mariño de Lobera, Crónica del Reino de Chile , escrita por el capitán Pedro Mariño de Lobera....reducido a nuevo método y estilo por el Padre Bartolomé de Escobar. Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 227-562, (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles ; 569-575).  Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (on line in Spanish) (History of Chile 1535-1595)
 Diego de Rosales,   Historia General del Reino de Chile, Flandes Indiano, Tomo II,  Valparaíso 1877 - 1878. (1554-1625)
 Diego Barrios Arana,  Historia general de Chile, Tomo segundo, Capítulo V Gobierno de Bravo de Saravia: administración civil. Fin de su gobierno y supresión de la Real Audiencia (1569-1575)

16th-century Mapuche people
People of the Arauco War
Indigenous military personnel of the Americas

Year of birth unknown
16th-century military personnel
Toquis
Indigenous leaders of the Americas


The Lenape Trail is a trail through Essex County, connecting many county parks and reservations, wooded spaces, and historical sites. It begins in Newark, New Jersey and ends in Millburn, New Jersey. It was established in 1982. It is the fifth longest trail in the state behind the Delaware and Raritan Canal Trail, the Appalachian Trail, the completed section of the Highlands Trail in the state and the Batona Trail.  The Lenape trail traverses Newark and its suburbs, as well as the Watchung Mountains and Passaic Meadows.  Because of the steepness of the Watchung Mountains and the flood-prone nature of the Passaic Meadows, the former basin of Glacial Lake Passaic, these areas have remained much less developed than the rest of the northeastern part of the state.  This trail therefore offers hikers an opportunity to see cultural and historical sites of an urban trail, as well as large natural and undeveloped areas.  The trail's proximity to New York City and the various ridges it traverses, including Forest Hill, Orange Mountain (part of First Watchung Mountain), and Second Watchung Mountain, offer many views of the skyline.  The Lenape Trail forms a segment of the Liberty-Water Gap Trail and incorporates the West Essex Trail, the Lenape Trail's only rail-to-trail section.  The Lenape Trail also connects with Morris County's Patriots Path trail system on its western terminus.

The Lenape Trail is maintained by volunteers of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference in partnership with local park conservancies and the Essex County Park System. Full maps of the trail can be found at LenapeTrail.org.

Historical and Cultural Sites
Ferry Street in the Ironbound
Penn Station
Military Park
The New Jersey Historical Society
NJPAC
Newark Museum
Sydenham House (Newark's oldest house)
Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart
Kingsland Manor in Nutley
Kips Castle in Montclair
Morris Canal remnants
Riker Hill Fossil Site
Washington Rock, a Revolutionary War historic site, dating back to the late 18th century when Beacon Signal Station 9 was located here—one of 23 beacons built by General Washington to observe British troop movements quartered on Staten Island and New York City.

Route
The Lenape Trail's eastern terminus is in Newark's Ironbound district and continues through Downtown Newark and the Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Branch Brook Park, the largest park in Newark.  Branch Brook Park is home to the city's Cherry Blossom Festival with 3,500 cherry trees and the most diverse cherry blossom display in the country.  Leaving Newark the trail continues west through Belleville, Nutley, Bloomfield, Montclair,  Cedar Grove, Verona, West Orange, and Roseland  traversing the Watchung Mountains before reaching its western terminus at the Passaic River.  The trail changes from sidewalks to surfaced trails to dirt trails and aqueducts throughout its length.  The trail also passes through Newark's Hayes Park, Military Park, Washington Park, Branch Brook Park, Belleville's Belleville Park, Nutley's Booth Park, Yantacaw Park, Memorial Park, Kingsland Park, Bloomfield's Clarks Pond Nature Preserve, Brookdale Park (in Bloomfield and Montclair), Yantacaw Brook Municipal Park, Mountainside Park in Montclair, Mills Reservation, Verona Park, Eagle Rock Reservation, O'Connor Park in West Orange, Becker Park in Roseland, Lurker Park in East Hanover and Hatfield Swamp, which is part of the Passaic Meadows.

Western Section

The trail continues through Branch Brook Park with yellow blazes.  After traveling north through Branch Brook Park, the trail follows sidewalks and aqueducts through Belleville and Nutley before crossing over the Garden State Parkway on a pedestrian bridge.  The trail travels through Bloomfield partially through parks and along Watchung Avenue before crossing Brookdale Park, passing Applegate Farm, crossing the Montclair-Boonton Line and entering the Mills Reservation.  The trail combines after this with the West Essex Trail on the former Caldwell Branch of the Erie Railroad.  The trail continues in Verona on the old Erie Railroad line and follows sidewalks once again before passing through Verona Park and then Eagle Rock Reservation.

The trail passes the Eagle Rock lookout on the Orange Mountain ridge of the First Watchung Mountain, with views of the New York Skyline, and goes under I-280 and follows power lines over the Second Watchung Mountain.  A side trail leads through the South Mountain Reservation, between Orange Mountain and Second Watchung Mountain, through Locust Grove in Millburn.  The Lenape Trail continues through Becker Park (a former dairy farm).  Here there is a blue side trail to the Walter Kidde Dinosaur Park.  This park has thousands of dinosaur tracks, including the smallest ones ever found.  The Lenape Trail continues west  across the Morristown and Erie Railway tracks and passes under I-280.  The Lenape Trail continues along Hatfield Swamp before ending at the Essex County Environmental Center and leading on to the Patriots' Path, which similarly traverses Morris County.

See also
Assunpink Trail
Great Trail

References

Essex County, New Jersey
Hiking trails in New Jersey
Watchung Mountains


The Little Ballerina is a 1947 British drama film directed by Lewis Gilbert.

Cast
 Yvonne Marsh as Joan
 Marian Chapman as Sally
 Kay Henderson as Pamela
 Doreen Richards as Lydia
 Anita Holland as Carol
 Beatrice Varley as Mrs. Field
 Herbert C. Walton as Grandpa
 George Carney as Bill
 Anthony Newley as Johnny
 Martita Hunt as Miss Crichton
 Leslie Dwyer as Barney
 Eliot Makeham as Mr. Maggs
 Margot Fonteyn as herself

External links

1947 films
1947 drama films
British drama films
Films directed by Lewis Gilbert
British black-and-white films
1947 directorial debut films
1940s British films


Magda Portal (May 27, 1900 – 1989) was a Peruvian poet, feminist, author, and political activist and leader.  She was recognized in the vanguardia poetry literary movement in Peru and Latin America, and she was one of the founders of the APRA (American Popular Revolutionary Alliance) political party.

Early life

Magda Portal was born on May 27, 1900, in Barranco, near Lima, Peru.  As a young woman, she worked during the day, and attended classes at the University of San Marcos during the evening. These classes broadened her views on philosophical and political ideals.  During this stage of her life as a young woman, she began her literary career by writing poetry and reporting for magazines. In 1923, Portal was recognized by the prestigious Juegos Florales poetry competition. However, Portal refused to accept the prize when she heard Augusto Leguia, the Peruvian president was to announce and award the prize to her. This was a definitive move in her career, and perhaps marked the beginning of Portal's political career.

Political career
Portal continued to write extensively after this poetry competition in 1923. On November 11, 1923, she gave birth to her daughter, Gloria.  When Portal returned to Peru after a trip to Bolivia, she became actively involved in progressive politics and the active literary scene in Lima, Peru.  In June 1927, her role in progressive politics made her one of the many people the regime of Augusto Leguía exiled for allegedly participating in communist organizations.   After she was exiled, she traveled first to Cuba and then to Mexico.  While in Mexico, she met Haya de la Torre, the Peruvian founder of the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA) movement, who recruited her to the Aprista movement. She then became the cofounder, along with many others, of the Aprista party in 1931. At this time Portal began to focus more on politics than poetry and she became a committed anti-imperialist. Portal traveled all over Latin America promoting these anti-imperialist and Aprista ideals, proving herself as a political leader.

In 1930 Portal traveled to Chile, but was imprisoned and placed into solitary confinement.  Later that year after President Leguía's regime fell, Portal finally returned to Peru where she was appointed to the task of organizing women's Aprista groups throughout Peru by the Aprista party's national executive committee, which Portal was a member of.  She continued in her work by assisting with the party magazine, Apra, and by publishing and editing various propaganda pamphlets. The government of Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro followed Leguía's regime, whose goal was to eliminate the Aprista movement and his administration persistently persecuted them.  This persecution forced Portal and many other Apra members to live clandestinely and continue with Apra work illegally.

In 1933, Sánchez Cerro was assassinated by an Aprista militant.  With Sanchez Cerro out of power, Oscar Benavides stepped into power.  The same year, Portal was named the National Secretary of Women's Affair for the Aprista party. In this leadership position Portal traveled around Peru and eventually was imprisoned once again. When she finally received her freedom in 1936, Portal travelled to Bolivia, then to Argentina, and onwards to Chile. In 1945, Portal returned to Peru. Her opinions on the Aprista party's ideals began to differ from the others, and felt betrayed by the party. In 1949, [This break came in 1950] she publicly broke from the Aprista party, after feeling that the party had strayed from its original and anti-imperialist goals.  She continued her activist role, however, and continued to advocate strongly for women's rights throughout the 1970s.

Literary accomplishments

By the 1970s and 1980s, Portal's literary accomplishments began receiving increased critical attention.  Portal had begun her writing in the 1920s. She was a recognized leader in the vanguardia literary movement. She wrote and published poetry, books, and newspaper and magazine articles all over South America, many of which conveyed her progressive views on women's rights. In 1980 Portal was elected the president of the Asociación Nacional de Escritores y Artistas and is still remembered as a literary leader in Latin America.  Portal died in 1989.

Portal's personal and literary archive was purchased by the Benson Latin American Collection in 1986.

Selected works
Una Esperanza y El Mar. 1927
Flora Tristan, Precursora. 1944
Costa Sur. 1945
Constancia del Ser. 1955
La Trampa. 1957

References

Sources
Flores, Angel. Spanish American Authors: The Twentieth Century. New York: HW Wilson, 1992.
Klarén, Peter Flindell. Peru: Society and Nationhood in the Andes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Portaro, Iliana. Escritoras  vanguardistas:  la  utilización  de  géneros  menores  y  la  prensa  escrita  peruana  a principios   del   siglo XX. Doctoral diss., University of California, Davis, 2013.
Reedy, Daniel R. Spanish American Women Writers: A Bio-Biographical Source Book. Diane E. Marting, ed. Connecticut: Greenwood, 1990.
Smith, Myriam Gonzales. Poética e Ideología en Magda Portal: Otras Dimensiones de la Vanguardia en Latinoamérica.  Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2007.
 Wallace Fuentes, Myrna Ivonne. "Becoming Magda Portal: Poetry, Gender, and Revolutionary Politics in Lima, Peru, 1920-1930," PhD dissertation, History, Duke University, Durham, NC, 2006.
 Wallace Fuentes, Myrna Ivonne. Most Scandalous Woman: Magda Portal and the Dream of Revolution in Peru. University of Oklahoma Press, 2017.
Weaver, Kathleen. Peruvian Rebel: The World of Magda Portal, with Selected Poems. Penn State University Press, forthcoming.

1900 births
1989 deaths
Peruvian feminists
Peruvian women activists
Peruvian women poets
20th-century Peruvian poets
20th-century women writers
Peruvian suffragists
National University of San Marcos alumni


is a Japanese chain of family-style Italian yōshoku restaurants, commonly abbreviated as "Saize" (サイゼ). It is managed by . Its headquarters are in Yoshikawa, Saitama.

Beyond Japan, the restaurant also has a presence in China (including Hong Kong), Taiwan, and Singapore.

History
The current president of the company, Yasuhiko Shōgaki, worked at a western restaurant in Ichikawa, Chiba called Saizeriya while he was attending Tokyo University of Science. The manager at the time recognized his skill, and when Shōgaki became a senior in school, he inherited the restaurant. Italian cuisine was becoming more popular at the time, so Shōgaki converted the restaurant to Italian food - but customers stopped coming. Shōgaki then cut the prices by 70%, and the restaurant did so well that lines started to appear, and he had to open another store.

In May 1973, Shōgaki established a kabushiki gaisha called  in Ichikawa. The company then started expanding as a restaurant chain. The headquarters continued to be in Chiba prefecture. In 1987, the company changed its name to . In 1992, the company again changed its name to Saizeriya.

These days, the network of stores has grown considerably. As a low-price restaurant, the chain has grown to over 750 stores. There are a few forms that Saizeriya locations can take: they can be found in any number of buildings in Japan, as roadside stores, as piloti types, locations in commerce buildings and train stations, and so on. If a desirable location is found, without questioning, they will actively continue in the capital region. Because Saizeriya will open a store where a competitor has withdrawn, the form of Saizeriya stores, as well as their trademarked logo that is posted on billboards is often varied.

Starting on August 24, 2005, they started operating a fast food store called . As of 2008, they operate three stores: one in Jūjō, Tokyo, one in Kawaguchi, and one in Aoto, Katsushika, Tokyo.

In October 2006 it was announced that Saizeriya's stores had done the best in 8 years. As of August of that year, sales were up by 3%. Customer numbers were up by 2.1%, and the average amount spent per customer had increased by 0.8%. The company was able to cover the price of increasing its stores, as well as also improving the quality of the menu and achieve better results while also increasing its base customers and amount sold.

The restaurant was in the news in Japan for serving pizza with melamine-tainted dough from China in October 2008.

Timeline
 April 1968 - Yasuhiko Shōgaki takes over the Saizeriya store and starts a private business.
 May 1973 - The private business becomes a corporation, and the Maria-nu company is established.
 December 1977 - Multiple stores start opening.
 April 1981 - Start of the shopping center stores: in LaLaPort.
 May 1983 - The company moves to a new location in Ichikawa, Chiba.
 March 1987 - Start of the train station stores: in Shapō.
 April 1987 - The company changes its name to Maria-no.
 October 1987 - An "Order Entry System" is introduced.
 September 1989 - Start of the suburban roadside stores: in Mito Kaidō.
 October 1991 - The company moves to Funabashi, Chiba.
 September 1992 - The company changes its name to Saizeriya.
 July 1994 - The 100th store is opened in Enoshima.
 October 1997 - A factory is built in Yoshikawa, Saitama. The company moves there.
 April 1998 - The company registers its stock with JASDAQ Securities Exchange and starts selling.
 July 1999 - Two stocks are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
 August 2000 - One stock changes its designation.
 October 2001 - The 500th store is opened in Kyōnan, Yamanashi.
 December 2003 - The first overseas store is opened in Shanghai.
 August 2005 - "Eat Run", a new fast food store, opens.
 November 2005 - "Spa-Q" and "TacoQ", two new stores, open in Saitama.
 April 2007 - "Saizeriya Express", a new low cost spaghetti shop, opens in Green Walk, Hachioji, Tokyo.
 December 2007 - A store opens in Guangzhou, China.
 2008 - Saizeriya opens its first store in Singapore.
 October 2008 - Controversy regarding serving pizza with melamine-tainted dough from China.
 October 2010 - Saizeriya Italian Restaurant (薩莉亞意式餐廳) opens in North Point, Hong Kong.
 2010 - Saizeriya opens around 6 stores in Beijing, China.
 2019 - Saizeriya opened in multiple outlets across Hong Kong through the 2010s.

Management company
In August 2008, Saizeriya Co,. Ltd. started a chain of fast-food hamburger specialty shops called . There are currently six shops. In June 2003, a subsidiary was established in Shanghai, and as of August 2007, fifteen stores were in operation there.

By using prefabricated ingredients in the central kitchen that largely reduces procurement and processing cost, Saizeriya is able to provide Italian cuisine at a lower price.

See also
 List of Italian restaurants

References

Further reading

External links
   (Japan)
   (Singapore)

Food and drink companies of Japan
Restaurants in Japan
Italian restaurants
Food and drink companies established in 1973
Restaurants established in 1977
Restaurant chains in Japan
Fast-food chains of Singapore
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Japanese companies established in 1977


The Demon Cat (also referred to as the D.C.) is a ghost cat who is purported to haunt the government buildings of Washington, D.C., which is the capital city of the United States. Its primary haunts are the city's two main landmarks: the White House and the United States Capitol.

History
The story of the Demon Cat dates back to the mid‑1800s when cats were brought into the basement tunnels of the United States Capitol Building to kill rats and mice. Legend states that the Demon Cat is one of these cats who never left, even after its death. Its home is supposedly the basement crypt of the Capitol Building, which was originally intended as a burial chamber for President George Washington.

According to legend, the cat is seen before presidential elections and tragedies in Washington, D.C., allegedly being spotted by White House security guards on the night before the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln. It is described as either a black cat or a tabby cat, and the size of an average house cat. However, witnesses report that the cat swells to "the size of a giant tiger" or an elephant, said to be 10 feet by 10 feet, when alerted. The cat would then either explode or pounce at the witness, disappearing before it managed to catch its 'victim'.

In the 1890s, the cat is said to have inexplicably vanished when some Capitol Hill guards fired their guns at it, and another supposedly died of a heart attack after seeing it.

The last official sighting of the alleged ghost was during the final days or aftermath of World War II
in the 1940s.

Explanation

According to Steve Livengood, the chief tour guide of the U.S. Capitol Historical Society, the Capitol Police force was notorious for hiring unqualified relatives and friends of Congressmen as favors, and these men would frequently be drunk whilst on patrol. Livengood believes the legend began when a security guard who was lying down in a drunken stupor was licked by one of the Capitol building's cats and mistakenly assumed it to be a giant cat. Livengood states that upon reporting the incident to his superior, the guard would have been sent home to recover, and "eventually the other guards found out that they could get a day off if they saw the demon cat".

In popular culture

Founded in 2006, the DC DemonCats are one of Washington, D.C.'s four roller derby home teams.

References

External links

American legendary creatures
Cats in popular culture
Culture of Washington, D.C.
Mythological cats
American ghosts
Cat folklore


Barbara Jane Ingram (February 9, 1947  – October 20, 1994) was an American R&B singer and songwriter who was active throughout the early 1970s until the mid-late 1980s, enjoying modest success as a backup singer for almost two decades.

Career
In 1972, Ingram formed a vocal trio with her cousin Carla Benson and Benson's close friend, Evette Benton, alternating with group names such as: "The Sweethearts of Sigma", "The Philadelphia Angels", "The Sweeties" and "The Sweethearts". The trio can be heard on many Contemporary R&B/Disco albums recorded in Philadelphia.

In 1971, she sang background vocals, alongside songwriter Linda Creed, on The Stylistics eponymous album, reappearing on their 1973 successor album, Rockin' Roll Baby.

In 1973 and 1974, Ingram appeared on Hawaiian based soul singer Dick Jensen’s eponymous debut album, followed by R&B/Soul band Ecstasy, Passion & Pain's eponymous debut album.

Through the decade of the 1970s, Ingram, Benson and Benton comprised the in-house backup group for Philadelphia International Records, known as the Sweethearts of Sigma.  They worked for producer and Philadelphia soul co-creator Thom Bell, as well as backing a number of acts that came through to record in the closely related Sigma Sound Studios. The trio can be heard on a number of hits, such as The Spinners’ million-sellers "Could It Be I'm Falling in Love" (1972) and "Games People Play" (1975).

Later life
In 1976 Ingram sang lead vocals on the album The Funk Is In Our Music for the Ingram Kingdom, a family group that included her five brothers James [Jimmy], Norman [Butch], William [Billy], Robert [Timmy] and John [Johnny]. Switching their name to 'Ingram' in 1977, Barbara continued to contribute background vocals to the group's next three albums released 1977-1984, That's All!, Would You Like To Fly and Night Stalkers. Ingram is pictured on their first album Ingram Kingdom.

Throughout the years, from 1975 until 1985 she sang backup for The Salsoul Orchestra, Grace Jones, Cat Stevens, The Spinners, Eddie Kendricks, Major Harris, Cindy Williams, Phyllis Hyman, Double Exposure, Billy Paul, Loleatta Holloway, Evelyn King, Philippé Wynne, Dick Jensen, Claudja Barry, Elkie Brooks, Lou Rawls, Brenda Mitchell, The Trammps, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, Luther Vandross, Sister Sledge, Dexter Wansel, among others for their albums.

Ingram continued to sing live concert shows from 1980 until 1986, then from 1988 until 1992.

Personal life and death
Ingram was married to songwriter/producer Sherman Marshall, who wrote famous 1970s hits such as "I'm Doin' Fine Now" by New York City,  "Then Came You" by the Spinners and "Lady Love" by Lou Rawls. Ingram also had a daughter named Denene.

On October 20, 1994, Barbara Ingram died at the age of 47, in Camden, New Jersey. According to the book, A House on Fire: The Rise and Fall of Philadelphia Soul by John A. Jackson, Ingram suffered from both lupus, and cancer. The funeral was held in her hometown of Camden. Her husband and daughter both preceded her in death.

References

External links
An interview with Carla Benson at Soul Express in December 2014
Find A Grave Barbara Jane Ingram Marshall Find A Grave Memorial# 99017771

1947 births
1994 deaths
Musicians from Camden, New Jersey
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers


Edges (sometimes produced as Edges: A Song Cycle) is a work of musical theatre by Pasek & Paul. This work is a song cycle about coming of age, growth and self-discovery of people mostly in their 20s. Its most famous song, "Be My Friend", has come to be commonly known as the "Facebook song".

History
The musical was written by Pasek & Paul in 2005 when they were 19-year-old undergraduates in musical theatre at the University of Michigan. They decided to write their own show after being unhappy with the roles they were assigned in musical theatre productions at the school.

In 2006 the duo won a $20,000 Jonathan Larson Award, becoming the youngest to have ever won the award, which was established by the estate of Rent composer Jonathan Larson to encourage composers, lyricists, and bookwriters at the beginning of their careers.

Productions
After over 30 productions at colleges across the United States, the first professional production was at the Capital Repertory Theatre in Albany, New York, in 2007 starring Colin Hanlon, Whitney Bashor, Farah Alvin and Steven Booth. Justin Paul was musical director for the production.  The show has now been done over 100 times across North America, Asia, Australia, Europe and Africa.

A 2008 Toronto production featured Sara Farb, Jordan Bell, Eric Craig and Gabi Epstein.

In 2010 Edges was brought out to Australia by James Anthony Productions in Sydney to the Parade Theatre in Kensington.

A Philippine production ran for three weeks in July 2010 at the Ateneo de Manila University. It was staged by Ateneo Blue Repertory under the direction of Mahar Mangahas.

A non professional production was performed at the Landor Theatre, London, UK from May 31, 2011 to June 5, 2011, the inaugural production of Notion Theatre Company, directed by Katherine Hare and with musical direction by Leigh Thompson.

The South African premiere production took place in June 2011, directed by Paul Griffiths with musical direction by Garth Tavares. The cast featured Roland Perold, Luella Holland, Shannyn Fourie and David Fick. The production toured the South African National Arts Festival in Grahamstown in July.

A Cantonese production was performed in Kwai Tsing Theatre, Hong Kong in 2012. This production was presented by theatre company Musical Trio.

Edges made its Singapore premiere in April 2013 at the Drama Centre. It was staged by Derrick Chew, Artistic Director of Sightlines Productions with musical direction by Joel Nah. The cast included Benjamin Kheng, Mina Kaye, Kristy Griffin and Linden Furnell.

Edges made its premiere in Paris, France in June 2013 presented by American Musical Theatre Live. The production was directed by Stéphane Ly-Cuong with musical direction by John Florencio and vocal direction by Miranda Crispin.

The UK professional premiere took place at the Tabard Theatre from 29 July - 30 August 2014 with direction by Adam Philpott and Choreography by Lewis Butler

Edges made its Houston premiere in April 2016 at Frenetic Theatre. The production was produced by PMT Productions and starred Blair Carrizales, Danny Dyer, Scott Lupton, and Chaney Moore. The production was directed by Travis Kirk Coombs and Music Directed by Eduardo Guzman.  On July 13, 2018 Edges was performed as part of a Masters' thesis project at the Guildford School of Acting.

Song List

2005 Original
 "Become" - Man 1, Woman 1, Man 2, Woman 2
 "Boy with Dreams" - Man 1
 "Caitlyn and Haley" - Woman 1, Woman 2
 "Be My Friend" - Woman 1, Man 2, Woman 2, Man 1
 "Transition #1"
 "Lying There" - Woman 1
 "I Once Knew" - Man 1
 "Transition #2"
 "I Hmm You" - Man 2, Woman 2
 "I've Gotta Run" - Woman 2
 "Man of My Dreams" - Woman 1, Man 1, Man 2, Woman 2
 "Transition #3"
 "Part of a Painting" - Man 2
 "Ready to Be Loved" - Woman 1, Woman 2
 "Coasting" - Man 1, Man 2, Woman 1, Woman 2

2007 Revised Version
 "Become" - Man 1, Woman 1, Man 2, Woman 2
 "Monticello" - Man 1
 "Lying There" - Woman 1
 "I Hmm You" - Man 2, Woman 2
 "Along the Way" - Man 2
 "Pretty Sweet Day" - Man 1, Man 2
 "Transition #2"
 "Perfect" - Woman 2
 "Better" - Man 2, Woman 2
 "Coasting" - Man 1, Man 2, Woman 1, Woman 2
 "In Short" - Woman 1
 "Transition #3"
 "Dispensable" - Man 2, Woman 1
 "I've Gotta Run" - Woman 2
 "I Once Knew" - Man 1
 "Part of a Painting" - Man 2
 "Transition #4"
 "Ready to Be Loved" - Woman 1, Woman 2
 "Like Breathing" - Man 1, Woman 1, Man 2, Woman 2

Samples of the songs can be found at the composers' official site.

References

External links
 Edges at the Music Theatre International website

2005 musicals
Song cycles
Musicals by Pasek and Paul


Timpview High School (THS) is a public secondary school located in Provo, Utah, United States. Timpview is a 6A school and is one of the three high schools in the Provo City School District.  The current principal is Momi Tu'ua.

Academics
Advanced Placement classes offered at Timpview High School include AP Studio Art, AP Chemistry, AP Physics, AP Biology, AP Spanish Language, AP French Language, AP German Language, AP English Literature, AP English Language and Composition, AP Calculus AB, AP Calculus BC, AP Statistics, AP US History, AP US Government and Politics, AP World History, AP Music, AP Psychology, and AP Human Geography. Timpview is also the only public school in Utah to teach a linear algebra class.

Concurrent enrollment
 Timpview High School offered 128 concurrent enrollment courses through Utah Valley University. In addition, many students take concurrent enrollment classes at Brigham Young University, the local college two miles away.

Athletics
Timpview's athletic program offers participation in eleven competitive sports: lacrosse, baseball, basketball, football, golf, swimming, soccer, tennis, track, cross country, and volleyball. In the 2008–09 school year, Timpview won the "All Sports Award" for the 4A classification in Utah.  , the Timpview boys' tennis team has won seven consecutive 4A state tennis championships; its girls' swimming team has won three consecutive 4A championships. In 2008–09, Timpview  won state championships in football, boys' track, and boys' cross country.

Notable alumni
 Mike Affleck, professional football player in the Arena Football League
Lindsay Arnold, professional ballroom dancer and Dancing with the Stars pro dancer
Bronson Kaufusi, professional football player in the National Football League (NFL)
Mike Lee, United States Senator from Utah
 Stephen Paea, professional football player in the NFL
Dallas Reynolds, professional football player in the NFL
 Matt Reynolds, professional football player in the NFL
 Danny Southwick, professional football player in the Arena Football League
 Branden Steineckert, musician with punk rock band Rancid
 Xavier Su'a-Filo, professional football player in the NFL
 Pita Taumoepenu, professional football player in the NFL
 Harvey Unga, professional football player in the NFL
Jenna Johnson (dancer), professional ballroom dancer and Dancing with the Stars pro dancer

References

External links

Public high schools in Utah
Schools in Utah County, Utah
Buildings and structures in Provo, Utah
1977 establishments in Utah
Educational institutions established in 1977


Brophebarbital is a barbiturate derivative. It has sedative and hypnotic effects and is considered to have a moderate abuse potential.

References

Barbiturates
Bromoarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators


Htin Aung ( ; also Maung Htin Aung; 18 May 1909 – 10 May 1978) was a writer and scholar of Burmese culture and history. Educated at Oxford and Cambridge, Htin Aung wrote several books on Burmese history and culture in both Burmese and English. His English-language works brought a much-needed Burmese perspective to the international study of Burmese history, previously written by British historians of the colonial era. His important works include A History of Burma, Folk Elements in Burmese Buddhism, Selections from Burmese Folk Tales, Thirty Burmese Tales and Burmese Drama.

Htin Aung, as the rector of the University of Rangoon from 1946 to 1958, was the highest ranking academic in the Burmese education system, at the time. He was one of the founding fathers of the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL).

Early life and education
Htin Aung was born to a Burmese aristocratic family on 18 May 1909. His parents were U Hpein and Daw Mi Mi. He was a great-great-grandson of Maha Minhla Mindin Raza, a military officer in the Konbaung court, who fought in the First Anglo-Burmese War. He had six other siblings. He was the youngest of four brothers, including Tin Tut, Myint Thein and Kyaw Myint.

Htin Aung graduated from Yangon's elite St. Paul's English High School. He went on to receive a Bachelor of Laws from Cambridge University, a Bachelor in Civil Law from Oxford University, a Master of Laws from the University of London, and doctorates in Anthropology and Literature from Trinity College, Dublin.

Career
Htin Aung was the Rector of Rangoon University (Yangon University) from 1946 to 1958 and Vice-Chancellor in 1959. He was appointed Ambassador to Sri Lanka from 1959 to 1962. He later became a visiting professor at Columbia University and then at Wake Forest University.

List of works
Htin Aung authored many important books on Myanmar, under the pen name of Maung Htin Aung. His books are widely used in the study of the comparatively under-documented history and culture of Myanmar.

 Burmese Drama (Oxford University Press, 1937)
 Burmese Folk-Tales (Oxford University Press, 1948)
 Burmese Drama: A study, with translations, of Burmese plays (Oxford University Press, 1956)
 Burmese Law Tales (Oxford University Press, 1962)
 Folk Elements in Burmese Buddhism (Oxford University Press, 1962).
 The  Stricken Peacock: An Account of Anglo-Burmese Relations 1752–1948 (Martinus Nijhoff, 1965)
 Burmese Monk's Tales (Columbia University Press, 1966)
 Epistles Written on Eve of Anglo-Burmese War (Martinus Nijhoff, 1967)
 A History of Burma (Columbia University Press, 1967)
 Lord Randolph Churchill and the dancing peacock : British conquest of Burma 1885
 Burmese history before 1287: A Defence of the Chronicles (1970).
 Folk Tales of Burma (Sterling Publishers, 1976)

References

Bibliography

20th-century Burmese historians
1909 births
1978 deaths
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Academic staff of the University of Yangon


Chrysiptera parasema, also known as yellowtail damselfish, yellowtail blue damsel, goldtail demoiselle and other variations, is a popular saltwater species of fish from the Indo-Pacific. It was described by Fowler in 1918.

Description
C. parasema is a small marine fish that reaches 2.8-3 inches in length. It has a spiny dorsal fin and is laterally compressed.

Coloring
C. parasema is blue with a distinctive yellow caudal fin (tail fin). The yellow coloring may extend up to the back of the anal and dorsal fins, especially in species from Papua New Guinea. These fish may also have yellow pelvic or pectoral fins. However, yellow is never found on the backs or bellies of Yellowtail Blue damsels. A yellow belly likely indicates that the fish is actually an Azure demoiselle, whereas yellow areas on the nose or chin may indicate that it is a blue devil damsel.

Habitat
Yellowtail blue damsels prefer densely populated coral groupings in sheltered lagoons and inshore reefs, and generally remain between at a depth of between 3–52 feet (1–16 m).

Breeding and reproduction
In the wild, male C. parasema have their own territories, located near a nesting site. Each territory contains eggs from previous females. The females will swim around inspecting each male and its territory before choosing one based on its size and the number of eggs in its territory. As a part of the evaluation, the female will display a light ring around her eyes, and the male will respond with its own displays. The next day, the female will spawn with the chosen male. An individual male can have up to 10,000 eggs from different females. Males often abandon their territories to claim territories with more eggs, as this makes them appear more favorable to the females.

The eggs hatch after up to 4 days, depending on temperature, and the male is responsible for guarding and caring for the eggs. The subsequent larval stage can take 10 to 50 days.

Behavior and diet
Chrysiptera parasema contain chromatophores and can change color in response to external stimuli. When stressed, they can turn darker to conserve energy.

Adults are usually found alone or in pairs, while juveniles are more likely to remain in small groups.

C. parasema are omnivores. In nature, they feed on plankton, algae, and small benthic crustaceans.

In the aquarium
Chrysiptera parasema is a popular fish in the saltwater aquarium hobby. Because of its usually low price it is often recommended as a way for novice marine aquarium keepers to gain experience. Though these hardy fish are sometimes used to cycle a tank, aquariums discourage against this practice, encouraging the use of live rock instead. Thirty gallons is typically quoted as the minimum tank size required to permanently house this fish. In a properly maintained tank, C. parasema will live for 4–6 years or longer, up to 15 years.

Behavior
C. parasema prefers peaceful tank mates and abundant hiding spots, as they are frequently preyed upon in nature. It is a favorite species among aquarists because it is active, but less aggressive than most damselfish.

However, these fish will sometimes harass more passive fish in an aquarium. In addition, despite its comparatively peaceful nature, this species can be territorial with members of its own species. They tend to become more aggressive when kept singly. This aggression can sometimes be reduced by keeping them in small groups of odd numbered fish (three to seven). They do show schooling behavior when kept in large groups.

Despite its hardy nature, C. parasema also must not be placed in an aquarium with larger predatory fish such as lionfish, and grouper which will often see it as a food source.

Diet
In captivity, C. parasema shows a preference for spirulina, flake foods, and mysis shrimps. However, they tend to go after most fish foods, whether frozen, freeze dried, or live. These fish tend to feed towards the bottom of the tank.

Reproduction
It is very difficult to tell the males apart from the females. In general, males may tend to be larger more slender, and will become more aggressive towards females when they are ready to mate. Males are ultimately responsible for guarding the eggs, so they will also display more territorial behavior over a brood.

Breeding occurs readily in captivity. Females will lay around 300 eggs, which will hatch within 96 hours (a few hours after the lights are turned off). The eggs and larvae, due to their significantly small size, are difficult to rear. In addition, brittle stars, serpent stars, wrasses, and crabs will eat damselfish eggs.

References
liveaquaria.com Page on Chrysiptera parasema
fishlore.com Page on Chrysiptera parasema

External links

parasema
Fish described in 1918


Enallylpropymal (Narconumal) is a barbiturate derivative developed by Hoffman la Roche in the 1930s. It has sedative and hypnotic effects and is considered to have a moderate abuse potential.

References

Barbiturates
Allyl compounds
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators


A liaison officer is a person who liaises between two or more organizations to communicate and coordinate their activities on a matter of mutual concern. Generally, liaison officers are used for achieving the best utilization of resources, or employment of services of one organization by another. Liaison officers often provide technical or subject matter expertise of their parent organization. Usually, an organization embeds or attaches a liaison officer into another organization to provide face-to-face coordination.

Military Liaison Officers (MLO)
In the military, liaison officers may coordinate activities to protect units from collateral damage. They also work to achieve mutual understanding or unity of effort among disparate groups.  For incidence or disaster management, liaison officers serve as the primary contact for agencies responding to the situation.

Community Liaison Officers (CLO)
In the foreign service, community liaison officers support employees and family members who are assigned to foreign embassies. In the United States foreign service, they are charged with building community spirit and enhancing morale at post. Currently,  CLOs operate at over 200 U.S. missions worldwide, including several unaccompanied posts such as Baghdad, Kabul, and Islamabad.

Challenges
Since one of the primary tasks of a liaison officer is often to coordinate activities between two or more organizations, people in these positions typically need to possess strong language and communication skills. This presents a challenge in the case of CLOs, who are posted to missions in their capacity as a spouse. Many have therefore not received the necessary training in order to be proficient in the local language prior to being posted overseas. According to some commentators, this makes it difficult for many CLOs to be effective at their jobs. In his words, Eddie Walsh argues, "Unfortunately, it is hard to understand how CLO Coordinators can effectively liaise with the local community to provide 'programming, information, resources, and referrals' about off-post activities and on-the-economy services when they are not required to be fluent in the local language." Others disagree. For example, George Wilcox counters, "In the 1990s my wife served twice as CLO, once in Central Asia, where she didn't speak the language and once in Brazil, where she did. She did an excellent job in both places, mostly because of her empathy for family members and her proactive involvement in helping them to adjust successfully to life in the two countries."

Supporter Liaison Officers (SLOs)

A supporter liaison officer is a person within an association football club (or another sports club) functioning as a bridge between the club itself and supporters of the club. The SLO builds relations with the club management and the fans through two-way communication, informing supporters about decisions made by the club and informing the club about the fan's point of view. The SLO also works with security and police as well as the SLOs of other clubs to ensure that relevant knowledge is spread to all organisations participating in matches and other events of the club.

References

Collaboration
Communication
Occupations
Military specialisms


Arthur Dunn Airpark  is a public-use airport located  northwest of the central business district of the city of Titusville in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned and is administered under the cognizance of the Titusville-Cocoa Airport Authority. The airport has one paved runway that is 2,961 feet in length and a turf runway that is 1,805 feet in length.

In addition to general aviation activity, a skydiving operator is also located on the field.

History
Historical research indicates that the Arthur Dunn Airpark came into existence as a county airport in late 1927. Three local families leased a total of approximately 45 acres to Brevard County, to be used as an aircraft landing field in conjunction with the 40-acre emergency landing field already in use. These leases remained in effect until 1947, at which time these properties were sold in fee to Brevard County. The county operated the airpark primarily as a base for its mosquito control organizations until March 1966.

During the initial term of the 45-acre lease, Arthur Dunn, a prominent Brevard County Commissioner, supported the acquisition of an additional 40-acre tract located north of the 40-acre airmail emergency landing field. These two parcels, along with the 45-acre parcels purchased from the three local families, became Arthur Dunn Airpark as it exists today.

In December 1939, the Arthur Dunn Airpark was leased to the U.S. Government for use as an auxiliary outlying field (OLF) for U.S. Navy pilots operating out of Naval Air Station Sanford and OLF Titusville, now known as Space Coast Regional Airport. In 1945, the field returned to civilian use and control.

When the county originally acquired the airpark, the property consisted of a two-runway layout. Both runways were grass and were aligned in east–west and northeast–southwest orientations.

In December 1965, the Brevard County Flying Posse, Inc., a non-profit corporation whose membership consisted primarily of aircraft owners and pilots, entered into a ten-year lease with the Brevard Board of County Commissioners to use a portion of the airpark primarily for aircraft hangars and tie-downs. Prior to this lease, most of the Flying Posse members had constructed hangars on the leased premises. During the Flying Posse's lease of the airpark, runway 15/33 was constructed. This runway was paved with a bituminous asphalt material, at a length of 3,000 feet and a width of 50 feet. At the same time, a parallel taxiway, connectors, the FBO ramp, and most other paved areas on the airpark were also constructed at a cost of $3,000. This is the same system that exists today.

During their leasehold (1965–1975), the Flying Posse reportedly was the prime factor in keeping Arthur Dunn Airpark operational. Shortly after the Flying Posse's lease ended, the county transferred ownership of Arthur Dunn to the Titusville-Cocoa Airport District. This transfer occurred on March 10, 1966.

On December 15, 1967, a three-party operations agreement was executed between the Titusville-Cocoa Airport District, the Brevard County Flying Posse, Inc., and Dunn's Flying Service. The essence of this agreement was for Dunn's Flying Service to be able to operate the Radio Aeronautical Advisory Service under the FCC license of the Flying Posse to provide aeronautical advisory to local pilots (UNICOM service). The term of this operations agreement was set at eight years, so as to expire at the same time that the Flying Posse land lease expired in 1975. Prior to and during the term of the Flying Posse's lease, all of the wooden hangars that exist today, including "The Posse Shack", were constructed by Flying Posse members. Those structures became the property of the airpark at the expiration of the Flying Posse lease.

The current FBO building was constructed in the early 1960s and was operated by Taylor Dunn, son of Arthur Dunn. In 1964, an additional 1,850 square yards of apron pavement was placed adjacent to the original apron to create the apron as it exists today. The current FBO operation is conducted by Walkwitz Aviation, Inc.

See also
Taylor-Dunn House

References

External links

Skydive Space Center

Airports in Brevard County, Florida
1927 establishments in Florida
Airports established in 1927


Ralph D. Anderson (October 21, 1924 – October 24, 2010) was an American architect from Seattle, Washington. He was a founder of Ralph Anderson and Partners, later Anderson Koch Smith. Although much of his work is modernist, he is also strongly associated with preservationism. He was an early and significant contributor (including as an investor) to the restoration of Seattle's Pioneer Square neighborhood, and also participated in restoration projects along First Avenue in the Pike Place Market Historical District in the 1970s.

Early life and career

Anderson was born in Seattle in 1924, the second of three sons. He was raised in the Magnolia neighborhood of the city and attended Queen Anne High School; for a time he was enlisted with the Army Air Corps.

Anderson went on to graduate from the University of Washington Architecture School in his native Seattle in 1951 and received his Washington State architectural license in 1954. He worked several years for architect Paul H. Kirk before opening his own practice. His early work, including his own first home at Hidden Lake, constituted what he later called his "modernist glass-box phase". Having discovered how difficult it was to heat such a house he moved on to what he called a "Northwest design style. "I tried to use a lot of wood, and I tried to work with the contours, textures and vegetation of the Northwest, the wooded environment. Quite often I would have big, hovering roofs that would open up to the view." The style was also characterized by "broad windows", "exposed framing", "an emphasis on verticality" and often "a formal T-shape plan." Many of these houses were set to take advantage of views of water or mountains. He styled himself "the poor man's Roland Terry."

After about a decade of building houses mainly in the Eastside Seattle suburbs of Mercer Island and Bellevue, Anderson opened an office at 108 S. Jackson in Pioneer Square, then known as Skid Road. It was a derelict neighborhood, and there was little concern for the mostly turn-of-the century buildings: people bought and sold land considering the old buildings relatively incidental. Along with Richard White, later of Foster/White Gallery, Anderson was among the first to see the potential of the neighborhood. He mortgaged his house to buy the Union Trust Building from Sam Israel and moved his office there (this may have been the only building Israel ever sold). His renovation of the Union Trust Building and later of the Grand Central Hotel contributed flagship buildings to what is once again a vibrant district.

Pike-Market neighborhood
The breadth of Anderson's work can be seen in the Pike-Market neighborhood. Within the Pike Place Market Historical District he was involved in the joint remodel of the historic Smith Block, Butterworth Building, and Alaska Trade Building and the nearby Fairmount Hotel in 1977. Four years later, he was one of the architects of Marketplace North, the modernist "stepped wedge" immediately north of the Historical District north between Western and First Avenues, north of Virginia Street. Among the tenants of the remodeled Smith / Butterworth / Alaska Trade buildings is the Seattle chapter of the American Institute of Architects.

Rehabilitation
Anderson rehabilitated numerous other old Seattle buildings, including the 1977 remodel of the American Can Company Building into the Seattle International Trade Center. Restoration projects elsewhere in Washington state around that time included the Fort Worden Commander House in Port Townsend) and the Company Store in Port Gamble.

Personal life
On May 24, 1957, Anderson married his wife Shirley, a physician, with whom he had two sons.

Anderson died at the Horizon House retirement community in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood on October 24, 2010, at the age of 86, after suffering a recurrence of kidney cancer which he had battled in his fifties.

Colleagues
Among the prominent Seattle architects who worked for Anderson at some point in their careers are George Suyama, David Fukui, Jim Olson, Jerry Stickney, Ron Murphy, Jack R. Vincent and Gordon Walker. T. William Booth and Robert Koch joined Anderson's partnership in 1980, and Glen Duarte in 1985.

Partial list of buildings

Restoration and rehabilitation
 Capitol Brewing / Jackson Building (1963, Pioneer Square, Seattle)
 Union Trust Building (1965, Pioneer Square, Seattle)
 Grand Central Hotel, also known as a Squire-Latimer Building, now officially Grand Central on the Park (1971/1972, Pioneer Square, Seattle)
 Fisher Studio Building (1974, Downtown Seattle)
 Pioneer Building (1970–1975, Pioneer Square, Seattle)
 Smith Block, Butterworth Building, and Alaska Trade Building (1977, Pike Place Market Historical District, Seattle)
 Fort Worden Commander House (1976, Port Townsend, Washington; also known as "Commandant's House")
 Company Store (Port Gamble, Washington)
 Fairmount Hotel (1977, Pike Place Market Historical District, Seattle)
 American Can Company Building (1976–1977, Belltown / Central Waterfront, Seattle). This was the conversion to turn this building into the Seattle International Trade Center. It was later refitted again in 1999 as the headquarters of RealNetworks.

New buildings

 Dr. Tucker House (1957)
 Jans House (1959)
 McNair House (1961)
 Several buildings at the University of Washington: Friday Harbor Laboratories (1962–1967), San Juan Island
 Miller House (c. 1963)
 Broback Residence (1964, Medina, Washington)
 Waddington House (1964, Mercer Island)
 Ambaum Medical & Dental Clinic (1965, Seattle)
 Strom House (1965)
 Fisheries Center Addition at the University of Washington (1968, Seattle)
 Grey Gull Hotel (1969, Ocean Shores, Washington)
 Pifer House (1970, Queen Anne Hill)
 Williams House (1970, Evergreen Point, Medina, Washington)
 Three Tree Point House (1971, Burien, Washington)
 Runion House (1967)
 Bellefield Office Park (1972, Bellevue)
 Lamphere House (1973, West Seattle)
 Middleton, Berner & Wood Medical Building (1974, Bellevue)
 Seattle Trust Court (1977, Seattle)
 Marketplace North (1981, Belltown / Pike-Market, Seattle; with Bumgardner Partnership)
 North Capitol Hill Homes (North & South) (1996, Brace Point Partnership)

Notes

References
 .
 .
 .

1924 births
2010 deaths
Architects from Seattle
Modernist architects from the United States
University of Washington College of Built Environments alumni
Preservationist architects


Kimon Taliadoros (born 28 March 1968) is a former Australian footballer, sports commentator and businessman.  He is President of Football Victoria.

Football career
Taliadoros played over 11 seasons in the National Soccer League for South Melbourne, Marconi, Sydney Olympic, Collingwood Warriors and Parramatta Power. He also played nine times for the Australia national team.

Taliadoros was the first life member of the Australian Professional Footballers Association (formerly the "Australian Soccer Players' Association"), being elected to the Association's executive at its formation in 1993, then serving as Chief Executive 1994–95 and President 1995–98.

Post-football career
Taliadoros focused on developing a business career upon his retirement from football in 2002. He has worked for NineMSN, Boost Juice, News.com.au, and recently Australian brokerage firm Centric Wealth.

In addition to his business activities, Taliadoros is an occasional commentator for SBS Sport and Fox Sports Australia.

References

External links
 Aussie Footballers Tabain to Tathem

1968 births
Living people
Soccer players from Melbourne
Australian people of Greek descent
Australia men's international soccer players
South Melbourne FC players
Marconi Stallions FC players
Sydney Olympic FC players
Parramatta Power SC players
Association football commentators
Australian chief executives
Melbourne City FC non-playing staff
Collingwood Warriors SC players
Men's association football forwards
Australian men's soccer players


The Vraj Hindu Temple is located in Schuylkill County, in eastern Pennsylvania, United States, two miles west of the intersection of Routes 183 and 895.  It is a multimillion-dollar temple or haveli covering  of the land. Vraj is also known as Nootan  Nandalay, and abode for God Shrinathji (a manifestation of Krishna). It is visited by an average of 100,000 Hindu pilgrims per year. Vraj offers daily prayers (Darshans), annual events and volunteer opportunities for young people.

History
Before 1987, Vraj Hindu Temple was a Yoga recreational center. The land was bought in the summer of 1987 by the visionary and founder Govind Bhikhabhai Shah (Kaka) with the support of 29 others. The temple became official in November 1988 during the inaugural Patotsav Celebration when Shrinathji graced his presence for the first time at Vraj.

Darshans (prayer events)
The Temple has daily darshans. Darshan is a sanctum that is organized six times a day (everyday) as different prayers. Each Darshan has a special mood, emotion, clothes, music and food:
Mangala - to underline the auspiciousness of the beginning the day.
Shringar - Shrinathji is dressed, and a flower garland is placed around his neck.
Raajbhoog - the main meal of the day with different types of sweet.
Utthapan - for when Shrinathji is believed to wake up from afternoon siesta.
Sandhya Arati - an evening prayer with light garland.
Shayan - a celebration with music and drumming to herald the final prayer of the day.

Vraj Youth
Vraj contains a youth group consisting of young volunteers and students from all over the USA. It was created to encourage service to the community and broaden knowledge of Indian Heritage. Vraj youth members are mostly in high school, college, graduate school, or working with ages ranging anywhere from 16 to 28.

Vraj youth are involved in all occasions offered from the temple such as prayers, food, festive celebrations or any other community services.

Vraj youth also holds annual summer camps called Vraj Youth Camp. Youth of different age groups get together to enjoy a week of fun.

References

External links

Hindu temples in Pennsylvania
Religious organizations established in 1988
Buildings and structures in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Tourist attractions in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
1988 establishments in Pennsylvania
Indian-American culture in Pennsylvania
Asian-American culture in Pennsylvania


Jason Grill (born August 10, 1979) is a radio host and former Democratic member of the Missouri House of Representatives.

Grill attended University of Missouri School of Law, Saint Louis University, and Loyola University Chicago. He attended High-school at St. Pius X High School in Kansas City, Missouri.

Second-term state representative
In Grill's second term in the Missouri House of Representatives, he sponsored and passed legislation that expanded access to autism diagnosis, treatment and therapy. The legislation was passed with the support of both parties. The bill allowed families to finally get the insurance coverage their children needed. Governor Nixon signed the autism bill into law.

JGrill Media, Consulting, Attorney at Law
Grill is the owner of JGrill Media, LLC, where he focuses and consults on media relations and outreach, public relations and strategies, communications, marketing strategies, public/civic affairs and government relations. He also works as a local, state and national contributor, commentator and analyst. Grill writes for the Huffington Post, Politico, and the KC Business Magazine. He is a television political analyst for Fox 4 WDAF, and host of the Entrepreneur KC Show.

References

External links
 Jason Grill's Main Homepage

1979 births
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
Saint Louis University alumni
Loyola University Chicago alumni
University of Missouri School of Law alumni
Businesspeople in mass media


Dascyllus melanurus, known commonly as the four stripe damselfish, blacktail dascyllus, humbug damselfish, blacktail damselfish, and blacktail humbug, is a species of fish in the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the western Pacific Ocean. It is sometimes kept as an aquarium pet.

Description
The four striped damselfish is commonly found in Indo-Australian Archipelago and western Caroline Islands including Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, and the northern Great Barrier Reef of Australia. They are found at depths down to 33 feet, and it is associated with isolated coral heads in sheltered inshore habitats. Like all damselfish, they can be territorial and aggressive, especially as they get older. Four-striped Damselfish typically grow to about three or four inches. The less common species name is Dascyllus melanurus. They are also omnivores, eating anything ranging from algae to small fish or shrimp. Three alternating black and white vertical bands make up the body coloration with a fourth black band ending at the tail.

Ecology

Behavior
It travels in schools. It feeds on fish eggs, crustacean larvae, algae, ostracods, amphipods, copepods, and tunicates.

In aquarium
Juvenile school size can be up to 25. Sometimes, a juvenile would like to live alone. Adult is very aggressive and territorial.

References

External links

melanurus
Fish described in 1854


An Oak Tree is a conceptual work of art created by Michael Craig-Martin (born 1941) in 1973. The piece, described as an oak tree, is installed in two units – a pristine installation of a glass of water on a glass shelf on metal brackets 253 centimetres above the ground, and a text mounted on the wall. When first exhibited, the text was given as a handout.

The text takes the form of a Q&A about the artwork, in which Craig-Martin describes changing "a glass of water into a full-grown oak tree without altering the accidents of the glass of water," and explains that "the actual oak tree is physically present but in the form of the glass of water."
Craig-Martin considered "the work of art in such a way as to reveal its single basic and essential element, belief that is the confident faith of the artist in his capacity to speak and the willing faith of the viewer in accepting what he has to say".

The Catholic Herald compared the work to the Roman Catholic doctrine of Transubstantiation and the Real Presence.

The original is in the National Gallery of Australia, and an artist's copy is on loan to the Tate gallery.

Artwork

An Oak Tree is a work of art created by Michael Craig-Martin in 1973, and is now exhibited with the accompanying text, originally issued as a leaflet. The text is in red print on white; the object is a French Duralex glass, which contains water to a level stipulated by the artist and which is located on a glass shelf, whose ideal height is 253 centimetres with matte grey-painted brackets screwed to the wall. The text is behind glass and is fixed to the wall with four bolts. Craig-Martin has stressed that the components should maintain a pristine appearance and in the event of deterioration, the brackets should be resprayed and the glass and shelf even replaced.

The text contains a semiotic argument in the form of questions and answers, which explain that it is not a glass of water, but "a full-grown oak tree," created "without altering the accidents of the glass of water." The text defines accidents as "The colour, feel, weight, size...". The text includes the statement "It's not a symbol. I have changed the physical substance of the glass of water into that of an oak tree. I didn't change its appearance. The actual oak tree is physically present, but in the form of a glass of water." and "It would no longer be accurate to call it a glass of water. One could call it anything one wished but that would not alter the fact that it is an oak tree."

The impossible is deliberately asserted and the text examines the impossibility of the assertion, which uses the idea of transubstantiation in the same way as the Catholic religious belief that bread and wine, while maintaining an unchanged appearance, are changed into Christ's body and blood. Craig-Martin has a Catholic background and was an altar boy. He sees belief of both artist and viewer as having a key place in art, and that in An Oak Tree he had "deconstructed the work of art in such a way as to reveal its single basic and essential element", namely this belief.

An Oak Tree was a turning point in his artistic development: prior to it his concern had been deconstruction, and afterwards he was "trying to put the pieces together again." Subsequently, using the rationale of Marcel Duchamp's Fountain, he worked with drawings of utilitarian objects and flat areas of colour, with the goal of discarding meaning, which is "both persistent and unstable", although he states that people's need to create associations and meanings makes this goal unachievable.

History
An Oak Tree was first shown in an exhibition of Craig-Martin's work at the Rowan Gallery, off Bond Street, London, in 1974. Many visitors assumed that Craig-Martin was playing the ultimate con trick, as there seemed no evidence of work on display in the white-walled gallery. However, high up on a wall was the glass of water and the glass shelf of the work An Oak Tree. At this time the accompanying text was available as a leaflet.

The original was purchased by the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra in 1977; an artist's copy has been on loan to the Tate gallery in London from a private collection since 2000.

Craig-Martin said, "An Oak Tree has had a great life as an artwork. It is nearly always on view somewhere, and has been shown all over the world—the text has been translated into at least 20 languages. The only place it has never been shown is in the US."

It was once barred by Australian officials from entering the country as "vegetation". Craig-Martin was forced to inform them that it was really a glass of water. He said, "It was of course a wonderfully funny incident, particularly because it extended into 'real life' the discussion about belief and doubt, and fact and fiction I was addressing in the work."

An artist's copy was shown by Gagosian Gallery at Frieze Masters 2021 art fair in London.

“An Oak Tree” was first shown in Asia in May 2022 at the Hangaram Art Museum in southern Seoul, in Craig-Martin's solo retrospective “Here and Now.”

Critical reaction
An Oak Tree is a celebrated artwork, which the Irish Museum of Modern Art says is now recognised as a turning point in the development of conceptual art, although initially it was met with surprise, if not scorn. It has been described as "questioning the nature of reality."

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy states that "to fail to consider it a great work of art because it fails to give rise to a distinctively aesthetic kind of pleasure does not actually undermine the project at all. Conceptual art, as we now know, is about conveying meaning through a vehicular medium, and not to provide its audience with experiences of, say, beauty. Any attack on this fundamental feature of conceptual art targets not so much an individual work of art but rather finds fault with the artistic tradition itself."

In his Richard Dimbleby Lecture on 23 November 2000, Sir Nicholas Serota said, "We may not 'like' Craig-Martin's work, but it certainly reminds us that the appreciation of all art involves an act of faith comparable to the belief that, through transubstantiation, the bread and wine of Holy Communion become the body and blood of Christ."

Damien Hirst said, "That piece is, I think, the greatest piece of conceptual sculpture, I still can't get it out of my head."

Richard Cork called its original display in 1974 "one of the most challenging moments" of contemporary art.

Anthony Caro said, "Some of the stuff that's called art is just damned stupid. I mean, 'That glass of water's an oak tree' kind of thing." Art critic David Lee and the founders of the Stuckism art movement, Billy Childish and Charles Thomson also oppose it.

In response to Nigel Gosling's praise of the work, Giles Auty said, "How would the self-same critic react if, on ordering oak planks for an outhouse, he were sent instead a bucketful of water? Would he gently muse on 'the subtle and obscure waters of identity'—or make immediate reflections on the mental wellbeing of his timber suppliers?" Brian Sewell asked why "the miracle" was "a work of art fit only for a gallery, and not some thaumaturgical object venerated in a church?"

Michael Daley wrote that the work was "not a hard-won, skilful depiction of a glass and a shelf" and that for twenty years "instead of ridiculing the self-deluding, pretentious offerings of Craig-Martin and his like, critics fawned and eulogised."

Derivative works

Tim Crouch has written and performed an eponymous play to critical acclaim in New York and London. The Little Artists (John Cake and Darren Neave) feature a Lego version in "Art Craziest Nation".
An Oak Tree is quoted as an important influence in Ramsey Dukes' article Four Glasses of Water first published in The Journal for the Academic Study of Magic Issue 2, 2004.

See also
Substance theory

Notes and references

External links
John Tusa Interview with Michael Craig-Martin
"Live In Your Head: Concept And Experiment In Britain, 1965-75" ArtForum,  Summer, 2000  by James Meyer

Conceptual art
Modernist sculpture
Works by Michael Craig-Martin
1973 sculptures
Contemporary works of art
Water in art