Radical America was a left-wing political  magazine in the United States established in 1967. The magazine was founded by Paul Buhle and Mari Jo Buhle, activists in Students for a Democratic Society and served during its first few years of existence as an unofficial theoretical journal of that organization. During the 1970s and 1980s, the magazine changed to take on more of an academic Marxist flavor. With contributions from academics dwindling during the decade of the 1990s, the magazine was terminated in 1999.

Publication history

Establishment
Radical America was founded by members of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in 1967. The initial editors were Paul Buhle and Mari Jo Buhle in their graduate school days, operating in Madison, Wisconsin.  In the first few years, it served as the "unofficial journal of SDS." Dan Georgakas wrote that its importance lay in that it "was on the scholarly cutting edge of a social movement that often has been accused of lacking intellectual substance.

Initially, subscriptions were sold at a discount rate to national SDS members. The Buhles relocated to the Boston, Massachusetts area, and brought the journal with them.  By the time of the Boston move the journal was independent from the SDS.

Content

The journal, published in Somerville, Massachusetts, focused on topical issues of concern to the left and society at large, such as women's liberation, working class radicalism and busing. Beginning in 1970, each issue had a dedicated focus upon one issue. Mainly, during the 1970s, the journal evolved in a direction concerned with New Left issues, rather than traditional, Old Left concern with strengthening ties with trade unions.  It was particularly active in the 1970s, as authors related the experiences of feminist and autonomous work-place activists.

Circulation

According to the publication's published annual "Statement of Ownership, Management and Circulation" required by the Post Office Department, the average press run of Radical America for the twelve months ending in October 1982 was 4,100, with an average mail subscription of about 2,330. Bulk sales and sales through vendors accounted for another 1,270 copies, according to the 1982 report by editor John P. Demeter.

Demise

By the 1980s the journal branched to addressing gay issues and rock music. During the late 1980s, article contributions dwindled as academics left the journal.

Footnotes

Further reading

 Paul Buhle (ed.), History and the New Left: Madison, Wisconsin, 1950-1970. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990.
 James Green (ed.), Workers' Struggles, Past and Present: A "Radical America" Reader. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983.

External links
 "Radical America, 1967-1999." Brown University Library Center for Digital Archives.
 "Radical America: Digital Edition," Brown University Library Center for Digital Archives. —Large run of issues in pdf format.
 "The Search for a Useable Past: An Interview with Paul Buhle on Radical America", Viewpoint Magazine, March 2, 2015..

1967 establishments in Wisconsin
1999 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Alternative magazines
Defunct political magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1967
Magazines disestablished in 1999
Marxist magazines
Magazines published in Massachusetts
Magazines published in Wisconsin
New Left


The Osetr class were a group of submarines built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo–Japanese War. The boats were ordered in the 1904 emergency programme. The boats were designed by American engineer Simon Lake and had wheels fitted for moving around on the sea bed as well as wet/dry chambers for divers. Osetr was the former Protector sold by Lake to the Russians and re-assembled in Russia.  The diving depth was around .

Ships

All ships were built by the Lake company at the Libau Arsenal (Latvia) and were launched in 1904

References
 Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921

Submarine classes
Submarines of the Imperial Russian Navy


Alex Macintosh (18 November 1925 – 7 September 1997) was a BBC presenter and continuity announcer from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s. He was also the voice artist heard during the first British-broadcast advertisement, for Gibbs SR Toothpaste on ITV, 22 September 1955.

Career
Macintosh was a BBC TV in-vision announcer from 1955 to 1961, which led to him becoming a presenter on other BBC programmes.

Other work included a spell as a regional presenter on Come Dancing (between 1957 and 1966; and again 1968–1972). In 1962, he guest-starred in an episode of Brian Rix's Dial RIX as a host of "Come Prancing."

In 1957 he played a TV Interviewer in There's Always a Thursday.

In addition to BBC work, Macintosh's voice was heard on the very first advert for Gibbs SR Toothpaste that was shown at 8.12pm on the opening night of ITV on 22 September 1955.

In 1961, he presented the London area news magazine Town and Around, and was a relief news reader in March 1961.

In 1962, he played the part of Paul Kay, newspaper reporter, in Dead Man's Evidence.

Macintosh also took many supporting roles in a variety of TV programmes, often as a TV reporter, interviewer or newsreader, in which guise he appeared in episodes of R3 (1965), The Troubleshooters (1969) and Doctor Who (Day of the Daleks) (1972).

Later life
After a considerable stint with the BBC, Macintosh worked for an Australian TV company in Sydney, before retiring to Norfolk where he pursued an interest in portrait painting.

Quotes

References

External links

Whirligig TV: "Interludes and Announcers"

1925 births
1997 deaths
Radio and television announcers
British television presenters


Rafał Augustyn (born August 28, 1951, in Wrocław, Poland) is a composer of classical music, and a pianist, music critic, writer and scholar of Polish philology. As a composer he has written symphonies, chamber orchestra works, vocal and electronic music, as well as music for theatre. Since the mid-1990s, Augustyn has collaborated with visual artists, architects and photographers on numerous multimedia art works.

Education and career
Augustyn studied composition under Ryszard Bukowski at the State Higher School of Music in Wrocław between 1971 and 1974, and between 1975 and 1977 at the State Higher School of Music in Katowice, where he studied under Henryk Górecki. In 1979, Augustyn began to teach at the Institute of Polish Philology at Wrocław University and has remained there since. His works have had numerous performances at the Warsaw Autumn Festival, as well as at other Polish festivals, and across Europe, North America and the Far East. As a music writer and critic he has written for such journals and periodicals as Ruch Muzyczny and Odra.

As a music critic, he has also published reviews in music and literary press as well as appearing on the Polish Radio and Television. In 1984–94, together with Marek Pijarowski, he was director of the "Musica Polonica Nova" Festival of Polish Contemporary Music in Wrocław. In 1980–98 he was a member of the Repertoire Committee of the "Warsaw Autumn" International Festival of Contemporary Music. He was co-founder of the "Brevis" Music Publishers.

Style
Along with Andrzej Krzanowski and Eugeniusz Knapik, Augustyn is sometimes included as a member of the so-called "Silesian School"; that is, a group of composers who studied under Górecki in Katowice, Silesia, and are noted for their break with the current dominant postmodernist approach to classical music in Poland.

One of his major pieces, his "Symphony of Hymns", took 20 years to complete, typically lasts for 100 minutes and requires an orchestra of over 170 players. It was described in 2004 by the music critic Tim Rutherford-Johnson as,
"a monster of a work....[but] has that broad sweeping feel of neo-Romanticism that one might expect from a contemporary Polish symphonist, although it features none of Górecki’s direct simplicity, or Penderecki’s gloomy ponderousness. It does however...continually blur the line between orchestration and form. Melody and harmony are present, but not discernible as such; more important is a lilting shifting of colours that tumbles the music forward."

Selected works

Citations

Bibliography
 Adrian, Thomas. "Augustyn Rafał". In: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Second Edition, volume 2. London: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2001.
 Bauman, Jolanta. "Charakterystyka sylwetki twórczej Rafała Augustyna (Rafał Augustyn’s artistic individuality)". In: Research conference on the topic of "The Work of Wrocław Composers (1945–1985)". Wrocław: Akademia Muzyczna we Wrocławiu, 1990.
 Zduniak, Maria. "Augustyn Rafał". In: Encyklopedia Muzyczna PWM. Kraków: PWM, 1998.

20th-century classical composers
Polish composers
21st-century classical composers
1951 births
Living people
Polish male classical composers
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians


Rosyjska ruletka (English translation: Russian Roulette) was a Polish game show based on the original American format of Russian Roulette. The show was hosted by Krzysztof Ibisz (earlier by actor Henryk Talar). The main goal of the game was to win 100,000 zlotys. Rosyjska Ruletka was broadcast from 2002 to 2004. It was shown on the Polish TV station Polsat. Only one person won zl 100,000.

Differences from U.S. Version

Program Length and Number of Contestants
Unlike the American format of Russian Roulette, which only ran a half-hour and had four players, the Polish version ran 60 minutes and had five contestants.

Time Limit to Answer
The players also had 30 seconds to answer in the first season and 20 in the second season (as opposed to just 10 in the US), and also kept track of the players' heart rates throughout the show (first season only).

Cash Amounts per Question
The contestants all began Round 1 with zl 300, with correct answers adding that amount to the total.  Like the US version, a wrong answer gave all money to the challenger, and the contestant had to play Russian Roulette by pulling the lever in front of them.  The values increased to zl 600 for Round 2, zl 1,000 for Round 3, and zl 1,500 for Round 4.  Also unlike the US version, in Round 4, the contestant in control couldn't answer the question themselves. They always had to challenge their opponent.

Unlike the US version, which increased the number of drop zones per question (up to a maximum of five), the number of drop zones remained the same for the entire round, but matching the number of the round (1 drop zone in Round 1, 2 drop zones in Round 2, etc.; only the bonus round ever saw a use of five drop zones).

Question Format

The Polish version also increased the number of possible answers for each question in each round: two possible answers for Round 1, three for Round 2, four for Round 3, and five for Round 4.  The bonus round questions did not have multiple choice answers.

Unlike the US version, where each round was played with a time limit, both Polish versions used a specific maximum number of questions:

Round 1: 8 questions with 2 possible answers
Round 2: 7 questions with 3 possible answers
Round 3: 6 questions with 4 possible answers
Round 4: 5 questions with 5 possible answers

If nobody dropped by the time all questions had been exhausted, the player in the lead won immunity from the drop zones and had to pull the lever on the host's podium to send somebody else to drop.  In this circumstance, if the player who dropped had any money in their bank account, it was then divided evenly among the remaining players.  If there was a tie for the lead, the host pulled the lever, and all players were in danger of dropping.

In the case of Round 4, if all questions were used, the host pulled his podium's lever to start one last game of Russian Roulette to determine the winner, regardless of scores.

Starting Each Round

In the first season, the host pulled a lever in the center of the stage, and a blue light spun around to determine the first player.  The second season just announced which player was randomly selected to start first (although also done by a random spin as triggered by the host; but this time the red light spun around the whole set with all other lights blue).

Bonus Round

First Version

In the first season, the contestant pulled the lever on the host's podium to randomly assign trapdoors to open, but he/she wouldn't know if the trapdoor would open or not if he/she gave a wrong answer to a question (with no multiple choice).  Giving a correct answer meant the contestant won the money and had the option to quit or continue.  Giving a wrong answer but standing on a safe zone meant the contestant won no money but was allowed to continue while standing on a drop zone rigged to open would mean he or she would drop out of the game and lose all bonus winnings accumulated (front game winnings were safe).  The first question was worth zl 5,000 the second worth zl 25,000, and the third worth zl 100,000.  Players could quit after a correct answer and take the winnings.

For the first question in this version, 3 dropzones were active; for the second, 4; and, for the third, 5 dropzones.  Thus, the risk was greater as the rewards increased.

It is not known what would have happened had a contestant playing for zl 100,000 gave the wrong answer, but picked the one trap door that wouldn't open, as this never happened.

Second Version

In the second season, the bonus round required 10 correct answers within 60 seconds a total of three times in order to win zl 100,000, with a drop zone opening every 10 seconds.  If time ran out or the player gave one incorrect answer, he/she dropped out of the game.

The first time around, the player would win zl 5,000 for giving 10 correct answers.  The second time around, the player would win zl 25,000, and the third time, the player would win zl 100,000.  All bonus winnings were added to the player's winnings from the main game, and players could quit with their winnings at any time.  If they chose to continue, however, it was all or nothing.

Only one player won zl 100,000, and her win was later featured in the show's introduction.

Notes

The second season's set and graphics were changed to reflect the American version, and the music was updated.  It was also used to promote a very lively environment with noisy crowds, while the first version's set was dark, and the music was legitimately scary, leaving the audience to only get lively near the end (though sometimes the audience would liven up to get behind a player they'd support).

When Ibisz hosted the program, he'd frequently make references to his other game show, Awantura o kasę.

References

Polish game shows
2002 Polish television series debuts
2004 Polish television series endings
2000s Polish television series
Polsat original programming


Foreign relations exist between Austria and Saudi Arabia.  Both countries had diplomatic contact since 7 July 1880, with the opening of an Austrian consulate in Jeddah (then under Ottoman occupation).  Official and direct diplomatic relations were established on 10 September 1957.
Today, Austria has an embassy in Riyadh and Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Vienna.

In October 2001, the President of Austria Thomas Klestil paid a state visit to Saudi Arabia.

In April 2004, then Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia paid a state visit to Austria.

In March 2006, the President of Austria Heinz Fischer paid a state visit to Saudi Arabia.

See also
 Foreign relations of Austria
 Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia
 Austria–Turkey relations

Notes and references

External links
  Austria Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties (in German only)
  Austrian embassy in Riyadh
  Saudi embassy in Vienna (in Arabic and German only)

Saudi Arabia
Bilateral relations of Saudi Arabia


The Ilyushin Il-22, USAF/DOD designation Type 10, was the first Soviet jet-engined bomber to fly. It used four Lyulka TR-1 turbojets carried on short horizontal pylons ahead and below the wing. The engines did not meet their designed thrust ratings and their fuel consumption was higher than planned. These problems meant that the aircraft could not reach its required performance and it was cancelled on 22 September 1947.

Design and development
The Council of Ministers ordered the Ilyushin design bureau on 12 February 1946 to begin work on a bomber that would use four of the new TR-1 jet engines. Experiences with the first generation of jet fighters had revealed unsuspected problems involved with high-speed flight and Ilyushin devoted much effort to mitigate them. The long and thin unswept wing was conventional in appearance, but it was shaped to improve lateral stability at high angles of attack and to prevent the onset of tip stall.

Another problem discovered by the jet fighters was unexpectedly dropping a wing at high speeds and high altitudes. This was traced to manufacturing defects in the wings that made no difference at low speeds and altitudes, but meant that each wing had a slightly different airfoil and, hence, a different amount of lift. To counter this Sergey Ilyushin and his team developed a new manufacturing technique that reversed the traditional practice where the internal supporting members were affixed to the assembly jig and the aircraft's skin panels were then attached. This new method meant that the skin panels were placed in the jigs where the correct curvature and shape could be guaranteed and the internal structure was then fastened to them. This required that manufacturing joints be used along the chord lines of the wings and tail surfaces, which split the spars and ribs in half. Similarly, the fuselage was built the same way, although it was split vertically along the centerline. This new technique did impose a small weight penalty but had the unexpected advantage of greatly accelerating the assembly process, as the internal equipment could be installed before the halves were joined together. This allowed several teams to work on a single sub-assembly before they were mated.

Most of the other multi-engined jet aircraft in existence, when the Il-22 was being designed, either had the engines in a nacelle (singly or in pairs) directly attached to the underside of the wing or were buried in the wing itself. Clustering them in a nacelle offered several advantages over individual nacelles, as it reduced overall drag and minimized interference drag, but had the major operational disadvantage that an uncontained fire in one engine could disable its neighbor as well. Early jet engines were not reliable, so this was a significant risk. Ilyushin chose to put the TR-1 engines ahead and below the wing leading edge on short horizontal pylons. This gave them the beneficial effect of acting as anti-flutter weights and proved to be more efficient aerodynamically than underwing nacelles. This also facilitated engine changes and maintenance by making them more accessible to the ground crews.

Neither the thin wing nor the engine nacelles offered any place to store the main landing gear so the fuselage was designed as a flattened oval to give them as wide a track as possible. This also provided plenty of room for the  of fuel stored in three bags, one each ahead, above and behind the bomb bay. This could carry up to  of bombs. The stepless fuselage nose was largely glazed and came to a rounded point (similar to the noses of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Heinkel He 111 and Arado Ar 234) to reduce drag. The Il-22 had a crew of five, two pilots in the nose, the bombardier-navigator in front of them in the tip of the nose, the dorsal gunner/radio operator immediately behind the pilots and the rear turret gunner behind the tail.

A  Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 autocannon with 150 rounds was fixed on the lower starboard side of the nose; it was fired by the pilot who had a primitive ring sight to use for aiming. The dorsal turret mounted two  Berezin B-20E guns with 400 rounds per gun and was capable of 360° of traverse, with special microswitches preventing the gunner from firing into the bomber's tail. The turret was remotely controlled by the radio operator and was powered by electric motors for both traverse and elevation. The gunner and his gunsight used a small observation blister at the rear of the main crew compartment to lay the guns on their target. The sight automatically compensated for parallax between the gunner and the turret as well as the required amount of target lead and the shell's ballistics. The remote-control system offered several advantages including a smaller turret that had less drag, the guns could be fixed more rigidly to their mounts, the sight was not exposed to vibrations from firing and could track targets more smoothly and the gunner's comfort did not have to be sacrificed to optimize the performance of the turret. The major disadvantage, of course, was that the analog computer remote control system was exceedingly complicated for the period and prone to breaking down, just like the even more complex systems in use on the B-29 Superfortress. The rear gunner was placed at the very tail of the Il-22 to optimize his field of fire in an electro-hydraulically powered Il-KU3 turret that mounted another NS-23 cannon. The turret could traverse a total of 140°, elevate 35° and depress 30°.

Testing and evaluation
The prototype Il-22 was rapidly assembled and made its first flight on 24 July 1947. It proved to have docile handling characteristics, but was severely underpowered as the TR-1 engines produced only 80% of the required thrust. During the latter part of the manufacturer's flight tests the Il-22 made the first-ever Soviet jet-assisted (rocket-assisted, RATO) takeoff on 7 February 1948 with a pair of SR-2 boosters. As the thrust of the engines could not be increased in a timely manner Ilyushin made the decision not to submit the bomber for state acceptance trials as its performance did not meet the requirements laid down for it in 1946.

Specifications (Il-22)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
Gordon, Yefim. Early Soviet Jet Bombers. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004.
 Gordon, Yefim and Dmitriy and Sergey Komissarov. OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. London: Ian Allan, 2004. .
 Němeček, Václav. The History of Soviet Aircraft from 1918. London: Willow Books, 1986. .

External links

 Il-22 on ram-home.com

1940s Soviet bomber aircraft
Il-022
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Quadjets
Aircraft first flown in 1947


Cyclonic Storm Rashmi (IMD designation: BOB 05, JTWC designation: 04B) was the seventh tropical cyclone of the 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season and second cyclonic storm, as well as the fifth tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal that year. A fairly weak tropical cyclone, it caused some notable damage in Bangladesh and India.

An area of low pressure formed within the Bay of Bengal on October 24. It was designated as Depression BOB 05 the next day by the India Meteorological Department. The depression was declared a deep depression early on October 26, whilst the Joint Typhoon Warning Center designated the depression as Cyclone 04B later that day with wind speeds equivalent to a tropical storm. Later that day, the IMD upgraded the deep depression into a cyclonic storm and named it as Rashmi. Rashmi then reached both its peak one- and three-minute sustained wind speeds, as it made landfall on the Bangladesh coast late on October 26. Early the next day the JTWC issued its final advisory on Rashmi as the IMD downgraded Rashmi to a deep depression. Later that day the IMD, having noted that Rashmi had weakened rapidly, downgraded the deep depression to a well marked area of low pressure and released their final advisory.

The name Rashmi was submitted by Sri Lanka, to the World Meteorological Organisation's Tropical Cyclone Committee. Rashmi (pronounced Rush-mee) is a Sinhalese word, which means "ray of light".

Meteorological history

On October 24, 2008, an area of low pressure formed in the North Indian Ocean, within the central Bay of Bengal. Later that day the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, designated it as a Tropical Disturbance and assessed its chances of forming into a significant tropical cyclone within the next 24 hours as fair. The next day as the India Meteorological Department reported that the disturbance had intensified into a depression and assigned the number BOB 05 to the depression. The JTWC then upgraded the depression's chances of forming into a significant cyclone to Good and issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the depression.

Early on October 26 the IMD upgraded the depression to a deep depression, with wind speeds of 30 knots (35 mph, 55 km/h). At the same time the JTWC designated the depression as Cyclone 04B. Later that day the IMD reported that the Deep Depression had intensified into a Cyclonic Storm with it being named as Rashmi. During that evening the IMD reported that Rashmi had reached its peak 3 minute wind speeds of 40 knots, whilst the JTWC also reported that Rashmi had reached its peak 1 minute wind speeds of 45 knots.

Early the next day the IMD reported that Rashmi had made landfall on the Bangladesh coast, near Barisal. As a result of making landfall Rashmi started to weaken rapidly by becoming a Deep Depression, early that morning before being downgraded to a well marked area of low pressure, later during the morning.

Preparations and impact

India
Five people were killed as incessant rains accompanied by winds hit the state of Meghalaya, India. The cyclone's incessant rainfall accompanied by gusty winds had caused flash floods in three districts of Assam - Kamrup, Sonitput and inundated vast tracts of land besides rendering people homeless. The flash floods occurred as neighbouring Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh released excess waters from their reservoirs due to increased water levels caused by incessant rains for the last two days by cyclone Rashmi

Bangladesh
The Disaster Management Information Centre in Bangladesh issued cyclone warnings for various ports in Bangladesh including the Port of Mongla. As a result of these cyclone warnings, harbour activities were suspended for two days.

15 people were killed and thousands of homes were also damaged. Rashmi brought down electrical and telephone poles and uprooted trees; large areas of acres of crops were also destroyed. At least 50 fishermen were reported missing when about 15 fishing trawlers capsized offshore.

See also

 Timeline of the 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

References

External links
India Meteorological Department
Joint Typhoon Warning Center

Rashmi
Rashmi
Rashmi


Ferreira Louis Marius Amorim de Moraes, (born March 13, 1953, in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil) is a modern Brazilian painter and supporter of naïve art. He began his artistic career in 1979 and currently lives and works in Peruíbe, São Paulo, Brazil.

Life and career
The works of Ferreira depict the images of paradise of Atlantic Forest, its birds, its fountains and its natives. His work looks forward to show the truth revealed every day in this region, more precisely at the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station. Since young, in addition to painting, also attracted interest in music, influenced by the grandfather who was a conductor and pianist. His mother was also pianist and encouraged him to be interested in art.

Ferreira, who lived part of his childhood with the grandparents, played with the leftovers of canvases and paints which his grandmother, who was painting on porcelain and created small works of painting, offered him. When a teenager, lived with his parents in São Vicente - coast of São Paulo - and liked to attend a town of fishermen in the region, called Guamium. Spent much of the time in this community, and with the fishermen, many of them caiçaras, learned to make pirogues, entanglement, canoes and kept learning his fishing techniques, eventually becoming a professional fisherman.

While pleased with such activities and earned a living this way, Ferreira has never stopped drawing. Scribbled and painted scenes from daily life, of landscapes of the seashore, of bars, boats and ports, using what was at hand, coal, crayons, colored pencil or ink leftovers from painting the boats.

Later, when the fishing became impossible because of environmental degradation, started to work at the port of Santos, and it was there that he realized that the tourists were interested in his painting style, and then started to paint and sell small canvases with acrylic ink. The beginning was difficult, but still, he realized it could improve, expand his horizons and live of the sale of his artwork.

Between 1989 and 1990, had already sold his works in the Republic Square in São Paulo, the traditional art fair in that city. In the 1990s began to exhibit his work in the gallery Jacques Ardie in São Paulo. The recognition was immediate. He sold all work in his 1st exhibition individual and started to export to France and the United States. His work began to have great international acceptance and, since that, has made worldwide exhibitions and his canvases figure museums and private collections in several countries.

Ferreira puts in the canvases his experience, which his work reveals to be very personal and internalized. He interprets the reality in which he worked and the universe where he lives, with extreme visual sincerity. His style is marked with bright colors, a lot of imagination and the power of synthesis. This brings to his work lots of acceptance in the USA and in France, also in Israel, Canada, Spain, Switzerland, Mexico, and Japan. Ferreira develops a naïve line based on intuition, which rose up naturally and stays in constant technical improvement, with current interest in the Dutch masters.

Above all, Ferreira's art has an aesthetic concern. It doesn't surrender to individual preferences of the observer,  but looks for the best way to express his inner world through a professional attitude concerning the arts. This means an intense and serious action against accommodation. The ways of maturation of his personal style include a visionary attitude. Ferreira has never quit researching, about topics as well as technique, in order to unite the power of intuition with an aesthetical research about Jureia's universe. The painter is not limited to repeating formulas, even if they appear to work.

One of the fascinations of being an autodidact is precisely in the power of not following any certain school. His production becomes more and more sophisticated by the commitment of making better works, developing variations according to his own capacity of working elements like color and composition.

The fidelity to individualism of own ideas and the commitment to construct an increasingly cohesive plastic work, without losing the lyricism and a distinguished poetic, ensure Ferreira's position as an authentically naïve artist. The compositions with mountains, forests and rivers or inlets establish a plastic balance, in terms of formal elements and, above all, philosophical, since Ferreira's canvases don't transmit disquiet. They are a manifestation of serenity in the troubled universe of the 21st century.

To gallerist Munira Calluf, owner of "Um Lugar ao Sol" Gallery of Arts, Ferreira is maybe today's most outstanding naïve name in Brazil.

Exhibitions and awards
Solo Exhibitions
1979 São Vicente Yacht Club, São Paulo
1980 Secretary of Culture of São Joao da Boa Vista, São Paulo
1991 Medical Association of Santos, São Paulo
1994 Jacques Ardies Gallery, São Paulo
1997 Jacques Ardies Gallery, São Paulo
2004 Jacques Ardies Gallery, São Paulo
2006 Galerie Jacqueline Bricard, Lourmarin, France
2007 Um Lugar ao Sol Art Gallery, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
.

Prizes
1980 Honorable Mention, Expofarps, University of Art of Santos, São Paulo - Brazil
1991 1st Place, Folklore Art Group, Town Council of Santos, São Paulo - Brazil
1997 first place prize of the jury - Chapel Art Show – São Paulo - Brazil
First place in the popular vote - Chapel Art Show – São Paulo - Brazil

External links
Gallery of International Naïve Art - Tel Aviv - Israel
Gallery of International Naïve Art (gina), New York
Galeria de Arte "Um Lugar ao Sol" - Curitiba - Brazil

References

1953 births
Living people
People from Santos, São Paulo
Naïve painters
Contemporary painters
Brazilian painters
People from Peruíbe


Jan Werle (born 15 January 1984) is a Dutch chess grandmaster who as of October 27, 2023, has a FIDE rating of 2550.

Early success
Werle began learning chess at the age of five, after watching his father play with a friend. He progressed rapidly, winning medals at the European Youth Chess Championships at Kallithea in 2000 and 2001, where he took bronze in the Under-16 age category and silver in the Under-18 category, respectively.

Further chess activity
Werle continued to develop over the next years, combining a structured coaching regime with frequent tournament practice. He became an International Master in 2001 and a grandmaster in 2006.

Asked about his chess style, he comments that he regards himself primarily as a positional player, but one that can cope well with tactical complications. Recently, he has worked with Dutch number one Ivan Sokolov to improve the opening phase of his game and with club-mate Sergei Tiviakov, has analyzed some of the games of the old masters, such as Botvinnik, Smyslov and Petrosian. He laments the passing of a time when such creative geniuses could fashion themselves an original playing style.

He was the runner-up at Groningen 2005 and at the Corus 'C' Group (Wijk aan Zee) 2006, winner of the Essent Open 2006 and winner at Lodi in 2007. At Liverpool in 2008, he made only a last-minute decision to enter the EU Individual Open Chess Championship and won the event, ahead of many of Europe's leading players, including Michael Adams, Nigel Short, Étienne Bacrot and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave.

Team events
In the German Bundesliga, he was played for SG Aljechin Solingen, alongside compatriots Daniel Stellwagen, Jan Smeets and Sipke Ernst. In 2015/2016, he joined the Bundesliga team of Werder Bremen.

He also plays league chess in the Netherlands and speaks highly of his experiences in England, where he has represented the Bristol team in the 4NCL.

Although he is yet to play for the national team in formal competition, he has been a regular participant in the Howard Staunton Memorial Tournament in London (which occasionally doubles as an informal England vs Netherlands match).

Other interests

Werle studied law at Groningen University while continuing to improve his chess. He admits that he finds the mental rigours of two such analytical and memory-intensive disciplines extremely demanding and can see the benefits of combining academic study with a more physical sport. His favourite sporting pastimes are football, tennis and rowing.

Regarding the future, his aspirations as a professional chess player are quite modest and he thinks it more likely that his long-term future will be as a practitioner of civil law.

Werle married Romanian chess Woman Grandmaster Iozefina Păuleţ on 7 September 2019.

Notable chess games
Jan Werle v Daniel Fridman - played at the 7th round of the EU championships in Liverpool 2008.
Jan Werle v Peter Wells - played at the Staunton Memorial, London 2008.

References
 Dutch Wikipedia entry
 Chessdom Interview
 Corus 2007 biography
 Jan Werle website homepage

Footnotes

External links

1984 births
Living people
People from Warnsveld
Chess grandmasters
Dutch chess players
Sportspeople from Gelderland
21st-century Dutch people


This Is Now is the second studio album by Australian Idol finalist and Australian singer-songwriter Cosima De Vito. It was released nearly 3 years after her debut, Cosima, and like Cosima was released independently, although unlike her debut, this album did not chart on the ARIA Albums Chart. The first single from the album, Keep It Natural charted at number 112 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

Track listing
"Keep It Natural"
"Movin' On"
"I Deserve Better Than That"
"I'm Free"
"Take Me Back Home"
"I Forgive You (Not)"
"Never Be a Woman in Chains"
"So Alive"
"Left Waiting"
"Forever Young"

2007 albums
Cosima De Vito albums


Hugh Acland may refer to:

Sir Hugh Acland, 5th Baronet (c. 1639–1714), English baron and member of Parliament
Sir Hugh Acland, 6th Baronet (1697–1728), English baron
Sir Hugh Acland (surgeon) (1874–1956), New Zealand surgeon
Sir Jack Acland (Hugh John Acland, 1904–1981), New Zealand politician

See also
Acland (surname)


The 1950–51 New York Knicks season was the fifth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Knicks finished in third place in the Eastern Division, and their 36–30 record gave them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the fifth consecutive year.

New York faced the Boston Celtics in the first round of the Eastern Division playoffs, and won the best-of-three series 2–0 to advance to the division finals. In that series, the Knicks defeated the Syracuse Nationals 3–2 in a best-of-five series, earning the franchise's first trip to the NBA Finals. The Rochester Royals faced the Knicks in the Finals, and won the first three games of the best-of-seven series. New York won the next three games to even up the series, but Rochester won the seventh game by a score of 79–75.

NBA draft

Note: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.

Roster
{| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 95%; width: 100%;"|}
|-
! colspan="2" style="background-color: #FF7518;  color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | New York Knicks 1950–51 roster
|- style="background-color: #0000FF; color: #FFFFFF;   text-align: center;"
! Players !! Coaches
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="sortable" style="background:transparent; margin:0px; width:100%;"|}
! Pos. !! # !! Nat. !! Name !! Ht. !! Wt. !! From
|-

Regular season

Season standings

x = clinched playoff spot

Record vs. opponents

Game log

Playoffs

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| March 20
| @ Boston
| W 83–69
| Vince Boryla (20)
| —
| Boston Garden
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| March 22
| Boston
| W 92–78
| Max Zaslofsky (27)
| Dick McGuire (9)
| Madison Square Garden III
| 2–0
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| March 28
| Syracuse
| W 103–92
| Vince Boryla (30)
| Dick McGuire (13)
| Madison Square Garden III
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| March 29
| @ Syracuse
| L 80–102
| Ray Lumpp (16)
| Vandeweghe, McGuire (5)
| State Fair Coliseum
| 1–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| March 31
| Syracuse
| W 77–75 (OT)
| Harry Gallatin (18)
| —
| Madison Square Garden III
| 2–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4
| April 1
| @ Syracuse
| L 83–90
| Max Zaslofsky (20)
| Dick McGuire (9)
| State Fair Coliseum
| 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5
| April 4
| Syracuse
| W 83–81
| Vince Boryla (23)
| Ernie Vandeweghe (5)
| Madison Square Garden III
| 3–2
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| April 7
| @ Rochester
| L 65–92
| Vince Boryla (13)
| Simmons, Clifton (10)
| Ernie Vandeweghe (4)
| Edgerton Park Arena4,200
| 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| April 8
| @ Rochester
| L 84–99
| Max Zaslofsky (28)
| Harry Gallatin (17)
| Vince Boryla (7)
| Edgerton Park Arena4,200
| 0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| April 11
| Rochester
| L 71–78
| Vince Boryla (20)
| Nat Clifton (11)
| Dick McGuire (7)
| 69th Regiment Armory5,000
| 0–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| April 13
| Rochester
| W 79–73
| Harry Gallatin (22)
| Nat Clifton (17)
| Zaslofsky, Clifton (6)
| 69th Regiment Armory4,000
| 1–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5
| April 15
| @ Rochester
| W 92–89
| Connie Simmons (26)
| Nat Clifton (10)
| Nat Clifton (7)
| Edgerton Park Arena4,200
| 2–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 6
| April 18
| Rochester
| W 80–73
| Max Zaslofsky (23)
| Ernie Vandeweghe (8)
| Dick McGuire (6)
| 69th Regiment Armory4,500
| 3–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 7
| April 21
| @ Rochester
| L 75–79
| Zaslofsky, Boryla (16)
| Harry Gallatin (10)
| Ernie Vandeweghe (5)
| Edgerton Park Arena4,200
| 3–4
|-

Player statistics

Season

Playoffs

Awards and records
Dick McGuire, All-NBA Second Team

See also
1950–51 NBA season

References

External links
1950–51 New York Knickerbockers Statistics
Royals Reign, Despite Knicks' Unlikely Comeback

New York Knicks
New York Knicks seasons
New York Knicks
New York Knicks seasons
1950s in Manhattan
Madison Square Garden


Re Agriplant Services Ltd [1997] 2 BCLC 598 is a UK insolvency law case, concerning voidable preferences under s 239 of the Insolvency Act 1986. It is an example of what will be considered an unlawful and voidable preference when a company is close to insolvency.

Facts
Agriplant leased some equipment from Closed Asset Finance Ltd (CAF) for its agricultural and earth moving business. It owed £20,000 to CAF, and the debt was guaranteed by Agriplant's majority shareholder, Mr George Sagar. An accountant advised no payments should be made to any creditors, but when Agriplant got more money on one of its contracts, it paid off CAF. It went into liquidation shortly after. One of the liquidators was the accountant. The liquidators sought an order that Mr Sagar or CAF should repay the £20,000 sum. Mr Sagar argued he had no desire to put himself or CAF in a better position before liquidation began.

Judgment
Jonathan Parker J ordered repayment by Closed Asset Finance Ltd of the £20,000. It was indisputable that the payment to CAF improved CAF's position and Mr Sagar's position (because he was going to be liable under the guarantee). It was therefore a voidable preference under the Insolvency Act 1986, s.239(4). Mr Sagar had his own liability in mind, so he wanted to reduce Agriplant's debt and his own personal liability.

See also
Re MC Bacon Ltd (No 1) [1990] BCC 78 Ch D

Notes

United Kingdom insolvency case law
High Court of Justice cases
1997 in United Kingdom case law


Daniel-Bek Abisoghomi Pirumyan (; 22 November 1861 – 1922) was an Armenian military commander who served in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and in the army of the First Republic of Armenia. He was one of the commanders of Armenian forces at the Battle of Sardarabad. During the Turkish–Armenian War of 1920, he commanded the unsuccessful defense of Kars and was taken prisoner.

Biography
Daniel-Bek Pirumyan was born in 1861 in Nakhichevanik village of the Elisabethpol Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh). He graduated from the public school in Shusha and began his service in the Imperial Russian Army in 1881 in Yerevan. He studied at the Tiflis Infantry School and the Infantry Officers' School in Oranienbaum Military Academy. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1913 and colonel in 1915. During World War I, he fought on the Caucasus Front, commanding the 3rd Battalion of the 153rd Infantry Regiment in Western Armenia. During the Erzurum offensive, he captured the Turkish fort of Dalangez and then fought off the Turkish army trying to reclaim it. Of the 1,400 Russian and Armenian officers and soldiers defending the fort, 1,100 were killed and the survivors were injured. Nevertheless, eight assaults were repulsed by the fort and Dalangez was not given to the enemy.

On 26 May 1918, he participated in the Battle of Sardarabad as general commander of the Sardarabad unit. His cousin Poghos Bek-Pirumyan also participated in the battle as the commander of the 5th Karabakh Regiment. Daniel-Bek held the rank of lieutenant general in the army of the First Republic of Armenia. He commanded Armenian forces at the Battle of Kars and was taken prisoner by Kâzım Karabekir's army after the fall of the city. He was released from imprisonment in October 1921.

Several sources claim that Daniel-Bek Pirumyan was arrested and executed along with other officers in 1921 following the Sovietization of Armenia, either near Dilijan or in Ryazan, and that his cousin Poghos-Bek Pirumyan committed suicide after finding out about this. In reality, Pirumyan, whose health had deteriorated in Turkish captivity, died suddenly in Yerevan in the autumn of 1922, as he was preparing to leave Armenia and join his wife in Moscow. Pirumyan's remains are buried in the courtyard of Saint Gayane Church in Etchmiadzin in Armenia.

Awards
 Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd class
 Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class
 Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
 Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
 Order of St. Anna, 4th class
 Order of St. George, 3rd class
 Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class
 Gold Sword for Bravery

Legacy

In 2013, Yuri Pirumyan, the grandson of Daniel-Bek, published a book about his grandfather's life titled The Life of Daniel-Bek Pirumyan (). Pirumyan wrote the book using archival data, noting that later historical publications contain many facts contradict each other, whereas his book contains documented historical facts.

References

Notes

Citations

External links

Outstanding people of Karabagh
Genocide.ru
Armenian news report about book The Life of Daniel-Bek Pirumyan
Hayazg.info

1861 births
1921 deaths
People from Khojaly District
Imperial Russian Army personnel
Russian military personnel of World War I
Armenian colonels
Armenian people of World War I
People from the First Republic of Armenia
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
20th-century executions by Russia
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 4th class


The Tapiola swimming pool is a swimming pool centre in the district of Tapiola in Espoo, Finland. The centre was designed by Aarne Ervi and built in 1965. The building was renovated by Arkkitehdit NRT, and the renovation was completed in the 2000s. The renovation included an extension of the centre's premises, including steam saunas, jacuzzis, and a gym. In 2008, the centre was awarded the European Union Europa Nostra award for successful renovation.

Closure
The swimming hall was closed in 2016 due to humidity problems. There has been plenty of public debate on whether to demolish the existing building and build a new swimming hall, or instead build a new one somewhere else.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Espoo
Sport in Espoo
Swimming venues in Finland
Tapiola


Storm Catchers is a 2001 young adult novel by Tim Bowler about a kidnapping in the middle of a storm.

Plot
Fin is devastated when his sister is kidnapped. Poor Ella, snatched away from their isolated family home in the middle of a raging storm. Fin will never forgive himself for leaving her on her own. Still, at least they'll get her back when they've paid the money.

But the kidnapper has more than just money on his mind. And as his plans unfold, Fin and his family are forced to confront their deepest, darkest secrets.

Characters
 Ella Parnell: she was kidnapped in the middle of a storm.
 Fin Parnell: Ella's older brother.
 Sam Parnell: Ella and Fin's little brother, who hallucinates about things.
 Peter Parnell: Sam, Ella and Fin's dad.
 Susan Parnell: Sam, Ella and Fin's mother.
 Billy Meade: Fin's best friend.
 Angela Meade: Ella's best friend.
 Mr Meade: Peter's friend, and Billy and Angela's dad.
 Mrs Meade: Susan's friend, and Billy and Angela's mum.
 Ricky Prescott: the kidnapper, Imogen's older brother
 Imogen Prescott: Peter Parnell's and Lindy Prescott's  daughter, who Sam hallucinates about
 Lindy Prescott: who Fin's dad has an affair with; mother of Ricky and Imogen
 Edward Soriano: Adopted son of Peter and Susan Parnell

External links
Author's website

2001 British novels
British young adult novels
Novels by Tim Bowler
Novels about kidnapping
Oxford University Press books
Novels set in lighthouses


Diplomatic relations exist between the Republic of Austria and the Republic of Colombia. Both nations are members of the OECD and the United Nations.

History
Initial relations between Colombia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire took place in 1870 when the empire opened an honorary consulate in Barranquilla and in Bogotá. After World War I in 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire disintegrated and Austria became an independent nation.

In 1920, Austria and Colombia established diplomatic relations. Soon afterwards, both nations opened resident diplomatic missions in their respective capitals. In 2012, Austria closed its embassy in Bogotá, however, the embassy was reopened in 2016.

In March 2016, Austrian President Heinz Fischer paid an official visit to Colombia, becoming the first Austrian head-of-state to visit the South American nation. In January 2018, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos paid an official visit to Austria, becoming the first Colombian President to visit the nation.

High-level Visits
High-level visits from Austria to Colombia
 President Heinz Fischer (2016)

High-level visits from Colombia to Austria
 Vice President Angelino Garzón (2011)
 Foreign Vice Minister Mónica Lanzetta Mutis (2011)
 Foreign Minister María Ángela Holguín (2013)
 President Juan Manuel Santos (2018)

Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed a few bilateral agreements such as Agreement for the Abolition of Visas for holders of Diplomatic, Official or Service Passports (1958); Memorandum of Understanding on High-Level Political Consultations between both countries Ministry's of Foreign Affairs (1999); Memorandum of Understanding of Cooperation in Economic, Scientific and Technological Matters (2012); and a Memorandum of Understanding for closer Cooperation in the Judicial Field (2015).

Cultural ties
The famous botanist and physician Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817) conducted research trips to the region between 1755 and 1759, which took him to the Atlantic coast of Colombia. Karl Brunner (1887–1960) is considered the founding father of modern urban planning in Bogotá, where he served in the 1930s. Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff (1912–1994) was one of the founding fathers of cultural anthropology and ethnology in Colombia. The architect Fritz Blodek (1905–2001) designed more than 150 buildings for housing and industrial use, especially in Medellín. The bookseller and journalist Hans Ungar (1916–2004) created a Central Library with the axis of the intellectual and cultural life of Bogotá.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Austria has an embassy in Bogotá.
 Colombia has an embassy in Vienna.

See also
 Foreign relations of Austria
 Foreign relations of Colombia
 Embassy of Colombia, Vienna
 Immigration to Colombia

References

Colombia
Bilateral relations of Colombia


Henry Bathurst may refer to:

Henry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst (1714–1794), British lawyer and politician
Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst (1762–1834), British politician
Henry Bathurst, 4th Earl Bathurst (1790–1866), British politician
Henry Bathurst, 8th Earl Bathurst (1927–2011), British politician
Henry Bathurst (bishop) (1744–1837), Bishop of Norwich
Henry Bathurst (priest) (1781–1844), Anglican priest
Henry Bathurst (judge) (1623–1676),  English-born judge in Ireland


Henry Bellows may refer to:

Henry Adams Bellows (justice) (1803–1873), American lawyer, politician, and Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Supreme Court
Henry Adams Bellows (businessman) (1885–1939), American executive and translator
Henry Whitney Bellows (1814–1882), American clergyman


This article presents a timeline of events in the history of 16-bit x86 DOS-family disk operating systems from 1980 to present.  Non-x86 operating systems named "DOS" are not part of the scope of this timeline.

Also presented is a timeline of events in the history of the 8-bit 8080-based and 16-bit x86-based CP/M operating systems from 1974 to 2014, as well as the hardware and software developments from 1973 to 1995 which formed the foundation for the initial version and subsequent enhanced versions of these operating systems.

DOS releases have been in the forms of:
 OEM adaptation kits (OAKs) – all Microsoft releases before version 3.2 were OAKs only
 Shrink wrap packaged product for smaller OEMs (system builders) – starting with MS-DOS 3.2 in 1986,Microsoft offered these in addition to OAKs
 End-user retail – all versions of IBM PC DOS (and other OEM-adapted versions) were sold to end users.DR-DOS began selling to end users with version 5.0 in July 1990, followed by MS-DOS 5.0 in June 1991
 Free download – starting with OpenDOS 7.01 in 1997, followed by FreeDOS alpha 0.05 in 1998(FreeDOS project was announced in 1994)

DOS era version overview (1980–1995)

1973–1980: Hardware foundations and CP/M

1980–1995: Important events in DOS history

1995–2000: Windows 9x era

2001–2022: Post-millennium

See also
Comparison of DOS operating systems
List of DOS commands
Timeline of Intel
Timeline of Microsoft
Timeline of Microsoft Windows
Timeline of operating systems
Comparison of operating systems
List of operating systems

Notes

References

External links
 Origins of DOS , Tim Paterson website
 PC DOS Retro by Vernon C. Brooks
 I.B.M. Executive Describes Price Pressure by Microsoft, New York Times, May 28, 1999
 IBM vs. Microsoft Google Ngram Viewer
 DR-DOS versions

DOS
 Timeline of x86 DOS


Haanpää is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ari Haanpää (born 1965), Finnish hockey player
Pentti Haanpää (1905–1955), Finnish author
Samuel Haanpää (born 1986), Finnish basketball player

Finnish-language surnames


Three vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Regulus, after the star:

  was a fifth rate frigate of 44 guns, launched at Northam in January 1785 and converted to a troopship in 1793. Because Regulus served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 2 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal, which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants. Regulus was broken up in March 1816.
  was a  launched at Barrow-in-Furness in June 1930 and lost in December 1940, possibly sunk by a mine near Taranto, Southern Italy.
  was an  launched at Toronto in September 1943 and originally to have been called HMCS Longbranch. In January 1945 a mine sank her off Corfu.

Sources

References

Royal Navy ship names


The Church of St Michael and St Mary Magdalene, is the Parish Church of Easthampstead, Berkshire. The parish of Easthampstead is one of the largest parishes in the Church of England. The ethos of the parish is one of traditional worship allied to a liberal theology and inclusive approach to both social issues and theology. The church supports a large and growing congregation with activities and study groups for all ages.

History
God has been worshipped on the site of the church for well over 1000 years. By tradition, St Birinus, the first Christian missionary to the area, baptised in the spring just west of the present Church. According to legend, it was here that Cynegils, king of the West Saxons, first accepted Christianity in AD 635. Its prominent  position on a hill, coupled with the dedication to St. Michael, one of the four archangels, and destroyer of the Devil, suggests that it might have been a place of pre-Christian worship.

The church was originally at the centre of a small ancient village, situated at the western gate to Windsor Forest, but is now part of the new town of Bracknell.

The present Parish Church was largely rebuilt in 1867, but retains many items from across the centuries. Rev. Osborne Gordon, Rector of Easthampstead from 1860, organised the rebuilding of the Church as well as the enlarging of the parish schools. The work was paid for by Caroline, Marchioness of Downshire, who lived at nearby Easthampstead Park.

There are nineteenth-century stained glass windows by William Morris and four windows by Sir Edward Burne-Jones, including the great east window featuring the building's patron saint at the Last Judgment (from the Book of Daniel). This is probably the artist's best work in glass to be seen anywhere.

On 9 June 2013, a new stained glass window in the porch, by the artist Thomas Denny, was unveiled by John Nike OBE DL. The window depicts Cynegils King of Wessex's baptism, witnessed by King Oswald of Northumbria and two of the daughters of Cynegils. The baptism established Christianity in the Thames Valley and may have taken place at Easthampstead in 635. The window marks the 60th anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

There are memorials to the Trumbull and Downshire families, to the poet, Elijah Fenton, and to the polar explorer Frederick George Jackson.

In January 2009, major repair works to the roof were started, to deal with problems of dry rot, and damage from Death-watch beetle larvae. During this time, the congregation moved to the Roman Catholic church of St Margaret Clitherow in Bracknell.

Churchyard and wildlife
In recognition of the wildlife interest, the churchyard was entered into the Living Churchyards and Cemeteries Project in 2002 and received an Award in 2004. Work undertaken as part of the entry into the project has included monitoring wildlife, erecting bat and bird boxes and planting wildflowers.

Despite its busy urban setting, the churchyard is a haven for wildlife. Over a hundred plant species are found here, including many traditionally found in churchyards, for example germander speedwell (Angel's eyes), snowdrops (Eve's tears) and greater stitchwort (Easter bell).

The tombstones support lichens and mosses. Insects use the crevices present in many of the stones for shelter, and the stag beetle, an increasingly threatened insect which is listed on the Borough's Biodiversity Action Plan, has been spotted here.

The oldest living organism in the churchyard is a veteran yew tree near the south gate. Its girth exceeds 13 feet and in February its male cones release drifts of pollen into the wind.

Phone mast
During the early 2000s, phone companies applied to erect a phone mast in the Easthampstead area. After surveying was carried out, a report concluded that there was no suitable land on which to build a normal mast. Opposition to the visual impact came from local residents, who also cited health concerns over its proximity to a local school. The mast was erected but not in the conventional sense: the antennae have been placed on the four faces of the bell tower, and have been disguised to look like architecture.

References

External links

Church of England church buildings in Berkshire
Bracknell
Easthampstead, St Michael
Churches completed in 1867
Rebuilt churches in the United Kingdom


The Som class were a series of submarines built for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1904–1907. They were designed by the Electric Boat Company and ordered in the 1904 emergency programme at the time of the Russo-Japanese War. The boats were built in St. Petersburg and were designed to be transportable by train. The first boat, , was originally Fulton, an experimental submarine that was the prototype for  and subsequent s. The vessel was sold and delivered to Russia in sections and re-assembled in St. Petersburg.

Ships

Wreck found

In July 2015 it was reported that the wreck of Som (Сом) had been located in Swedish waters.

References

External links

Submarine classes
Submarines of the Imperial Russian Navy


Part of Me is a song by American musician Chris Cornell, from his third solo studio album, Scream. Part of Me is the first official single for Canada and Europe (and second official single overall) and was released as a digital download on October 12, 2008 in Canada and Germany. There is no indication of a release in the US. The non-explicit version of the song was previewed on Virgin Radio 999, where listeners were encouraged to enter a poll of the audience's reaction to the song. The album version of the song was leaked on the 12th November, where the outro is the seamless integration into the next song "Time", on the "album orientated" Scream. California DJ Steve Aoki also made a remix of the song which can be downloaded for free in MP3 off his record label's official website, while his remix also appears on the official "Part of Me (Remix EP)" digital release.

Background
This song refers to a fictional (or otherwise) incidence in lusting after a girl (and a possible 'fling'): "I want the girl but I want a lot, Might cross my mind but that's where it stops."
Cornell explains to an established lover that "But I swear it never meant a thing, she was just a fling."

Music video
A music video for this song has been made for Canadian, UK and Ireland release. However, the video is available in other European countries.
Timbaland makes a cameo in the video. The video also features cameo appearances from heavyweight boxing champion Wladimir Klitschko and Wu-Tang Clan rapper Method Man.

Charts

Release history

References

2008 singles
Chris Cornell songs
Timbaland songs
Song recordings produced by Timbaland
Songs written by Timbaland
Songs written by Chris Cornell
Song recordings produced by Jerome "J-Roc" Harmon
Songs written by Jerome "J-Roc" Harmon
Songs written by Balewa Muhammad
Songs written by Ezekiel Lewis
2008 songs
Interscope Records singles


Bryn Hynod railway station was a railway halt on the Bala Lake Railway, in Gwynedd, Wales. Trains stopped here by request.

Adjacent to Bala Lake itself, Bryn Hynod offers shaded woodland nooks that are ideal for picnics and is often used for launching sailboards and small boats. There is off-road parking by the lakeside for those using the area's facilities, and the halt provided an opportunity to use the railway from this location on the B4403.

The halt consisted of a very short platform (quite possibly the smallest in Britain) and a name sign and was situated on the west side of an occupation crossing. Few passengers made use of the halt, and it was removed from the timetable in 2011. Bryn Hynod platform was demolished in February 2012, and the station name removed. There is no remaining part of the station at the site.

Neighbouring stations

External links
 Site of Bryn Hynod station on navigable 1946 O.S. map (station not shown)

Disused railway stations in Gwynedd
Heritage railway stations in Gwynedd
Llangywer


Tiyara is a village located in the south east corner of Azamgarh district under Lalganj tehsil. The village is governed by a gram panchayat.

References

External links
 http://wikimapia.org/#lat=25.6837673&lon=83.1714821&z=15&l=0&m=a&v=2

Villages in Azamgarh district


The four teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner (France) qualified for the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England.

Matches

France qualified.

Final table

Team stats

Head coach:  Henri Guérin

Head coach:  Ragnar Larsen

Head coach:  Ljubomir Lovrić (first match);  Aleksandar Tirnanić (second to sixth match)

Head coach:  Robert Heinz

External links
FIFA official page
RSSSF - 1966 World Cup Qualification
Allworldcup

3
1964–65 in French football
qual
1964–65 in Yugoslav football
1965–66 in Yugoslav football
1964 in Norwegian football
1965 in Norwegian football
1966 in Norwegian football
1964–65 in Luxembourgian football
1965–66 in Luxembourgian football


"Keep It Natural" is the first single taken from Australian singer Cosima De Vito's second studio album This Is Now. It reached the top thirty in the ARIA Club Charts and reached #4 on the AIR Independent Charts, and even charted on the ARIA Singles Chart, at #112.

References

2007 singles
Cosima De Vito songs
2007 songs
Songs written by Trevor Steel


Commodity trading in China has a short but high-growth history. With an increasing product variety and deepening liquidity pools, the mainland's futures market is playing an increasingly important role in serving the national economy.

At present, the commodity markets in China are still in a development stage, with only a few exchanges in China trading in a small group of commodities.  In the next few years, the Chinese government will gradually allow more commodities products to be traded in China along with various related derivatives.

Size
Trading volume of the nation's three commodity futures exchanges totaled 40.97 trillion yuan in 2007, up 95% from the year before. The aggregate trading volume of these exchanges amounted to 728.46 million hands in 2007, up 62% over the previous year. More than half of the transactions took place on the Dalian bourse, while turnover on the Shanghai bourse amounted to 23 trillion yuan, accounting for half of the total.

The boom of large trading market across the country has contributed to the increased flow of vegetables and fruit from south to north and west to east and promoted the country's commercialization of agricultural products.

Development
The demand for commodity futures as hedging tools has been on the rise as the Chinese economy continues to advance at a brisk pace. The country is now one of the largest producers and consumers of a wide range of commodities, including oil, steel, copper, corn, wheat and soybean. To diversify their product ranges, the nation's three commodity futures exchanges are doing research to introduce new contracts.

For example, the Shanghai bourse plans to launch new contracts on nickel, silver and steel futures in the coming years. The Zhengzhou bourse is preparing to launch early long-grain non-glutinous rice futures, while the Dalian bourse is preparing to introduce hog futures to protect hog breeders from being exposed to sharp price swings.

As a major producer and consumer of commodities, China has large potential for developing its futures market. China's commodity futures markets have expanded product ranges and deepened liquidity pools to cater to the increasingly diverse needs of the nation's rapidly growing economy.

With increasing volatility in global commodity markets and prices, companies have been expanding their agricultural product, precious/base metal, fuel oil and other commodity-related investments in China.

Exchanges
There are three commodity exchanges in China after the merger of 50 exchanges into 14 in 1995 and subsequently into three in 1999.

The China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFEX), the country's first financial futures exchange, was inaugurated in October 2006. The long-awaited CSI300, the first mainland stock index futures, will be traded on this bourse, which is working to the launch.

See also
 Commodity trading in India
 China National Commodity Exchange Center
 Commodity Trading Market of China
 Commodities exchange
 Commodity market
 State Reserves Bureau copper scandal

References

Emerging Exchanges overview - the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
 Peck, Anne E. "The Development of Commodity Exchanges in the Former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and China"  Australian Economic Papers, Volume 40, Number 4, December 2001, pp. 437–460(24)

Further reading
 China's Financial Markets: An Insider's Guide to How the Markets Work By Salih N. Neftci, Michelle Yuan Menager-Xu (Elsevier, 2006)

External links
 A Glance at China's Commodity Trade 1998
 Futures & Options Exchanges
 China: The fall and rise of Chinese futures, 1990-2005

Commodity exchanges in China
Finance in China


Hiatt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brenda Hiatt, American author
Fred Hiatt, American journalist
Jack Hiatt (born 1942), American baseball player
John Hiatt (born 1952), American musician
Kevin Hiatt, fictional television character on The Shield
Lester Hiatt (1931–2008), Australian anthropologist
Phil Hiatt (born 1969), American baseball player
Ruth Hiatt (1906–1994), actress
Shana Hiatt (born 1975), model
Louis Hiatt (born 1984), An entrepreneur

See also
Hiatt, Missouri, a community in the United States
Hiatt & Co. A defunct UK based handcuff manufacturer best known for their Speedcuffs.


Harry Thomas Payne (10 December 1907 – 22 December 2000) was a Welsh international rugby union prop who played club rugby for Swansea and was capped for Wales on one occasion. A hard forward player Payne was described as 'tough-as-teak' and was still playing for veteran teams at the age of 84.

Rugby career
Payne was born in Llangyfelach and at the age of 14 had left school to join his father in the coal industry, tending the pit ponies. Payne initially had a trial for local soccer team Swansea A.F.C. but switched sports to rugby union playing for both Mynyddbach and Morriston before joining first class side Swansea in 1931. On 28 September 1935, Payne was chosen to play for the Swansea team to face the touring New Zealand team. When Swansea beat the All Blacks, they became the first club team to do so and also the first team to beat all three major Southern Hemisphere teams.

Later in 1935, Payne was selected to face the same touring New Zealand team for Wales along with teammates Don Tarr, Haydn Tanner and Claude Davey. This was Payne's one and only cap for his country, but it was a memorable game for Wales as they won 13–12, with fourteen men for the last ten minutes after Tarr was stretchered off with a broken neck. Although being selected as a reserve player on several occasions, Payne never played for Wales again.

During the 1938/39 season Payne was chosen to captain Swansea, but with the outbreak of war, Payne joined the Royal Marines. While in the marines he played rugby for both the marines and the Royal Navy and played in two wartime international for Wales against England. He saw action as a soldier in North Africa, Sicily and Italy, and was awarded six battle medals. On returning to Wales during peacetime he returned to working in the mines.

His later career included playing for veteran teams; and in 1989 at the age of 82, he turned out for a match against Bordeaux. His rugby career was finally halted after he broke his ankle while playing for Swansea Veterans RFC, in a match in the Netherlands in 1992.

International matches played
Wales
  1935

Bibliography

References

1907 births
2000 deaths
Royal Marines personnel of World War II
Rugby union players from Swansea
Rugby union props
Swansea RFC players
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh miners
Welsh rugby union players


R v Grantham [1984] QB 675 is a UK insolvency law case which decides that an intent to defraud, now under the Insolvency Act 1986 section 213, needs to be established for a conviction for fraudulent trading, and knowing that there was no prospect of being able to pay debt when they fell due, even if there might be a distant prospect in the future, constituted an intent to defraud.

Facts

Mr Grantham was tried for fraudulent trading, contrary to the Companies Act 1948 section 332(3) (now Insolvency Act 1986 section 213). The jury were directed that they could find dishonesty and intent to defraud if they thought Mr Grantham obtained credit when he knew there was no good reason for thinking that his company would be able to repay the debt when it became due.

Mr Grantham was convicted. He appealed that the jury was given the wrong direction.

Judgment
Lord Lane CJ, Boreham J and Stuart-Smith J dismissed Mr Grantham's appeal. They held there was no error in the direction. Applying the House of Lords case Welham v DPP [1961] AC 103, under section 332 (now section 213, Insolvency Act 1986) an intent to defraud was established on proof of intention to dishonestly prejudice creditors in being repaid.

Significance
In a previous case from 1960, Re White & Osmond (Parkstone) Ltd Buckley J held that 'there is nothing to say that directors who genuinely believe that the clouds will roll away and the sunshine of prosperity will shine upon them again and disperse the fog of their depression are not entitled to incur credit to help them get over the bad time.' But this approach, allowing directors to keep incurring losses when they knew a company was unable to meet debts was disapproved by R v Grantham. If a director knew there was no short term prospect of repaying debts, it was irrelevant that he thought there may some hypothetical day be "blue skies" ahead.

See also

Re Augustus Barnett & Son Ltd [1986] BCLC 170

Notes

United Kingdom insolvency case law
High Court of Justice cases
1984 in United Kingdom case law


The Schøyen Collection is one of the largest private manuscript collections in the world, mostly located in Oslo and London. Formed in the 20th century by the father of current owner Martin Schøyen, it comprises manuscripts of global provenance, spanning 5,000 years of history. It contains more than 13,000 manuscript items; the oldest is about 5,300 years old. There are manuscripts from 134 different countries and territories, representing 120 languages and 185 scripts.

The Collection procures and preserves diverse manuscripts, from all over the world, irrespective of the geography, culture, linguistic, race and religious background. It declares that its interest is in "advancing the study of human culture and civilization" over many millennia. Some of its recent acquisitions have been obtained from the civil war-affected regions of the Middle East and Afghanistan, where warlords and smugglers have destroyed ancient sites to find a buyer for ancient manuscript fragments and artifacts.

Controversies
One of the controversies with Schøyen Collection has been whether its acquisitions through the black market transactions encourage further reckless destruction of ancient sites, illegal abuse of heritage sites, and the financing of terrorists or Civil War chieftains. Iraq and Afghanistan, for example, have sought a return of certain recently acquired items in the Schøyen Collection. The Collection states that it "strongly supports a tough regime for cultural protection", makes active effort towards pro-active compliance with the law and is an "ethical private collector in preserving the heritage of all mankind".

The provenance of the various cuneiform materials held by the Schøyen Collection has been subject to controversy.

The Schøyen Collection has been a party to the controversy surrounding 654 Aramaic incantation bowls. They were alleged to belong to Iraq, alleged to have been stolen after August 1990, brought to Jordan, resold by a local art dealer named Ghassan Rihani, and through intermediaries purchased by the Collection. The Schøyen  Collection then provided University College London the bowls for an academic study. Activists alleged in 2003 that the items were stolen from Iraq and illegally traded, and it must be returned to Iraq. The University set up a panel to investigate the claims in 2004, and the Schøyen Collection sued the University for the bowls. The Schøyen Collection denied that these bowls were stolen or smuggled, providing official documents issued by the government of Jordan as evidence that the Jordanian source owned it prior to 1965. University College London settled, paid an undisclosed amount in compensation, suppressed its own report on the provenance of the bowls, and returned the items back to the Schøyen Collection.

Notable manuscripts
The Schøyen Collection preserves some of the oldest known archaeological discoveries and manuscripts.

Ancient world
 MS 1717 (31st century BC), The Kushim Tablet, a Sumerian cuneiform record of beer production, signed by possibly the first example of a person named in writing
 MS 2064 (21st century BC), Ur-Nammu's law-code, a Sumerian text.
 MS 2781 (2000–1600 BC), a Babylonian calendar.
 Tutankhamun's signet ring
MS 108 "The earliest Greek Alphabet” copper,, Cyprus, ca. 800 BC, 2 tablets, 21x13 cm, single column, (19x10 cm), 20-23 lines in archaic Greek capitals with some North Semitic (Phoenician) letter forms by 2 or more scribes.
 MS 5236, an ancient Greek block print from the 6th century BC
 Ancient Buddhist and Hindu manuscripts likely recovered from recently destroyed Buddhist sites such as Bamiyan in Afghanistan and other Buddhist monastery ruins in northwest Pakistan since the 1990s.
 MS 193 (3rd century AD), The Crosby-Schøyen Codex, biblical manuscript in the Coptic language; it contains: Jonah, 2 Maccabees, 1 Peter, "Peri Pascha" of Melito, and an unidentified Homily
 MS 2650 (4th century AD), Codex Schøyen, the oldest Gospel of Matthew in Coptic dialect
 Since 1994, the Schøyen Collection has acquired 115 Dead Sea Scrolls fragments from 15 different scrolls.
 MS 035, Codex Sinaiticus Zosimi Rescriptus, a palimpsest on vellum from Mount Sinai

Medieval and modern era
 MS 1 (c. 1300), a fragment from a codex of French sermons, in a binding produced by Manuale del Navarro, acquired in 1955
 MS 4457 (1865-1879 AD), Cheyenne Chief Little Shield's Ledger Book recording the Indian War of the Platte River in 1865.
 Manuscripts related to Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism

References

External links

The Schøyen Collection

Manuscripts
Papyrus collections
Private collections in Norway
Private collections in the United Kingdom
World history


The County of Upper Tyrone, was a historic county of Ireland located in the northwest of the country.  It was merged with Nether Tyrone to form County Tyrone.

History of County Tyrone
Former counties of Ireland


An Ruadh-stac is a Scottish mountain situated in the Wester Ross region of the Highland council area. It is located 26 km north east of Kyle of Lochalsh.

Overview
An Ruadh-stac reaches a height of 890 metres (2926 feet) making it the 30th highest Corbett, it also qualifies as a Marilyn. It is a distinguished looking mountain which is prominent in views because of its light grey coloured quartzite rocks, it stands in the ancient Coulin hunting forest, an area of rough mountainous country between Glen Carron and Glen Torridon. The mountain is situated four km from the nearest public road but there are good stalkers paths within the deer forest which aid access to the foot of the mountain. An Ruadh-stac is closely associated with the adjoining Munro of Maol Cheann-dearg with which it is often climbed.

The mountain's Gaelic name translates as the Red Stack or Red Conical Hill; this is slightly confusing and misleading, as it is invariably seen as a light-grey hill due to its quartzite rocks. Hamish Brown comments on the name thus: “An Ruadh-stac is a grey hill, sometimes touched white by the sun but never red like its ruddy, bald headed neighbour (Maol Cheann-dearg).”

Geography
An Ruadh-stac has the classic triangular mountain shape formed by three steep ridges; the NE ridge is the least steep and the one usually used for ascent and descent by walkers. This ridge drops to the  Bealach a’ Choire Ghairbh, which links the mountain to Maol Cheann-dearg, which stands 2 km to the north across Coire an Ruidh Staic. The south ridge leads over the subsidiary top of Ruadh Stac Beag (758 metres) before descending towards Glen Carron over rough, boggy ground. The north and west side of the mountain are ringed by steep crags, making the NW ridge out of bounds for walkers.

The mountain's finest geographical feature is the north face, a precipitous rock wall which shows off the mountain's layered geology when viewed from a distance. These crags rise over 400 metres from the shore of Loch Coire an Ruaidh-staic and have received the attention of rock climbers, with Tom Patey and Chris Bonington pioneering a  route in 1960.

The lower slopes on the SE side of the mountain are composed of ice-polished slabs dotted with long flowing mounds of debris; this is fluted moraine, deposited from a glacier. The mounds are less than four metres in height but up to 400 metres in length. The mountain's visual attraction is further added to by the presence of four small lochs around its NE flanks; they are all on different levels. One of these lochs, Loch a’ Mhadaidh Ruadh, is rated as one of the most beautiful in the Scottish Highlands, it is located on the Bealach a’ Choire Ghairbh and is enclosed by walls of quartzite rock, giving it an almost artificial look. All drainage from the mountain makes the short journey to the west coast of Scotland, either going directly west to Upper Loch Torridon or SE to Glen Carron and then Loch Carron.

Ascents and view
The summit of An Ruadh-stac is a long way from any road, but the closest starting point is on the A890 road at Coulags in Glen Carron at grid reference . This route follows the footpath north up the valley of the Fionn-abhainn before crossing the river and going west and climbing up to the Bealach a’ Choire Ghairbh. From the bealach it is a tough 340-metre climb up rough slopes of scree and slabby rock to the summit. It is possible to climb the mountain by a longer route from Glen Torridon starting from Annat at .

The summit is littered with quartzite boulders, with the highest point marked by a cairn of rocks and gives a view which includes the Skye Cuillin to the SW, Upper Loch Torridon appears next to Beinn Damh to the NW while the Torridon hills are further round to the  north. By exploring the summit plateau further it is possible to look 1000 feet down the cliffs of the north face to Loch Coire an Ruaidh-staic.

References

Corbetts
Marilyns of Scotland
Mountains and hills of the Northwest Highlands
Mountains and hills of Highland (council area)
Climbing areas of Scotland
Torridon


The 1975–76 Pittsburgh Penguins season was their ninth in the National Hockey League. They finished third in the Norris Division, as they had in 1974–75. Despite strong seasons by Pierre Larouche, who set new club records in goals scored in a season (53) and points in a season (111), Jean Pronovost and Syl Apps, Jr. (who set a new club record for assists in a season with 67) the Penguins powerful offense scored a meagre three goals in three games against the Toronto Maple Leafs in the preliminary round of the Stanley Cup playoffs, ending their season.

Regular season

Division standings

Record vs. opponents

Schedule and results

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1 || Oct 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–2 || Washington Capitals || Capital Centre || 1–0–0 || 2
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2 || Oct 11 || Washington Capitals || 5–7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 2–0–0 || 4
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 3 || Oct 15 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 8–4 || Toronto Maple Leafs || Maple Leaf Gardens || 3–0–0 || 6
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 4 || Oct 18 || Detroit Red Wings || 1–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 4–0–0 || 8
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 5 || Oct 21 || Montreal Canadiens || 7–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 4–1–0 || 8
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 6 || Oct 25 || Philadelphia Flyers || 4–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 4–1–1 || 9
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 7 || Oct 30 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 0–4 || Los Angeles Kings || The Forum || 4–2–1 || 9
|-

|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 8 || Nov 1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–7 || Minnesota North Stars || Met Center || 4–3–1 || 9
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 9 || Nov 2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–7 || Buffalo Sabres || Buffalo Memorial Auditorium || 4–4–1 || 9
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 10 || Nov 5 || New York Islanders || 6–7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 5–4–1 || 11
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 11 || Nov 6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 5–3 || St. Louis Blues || St. Louis Arena || 6–4–1 || 13
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 12 || Nov 8 || Chicago Black Hawks || 7–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 6–5–1 || 13
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 13 || Nov 9 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–6 || Philadelphia Flyers || The Spectrum || 6–6–1 || 13
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 14 || Nov 12 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 6–6 || Washington Capitals || Capital Centre || 6–6–2 || 14
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 15 || Nov 13 || Montreal Canadiens || 5–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 6–7–2 || 14
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 16 || Nov 15 || Buffalo Sabres || 5–2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 6–8–2 || 14
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 17 || Nov 18 || California Golden Seals || 5–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 6–9–2 || 14
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 18 || Nov 21 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–1 || Atlanta Flames || Omni Coliseum || 7–9–2 || 16
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 19 || Nov 22 || Los Angeles Kings || 3–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 8–9–2 || 18
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 20 || Nov 26 || Detroit Red Wings || 2–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 9–9–2 || 20
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 21 || Nov 29 || New York Rangers || 3–8 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 10–9–2 || 22
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 22 || Nov 30 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–4 || Boston Bruins || Boston Garden || 10–10–2 || 22
|-

|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 23 || Dec 3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–3 || Chicago Black Hawks || Chicago Stadium || 10–10–3 || 23
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 24 || Dec 4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–6 || New York Islanders || Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum || 10–11–3 || 23
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 25 || Dec 7 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 3–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 11–11–3 || 25
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 26 || Dec 9 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–3 || Kansas City Scouts || Kemper Arena || 11–12–3 || 25
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 27 || Dec 10 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–3 || Detroit Red Wings || Olympia Stadium || 11–13–3 || 25
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 28 || Dec 13 || Boston Bruins || 4–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 11–13–4 || 26
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 29 || Dec 14 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–7 || Montreal Canadiens || Montreal Forum || 11–14–4 || 26
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 30 || Dec 17 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 9–2 || California Golden Seals || Oakland Coliseum Arena || 12–14–4 || 28
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 31 || Dec 19 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–5 || Vancouver Canucks || Pacific Coliseum || 12–15–4 || 28
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 32 || Dec 20 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 5–1 || Los Angeles Kings || The Forum || 13–15–4 || 30
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 33 || Dec 23 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–4 || New York Rangers || Madison Square Garden (IV) || 13–16–4 || 30
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 34 || Dec 26 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–4 || Atlanta Flames || Omni Coliseum || 13–17–4 || 30
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 35 || Dec 27 || Atlanta Flames || 2–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 14–17–4 || 32
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 36 || Dec 31 || Los Angeles Kings || 1–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 15–17–4 || 34
|-

|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 37 || Jan 3 || Philadelphia Flyers || 8–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 15–18–4 || 34
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 38 || Jan 4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–5 || Chicago Black Hawks || Chicago Stadium || 15–19–4 || 34
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 39 || Jan 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–4 || California Golden Seals || Oakland Coliseum Arena || 15–20–4 || 34
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 40 || Jan 10 || Vancouver Canucks || 3–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 15–20–5 || 35
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 41 || Jan 11 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 0–6 || Buffalo Sabres || Buffalo Memorial Auditorium || 15–21–5 || 35
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 42 || Jan 13 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–6 || Boston Bruins || Boston Garden || 15–22–5 || 35
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 43 || Jan 15 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–4 || Philadelphia Flyers || The Spectrum || 15–23–5 || 35
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 44 || Jan 17 || Buffalo Sabres || 2–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 16–23–5 || 37
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 45 || Jan 18 || New York Rangers || 3–8 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 17–23–5 || 39
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 46 || Jan 22 || Montreal Canadiens || 4–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 17–24–5 || 39
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 47 || Jan 24 || Washington Capitals || 2–8 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 18–24–5 || 41
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 48 || Jan 25 || Minnesota North Stars || 1–1 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 18–24–6 || 42
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 49 || Jan 29 || Kansas City Scouts || 2–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 19–24–6 || 44
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 50 || Jan 31 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–4 || Kansas City Scouts || Kemper Arena || 19–24–7 || 45
|-

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 51 || Feb 1 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 1–7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 20–24–7 || 47
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 52 || Feb 5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 1–5 || Boston Bruins || Boston Garden || 20–25–7 || 47
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 53 || Feb 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 7–3 || Los Angeles Kings || The Forum || 21–25–7 || 49
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 54 || Feb 8 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 7–3 || Vancouver Canucks || Pacific Coliseum || 22–25–7 || 51
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 55 || Feb 11 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–4 || California Golden Seals || Oakland Coliseum Arena || 22–25–8 || 52
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 56 || Feb 14 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–4 || New York Islanders || Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum || 22–25–9 || 53
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 57 || Feb 15 || Los Angeles Kings || 4–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 23–25–9 || 55
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 58 || Feb 17 || Kansas City Scouts || 1–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 24–25–9 || 57
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 59 || Feb 19 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 5–7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 25–25–9 || 59
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 60 || Feb 21 || Chicago Black Hawks || 1–10 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 26–25–9 || 61
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 61 || Feb 22 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–2 || Detroit Red Wings || Olympia Stadium || 26–25–10 || 62
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 62 || Feb 25 || Atlanta Flames || 3–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 26–25–11 || 63
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 63 || Feb 28 || Vancouver Canucks || 4–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 27–25–11 || 65
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 64 || Feb 29 || St. Louis Blues || 5–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 27–26–11 || 65
|-

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 65 || Mar 2 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 6–2 || Minnesota North Stars || Met Center || 28–26–11 || 67
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 66 || Mar 6 || Minnesota North Stars || 0–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 29–26–11 || 69
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 67 || Mar 7 || New York Islanders || 5–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 29–27–11 || 69
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 68 || Mar 10 || Buffalo Sabres || 7–6 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 29–28–11 || 69
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 69 || Mar 13 || California Golden Seals || 2–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 30–28–11 || 71
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 70 || Mar 14 || St. Louis Blues || 1–7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 31–28–11 || 73
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 71 || Mar 16 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–5 || Montreal Canadiens || Montreal Forum || 31–29–11 || 73
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 72 || Mar 19 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 7–3 || Washington Capitals || Capital Centre || 32–29–11 || 75
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 73 || Mar 21 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–2 || New York Rangers || Madison Square Garden (IV) || 33–29–11 || 77
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| 74 || Mar 24 || Boston Bruins || 5–5 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 33–29–12 || 78
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 75 || Mar 25 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 2–5 || St. Louis Blues || St. Louis Arena || 33–30–12 || 78
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 76 || Mar 28 || Detroit Red Wings || 0–3 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 34–30–12 || 80
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 77 || Mar 29 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 4–5 || Toronto Maple Leafs || Maple Leaf Gardens || 34–31–12 || 80
|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 78 || Mar 31 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–7 || Montreal Canadiens || Montreal Forum || 34–32–12 || 80
|-

|- style="background:#fcf;"
| 79 || Apr 3 || Washington Capitals || 5–4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || Civic Arena || 34–33–12 || 80
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 80 || Apr 4 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 6–5 || Detroit Red Wings || Olympia Stadium || 35–33–12 || 82
|-

|- style="text-align:center;"
| Legend:       = Win       = Loss       = Tie

Playoffs
The Penguins' made the playoffs for the fourth time in their history, losing in the preliminary round to Toronto.

Player statistics
Skaters

Goaltenders

†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining the Penguins.  Stats reflect time with the Penguins only.
‡Denotes player was traded mid-season.  Stats reflect time with the Penguins only.

Awards and records
 Jean Pronovost became the first player to score 200 goals for the Penguins. He did so in a 4–5 loss to Montreal on November 13.
 Jean Pronovost became the first player to score 400 points for the Penguins. He did so in a 5–2 win over Detroit on November 26.
 Jean Pronovost became the first person to score 50 goals in a season for the Penguins. He did so in a 5–5 tie with Boston on March 24.
 Pierre Larouche became the first person to score 100 points in a season for the Penguins. He did so in a 5–5 tie with Boston on March 24.
 Pierre Larouche established a new franchise record for goals in a season with 53, besting the previous high of 52 held by Jean Pronovost.
 Pierre Larouche established a new franchise record for points in a season with 111, besting the previous high of 86 held by Ron Schock.
 Syl Apps, Jr. established a new franchise record for assists in a season with 67, besting the previous high of 63 held by Ron Schock.
 Ron Stackhouse established a new franchise record for assists (60) and points (71) by a defenseman in a season. He topped the previous highs of 45 assists 60 points both held by himself.
 Ron Stackhouse established a new franchise record for points by a defenseman with 150, besting the previous high of 104 held by Duane Rupp.

Transactions
The Penguins were involved in the following transactions during the 1975–76 season:

Trades

Additions and subtractions

Awards and honors

Draft picks

The 1975 NHL Amateur Draft was held in Montreal, Quebec.

References
 Penguins on Hockey Database

Pittsburgh Penguins seasons
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh
Pitts
Pitts


The County of Nether Tyrone was a historic county of Ireland located in the northwest of the country.  It was merged with Upper Tyrone to form County Tyrone.

History of County Tyrone
Former counties of Ireland


Kallabak ( 'Kallabaku') is a mountain situated on the grassy hills along the border region of Albania and Kosovo, in close proximity to the villages of Shishtavec, Novoselë, and Turaj, which are home to the Gorani people, a linguistic minority residing in Albania. Reaching a height of , it is the highest peak north of the Korab range.

Geology
The mountain rises about  above the extended ridge which divides the Luma river basin to the north from the Çaja river basin to the south. It serves as the main crest of the Pllaja e Shishtavecit mountain range, stretching for  in length and up to  in width. As tributaries of the Drin river, the Luma and Çaja rivers have carved narrow gorges, forming a unique pathway through the terrain. Winter brings substantial snowfall, often resulting in the isolation of the nearby villages from the outside world, with the snow persisting well into spring and summer.

Biodiversity
The area surrounding Kallabak is characterized by treeless grasslands extending up to the summit. Towards the northeast, the mountain descends steeply into a cirque, giving it a distinctive shape, which offers wide-ranging vistas and favorable conditions for horse and cattle grazing. On the Albania side, the mountain falls within the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park, while on the Kosovo side, it lies within the boundaries of the Sharr Mountains National Park. Located approximately three kilometers north of the mountain, a small lake and the adjacent birch forest known as Mështekna e Shishtavecit have been designated as a protected natural monument since 2002.

See also
 List of mountains in Albania

References

Šar Mountains
Mountains of Albania
Two-thousanders of Albania
Two-thousanders of Kosovo
International mountains of Europe
Albania–Kosovo border
Geography of Kukës County