The Rhenohercynian Zone or Rheno-Hercynian zone in structural geology describes a fold belt of west and central Europe, formed during the Hercynian orogeny (about ). The zone consists of folded and thrust Devonian and early Carboniferous sedimentary rocks that were deposited in a back-arc basin along the southern margin of the then existing paleocontinent Laurussia.

The Rhenohercynian Zone, named for the Rhine River and the Hercynian Forest of Antiquity, forms a narrow zone through western and central Europe, from Cornwall and Ireland in the west to the Harz mountains of central Germany in the east, including the Rhenish Massif (Ardennes, Taunus, Eifel and Hunsrück). The total length of this ancient basin (the Rhenohercynian Basin) could have been more than 2500 km. In the east the basin merges with the East-Silesian basin of southern Poland. The sedimentary rocks that were laid down in the basin are often weakly metamorphic (greenschist facies). Most geologists consider the South-Portuguese zone to be a continuation of the zone to the west.

Whether the Rhenohercynian Basin was a continuous feature or rather a string of temporaneously interconnected smaller basins is not well understood, because in many places the Devonian and Carboniferous rock strata are covered with younger deposits. Parts of the basin have their own names, like the Cornwall basin in Cornwall, the Munster basin in Ireland or the Rhenisch basin in Belgium and Germany.

Tectonic structure and metamorphism

The Rhenohercynian Zone is a part of the northern foreland of the Hercynian orogeny. It has a lower grade of metamorphism than the Saxothuringian Zone to the south, meaning its rocks have generally been at smaller depths and under lower temperatures. The Subvariscan Zone north of the Rhenohercynian Zone was untouched by Hercynian metamorphism. During the Hercynian orogeny, the Rhenohercynian zone was folded and thrust internally. It was thrust over the foreland to the north (the London-Brabant Massif and other Avalonian terranes). From the south it was overthrust by the Mid-German Crystalline High, part of the Saxothuringian Zone.

The metamorphic grade or degree of metamorphism increases towards the south or southeast. The southern edge of the Rhenish Massif lies in the Northern Phyllite Zone, which has a higher grade than other parts of the zone.

Geodynamic history

The Devonian basin
The Rhenohercynian basin was situated north of the Rheic Ocean, the ocean that spread between the continents of Laurussia (north) and Gondwana (south) from the Silurian onwards. The southern margin of Laurussia was formed during the Caledonian orogeny of the Silurian period, about 420 million years ago. In the Gedinnian/Lochkovian (Early Devonian) the southern part of the Caledonian mountain belt became a region of north–south extension. An elongated basin was formed parallel to the continental margin. It separated the London-Brabant Massif to the north from the Normannian and Mid-German Highs to the south.

In the Middle Devonian (from 390 million years ago) a subduction zone existed south of Laurussia, where oceanic lithosphere of the Rheic Ocean subducted beneath the Mid-German/Normannian highs. Volcanism above the subduction zone created a cordillera-type mountain chain, the Ligerian cordillera. In the Siegenian/Pragian and Emsian the Rhenohercynic basin was a back-arc basin behind this cordillera. Tectonic subsidence in a system of horsts and grabens together with basaltic volcanism resulted in the creation of new oceanic lithosphere. In the Middle Devonian a second basin, the Saxothuringian/Armorican basin, developed south of the Rhenohercynian basin. To the west some crustal convergence took place, and the Normannian High was partly thrust over the sedimentary basin fill of the Rhenohercynian basin.

Carboniferous compression
The Rhenohercynian basin disappeared when the continent Gondwana collided with Laurussia in the course of the Carboniferous period (the Hercynian orogeny). The sedimentary rocks in the basin were thrust in a series of piggyback basins over the northern foreland (the London-Brabant Massif). These rocks now form the folded sequences of Cornwall, the Ardennes, the Eifel and the Harz.

From the Frasnian age (380 million years ago) the mafic volcanism ended, and the basin came locally under compressional stress, which led to folding and thrusting in the sedimentary rocks. Somewhere near the end of the Devonian, a subduction zone developed under the Mid-German/Normannian highs and Rhenohercynian crust began to subduct. This was the short Bretonnic phase of the Hercynian orogeny. It was followed, from the Tournaisian (early Carboniferous, 355 million years ago) till the end of the Visean by a new period of extension.

During the Sudetic (main) phase of the Hercynian orogeny (330-320 million years ago, Late-Visean and Namurian/Serpukhovian) compressional tectonics had the upper hand again.  In the Namurian age full-scale continental collision between Laurussia and Gondwana resulted in the destruction of the last oceanic crust of the basin. Its sedimentary fill was, however, not (totally) subducted but instead thrust northward. During the later part of the Carboniferous period (Westphalian and Stephanian) the Rhenohercynian zone formed the foreland of a relatively fast-developing Hercynian mountainbelt to the south. Isostatic subsidence of the foreland resulted in the development of a deep foreland basin. This filled with the products of erosion in the Hercynian mountains and the contemporaneously uplifted London-Brabant Massif to the north. During the Westphalian, the basin was completely filled and rose above sea level.

Stratigraphy

The Rhenohercynian basin was filled with Devonian and Carboniferous sediments. Sedimentation was often disrupted by tectonic phases, but nevertheless the total thickness of the sediments can in some places be more than several kilometers.

When a foreland basin was formed in the Rhenohercynian zone, this was filled with upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) flysch and molasse sediments. The Namurian is characterized by flysch, in the Westphalian this gradually grades into molasse and other continental deposits, among which the thick coal layers of the Belgian coal measures.

References

Literature
Franke, W.; 1989: "Tectonostratigraphic units in the Variscan belt of Central Europe", in: Dallmeyer (eds.): Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic orogens, Geological Society of America Special Paper 230, pp. 67–90.
Franke, W.; 1992: "Phanerozoic structures and events in central Europe", in: Blundell, D. J.; Freeman, R. & Mueller, S. (eds.): A Continent Revealed - The European Geotraverse, 297 pp., Cambridge University Press, , pp. 164–179.
Franke, W.; 2000: "The mid-European segment of the Variscides: tectonostratigraphic units, terrane boundaries and plate tectonic evolution", in: Franke, W.; Haak, V.; Oncken, O. & Tanner, D. (eds.); Orogenic Processes, Quantification and Modelling in the Variscan Belt, Geological Society of London, Special Publications 179, pp. 35–61.
Matte, P.; 2001: "The Variscan collage and orogeny (480±290 Ma) and the tectonic definition of the Armorica microplate: a review", Terra Nova 13, 122–128.
von Raumer, J. F.; Stampfli, G. M. & Bussy, F.; 2003: "Gondwana-derived microcontinents – the constituents of the Variscan and Alpine collisional orogens", Tectonophysics 365, pp. 7–22.
Walter, R.; 2003: Erdgeschichte – Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane, 325 pp., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (5th printing), .
Ziegler, P. A.; 1990: Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe, Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij BV (2nd ed.), .

Devonian geology
Carboniferous geology
Geology of Belgium
Geology of Germany
Geology of England
Back-arc basins


Karnice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Puszcza Mariańska,  south of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Karnice


Korabiewice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Puszcza Mariańska,  south of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Korabiewice


Lisowola  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Lisowola


Marianów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Michałów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Mrozy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Niemieryczew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Puszcza Mariańska,  south of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Niemieryczew


Nowa Huta  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Nowy Karolinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Nowy Łajszczew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Olszanka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Konopište is a village in the Municipality of Kavadarci, situated in the center of the vinegary region of Tikveš, North Macedonia. Until 2004, it was the seat of Konopište Municipality.

Demographics
According to the statistics of the Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kanchov from 1900 the settlement is recorded as Konopišta (Конопища) and as having 742 inhabitants, 710 being Christian Bulgarians,  18 Christian Albanians and 14 Romani. In the 1905 Austrian ethnographic map of the region of Macedonia, Konopište appears as being inhabited by an Exarchist Orthodox Macedonian Slavic majority and an Orthodox Christian Albanian minority.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 55 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:

Macedonians 55

References

Notes

Villages in Kavadarci Municipality


Pniowe  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Pniowe


Puszcza Mariańska  is a village in Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Puszcza Mariańska. It lies approximately  south-west of Żyrardów and  south-west of Warsaw.

On 10 August 1683, King John III Sobieski stopped at the local monastery on his way to Vienna. According to the story, the ruler, sleeping under the monastery's linden tree, had a dream of the Virgin Mary, promising him victory at the Battle of Vienna. For his troops, the sun was supposed to shine an hour longer, which was supposed to ensure victory. After the victory at Vienna, the king was supposed to rest here again, which he did. This is confirmed by the gifts left on the way back, including a Turkish saddle cloth from which the cope was made.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Radziwiłłów is a Polish toponym referring to the Radziwiłł noble family. It may refer to:

 Radziwiłłów, Greater Poland Voivodeship, village in Greater Poland Voivodeship
 Radziwiłłów, Masovian Voivodeship, village in Masovian Voivodeship
 Radyvyliv, town in Ukraine (formerly in Poland)


Radziwiłłów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Sapy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Sapy


Stara Huta  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Stary Karolinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Stary Łajszczew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Studzieniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Waleriany  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Waleriany


Wilczynek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Wilczynek


Wincentów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Wola Polska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Wycześniak  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Puszcza Mariańska,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Wygoda  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Zator  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puszcza Mariańska, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Puszcza Mariańska,  south of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Zator


Adamów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radziejowice,  east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Adamów-Parcel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radziejowice,  east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Benenard  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Radziejowice,  south of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Benenard


Budy Józefowskie () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radziejowice,  east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Budy Mszczonowskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Radziejowice,  south-east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Budy Mszczonowskie


Chroboty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radziejowice,  east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Chroboty


Kamionka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Kamionka


Korytów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radziejowice,  south-east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Korytów A is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Krze Duże  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Radziejowice,  south-east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Krzyżówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Kuklówka Radziejowicka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Kuklówka Zarzeczna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Kuranów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Nowe Budy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Pieńki-Towarzystwo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Podlasie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Radziejowice () is a village in Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Radziejowice. It lies approximately  south-east of Żyrardów and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Radziejowice


Radziejowice-Parcel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Radziejowice-Parcel


Słabomierz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Radziejowice,  south-east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Stare Budy Radziejowskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stare Budy Radziejowskie


Tartak Brzózki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


The Bridgwater by-election of 12 March 1970 was the first election in the United Kingdom to be held after the voting age had been reduced from 21 to 18 via the Representation of the People Act 1969. The seat was held by the Conservatives on a turnout of 70.3%.

Results

See also
 1918 Bridgwater by-election
 1938 Bridgwater by-election

References

Bridgwater by-election
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Somerset constituencies
Bridgwater by-election
Bridgwater
20th century in Somerset
Bridgwater by-election


Zazdrość  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Zboiska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejowice, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Radziejowice,  south-east of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Zboiska


Aleksandrów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Antoniew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Babskie Budy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wiskitki,  north-west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Babskie Budy


Cyganka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Czerwona Niwa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Wiskitki,  north-west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Czerwona Niwa


Czerwona Niwa-Parcel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Czerwona Niwa-Parcel


Duninopol  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Duninopol


Działki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Feliksów () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, which is located within Żyrardów County of Masovian Voivodeship in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Wiskitki,  north of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Franciszków () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Guzów-Osada  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Hipolitów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wiskitki,  north-west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Janówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Jesionka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wiskitki,  south-west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Józefów () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


The 1969 Tasman Series was a motor racing competition staged in New Zealand and Australia for cars complying with the Tasman Formula. The series, which commenced on 4 January 1969 and ended on 16 February 1969 after seven rounds, was the sixth annual Tasman Series. It was won by Chris Amon, driving a Dino 246 Tasmania.

Races

The series was contested over seven races.

Points system
Series points were awarded at each race on the following basis.

All points scored by each driver were retained to determine final series placings.

Series standings

References

1969
Tasman Series
Tasman Series


Kamionka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Kamionka


Dhavalambari (pronounced ) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 49th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called  or  in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 1st rāgam in the 9th chakra Brahma. The mnemonic name is Brahma-Pa. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu mi pa dha na. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:
(the notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, shuddha nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Gayakapriya, which is the 13th melakarta.

Janya rāgams
Dhavalambari has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for all janya rāgams associated with Dhavalambari.

Compositions
A few compositions set to Dhavalambari are:

Karvaya kanda by Koteeswara Iyer
Srivani pustaka pani by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Sringaradi by Muthuswami Dikshitar

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Dhavalambari's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields no other melakarta rāgam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Kamionka Mała  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wiskitki,  west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Łubno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Miedniewice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wiskitki,  west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

Notable residents
Zbigniew Religa (1938–2009), Polish cardiac surgeon and politician

References

Miedniewice


Miedniewice-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Miedniewice-Kolonia


Miedniewice-Łąki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Miedniewice-Parcela  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Miedniewice-Parcela


Morgi  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Nowa Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wiskitki,  west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Nowe Kozłowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wiskitki,  north of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Nowy Drzewicz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Nowy Drzewicz


Nowy Oryszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Nowy Oryszew


Oryszew-Osada  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Oryszew-Osada


Podbuszyce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Wiskitki,  north of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Podbuszyce


Podoryszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Podoryszew


Popielarnia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wiskitki,  west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Prościeniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Różanów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Siarkowiec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Siarkowiec


Smolarnia may refer to the following places:
Smolarnia, Czarnków-Trzcianka County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Smolarnia, Konin County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Smolarnia, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Smolarnia, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)


Smolarnia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wiskitki,  west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Smolarnia


Panchjanya is an Indian weekly magazine published by Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in Hindi.  It was launched by RSS pracharak Deendayal Upadhyaya in 1948 in Lucknow. RSS is a right-wing, Hindu nationalist, paramilitary volunteer organisation that is widely regarded as the parent organisation of the ruling party of India, the Bharatiya Janata Party.

History
The weekly was launched on 14 January 1948, the day of Makara Sankranthi. Its first editor was Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
The inaugural cover page carried a picture of Lord Krishna with its objective to pursue idealism based on patriotism and to uphold the cultural heritage of India.

Chief Editors have included K. R. Malkani.

It is now edited by Hitesh Shankar, who was formerly an editor of Hindustan. He is also the member of IIMC's new executive council.

In 1995, the Audit Bureau of Circulation credited the magazine with a circulation of 85,000 copies, a figure which Tarun Vijay claimed that it has crossed the 1 lakh. However, its 2013 circulation was 50,000 copies.

Controversy
Panchjanya in its 2015 October 25 edition carried a cover story [Is Utpat ke Us paar’ (The other side of this disturbance)’ by Hindi writer Tufail Chaturvedi] in which it justifies the Dadri incident, saying 'the Vedas order that a sinner who slaughters a cow must be killed. For a lot of us, this is a question of life and death'.

In September 2021, it published a 4 page cover story criticising the glitches in GST Tax Portal developed by Infosys. The article questioned if any "anti-national power is trying to hurt India's economic interests through it". This article caused a lot of controversy in Indian politics and IT industry. Later, the communications chief of RSS clarified that "Panchajanya is not a mouthpiece of the RSS and the said article or opinions expressed in it should not be linked with the Sangh".

See also
 Organiser (newspaper)

References

Sources

External links
 Panchjanya
 History of Panchjanya

1948 establishments in India
Cultural magazines
Hindi-language magazines
Weekly magazines published in India
Magazines established in 1948
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Sangh Parivar


Sokule  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wiskitki,  west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Sokule


Stara Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Stare Kozłowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Starowiskitki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wiskitki,  north-west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Starowiskitki


Starowiskitki-Parcel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Starowiskitki-Parcel


Stary Drzewicz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stary Drzewicz


Stary Hipolitów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Żyrardów County


Tomaszew may refer to the following places:
Tomaszew, Koło County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Tomaszew, Konin County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Tomaszew, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


The 1999 International Rules Series was the sixth annual International Rules Series and the second time that a test series of international rules football has been played between Ireland and Australia since the series resumed in 1998.

The 1999 series was played in Australia with a two-test series used to decide the winner. The first test was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the second test was played at Football Park in Adelaide. The 1999 Series was historic for the fact that a then record crowd of 64,326 turned up at the Melbourne Cricket Ground for the first test followed by a strong 45,187 fans at the second test in Adelaide. The two combined crowds equalled to 109,513, smashing the opening record at the previous year's series in Ireland.

The second test of the 1999 series in Adelaide finished as a draw, the first time such a result occurred in an international rules series.

Series overview
The first test was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in front of a then record crowd of 64,326. In a high scoring game, the Irish were victorious with McDermott scoring Ireland's only goal of the match. The Australians were not disgraced, finishing just 8 points behind the Irish at the end of the night with Nathan Buckley kicking 5 overs. The second test provided a unique result. In a first for any international rules game, the second test finished as a draw. Despite this, the Irish still won the series by 8 points on aggregate (their winning margin of the first test). Nathan Buckley again scored 5 overs, prompting many to pronounce him the Jim Stynes Medal winner. Michael O'Loughlin and Shane Crawford each scored a goal each whilst for the Irish, McDermott and Tohill gained scores of 7 in front of over 45,000 people at Football Park in Adelaide. Ireland won the series 122–114 on aggregate.

Squads
For Australian squad see: Australia 1999 Team
For Ireland squad see: Ireland 1999 Team

Matches

First test

Second test

See also
 International Rules football
 Gaelic football
 Australian rules football
 Comparison of Australian rules football and Gaelic football

References
 https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072553/http://footystats.freeservers.com/Footystats/Aust-Ireland.html#1999
 http://internationalrules.gaa.ie/1999.html (Archived 2009-06-11)
 http://www.tariksport.com/international%20rules%20results.shtml (Archived 2009-06-11)

1999
International sports competitions hosted by Australia
International Rules Series
1999 in Australian rules football


Tomaszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wiskitki,  west of Żyrardów, and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Tomaszew


Wiskitki  is a town in Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wiskitki. It is located approximately  north-west of Żyrardów and  west of Warsaw.

The town has a population of 1,420.

History

The settlement dates back to the Middle Ages, and was first mentioned in 1221, when it was part of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. It was granted town rights by Polish King Sigismund III Vasa in 1593 or 1595. It was a royal town of Poland, administratively located in the Rawa Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown. In the 16th century Polish philosopher and bishop Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki funded the construction of the All Saints church, which remains the greatest historic landmark of the town.

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, it was occupied by Germany until 1945. At least three Poles from Wiskitki were murdered by the Russians in the large Katyn massacre in 1940.

Notable residents
Rudolf Gundlach (1892–1957), military engineer, inventor and tank designer

References

External links

 Jewish Community in Wiskitki on Virtual Shtetl

Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship
Żyrardów County
Rawa Voivodeship
Historic Jewish communities in Poland


Wola Miedniewska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiskitki, within Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Wiskitki,  north-west of Żyrardów, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Wola Miedniewska


Philip Leonardus Walker (29 August 1954 – 7 July 2022) was an English professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He played for Millwall, Charlton Athletic and Gillingham in the English Football League. After a brief spell with Eastern AA of Hong Kong, he finished his career with eleven years in Portugal with Leixões, Boavista and Maia. His nephew is the Southampton player, Kyle Walker-Peters.

Career
Born in London, Walker joined Millwall in 1975 having played for non-league sides Epsom & Ewell and Cobham prior to that, quickly establishing himself in the centre of the team's midfield. One of the first notable black players in the club's history, he garnered renown as a skilful player with excellent passing; he moved to Charlton Athletic in 1979, and remained there until 1983 when he briefly joined Hong Kong club Eastern AA.

Walker spent half a season with Portuguese club Leixões before moving on at the age of 30 to Boavista. He quickly established himself in the starting eleven, and was a first-choice player for the vast majority of his seven-year spell.

After nearly five seasons with northern neighbours Maia, then playing in the Portuguese Second Division, Walker retired at the age of 41. He subsequently had a brief stint as Maia's coach in the early 2000s.

Later life
Following his retirement, Walker returned to England and set up a soccer school in Wandsworth, London. He died on 8 July 2022.

References

External links

TotalSoccer profile

1954 births
2022 deaths
Footballers from Greater London
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Cobham F.C. players
Epsom & Ewell F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Gillingham F.C. players
Eastern Sports Club footballers
Leixões S.C. players
Boavista F.C. players
F.C. Maia players
English Football League players
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hong Kong
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
English expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Black British sportsmen


Ferdous Ahmed is a Bangladeshi film actor and producer. He was born on June 7, 1972, in comilla, Bangladesh. He is the only Bangladeshi actor to work as a lead character in both bollywood and tollywood films. He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor a record 5 times for his roles in the films Hothat Brishti (1998), Gangajatra (2009), Kusum Kusum Prem (2011), Ek Cup Cha (2014) and Putro (2018).

Ferdous began his acting career in 1997 with the film Buker Bhitor Agun. He rose to fame in the early 2000s with his performances in critically acclaimed films like  Hothat Brishti (1998), Kokhono Megh Kokhono Brishti (2003), Chandrokotha (2003) and Nondito Noroke (2006). He has since acted in numerous commercially successful films, including Amar Swapno Tumi (2005), Moner Manush (2010) and Guerrilla (2011).

Apart from acting, Ferdous has also produced several films, including Kusum Kusum Prem (2011) and Ek Cup Cha (2014).

Ferdous has won numerous awards for his acting, including four National Film Awards for Best Actor, making him the highest recipient of the award. In 2022, He was awarded Ekushey Padak for his contributions to the films.

Ferdous has also acted in a few Indian films, including Mitti (2001), where he played the lead male role.

With a career spanning over two decades, Ferdous has become one of the most popular and highest paid actors in Bangladesh.

Career

Actor
Ahmed was introduced in the film industry by choreographer Amir Hossain Babu. He debuted in the film Buker Vetor Agun as Salman Shah died at the middle of the taping. Later the director changed the story a bit and brought Ferdous to play the role. He gained his first massive success in Hothat Brishti (1998), directed by Basu Chatterjee. He won his first Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor for the lead role in the film. He then acted Chatterjee's two other films – Chupi Chupi (2001) and Tak Jhal Mishti (2002).

In 2003, he performed in Chandrokotha of filmmaker Humayun Ahmed and Kal Shokale of Amjad Hossain. He then acted in Bachelor (2004), directed by Mostofa Sarwar Farooki and Meher Nigar – the first film that is made from the writing of national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and directed by Moushumi – Guljar. In the next year 2005, Ahmed again performed in the second film made from the script of national poet's literature. The film named Rakkhushi and he acted with actress Rojina. In the same year he also acted in the film Ayna directed by actress Kabori Sarwar.

In 2006, Ahmed worked in two films of Didarul Alam. The first was made from the first novel of Humayun Ahmed, Nondito Noroke, directed by Belal Ahmed. The second was directed by Didarul Alam and named Na Bolona.

In 2008, Ahmed performed in the film Rupantor directed by Abu Saeed. In 2009, acting in the film Gangajatra brought him the second National Film Award.

In 2010, Ahmed acted in films like Golapi Ekhon Bilatey by Amjad Hossain, based on sports perspective Jaago directed by Khijir Hayat and the film based upon in a special character in the film Ke Apon Ke Por. In the meantime, Ahmed also acted in an Indian action film and participated in the film Khoka Babu in 2012.

Producer
Ahmed owns film production house Nuzhat Films, television production house CinemaScope and a wing of event planning studio. He produced his first film Ek Cup Cha (2014). Then he produced Postmaster 71.

Personal life
Ferdous's ancestral hometown is in Titas Upazila, Comilla District. Ferdous married Tanya on 9 December 2004.

Controversy
During the run-up to the 2019 Indian general election, Ahmed visited West Bengal, India and was campaigning for chief minister and All India Trinamool Congress chief Mamata Banerjee. The Indian Union Ministry of Home Affairs revoked his business visa in turn.

Filmography

References

External links

Living people
Bangladeshi male film actors
Best Actor National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners
Place of birth missing (living people)
1974 births


The Pafos Aphrodite Festival Cyprus is a company established to promote Paphos in Cyprus as an international centre of high-profile cultural events. Its aim is to organise and manage a yearly international artistic event that takes place at the square in front of the medieval castle at the harbour in Kato Paphos.  It organises and hosts an opera performance at the end of August or early September and has over the years invited a variety of companies and performances to the festival:

Productions

References

Associated Press, Aida by Bolshoi Opera launches Paphos Aphrodite Festival, September 11, 1999.

Opera festivals
Theatre festivals in Cyprus
Festivals in Cyprus


Turmanin () is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located north of Idlib. Nearby localities include al-Dana and Sarmada to the southwest, Darat Izza to the northeast and Atarib to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Turmanin had a population of 10,394 in the 2004 census.

The town is notable for the ruins of an ancient basilica in its vicinity. The Basilica, built around 480 AD, was an important influence on later church architecture, and operated as a monastery and a hospice that was noted for its care for the dying. Recently, the town came under the control of the Syrian National Army.

Climate
In Turmanin, the climate is warm and temperate. In winter there is much more rainfall in Turmanin than in summer.
According to Köppen and Geiger climate is classified as Csa.
The average annual temperature in Turmanin is 16.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 459 mm.
The driest month is July with 0 mm. Most precipitation falls in January, with an average of 90 mm.
The warmest month of the year is August with an average temperature of 27.7 °C. In January, the average temperature is 6.0 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

Deir Turmanin: the Byzantine monastery

The ruins of the Byzantine monastery of Deir Turmanin (deir meaning 'monastery' in Arabic) are located northeast of the modern village. The monastery buildings stood around a paved courtyard containing two cisterns, a sarcophagus and several tombs. The ruins include a building that housed the monks' dormitories, and the large 5th-century basilica. The twin-towered facade of the church had a colonnade above the portal. The towers were three stories high and were roofed with gables. The church was probably donated by wealthy patrons. Evidence at the site suggests that the monks were involved in agricultural activity and kept livestock.

See also

Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
Dead Cities

References

Bibliography

Populated places in Harem District
Towns in Syria
Archaeological sites in Idlib Governorate
Syriac Christianity
Dead Cities


Namanarayani (pronounced ) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 50th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Nāmadēshi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 9th chakra Brahma. The mnemonic name is Brahma-Sri. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu mi pa dha ni. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:
(this scale uses the notes shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, kaisiki nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Vakulabharanam, which is the 14th melakarta.

Janya rāgams
Namanarayani has a few minor derived scales (janya rāgams) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of scales associated with Namanarayani and other melakarta rāgams.

Compositions
A few compositions set to Namanarayani scale are:

Paga Seya Thaguna by Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavathar
En maname by Koteeswara Iyer
Narmada kaveri by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Mahadeva pahimam by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Namanarayana ananyarha by Sriman N.Ch.Krishnamacharyulu

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Namanarayani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields no other melakarta rāgam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Herbert Halliwell Hobbes (16 November 187720 February 1962) was an English actor.

Early years
Hobbes's schooling came at Trinity College in Straford-upon-Avon.

Career
Hobbes's stage debut was as a member of Frank Benson's company, in the role of Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet in 1898. In 1908 and 1910 he played Prince Michael in The Prince and the Beggar Maid at the Lyceum Theatre in London.

Of his performance in a 1924 production of Ferenc Molnar's The Swan, Benjamin De Casseres wrote:

Hobbes moved back to Broadway by the mid-1940s, appearing in Romeo and Juliet as Lord Capulet and continuing there until late 1955. By 1950 he had moved to American television in the diverse playhouse format.

A heart ailment caused Hobbes to retire in 1956.

Personal life
In 1915, Hobbes married Nancie Brenda Marsland, an actress. They had one son, actor Peter Hobbes.

Death
After Hobbes died from a heart attack on February 20, 1962, he was buried at the Chapel of the Pines Crematory in Los Angeles.

Filmography

 Lucky in Love (1929) as Earl of Balkerry (film debut)
 Jealousy (1929) as Rigaud
 Grumpy (1930) as Ruddick
 Charley's Aunt (1930) as Stephen Spettigue
 The Bachelor Father (1931) as Larkin, the Butler
 The Right of Way (1931) as The Siegneur
 The Lady Refuses (1931) as Sir James - Lawyer (uncredited)
 Five and Ten (1931) as Hopkins (uncredited)
 The Woman Between (1931) as Barton - the Butler
 The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931) as Roget
 Platinum Blonde (1931) as Butler
 Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) as Brig. Gen. Danvers Carew
 Forbidden (1932) as Florist (uncredited)
 Lovers Courageous (1932) as Mr. Smith
 The Menace (1932) as Phillips
 Love Affair (1932) as Kibbee
 Devil's Lottery (1932) as Lord Litchfield
 Man About Town (1932) as Hilton
 Week Ends Only (1932) as Martin
 Six Hours to Live (1932) as Baron Emil von Sturm
 Payment Deferred (1932) as A Prospective Tenant
 Cynara (1932) as Coroner at Inquest
 Looking Forward (1933) as Mr. James Felton
 A Study in Scarlet (1933) as Dearing
 Midnight Mary (1933) as Churchill
 Captured! (1933) as British Major General
 The Masquerader (1933) as Brock
 Lady for a Day (1933) as Butler
 If I Were Free (1933) as Burford - Gordon's Butler (uncredited)
 Should Ladies Behave (1933) as Louis
 I Am Suzanne (1933) as Dr. Lorenzo
 Mandalay (1934) as Col. Dawson Ames
 Riptide (1934) as Bollard
 All Men Are Enemies (1934) as Clarendon
 Double Door (1934) as Mr. Chase
 The Key (1934) as General C.O. Furlong
 Madame Du Barry (1934) as English Ambassador
 Bulldog Drummond Strikes Back (1934) as First Bobby
 She Was a Lady (1934) as George Dane
 British Agent (1934) as Sir Walter Carrister
 We Live Again (1934) as Official (uncredited)
 Menace (1934) as Skinner
 Father Brown, Detective (1934) as Sir Leopold Fischer
 The Right to Live (1935) as Sir Stephen Barr
 Folies Bergère de Paris (1935) as Monsieur Paulet
 Vanessa: Her Love Story (1935) as Father of Little Girl (uncredited)
 Cardinal Richelieu (1935) as Father Joseph
 Jalna (1935) as Uncle Ernest Whiteoak
 Charlie Chan in Shanghai (1935) as Chief of Police
 Millions in the Air (1935) as Theodore
 Captain Blood (1935) as Lord Sunderland (uncredited)
 Rose Marie (1936) as Mr. Gordon (uncredited)
 Here Comes Trouble (1936) as Prof. Howard
 The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936) as Dr. Lister
 Dracula's Daughter (1936) as Hawkins
 Changing of the Guard (1936, Short) as Grandfather, the Colonel
 Hearts Divided (1936) as Cambaceres
 The White Angel (1936) as Lord Raglan
 Spendthrift (1936) as Beuhl - the Butler
 Mary of Scotland (1936) as Minor Role (uncredited)
 Give Me Your Heart (1936) as Oliver
 Love Letters of a Star (1936) as Hotchkiss
 Maid of Salem (1937) as Jeremiah
 The Prince and the Pauper (1937) as Archbishop
 Parnell (1937) as W.H. Smith (uncredited)
 Fit for a King (1937) as Count Strunsky
 Varsity Show (1937) as Dean Meredith
 The Jury's Secret (1938) as John, The Butler
 Bulldog Drummond's Peril (1938) as Professor Bernard Goodman
 Kidnapped (1938) as Dominie Campbell
 You Can't Take It With You (1938) as DePinna
 Service de Luxe (1938) as Butler
 Storm Over Bengal (1938) as Sir John Galt
 A Christmas Carol (1938) as Clergyman Sliding on Sidewalk (uncredited)
 Pacific Liner (1939) as Captain Mathews
 The Hardys Ride High (1939) as Dobbs, the Butler
 Tell No Tales (1939) as Dr. Lovelake
 Naughty but Nice (1939) as Dean Burton, Winfield College
 Nurse Edith Cavell (1939) as English Chaplain
 Remember? (1939) as Butler Williams
 The Light That Failed (1939) as Doctor
 The Earl of Chicago (1940) as Lord Chancellor
 Waterloo Bridge (1940) as Vicar at St. Matthews (uncredited)
 The Sea Hawk (1940) as Astronomer
 Third Finger, Left Hand (1940) as Burton
 Lady with Red Hair (1940) as Divorce Judge (uncredited)
 That Hamilton Woman (1941) as Rev. Nelson
 Sunny (1941) as Johnson (uncredited)
 Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941) as Sisk
 Dr. Kildare's Wedding Day (1941) as Minister (uncredited)
 Son of Fury: The Story of Benjamin Blake (1942) as Purdy
 To Be or Not to Be (1942) as General Armstrong
 The War Against Mrs. Hadley (1942) as Bennett
 The Undying Monster (1942) as Walton, the Butler
 Journey for Margaret (1942) as Mr. Barrie
 Forever and a Day (1943) as Doctor
 Sherlock Holmes Faces Death (1943) as Brunton
 Mr. Muggs Steps Out (1943) as Charney, the Butler
 His Butler's Sister (1943) as Willebrandt (uncredited)
 Gaslight (1944) as Mr. Muffin
 Mr. Skeffington (1944) as Soames (uncredited)
 The Invisible Man's Revenge (1944) as Cleghorn
 Casanova Brown (1944) as Charles
 Information Please (1944, Short) as Leutnant Eberhard (uncredited)
 Canyon Passage (1946) as Clenchfield
 If Winter Comes (1947) as The Coroner
 The Black Arrow (1948) as Bishop of Tisbury
 You Gotta Stay Happy (1948) as Martin
 That Forsyte Woman (1949) as Nicholas Forsyte
 Miracle in the Rain (1956) as Ely B. 'Windy' Windgate (final film)

Partial Broadway credits
 And Then There Were None (1943)
 Murder on the Nile/Hidden Horizon (1944–45)

References

Further reading
 "Check your choice with Brisson...Frances...Hobbes". Life. p. 62

External links

1877 births
1962 deaths
English male film actors
People from Stratford-upon-Avon
20th-century English male actors
Burials at Chapel of the Pines Crematory
English male stage actors
British emigrants to the United States


Sidhant Mohapatra (born 4 May 1966), popularly known as Munna Bhai, is an Indian actor and politician who appears predominantly in Odia films. Mohapatra has also won seven Odisha State Film Awards back-to-back, from 2000 to 2006, and a Filmfare Awards East award.

Early and personal life
Mohapatra was born as Gyana Ranjan Mohapatra in Odia Brahmin Family  Brahmapur, Odisha to Kanak and Manmohan Mohapatra. He completed his early education at St. Vincent's Convent School, Brahmapur and his higher secondary education in commerce at Dharanidhar Autonomous College, Keonjhar. Mohapatra completed his post graduate Diploma in Marketing from the  Hindu Institute of Marketing and Management in New Delhi in 1989.

Career

Acting
His debut film Gowri Kalyana was made in 1989.

Politics
He joined Biju Janata Dal in 2009 and successfully contested Berhampur constituency in the 2009 15th Lok Sabha election. Mohapatra was reelected in the 2014 general election by a margin of nearly 100,000 votes. However, he did not contest the constituency for a third term.

Filmography

Awards

References

External links

orissacinema.com
Siddhanta Mohapatra Biography In Odia

1966 births
Living people
Lok Sabha members from Odisha
India MPs 2009–2014
Male actors in Odia cinema
India MPs 2014–2019
People from Brahmapur
Biju Janata Dal politicians
Indian actor-politicians
20th-century Indian male actors


Norges Sildesalgslag (Norwegian Herring Sales Association) is a national sales organization for the sale of pelagic fish. The pelagic sector forms an important part of the seafood industry, which is Norway's second largest export trade.

History
Noregs Sildesalslag originated as an association of herring fishermen which was formed in 1936 with the merger of two fishing associations: Storsildlaget, which dated to 1926, and Stor- og Vårsildlaget, which dated from 1928. The first director of Noregs Sildesalslag was Mons A. Kårbø who served until 1951. Kårbø had previously been chairman and president of the sales board of Stor- og Vårsildlaget.

Norges Sildesalgslag is owned and operated by Norwegian fishermen.  Norges Sildesalgslag has a central role in all sales which are carried out through electronic auction. Both Norwegian and foreign fishermen sell their fish through this association, which is open for bids from Norwegian and foreign buyers. The fishing fleet consists of 600 - 800 vessels.

Annually approximately 2 million tons of pelagic fish are sold through Norges Sildesalgslag. This corresponds to 2 - 2.5% of the total global wild fish catch.  Catch data are instantly reported for governmental bodies, providing high quality input for resource control purposes. The main fish species that are traded are herring and mackerel. The first-hand value of this volume depends in the international market and amounts to 4-6 billion NOK or 500-700 million Euro annually. The export value amounts to 5-6 billion NOK.

References

Other sources
Johannessen, Arne & Magne Misje (2002) Rott jer sammen : Norges sildesalgslag 1927-2002 (Bergen: Norges Sildesalgslag)
Sjølset, Ellen & Thorvaldsen, Linda Therese (1998) Balansert økonomistyring i Norges sildesalgslag (Bergen: Norges Sildesalgslag)
Johannessen, Arne (1997) Tradisjon og fornyelse : Norges sildesalgslag 70 år i 1997  (Bergen: Norges Sildesalgslag)
 Johansen, K. E. (1990)   Mons A. Kårbø – eit lite portrett av ein stor fiskarhovding (Bergen: Fiskarsoge frå Hordaland

External links

Seafood companies of Norway
Fish processing companies


Christo Niewoudt is a former South African cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a leg-break bowler who played for Limpopo.

Niewoudt made a single first-class appearance and a single List A appearance in the South African Airways Provincial Challenge competitions of 2006–07. Bowling in the upper-middle order, he scored 22 runs in two first-class innings, and 32 not out in the only first-class innings in which he bowled.

Niewoudt bowled 36 complete overs in his only first-class appearance, taking figures of 4–75.

External links
Christo Niewoudt at Cricket Archive

South African cricketers
Limpopo cricketers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)


Johan Barkhuizen (born 1 September 1982) was a South African cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a rightarm medium-fast bowler who played for Limpopo. He was born in Pretoria.

Barkhuizen made two first-class appearances for the team, scoring 27 runs in four innings, and bowling 16 complete overs, though he failed to take a wicket in first-class cricket.

Barkhuizen made a single one-day appearance, scoring 12 runs in the only innings in which he batted, and taking figures of 2–58 with the ball in 8 overs.

External links
Johan Barkhuizen at Cricket Archive

1982 births
Living people
South African cricketers
Limpopo cricketers


Tshepo Mangena (born 7 March 1983) was a South African cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler and wicket-keeper who played for Limpopo. He was born in Phalaborwa in a location called Namakgale.

Mangena's first cricketing appearance came in the UCB Associates Cup, though he failed to make much of an impression with the bat from the opening order.

Almost exactly two years later, Mangena made his debut first-class appearance for Limpopo, against Griqualand West. He made one further first-class appearance in the competition, and a one-day appearance, with a top first-class score of 19 runs.

External links
Tshepo Mangena at Cricket Archive

1983 births
Living people
South African cricketers
Limpopo cricketers


Gamanashrama (pronounced gamanāshrama) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 53rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. This is the Carnatic equivalent of Marva in Hindustani Classical Music.

Gamanashrama is the Prathi Madhyamam equivalent of the 17th Melakarta raga Suryakantam

It is called Gamakakriya in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 5th rāgam in the 9th chakra Brahma. The mnemonic name is Brahma-Ma. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu mi pa dhi nu. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham and kakali nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampurna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Suryakantam, which is the 17th melakarta.

Janya rāgams
Gamanashrama has a few janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Hamsanandi and Poorvikalyani are popular. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Gamanashrama.

Compositions
A few compositions set to Gamanashrama are:

Meenakshi Memudam & Ekamranatham bhajeham by Muthuswami Dikshitar (also sung in Poorvikalyani)
Sri chakrapura vasini by Muthiah Bhagavatar
Idu neeku nyayama by Mysore Vasudevachar
Ubhaya kaveri by Veene Sheshanna
Ihame Sukhamu by Kotishwara iyer
Enni Maarulu ne vinna by Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Janya: Poorvi Kalyāni Ragam

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Gamanashrama's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other minor melakarta rāgams, namely, Jhankaradhwani and Ratnangi. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer to Graha bhedam on Ratnangi.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Bistrica pri Tržiču (; ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Name
Bistrica pri Tržiču was attested in written sources as Fuistriza between 1050 and 1063, Fistricium in 1247, and Fewstricz in 1391, among other spellings. The name of the settlement was changed from Bistrica to Bistrica pri Tržiču in 1953. In the past the German name was Feistritz.

Church

Northeast of the settlement's core stands St. George's Church, a chapel-of-ease of the Parish of Tržič. It is a 15th-century Baroque-redesigned Gothic church with a late-Gothic chancel and a coffered ceiling. The furnishings are from the 19th century.

References

External links

Bistrica pri Tržiču on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


Bernard du Bec (died May 8, 1149), also known as Bernard le Vénérable, was a Benedictine monk who served as the thirteenth abbot of Mont Saint-Michel. He belonged to a high-ranking noble family in Normandy.

References
French Wikipedia article of same name (see link in navigation bar to left)

French Benedictines
1149 deaths
Year of birth unknown


Tiruppur District is one of the 38 districts of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, formed in 22 February 2009. Dharapuram was the largest taluk by area in the district. The district is well-developed and industrialized. The Tiruppur banian industry, the cotton market, Kangeyam bull and Uthukkuli butter, among other things, provide for a vibrant economy. The city of Tiruppur is the administrative headquarters for the district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,479,052 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.

History
The district is named after the city of Tiruppur. In Mahabaratha, Arjuna (the third of the Pandavas) returned the cattle captured by the enemies and returned to Dharapuram (நிறை மீட்டல், Nirai Meetal). It eventually become Nirai Thiruputhal and become Tiruppur.

Since the 1990s, the formation of the new Tiruppur district had been urged by the exporters of Tiruppur. Tiruppur city and surrounding region, where there is considerable industrial and business activities, was to be the core area.  They believed that a new district would facilitate administration of the region and allow more aggressive development measures. Tiruppur district was formed in 2009, carved out of the Coimbatore and Erode districts making it the 32nd district of Tamil Nadu and one of the ten most industrialised and economically developed districts of Tamil Nadu.

Before the formation of Tiruppur district, Avinashi, Madathukulam, Palladam, Tiruppur, and Udumalpet were taluks of Coimbatore district; and Dharapuram and Kangeyam were taluks of Erode district. The new taluks of Madathukulam and Uthukuli were formed after the district was created.

Geography and climate
Tiruppur district lies on the western part of Tamil Nadu bordering the Western Ghats and hence the district enjoys a moderate climate. The district is surrounded by Coimbatore district in the west, Erode district to the North and northeast and Karur district in the east and Dindigul district in the south east. To the south the district is surrounded by Kerala state (Idukki district). The district has an area of 5187 sq.km. The southern and south western parts of the district (Dharapuram and Udumalpet) enjoys maximum rainfall, due to the surrounding of western ghats. The rest of the district lies in the rain shadow region of the Western Ghats and experiences salubrious climate most parts of the year, except the extreme east part of the district. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures for Tiruppur city during summer and winter vary between 35 °C to 18 °C. The average annual rainfall in the plains is around 700mm with the North East and the South West monsoons contributing to 47% and 28% respectively to the total rainfall. The major rivers flowing through the district are Noyyal and Amaravathi. The Amaravati river is the main source of irrigation in the district. Amaravathi Dam, which created Amaravathi Reservoir, is located at Amaravathinagar. Thirumurthy dam which is created by the PAP project is situated in this district. Both Amaravathi dam and Thirumurthy dam are the prime source of irrigation in the district, whereas Uppaar dam is another dam which receives water from seasonal rains.

Demographics

According to 2011 census, Tiruppur district had a population of 2,479,052 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 61.35% of the population lived in urban areas. A total of 241,351 were under the age of six, constituting 123,612 males and 117,739 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 15.97% and 0.22% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 71.02%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 712,210 households. There were a total of 1,266,137 workers, comprising 130,331 cultivators, 216,945 main agricultural labourers, 36,139 in house hold industries, 785,181 other workers, 97,541 marginal workers, 5,486 marginal cultivators, 29,388 marginal agricultural labourers, 4,849 marginal workers in household industries and 57,818 other marginal workers.

At the time of the 2011 census, 83.82% of the population spoke Tamil, 11.04% Telugu, 2.29% Kannada, 1.19% Malayalam and 0.93% Urdu as their first language.

Politics

|}

Administration and politics
Tiruppur district is administered by a collector, presently K. Vijaya Karthikeyan.

Revenue Divisions and Taluks

Tiruppur Revenue Division: Tiruppur North, Tiruppur South, Palladam, Avinashi, Uthukuli

Dharapuram Revenue Division: Dharapuram, Kangeyam

Udumalpet Revenue Division: Udumalpet, Madathukulam

Municipal corporations
 Tiruppur Municipal Corporation (TCMC)

Municipalities
 Udumalpet
 Dharapuram
 Kangeyam
 Vellakoil
 Palladam
 Nallur
 Velampalayam
 Thirumuruganpoondi

Town Panchayats
 Avinashi (also spelled as Avanashi)
 Madathukulam
 Uthukuli
 Mulanur
 Chinnakkampalayam
 Dhali
 Kaniyur
 Kannivadi
 Kolathupalayam
 Komaralingam
 Kunnathur
 Muthur
 Rudravathi
 Samalapuram
 Sankaramanallur

Proposed Greater Tiruppur
 Tiruppur Municipal Corporation
 Nallur
 Velampalayam
 Thirumuruganpoondi
 Neripperichal
 Chettipalayam
 Veerapandi
 Mannarai
 Karaipudur
 Muthanampalayam
 Andipalayam
 Muruganpalayam
 Mangalam
 Kanakkampalayam (Tiruppur)

Proposed Municipalities
 Avinashi
 Madathukulam
 Thottipalayam

Proposed Town Panchayats
 Kamanaickenpalayam
 Uthiyur
 Pongalur
 Kundadam
 Gudimangalam
 Semmipalayam
 Kanakkampalayam (Udumalaipettai)
 Periakottai
 Palangarai
 Velayudampalayam

Panchayat Unions / Blocks
 Dharapuram
 Mulanur
 Kundadam
 Kangeyam
 Vellakoil
 Avanashi
 Uthukuli
 Tiruppur
 Palladam
 Pongalur
 Udumalaipettai
 Gudimangalam
 Madathukulam

Parliamentary constituencies
 Tiruppur (Part)
 Pollachi (Part)
 Coimbatore (Part)
 Erode (Part)
 The Nilgiris (Part)

Assembly constituencies
 Avanashi
 Tiruppur North
 Tiruppur South
 Palladam
 Dharapuram
 Kangeyam
 Udumalpet
 Madathukulam

Economy
The city of Tirupur, at the heart of the district, is a textile center.  The agricultural sector is predominantly small and has marginal farmers with land holdings of less than two hectares.

See also
Andiagoundanoor
List of districts of Tamil Nadu
Thandukkaran palayam
Kongu Tamil

References

External links

District website

Districts of Tamil Nadu
2009 establishments in Tamil Nadu


Brdo () is a small settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Name
Brdo was attested in written sources as Ekk  1420 and Nawarde in 1498.

References

External links

Brdo on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


Breg ob Bistrici () is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Name
Breg ob Bistrici was attested in historical sources as Rain in 1498. The name of the settlement was changed from Breg to Breg ob Bistrici in 1953.

References

External links

Breg ob Bistrici on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


The 39th General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia between October 1, 1928, to July 13, 1933.

Gordon Sidney Harrington became premier in 1930 after E. N. Rhodes entered the federal cabinet.

Division of seats

There were 43 members of the General Assembly, elected in the 1928 Nova Scotia general election.

List of members

Former members of the 39th General Assembly

References

38
1928 establishments in Nova Scotia
1933 disestablishments in Nova Scotia
20th century in Nova Scotia


Brigadier George Streynsham Rawstorne CBE, MC (22 January 1895 – 15 July 1962) was an English soldier and cricketer. He was born in Croston, near Chorley, Lancashire and died at Rovie, Rogart, Sutherland.

The son of a bishop, Rawstorne was educated at Eton College and was in the cricket team for three years to 1914; he was captain in his last year. He also made a single appearance for the Lancashire Second XI in 1913. Rawstorne made his first and only first-class appearance in 1919, in Lancashire's first County Championship fixture for nearly five years. Batting in the middle order, he scored 2 runs in the only innings in which he batted, as Lancashire ran out victors by a ten-wicket margin.

During World War II, Rawstorne commanded the 15th Brigade in North Africa and Sicily. From 1945 until his retirement in 1947, he was the commanding officer of Inverness sub-district. From 1950 until his death, he served as Lord Lieutenant of Sutherland.

External links
George Rawstorne at Cricket Archive
George Rawstorne at The Generals of World War II

1895 births
1962 deaths
People educated at Eton College
People from Croston
English cricketers
Lancashire cricketers
Lord-Lieutenants of Sutherland
British Army personnel of World War II
Seaforth Highlanders officers
Recipients of the Military Cross
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire


Aharon "Roni" Brizon (, born 16 October 1944) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Shinui and the Secular Faction between 2003 and 2006.

Biography
Born in Tel Aviv, Brizon gained a BA in political science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a BA in philosophy from Tel Aviv University. in 1999, Brizon joined the Shinui party, and began to write in Tel Aviv's local press under the pen name "Inj Krid Leper"

For the 2003 elections he was placed tenth on the Shinui list, and entered the Knesset when the party won 15 seats. During his first term he was a member of the House Committee, the Internal Affairs and Environment Committee, the Finance Committee and the Committee on Foreign Workers. Along with most of the party's MKs, he defected to the Secular Faction (which later became Hetz) shortly before the 2006 elections following disagreements over the results of Shinui's primary results. He was placed second on the Hetz list for the elections, but lost his seat when the party failed to cross the electoral threshold.

On March 25, 2007, Brizon became Israel's Trade Commissioner within the Israeli Delegation to the European Union.

Brizon later joined Hatnuah, and was placed twentieth on its list for the 2013 elections. However, the party won only six seats.

References

External links

1944 births
Living people
Politicians from Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv University alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Social Sciences alumni
Shinui politicians
Hetz (political party) politicians
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)


The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (, Cyrillic: Суд Босне и Херцеговине; abbreviated as the Court of BiH in English) is the highest ordinary court of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was established on 3 July 2002 by the Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the Law on the Court of BiH, promulgated on 12 November 2000 by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is based in Sarajevo (88 Kraljice Jelene street) was necessary to provide for judicial protection in the matters that under the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina fall under the jurisdiction of the Court of BiH, such as fight against terrorism, war crimes, human trafficking, organized and economic crimes. Also, with the aim of establishing the rule of law, it is important to underline the role of the Court of BiH, which will also work on the harmonization of standards in court proceedings. Essentially, the role of the Court of BiH is similar to the role of the federal judiciary of the United States (except the Supreme Court), but without diversity jurisdiction.

The Court is a judicial body which does not have a time-limited mandate. Unlike the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia whose work is regulated by the Statute issued by the UN Security Council and the Rulebook adopted by the ICTY judges, the Court of BiH hands down verdicts in accordance with the laws of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina, such as the BiH Criminal Code and the BiH Criminal Procedure Code. Besides the fact that the international judges and prosecutors worked at the Court of BiH and the Prosecutor's Office of BiH (until 2009), the key functions are held by the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Trials are conducted in one of the official languages of BiH in accordance with the national laws, while the convicted persons serve their time in prisons in BiH.

Competencies of the Court of BiH
The competencies of the Court of BiH are regulated by the Law on the Court of BiH and are related to criminal, administrative and appellate jurisdiction.

Within its criminal jurisdiction, the Court of BiH tries cases pertaining to the crimes laid down by the laws of BiH, which include war crimes, organized crime, economic crime and corruption cases.

Administrative jurisdiction means that the Court of BiH adjudicates cases pertaining to the decisions issued by BiH institutions and other organizations in charge of public functions, such as property disputes related to the performance of public functions between the States and the Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, breaches of the election law, etc.

However, the Court of BiH does not act on appeals from decisions issued by Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina courts.

Divisions and Sections
There are three Divisions within the Court of BiH: Criminal, Administrative and Appellate. The Criminal Division contains: Section I – War Crimes Chamber; Section II – Organized Crime, Economic Crime and Corruption and Section III – General Crime.

The Appellate Division rules on appeals against decisions made within the Criminal and Administrative divisions, decides on complaints related to the breaches of the Election Law, as well in other cases as provided by the laws of BiH.

Within the Court of BiH there exists the Registry for War Crimes and Organized Crime, Economic Crime and Corruption.

The Common Secretariat provides administrative support to the General Crime Section and the Administrative Division.

The role of the Registry is to provide the Court of BiH with the conditions for its efficient work by rendering administrative support to Sections I and II for War Crimes and Organized Crime.

The President of the Court and his/her role
The High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council appoints the President of the Court of BiH. President of the Court of BiH is one of the Judges appointed to the Court of BiH, who must possess the required managerial and organizational skills important for the work of the Court of BiH. President is appointed to a mandate of six (6) years and can be reappointed.

The responsibilities of the President of the Court are regulated by the Law on the Court of BiH and internal acts of the Court. President of the Court, inter alia, has the following responsibilities:

representing the Court of BiH in relations with the state-level bodies and organizations;
assignment of judges to Divisions and Chambers;
appointing replacements for judges in cases of recusal/disqualification of judges;
scheduling Plenum sessions, management of cases and assignment of cases among members of the Court of BiH, and if necessary assigning the Division/Section in charge;
convening and chairing the Plenum of the Court of BiH;
Court of BiH budget execution;
managing the staff of the Court of BiH.

Appointment of the judges
According to the Law, the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council appoints Judges including the President of the Court of BiH, lay judges and additional judges to the Court of BiH. The HJPC advertises job vacancies, and then decides on the appointment. Judges of the Court of BiH must have at least eight years of experience as judges, prosecutors, attorneys or other relevant legal experience following the bar exam, and are appointed for life, having in mind the fact that their term in office may cease in case they resign or reach the age limit which is obligatory for retirement, or in case they are removed from office for the reasons stipulated in the Law.

Appointment of international judges and prosecutors
The Registry manages the process of appointing and engaging international judges who are appointed to Section I and the Section II of the Criminal and Appeal divisions, as well as international prosecutors who are appointed to the Special Departments.

After a joint recommendation of the President of the Court of BiH and the President of the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council, the High Representative appoints international judges. After a joint recommendation of the Chief Prosecutor of BiH, the President of the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council and the Registry, the High Representative appoints international prosecutor. International judges and prosecutors are appointed by the High Representative by the powers vested in him by Article 5, Annex 10, of the Dayton Peace Accord.

There are 42 national and 16 international judges.

The budget of the Court of BiH
The total amount allocated in the national budget for the Court of BiH in 2006 equates to 5,328,800 Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka (Approximately US$3,7 million). The funds are being used for salaries, allowances and other reimbursements for the judges and administrative support staff, their travel allowances, office costs, building and equipment maintenance, legal and professional fees and other purposes.

In addition to this amount, the international community has donated approximately EUR 10 million in 2006 to support the work of the Court of BiH and the Prosecutor’s Office of BiH, particularly the work of the Special Department for War Crimes and Special Department for Organised Crimes as well as the work of the International Registry.

The Registry has contributed to the Court of BiH in the form of maintenance and capital expenditures such as equipment, construction works and similar. The amount of EUR 10 million also covers the expenses related to the engagement of the international judges, legal advisors and prosecutors. That amount is pledged through the international donations and managed separately from the budget of the state institutions.

It is planned that the integration process, i.e. the process of transferring financial responsibility form the Registry budget to the budgets of BiH will start in 2006. In practical terms this means the transfer of the staff from the Registry to their appropriate BiH budget, during 2006 to 2009.

The difference between the Court of BiH and the ICTY
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia is an ad hoc tribunal, which has a limited existence, and which was established to hand down verdicts for serious violations of international humanitarian law and for war crimes committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991. This fact limits the mandate of the ICTY so that it can deliver judgments only for the most responsible persons who committed war crimes, in accordance with the time-frame and criteria for issuing the indictment as defined by the ICTY Prosecution (OTP).

The Registry
The Registry of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Ured registrara) was established on 1 December 2004 for a five-year period through "Agreement between the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Establishment of the Registry for Section I for War Crimes and Section II for Organized Crime, Economic Crime and Corruption of the Criminal and Appellate Divisions of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Special Department for War Crimes and the Special Department for Organized Crime, Economic Crime and Corruption of the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina".

The mandate of the Registry is to manage and provide administrative, legal and other support services to Section I for War Crimes and Section II for Organized Crime, Economic Crime and Corruption of the Criminal and Appellate Divisions of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as to provide support services to Special Departments of the Prosecutor’s Office, which include, but are not limited to, support to international judges and prosecutors in their work. The support services range from organizing and coordinating, in cooperation with relevant national authorities, of detention related activities, criminal defence and support to and protection of witnesses.

The Registry is located in the same premises as the Court of BiH and Prosecutor’s Office. The Registry currently employs around 270 staff.

Common Secretariat
The Common Secretariat is responsible for the administration and the provision of support services to Section III of the Criminal and Appellate Divisions and the Administrative Division. The Common Secretariat is managed by a Chief Registrar, assisted by two officers.

The Common Secretariat includes the "Department for legal, general, administrative and technical support affairs", the "Department for financial-material affairs", and the "Court Sections Legal Support Service".

Notable judgements of the Court of BiH

Some of the notable judgements of the Section I of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina may be listed as follows:

Sakib Mahmuljin
Sakib Mahmuljin, the former commander of the Third Corps of the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, ABiH, was sentenced by the Appeal Chamber of the State Court in April to eight years in prison for crimes committed in 1995 in Vozuca and Zavidovici on Serb population. He is not serving his jail sentence and is instead undergoing medical treatment in Turkey, his lawyer confirmed to BIRN. While organizations from Bosnia’s Serb-majority entity Republika Srpska believe Mahmuljin escaped due to the negligence of the judiciary, the State Court says that no prohibition measures were imposed on him and that he was not sent to serve his sentence. The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, asked by BIRN, clarified that Mahmuljin was not sent to serve a prison sentence, and that it was informed through his lawyer that he was undergoing treatment in Turkey. It said it was investigating the allegations, and that in the course of the referral procedure, will take adequate legal action. The court noted that, during the criminal proceedings until the end of the proceedings, no prohibition measures were imposed on the convicted person. Milorad Kojic, director of the Center for Research on War, War Crimes and the Search for Missing Persons of Republika Srpska entity, told BIRN that by not imposing any measures prohibiting people from leaving Bosnia, but also by not issuing a referral act for serving the sentence after the second-instance verdict, the Court enabled Mahmuljin “to escape under the pretext of treatment”. Mahmuljin’s lawyer, Vasvija Vidovic, confirmed to BIRN that he is undergoing treatment in Turkey. The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina requested an international arrest warrant for Mahmuljin, because he did not respond to the summons on November 23 when he was supposed to be sent to serve his sentence.

Gojko Janković
Gojko Janković, born on 31 October 1954, in village Trbušće, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The indictment alleged that, between April 1992 and February 1993, as a leader of a paramilitary group, Gojko Janković took part in a large-scale and systematic attack on the non-Serb population in the Foča municipality region, acting in co-ordination with the Foča-based brigade of the Republika Srpska Army. He allegedly also took part in the imprisonment, killing and sexual abuse of non-Serbs mainly Muslim women and young girls. It is alleged that the accused was involved in the abovementioned acts by issuing orders, aiding and abetting, and committing the crimes himself.

The accused voluntarily surrendered on 13 March 2005 and on 14 March 2005 he was transferred to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) Detention unit in The Hague. ICTY decided to transfer the case to the Court of BiH on 15 November 2005. The accused was transferred to BiH on 8 December 2005. The Court of BiH confirmed/accepted the indictment against Gojko Janković on 20 February 2006.

On 16 February 2007, the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) rendered the first instance verdict in the Section I for War Crimes case of Gojko Janković, finding the Accused guilty of Crimes against humanity and sentencing him to 34 years imprisonment.

On 19 November 2007 the Appellate Panel issued the final verdict in the case of Gojko Janković, partially upholding the defence appeal, and modifying the Trial Panel’s verdict of 16 February 2007 in the legal qualification of the acts constituting the criminal offence of Crimes against Humanity, for which the Trial Panel had convicted the Accused. The Trial Panel’s verdict remains unchanged in the remaining parts, including the long term imprisonment of 34 years which the Trial Panel imposed on the Accused.

Dragan Damjanović
Dragan Damjanović born on 23 November 1961 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The indictment alleged that between July 1992 and January 1993, as a part of widespread and systematic attack of the Republika Srpska Army (RSA) against Bosniak population from Vogošća area, Dragan Damjanović committed murders, torture, rapes of Muslim women and other inhumane acts.

The accused is in custody since 3 March 2006. The Court confirmed the indictment on 29 March 2006.

On 13 June 2007, the Appellate Panel of Section I for War Crimes of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina handed down the final verdict in the case of Dragan Damjanović, sentencing him to 20 years long term imprisonment.

Radisav Ljubinac
Radisav Ljubinac aka Pjano, born on 12 January 1958 in Ćemanovići, Rogatica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The accused has been in custody since 20 December 2005.

According to the indictment, Radisav Ljubinac participated in the persecution of the Bosniak civilian population in the area of the Rogatica municipality from May to November 1992 on political, national, ethnic, cultural and religious grounds. It is further alleged that this persecution was carried out as part of a widespread and systematic attack by the Army and Police of the so-called Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and paramilitary units under the leadership of the Serb Democratic Party. The indictment was confirmed on 15 May 2006.

On 8 March 2007, by first instance verdict Radisav Ljubinac was found guilty of Crimes against humanity and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment.

On 23 October 2007, the Appellate Panel of Section I for War Crimes of the Court modified the Trial Panel’s verdict.  The Appellate Panel noted that the Trial Panel failed to dismiss a charge which the Prosecutor had dropped during the trial.  The Appellate Panel revised the Trial Panel’s verdict and dismissed this charge, while leaving the remaining parts of the verdict unchanged.

Neđo Samardžić
Neđo Samardžić, born on 7 April 1968 in Bileća, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The accused is in custody since 9 October 2005.

The indictment alleged that, in the period April 1992 - March 1993, on the territory of the Foča municipality the accused committed and helped commit killings, forced relocations of persons, deprivations of liberty, sex slavery, rapes and persecution of Bosniak inhabitants on national, religious, ethnic and sexual grounds.

The Court of BiH took over the case on 9 September 2005. The Court confirmed the indictment on 28 December 2005.

First instance trial panel found Neđo Samardžić guilty and sentenced him to twelve years imprisonment.  The Appellate Panel judgment found the accused guilty and sentenced him to final sentence of 24 years imprisonment.

Radovan Stanković
Radovan Stanković, born on 10 March 1969 in Trebičina, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

SFOR arrested him on 9 July 2002 and since 10 July 2002 he was in custody in the ICTY Detention Unit. ICTY transferred the case to the Court of BIH on 1 September 2005 and the accused was transferred in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 29 September 2005.

The indictment against Radovan Stankovic alleged that, in the period between April 1992 to February 1993, as a member of the Miljevina battalion, Foča tactical brigade, he committed, incited, aided and abetted the enslavement, torture, rape and killing of non-Serb civilians.  These acts were allegedly carried out as part of a widespread and systematic attack of the army of Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, police and paramilitary formations against the non-Serb population of the Foča Municipality. The Court confirmed/accepted the indictment on 7 December 2005.

On 14 November 2006, by the first instance judgment Radovan Stanković was found guilty and sentenced to 16 years imprisonment. The Appellate Panel judgment on 17 April 2007 found the accused guilty and sentenced him to final sentence of 20 years long term imprisonment.

Nenad Tanasković
Nenad Tanasković aka Nešo, born on 20 November 1961 in the village of Donja Lijeska, Višegrad municipality. The Accused has been in custody since 11 July 2006.

The indictment alleges that, as a reserve policeman in the Višegrad Public Security Station, in the period April to June 1992, the Accused participated in a widespread or systematic attack of the Republika Srpska Army, police and paramilitary formations on the Bosnian Muslim civilian population of the Višegrad municipality.  It is alleged that during this attack hundreds of civilians were killed, tortured, beaten, raped, illegally deprived of liberty, detained in inhumane conditions and forcibly transferred out of this municipality. The indictment was confirmed on 6 October 2006.

On 24 August 2007, by first instance verdict, Nenad Tanasković was found guilty for the crimes against humanity and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.  On 26. March 2008, the Appellate Panel of Section I for War Crimes of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina modified the Trial Panel’s verdict regarding the sentencing, so the Accused Nenad Tanasković is now sentenced to 8 years of imprisonment for the criminal offense of Crimes against Humanity.

Nikola Andrun
Nikola Andrun, born on 22 November 1957 in Domanovići, Čapljina Municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The indictment charged Nikola Andrun with acting contrary to Geneva Conventions in his capacity as the deputy head of the camp "Gabela" (municipality of Čapljina) during the second half of 1993, at the time of a conflict between the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatian Defense Council (HVO).

The Accused has been in custody since 30 November 2005. The Court confirmed the indictment on 27 April 2006.  On 20 August 2007, the Appellate Panel issued a decision revoking the Trial Panel’s verdict and ordering retrial before the Appellate Panel.

The re-trial before the Appellate Panel commenced on 26 March 2008.

The Appellate Panel of Section I for War Crimes of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina revoked the first-instance Verdict by which the Accused Andrun was found guilty of the criminal offense of War Crimes against Civilians and sentenced to 13 years of imprisonment, and on 19 August 2008 delivered the second-instance Verdict by which the Accused Nikola Andrun was found guilty of the criminal offense of War Crimes against Civilians and sentenced to 18 years of imprisonment.

External links
  War Crimes
 The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Prosecutor's Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 The Registry for War Crimes and Organized Crime
 The Ministry of Justice of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Relevant laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2002 establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Courts and tribunals established in 2002


Brezje pri Tržiču () is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is located near the road from Tržič to Begunje. In 2018 it had a population of 359.

Name
Brezje pri Tržiču was attested in written sources as Nabrezi between 1050 and 1065, Bresicz in 1420, Fresiach in 1436, and Sannd Angnes in 1498, among other spellings. The modern name of the settlement was changed from Sveta Neža (literally, 'Saint Agnes') to Brezje pri Tržiču in 1955. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms.

Church
The local church is dedicated to Saint Agnes (). The current church was built in 1967 based on plans by the architect Anton Bitenc (1920–1977).

References

External links

Brezje pri Tržiču on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


Value system may refer to:

Value system - social scientific concept - meaning the set of cultural and moral values a person or a group has.
'Value system' in mathematics, which means a set of interrelated values.
'Value system' an extension of the value chain concept.


Čadovlje pri Tržiču () is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Čadovlje to Čadovlje pri Tržiču in 1953.

References

External links

Čadovlje pri Tržiču on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič