The Sneath Glass Company  was an American manufacturer of glass and glassware. After a brief 1890s startup in Tiffin, Ohio, the company moved to Hartford City, Indiana, to take advantage of the Indiana Gas Boom. The small city was enjoying the benefits of the boom, and could provide natural gas as an energy source for manufacturers. Sneath Glass was one of many glass manufacturers that moved to the region, and became Hartford City's second largest employer.

Among the original owners, Ohio businessman Ralph Davis Sneath provided capital and financial knowledge—and his family is the company's namesake. Sneath was president of the firm when it moved to Indiana. Henry Crimmel, who already had over 25 years of glassmaking experience when he joined the company, provided the manufacturing expertise after the firm's reorganization. Following this reorganization, Alva Clyde Crimmel (Henry's son) was the firm's secretary, while John W. Geiger served as treasurer. These four members of the management team were the company's owners when it moved to Indiana.

In Indiana, the company's main products were initially lantern globes and founts (which held the lantern's fuel), and railroads were its major customers. As demand for lanterns declined during the beginning of the 20th century, Sneath evolved to be a maker of glassware for portable kitchen cabinets, such as those made by Sellers and the Hoosier Manufacturing Company. Eventually, portable kitchen cabinets lost their popularity after new houses began utilizing built-in cabinetry. Sneath transitioned to be a maker of a new group of wares—glass products for refrigerators. While lanterns, kitchenware, and refrigerator products were the major goods manufactured by the company during its existence, it also made a wide variety of additional merchandise. Aquariums, lenses, and mailboxes were also among the glass products made by the company. Sneath was also an early manufacturer of heat-proof glass.

After World War II, Sneath's major products began to become obsolete because of the plastics industry. Unlike earlier in the century, the company did not transition to a new major product when demand for its portfolio of manufactured goods subsided.  Management did not adapt to competition from the plastics industry, faced a shrinking market for its goods, and could not raise prices due to post-war government price controls. The factory closed in 1952 after a work stoppage led by the local labor unions.

Early years
The Tiffin Glass Company was established in 1889 in Tiffin, Ohio. On January 22, 1892, the company was purchased by Samuel B. Sneath, Ralph D. Sneath, and John. W. Geiger—and renamed Sneath Glass Company. Production began in February, and their main products were lantern globes and tumblers.  After a reorganization and the destruction of its Tiffin works by fire, the company was lured to Hartford City, Indiana.  Located in East Central Indiana, Hartford City offered free natural gas and land. The East Central Indiana area was enjoying an economic “boom” period at that time caused by the discovery of natural gas.  The first Sneath Glass plant in Hartford City was located on the north side of town.  Production began in September 1894, and the company already had orders for 6 months of work on the first day of operation.

Following the company's reorganization, the firm's officers were Ralph Davis Sneath, president; John. W. Geiger, treasurer; Alvie Clyde Crimmel, secretary; and Henry Crimmel, plant manager. These four men were also the owners of the company, each owning equal shares of its stock.  The board of directors consisted of the four owners plus Ralph's father, Samuel B. Sneath.  The Sneaths came from a family of prominent businessmen from Tiffin, Ohio, and the Crimmels came from a family of glassmakers. Ralph Sneath also became involved in a grain dealership, railroading, and banking.  He eventually became president of the Commercial National Bank of Tiffin, Ohio, and also president of the Ohio Banker's Association.
Civil War veteran Henry Crimmel brought over 25 years of glass making experience to the company, having learned and sharpened his skills in Bellaire, Fostoria, and Tiffin, Ohio.  Henry's brothers, Johannes (a.k.a. John) and Jacob, worked in glassmaking—and Jacob also helped found the American Flint Glass Workers' Union.  Both Henry and Jacob Crimmel were considered key craftsmen in the early days of the Fostoria Glass Company.  While the Sneaths remained in Tiffin to oversee their many business interests, the Crimmels and Tiffin businessman J. W. Geiger moved to Hartford City.

Originally, Sneath Glass made kerosene lantern globes and the founts that held the lantern's fuel.  Ruby, green, and blue globes were a specialty.  At one time, Sneath Glass was one of only three factories in the United States that made copper ruby globes. Major customers of lantern globes were railroads and ships.  Sneath globes were also used during the construction of the Panama Canal.

By 1897, the company had over 60 employees.  Although plant manager Henry Crimmel was known for his craftsmanship, he was also mechanically inclined. The Sneath plant had a unique system of air hoses that would allow glass blowers to quickly finish glassware that was started without the aid of machinery, enabling the skilled workers to achieve a much higher production rate.  Henry Crimmel received a patent in 1904 for a “Glass Drawing Machine” that was an improvement for glass blowing and prevented irregularities in the glass.

In 1905, Sneath Glass moved to the Jones plant of the American Window Glass Company, located on Wabash Avenue in the west side of Hartford City. The Wabash Avenue site had direct access to a railroad, and was close to Washington Street, which eventually became part of Indiana State Road 26, now the major east-west highway through the city. The Jones plant was quickly remodeled, and both operations and headquarters were moved to that site. This location became the permanent home of Sneath Glass Company.

John W. Geiger, part of the original company ownership and management, retired in 1907 and moved back to Tiffin, Ohio.  He died at his home in Tiffin on June 23, 1915, at the age of 74 years.  Another original investor, Samuel B. Sneath, died earlier in the same (1915) year, on January 7.

Transition from globes to other products

Originally, the company devoted its production exclusively to lighting and lantern-related products such as lantern globes and founts.  It made more globes than any two companies combined.  Several factors contributed to the need for a transition from globe manufacturer, and all were related to declining demand. First, around the beginning of the 20th century, electrification and the incandescent light bulb began replacing oil lamps, causing less need for lamp globes and fonts in cities.  A few decades later, railroads (major customers for globes) stopped expanding.  Railroad route miles peaked around 1916, and railroad employees peaked around 1920. Since the railroad industry was shrinking, its demand for lantern globes would diminish.  Finally, in the 1930s, rural electrification decreased farmers' need for oil lamps.

By 1899, the company was listed as the only manufacturer of semaphore globes and bulls eye lenses. However, the company was diversifying from its lighting products portfolio with fruit jars and glassware.    Three sizes of Mason jars were being hand blown by 1908.  The Sneath jars were said to be "superior and more durable than machine made jars."  Around the same time, the company began making glass canisters for kitchen cabinet companies, including the Hoosier cabinet made by Hoosier Manufacturing Company. This began the gradual (but important) transition from manufacturer of globes to manufacturer of glass products for portable kitchen cabinets. Cabinet products included salt and sugar bins, spice jars, and coffee and tea jars. From 1914 to 1916, management patented dispensing caps, a dispensing jar, and a bracket for supporting dispensing bins used in kitchen cabinets.

Henry Crimmel suffered a stroke in 1916, and died about one year later. Henry's son (and company co-founder) Alva Clyde (a.k.a. Alvie or Clyde) Crimmel took more management responsibilities at that time, and by 1920 his title was Vice-President and Treasurer. Clyde's oldest son, Henry Hays Crimmel, joined the company's management in 1918, focusing on sales. Henry Hays had been working at Sneath since he was a child, and was very familiar with the company's products. Child labor was common in glass factories during the 19th century and early 20th century. The elder Henry Crimmel was fined $11.95 in 1901 by the state of Indiana for employing children under the age of 14.

The company used its experience with lighting and lenses to assist the United States government during World War I.  Almost 10 percent of Sneath's production was devoted to a contract with the United States Navy to manufacture signal and masthead lights.  Red, green, and white lights were produced for Navy ships.

By 1918, the company's products (in addition to the lenses and lamps) were lantern globes, colored and crystal specialties, and food preservation ware such as canisters and fruit jars.  Around 1920, the company began making an interesting (but less important) product—a wall-mounted mail box.  These mailboxes were made of glass, enabling one to easily see if mail had been delivered.  Sneath employee William Chapman, working under the supervision of Ray Pruden, was granted a patent for the glass mailbox in 1921.  Ray Pruden was superintendent of the factory, assuming that title after Henry Crimmel's stroke. William Chapman was a well-known glass blower who also secured a patent for an ash tray.  Employees of the company also patented other products, including a drawer pull, a caster for furniture, a newspaper receptacle, and a chick feeding fount.  Years later, the glass mailbox was shown in Popular Mechanics magazine.

Sneath Glass continued making glassware for kitchen cabinet manufacturers such as Hoosier and Sellers, and the 1920s were peak years for that cabinet style. Sneath management also patented more of its products used in kitchen cabinets, such as a sugar bin and a holder for condiment jars.
  The company also continued to improve its manufacturing process, as two employees were granted a patent for a means to remove glass from molds.

The Great Depression and World War II
In 1930, management consisted of Ralph D. Sneath, president; Alvie Clyde Crimmel, vice president; Henry Hays Crimmel, treasurer and general manager; Harry C. Hill, secretary and sales manager; and Ray Pruden, factory manager.  During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Sneath kept much of its workforce employed by shortening shifts.  This kept the company from losing its skilled workers, and enabled more people to be employed.  The glass business was thought to have one advantage during difficult economic times:  people purchased glass products rather than metal products.

In addition to their kitchen glassware products, Sneath began to make refrigeration products.  Between 1933 and 1941, management secured at least six patents related to mechanical refrigerators. At one time, Sneath Glass produced almost 90 percent of the glassware used in consumer refrigerators in the United States.  This glassware was produced under the name of the appliance manufacturer, and included the major manufacturers of the time.  Some of the consumer refrigeration products produced were defroster trays, cold water pitchers, and butter dishes. Additional products made by Sneath included sundae dishes, ink wells, fish tanks, and battery jars used by farmers' windmills.

Like the company's transition from lantern globes to glassware for kitchen cabinets, the transition to refrigerator products was important for the company's survival.  By the mid-1930s, the Hoosier style cabinets, many of which contained glassware made by Sneath Glass, had lost their popularity.  New houses typically contained built-in cabinetry.

Although the company had transitioned to refrigerator products as a focal point, it still made other merchandise.  One product was the company's own version of borosilicate glass, which was called "heat proof" glass.  This glass could be moved from a refrigerator to an oven without breaking from the extreme temperature change.  Heat proof glass was used for ovenware and coffee makers—and during World War II, it was used in searchlight products.  Unfortunately, the Sneath version of borosilicate glass, like the Sneath brand, was not promoted.

In 1940, millionaire Ralph Sneath died shortly after receiving severe injuries in an automobile accident,
and the last of the founders, Alvie Clyde Crimmel, became chief executive.  Although Sneath did not spend much time at the glass plant, he was well liked and watched the company finances.  Despite this loss, an aging workforce, and an aging infrastructure, the company continued to have talent both in the manufacturing process and creatively.  Employee James A. Lewis received three patents related to glassmaking during the early 1940s, and master glass blower Bill Claytor was well known in the industry.  Mr. Claytor became renowned in Hartford City because of the hand-blown Christmas gifts he made from a small furnace in the garage of his home.

During World War II, the company made water-tight globes and lenses for search lights.  Additional consumer products included glass irons, skillets, and even kitchen sinks.  The 1946 management team was A. C. Crimmel president; Henry Hays Crimmel, Vice President; H.C. Hill, Secretary and Sales Manager; S.B. Sneath Jr., Treasurer; John Richard Crimmel, Assistant Treasurer and Purchasing Agent; and Ray Pruden, Superintendent.  Refrigeration products continued to be the most important segment of the product portfolio at that time.

The end of Sneath Glass

In the early 1950s, glass manufacturers faced competition from the new plastics industry.  Glass companies needed to change with the times or face extinction, and Sneath Glass did not make enough changes.  Refrigerator parts such as drip plates were being made of plastic instead of glass, and the company declined opportunities in both fibreglass and plastics. By making glassware mostly for other companies, Sneath had lost brand recognition, and it did not promote the Sneath brand or products such as its heat proof glass.  Competitors making ovenware products had gained much better brand recognition.  This meant that the company faced declining demand for its top two categories of products.

During 1952, the nation had a system of price controls that attempted to control post-war inflation.  Workers at the Sneath Glass plant held a strike (the first ever for Sneath Glass), demanding better wages and fringe benefits.  Unfortunately, even if the competitive market would accept higher prices for Sneath glassware, the nation's Price Stabilization Board would not allow Sneath to increase prices—
and the company was already losing money.  The plant was closed, and approximately 125 families lost a source of income.  The remaining company founder, A.C. Crimmel, died within two years.  Ironically, Henry Crimmel helped found a company that lasted 60 years, and his brother Jacob helped found a union that contributed (along with management) to the company's demise.

In 1953, Indiana Glass Company purchased controlling interest of the Sneath works.   The Indiana Glass works was located in an adjacent county, in Dunkirk, Indiana.  This acquisition enabled the company to offer
Sneath's heat proof glass as one of its many glassware products.  Production at the Hartford City plant was restarted briefly, but eventually halted.  In 1957, the Hartford City plant was sold to Canton Glass Company of Marion, Indiana.

Notes and references
Notes

References

Cited works

External links

Corning Museum of Glass—Sneath papers
Photo of Sneath Glass factory
Sneath brochure

Glassmaking companies of the United States
Defunct glassmaking companies
Blackford County, Indiana
Manufacturing companies based in Indiana
Manufacturing companies established in 1892
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1952
1892 establishments in Ohio
1952 disestablishments in Indiana
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Indiana


CompuBank, N.A. was a financial company engaged primarily in retail banking, mortgage banking, business finance and providing ATM and merchant processing services. CompuBank was founded in 1998 by banking veteran Frank Goldberg and launched on the internet in early October the same year. It was one of the pioneers of the Internet banking industry, and recognized as one of the first internet-only banks.

Headquartered in Suite in Suite 215 in 2 Greenway Plaza East, Houston, Texas, CompuBank was third internet-only bank, and the first American nationally chartered as a national bank by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency operating solely on the internet. The previous two Net-only banks, Security First Network Bank (SFNB) and NetBank (formerly Atlanta Internet Bank), used thrift charters. CompuBank offered a variety of depository products and services including: basic checking, interest checking, savings, money market accounts, certificates of deposits, visa check cards, direct deposit and transfers, free domestic wire services, online check re-order, free bill payment and free ATM services.

Compubank was launched in late 1998. After a tough start with an amateurish web site which was basically a site map plus four buttons, the bank tried to remake itself into a small business bank. However, the bank ran into difficulties due to its lack of loan products, and was acquired by NetBank in early 2001.

See also

Online banking
Telephone banking

References

invizibil pe mess, Netbanker.

External links
CompuBank (Archive)

Companies based in Houston
Defunct banks of the United States
Online financial services companies of the United States
Banks established in 1998
Banks disestablished in 2001
Defunct companies based in Texas


The Puerto Rican records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Puerto Rico, which are recognised and ratified by the Puerto Rican Swimming Federation: Federación Puertorriqueña de Natación (FPN).

All records were set in finals unless noted otherwise.

Long Course (50 m)

Men

Women

Mixed relay

Short Course (25 m)

Men

Women

Mixed relay

References
General
Puerto Rican Long Course Records 20 May 2023 updated
Puerto Rican Short Course Records 21 November 2022 updated
Specific

External links
FPN website

Puerto Rico
Records
Swimming
Swimming


Reddish House, also known as Reddish Manor, is an early 18th-century manor house in the village of Broad Chalke in Wiltshire, England. It was possibly built in its current form for Jeremiah Cray, a clothier. It is a Grade II listed building.

Whilst the history of the property can be traced to the early 16th century, the house as it currently stands appears to have been developed in the early 18th century, when owned by a series of three absentee landlords all sharing the name Jeremiah Cray.  The construction and design appear to show a mélange of influences of the architectural styles favoured during the reigns of Charles II (1660–1685); William III and Mary II (1689–1702); and Queen Anne (1702–1714).

Chronology

16th century

In the early 16th century, Littlecote farm was bought from John Littlecote by Sir Richard Elyot, serjeant-at-law and Attorney-General to the Queen consort, Elizabeth of York. After his death in 1522 it passed to his only son, Thomas Elyot a diplomat and author. The 50 acre farm was taken by the crown at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and it is surmised that this was because Sir Thomas Elyot had included it in an endowment to Salisbury Cathedral. In 1560 Queen Elizabeth I granted it to William Reddiche who already owned several properties in the village as a 'Free tenant' of the Earl of Pembroke in Wilton.

William Reddiche of Maiden Bradley was married to Alice Dyer, daughter of Sir James Dyer, a judge and Speaker of the House of Commons.

During the Dissolution period (circa 1530s) the farm appears to have been leased by John Penny. He died in 1555 bequeathing to his son the 80 sheep, grazing rights, sown crops and farm equipment.

17th century

The Reddish/Reddiche family owned the estate from 1560 until 1696 but as they lived in Maiden Bradley it was inhabited by a series of lessees. These appear to include the descendants of John Penny because in 1630 a new lease was granted to a John Penny.

The absentee Reddish family who owned the house and farm included Christopher Reddish (circa 1599); Edward Reddish (circa 1628); his sons William Reddish (circa 1662) and James Reddish who sold it in 1696 to Jeremiah Cray. Of Ibsley, Hampshire, Cray was another absentee landlord who owned several estates including Cray's Farm at Verwood.

18th century

Jeremiah Cray died in 1709 (or 1710) bequeathing most of his estates to either his brother Alexander or his nephew John Cray. In 1725 John Cray passed it to his own son Jeremiah who died in 1731 and whose own son, another Jeremiah Cray (the third Jeremiah) died in 1786. During the Cray ownership Reddish had been inhabited and farmed by a series of lessees including a mercer John Coombs from 1702 to 1706, and George Northover for over 50 years and James Lawes.

In 1786 Jeremiah Cray's estates were shared by his two daughters, Sarah and Margaret, wives of Sir Alexander Grant, 7th Baronet and Percival Lewis respectively.

19th century
Records indicate that a large service wing extended from the east side of the Baroque wing in the early 1800s but no physical evidence exists.

In 1806 the house was sold to George Young from Horton in Dorset who became the first resident owner for 246 years. It was probably during his ownership that the service wing was removed and a Drawing Room added as part of the alterations completed at his behest. Young bequeathed the property to his son George Bland Young in 1828; the coach house was probably constructed during his ownership, before 1886. It was then bequeathed to George Edgar Young in 1893.

20th century
The house was inhabited by Norah Young until 1918, and by Major C.A. Wells until 1929 when it was purchased by R.W. Williamson to amalgamate the 100 acres into the neighbouring Knowle farm. In 1935 Claude Williamson sold the house and its 2.5 acre gardens to Dr. Lucius Wood and his wife Clara who lived there from 1935 until 1947, running his General Practice and dentistry. Their son, the artist Christopher Wood is buried with them in the village churchyard; his headstone was carved by Eric Gill.

After losing the tenancy of his beloved Ashcombe House, society photographer and artist Sir Cecil Beaton bought nearby Reddish House in 1947 and transformed the interior. Beaton added rooms on the eastern side, extended the parlour southwards, and introduced many new fittings. Greta Garbo was a visitor. The upper floor had been equipped for illegal cock-fighting at the beginning of the 20th century; Beaton used the cages as wardrobes to store the costumes for his play "The Gainsborough Girls". The water garden he created in 1971 in the meadow at the front of the house, with meandering walks, is still in place. Beaton also added the indoor "Winter Garden" with a glass dome roof and a small pool in the marble floor. A historic research report by Adam Architecture is less complimentary about some other changes made during his tenure: "Beaton removed some important historic features within the house such as original partitioning and several fireplaces, and hid elements such as timber framing". He remained at the house until his death in 1980 and is buried in the churchyard.

The house was Grade II listed in March 1960, originally as Reddish Manor and stables; the listing was updated in December 1986. The list entry does not discuss the modifications made by Beaton and simply states that "it is probable that some of the interior was remodelled by Cecil Beaton".

In 1980, Ursula Henderson bought the house from the estate of Cecil Beaton and lived there until 1987, when she moved to the neighbouring village of Bishopstone. She was born Ursula von Pannwitz and was once styled Countess of Chichester from her first marriage to John Pelham, 8th Earl of Chichester who died on active service in 1944. While living at Reddish House, Henderson kept macaws which flew noisily and freely around the village, stripping bark from trees.

The house was owned and extensively renovated by musician Robert Fripp and his wife Toyah Willcox from December 1987 until July 1999.

21st century

Reports since that time do not specify the owners of the property, but a June 2017 architects' document states that "further additions and alterations were made ... most recently, in 2006. Articles published after the listing of the property for sale in 2020 discuss upgrades such as a "red brick and clay tile roof exterior opens into a ... reception hall with fireplace and ... Italian marble columns", a sitting room on the ground floor, an improved kitchen with modern appliances, and a carriage room. Two cottages in the grounds were also renovated.

References

Further reading
Anon, 1980, Reddish House Broadchalke Wiltshire. The Property of the Late Sir Cecil Beaton, C.B.E. London, Christie, Manson & Woods.  Catalogue of the sale of Cecil Beaton's works of art, furniture, silver, pictures, porcelain and garden effects on Monday 9 June 1980 and Tuesday 10 June 1980 by Christie's the auctioneers.
Anon, "Reddish House, Broad Chalke (Wiltshire)" Country Life volume 121, pages 540 and 596
Beaton, Cecil, introduction by Vickers, Hugo, 2003 The Unexpurgated Beaton: The Cecil Beaton Diaries as He Wrote Them, 1970-1980 London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson
Field, Horace and Bunney, Michael, 1928, "Reddish House, Broad Chalke" in English Domestic Architecture of the XVII and XVIII Centuries London: J. H. Jansen, 108
Sills, Stephen and Huniford, James, 2003, "Cecil Beaton's Reddish House" Architectural Digest January 2003
Ginger, Andrew, 2016 Cecil Beaton At Home: An Interior Life New York: Rizzoli

Georgian architecture in Wiltshire
Grade II listed buildings in Wiltshire
Country houses in Wiltshire
Grade II listed houses


Alan Saunders, CMG, OBE (1886–1964) was Inspector-General of Police in Mandatory Palestine between November 1937 and August 1943.

Saunders was educated at Christ's Hospital. His career was as follows: served Indian Police, 1908–14; war service,
1914–1920, in France, Flanders and Palestine; District Commandant, Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine
Police, 1920–26; Deputy Inspector-General, 1926–35; OBE 1932; Inspector-General,
Nigeria Police, 1936–37; Inspector-General of Police and Prisons, Mandatory Palestine, 1937;
Member, Palestine Advisory Council, 1937–43; CMG 1941; retired from Colonial Service,
1944; Chief Police Adviser, Allied Military HQ (Greece), 1944; Director, Middle East
Censorship, 1945–46; Commissioner Police, Tripolitania, 1946–1952. Married, 1920, Eva
Strickland (d. 1952): 1 son.

References

1886 births
1964 deaths
British colonial police officers
Mandatory Palestine people of World War II
British people in Mandatory Palestine


Dusit Thani () was a miniature city and micronation project created by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) of Siam (Thailand) in Dusit Palace (later moved to Phaya Thai) in the 1910s–1920s. The project explored aspects of democracy, as members of the court were to be "citizens" owning property in the model city. Elections were held, a constitution written, and two newspapers regularly published for the fictional country. Although critics have dismissed the project as nothing more than the king playing with dollhouses, others regard it as the first trial of a constitutional government in Thailand.

Creation
In the nineteenth century, miniature objects became a fad, especially in England where King Rama VI was educated. Dusit Thani was an example of the miniature object at that period. The intention of the city was to show equality of all citizens in a democratic society. Craftsmen were hired by noble families in Bangkok in order to reconstruct their houses in the miniature city. They had to register and buy land to become citizens in the city. They could freely express and participate in debating public affairs in the city. Two political groups were founded in Dusit Thani, the Blue Party and the Red Party. King Rama VI adopted the name "MR. Rama" to participate in the city.

The reign of King Rama VI is considered one of the golden ages of Thai literature. He was hoping to educate his citizens about democracy and set up Dusit Thani, a democratic model city. It was difficult for Thais at that time to understand the king, who was Westernized, and his concept of democracy because it was unfamiliar and hard to comprehend.

Dusit Thani was a Thai miniature city that was designed as a model city, established by King Vajiravudh or King Rama VI of Thailand. It was reported that Dusit Park was originally sited as the location of the city, which later was moved to Phraya Thai at the end of 1919. "Dusit Thani" means 'town in heaven'. "Dusit" is the name of the fourth of the six levels of Buddhist heaven and "Thani" means 'town'. King Rama VI was interested in democracy as he was the first Thai king to go to study abroad in England and to pursue the intention of his father (King Rama V) and grandfather (King Rama IV) of bringing modernization to the nation. The city was an experiment in democratic constitution which the king, himself, chose to initiate.

Construction
Dusit Park was a rice field before modernizing. The miniature model city was planned on one acre of the Dusit Park or the Royal Amporn Gardens near the present Congress building. Buildings inside Dusit Thani were scaled to one-fifteenth life size. Palaces, hotels, hospitals, a clock tower, 12-story buildings, a fire brigade, a bank, flying bridges, trade centers, canal locks, and newspapers, were represented in the city.

Later, Dusit Thani was relocated to Phraya Thai where it was redeveloped.

Subsequent events
The project did not proceed beyond its model scale. The constitution would be used only in the miniature city but not nationwide. The constitution of Dusit Thani was written by King Rama VI and it was administered by the Blue and the Red political groups with representatives selected by elections. In 1925, the king died, which caused a halt to the miniature city project and the city was abandoned. There were some attempts by Thai students, who were educated in Europe and had been interested in democracy and modernization, to carry on the ideal of democracy. Seven years after the king's death a revolution occurred. A new government, a constitutional monarchy, replaced 700 years of absolute monarchy. However, Dusit Thani had a different path. The model city was poorly preserved after the king's death and had never been repaired. Only a few surviving buildings were moved to the gardens of the Monk's Hospital. They were either covered by dust or ended up in trash cans. No remains are left to be seen today except for a tiny bandstand.

References

Rama VI period
Miniature parks
Micronations
Demolished buildings and structures in Bangkok


Nikoly (Nikolay) Nikolaevich Rudnev (Rudniev) (1895–1944) was a Ukrainian–Uzbekistani chess master.

Born in Kharkiv, he played in the Mannheim 1914 chess tournament (Hauptturnier B). After World War I and Bolshevik Revolution, he was sent to Uzbekistan. He tied for 1st with Sergey von Freymann in the Championship of Middle Asia in 1927, took 6th in the 6th USSR Chess Championship at Odessa 1929 (quarter final).

He took 2nd, behind von Freymann, at Tashkent 1932 (the 3rd UZB-ch), tied for 8-9th at Tashkent 1934 (the 4th UZB-ch, Vasily Panov won, off contest), Rudnev won the 7th Uzbekistani Chess Championship in 1938.

References

External links

1895 births
1944 deaths
Russian chess players
Ukrainian chess players
Uzbekistani chess players
Soviet chess players
Uzbekistani people of Ukrainian descent
20th-century chess players


Harvest is a 1967 American documentary film produced by Carroll Ballard. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film portrays the American farm and farmer at harvest time, beginning in Texas with the first cutting of winter wheat, and following the season north to the Canada–United States border.

See also
List of American films of 1967

References

External links

1967 films
1967 documentary films
American documentary films
Documentary films about agriculture in the United States
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
English-language documentary films


Scott D. Pomfret is a securities lawyer based in Boston, Massachusetts.  Pomfret currently serves as Regulatory Counsel at a private investment firm, where he is responsible for legal and regulatory compliance, including  with the rules and regulations of the SEC, CFTC, NFA, Department of Labor, and other domestic and foreign regulators. Previously, Pomfret was the Director of PricewaterhouseCooper's  Financial Services Regulatory Practice, where he conducted compliance reviews of U.S. and U.K. advisers to hedge, real estate, and private equity funds, as well as mutual fund complexes and insurance company asset management affiliates.

From 2003 to 2010, Pomfret was a branch chief in the Division of Enforcement of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Boston office. He has led investigations of market timing, stock options backdating, financial fraud, insider trading, and investment advisor and hedge fund fraud. His trials include a stint as a Special Assistant United States Attorney in the District of Massachusetts in a successful perjury trial against a former general counsel of a public company and a three-week market manipulation trial against three former brokers.  In 2007 and 2008, Pomfret won the Division Director's Award. Pomfret was a member of the SEC's Hedge Fund Working Group and was appointed the first co-chair of an affinity group for GLBT employees and helped inaugurate the SEC's first gay pride celebration in 2008.

Pomfret is the author of numerous articles in legal journals and speaks regularly about regulatory issues for alternative and traditional asset managers.  He is the author of Since My Last Confession: A Gay Catholic Memoir and a frequent commenter on issues involving gay Catholics and gay publishing.  He also co-authored the Q-Guide to Wine and Cocktails and numerous works of fiction and non-fiction.

Prior to SEC, Pomfret was a litigation associate at Ropes & Gray LLP in Boston, where he specialized in government enforcement work in securities and health care fraud.  Among the notable matters on which Pomfret worked was a pro bono case challenging the constitutionality of Massachusetts sodomy statutes.  Pomfret clerked on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit for the Honorable Norman Stahl, and is a graduate of the University of Michigan Law School.

Notes

Living people
American lawyers
American gay writers
University of Michigan Law School alumni
American Roman Catholics
LGBT Roman Catholics
People associated with Ropes & Gray
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Bewitch Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares four-year-olds and older over a distance of  miles on the turf held annually in April at Keeneland Race Course, Lexington, Kentucky during the spring meeting. The event currently offers a purse of $300,000.

History

The race is named for Calumet Farm's great Hall of Fame filly, Bewitch. Bewitch won her first two races as a two-year-old at Keeneland. The first event was on 10 April 1947, a maiden, The Dixiana Purse
a four furlong race in which Bewitch won easily. The following week Bewitch won the Thoroughbred Club Dinner Purse equaling the track record in 46 seconds flat for the four furlong distance that was held by Odessa Beulah since 27 April 1937. Bewitch would win her first eight races and later would be voted U.S. Champion Two-Year-Old Filly for 1947. Keeneland honored this fine champion with the running of the inaugural Bewitch Stakes, a two-year-old filly event on closing day of the spring meeting on 24 April 1962 with Bonnie's Girl winning by  lengths in a time of 48 seconds for the about four furlong distance. Bonnie's Girl would finish second the following year in the Kentucky Oaks which was won by Sally Ship.

In 1965 the distance of the event was set at  furlongs with the extension of the chute which is now known as the Headley Course.  The number of two-year-old fillies that would enter the event was high which would enable Keeneland to split the event into divisions. This occurred in 1965, 1966, 1971, 1972 and 1976. The last time the event was held as a two-year-old stakes race was in 1978.

In 1979 the event was held with conditions for fillies and mares that are four years old or older and the distance was set at  miles.

In 1982 the American Graded Stakes Committee upgraded the race to its current Grade III status.

Between 1979 and 1985 when the event was held on the dirt track three winners of the race had earlier had won the Apple Blossom Handicap at Oaklawn Park – Miss Baja scored a major upset at Oaklawn in 1979, confirmed her victory by winning by the Bewitch Stakes by  lengths, Bold 'n Determined in 1981 and Heatherten in 1984.

Keeneland installed a new turf track in the fall of 1985 and in the following spring meeting (1986) the event was moved as was the Elkhorn Stakes (for all horses) and scheduled as a  miles event.

In 1995 the distance of the event was increased to  miles.

The event was not held 2020 during Keeneland's spring meeting which was moved to July and shortened due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Records
Speed record
 miles turf: 2:27.54 – Bursting Forth (1999)
 miles turf: 1:48.37 – La Gueriere  (1992)
 miles dirt: 1:43.00 – Miss Baja (1979), Jolie Dutch (1980)
 furlongs dirt: 0:51.00 – Royality Note (1968)

Margins
9 lengths –  Shore (1966)

Most wins:
 3 – War Like Goddess (2021, 2022, 2023)

Most wins by a jockey
 6 – Pat Day (1983, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997)

Most wins by an owner
 3 – George Krikorian (2021, 2022, 2023)

Most wins by a trainer
 6 – William I. Mott (1984, 1989, 1993, 2021, 2022, 2023)

Winners

Legend:

Notes:

§ Ran as an entry

† In the 2015 running of the event  Kitten's Point  was first past the post and wagering was paid out as the winner, however the horse returned a positive swab for  methocarbamol (Robaxin) and consequently was disqualified from the prizemoney and was placed 14th (last). Cay Dancer (GB) was declared the official winner of the event.

See also
 List of American and Canadian Graded races

External links
 2020 Keeneland Media Guide

References

Graded stakes races in the United States
Grade 3 stakes races in the United States
Flat horse races for four-year-old fillies
Turf races in the United States
Long-distance horse races for fillies and mares
Recurring sporting events established in 1962
Keeneland horse races
1962 establishments in Kentucky


Eastside City Park is a 6.75 acre (2.73 ha) urban park located in the Eastside district of Birmingham City Centre. Designed by architects Patel taylor with landscape architect Allain Provost, the park was opened to the public on 5 December 2012 at a cost of £11.75 million. Lining the frontage of Millennium Point, the park provides 14,300 square metres of landscaped green space, 310 trees, a  canal water feature and a public square incorporating 21 jet fountains.

History
In 2004, discussions began with the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), outlining the preliminary processes regarding the development of the site.

A May 2007 Big Lottery Fund request was filed for £25million, but was rejected in October of the same year.  Birmingham City Council later pledged £5million to begin the project.

Location
The Eastside City Park runs from the remaining portion of Park Street Gardens, northwards past the Masshouse development where and in an easterly direction along Curzon Street, past Curzon Street railway station and Millennium Point; the park terminates at the front of Birmingham City University's "Parkside" campus building.

Development
The park was designed by Architects Patel Taylor with French Landscape Architect Allain Provost who gained commission for the project in 2006. Development of the park commenced in August 2011 by contractors Wates. The park partially opened to the public on 5 December 2012  and officially opened on 16 March 2013.

References

External links

Patel Taylor Website

Urban public parks in the United Kingdom
Linear parks
Parks and open spaces in Birmingham, West Midlands


Old Sequoia is a 1945 American animated short film directed by Jack King featuring Donald Duck. The cartoon was produced in Technicolor by Walt Disney Productions and released to theaters on December 21, 1945 by RKO Radio Pictures.

Plot
An old sequoia tree labeled "Old Sequoia" sits in a National Park (its plaque labeled "Born: ????") and is surrounded by a fence.  However, two beavers are chewing down one tree after another and getting closer to Old Sequoia.

Up in a nearby ranger lookout post, Donald Duck, as Agent 13, is sleeping precariously in a chair leaning back on a loose side board that overlooks a deep lake a thousand feet below when the telephone rings. After Donald avoids falling, gets smacked by the loose board, and answers the telephone, the chief ranger (possibly Pete) scolds Donald for ignoring the phone after the first ring and warns him that his carelessness has resulted in him losing too many trees in his sector, adding before hanging up "if Old Sequoia goes, YOU GO!". Just as Donald gets mad at being threatened of being fired, the chief ranger rings back and orders Donald to get to work protecting Old Sequoia.

Donald manages to sight the beavers chewing on a tree nearby to Old Sequoia, grabs his double barreled shotgun, and runs down the steps of the lookout post, only to trip and fall down the steps and get hit through his campaign hat by his gun which was dropped on the way, after which he repairs his hat by stepping out of its brim and fitting it back below the crown. The beavers (sounding like Chip 'n' Dale) are just getting to work on chewing down another tree when Donald appears and threatens them at gunpoint to get lost. One beaver tries to get away, but Donald is standing on his tail.  When the beaver orders Donald to get off, Donald flatly refuses, so the beaver uses his tail to throw Donald against the tree, which makes it fall over. As the tree crashes down and Donald lands, his gun goes off, blasting out part of the trunk of another tree, making it fall over and hit Donald on the head, making a lump break through it.

Meanwhile, the beavers come across Old Sequoia and, thinking they've hit the jackpot of all tree chomping, get ready to chew it down, but Donald pokes the gun in their faces. The beavers try to sneak away, but Donald uses both the barrels of the shotgun to bring them back. Just as Donald is beginning to pull the trigger to kill the beavers, the telephone in the lookout post rings.  After a brief moment of panic and deadlocked decisions (if Donald doesn't answer the phone, he will lose his job, but if he does answer it, it will give the beavers a chance to get away), Donald rushes away to answer the phone. It's the chief ranger calling to make sure Donald is guarding Old Sequoia, but scolds him for answering the phone late and orders him to go back to work.

Later, as Donald is patrolling around Old Sequoia when he hears the beavers and chewing noises coming from inside one of the giant roots, leading Donald to conclude that the beavers are trying to chew down Old Sequoia (and avoid him at the same time) by doing it from the inside.  After teasing Donald with knocks on the root, the beavers make it to the main trunk and begin chewing. Every time Donald spies sawdust coming out of a hole and plugs it, the beavers chew somewhere else, until there are holes in the trunk spitting out sawdust. Donald tries scooping the sawdust back into Old Sequoia, but one beaver catches it on his tail and flings it back on to Donald, turning him in to a giant sand duck.

Having just about had it with the beavers, Donald leaves and comes back with a tractor fitted with a vacuum pipe, which sucks in the sawdust through one end and ejects the sawdust into the trunk through another end. This move, however, only ends up over-stuffing the now hollowed out part of the trunk and blows off the outside parts, exposing the beavers (coughing from the explosion) who've chewed the trunk so that now the whole tree is supported on a thin little spindle of wood. Seeing the damage  he and the beavers have done, Donald races over and tries to hold up Old Sequoia, but the beavers get the idea to "help" Donald make Old Sequoia fall over. One beaver slaps his tail on the ground so hard that it shakes the leaves off a bush and shakes Donald and Old Sequoia to the point where there's no stopping it from meeting its fate. One beaver makes his tail into the shape of a megaphone and the other beaver shouts "Timber!" through it, after which, both beavers run away until they're out of sight.

Knowing that Old Sequoia will surely fall over as his strength, Donald quickly races away, props up Old Sequoia with long poles of wood, and covers up the handiwork with the two outside halves of the trunk (quickly noticing that the half with the plaque is upside down and turns it back right side up). Donald tells Old Sequoia that it's safe now, but the poles of wood show signs of giving out, forcing Donald to try again at keeping Old Sequoia stable.  At that moment, the telephone in the lookout post rings (its sound waves pushing against one side of Old Sequoia), forcing Donald to rush back to the lookout post to answer it. It's the chief ranger calling again and asks Donald "How's Old Sequoia comin'?"  Donald looks out, sees the poles of wood and outside parts of the hollowed out trunk finally give way, and Old Sequoia fall in the direction of the lookout post, which makes him reply "Just coming fine!" in an embarrassed tone of voice.

As Old Sequoia falls past the lookout post, it reaches out a branch like a hand and grabs the lookout post, pulling it off its legs.  After that, Old Sequoia crashes down on to a cliff, falls off over the side, and splashes down deep into the lake below.  Underwater, in the ruins of the lookout post, Donald is angrily thinking about getting even with the beavers when the telephone rings. Donald swims over and answers it. It's the chief ranger ringing again, but since Donald has let Old Sequoia get lost to nature, the chief ranger angrily FIRES him.  This makes Donald throw a fit and start ranting and raving, stirring up a lot of bubbles in the process, of which some them of escape through the iris out.

Voice cast
 Clarence Nash  as Donald Duck
 Billy Bletcher as Donald's boss

Home media
The short was released on December 6, 2005 on Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Two: 1942-1946.

Additional releases include:
Walt Disney's Classic Cartoon Favorites Extreme Adventure Fun" Volume 7

Other titles
 Denmark: Skovens beskytter
 Sweden: Kalle Anka som skogvaktare

References

External links
 IMDb page :

Donald Duck short films
1945 films
1945 comedy films
1940s English-language films
1940s Disney animated short films
1945 animated films
Films directed by Jack King
Films produced by Walt Disney
Films scored by Oliver Wallace
American comedy short films
American animated short films
RKO Pictures short films
RKO Pictures animated short films
Films about ducks
Films about rodents
Films about trees


The Kahayan river, or Great Dayak River, is the second largest river after Barito River in Central Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia in Kalimantan – the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. With a total length of  and with a drainage basin of  in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.  Mean annual discharge . The provincial capital Palangkaraya lies on the river. The main inhabitants are Dayaks, who practice slash-and-burn rice cultivation and pan for gold on the upper reaches. The lower Kayahan flows through a rich and unusual environment of peat swamp forests, which has been severely degraded by an unsuccessful program to convert a large part of the area into rice paddies, compounded by legal and illegal forestry.

Geography

Central Kalimantan covers 153,800 km2, with 82% tropical rain forest and no more than 3% agricultural land. The northern part of the province is mountainous, the central area has flat and fertile tropical forests and the southern area is swampy. The forests provide rattan, resin and high-quality woods. The climate is hot and humid, typically around 30° most of the year. Annual rainfall is between 2800 and 3400 mm.

The Kahayan River originates in the northern mountains, then meanders for 658 km southward through the plains to the Java Sea. Tidal effects are felt 50 km – 80 km inland from the sea. A study found 28 species of fish throughout the river, 44 species in the Danau Sabuah lake and 12 species in the traditional fish ponds. The riparian wetlands were the main spawning areas. Fishermen are reporting declining yields due to problems with water quality.

People

The Dayak tribes are the dominant people in the Kahayan river region. An Austronesian people, they have preserved some of their original culture and Kaharingan religion.  They speak languages of the Barito family, related to the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar. The Kaharingan religion combines ancestor worship, animism and dynamism. It is now considered a form of Hinduism.

The main Dayak tribes are the Ngaju, Ot Danum and Ma'anyan. The Ot Danum remain in the upstream regions of the Kahayan, Barito, Kapuas and Rungan rivers and preserve a traditional way of life. Many still live in longhouses and subsist through hunting, fishing and basic agriculture. Village elders practice traditional medicine and mark their status with intricate body tattoos and heavy ear adornments. The Ngaju have moved downstream, and to some extent assimilated with the mixed population of the towns further down the river, which includes Javanese, Maduranese, Batak, Toraja, Ambonese, Bugis, Palembang, Minang, Banjarese, Makassar, Papuan, Balinese, Acehnese and Chinese.

Peat Swamp Forest and the Mega Rice Project

The lower reaches of the Kahayan river used to flow through a huge area of peat swamp forest, an unusual ecosystem that is home to many unique or rare species such as orangutans, as well as to slow-growing but valuable trees. The peat swamp forest is a dual ecosystem, with diverse tropical trees standing on a 10m – 12m deep layer of partly decayed and waterlogged plant material, which in turn covers relatively infertile soil. The peat swamp forests were being slowly cleared for small scale farming and plantations before 1997, but most of the original cover remained.

In 1996 the government initiated the Mega Rice Project (MRP), which aimed to convert one million hectares of peat swamp forest to rice paddies. Between 1996 and 1998, more than 4,000 km of drainage and irrigation channels were dug, and deforestation started in part through legal and illegal forestry and in part through burning. It turned out that the channels drained the peat forests rather than irrigating them.  Where the forests had often flooded up to 2m deep in the rainy season, now their surface is dry at all times of the year. The government has therefore abandoned the MRP, but the drying peat is vulnerable to fires which continue to break out on a massive scale.

Peat forest destruction is causing sulphuric acid pollution of the rivers. In the rainy seasons, the canals are discharging acidic water with a high ratio of pyritic sulphate into the Kahayan river up to 150 km upstream from the river mouth. This may be a factor contributing to lower fish catches.

Mining

People have panned for gold in the Kahayan river for centuries. Following test drilling, a consortium of Canadian and Indonesian companies announced in 1997 that in-situ gold resources were at least 3.4 million ounces. In 2002 a Canadian company with a background in community development programs proposed to develop artisanal mining in the headwaters of the Barito and Kahayan Rivers in Kalimantan, providing income for some 13,000 Dayak people at project maturity. A large number of informal prospectors are undertaking alluvial operations within the river system, and mining hard rock gold veins. Even those doing hard rock mining transport the ore to the rivers for processing. More than 2,000 illegal miners may converge on a site when there is a reported gold find. In Indonesia as a whole, nearly 180 tonnes of mercury are released to the environment annually.

Kelompok Hutan Kahayan or Sabangau Forest

Hutan Kahaylan () is a peat swamp forest of about 150,000 hectares between the Kastingen and Kahayan rivers that so far has suffered least from the Mega Rice Project, although it has been badly damaged.  Because it is close to the regional capital Palangkaraya it is still at risk. Vulnerable bird species include the large green pigeon (Treron capellei) and possibly Storm's stork (Ciconia stormi) and lesser adjutant (Leptoptilus javanicus). The Sabangau Forest is centered on the blackwater Sabangau River. There is no longer any continuous forest cover where orangutans may cross this river. The forest has been badly damaged by legal and illegal forestry, but the western part is now protected as either National Park or National Laboratory Research Area. With a relatively small human population, there is some hope that this area of the forest may recover.  The more badly damaged eastern part, between the Sabangau and the Kayahan, is still officially designated for agriculture, although no further efforts are being made to make it suitable for this purpose.

See also

 List of drainage basins of Indonesia

References

Rivers of Central Kalimantan
Kahayan basin


Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 115 (VAW-115), also known as the "Liberty Bells", is a United States Navy airborne early warning and control squadron that flies the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye.

Squadron history
The squadron was originally established on 20 April 1967, flying the E-2A Hawkeye. It was assigned to  Attack Carrier Wing Two and deployed on board .

1970s

VAW-115 transitioned to the E-2B and joined CVW-5 in 1971 and made two combat deployments to the Gulf of Tonkin between May 1971 and April 1973 on board . In September 1973, CVW-5 moved to Yokosuka, Japan as a component of the Forward Deployed Naval Forces, and the only air wing home ported outside the continental United States.

VAW-115 E-2B Hawkeyes performed a command and control role in Operation Frequent Wind, supporting the evacuation of Saigon in April 1975. VAW-115 made eleven deployments to the Indian Ocean and North Arabian Sea, a period which saw such tumultuous events as the Iranian seizure of the American Embassy in Tehran.

1980s
In 1983, VAW-115 participated in rescue and salvage operations following the Korean Air Lines Flight 007 shootdown. Two years later, the squadron received the E-2C and supported Freedom of Navigation operations, both for  in the Sea of Japan and for Operation Earnest Will, protecting Kuwaiti re-flagged tankers through the Straits of Hormuz. During the 1989-90 deployments with the Midway Battle Group, the squadron and their E-2C Hawkeyes participated in Operation Classic Resolve, supporting the democratic government of the Philippines against a coup attempt.

1990s
In response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait, VAW-115 deployed to the Persian Gulf in October 1990 as part of Operation Desert Shield. In January 1991, Desert Shield transitioned to Desert Storm and saw VAW-115 flying 179 combat sorties. In August 1991, USS Midway was decommissioned and CVW-5 embarked on . During the ensuing years, the squadron deployed to the Persian Gulf four times in support of Operation Southern Watch, enforcing a No-Fly Zone over the skies of southern Iraq. In January 1998, VAW-115 and the Independence Battle Group were called upon to participate in various Persian Gulf contingency operations in support of United Nations sanctions. After transitioning to the E-2C Group II Navigation Upgrade aircraft, VAW-115 cross-decked with CVW-5 to  in mid 1998.

2000s
In February 2003, the squadron was once again called to the Persian Gulf to support Operation Southern Watch and flew 46 combat sorties until the commencement of Operation Iraqi Freedom in March 2003. During that operation, the squadron flew 363.8 hours in support of Army and Marine Corps units on the ground.

In the years that followed, VAW-115 participated in exercises such as Valiant Shield, Malabar, and Talisman Saber as well as Exercises Annualex and Keen Sword with the Japanese Air and Maritime Self Defense Forces. VAW-115 took part in joint and multi-national RIMPAC 2008, providing Airborne Battle Space Command and Control to 49 naval vessels, 150 aircraft, and 29 other foreign and U.S. units from 10 participating countries.

2010s

In February 2010 the squadron began reequipping with the E-2C Hawkeye 2000. The improved E-2C Hawkeye 2000 carries advanced capabilities over its predecessor in the areas of detection, processing, identification, communication and navigation.

VAW-115 has achieved 24 years and 50,000 hours of Class-A mishap-free flight hours receiving eight Battle Efficiency "E" awards, seven AEW Excellence awards, and six Safety "S" awards.

On 2 February 2017, VAW-125 arrived at Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan to replace VAW-115 in Carrier Air Wing Five aboard the aircraft carrier . In the summer of 2017 the squadron moved to Naval Air Station Point Mugu.

All VAW Squadrons are now Airborne Command and Control Squadrons.

2020s

In 2022, VAW-115 transitioned to the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye.

See also

 History of the United States Navy
 List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons

References

External links
 VAW-115 official website

Early warning squadrons of the United States Navy


The LT&SR 69 class was a class of 0-6-2T steam locomotives designed for freight work on the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway.  Six were initially built in 1903 to the design of Thomas Whitelegg, four more followed in 1908,  and a further four in 1912, after the LT&SR's takeover by the Midland Railway (MR) in that year, giving a total of 14. The Midland renumbered them 2180–2193, and all entered LMS stock upon the grouping of 1923.  The LMS renumbered them 2220–2233 in 1923, but then took them back to 2180–2193 in 1939.  In 1947 they were again renumbered 1980–1993 by the LMS, and in 1948 all were acquired by British Railways.   BR added 40000 to their numbers so they became 41980–41993.  Withdrawals started in 1958, and by 1959 all but 41981 had gone.  The last engine was withdrawn in 1962, and none of the small fleet were preserved.

List of locomotives

References

 Bob Essery The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway and its Locomotives, OPC (2001)
 Bob Essery and David Jenkinson An Illustrated History of LMS locomotives. Volume 4. Absorbed Pre-Group Classes Midland Division

External links
  A photo of 73 Cranham is about a fifth of the way down this page

69
0-6-2T locomotives
NBL locomotives
Beyer, Peacock locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1903
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain


Colobocentrotus atratus, commonly named the helmet urchin or shingle urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinometridae. In Hawaii, it is called hāʻukeʻuke. It is found on wave-swept intertidal shores in the Indo-West Pacific, particularly on the shores of Hawaii.

Description
This urchin is a deep maroon colour and shaped like a domed limpet. It can grow to the size of a softball, but is usually much smaller. The upper surface is a mosaic of tiny polygonal plates formed from modified spines to form a smooth mosaic. This is fringed by a ring of large, flattened modified spines. On the underside there is another ring of smaller flattened spines and a large number of tube feet.

Biology
This urchin is usually found on substrates fully exposed to waves and their associated abrasive effect, often in groups. It feeds on periwinkles, other urchins and coralline algae.

In a test comparing shingle urchins to other species of urchin, it was found that their ability to withstand being washed away by moving water excelled. A combination of their shape, their flattened spines and particularly the strong adhesion of their tube feet made them three times as resistant as other species such as Echinometra. This enables them to live on inhospitable wave-battered shorelines.

References

External links

Photographs of a variety of shingle urchines on MarinelifePhotography.com

Echinometridae
Animals described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


What's Bootsy Doin'? is a 1988 album by Parliament-Funkadelic bassist Bootsy Collins. The album was released by Columbia Records and was his first album after a six-year hiatus from the music scene. The album reunites Collins with former P-Funk players Bernie Worrell, Fred Wesley and Gary "Mudd Bone" Cooper, and also features newcomers including Mico Wave and Godmoma.

What's Bootsy Doin'? was also released in Japan in the form of a limited edition metal box, dubbed "Syber-Funk Model"(CBS/Sony 34DP 5535~7). Also included was a booklet entitled "Cult Beat Shock" which gives an overview of other dance-oriented performers on the Columbia record label.

Track listing

"Party On Plastic (What's Bootsy Doin'?)" (Bootsy Collins, Vicki Vee)   3:57 (released as a 7" single-Columbia 38-07991 and 12" single-Columbia 44 07878)
"Subliminal Seduction (Funk-Me Dirty)" (Wes Boatman, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins)  3:31
"Leakin'" (Trey Stone, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins)  4:16
"Shock-It-To-Me" (Bootsy Collins, Bill Laswell)  4:57
"1st One 2 The Egg Wins (The Human Race)" (Wes Boatman, Bootsy Collins)}  4:21 (released as a single-Columbia–38-08496 and 12" single-Columbia–44 08173)
"Love Song" (Trey Stone, Joe Harris, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins)  3:33
"(I Wannabee) Kissin' U" (Mico Wave, Gary Cooper, Bootsy Collins)  4:18
"*-ing The Love Gun" (Gary Cooper, Wes Boatman, Bootsy Collins)  3:45
"Yo-Moma-Loves-Ya" (Mama Collins, Bootsy Collins)  5:22
"Save What's Mine For Me" (Bootsy Collins)  4:17

Personnel

Axe Molesters & Guitar Slayers: Ron "Attitude" Jennings, Catfish Collins, Stevie "No Wonder" Salas, Bootsy Collins
Computer Smashers & Keyboard Slashers: Trey "Goldfish" Stone,
Wes Boatman, Mico Wave, Bootsy Collins
Unfairlight Sample Wars: Bootsy Collins
Skin Thrashers & Bun Smashers, Drum Beaters & Rhythm Cheaters:
Bootzilla & Bootsy Collins
Still 'Horny Horns': Fred Wesley, Maceo Parker, Kush Griffith, Rick Gardner
Horn Arrangements: Fred Wesley & Bootsy Collins
String Arrangements: Fred Wesley, Wes Boatman
String Solo on "Shock-It-To-Me": Billy Bang
All Drum Programming & Bootsy Wave-U-Lator: Mico Wave
Computer Talk: Boot-Tron
Space Basses & Low End Chasers: Bootsy Collins, Casper & Bootzilla

(Is Data Bass? & Chocolate Star banged on by: The Player)

Lead Vocalization & Heavy Metal Aluminum Conversation: Casper, Luv-Gun,
Bootzilla, Sugar Crook, Baby Leroy and occasionally Bootsy Collins
Front Ground Vocal Improvisation: Gary "Mudbone" Cooper, Sly Fox
Additional Vocals & Musicians: P-Nut Johnson, Vicky Vee, Tony Feldman,
George Clinton, Taka Boom, Mallia Franklin,
Carolyn Stanford, Anita Walker, Cynthia Girty (Godmoma),
Bernard Fowler, Eddie Martinez, Nicky Skopelitis, Bernie Worrell
Extra Rappers, Clappers, & Finger Snappers: "Billy J" William Johnson,
"Oounchworm" Sharir Foreman, "Pretty Fatt", Yolanda Frazier, Mico Wave,
Yo-Mama Collins, Uncle Tom & Uncle Al

References

1988 albums
Bootsy Collins albums
Columbia Records albums


For The Love of Mrs. Brown is the fourth play in the Mrs. Brown Series by Brendan O'Carroll, preceded by Mrs. Brown Rides Again. The plot centres on the character Agnes Brown finding a date over the internet for Valentine's Day. The play is 125 minutes long.

Plot
A few days before Valentine's Day, Agnes is feeling down in the dumps. Even Grandad has a date. She is advised by Cathy to find a date over the internet. Meanwhile, Rory has found a small capsule of LSD tablets at the salon, and needs to find the owner so he can fire them. However, Mrs. Brown walks in on him talking to Dermot about it, and he is forced to tell her they are for indigestion. She stores them on the window sill and they are forgotten until the next act.

Agnes feels stomach pain while talking to Betty, and remembers the tablets, with hilarious results. She jumps out of the back door dressed as a superhero. After her come down, she decides to try out internet dating, putting into Google the phrase: "Woman needs man", but the results are pornography. She then tries "Lady seeks love", but finds gigolo adverts, which she does not recognize until Cathy points out their name, Dial-A-Dick.

Tour
For The Love Of Mrs. Brown has been toured several times in the North of England and Ireland. It was first toured in 2007. In Autumn 2012, Brendan O'Caroll announced the show would be touring UK Arenas in 2013 from March to December. Every show of the 2013 tour sold out and the cast played 6 performances at each venue across 5 nights. The tour was split up into three legs across 2013 and a Saturday matinee show was played at all venues. Also tickets are free.

Leg One
Tuesday 26 March 2013 - Saturday 30 March 2013 - Birmingham LG Arena (6 performances)
Tuesday 2 April 2013 - Saturday 6 April 2013 - Glasgow SECC (6 performances)
Tuesday 9 April 2013 - Saturday 13 April 2013 - Manchester Arena (6 performances)
Leg Two
Tuesday 11 June 2013 - Saturday 15 June 2013 - Newcastle Metro Radio Arena (6 performances)
Tuesday 18 June 2013 - Saturday 22 June 2013 - Cardiff Motorpoint Arena (6 performances)
Tuesday 25 June 2013 - Saturday 29 June 2013 - London The O2 Arena (6 performances)
Tuesday 2 July 2013 - Saturday 6 July 2013 - Nottingham Capital FM Arena (6 performances)
Tuesday 9 July 2013 - Saturday 13 July 2013 - Belfast Odyssey Arena (6 performances)
Leg Three
Tuesday 26 November 2013 - Saturday 30 November 2013 - Liverpool Echo Arena (6 performances)
Tuesday 3 December 2013 - Saturday 7 December 2013 - Sheffield Motorpoint Arena (6 performances)
Tuesday 10 December 2013 - Saturday 14 December 2013 - Dublin The O2 Arena (6 performances)

Criticism
O'Carroll has received criticism over his live shows as they have been adapted into the 21 episodes of the BBC TV series Mrs Brown's Boys, thus making a lot of his stage material seem a repeat of what the television series has shown, however, he wrote the plays before the TV series. Despite this, the 2013 tour received 4.5/5 based on 1,000 reviews on Ticketmaster.

The Plays
For The Love Of Mrs Brown is the fourth play in the live series. The preceding plays are: Mrs Brown's Last Wedding, Good Mourning Mrs Brown, Mrs Brown Rides Again and the fifth play is How Now Mrs Brown Cow.

Live Tours DVD Releases
Good Mourning Mrs. Brown was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 12 November 2012.
Mrs. Brown Rides Again was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 11 November 2013.
For The Love Of Mrs. Brown was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 17 November 2014.

References

External links
Metro UK review
Scotsman article
Birmingham Mail article
Daily Record article

2007 plays
Comedy plays
Irish plays


Semeteš (, Serbian Cyrillic: Семетеш) is a town in Serbia. It is part of the municipality and district of Raška in south-western Serbia.

Semeteško Lake is located in the village, which is the largest Urni lake on the western side of Kopaonik. It is circular in shape, 60 meters in diameter. It always has the same level, and water is supplied from underwater sources, and to a lesser extent from two sources above the lake.

Population
The population of Mijatovak was 152 in 2002. Below is a list of historical population, based on the Serb census.
 1948: 332
 1953: 352
 1961: 378
 1971: 352
 1981: 304
 1991: 231
 2002: 152

Ethnic composition
All 152 inhabitants of Semeteš are Serbian in ethnicity.
.

References

Populated places in Raška District


Portland Orange is the color of light emitted by the  phase of pedestrian crossing signals in the United States and Canada. The color was chosen to avoid confusion with regular traffic lights in conditions of poor visibility.

Its chromaticity is specified by the Institute of Transportation Engineers in that body's technical standards, along with lunar white for the  lights. Its application is stipulated in the U.S. federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Various jurisdictional standards also require Portland Orange for  signs.

The color can be created with some LEDs, and the ITE specifies the precision of its wavelength to 3 nanometers. In practice, the most brilliant color of gaseous tubing is similar to Portland Orange.

International application
Portland Orange is generally not used outside the United States and Canada.  In most of the world, red, or another specified color, is used for the  symbol instead of Portland Orange.

References

Pedestrian crossing components
Standards of the United States
Standards of Canada


I Gusti Nyoman Lempad (1862?–1978) was a Balinese stone sculptor, architect (undagi in Balinese) and painter who built palaces and temples in Ubud and its neighboring villages. Lempad's exact birth date, as is the case for many Balinese of his time, is unknown. But he was married when Krakatoa erupted in 1883.

Lempad grew up under the creative guidance of his artist father.  From early in his life, he was acknowledged as an outstanding stone carver and architect.  His Saraswati water temple, standing not far from the Puri Lukisan Museum in Ubud, demonstrates his architectural and design skills.  In his later years, he produced hundreds of linear drawings of Balinese mythology and folklore. Lempad of Bali, a short documentary film produced by John Darling and Lorne Blair, tells the story of Lempad at the end of his life and his cremation ceremony.

He died on April 25, 1978, at his home in Ubud. He gathered his family and asked them to bathe him and then died. The Balinese believed that he chose the time of his death at the day that considered most holy.

Although he maintained a close friendship with foreign artists, including Rudolf Bonnet and Walter Spies, Lempad never compromised his distinctive identity as a Balinese artist, and one with a broad range of talents in many media: painting, sculpture and architecture.

See also
 Amrizal Salayan

Notes

References

Documentary film

19th-century Dutch East Indies people
20th-century Dutch East Indies people
20th-century Indonesian painters
Artists from Bali
Indonesian architects
Indonesian sculptors
Longevity claims
Indonesian Hindus
People from Gianyar Regency
1860s births
1978 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Balinese people


The Texas Renaissance Festival (dubbed the Ren Fest) is an annual Renaissance fair located in Todd Mission, Texas, about 55 miles northwest of Houston.

The Texas Renaissance Festival (TRF) started in 1974 on the location of an old strip mining site. The festival claims to be "the nation’s largest Renaissance theme park." As of 2017, the festival sits on 55 acres of land, and offers over 200 acres of camping facilities to patrons. The festival regularly draws over half a million guests annually, making it the largest Renaissance festival in the country by attendance.

History

The TRF was founded in 1974 by brothers, George and David Coulam, on an abandoned strip mining site in what is now Todd Mission, Texas. At the time, it spanned fifteen acres, with three stages featuring small improv theatre groups, and merchants selling their goods on blankets. The opening year saw a turn-out of 33,000.

Features
As of 2017, the TRF features approximately 500 costumed actors who perform on 25 stages. Its 350 on-site shops include: international food purveyors; unique artisans; merchants and craft vendors; human-powered rides; an abundance of performers walking among the guests; and the Queen's Royal Finale (fireworks if weather permits) at dusk. The fair hosts over half a million visitors annually, which peaked at 679,000 in 2016.

Themed weekends

Each of the nine weekends of the festival take on a different theme, influencing the performances, costumes, food, drink, art, shops, contests, and games throughout the festival grounds.
Oktoberfest - German theme, including polka music and dancing, and the serving of traditional German beer.
1001 Dreams - Fantasy theme, encouraging lavish costumes of wizards, fairies, and elves and including several fantastical contests, such as scavenger hunts and costume contests.
All Hallows Eve - Medieval Halloween theme, including spooky decorations and contests, such as jack-o-lantern carving contests, to celebrate the holiday.
Pirate Adventure - Pirate theme, encouraging pirate costumes and including several sea-related games and contests.
Roman Bacchanal - Roman theme, encouraging Roman costumes and hosting several Roman-themed contests and games such as toga contests and spaghetti eating contests.
Barbarian Invasion - Medieval Barbarian theme, encouraging costumes of medieval barbarians and including "barbaric" contests such as the "Barbarian Battle Cry" contest and eating contests.
Heroes and Villains - Iconic figures of the past come to life.
Highland Fling - Scottish theme, encouraging traditional Scottish costumes and including bagpipe-playing and traditional Scottish food and drink.
Celtic Christmas - Christmas theme, including Christmas decorations and music, and featuring Christmas-themed contests such as "Candy Cane Hunt" and "Guess the Present" contests.

Performances
The festival grounds feature 25 stages, which host a wide variety of performances. The festival features several medieval-themed music and dance groups, including everything from belly dancing, to harps and fiddles, to bagpipes and accordions, to the carillon.  Throughout the festival park several demonstrating artists can be found presenting the methods of various medieval trades, such as glassblowing, forging armor, candle-making, coin minting, and others to visitors.

On the larger stages, other, grander events take place, the largest of which is the Joust. The Joust is performed by the Hanlon-Lees Action Theatre, and is an accurate reenactment of a medieval joust, featuring authentic weapons, costumed horses, and armored knights.  Other performances at the festival include acts designed for mature audiences only; as well as for youngsters. Staple performances include The Birds of Prey show, a highly praised free-flying bird show including hawks, owls, vultures, and eagles, the Fire Whip Show, the Clan Tynker Family Circus, the Pride of Bedlam, and the School of Sword.

At the end of the festival, a royal finale takes place in the arena, featuring performances from several of the entertainers and musicians, and closing with a fireworks presentation.

See also
List of Renaissance fairs

References

External links

 Texas Renaissance Festival Beefeaters
 Map of festival grounds

Festivals in Texas
Tourist attractions in Grimes County, Texas
Renaissance fairs


Orbit is the name given to Major League Baseball's Houston Astros mascot, a lime-green alien wearing an Astros jersey with antennae extending into baseballs. Orbit was the team's official mascot from the 1990 through the 1999 seasons until the 2000 season, where Junction Jack was introduced as the team's mascot with the move from the Astrodome to then Enron Field. Orbit returned on November 2, 2012, at the unveiling of the Astros new look for their 2013 debut in the American League. The name Orbit pays homage to Houston's association with NASA and nickname Space City.

History
In April 1977, the Astros introduced their first mascot, Chester Charge.  At that time there was only one other mascot in major league baseball, which was the San Diego Chicken.  Chester Charge was a 45-pound costume of a cartoon Texas cavalry soldier on a horse.  Chester appeared on the field at the beginning of each home game, during the seventh inning stretch and then ran around the bases at the conclusion of each win. At the blast of a bugle, the scoreboard would light up and the audience would yell, “Charge!”  The first Chester Charge was played by Steve Ross who was then an 18-year-old Senior High School student.

Following a visit to then the AAA-Astros affiliate, the Tucson Toros in 1989, former team marketing Vice President Ted Haracz sought to bring the Toros' mascot, Tuffy to Houston to serve as the team's mascot. Although Tuffy was not promoted from Tucson, Hal Katzman, who performed as Tuffy was invited by the team to serve as Orbit for the 1990 season. The development of a team mascot for the 1990 season was viewed by the team as an important piece in its community outreach programs, specifically with children. John Sorrentino was the newly appointed Director of Community Relations.  Sorrentino became instrumental in the design phase of the mascot costume as well as the design of the community outreach program.  Sorrentino was able to form a partnership with the FBI and its director, William Sessions to create a "Stay in School, Stay Drug Free" to elementary schools in the Houston area. Both the naming and design of the mascot were established from suggestion from Houston-area schoolchildren. The design for Orbit was derived from more than 10,000 children's drawings submitted to the Astros, with the final design being a composite of the various drawings submitted. The first public appearance of Orbit occurred in January 1990 at Heflin Elementary School.

One of the more notable incidents involving Orbit occurred when umpire Gary Darling ejected the mascot from the game for arguing balls and strikes. In addition to his role as the Astros' mascot, Orbit made a one-time appearance as "Marty the Mariner Martian" during a "Turn Ahead the Clock" promotion at a 1998 Seattle Mariners game.
Orbit was replaced with Junction Jack beginning in the 2000 season, with the team's move from the Astrodome to then Enron Field.

On April 13, 2010, a Facebook group called "Bring Back Orbit" was created with the hopes of having the Houston Astros organization to reinstate the mascot. On November 2, 2012, the Astros revealed that after a 12-year absence, Orbit returned as the mascot for the 2013 season in the American League.

Orbit was an active character during the celebrations in Houston on November 3, 2017, after the Astros had won the World Series. He can be seen in various events within Houston and visits schools as part of a team-promoted program against bullying, as well as to promote the importance of baseball. He can be seen wearing the team's main or alternate home uniforms with the team cap or the classic 1970s home uniforms. In 2019, he once again wore the uniforms worn by him and the team in the 1990s.

Beginning in 2015, the Astros Twitter account has a system to determine team wins using GIFs, both of which involve Orbit. If for one to two wins a GIF of Orbit holding a variant of the Flag of Texas will be shown, for three wins or more a short GIF of his 2015 birthday streaking moment on Minute Maid Park is used in its place. In April 2019 the singular win GIF was replaced with one of Orbit waving the flag in the center of the field.

References

Major League Baseball team mascots
Houston Astros
Culture of Houston
Fictional extraterrestrial characters
Mascots introduced in 1990


Loredana Boboc (born 12 May 1984 in Bucharest, Romania) is a retired  Romanian artistic gymnast. She represented Romania at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won a gold medal with her team. She was a member of the gold medal winning teams at the 1999 and 2001 World Championships.

Later in life she appeared in an episode of the TV series lubire ca in filme.

References

1984 births
Living people
Gymnasts from Bucharest
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic gold medalists for Romania
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
20th-century Romanian women
21st-century Romanian women


João Dickson Carvalho (born 1952) is a Brazilian former football player.

Career
Carvalho was one of several foreign players in the Japan Soccer League, and during the 1977 season, he became the first foreign player to win the top scorer in the Japan Soccer League First Division. Carvalho scored a total of 77 goals in the league becoming the fourth all-time top scorer in the Japan Soccer League First Division history.

Personal honors
Japanese Footballer of the Year - 1 (1977)
Japan Soccer League First Division Top Scorer - 2 (1977 (on his own), 1978 (shared with Kunishige Kamamoto))
Japan Soccer League First Division Best Eleven - 5 (1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981)

References

1952 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Guarani FC players
Fluminense FC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Japan Soccer League players
Shonan Bellmare players
Yokohama Flügels players
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from São Paulo


J.D. Farrell was a sternwheel steamer that operated on the Kootenay River in western Montana and southeastern British Columbia from 1898 to 1902.

Design and construction
J.D. Farrell was designed and built by Captain M.L. McCormack, who had commanded steamboats on the Mississippi, St. Croix and Red rivers. He formed the Kootenay River Navigation Company to build and operate the vessel, which he named after J.D. Farrell, a wealthy mining backer from Spokane, Washington. Farrell was equipped with electric lights and bathrooms, then considered innovations in river transport in the region.  In contrast to some of the other vessels built in the region, Farrell was competently designed and constructed by skilled shipbuilders brought out from Stillwater, Minnesota.

Operations
J.D. Farrell was launched in November 1897 at Jennings, Montana.  At that time the only competitor on this route was the Upper Columbia Navigation & Tramway Company, under Capt.  Frank P. Armstrong.  Construction of Farrell prompted Armstrong to hire veteran shipwright Louis Pacquet from Portland, Oregon to build a comparable vessel, the sternwheeler North Star.

Captain M.L. McCormack commanded Farrell on the vessel's first trip up the Kootenay River to Fort Steele, BC. Farrell worked on the route from Jennings to Fort Steele during 1898. During 1898, Captain Armstrong and Captain McCormack combined their efforts on the upper Kootenay, with the Armstrong boats North Star  and Gwendoline receiving 60% of the freight receipts, with the balance to McCormack's single boat Farrell. James D. Miller (1830–1914), one of the Northwest's most experienced steamboat captains, commanded Farrell during this time.

On June 4, 1898, with Captain McCormack in command on the seventh trip, Farrell was wrecked in Jennings Canyon when hurricane-force winds blew the vessel off course into a rock. Farrell sank with only her bow and capstan showing above the water.  While Farrell was later raised and repaired, and repaired, business declined sharply on the route as traffic shifted over to newly completed railways, causing Farrell to be laid up at Jennings from 1899 to 1901. In 1901 A. Guthrie & Co. bought Farrell for $6,000 to use in construction of the Great Northern Railway to Fernie, BC. In the fall of 1901, the railway construction was complete, and Farrell was laid up again.

Fate
In 1903 Farrell was dismantled. The machinery, fittings and much of the upper works were taken by train to Newport, Washington to become part of the sternwheeler Spokane.

Notes

Further reading
 Faber, Jim, Steamer's Wake—Voyaging down the old marine highways of Puget Sound, British Columbia, and the Columbia River, Enetai Press, Seattle, WA 1985
 Timmen, Fritz, Blow for the Landing, 75–78, 134, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1972

External links
 Columbia Basin Institute of Regional History
 Fort Steele Heritage Town

Steamboats of the Kootenay River
Paddle steamers of British Columbia
Regional District of East Kootenay
1897 ships
Transportation in Lincoln County, Montana


José María Ortigoza Ortiz (; born 1 April 1987) is a Paraguayan football striker who plays for Cerro Porteño.

Career

Club
Ortigoza started his career with the Paraguayan club Sol de América, where he played alongside Pablo Zeballos. He quickly made a good impression and established himself as one of the team's best players, finishing second in goal-scoring in the Apertura 2008 tournament along with Julio Aguilar. In 2009, Ortigoza was transferred to Palmeiras.

In January 2010, Ortigoza was loaned out to the K-League side Ulsan Hyundai FC from Sol de América.

In January 2011, he signed for Brazilian club Cruzeiro EC on loan.

Ortigoza transferred to Chinese Super League side Shandong Luneng in July 2012. However, after scoring 2 goals in 10 appearances, he was released by Shandong in February 2013.

Ortigoza signed a contract with J1 League club Ventforet Kofu on 22 March 2013. However, after scoring only 1 goal in 8 appearances, he was released by Kofu in June 2013.

International
On 11 November 2010, he earned his first international goals in a match against Hong Kong, scoring two goals.

International goals

Honours

Club

 Sol de América

División Intermedia: 1
Winner: 2006

References

External links

Paraguayan men's footballers
Club Sol de América footballers
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Paraguayan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Ulsan Hyundai FC players
Shandong Taishan F.C. players
Ventforet Kofu players
Cerro Porteño players
Atlas F.C. footballers
Paraná Clube players
Club Guaraní players
Clube Náutico Capibaribe players
Paraguayan Primera División players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
K League 1 players
J1 League players
Chinese Super League players
Liga MX players
1987 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in China
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Paraguay men's international footballers
Footballers from Asunción


China Education Resources Inc. (), based in Beijing, China and Vancouver, Canada, along with its subsidiaries, is a company that provides an education Internet portal with educational content, resources and training programs to teachers, education professionals and students in the People's Republic of China. In general, the company's focus is on textbook sales, technology development and Internet portal subscriptions. China Education Resources is the only public company officially approved by China education officials to provide these comprehensive learning and training services.

Services
China Education Resources offers kindergarten through grade 12 education resources and services through its Internet platform portal -- cersp.com. The Internet portal offers over 20,000 different courses and tutorials ranging from math, science, language arts to physical education, politics, economics, engineering and many other subjects. Currently, China Education Resources has agreements with school systems in eleven provinces in China.  Formerly known as China Ventures, Inc., the company was founded in 1997 and is listed on the Toronto Venture Stock Exchange - TSXV:CHN, Pink Sheets:CHNUF. Longtime education and technology executive Chengfeng Zhou is CEO of China Education Resources.

In October 2010, China Education Resources announced that it had finalized agreements to provide new online education and training to teachers and education professionals in the city of Chongqing, China's largest city, and in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Sichuan and Yunnan. Then in November 2010, the company expanded even more throughout China to provide online training and education courses for teachers in China's largest province of Henan as well as in the provinces of Guangxi, Shaanxi and Xinjiang.

Presently, China Education Resources operates the world's largest blogger forum for teachers and education professionals with over 1.5 million members in China, Asia and locations throughout the globe.

Collaboration

During the first quarter of 2010, China Education Resources initiated a joint promotional campaign in China with the Coca-Cola Company promoting Qoo, a non-carbonated beverage targeting the youth market.  Coca-Cola Company successfully distributed over 100,000 promotional packages in the Beijing area each consisting of a large bottle of Qoo and a CD from China Education Resources which contained ten English courses and a link to China Education Resources education portal which gave the user access to online tutorial courses and a memory game to help students learn English.

Overall, China Education Resources is helping to transform the curriculum of the world's largest educational system. Recognizing the need for increased accessibility to address education reform policy changes, China Education Resource has created educational tools and curricula for China's entire kindergarten through twelfth grade system. By implementing goals of converting the existing educational system from memory-based learning to creative thinking and utilizing a more interactive approach to embrace a world-based economy, the company is playing an important role in positioning China's educational system reform.

External links
China Education Resources Corporate Web site
China Education Resources Inc.
China Education Resources pays C$1 mln for majority stake in education products distributor

Education companies of China
Companies listed on the TSX Venture Exchange


is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for Japan national team. He also managed Japan national team.

Club career
Ninomiya was born in Tokyo on February 13, 1937. After graduating from Keio University, he joined Mitsubishi Motors in 1959. In 1965, Mitsubishi Motors joined new league Japan Soccer League. He retired in 1968. He played 45 games and scored 8 goals in the league.

National team career
On December 25, 1958, when Ninomiya was a Keio University student, he debuted for Japan national team against Hong Kong. In 1959, he played 9 games and scored 9 goals as a regular player. He played 12 games and scored 9 goals for Japan until 1961.

Coaching career
In 1967, Ninomiya played for Mitsubishi Motors, he became a playing manager as Tomohiko Ikoma successor and managed until 1975. In 9 seasons, the club won the champions 2 times (1969 and 1973) and 2nd place 4 times. The club also 1971 and 1973 Emperor's Cup. After Japan national team failed to qualify for 1976 Summer Olympics in April 1976, Ninomiya became a manager for Japan national team as Ken Naganuma successor. Ninomiya managed at 1978 World Cup qualification and 1978 Asian Games. He resigned after 1978 Asian Games.

In 2015, Ninomiya was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

National team statistics

References

External links

 Japan National Football Team Database
Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1937 births
Living people
Keio University alumni
Japanese men's footballers
Japan men's international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Japanese football managers
Japan national football team managers
Men's association football forwards


MIAF may refer to:

Melbourne International Arts Festival
Melbourne International Animation Festival
Maunatul Islam Association of Fiji
Marshal of the Indian Air Force, the senior rank in the Indian Air Force
Manchukuo Imperial Air Force
Multi-Image Application Format


is a former Japanese football player and manager.

Playing career
Nomura was born in Hiroshima on February 10, 1940. He played at Chuo University and won 1962 Emperor's Cup with Aritatsu Ogi, Yasuyuki Kuwahara and so on. After graduating from university, he joined Hitachi in 1963. In 1965, he played 14 games and scored 15 goals in Japan Soccer League first season. He became first top scorer. In 1972 season, the club won the championship. He was also elected Best Eleven and Japanese Footballer of the Year award. He retired in 1975.

Coaching career
In 1974, Nomura playing for Hitachi also became an assistant coach for the club. In 1979, he became a manager for Hitachi. In 1981, he resigned. In 2014, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Senior league
Nomura currently plays in the Soccer For Life league, an amateur Japanese football league for players past the age of 60.

Honours
Team
 Japan Soccer League Division 1 - 1 (1972)
Individual
 Japan Soccer League top scorer - 1 (1965)
 Japanese Footballer of the Year - 1 (1972)

References

External links
Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1940 births
Living people
Chuo University alumni
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Japan Soccer League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Japanese football managers
Association football people from Hiroshima


Cyclonic vortex may refer to:
Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex, a vortex that usually moves slowly from east-northeast to west-southwest, and generally does not extend below 20,000 feet in altitude.
Low-level tropospheric cyclonic vortices are known as low-pressure areas