Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant ( []) is a nuclear power station in Russia.
It is located in the Smolensk region, in Desnogorsk province, approximately  from Smolensk,  from Bryansk and  from Moscow. Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant is the biggest power generating station in the north-western region of the united energy system of the Russian Federation. Smolensk NPP has an outer appearance similar to that of Chernobyl NPP units 3-4, as both are later generation RBMKs.

Construction and operation

Construction began on the Smolensk NPP in the late 1970s. The NPP was originally intended to be constructed in two phases with units 1 and 2 starting in 1975 and 1976, followed by units 3 and 4 in the mid-late 1980s. Unit 3 began construction in  1984. However, the construction of the fourth reactor was interrupted by the Chernobyl disaster and plans were cancelled in 1993. The three RBMK-1000 reactors of Smolensk NPP were commissioned in 1982-1990 (1 st – Dec 24 1982, 2nd – Mar 30 1985 and 3 rd - Jan 30 1990). The reactors of Smolensk NPP are the improved versions of RBMK with a number of innovative safety systems. In the past years Smolensk NPP has generated as much as 283bln kWh and has proved its high efficiency and safety. The plant has been repeatedly proclaimed the best NPP in Russia and awarded by "Rosenergoatom" with the award of "Concern for excellent performance and safety". The plant has no negative effect on the nearby environment – in the past years the radiation background in the area has not changed and is stably within norm. Collectively, the three units of the Smolensk NPP have produced electricity equivalent to that of 90,000,000 tons of coal and have prevented the emission of 6,000,000 tons of airborne contaminants.

Safety systems and environmental impact

All the units are equipped with emergency response systems, which can prevent release of radioactive material into the environment even in case of serious accident; for example breakage of pipes in the reactor cooling circuit. The reactor cooling circuit is housed in hermetic reinforced concrete boxes that can withstand a pressure of . Also part of the emergency response system are special steam condensers which have a 3000 m2 capacity. Smolensk NPP has special systems that will be able to remove heat from the reactor even in case of the plant’s complete loss of electrical power. The environment radiation control sub-system conducts round-the-clock monitoring of a 30-km zone around the station, with the help of sensors installed all over the area which can detect abnormal radioactivity levels in, water, soil, plants and agricultural produce consumed by the local population. The findings of independent experts from the State Sanitary Inspection and the State Hydro-meteorological Committee say that the radiation background at Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant and in the nearby area is consistent with background radiation. Hence, Smolensk NPP is an ecologically friendly facility having no significant radiological or chemical effect on the population and the environment. The key goal set by the Smolensk NPP is to reduce the risk of incidents that may have negative effect on the personnel and the environment. All the measures provided for by the safety enhancement concept of "Rosenergoatom" Concern are aimed at reducing the risk of incidents at the REA NPPs. The safety declaration of Smolensk NPP says that the plant seeks to become the safest NPP in Russia.

Smolensk II Nuclear Power Station
As the older RBMK units begin to be removed from service due to age, they are being replaced by modern VVER type reactors. The three sites (Kursk I, Leningrad I, Smolensk I) which all consist of 3+ RBMK reactors are going to be replaced with VVER-1200 units at Leningrad and VVER-TOI units at Smolensk and Kursk. The three RBMK reactors are expected to remain in operation until the new reactors are operational.

See also

 Nuclear power in Russia

References

Nuclear power stations in Russia
Nuclear power stations built in the Soviet Union
Nuclear power stations using RBMK reactors


"Fan" is a 2003 song recorded by French singer and composer Pascal Obispo. Written by Lionel Florence who had previously worked for many notable artists, the song is a tribute to great artists, particularly Michel Polnareff. Released on March 14, 2003, as the lead single of the album of the same name, "Fan" achieved great success in France and Belgium (Wallonia), becoming to date Obispo's first number-one hit and his most successful single in terms of chart peak positions. The song was also performed during the singer's next tours and was thus included on the albums Studio Fan / Live Fan (2004) and Les Fleurs de Forest (2007).

The CD single was released in many editions with various art cover showing Obispo portraying many artists such as Robert De Niro, Freddie Mercury and Marilyn Monroe. In France, the single went straight to number-one on 1 June 2003, and almost didn't stop to drop the weeks after, totalling eight weeks in the top ten, 18 weeks in the top 50 and 27 weeks in the top 100.

Track listings
 CD single
 "Fan" — 4:30
 "L'Amour avec toi" — 2:32
 "Fan" (video) — 4:30

 CD maxi - Format 25 x 25
 "Fan" — 4:30
 "L'Amour avec toi" — 2:32
 "Fan" (video) — 4:30
+ a poster - collector

 Digital download
 "Fan" — 4:30
 "Fan" (2004 live) — 4:26
 "Fan" (2007 live) — 5:01

 CD single - Promo - Format 12"
 "Fan" — 4:30

Charts and sales

Peak positions

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2003 singles
Pascal Obispo songs
Ultratop 50 Singles (Wallonia) number-one singles
SNEP Top Singles number-one singles
Songs with music by Pascal Obispo
Songs written by Lionel Florence
2003 songs


Sani Yakubu Rodi (b. 1975 or 1981, according to conflicting reports) was the first prisoner to be executed under state-level Sharia law in Nigeria. He was hanged in a prison in Katsina State on January 3, 2002, for the 2001 fatal stabbing of a woman and her two children; however, he did not have legal representation at his trial (opting for self-defense), and had pleaded not guilty at his initial hearing, but had changed to a guilty plea at a later hearing, after which he was sentenced to death by hanging.

, Rodi's execution is the first and only execution to have taken place under sharia in Nigeria.

References

Nigerian people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Nigeria
21st-century executions by Nigeria
Executed Nigerian people
People executed by Nigeria by hanging
People executed for murder
2002 deaths
Year of birth missing


Anamuah Esme Papa Mends commonly known as Esme Mends (born 22 February 1986) is a Ghanaian football player who plays for Al-Oruba SC in the Oman Professional League.

Personal life
Esme is the son of  Lionel Thompson Mends and Sanatu Mends, both of Rome, Italy and the nephew of Ghana's former permanent representative to the FAO of the UN, Horatio Mends.

Career
Mends began his youth playing career at Great Ambassadors in the Tema Colts League before joining division 1 club, Tema Real Sportive in 2003/4. The club gained promotion to the Ghanaian Premier League in 2004/5 and Esme was named as team captain. .After a total of four years with Real Sportive, Esme left the club and signed with the top clubAccra Hearts of Oak SC making them champions in 2008/2009 for the first time in 8 years. Also Hearts of Oak player of the year 2008/09. Esme was nominated in the Ghana Premier League All Star team 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. Mends has attracted interest from a number of big Russian, Spanish, German and Italian teams in 2009 and 2010.

On 11 September 2013, Esme signed a one-year contract with Oman-based club Al-Oruba SC.

References

1986 births
Living people
Ghanaian Christians
Ghanaian men's footballers
Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Real Sportive players
Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. players
Al-Orouba SC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Oman
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Oman


The 2004 Grand Prix Hassan II was an Association of Tennis Professionals tennis tournament held in Casablanca, Morocco. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and was held from May 17 to May 24.

Finals

Singles

 Santiago Ventura defeated  Dominik Hrbatý 6–3, 1–6, 6–4
 It was Ventura's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

Doubles

 Enzo Artoni /  Fernando Vicente defeated  Yves Allegro /  Michael Kohlmann 3–6, 6–0, 6–4
 It was Artoni's only title of the year and the 2nd of his career. It was Vicente's only title of the year and the 4th of his career.

External links
 ATP tournament profile

Grand Prix Hassan II
Grand Prix Hassan II


Love Letter (stylised as LOVE LETTER) is the fifth studio album released by Ai Otsuka on 17 December 2008. It come in a CD-only format and  CD + DVD format. Thirteen songs are included; four from her singles Pocket, Rocket Sneaker / One × Time (both songs as it is a double A-side single) and Kurage, Nagareboshi.

On 16 November 2008, the full album - minus Ningyou - leaked onto the internet. On November 24, mu-mo gave a possibly confirmed track order, later confirmed on the Avex Trax website.

On December 18, one day after the album's release, it was stated  that the song "Bye Bye" would be the 4th single off the album, giving Otsuka her 2nd recut single and 19th single overall as Ai Otsuka (21st overall including her singles as LOVE).

The album is certified Gold for shipment of 100,000 copies .

Track listing

Music videos

The music videos for 360°, Do☆Positive, and Ai have all debuted on 1 December, 4 December, and 5 December 2008 respectively—and subsequently, all three have appeared on the internet.

The music video for "360°" features Otsuka in a large costume with ornaments of butterflies and piano keys, while switching back between scenes of a player piano, her, and a Merry-Go-Round which is repeatedly mentioned in the lyrics. The video is very abstract, a similar concept she used for her video "Rocket Sneaker".

The video for "Do☆Positive" displays Otsuka is a large afro-wig, accompanied by a band, singing in a seemingly basement-garage type setting. This PV was directed by スミス.

The video for "Ai" is the most plot-oriented out of the debuting three music videos. The video takes place mostly in a park in a large Japanese countryside-setting, and features Otsuka singing to a large, growing crowd. Out of all three, this PV is the most traditional Otsuka-style for videos. The video also features clips of couples, and children. A few interesting clips include Otsuka when she was younger, and of her parents' marriage and mother's pregnancy.

There is also a video for Bye Bye which was released with the single.

Oricon sales charts (Japan)

References

Ai Otsuka albums
2008 albums
Avex Group albums


Flaw lead is an oceanographic term for a waterway opening between pack ice and fast ice.  Flaw lead occurs annually at the time when central pack ice drifts from coastal ice, thereby creating the flaw. The process begins in autumn.  Flaw leads can have interconnected polynyas. The Canadian government's Circumpolar Flaw Lead System Study, through the University of Manitoba examines the physical changes and their effects on biological processes with flaw leads.

A similar opening ("lead") can exist between pack ice and the shore, referred to as a shore lead.

References

Physical oceanography
Snow or ice weather phenomena


Willard Park is a public park in downtown Cleveland, in the U.S. state of Ohio. The park sits at the northwest corner of East 9th Street and Lakeside Avenue, adjacent to Cleveland City Hall, and is within the boundaries of the Cleveland Mall historic district. It is the location of the public sculpture Free Stamp, and is the home of the original Cleveland Fire Fighters Memorial.

Willard Park is named after the artist Archibald Willard. A copy of Archibald's painting The Spirit of '76 hangs in the Rotunda of the neighboring Cleveland City Hall.

Free Stamp
The Free Stamp is an outdoor sculpture located in Willard Park. Created by Claes Oldenburg and his wife Coosje van Bruggen, it has been called the "world's largest rubber stamp". The dimensions of the sculpture are  by  by .  The sculpture depicts a rubber stamp with the word "FREE" in its stamping area.

The work was commissioned by The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) in 1982 for display at its soon-to-be-constructed headquarters building on Public Square, which became the BP America Tower. The piece was originally designed to stand upright, with the lettering of the stamp hidden from view on its "stamp pad".  According to one of the executives working with Oldenburg, the message on the stamp was intended as a reference to the Civil War-era Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, located across the street. In an interview with WKYC-TV at the sculpture's 1991 dedication, Oldenburg said the stamp's message, "Free," referred to the emancipation of American slaves during and after the Civil War.

Controlling interest in Standard Oil had previously been acquired by British Petroleum as part of the financing arrangements for construction of the Trans Alaska pipeline and oil rights to Prudhoe Bay reserves. BP executive Robert Horton took over the management of the retitled company, BP America, before the sculpture was installed. He believed that the stamp was "inappropriate" for the location, and that Oldenburg actually intended to mock British Petroleum about Sohio's loss of corporate freedom and the lack of freedom in office work. The company gave the artists permission to move the sculpture to another part of the city, but they refused. As a result, the stamp was placed in storage in a facility in Whiting, Indiana.  Over the next several years, BP America, the artists, and the city consulted to find a new site for the sculpture. Several sites were proposed, including the Cleveland Museum of Art. The artists, who wanted the sculpture to remain near Public Square, finally chose Willard Park.

In 1991, BP donated the sculpture to the city of Cleveland.  The stamp was modified to sit on its side, and it was dedicated in its new location on November 15, 1991.  At the dedication, Oldenburg told a WKYC-TV producer that it looked as if a giant hand had picked up the sculpture from its intended location at the BP Tower and angrily hurled it several blocks, where it ended up on its side.

References

External links
 Sketches and construction images

Parks in Cleveland


U-157 may refer to one of the following German submarines:

 , a German Type U 151 submarine launched in 1917
 , a German Type IXC submarine that served in World War II

Submarines of Germany


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Prince George's County, Maryland.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 106 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 6 National Historic Landmarks.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland

References

Prince George's


Glen Eden Lutheran Memorial Park is a non-profit cemetery in Livonia, Michigan and Macomb Township. Glen Eden began serving the community when a small group of investors started the cemetery in 1929. In 1932, a twist of fate transferred ownership and operation of the cemetery to four Lutheran churches.

The St. Gabriel Mausoleum was designed by the architectural firm of J. Stuart Todd of Dallas, Texas, an international firm with over 1,500 completed cemetery projects to their credit.  McCarthy & Smith, Inc. of Farmington Hills, Michigan providers of construction services to cemeteries throughout southeast Michigan for over thirty years provided construction services on the mausoleum.  Both of these firms were also involved in the development of the first new cemetery in Macomb County in over three decades Glen Eden East, in Macomb Township as well.

Surrounding the Chapel are four traditional burial gardens, beautifully landscaped and distinguished by specific themes that reflect life and individual character. The Garden of Faith, Garden of Hope and Garden of Resurrection feature individual and family lots while two specially dedicated gardens honor community members who have served during their lives; The Pastors Point Garden reserved for Lutheran pastors and their spouses, and The Garden of Valor which provides a special setting of honor for veterans and their spouses.

In June 1962, Lutheran War Veterans Auxiliary, Gold Star Mothers and Blue Star Mothers, as a special place to pay tribute to veterans, dedicated Glen Eden's Veteran's Monument, now the focus of the Garden of Valor. To commemorate veterans who are buried elsewhere, a cenotaph memorial surrounds the massive flagpole in the Memorial Plaza Boulevard featuring a solid bronze bas-relief sculpture depicting those who have served their country.

Some prominent burials
 Sidney Abel, Hall of Fame professional hockey player
 Ford R. Bryan, author/historian and 4th cousin of Henry Ford I
 George "Hully" Gee, professional hockey player
 Arthur Rahn, WWI German fighter ace

External links
 Glen Eden official site

 Interment.net: Glen Eden Memorial Park
 Livonia Chamber of Commerce

Cemeteries in Michigan
Protected areas of Wayne County, Michigan
Protected areas of Macomb County, Michigan
Lutheran cemeteries in the United States


The 2005 Grand Prix Hassan II was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Casablanca, Morocco. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and was held from 4 April until 11 April 2005. Sixth-seeded Mariano Puerta won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Mariano Puerta defeated  Juan Mónaco 6–4, 6–1
 It was Puerta's only title of the year and the 6th of his career.

Doubles

 František Čermák /  Leoš Friedl defeated  Martín García /  Luis Horna 6–4, 6–3
 It was Čermák's 3rd title of the year and the 8th of his career. It was Friedl's 3rd title of the year and the 8th of his career.

External links
 ATP tournament profile

Grand Prix Hassan II
Grand Prix Hassan II


The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) is a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) office responsible for the procurement and development of medical countermeasures, principally against bioterrorism, including chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats, as well as pandemic influenza and emerging diseases. BARDA was established in 2006 through the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) and reports to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR). The office manages Project BioShield, which funds the research, development and stockpiling of vaccines and treatments that the government could use during public health emergencies such as chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) attacks.

In addition to preparing and maintaining bioterrorism responses and countermeasures,  HHS, through the  ASPR and BARDA, prepares and maintains an integrated system of medical countermeasures for both known or unknown, and re-emerging or novel types of public health emergencies. These include diagnostic tools, therapeutics, such as antibiotics and antivirals, and preventative measures, such as vaccines. BARDA is an established, official interface between the  U.S. federal government and the biomedical industry.  BARDA also participates in the governmental inter-agency Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE), providing coordination across the US federal government in developing and deploying such countermeasures.

BARDA works with the biomedical industry, using grants and other assistance, to promote advanced research, innovation and the development of medical devices, tests, vaccines and therapeutics. BARDA also procures and maintains stockpiles of materials, such as drugs, personal protective equipment (PPE) and vaccines, for the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS).

History

Creation and legislative history

BARDA was created and authorized by Title IV Sec 401 of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) of 2006. PAHPA amended the Public Health Service Act by the addition of section 319L to that law. PAHPA provided new authorities for a number of programs to counter CBRN as well as epidemic, pandemic and emerging disease threats, established the position of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) as well as BARDA reporting to the ASPR, and built on  Project BioShield, previously created in 2004.

PAHPA reauthorized the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, following the 2001 anthrax attacks ensuing the  September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. BARDA was reauthorized by the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 (PAHPRA) and again in the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act of 2019 (PAHPAI).

Leadership

The inaugural director of BARDA, from its inception in 2006 through April 2008 was Carol D. Linden, Ph.D., who served both as the principal deputy director and acting director.  From April 2008 through November 14, 2016, the director was Robin A. Robinson PhD (Virology), formerly director of the BARDA Influenza and Emerging Diseases division. He was succeeded as director by Rick Bright from November 15, 2016 through April 20, 2020, when he was moved in what later became a whistleblower controversy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (SARS-CoV-2). As of April 23, 2020, Gary Disbrow PhD is the BARDA director, and was formerly director of the Medical Countermeasures program and director of the CBRN division at BARDA. All early BARDA directors also concurrently served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response.

Organizational structure

BARDA's 2011–2016 Strategic plan described its composition as the Office of the Director plus seven functional divisions:

In June 2018, BARDA announced a new initiative, its Division of Research Innovation and Ventures (DRIVe). DRIVe is a business accelerator to fund and support the development of a portfolio of healthcare products.

Roles and purpose

BARDA plays a unique and unusual role within the structure of the US Federal Government, assisting in getting drugs, deemed essential during public health emergencies including attacks compromising US national security, to market. Such assistance ranges from direct funding, procuring and stockpiling medical countermeasures (MCM’s), to helping obtain US  FDA approvals, including Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) if needed. By the rare nature of such public health emergencies, the required therapies or countermeasures, while critical during the emergency, may not constitute a financially viable or profitable investment, for sufficiently large pharmaceutical companies.

Such gaps in the US government medical countermeasures infrastructure have been described as "bridging the valley of death". In this respect, BARDA provides services similar to those offered by  venture capitalists or business accelerators in private industry, although BARDA takes no financial stake in the final product once approved by the FDA.

BARDA acts in concert with the PHEMCE. These activities (see below) include:

Budget

During public health emergencies, BARDA’s budget may be increased by additional  congressional appropriations.

In FY 2020, the annual budget of BARDA was approximately $1.6billion depending on the precise allocation of costs, including the costs of projects overseen or managed by BARDA on behalf of the ASPR. The proposed budget in FY 2020, not reflecting any additional congressional appropriations due to the COVID-19 crisis, was an increase from $1.27billion in FY 2019, and $1.02billion in FY 2018. This figure included $512million in medical countermeasures including $192million for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria and $260million USD for advanced research and development (ARD).

Major initiatives

 Research and development
 Medical countermeasures
 Vaccines
 Antimicrobial drugs
 Therapeutic products
 Diagnostics
 Non-pharmaceutical medical supplies
 Stockpiling programs (see below)
 Project BioShield
 Pandemic Influenza Emergency Supplemental Fund
 Strategic National Stockpile
 Antibiotics
 Vaccines
 Anthrax vaccine
 Antidotes
 Medical equipment and supplies
 Manufacturing infrastructure

Setting requirements

BARDA sets the requirements for medical countermeasures in order to reduce the threats of public health emergencies such as pandemic influenza, CBRN threats, and emerging diseases. The requirements formalize the minimum standards private industry needs to use in order to produce medical countermeasures acceptable to BARDA.

Formulation
Stakeholders across the federal government and the
Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE)
specify requirements. Once established, these requirements drive BARDA’s
advanced research and development, as well as acquisition. Requirements
are created consistent with the planning and prioritization expressed in the
HHS PHEMCE Implementation Plan for CBRN Threats.

Pandemic influenza
Pandemic Influenza requirements are defined by strategic objectives established in the "National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza" and the "HHS Pandemic Influenza Plan".

Advanced research and development

Overview
One of BARDA's major objectives is the creation of a robust and dynamic pipeline of medical countermeasures through advanced research and development (ARD). Its goal is to provide multiple product candidates in each program to both account for attrition in medical countermeasure deployment and to establish multi-product/multi-manufacturer portfolios for sustainability and redundancy.

BARDA medical countermeasures include vaccines, antimicrobial drugs, therapeutic products, diagnostics and non-pharmaceutical medical supplies, as well as devices for public health medical emergencies including chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats (CBRN),
pandemic influenza (PI) and emerging infectious diseases (EID).

Influenza and emerging infectious diseases
One of BARDA's key activities includes the Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division. This program aims to support the advanced development of vaccines, therapeutic and diagnostic medical countermeasures that address emerging infectious disease threats.

Nerve agents
Nerve agents and other chemical weapons are a priority for fighting CBRN threats.
VX gas, which was the nerve agent that reportedly killed
the half-brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un,
Provides an example. BARDA also stockpiles an anti-seizure medication,
midazolam, developed by Meridian Medical Technologies, to be made available in an autoinjector to
treat the effects of nerve agents on the neurological system.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria
In October 2017 BARDA entered a nine-month $12-million contract with the San Francisco-based biopharmaceutical company Achaogen, sponsoring late-stage development of C-scape, an antibiotic used against resistant bacteria and a potential treatment against bioterrorism chemical agents.
In April 2019, Achaogen declared bankrupt.

Stockpile programs

The Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) established BARDA as the focal point within HHS for the advanced development and acquisition of medical countermeasures to protect the American civilian population against Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) and naturally occurring threats to public health.

BARDA's stockpiling efforts are focused on building reserves of critical countermeasures as they emerge from Advanced Development. Stockpiling contributes to preparedness in two ways:

Stockpiled medical countermeasures directly support readiness, as the stockpiled products can help to mitigate the effects of an event or outbreak.
Establishment of the stockpile helps to ready suppliers to meet the increased demands that an event will bring about, becoming practiced in the production and delivery of products.

BARDA's acquisitions for the stockpile are not one-time events, complete upon the approval/licensure of a product. Rather, programs are structured to include incremental milestone acquisitions during late stage development, to make available products still in development that may increase preparedness in an event, pending Emergency Use Authorization. Furthermore, we aim to establish stockpiling milestones to address long-term commitments post-licensure.

CBRN stockpile programs

In FY 2004, the US Congress appropriated $5.6 billion  USD to the Project BioShield Special Reserve Fund (SRF) to support the Project BioShield goal of acquiring CBRN medical countermeasures over a 10-year period. BARDA used these funds to support acquisition programs for the procurement of medical countermeasures against high priority CBRN threats. The agency gives funds to pharmaceutical companies to develop countermeasures. As of January 2020, BARDA had helped obtain FDA approval for at least 50 products.

Pandemic influenza stockpile programs

Using funds from the Pandemic Influenza Emergency Supplemental Fund, BARDA is leading the nation toward the vaccine and antiviral stockpile goals for preparedness for pandemic influenza.

In December 2019, BARDA awarded a $226 million
 USD
six-year contract to Sanofi Pasteur, a global pharmaceutical company with U.S. headquarters in Bridgewater, New Jersey,
to increase production capacity for an influenza vaccine. In September 2019,  a US presidential executive order
required the US government to modernize influenza vaccines and technologies in order to improve national health security.

Strategic national stockpile

The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Act of 2002 directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop and maintain a Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). The mission of the SNS is to provide for the emergency health security of the United States in the event of a terrorist attack or any other public health emergency.

The SNS is the largest US national supply of
pharmaceuticals and medical supplies for use in a small outbreak to a large-scale, multiple-threat emergency. When state, local, tribal, and/or territorial responders request federal assistance to support their response efforts, the stockpile is used to ensure that supplies are available when and where needed. The SNS is
Intended to contains enough vaccines, antimicrobial drugs, therapeutic products, and non-pharmaceutical medical supplies in the wake of any public health emergency including terrorist attacks whether chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear, as well as pandemic influenza and emerging infectious diseases.

Emergent BioSolutions manufactures the only
FDA licensed vaccine against anthrax disease, called BioThrax, which is recommended by the CDC as a post-exposure prophylactic for anthrax infection.

As part of a $450 million contract with BARDA for the SNS,
Emergent also developed the only FDA-licensed botulinum antitoxin,
Heptavalent Botulism Antitoxin (BAT) for treating naturally occurring
botulism.[v] Canada also approved BAT.

The US federal government approved a plan against CBRN threats after the 2001 anthrax letters attack, at the time the worst biological attack in United States history.

BARDA also invested in the late stage development of a product called NuThrax developed by Emergent Biosolutions, which makes the other anthrax vaccine, BioThrax. According to Homeland Preparedness News, NuThrax will be able to provide immunity to anthrax after two doses, versus the three doses under the currently stockpiled vaccine (BioThrax).

Manufacturing and building infrastructure

Ensuring the availability of medical countermeasures for public health emergencies is central to BARDA's mission. This includes ensuring that manufacturing infrastructure is sufficient to support the production of required products, in a manner that is timely, reliable and cost effective.

BARDA has taken multiple approaches to bringing online the necessary infrastructure for medical countermeasure manufacturing; it supports the construction of new facilities as well as retrofitting existing facilities for maximal capacity and flexibility. It has also explored the use of multi-product manufacturing facilities to provide flexibility and surge capacity and enable rapidly providing countermeasures in the dosage forms required for use in the field. BARDa has also established a network of formulation/fill-finish manufacturers for emergency production and distribution. BARDA has also explored the creation of centers of excellence for the development and production of non-commercial products with assistance from industry partners.

Advancing innovation

 PAHPA charges BARDA to support innovation to reduce the time and cost of medical countermeasures and product advanced research and development. This was to be accomplished through development of technologies that assist the advanced development of countermeasures, investment in research tools and technologies, and research to promote strategic initiatives including rapid diagnostics, broad spectrum antimicrobials, and vaccine manufacturing technologies.
 PAHPAI provided further authorities for BARDA to promote innovation through industry
assistance and partnerships.

BARDA has taken this innovation mandate as an opportunity to work with its partners (including NIH, DoD, CDC, industry, and academia) to create new ways to “make medical countermeasure better.” Examples of this approach to innovation could include the development of animal models to support efficacy testing, immune modulation and other broad-spectrum approaches, immunity assessment, and analytical (potency) assays.

A cited example of BARDA’s approach to innovation
from the Pandemic Influenza program is BARDA's “Mix and Match” study, assessing various combinations of antigens and adjuvants to obtain a more robust immune response. BARDA has stated
plans to support similar initiatives, leveraging technology platforms and products from multiple companies. For example, PAHPA provided an “antitrust” authority that BARDA has used to facilitate cooperation between companies for whom such cooperation would otherwise be difficult to accomplish.

Fujifilm Corporation announced in April 2017 that it would invest $130 million to increase production capacity for its BioCDMO division. The division “focuses on contract development & manufacturing for biologics.” Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, with help from a BARDA grant, invested around $93 million to build a production facility in the US state of Texas. The facility would include “mammalian cell culture bioreactors” and was planned to open operations at the start of 2018.

In April 2017, Switzerland-based Basilea Pharmaceutica and the Food and Drug Administration reached an agreement regarding two phase 3 clinical studies of an antibiotic developed by Basilea, ceftobiprole. The two clinical studies
would examine ceftobiprole for the treatment of “Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (bloodstream infections) and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.” Basilea signed a contract with BARDA, which it entered into in 2016 for the clinical phase 3 development of the antibiotic. BARDA provided initial funding of $20 million but could provide up to $100 million over a period of 4–5 years.

In 2017, BARDA signed a three-year $8.1 million contract with InBios International, Inc. of Seattle, Washington to develop a “point-of-care diagnostic test that may be able to determine within 15 minutes whether a patient has been infected with the bacterium that causes anthrax.”

In September 2017, BARDA awarded Velico Medical $15.5 million for development of a technology that uses spray drying of human plasma for transfusions. The current industry standard is to freeze plasma. Frozen plasma can take 40 or more minutes to defrost and deliver. According to Fierce Biotech, “Velico has Spray Dried Plasma technology (SpDPTM) that enables the storage of blood as dry powder, rather than the typical freezing, for subsequent rehydration. It's expected to be useful in hospital emergency rooms, operating suites and intensive care units--as well as in a military or field hospital setting.”

In July 2005, at the hearings before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, the first CEO and Director of the center, Tara O'Toole, MD, MPH, has pointed to center's role as the "BioDARPA" (i.e. "biomedical DARPA").

Pandemic and emerging disease responses

Anthrax
Since the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States, BARDA has supported the research and development

of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines for anthrax.
Therapeutics include the antibiotics
 XERAVA Of Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals,
 ZEMDRI of Achaogen (rights ex-Greater China bought by Cipla USA)
Gepotidacin of GlaxoSmithKline and
 SPR994 of Spero Therapeutics.
In July 2018, Spero was jointly awarded

up to USD $54 million by BARDA and the
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), in support of SPR994 development.
SPR994 also has application to the treatment of
 multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria.

BARDA also supported the development of the antitoxins
 Anthrasil of Cangene (March 2015 FDA approval) and
 Anthim  of Elusys Therapeutics (March 2016 FDA approval).
Anthrax vaccines whose development was supported by BARDA include
 BioThrax (AVA),
AV7909 of Emergent BioSolutions
Px563L of Pfenex
and NasoShield of Altimmune.

Botulism

Botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin, one of the deadliest known toxins. While the bacteria that cause botulism

occur naturally, botulism outbreaks are considered rare and unlikely by the US
 CDC, except as the result of a bioterrorism attack. BARDA maintains a supply of botulism antitoxins through the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS).

COVID-19

As of June, seven companies had been chosen for funding from Operation Warp Speed to expedite development and preparation for manufacturing their respective vaccine candidates: Johnson & Johnson (Janssen Pharmaceutical), AstraZeneca-University of Oxford, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Merck, Vaxart, and Inovio. Funding from BARDA totaled more than $2 billion by the end of June, with the largest awards of $1.2 billion given to AstraZeneca and $483 million to Moderna.

In June 2020, BARDA and the U.S. Department of Defenses signed a  $143 million contract with SiO2 Materials Science to ramp up production of vials and syringes used for COVID drugs and vaccines.

Ebola

After the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus epidemic
(followed by the Kivu Ebola epidemic starting in 2018),
BARDA supported the development of the first
Ebola vaccine,  ERVEBO, by
BioProtection Systems, a subsidiary of
NewLink Genetics Inc. (now Lumos Pharma).
The vaccine was announced

by the ASPR on December 19, 2019; ERVEBO
,
a vaccine for the Zaire ebola virus was licensed from NewLink Genetics in 2014 and produced and taken to market by Merck. It was successfully used in the 2018 Ebola virus epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Influenza

Smallpox
Smallpox is a highly contagious, potentially fatal disease caused by the Variola virus.
While the US discontinued immunization in 1972, and it was declared eradicated

by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980 (the last known naturally occurring case was seen in 1977, in Somalia),
it is still considered a potent bioterrorism threat.
BARDA began stockpiling smallpox vaccines in 2010.

By 2018, BARDA had procured millions of doses of
 TPOXX, of SIGA Technologies, by then
the first (and only) FDA-approved

antiviral smallpox drug therapy, for the SNS.

In 2019, BARDA announced a partnership with BioFactura to develop a second therapeutic, a monoclonal antibody smallpox treatment.

Zika
As of early 2020, there were no publicly acknowledged BARDA biomedical collaborations (diagnostics, therapies or vaccines) for the
Zika virus.
However BARDA has an announced (general) four-part Zika strategy

Medical countermeasure portfolio

Table source:

Integrated national biodefense medical countermeasures portfolio

The Department of Defense (DoD) and HHS each identify medical countermeasure requirements to address their different missions and focus. DoD's focus is on protecting the armed forces prior to exposure, whereas HHS's focus is on response to threats to the civilian population after exposure in a CBRN event.

However, there are areas of common requirements or interest where medical countermeasure candidates, resources and information can be appropriately shared to maximize opportunities for success in the development of medical countermeasures for the highest priority threats. BARDA, in partnership with other HHS and DoD partners, is leading an Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasure Portfolio to leverage resources and programs across the agencies that develop and acquire CBRN medical countermeasures to more effectively address the broad range of common threats and requirements. Members of this Integrated Portfolio include BARDA, biodefense programs in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which also oversees all biodefense activities across the other Institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and multiple elements of the DoD Chemical and Biological Defense Program.

Controversies

On April 20, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, in an action that led to the filing of a
 US whistleblower
complaint and testimony before the US House of Representatives,
Rick Bright was asked to step down as Director of BARDA. Bright claimed he had been removed from his post because he had insisted that “the billions of dollars allocated by Congress to address the COVID-19 pandemic” be invested “into safe and scientifically vetted solutions, and not in drugs, vaccines and other technologies that lack scientific merit." Bright was reassigned to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) at the time, who was implicated in the complaint, was Robert Kadlec.

On January 27, 2021, the  U.S. Office of Special Counsel transmitted an investigative report to President Biden confirming whistleblower allegations that ASPR “misappropriated millions of dollars that Congress appropriated for [BARDA] to respond to public health emergencies like outbreaks of Ebola, Zika, and—now—COVID-19.”

The investigation by the  HHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) substantiated whistleblower claims that “ASPR did not always comply with Federal fiscal law when managing BARDA appropriations.” In his transmittal letter, Special Counsel Henry Kerner wrote the President that he was “deeply concerned about ASPR’s apparent misuse of millions of dollars in funding meant for public health emergencies like the one our country is currently facing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Equally concerning is how widespread and well-known this practice appeared to be for nearly a decade.”

See also
Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H)
 Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act (H.R.3448, 107th Congress; Public Law 107-188) - original 2002 law revised and extended by PAHPA
 Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) (S.3678, 109th Congress; Public Law 109-417) - 2006 law (PAHPA) authorizing BARDA
 Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013 (PAHPRA) (H.R. 307, 113th Congress; Public Law 113-5) - 2013 law reauthorizing BARDA
 Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act (PAHPAI Act) (S.1379, 116th Congress; Public Law 116-22) - 2019 law reauthorizing BARDA

References

External links

 CBRN, BARDA, Project BioShield Overview
 Public Health Emergencies (United States) - HHS public health emergency website including information on BARDA

Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response
Counterterrorism in the United States
2006 establishments in the United States


John Henry Gore (16 June 1899 – 18 March 1971) was a Welsh international rugby flanker who played rugby union for Blaina and rugby league for Salford. His son, Billy Gore, played international rugby for Wales national rugby union team the same as his father.

Rugby career
Gore played all his rugby union for the unfashionable lower level club Blaina, though during this period the Welsh selectors would often choose tough manual workers to represent the forward positions. Gore first represented Wales in the 1924 Five Nations Championship in a match at the Cardiff Arms Park against Ireland. Under the captaincy of Jack Wetter, Gore found himself on the losing team which stopped a run of 9 successive home wins for Wales. His second game was against France and although a win for Wales, it was a poor Welsh performance caused by players being thrown out of position by the selectors decision to suspend Ossie Male on the trip to Paris. Gore was selected later in the year to face the touring New Zealand team. Wales were totally outclassed by the All Blacks, though the forwards put on a spirited display.

The next year Gore played his final game for Wales, when he faced England during the 1925 Championship. Wales lost the game 12–6, and Gore played no further international union games. He switched codes to the professional league game when he joined Salford later in 1925.

Salford
Whilst captain of Salford he played for both the England and Wales positioned at .

Many say that he played for the Great Britain rugby league team as he was of Welsh birth and was not the only Welshman to play for this team, however local Salford newspaper reports of the day clearly record: To Jack Gore our Captain, we offer our very hearty congratulations on his selection as Loose forward for 'England' on the occasion of the Third and Final Test against the All Blacks to be played at Leeds, on 15 January 1927. This match of course depends upon what transpires at the League Councils Meeting, held on Wednesday last. This honour, by the way is not unexpected, when having read Old Stagers report of the recent Wales v. All Blacks, an extract from the South Wales News which is as follows: GORE, a forward who would be an acquisition to any pack of Forwards - on his showing at Pontypridd. Gore is one of the greatest Forwards Wales has ever produced - would secure a 'place' in any National side for which he was qualified

Gore qualified to play for England because of his father's nationality.

Jack made his début for Salford against St Helens on 28 February 1925 as a  before quickly being switched to  with great effect. Gore made 125 appearances for Salford between 1925 and 1928 scoring 29 tries. He played his last game for Salford at Barrow on 9 April 1928.

Wigan Highfield
He transferred to Wigan Highfield during the close season. Gore then played for Wigan Highfield from 1928 until 1932 making 109 appearances and scoring 17 tries.

Monmouthshire
Jack Gore played  in Monmouthshire's 14-18 defeat by Glamorgan in the non-County Championship match during the 1926–27 season at Taff Vale Park, Pontypridd on Saturday 30 April 1927.

Retirement
Gore returned to his birth town where he ran the Kings Head public house, High Street, Blaina. Gore was often suspected of being a rugby league spy for Salford. It is reported that he was instrumental in spotting the great Dai Watkins, also from Blaina, who followed Gore to Salford after his days as a Welsh International rugby star.

International rugby union matches played
Wales
  19 January 1924. Played at St Helens, Swansea, WALES 9 ENGLAND 17
  8 March 1924. Cardiff Arms Park, WALES 10 IRELAND 13
  27 March 1924 Colombes, Paris. FRANCE 6 WALES 10
  29 November 1924. St Helens Swansea. WALES 0 NEW ZEALAND 19

Gore was also a Reserve on 2 February 1924. Played at Inverieth, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND 35 WALES 10

International rugby league matches played
Wales
  1927, 1928
   6 December 1926. Played at Taff Vale Park Pontypridd (att 18,000). WALES 34 NEW ZEALAND 8 (Gore scored 2 tries)

England
   15 January 1927. Leeds

Bibliography

References

1899 births
1971 deaths
Blaina RFC players
British publicans
Dual-code rugby internationals
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Liverpool City (rugby league) players
Monmouthshire rugby league team players
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Blaina
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union players from Blaina
Salford Red Devils captains
Salford Red Devils players
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh miners
Wales national rugby league team players
Welsh rugby league players
Welsh rugby union players


U-160 may refer to one of the following German submarines:

 , a Type U 93 submarine launched in 1918; served in World War I until surrendered on 20 November 1918; broken up at Cherbourg
 , a Type IXC submarine that served in World War II until sunk on 14 July 1943

Submarines of Germany


The Haune is a 67 km long river in Hesse, Germany, right tributary of the Fulda. Its source is near Dietershausen, southeast of the town Fulda, in the Rhön Mountains. The Haune flows generally north through the towns Hünfeld, Burghaun and Haunetal. It flows into the Fulda in Bad Hersfeld.

References

Rivers of Hesse
East Hesse
Rivers of Germany


Alcester Academy (formerly known as Alcester High School Technology College) is a state secondary school that educates girls and boys aged between 11 and 16, in Alcester, Warwickshire, England. It serves both Alcester and other surrounding villages such as Bidford-on-Avon.

History
Alcester High School is located on the site of the old Greville High School (named after Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke) which opened in 1966. When Greville closed in 1985, the students were transferred to Alcester High along with students from Bidford High School. In 2004, a £1.8m expansion programme began creating a two-storey English block with 12 new classrooms, and extensions to the art and music blocks.

Alcester High became a specialist technology college in 1998 with an investment of £250,000. After being awarded 'high performing' status as a Technology College, Alcester High School was invited to apply for a second subject specialism. After a great deal of consultation and planning it was decided to apply for music specialism. This was approved by the Secretary of State for Education  and the school became a specialist music college in 2006.

Previously a community school administered by Warwickshire County Council, in August 2011 Alcester High School Technology College converted to academy status and was renamed Alcester Academy.

Results
Percentage of year 11 students gaining 5 or more grades A* to C at GCSE level:
 2010: 55%
 2011: 59%
 2012:	61%
 2013:	62%

Awards
In 2016, Alcester Academy's maths department won Maths Team of the Year at the Times Education Supplement (TES) Schools Awards. The Academy was the only secondary school in Warwickshire to be nominated for the awards.

Art teacher, James Yarrington, was also one of the eight nominees shortlisted for Art Teacher of the Year.

References

External links
 Alcester Academy homepage

Academies in Warwickshire
Secondary schools in Warwickshire
Alcester
Specialist technology colleges in England
Specialist music colleges in England


Graeme Power is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender.

Power began his career with Queens Park Rangers in 1995, but made no first team appearances.
After two years at Bristol Rovers, he moved to Exeter City in 1998 and made 192 appearances for the Grecians in all competitions.

Whilst still involved at Exeter on a coaching basis, Power moved to Truro City in the summer of 2006, where he played for three full seasons, winning the FA Vase at Wembley Stadium in 2007 before leaving in late December 2009.

He is now a teacher at Paignton Academy.

External links

1977 births
Footballers from the London Borough of Harrow
Living people
Men's association football defenders
English men's footballers
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Tiverton Town F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
English Football League players


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Maryland.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 81 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 4 National Historic Landmarks.

Current listings

|}

See also

 List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland

References

Montgomery
.
Montgomery County, Maryland


No Justice is a red dirt/Texas country band which was originally from Stillwater, Oklahoma.

History
The band was formed in 2001. It has its origins in a covers band that included Jerry Payne and two of the other original members, adopting the name No Justice. They began writing original songs and recruited local artist Steve Rice on lead vocals and guitar.

In September 2007, No Justice released their first live album, Live at Billy Bob's CD/DVD, joining a long list of artists in the Live at Billy Bob's series. Originally released as a limited edition CD/DVD combo, it was re-released in 2008 with the full track listing. The album included the band's more popular songs from the previous albums, as well as three new tracks, two of which were also included as studio recordings. At the end of the last track of live recording, the band included their own version of U2's "With or Without You", from the 1987 album The Joshua Tree. A cover of Ryan Adams' "Shakedown on 9th Street", from the 2000 album Heartbreaker is included, as well as a cover version of Todd Snider's "Horseshoe Lake", from the 2005 album That Was Me: Best Of. The original limited edition issue consisted of CD containing a condensed version of the live recording, as well as a DVD of the concert and bonus features, including a photo gallery and interviews with the band.

By late 2009, the group had landed a new record deal with Carved Records. In 2010, the band's lineup was singer/guitarist Steve Rice, guitarist Jerry Payne, bassist Joey Treviño (who joined in 2008), drummer Armando Lopez and lead guitarist Cody Patton.

2nd Avenue (2010) was more rock-oriented than their earlier work, but the band returned to their roots with America's Son (2012), produced by Dexter Green. By 2012 the band's lineup was Rice, Patton, Lopez, vocalist/bassist Justin Morris, and keyboard player Bryce Conway.

Current band status
On September 5, 2013, No Justice announced via their Facebook page that the band would be splitting up. The final tour ended in October at the Wormy Dog Saloon in OKC, Oklahoma. The band started playing select shows again in 2015 and still plays at select venues currently. No Justice teamed up with Red 11 Music and producer Dex Green to record a 3 song EP in May of 2019. They are currently not on tour but playing select venues throughout the country.

Musical style
While often categorized as 'Red Dirt', the band's music incorporates country, rock, R&B, blues, and funk. Singer Rice described the band's sound as an "Americana-Southern Rock blend".

Discography

Albums

More to live For 3:33- (Steve Rice)
 *more songs to come throughout 2019.

Music videos

References

American country rock groups
Country music groups from Oklahoma
2001 establishments in Oklahoma
Musical groups established in 2001
Carved Records artists


U-161 may refer to one of the following German submarines:

 , a Type U 93 submarine launched in 1918; served in World War I until surrendered on 20 November 1918; grounded on English east coast on way to be broken up, 1921
 , a Type IXC submarine that served in World War II until sunk on 27 September 1943

Submarines of Germany


Libouchec () is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,900 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
Villages of Čermná, Knínice, and Žďárek are administrative parts of Libouchec.

Geography
Libouchec is located about  north of Ústí nad Labem. The municipal territory is very diverse and lies in fourth nature regions. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the Jílovský brook, which is part of the Most Basin lowland. The valley separates the Central Bohemian Uplands and the eastern tip of the Ore Mountains. The northeastern part of the municipality extends into the Elbe Sandstone Mountains and includes the highest point of the municipality, Nad Stěnami at  above sea level.

History
The first settlers of the area were Celts and Germanics, from the 5th century initially mainly Slavs and from the late Middle Ages onwards mainly Germans. The first written mention of Libouchec is from 1169 under its German name Königswald. Libouchec gained its Czech name after the eponymous stream.

An important salt trail was running through Libouchec. Salt was carried from here to Děčín where it was embarked and sent to inland. There started an important production in manufacture in the end of feudalism (buttons, textile, primitive machines). In the 16th century, the nobility from Bynov began with logging and mining of ore and silver. In the 19th century its surroundings were an industrial region. There began the production of velvet, liqueurs, mustard and agricultural machines.

Important was the railway which led from Duchcov to Děčín. It was built in 1869 and was the most expensive railway in the country being built at that time. The operation of this railway was abolished in 2008.

Demographics

Tranport
During the tourist season, on weekends and holidays, a train on the Děčín–Telnice line runs through Libouchec. The ČSD Class M 152.0 retro train drives there.

Sights

The most significant buildings are the Church of Three Wise Men and the castle. The church was built in 1357; after burning out it was repaired in the 16th century and from that time it has been rebuilt many times.

The Libouchec Castle, originally named Schönstein, was established by Günter of Bünau in the 16th century. Due to the Thirty Years' War and fires, the castle gradually fell into disrepair and it has been in the emergency conditions. In 2003, the castle was sold and has since been repaired.

References

External links

Villages in Ústí nad Labem District


Atdhe Nuhiu (; born 29 July 1989) is a Kosovan professional footballer who plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club SC Rheindorf Altach.

Club career

SV Ried
On 31 August 2009, on the deadline day, Nuhiu completed a transfer to SV Ried on loan for the 2009–10 season. He scored his first goal for the team on 23 September 2009 in team's 1–1 away draw at Austria Wien, just eleven days after making his debut in a losing effort against SV Mattersburg.

Rapid Wien
On 8 June 2010, Nuhiu joined fellow Austrian Bundesliga side SK Rapid Wien on a three-year contract with an option of a further one. His salary was reported to be €1.2 million per season, plus various bonuses depending on his performances. He choose squad number 15, and made his competitive debut on 22 August in the Bundesliga matchday 5 against SV Mattersburg, partnering his patriot Hamdi Salihi in an eventual 2–0 home win. Nuhiu opened his scoring account later on 13 November by scoring a last-minute equaliser against the same opponent, with the match ending 2–2.

Sheffield Wednesday

2013–14 season
Nuhiu signed a three-year contract on a free transfer for Sheffield Wednesday on 25 July 2013. On 3 August 2013, Nuhiu scored on his debut against Queens Park Rangers. Nuhiu also scored in the comprehensive 6–0 win over Leeds United on 11 January 2014. On 1 March 2014 he scored against Middlesbrough from penalty spot in a match finished in the victory 1–0. On 12 April 2014, Nuhiu scored twice to give his team a 3–3 draw against Blackburn Rovers, where he was included in the starting line up and scored respectively the 2nd goal in the 72nd minute and the 3rd in the 5th minute of second-half stoppage time. Nuhiu scored in the next consecutive fixture on 17 April 2014 against AFC Bournemouth finished in the victory 2–4, where Nuhiu scored the opening goal of the match in the 16th minute. He continued his scoring form for another consecutive match, as he scored in the 3–2 home defeat of Sheffield Wednesday against Charlton Athletic on 21 April 2014, where Nuhiu scored a quick goal in the 3rd minute and also gave the assist for the second goal scored by Chris Maguire in the 8th minute.

2014–15 season
On 23 August 2014, Nuhiu scored twice in the 2–3 victory against Middlesbrough, helping the team to extended their unbeaten Championship start to four matches. On the last day of the season, Nuhiu scored an important stoppage-time equalizer which meant opponents Watford came second and Bournemouth won the league. During this season, Nuhiu was Sheffield Wednesday's top scorer with 11 goals in all competitions.

2017–18 season
On the final day of the 2017–18 season, Sheffield Wednesday defeated Norwich 5–1 for the second successive year in a row and in that game Wednesday won a penalty in the remaining minutes of the game and Nuhiu scored and completed the hat-trick and got his first hat-trick in his professional footballing career. That goal made Nuhiu Wednesday's top scorer at the end of the season. In May 2018, he signed a 2 year contract extension running through May 2020; Nuhiu left Wednesday after the end of the 2019-2020 season.

APOEL
On 11 September 2020, it was announced that he had signed for Cypriot club APOEL. After one season his contracted was terminated on 18 June 2021.

Rheindorf Altach
On 30 June 2021, Nuhiu signed a two-year contract with Rheindorf Altach, marking his return to the Austrian Bundesliga. He made his competitive debut on 17 July, in the first round of the 2021–22 edition of the Austrian Cup, also scoring his first goal in a surprising 2–1 loss to third-tier Regionalliga side SC Kalsdorf. He made his league debut in a 1–0 defeat to LASK at home a week later on 24 July, where he played 63 minutes before being replaced by Noah Bischof. His first goal came against his former club Rapid Wien on 15 August, a converted penalty-kick in injury time to secure a 2–1 win.

International career

Nuhiu has played for the Austria U21 side, however on 10 September 2009 he made declarations to the media that he would not play for Austria, but rather for Albania as it is his dream to play for his own nation. In addition, when he scored two goals against the Albanian U21s in a qualifier match, he refused to celebrate. On that occasion he was wearing red-and-black boots to honor Albania. In an interview in April 2014, Nuhiu declared that it is his only intention to play for Austria, although he admitted that he had been in talks with other associations previously. On 7 November 2014, Nuhiu reiterated his desire to play for Austria, should a call-up arise.

On 18 November 2010, Nuhiu stated in an interview to the media that the problem with playing for Albania was citizenship, as he had Austrian citizenship and to receive Albanian citizenship he needed to give it up, as Austria did not permit dual citizenship. Media reported that he was called by the coach of Albania, Gianni de Biasi, for the friendly match against Armenia, on 14 August, but De Biasi did not include him in the final call up. However, on 20 August 2013 media reported that Nuhiu had started the procedures to get an Albanian passport in order to be able to represent the senior Albania national team in the future.

Kosovo
On 19 September 2014, Nuhiu returned declaring that he would play for Kosovo, when it was fully recognised by UEFA and FIFA. On 20 September 2016, Muharrem Sahiti, the assistant manager of Kosovo, said that Nuhiu was in Kosovo to complete the procedures of the Kosovo passport. On 4 January 2017, Nuhiu announced that he had received Kosovo citizenship and is ready for the next challenge. On 20 March 2017, he received a call-up from Kosovo for a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Iceland, made his début after being named in the starting line-up and scored his side's only goal during a 2–1 defeat.

On 16 May 2021, Nuhiu through an Instagram post announced his international retirement. He collected 19 caps between 2017 and 2020 for Kosovo and scored three goals.

Personal life
Atdhe Nuhiu was born on 29 July 1989 in Pristina, Kosovo to Albanian parents originally from Preševo.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Kosovo's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Nuhiu goal.

|-
|style="text-align:center"|1
|24 March 2017
|Loro Boriçi Stadium, Shkodër, Albania
|
|style="text-align:center"|1–2
|style="text-align:center"|1–2
|2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|2
|10 September 2018
|Fadil Vokrri Stadium, Pristina, Kosovo
|
|style="text-align:center"|2–0
|style="text-align:center"|2–0
|2018–19 UEFA Nations League D3
|
|-
|style="text-align:center"|3
|14 November 2019
|Doosan Arena, Plzeň, Czech Republic
|
|style="text-align:center"|1–0
|style="text-align:center"|1–2
|UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying
|
|}

References

External links

Sheffield Wednesday profile

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Pristina
Kosovo Albanians
Kosovan emigrants to Austria
Austrian people of Kosovan descent
Austrian people of Albanian descent
Men's association football forwards
Kosovan men's footballers
Kosovo men's international footballers
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's youth international footballers
Austria men's under-21 international footballers
FC Wels players
SK Austria Kärnten players
SV Ried players
SK Rapid Wien players
SC Rheindorf Altach players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Eskişehirspor footballers
Süper Lig players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
English Football League players
APOEL FC players
Cypriot First Division players
Austrian expatriate men's footballers
Kosovan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Kosovan expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in England
Kosovan expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus


A Tan and Sandy Silence (1971) is the thirteenth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot begins with Harry Broll, husband of McGee's longtime friend Mary, shows up at his houseboat The Busted Flush with a gun, threatening McGee and accusing him of hiding Mary aboard. The rest of the novel involves McGee's search for Mary.

Themes

The title phase, "A Tan and Sandy Silence" is not mentioned verbatim in the book.  However, the title is referenced on Page 191 of the first edition, "...a message without sound.  A sandy, tan farewell."

McGee's sidekick, Meyer, plays a frequent, but small part in this book as McGee assumes a different identity, "Gavin Lee" while spending most of the book away from his normal home in Slip F-18 at Bahia Mar Yacht Basin in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in favor of the hot April climate of the island nation of Grenada near Grand Anse Beach.

References

1971 American novels
Travis McGee (novel series)


The Illinois Festival of Racing, held at Hawthorne Race Course in Stickney/Cicero, Illinois, is a series of six horse races run for and restricted to Illinois (conceived or foaled) state-bred Thoroughbred race horses.  The event usually takes place in November just after the Breeders' Cup series.

The Six Races

References

 Hawthorn Race Course

Horse races in Illinois
Racing series for horses


Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti (30 November 1946 – 30 October 1994) was a Pakistani television and a radio host, college professor and a TV program  announcer.

Early life and career
Dildar Parvaiz Bhatti was born on 30 November 1946. His early education was in Gujranwala Pakistan. Dildar received many trophies by winning debating competitions throughout his school and college period. After finishing masters in English Literature, Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti started his career as an English lecturer at Government College, Sahiwal. Within a year, he relocated back to his home city Lahore, working at Government College University, Lahore. His second career in entertainment industry started from Radio Pakistan in the early 1970s, where he hosted a program called Sohni Dharti. The transition from radio to TV didn't take long. He tried his hand at acting in TV drama series at Pakistan Television Corporation shows as well as at live news reading.  He soon realised that news reading and acting was not for him and got the opportunity to host a university challenge style TV show, "Takra" which made him a household name. His unique hosting style and quick-wittedness made him well known in Pakistan and overseas.

He kept his two careers going side by side successfully without compromising one for the other. He also wrote daily columns and worked with different newspapers. He also wrote books Amna Samna, Dildarian and Dilbar Dildar. Dildar Pervaiz compared many live entertainment shows presenting various talented artists of Pakistan. The live shows prominent Pakistani artists included Afshan Begum, Tarannum Naz, Rajab Ali, Shujat Ali Bobby, Shahida Aziz, Shaukat Ali, A. Nayyar, Akhlaq Ahmed, Surriya Khanum, Masood Rana and Naheed Akhtar.

Television shows
1 - Takra in Punjabi language (1974 – 1983)

2 -  Yadish Bakhair (1984 – 1986)

3 - A quiz program for young adults, "Jawan Fikar" in Urdu (1986 – 1988)

4 -  "Mela" (1987 – 1990)

Death and legacy

In 1994, Bhatti was attending several fund raising events with Imran Khan in United Kingdom, Canada and the United States to help him raise funds for this cancer hospital in honor of Imran Khan's late mother. He was one of the key persons to raise funds for this cancer hospital from the day of inception assisting Imran Khan. On 30 October 1994, after performing in 5 different cities of US, he was in New York City. Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti died after suffering brain haemorrhage. A ward of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre was later named Dildar Ward in his honour.

See also
 List of Lollywood actors

References

1946 births
1994 deaths
Punjabi people
Pakistani radio presenters
Pakistani television hosts
People from Gujranwala
Radio personalities from Lahore


In his historic paper entitled "The Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence," Roy J. Glauber set a solid foundation for the quantum electronics/quantum optics enterprise. The experimental development of the optical maser and later laser at that time had made the classical concept of optical coherence inadequate. Glauber started from the quantum theory of light detection by considering the process of photoionization in which a photodetector is triggered by an ionizing absorption of a photon. In the quantum theory of radiation, the electric field operator in the Coulomb gauge may be written as the sum of positive and negative frequency parts

where

One may expand  in terms of the normal modes as follows:

where  are the unit vectors of polarization; this expansion has the same form as the classical expansion except that now the field amplitudes  are operators.

Glauber showed that, for an ideal photodetector situated at a point  in a radiation field, the probability of observing a photoionization event in this detector between time  and  is proportional to , where

and  specifies the state of the field. Since the radiation field is a quantum-mechanical one, we do not know the exact properties of the incident light, and the probability should be averaged, as in the classical theory, to be proportional to

where the angular brackets mean an average over the light field. The significance of the quantum theory of coherence is in the ordering of the creation and destruction operators  and :

Since  is not equal to  for a light field, the order makes the quantum statistical measurements (such as photon counting) quite different from the classical ones, i.e., the nonclassical properties of light, such as photon antibunching.

Moreover, Glauber's theory of photodetection is of far-reaching fundamental significance to interpretation of quantum mechanics. The Glauber detection theory differs from the Born probabilistic interpretation, in that it expresses the meaning of physical law in terms of measured facts (relationships), counting events in the detection processes, without assuming the particle model of matter. These concepts quite naturally lead to a relational approach to quantum physics.

References

Quantum optics


U-162 may refer to one of the following German submarines:

 , a Type U 93 submarine launched in 1918; served in World War I until surrendered on 20 November 1918; became the French submarine  until 27 January 1937; broken up
 , a Type IXC submarine that served in World War II until sunk on 3 September 1943

Submarines of Germany


Richard Arthur Longman is a British racing driver and renowned motorsport preparation expert. He was twice champion of the British Touring Car Championship (then known as the British Saloon Car Championship) in 1978 and 1979 driving a Mini 1275 GT for Patrick Motorsport, which ran the works British Leyland supported team. The following year he switched to a class C Ford Fiesta. In 1984 he was class C champion in his Ford Escort Mk3 RS1600i.

He also has a house in the Bahamas as well as property in the New Forest, Hampshire.

Racing record

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

† Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.

References

English racing drivers
British Touring Car Championship drivers
British Touring Car Championship Champions
Living people
1946 births


The Episcopal Diocese of Oregon is a diocese of the Episcopal Church which consists of the western portion of the State of Oregon bordered by the Pacific Ocean, the Columbia River, the Cascade Range and the Oregon–California border. Major cities in the diocese are Portland, Salem, Eugene and Medford. The diocese is a part of Province VIII of the Episcopal Church.

The seat of the diocese is Trinity Episcopal Cathedral, Portland, Oregon.

Michael Joseph Hanley was elected tenth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Oregon at the diocese's annual convention on November 30, 2009. He was ordained to the episcopate and installed on April 10, 2010.

Diana Akiyama was elected eleventh bishop of the diocese on August 28, 2020. She was consecrated on January 30, 2021, at the Trinity Episcopal Cathedral, Portland, Oregon. She is the first Japanese-American woman to be ordained a bishop in The Episcopal Church.

Bishops of Oregon

For more information on the bishops who have served the Episcopal Diocese of Oregon, see the diocesan website https://diocese-oregon.org/about/history/

Suffragan and assisting bishops
 Hal Raymond Gross, Suffragan Bishop, 1965–1979
 Sandy (Sanford Zangwill Kaye) Hampton, Assisting Bishop, 2008–2010 (previously Suffragan Bishop of Minnesota 1989–1996 and Assistant Bishop of Olympia, 1996–2003)

References

External links
Official Homepage
Journal of the Annual Convention, Diocese of Oregon

Episcopal Church in Oregon
Oregon, Episcopal Diocese of
Province 8 of the Episcopal Church (United States)


U-163 may refer to one of the following German submarines:

 , a Type U 93 submarine launched in 1918; served in World War I until surrendered on 22 November 1918; broken up at La Spezia in August 1919
 , a Type IXC submarine that served in World War II until sunk on 13 March 1943

Submarines of Germany


Best of 2Pac is a posthumous greatest hits compilation series from rapper Tupac Shakur released in two parts – Thug and Life. Both albums were released on December 4, 2007 in the United States and December 3, 2007 in the United Kingdom, having had been leaked on November 30. As of September 2011, more than 212,399 copies of Thug have been sold in the United States, while Life has sold more than 135,249.

Best of 2Pac, Part 1: Thug

Best of 2Pac, Part 1: Thug is a posthumously released compilation album which is the first part of Best of 2Pac. It is sold separately from part 2 and was released on December 4, 2007. It consists mostly of songs released before his death.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Best of 2Pac, Part 2: Life

Best of 2Pac, Part 2: Life is a posthumously released compilation album which is the second part of Best of 2Pac. It is sold separately from part 1 and was released on December 4, 2007. It consists mostly of songs released after his death.

Track listing

Charts

Certifications

References

External links
  – the official website, operated by Tupac Shakur's estate

2007 greatest hits albums
Compilation albums published posthumously
Compilation album series
Tupac Shakur compilation albums
Albums produced by Johnny "J"
Albums produced by Jake One
Gangsta rap compilation albums


David Ofei  (born June 7, 1989) is a Ghanaian football player who plays in Ghana for  Amidaus Professionals.

Career
The attacking midfielder started his career with Tromeso (near Wenchi) based club Young Sparrows. In summer 2004 left Tromeso and joined to Great Olympics, which loaned him in the Spring 2007 to lower league side Okwaho Mountains. After one season returned to Great Olympics, which sold him now to New Edubiase FC. On 1 July 2011 left New Edubiase United and signed with Ghana Premier League champion Asante Kotoko SC. He played two years with Asante, before signed on 1. September 2013 for League rival Amidaus Professionals.

International
Ofei was member of the Ghana U-17 at African U-17 Championship 2005 in Gambia.

References

1989 births
Living people
Ghanaian men's footballers
New Edubiase United F.C. players
Accra Great Olympics F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Asante Kotoko S.C. players