Alfonsina Strada (16 March 1891 – 13 September 1959) was an Italian cyclist, the only woman to have ridden one of cycling's three major stage races. She started in the Giro d'Italia in 1924 when the organisers mistook her for a man. Newspapers called her The Devil in a dress.

Her racing career included an Italian record which lasted 26 years. She died aged 69 as she propped up her motorcycle after riding it to a bicycle race.

Early life
Born Alfonsina Morini at Castelfranco Emilia, near Modena, she was the daughter of a peasant family. Her father was a day labourer, her mother a wet nurse. One account says her house was a windowless shack through which chickens ran; another says she was one of 24 living there. Further reports speak of her family considering her passion for cycling to have been the work of the devil, that it had the evil eye. Some reports say that she was one of eight children; others that she was one of 10, with eight brothers; still others that she had 10 brothers. Her living conditions as a child may have been romanticised by reporters and gone unexamined as her legend grew.

According to lore, Morini grew up a tomboy, playing with her brothers and their friends and riding her father's bicycle until she was 10 and her father bought her a bike in exchange for chickens. Romantic accounts say that villagers crossed themselves as she rode past, dressed and behaving more like a boy than a girl. Her mother is said to have pressed her to become a seamstress.

She rode her first race at about 13, winning a live pig. She won nearly all the girls' races she entered and many of the boys' events. Her reputation brought an invitation to ride the Grand Prix of St Petersburg in Russia in 1909. She was such a success that the Tsarina Alexandra⋅wanted her husband, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, to give her a gold medal.

In 1911 she went to Moncalieri, now in the southern suburbs of Turin, and set an hour record of 37.192 km. The status of the record is uncertain. It appears to have stood since 1905 but some reports say that Morini wasn't credited with her distance because her ride had been considered unladylike. Since that wouldn't have been an issue had she simply improved the women's record, there's a suggestion that she may also have broken a male record, perhaps a regional one, and it was that which she was denied. Her distance stood for 26 years.

She won 36 races against men and became the friend of riders such as Costante Girardengo. She raced at Bologna and Paris and twice rode the Giro di Lombardia at a time when it was open to all. She finished 32nd and last in the 1917 race, an hour and 34 minutes behind the Belgian Philippe Thys. She completed the 204 km course in 8h 32m. She rode again in 1918 and finished 21st, ahead of several men.

Marriage
In 1915, when 24, Morini married Luigi Strada, a metal plater and engraver, who was also a rider and racer. He gave her a new racing bike with dropped bars as a present. The couple moved to Milan, where Alfonsina rode on the velodrome as Luigi acted as her trainer.

1924 Giro d'Italia

Strada's ride in the Giro d'Italia came about through a disagreement between the organiser, Emilio Colombo of Gazzetta dello Sport, and the top riders of the day. The riders refused to take part. Colombo did what the Tour de France had done and offered places to whoever wanted to ride. Gazzetta dello Sport promised to pay their bills, their hotels and their food. It offered places for 90 riders and promised 600 chickens, 750 kg of other meat, 4,800 bananas and 720 eggs. But there would be no managers, no masseurs, no mechanics and no team cars.

Strada entered as "Strada, Alfonsin." The absence of a final "o" or "a" to her first name hid her gender. She was accepted as number 72 and, assuming her to be a man, journalists began writing of Alfonsino. The truth emerged the day before the start and by then it was too late.

She came 74th on the first day, an hour behind the leader but not badly by the standard of the day, when riders could be separated by hours. She finished 50th of 65 between Genoa and Florence and survived as far as Naples. Then the weather turned. A gale blew, rain poured, mud and rocks swept across the road. Strada was among many who crashed. Her handlebar snapped and she stood by the roadside until a peasant snapped a broomstick to jam in the hole. She rode on with one side of her bar of steel and the other made from a broomstick but finished outside the time limit.

Radio Marconi said The Foggia-L'Aquila – 7th stage was 304 km, which was bad enough because the southern Italian roads at this time were nearly impassable. They were not paved, and were rocky and icy too. The mountain pass was so terrible that the riders could not get their bikes through the mire and mess on their own and almost all the participants were towed part way by motorcycles and cars. Alfonsina suffered terribly on this stage. She fell on a descent and had to ride many more hours using her bruised, scraped and swollen knee.

The race referees excluded her because she was out of time. The organiser, Colombo, couldn't stop them from applying his own rules but by then spectators were waiting to see her and her rides were producing stories for his reporters.  Some reports say that Colombo had to balance sentiment, commercial benefit, the political climate and Italian fascism's intolerance of her challenge to machismo. Colombo let her ride on as an individual, paying her bills but excluding her from prizes.

The next day was to Fiume, where a crowd lifted her from her bicycle and carried her in triumph when she finished in tears from pain and exhaustion 25 minutes after the time limit. It motivated her to continue to Milan. Only 38 completed the race and Strada, although no longer formally in the running, finished more than 20 hours ahead of Telesforo Benaglia, the maglia nera. She finished 28 hours behind the winner, 30-year-old Giuseppe Enrici of Piedmont. However, almost an hour separated Enrici from his runner-up, Federico Gay, so it was hardly a close-run race. With two riders finishing behind her, Strada won 50,000 lire for her efforts.

Later career
Strada was never allowed to ride the Giro again, but she followed it for several years and earned the respect of the journalist Armando Cougnet, Giardini, Colombo, Cattaneo, Lattuarda, Costante Girardengo, as well as of other journalists and competitors. She rode exhibition races throughout Italy, Spain, France, Luxembourg and before Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in Saint Petersburg. In 1937, in Paris, she defeated the French champion, Robin.

In 1938 she set the female world record for the hour, covering 32.58 km at Longchamp, Paris, a record beaten in 1955 by Tamara Novikova of the Soviet Union

The Italian writer Dino Buzzati wrote that, as a boy riding in a park in Milan, he saw Strada and managed to stay with her for two laps before "exploding". He said that after that she shot off down the path like an arrow.

Personal life and death

Luigi Strada died in 1946. In 1950 Strada married Carlo Messori, a retired racing cyclist, and they opened a bicycle shop on Via Varesina in Milan. He started to write her biography but he died in 1957 before it was completed and she closed the shop.

She lived alone in Milan for her last years, riding to her shop every day until cycling grew too tiring. She sold some of her medals and trophies and bought a scarlet Moto Guzzi 500cc motorbike. In September 1959 she rode this to the Tre Valli Varesine professional race. The motorbike fell off its stand when she got home. The weight was too much for her and she had a heart attack as she and the Moto Guzzi fell to the ground. She was dead by the time she reached hospital.

Her bicycle is among the collection at the Madonna del Ghisallo chapel close to Lake Como in Italy.

Memories of Alfonsina Strada
In 2010 the Italian band Têtes de bois published the song "Alfonsina e la bici" dedicated to Alfonsina Strada.

The videoclip of the song has the Italian astrophysicist Margherita Hack starring as Alfonsina Strada.

The 2023 Giro Donne cycling race included a mid-race sprint named in honor of Strada, during stage 3 of the 9-stage classic.

Sources

References

External links
Image of Alfonsina Strada at Radio Marconi
Image of Alfonsina Strada

Videoclip of Têtes de bois's song Alfonsina e la bici

1891 births
1959 deaths
Italian female cyclists
People from Castelfranco Emilia
Cyclists from Emilia-Romagna
Sportspeople from the Province of Modena


Rupavati (pronounced rūpavati, meaning the beautiful one) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 12th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is one of the few rāgams given the same name by the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 6th rāgam in the 2nd chakra Netra. The mnemonic name is Netra-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gi ma pa dhu nu. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:

The notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham and kakali nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampurna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Divyamani, which is the 48th melakarta scale.

Asampurna Melakarta
Rupavati is also the original name given to the 12th Melakarta in the list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the scales are svarantara-shadava raga (4 notes in ascending scale and 6 are used in descending scale).
:
:

Janya rāgams
Rupavati has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Rupavati scale.

Compositions
Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Rupavati.
Ne more bettina by Thyagaraja
Sri Krishna bhajare by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Paalayamaam Sree Parvatha Nandini by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Rupavati's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, does not yield any melakarta rāgam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Children, Mother, and the General (, and also released as Sons, Mothers, and a General) is a 1955 West German war film directed by László Benedek and starring Hilde Krahl, Therese Giehse and Ewald Balser. The film was not a popular success, possibly because its anti-war perspective clashed with support for German rearmament and membership in NATO.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Kettelhut and Johannes Ott. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg. Location filming took place on Lüneburg Heath.

Cast
 Hilde Krahl as Helene Asmussen
 Ewald Balser as General
 Therese Giehse as Elfriede Bergmann
 Ursula Herking as Dr. Behrens, Ärztin
 Alice Treff as Pastorin
 Beate Koepnick as Inge
 Marianne Sinclair as Näherin
 Adi Lödel as Harald Asmussen
 Dieter Straub as Leo Bergmann
 Holger Hildmann as Sohn der Ärztin
 Karl-Michael Kuntz as Edmund, Sohn der Pastorin
 Walter Lehfeld as Werner, Sohn der Näherin
 Peter Burger as Robert, Inges Bruder
 Bernhard Wicki as Hauptmann Dornberg
 Claus Biederstaedt as Verpflegungsgefreiter
 Rudolf Fernau as Stabsarzt
 Hans Christian Blech as Feldwebel mit den Orden
 Klaus Kinski as Leutnant
 Maximilian Schell as Deserteur
 Alfred Schieske as Fahrer mit der Flasche

References

Bibliography
 Hake, Sabine. German National Cinema. Routledge, 2013.

External links

1955 films
1955 war films
1950s German-language films
German war films
West German films
Films directed by László Benedek
Eastern Front of World War II films
Films based on German novels
German black-and-white films
Films produced by Erich Pommer
Films shot at Bavaria Studios
Films shot at Wandsbek Studios
German World War II films
1950s German films


Southern Freeez may refer to:
 Southern Freeez (album), an album by jazz-funk band Freeez
 "Southern Freeez" (song), a song by Freeez from the album


Gayakapriya (pronounced gāyakapriya) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 13th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.

It is called Geyahejjujji in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 1st rāgam in the 3rd chakra Agni. The mnemonic name is Agni-Pa. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu ma pa dha na. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:
(the notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, shuddha nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Dhavalambari, which is the 49th melakarta.

Asampurna Melakarta
Geyahejjujji is the 13th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the ascending scale is different and vakra (zig-zag usage of notes in phrases of the scale). It is an shadava-sampurna raga (6 notes in ascending scale, while full 7 are used in descending scale).
:
:

Janya rāgams
Gayakapriya has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Kalagada is heard occasionally in concerts. See List of janya rāgams to see all the rāgams associated with Gayakapriya.

Compositions
Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Gayakapriya.
Nada nilai by Koteeswara Iyer
Sri Mahavishnum by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna

Muthuswami Dikshitar's composition Ramachandra bhakthum is set to Geyahejjujji rāgam.

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Gayakapriya's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields a minor melakarta rāgam Dhatuvardani. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Gayakapriya.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


7 Wonders of the Ancient World is a puzzle video game. It was developed by Hot Lava Games' Russian studio and published by MumboJumbo in February 2007. The PSP version of 7 Wonders of the Ancient World was released on the PlayStation Store in April 2009.

Gameplay
Players take the task of reconstructing the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. In each wonder, there are 5 to 7 sub-levels of runes that players switch to form a row of 3 or more runes. There are two modes of play: Free Play and Quest Mode. In Free Play, players can choose to play any level they have completed in Quest Mode.

Reception

7 Wonders of the Ancient World received mixed reviews from critics upon release. On Metacritic, the game holds scores of 60/100 for the DS version based on 7 reviews, and 51/100 for the PSP version based on 10 reviews. On GameRankings, the game holds scores of 62.17% for the DS version based on 6 reviews, and 55.27% for the PSP version based on 11 reviews.

Sequels
In 2007, the first sequel of 7 Wonders of the Ancient World was released as 7 Wonders II. None of the sequels to 7 Wonders of the Ancient World were released on PlayStation 2 or PlayStation Portable, but 7 Wonders II was released for the Nintendo DS in 2010. The next sequel in the 7 Wonders series of games was 7 Wonders: Treasures of Seven, which was released in 2008 and released on the DS in 2011. 7 Wonders: Magical Mystery Tour was the next game in the series released in 2011 only on PC. The final game in the series was 7 Wonders: Ancient Alien Makeover released in 2012 only on PC. Due to the dwindling market of retail PC games in the United States, 7 Wonders Ancient Alien Makeover was only released digitally in the USA, although it was released physically in Europe as a collector's edition.

References

External links

2007 video games
MumboJumbo games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Puzzle video games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Russia
Windows games


This is the complete list of the characters of seaQuest DSV, renamed seaQuest 2032 during its third and final season. The series went through significant cast changes after every season it was on the air.

Table of main cast members

First season main characters

Captain Nathan Bridger
Captain Nathan Hale Bridger (Roy Scheider; main seasons 1 & 2, recurring season 3) is the commanding officer of both UEO submarines named seaQuest DSV and the designer of the boats in the show's first two seasons. Scheider became displeased with the direction of the series during the second season, as well as the "episodic" nature of the series (he believed that the show should contain long-running story and character arcs) and chose to exit the series at the end of the second season. For season 3, he was replaced by actor Michael Ironside, who portrayed Captain Oliver Hudson, although he continued to appearas a guest in season 3. "Good Soldiers", which was the character's last appearance, originally did not include Bridger at all; Scheider's character was written into the script in order to fulfill contractual obligations.

Dr. Kristin Westphalen
Dr. Kristin Westphalen (Stephanie Beacham; season 1) was a Physical oceanography and the Chief Medical Officer of the seaQuest and leader of the science team aboard the ship. Before joining seaQuest, Dr. Westphalen had attempted to contact Nathan Bridger in the name of scientific research, however, she was informed that he was incommunicado. The two of them did not meet on the best of terms as Bridger, still in civilian clothing, snickered at her diatribe against Commander Ford, leading her to accuse him of being a stowaway. The two gradually formed a working relationship as Bridger assumed command of the vessel and put emphasis on the scientific mission of the seaQuest over the military one.

Lucas Wolenczak
Lucas Wolenczak (Jonathan Brandis) was born in Danbury, Connecticut, USA  and afterwards his family moved to Buffalo. Lucas was a highly intelligent teenager who graduated magna-cum-laude with a degree in Applied Science of Artificial Intelligence from Stanford University, achieving a GPA that has been unbroken. When his parents divorced, Lucas' father, Dr. Wolenczak, one of the world's most valued scientists, was able to pull some strings allowing Lucas to serve aboard the seaQuest DSV as part of the boat's scientific contingent. After the events with the space war and Captain Bridger leaving to be with his grandson, Lucas was not welcome as a civilian on the SeaQuest under the new Captain so he chose to enlist in the Navy to become a UEO officer. He is referred to as Ensign (O1 rank) throughout the final season of the show.

Commander Jonathan Ford
Commander Jonathan Devin Ford (Don Franklin) comes from a very financially well off family, his father owning "Ford Freeport: Aquacultural Engineering", one of the largest undersea farming companies in the world. He had a bad relationship with his father and brother. In 2022 a sharp raise in the temperature of the water in the South Atlantic, caused by an undersea mining operation, a deinosuchus (gigantic prehistoric crocodile) thawed out and was threatening the local ecosystem and the life of the local people. With the help of his family they stopped the creature and settled their differences. Ford's father decided to take a year off from work and give Jonathan's younger brother Ben the run of the company. His mother is deceased.

The character of Ford was originally supposed to have a far different background, originally having him been a poor kid from Chicago who joined the navy to get away from his gang life after witnessing the death of his older brother. Since this was never established in the first year (except for the novelization of the pilot episode and non canon sources such as the others novels and an issue of the comic) it was disregarded for the rest of the series.

Lieutenant Commander Katherine Hitchcock
Lieutenant Commander Katherine Hitchcock (Stacy Haiduk; season 1) was the Chief Engineer of the seaQuest DSV 4600 following her refit in 2018. While at the naval academy, she, along with Benjamin Krieg, were top of their class, and were eventually wed. However, the marriage only lasted a year. Being Chief Engineer, Hitchcock was also third in command aboard the seaQuest and was placed in command in several occasions, such as the Liberté space station incident where Commander Ford had been infected with an unknown virus and was unable to perform his duties.

Lieutenant Benjamin Krieg
Lieutenant Benjamin Krieg (John D'Aquino; main season 1, guest season 3) served as seaQuest`s supply and morale officer. He had previously attended the naval academy with Captain Bridger's son Robert and with Katherine Hitchcock, whom he was later wed to for a year. While at the academy, he painted the homecoming mule pink, something that Captain Bridger later found amusing. Krieg had aspirations of a command at sea, but, he never was able to fulfill that dream. Krieg was involved in a few minor transgressions during his tour of duty, such as attempting to extort an Arctic research outpost by selling them thermal underwear at an inflated price, as well as sneaking two pounds of outlawed ground beef aboard the boat with the intention of making a real cheeseburger.

Lieutenant JG Tim O'Neill
Lieutenant JG Tim O'Neill (Ted Raimi) was the communications officer of the seaQuest DSV 4600, originally serving under Captain Marilyn Stark. He remained aboard the boat after she had been relieved of duty and the seaQuest was refitted to serve as more of a research vessel. O'Neill specialized in foreign languages, was fluent in at least a dozen and could adequately speak several others. He also shared some sort of unknown psychic link with Darwin which allowed him to sense when Darwin was ill. A religious man since childhood, O'Neill was taught to believe that evolution topped out with mankind and had a difficult time believing in intelligent life on other planets, although, secretly wished that it existed.

The character of O'Neill was originally supposed to be a character named Garry Stephen Bachmann from Ottawa, Canada. This was then changed to be a woman named MacKenna O'Neill, then the character was changed back to a male and renamed "Mack O'Neill". This name was used right up until filming was to begin, name tags designed for his uniforms that read "M. O'Neill" are known to exist before it was ultimately changed to "Tim".

Chief Manilow Crocker
Chief Manilow Crocker (Royce D. Applegate; season 1) was on the brink of retirement when Admiral Noyce personally asked him to sign aboard seaQuest when it was put back to sea in 2018. Crocker had served together with Captain Bridger before and, as a result, didn't regret his decision to serve one more tour with his old friend. As Chief of Security aboard seaQuest, Crocker was responsible for the safety of all aboard. On more than one occasion, he was ordered to board enemy vessels and colonies to take the occupants into custody. Crocker was also the first Human being to lay eyes on an actual alien when the seaQuest found an ancient alien starship entombed in an underwater rock face. The alien fired at Crocker, but, it was merely a method of transportation which moved Crocker to a holding area aboard the alien ship, before finally returning him to seaQuest.

Sensor Chief Miguel Ortiz
Sensor Chief Miguel Ortiz (Marco Sanchez; seasons 1 & 2) was a member of seaQuest's original crew under Captain Stark. After she was relieved of duty, he stayed on, serving again under Nathan Bridger's command. As the Sensor Chief, Ortiz was responsible for controlling the boat's WSKRs (Wireless Sea Knowledge Retrieval Satellites) and was also involved in various away missions. He could understand Spanish and had a knowledge of Greek mythology, particularly that of Atlantis. He was eventually killed when the Seaquest‘s crew got involved in the Hyperion civil war.

The character that ultimately became Ortiz underwent two radical changes before becoming what it did. First he was a man named Drew and then was changed to being the son of a rich Vietnamese family named Ngyuen Ky before settling on making him Cuban, the name originally being Mundo Ortiz.

Darwin
Darwin is a dolphin. He is able to communicate to the crew through the assistance of a translation device known as the vo-corder, and to navigate throughout the Seaquest via a series of water-filled access tunnels leading to the ship's moon pool openings, where he could interact more directly with the rest of the crew. Before accepting command of the Seaquest, Nathan Bridger, while living on an island, befriended and began working on communicating with and training Darwin, using hand-signals to communicate. The two were close friends, and even in his capacity as captain, Bridger often referred to him as "My dolphin", treating him at times like a very fond pet, and at other times like an equal, even diverting the ship from a research mission in order to seek medical assistance when Darwin became sick, citing that he was a member of the crew just as much as anyone else.

Second season main characters

Dr. Wendy Smith
Dr. Wendy Smith (Rosalind Allen; season 2) came aboard the seaQuest DSV 4600 II in 2021 after the first seaQuest had been destroyed by Captain Nathan Bridger the previous year in an attempt to seal a lava pool that threatened to melt the world's polar caps. When Dr. Kristin Westphalen elected not to sign aboard the new seaQuest, Dr. Smith won the most coveted medical position in the UEO, that of the Chief Medical Officer of the flagship. She was a licensed parapsychologist and had ESP. Smith was eventually killed when the Seaquest‘s crew got involved in the Hyperion civil war.

The character of Dr. Smith was originally two different characters; Diane Page, a 35 year old African American Ph.D and Wendy Woo, a 25 year old M.D. The producers of the show originally wanted Tamara Tunie and Kelly Hu respectively.

Kathy Evison originally auditioned for the role of Dr. Smith. Although she didn't get the role of Smith the shows Producers liked her enough to hire her and created a new character, Lonnie Henderson, for her to play.

The episode "Alone", which focused extensively on Dr. Smith's powers, infuriated actor Edward Kerr (Brody) to the point that he stormed off the set and did not appear in the episode.

Lieutenant James Brody
Lieutenant James Brody (Edward Kerr; seasons 2 & 3), at the age of three, was involved with his mother in a murder cover-up at the (accidental) hands of Franklin Thomas. Contracting the P-Core A virus, Brody's mother was place in cryogenic suspension and he was sent to live with his grandparents, who "let (him) get away with murder. After joining the navy, Brody led a stealth invasion during the North Korean Crisis in 2010, which Captain Bridger considered to be a "nifty piece of work". At some point in his life, Brody sired a son with a woman. However, being a career-military and a private man, Brody never told any of the seaQuest crew of that aspect of his life. He himself only found out about the then 10 year old boy after the ship returned from Hyperion and the mother of the boy decided to contact him after one of her parents had recently died.

Brody ultimately died later that year in a rescue mission to save Lieutenant Henderson from a Macronesian death sentence. His last words were "With your shield or on it." The two actors originally considered for the role of Brody were Dan Gauthier and Paul Gross.

Warrant Officer Anthony Piccolo
Anthony Piccolo (Michael DeLuise; seasons 2 & 3) first boarded the seaQuest as a Seaman in the episode Daggers, the first seaQuest DSV episode of the Second Season. He was an experimental ex con, let out from prison on an early release program where they conducted science experiments on volunteers. Piccolo was offered and then received a pair of genetically altered gills, allowing him to breathe underwater like a fish. He was put on seaQuest because that's where the parole board thought he would be most useful. One of Picollo's most important aspects, according to Producer Carleton Eastlake, is "he's also the most human of the whole crew, because he's really very unsophisticated."

Lieutenant JG Lonnie Henderson
Lieutenant Lenore "Lonnie" Ellen Henderson (Kathy Evison; seasons 2 & 3) signed aboard the seaQuest DSV-II as a helmsman in 2021. As a first generation naval officer, she was a bit rough around the edges in terms of proper protocol. She successfully was able to smuggle her stuffed bear Addison aboard seaQuest, much to the consternation of Commander Ford. Henderson initially showed an interest in Lieutenant O'Neill and the two spent some shore leave together. However, O'Neill was uncomfortable dating someone he served with and the two remained just friends. She also offered herself to Lucas Wolenczak when it was believed that he was going to die in a cavern.

Dagwood
Dagwood (Peter DeLuise; seasons 2 & 3) was the prototype G.E.L.F. He originally did not have a name, but, adopted the name "Dagwood" a joke, since G.E.L.F.s were also known as "Daggers". Dagwood was the imperfect prototype Dagger, intended as supersoldiers, but, he was reassigned to custodial duties, eventually being placed aboard the new seaQuest DSV in 2021. He proved his worth to the seaQuest crew almost immediately when he saved Lieutenant O'Neill's life when a large turbine collapsed on top of him, lifting the immense vent off of him. He was also able to convince Mariah, leader of the G.E.L.F. uprising that the G.E.L.F. baby was in fact a human.

Third season main characters

Captain Oliver Hudson
Captain Oliver Hudson (Michael Ironside) was the third commanding officer of the seaQuest after Captain Marilyn Stark and Captain Nathan Bridger. Hudson assumed command of the boat in 2032. After the seaQuest mysteriously disappeared off the face of the Earth in 2022, Hudson began a ten year search for the missing ship and crew while in command of a slow-moving, long-distance hauler, which he believed would give him the best chance of finding it. Hudson replaced Roy Scheider's Nathan Bridger as the star of the series for season 3. The producers wanted a character different from Bridger, so instead of being the relaxed fatherly figure Hudson had more of a military personality. Using some unused aspects from Bridgers original character profile in the season 1 writers bible Hudson enlisted in the US Navy as a way of rebelling against his father, the only onscreen evidence of this was an enlisted Good Conduct Medal on his ribbon bar. The aspects concerning his father would have been dealt with had the series not ended, in what would have been the 15th episode of the season, "Depths of Deceit".

Lieutenant J.J. Fredericks
Lieutenant J.J. Fredericks (Elise Neal) had served with Captain Hudson aboard the hauler he commanded prior to both of them signing aboard seaQuest. Hudson considered her his best student and believed that she dedicated her whole life to her duty. While training to pilot a Spectre-Demon class subfighter, Fredericks accidentally crashed it, almost drowning in the process. She became extremely fearful of ever piloting it again and since the UEO had invested so much in her training, they convinced her to wear a "psyche-implant"; a device that literally "programmed the scare out of her". The device also gave the UEO 24 hour access to every feeling that she had, but, she was willing to deal with the inherent humiliation in order to become the best subfighter pilot in the UEO. Unfortuntely, Larry Deon and President Alexander Bourne were able to gain access to her psyche-implant and reprogrammed it to coerce her to assassinate UEO Secretary General McGath. Thanks to the efforts of Lieutenant Brody and Ensign Wolenczak, Fredericks was able to fight against their programming and McGath's life was saved. Unfortunately, During the Seaquest‘s crew’s fight against the Chodai, Fredericks’ life was lost when her subfighter was destroyed.

Third season recurring characters
Dr. Perry (Karen Fraction) – When seaQuest returned to Earth in 2032 after mysteriously disappearing ten years earlier, Dr. Wendy Smith was among the fatalities suffered in the Hyperion Civil War the seaQuest was forced into in 2022. With no Chief Medical Officer, Dr. Perry signed aboard the ship as Smith's replacement. During her time on the ship she performed several important tasks that save countless lives. Dr. Perry and Lucas were able to synthesize a cure for a mutated viral strain that threatened the crew of seaQuest.
Lt. Commander Heiko Kimura (Julia Nickson) – A Chaodai sub fighter pilot that defected to the UEO in 2032 to warn them of the future threat posed by the Chaodai. She conducted an online relationship with Lt. O'Neill and used him to find the ship and get on board. When Tim confronted her about it later she told him that she didn't feel bad about tricking him, because the Chaodai represented a horror he couldn't imagine, and that he should have been glad to have his fantasy girl for as long as he did. Had the show continued she would have been a main character going forward.

UEO Personnel
Secretary General William Noyce (Richard Herd) – Ranked as admiral in the UEO navy, Noyce had served with Captain Bridger for many years prior to his appointment to seaQuest. Noyce was usually seaQuest`s liaison to UEO Headquarters and often relayed mission orders and other commands to the ship. Noyce had met future UEO secretary general Andrea Dre at Woodstock when his own car broke down. They remained friends for years afterwards. Noyce was made acting secretary general in the episode "The Last Lap at Luxury" following Dre's arrest for treason, forcing him into retirement from his military career. He appeared with the title in two earlier episodes, "The Stinger" and "Hide and Seek", suggesting the episodes were aired out of order.
Secretary General Arthur McGath (Michael Costello) – Replacing William Noyce as the Secretary General of the UEO, McGath was frequently in contact with the seaQuest to issue new orders and missions. Possessing a high amount of respect for Captain Bridger, McGath refused to relieve him of command when a gold helmet believed to be from Atlantis cursed Bridger and caused him to behave irrationally, claiming he didn't want the last thing on the captain's record to read "relieved of command by the Secretary General".
General Francis "Frank" Gideon Thomas (Jesse Doran) – A General seen in the US Army in 2019, then in the UEO Army as of 2021.  Thomas was involved in a murder cover-up in his early adulthood involving Alison Brody resulting in the death of her friend. Realizing that she would be able to testify against him, Thomas conspired with a corrupt doctor to infect her with a fatal virus so that she wouldn't be able to incriminate him. Years later, Alison Brody, who had been in cryogenic stasis since her infection, emerged from her sleep. Worried, Thomas had her kidnapped and planned to kill her once and for all. Lieutenant James Brody, her son and member of the seaQuest crew, was able to intercept the general and rescue his mother. Although Thomas' fate is unknown, it can be inferred that he was likely discharged from the military due to his actions and sentenced to prison.

seaQuest Crewmembers
Chief Carleton (Dan Hildebrand) – One of the Lead helmsman aboard seaQuest, Carleton came on board after Stark was removed from command but before Bridger assumed command. He was a main fixture on the bridge from 2018 to mid 2019. He was on duty when the boat was heavily damaged after a lightning bolt struck the ship's communication's buoy. He, along with the bridge crew, was able to reroute power from one of the ship's WSKRs, operate the vessel, and save a downed French submarine. Carleton eventually left the ship and was replaced in 2019 by Chief William Shan.
Lieutenant Dalton Phillips (Mark Fauser) – One of the weapons officers aboard the seaQuest, Phillips had served under the command of Captain Marilyn Stark prior to her dismissal as captain of the ship. When Bridger assumed command of the boat, Phillips remained on board.
Dr. Joshua Levin (Timothy Omundson) – A member of the seaQuest`s science and medical team. Assigned to the Aqua Sphere 7 outpost later that year, Levin, as well as the rest of the away team became infected with an unknown virus spread to the station by the sunken French space station Liberté. He, along with the rest of the away team were eventually cured and he remained onboard seaQuest for the rest of the year.
Chief William Shan (Dustin Nguyen) – One of the helmsman of the seaQuest, Shan was born in Brazil in one of the favelas prior to the newly formed Amazonian Confederation and is a descendant of Vietnamese boat people. He possesses extensive knowledge of his people's background and speaks Portuguese. A capable combat officer, Shan was often part of Chief Manilow Crocker's security teams.
Helmswoman Tyler (Dorian Field) – One of the helmsman of the seaQuest, Petty Officer Tyler joined the crew in early 2022, replacing Helmswoman Mackay. She faced some difficult situations during her tour on the ship. She was on duty when the UEO was being threatened by a powerful psychic, known as the Avatar, she was able to overcome the side effects caused by the "psychic battle" between Smith and the Avatar and keep control of the helm.

Scientists
Malcolm Lansdowne (Robert Engels) – A long-time friend of Nathan Bridger's, Malcolm Lansdowne maintained a dolphin research facility in the Caicos Key. When Darwin took ill during a mission to investigate a black smoker, Lansdowne was able to eventually determine that it was the bacteria in the smoker that had infected him in the first place. When Max Scully had attempted to thwart the efforts of whaling ships, he borrowed an extensive amount of money from Lansdowne in order to purchase an old-style  to combat the whalers.
Martinson Hologram (W. Morgan Sheppard), "The Old Man", is the holographic representation of Professor Martinson was designed to offer a sounding board to the ship's captain in the event of a crisis. Although the navy refused to install the program, Lucas brought him on-line nevertheless. During his first year as captain of the seaQuest, Bridger confided in Martinson frequently and the hologram was able to provide invaluable information as well. When environmental extremists captured seaQuest, Martinson was able to adequately distract one of them, allowing Lieutenant Krieg to lock him inside Bridger's quarters.
Dr. Raleigh Young (Roscoe Lee Browne) – A specialist in underwater volcanoes, Dr. Raleigh Young had developed a special "magma buoy" which could be launched into an undersea volcano and remain functional, despite the intense heat, which would allow researchers to know in weeks what originally would have taken years. Somewhat hypersensitive, Dr. Young could not understand why Captain Bridger would choose to worry about a sick dolphin rather than his important research. However, he soon came to understand Bridger's reasoning and implored him to seek a cure for his ailing friend. His magma buoy was eventually launched.
Commander Scott Keller (Kent McCord) – Commander of the space shuttle Wayfarer, the first manned Earth vehicle to reach Mars and back, Scott Keller had attended the naval academy with Nathan Bridger, with whom they remained competitively friendly. One night, as a favour to Bridger, Scott ate a dozen and a half of Organa Watt's, the woman who ran the women's dorm at the academy, terrible cookies so Bridger could sneak a girl out the back. However, while Keller opted for outer space, Bridger opted for inner space. Bridger and seaQuest eventually rescued Scott's Wayfarer capsule after an accident during re-entry forced them to splashdown near the Montegnard Confederation. He was eventually involved in the Hyperion civil war, with his final fate being a mystery.
Professor Tobias LeConte (Mark Hamill) – Blinded by the magnificent light of a comet, Tobias was a child prodigy. At seven years old, he pinpointed the exact moment the universe was born. By age fourteen, he held Isaac Newton's chair at Cambridge. However, he was not fully human. Born on the planet Hyperion, eleven million light-years away from Earth, Tobias sent out a message of peace on a planet of conquest. His anti-expansion philosophies branded him a traitor for which he was sentenced to death. He fled to Earth and melded with the real Tobias LeConte, essentially giving the child life as the comet that blinded him also would have given him cancer, which his alien physiology was able to naturally fight off.

Adversaries
Maximilian "Max" Scully (Jonathan Banks) – A radical environmental activist who faked his death in the year 2011 after being disfigured by a bomb explosion he intended to use himself. By the late 2010s, Scully had borrowed money from Malcolm Lansdowne to purchase an old Russian  which he and his crew originally used to monitor the movements of illegal whaling ships. Convinced that the UEO wasn't going to do anything about the whalers, Scully took matters into his own hands and began firing live torpedoes at the whalers. Unfortunately, during one such instance, a torpedo missed its intended target and sank a cruise ship accidentally. His crew abandoned him and Scully eventually was apprehended by the seaQuest. Rather than be taken into custody, Scully launched himself out of a torpedo tube, leaving Captain Bridger to destroy his abandoned vessel. Scully was believed to be all but dead considering that he was nowhere near any land masses and had no choice but to swim to save himself. Somehow, Scully was able to survive and developed an undersea colony dedicated to the preservation of the Earth called "Ecotopia." Although he was still wanted for the deaths of the passengers of the cruise ship, the UEO granted him a full pardon when Ecotopia became a member of the UEO in 2032. Scully's ideals still had not changed as he took advantage of his tour of seaQuest to tap into the main computer of the sub. From Ecotopia, he was able to disable the ship's life support system and directed seaQuest`s pulse lasers at an underwater nuclear waste dump - the intention being to destroy the Human race, save for those within Ecotopia, whose descendants would return to the surface of the Earth generations later and protect the planet's environment, rather than ravage it. Scully was defeated by Captain Hudson, Lucas, and Elaine Morse, who managed to kill him. Even though his plans were thwarted, and a nuclear holocaust was prevented, Lucas hoped though that the peaceful Ecotopia colony would be Scully's legacy, not his lunacy.
Mariah (Sam Jenkins) – Leader of the G.E.L.F. colony uprising, Mariah sought freedom for her and her people on their twenty first birthday in 2021. First seizing control of the colony, she led a group of daggers to UEO Headquarters in New Cape Quest. Once there, she captured General Thomas and a fully armed Navis-18 UEO submarine. Using Thomas' military command codes, she was able to gain access to the Ronald Reagan Memorial Laser Space Base where she plotted to destroy enough the world's air exchange plants, which would suffocate the human race, leaving the G.E.L.F.s as the only sentient life on the planet. She halted her plan when she realized that the G.E.L.F. baby that had recently been born at the colony was more human than her parents were due to spontaneous evolution and that destroying the human race would result in the ultimate destruction of the G.E.L.F.s as well. She released General Thomas and was imprisoned in a UEO detention facility.
President Alexander Bourne (Michael York) – President of the Macronesian Alliance (formerly New Australia), Bourne rose to power during the ten years that seaQuest was missing. The ships in his naval fleet, the Lysander class, were capable of subduction; particle liquefication, which "turns land mass into soup" and allowed him to seize power in half of the Pacific Ocean. Bourne did not agree with the policies and limitations of the UEO and sought any means to discredit and defame them. As a result, and because of several concerns about human rights violations, the UEO imposed a trade embargo against Macronesia, which led to several conflicts between both governments.
General Armand Stassi (Andrew Stahl) is Alexander Bourne's right hand man and the Highest Ranking officer in the Macronesian Military. He was with the President in the attempted take over of the Nexus Colony, which was ultimately thwarted thanks to the return of seaQuest and the help of Nathan Bridger.
Larry Deon (Tim DeKay) – A business tycoon who served as chairman of Deon International, the largest supplier of most of the world's goods and resources. Deon International also operated restaurant chains, military development groups, and major sports franchises, such as the "Deon Demons". Deon, who "sold IBM off at a yard sale when he was 24", sought to conglomerate his empire with the entire world market, making Deon International "the only game in town". As manufacturer of the, allegedly, state of the art Lysander-class subfigher (high speed submersibles capable of engagements at speeds up to 300 knots), Deon International was able to neatly furnish Macronesia with their underwater war machines. Larry would soon conspire with President Bourne's attempt to assassinate Secretary General McGath in order to abolish the UEO. Captain Hudson was able to stop him and planned to bring him to justice, but before he could say anything, Mason Freeman, Deon's right-hand man, shot him to prevent Larry from incriminating himself or the company. While he was seriously injured, Deon was not killed. He remained in a coma.
Mason Freeman (Ralph Wilcox) – Larry Deon's right-hand man, Freeman is more aggressive, ruthless, and in many ways, more cunning than his boss is. Larry ordered him to capture Captain Hudson and hold him hostage to further ensure that an iceberg in the Weddell Sea would not be destroyed by seaQuest. Hudson was able to overpower Freeman, but rather than send him to a UEO prison, he ordered Freeman sent back to Deon, to tell Larry that while he sent his best man, Hudson sent him right back. Freeman was later sent to sabotage the OmniPacific underwater train in order to keep Deon International's air travel services number one in long-distance traveling. Mason's efforts were thorough, but Lucas was able to safely stop the train and save the passengers. Freeman, however, was able to escape. Apparently not on speaking terms with Larry, Freeman shot his boss after Captain Hudson had arrested him, in order to stop Larry from incriminating Deon International in the plot to assassinate Secretary General McGath. Freeman was immediately arrested and imprisoned. Freeman, and Jason Pardee, a former love of Lieutenant Henderson, were able to escape prison and held a science team hostage in exchange for their own freedom. Freeman was also able to take Lucas and Henderson prisoner after they were sent over to the science station under the pretense of assistance. Plotting to kill Lucas to send a message to Captain Hudson, Henderson, Lucas, and the science team were able to escape. While Pardee was killed at the hands of Henderson, Freeman seemed to disappear. As the seaQuest futilely tries to find him, he happily rolls along the ocean floor in an underwater tank, singing to himself in contentment.

Others
President Hoy Chi (James Shigeta) is the President of the Montagnard Confederation. Chi had wished his state to remain a peaceful and supportive member of the UEO, but, also an important player within it.
Julianna (Sarah Koskoff), AKA "Red Menace", was a brilliant computer hacker who worked alongside Martin Clemens (AKA "Mycroft") and Nick (AKA "Wolfman") in an attempt to make right the perceived wrongs of the world by diverting stolen funds from corrupt governments into places where they would be better served, such as hospitals.
Navy Quartermaster Bickle (Denis Arndt) serves as a navy quartermaster. He was used to dealing and trading with Lieutenant Ben Krieg and had formed somewhat of a sarcastic relationship with him. While Bickle was highly qualified at his work he had an acrimonious relationship with his wife. Krieg had promised to turn him onto a good divorce lawyer, but Bickle was less than convinced since Krieg had to salute his ex-wife, Lieutenant Commander Hitchcock.

References

SeaQuest DSV
Fictional undersea characters


Sames may refer to:

People
Given name
 Sames I, Orontid king of Commagene and Sophene
 Sames II Theosebes Dikaios (died 109 BC), Orontid king of Commagene

Surname
 Albert Morris Sames (1873–1958), American judge
 Heinz Sames (1911–1944), German speed skater
 Ștefan Sameș (1951–2011), Romanian professional football player

Places
 Sames, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
 Sames (Amieva), Asturias, Spain


Sarah Poewe (born 3 March 1983) is an Olympic breaststroke swimmer who has competed internationally for both South Africa and Germany.

Poewe was born in Cape Town, South Africa, the daughter of Lorrain (née Stoch) and Reinhardt Poewe. She lives in Wuppertal, Germany. Her mother is from a Jewish family in South Africa, and her father is German.

At the age of 14, she made her international debut at the 1997 Pan Pacific Championships. Poewe was the voted the Best Female Swimmer in the 1998 Junior Olympics in Moscow. She won the Hungarian National Championships in 100-meter breaststroke 23 June 1999. When she was 17, Poewe competed for the South African swimming team in three events at the 2000 Olympic Games, and finished in fourth place in the women's 100 m breaststroke.

In 2001, Poewe won the South African National Championships in the 100-meter breaststroke. At the 2001 World Championships, Poewe finished fourth in the 100-meter breaststroke.

Poewe represented Germany in the 2004 Olympics, where she was part of the team that won the bronze medal in the women's 4 × 100 m medley. She also represented Germany at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.
In Beijing 2008, she swam in the 100m and 200m breaststroke and the  medley but didn't medal in any race. In London 2012, Poewe swam in the 100m breaststroke and the  medley, and again didn't medal in either race. She placed 9th in the  medleys for the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

See also

List of select Jewish swimmers
Georgia Bulldogs

References

External links
Official website

Living people
1983 births
African Games medalists in swimming
African Games silver medalists for South Africa
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for South Africa
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for South Africa
Competitors at the 1999 All-Africa Games
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Female breaststroke swimmers
Georgia Bulldogs women's swimmers
German female swimmers
Jewish South African sportspeople
Jewish swimmers
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Olympic swimmers for Germany
Olympic swimmers for South Africa
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Berlin
South African expatriate sportspeople in Germany
South African female swimmers
South African people of German descent
Sportspeople from Cape Town
Swimmers at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games


Cruise Confidential is the first book in the eponymous series by author Brian David Bruns, published in 2008 by Travelers' Tales (a division of Solas House). Its full title is Cruise Confidential: A Hit Below the Waterline: Where the Crew Lives, Eats, Wars, and Parties — One Crazy Year Working on Cruise Ships.

Cruise Confidential provoked a discussion about the merits of cruise lines' exploitation of workers. The book received positive reviews for its humor and for its giving an insider look at the experience of working on cruise ships. It attracted criticism from reviewers for Bruns' focus on repeatedly describing the attractive women he met on the ship. Bruns wrote three sequels to the book: Ship for Brains (2011), Unsinkable Mister Brown (2012), and High Seas Drifter (2014).

Plot summary
Cruise Confidential narrates the experiences of the author working in the cruise industry. As one of the few Americans in Carnival Cruise Lines' restaurants, he is unprepared for the realities of working in the cruise industry, with long hours and little pay. He worked seven days a week for 14 to 16 hours per day. He is also subjected to a range of challenges from his international colleagues, many of whom deride his decision to work at sea to be with his girlfriend, Bianca, who is a waitress on the ship Carnival Conquest and is from Transylvania, Romania. Bruns describes life in the crew's quarters, called I-95, after the paperwork non-Americans need for American employment. After collaborating to serve the passengers, the crew members who come from numerous countries carouse during the several hours they have left.

Brian begins with his entry into ship life on Carnival Fantasy as a restaurant trainee, then moves up through the ranks to lower level restaurant manager on Carnival Conquest. Far from being the result of hard work, he finds he is an unknowing pawn in a game of international politics on board. Several factions attempt to drive him out of his chosen career, feeling an American is disruptive to the foreign-run hierarchy. Others champion him but invariably only in regards to their own careers. His promotion is ultimately denied and he is sent to Carnival Legend as a waiter, embittered but not beaten. He was the first American waiter in 30 years to complete a full contract lasting eight months without quitting. The climax of the book is his effort at finding a different path to remaining at sea when his restaurant career implodes. His experiences as an art auctioneer and his continued quest for his girlfriend are narrated in the sequels.

Bruns imparts his opinions about cruising. He requests that passengers give good tips and cruise companies give a living wage. He tells passengers that their fare does not give them the right to be rude but they should receive quality customer service. The book includes a glossary with ship terminology and amount of food needed.

Reception
Juneau Empires wrote, "Funny and appalling at the same time, this gives an insider's view of what it's like to work on a ship." Noelle Stokes praised the book, writing in the Concord Monitor, "Any cruise fanatic like me would love this book." University of Central Oklahoma librarian Jana Atkins, stated, "Some of the stories are cautionary tales of American rudeness, some are heartwarming stories about community and international relations, and others are just R-rated – so beware. This book will change your view of the whole travel industry, even if you never want to take a cruise."

The Gazettes Rob Cline wrote, "The book is seldom laugh-out-loud funny, but it is humorous throughout." A common thread in the book is the Bruns' discussion of the numerous people on board who want to have sex. Bruns emphasizes repeatedly that he found the female passengers and crew to be physically attractive, which Cline found "quite wearying fairly early on". Spud Hilton wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle that "this is a really entertaining true tale" that transparently depicts the operations of a typical cruise ship but found that the book would not appeal to all people. He said the book has "a fair amount of vividly described debauchery and rough language" and that "you stop feeling sorry for the guy—who signed on to follow his girlfriend—after the 500th time he describes some impossibly beautiful Eastern European nymph and wonders what his chances are at scoring with her".

Booklists David Pitt, who called the book "very funny, behind-the-scenes", penned a positive review. He wrote, "Imagine a combination of Innocents Abroad and The Love Boat, with a dash of Peyton Place, and you'll have a good idea of what to expect: lots of humorous fumbling about as men and women of various nationalities mold themselves into an efficient team without stepping on each others' cultural toes; the glitz and polished shine of a seagoing luxury hotel (contrasted with the sometimes-disgusting living conditions of the crew); and plenty of shenanigans, including raucous parties and, of course, sexual escapades."

Sequels
The Cruise Confidential series is composed of four books:
Cruise Confidential (2008, Traveler's Tales )
Ship for Brains (2011, World Waters )
Unsinkable Mister Brown (2012, World Waters )
High Seas Drifter (2014, World Waters )

Matt Krueger wrote in The Daily News that Ship for Brains compared to Cruise Confidential "isn't as sharply written, but has a much better title". The book discusses what it is like to be a cruise ship art auctioneer. Midwest Book Review's John Burroughs praised the book, writing, "With a grand dose of humor and a good dose of memoir, Ship for Brains is a fine pick, not to be overlooked."

The third book in the series, Unsinkable Mister Brown, is a memoir about Bruns' time as an auctioneer on cruise ships and is filled with his funny experiences. Able Greenspan penned a positive review of the book for the Midwest Book Review, stating, "The people you see on these cruises and the attraction of high class luxury makes Unsinkable Mister Brown a read that shouldn't be missed for those who love good stories about life and what passes for it." In Foreword Reviews, Jessica Henkle stated "With a candid, no-muss style, Bruns shows just how smitten he and Bianca are with one another" and "Humorous and heartfelt, this book explores the depths one man will dive to for the woman he loves."

Brian David Bruns
Brian David Bruns, the book's author, attended John F. Kennedy High School in Cedar Rapids. Having dreamed of becoming a writer since he was 15 years old, as an adolescent he submitted a book in the fantasy and sorcerer genres to a writing competition for teenagers though did not win. Bruns attended the University of Northern Iowa, where he graduated with an art history degree. Prior to his travels, he had lived for 25 years in Iowa. Bruns started a Reno, Nevada-based medical records software company which had to shut down owing to the weak economy. Bruns met Bianca, a Romanian woman who was a cruise ship employee, through a former employee who connected them. He began working on cruise ships to be with her, starting his cruise ship career with Carnival Cruise Lines when he was 30 years old. Bruns spent four years working on cruise ships with about one year as a waiter and three years as an art auctioneer. He lived in Romania while on break from his cruise ship contracts. Bruns' relationship with Bianca lasted four years as she wanted to stay in Romania and he had no interest in moving there permanently. Fluent in Romanian, Bruns met another Romanian woman, Aurelia, who was employed in a cruise ship casino. After they worked together on ships for a year, Bruns and Aurelia got married on Valentine's Day in 2007 in Reno. Around 2009, the couple moved to Las Vegas and in 2015 they lived in Summerlin, Nevada in the Las Vegas Valley. In 2015, Bruns published a horror book titled In the House of Leviathan.

Awards
Book of the Year, Benjamin Franklin Awards (2009)
Book of the Year, ForeWord Awards (2009)
New England Book Festival, finalist (2008)

References

External links
Interview of Brian David Bruns in January 2012 on the ABC program 20/20
 Reuters photo of Brian David Bruns and his wife Aurelia Bruns posing for a selfie on August 17, 2020, at Furnace Creek Visitors Center in Death Valley, California

2008 non-fiction books
American travel books
Carnival Cruise Lines
Comedy books
Travelogues


Betrothed or The Betrothed may refer to:

The Betrothed (Manzoni novel), translation of the Italian I Promessi Sposi
The Betrothed (Scott novel), a novel by Sir Walter Scott
The Betrothed (poem), published in 1886
 The Betrothed (miniseries), an Italy TV mini-series starring Burt Lancaster
 The Betrothed (1923 film), a silent Italian film directed by Mario Bonnard
 The Betrothed (1941 film), an Italian film directed by Mario Camerini
 The Betrothed (1964 film), an Italian film directed by Mario Maffei
 "Betrothed" (short story), a 1903 short story by Anton Chekhov

See also
 Betrothal


Baard Iversen (22 September 1836 – 15 March 1920) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.

Biography
Iversen was born in 1836 in Aukra in Møre og Romsdal, Norway . In 1854, at the age of eighteen he left home for the city Ålesund.

In 1862, he moved to the larger city Trondhjem to establish his own trade agency. He was awarded burghership the same year, and opened his first store B. Iversen. He moved the store to larger premises one year later, and expanded the field of business.

In 1868, Iversen's company entered the shipping business, investing in a freight boat route between Trondhjem and Frederikshald. Iversen later became a ship-owner, his first ship built in 1872 for traffic in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. In 1890 a route between Trondhjem and Newcastle was established.

Iversen also campaigned for a decent railway connection between Trondhjem and the southern cities. From 1895 he was a member of the working committee of the proposed Dovre Line, which would connect Trondhjem to the capital Oslo via Lillehammer. It finally opened in 1921, one year after Iversen's death. Still, he was nicknamed "the father of the Dovre Line".

Iversen was also involved in local politics and organizational life. He was a member of the executive committee of Trondhjem city council from 1881 to 1892,
and chaired several public committees. He represented his city in the Norwegian Parliament as a deputy representative during the term 1892–1894. He co-founded the local chapter of the Conservative Party in 1883. He was also chairman of the Trondheim Commercial Association (Trondhjems Handelsforening) in several periods, and was a member of the Federation of Norwegian Commercial Associations from 1894 to 1900.

Personal life
He was married to Anna Johanne Georgine Junge (1842–1933). His son-in-law Trygve Marstrand Jørgensen became a partner in the company in 1907, and took over in 1915. Baard Iversen died at Trondheim in 1920. He had been proclaimed Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1900 and Commander of the same order in 1910.

His life became the inspiration for the novel Brostein by Toril Brekke (Oslo: Aschehoug. 2003).

References

1836 births
1920 deaths
People from Aukra
People from Møre og Romsdal
Norwegian company founders
Norwegian businesspeople in shipping
Deputy members of the Storting
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Politicians from Trondheim


Sharon Geary is an American swimmer, gold winner at the Pan American Games.

She competed at the 1951 Pan American Games in Buenos Aires, where she received a gold medal in 100 m freestyle, before Jacqueline Lavine and Ana María Schultz. She participated on the American teams that received gold medals in 4x100 freestyle relay, and 4x100m medley relay at the 1951 Pan American Games.

Geary attended Stanford University and is a member of the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American female freestyle swimmers
Stanford University alumni
Swimmers at the 1951 Pan American Games
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1951 Pan American Games
21st-century American women
20th-century American women


John de Soyres (April 26, 1847 – February 3, 1905) was a Protestant Reverend and scholar. He was born in the village of Bilbrook, near Old Cleeve, in Somersetshire, England, and attended Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he obtained the degrees of BA and MA. In 1888 he immigrated to Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, to assume the rectorship of the St. John (Stone) Church there."

Works
Montanism and the primitive church; a study in the ecclesiastical history of the second century, 1878
(ed.) The provincial letters of Pascal, 1880
The children of wisdom and other sermons preached in Canadian pulpits, 1897
Christianity and Biblical Criticism (1890)

Notes

1847 births
1905 deaths
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Presidents of the Cambridge Union


Actua Pool is a sports simulation video game developed by British companies Gremlin Interactive and Mirage Ltd as part of their highly successful Actua Sports series of sport simulators of the mid-to-late 1990s. Actua Pool, a pool game (pocket billiards), was originally released on the Microsoft Windows platform and the Sony PlayStation home console in 1999; these versions were also published under the name Pool Shark. The game was very well received, praised for its realistic physics engine and challenging AI opponents, although the game spawned a sequel which was not as successful. In 2007, Actua Pool was ported to the Nintendo DS handheld game console.

Description
Actua Pool is a pool simulation game with dozens of game modes, including eight-ball, nine-ball, three-ball, ten-ball, killer rules, cutthroat rules, bank rules, speed pool, one-pocket, various foreign styles and traditional snooker rules. There are dozens of venues, unique individual opponents and even different-shaped and unique tables are also available to unlock.

In one player mode, called "Hustle Mode", the character must hustle their way through smoke filled bars, casinos, pool halls and nightclubs and aim to black ball up to 18 challengers of ever-increasing skill across a range of challenging tables. There is an interactive tutorial if the player wishes, and the player can learn hundreds of trick shots from the tutorial. Each individual NPC opponent has its own unique appearance, voice, mannerisms, playing style and difficulty, and winning tournaments unlocks new NPCs to play against and venues to play in. The last opponent is the Devil himself, who is played against in Hell on his very own pool table and gamble for the player character's soul.

There are also the traditional two-player modes, as well as three-player, four-player, and so on. Any number of players can join in, and tournaments for up to 16 players are also available in which the NPC's can also be included. Player characters are completely customizable, and stats (such as accuracy and shots potted) tally up an individual player's ability.

Venues and opponents
 Candy's Bar is a diner and bar in Illinois in the United States accompanied by easy listening music. The opponents there are an ex-trucker named "Slim Chance" (the poorest player in the game), and Candy Girl, a 26 year old waitress, a national pool champion and also the owner of the venue (expert level). The unique unlockable table of this venue is a hexagon corners table.
 The Croc Shack is a beach hut and bar by the sea in Australia with calypso music. The opponents there are "Wipeout", a blonde Australian surfer (professional level), and his uncle "Boom Bruce", a Crocodile Dundee-type character (master level). The unique unlockable table of this venue is a square eight table.
 The Pit is a Seattle motorcycle club/truck stop featuring rock music and a jukebox. The opponents here are Ed Case (amateur level), a stocky and bald biker with anger management issues (he will throw his cue in frustration if he loses, seemingly smashing something in the process) who plays almost every shot with high power, and his live-in girlfriend, an orange-haired female punk named Chopper (expert level). The unique unlockable table of this venue is a square sides table.
 Paradize Hole is a graffiti-painted, underground hip hop club in New York City. The opponents there are "TikTok" (professional level), a 14 year old up-and-coming hustler, and his 24 year old mentor, the suave and dapper pimp known as "Nu Jack Hustler" (master level). The unique unlockable table of this venue is a diamond sides table.
 The 1815 Club is a conservative and traditional English club frequented by members of the British army. The 1815 Club is located inside an antique country house in Aldershot in the English countryside, and features classical music. The opponents here are Lt. James Jasse (professional level), and the elderly monocled individual identified only as "The Colonel" (master level). The unique unlockable table of this venue is a hexagon sides table.
 Neon City is located in Kyoto, Japan and features bright neon lights, a transparent plastic pool table and a techno soundtrack. The opponents here are a female J-Pop singer called Idoru (amateur level), and her elder brother known as "Sayonara Kid" (expert level). The unique unlockable table of this venue is a square corners table.
 Elysian Fields is a casino in Reno, Nevada. The opponents are Alvis Burger, a blonde Elvis impersonator (professional level) who will often perform such impersonations mid game (such as "strumming" his cue like a guitar while music plays if he performs a good shot), and Al Cheeseman (master level), a tacky ex-game show host with a devoted following who follow him everywhere. Cheeseman's supporters cheer or cry depending on his performance, and since he is one of the best players in the game, they are usually clapping and laughing. The unique unlockable table of this venue is a diamond corners table.
 Z Generation is a British retro 80s club which in appearance is not entirely unlike the Neon City venue, including neon lights and a transparent pool table. The opponents here are a sultry blonde woman named Tiffany (amateur level), and a blonde suited man named Gary No One (expert level), a cocky yet skilled player who was a former pop star in the 80s. The unique unlockable table of this venue is a triangle corners table.
 Philly Joe's Pool Hall is the penultimate venue of the game in "Hustle Mode", and in which the player must go up against Philly Joe, the owner of this pool hall and the opponent with the best stats in the game. Philly Joe is also stated as being the undisputed champion of all previous international pool tournaments. This venue is actually played on Philly Joe's own table in his penthouse suite. The unique unlockable table of this venue is a dog-leg corners table.
 Judgement is a unique level actually played in Hell. The pool table is suspended in the air above a pit of fire, with screams echoing from below, and the player challenges the Devil himself who appears as a floating, bald man with a goatee in a red suit. The Devil's stats are simply listed as ??? due to his supernatural abilities on the table. He cackles manically, and his head spins on his shoulders. It is not uncommon to be "7 balled" on this last level. The unique unlockable table of this venue is a pentagon sides tabe.

Reception

The PC and PlayStation versions received mixed or average reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. The graphics of the game were generally considered impressive at the time of release, and the game physics engine was praised as very realistic, and the AI fairly advanced for a pool game.

Next Generation said that the PC version can be played on a LAN or via the Internet, also saying that game has a minor issues with LAN lag and modem speed.

Legacy
In 2003 Actua Pool was re-released for Windows and PlayStation by Zoo Digital Publishing under their "Zoo Classics" label.

In 2007, U Wish Games released another updated version for PCs.

In 2007, the game was re-developed with enhanced graphics by Frontline Studios, published by Zoo Digital Publishing and UFO Interactive Games and ported to Nintendo DS. This version is known as Underground Pool in North America, and also known as Power Play Pool in Europe.

Reception

The DS version enjoyed good sales, but was not as well received critically as the original game, as the former received "unfavorable" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. It has been noted that the uniqueness of individual opponents has been lost in this version, as are all the different variations of rules available, as there are only two different games in the Nintendo DS version whereas the original had dozens.

Sequel

A sequel was released in 2004 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, and Xbox entitled Pool Shark 2. It was developed by Blade Interactive and published by Zoo Digital Publishing. The "Actua" title was not included as the Actua Sports series had become defunct some years previously, as had the original developers Gremlin Interactive, and therefore Pool Shark 2 is not actually part of the same series of the original. Although Pool Shark 2 had better graphics than Actua Pool due to the advances in game technology, the sequel was not as critically well received as the original, and did not enjoy good sales like its predecessor.

References

External links

1999 video games
Atari games
Cue sports video games
Fiction about the Devil
Gremlin Interactive games
Mirage Technologies (Multimedia) Ltd. games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation (console) games
THQ games
UFO Interactive Games games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Frontline Studios games


Hanussen is a 1955 West German drama film directed by O. W. Fischer and Georg Marischka and starring Fischer, Liselotte Pulver and Siegfried Lowitz.  It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert Herlth and Hermann Warm.

Cast
 O. W. Fischer as Erik Jan Hanussen
 Liselotte Pulver as Hilde Graf
 Theodor Danegger
 Maria Dominique as Grace Coligny
 Werner Finck as Der Sachverständige
 Klaus Kinski as Erik von Spazier a.k.a. Mirko
 Reinhard Kolldehoff as Biberger
 Rolf Kralovitz
 Walter Ladengast
 Margrit Läubli as Tanzgirl
 Ludwig Linkmann as Herr Scholz
 Siegfried Lowitz as Prosecutor
 Erni Mangold as Priscilla Pletzak
 Franz Muxeneder as Jaroslav Huber
 Helmut Qualtinger as Ernst Röhm
 Kai-Siegfried Seefeld (as Kai S. Seefeld)
 Hermann Speelmans as Maus
 Wastl Witt as Leopold Ebenseder

References

Bibliography
 Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema. Berghahn Books, 2009.

External links

1955 films
1955 drama films
German drama films
West German films
1950s German-language films
Films set in 1931
Films set in 1932
Films set in 1933
German black-and-white films
Films directed by O. W. Fischer
Films directed by Georg Marischka
Films about magic and magicians
Films shot at Bavaria Studios
1950s German films


The Barbaros-class frigates are among the most modern frigates in the Turkish Navy. They were designed in Germany and are part of the MEKO group of modular warships, in this case the MEKO 200 design. Two ships were built in Germany and two in Turkey with German assistance. They are larger than the previous s and are also faster due to using CODOG machinery rather than pure diesels.

The first two vessels (F 244 and F 245) are defined as the Barbaros class (MEKO 200 TN Track II-A) while the last two vessels (F 246 and F 247) are defined as the Salih Reis class (MEKO 200 TN Track II-B) by the Turkish Navy.

Salih Reis subclass ships are built with 8-cell Mk. 41 VLS and longer than Barbaros class vessels to accommodate 16-cell Mk. 41 VLS upgrade in the future while Barbaros-class vessels built with  Mk.29 Sea Sparrow launchers that planned to be replaced by 8-cell Mk. 41 VLS.

Modernization projects
Barbaros-class vessels (F 244, F 245) have received an 8-cell Mk41 vertical launcher system (VLS) module, which replaced the obsolete Mk.29 Sea Sparrow launcher, while Salihreis-class vessels (F 246, F 247) have received a second 8-cell Mk 41 VLS module which brings the total number of cells to 16. Additionally the old AWS-9 3D air search radars in all 4 vessels has been replaced by modern Thales SMART-S Mk2 3D radars.

On 3 April 2018 a contract was signed between ASELSAN–HAVELSAN Joint Venture and the secretariat for Defense Industry (SSM) regarding the Barbaros Class Frigate mid-life upgrade project. Project includes a heavy upgrade which including new weapons systems, a new combat management system, new radars and sensors, replacing current mast with an integrated mast and various upgrades. All 4 ships are included in this project. Expected finish year for project is 2025.

The mid-life modernization program projects to double the number of anti-ship missiles that vessel is equipped with while also replacing it by locally designed and produced Atmaca anti-ship missiles, substitution of the Oerlikon Sea Zenith CIWS systems with 1 Phalanx and 1 Aselsan Gokdeniz CIWS, change the existing TACTICOS combat management system with Havelsan "B-SYS Combat Management System" and adopt a 127mm main gun to the frigates. Finally against asymmetric threats that the vessels may face 2x2 L/UMTAS launchers are planned to be integrated to the frigates.

Ships of the class

References

External links

zhwiki巴巴洛斯級巡防艦
 The First Upgraded MEKO 200 Frigate Of Turkish Navy
 BARBAROS CLASS ( MEKO 200 Track II) (Turkey)

Frigate classes

Frigates of Turkey


James Simon Russan (born 24 August 1986), best known as Jamie Cox, is a British former professional boxer who competed from 2007 to 2018. who held the Commonwealth light-middleweight title from 2011 to 2012. As an amateur, he won a gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Amateur career
Cox was a standout amateur who boxed for the Walcot ABA club in Swindon.  Boxing at light welterweight, he won the 2005 ABA championships and won Gold for England in the 2006 Commonwealth Games.  He claimed the gold medal in Melbourne by means of a walkover when his opponent Moses Kopo of Lesotho pulled out of the final. Former world champion Richie Woodhall commentating at the games said "He won't have fancied taking him on...he'll have known that Cox was favourite and he could really hurt him."  Jamie chose to turn pro in February 2007 and signed for Frank Warren.  It was also announced at the time that Woodhall would be his trainer.

Professional career
In July 2007 Jamie made his professional debut at the O2 Arena with a unanimous 4 round points victory over journeyman Johnny Greaves and fought 3 more times that year to end 2007 with a record of 4-0.  By October 2008 that record had stretched to 8-0, a milestone achieved whilst fighting in his home town of Swindon for the first time as a professional.  Cox defeated the tough and experienced journeyman Billy Smith, stopping him in the 5th round in front of 1500 fans. Cox finished the year on a high, when on 6 December and fighting at the Excel Arena in London's Docklands he scored a first-round knockout over the normally durable journeyman Ernie Smith.

In February 2009 Cox boxed in Swindon for the second time, scoring a first-round knockout of Doncaster's Jason Rushton.  After the fight Cox said that he would like to meet reigning British champion Kell Brook by the end of the year.  On 24 April Cox defeated Mark Lloyd at the civic hall in Wolverhampton eventually stopping the Shropshire man in the 8th and final round despite being behind on the referee's points card at the time.  Cox returned to Swindon on 25 July 2009 and boxed another 8 rounds defeating the Hungarian journeyman Janos Petrovics for a wide points win and finished off the year with a victory over Worksop based Iranian Manoocha Salari.

Cox's first fight of 2010 took place at the Wembley Arena on 13 February, scoring an 8-round victory of Mauritius's London based fighter Michael Frontin.  The points win of 78-76 branded Cox's trainer Paddy Fitzpatrick to label the performance "undisciplined" and gave him a "5 out of 10" rating because he hadn't done "what I asked him to".  Despite the performance however Cox was promised an eliminator for Brook's British title against fellow contender Mark Thompson, a man boasting a record of 23 wins with just the one defeat.

Return to the ring
Cox returned to the ring after almost 15 months with the decision to step up from welterweight to light middleweight and also taking on a new trainer, John Costello.  Speaking of the move up in weight Costello said "he’s better conditioned at this weight, he’ll be stronger and faster. He won’t struggle to make the weight anymore so those problems are behind us now and he can eat properly."  Speaking of his time out of the ring Costello, who runs the Chelmsley Wood Boxing Club, said of Cox "I think over the last 12 months Jamie has grown a lot mentally. He has made mistakes, admitted that and he’ll never get sucked into that kind of temptation again. He’s now with us in Birmingham and he’s comfortable here...He’s away from Swindon and all the distractions so that can only be good for his boxing career."  On 21 May 2011 Cox celebrated victory at The O2 Arena in London beating Marcus Portman with a third round stoppage and claiming that he was ready to fight for the British title.  On 9 September 2011 Cox headlined the annual Debra charity boxing event and won a highly controversial decision to pick up the Commonwealth light middleweight title beating Ghanain Obodai Sai despite having two points deducted for low blows.

Second return
Cox returned to the ring in October 2016 with a clear points victory against Martin Fidel Rios. In 2017, it was announced that Cox had signed for Eddie Hearn at Matchroom Sport. His first fight with Hearn was a technical decision over Lewis Taylor after the fight was stopped in the 9th round due to an accidental head clash. The scorecards at the time read 87-84, 88-83, 88-83 all in favour of Cox.

In June, 2017, it was announced that Jamie Cox would join the super middleweight tournament of the World Boxing Super Series.

In his first bout, in the quarterfinals of the WBSS, Cox faced number one seed and WBA super middleweight champion George Groves. Cox was aggressive from the early rounds, trying to land on Groves and trap him against the ropes. Groves, however, didn't hold back and traded actively with his opponent. As the fight went on, Groves was the man who would land the better shots, eventually sending Cox to the floor with a body shot in the fourth round. Cox stayed on the mat in pain, not being able to beat the count.

On 5 May 2018, in a domestic super middleweight showdown, Cox faced compatriot John Ryder, then ranked #3 by the WBA and #12 by the WBC. The fight had a demanding start, with both fighters trading from close range. In the second round, Ryder would land a big shot to the temple, sending Cox to the mat. Cox almost managed to beat the count, but the referee waived the fight off, much to Cox's disapproval.

Legal issues
On 2 March 2010, Cox was found guilty by a jury of assaulting a man outside a Swindon bar. Speaking of the event which happened during a night out, Cox told the jury "I feel terrible, I deserve everything I get from it." The incident had followed an argument with a man whom Cox alleged had verbally abused him before the men got into what Cox described as a "little tussle".  Sentencing was set for 25 March 2010, with Cox receiving a suspended sentence of six months and ordered to pay compensation, court costs and community service of 250 hours. In early 2016 Cox was sentenced to 26 weeks in prison for assault, harassment, violence to secure entry and criminal damage, which occurred in an attack on his ex-girlfriend in which he threatened to "Knock you spark out"
"The WBO European super-middleweight champion was heard in a recording of a 999 call to say: "I will knock you spark out." "The boxer said he had “barged” through her front bedroom doors because he feared she “could kill herself”, which he said she had previously threatened to do.". However, in June 2016, he was released from prison, his conviction was overturned and all charges were suspended on appeal.

Professional boxing record

References

External links
Jamie Cox boxing record from BoxRec
Jamie Cox - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

1986 births
Living people
English male boxers
Welterweight boxers
Sportspeople from Swindon
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Boxers at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games


Calanda may refer to:

 Calanda, Spain, a town in Aragon, Spain
 Calanda (mountain) in Graubünden, Switzerland
 Calanda Bräu, a brewery in Chur, Switzerland, now owned by Heineken International
 Calanda (plant), a genus of the family Rubiaceae
 Miracle of Calanda

See also
 Foz-Calanda, a town in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain
 Samper de Calanda, a town in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain


Iván César Gabrich (born 28 August 1972 in Firmat, Santa Fe Province) is an Argentine retired footballer who played as a centre forward. He is currently the assistant manager of Newell's Old Boys.

References

External links
 Iván Gabrich – Argentine League statistics at Fútbol XXI

1972 births
Living people
People from General López Department
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Argentine Primera División players
Newell's Old Boys footballers
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
Eredivisie players
AFC Ajax players
La Liga players
CP Mérida footballers
CF Extremadura footballers
RCD Mallorca players
Chilean Primera División players
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Footballers from Santa Fe Province


The women's K-4 500 metres event was a fours kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics program.

Medalists

Results

Heats
16 crews entered in two heats. The top two finishers from each of the heats advanced directly to the finals while the remaining teams were relegated to the semifinals.

Semifinals
The top two finishers in each of the semifinals and the fastest third-place finisher advanced to the final.

Final
The final was held on August 8.

Hungary beat Germany (formerly East and West Germany) after finishing second to them in every major competition since 1988.

References
1992 Summer Olympics official report Volume 5.  pp. 148–9.
Sports-reference.com women's 1992 K-4 500 m results.
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Women's Kayak Fours 500 Meters". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 494–5.

Women's K-4 500
Olympic
Women's events at the 1992 Summer Olympics


Lios an Gharráin (anglicised Lissagurraun) is a townland of Moycullen near Barna in County Galway, Ireland. There are only 10 houses, and no shops or schools. There is one horse riding school, the Moycullen Riding Centre. There are roughly 24 inhabitants. It is close to the Moycullen Bogs.

References

Towns and villages in County Galway
Articles on towns and villages in Ireland possibly missing Irish place names


(9 November 1846 – 21 August 1897) was the leading Japanese theatre manager of the first half of the Meiji period, between 1868 and 1912. He built the first modern theater, the Shintomi-za (新富座), which incorporated Western features such as gaslights and chairs. The theater opened in June 1878, and was located at a foreign settlement in Tsukiji, Tokyo. He was also a crucial factor in attracting the new audience, the aristocracy, into the kabuki theaters (Kikan).

Early life
It is said that as a young boy of 12 years, Morita Kanya XII ran to the port of Yokohama in an attempt to leave Japan and immigrate into the Western world for the sake of fulfilling his goal: becoming a millionaire. Although the Shinsengumi police stopped him that time, his spirit and interest for the West remained an integral part of his personality. During the time of government takeover (1868), the 22-year-old Morita Kanya XII became so obsessed with the Western world that he would eat sashimi (a traditional Japanese dish) with salt and pepper as opposed to soy sauce and wasabi.

Personal life
Kanya was friends with the father of the playwright Okamoto Kido. According to Kido he was extremely polite, almost obsequious, and in his very Westernised way on one occasion brought a gift of a box of Western sweets to Kido's home which had been bought from a sweet shop Fūgetsudo (風月堂). When residents of the British Legation headed up by Thomas McClatchie presented Kanya with a theatre curtain times were uncertain with an undercurrent of anti Western sentiment amongst some feudal domains. There was an exchange of letters between Kanya, McClatchie and an Austro-Hungarian diplomat, Heinrich Von Siebold about the curtain and an invitation from Kanya to a special inaugural event .

I am writing this letter to say that, as a consequence of the rebuild, I would like to extend an honourable invitation to you two young foreign residents in Tōkyō to the occasion of the opening of the Shintomiza on 7th June 1879 and to offer you, along with my fellow countrymen, our hospitality at an august speech welcoming you and an expression of appreciation. Furthermore, as regards to the matter in question, I will measure the time until your kind response to this request. Once it has been presented I will, on receiving the gift of this superb curtain, be hanging it to serve in a place of honour. I trust that this will be to our mutual satisfaction. On a separate note this curtain, the appearance of which more than meets expectations, will encourage those whose names will appear on the certificate of the impending gift to agree. On this the appeal of this proposal will be supported. Yours sincerely, 3rd February 1879, in Tōkyō to ASAP Hospitality Company, Heinrich Von Siebold, and Thomas McClatchie from the head of the Tōkyō Shintomiza, Morita Kan’ya the younger

To which McClatchie replied...

I am coming to Japan to attend the upcoming occasion. I respectfully advise caution as it may be dangerous to be associated with me my friends. In Japan people like the so called rōnin with their katana swords have long been in armed factions. Foreigners seen by them are immediately killed. I am pleased to be able to travel in Japan about which my mother has stopped crying. Coming to watch it’s not my intention to be beheaded by rōnin. The theatre is very pretty and we will be watching a beautiful play. It’s so pleasant don’t you agree? I respectfully ask that I be provided with the details to be written and sent to me care of my friend the mother of Great Britain (Queen Victoria)

Kanya replied...

I read your gracious letter in response to all the invitations sent for which I would like to thank you for confirming that you will be a guest in on the said occasion in June. Such a magnificent set of stage curtains that you have so kindly and honourably given I received with humble thanks. As for the matter in question, the occasion of this inauguration, it will be my honour to organise to the best of my ability, the better the honour for future generations. After this the illustrations will be seen in Ōsaka where all the separate designs will be displayed. With all due respect to you my three noble friends then you will be received with appropriate speeches of thanks and honour. I will measure the time preciously until your response for this article with the family crest which will in the named theatre be honoured. Respectfully, yours sincerely.4th February, Morita Kan’ya

(Skingle)

The Kabuki reforms
The Kabuki theater was greatly affected during the reforms of the Meiji period. The main concern of the government was to transform the art of Kabuki into something similar to that of the western form. This placed theater from a common into a high social role, in which aristocrats and nobles would come and view the performances. Kabuki was to represent a civilized Japan (mostly for the sake of impressing westerners). In 1872, Kabuki leaders, including Morita Kanya XII were asked to participate in a discussion at the Tokyo city hall. There, the changes were addressed and Morita Kanya XII saw this as an opportunity to become a wealthy businessman with the hope to become the director of the future National Theatre of Japan. When he built his Shintomi-za he implemented the desired reforms, which later were referred to as "engeki kairyo." (Tschudin)

Career
Morita Kanya was the owner of one of the three theatres licensed under the Tokugawa shogun regime: the Morita-za. Following the government takeover in 1868, Morita Kanya built the Morita-za in 1872, which marked a transformation of the Japanese Kabuki theater structure. In 1875, he had financial difficulties and reorganized the Morita-za into a company, which changed the theater's name to Shintomi-za. A year later in 1876, the theater burned down, but Morita Kanya immediately rebuilt after its destruction. In 1878 it was completed and named Shintomi-za. (Yuichiro) The grand reopening ceremony took place on 7 June 1878 attended by the then Chief Minister Prince Sanjō Sanetomi (三条 実美). (Skingle) The Shintomi-za was furnished with Western chairs designed for Western visitors and gas lighting for the stage. A member of the British Legation in Tōkyō, Thomas Russell Hillier McClatchie, attended the opening ceremony and by all accounts he thoroughly enjoyed watching the opening night performances and later wrote to his mother and friends about it. Okamoto Keinosuke (later Kiyoshi - father of playwright Okamoto Kido - 岡本 綺堂)and friend of Morita Kanya, employed at the time as an interpreter at the British Legation, helped McClatchie to design a gift from the foreign residents for Shintomiza and on 3 February 1879, the theatre was presented with a curtain made from purple satin with intricate pine, bamboo and plum designs and Morita Kanya's katabami emblem. Morita was overjoyed and hung the curtain for the March performances which began on 28 February. (Skingle) The climax of Morita Kanya XII's career was in June 1879 when foreign aristocrat Crown Prince Heinrich of Germany and on 16 July 1879 U.S. President Ulysses Grant came to the Shintomi-za and was treated to a performance of Yoshi-iye. (Brandon) All of these changes transformed Shintomi-za into Japan's "national theatre", although it was not referred to as such.

Influence on Kabuki

Elimination of thrust stage
During the heyday of Kabuki in the Edo period (1603–1868), the relationship between actor and audience was supposed to be strong and intimate. This meant that it was common for actors to interact with its audience. For instance, in the midst of the performance, the actors would come onto the "thrust stage" (a stage that extends into the audience) and interact with them. Morita Kanya XII with his attempt to transform kKabuki into a more respectable art form eliminated the thrust stage, thereby adhering to a western convention. This ended the relationship between actor and audience. (Samuel L. Leiter, ed., A Kabuki Reader (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2002))

Reform of Kabuki plays
In 1878, Morita Kanya XII, following the government's demand for historical accuracy, produced the play "Okige no Kumo Harau Asagochi" which was based on a real recent uprising. He also integrated elements of "good" morale into the dialogues of his actors, with the goal to civilize the commoners (Yuichiro). He also westernized some plays to appeal to western visitors. For instance, he wrote two Kabuki plays set in Europe in 1879. At another instance he would hire a play writer to create a play based on the General Grant's victories in the American Civil War. (Brandon)

Changes in architecture and furniture
The use of Western chairs for the audience, now standard in all Japanese theatres, was introduced in Kanya's Shintomi-za. The size of the stage, which remained the same for over a century, was also enlarged when Morita Kanya XII built the Shintomi-za. (Yuichiro)

Later life
In 1894, Morita Kanya XII was forced to give up his theater management duty. He had a major financial crisis in which he lost 20,000 yen in the production of the play Hyoryu Kidan Seiyo-geki, which turned out to be very unsuccessful due to the poor acting of Western performers (Yuichiro). In 1909, the Shintonomi-za was bought by Shochiku.

The last time Okamoto Kido and his father saw him was at the Bairin Tea House at the Kabukiza in Meiji 29 (1896) when they attended Ichikawa Danjūrō IX's revival performance of 'Shibaraku' (Wait a Minute), and 'Sukeroku'. At the time, according to Okamoto Kido's father, he had debts of ¥700,000 - ¥800,000 in 2011 values about ¥2,250,000,000 - ¥2,570,000,000, equal to about £14.5 – £15 Million or $22.25 – $22.5 million. He died on 21 August Meiji 30 (1897) at his home on Akasaka District's Nakano-chō (Skingle)

Notes

Sources
Kikan, Kimura, Morita Kanya (Tokyo: Shintaishū-sha, 1943).
Brandon, James, "Kabuki and Shakespeare, Balancing Yin and Yang,"
Tschudin, Jean-Jacques, "Danjuro's katsureki-geki (realistic theatre) and the Meiji 'theatre reform' movement'," Japan Forum 11 no. 1 (1991).
Yuichiro, Takahashi, "Kabuki Goes Official: The 1878 Opening of the Shintomi-za," The Drama Review 39 no. 10 (1995).

Theatre in Japan
1846 births
1897 deaths
Zamoto