Irrigation in the Dominican Republic (DR) has been an integral part of DR agricultural and economic development in the 20th century. Public investment in irrigation has been the main driver for irrigation infrastructural development in the country. Irrigation Management Transfer to Water Users Associations (WUAs), formally started in the mid-1980s, is still an ongoing process showing positive signs with irrigation systems in 127,749 ha (46% of total irrigated land in the country), being managed by 41,329 users (57% of all users). However, the transfer process and the performance of WUAs are still far from ideal. While WUAs show a significant increase in cost recovery, especially when compared to low values in areas under state management, a high subsidy from the government still contributes to cover operation and maintenance costs in their systems.

Water demand for irrigation is 7,340.41 million m3/year which is 82% of the total demand (8,891,45 million m3/year). Irrigation demand is covered mostly by surface water, and partially (13%) by groundwater. About 76% of Dominican Republic's land area (8,900 km2) is dedicated to agriculture, 17% of which is irrigated. According to FAO, 270,000ha are equipped for irrigation. Most of the irrigated areas are located in the valleys between the mountain ranges, with a medium to low rainfall and few limitations on its soil such as slope, depth of soil, and in some cases, salinity problems associated with irrigation or the presence of saline groundwater. Annual government investment in water resources and irrigation infrastructure is in the order of US$100 million.

Needs in the irrigation sector are related to improving efficiency, productivity and
organizational aspects. According to the FAO, solutions should be sought in the use of better technology, efficient operation of irrigation systems and adequate means of financial support. Poor maintenance of existing infrastructure and irrational use of water are causes for the low (overall) irrigation efficiency.

History of the irrigation sector

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), irrigation development in the Dominican Republic started in the late 19th century, with the construction of the Juan Caballero, Luis Bogart and Santana canals and the Manzanillo Project. In the 1920s, due mostly to government investment, irrigation development increased substantially. The area under irrigation continued increasing in the 1940s and 1950s, from 32,000ha in 1941 to 132,000 in 1954. During the 1960s hydraulic development shifted towards multi-purpose dams, returning to canal network development for the next 30 years and reaching the current 280,000ha equipped with irrigation infrastructure.

The Irrigation Management Transfer Program (IMTP) started formally in the mid-1980s and continues until today. IMTP aims at decentralizing operation and maintenance, and fee collection responsibilities among others to the Juntas de Regantes (Water Users Irrigation Boards - WUB). To this date, 17 main WUBs have been formed and the operation of 11 systems has been formally transferred to them. WUBs have a total membership of about 30,000 users. According to the FAO, some of the achievements of IMTP includes: (i) reduced conflicts between the authority and water users, (ii) improved service, and (iii) higher fee collection (an increase from 20% of total charges, when managed by National Institute for Water Resources to almost 80% on their own). However, these results are far from ideal. For example, overall cost recovery continues to be low hence O&M costs still depend on government subsidies.

Irrigation infrastructure
Gravity and surface irrigation are the predominant systems supplying water for irrigation to an area of 278,965 ha.(gross area). According to FAO, this is about half the land where irrigation is feasible (550,000 ha.). The existing infrastructure is composed of 1,836.4 km of main canals, 1,773.2 km of secondary canals, 1,200 km of drainage canals and 14 major dams. The total storage capacity is 1,450 million m3. Actual water delivery is approximately 4,600 million m3/year.

Environmental aspects

Linkages with water resources

According to FAO, DR receives a mean annual precipitation of about 1,500 mm; with arid zones receiving as less as 500 mm/year, and humid areas receiving an average of 2,500 mm/year. Evapotranspiration is over 2,000 mm/year. Total runoff is estimated at 21,000 Million m3/year.

Water demand for irrigation is 7,340.41 million m3/year which is 82% of the total demand (8,891,45 million m3/year). Irrigation demand is covered mostly by surface irrigation, and partially (13%) by groundwater.

Environmental impacts of irrigation

According to FAO, 125,000ha and 80,000ha are affected by drainage and salinity problems, respectively. The majority of which are located in the Valleys such as Cibao, Santiago Montecristi, Azua, San Juan de la Manguana, Neyba y Barahona as well as downstream Yuna and the eastern coastal area, in the provinces of Maria Trinidad Gracias y Altagracia respectively.

Anticipated climate change impacts on irrigated agriculture
Global climate change is expected to induce permanent climate shocks to the Caribbean region including sea level rise, higher surface air and sea temperatures, extreme weather events (such as tropical storms and hurricanes), increased rainfall intensity (leading to more frequent and severe flooding) and more frequent and severe "El Niño-like" conditions. Demographic growth accelerated environmental degradation, deforestation, and lack of mitigation measures will intensify the impact of disasters in the future.

There is currently no information available about the specific impacts of climate change on irrigated agriculture in the DR. Although there is some data in terms of Climate Change impacts on water resources in DR's First Communication to the UNFCCC. Indeed, it is expected a great decrease in spatial distribution of rainfall, and total runoff for the year 2100, demonstrating a structural change that intensifies the transition from the most humid zones to the driest and an expansion of the areas of the country that are historically the driest.

Legal and institutional framework

Legal framework

The Water Law, No. 5852 passed in 1962, promotes the creation of irrigation districts and irrigation organizations. Relevant aspects of this law include the establishment of limited property rights over water originated in one's land through springs and rain water and the linkage of water rights with land ownership.

Law No. 6 of 1965 created the National Institute for Water Resources (INDRHI), the national water authority, assigning functions for operating irrigation systems with the participation of users. INDRHI has been the promoter and developer of irrigation, thus having responsibility at three functional levels: policy development and planning at the constitutional (normative) level; water rights administration, regulation enforcement and hydrological services at the organizational level; and water use for the irrigation system at the operational level.

Presidential decrees and agreements between INDRHI and Water Users Association (Asociaciones de Regantes- WUA) have provided legal support for the Irrigation Management Transfer Program (IMTP) (see below).

Institutional framework
The Dominican Water Resource Institute – INDRHI, under the Ministry of the Environment, is responsible for managing water and related resources as well as designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating programs, projects and activities aimed at controlling and regulating surface and groundwater use.

INDRHI is also in charge of irrigation systems management including responsibilities such as operation and maintenance of dam, main channel and drainage system of all irrigation systems, as well as of all the facilities in those systems that are not yet transferred to the WUAs. This transfer policy has been financed largely by international resources in coordination with the 10 Department of Irrigation Districts, under INDRHI. INDRHI is in the process of receding in their scope and operational responsibilities.

Finally, INDRHI collaborates with other sectoral institutions such as: (i) the State Secretariat for Agriculture and the Dominican Agriculture Institute, (ii) the Water Supply and Sanitation "Institute" INAPA, a utility operating in small towns and rural areas, and regional water and sanitation utilities in the cities of Santo Domingo, Santiago, Moca, Puerto Plata and Romana, (iii) the Ministry of Public Health, and (iv) the Dominican Electricity Corporation.

Water Users Organizations and Irrigation Management Transfer Program

The Irrigation Management Transfer Program (IMTP) shift responsibility for the administration, operation and maintenance (O&M) of irrigation infrastructure to WUAs while remaining state owned. The IMTP, still under implementation, has not been accompanied by a legal framework promoting further development of WUAs, their management practices, both in the administrative and commercial sense, and water management efficiency.

There are a total of 28 Irrigation Users Boards (Juntas de Regantes-WUB) represent a total of 71,800 water users (of a total of 89,300) covering 4.3 million tareas—15.9 tareas = 1 ha. The WUB are in charge of fee collection, operation, administration, budget preparation and expenditures. WUB are composed of Water Users Associations (Asociaciones de Regantes- WUA), and are legally considered as Non-profit organizations. Contrary to some WUBs, which have receive extended support from IMTP, WUAs are mostly weak when their organizational characteristics.

Source: INDRHI

Key Legal Issues that Arise in Irrigation PPPs
There are a number of legal and commercial issues that will affect how these projects move forward and are structured.  Whilst some of the legal issues are not confined to irrigation PPPs they can take on a new dimension and complexity when applied to irrigation: Land ownership; water extraction; public sector counterpart. These will be key issues in a PPP as the private provider will want to ensure a steady revenue stream.

There are also the usual legal considerations that need to be checked when developing PPPs in any sector, such as legal restrictions on the type of PPP arrangement that can be entered into, relevant procurement rules for entering into PPPs, existence of restrictions on foreign investment, taxation and potential for tax holidays and the ability to assign rights such as security and step in rights to lenders.

Economic aspects

Agriculture and economic growth
See also:Economy of the Dominican Republic
The economy of the Dominican Republic has shifted from an agricultural based one to a diversified economy where services, commerce, industry and tourism have a greater role. The contribution of agriculture to the Gross domestic product (GDP) has been declining since 1962 when it represented 32%, to only 13% in 2008. From this value, 53% correspond to livestock, fisheries and forestry. Crop production in 2000, 5% of total GDP, had a total value of U.S. $1,053 million at current prices. Agriculture, however, maintains an important role in exports and employment. Irrigated agriculture is contributing to this with nearly half of the total production. There is record increase of production in the irrigated land, but it is related more to the expansion in area rather than a marked rise in productivity.  Rural population accounts for 40% of the total population and 52% of the rural population is poor.

Water tariff
Annual fee for irrigation services are low (varies from US
$4.75/ha in some regions to US$24/ha for a farmer with less than 10 ha not
cultivating rice). Water costs for a farmer only represent 0.21 to 0.58% of total
production cost. Operation and Maintenance expenditure in INDRHI's Irrigation
Districts for 1997 was US$6.24 million (US$35/ha) while revenues from water fees was only 14% of this value. Water fees are obviously too low to meet maintenance and operation requirements.

External cooperation
In May 2008 the World Bank has approved a US$80 million loan to restore and strengthen irrigation, electricity, water, and sanitation infrastructure damaged by Tropical Storms Olga and Noel, enhance critical infrastructure to reduce future storm-related impacts, and strengthen basic capacity for future risk management in INDRHI and CDEEE.

Dominican Republic’s irrigation model: the road ahead

According to FAO, despite of IMTP success in development WUB's capacities some areas within the program have room for improvement. Those areas can be summarized as follow: (i) institutional capacity building has not been systematic. Follow up on existing support WUA has been concentrated only in certain issues, without due attention to certifying their organizational development and achievements; (ii) capacitation has not adequately included administrative skills, business like attitude, social and environmental topics; (iii) efforts have been concentrated on the WUBs, leaving the WUAs with little support to strengthen the capacities as organizations; (iv) irrigation infrastructure is usually transferred in poor shape demanding large investments; and (v) stronger legal support is needed for the transfer process.

The challenge ahead cannot be faced with the existing policies and institutional settings. Deep institutional reform and policy framing is considered to be the most pressing need by FAO. The government is trying to reorient the role of the state in WRM and reduce dependency on governmental financing. The proposal for the new Water Law introduces the National Water Commission as the regulatory authority of Water, and to which the entities in charge of regulating the different subsectors of services from water (water supply to population, irrigation and hydropower), will be ascribed to. This means that INDRHI will concentrate on regulating irrigation services, where the WUA will be operating the irrigation systems.

See also
Water resources management in the Dominican Republic
Water supply and sanitation in the Dominican Republic
Electricity sector in the Dominican Republic

References

Dominican Rep
Water in the Dominican Republic


Rufus Seaman Carter (March 31, 1866 – August 29, 1932) was a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1911 to 1920 as  a Liberal member.

He was born in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, the son of William Dobson Carter and Elizabeth Ann Reed. Carter attended the military college in Fredericton, New Brunswick. He went to sea for a time but returned to farming after his father's death. Carter was also involved in the lumber trade with the United States and Great Britain. In 1894, he married Ella Mabel Morris. Carter served several years as a member of the municipal council. Rufus and Ella Carter had two children: Clara, Jean Carter, born December 27, 1898, and Irving Carter, born November 7, 1899.

He was involved in lumbering and coal mining operations and was a Captain in the Nova Scotia Highlanders 93rd Regiment. He was a highly successful marksman and was a member of the Canadian National Rifle Team when it visited England in 1897 to compete in the King's Prize. In that competition he came second and was only one point behind the overall winner. In that same year he attended the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

He entered politics in 1907 and was elected as Liberal Councillor for the No. 5 District, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, a post he won again in 1910. In 1911 he entered and won the Nova Scotia provincial elections alongside his colleague J Layton Ralston. They repeated their win in 1916. In 1921 Rufus Carter was appointed to the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia and held that position until 1928. He was a popular platform speaker at political gatherings and often introduced Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

He had a sonorous voice, was genial and popular and was a member of the Amherst (Maccan) Curling Club and the Order of Oddfellows. His obituaries describe him as being warm-hearted and generous. Large crowds attended his funeral on September 1, 1932. Amongst those attending his funeral were Senator H. J. Logan, R. K. Smith MP, and Angus L. MacDonald, then Leader of the Provincial Liberal Party. His funeral service was conducted by Rev Harris, Anglican Rector of Passboro and Rev. James Baxter of River Herbert. The United Choir sang two selections, and he was buried at the England Cemetery, Amherst. The pallbearers were all members of labour unions from the Maccan and Springhill areas.

References

1866 births
1932 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia


A grooming dance, grooming invitation dance or shaking dance is a dance performed by honeybees to initiate allogrooming.  It was first reported in 1945 by biologist Mykola H. Hadak.   An increase in the frequency of the grooming dance has been observed among the bees of mite-infested colonies, and among bees who have been dusted with small particles of chalk dust.

See also
Bee learning and communication
Tremble dance
Waggle dance

References

Animal communication
Western honey bee behavior
Neuroethology


R. L. Polk & Company was a provider of business and marketing information to the automotive industry, insurance companies, and related businesses. It was based in Southfield, Michigan with operations in several other countries, including Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, China and Australia. Its business-to-business marketing services included PolkInsight, the National Vehicle Population Profile (NVPP), Blackburn / Polk Marketing Services Inc. (BPMSI), Polk Dealer Marketing Manager, The Ultimate Perspective (T.U.P), Polk Canada Net, Polk Vehicle Lifecycle System, Polk CrossSell Reports, and Polk Total Market Predictor (Polk TMP). From 1999 it was the owner of the vehicle data service Carfax.

Polk was acquired by IHS Inc. in 2013.

Company history

R. L. Polk & Company was founded by Ralph Lane Polk in 1870 in Detroit as a publisher of business directories. In 1872, the company first published a directory with names and addresses of all residents of Evansville, Indiana, plus a listing of post offices in nine states. Additional directories followed in the ensuing years. claiming 1000 directories by 1960.  Affiliates included the Polk-Husted Directory Co. of Oakland, California. Polk directories contain an alphabetical listing of residents and businesses in a city.  They usually also contain a section with properties listed in consecutive order by address.  In addition to city directories, the company published bank directories.

In 1907, R.L. Polk & Co. was publishing a "Gazetteer" Business directory for the states of Michigan (plus Windsor and Walkerville, Ontario), Alaska, Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Oklahoma, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Missouri, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

In 1921, a conversation between Ralph Lane Polk II and Alfred P. Sloan (who later became president of General Motors) helped fuel R. L. Polk & Company's entry into the automotive industry. During the conversation, Sloan asked Polk to impartially tabulate and publish statistical information on cars and trucks in operation. R.L. Polk & Company launched its motor vehicle statistical operations in 1922, when the first car registration reports were published. In 1922, R.L. Polk & Co. published its first Passenger Car Registration Report, covering 58 makes and accounting for 9.2 million passenger automobiles on America's highways.

From 1951 to 1958, the company pioneered the use of electronic punch card tabulating equipment. In 1956, Polk's reporting services included monthly statistics on boats, business aircraft, motorcycles, commercial trailers, and recreational vehicles. In 1976, the National Vehicle Population Profile (NVPP) was introduced.

Turn of the century growth and sale

In 1993, Polk combined their Canadian activities with Blackburn Marketing Services to form Blackburn/Polk Marketing Services Inc. (BPMSI).  Polk also acquired a 35% interest in Carfax from Blackburn Marketing Services.  In 1995, Polk entered an alliance with Marketing Systems GmBH and acquired a substantial minority interest in The Ultimate Perspective (T.U.P).

In 1996, Polk completed acquisition of the Blackburn/Polk operations and renamed it Polk Canada Marketing Services Inc. (PCMSI).

In 1997, Polk acquired the MSS division of Automatic Data Processing's European operations.

In 1999, Polk sold Advertising Unlimited, Inc. to Norwood Promotional Products.

The Polk Company announced on August 2, 1999 that it had completed a 100% acquisition of Carfax. Polk had previously owned 35 percent of Carfax, in partnership with the Blackburn Group, Inc. of London, Ontario. Carfax compiles vehicle histories from various sources, with about 75 percent of the information coming from Polk data.  Using the vehicle identification number (VIN), each history provides potential buyers with all available facts about a used car being considered for purchase.  This may include original use of the vehicle, odometer records, number of owners, and other items that might affect a purchase decision.

In 2000, Polk sold its Consumer Information Solutions (CIS) business units, including Direct Marketing, Data Information Services/Polk Verity, City Directory, and the Compusearch and Prospects Unlimited units of Polk Canada, to Equifax. Polk launched Garage Predictors and Polk Canada, Inc. announced Polk Canada Net. Polk acquired Marketing Systems Group.

Ralph Lane Polk II was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in Dearborn, Michigan in 2001, and into The Direct Marketing Association (DMA) Hall of Fame in 2002.

In 2002, Polk launched the Polk Vehicle Lifecycle System and the Polk Cross Sell.

In 2003, PolkInsight is launched. Polk Total Market Predictor (Polk TMP) is also introduced.

In 2004, R. L. Polk & Company launched Polk Cross Sell Report and RLPTechnologies, a new wholly owned subsidiary, is established. The Software Engineering Institute (SEI) awards R. L. Polk & Company with a Level II Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI) rating.

In 2005, R. L. Polk & Company introduced the Polk Inventory Efficiency Award, which recognizes and rewards outstanding aftermarket companies for process improvements relative to inventory efficiency.

In 2007, R. L. Polk & Co. acquired a majority interest in ROADTODATA, a supplier of automotive price and specifications data.

In 2010, R. L. Polk & Company partnered with Citytwist.

In 2013, IHS Inc announced a $1.4B purchase of R.L. Polk.

See also
 City directory
 St. Louis City Directories
 New York City Directories

References

Further reading

External links

 Internet Archive. Works published by R.L. Polk & Co., various dates
 Hathi Trust. Works related to R.L. Polk & Co., various dates
 OCLC WorldCat. Works related to R.L. Polk & Co., various dates

Companies based in Detroit
polk
Publishing companies established in 1870
American companies established in 1870
2013 mergers and acquisitions
Publishing companies disestablished in 2013
2013 disestablishments in Michigan
1870 establishments in Michigan
City directories


Daniel Martin Hinshelwood (born 4 December 1975) is an English former professional footballer. He is currently manager of non-league side Selsey.

Career
Hinshelwood was born in Bromley. He began his career as apprentice with Nottingham Forest on leaving the FA School of Excellence, one of his duties being to walk Brian Clough's dog. He won England Youth honours and an FA Youth Cup winners' medal while at Forest, turning professional in December 1992. He found it impossible to break into the first team at the City Ground and left on a free transfer in February 1996, joining Portsmouth.

He made his league debut later that season, but after five games for Pompey fell out of the reckoning and joined Torquay United on loan on 2 March 1997, playing six games for Kevin Hodges' side. He was released by Portsmouth at the end of the following season, joining Brighton & Hove Albion on a short-term contract in August 1998, but was released by the Seagulls in January 1999.

He joined Bognor Regis Town, moving on to Havant & Waterlooville in October 1999 before being appointed player-manager of Selsey on 7 January 2000. He transformed the Selsey side, his success leading to offers from bigger sides. In 2003, Selsey won the John O'Hara League Cup, but he quit the club in July that year after his budget for the following season had been considerably reduced.

He subsequently returned to manage Selsey in April 2004.

In 2007, Hinshelwood was appointed as assistant manager of the Sussex County side, combining this post with his duties at Selsey. He left Selesey in November 2009.

Personal life
His father Martin Hinshelwood played professionally for Crystal Palace, among others, and was Brighton's Director of Youth Football while he was at the club. His younger brother Scott was an apprentice with Portsmouth and played under him for Selsey, as did their cousin Marc, the son of Paul Hinshelwood, the former Crystal Palace and Millwall player.

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Bognor Regis Town F.C. players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C. players
Selsey F.C. players
English football managers
Selsey F.C. managers
Footballers from Bromley


KGBN (1190 kHz) is a Korean Christian brokered time AM radio station licensed to Anaheim, California.  It serves Orange County and Greater Los Angeles.  Rev. Young Sun Lee serves as the president of the Korean Gospel Broadcasting Network, which owns the station.  KGBN is one of four radio stations in the Los Angeles area that broadcast entirely in Korean.  The others are 1230 KYPA, 1540 KMPC and 1650 KFOX in Torrance, although they have mostly secular formats.

KGBN broadcasts with 20,000 watts by day.  But to protect other stations from interference on AM 1190, power is reduced at night to 1,300 watts.  It uses a directional antenna at all times.  The transmitter is near the Orange Freeway (California State Route 57) in Brea, California.

History

KEZY
The station signed on May 18, 1959 as KEZY, an easy listening station known as "K-Easy". However, during construction and prior to its on-air debut, it was legally known by the call letters KDOG. The first voice heard over the 1,000-watt signal was that of K-9 TV star Lassie. Lassie's owner, Rudd Weatherwax, was an investor in both the station and the Disneyland Hotel where its studios were located. In the late 1960s, KEZY became an Orange County Top 40 powerhouse featuring such disc jockeys as Mark Denis and Mike Wagner. Accompanying the format flip was a move off the Disneyland campus to a larger facility at 1190 East Ball Road in Anaheim,  an address corresponding to the station's frequency.

In the late 1970s, programmer Dave Foreman dropped top-40 in favor of an album-oriented rock format. The slogan was "The New 1190 KEZY, Anaheim's Kickass Rock 'N' Roll!", which contrasted with KEZY 96 FM's AC format and a then now legendary and infamous slogan, "While 96 KEZY-FM kicks back, 1190 KEZY-AM KICKS ASS!" The oft repeated bumper played during the non top of the hour breaks was a group of KEZY-AM's listeners shouting out the mighty battlecry that is, "K-E-Z-Y-AM 1190 ROCK! WHERE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA KICKS ASS!!!"  After a few years the station once again changed formats, first to news (as KNWZ), then to an adult rock format known simply as "12" ("KEZY Anaheim is 12.") This format was abandoned in the early 1980s and it become a highly successful Top 40/CHR format from 1980 to 1988.

1980s
Around 1984, KEZY changed its call sign to KPZE (K-Praise). It featured a blend of Christian teaching–preaching programs, contemporary Christian music, and live broadcasts of the games of the Long Beach State and Notre Dame football programs.  The Program Director was Bill Gutelman, and the Operations Director was Gil Perez. Other staff–air personality included Pam Sanchez (mornings-air name Stephanie Rose), Paul Walkewicz (weekends), Bill Smith (weekends), Liz Altamirano, and former KYMS personality Bob Turnbull.  Turnbull hosted an evening program called "Ministry And More," similar to his "Music and More" program on KYMS.  In addition to playing music, he would have "Thoughts To End A Busy Day," and book reviews.

From 1986 to late 1988 Operations Manager and air personality Robin Keith hosted an afternoon drive talk show called "Drivetime 1190" along with co-host Steve DeSaeger. The show featured talk and call-ins, comedy, frequent traffic, news and weather reports as well as interviews with celebrities and experts. Ollie Collins, Jr., of KTYM Inglewood, brokered most of the Sunday hours on KPZE.  The morning consisted of a Gospel music show hosted by Collins.  Most of the afternoon programs were recorded church services.  A good majority of the commercials used his voice.  Al Gross (formerly of KBRT AM 740), eventually hosted the morning show.  His was mostly talk. He even joked one morning at 6:00 AM sign-on, as the previous program was ending with its closing theme, "The Air That I Breathe" by The Hollies, "KPZE, Anaheim, playing more music than any other talk station."

Around 1988, the call letters were changed to KORG (K-Orange).  It broadcast a few games of the Los Angeles Kings hockey team during conflicts with KLAC, the Kings' flagship station at the time.  In fact, in one of those games (October 15, 1989), Wayne Gretzky established the National Hockey League's all-time point-scoring record.  In 1987 and '88, KORG was an affiliate of RTV Sports, one of the first all-sports radio networks in America.  Steve DeSaeger provided local sports updates during RTV programs, which aired seven nights a week.

1990s
In the mid-1990s, Anaheim Broadcasting, a local company that had been the owner, sold the station to Jacor, which later merged with Clear Channel Communications.  In 1997, Clear Channel sold KXMX to the Salem Media Group because it had exceeded the Federal Communications Commission limit as to how many stations it could own in the greater Los Angeles market.  (Anaheim is still in business as the owners of FM stations KOLA and KCAL in the Inland Empire.)

Salem is the nation's largest owner of commercial religious stations.  It owned 1190 AM until 2010, as a sister station to 870 KRLA, 99.5 KKLA-FM and 95.9 KFSH-FM.

2000s
The KXMX call sign was derived from KXMX-FM, originally 95.9 KEZY-FM.  When that outlet became Contemporary Christian music station KFSH The Fish in 2001, the call letters were reassigned to 1190 AM.  Today, the KEZY call sign can be found on 1240 AM in San Bernardino, California under separate ownership.  As KXMX, it aired shows in a variety of languages, including Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Thai, Vietnamese, and Tagalog.

2010s
In August 2010 the station was sold to the Korean Gospel Broadcasting Network, which switched the format to Korean-language Christian radio programming.  On March 29, 2011, KXMX changed its call letters to KGBN.

On April 16, 2017, Rev. Young Sun Lee became president of KGBN AM 1190.

Previous logo

References

External links
FCC History Cards for KGBN

GBN
Korean-American culture in California
Radio stations established in 1959
1959 establishments in California
Korean-language radio stations in the United States


The 83rd edition of the KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) started on August 8, 2000. The final was played on May 24, 2001: FC Twente beat PSV on penalties (4–3), after no goals were made during official and extra time. FC Twente won the cup for the second time. A total of 86 clubs participated.

Teams
 All 18 participants of the Eredivisie 2000-01: six teams entered in the round of 16 of the knock-out stage; one team in the first round of the knock-out stage and the rest in the group stage
 All 18 participants of the Eerste Divisie 2000-01
 48 teams from lower (amateur) leagues
 Two youth teams

Group stage
The matches of the group stage were played between August 8 and September 13, 2000. 79 teams participated and 117 matches were played. 39 teams advanced to the next round.

E Eredivisie; 1 Eerste Divisie; A Amateur teams

Knock-out Stage

First round
The matches of the first round were played on September 20 and 21, 2000. RKC Waalwijk entered the tournament here, during the group stage they were still active in the Intertoto Cup.

E one Eredivisie entrant

Second round
The matches of the second round were played between October 19, 2000 and January 23, 2001.

Round of 16
The matches were played between January 24 and 27, 2001. The six Eredivisie teams that had been playing in European competitions after qualification last season, entered the tournament this round.

E six Eredivisie entrants

Quarter-finals
The first three matches were played on 7 February 2001. The fourth was played on 14 March.

Semi-finals
The matches of the semi-finals were played on April 11 and 12, 2001.

Final

FC Twente would participate in the UEFA Cup.

See also
Eredivisie 2000-01
Eerste Divisie 2000-01

External links
 Results by Ronald Zwiers

2000-01
2000–01 domestic association football cups
2000–01 in Dutch football


The 89th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in South Central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Rob Kauffman since 2005.

District profile
The 89th District is located in Franklin County and includes the following areas:

 Chambersburg
 Greene Township
Guilford Township
Hamilton Township

Representatives

References

Government of Franklin County, Pennsylvania
89


The torpedo boat tender was a type of warship developed at the end of the 19th century to help bring small torpedo boats to the high seas, and launch them for attack.

During the Turko-Russian war in 1877, the Russians requisitioned 19 trade vessels to convert them as torpedo boat tenders. Velikiy Knyaz Konstantin was the first historical vessel in this new ship class. She was captained by Stepan Makarov, who was major naval engineer, early practitioner of torpedo usage and the author of concept of torpedo boat tender. On 14 January 1878, Makarov performed the first successful attack by self-propelled torpedoes in history. The Turkish ship Intibah was destroyed by torpedo boats launched from Velikiy Knyaz Konstantin.

In 1878, the British Navy commissioned the Hecla as a torpedo boat tender, followed by HMS Vulcan (1889). The 1896 French ship Foudre was a torpedo boat tender, before it was converted to a seaplane carrier.

During World War II, the type evolved and in the US adopted the designation of motor torpedo boat tender (AGP, or "Patrol Craft Tender", according to the United States Navy hull classification system).

Gallery

Notes

References
 Randier, Jean 2006 La Royale, Editions Babouji

Navies
Russian inventions
Warships
Torpedo boats


Christ Church Detroit is an Episcopal church located at 960 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It is also known as  Old Christ Church, Detroit. It is the oldest Protestant church in Michigan still located on its original site. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1970 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

History
Brothers Robert (Jr.) and William Stead ran a wholesale grocery business at the present site of Christ Church until the year 1844. Christ Church Detroit was founded by a group of Episcopalians in 1845, who decided that St. Paul's Church (now St. Paul's Cathedral) was too crowded. The founders built a small wooden church, designed by Lieutenant Montgomery C. Meigs, as its first place of worship. Fifteen years later, plans were laid for a new building on the same site. In 1861, a chapel was constructed near the original structure for use while a larger church was constructed. The present church, designed by Gordon W. Lloyd, was completed in 1864.

Construction
The church is built in an American Gothic style, using limestone and sandstone; a massive belfry with a squared-off Germanic roof dominates the front facade. The interior boasts transepts with galleries and hammerbeam trusses supporting the roof. All interior woodwork, save the roof, is made from local butternut. There are two Tiffany windows in the church, with more windows designed by other famous glass companies such as Franz Meyer and Company and J. Wippell and Co.

Current use
The Christ Church building has been continuously by an Episcopalian congregation since its construction. The current Rector is the Rev. Emily Williams Guffey. The congregation describes themselves as "a contemporary, well-educated, multi-racial, multi-ethnic congregation carrying out Christ's mission in the world around us, strengthened, nurtured, and guided by the presence of the Holy Spirit." The next-door Sibley House serves as offices.

Gallery

References

External links

 Christ Church Detroit website

Churches in Detroit
Episcopal church buildings in Michigan
Churches completed in 1863
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
Michigan State Historic Sites in Wayne County, Michigan
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
Gothic Revival church buildings in Michigan


Captain Horatio Claude Barber (1875–1964) was an early British aviation pioneer and First World War flight instructor. In 1911 he flew the first cargo flight in Britain, transporting electric light bulbs from Shoreham to Hove. He was also the first person in Great Britain to gain an aeronautical degree.

Biography
Barber was one of the first aviation pioneers and within a few years of the first powered flight he leased a railway arch in Battersea to design and produce aircraft. In 1909 he moved to Lark Hill on Salisbury Plain and formed the Aeronautical Syndicate Limited to produce his designs.
In early 1910 he began to fly his designs and in late September 1910 he became the first occupant of Hendon Aerodrome, newly established by the London Aerodrome Co, where he leased three hangars. His ASL Valkyrie design started test flying from there in October 1910, Barber using the aircraft to gain his Aero Club Certificate (No. 30) in November of that year. The company gave four Valkyries to the government and one aircraft and military pilot were lost in an accident in September 1911. Barber carried on with some experimental work, producing a tractor biplane called the ASL Viking early in 1912, but in April 1912 he dissolved the Syndicate, having failed to achieve any commercial success. The company's aircraft and equipment were sold, mostly to Frederick Handley Page. Barber continued to work as an aeronautical consultant, with an office at 59 Pall Mall in London.

In 1912 he tried to insure himself against any liability from passengers of his aircraft, this was unknown at the time and Lloyd's asked him to write his own policy, the first aircraft insurance policy.

Barber served in the First World War in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and later the Royal Air Force (RAF). He was one of the first flying instructors at Shoreham and he also invented a number of training aids.
In 1917 he published a book The Aeroplane Speaks and in 1927 Aerobatics. After the war he continued his involvement in aircraft insurance.

He died in 1964.

Legacy
A replica of his Valkyrie design is on display at Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida.

References

 Early Aviators

External links

 The Aeroplane Speaks
 Valkyrie replica in Fantasy of Flight's collection

1875 births
1964 deaths
British World War I pilots
English aviators
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Members of the Early Birds of Aviation


Lewis Grant may refer to:
Lewis Grant (colonial administrator), British colonial administrator
Lewis A. Grant, American general

See also
Lewis Grant-Ogilvy, 5th Earl of Seafield


Horse Creek Wildlife Management Area is located in Wyoming County near Pineville, West Virginia.  Located on  that includes a small lake, the open fields of the WMA are bordered by steep hardwood forest.

To reach the Horse Creek WMA from Pineville, follow WV Route 97 west about  to Horse Creek Road (County Route 816).  Turn left (east) on Horse Creek Road for about  to Horse Creek Lake and the Horse Creek WMA.

Hunting and Fishing

Hunting opportunities are limited by the small acreage of the Horse Creek WMA.  Prospects for hunting include deer, raccoon, and squirrel.

Fishing opportunities in the  Horse Creek Lake include largemouth bass, bluegill, channel catfish and trout.

Camping is not permitted in the WMA.

See also
Animal conservation
Fishing
Hunting
List of West Virginia wildlife management areas

References

External links
West Virginia DNR District 4 Wildlife Management Areas
West Virginia Hunting Regulations
West Virginia Fishing Regulations

Wildlife management areas of West Virginia
Protected areas of Wyoming County, West Virginia


Robert Hugh MacKay (June 30, 1868 – February 18, 1941) was a businessman and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Pictou County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1909 to 1917 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Riverton, Nova Scotia, the son of Daniel MacKay and Christy Ann Robertson. MacKay was educated in Stellarton. In 1897, he married Margaret Fraser. MacKay was mayor of Westville in 1907. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1906. MacKay was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the House of Commons in 1917 and 1925.

References

1868 births
1941 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
Mayors of places in Nova Scotia


Blessed Unrest: How the Largest Movement in the World Came into Being and Why No One Saw It Coming is a 2007 New York Times bestseller by Paul Hawken.  The book is about the many non-profit groups and community organizations, dedicated to many different causes, which Hawken calls the "environmental and social justice movement". Hawken explains that this is a diverse movement with no charismatic leader. The movement follows no unifying ideology, and is not recognized by politicians, the public and the media. But, Hawken argues, it has the potential to benefit the planet.

A New York Times reviewer states that Blessed Unrest is "about a movement that no one has noticed, not even the people involved". For this reviewer, the "high point of the book is Hawken's excellent critique of the chemical industry's attack on Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962", at a time when she was fighting cancer. Hawken also tells the stories of other people who have endured hardship and difficulty as they stood up to large corporations.

See also

 Environmental movement
 Leaderless resistance
 The Starfish and the Spider
 Unorganisation
 Wiser.org

References

External links
 Blessed Unrest for a Wiser Earth: John Stauber interviews Paul Hawken
Blessed Unrest (film)

2007 non-fiction books
2007 in the environment
Environmental non-fiction books
Social movements in the United States
Community building
Organizational structure


HanaHo Games Inc is a division of Semco/PVG that services the commercial coin-op industry. HanaHo primarily produced the HotRod arcade joystick. They also sold a line of non-coin-operated PC game machines (the machines had a coin door, but it was non-functional) that included 50 game titles from Capcom. The company was started by Tony Hana and Conway Ho (hence the name Hanaho). Their first product was the game Ghost Hunter. It was headquartered in Cerritos, California.

In January 2010, the official website was "down for maintenance". In 2013 the website was removed altogether.

History
Through the 60s and mid 70s Semco produced store displays for Disney, Circuit City, Sears, Kraco Radio, JD Industries, and Complete Warehouse Video showroom displays.

In the 80s the video game era came to a peak and Semco acquired PVG (Pacific Video Games) and started producing arcade cabinets for companies including Gremlin/Sega's Frogger, Star Trek, and Zaxxon, Wedges/Ledges, Leland's Dragon's Lair and Super Off Road arcade video game cabinets, Indian Gaming Reservation slot machines, Video Poker machines, Capcom's Street Fighter arcade video game cabinets, and Sega GameWorks Custom Classic Cabinets and Custom Arcade Cabinets.

In December 2007, Capcom Games filed a federal lawsuit for copyright and trademark infringement against HanaHo Games and its president, Conway Ho in regards to the use of their properties in the Arcade Legends 2 and Ultimate Arcade 2 arcade cabinets. The case was voluntarily dismissed with prejudice in February 2008.
In 2010, HanaHo developed updated ports of Splatterhouse, Splatterhouse 2, and Splatterhouse 3 for the Splatterhouse reboot.

Products
HanaHo's first product was the game Ghost Hunter, released in 1995. It was a light gun ticket redemption game where the goal of the game was zapping ghosts, collecting fruit, and spelling out the letters "JACKPOT" to get the ticket bonus. They also developed the ticket redemption game Match Three for Jaleco. Their next game was the game Skill Shot, released in 1998. It was a coin flicking ticket redemption game with a pool theme. HanaHo's third game was the game Dragon World 3. It was a mahjong game, licensed from IGS and also released in 1998. Also in 1998, HanaHo released the light gun video game Rapid Fire. The game was a minigame collection, and it was developed by Bone Daddy Entertainment. In 1999, HanaHo developed the ticket redemption game Mallet Madness, which was released by Capcom. In the game, players used the mallet "Max Flattener" in one of four minigames to win tickets. This partnership with Capcom also allowed them to release the HotRod joysticks with a set of 50 Capcom games, and the Arcade PC system with a set of 14 Capcom games (both running MAME).

References

Arcade video games
Cerritos, California
Privately held companies based in California
Video game companies of the United States


Cape San Antonio, or in Spanish Cabo San Antonio, may refer to:

Cape San Antonio, Argentina
Cape San Antonio, Cuba
Cape San Antonio, Spain


R. Tracy Seyfert (born December 2, 1941) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 5th District from 1997 through her resignation in 2000.

Seyfert attended Mountain View Joint Schools. She earned her undergraduate degree from Villa Maria College (now part of Gannon University), her M.A. from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, and a Ph.D. from University of Pittsburgh in 1988. She worked as a psychologist before joining the Erie County, Pennsylvania Council.

Seyfert won election in 1996, running on her experience as a member of the Erie County, Pennsylvania Council and her pledge to reduce the size of the Pennsylvania state government.

Arrest and Trial
On September 9, 1999, federal and state investigators raided Seyfert's home, located in "Tracy's Ridge" in Millcreek Township, Pennsylvania, and seized a 10-ton (1,500 kilowatt) generating unit and 500-gallon oil tank. New units of that size cost $160,000 and require a crane and flatbed truck to move and are capable of supplying power to a coal mine, a lumber yard, or emergency power to the USX Tower. The total value of the units was less than $1,000.

Prosecutors alleged that in April 1999, Seyfert enlisted Elk Creek Township Supervisor Harold "Frosty" Crane to help her acquire the equipment, which was slated to be transferred to a volunteer fire department. Individuals are prohibited from acquiring such equipment through this program.

It is unclear what she wanted with the non-functioning unit, though employees suggested it was back up power for when the power grid might fail during the Y2K scare, in which all the computers in the world would malfunction. Seyfert pleaded guilty to theft of federal property and conspiring to influence a witness on May 12, 2000. In the plea agreement, prosecutors agreed to drop more serious charges that she attempted to have a witness change his testimony. The judge sentenced her to five years in federal prison and assessed a $5,000 fine. Seyfert was released from federal prison on March 20, 2001.

Joseph Wenzel, a former legislative aide and close associate of Seyfert, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to tamper with a witness in Seyfert's trial. Wenzel admitted to working with Seyfert to get Harold "Frosty" Crane to lie to the FBI during its investigation. In exchange for his guilty plea, federal prosecutors "agreed not to pursue accusations that Wenzel asked his brother to kill the witness.

References

External links
 Archived official PA House website

1941 births
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Politicians from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Women state legislators in Pennsylvania
Gannon University alumni
Edinboro University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Living people
American people convicted of theft
Pennsylvania politicians convicted of crimes
21st-century American women


Jan Zdeněk Bartoš (4 June 1908, Dvůr Králové nad Labem – 1 June 1981, Prague) was a Czech composer.

Biography
Bartoš started to play the violin as a pupil of Karel Hršel in Hradec Králové. In 1924, after he graduated from business school, Bartoš left for France. He played as a concertmaster of the Messageries Maritimes naval company in Marseille. From 1929 to 1931 he travelled with that company to Africa, Asia and Madagascar. Following his return, he studied music theory with Otakar Šín and Jaroslav Křička at the Prague Conservatory. He graduated in 1943. From 1956 he worked at the Czech Ministry of Education and taught composition and music theory at the Prague Conservatory.

He composed two operas, an operetta, four symphonies, chamber music, cantatas, songs cycles and theatre music. His work was also part of the music event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Selected works
Stage
 Král manéže (Master of the Ring), Burlesque Ballet-Pantomime in 14 scenes
 Prokletý zámek (The Cursed Mansion), Opera in 1 act (1951); libretto by Zdeněk Lorenc

Orchestra
 Symphony No.1 for large orchestra, Op.65 (1952)
 Symphony No.2 for (chamber) orchestra, Op.78 (1956–1957)
 Symphony No.3 for string orchestra (1964–1965)
 Symphony No.5
 Symphony No.6 for brass quartet and string orchestra (1974)
 Symphony No.7 (1977)

Concert band
 Z podkrkonošského špalíčku (1973)

Concertante
 Introdukce a rondo (Introduction and Rondo) for violin and orchestra, Op.13 (1937)
 Concertino for bassoon and orchestra, Op.34 (1943)
 Staří přátele (Old Friends), Concertante Suite for viola, double bass and 9 wind instruments (1964)
 Symphony No.4, Concertante Symphony for oboe d'amore and string orchestra (1968)
 Concerto da camera for viola and string orchestra (1970)
 Concerto for violin and string orchestra (1972)
 Concerto per "Due Boemi" for bass clarinet, piano and string orchestra (1975)
 Koncert pro trio for violin, viola, cello and string orchestra (1975)
 Sonata for Trombone, 12 strings and piano (1978)
 Capriccio concertant for oboe and chamber orchestra (1979)

Chamber music
 Partita for viola solo, Op.36 (1944)
 String Quartet No.2, Op.43 (1946)
 Sonatina for viola and piano, Op.46 (1947)
 Duet for 2 violins, Op.60 (1951)
 String Quartet No.3
 String Quartet No.4
 String Quartet No.5 „Aby celý svět byl zahradou“ (Were the Whole World a Garden), Op.66 (1952)
 Elegie for cello and piano (or organ) (1952)
 Divertimento No.1 for flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 horns and 2 bassoons (1960)
 Piano Quartet, Op.81
 Trio for violin, viola and harp (1961)
 Preludia (Preludes) for flute and piano (1963)
 Musica piccola, Suite for student violin ensemble and piano (1964)
 Trio for violin, viola and cello, Op.123 (1967)
 Miniatury (Miniatures), Instructive Pieces for cello and piano (1970)
 Adagio Elegiaco and Rondo for horn and piano (1974)
 Nonet No.2 for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, violin, viola, cello, double bass (1974)
 Piano Trio No.2 (1974)
 Deset skladbiček (10 Little Pieces) for 3 recorders (1976)
 Fantazie for viola solo (1980)
 Tercettino for oboe, clarinet and bassoon (1981)
 Divertimento No.7 for 3 clarinets
 String Quartet No.6 „In miniatura“
 String Quartet No.7 „Quator Wegimont“
 String Quartet No.8, Op.86
 String Quartet No.9
 String Quartet No.10
 String Quartet No.11

Piano
 Dvouhlasé invence (2-Part Inventions) for piano, Op.5
 Maličkosti (Bagatelles) for piano (1947)
 Sonata No.1 for Piano (1956)
 Sonata No.2 „Giocosa“ for piano, Op.82 (1959)

Vocal
 Meditace na Štursova "Raněného" (Meditation on Jan Štursa's "The Wounded") for mezzo-soprano and string orchestra (or string quartet), Op.76 (1956); words by Renata Pandulová
 Dětem (To Children), Song Cycle on Words by Zdeněk Kriebl for soprano and piano (1972)

Choral
 Píseň domova (Song of Home) for mixed chorus (1969); words by Vladimír Stuchl

References

External links
 List of compositions on Musicbase.cz

1908 births
1981 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Czech classical composers
Czech male classical composers
Czech opera composers
Male opera composers
People from Dvůr Králové nad Labem
Prague Conservatory alumni
Male composers
20th-century Czech male musicians
Olympic competitors in art competitions


HMS Attack was an Acheron-class destroyer built in 1911, which served during the First World War and was sunk in 1917 in the Mediterranean by a German U-boat. She was the third ship of the name to serve in the Royal Navy.

Construction
She was laid down at the Yarrow & Company yard in Scotstoun, Glasgow, and was launched on 12 December 1911.

Attack and  used steam at higher pressures than the other Acheron-class destroyers and consequently were faster than the standard Admiralty-designed members of their class. Achieving  on trials, she carried two  guns, other smaller guns and 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes and had a complement of 70 men.

Pennant Numbers

Career
As part of the First Destroyer Flotilla, she was attached to the Grand Fleet in August 1914, and then to the Third Battle Squadron from the spring of 1916.

Battle of Heligoland Bight
As part of the Harwich Force, the First Destroyer Flotilla took part in the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August 1914.

Battle of Dogger Bank
On 24 January 1915, Attack, commanded by Lieutenant Commander Cyril Callaghan, took part in the Battle of Dogger Bank as part of the First Destroyer Flotilla. In the final stages of the battle, at 11:20, with his flagship — the battlecruiser  — seriously damaged, Vice Admiral Beatty called Attack to come alongside. He shifted his flag into her at 11:34, and used her to rejoin the rest of the battlecruisers, shifting again into  at 12:20.

Sinking of U-12
On 10 March 1915, in company with her sisters  and , Attack was searching for a German submarine reported by the trawler Man Island near Aberdeen. At 10:10, Attack sighted  and opened fire. Ariel sighted the submarine at 10:12 at about  and all three destroyers turned towards it. U-12 dived and raised her periscope, which Ariel sighted at a distance of . She turned to ram, sighting the conning tower under the water in the final moments before she struck the submarine at a fine angle. Within two minutes, the submarine had returned to the surface so that the crew could escape, but they found the conning tower hatch jammed, and most of the survivors managed their escape via the other hatches. The destroyers opened fire as the submarine lay on the surface, killing and injuring some of the escaping sailors. At 10:30, U-12 sank at about . 19 men were killed; the destroyers rescued 10 survivors. The damage to Ariels bows was so serious that she had to be towed into port.

Battle of Jutland
Attack took part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916. Commanded by Lt Cdr C H N James, she formed part of the First Destroyer Flotilla, led by .

HMS Dunraven
On 8 August 1917, Attack went to the aid of , a Royal Navy Q-ship which had been seriously damaged in a battle with . Despite the aid of several Royal Navy and US Navy ships, Dunraven sank at 01:30 early on 10 August 1917.

Mediterranean Service
In 1917, the Third Battle Squadron was sent to the Mediterranean.

Loss

On 27 December 1917, Attack and two Imperial Japanese Navy destroyers escorted two transport ships,  and SS Nile, from Malta to Egypt. The convoy weathered a gale, and off the Egyptian coast at daybreak on Sunday 30 December it divided. Nile and the two Japanese destroyers proceeded to Port Said, while Aragon and Attack made for Alexandria. Aragon and Attack were in Alexandria Roads about  or  outside the port, awaiting permission to enter, when at about 1100 hrs the German Type UC II submarine  torpedoed Aragon, which rapidly began to sink.

Attack and the armed trawler  came to the rescue. Attack drew right alongside Aragon to take survivors aboard as quickly as possible, helped by lines cast between the two ships. About 17 to 20 minutes after being hit Aragon went down, and she suffered a second explosion as the cold seawater reached her hot boilers. Some of her boats were left upturned in the water.

Attack was now crowded with 300 to 400 survivors: some naked, some wounded, many unconscious and dying. One soldier, Sergeant Harold Riddlesworth of the Cheshire Regiment, repeatedly dived from the destroyer into the sea to rescue more survivors. He survived and was decorated with the Meritorious Service Medal.

Then a torpedo struck Attack amidships and blew her into two pieces, both of which sank with five to seven minutes. The explosion ruptured Attacks bunkers, spilling tons of thick, black bunker fuel oil into the sea as she sank. Hundreds of men were in the water, and many of them became covered in oil or overcome by its fumes. Aragons surviving lifeboats now ferried hundreds of survivors to the two trawlers and other trawlers came out to assist.

Ten seamen from Attack and 600 men from Aragon were killed. The wrecks of both ships now lie in an approximate position of .

References

External links

 Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project - HMS Attack Crew List

1911 ships
Acheron-class destroyers of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Clyde
Maritime incidents in 1917
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea


Soho Lights is the debut album by UK-based band TAT. The album was released on October 28, 2008.

Track listing
"Road To Paradise" – 3:08
"Sympathetic Lies" – 3:42
"Pessimist" – 3:27
"Stay Up" – 3:53
"I Don't Want To (Love You)" – 3:25
"Everything I Want" – 3:18
"Here's To You" – 3:29
"Diamond Child" – 3:03
"Taking It All" – 3:14
"Sandra Dee" – 3:52
"Take You Home" – 2:50
"You Hero" – 3:05
"Live For Rock" – 2:40
Bonus Tracks
<li>"Champagne, Cocaine & Strawberries" – 2:55
<li>"Bloodstain" – 2:51

Personnel
Tatiana DeMaria – vocals, guitar
Nick Kent – bass, vocals
Jake Reed – drums, vocals

Information
All Tracks written by Tatiana DeMaria except:
 8 written by Tatiana DeMaria and Jake Reed
 2 written by Tatiana DeMaria and Paddy Jordan
 6, 9 & 11 written by Tatiana DeMaria and Johnny Andrews
 7 written by Tatiana DeMaria and Jeff Franzel

2008 debut albums
TAT (band) albums


The Maschinenbauanstalt Humboldt  was a German mechanical engineering firm in Cologne-Kalk and a precursor to the firm of Deutz AG. It was founded in 1871 as  Maschinenbau A.G. Humboldt, liquidated due to debts in 1884 and reformed as Maschinenbauanstalt Humboldt A.G..

Its predecessor was a company run by Wimmar Breuer, who had manufactured perforated plate in Kalk since 1853. It was expanded in 1856 by Breuer and shareholders, Neuerburg and Sievers, into the Maschinenfabrik für den Bergbau von Sievers & Co. at Kalk near Deutz am Rhein.

In 1896, under the name of Maschinenbauanstalt Humboldt, locomotive construction was begun. To that end, the site of a bankrupt engineering works in Güstrow was procured and, on 24 September 1898, the first steam locomotive was delivered. Amongst others, the company built 81 units of the Prussian S 6 locomotive from 1911 to 1913 as well as some 77 units of various Prussian G 5 locomotive variants.

On 22 December 1924 a shareholding agreement was concluded with the Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz AG. In 1925 the Öllokomotivenbau (Oil Locomotive Works) resulted, in which Humboldt, the Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz and the locomotive works of Henschel & Sohn at Kassel had shares. After building just one locomotive, however, the company was dissolved again in 1928. That same year Humboldt ceased locomotive production, after having delivered over 1700 locomotives, due to a lack of orders. On 17 October 1930, Humboldt merged with the Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz to form Humboldt-Deutz-Motoren. In 1938 the Isselburger Hütte was taken over, and a deal with the Klöckner Werke  resulted in the famous name of Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz (KHD). Today part of that name still appears in the firm  KHD Humboldt Wedag International, a cement plant and equipment supplier that was formerly part of Deutz AG.

External link and Source

Company history at werkbahn.de

Transport in North Rhine-Westphalia
Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Cologne


Madhopur is a town, located, near city of Pathankot in Pathankot district, Punjab, India, at its border with the Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also the location of the Madhopur headworks on the Ravi River, which feeds the Upper Bari Doab Canal irrigating 335,000 hectares of land in Punjab.

Madhopur has an average elevation of 332 metres (1,089 feet), and lies on the highway NH 44 (formerly NH-1A) linking Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir.

About

Madhopur lies on the Pathankot-Jammu national highway (NH 44, formerly NH-1A), a key road link between Jammu and Kashmir has with the rest of India. It is also on the Jalandhar–Jammu railway line.

Madhopur was part of the Nurpur Princely state ruled by the Pathania Rajputs prior to 1849 A.D. Now it is known as the "Gateway of Punjab", a meeting point of the three northern states of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Due to its location, Madhopur serves as a travel hub for those three, and is a hub for the Indian Army. Madhopur is a small Punjab town in terms of population. It is the last point in Punjab on the national highway that connects Jammu and Kashmir with the rest of India. The Upper Bari Doab Canal starts from here, which is best known for its Hydraulic Research Station at the Upper Bari Doab Canal in Malikpur Sujanpur. Madhopur is situated in the foothills of Kangra and Dalhousie, with the Ravi River flowing close by. The city is sometimes used as a rest-stop before heading into the mountains of Jammu and Kashmir, Dalhousie, Chamba, and Kangra, into the Himalayas..

Attractions

Head works of Upper Bari Doab, Osho's Ashram and Shahpur Kandi are the attractions of this area. Madhopur is also used as a gateway to the Jammu and Kashmir hill stations of Kathua, Patni Top, Gulmarg. Madhopur is known for its natural environment. A garden made by the British Raj known as 'Pari Garden' was there which was recently destroyed  because of new hydro project, as are several buildings from the Raj era.

Airports close to Madhopur, Pathankot district
Pathankot Airport (9.5 km)

See also
Lakhanpur, Jammu

References

External links

 Jalandhar–Jammu railway marked on the OpenStreetMap

Cities and towns in Pathankot district


William Davison Hill (February 28, 1860 – November 6, 1944) was a farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Colchester County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1906 to 1911 as a Liberal member.

He was born in at Five Islands, Colchester County, Nova Scotia, the son of Daniel Hill and Esther Davison. In 1876, Hill married Nancy Fulton. Some time afterwards, he moved from the family farm and bought his own farm at Onslow. Hill raised cattle and horses and was also involved in the sale of lumber. In 1911, he was named to the province's Legislative Council.

References

1860 births
1944 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLCs


William Halsey Wood  (April 24, 1855 – March 13, 1897) was an American architect.

Early life
Wood was the youngest of four sons born to Daniel Halsey Wood and Hannah Lippincott Wood. Shortly after his birth in 1855, the family relocated from Dansville, New York to Newark, New Jersey, where Daniel Wood's company manufactured varnish. Family spiritual life centered around the House of Prayer, an Anglo-Catholic congregation where the children were introduced to ritualist liturgy and William became a member of the choir, eventually serving as its director.

Wood prepared for the architectural profession in a typical nineteenth-century pattern of practical experience and apprenticeship. During an unspecified time circa 1880, he is reported to have traveled to England and gained employment in the office of George Frederick Bodley, a leading figure in the High-church or Anglo-Catholic movement within the Anglican Communion. The Bodley connection is consistent with Wood's youthful experience at the House of Prayer, and that, with other family connections to the High Church party within Anglicanism, ultimately contributed to the character of Wood's own mature work.

On November 19, 1889, Wood married Florence Hemsley, a Philadelphian and member of the Church of St. James the Less in that city, one of the most prominent Anglo-Catholic congregations in America. The Woods bore three children: Emily (1890), William Halsey, Jr. (1892), and Alexander (1894).

Career
From his practice in Newark, New Jersey, Wood focused on two characteristic building types of the late 19th century: large single-family residences and ecclesiastical designs principally for the Episcopal Church.

The young architect's earliest documented commissions are an 1878 house for his older brother D. Smith Wood and the William Clark House of 1879, both in Newark. There followed a variety of residential work, from a modest duplex for speculative investment to large suburban homes and urban townhouses. Three of his suburban homes were featured in Artistic Country-Seats by G. W. Sheldon, an 1886 publication that included work by McKim, Mead & White, Wilson Eyre and other notable turn-of-the-century designers. Wood's largest home, "Yaddo", was built in Saratoga Springs, New York for New York financier and philanthropist Spencer Trask and his wife Katrina Trask; "Yaddo" continues in use today as the home of a working colony of artists and writers.

Andrew Carnegie was also his client; the initial 1889 portion of the Carnegie Free Library of Braddock, Pennsylvania, the first of Carnegie's 1,679 public libraries in the US to open (1889) and the second to have been commissioned (1887), is Wood's design. It is believed that Wood met Carnegie through William Clark, also a Scottish immigrant. Wood's submission to the competition for Carnegie's larger library in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now Pittsburgh's North Side), the first of his libraries in the United States to be commissioned (1886) and the second to open (1890), was very favorably received, but ultimately was not selected.

While the architect's clients and projects varied widely, church clients formed the largest part of Wood's practice, especially for his own denomination.  From 1885 until his death Wood designed more than forty churches and parish buildings, all but four of them for Episcopal congregations.

The rural Church of St. John the Evangelist (1885), at Hunter/Tannersville, New York, for example, was designed for Wood's own family as a seasonal parish without resident clergy; Wood and his wife Florence Hemsley married there in 1889, with Wood's own brother Rev. Alonzo Lippincot Wood conducting the service and the bishop of Tennessee in attendance. The modest "Queen Anne" or "Eastlake" design, built of local granite boulders and wood-frame construction, expressed ecclesiological design principles promoted by the Oxford Movement.

Wood's masterpiece in New Jersey, still a vital congregation, is the First Baptist Peddie Memorial Church on Military Park in Newark (1888). Though often seen as being heavily influenced by Richardson, the massive two-towered building is really a nod toward twentieth century expressionism, its abstract masses seeming to burst from their bases like missiles from silos. There is nothing like it anywhere in the United States—National Romantic churches in Scandinavia are its closest contemporary designs. Also unique is its domed interior, designed to allow full immersion baptisms to occur while no less than three choirs sang in lofts directly above the pool. Its pulpit was also specially equipped for long Sunday sermons; Wood designed a press box adjacent to the elaborately carved aerie so that reporters could follow the preacher and file stories on the sermons for their Monday editions. The entire interior is wood paneled, and the carving is among the most elaborate in any church of its time. Only Richardson's Trinity Church in Boston matches its design in quality and material splendor.

At the opposite extreme, Wood entered and was one of four finalists in the competition for New York City's Cathedral of St. John the Divine, an unsuccessful proposal that would have been larger than any of its European counterparts. More typical examples of his work were for urban congregations in Newark, Passaic, Paterson and other communities in northeastern New Jersey and in New York City.  One of these is Christ Episcopal Church in Bloomfield & Glen Ridge.

The geographic range of Wood's client list was also wide, including commissions in Alabama, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Missouri and Wyoming. His most distant commission was for Saint John's University, Shanghai, China. Two of these commissions were cathedrals: St. Mary's at Memphis, Tennessee and St. Matthew's at Laramie, Wyoming. With few significant deviations, these churches were "Gothic Revival" or "Richardsonian Romanesque" in style and adhered closely to liturgical design principles promoted by the High Church party and its publishing organs The New-York Ecclesiologist and, later, The Churchman.

Assessment
In March 1897, Wood died from tuberculosis at the Philadelphia home of his father-in-law, Alexander Hemsley. He was buried in the churchyard of St. James-the-Less, a traditional Anglo-Catholic congregation in keeping with his own churchmanship.

Wood died during an important transition in American architecture; a shift from the exuberance—some have said excesses—of nineteenth-century eclecticism to the functionally based perspectives of twentieth-century Modernism. Even during his own lifetime, Wood was seen as a participant in that process of transition. The next generation of architects and architectural critics, however, discounted his career as derivative, seeing only the historicist aspects of the architect's work, his reliance upon Medieval prototypes and imagery. Architect and preservationist James Marston Fitch, for example, dismissed Wood and other Richardsonians altogether: "...some of them, like Halsey Wood’s grotesque mimicry of H. H. Richardson’s Trinity, make one flinch at their awfulness".

One of the first to re-appraise Wood in a more positive light was the early 20th century medievalist, Ralph Adams Cram, himself a competitor for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Writing ten years after Wood's death, Cram observed "...he thought Gothic as instinctively as the best thirteenth-century master-mason of them all", and that "religious architecture staggered under the blow" when Wood died at the age of 41. Almost three decades later, Cram's enthusiasm was unabated, writing "For my own part I think Halsey Wood was potentially one of the greatest architects of modern times".

Another positive assessment came in 1936 from architectural critic and urban theorist Lewis Mumford, whose writings were instrumental in understanding the 1880s "as the seedbed of modern architecture". In "The Sky Line", his regular column in The New Yorker, Mumford linked Wood with H. H. Richardson and others who had lain the groundwork for Modernism.

Selected works

 William Clark House, Newark, New Jersey (1873)
 Christ Church in Bloomfield & Glen Ridge, New Jersey (Episcopal)
 Church of St. John the Evangelist, Hunter/Tannersville, New York (1885)
 St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Chattanooga, Tennessee (1880s)
 St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Washington, New Jersey (1886)
 First Baptist Peddie Memorial Church, Newark, New Jersey (1888)
 St. Michael and All Angels Episcopal Church (Anniston, Alabama) Anniston, Alabama (1888)
 Carnegie Free Library of Braddock (National Historic Landmark), Braddock, Pennsylvania (1888)
 St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Kansas City, Missouri (1888)
 Sixth (now St. Paul's Portuguese) Presbyterian Church, Newark, New Jersey (1888)
 Wickliffe Presbyterian Church, Newark, New Jersey (1888; demolished)
 St. Simon-by-the-Sea, Mantoloking, New Jersey (1888–1889; attributed)
 St. John's College, Shanghai, China
 St. Paul's Episcopal Church (now St. Agnes & St. Paul's), East Orange, New Jersey (1891)
 Zion and St. Timothy's Episcopal Church, New York City (1891; destroyed by fire)
 St. Matthew's Episcopal Cathedral, Laramie, Wyoming (1892-1896)
 St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Paterson, New Jersey
 St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Owego, New York (1893–1894)
 Saint John's Church (Episcopal), Passaic, New Jersey (1894)
 Breslin Memorial Tower, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee
 Trinity Episcopal Church, Northport, New York (1889)
 Yaddo, Spencer and Katrina Trask residence, (National Historic Landmark) Saratoga Springs, New York
 108-112 Willow Street, Brooklyn, New York, for Spencer Trask
 Church of the Good Shepherd (National Historic Landmark), Hazelwood, Pennsylvania (1891)
 St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral, Memphis, Tennessee (1897–1898; completed posthumously)
 Church of the Ascension, Oakland (Pittsburgh) Pennsylvania (1898)

References

Further reading
 Artistic Country-Seats: Types of Recent American Villa and Cottage Architecture, with Instances of Country Club-Houses by George William Sheldon (1886; reprinted 1982 as American Country Houses of the Gilded Age, edited by Arnold Lewis)
 William Halsey Wood Papers, New-York Historical Society, New York City
 "The Church of Saint Michael and All Angels, Anniston, Alabama: The Patron, the Architect, and the Buildings" by Patricia D. Cosper (1994; Thesis/dissertation; <https://www.worldcat.org/title/church-of-saint-michael-and-all-angels-anniston-alabama-the-patron-the-architect-and-the-buildings/oclc/32186244>

External links
 http://www.njchurchscape.com/Index-Aug06.html
 http://www.smethporthistory.org/mainwest/600.block/st.lukes/W.Halsey%20Wood.html
 http://www.stmaaa.org/history.html
 http://saintmatthews.qwestoffice.net/History.htm
 Brief biography at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings

1855 births
1897 deaths
19th-century American architects
American Anglo-Catholics
Artists from Newark, New Jersey
Burials at the Church of St. James the Less
People from Dansville, New York


The 1988 New Orleans Saints season was the team's 22nd as a member of the National Football League (NFL). They were unable to match their previous season's output of 12–3, winning only ten games and missing the playoffs (and losing the division) by a tiebreaker, going 6-6 vs. NFC opponents compared to 8-4 for the San Francisco 49ers and Los Angeles Rams. Road losses to the Washington Redskins and Minnesota Vikings, as well as a sweep by San Francisco, ended up being the difference in New Orleans staying home and the California teams advancing.

With the Louisiana Superdome hosting the 1988 Republican National Convention; all but the last pre-season game (against the Pittsburgh Steelers) for the Saints were played on the road.

Offseason

NFL Draft

Training Camp
Prior to the start of the 1988 season, the Saints held training camp for the first time at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse in La Crosse, Wisconsin. The team would hold training camp in La Crosse through the 1999 season.

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Schedule

Game summaries

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3
The Saints won for the first time in Detroit going 0-4-1 in their previous five trips to Michigan (three to Tiger Stadium and two to the Pontiac Silverdome).

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8
The Saints defeated the Raiders for the first time in six meetings (the 1971 matchup, the first between the teams, ended in a 21-21 tie).

Week 9

Week 10

Week 11

Week 12
In the Broncos' first appearance in the Louisiana Superdome since Super Bowl XII 11 years earlier, the Saints defeated Denver for the first time in five tries, and posted their largest margin of victory at the time.

Week 13

Week 14

Week 15

Week 16

Standings

References

New Orleans Saints seasons
New Orleans
New


Slavery in Europe may refer to:

 Atlantic slave trade (involving Europe)
 Slavery in medieval Europe
 Slavery in modern Europe
 Slavery in circa-WWII Europe

See also
:Category:Slavery in Europe for a list of slavery by particular country topics


Friedrich (Fritz) Bronsart von Schellendorf (born 16 June 1864 in Berlin – died 23 January 1950 in Kühlungsborn) was a German officer and politician. He was the chief of Staff of the Ottoman Army and was one of the many German military advisors assigned to the Ottoman Empire. He replaced Otto Liman von Sanders who was assigned to the Aegean region following disagreements with Enver Pasha. He was instrumental drafting initial war plans for the Ottoman Army. Many historians consider Bronsart von Schellendorf to have been complicit in the Armenian genocide. Archives show that he issued orders to deport Armenians.

Schellendorf's comments in 1919:Schellendorf was an ardent supporter of Hitler in the 1930s.

Notes

1864 births
1950 deaths
German Army generals of World War I
German mass murderers
Ottoman military personnel of World War I
Imperial German collusion with war crimes by the Ottoman Empire
Lieutenant generals of Prussia
Military personnel from Berlin
Military personnel from the Province of Brandenburg
Armenian genocide perpetrators
Expatriates in the Ottoman Empire
Expatriates from the German Empire


Offset Software was a video game development company based in Newport Beach, California. It was founded by Sam McGrath, Travis Stringer, Trevor Stringer and Rod Green; except for Green, they had worked for S2 Games developing Savage: The Battle for Newerth, which won the grand prize at the Independent Games Festival in 2004.

The company had one game under development, a first-person shooter with the working title "Project Offset". (Some official preview videos have shown third-person views for close-quarters combat.) The game featured a detailed high fantasy world. It was showcased on Attack of the Show! in 2005.

In February 2008, Intel acquired Offset Software, having purchased the Havok engine in 2007.

Intel canceled the game in mid-2010, citing "recent changes in our product roadmap" (possibly meaning the failure of Larrabee as a consumer product). The founders of Offset Software have moved to a new game development studio named Fractiv LLC.

The Offset Engine was licensed by Red 5 Studios in 2006 to create their MMOFPS game Firefall. Intel shutting down the Offset team did not mean Red 5 could no longer use the engine. The game used a heavily modified engine originally based on the Offset Engine.

References

External links

Video game development companies
Video game companies established in 2004
Video game companies disestablished in 2010
Intel software
Companies based in Newport Beach, California
Defunct video game companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Greater Los Angeles


Fritz Aigner (July 13, 1930 – January 9, 2005) was an Austrian graphic artist and painter.

Biography
Aigner studied at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna from 1947 to 1952. In 1952 he won an Austrian state fine arts prize for his artwork Die Klage des verlorgenen Sohnes. He worked later as an artist in Spain, Ireland, London and his hometown, Linz.

Aigner's work was overtly influenced by that of Rembrandt, notably in his oil painting Rembrandts Trick mit dem Licht. He was nicknamed "the Rembrandt of Linz". His artwork often featured dark, acherontic and apocalyptic scenes with allusions to society and well-known society figures.

After his death an Austrian journalist described Aigner as "an artist who dealt with the conflict areas eros and religion and between surrealism, realism and fantastic realism. Even allusions to the border of caricature can be found in his work."

Aigner's first marriage to the woodcut artist Auguste Kronheim ended in divorce and in 1969 he married Helga Aigner, with whom he had six children. He had exhibitions with three of his sons, Paul Florian, Matthias Claudius and Lukas Johannes Aigner, who also became artists. He died at the age of 74 in the Wagner-Jauregg Hospital in Linz.

Selected works
Amerikaner
Sauregurkenzeit
Orpheus und Eurydike
Kannibalismus an einem Dichter
Selbstporträt mit doppelten Augen
Zachers Requiem für Oskar Schimonek

Exhibitions
The Nordico Museum in Linz, Aigner's hometown, scheduled an exhibition of his work for the period September 29, 2008, to January 11, 2009, with the title "Child Prodigy and Painting Machine". A book with the same title was released in conjunction with the exhibition.

References

External links
Aignerart.at
Galerie Lehner
Nordico Museum

1930 births
2005 deaths
20th-century Austrian painters
20th-century Austrian male artists
Austrian male painters
21st-century Austrian painters
21st-century Austrian male artists
Academy of Fine Arts Vienna alumni


Mujhe Chaand Chahiye is a television series that aired on Zee TV channel in 1998–1999. The series was shot in a town called Chanderi in Madhya Pradesh, starring  Tejaswini Kolhapure, who started her acting career with this series. The series is based on the eponymous Hindi novel by Surendra Verma.

Concept
The story revolves around the life of a girl named Varsha and her journey towards the big world. Despite being raised in a small town (Shajahanpur), Varsha's confidence in achieving her aim is very high. She wants to be a professional stage actor and, being ahead of her time, her thoughts are too evolved to be appreciated by her family. She wants to accomplish her goal. Urged by her teacher one day, she goes to Lucknow, learns stage acting and gets admitted into the National School of Drama, which becomes the launchpad for her career.

Not only does she become successful, she becomes a superstar. But in her attempt to become the queen of glamour, she realises how shallow the glamor world is. At this point, she starts to realise that her family values, though old, were fulfilling. Now she is afraid to go back home, because she believes that her family might not accept her. The question remains: Will she be able to leave the world of glamour?

Cast
Raja Bundela
Kamalika Guha Thakurta as Divya
Tejaswini Kolhapure as Varsha
 Rakesh Paul as Kishore
Amit Behl
Rashmi Goda as Jhalli
Ambar Singh
 Manav Kaul as Mohan

References

Indian television soap operas
Zee TV original programming
2002 Indian television series debuts


Christie Ambrosi (born December 21, 1976) is an American, former collegiate All-American, gold-medal winning Olympian, right-handed softball player and current Head Coach, originally from Overland Park, Kansas. She attended high school at Blue Valley Northwest High School. Ambrosi was a shortstop and outfielder for the UCLA Bruins in the now-named Pac-12 Conference from 1996-97, 99, winning a national title in her final year and was named All-Tournament. She later helped Team USA to a gold medal in the Sydney Olympics. Ambrosi held several coaching positions and is now head of the SVSU Cardinals softball team.

Career

She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where she received a gold medal as a member of the American winning team. Ambrosi contributed a hit and RBI at the games.

Christie attended UCLA, where she was All-American all four years, and won the division 1 National Championship.  She has a gold medal from the 2000 Olympic Games, and the Pan-American Games.

Christie recently played in the Celebrity All-Star slow pitch game hosted at Community America Park in Kansas City, Kansas.

No longer with SVSU

Statistics

UCLA Bruins

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
UCLA Bruins softball players
Olympic softball players for the United States
Softball players from Kansas
Softball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in softball
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women
21st-century American women


Ghurkauli is a town and market center in Hariyon Municipality in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. The formerly village development committee was transformed into municipality merging the existing village development committees i.e. Atrouli, Sasapur, Ghurkauli and Hariyon on May 18, 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7336 people living in 1253 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Populated places in Sarlahi District


"Muleta" is a pop song written and recorded by Chilean singer and songwriter Francisca Valenzuela and this song is the fifth official single from her first solo debut studio album, Muérdete La Lengua, released in Chile on October 2, 2008.

Song information
The song was written in 2005 by Francisca Valenzuela, and the single was produced by Mauricio Durán and Francisco Durán members of Chilean Rock band Los Bunkers. The song was released on October 2, 2008 on Radios and October 16, 2008 in Digital Download in this format includes a remix featuring Jorge Gonzalez, member former of Los Prisioneros.

Music video
The official music video for the song "Muleta" was premiered on MTV Latin America on October 7, 2008, later on October 30, 2007 was premiered on Via X and Zona Latina. The music video was directed by Nicolas Mantzer Weisner The video was filmed in New York, United States and shows to Francisca playing a guitar in the New York City Subway,and taking walks in Central Park wearing colorful spring outfits. The music video debuted in MTV Los 10 + Pedidos Latin America and peaked at number 7 so far.

Track listing

CD Single
 "Muleta" (Radio Version) – 3:38
 "Muleta" (Album Version) – 3:42
 "Muleta" (Jorge Gonzalez Remix) – 4:56

Digital Download Single
 "Muleta" (Album Version) – 3:42
 "Muleta" (Jorge Gonzalez Remix) – 4:56

Release history

External links

Official Music website
Official MySpace
Official Blog
Lyrics of this song – Muleta

2008 singles
2007 songs
Francisca Valenzuela songs
Songs written by Francisca Valenzuela


TV4 is the state-owned public broadcaster serving the Mexican state of Guanajuato. It broadcasts on 30 total transmitters statewide and is operated by the Television Unit of Guanajuato (UTEG), which under its stated mission, provides educational programming, social and cultural television and healthy entertainment for children, youth and adults.

TV4 is available statewide, covering 98% of the territory of Guanajuato in addition to statewide cable television carriage and satellite distribution via Mexicanal and Canal Sur Mexico.

In some form, TV4 programming reaches more than 3 million viewers both in Mexico and abroad, including in the United States.

History
In December 1979, the state government and the Dirección General de Radio, Televisión y Cinematografía (RTC), then in charge of the Televisión Rural de México network, agreed that TRM programming and broadcasts would be regionalized to deliver information oriented specifically to address needs of the local population. The result was that in various states, TRM built regional opt-outs into its programming schedule.

Two years later, the first broadcasts through TRM's regional network provided local programming for one hour daily. This later increased as new infrastructure was constructed, with the first test broadcasts of channel 4 in 1983 and later supplemented by regional FM radio broadcasting (see XHJUA-FM).

In April 1983, Radio y Televisión de Guanajuato (Radio and Television of Guanajuato, RTG) was created as a state-supported organization to broadcast social, educational and cultural programming.

In 1999, the radio network was spun off and given to the University of Guanajuato. By then, it included stations in León, Guanajuato and San Miguel de Allende, all of which are now part of the university's radio network. The rest of the former RTG was then restructured, becoming in 2001 the Unidad de Televisión de Guanajuato (Guanajuato Television Unit or UTEG).

In the 2010s, TV4 transitioned to digital and high definition. The León transmitter was the first to convert to digital, receiving its authorization in September 2011. Others were authorized in the years leading up to the Mexican digital transition in 2015.

A reaward of all of TV4's concessions effective January 1, 2022, resulted in new call signs across the network.

Programming
TV4 produces around 48 percent of its program output, which includes kids' shows, educational programming, local sporting events, and newscasts covering Guanajuato. It fills the remainder of its broadcast day with Deutsche Welle programs, as well as productions from the other state networks. TV4 also offers coverage of local cultural events such as the Festival Internacional Cervantino.

Transmitters
TVCUATRO is available through a statewide network of repeaters located throughout Guanajuato. There are 27 main stations and a further three translators of XHCPDQ (formerly XHLEG), the León transmitter. TV4 uses virtual channel 4 in all areas.

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While all TV4 transmitters held authorizations at the time to broadcast in digital, and the León and Celaya transmitters were the first to broadcast as such, the León transmitter was the only one that shut off its analog signal on December 11, 2015.

In March 2018, in order to facilitate the repacking of TV services out of the 600 MHz band (channels 38-51), ten transmitters of TV4 were assigned new channels for continued digital operations. XHGCO, XHLEG, and XHGTA were assigned channel 25; XHGJI and XHGSC were assigned channel 30; and XHGAC, XHDLG, XHATO, XHGHU, and XHGJR were assigned channel 35.

TV4 programming is available to Guanajuatense audiences abroad via Mexicanal and Canal Sur México; in the US, broadcasts are also available from DirecTV and though multicasting.

Digital subchannels
All TV4 transmitters are multiplexed, carrying two subchannels with programming primarily consisting of TV4 repeats: TV4 Media on channel 4.2 and TV4 Expresa on channel 4.3.

References

Public television in Mexico
Television channels and stations established in 1979
Television stations in Guanajuato


The postage stamps and postal history of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is linked to those of the two British colonies and of Australia to which the Indian Ocean archipelago was successively attached.

A postal agency existed there between 1933 and 1937, and permanently since 1952. The archipelago has issued postage stamps since June 1963 and had postal independence from 1979 to 1993. Between 1963 and 1979 with the Australian Post Office and since 1 January 1994 with Australia Post, the Cocos Islands' and Australia's stamps are valid in both these territories.

According to Stanley Gibbons catalogue, the Australian Post Office issued 31 stamps between 1963 and 1979, compared to 264 by the local authority between 1979 and 1993. During the ten first years of postal responsibility, Australia Post issued 112 stamps.

Before 1955 and the Australian control
During World War I, the Battle of Cocos opposed the German Kaiserliche Marine and the Royal Australian Navy for the control of Cocos telegraphic post, that permitted communications between the United Kingdom and the Pacific Ocean Dominions.

A postal agency was opened in the Cocos between 1 April 1933 and 1 March 1937. Postage stamps of the Straits Settlements were available successively picturing Kings George V and George VI. The Cocos were administered from the Settlements.

During World War II, the British forces defended the islands' telecommunication devices against the Japanese advance. The postal agency reopened on 2 September 1952 with stamps of Singapore.

Under Australian control

Australian postal territory
In 1955, with the independence of Singapore being prepared, the United Kingdom gave control of the Cocos Islands to Australia. The Australian legislation was introduced, including the postage system, stamps and the currency, the Australian pound replacing the Malaya and British Borneo dollar. However the post office was considered a non official one: the local postmaster was paid with a commission depending on his financial results.

On 11 June 1963, the Australian Post Office issued six stamps bearing the mention "COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS", that appeared on all the islands' stamps until late 1993, and illustrated with subjects linked to the islands' life and geography. The series was drawn and engraved by E. Jones.

On 14 February 1966, the Australian decimalisation imposed the use of stamps of Australian alone, whose denominations were in Australian dollar and cents. The new definitive series for Cocos Islands in the new currency was issued on 9 July 1969. The twelve stamps pictured local fauna and flora. They were replaced on 29 March 1976 by a new twelve stamp series about the ships of the Cocos history.

Philatelic and postal independence
In the late 1970s, Australia bought the Clunie-Ross family's property of the islands and gave a large autonomy to the inhabitants. The post service became independent from Australia and issued its two first postage stamps on 1 September 1979 picturing the flag of Australia, map and the atoll landscape on the 20 cents, and the Statutory Council on the 50 cents. Stamps of Australia were no more valid in the islands.

The philatelic program was entirely printed by printers in Melbourne. Topics were linked to the archipelago and its patriotism: fauna and flora, local and maritime history for the first ones, Australian flag and events of the Royal family for the second.

Australia Post
Following the example of Christmas Island in March 1993, the postal service of the Cocos Islands was transferred from the local authority to Australia Post. Cocos Islands stamps issued since 1994 and bearing the mention "COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS AUSTRALIA" are valid in Australia and the stamps of Australia are on the archipelago too.

One or two annual issues have been issued since 1994, only about local topics, a large part about fauna.

Synthesis

References
 "Cocos (Keeling) Islands", Commonwealth Stamp Catalogue. Australia, Stanley Gibbons, 4th edition, 2007, , pages 112–117.

Philately of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Philately of Australia
Postal history of Australia
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Postage stamps of Australia


Dhungrekhola  is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 11,958.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Populated places in Sarlahi District


Jennifer Lynn Brundage (born June 27, 1973) is an American, former collegiate All-American softball player and current assistant head coach for Michigan. She played college softball for the UCLA Bruins from 1992 to 1995 and won the 1992 Women's College World Series championship. Brundage was named Honda Sports Award for softball as Player of the Year in 1995. As a part of Team USA softball, she won a gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.

Career
She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where she received a gold medal as a member of the American winning team.

Brundage was a four-year letter receiver in softball at UCLA. She won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's top softball player in 1995. She began her college softball career as assistant coach at UCLA Bruins, then was an assistant coach at the University of Tennessee, Chattanooga before joining the University of Michigan coaching staff in 1998.

Coaching career
Brundage helped lead the 2005 Michigan Wolverines softball team to their first Women's College World Series in 2005 as an assistant coach and pitching coach.

Statistics

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Softball players from California
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Michigan Wolverines softball coaches
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in softball
Olympic softball players for the United States
Softball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
UCLA Bruins softball players
UCLA Bruins softball coaches
Sportspeople from Orange, California
Softball coaches from California
Chattanooga Mocs softball coaches


Cape San Antonio, or in Spanish Cabo San Antonio, is a cape extending into the Atlantic Ocean on the eastern coast of Buenos Aires Province in eastern Argentina.  It lies south of Samborombón Bay.

Notes

References
Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1997.

San Antonio
Landforms of Buenos Aires Province