Piers Holt Wilson (known as Peter; January 1883 – 3 February 1956) was an Anglican bishop in the mid part of the 20th century.

Early Years and Education
Wilson  was born in Redgrave Hall, Redgrave, Suffolk, England to George Holt Wilson and Lucinda James. After the death of his mother when he was 3 years old, he was brought up by his sister Evelyn. He was educated at Sherborne School and Oriel College, Oxford. After studying at Oxford, he taught in a Prep School for boys. He entered Wells Theological College situated in Wells after he was ordained in 1909. He was a curate in Kettering, a town in the northern part of Northamptonshire. He was one of 7 curates to the vicar the Reverend Patrick Smythe. He became priest-in-charge of All Saints St Andrews in 1920 and later rector in 1930. In 1940 he was appointed Dean of the Diocese of Saint Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane.

Bishop
On April 8, 1943, he was elected as Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness, succeeding Bishop Arthur Maclean. He was enthroned as bishop on 29 June 1943 by the Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church the Most Reverend Logie Danson. Bishop Wilson retired as Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness in 1953. He settled back in St Andrews. He died in 1956.

WWI
As soon as World War I began in August 1914, Wilson enlisted. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps from 1914 to 1915, first as a stretcher-bearer then later as a Chaplain in the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign of 1915. After serving with the Royal Army Medical Corps, Wilson entered the Royal Army Service Corps then, from 1916 to 1919, he served as a chaplain in the Royal Armed Forces. He was mentioned in dispatches and awarded the military O.B.E. for his part in evacuating people from an airfield in France. He received a letter signed by Winston Churchill.

Marriage
Wilson married the widow of his friend who had died during WWI in 1915. Wilson married Ella Lee in 1920 and went to live in St Andrews after he was appointed rector of All Saints by his former vicar and by then Dean of St Ninian's Cathedral in Perth, Patrick Smythe.

Notes

1883 births
People educated at Sherborne School
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Deans of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane
20th-century Scottish Episcopalian bishops
Bishops of Moray, Ross and Caithness
1956 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Medical Corps officers
Royal Army Service Corps officers
Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers


Želite li da postanete milioner? (, Do you want to become a millionaire?) is a Serbian game show based on the original British format of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. The show is hosted by Ivan Zeljković.

The main goal of the game is to win 5 million Serbian dinars (earlier – 3 million dinars) by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are four lifelines – fifty fifty (pola-pola), phone a friend (pozovi prijatelja), ask the audience (pitajte publiku) and switch the question (zamena pitanja, since 2007, this lifeline is unlocked when player wins 5,000 dinars). From 2010 to 2011 when show move to Prva Srpska Televizija fourth lifeline switch the question (zamena pitanja) was replace to ask one of the audience (glas naroda, there contestant ask 3 people from audience for answer; this lifeline is unlocked when player wins 5,000 dinars).

Želite li da postanete milioner? is broadcast from 2002 to 2011. From 2002 to 2006 it was shown on RTV BK Telecom, from 2007 to 2009 on B92, and from 2010 to 2011 on Prva Srpska Televizija. From 2002 to 2006 the biggest prize was 3 million dinars, but from 2007 to 2011 it is 5 million. When a contestant gets the fifth question correct, he leaves with at least 5,000 dinars (earlier 3,000). When a contestant gets the tenth question correct, he leaves with at least 150,000 dinars (earlier 96,000).

The biggest prize ever won on this show is 2,500,000 dinars by Agošton Legvari from Bačko Gradište and Saša Tomić from Požarevac.

The game's prizes

References

External links
Official site

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Serbian game shows
2002 Serbian television series debuts
2011 Serbian television series endings
RTV BK Telecom original programming
Non-British television series based on British television series
id:Super Milyarder 3 Milyar
sr:Желите ли да постанете милионер?


John Bartlett Pierce (June 2, 1844 – June 23, 1917) was an American industrialist who founded the Pierce Steam Heating Company, a forerunner of the American Radiator Company.

Biography
Pierce was born June 2, 1844, in Embden, Maine. His first business enterprise was a store in Buffalo, New York, acquired 1872. He subsequently took on an assistant Joseph Bond, who was experienced in the installation of furnaces and stoves. In 1881 Pierce and Bond founded the Pierce Steam Heating Company of Buffalo.

In 1892 he merged his company with the Detroit Radiator Company and the Michigan Radiator and Iron Company to form the American Radiator Company.

Pierce was married twice, but died childless in Lynnfield, Massachusetts on June 23, 1917. His will left company stock, valued at more than $1 million, to more than 400 friends and employees, and designated additional funds to endow a private foundation.

Legacy
The John B. Pierce Foundation was established in 1924 to promote research, educational, technical or scientific work in the general field of heating, ventilation and sanitation.

References

1844 births
1917 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople


"You Are My Sunshine" is a popular song.

You Are My Sunshine may also refer to:

Films
You Are My Sunshine (2005 film), a South Korean film
You Are My Sunshine (2015 film), a Chinese film

Music
You Are My Sunshine (Copeland album)
You Are My Sunshine (Elizabeth Mitchell album)

Television
"You Are My Sunshine" (Miracles), an episode of the American television series Miracles
"You Are My Sunshine", season 6, episode 12 of Sons of Anarchy

See also
"You're My Sunshine", a song by Namie Amuro


Midshipman (foaled March 26, 2006, in Kentucky) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.

Owned by Stonerside Stable and trained by Hall of Famer Bob Baffert, as a two-year-old Midshipman won 3 of 4 starts, including the Breeders' Cup Juvenile and Del Mar Futurity.

Two weeks before his run in the Breeders' Cup, Midshipman was sold to Darley Stable and as part of the sales agreement was transferred to trainer Saeed bin Suroor after the race.

The colt was a leading contender for the 2009 Triple Crown but fell off due to a 'soft tissue injury.'

Midshipman made his 3-year-old debut in an allowance optional claiming race on Sept 18 at Belmont Park, which marked his first start on traditional dirt.  He won by 3 lengths over co-favorite Just Ben.

Midshipman also ran in 2009's Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile, where he finished 3rd to the longest shot in the race, Farthest Land.

Race record

References

2006 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Breeders' Cup Juvenile winners
Thoroughbred family 16-g


Edith Matilda Thomas (August 12, 1854 – September 13, 1925) was an American poet who "was one of the first poets to capture successfully the excitement of the modern city."

Life
Born in Chatham Center, Ohio, Edith Thomas was  educated at the normal school of Geneva, Ohio, and attended Oberlin College (though she had to drop out). She taught school for two years, and then became a typesetter.

She began writing early for the local newspapers, then was encouraged by author Helen Hunt Jackson to send verse to more important periodicals. She "gained national attention with her poetry....  Scribner's, The Atlantic Monthly, The Century and other prominent magazines published her poems." Jackson's "enthusiasitic endorsement produced almost immediate literary celebrity."

In 1884, Canadian poet Charles G.D. Roberts wrote of her that "as far as I am aware her poems are not yet gathered in book form, and are therefore only to be obtained, few in number, by gleaning from the magazines and periodicals. Yet so red-blooded are these verses, of thought and of imagination all compact, so richly individual and so liberal in promise, that the name of their author is already become conspicuous.... We are justified in expecting much from her genius."

Her first volume appeared in 1885 entitled A New Year's Masque and Other Poems.

In 1887 she moved to New York City, where she worked for Harper's and Century Dictionary. She lived in New York for the rest of her life. She published over 300 poems between 1890 and 1909, although "the demands of the leading literary magazines constantly exceeded her supply."

On her death she was called "one of the most distinguished American poets” by The New York Times.

Her Selected Poems came out in 1926, a year after her death.

Writing
Canadian poet Sir Charles G.D. Roberts wrote that "Miss Thomas’s work, in some of its best characteristics, recalls to me Shakespeare’s sonnets."

In Modern American Poetry, Louis Untermeyer called her "the author of some dozen books of verse, most of them lightly lyrical in mood, although a few of her poems have a more dramatic quality. The best of her work may be found in Lyrics and Sonnets (1887), The Inverted Torch (1890), and The Flower from the Ashes (1915).

Thomas acknowledged Helen Hunt Jackson as a major influence on her work.

The biographical dictionary Notable American Women says that "she drew her principal literary inspiration from the lyrics of John Keats. She was a classic poet in her prosodic regularity and in her continuing attention to Greek subjects. She was romantic in her emphasis on the self, although an aura of sentiment and pathos kept her from developing  a constructive romantic position.... She was one of the first poets to capture successfully the excitement (the "ardent bulbs") of the modern city, and one of the most consistent in crying out against the inroads of the dollar sign on American culture."

Publications
 A New Year's Masque and Other PoemsBoston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1885. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1885.
 The Round Year. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1886.
 Lyrics and Sonnets. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1887.
 Babes of the Year. New York: F.A. Stokes, 1888.
 Babes of the Nations. New York: F.A. Stokes, 1889.
 Heaven and Earth (1889)
 The Inverted Torch. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1890.
 Fair Shadow Land. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1893.
 In Sunshine Land. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1895.
 In the Young World. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1896.
 A Winter Swallow, With Other Verse. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1896.
 The Dancers. Boston: R.G. Badger, 1903.
 Cassia, and other Verse. Boston: R.G. Badger, 1905.
 Children of Christmas. Boston: R.G. Badger, 1907.
 The Guest at the Gate. Boston: R.G. Badger, 1909.
 The Flower from the Ashes. Portland, ME: T.B. Mosher, 1915.
 The White Messenger, and Other War Poems. Boston: R.G. Badger, 1915.
 Selected Poems, ed. Jessie Belle Rittenhouse ed. New York, London: Harper Brothers, 1926.

References

For an essay on Thomas by Kevin De Ornellas see Early American Nature Writers: A Biographical Encyclopedia by Daniel Patterson (Editor), Greenwood Press (2007), .

Notes

External links

 Works by Edith Matilda Thomas at Harvard University Library
  (including 7 "from old catalog")

1854 births
1925 deaths
19th-century American poets
20th-century American poets
American women poets
People from Ashtabula County, Ohio
20th-century American women writers
19th-century American women writers
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century


The Norwegian Oil and Gas Association () is a professional body and employer’s association for oil and supplier companies.

More than 100 companies associated with oil and gas activities on the Norwegian continental shelf belong to the Norwegian Oil and Gas Association. Their main office is  located at Forus, Stavanger. They also have offices in Oslo and Harstad.

External links
Official site

Employers' organisations in Norway
North Sea energy
1981 establishments in Norway
Organizations established in 1981
Organisations based in Sandnes
Petroleum organizations


Somebody Loan Me a Dime is a 1974 studio album by blues singer and guitarist Fenton Robinson, his debut under the Alligator Records imprint. Blending together some elements of jazz with Chicago blues and Texas blues, the album was largely critically well received and is regarded as important within his discography. Among the album's tracks is a re-recording of his 1967 signature song, "Somebody Loan Me a Dime". It has been reissued multiple times in the United States and Japan, including with bonus tracks.

Critical reception

The album overall received good reception by critics and is described by the 1993 The Big Book of Blues as "essential listening." AllMusic in its review characterized the album as "one of the most subtly satisfying electric blues albums of the '70s". New York based WGMC blue radio host Jeff Harris describes the album as "one of the era’s true masterpieces", Robinson's "pinnacle".

Village Voice Robert Christgau offers some dissent; though he graded the album a B+ overall, indicated that Robinson's voice (though well utilized) lacked power, his songs lacked hooks (aside from "Gotta Wake Up") and his music was "stylish and thoughtful" but restrained. AllMusic's Bill Dahl, by contrast, praised Robinson for the power of several composition and focused particularly on his voice, a "deep, rich baritone [that] sounds more like a magic carpet than a piece of barbed wire," indicating that Robinson "speaks in jazz-inflected tongues, full of complex surprises." Harris, too, pays particular attention to Robinson's voice, which he describes as "a thing of beauty, a deep, rich baritone that glides along and is a perfect counterpoint to his elegant guitar work."

Music
The album includes a new recording of "Somebody Loan Me a Dime", that Robinson had originally released in 1967 for the Palos label. The song is regarded as Robinson's signature piece and his best-known number. In 1969, Boz Scaggs popularized the song with rock audiences, when he recorded it with Duane Allman on lead guitar for his second album.  Although Scaggs is listed as the songwriter on the original album, later reissues credit Robinson. The title song serves as the background music during the opening scenes of the movie The Blues Brothers, a movie responsible for revitalizing Aretha Franklin's career.

Jeff Harris identifies as among Robinson's influences on the album B.B. King and T-Bone Walker, "but with a strong jazzy inflection and plenty of grit". All About Jazz, concurring with those influences, places the musician on "the smoother side" of the genre of Chicago blues with some elements of Texas blues.

Release history
The album was Robinson's debut for the Alligator Records label, the first of three for the label. (For his second, I Hear Some Blues Downstairs, Robinson was nominated for a Grammy Award.) Prior to his contract with Alligator, Robinson had encountered difficulties finding a studio home for his music. The album has been subsequently reissued a number of times by Alligator in the U.S. and internationally by Japanese labels Pony Canyon and P-Vine. The 2001 P-Vine re-issue includes two bonus tracks: "I Hear Some Blues Downstairs" (4:16) and "As the Years Go Passing By" (4:49).

Track listing
Except where otherwise noted, all tracks composed by Fenton Robinson
"Somebody Loan Me a Dime" – 2:54
"The Getaway" – 4:17
"Directly from My Heart to You" (Little Richard) – 4:17
"Going to Chicago" (Traditional) – 3:46
"You Say You're Leaving" (Big Joe Williams) – 3:15
"Checking on My Woman" – 3:23
"You Don't Know What Love Is" – 3:50
"I've Changed" – 4:23
"Country Girl" (Rudy Toombs) – 4:55
"Gotta Wake Up" – 4:25
"Texas Flood" (Larry Davis, Don Robey, Joseph Wade Scott) – 4:12

Personnel
Fenton Robinson – guitar, vocals
Dave Baldwin – tenor saxophone
Cornelius Boyson – bass guitar
Elmer Brown – trumpet
Tony Gooden –|drums
Bill Heid – keyboards
Norval D. Hodges – trumpet
Bill McFarland – trombone
Mighty Joe Young – guitar
Bruce Iglauer – record producer

References

Fenton Robinson albums
1974 albums
Albums produced by Bruce Iglauer
Alligator Records albums
P-Vine Records albums


The Skogbrukets Landsforening (, SL) is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.

It was established in 1928 under the name Skogbrukets Arbeidsgiverforening.

The current Director General is Haavard Elstrand. Chairman of the board is Gudbrand Kvaal.

References

External links
Official site

Employers' organisations in Norway
1928 establishments in Norway
Organizations established in 1928


Switch is a 2007 Norwegian snowboard film. The main actors are Sebastian Stigar, Ida Elise Broch, Peter Stormare and Hilde Lyrån. The film was nominated to an Amanda for the best youth film, but ended up at second place, beaten by Mannen som elsket Yngve (The man who loved Yngve).

References

External links

2007 films
Norwegian sports films
2000s Norwegian-language films
2007 action films
2007 drama films
2000s sports films


The Katian is the second stage of the Upper Ordovician. It is preceded by the Sandbian and succeeded by the Hirnantian Stage. The Katian began  million years ago and lasted for about 7.8 million years until the beginning of the Hirnantian  million years ago.
During the Katian the climate cooled which started the Late Ordovician glaciation.

Naming
The name Katian is derived from Katy Lake (Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States).

GSSP
The GSSP of the Katian Stage is the Black Knob Ridge Section in southeastern Oklahoma (United States). It is an outcrop of the Womble Shale and the Bigfork Chert, the latter containing the lower boundary of the Katian. The lower boundary is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Diplacanthograptus caudatus. This horizon is 4.0 m above the base of the Bigfork Chert.

References

.
Ordovician geochronology


NHO Transport, formerly the Federation of Norwegian Transport Companies (, TL) is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. It is also a member of the International Association of Public Transport and the International Road Transport Union.

It was established in 1929 under the name Norges Rutebileieres Forbund. On 1 February 2011, the name was changed to NHO Transport.

The current Director General is Christian Aubert. Chairman of the board is Harald Vålandsmyr.

References

External links
Official site

Employers' organisations in Norway
Organizations established in 1929
1929 establishments in Norway
Transport in Norway


The Sandbian is the first stage of the Upper Ordovician. It follows the Darriwilian and is succeeded by the Katian. Its lower boundary is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Nemagraptus gracilis around  million years ago. The Sandbian lasted for about 5.4 million years until the beginning of the Katian around  million years ago.

Naming
The name Sandbian is derived from the village Södra Sandby (Lund Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden). The name was proposed in 2006.

GSSP
The GSSP of the Sandbian is the Fågelsång section () at Sularp Brook, east of Lund (Skåne, Sweden). It is an outcrop of shale and mudstone. The lower boundary of the Sandbian is defined as the first appearance datum of graptolite species Nemagraptus gracilis in that section.

References

.
Ordovician geochronology


The Dapingian is the third stage of the Ordovician period and the first stage of the Middle Ordovician series. It is preceded by the Floian and succeeded by the Darriwilian. The top of the Floian is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Baltoniodus triangularis which happened about  million years ago. The Dapingian lasted for about 2.7 million years until about  million years ago.

History
The Ordovician was divided into three series and six global stages in 1995; in 2005, this was amended to seven stages with the formalization of the Hirnantian stage as the last stage in the Late Ordovician. The Dapingian was the last Ordovician stage to be ratified, and was initially referred to as an informal and unnamed "third stage" corresponding to the early part of the Middle Ordovician. This third stage was meant to represent the appearance of several major index fossils. The conodont Baltoniodus triangularis, a species found in Baltica and China, defined the base of the regional Baltic Volkhov stage. Another conodont, Tripodus laevis, defined the base of the Whiterockian stage in western North America. T. laevis was also roughly correlated with the appearance of Isograptus v. lunatus, an abundant worldwide graptolite.

The Whiterock Narrows section in the Ninemile Formation of Nevada was the initial suggestion for the GSSP of the third stage, but a 2001 review of the site revealed that its local conodont fauna was misaligned with wider graptolite zonation. In its place, two formal GSSP candidates were proposed. The Niquivil section of Argentina used another widespread species, Protoprioniodus (Cooperignathus) aranda, as a proxy for B. triangularis, T. laevis, and graptolites, which were absent from the section. The Huanghuachang section of China hosted a more diverse fauna of index fossils, including Baltoniodus triangularis and biostratigraphically useful graptolites and chitinozoans. The Huanghuachang section was approved as the GSSP for the third stage in 2006, and was ratified by the ICS in 2007.

Naming
The Dapingian is named after Daping, a village that lies near the Dapingian GSSP at Huanghuachang. Daping is very close to an outcrop with similar rocks, the "Chenjiahe section" (formerly "Daping section") in Chenjiahe. The name of the Dapingian stage was introduced in 2007 and approved alongside the stage's ratification, beating out earlier suggestions such as "Volkhovian" and "Huanghuachangian".

GSSP

The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Dapingian is the Huanghuachang section (), in Huanghuachang, Yichang, China. It is an outcrop of the Dawan Formation. The lower boundary is defined as the first appearance of the conodont species Baltoniodus triangularis in the type section. Radiometric dating has constrained the Floian-Dapingian boundary at  million years ago. The exact boundary lies 10.57 m above the base of Dawan Formation.

Regional stages
The Dapingian overlaps with the upper part of the Arenig, a geologic stage used in England. It is also equivalent to the lower part of the North American Whiterockian stage, most of the Baltic/Russian Volkhov stage, and the Castlemainian and Yapeenian stages which have been used in Australia and Scandinavia.

References

Ordovician geochronology


The Norwegian Hospitality Association () is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.

The CEO is Kristin Krohn Devold and the Chairman of the board is Ole Warberg.

The Norwegian Hospitality Association is a member organization consisting of hotels and other accommodation, restaurants, catering and other food service businesses. Members also include campsites, family amusement parks, alpine facilities and other attractions. Member businesses make their living offering experiences ranging from lodging to rafting: in short, anything in the area of tourism.

The Norwegian Hospitality Association has 2500 member businesses with a total of 55,000 employees and annual turnover nearing NOK 30 billion. The organization covers the entire country, has seven district offices and is one of the three largest national associations in the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NHO). The affiliation with the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise enables the Norwegian Hospitality Association to benefit from the organization's extensive resources. The Norwegian Hospitality Association desires to participate actively in the shaping of Norwegian industrial policy and seeks to influence decisions that public bodies take nationally or locally. Its overarching aim is to create enhanced profitability for its member businesses.

The Norwegian Hospitality Association is a party to wage negotiations, at the same time as it has extensive expertise in wage and employer issues. Member businesses also have the advantage of such services as the Norwegian Hospitality Association's Service Office. Co-operation agreements for purchasing from a number of major suppliers to the industry make considerable savings for member businesses.

In 2005, hospitality businesses contributed NOK 80 billion to GNP. Lodging and food service comprise 10,759 businesses that have NOK 52 billion in sales and employ 88,975 persons, which constitutes 4.1 percent of the total employment in Norway.

References

External links
Official site

Employers' organisations in Norway


Banco del Café (English: Bank of the Coffee), commonly known as Bancafé, was a bank in Guatemala that collapsed because of bad loans and panicked withdrawals set off by an investigation by Guatemala's Superintendencia de Bancos in 2006.  This eventually brought the bank down.

References

Companies of Guatemala


Rodovia Régis Bittencourt (official designation in the state of São Paulo SP-230) is a section of the BR-116 that connects the cities of Taboão da Serra and Rio Negro, passing also through Curitiba, Brazil. It is considered one of the most dangerous highways of Brazil, due to the high number of accidents. Sometimes it is even nicknamed "Rodovia da Morte" (Death Highway). It also leads the number of ambiental accidents in the state of São Paulo.

Duplication
Régis Bittencourt was, for the most part, duplicated around the year 2000. However, there was a stretch on a simple track, 19 km long, in the mountain region between Miracatu and Juquitiba, called Serra do Cafezal, in the state of São Paulo. In this stretch, the heavy traffic of heavy cargo vehicles (corresponding to up to 60% of the total), the rugged topography and poor conservation, have been causing increasing traffic jams and fatal accidents, being one of the highways with the highest rate of accidents with fatalities.

As of 2008, long negotiations dragged on between the concessionaire and IBAMA on the route with the least environmental impact and the lowest cost of carrying out the duplication of the most rugged topography stretch Serra do Cafezal, until the final project was released. After protests by the Brazilian population, the concessionaire began the duplication works of Serra do Cafezal, also known as "Serra dos 90", in 2010. The first duplicated sections were partially delivered between 2012 and 2015. The works were fully concluded in December 2017, after bureaucratic obstacles involving environmental licenses.

Photos

See also
 Highway system of São Paulo
 Brazilian Highway System

References

Highways in São Paulo (state)
Federal highways in Brazil


Abelia is an employers' organisation in Norway, organised under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.

It was established in 2001, and has 680 member companies. The current managing director is Paul Chaffey. Chairman of the board is Terje Wold.

References

External links
Official site

Organizations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Norway
Employers' organisations in Norway


Jorge Jurado García is a Spanish actor.

Filmography

Television
 Los Serrano (2003–2008) as Francisco "Curro" Serrano
 Ankawa (2006) as guest role

Film
 Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007) as Enrique

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Male actors from Madrid
Spanish male film actors
Spanish male television actors
Spanish male child actors


The Norwegian Federation of Craft Enterprises () is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.

It was established in 1993 under the name Håndverksbedriftenes Landsforening (HBL).

The current director is Merethe Sunde. Chairman of the board is Vibeke Giske.

References

External links
Official site

Employers' organisations in Norway
1993 establishments in Norway


Papyrus 43, designated by siglum  (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript containing text from the Book of Revelation, specifically Rev 2:12-13, and 15:8-16:2. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), the manuscript has been dated to the 6th or 7th century CE.

Description

Scholars W. E. Crum, and H. I. Bell describe  as "a small scrap of light-coloured papyrus... [written] in two, rough, inelegant sloping hands." Though the lines on each side are long, it is likely the papyrus only had extracts from Revelation on it, as it is hardly possible to have text from chapters 2 and 15 if the text was continuous. The text on the reverse side (known as the verso) being the opposite way around to the text on the front side (known as the recto) supports this conclusion.

The Greek text of this codex is considered a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category II of his New Testament manuscripts classification system due to its assigned date.

It is currently housed at the British Library (Inv. 2241) in London.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading

New Testament papyri
6th-century biblical manuscripts
Book of Revelation papyri


Peter Seeberg (22 June 1925 – 8 January 1999) was a Danish modernist novelist and playwright, inspired by the French existentialists. He made his literary debut in 1956 with the novel Bipersonerne. He was born in Skrydstrup in Haderslev Municipality

Peter Seeberg graduated from Haderslev Cathedral school in 1943 and pursued an education as an archaeologist. Together with his authorship was he a museum custodian in Viborg. Seeberg graduated with a Magister Artium (The Artists Teacher) in 1951 from University of Copenhagen, with a concentration on Friedrich Nietzsche. Seeberg's own life mirrored Nietzsche's life; they both had distant mothers and both their fathers died early. Seeberg's own father was also an author and was a missionary priest. Seeberg's entire family was Christian and according to Seeberg's own journal, was centered on a jealous and vengeful God.

He was awarded the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1983 for the short story collection Om fjorten dage ("In Fourteen Days").

Awards
Nordic Council's Literature Prize 1983

References

1925 births
1999 deaths
Danish male novelists
Nordic Council Literature Prize winners
Recipients of the Grand Prize of the Danish Academy
20th-century Danish novelists
20th-century Danish dramatists and playwrights
Danish male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Danish male writers
People from Viborg Municipality
People from Haderslev Municipality


The Federation of Norwegian Coastal Shipping (, RLF) is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise.

The current director is Harald Thomassen. Chairman of the board is Geir E. Aga.

The Federation of Norwegian Coastal Shipping is both an employers federation and an industrial association. The federation which is an organization within NHO (The Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry), is representing more than 50 shipping companies with a total of 5.500 employed seamen on board approximately 400 ships in coastal trade.

The members of the federation cover a broad range of business as e.g. car ferries, fast passenger crafts, coastal express steamers, tugs, cargo ships, tankers, reefers, cable ships and rescue boats.

Employers' organisations in Norway
Shipping trade associations


The 1025 demonstration() was a demonstration on 25 October 2008 sponsored by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and Taiwan Solidarity Union in Taipei, Taiwan. This protest march was launched five months after the inauguration of President Ma Ying-jeou and was preceded by an earlier 30 August 2008 protest in August which focused on Ma's failing economic plans.

The protesters marched against the perceived pro-China policies of the Ma administration. An estimated half a million people were reported to have participated in the march. It was planned by the DPP in response to the Chinese tainted milk powder scandal and Taiwan's perceived growing ties with the People's Republic of China (PRC).

Background

Cross-strait relations

The People's Republic of China claims that self-ruled Taiwan is its 23rd province. The PRC has threatened the use of force if Taiwan declares de jure independence from China.

Zhang Mingqing, the deputy chairman of the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait, arrived in Taiwan about a week before the protest. When asked by reporters to comment on President Ma's remarks that there will be no war across the Taiwan Strait in the next four years, Zhang expressed that there will never be war in the Strait if there is no Taiwan independence.

During a private visit to the Taiwan Confucian Temple in Tainan, Zhang fell to the ground as he encounters a small number of protesters led by the DPP's Tainan City legislator Wang Ting-yu. It was not clear whether he tripped or was pushed down, but Zhang was hurt. The car that Zhang was in was attacked and damaged when a protester jumped on the top of the car. Later, Zhang remarked, "Those who commit violence do not get what they want, but instead drop a rock on their own feet." as well as "A handful of compatriots in Tainan were involved in the violence (against me). They do not reflect the true feelings of the vast majority of compatriots in Tainan, nor the 23 million people of Taiwan."

Tainted products
The safety of Chinese food products has become a major issue in Taiwan. The Ma administration's policy of normalising cross-strait relations has been perceived by the pro-independence supporters as forming closer ties with the PRC. The milk scandal became not only a public health issue, but a political one as well. The government's ability to address the issue was questioned by the general public and the media. The Department of Health was heavily criticized by the Consumers' Foundation and investigated by the Control Yuan.

Other than condemning the PRC, DPP demanded that President Ma should request compensation from the PRC. DPP chairwoman Tsai Ing-wen also criticized the government for being "weak" toward the PRC. Some Kuomintang legislators, on the other hand, criticized the PRC government for notifying Taiwan late after the news had already been reported by Taiwanese media.

Organization

Parade routes

 "Oppose Toxic Goods" (approx. 3.9 km)
 "Oppose One China Education" (approx. 3.4 km)
 "Oppose the Hollowing Out of Sovereignty" (approx. 3.8 km)
 "Oppose a One China Market" (approx. 4.2 km)
 "Oppose the Incompetent Government" (approx. 4.8 km)

The planned starting point of the first route "Oppose Toxic Goods" was the Dinghao Plaza. Some of the politicians who took this route were former President Chen Shui-bian, former president of the World United Formosans for Independence Peng Ming-min and current president Ng Chiau-tong, and former foreign minister Chen Tang-shan.

The participants of the "Oppose One China Education" route started out in front of the main gate of the National Taiwan University. Protesters are mostly students who resisted the government's policy to recognize mainland Chinese academic qualifications. Leaders of this group include DPP chairwoman Tsai Ing-wen, former Kaohsiung mayor Yeh Chu-lan, current mayor Chen Chu, and Kaohsiung County magistrate Yang Chiu-hsing.

The third route was organized by the TSU. Protesters marched from the Lungshan Temple. The TSU convened about 20,000 people including members of Victims of Investment in China Association. The participants protested against Ma's perceived policy of "damaging Taiwan's sovereignty".

The fourth route was led by former premier Yu Shyi-kun, who was accompanied by Yunlin County magistrate Su Chih-fen, deputy magistrate Lee Ying-yuan, Tainan County magistrate Su Huan-chih, and Tainan mayor Hsu Tain-tsair. Protesters held a banner with slogan "Love Yunlin, Rebut Chen Yunlin!" The last route "Oppose the Incompetent Government" was led by former DPP chairman Su Tseng-chang. Protesters T-shirts with slogans such as "Defend Taiwan" and "I am Taiwanese, not Chinese."

Demonstration

Because the protest march was launched primarily by the Democratic Progressive Party, participants were predominantly pan-green. Former DPP chairmen Yao Chia-wen, Su Tseng-chang, and Yu Shyi-kun all participated in the march.

Despite recent corruption controversies, former President Chen Shui-bian also marched and took the "Oppose Toxic Goods" route, although he did not finish the route. This was Chen's last appearance at a public political event before his arrest on November 11. The DPP organizers announced that there were over 600,000 protesters.

According to the pro-independence Taiwan East Society (), there were some pan-blue or Kuomintang supporters who signed up for the event. The chairman of the organization said that President Ma's pro-China policies had irritated many Taitung residents.

Controversial officer
When protesters asked a police officer whether her boss is President Ma or not, the officer, surnamed Chou, responded that she worked for the People's Republic of China (PRC). The response irritated pan-green supporters, and an apology was immediately demanded. Chou apologized and left the scene.

The director of the National Police Agency Wang Cho-chiun later publicly apologized for the conduct of the officer, saying she has "damaged the police's public image." Wang also said that the officer will be punished for sure.

Responses
President Ma Ying-jeou said he would listen to the voice of the people and respond to their criticism, but maintained that the main direction of his government policies remained the correct one.

See also
 517 Protest

References

2008 in Taiwan
Protests in Taiwan


The Don S. S. Goodloe House, a 1915–16 Colonial Revival style building veneered with brick, is significant for its association with Don Speed Smith Goodloe, the first principal of the Maryland Normal and Industrial School. The school, now Bowie State University, was Maryland's first postsecondary school for African Americans. As principal of the school from its opening in 1911 until 1921, Goodloe directed and managed this public institution through its formative years, a period characterized by the state's unwillingness to provide adequate funding for the housing and training of the students, while two white normal schools under the state were well funded.

Forced to provide his own housing, Goodloe had this large and commodious house built to accommodate not only his family, but also students for which he received additional income from the state. The house was designed by John A. Moore, an African American architect from Washington, D.C. Goodloe occupied the house until his death in 1959. It remained in the possession of Goodloe's heirs until 1990.  The Goodloe house is the only building from the college's early period still standing.  It is currently named the Goodloe Alumnihouse at Bowie State University.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

References

External links
, including photo in 1986, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Colonial Revival architecture in Maryland
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Buildings and structures in Bowie, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
African-American history of Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses completed in 1916
Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland


The Wisconsin Tax Appeals Commission is an independent state agency that was created by the Wisconsin State Legislature to hear and determine disputes between taxpayers and the Wisconsin Departments of Revenue and Transportation.  The Wisconsin Tax Appeals Commission also resolves tax disputes in the areas of individual income, corporate income, sales, cigarette, real property title transfer, homestead credit, and many more. It has its own website, beginning in 2021, at https://taxappeals.wi.gov/Pages/home.aspx.

References

State agencies of Wisconsin


OM TV is a subscription based-channel, entirely dedicated to the French football team Olympique de Marseille. The channel offers Marseille fans exclusive interviews with players and staff, full matches, including replays of all Ligue 1, Coupe de France, Coupe de la Ligue, Champions League/UEFA Cup and friendly games, in addition to vintage matches, footballing news and other themed programming. OM TV stopped broadcasting on August 31, 2018 for her digital modernization on the social networks and the website.

References

External links
www.om.net

Olympique de Marseille
Sports television networks in France
Television stations in France
Defunct television channels in France
Television channels and stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in France
Mass media in Marseille
Football club television channels
Football mass media in France


Norman Robert Garbo (February 15, 1919 – December 20, 2017) was an American author, lecturer and portrait painter.

Life and career
Garbo was born in New York City on February 15, 1919, as the son of Maximilian W. and Fannie Garbo. He attended City College (now known as the City College of the City University of New York) from 1935 to 1937. Garbo also studied at the New York Academy of Fine Art from 1937. He began working as a portrait painter in 1941 and also worked as a writer and lecturer. In 1941, he joined the military with the start of World War II. He enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces, where he achieved the rank of lieutenant.

Garbo married Rhoda Locke on April 15, 1942. The couple's son and only child is named Mickey. Garbo later resided in Sands Point, an area of Long Island, New York. He died there on December 20, 2017, at the age of 98.

Selected bibliography

 Pull up an Easel (1955, 1976)
 Confrontation with Howard Goodkind (1966)
 The Movement (1969)
 To Love Again:  A Psychiatrist's Search for Love (1977)
 The Artist (1978)
 Cabal (1979)
 Spy (1980)
 Turner's Wife (1983)
 Gaynor's Passion (1985)
A Sudden Madness (1985)
 Dirty Secrets (1989)

References

External links
 Norman Garbo Biography at the Biography Resource Center
 Books by Norman Garbo at Openlibrary.org

1919 births
2017 deaths
Military personnel from New York City
People from Sands Point, New York
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Writers from New York City


"Heaven" is the debut single of American rock band Los Lonely Boys. The song was written by brothers Henry, Jojo and Ringo Garza, who comprise the foundation of the band, and it appears on their multi-platinum self-titled album.

Reception
Released as a single on January 26, 2004, "Heaven" reached the top 40 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at 16 in August. Later that year, the song began a sixteen-week run at number one on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart in October. It was also a minor hit at country radio, where it peaked at number 46.

AllMusic reviewer Thom Jurek describes the song as "infectious" and draws comparisons to the music of Freddie King, Stevie Ray Vaughan and Los Lobos. He states that "Heaven" is "a single in the old sense of the word: killer hook, easy groove, a slippery but unmistakable bridge with a beautiful vocal to boot -- all coming in under four minutes."

Awards
The success of "Heaven" led to two Grammy Award nominations and one win for the band at the 47th Grammy Awards, held in early 2005. The song won in the category Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, while Los Lonely Boys were nominated in the category Best New Artist, losing out to Maroon 5.

Track listing
US and UK CD single
 "Heaven" (album version)
 "Heaven" (live acoustic version)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

In popular culture
 In late 2004, the song was covered by the Christian Latin rock band Salvador for their album: So Natural. The cover received heavy radio play on Christian radio.
 The song is featured in the 2008 Nintendo DS game Guitar Hero: On Tour with a completely different guitar track.
 Bo Bice performed "Heaven" as part of the fourth season of American Idol in May 2005, which led to a 77% increase in sales for Los Lonely Boys' self-titled album the week following this performance.
 The song is featured in the TNT television show Saving Grace, at the end of season one, episode one.

References

See also
 List of Billboard Adult Contemporary number ones of 2004 and 2005 (U.S).

2004 singles
2004 songs
Epic Records singles
Los Lonely Boys songs
Macaronic songs


Dagpo Rinpoche (born 1932), also known as Bamchoe Rinpoche, is a lama in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

Biography
Born in Dhagpo, located in southeastern U-Tsang in Tibet, Dagpo Rinpoche was recognized by the Thirteenth Dalai Lama as the reincarnation of Dagpo Lama Jampel Lhundrup when he was only two years old. At age six, Rinpoche entered Bamchoe Monastery where he first learned to read and write, studying Tibetan Buddhism.

At age thirteen, Dagpo Rinpoche began studying Buddhist philosophy at Dagpo Shedrup Ling. When he was twenty four, he continued his studies at Drepung Monastery.

Throughout his studies, Dagpo Rinpoche had the opportunity to study under many great Buddhist masters such as the Dalai Lama, Ling Rinpoche, and Trijang Rinpoche.

In 1959, as the Chinese invaded Tibet, he followed the Dalai Lama into exile in India.
In 1961, he moved to France, where he took up a research and teaching position at INALCO at Sorbonne University in Paris. He started several Buddhist centers, first in France and later in the Netherlands, Switzerland and Asia. He has been particularly active in teaching and reviving Buddhism in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Dagpo Rimpoche is considered a reincarnation of the 10th century Buddhist master Dharmakīrtiśrī (Tibetan: Serlingpa; Wylie: gser gling pa; Chinese: 金州大師, literally "from Suvarnadvīpa"), also known as Kulānta and Suvarṇadvipi Dharmakīrti, a renowned 10th century Buddhist teacher in Sumatra (Indonesia). In Tibetan Buddhism, Serlingpa is remembered as a key teacher of Atiśa, an 11th-century Bengal teacher who responsible for a major transmission of Buddhism to Tibet.

Quotes

See also

References

External links
The Star (Malaysia), March 12, 2007, "Tibetan Spiritual Master Releases New Book"
Institute Ganden Ling
Guru's Feet
Lho Gyu Shertchine Ling
Dagpo Rinpoche's Pathway to Happiness
“Is Buddhism Still Relevant in the 21st Century?”
Canada Tibet Committee

1932 births
Living people
Lamas from Tibet
Buddhist monks from Tibet
French people of Tibetan descent
Rinpoches
20th-century lamas
21st-century lamas


Toomas Nipernaadi is a 1928 Estonian novel by August Gailit, as well as the (assumed) name of the novel's protagonist. It was strongly influenced by neo-romanticism. The story of the book was made into a film titled Nipernaadi in 1983. The novel appeared in English translation in 2018.

Character

The character is an archetypical traveller; a vagabond.  He is noted for frequent lying, for promising something to everybody around him, and to beautiful women in particular — but always moving on before his promises can be fulfilled. Nipernaadi is a writer who spends his summers travelling incognito around Estonia. Despite the roguish nature of his behavior, he still somehow brings hope to the stagnant backwater villages he breezes through, inspiring the inhabitants to turn their own dreams into reality.

The novel has given modern Estonian the word "nipernaadi," a somewhat whimsical term for an adventurous traveller who wants to experience something off the beaten track or beyond the usual tourist sights. The news and public affairs station Radio Kuku, for instance, has a regular travel feature called "Nipernaadid" (The Nipernaadis).

References

Nipernaadi, Toomas
Toomas Nipernaadi
Toomas Nipernaadi
Estonian novels adapted into films


The U.S. Post Office in Troy, New York, United States, is located at 400 Broadway, on the corners of Fourth (US 4) and William Streets, the tenth location it has occupied in the city's history. It serves the ZIP Codes 12179 through 12182, which cover different sections of the city. In 1989 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and it is also a contributing property to the Central Troy Historic District, which covers much of the city's downtown commercial area.

It was built during the Great Depression as part of a massive statewide public works initiative to stimulate the economy and provide jobs. Louis Simon, supervising architect for the Treasury Department, used a stripped-down Classical Revival style for the post office, which replaced a much-beloved older one. Painter Waldo Peirce added two murals to the building's lobby in 1938, making Troy's one of only three post offices in the U.S. with his artwork.

Building

Exterior

The post office is a two-story, 7-by-10-bay steel frame building on granite foundation. Its two main facades (Broadway and Fourth) frame their entrances with engaged two-story pilasters on molded bases and capitals. At the top of the pilasters is a simple frieze. At the end bays the frieze is decorated with abstract stars and stripes with winged shields at the corners, where the stone surface beneath them changes from ashlar to rusticated. The Broadway frieze has the words "UNITED STATES POST OFFICE", reflecting the main entrance located underneath it.

That main entrance is reached by a set of granite steps. It is surrounded by limestone and flanked by original wrought iron lamps and lampposts. The windows to the sides are trimmed in decorative limestone as well, their bays recessed like the main entrance and the central eight bays of the Fourth Street side. A secondary entrance, similar to the main entrance but with less decoration, is located two bays north of Broadway.

The north and east (William Street) facades are faced in buff-colored brick laid in common bond, with limestone coping. To the north the building projects one bay from the main section; this ell includes the loading dock facilities. A brick chimney rises from the northeastern corner.

Interior

Inside, two connected lobbies parallel the main facades. An original glazed aluminum vestibule on the main entrance, and a small marble lobby on the secondary, give way to a terrazzo floor, dark green marble base and veined white marble dado. The plaster walls are divided into four recessed bays flanked by marble pilasters, rising to a ceiling cornice with classical detailing. While the furniture in the lobbies is newer, most of the teller windows and the iron grillework above them, and some of the post office boxes, are original.

At either end of the lobby is a mural by Waldo Peirce, both with regional themes. The eastern one depicts Rip Van Winkle and the west one is called Legends of the Hudson. Peirce did very few public commissions, and only two other U.S. post offices (in Westbrook, Maine and Peabody, Massachusetts) have murals by him.

History

Troy's first post office was established in 1796, within a decade of the city's founding, in a local law office on First Street. Over the next century it was housed in seven other downtown locations, the last two being for long periods, in the Atheneum Building on First Street (1846-1882) and the Masonic Temple on Third (1882-1894). When Congress authorized the construction of the city's first federal building in 1886, the post office was among the agencies slated for space in the new building.

The land for the new federal building cost the government $99,982 and then an additional $323,000 in 2008 dollars to build starting in 1890. It was opened in 1894; the granite Romanesque Revival-style building's clock tower became one of the city's most enduring landmarks, dominating the downtown skyline.

In 1931, as the Great Depression was beginning, an amendment to the Public Buildings Act of 1926 authorized 136 separate postal construction projects to relieve growing unemployment. Troy's was one, but the Treasury Department, under whose umbrella the Post Office came at the time, was unable to begin the project for a few years, and it had to be reauthorized in 1934.

The plans called for the old building to be demolished; and once the newer design, by Treasury Department Supervising Architect Louis Simon, was made public there was outrage from some citizens that the popular older building was to be torn down only 40 years after it had been built. But it was insufficient to stop the project, and after $154,000 was spent to acquire the additional land the new building would need, the post office moved to the Hannibal Green Building across the street in 1934 for the two years it would take to build its new home. Stone from the old building can still be found in other parts of the city and its vicinity, used as retaining wall, fence posts and in one case, a gravestone.

Peirce painted his murals in 1938, two years after the new building opened. There have been few significant changes since then. In more recent years, an interior fire escape was added to the northwest corner, and one of the original teller bays  was converted into a self-service section. The original customer tables in the lobby, and the front doors themselves, have also been replaced.

Aesthetics

At the time the Troy post office was built, the Treasury Department preferred the Colonial Revival style for buildings in small towns and Classical Revival for those in cities. Simon generally worked on the former and left the latter to contracted architects, with Troy's being one of the few exceptions to that principle. His building shows the influence of other styles as well.

Classical Revival is the dominant mode, particular echoing early 19th-century Greek Revival public buildings in its rectangular plan. The influence of contemporary modernist approaches, particularly Art Deco, can be seen in the stylized, streamlined ornamentation.

Notes and references

External links

Troy, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Troy, New York
Government buildings completed in 1936
Buildings and structures in Troy, New York
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in New York (state)


Vanessa Zachos (born 3 May) is an English film and television actress from South African mixed heritage. She has appeared on American television as well as in international feature films opposite leading actors, including Ron Howard's BAFTA-nominated Rush.

Zachos was cast in a principal role opposite Chris Hemsworth in Ron Howards BAFTA nominated film Rush where she worked alongside Chris Hemsworth and Daniel Brühl. She appeared in her first guest star role on American television in an episode of J. J. Abrams award-winning TV series Fringe directed by P. J. Pesce for FOX Broadcasting Company. She portrays Anita Halina Janowska in the documentary film Rebel of the Keys and made her first European television appearance in Der Andere on the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation.

References

External links

Living people
21st-century South African actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)


Howard Carmack, also known as the Buffalo Spammer, was the first sender of spam in the United States to be imprisoned. He was arrested in New York in May 2003, and sentenced in March 2004 to between 3.5 and 7 years in prison.

Carmack sent out 825 million e-mails, fraudulently using the identities of two people from the city of Buffalo, as well as hundreds of aliases.

Before this conviction, Carmack also lost a lawsuit before a federal court in Atlanta, which required him to pay damages of US$14.5 million to Earthlink, his former internet service provider, for the same actions.

See also
List of spammers

References

Email spammers
People from Buffalo, New York
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


Uroš Đurić (; born 4 December 1964) is a Serbian conceptual artist, actor and painter based in Belgrade. He studied art history at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy and painting at the Faculty of Fine Arts in Belgrade. In 1980, he took part in Belgrade punk movement by joining Urbana Gerila as a drummer. Đurić became an active participant of the Belgrade art scene since 1989 by founding the Autonomist (anti)movement together with Stevan Markuš. In 1994 they published the “Autonomism Manifesto”. During the 1990s he often appears in feature films, works as graphic designer and as DJ at Academy night club, known as The Hole. Contributor to several documentaries and underground comics publishing. Founder of Remont gallery & art magazine. From 1992 to 2010 he collaborated with Belgrade Radio B92. In 2013–2018, he was one of the "Chasers" in Потера, the Serbian version of The Chase quiz show.

On the Conceptual Basis of the Works in Uroš Đurić’s Art Practice

by Stevan Vuković

“The author and the work are only the starting points of an analysis whose horizon is a language: there cannot be a science of Dante, Shakespeare, or Racine but only a science of discourses.”

Roland Barthes

Uroš Đurić’s strong presence in the popular media as a public personality, and his very charismatic appearance, constitute the major obstacles in grasping the specificity of the discourses he develops in order to intervene in the field of contemporary art and culture. What usually happens when his works, especially the ones that feature images of himself, are interpreted without insight into the grammar of visual language and into the conceptual strategies he uses, can easily be designated as a “naturalistic mistake”. It consists of equating micro-histories of his personal biography, as the biography of an empirical person who is the author of certain artworks, with the narratives that make up the visual content of those works, and with the features of the represented characters. The fact that he gets engaged with popular culture both in the fields of subcultures and of cultural industries (as an actor, radio host, underground punk musician), and in the field of critical and experimental visual art (as an author who recycles samples and schematics of popular culture in his work, which is mostly figural) gets condensed into a view of his works as functioning as “the organic representations” of those mechanisms of cultural production and of those subcultures.

“It is about the projection of personality as a mediator of ideas”, said Uroš Đurić in an interview published in 1996, explaining the role of his own image in the paintings he was producing at the time, adding that the “self-portrait makes it a historically determined model, the specific feature being that, in this case, the image of the author is activated as a part of the content by being included in the representation”.  From this quote, it is quite clear that, at least on the level of intentionality, the image of the author is not used as a simple mirror-image of himself or of his identity belongings and affiliations, but as a tool for conceptual manoeuvres. Therefore, Uroš Đurić may appear as an “organic intellectual”, in the sense of visually codifying and making more coherent, presenting and making more broadly present in the public, a specific shared non-hegemonic and, both culturally and socially, underrepresented world-view “in a way that is directive and organizational, i.e. educative, i.e. intellectual”,  but he does not do that as someone who enters the field of art from the outside. He does that as an artist fully belonging to it, and being formed by it, and within it. Thereby, he acts in a synthetic manner, as a link between the life worlds where minor cultures are developed, and the elitist art world, as defined in its hegemonic role. Uroš Đurić even made that clear himself in a discussion with the local art critic and art journalist Danijela Purešević, by stating the following: “I use figuration the way Duchamp used ready-made. I use figuration dually. And I am not a figurative painter. I am a pure conceptualist”.

Uroš Đurić is not a punk who paints. He performs conceptual manoeuvres by using a specific “painterly style” (or “style of representation” in his later works that are not paintings) treated as a ready-made. That enables him to resample different historical styles without actually paying tribute either to the artists who originally used them or to the actual times and contexts of use. He uses the surface of the painting, drawing, photography or a digital collage as a screen for projecting, not his own empirically and psychologically framed visions and desires, but those specific social issues that go far beyond what is screened in the public media or conventionally shown in major art shows. By using his own image in paintings, photographs, and digital collages, he produces an art of signs, an art of discourse, questioning the effects of visual images on the usual perception of identity, history and culture, and testing the implications of the use of these images for the art system and the models of perception of artworks as such. The subjectivity he demonstrates is not simply taken for granted but is already “deconstructed, taken apart, and shifted, without anchorage”.  It is rooted in language and effective in the realm of the symbolic. In his work, he places his self-representations at quite a distance from the psycho-biographic realm, which would be just visualized. As Roland Barthes stated, the life of the author cannot be considered as “the origin of his fables, but a fable that runs concurrently with his work.”

Autonomism and Populism

In 1994, Uroš Đurić wrote, together with Stevan Markuš, a manifesto entitled “The Autonomism Manifesto”. It was written in February and March 1994, and published as a leaflet, to be later included in the catalogue of their joint exhibition, held in Pančevo in June 1995. “It was created to reduce to a minimum the possibility of shallow stories about our painting”, stated their text of the Manifesto, referring to the history of its own making. Going back to the experiences of the local historical avant-gardes, namely, Zenitism, whose manifesto these artists not only quoted in their own manifesto but even claimed to repeat, they looked for a way to avoid being listed among the “urban section” of “figurative painters”, following the “other line” of former Yugoslav art, who institutionalized those practices within the histories of neo-avant-gardes, of neo-constructivists, conceptual and process art movements, considered to be tendencies of “radical”,  as opposed to “soft” modernism. They also did not feel quite comfortable with the concept of “monumental intimism”,  which placed them amongst the authors active in the “interspace between high art and the underground”,  with Đile Marković and Zoran Marinković, in the close proximity of authors such as Daniel Glid and Jasmina Kalić. Their use of images was more denaturalized than those of the artists who were reputedly stylistically close to them. Their relationship with the “underground”, on the other hand, was on the level of repetition of visual samples that were part of the imagery of empowerment, but in a context that was not the context of subcultures – they played with different rhetorical operations within the language of art, but materialized mainly as paintings of conventional format, and executed in conventional techniques, like oil on canvas. “We are classics”, they stated, in an ironic manner, while they were still students, and they said that in order to oppose classifications.  They wanted histories of their own, ones that escape the constraints of theory-led production, art-historian-dominated interpretation, and exhibiting within the framework imposed by curators. They wanted to create the context in which their work is produced, viewed and exhibited. That was Autonomism.

In the late nineties, Uroš Đurić started exhibiting mainly without Stevan Markuš. He switched his preferred techniques from oil painting and charcoal drawing to electronic collages, photographs, performances and whatever else might come as the most appropriate medium for the realization of some concrete project. What he kept was a passionate attachments to self-portraits, so that his own image still played the “theoretical object” in most of the works, only the process and the final result were much more open with respect to the manner of realization that before. His major project for the end of the nineties, and the project through which he developed another referential frame for his works, was entitled The Populist Project. As the author stated himself, the main objective of the project was to show the interaction between the star system and identity. Its components were titled God Loves the Dreams of Serbian Artists, Celebrities, Hometown Boys and Pioneers. The images of the author featured in different segments of the project, presenting him as part of the most prominent football teams in Europe, in the company of various public personalities, on the cover of an imaginary magazine entitled “Hometown Boys”, and among the most prominent authors in the field of art production and interpretation from what was once geopolitically labelled as Eastern Europe, all of whom were shown as proudly wearing a red pioneer scarf, in a glorious posture taken from the iconography of socialist realism. With this project, he went against the stereotypical social and political, not so much art-historical framing of his works. While most left-wing scholars in Serbia dealt with the issue of populism as determined to serve the right wing ideology, he demonstrated that populism had no pre-articulated social implication, and that in order to enter the struggle in the public arena, one has to be able to articulate it. His manner of articulation was rooted in the antagonistic potential of all the popular interpellations, connecting his populist project with the heritage of populist anarchism, which reappeared locally on the grass roots level whenever the local population was to be turned into members of a nation, party, etc. Instead of producing representations of all the invisible parts of the society within the field of art, which is the prevailing paradigm of socially specific works, he went directly into the populist media to work on antagonizing the attitudes towards the public images of celebrities, including his own, using those media the way he used canvas.

Integral version of the text was published in: Umelec international 3/2006

External links
Umelec International

Popboks
Experimenta Folklore - FAZ
O3ONE
18m Berlin

1964 births
Living people
Artists from Belgrade
Serbian painters
Serbian male actors
University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy alumni


The Best Of Gil Scott-Heron is a 1984 compilation album by American recording artist Gil Scott-Heron, released on the Arista label.

Track listing
All songs written by Gil Scott-Heron.

Side One

"The Revolution Will Not Be Televised" (1974)
"The Bottle" (1976)
"Winter in America" (1975)
"Johannesburg" (1975)
"Ain't No Such Thing as Superman" (1974)

Side Two

"Re-Ron" (1984)
"Shut 'Em Down" (1979)
"Angel Dust" (1978)
"B Movie" (1981)

External links
 Gil Scott-Heron Site

Gil Scott-Heron albums
1984 greatest hits albums
Arista Records compilation albums


William Lee Stoddart (1868–1940) was an architect who designed urban hotels in the Eastern United States. Although he was born in Tenafly, New Jersey, most of his commissions were in the South.  He maintained offices in Atlanta and New York City.

Early life and education

Stoddart was born in Tenafly, New Jersey. He attended Columbia University in New York City, although it is uncertain if he graduated.

Career
After departing Columbia University, Stoddart worked in the office of George B. Post for ten years before opening his own office.

Approach to design
Stoddart took pride in the efficient, rational design of his hotels, which reflected the enthusiasm for scientific management of his era. He expressed his approach to hotel design as a series of rules or formulas that would lead to maximum profitability. His design philosophy was similar to that of E.M. Statler's emphasis on efficiency in hotel architecture, except that Stoddart's hotels were smaller, less luxurious (e.g., not all guestrooms had ensuite bathrooms), and were in smaller cities. Both Stoddart and Statler aimed their hotels at serving the market niche of traveling sales representatives.

Commissions

1906 to 1920

 John W. Ferguson House, Paterson, New Jersey (1906–1907): This early commission by Stoddart was located at 421 12th Avenue. Despite being on the National Register of Historic Places, the house was demolished in 1988.
 Browning School, Tenafly, New Jersey (1907): This 2½-story brick school was built at 27 West Chester Avenue (corner of Tenafly Road) in a style described as Second Renaissance Revival. It has since been converted to residential condos, known as Browning House.
 San Carlos Hotel, Pensacola, Florida (1909–1910): This seven-story hotel was at 1 North Palafox Street and had 175 rooms when opened, later enlarged to 403 rooms during the 1920s. The hotel closed in 1982, and after a period of vacancy, was torn down in 1993.
 Georgian Terrace Hotel, Atlanta (1910–1911): In the Beaux Arts style, this 10-story hotel is located at 659 Peachtree Street NE, and has recently been renovated.
 Hotel Tybee, Tybee Island, Georgia (1911): This beach resort was the second hotel of this name on this site. It had 100 or 150 rooms (sources differ). It was razed in 1958.
 Dempsey Apartments, Macon, Georgia (1912): This nine-story apartment building was initially a 230-room hotel, and is now used for seniors' apartments. The building has been known as The Dempsey and as the Dempsey Motor Hotel, and its address has variously been given as 515 Cherry Street and 523 Cherry Street. Some sources give its height as 11 stories, because a 1970s addition has more floors than the original structure.
 Ponce de Leon Apartments, Atlanta (1912–1913): This 11-story structure, still in use at 75 Ponce de Leon Avenue, is across Ponce De Leon Avenue from the Georgian Terrace Hotel (above), and was designed in a Beaux Arts and Renaissance Revival style. The second through ninth floors had two large apartments per floor, and the top two floors consisted of small "bachelor suites."
 Hotel Savannah, Savannah, Georgia (1913): This ten-story building is located at 7 East Congress Street (address sometimes given as 36 Bull Street). When it opened in 1913, it had 200 rooms, with another 100 rooms in a 1921 addition. It has also been known as the Hotel Manger, Manger Building, and is currently the First City Club of Savannah.
 Winecoff Hotel, Atlanta (1913): This 15-story building at 176 Peachtree Street NW was renamed the Peachtree on Peachtree Hotel in 1951, and after being empty for many years, it re-opened as the Ellis Hotel in 2007. In 1946, the hotel had suffered a disastrous fire, killing 119 people. Of the 119 deaths, 36 died from falling or jumping. The hotel lacked fire escapes, and the sole staircase had no fire doors, which allowed the fire to spread rapidly from floor to floor.
 Schenectady County Courthouse, Schenectady, New York (1913): This is a 4-story classical structure, and the architect is listed as Stoddart and Weathers.
 Marion Building, Augusta, Georgia (1914): This 10-story structure, located at 739 Broad Street, was originally known as the Chronicle Building. After the city's 1916 fire, The Augusta Chronicle moved to 725 Broad Street, and the 1914 building was repaired and rechristened as the Marion Building.  The architects were William Lee Stoddart and Augusta architect G. Lloyd Preacher.
 Lamar Building, Augusta, Georgia (1913–1918): This 16-story office building at 753 Broad Street was named for Joseph Rucker Lamar, and was designed jointly by Stoddart with G. Lloyd Preacher, an Augusta-based architect. The building took so long to build because its construction was interrupted by a major fire in 1916 that destroyed much of downtown Augusta. In 1974-1975, a penthouse was added, designed by I. M. Pei. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
 Tutwiler Hotel, Birmingham, Alabama (1914): This structure, which stood at the corner of 20th Street North and Fifth Avenue North, was demolished in 1974. The current Tutwiler Hotel is not the same structure even though it is in a historic building from the same era.
 Connally Building, Atlanta (1915): At 54 Peachtree Street (corner of Alabama Street), adjacent to the Underground Atlanta retail center, this building has been so extensively renovated that it bears little resemblance to the original design, other than the terra cotta facade on the lower stories. This was originally a six-story office building with a terracotta facade, which replaced an earlier Connally Building on the site. In the 1980s, eleven stories were added and it was converted into a hotel. It has operated under the names Howard Johnson Plaza Suites, University Place at Underground,  The Suite Hotel at the Underground, and most recently it became a Fairfield Inn & Suites.
 Citizens National Bank Building (now Hilliard-Lyons Building), Evansville, Indiana (1916): This 12-story office building, with a stone and terracotta façade, stands at 329 Main Street (corner of Southeast 4th Street) in Evansville. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
 Penn-Harris Hotel, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (1918): This 12-story building was located at Third and Walnut Streets in Harrisburg. At its opening in 1918, it had 250 rooms, later expanded to 400 rooms after an addition was built in 1925. The hotel was operated by Niagara Falls businessman Frank A. Dudley and the United Hotels Company in 1933. The hotel closed in December 1972 and was demolished in 1973.
 O. Henry Hotel, Greensboro, North Carolina (1917–1919): This eight-story hotel had 170 rooms, each with bath or shower. It was on the southwest corner of North Elm and Bellemeade Streets. Following a fire in 1976, the hotel stood empty and was demolished in 1979. This hotel should not be confused with a 1998 hotel of the same name, on a different site in Greensboro.
 Hotel Farragut, Knoxville, Tennessee (1917–1919): This 9-story hotel is at West Clinch Avenue and South Gay Street. After extensive renovations, it now operates as the Hyatt Place Knoxville
 Montefiore Medical Center North Division Annex, Bronx, New York (1919): This three-story concrete building is at 4401 Bronx Boulevard, corner of Nereid Avenue (formerly 238th Street). It was originally built as a factory.

1920 to 1930

 High Point Hotel, High Point, North Carolina (1920): This 9-story hotel at 400 North Main Street was later known as Sheraton Hotel High Point. It is now the Sheraton Towers, and serves as apartments for seniors.
 Genetti Hotel, Williamsport, Pennsylvania (1921): Originally the Lycoming Hotel, this 10-story hotel at 200 West Fourth Street currently operates as the Genetti Hotel & Suites.
 Hotel Pennsylvania, Bedford, Pennsylvania (1922): This 5-story hotel, later known as the Penn Bedford Hotel, still stands at 116 East Pitt Street and is now known as the Hotel Pennsylvania Apartments. T.W. Biddle, Jr., was listed as the architect and Stoddart as "consulting architect and engineer" As built, it had 75 rooms with 45 baths, and a glass-covered roof garden.
 First National Bank of Charleroi, Charleroi, Pennsylvania (1919–1922): Located at 210 Fifth Street, this was originally the Wilbur Hotel, built in 1889 by an unknown architect. Stoddart was the architect for its remodeling as a bank. Among other changes, Stoddart added a Greek Revival facade. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 Second National Bank, Erie, Pennsylvania (1922): This one story (with mezzanine) classical structure was at the southeast corner of Peach Street and 9th Street, since demolished.
 San Juan Hotel, Orlando, Florida (1922–1923): Also known as San Juan de Ulloa Hotel, this eight-story structure was an addition to the existing 1885 hotel of the same name at the intersection of Orange and Central Avenues. The entire hotel was demolished in 1980.
 Bon Marché Building, Asheville, North Carolina (1923): Later known as Ivey's Department Store, and currently the Haywood Park Hotel. This four-story structure was Stoddart's only department store, and it was only in 1985 that it was converted into a hotel. As the building is located on a corner, its address is variously given as 26-32 Haywood Street and as One Battery Park Avenue.
 George Washington Hotel, Washington, Pennsylvania (1923): Located at 60 South Main Street, this complex included a movie theater which has been demolished, but the hotel itself continues to operate and has been renovated in 2007. The hotel's Oval Room, now a banquet room, had originally functioned as the theater foyer.
 Battery Park Hotel, Asheville, North Carolina (1923): This 14-story hotel at 1 Battle Square is now a seniors' residence known as the Battery Park Apartments. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
 Hotel Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina (1922–1924): This 12-story, 250 room hotel opened in 1924 at 237 West Trade Street. The name Citizens Hotel was used in an early advertisement prior to opening. In its early years it was known as the Selwyn Hotel, then the Hotel Charlotte. In 1961, it was renamed the Queen Charlotte Hotel, and later became the White House Inn. It closed in 1973 and was demolished in 1988, despite being listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
 State Bank of Orlando & Trust Company, Orlando, Florida (1923–1924): At 1 North Orange Avenue in Orlando, this 10-story building now houses the Florida A&M University College of Law.
 John Sevier Hotel, Johnson City, Tennessee (1924): This 225-room hotel is located at 141 East Market Street (corner of North Roan Street). In 1979, it was converted into seniors' housing and renamed the John Sevier Center. On Christmas Eve 1989, there was a major fire in which 16 people died. The building continues to function as housing for senior citizens.
 Francis Marion Hotel, Charleston, South Carolina (1924): This 12-story, 234-room hotel is at 387 King Street.  When Francis Marion Hotel opened in 1924, it was the largest hotel in the Carolinas. In 1996, the hotel was meticulously restored with a $12 million National Trust for Historic Preservation award winning restoration. Today, this full-service hotel is the only high-rise building located in the historic district of Charleston, SC.
 Johnston Building, Charlotte, North Carolina (1924): It is located at 212 South Tryon Street. At 15 stories, this was Charlotte's tallest building when it opened; two more floors were added in the late 1920s. The lobby is particularly noteworthy because it runs the length of the building with marble columns, a marble staircase, and an arched, coffered ceiling. The building had been commissioned by Charles Worth Johnston (1861–1941), president of Johnston Mills Company in addition to other textile and banking interests.
 George Vanderbilt Hotel, Asheville, North Carolina (1924): This nine-story structure at 75 Haywood Street is now used as a seniors' residence known as Vanderbilt Apartments.
 Poinsett Hotel, Greenville, South Carolina (1924–1925): This 12-story hotel at 120 South Main Street now operates as the Westin Poinsett. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 Concord National Bank and Hotel, Concord, North Carolina (1925): This building at 2-14 Union Street North has a typical Stoddart facade of red brick with Georgian detailing. One source lists Christopher Gadsden Sayre as "possible architect".
 McAllister Hotel, Hanover, Pennsylvania (1925–1926): This 5-story hotel, still standing at 11 York Street, has at various times been known as the McAllister Inn, Abbot House, and Homewood Retirement Center. As initially built, it had 75 rooms, of which 21 had baths or showers. It is now used for seniors' housing.
 George Mason Hotel, Alexandria, Virginia (1925–1926): This 6-story hotel at the corner of Washington and Prince Streets now serves as an office building. At the hotel's opening, it had 106 rooms, and publicity material emphasized that every room had a toilet (although not necessarily a tub and/or shower).
 Goldsboro Hotel, Goldsboro, North Carolina (1924–1926): This was a 200-room eight-story hotel, and for a period it operated as Goldsboro Motor Hotel. It was renovated for use as seniors’ housing in 1977, now known as Waynesboro House. The structure is located at the intersection of Carter and Walnut Streets.
 Patrick Henry Hotel, Roanoke, Virginia (1925): When it opened in 1925, this 11-story hotel had 300 rooms, all with bath or shower. A renovation in the late 1960s led to the rooms being joined together to form 121 one-bedroom apartments. The hotel, located at 617 South Jefferson Street, is on the National Register of Historic Places. In October 2009, plans were announced to convert the building into apartments.
 Yorktowne Hotel, York, Pennsylvania (1925): This 11-story Renaissance revival hotel at 48 East Market Street closed in November 2016 and is currently vacant.
 Winthrop Hotel, Tacoma, Washington (1925): Currently known as the Winthrop Apartments, this 12-story structure is at 776 Commerce Street (also bounded by South 9th Street and South Broadway) in Tacoma. It is remarkable for being so distant from the east coast where Stoddart's commissions were concentrated.
 Virginia Dare Hotel, Elizabeth City, North Carolina (1927): Now known as the Virginia Dare (Elderly) Apartments, the nine-story building was billed as the Albemarle's first "skyscraper" when it opened in 1927. It remains the tallest building in the region. The hotel contained 100 rooms, and a heated garage (now the rear parking lot) with an interior filling station and lubricating stand. It remained the premier hotel and center of Elizabeth City's social activities for over 40 years. Architecturally, its restrained Colonial Revival finish follows the typical division of such tall buildings into the three parts of a classical pillar: a sturdy two-story base; a simply detailed six-story shaft; and a one-story capital, which displays an abundance of decoration.
 Nissen Building, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (1927): This 20-story structure at 310 West 4th Street was built as an office building. It was named after a local entrepreneur who lived in a suite on the top floor. The entire building was converted into apartments in 2002, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 Independence Building (addition and renovation), Charlotte, North Carolina (1928): This office building, located at 100 West Trade Street, was initially designed by Frank P. Milburn as a 12-story building and opened in 1909. Stoddart was responsible for two additional floors and interior renovations in 1928. The building was demolished in 1981 despite its listing on the National Register of Historic Places.
 Daniel Boone Hotel, Charleston, West Virginia (1927–1929): This classical revival structure is 10 or 12 stories (sources differ). In 1936 and 1949 additions were constructed. In the 1980s it was converted into an office building and renamed 405 Capitol Street. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 Lord Baltimore Hotel, Baltimore (1928): The style of this 22-story hotel has been described as Renaissance revival by some and French Second Empire by others. Located at 20 West Baltimore Street, The Lord Baltimore Hotel is owned by Rubell Hotels. In addition, it is a member of the Historic Hotels of America and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 Abraham Lincoln Hotel''', Reading, Pennsylvania (1930): This 16-story structure is located at Fifth and Washington Streets. The building has been converted into apartments. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Personal life
Stoddart married Mary Elizabeth Powell in Atlanta in 1898, and they settled in Maywood, New Jersey. After approximately a decade of living together, they separated, which became the subject of scandal in the New York newspapers. On November 1, 1909, Mary Stoddart sued for divorce alleging "extreme cruelty."  William Stoddart filed a countersuit, alleging that his wife's attraction to one of his friends, Robert L. Shape, had led to the marital breakdown. During this era, marital breakdowns were considered scandalous, and The New York Times published three intimately personal letters from Mrs. Stoddart to Mr. Stoddart, in which she begged for a legal separation and financial support.

According to Stoddart's obituary, the divorce occurred in 1908. However, when one considers the two articles published in 1909, describing the divorce lawsuit and countersuit, it is likely that 1909 was the year the divorce was actually finalized.

On July 19, 1923, at Asheville, North Carolina, William Stoddart remarried. His second wife, Sabra (Wheless) Ballinger, died in 1934.

Stoddart spent his final years in Larchmont, New York and died of a stroke on October 2, 1940, at the age of 71 at a New Rochelle hospital.

Writings by Stoddart

References

External links

Obituary at The New York Times''

1868 births
1940 deaths
20th-century American architects
Architects from New Jersey
Architects from New York (state)
Columbia University alumni
People from Larchmont, New York
People from Maywood, New Jersey
People from Tenafly, New Jersey
William Lee Stoddart buildings


The Albanerpetontidae are an extinct family of small amphibians, native to the Northern Hemisphere during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The only members of the order Allocaudata, they are thought to be allied with living amphibians belonging to Lissamphibia. Despite a superficially salamander-like bodyform, their anatomy is strongly divergent from modern amphibians in numerous aspects. The fossil record of albanerpetontids spans over 160 million years from the Middle Jurassic to the beginning of the Pleistocene, about 2.13–2 million years ago.

History of research

The earliest specimen of an albanerpetontid to be discovered was that of Celtedens megacephalus from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy, described by Oronzio Gabriele Costa in 1864, and originally placed in the genus Triton, a junior synonym of the salamander genus Triturus. Jaw elements of albanerpetontids from the Cretaceous of North America were assigned to the salamander genus Prosiren by Richard Estes in 1969, erecting the family Prosirenidae to accommodate the genus. Prosiren was originally described by Coleman J. Goin and Walter Auffenberg in 1958, based on vertebrae found in Cretaceous aged deposits in Texas. Albanerpeton, the type genus of the family was first named by Estes and Robert Hoffstetter in 1976 for the species of A. inexpectatum described from a large number of jaws and frontal bones from a Miocene aged fissure fill deposit near Saint-Alban-de-Roche in France, and was initially classified as a salamander, and placed in the family Prosirenidae alongside Prosiren due to the morphological similarity with the jaw fragments attributed to Prosiren by Estes (1969). Richard Fox and Bruce Naylor in 1982 realised that Albanerpeton was not a salamander, noting that the holotype vertebra of Prosiren was different to those of albanerpetontids, concluding that Albanerpeton was "well isolated from salamanders" and that it "seems no nearer phyletically to any other known amphibians, from Devonian to Recent" erecting the family Albanerpetontidae and the order Allocaudata to accommodate it.

Description

Albanerpetontids were small (several cm to several tens of centimetres in length) and superficially lizard-like. The skin of albanerpetontids was embedded with bony, fish like scales. The forelimbs only had 4 digits, while retaining 5 digits on the hindlimbs. The morphology of the complete 3 dimensionally preserved skull of Yaksha peretti suggests that albanerpetontids had ballistic tongues akin to those of chameleons and plethodontid salamanders, as evidenced by the presence of an elongated rod shaped bone in the jaw cavity, dubbed the hyoid entoglossal process, which in life was embedded within the tongue. Analogous bones exists in chameleons and plethodontids, which allow rapid propulsion of the tongue. A hyoid entoglossal process is also known from Celtedens megacephalus, suggesting that the presence of a ballistic tongue is characteristic for the group. Distinguishing apomorphic traits characteristic of albanerpetontids include a complex mortise and tenon like joint connecting the dentary bones at the front of the jaw, teeth which are non-pedicellate and slightly tricuspid (bearing three cusps), the frontal bones of the skull display raised polygonal sculpturing, and three anterior cervical components form an 'atlas–axis' complex, similar to that of amniotes.

Paleobiology

The morphology of albanerpetontids suggests that they were sit-and-wait terrestrial predators and fed on invertebrates, similar to living plethodontids. The fact that the skull of the juvenile paratype of Yaksha was around 1/4 of the size of the adult suggests that albanerpetontids grew by direct development and did not have a metamorphic larval stage. It has been suggested that albanerpetontids absorbed oxygen entirely through the skin via cutaneous respiration and lacked lungs like plethodontid salamanders, due to the length of the hyoid entoglossal process, which may have made normal breathing difficult. This proposal is supported by the internal vascularisation and lack of Sharpey's fibres in the frontal bones. Albanerpetontids are associated with both wet and dry environments, but it is unclear how tolerant they were of dry habitats, and they may have been confined to wet microhabitats in dry areas. Some authors have suggested that they were likely fossorial, using their heads to burrow, but this has been questioned by other authors.

Distribution
The distribution of albanerpetontids is largely confined to Eurasia and North America, with remains also known from Morocco in North Africa. The first albanerpetontids are known from the western Palearctic (Europe and North Africa) in the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian ~168–166 million years ago), with the oldest records of the group in North America and Asia dating to the Early Cretaceous. The last known remains of albanerpetontids in North America are from the Paskapoo Formation in Canada, dating to the Paleocene. All other Cenozoic members of the family, belonging to the genus Albanerpeton, are known from Europe and Anatolia, from the Oligocene onwards (there is no fossil record of albanerpetontids during the Eocene) until their final appearance in Northern Italy during the Early Pleistocene, around 2.13-2 million years ago. Another possible late record is known from northern Spain, dating to around 2.2-2.6 million years ago.

Classification
Albanerpetontids were long thought to be salamanders because of their small size and generalized body plans. However, these features are now thought to be ancestral for lissamphibians and not indicative of close relationships between the two groups. Albanerpetontids share with living lissamphibians an atlanto-occipital joint with two cotyles, a four fingered forelimb (manus), ectochordal (spoon shaped with open centra) vertebrae with cylindrical centra, ribs that do not encircle the body, and a salamander-like quadrate–squamosal articulation, but are distinguished from the three living groups of lissamphibians by their possession of keratinized claw sheaths and their retention of skull bones lost in other lissamphibians, including epipterygoids, supraoccipitals and large palatines, as well as the absence of pedicellate teeth or a wide parasphenoid cultriform process. Albanerpetontids are now recognized as a distinct clade of lissamphibians separate from the three living orders of amphibians – Anura (frogs), Caudata (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Many studies show them as more closely related to frogs and salamanders than to caecilians, but bootstrap and Bayesian analyses show that this result is not robust and that they could also be sister-group of the Lissamphibia, or as most closely related to caecillians. The presence of epipterygoids and a separate supraoccipital at least argues against a position within Batrachia. A phylogenetic analysis in 2020 among lissamphibian relationships using multiple methods found no consensus for the position of Albanerpetontidae in relation to other lissamphibians, but they were always placed closer to lissamphibians than to other extinct groups of amphibians, such as lepospondyls and temnospondyls.

Taxonomy
 Genus Shirerpeton Matsumoto & Evans, 2018
Shirerpeton isajii Matsumoto & Evans, 2018  Early Cretaceous, Japan
 Genus Wesserpeton Sweetman & Gardner 2013
 Wesserpeton evansae Sweetman & Gardner 2013 Early Cretaceous, United Kingdom
 Genus Anoualerpeton Gardner, Evans & Sigogneau-Russell 2003
 Anoualerpeton priscus Gardner, Evans & Sigogneau-Russell 2003 Middle Jurassic, United Kingdom
 Anoualerpeton unicus Gardner, Evans & Sigogneau-Russell 2003 Late Jurassic, Morocco
 Genus Celtedens McGowan & Evans 1995 Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Europe
 Celtedens megacephalus (Costa 1864) Early Cretaceous, Italy, United Kingdom
 Celtedens ibericus McGowan & Evans 1995 Early Cretaceous, Spain
 Genus Albanerpeton Estes & Hoffstetter 1976
 Albanerpeton arthridion Fox & Naylor 1982 Early Cretaceous, United States
 Albanerpeton ektopistikon Carrano et al. 2022 Early Cretaceous, United States
 Clade "Gracile-snouted"
 Albanerpeton gracilis Gardner 2000 Late Cretaceous, North America
 Albanerpeton cifellii Gardner 1999 Late Cretaceous, United States
 Albanerpeton galaktion Fox & Naylor 1982 Late Cretaceous, North America
 Clade "Robust-snouted"
 Albanerpeton nexuosus Estes 1981 Late Cretaceous, North America
 Albanerpeton pannonicus Venczel & Gardner 2005 latest Miocene-Early Pleistocene Hungary, Italy
 Albanerpeton inexpectatum Estes & Hoffstetter 1976 Early Oligocene- Late Miocene, Europe
Genus Yaksha Daza et al, 2020
Yaksha perettii Daza et al, 2020 Late Cretaceous, Myanmar
Fragmentary remains of albanerpetontids are also known from the Bathonian aged Anoual Formation of Morocco, the Bathonian aged Aveyron locality of France, the Tithonian aged Chassiron locality of France, the Berriasian aged Cherves-de-Cognac locality and Angeac-Charente bonebed of France, the Cenomanian-Turonian Khodzhakul and Bissekty Formations of Uzbekistan, originally assigned to the dubious genus Nukusurus and a variety of localities in Europe dating to the Late Cretaceous, including Hungary (Csehbánya Formation), France, Spain and Romania (Hațeg Island), which may be referrable to Albanerpeton.

Phylogeny
From Daza et al 2020.

References

External links
Albanerpetontidae phylogeny.

Amphibian families
Bathonian first appearances
Piacenzian extinctions
Tertiary extinctions of vertebrate taxa


Santa Isabel is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Santa Isabel. The municipality covers an area of 1,040.8 km².

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 3,937, up from 3,820 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the town of Santa Isabel had a population of 1,378. Other than the town of Santa Isabel, the municipality had 52 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.

Geography

Towns and villages
The municipality has 27 localities. The largest are:

References

Municipalities of Chihuahua (state)


Dorrit Willumsen (born 31 August 1940 in Nørrebro, Copenhagen) is a Danish writer. She made her literary debut in 1965 with the short story collection Knagen.

She was awarded the Danish Critics Prize for Literature in 1983. In 1995 she was awarded the Søren Gyldendal Prize. In 1997 she was awarded the Nordic Council's Literature Prize for the novel Bang. En roman om Herman Bang. She married the playwright Jess Ørnsbo in 1963, and their son Tore Ørnsbo (1970-) is also a writer.

Works
 1965 Knagen, short stories
 1967 Stranden, novel
 1968 Da, novel
 1970 The, krydderi, acryl, salær, græshopper, novel
 1973 Modellen Coppelia, short stories
 1974 En værtindes smil
 1976 Kontakter, poetry
 1976 Neonhaven, novel
 1978 Hvis det virkelig var en film, short stories
 translated as If it Really Were a Film (1982)
 1978 Den usynlige skønhed, poetry
 1980 Danske fortællinger, short stories
 1980 Manden som påskud
 1982 Programmeret til kærlighed
 1983 Umage par, poetry
 1984 Marie: en novel om Marie Tussauds liv
 translated by Patricia Crampton as Marie: a novel about the life of Madame Tussaud (1986)
 1985 Caroline, play
 1988 Suk hjerte, novel
 1989 Glemslens forår, short stories
 1995 Klædt i purpur, historical novel
 1997 Bang. En roman om Herman Bang
 1997 De kattens feriedage, humour
 2000 Koras stemme, novel
 2001 Tøs: et hundeliv
 2003 Bruden fra Gent, novel
 2005 Den dag jeg blev Honey

References

1940 births
Living people
Danish women short story writers
Nordic Council Literature Prize winners
Danish women novelists
Recipients of the Grand Prize of the Danish Academy
Writers from Copenhagen
20th-century Danish women writers
20th-century Danish novelists
20th-century Danish poets
21st-century Danish poets
21st-century Danish women writers
21st-century Danish novelists
Danish women poets
20th-century Danish short story writers
21st-century Danish short story writers