The Secret of the Chinese Carnation (, ) is a 1964 German-Italian krimi eurospy film directed by Rudolf Zehetgruber and starring Paul Dahlke, Olga Schoberová, Klaus Kinski and Dietmar Schönherr. It is based on a novel by Louis Weinert-Wilton, one of four film adaptations of his work released in the wake of the commercial success of Rialto Film's Edgar Wallace series.

It was shot at the Barrandov Studios in Prague and on location in the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Renelt.

Cast

References

Bibliography

External links

1964 films
1960s spy thriller films
West German films
1960s German-language films
German black-and-white films
Italian black-and-white films
Films directed by Rudolf Zehetgruber
German spy thriller films
Italian spy thriller films
Films based on Czech novels
Films set in London
Films shot in Prague
Films shot at Barrandov Studios
Constantin Film films
1960s Italian films
1960s German films


Enchanted Forest is a board game designed by Alex Randolph and Michel Matschoss that requires players to remember the locations of fairytale treasures. The first edition of the game was published by Ravensburger in Germany in 1981 under the original name Sagaland.

Gameplay
Before gameplay commences, the scene is set by a king wanting to find an heir to the throne, as in his old age he has borne no children. Through the years, he has heard about the magical and mythical treasures that lie hidden in the Enchanted Forest below his large castle. He therefore proclaims that whoever finds three of these treasures for him will succeed him. From here on in, gameplay begins.

The board consists of a village (the starting place), the Enchanted Forest itself, and the castle to which players will reveal hidden treasures to the king. Each space is a circle and, depending on the edition of the game, the trees that contain pictures of the treasures on their bottom faces will be placed at specifically coloured circles (generally blue or noted by a tree symbol). There are a maximum of six playing pieces and each treasure depicted on the bottom of the thirteen trees corresponds to a card. These thirteen cards are placed face downward at the castle, except the top card (the treasure the king is currently seeking), which is face up.

Movement is focused around throwing two dice. According to the general rule, each dice throw outcome is considered a separate move, e.g., a 6 and 5 could be consider as either 11 in one direction, or 5 in one direction and 6 in the other, or vice versa. As each person throws the dice, his aim is to land on a circle that corresponds to a tree. Once a player lands on that space by the end of his move, he may look under the tree and must remember the treasure found there.

Once a player knows where the currently sought treasure is, he should make his way to the castle. By landing on another specific circle, that player then can guess where the treasure is. If correct, he keeps the top card and the next is turned over. However, if wrong, the player must replace the tree and immediately return to the village.

Once a player gains three treasure cards, the game is over.

Variant
Another gameplay mechanic includes using "magic", which can either change the top card, move a player to an empty tree space, or move a player to the castle. This, combined with other players' being able to land on each other, sending them back to the village, helps make the game more varied and hence more challenging.

Editions

Sagaland
 1981
 1982

Enchanted Forest
 1982
 1987
 1990
 1994

Reception
Alan R. Moon reviewed Enchanted Forest for Games International magazine, and gave it 4 stars out of 5, and stated that "Enchanted Forest is an example of elegant simplicity. It is a must for a gamer's collection."

Awards
 Spiel des Jahres in 1982

References

External links
 Enchanted Forest at Ravensburger website

Board games introduced in 1981
Fantasy board games
German games
Alex Randolph games
Ravensburger games
Roll-and-move board games
Spiel des Jahres winners


Love and Honor is the seventh studio album (ninth overall) by country music artist Ricky Van Shelton and his last album for Columbia Records. This is also his first album of his career not to be produced by Steve Buckingham. Two singles released from this album, "Wherever She Is", and "Lola's Love" charted outside the top 40. "Lola's Love" was originally recorded by Sawyer Brown and featured on their 1987 album, Somewhere in the Night. "Where the Tall Grass Grows" was originally recorded by George Jones on his 1991 album And Along Came Jones.

Track listing
"Wherever She Is" (James House, John Jarrard) - 2:50
"Complicated" (Bill LaBounty, Pat McLaughlin) - 3:07
"Lola's Love" (Dennis Linde) - 3:09
"I Thought I'd Heard It All" (Deryl Dodd, Philip Douglas, Don Pfrimmer) - 3:40
"Then for Them" (Larry Boone, Will Robinson) - 3:03
"Baby, Take a Picture" (Carol Chase, Kathy Louvin, Russell Smith) - 2:25
"Love Without You" (Jeff Pearson, Charles Quillen) - 3:02
"Been There, Done That" (John Jarrard, Craig Wiseman) - 3:23
"Love and Honor" (Merle Haggard) - 3:05
"Where the Tall Grass Grows" (Randy Boudreaux, Kerry Kurt Phillips, Andy Spooner) - 3:22
"Thanks a Lot" (Eddie Miller, Don Sessions) - 3:17

Release history

Personnel
Musicians

 Tigar Bell - fiddle (10)
 Darin Favorite - electric guitar (10,11)
 Paul Franklin - steel guitar (1, 2, 4, 7), dobro (1, 2, 4, 7)
 Sonny Garrish - steel guitar (8,9)
 Kenny Greenberg - acoustic guitar (1,2,3,8), electric guitar (1,2,3,8)
 Rob Hajacos - fiddle (8,9)
 Owen Hale - drums (1,2,4-7)
 Tommy Hannum - steel guitar (10,11), acoustic guitar (10,11)
 Bruce Harrison - keyboards (10,11)
 George Honea - drums (10,11)
 Paul Leim - drums (3,8,9)
 Dennis Linde - acoustic guitar, special effects, clavinet (3)
 Charlie McCoy - harmonica (2)
 Terry McMillan - percussion (3,5)
 Larry Marrs - bass (1-9)
 Steve Nathan - piano (1,2,4-7)
 Hank Singer - fiddle (1,6)
 Ricky Van Shelton - lead vocals (all tracks)
 Gary Smith - piano (8,9)
 Tommy Sprulock - steel guitar (5,6)
 Rocky Thacker - bass (10,11)
 Biff Watson - acoustic guitar (1,2,4-7)
 John Willis - electric guitar (1,4-9), mandolin (1,4-9)
 Paul Worley - acoustic guitar (1,2,5,8,10)

Background Vocals
 Larry Marrs (all tracks)
 Russell Terrell (1,4-11)
 Harry Stinson (2)
 Tony King (3)
 Tom Flora (3)
 Bergen White (3)

Production
 Production Assistant: Carl Landers
 Recorded and Mixed By: Chuck Ainlay & Graham Lewis
 Engineers: Tim Farmer, Mark Frigo & Graham Lewis
 Mastered By: Denny Purcell
 Art Direction: Bill Johnson
 Photography: Frank Ockenfels
 Design: Beth Kindig
 Art Assistance: Gregory MacLachlan

Chart performance

1994 albums
Albums produced by Paul Worley
Columbia Records albums
Ricky Van Shelton albums
Albums produced by Blake Chancey


The Australia–Indonesia border is a maritime boundary running west from the two countries' tripoint maritime boundary with Papua New Guinea in the western entrance to the Torres Straits, through the Arafura Sea and Timor Sea, and terminating in the Indian Ocean. The boundary is, however, broken by the Timor Gap, where Australian and East Timorese territorial waters meet and where the two countries have overlapping claims to the seabed.

Australia and Indonesia also share a common maritime border in the Indian Ocean between Australia's overseas territory of Christmas Island and the Indonesian island of Java.

A characteristic of the maritime border between the two countries is the separation of the ownership of the seabed (essentially the continental shelf) and ownership of the water column (exclusive economic zone), each with its own boundary. Ownership of the seabed gives the country rights over all mineral resources in the seabed while ownership of the water column allows a country fishing rights and rights to other resources of the water in the specified area. The 1997 treaty establishing this and the western parts of the border, as well as that between Christmas Island and Java, has however not been ratified and is not in force. This was because the independence of East Timor required amendments to the 1997 treaty and agreement over them by the two parties is still pending.

The border
The boundary is separated into three segments, with the first two broken by the Timor Gap. The first is between the Australia – Indonesia – Papua New Guinea tripoint at , and the point whether the territorial waters of the two countries touch the eastern limits of the territorial waters claimed by East Timor at . The second segment runs westward from the point where the territorial waters of the two countries touch the western limits of East Timor's territorial waters claim at , to  in the Indian Ocean. The third is between the Australian external territory of Christmas Island and the Indonesia island of Java, in the Indian Ocean.

The boundary is established by four treaties, the fourth of which has been signed but not yet ratified. The Agreement between the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia establishing Certain Seabed Boundaries signed in Canberra on 18 May 1971 established part of the eastern segment of the seabed boundary (as well as Indonesia's maritime boundary with Papua New Guinea in the Torres Straits) while the Agreement between the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia establishing certain seabed boundaries in the area of the Timor and Arafura Seas, Supplementary to the Agreement of 18 May 1971 which was signed in Jakarta on 9 October 1972 demarcated the rest of the eastern segment and a portion of the western segment of the seabed boundary. A third agreement, Agreement between Australia and Indonesia concerning Certain Boundaries between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia established the demarcation between the soon to be independent Papua New Guinea and Indonesia was signed in Jakarta on 12 February 1973.  A fourth treaty, the Treaty between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia establishing an Exclusive Economic Zone Boundary and Certain Seabed Boundaries (informally known as the Australia–Indonesia Maritime Delimitation Treaty) which was signed in Perth on 14 March 1997 (however not ratified), proposes to extended the western segment of the seabed boundary to its termination point in the Indian Ocean.

The basis for establishing the boundary in the 1971 and 1972 treaties was that of the "natural prolongation" of the physical continental shelf. This resulted in the boundary running significantly north of the median line between the shores of Australia and Indonesia, thus benefiting Australia in terms of the division of the seabed ownership. The International Law view of settling overlapping claims has then moved towards the median-line concept, although Australia still holds the view that natural prolongation was still relevant to determine the sovereignty of the seabed. This resulted in the separate treatment of establishing the seabed boundary and that for the water column, or essentially, the separation of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone boundaries under the 1997 treaty.

The independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002 may result in changes in the Australia–Indonesia border near the Timor Gap which were established by the three treaties. Provisions of the 1997 treaty on matters concerning the Timor Gap – such as reaffirming the Timor Gap Treaty between Australia and Indonesia and the drawing of the water column boundary through the area of joint development – would no longer be applicable with East Timor becoming the rightful claimant of the seabed and exclusive economic zone in the area. Furthermore, the "Timor Gap terminal points" established by the 1972 treaty, namely Points A16 and A17, might have to be renegotiated by Australia, East Timor and Indonesia, as East Timor might have the basis to seek a "wider" Timor Gap than originally provided by Australia and Indonesia.

Seabed (continental shelf) boundary

Eastern segment
The eastern segment of the boundary was established by both the 1971 and 1972 treaties, the former delimiting the border from A3 to A12 and the latter extending it from A12 to A16, which lies on the eastern border of the Australia – East Timor joint petroleum development area. Points A1, A2 and A3 form part of the Indonesia – Papua New Guinea border which was also established under the 1971 treaty when Papua New Guinea was still an Australian territory.

Western segment
The 1972 treaty brought the boundary to Point A25 to the north-east of Australia's Ashmore Island. The 1997 treaty extended it further west, terminating at A82 in the Indian Ocean where Australia's and Indonesia's exclusive economic zone limits diverge.

Christmas Island/Java segment
Christmas Island is an external territory of Australia located in the Indian Ocean  south of the southern coast of Java. The maritime boundary between the island and Indonesia which was established by the 1997 treaty is a modified median line which lies closer to the island by virtue of it being an isolated island lying next to the coastline of a larger country. The boundary generally runs east–west and terminates both ends where the boundary of the Australian exclusive economic zone created around Christmas Island diverges from the Indonesian EEZ. Unlike the boundary in the Arafura and Timor Seas, there are no separate boundaries for the seabed and water column.

Water column (exclusive economic zone) boundary
A separate "water column boundary", essentially an exclusive economic zone boundary for the ownership of fishery resources, was created under the 1997 treaty. The boundary starts from the Australia-Indonesia-Papua New Guinea tripoint at , which is Point A3 of the seabed boundary and designated as Point Z1 of the water column boundary. It runs to the south of the Australia-Indonesia seabed boundary and terminates in the Indian Ocean where the Australian and Indonesia EEZ diverge. The boundary essentially follows the Provisional Fisheries Surveillance and Enforcement Line (PFSEL), a non-treaty status agreement made in 1981 between the two countries, and is generally based on the median line principle measures from the Australian mainland and Indonesian archipelagic baseline.

The 1997 treaty essentially separates the sovereignty of the seabed and water column in the area between the water column boundary and the seabed boundary, whereby Australia has sovereignty over the seabed and its resources, while Indonesia has sovereignty over the water column and the resources which live in it.

Although the 1997 treaty did not "close" the Timor Gap by establishing the seabed boundary in the area, it however established the water column boundary, which virtually corresponded with the boundary between Zone A and Zone B under the Timor Gap Treaty. With the independence of East Timor, this stretch of the water column boundary between Point Z28 and Point Z36 was no longer applicable. The stretch is now replaced with a "water column jurisdiction" line drawn by the Treaty on Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea between Australia and East Timor signed on 12 January 2006 which corresponds with the southern border of the Australia-East Timor Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA), with Australia having control over the water column south of the line, and East Timor to the north including over the entire JPDA.

History

Indonesia had a land border with Australia before Papua New Guinea gained independence in 1975. It follows the 141st meridian.

Disputes
With the signing of the 1997 Australia–Indonesia Maritime Delimitation Treaty, most grey areas between the two countries, whose relations have at various stages ranged from cordial to downright hostile, concerning their common maritime boundary could be deemed to have been settled. This includes not only the question of sovereignty over the seabed but also the ownership of resources inhabiting the water column above the seabed. The earlier dispute over the sovereignty of the seabed in the area known as the Timor Gap also ended with the secession and independence of East Timor.

The following were areas of disputes in the historical context.

Boundary delimitation principle

The first two treaties to establish the seabed boundary between Australia and Indonesia utilised the "natural prolongation of the continental shelf" principle. Especially for the second treaty, Australia argued that the deep Timor Trough was the natural edge of its continental shelf. The resulting boundary was therefore located closer to Indonesia and had potentially denied considerable share of petroleum resources from the seabed.

Despite the principle being agreed to via negotiations, its use had been a constant point of discontent on the part of the Indonesians, with its former Foreign Minister Mochtar Kusumaatmadja saying that the country had been "taken to the cleaners" by Australia. With the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Indonesia argued that the median line – the equidistant line from the baselines of both countries – was the correct location of the boundary. The growing strength of Indonesia's argument over Australia's natural prolongation principle had a significant bearing on the subsequent treaties between the two countries, namely the Timor Gap Treaty of 1989 and the 1997 Australia–Indonesia Maritime Delimitation Treaty.

The differing principles on where the boundary was to be located resulted in the inability to reach agreement to close the Timor Gap with a permanent maritime boundary. A resources sharing joint development area arrangement instead had to be agreed to. Further details on this in the following section.

The 1997 treaty saw Australia's natural prolongation argument prevail as far as the seabed (essentially the continental shelf) claim is concerned. However, Indonesia's median line argument was accepted for establishing its rights over the water column or exclusive economic zone, resulting in the separation of the two types of boundaries. The treaty recognises Indonesia's full ownership of living resources in the water north of the water column boundary and south of the seabed boundary. The water column boundary, essentially the median line, has in fact been a de facto EEZ boundary since such a line was established by the Provisional Fisheries Surveillance and Enforcement Line (PFSEL) which was agreed to in 1981.

Timor Gap

Australia and Indonesia were engaged in negotiations to solve a dispute over overlapping claims to the continental shelf in the Timor Gap when East Timor was annexed and became part of Indonesian territory in 1975. After the two earlier seabed boundary treaties, Indonesia was determined that the seabed boundary that would close the Timor Gap would lie along the median line between the two countries. Australia however saw that its continental shelf should stretch to the Timor Trough, a deep trench in the Timor Sea which was located  from the southern shore of Timor and at least  from Australia.

Talks began in 1979 but there was no agreement over the permanent maritime boundary. Instead, the two countries settled for a "sovereignty neutral" agreement in 1989 which allowed joint exploitation and equal sharing of petroleum resources in a "zone of cooperation" which lay in between the extremes of the claims by the two countries.

The 1989 treaty was no longer valid once East Timor seceded from Indonesia in 1999, and the new state was not bound by the treaty. Indonesia had also informed Australia later that year that it was no longer bound by the Timor Gap Treaty.

The dispute over the Timor Gap now is between Australia and East Timor and does not involve Indonesia. However, Indonesia may have to become a party in negotiations to establish the Australia-East Timor-Indonesia border tripoints if East Timor chooses not to be bound by the current "width" of the Timor Gap decided by Australia and Indonesia (through the 1972 treaty) without consultation with the East Timorese, or with Portugal, the colonial administrator of East Timor at the time.

See also
Australia–Indonesia relations
MOU Box
Timor Sea Treaty

References

Borders of Australia
Borders of Indonesia


The 1999 Stuttgart Masters (known as the Eurocard Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Stuttgart Masters, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1999 ATP Tour. It took place at the Schleyerhalle in Stuttgart, Germany, from 25 October through 31 October 1999. Thomas Enqvist, seeded 13th, won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Thomas Enqvist defeated  Richard Krajicek 6–1, 6–4, 5–7, 7–5
It was Enqvist's 2nd title of the year and his 15th overall. It was his 1st Super 9 title of the year, and his 2nd overall.

Doubles

 Jonas Björkman /  Byron Black defeated  David Adams /  John-Laffnie de Jager 6–7(6–8), 7–6(7–2), 6–0

References

External links
 ITF tournament edition details

Eurocard Open
Eurocard Open


Laureano Fuentes Matons (Santiago de Cuba, 3 July 1825 – 30 September 1898) came from a family of musicians and wrote the first opera to be composed on the island, La hija de Jefe (The Chief's daughter). This was later lengthened and staged under the title Seila. His numerous works spanned all genres. Wrote Las artes en Santiago de Cuba (1893) in which a transcription of "Son de Ma Teodora" (purportedly composed in the 16th century) is given. An extended assessment of his work is given by Alejo Carpentier.

Fuentes studied under Juan París, and mastered the violin from a young age. His son was Laureano Fuentes Pérez, a famous pianist and composer.

References

Links

1825 births
1898 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Cuban classical composers
Cuban classical violinists
Male classical composers
Cuban opera composers
Musicians from Santiago de Cuba
19th-century male musicians


The Other Lover is a 1985 American made-for-television drama film directed by Robert Ellis Miller and executive produced by Larry A. Thompson.

Plot
Jack Hollander is a novelist, infuriated with his publicists for putting a soft-porn cover on his latest novel. He confronts marketing director Claire Fielding and demands to know what the cover has to do with the book itself. She admits she didn't read the book before deciding what cover should be used, but assures him it will only help selling the book.

Despite of their strong different opinions, they are drawn to each other and start a romance. The problem is Claire is already married to Peter and has two children, Alson and Maggie. Claire is torn between choosing Jack and Peter. With Peter, she has a steady and quite happy marriage. However, the romance has been gone for a long time and all they do is worry about the bills and children. If she chooses Jack, she has a passionate and rejuvenating affair, without assurance of what the future will offer.

Release
The movie debuted on the CBS on the evening of Tuesday, September 24, 1985.

Cast
 Lindsay Wagner as Claire Fielding
 Jack Scalia as Jack Hollander
 Max Gail as Sal
 Millie Perkins as Kate
 John Bennett Perry as Peter Fielding
 Shannen Doherty as Alson Fielding
Jaime Lyn Hart as Maggie Fielding

References

External links

1985 films
1985 television films
1985 drama films
American drama television films
CBS network films
Films directed by Robert Ellis Miller
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
English-language drama films


Beverwijk railway station is located in Beverwijk, the Netherlands. The station opened on 1 May 1867 and is on the Haarlem–Uitgeest railway.

Train services
As of 12 December 2021, the following services call at Beverwijk:

National rail

Bus services

References

External links
NS website
Dutch public transport travel planner

Railway stations in North Holland
Railway stations opened in 1867
Beverwijk
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1860s


Nadia Hebson (born 1974 in Romsey, Hampshire) is a British artist.

Life and career
Hebson attended St. Martins School of Art (1993–96) and then the Royal Academy in London (1997–2000).

In 2007, she was awarded the Derek Hill Rome Scholarship at the British School at Rome. In 2008, she was appointed  Artist in Residence at Durham Cathedral, and was in 2008 presented with the Sovereign European Art Prize by Jarvis Cocker, Tim Marlow, Sir Peter Blake and Alan Yentob.

Shows

Gravidity & Parity & Hatton Gallery, Newcastle 2018
Can you forgive her? Drop City Gallery, Newcastle 2015
Can you forgive her? MAUVE Gallery, Vienna 2015
Moda WK at Vane Gallery, Newcastle, 2013
Bergholzli, Newcastle in 2005.
Grand Mal, Transition Gallery, London.
Phantasmagoria, Chapter Gallery, Cardiff in 2003

Awards and prizes
In 2003, she was awarded the BOC Emerging Artist Award which was selected by Matthew Collings and Sir Peter Blake RA. She has also received the Andre De Segonzac Travel Award, the British Institute Drawing Prize, the Vincent Harris Award, the Arte Viva Painting Prize, Italy and the Cohn and Wolfe Painting Prize, selected by Andrew Graham Dixon.

In 2005, she won the Duveen Woman Artists Award and the Casson Drawing Prize along with Paula Rego and Frank Auerbach. In 2006 and 2007, she received the Arts Council England Individual Award. In 2008, Hebson was also nominated by Humphrey Ocean RA for The Arts Foundation Fellowship programme.

Works
Hebson makes paintings, both figurative and abstract, clothing and objects which are intimately but indirectly, linked to the conventions and history of painting.
Most recently, working obliquely with the legacy of women artists, her work has sought to comprehend the relationship between painting and clothing through a consideration of the work of Winifred Knights b.1899 d.1946 and Christina Ramberg b.1946 d.1995.

Hebson has also made a series of intense, romantic and darkly atmospheric seascapes and shipwrecks which are reminiscent of the Gustave Doré prints for Samuel Taylor Coleridge's:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Nadia Hebson studied at Central Saint Martins and the Royal Academy Schools. She was then a Lecturer in Fine Art at Newcastle University before leaving her post. Interested in the divisive notion of ‘an appropriate education for women’ she runs the reading group, an open reading project that explores the subjective female voice in literature.

Notes and references

Sources
Natasha Soobramanien "Can you forgive her?",  Frieze Magazine, 17 Feb 2015
Charles Darwent "Jerwood Contemporary Painters, Jerwood Space, London Tess Jaray, Lyon & Turnbull",  The Independent on Sunday, 20 April 2008
Peter Suchin, Catalogue essay for Bergholzli, 2007

Bibliography
Royal Academy Illustrated 2008,
Fine Arts Catalogue 2007-2008, The British School at Rome,
Fable, Exhibition Catalogue, Angela Kingston and Gordon Dalton, Chapter Publications,
Phantasmagoria, Critical text by Annabel Dover, Chapter Publications, 2003

External links
Artist's web site
Newcastle University

1974 births
Living people
Alumni of Central Saint Martins
People from Romsey
British women painters
21st-century British painters
21st-century British women artists


The Perla-class submarines were the third sub-class of the 600 Series of coastal submarines built for the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) during the 1930s and named after gemstones. Of the ten boats built of this class, only three survived World War II.

Design and description
The Perla-class submarines were essentially repeats of the preceding . The modifications that were made compared to the boats of the previous series were mostly of upgrade nature. Among them were enlargement of the false tower at the top, more modern engines, installation of a radiogoniometer that could be controlled from inside the ship. Improvements and the installation of new air conditioning equipment meant a slight increase in displacement, and increase in the fuel stowage also increased the autonomy of these boats compared to the previous series. Their designed full load displacement was  surfaced and  submerged, but varied somewhat depending on the boat and the builder. The submarines were  long, had a beam of  and a draft of  to .

For surface running, the boats were powered by two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft with overall power of . When submerged each propeller was driven by a  electric motor. They could reach  on the surface and  underwater. On the surface, the Perla class had a range of  at , submerged, they had a range of  at .

The boats were armed with six internal  torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern. One reload torpedo was carried for each tube, for a total of twelve. They were also armed with one  deck gun for combat on the surface. The light anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two pairs of   machine guns.

Ships

Service

The boats, once commissioned, were assigned to complete the squadrons of "600" submarines from La Spezia (12th and 13th Squadrons) and Messina (34th and 35th Squadrons) and began their training and exercises in metropolitan waters, and underwent endurance training predominantly in the Dodecanese and, to a lesser extent, along the coast of North Africa. These endurance exercises took place in 1936 and 1937, soon after the initial training was finished.

 and  were "lent" to the Nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War, under the names of Gonzales Lopez and Aguilar Tablada respectively, in the framework of Italy's aid to Franco's regime. They retained their Italian crews but had a Spanish liaison officer on board. They were returned to the Italian Navy at the end of the conflict.

In 1938  and  were sent to the Red Sea base of Massawa and returned the following year replaced by ,  and  who in turn returned to Italy before the outbreak of World War II. Between 1938 and 1940  and  were for long periods of time deployed outside of Italy, mainly in Tobruk.

At the outbreak of hostilities, four boats were located at La Spezia, three in Cagliari, two in Augusta and one, , in Massawa.

After a disastrous start to the World War II when Italy lost ten submarines in the first twenty days, and the Regia Marina and Regia Aeronautica did not fare much better, Italian command decided to speed up implementation of experimental SLC technology. In July 1940  was modified to carry 4 "Maiale" manned torpedoes in watertight containers on the deck of the submarines.  was sunk while conducting tests, before she could be employed against British naval units.  underwent conversion to SLC in March 1942 with three SLC units being fitted onto her deck. With a weight of 2.8 tons, these SLC cylinders were able to withstand depths up to 90 meters, about three times more than those installed on . In December 1942,
 managed to penetrate Algiers harbor, and sank or seriously damaged several merchant ships with a total GRT over 20,000.

In common with other Italian submarines the survivors were fitted with smaller conning towers in 1942–43.

Overall, the Perla class submarines proved to be quite successful. They showed good maneuverability, their hull was well designed and strongly built to withstand depth pressure and explosions that exceeded their test values.

See also
 Italian submarines of World War II

Notes

References

External links
 Sommergibili Marina Militare website

Italian 600 Series submarines

Perla
Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War


Bellone was a 44-gun Consolante-class frigate of the French Navy.

French service

Bellone, under the command of Guy-Victor Duperré, departed Saint-Malo on 18 January 1809, bound for the Indian Ocean. She sailed from La Réunion for a combat patrol in August. On 2 November she captured HMS Victor. Twenty days later, she captured the 48-gun Portuguese Minerva after a 2-hour battle. Bellone sailed back to La Réunion with her prize, arriving on 2 January 1810.

In April 1810, the squadron comprising Bellone, Minerve and Victor departed for another patrol, during which they fought the action of 3 July 1810 and the Battle of Grand Port.

Bellone was surrendered to the British when Île de France fell, on 4 December 1810.

British service
Bellone was recommissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Junon.

In June 1812, Junon escorted a convoy from Portsmouth to India.

On 8 February 1813, nine boats and 200 men of the squadron of which Junon was part captured the letter of marque schooner Lottery. Lottery was of 210 tons burthen (bm), copper-bottomed and fastened, and carried six 12-pounder carronades, though she was pierced for 16 cannon. Her crew put up a strong defense with the result that the British cutting out party suffered six men wounded, half severely or dangerously, one of whom died later; Junon herself suffered two men wounded. The Americans suffered 19 men wounded, including their captain, John Southcomb, before they struck. Southcomb died of his wounds and his body was taken ashore. Lottery had been carrying a cargo of coffee, sugar and lumber from Baltimore to Bordeaux. A week later Lottery convoyed several prizes to Bermuda. The Royal Navy took Lottery into service as .

In June 1813, Junons boats raided the James River, and she sustained an attack by US gunboats.

On 3 April 1814, as she sailed with , she encountered the USS Constitution, which fled at all sail, dropping drinking water and food overboard, and eventually making it to Marblehead harbour.

Junon, , , and , shared in the detention, on 23 November of Firmina, of 260 tons (bm), Antonio Jose Fereira, master. She had been sailing from Boston to Amelia Island in ballast. The Vice admiralty court in Halifax restored her to her owners.

Citations

References
 Fonds Marine. Campagnes (opérations ; divisions et stations navales ; missions diverses). Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4. Tome deuxième : BB4 1 à 482 (1790-1826)

Age of Sail frigates of France
Ships built in France
1807 ships
Consolante-class frigates
Frigates of the French Navy
Captured ships
War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom
Frigates of the Royal Navy


Kristina and Karissa Shannon (born October 2, 1989) are American Playboy Playmates, porn stars and twin sisters.

Career
In 2008, the Shannons moved into the Playboy Mansion as two of Hugh Hefner's three new girlfriends; because of their relationship with Hefner, the Shannons began appearing on the E! network reality television series The Girls Next Door. Despite their "girlfriend" status, Karissa said the relationship she and Kristina shared with Hefner was more for fun and the opportunity to be on the show, rather than romance. The first episode they appeared in attracted 2.4 million viewers, making it the most-watched season premiere in the show's history; five weeks after the premiere, ratings had dropped to 919,000.

The Shannons appeared as Miss July and Miss August 2009 in the combined "summer issue" of Playboy magazine; the double issue was necessitated by financial problems at the publisher. Unlike previous centerfold twins, they managed to earn two consecutive months as Playmates, but shared a single centerfold. By January 2010, the Shannon twins moved out of the mansion, though they continued to appear in The Girls Next Door.

The twins had small roles in Somewhere, a film directed by Sofia Coppola which won top honors at the 67th Venice International Film Festival in 2010.

In 2010, Karissa Shannon attracted some publicity by confirming she had been involved in sex tapes with Spencer Pratt and Heidi Montag. One sex tape of her and boyfriend actor Sam Jones III was released on DVD by Vivid Entertainment in October 2010 as Karissa Shannon Superstar. In 2011, Karissa and Sam Jones III released the song "Juice and Vodka", which is available on iTunes.

On January 5, 2012, the twins participated in the ninth series of the UK reality show, Celebrity Big Brother in which they came fifth. They also appeared on the companion series to the show, Big Brother's Bit on the Side.

The twins signed on to work in porn in late-2018. They have since shot scenes for adult production companies to include Brazzers and Reality Kings.

Personal lives
The twins were raised in Clearwater Beach, Florida and attended Largo High School for a time.

Legal issues
Karissa was arrested on a misdemeanor battery charge in November 2007.

The Shannons were both charged in January 2008 with aggravated battery after reportedly fighting with two others at a house party. The assistant state attorney filed the charge as felony battery. After pleading no contest, they were put on probation and required to pay restitution.

In January 2016, Kristina was arrested for DUI after driving drunk on the way to get a nipple piercing.

In 2017, Karissa was arrested for felony domestic violence and Kristina was arrested for misdemeanor violence after Kristina punched Karissa in the face and Karissa threw an ADT security monitor at her sister, knocking out her teeth.

Filmography

References

External links

Identical twins
Participants in American reality television series
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
American identical twins
1989 births
Living people
Twin models
2000s Playboy Playmates
American pornographic film actresses
People from Clearwater, Florida
People from Largo, Florida
Models from Florida
Pornographic film actors from Florida


Traitor's Gate () is a 1964 West German-British co-production of a black-and-white crime film directed by Freddie Francis and starring Albert Lieven, Gary Raymond, Catherine Schell and Klaus Kinski. It was made by Rialto Film using Hammer Films' Freddie Francis and screenwriter Jimmy Sangster updating the 1927 novel The Traitor's Gate by Edgar Wallace to the mid-1960s. The film features a group of criminals planning to steal the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom from the Tower of London. It was shot at Twickenham Studios and on location around London. The film's sets were designed by the art director Tony Inglis.

Cast

Reception
In Germany, the FSK gave the film a rating of "12 and up" and found it not appropriate for screenings on public holidays. It premiered on 18 December 1964.

References

External links

1964 films
1960s crime thriller films
West German films
German crime thriller films
British crime thriller films
British black-and-white films
British heist films
Columbia Pictures films
Constantin Film films
1960s English-language films
English-language German films
Films directed by Freddie Francis
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films produced by Horst Wendlandt
Films set in London
Films shot in London
Films shot at Twickenham Film Studios
Films with screenplays by Jimmy Sangster
1960s British films
1960s German films


The 2008 Bahrain Championship was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 8 and 15 November 2008 at the Bahrain International Exhibition Centre in Manama, Bahrain. It was the fourth ranking event of the 2008/2009 season.

Due to a clash with a previously arranged Premier League match-day, three leading players (John Higgins, Mark Selby and Ding Junhui) were forced to miss the event. This meant that they earned no ranking points, with Matthew Stevens, Ken Doherty and Jamie Cope (ranked 17, 18 and 19 respectively) qualifying automatically due to the extra spaces in the draw. Likewise, the players ranked from 33–35 and 49–51 played one qualifier less than usual. Additionally, Ronnie O'Sullivan withdrew three days before the tournament for unspecified medical reasons.

Steve Davis was also involved in Premier League action, playing on 13 November, but did not withdraw from the tournament. He played his qualifying match and received a walkover due to O'Sullivan's withdrawal, meaning that he reached the last sixteen. However, before his last 16 match he withdrew from the event as an ear infection prevented him from flying to Bahrain.

Liang Wenbo made the 65th official maximum break during his qualifying match against Martin Gould. This was Liang's first official 147. Marcus Campbell made the 66th official maximum break during his wildcard round match against Ahmed Basheer Al-Khusaibi. This was Campbell's first official 147.

Neil Robertson won his third ranking title by defeating Matthew Stevens 9–7.

Prize fund
The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below:

Winner: £48,000
Runner-up: £22,500
Semi-final: £12,000
Quarter-final: £6,500
Last 16: £4,275
Last 32: £2,750
Last 48: £1,725
Last 64: £1,325

Stage one highest break: £500
Stage two highest break: £2,000
Stage one maximum break: £1,000
Stage two maximum break: £20,000
Total: £271,000

Wildcard round
The 6 lowest ranking qualifiers played one wildcard match each. Matches were played at Bahrain International Exhibition Centre on Saturday, 8 November.

Main draw

Final

Qualifying
Qualifying for the tournament took place at Pontins in Prestatyn, Wales between 27 and 30 October 2008.

Century breaks

Qualifying stage centuries

147, 139, 139, 115  Liang Wenbo
137  Dominic Dale
136  Atthasit Mahitthi
135  Li Hang
131, 126  Rory McLeod
128  Alan McManus
127  Kuldesh Johal
124  Liu Chuang

122  Jin Long
122, 114, 103  Judd Trump
111  Michael Holt
110  Scott MacKenzie
105, 100  Fergal O'Brien
105  Robert Milkins
101  Vincent Muldoon

Televised stage centuries

 147  Marcus Campbell
 139, 132, 113, 111, 106  Stephen Hendry
 137, 114, 102  Robert Milkins
 129, 117, 116, 100  Neil Robertson
 123  Joe Perry
 123  Barry Hawkins
 122  Stephen Maguire
 120  Ricky Walden
 120, 116, 110  Matthew Stevens

 119, 112, 111, 105  Mark Allen
 118  Peter Ebdon
 117  Dave Harold
 112, 100  Barry Pinches
 110  Graeme Dott
 105  Michael Holt
 101  Mike Dunn
 100  Rod Lawler
 100  Ali Carter

See also

 Dubai Classic

References

Bahrain Championship
Snooker Championship
Snooker ranking tournaments


Vimont can refer to:

Places

Canada
Vimont, Quebec, a district in Laval, Quebec, Canada
Vimont (electoral district), an electoral district in Laval, Quebec, Canada
Vimont (AMT), a commuter train station in Greater Montreal, Canada
Vimont Lake, a water body of the unorganized territory Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec, Canada

France
Vimont, Calvados, a commune in France

People
 Barthélemy Vimont, S.J. (1594-1667)
 Pierre Vimont (1949- )

See also
Guimond

Surnames of Norman origin


The Oklahoma Derby is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three years olds, over a distance of  miles (9 furlongs) on the dirt held annually late September at Remington Park located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.  The event currently carries an offered purse of $400,000.

History

The inaugural running of the event was on 18 March 1989 as the Remington Park Derby held over the  miles distance and was won by the Oklahoma bred Clever Trevor in a time 1:43.00. Clever Trevor would later win the Grade I Arlington Classic and Remington Park would have a Black Type Stakes named after him.

The event was moved to the late summer, early fall schedule in 1997. That same year, the distance had increased to  miles. While in 1998, the distance decreased to  miles.

In 1999 the event was classified as Grade III and it would hold this status until 2004. From 2005 to 2012 the event was ungraded and in 2013 it regained its Grade III status.

In 2001 the race was renamed the Oklahoma Derby. It is the track's flagship event and the most lucrative Thoroughbred race at Remington Park.

Records
Speed record:
 miles: 1:48.00 – Classic Cat (1998)
 miles: 1:42.80 - Dazzling Falls (1995)

Margins:
 10 lengths – Comic Truth (2003)

Most wins by a Jockey:
 3 – M. Clifton Berry (2003, 2006, 2015)
 3 – Garrett Gomez (1993, 1995, 2001)

Most wins by a trainer:
 3 – Donnie Von Hemel (1989, 1991, 2007)
 3 – Brad H. Cox (2019, 2020, 2021)

Most wins by an owner:
 2 – Kenneth and Sarah Ramsey (2010, 2012)

Winners

Notes:

§ Ran as an entry

See also
List of American and Canadian Graded races

References

Horse races in the United States
Graded stakes races in the United States
Grade 3 stakes races in the United States
Flat horse races for three-year-olds
Recurring sporting events established in 1989
Sports in Oklahoma City


WEBL may refer to:

 WEBL (FM), a radio station (95.3 FM) licensed to serve Coldwater, Mississippi, United States
 WGLU, a radio station (102.5 FM) licensed to serve Warner Robins, Georgia, United States, which held the call sign WEBL from June 2004 to September 2008
 WEBL, a Dow Jones stock symbol used by Direxion


Red Bull Racing (RBR) is a Formula One team owned by Austrian beverage company Red Bull, based in England.

Red Bull Racing may also refer to:

Red Bull Racing Team (RBRT), a defunct NASCAR Cup team owned by Red Bull based in Mooresville, North Carolina
Triple Eight Race Engineering, an Australian Supercar team, competing as the Red Bull Holden Racing Team
Ten Kate Racing, a Superbike World Championship racing team that races under the name Red Bull Honda World Superbike Team
A.Mattheis Motorsport, a Stock Car Brasil team owned by Andreas Mattheis that formerly competed as Red Bull Racing Brasil
Alinghi Red Bull Racing, a yacht racing team organized to compete in the 2023 37th America's Cup
AF Corse, a Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters team, competing as Red Bull AlphaTauri AF Corse

See also

 Red Bull Junior Team, Red Bull's driver development program
 Scuderia AlphaTauri, formerly Scuderia Toro Rosso (Italian: Team Red Bull), an F1 racing team
 Red Bull Drifting World Championship
 Red Bull Trolley Grand Prix
 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup, a 125cc class run at selected rounds of MotoGP
 Red Bull Air Race World Series, an air racing world series
 Red Bull 400, an uphill sprint competition

 Red Bull (disambiguation)


Hester v. United States, 265 U.S. 57 (1924), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which established the open-fields doctrine. In an opinion written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, the Court held that "the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the people in their 'persons, houses, papers and effects', is not extended to the open fields."

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 265
Katz v. United States (1967)
Oliver v. United States (1984)

References

Further reading

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court
United States Fourth Amendment case law
1924 in United States case law


The Løvstakken Tunnel () is a road tunnel in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. The tunnel connects the Fyllingsdalen area with the eastern part of the borough of Laksevåg and the city centre.  It was built in 1968 to improve connectivity with the newly developed area.  The tunnel had an average daily traffic of 17,015 vehicles in 2007, down from 17,702 vehicles in 2000. The tunnel is  long.

In 2002, a safety study by the German company Deutsche  Technologie found serious shortcomings in the tunnel's safety, and among 30 European tunnels studied, the tunnel was ranked in 27th place. To improve matters, the flammable polyethylene foam in the tunnel was removed, fire extinguishers and emergency phones were installed at  and  intervals respectively, surveillance cameras, emergency lighting, and emergency signage were introduced, and the speed limit was reduced from . This raised the safety standard to minimum requirements, but the traffic volume is still large for a single tunnel.

References

Road tunnels in Bergen
1968 establishments in Norway
Tunnels completed in 1968


Jean-Michel Frodon (born 20 September 1953 in Paris) is a journalist, critic and historian of cinema.

Biography
Born Jean-Michel Billard, he writes with a pseudonym borrowed from Frodo of The Lord of the Rings. He has a master's degree and a DEA in history.  He worked as an educator from 1971 to 1981. Next, he was a photographer from 1981 to 1985. In 1983, he became a journalist and film critic for the weekly periodical Le Point, of which his father, Pierre Billard, also a journalist and a film critic, was one of the founders and chief editors. He held this post until 1990.

He took over the same functions at the daily newspaper Le Monde in 1990 and in 1995, he became responsible for the daily film column. In 2003 he became head editor of Cahiers du cinémas four years after its purchase by Le Monde. After leaving in 2009, he writes the blog Projection publique on website slate.fr.

He has written, at times, for numerous other journals of cinema. In 2001 he founded L'Exception, the think tank about cinema. He has taught at Pantheon-Sorbonne University and École Normale Supérieure, and currently teaches at Sciences Po Paris.

Publications
 "Jean de florette: la folle aventure d'un film", co-written with Jean-Claude Loiseau (editions Herscher, 1987)
 «Les enquêteurs du regard,» Le Monde, 27 janvier 1994.
 l'Âge moderne du cinéma français (Flammarion, 1995)
 La Projection nationale (Éditions Odile Jacob, 1998)
 Hou Hsiao-hsien (dir., Les Cahiers du cinéma, 1999, augmented edition en 2005)
 Conversation avec Woody Allen (Plon, 2000)
 Print the Legend, Cinéma et journalisme (co-dir., Cahiers du cinéma, 2004)
 Au sud du cinéma (dir., Cahiers du cinéma, 2004)
 Horizon cinéma (Cahiers du cinéma, coll XXIe siècle, 2006)
 Le Cinéma chinois (Cahiers du cinéma CNDP, coll Les Petits Cahiers, 2006)
 Gilles Deleuze et les images (co-dir. avec François Dosse, Les Cahiers du cinéma, coll. Essais, 2008)
 Robert Bresson (Les Cahiers du cinéma, coll. Grands cinéaste. 2008)
 La critique de cinéma (Les Cahiers du cinéma CNDP, coll Les Petits Cahiers, 2008)
 Genèses (avec Amos Gitai et Marie-José Sanselme, Gallimard, 2009)

References

External links

20th-century French journalists
21st-century French journalists
Film theorists
Academic staff of Sciences Po
Writers from Paris
1953 births
Living people
French film critics
French male writers


Weekender Records was an Artist Management Company and an independent record label, based in London, England, it also had a sister company based in Berlin Germany. The company closed in March 2010 (Germany in 2009).

History
It was established in September 2006.  Initially started by Austrian-based club owner Justin Barwick with help from London-based band manager Grant Box and Dymphna Terzoli who had 9 years' experience in the industry including Virgin Records, Mean Fiddler, KOKO. The label took its name from the Weekender Club in Innsbruck where many artists on the label were discovered. Its first year saw the release of an album by DOGS, a multitude of single releases including Eight Legs, The Lea Shores, The Runners, Look See Proof and The Indelicates, many of whom would go on to be album artistes.  During  the first year the label hosted its own stage at the hugely successful Shoreditch 1234 festival in London.
Further releases included Swedish band Shout Out Louds album Our Ill Wills and the debut singles by Official Secrets Act, twee Scottish casio pop band Sugar Crisis and Isolated Atoms.
In 2009 Weekender had a change of direction becoming an Artist Management Company affectionately known as WAM (Weekender Artist Management). As of October 2009 there were three artists signed to WAM, The Lines from Wolverhampton, An Experiment On A Bird In The Air Pump from London and also Londoner Sam Beer.

In 2008 and 2009 Weekender UK had its own stage at one of Europes biggest festivals, Frequency in Austria (120,000 people over 3 days). The festival has continued to call the stage Weekender up to the current festival in 2018 (although the festival site moved to St.Polten in Austria) and Justin Barwick was still working for the festival managing the stage until 2016.

Gordon Keen has spent years in the music business. He has played guitar with BMX Bandits, Eugenius, and has supported Nirvana as part of Captain America. Gordon is now based in Scotland where he continues his career as a session musician, was involved in setting up the Gorbals Sound recording complex and has various other media and business interests.

Lesley Olivares continues as an accountant in her hometown of Brighton.

Justin Barwick continues as a director of Weekender Club in Innsbruck and now has a record shop called Downtown Sound, also in Innsbruck. Justin continues to DJ around Europe playing mostly 60's and 70's garage, beat, psych, ska, rock, glam (often as DJ FunkSoulRebel). He is also involved with new projects to release records on vinyl such as the debut single for London band Peter Parker's Rock & Roll Club (Sept 2011), The Hypnotic Eye, Dubstar, Blek Le Roc, John's Children, Boz Boorer (Morrissey), Paul Orwell, Lindsay Murray and MOLLY. He is also a director of Austrian reissue label DIGATONE that releases rare Austrian music from the 60's & 70's.

Signed artists
 1984
 The Author
 Alfonzo
 The Bishops
 Butterfly Bangs
 The Dash
 The Disciplines
 Dogs
 Eight Legs
 Five! Fast!! Hits!!!
 The Hussy's
 Isolated Atoms
 Kingsize
 The Lea Shores
 The Lines
 Look See Proof
 Naked Lunch
 Nitasha Jackson
 Official Secrets Act
 The People's Revolutionary Choir
 The Puzzle
 The Rocks
 The Runners
 Shout Out Louds
 Subliminal Girls

Management roster
 An Experiment On A Bird In The Air Pump
 The Lines
 Sam Beer

External links

British independent record labels
Record labels established in 2006
Alternative rock record labels


The national bone health campaign teaches young girls habits for improving their bone health by encouraging them to eat more foods with calcium and vitamin D, and participating in physical activities that help the bones.

History
The National Bone Health Campaign began in 1999 as a public/private partnership among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (CDC), the Department of Health and Human Services' Office on Women’s Health (OWH), and the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF).

See also
 Bone density
 Osteoporosis

References

External links
 National Bone Health Campaign Web site

Health campaigns


Boggulkunta is a commercial area in Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana, India. It lies between the commercial areas of Abids and Koti.

Commercial area and hospitals
It is surrounded by Abids and Koti. There is a very old church of Medak diocese built by Posnett and besides this church, the church owned building 'Posnett Bhavan' let out to Government and private agencies is available. In the third floor of the Building there is Directorate of Census Operations, Telangana office.

Fernandez Maternity Hospital is located over here. The King Koti Palace is also located here.
The King Koti palace has a unique Gate known as "Pardha Gate". Once the Nizam of Hyderabad used to reside in this very Palace.

Very recently Kameneni Hospitals has been established which is becoming increasingly popular in the Hyderabad city. There are some popular restaurants like Kolani's Kitchen and Mayur Pan shop etc.

Transport
The state run TSRTC has a big bus junction at close by koti to all parts of the city. The closest MMTS Train Station is at Kachiguda or Malakpet.

School
There is an educational institute named Pragathi Mahavidyalaya which has a college and a school.

References

Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India


Kennessee Green is a village in the southern half of Maghull in Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England. Kennessee Green has two churches: St Andrew's Church and St. Georges Church. The village of Kennessee Green is situated around Maghull railway station, St Andrew's Church and the former epileptic homes located around Damfield Lane and Deyes Lane. The village also contains two high schools, Deyes High School and Maricourt High School.

History
Historically in Lancashire, Kennessee Green grew when the Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway was founded. Wealthy families moved from Liverpool to the area and lived in the large Victorian houses around Tree View Court and Maghull railway station. By 1901, Kennessee Green was significantly larger than Maghull itself, and was connected to Maghull through various narrow roads.

During the 20th century, Kennessee Green and Maghull both grew with housing estates being built which consequently connected the areas together. The new housing estates did not respect the historic street patterns of both of the villages. In 1974, Kennessee Green and Maghull were moved from the West Lancashire Rural District in the administrative and ceremonial county of Lancashire and placed into the newly formed Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in the also newly formed ceremonial county of Merseyside.

There are no signs to mark Kennessee Green as it is contiguous with Maghull.

Shopping
Kennessee Green has no significant centre but it has a small busy row of shops called Tree View Court referred to as Station Shops, they are located on the junction of Station Road and Tailors Lane and one block from the railway station and the Great Mogul Pub. Tree View Court includes a newsagent, a pharmacy, and a One Stop convenience store amongst other shops.

Transport
Kennessee Green includes Maghull railway station, with services to Liverpool and Ormskirk operated by Merseyrail. Kennessee Green is also close to Switch Island, one of the largest junctions in the Merseyside area, with the M57 and M58 motorways nearby. And the A59 is situated to the west of the village, connecting Maghull and Kennessee Green with Liverpool, Aintree, Litherland, Preston and Ormskirk.

Towns and villages in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
Maghull


The Second Europaturnier was held from 8 to 14 September 1941 in Munich. The event was organised by Ehrhardt Post, the Chief Executive of Nazi Grossdeutscher Schachbund. The First Europaturnier had taken place in Stuttgart in May 1939.

Results
The event was won by Gösta Stoltz, who scored a spectacular victory with 1½ points ahead of Alexander Alekhine and Erik Lundin. Stoltz won 1,000 Reichsmarks and received a trophy that was donated by Bavarian Ministerpräsident at the time Ludwig Siebert. The trophy was made of Meissen porcelain and worth close to $1,000.

The results and standings:
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; "
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|#
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Player
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Country
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|1
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|2
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|3
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|4
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|5
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|6
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|7
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|8
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|9
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|10
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|11
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|12
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|13
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|14
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|15
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|16
|  style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Total
|-
| 1|| Gösta Stoltz ||  ||x ||½ ||1 ||0 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 || 12
|-
| 2-3|| Alexander Alekhine ||  ||½ ||x ||½ ||1 ||0 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||½ ||½ ||0 ||1 ||1 ||1 || 10½
|-
| 2-3|| Erik Lundin ||  ||0 ||½ ||x ||0 ||½ ||1 ||½ ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||½ ||1 || 10½
|-
| 4|| Efim Bogoljubow ||  ||1 ||0 ||1 ||x ||½ ||0 ||½ ||½ ||0 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 || 9½
|-
| 5-6|| Bjørn Nielsen ||  ||0 ||1 ||½ ||½ ||x ||1 ||½ ||½ ||0 ||½ ||0 ||1 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||1 || 9
|-
| 5-6|| Kurt Richter ||  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||x ||½ ||0 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||1 ||½ || 9
|-
| 7|| Jan Foltys ||  ( Bohemia and Moravia) ||0 ||½ ||½ ||½ ||½ ||½ ||x ||1 ||½ ||0 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||0 ||1 ||½ || 8
|-
| 8|| Pál Réthy ||  ||½ ||0 ||0 ||½ ||½ ||1 ||0 ||x ||0 ||½ ||½ ||½ ||1 ||1 ||½ ||1 || 7½
|-
| 9-10|| Braslav Rabar ||  ||0 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||1 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||x ||½ ||0 ||0 ||½ ||½ ||1 ||½ || 7
|-
| 9-10|| Georg Kieninger ||  ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||1 ||½ ||½ ||x ||½ ||1 ||½ ||½ ||½ ||1 || 7
|-
| 11|| Géza Füster ||  ||0 ||½ ||0 ||½ ||1 ||0 ||½ ||½ ||1 ||½ ||x ||0 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||1 || 6½
|-
| 12|| Paul Mross ||  (General Government) ||0 ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||0 ||1 ||x ||½ ||1 ||½ ||1 || 6
|-
| 13|| Karel Opočenský ||  ( Bohemia and Moravia) ||0 ||1 ||0 ||½ ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||½ ||0 ||½ ||x ||½ ||1 ||½ || 5½
|-
| 14-15|| Ivan Vladimir Rohaček ||  ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||1 ||0 ||½ ||½ ||1 ||0 ||½ ||x ||½ ||0 || 4½
|-
| 14-15|| Nicolaas Cortlever ||  ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||0 ||½ ||1 ||½ ||0 ||½ ||x ||1 || 4½
|-
| 16|| Peter Leepin ||  ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||½ ||0 ||½ ||0 ||0 ||0 ||½ ||1 ||0 ||x || 3
|}

Max Euwe's rejection
Former world champion Max Euwe declined the invitation due to "occupational obligations" as manager of a groceries business. He would later decline the invitation to a similar event, Salzburg 1942 chess tournament due to illness. It is speculated that the real motive was the invitation of Alexander Alekhine, who had written antisemitic articles. Among others, Alekhine had written about the "Jewish clique" around  Euwe in the World Chess Championship 1935.

References

Chess competitions
Chess in Germany
1941 in chess
Sports competitions in Munich
1940s in Munich
1941 in German sport
International sports competitions hosted by Germany
September 1941 sports events


Neues vom Hexer (lit. "News from the Sorcerer"), aka Again the Ringer, is a 1965 West German black-and-white crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer and starring Heinz Drache. It is part of a series of German screen adaptations of Edgar Wallace's thriller novels, and the direct sequel of the 1964 film Der Hexer. It was also known as The Ringer Returns.

Cast
 Heinz Drache as Inspector James W. Wesby
 Barbara Rütting as Margie Fielding
 Brigitte Horney as Lady Aston
 Margot Trooger as Cora Ann Milton
 Siegfried Schürenberg as Sir John
 Klaus Kinski as Edwards
 Robert Hoffmann as Archie Moore
 Karl John as Dr. Mills (as Carl John)
 Hubert von Meyerinck as Judge Matthews
 Heinz Spitzner as Bailey
 Kurt Waitzmann as Lanny
 Lia Eibenschütz as Lady Curtain
 Teddy Naumann as Charles
 Gisela Hahn as Susan Copperfield
 Lu Saeuberlich as governess (as Lu Säuberlich)
 Eddi Arent as Archibald Finch
 René Deltgen as Arthur Milton

Production
This film is based on the thriller Again the Ringer (The Ringer Returns) by Edgar Wallace. Cinematography took place from 15 March to 27 April 1965 at Berlin/West, London and its environments.

Release
The FSK gave the film a rating of 16 and up and found it not appropriate for screenings on public holidays.

References

External links

 Neues vom Hexer at filmportal.de/en

1965 films
1960s mystery films
1960s crime thriller films
German mystery films
German crime thriller films
German sequel films
West German films
1960s German-language films
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Alfred Vohrer
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films produced by Horst Wendlandt
Films set in England
Constantin Film films
1960s German films


Akingbade is a West African surname, which is held by a number of individuals all over the world.

Definition
The definition of the name Akingbade is “strong/brave one who wears the crown”. Its origin is from the West African language of Yoruba.

A more detailed origin of the surname is situated in the town of Epe (now in Lagos, Nigeria).

History
In ancient times (before the colonization by the British Empire) each town had its own monarchy. Yoruba surnames tell a history of the ancestors. The surname Akingbade comes from the royal family in Epe. It is not entirely clear what the history of the name is but one could assume that centuries ago a battle was fought and one of the Akingbade ancestors managed to seize the monarchy. They were also part of the royal family in Ijero Ekiti and some have standard origin in Obaagun in Osun State.

Modern era
However, it is unclear if any active royals still remain in Epe. Many Akingbades now live across the globe with a high percentage in the United Kingdom and the United States.

References

Yoruba-language surnames


Max Sánchez Barrantes (born 2 January 1973) is a retired Costa Rican professional footballer.

Club career
Sánchez once boasted the record of having played for the most clubs in Costa Rica's Primera Division de Costa Rica, alongside former teammate Evance Benwell, but was finally surpassed by Benwell who notched up 12 different teams.

He among others played for Santos de Guápiles, Cartaginés, Santa Bárbara, Saprissa, Puntarenas and Liberia Mía in the Primera Division de Costa Rica. In summer 2002 he was on the verge of signing for Greek side OFI Crete.

In summer 2010 he returned to the Premier Division when he joined Limón from second division Municipal Grecia.

International career
A tall holding midfielder, Sánchez made four appearances for the Costa Rica national football team, his debut coming in the 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup semi-final against South Korea.

References

External links

 Profile at Nacion

1973 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Costa Rican men's footballers
Costa Rica men's international footballers
2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Deportivo Saprissa players
A.D. Municipal Pérez Zeledón footballers
A.D. San Carlos footballers
A.D. Ramonense players
Santos de Guápiles F.C. footballers
C.S. Cartaginés players
Puntarenas F.C. players
A.D. Municipal Liberia footballers
Municipal Grecia players


A musical road is a road, or section of a road, which when driven over causes a tactile vibration and audible rumbling that can be felt through the wheels and body of the vehicle. This rumbling is heard within the car as well as the surrounding area, in the form of a musical tune. Musical roads are known to currently exist in Hungary, Japan, South Korea, the United States, China, Iran, Taiwan, Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates and Argentina. In the past, they could be found in France, Denmark and the Netherlands as well.

Each note is produced by varying the spacing of strips in, or on, the road. For example, an E note requires a frequency of around 330 vibrations a second. Therefore, strips  apart will produce an E note in a vehicle travelling at .

By country

Argentina
In 2021, Argentina installed a musical road along the kilometer 1449 of national route 237, called "the piano of kilometer 1449," in Piedra del Águila between Neuquén and Bariloche. It is the first musical road in South America. The song played is the first ten notes of "La Cucaracha," but the fourth, ninth and tenth notes are out-of-key. Like the musical road in Denmark, it is also called an "asphaltophone," or “asfaltófono” in Spanish. Similarly to the musical roads in Hungary and New Mexico in the United States, the musical segments are only on the side of the road as opposed to covering the entire width of the road. It was implemented both to avoid accidents caused by fatigue and increase tourism.

Denmark

The first known musical road, the Asfaltofon (English: Asphaltophone), was created in October 1995 in Gylling, Denmark, by Steen Krarup Jensen and Jakob Freud-Magnus, two Danish artists. The Asphaltophone was made from a series of raised pavement markers, similar to Botts' dots, spaced out at intermittent intervals so that as a vehicle passed over the markers, the vibrations caused by the wheels could be heard inside the car. The song played was an arpeggio in the key of F major.

France
In 2000, a musical road with a 28-note melody composed by Gaellic Guillerm was built in the suburb of Villepinte, Seine-Saint-Denis, France. It was located on boulevard Laurent and Danielle Casanova and was supposedly paved over in 2002. However, as of 2006, subsequent visits to the site of this musical road claimed that the song could still be heard faintly.

Hungary

In 2019, Hungary installed a musical road in memoriam of László Bódi (better known by his stage name Cipő), lead singer from the band Republic. When going on the side of the road, one can hear an approximately 30-second snippet of their song 67-es út (Road 67). It is located at  on Road 67 between Mernyeszentmiklós and Mernye, in the southbound direction.

A second musical road was built in Hungary in 2022, this time on road 37 in Szerencs. The project was completed in April 2023. This musical road is 513 meters and plays a well-known Hungarian children's folk song called “The Grapes are Ripening.”

Indonesia
In 2019, Indonesia installed a musical road along the Ngawi–Kertosono section of the Solo–Kertosono Toll Road in Java. The song played is the first six notes of "Happy Birthday To You," but the fifth note is off-key by a half-step. It was installed to reduce the number of traffic accidents, and the song was chosen because it is familiar to the community.

Japan

In Japan, Shizuo Shinoda accidentally scraped some markings into a road with a bulldozer and drove over them and realized that it was possible to create tunes depending on the depth and spacing of the grooves. In 2007, the Hokkaido National Industrial Research Institute, which had previously worked on a system using infra-red lights to detect dangerous road surfaces, refined Shinoda's designs to create the Melody Road. They used the same concept of cutting grooves into the concrete at specific intervals and found the closer the grooves are, the higher the pitch of the sound; while grooves which are spaced farther apart create lower pitched sounds.

There are multiple permanently paved  Melody Roads sections throughout Japan. The first ones built included one in Hokkaido in Shibetsu, Nemuro which plays the "Shiretoko Love Song" on the site of where Shinoda's first bulldozer scrapings were, another in the town of Kimino in Wakayama Prefecture where a car can produce the Japanese ballad "Miagete goran yoru no hoshi wo" by Kyu Sakamoto, one in Shizuoka Prefecture on the ascending drive to Mount Fuji, and a fourth in the village of Katashina in Gunma, which consists of 2,559 grooves cut into a  stretch of existing roadway and produces the tune of "Memories of Summer". A 320-meter (1050 ft) stretch of the Ashinoko Skyline in Hakone plays "A Cruel Angel's Thesis", the theme song from the anime Neon Genesis Evangelion, when driven over at 40 km/h. Yet another can be found on the road between Nakanojo town and Shima Onsen, which plays "Always With Me" (Japanese title: いつも何度でも, Itsumo nando demo) from the feature animation Spirited Away.

The roads work by creating sequences of variable width groove intervals to create specific low and high frequency vibrations. Some of these roads, such as one in Okinawa that produces the Japanese folk song "Futami Jowa", as well as one in Hiroshima Prefecture, are polyphonic, with different sequences of rumble strips for the left and right tires so that a melody and harmony can be heard. As of 2016, there are over 30 Melody Roads in Japan.

Netherlands
A singing road had been installed near the village of Jelsum in Friesland. The Friesland provincial anthem (De Alde Friezen) would play if drivers obeyed the speed limits, otherwise the song would play off-key. After complaints from villagers, the singing road was removed.

South Korea
The Singing Road can be found close to Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea, and was created using grooves cut into the ground, similar to the Japanese Melody Roads. Unlike the Japanese roads, however, which were designed to attract tourists, the Singing Road is intended to help motorists stay alert and awake – 68% of traffic accidents in South Korea are caused by inattentive, sleeping or speeding drivers. The tune played is "Mary Had a Little Lamb" and took four days to construct. It is likely that the song was chosen because the road leads to an airport - in Korean, the melody of "Mary Had a Little Lamb" is known as "Airplane," with lyrics describing an airplane flying. As of 2022, however, it was paved over and the song can no longer be heard.

As of 2022, there are five singing roads in South Korea. There were formerly six, but the first was paved over. The second one, built at an unknown date, plays a traditional folk tune called “Mountain Wind, River Wind” for guests exiting the ski resort Kangwonland. The third is located on the way from Osan to Chinhae and plays a song called “Bicycle.”

The fourth was constructed in 2019 and plays the first verse of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star”. It was constructed inside of the Inje-Yangyang Tunnel on the Seoul-Yangyang Expressway, the longest tunnel in Korea. The fifth is located on the Donghae Expressway inside of a tunnel and plays a well-known Korean children's folk song called “Cheer Up, Dad.” The sixth one was constructed inside the Marae tunnel on route 17, but the title of the song played by the road is unknown.

China
A 300-meter stretch of asphalt road in Beijing's south-western Fengtai district in the Qianlingshan Mountain Scenic Area has been made into a singing road and will play the tune "Ode to the Motherland", as long as drivers follow the speed limit of 40 km/h. Construction was completed in 2016. "We have small grooves built into the road surface, positioned apart with different sizes of gap according to the melody of the song. These 'rumble strips' cause the car tires to play music and then make a singing road," said Lin Zhong, general manager of Beijing Luxin Dacheng landscape architecture company. "Our first idea is to get cars moving at a constant speed. Because only in that way can you enjoy good musical effect. We use it as a reminder of speed limit," added Lin.

Two other musical roads in China exist: the first at a nature reserve in Henan that plays the national anthem and "Mo Li Hua", and the second near Yangma Dao in Yantai which plays the overture from "Carmen" and "Ode to Joy." One song is paved into each side of the road at both locations so drivers can experience a song both traveling one way and the other way.

In June 2021, a 587-meter portion of G108 in Xiayunling Township, Fangshan, Beijing, was made into a musical road which plays the tune of Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China. Xiayunling was the birthplace of this song.

United States

The Civic Musical Road was built on Avenue K in Lancaster, California, on 5 September 2008. Covering a quarter-mile stretch of road between 60th Street West and 70th Street West, the Civic Musical Road used grooves cut into the asphalt to replicate part of the finale of the William Tell overture. It was paved over on 23 September after nearby residents complained to the city council about noise levels. After further complaints from city residents about its removal, work began to re-create it on 15 October 2008 on Avenue G between 30th Street West and 40th Street West—this time, two miles away from any residence. This road is named after the Honda Civic. It opened two days later. The new section on Avenue G is only in the far left lane of the westbound side of the road. The road appears in Honda Civic commercials. The rhythm is recognizable, but the intervals are so far off that the melody bears only a slight resemblance to the William Tell overture, regardless of the car speed. It is likely the designers made a systematic miscalculation not to include the width of the groove in the relevant width of the spacing plus groove. This failure was made on both Avenue K and Avenue G.

In October 2014, the village of Tijeras, New Mexico, installed a musical road on a two-lane stretch of U.S. Route 66 which plays "America the Beautiful", when a vehicle drives over it at 45 mph. This highway is labelled NM 333, between Miles 4 and 5, eastbound. Funded by the National Geographic Society, the project was coordinated with the New Mexico Department of Transportation who described the project as a way to get drivers to slow down, "and to bring a little excitement to an otherwise monotonous highway." By 2020, however, the tune was fading and most of the ridges were even paved over. A spokesperson for New Mexico's Department of Transportation said, "...there are no plans to restore the musical highway. The cost is outrageous, and they have since restored portions of the roadway and removed all of the signs. Unfortunately, this was part of a previous administration and never set in stone to keep up with the maintenance of this singing highway."

In October 2019, Tim Arnold, an alumnus of Auburn University's College of Engineering, created and installed a musical road that plays the first seven notes of the Auburn Tigers fight song, "War Eagle".  Inspired by previous musical roads, the short section of South Donahue Drive has been dubbed "War Eagle Road" and was created with a revolutionary process utilizing a surface-application material which does not damage the road. Working with support from Auburn University and the National Center for Asphalt Technology, Arnold developed the War Eagle Road to be a work of public art welcoming fans and rivals as they approach campus.  The project was approved by Office of the University Architect within Facilities Management and completed to coordinate with the final three home games of the Auburn Tigers football season.  The musical road has enjoyed a positive public reaction and seems to be welcomed as a permanent fixture.

United Arab Emirates
On January 13, 2023, a musical road was built in the city of Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates, playing the national anthem of the country, Ishy Bilady, when driven over. However, it is being used as an experiment; the strips on the road are temporary and will be removed in the future to study the possibility of a better implementation.

See also
 Rumble strip
 Walt Disney World singing runway

References

External links
 The Singing Road in New Mexico The Singing Road
 Locations and sounds of singing roads at Sonic Wonders
 Musical road in Lancaster, Calif. at Google Maps

Public art
Road infrastructure
Sound sculptures

Musical roads


Before You Go is an album by Buck Owens and his Buckaroos, released in 1965. It is no longer in print.

Reception

In his AllMusic review, critic Richie Unterberger wrote: "This has the usual competent original material and accomplished guitar picking, paced by the number one title track, with occasional instrumentals thrown in for a change of pace."

Track listing

Side one
 "Before You Go" (Buck Owens, Don Rich)
 "Gonna Have Love" (Owens, Red Simpson)
 "Getting Used to Loving You" (Owens, Rich)
 "Steel Guitar Rag" (Leon McAuliffe, Cliff Stone, Merle Travis)
 "No Fool Like an Old Fool" (Owens)
 "I Betcha Didn't Know" (Lamar Morris)

Side two
 "I Want No One But You" (Owens, Simpson)
 "If You Want a Love" (Buck Owens, Bonnie Owens, Don Rich)
 "Number One Heel" (Owens, Owens)
 "Raz-Ma-Taz Polka" (Owens)
 "There's Gonna Come a Day" (Owens)
 "Charlie Brown" (Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller) with Doyle Holly

References

1965 albums
Buck Owens albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


An observatory of prices tries to improve the knowledge of the explanatory circumstances of the formation of the prices of goods, typically of differences between prices of basic products from source to destination, or in different markets, allowing to carry out a systematic pursuit of the same, and making the prices creation as public as possible.  An observatory of prices tries to favor the transparency and rationality in the commercialization of products in free complex markets, contributing to the price stability of products (trying to limit deflation or inflation), increasing the organization and amount of information of the quotes of products, and improving the competition in the different phases from the commercialization process and in the different times and locations, to the benefit of all the intervening agents in the chain, especially of the consumers.

Spanish Observatory of Price
 Canary Island Government Price's Observatory
 Supercomprador Price Observatory

References

Pricing
Supermarkets


Friends 'Til the End is a 1997 television film directed by Jack Bender. It was originally broadcast January 20, 1997, on NBC.

Plot
Heather Romley (Shannen Doherty) and Suzanne Boxer (Jennifer Blanc) are both singers who have been competing against each other as long as they can remember. Usually, however, the more talented Heather won all the competitions, which resulted in Suzanne being insecure, going insane, and carrying a grudge against Heather, while being pushed by her stage mother.

Years later, Heather enrolls in college and hooks up with a boyfriend, Simon (Jason London). Suzanne, now using the alias of Zanne Armstrong, also enrolls in the same university, with the intention of destroying Heather's life. In the course of this insane evil revenge scheme, she becomes apparent best friends with Heather. But meanwhile, she is evilly destroying all Heather's friendships, and she even successfully seduces Simon himself. Heather is now being threatened with expulsion from college for plagiarism and is kicked out of her own band, with Zanne taking her place. Heather wants to take down Zanne, and sets out, with assistance, to prove Zanne's true identity—specifically, that "Zanne Armstrong's" real name is Suzanne Boxer, and that she is insane and indeed evil.

Cast
Shannen Doherty as Heather Romley
Jennifer Blanc as Zanne Armstrong/Suzanne Boxer
Jason London as Simon
Harriet Sansom Harris as Mrs. Boxer
John Livingston as Nick
Marisol Nichols as Alison
Gregory Itzin as Mr. Romley
Christine Healy as Mrs. Romley
Nicole Bilderback as Paige
Steven Martini as Bryan
Jenna Leigh Green as Risa
Harry J. Lennix as Prof. Gunderson
Shanna Moakler as Lisa

External links
Official website

1997 television films
1997 films
NBC network original films
Films about fraternities and sororities
Films directed by Jack Bender
Films scored by Christophe Beck
1990s English-language films


David Irwin may refer to:

David Irwin (explorer) (1910–1970), American arctic sled explorer
David Irwin (rugby union) (born 1959), Irish rugby union player
Dave Irwin (born 1954), Canadian skier
J. David Irwin (born 1939), engineer

See also
David Irving (disambiguation)
David Irvine (disambiguation)


BP-5 Compact Food (also known as a BP-5 biscuit) is a high-calorie, vitamin fortified, compact, compressed and dry emergency food (food ration bar), often used by relief agencies for the emergency feeding of refugees and internally displaced persons.

Description
BP-5 is available in packs of 2 biscuit bars. Each box of 9 packs contains 500g of food, with approximately 2,300 calories per box.  Shelf life is 5 years.  The food is produced by Compact AS, based in Norway, and purchased by agencies through UNICEF.

Ingredients
Ingredients include baked wheat flour, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, sugar, soy protein concentrate, malt extract, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins.

Usage
BP-5 is used for disaster relief and disaster preparedness, and for emergency food rations in refugee camps, particularly for malnourished children.  It is eaten directly, or mixed with water to make a porridge.

Typically, an adult is given 250g per day. Although this is a calorie deficit, it provides the recommended protein and basic vitamin requirements.  Because it is easily digestible, neutral tasting, and contains no dairy or meat products the food may be widely used, even for people with severe malnourishment.

One study found that its portability made it susceptible to cheating and black-market trade and recommended to switch to "blended foods" as and when practical, blended foods here referring to porridge mixes.

BP-5, along with Plumpy Nut (a peanut-butter supplement) was fed to visitors to a small mobile refugee camp created by Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) to travel to major world cities to raise awareness.

See also
 Humanitarian daily ration

References

Survival equipment
Malnutrition


Air Marshal Sir Brian Edmund Baker  (31 August 1896 – 8 October 1979), was an officer of the Royal Air Force who served in both World Wars. He was a flying ace in World War I credited, in conjunction with his gunners, with twelve victories, comprising one enemy aircraft captured, four destroyed (including one shared), and seven "out of control" (including one shared).

Biography
Baker was educated at Haileybury College between 1910 and 1914.

World War I
On 9 January 1915 Baker received a commission as a temporary second lieutenant, in the 15th (Service) Battalion of the Rifle Brigade.

In August 1915, Baker was transferred into the Royal Flying Corps, and received the Royal Aero Club Aviator's Certificate No. 1938 at the military flying school at Montrose on 25 October 1915. On 7 December 1915 Baker was assigned to the General List, attached to the Royal Flying Corps, and appointed a flying officer. With only 12 hours of flight time in his log book, he was posted to No. 13 Squadron in France, flying the BE.2 aircraft.

On 6 February 1917, although still only a second lieutenant, he was appointed a flight commander, with the temporary rank of captain, in the newly formed No. 48 Squadron, flying the Bristol F.2B. Between June and November 1917 he gained 12 victories:

On 1 July 1918 Baker was appointed Officer Commanding No. 141 Squadron at RAF Biggin Hill, receiving promotion from captain to temporary major.

Inter-war career
After the war he remained with the RAF, serving as an instructor at the School of Technical Training. He trained as a flying instructor at the Central Flying School and in December 1921 was assigned to No. 4 Flying Training School at RAF Abu Sueir, Egypt. He later served on the staff of the Directorate of Training, before being appointed Officer Commanding, Aden Flight, in February 1924. In April 1925 he returned to No. 4 FTS as instructor and commander. He was promoted from flight lieutenant to squadron leader on 1 July 1925.

Baker was appointed Officer Commanding the Experimental Section at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in March 1926, and Officer Commanding No. 32 Squadron at Biggin Hill in December 1929. In December 1932 he was promoted to wing commander, and appointed chief flying instructor at RAF Leuchars.

Baker served aboard the aircraft carrier  in 1934, and was senior RAF officer aboard  from May 1935. He was appointed station commander at RAF Gosport in April 1937, with the rank of group captain from 1 July 1937, and then served as station commander at Leuchars from September 1938.

World War II
In May 1940 Baker was appointed Air Officer Commanding No. 51 Group, part of RAF Flying Training Command, receiving promotion to air commodore (temporary) in September. He then served as Air Officer Commanding AHQ Iceland from 1941, and Air Officer Commanding No. 16 Group from July 1942, receiving promotion to air vice marshal on 1 December 1942. He was transferred to command of No. 19 (Reconnaissance) Group, Coastal Command, in July 1943. He commanded Air Headquarters East Africa from January to June 1945. He was appointed Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters RAF Middle East in June 1945.

Post-war
From December 1945 Baker served as Deputy Air Commander-in-Chief RAF Mediterranean and Middle East. He was promoted to air marshal on 1 July 1947, and was appointed Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief RAF Transport Command in September 1947, serving in that post until his retirement from the RAF in May 1950.

Baker died on 8 October 1979 at RAF Hospital Nocton Hall, Lincolnshire, England.

Honours and awards
  Military Cross (27 August 1917)
Second Lieutenant (Temporary Captain) Brian Edmund Baker, Rifle Brigade and Royal Flying Corps.
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He led his patrol with great skill against a hostile formation, which he attacked, accounting for five enemy machines out of six. Later, he drove a hostile machine down in flames, and attacked and destroyed another one by diving 7,000 feet on to it and firing at such close range as to nearly collide with it. His gallantry has been at all times of great value to his squadron.
  Distinguished Service Order (4 March 1918)
Second Lieutenant (Temporary Captain) Brian Edmund Baker, MC, General List and Royal Flying Corps.
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Whilst on patrol he engaged nine Albatross scouts, five of these being driven down, two of which he accounted for. On another occasion, whilst leading his flight on in offensive patrol, he dived alone on a formation of six enemy scouts, driving one down out of control. During the course of his patrol work he has brought down ten enemy machines, and his work on all occasions has been magnificent. He is a dashing patrol leader, and inspires all with the greatest keenness.
  Croix de Guerre (France, 16 April 1918).
  Air Force Cross (1 January 1919).
  Companion of the Order of the Bath (2 June 1943).
  Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (15 August 1944), "in recognition of his distinguished services in connection with operations in Normandy".
  Commander with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland, June 1945).
  Grand Officer of Order of the White Lion (Czechoslovakia, March 1946).
  War Cross (Czechoslovakia, July 1946).
  Legion of Merit (United States, September 1949).

Cricket

Baker was a keen cricketer, and as a right-handed batsman, he played for Haileybury College nine times between 1912 and 1914, and twice for Hertfordshire in the Minor Counties Championship in August 1914. Between 1925 and 1932 he made thirteen appearances for the Royal Air Force cricket team, eight at first-class level, and served as Team Captain between 1928 and 1930. He was also a member of the RAF hockey team in 1927.

References

1896 births
1979 deaths
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Rifle Brigade officers
English aviators
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Flying Corps officers
British World War I flying aces
Royal Air Force air marshals
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Recipients of the Military Cross
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Grand Officers of the Order of the White Lion
Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Hertfordshire cricketers
Royal Air Force cricketers
English cricketers
Military personnel from Hertfordshire
People from Hertford
Cricketers from Hertfordshire


Xinjiang Arts Institute () is an arts college in Xinjiang. It is ranked at 521st in China, having a score of 15.00.

50th anniversary
On September 26, 2008, Xinjiang Arts Institute held a conference to celebrate its 50th anniversary of establishment at Xinjiang People's Hall. Ismail Tiliwaldi, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress; Nur Bekri, deputy secretary of CPC Xinjiang Committee, chairman of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region attended the celebration with university staff and students.

References

External links
 Official site

1953 establishments in China
Universities and colleges in Xinjiang
Education in Ürümqi


A composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) is a vessel consisting of a thin, non-structural liner wrapped with a structural fiber composite, designed to hold a fluid under pressure. The liner provides a barrier between the fluid and the composite, preventing leaks (which can occur through matrix microcracks which do not cause structural failure) and chemical degradation of the structure. In general, a protective shell is applied for protective shielding against impact damage. The most commonly used composites are fiber reinforced polymers (FRP), using carbon and kevlar fibers. The primary advantage of a COPV as compared to a similar sized metallic pressure vessel is lower weight; COPVs, however, carry an increased cost of manufacturing and certification.

Overview
A composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) is a pressure-containing vessel, typically composed of a metallic liner, a composite overwrap, and one or more bosses. They are used in spaceflight due to their high strength and low weight.

During operation, COPVs expand from their unpressurized state.

Manufacturing

COPVs are commonly manufactured by winding resin-impregnated high tensile strength fiber tape directly onto a cylindrical or spherical metallic liner. A robot places the tape so that the fibers lay straight and do not cross or kink, which would create a stress concentration in the fiber, and also ensures that there are minimal gaps or voids between tapes. The entire vessel is then heated in a temperature controlled oven in order to harden the composite resin.

During manufacturing, COPVs undergo a process called autofrettage. The unit is pressurized and the liner expands and plastically (permanently) deforms, resulting in a permanent volume increase. The pressure is then relieved and the liner contracts a small amount, being loaded in compression by the overwrap at near its compressive yield point. This residual strain improves cycle life. Another reason to autofrettage a vessel is to verify that the volume increase across pressure vessels in a product line remain within an expected range. Larger volume growth than usual could indicate manufacturing defects such as overwrap voids, a high stress gradient through the overwrap layers, or other damage.

Testing
Various tests and inspections are performed on COPVs, including hydrostatic tests, stress-rupture lifetime, and nondestructive evaluation.

Aging

Three main components affect a COPVs strength due to aging: cycle fatigue, age life of the overwrap, and stress rupture life.

Failures
COPVs can be subject to complex modes of failure. In 2016, a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket exploded on the pad due to the failure of a COPV inside the liquid oxygen tank: the failure resulted from accumulation of frozen solid oxygen between the COPV's aluminum liner and composite overwrap in a void or buckle. The entrapped oxygen can either break overwrap fibers or cause friction between fibers as it swells, igniting the fibers in the pure oxygen and causing the COPV to fail. A similar failure occurred in 2015 on CRS-7 when the COPV burst, causing the oxygen tank to overpressurize and explode 139 seconds into flight.

See also

References

Pressure vessels