Traveller's Rest, also known as the General Horatio Gates Home, is an historic plantation house located on Bowers Road near Kearneysville, Jefferson County, West Virginia.  Built in 1773 and enlarged a few years later, it was the home of Continental Army General Horatio Gates from 1773 until 1790.  The house is very little altered from that period, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.  The house is located on private property, and is not normally open to the public.

Description
Traveller's Rest is located in a rural setting west of Kearneysville, on more than  of land which Bowers Road (County Road 1/1) runs through in an east–west direction.  The main house, a -story stone structure, is set well back on the north side of the road.  The eastern section was built by the Hyatt family in a side hall plan, with the western added by Gates a few years later in 1773. The eastern section is a -story structure over a full basement, with a gable roof.  It measures about 34 feet wide and 30 feet deep.  The western section is also a -story structure with a full basement and measures about 16 feet wide and 30 feet deep. The elevation is seven bays wide.

History

Horatio Gates, a native of England, served in the British Army during the French and Indian War, but was prevented from advancement after the war by a lack of money or political connection.  Gates and his family sailed from England to Virginia in 1772 and bought  on the Potomac River near Shepherdstown in what is now West Virginia. He built this limestone house and became a slave owner, a local justice, and a lieutenant colonel in the militia.  When the American Revolutionary War broke out, Gates helped organized the Continental Army, and went on to become of its more controversial generals, gaining the important victory at Saratoga in 1777 and a humiliating loss at Camden in 1780.  After the war, Gates returned to Traveller's Rest.  In 1790, he sold the home, freed his slaves and moved to New York City.

Gates employed John Ariss for interior woodwork, at a time when Ariss was working on nearby projects for the Washington family. Gates added to the original four-bay structure ashlar masonry, appending a three-bay random rubble stone extension. The dormers were added after Gates' tenure.

The only major documented alteration to the house after the period of Gates ownership is the addition of dormers to the gabled roof.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, West Virginia

References

External links

National Historic Landmarks in West Virginia
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Houses in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Georgian architecture in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Houses completed in 1773
Historic American Buildings Survey in West Virginia
Colonial architecture in West Virginia
John Ariss buildings
Plantation houses in West Virginia
1773 establishments in Virginia


Notable alumni of St. John's University in New York City include, alphabetically:

 Peter Abbate, member of New York State Assembly
 Joseph P. Addabbo (1925–1986), US Representative from New York (1961–86)
 Joseph Addabbo, Jr., New York State Senator and New York City Council member
 Haron Amin (born 1979), Afghan diplomat and spokesman for Northern Alliance after September 11 attacks
 Rich Aurilia (born 1971), Major League Baseball player
 James Baba, Ugandan diplomat, politician, and state minister
 Michael Balboni, NY Deputy Secretary of State for Public Safety, NYS Senator
 Leszek Balcerowicz, MBA (1974), senior government official and architect of the Balcerowicz Plan leading Poland into a market economy
 Russ Banham (born 1954), Pulitzer Prize-nominated journalist and best-selling author
 Morton Bard, psychologist, trailblazer in crisis intervention, author of The Crime Victim's Book
 Erick Barkley, NBA player selected in first round of 2000 NBA draft
 Rowan Barrett, basketball player, top scorer in the 2002 Israel Basketball Premier League
 Frank Barsalona, music industry talent agent, non-performer inductee in Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
 Bruce R. Bent, inventor of first money market fund
 Walter Berry, NBA basketball player
 Anthony Joseph Bevilacqua, Cardinal and Archbishop of Philadelphia
 Alessandra Biaggi (born 1986), New York State Senator
 Albert H. Bosch, United States House of Representatives
 Leonard Boudin, lawyer and civil rights activist
 Harry Boykoff (1922–2001), NBA basketball player
 Keegan Bradley, professional golfer, winner of 2011 PGA Championship
 Adam Braz (born 1981), Canadian soccer player and Technical Director of the Montreal Impact of Major League Soccer
 Robert J. Brennan, Bishop of Brooklyn, previously Bishop of Columbus, Ohio, and auxiliary Bishop of Rockville Centre
 Ron Brown, US Secretary of Commerce
 Justin Brownlee, professional basketball player
 Danny Burawa (born 1988), Major League Baseball pitcher
 Gerald Calabrese, Mayor of Cliffside Park, New Jersey (1965–2015), NBA player with Syracuse Nationals (predecessor to Philadelphia 76ers)
 James P. Campbell, President and CEO of General Electric Consumer and Industrial
 Gerald Cardinale, New Jersey State Senator
 Hugh Carey, Governor of the State of New York and US Representative from Brooklyn
 Gregory W. Carman, United States House of Representatives
 Haggai Carmon, attorney, author of intelligence thrillers, and legal advice columnist
 Lou Carnesecca (born 1925), Hall of Fame basketball coach, St. John's head coach for 24 seasons
 Tom Carr, Seattle City Attorney and Boulder City Attorney
 William J. Casey (1913-1987), Director of Central Intelligence Agency
 Ignatius Anthony Catanello (1938–2013), prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
 Alfred C. Cerullo III, New York City Commissioner and Council Member, professional actor in theater and television
 Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick, judge of New York State Court of Appeals
 Frank Cipolla, journalist
 Dane Clark, actor
 Akis Cleanthous (1964–2011), Cypriot Minister of Education and Culture (2007–2008)
 J. Cole, hip-hop recording artist and record producer
 William Colton, member of New York State Assembly
 John Corvino, professor of philosophy at Wayne State University
 Mario Cuomo, Governor of the State of New York, Lieutenant Governor, and Secretary of State
 Jaden Daly, sports media personality
 Rachel Daly, professional footballer for England women's national football team and the US' NWSL's Houston Dash
 Nickolas Davatzes, former President and CEO of A&E Network
 Mack David (1912–1993), lyricist and songwriter
 Mel Davis, professional basketball player
 Raymond J. Dearie, US District Judge, Eastern District of New York
 George Deukmejian, Attorney General (1979–1982) and Governor of the State of California (1983–1990)
 Dominick L. DiCarlo, US Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics Matters, Chief Judge of the US Court of International Trade
 Janet DiFiore, Chief Judge, New York Court of Appeals
 Patricia DiMango, Justice, New York Supreme Court
 Richard Donoghue, US Attorney for the Eastern District of New York
 Tom J. Donohue, President and CEO of United States Chamber of Commerce
 Dan Donovan, United States House of Representatives, New York's 11th congressional district
 John Francis Dooling Jr., US District Judge, Eastern District of New York
 Conrad B. Duberstein (1915–2005), Chief Judge of US Bankruptcy Court for Eastern District of New York
 Clarence Dunnaville, lawyer and civil rights activist
 George Dzundza, actor
 Randall T. Eng, Presiding Justice, New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
 John Louis Esposito, historian and orientalist
 Clare Farragher (born 1941), member of New Jersey General Assembly (1988–2002)
 Alexander A. Farrelly, Governor of US Virgin Islands
 Patricia Fili-Krushel, senior executive at NBC Universal News Group, Time Warner, WebMD, ABC Television Network
 Mickey Fisher (1904/05–1963), basketball coach
 Joseph C. H. Flynn (1892–1941), lawyer, politician, and magistrate
 Gardner Fox, comic book writer, creator of original Justice Society, The Flash; novelist
 Mike Francesa, radio personality, "The Sports Pope"
 John Franco, baseball player, captain for New York Mets
 Dan Frisa, United States House of Representatives
 Bill Gaudette, MLS professional soccer player
 Nelson George, author, columnist, filmmaker, music and culture critic, and journalist
 John J. Ghezzi, NYS Secretary of State
 Patricia Reilly Giff, author of children's books
 Jacob H. Gilbert (1920–1981), US Representative from New York between 1960 and 1971
 John Girgenti, New Jersey State Senator
 Hy Gotkin (1922–2004), basketball player
 Matt Groenwald (born 1983), MLS professional soccer player
 Frank Gulotta, Nassau County District Attorney and NYS Appellate Division judge
 Dan Halloran, New York City Council member
 Zendon Hamilton, professional basketball player
 Craig Hansen, MLB professional baseball player
 Maurice Harkless, NBA player for Portland Trail Blazers
 Marcus Hatten (born 1980), basketball player, 2006 top scorer in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 Richard Garth Henning, Auxiliary Bishop of Rockville Centre
 Darryl Hill, basketball player known as "Showtime Hill"
 Lester Holtzman, US Congressman and NY Judge
 Daryl Homer (born 1990), Olympic fencer
 George Hu, Taiwanese actor
 Charles Hynes, District Attorney of Kings County (Brooklyn)
 Race Imboden (born 1993), Olympic fencer for team USA
 Mark Jackson, NBA basketball player
 Harold M. Jacobs (1912–1995), Jewish and civic leader
 Mark Jacoby (born 1947), Broadway actor
 Jaheim, R&B singer
 Theodore T. Jones Jr., Judge, New York Court of Appeals
 Shalrie Joseph, MLS professional soccer player
 Agim Kaba, actor, artist
 Alex Katz (born 1994), baseball player
 Melinda Katz (born 1965), Queens Borough President
 Margaret M. Keane, Chief Executive Officer and President of Synchrony Financial
 Raymond W. Kelly, Commissioner of New York City Police Department
 D.J. Kennedy (born 1989), NBA basketball player
 John M. Kennedy, Jr., politician from Suffolk County, New York
 Brian Kenny, ESPN sportscaster
 Lawrence Korb, US Assistant Secretary of Defense (1981–85)
 Boris Kostelanetz (1911–2006), tax lawyer
 John Kresse, NCAA men's basketball coach at College of Charleston
 Andrew Lanza, New York State Senator
 Henry J. Latham, United States House of Representatives
 Peter Le Jacq, a Maryknoll priest
 Raymond Lesniak, New Jersey State Senator
 Andrew Levane, NBA basketball player
 Stanley David Levison, lawyer, activist and advisor to Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
 Steve Levy, 7th County Executive of Suffolk County
 Mark LoMonaco, professional wrestler
 Allen Lowe, composer, musician, music historian, and sound restoration specialist
 Annet Mahendru (born 1985), American actress
 Patrick A. Malone, Chief Supervisory Officer of Garden State Securities Inc.
 Guy James Mangano, Presiding Justice of New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
 Thomas J. Manton, US Congressman and Chair of Queens County Democratic Organization
 John J. Marchi (1921–2009), New York] State Senator (1957–2007)
 Mariah the Scientist (born Mariah Amani Buckles, 1997), singer-songwriter
 Jack Martins, NYS Senator
 John McCormac, Mayor of Woodbridge Township, New Jersey
 Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, co-founder of hip-hop group Run-D.M.C.
 Curtis McDowald (born 1996), fencer
 Al McGuire, NCAA basketball coach and television commentator
 Ed McGuire, assistant general manager and Executive VP of Football Operations San Diego Chargers
 Frank McGuire, NCAA basketball coach at St. John's, North and South Carolina and NBA coach for Philadelphia Warriors
 Brian McNamee, MLB conditioning coach
 Stefani Miglioranzi, soccer player for Los Angeles Galaxy, played in England for Swindon Town
 Charles Minlend, professional basketball player, 2003 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
 Michael Montesano, member of New York State Assembly
 Chris Mullin, NBA player, Hall of Famer, head coach of St. John's Red Storm
 Ari Nagel (born 1975/1976), mathematics professor and sperm donor
 Sam Nahem (1915–2004), Major League Baseball pitcher
 Kate O'Beirne, journalist, political commentator, magazine editor
 Paul O'Dwyer, President of the New York City Council (1974–77)
 Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain, Judge, US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
 Joe Panik, professional baseball player for San Francisco Giants
 Joshua Parens, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dallas
 Basil Paterson, New York Secretary of State, NY State Senator, attorney
 Edmund D. Pellegrino, 11th President of The Catholic University of America
 James Pitaro, President of ESPN and Co-Chair, Disney Media Networks
 Harvey Pitt (1945-2023), 26th Chairman of US Securities and Exchange Commission (2001–03)
 Richie Powers, NBA referee (1956–79)
 Charles B. Rangel, US Representative of Manhattan
 Lewis Ranieri, former bond trader and "father" of mortgage-backed securities
 Steve Ratzer (born 1953), Major League Baseball pitcher
 Edward D. Re, Chief Judge of US Court of International Trade and US Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs
 Mike Repole, Co-Founder of Glaceau, BODYARMOR SuperDrink and Repole Stables
 Victor Ricciardi, professor of business
 Wayne Rosenthal (born 1965), Major League Baseball pitcher and coach
 Howard J. Rubenstein (1932–2020), lawyer and public relations expert
 Christopher Ruddy, CEO of Newsmax Media
 Mickey Rutner (1919-2007), Major League Baseball player
 Luke Sabis, musician, film director and actor
 Brent Sancho, MLS professional soccer player
 Metta Sandiford-Artest (born 1979), NBA basketball player formerly known as Metta World Peace and Ron Artest
 John J. Santucci, District Attorney of Queens
 Diane Savino, New York State Senator
 Eli Schenkel (born 1992), Canadian Olympic fencer
 James J. Schiro (1946–2014), CEO of PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Zurich Financial Services
 Ian Schrager, hotelier and real estate developer
 Howie Schwab, eponymous star of ESPN's show Stump the Schwab
 Malik Sealy, NBA basketball player
 Joanna Seybert (born 1946), US District Judge, Eastern District of New York
 Sidney Shapiro (1915–2014), American-born Chinese translator, actor and author
 Bob Sheppard, announcer for New York Yankees, "Voice of the Yankees"
 David D. Siegel, law professor, legal scholar and commentator
 Ron Silver (1946–2009), Tony Award-winning actor
Justin Simon (born 1996), basketball player for Bnei Herzliya of the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 Keeth Smart (born 1978), Olympic team silver medalist saber fencer, first US fencer to reach #1 world ranking
 Kathryn Smith, first full-time female National Football League coach
 Taryn Delanie Smith, Miss New York 2022
 John E. Sprizzo, US District Judge, Southern District of New York
 Stuart Sternberg, financier and principal shareholder and Managing General Partner of the Tampa Bay Rays baseball team
 Elaine Weddington Steward, lawyer working for Major League Baseball
 Norman Sturner (born 1940), real estate developer
 Bruce Sudano, singer-songwriter, record producer and music arranger
 Kevin J. Sweeney, Bishop of Paterson, New Jersey
 Tan Xiangdong, also known as Adam Tan, co-founder of Hainan Airlines and former CEO of HNA Group
 Fred Thompson (1933–2019), Hall of Fame track and field coach
 Matthew Titone, member of New York State Assembly
 Peter J. Tobin, Chief Financial Officer of Chase Manhattan Corporation
 Michael Tucci, actor
 Bob Turner, US Representative for the 9th Congressional District of New York (2011–2013)
 Martin Tytell (1913–2008), expert in manual typewriters
 Larry Valencia, Rhode Island State Representative
 Daphne Valerius, filmmaker
 Paul Vallone, New York City Council member
 Jimmy Van Bramer, New York City Council member
 Anthony Varvaro (1984–2022), MLB pitcher and Port Authority police officer
 Richard Vetere, playwright and screenwriter
 Karina Vetrano, murder victim
 Frank Viola, professional baseball player
 Sal Vulcano, comedian, Impractical Jokers
 Cora Walker, one of the first black women to practice law in New York
 Bill Wennington, NBA basketball player and author
 Jayson Williams, NBA basketball player and author
 Kevin Williams (basketball), retired NBA basketball player
 Chris Wingert, MLS professional soccer player
 Terence Winter, writer, TV, and film producer, creator of HBO series Boardwalk Empire
 Dagmara Wozniak (born 1988), Olympic saber fencer
 Emanuel Xavier, poet and LGBTQ+ activist
 Max Zaslofsky (1925–1985), NBA guard/forward, All-Star, ABA coach

Fictional
 Ray Barone, title character of TV series Everybody Loves Raymond
 Michael Clayton, title character of 2007 film Michael Clayton
 Shawn Stark, a main character of TV series Power, who fictionally played for St. John's Basketball

References


Dancing Stars is the Bulgarian adaptation of the BBC Worldwide format Dancing With The Stars. The first season of the show started on 22 September 2008 and was aired on bTV. The first season of the show was hosted by Radost Draganova and Todor Kolev. It aired from Monday to Thursday with two live shows, on Monday (main show) and Thursday (results show) and two background episodes on Tuesday and Wednesday. Dancing stars 1 was produced by Old School Productions and proved to be a huge success reaching an average audience share of over 40%, beating Nova Television's Big Brother 4.

It is also called Dancing Stars on Austrian television and draws a comparable audience.

Season 1

Judges

 Vladimir Bozhilov
 Galena Velikova
 Neshka Robeva

Contestants

 Orlin Pavlov - Pop singer           Winner
 Violeta Markovska - Actress    Runner up
 Neti - Actress and singer             3rd place
 Ilyana Raeva - Ex-gymnast          4th place
 Anya Pencheva - Actress
 Niki Kunchev - TV host
 Alisia - Pop-folk singer
 Galena - Pop-folk singer
 Bojidar Iskrenov - Former football player
 Kalki - Singer
 Andrey Batashov - Actor
 Georgi Mamalev - Actor
 Georgi Kostadinov - Winner of Survivor BG 2
 Elena Yoncheva - Journalist

Season 2

Judges

 Ilyana Raeva
 Pambous Agapiu
 Vera Marinova
 Maria Gigova

Contestants

 Bianka Panova - World Gymnastics Champion           Winner
 Krasi Ryadkov - Actor    Runner up
 Georgi Milchev-Godji - Musician             3rd place
 Etien Levi - Music teacher
 Madlen Algafari - Psychologist
 Aksiniya - Singer & Reality TV Star
 Stanislava Gancheva - TV Host
 Grafa - Singer
 Veneta Harizanova - Fashion model
 Todor Kirkov - Sport Journalist & TV Anchor
 Krum Savov - Sport Journalist & TV Host
 Kristina Dimitrova - Singer
 Miodrag Ivanov - Showman

Season 3

Judges

 Alfredo Tores
 Kalin Sarmenov
 Galena Velikova
 Ilyana Raeva

Contestants

 Angel Kovachev - Hip-hop Singer           Winner
 Stela Angelova - Stunt man & Former competitor in rhythmic gymnastics    Runner up
 Elena Koleva - Actress             3rd place
 Deo - Singer & TV Host
 Petko Dimitrov - Businessman
 Gloria - Pop-folk Singer
 Rumen Lukanov -  TV Host
 Lyusi Ilarionov - Director & Singer
 Latinka Petrova - Actress
 Ico Hazarta - Rap Singer
 Andrea - Pop-folk Singer
 Detelin Dalakliev - Boxer
 Kapka Georgieva - Politician
 Natalya Kobilkina - Sexologist
 Zeyneb Madjurova - Co-host

Season 4

Judges

 Alfredo Tores
 Hristo Mutavchiev
 Galena Velikova
 Ilyana Raeva

Contestants
 Albena Denkova - competitor in figure skating           Winner
 Mihaela Fileva - Pop singer    Runner up
 Darin Angelov - Actor             3rd place
 Neli Atanasova - TV Host & former rhythmic gymnastics
 Anton Kasabov - Actor & martial arts
 Elena Georgieva - Decorator & participant in Big Brother 2
 Nana Gladuish - TV Host
 Aleksandra Zhekova - Snowboarder
 Venzy - Rap singer
 Albena Mihova - Actress
 Uti Bachvarov - TV Host
 Mihaela (Mika) Stoichkova - Sport journalist & fashion designer. Daughter of Hristo Stoichkov.
 Marian Kyurpanov - Model & actor
 Milko Kalaydjiev - Pop-folk singer
 Encho Danailov - Actor & TV Host

See also
 Dancing with the Stars

References

External links
 Official Site

Bulgaria
Bulgarian reality television series
Bulgarian music television series
2008 Bulgarian television series debuts
2008 Bulgarian television series endings
2013 Bulgarian television series endings
2014 Bulgarian television series endings
Bulgarian television series based on British television series
Bulgarian-language television shows
BTV (Bulgaria) original programming


Bean or Beans is a given name, English surname and nickname.

People with surname Bean

Actors
 Sean Bean (born 1959), English actor
 Orson Bean (1928–2020), American actor
 Shoshana Bean (born 1977), American stage actress, singer and songwriter

Athletes
 Andy Bean (born 1953), American golfer
 Billy Bean (born 1964), American baseball player
 Colter Bean (born 1977), American baseball player
 George Bean (cricketer) (1864–1923), English cricketer
 Jake Bean (born 1998), Canadian hockey player
 Justin Bean (born 1996), American basketball player
 Joe Bean (1874–1961), American baseball player
 Marcus Bean (born 1984), English footballer
 Scott Bean (born 1976), Zimbabwean cricketer

Politicians
 James Bean (1933–2013), American politician
 John Bean (politician) (1927–2021), British far-right-wing figure
 Joshua Bean (c.1818–1852), American politician
 Melissa Bean (born 1962), American politician
 Samuel C. Bean (c.1819–1870), Wisconsin politician

Scientists
 Alan Bean (1932–2018), NASA astronaut from the Apollo era
 Barton Appler Bean (1860–1947), American ichthyologist, brother of Tarleton Hoffman Bean
 Charles Bean (1879–1968), Australian historian
 Charlie Bean (born 1953), British economist
 Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916), American ichthyologist, brother of Barton Appler Bean
 William Bennett Bean (1909–1989), American medical historian and teacher
 William Jackson Bean (1863–1947), botanist

Other people
 Anne Bean (born 1950), British installation and performance artist
 Bennett Bean (born 1941), American ceramics artist
 George "G. T." Bean, of Bean Brothers, Australian businessman
 Gerlin Bean (born 1940), Jamaican community worker
 Hugh Bean (1929–2003), English violinist
 Joel Bean (1825–1914), American Quaker
 John Bean (cinematographer) (1963–2011), Australian cinematographer
 John William Bean (1824–1882), British criminal who attempted to assassinate Queen Victoria
 Laura Schiff Bean, American artist
 Louis H. Bean (1896–1994), American economic and political analyst
 Maurice Darrow Bean (1928–2009), American diplomat
 Mollie Bean, soldier for the Confederate Army
 Roy Bean  (c. 1825–1903), Wild West figure
 Sawney Bean, notorious clan leader of 16th-century Scotland
 Terry "Harmonica" Bean (born 1961), American blues harmonicist, guitarist and songwriter.
 William ("W. H.") Bean, of Bean Brothers, Australian businessman

People nicknamed Bean or Beans
 Coleman Hawkins (1904–1969), American jazz saxophonist, known as "Bean"
 Beans Reardon (1897–1984), American baseball umpire
 Gene "Bean" Baxter, radio host of the Kevin and Bean show

Fictional characters
 Mr. Bean (character), a bumbling character played by Rowan Atkinson in the British comedy television programme Mr. Bean and two films
 Bean (film), a feature film based on the above program
 Bean (Enderverse), a character in the Ender's Game series of books
 Bean the Dynamite, from Sonic the Hedgehog
 Hannibal Roy Bean, from Xiaolin Showdown
 Bean played by Alan Arkin in the 1974 film, Freebie and The Bean
 Beans (Looney Tunes), a black and white Looney Tunes character
 the title character of Baron Bean, a syndicated newspaper comic strip
 Benjamin "Beans" Baxter, in the American television series The New Adventures of Beans Baxter
 Bernard "Beans" Aranguren, a recurring character in the American television series Even Stevens
 Bean Bradley, in the video game MySims
 Bean, the main character in the animated series Disenchantment
 Jack "Killer" Bean, the protagonist of Killer Bean Forever, voiced by Vegas J. Jenkins (2009 movie) and Jeff Lew (2020 series)
 Bean, in the children's book series Ivy and Bean
 Clarice Bean, in the Clarice Bean series of children's books
 Franklin Bean, main antagonist of Fantastic Mr. Fox
 Beans, in the horror video game Baldi's Basics

See also
 Justice Bean (disambiguation)
 Beane (surname)

English-language surnames


Kamil Kuzma (born 8 March 1988) is a Slovak footballer who plays for MŠK Tesla Stropkov as a midfielder.

Club career
He was signed by Spartak Trnava in July 2013 and made his debut for them against Trenčín on 21 July 2013.

Honours
Košice

 Slovak Cup: 2009

References

External links
 MFK Košice profile

1988 births
Living people
People from Stropkov
Footballers from the Prešov Region
Men's association football midfielders
Slovak men's footballers
FC VSS Košice players
ŠK Senec players
FC Spartak Trnava players
FK Železiarne Podbrezová players
Slovak First Football League players


The Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album is an honor presented annually by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and promotes a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally.

According to the category description guide for the 2012 Latin Grammy Awards, the award is for vocal or instrumental salsa albums containing at least 51 percent of newly recorded material. It is awarded to solo artists, duos or groups.

The accolade for Best Salsa Album was first presented to Cuban singer Celia Cruz at the 1st Latin Grammy Awards ceremony in 2000 for her album Celia Cruz and Friends: A Night of Salsa (1999). She also holds the record for the most wins in the category, with three. Gilberto Santa Rosa holds the record for most nominations, with nine. Puerto Rican artists have received this award more than any other nationality.

Winners and nominees

Notes
 Each year is linked to the article about the Latin Grammy Awards held that year.
 The name of the performer and the nominated album

See also
Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album
Grammy Award for Best Salsa/Merengue Album

References
General

Specific

External links
Official site of the Latin Grammy Awards

Awards established in 2000
Salsa Album


Christopher L. Garrett (born December 26, 1973) is a justice of the Oregon Supreme Court since January 1, 2019. Previously, he served on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 2013 to 2019, and was a member of the Oregon House of Representatives from 2008 to 2012.

Early life and career
Garrett was born in Portland and graduated from Wilson High School. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Reed College in 1996 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Chicago Law School in 2000. He was formerly of counsel with Perkins Coie in Portland. He also teaches courses in legislation and regulation at Willamette College of Law.

Political career
Garrett served as a Senior Policy Advisor to Oregon State Senate President Peter Courtney and also worked in the office of Oregon State Senator Richard Devlin. In 2008, Garrett was the Democratic nominee in House District 38 for the open seat left by Greg Macpherson, who was not seeking re-election. In the general election, Garrett defeated Steve Griffith 62% to 38%. He was re-elected in 2010 and again in 2012.

Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber appointed Garrett to the Oregon Court of Appeals in December 2013, to succeed retiring judge David Schuman. Governor Kate Brown appointed him to the Oregon Supreme Court in December 2018; he succeeded retiring Justice Rives Kistler.

Personal
Garrett lives in Portland.

See also
 75th Oregon Legislative Assembly

References

External links

 Project VoteSmart biography
 Campaign website
 Perkins Coie LLC profile
 Chris Garrett on Facebook

|-

1973 births
Living people
21st-century American judges
21st-century American politicians
Ida B. Wells-Barnett High School alumni
Justices of the Oregon Supreme Court
Lawyers from Portland, Oregon
Members of the Oregon House of Representatives
Oregon Court of Appeals judges
People associated with Perkins Coie
Politicians from Lake Oswego, Oregon
Reed College alumni
University of Chicago Law School alumni


A Grandpa for Christmas is a 2007 American made-for-television comedy-drama film starring Ernest Borgnine and Juliette Goglia. It premiered on Hallmark Channel on November 24, 2007.

Plot
Bert (Ernest Borgnine) is a retired Hollywood actor who has been estranged from his only daughter Marie (Tracy Nelson) for many years.  When she ends up in the hospital following a car accident, Social Services places her 10-year-old daughter, Becca (Juliette Goglia), with the grandfather she has never met.  The generation gap is apparent as Bert and Becca try to adjust to their new lives together.

In taking in the granddaughter, he never knew about, he is faced with the resentment toward him due to these stories told by the grandmother.  Bert is faced with the dilemma of whether to tell his granddaughter, and later his daughter, the truth, which if they believe him, may ruin their memory of the late grandmother, or stay quiet. The dilemma is resolved when one of Bert’s friends tells the mother the truth.

Cast
Ernest Borgnine as Bert O'Riley
Juliette Goglia as Becca O'Riley
Tracy Nelson as Marie O'Riley
Katherine Helmond as Roxie
Richard Libertini as Karl
Quinn Redeker as Jack Fast
Jamie Farr as Adam

Reception
In prime time, the movie led the network to rank #1 in the time period, #1 for the weekend, and #4 for the week. It also became the third-highest-ever-rated original movie premiere on Hallmark Channel to the premiere date.

Awards
The Dove Foundation gave A Grandpa for Christmas the Dove Family Approved Seal on November 6, 2007.
Ernest Borgnine received a Golden Globe nomination for his performance.

Production notes
David N. Lawrence wrote A Christmas Song, the song that Becca sings at the recital.

See also
 List of Christmas films

External links

 A Grandpa for Christmas on Hallmark Channel
 A Grandpa for Christmas on Hallmark Channel's Press Site

References

2007 television films
2007 films
Christmas television films
2000s English-language films
Hallmark Channel original films
Films set in hospitals
American Christmas films
Films directed by Harvey Frost
English-language Christmas films


The Metric Hosiery Company was a New York City clothing manufacturing firm.

Business history
Metric Hosiery leased property at 442-448 Fourth Avenue in January 1930 and incorporated in November 1932. The owners' names were Weiss & Cahn and the business was located at 220 West 42nd Street (Manhattan). The corporation's initial market capitalization was $20,000. The manufacturer was represented in advertising by the Theodore J. Funt Company, in November 1945.

At one point Metric Hosiery was a client of Raymond Loewy, "the father of industrial design".

Metric lost out to a rival business when E. J. Korvette stores transferred their buying of hosiery to Maro Industries. Gabriel I. Levy, a Yonkers lawyer, filed a $4.6 million damage suit in 1966 in United States District Court for the southern District of New York, in hopes of breaking up a one-year-old merger between Maro's Spartans Industries and E.J. Korvette.

References

Defunct companies based in New York City
Clothing companies established in 1932
1932 establishments in New York City


Polycera chilluna is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae.

Distribution
Polycera chilluna was described from a single specimen collected in North Carolina. It has been reported from that area and a little further south. It is possibly a senior synonym of Polycera aurantiomarginata from Spain and west Africa.

References

External links
 https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=2393

Polyceridae
Gastropods described in 1961
Taxa named by Ernst Marcus (zoologist)


National People's Movement can refer to:

 National People's Movement (Morocco)
 National People's Movement (Poland)
National People's Movement (Sri Lanka)

See also

 People's National Movement


Dhok Mughal Pathaan is a  village in the Jhelum District of Punjab, Pakistan.

The history of this village dates back to around 300 years ago, when two brothers from Afghanistan migrated to Punjab.  The name of the village reflects the background of the 2 brothers, who were of Pathaan origin and settled in an area of Mughal majority. According to village elders, the village is in its 7th generation.

Occupation of locals

The majority of the people from this village are either abroad (UK, U.A.E., Saudi Arabia, Australia, America, New Zealand), are serving in the Pakistani army or are involved in farming.

http://wikimapia.org/#lat=33.0769423&lon=73.2317281&z=19&l=0&m=b

Populated places in Jhelum District


Përparim is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Peqin. The population at the 2011 census was 3,423. The municipal unit consists of the villages Galush, Lisnaj, Bicaj, Çaushaj, Përparim, Fatishe, Garunje e Madhë, Arven, Gjevur, Kodras, Lolaj, Katesh, Cobane and Urucaj.

References

Former municipalities in Elbasan County
Administrative units of Peqin
Villages in Elbasan County


The Minnesota History Center is a museum and library that serves as the headquarters of the Minnesota Historical Society. It is near downtown Saint Paul, Minnesota.

The Minnesota History Center is on Kellogg Boulevard, between the Mississippi River and the Minnesota State Capitol. Before this building was built in 1992, the Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS) occupied what is now the Minnesota Judicial Center, originally built for the Society in 1917. Before that, MNHS was housed in the basement of the State Capitol.

The center hosts concerts, dance performances, lectures, conferences, meetings, dinners, political campaign events, memorial services, receptions, parties, and weddings; as many as 75,000 schoolchildren visit the History Center every year.

Architecture

The Minneapolis architectural firm of Hammel Green and Abrahamson (HGA) designed the History Center's floor plan and exterior. HGA looked to Fort Snelling, the St. Paul's Cathedral and the Minnesota State Capitol for inspiration. One member of the History Center Planning Committee said, "We have envisioned a place that draws the public in, fires the imagination, and responds to its hunger for an understanding of the past. We have envisioned a building alive with people from morning until far into the evening...a vital cultural and educational center."

After ten years of planning and nearly three years of construction, The History Center opened in October 1992. The building features a central dome with two bordering wings, creating an L-shaped design. The north facade faces the Capitol, and the southeast facade overlooks a large lawn and terrace area. Bronze doors admit visitors into the center's main entrance, on the west wall.

The construction budget for the History Center included funds from a Percent for Art program that included three integrated artworks: Charm Bracelet lies on the floor of the first-story rotunda. This project, sculpted by James Casebere, depicts a broken piece of jewelry in which each of ten "charms" represents an important aspect of Minnesota: a tractor (agriculture); a printer's ink roller (civic society and free speech); a tepee (the Dakota tribe); a mill building (lumbering and flour-milling); a house (family); a power plant (technology and industry); a turtle, bear and fish (nature, outdoor recreation, and Ojibwe totems of healing, defense and learning); and a whooping crane (lost wilderness and a metaphor for history). The entrance of the History Center includes glass etchings by Brit Bunkley above the John Ireland and Kellogg Boulevard entrances and the courtyard doors. He created a "system of icons" of sandblasted panels with multidimensional iconic imagery deeply etched onto the thick glass surfaces. Andrew Leicester created Minnesota Profiles, terra cotta columns "marking the edge of where Summit Avenue once crossed what is today’s History Center courtyard". Each column represents a native tree that also include sculpted profiles of 140 volunteers.

The Minnesota History Center is one of the 26 Minnesota Historical Society sites and is home to the Minnesota Historical Society headquarters, the Society's collections, an expansive library, and  of museum gallery space. The museum showcases interactive in-house-developed and traveling exhibits, as well as historical programming and lectures. The center also contains conference rooms, the 3M Auditorium, Café Minnesota, two museum gift shops and  of classroom space.

More than half of the  building is underground, much of which is used for storage. The Minnesota History Center possesses over 1 million artifacts, including archaeological objects, books, photographs, maps, paintings, prints, drawings, manuscripts, government records, newspapers and periodicals. Such artifacts are stored in the  of storage space available in the center. In this storage space, the shelves reach heights over 25 feet. The center also has a conservation laboratory, where conservators repair, stabilize, and maintain the Society's thousands of valuable objects.

Gale Family Library
The Gale Family Library on the second floor of the History Center offers resources for MNHS members and guests. Two rooms, the Weyerhaeuser Reference Room and the Ronald M. Hubbs Microfilm Reading Room, make up the library area. The library often hosts classes on historical and genealogical research.

References
Citations

Works cited

External links

 "Hubert Humphrey, Presidential Contender" from C-SPAN's The Contenders, broadcast from the Minnesota History Center

History centers
History museums in Minnesota
Minnesota Historical Society
Museums established in 1993
Museums in Saint Paul, Minnesota


Hankus Netsky (b. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 1955) is an American multi-instrumentalist, composer, and ethnomusicologist. He chairs the Contemporary Improvisation Department at the New England Conservatory. Netsky is founder and director of the Klezmer Conservatory Band, an internationally renowned Yiddish music ensemble, and serves as research director of the Klezmer Conservatory Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and perpetuation of traditional Eastern European Jewish music. He plays the piano, accordion, and saxophone.

Education
Netsky holds a Ph.D. in Ethnomusicology from Wesleyan University and bachelor's and master's degrees in composition from New England Conservatory.

Career
He has taught Yiddish Music at Hebrew College, the New England Conservatory, and Wesleyan University, and has lectured extensively on the subject in the US, Canada, and Europe. He has also designed numerous Yiddish culture exhibits for the Yiddish Book Center, where he served as Vice President for Education. His essays on klezmer music have been published by the University of California Press, the University of Pennsylvania Press, the University of Scranton Press, the University Press of America, and Hips Road.

He is currently an instructor in jazz and contemporary improvisation at the New England Conservatory in Boston. He is musical director for Eternal Echoes, violinist Itzhak Perlman's Sony recording and international touring project featuring cantor Yitzkhak Meir Helfgot, and In The Fiddler's House, a klezmer music video, recording, and touring project. He served as musical director and arranger for Joel Grey's Borshtcapades ’94, and was artistic director for A Taste of Passover and A Taste of Chanukah, PBS and PRI concert productions that featured Theodore Bikel, recorded live at New England Conservatory and broadcast nationally. He was a consultant, arranger, and featured performer on To Life! America Celebrates Israel's 50th, broadcast internationally by CBS. In December 2002, he conducted the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra in a special holiday program also featuring the Klezmer Conservatory Band. He has produced numerous recordings, including ten by the Klezmer Conservatory Band.

Honors and awards
He has been the recipient of the New England Conservatory's outstanding alumni award and the Yosl Mlotek Award for the perpetuation of Yiddish culture, and was honored twice by New England Conservatory for excellence in teaching with the Louis Krasner and Lawrence Lesser awards.

Compositions
His film scores include, Theo Bikel: In the Shoes of Sholom Aleichem (2013), The Fool and the Flying Ship(1991), a Rabbit Ears children's video narrated by Robin Williams, The Forward: From Immigrants to Americans (1989), and The Double Burden: Three Generations of Working Women (1992). He adapted and composed the scores to the musicals Shlemiel the First (1994) (for the American Repertory Theatre) and King of the Schnorrers (2013), and composed the incidental music for the NPR radio series, Jewish Stories From Eastern Europe and Beyond.

His other significant compositions include The Trees Of The Dancing Goats, for Rabbit Ears Radio (PRI), and Chagall's Mandolins, commissioned by the Niew Sinfonietta of Amsterdam.

References

External links
Klezmer Conservatory Band Biographies
An essay about Polish Jewish musicians by Netsky

 Short Biography and Interviews With Hankus Netsky
 Klezmer: Music and Community in Twentieth-Century Jewish Philadelphia; Temple University Press, 2017.

1955 births
Living people
Wesleyan University alumni
Klezmer musicians
Jewish American musicians
New England Conservatory faculty
American ethnomusicologists
American accordionists
American male pianists
20th-century American pianists
21st-century American pianists
American male saxophonists
20th-century American saxophonists
21st-century American saxophonists


Edward T. "Ed" Scott (born August 6, 1965) is an American politician. From 2004 to 2016 he served in the Virginia House of Delegates, representing the 30th district in the Virginia Piedmont, including Madison and Orange Counties, plus part of Culpeper County. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Electoral history

Notes

External links
 (campaign finance)

1965 births
Living people
Republican Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Virginia Tech alumni
People from Culpeper, Virginia
21st-century American politicians


Marie-Christine Blandin (born 22 September 1952, Roubaix) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Nord department.  She is a member of Europe Écologie–The Greens.

References
Page on the Senate website

1952 births
Living people
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Women members of the Senate (France)
21st-century French women politicians
Senators of Nord (French department)


Raymond Pitcairn (1885 – July 12, 1966), son of PPG Industries founder John Pitcairn, was a lawyer, a businessman, a collector of ancient and medieval art, and an amateur architect. He supervised the building of the Bryn Athyn Cathedral, his own castle-mansion of Glencairn, and the "Zeus of the Catskills" Glen Tonche.

Pitcairn was also quite politically active. A Republican, he served as one of the delegates to Pennsylvania's convention to ratify the Twenty-first Amendment in 1933, and was one of Pennsylvania's delegates to the 1956 Republican National Convention.
 He was also the national chairman and a major financial supporter of the Sentinels of the Republic, which opposed the expansion of federal regulation and the New Deal.

Pitcairn died on July 12, 1966, and was buried at Bryn Athyn Cemetery, in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania.

References

1885 births
1966 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
American Swedenborgians
People from Pennsylvania
Pitcairn family
Pennsylvania Republicans


Maryvonne Blondin (born 20 January 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Finistère department.  She is a member of the Socialist Party.

Blondin became Deputy mayor of Ergué-Gabéric in 1989. In 2001, she was elected General councillor of Finistère (Brittany) and will become as a consequence one of the vice-presidents of the Counsel General. She was elected Senator on 22 September 2008.

In addition to her work in the Senate, Blondin has been serving as member of the French delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2008. In this capacity, she is part of the Socialist Group. She has in the past served as vice-chairwoman of the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination and as member of the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Council of Europe Member States (Monitoring Committee); the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development; the Sub-Committee on Children; and the Sub-Committee on Gender Equality. In her capacity as member of the Monitoring Committee, she has been the Assembly's rapporteur (alongside Egidijus Vareikis) for Moldova since 2019. She also serves as rapporteur on obstetrical and gynaecological violence.

References

 "Biographies des 65 nouveaux élus au palais du Luxembourg", Le Monde, 23 September 2008.

External links
Page on the Senate website

1947 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Women members of the Senate (France)
Senators of Finistère
20th-century French women politicians
21st-century French women politicians
Politicians from Quimper


Pajovë is a village and a former municipality in the District, Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Peqin. The population at the 2011 census was 6,626. The municipal unit consists of the villages Pajovë, Gryksh i Madh, Bishqem, Paulesh, Bishqem Fushë, Leqit, Lazaren, Haspiraj, Hasnjok, Cengelaj, Garunje e Papërit and Cacabeze.

References

Former municipalities in Elbasan County
Administrative units of Peqin
Villages in Elbasan County


Protracted social conflict is a technical term that generally refers to conflicts described by other researchers as protracted or intractable: complex, severe, commonly enduring, and often violent. The term was presented in a theory developed by Edward Azar.

Protracted social conflict as Edward Azar termed it, denotes hostile interactions between communal groups that are based in deep-seated racial, ethnic, religious and cultural hatreds, and that persist over long periods of time with sporadic outbreaks of violence; when a group's identity is threatened or frustrated, intractable conflict is almost inevitable.

Definition of protracted social conflict
Protracted social conflicts is a theory developed by Edward Azar. The term refers to conflict situations characterized by the prolonged and often violent struggle by communal groups for such basic needs as security, recognition, acceptance, fair access to political institutions, and economic participation.

The communal groups may experience deep-seated cleavages based upon racial, religious, cultural or ethnic lines. These cleavages are characterized by continuing hostility with sporadic outbreaks of violence; and caused by the frustration of human needs for security, recognition, and distributive justice. Cross-cuttiness is also very common along cleavage structures where divisions within society overlap and “cross-cut" on another group that may have similarities in ethnicity, religion, or social background. Greater association with ethnicity and religious affiliation leads to solidified loyalty groups, motivating harmony on social issues and reducing the chances of civil war onset which hinders protracted social conflict.

Such identity-driven rifts are the result of an underlying fear of extinction that often grows within vulnerable ethnic groups who live with the memories or fear of persecution and massacre. Ethnic divisions and perceived threats often result in the domination of the state machinery by a single group or coalition of elites who deny access to basic human needs for the majority of the population.

Preconditions to violent conflict
Azar argued that the denial of basic human needs to a large portion of the population initiated instances of protracted social violence. Four preconditions are isolated by Azar as the predominant sources of protracted social conflict: communal content, deprivation of human needs, governance and the State's role, and international linkages.

Communal content
This element, which contributes to the initial creation of protracted social conflict, consists of the fact that people involved in protracted social conflicts create their own identity groups. Azar notes, "that it is the relationship between identity groups and the states, which is at the core of the problem." He also cited the "disarticulation between the state and society as a whole" as a source of violence within a society.

This precondition also involves the reliance that many people have on their social groups; because governments in areas that experience protracted social conflict are often unable, incapable or unwilling to provide basic human necessities to the population, individuals turn to their social groups for stability. The resultant disconnection of society and the state can be linked to the colonial legacy, which, "artificially imposed European ideas of territorial statehood onto a multitude of communal groups."

This results in the domination of certain identity groups over others. The dominant group isolates itself from the needs of other groups, leading to an even bigger separation between groups even within an ethnicity. To overcome this division of society, national identity must be stressed over individual group identity.

Deprivation of human needs
To alleviate the "underdevelopments" Azar holds responsible for protracted social violence, and in turn overcome the conflict resulting from underdevelopment, Azar points to the needs of security, development, political access and identity in terms of cultural and religious expression. Azar refers to these needs as non-negotiable; therefore, if these needs are not met, people will inevitably want a structural change to take place. Such a need for structural change is likely to result in a violent conflict.

This in turn emphasizes Azar's theory that the "deprivation of human needs is the underlying source of protracted social conflict" where conflict is emphasized by the collective grievances of a group of people. To overcome this deprivation of human needs to entire groups of people, the government must offer security on a multiplicity of levels to all of the constituent population.

Governance and the State's role
With government being "endowed with the authority to govern and use force where necessary to regulate society, to protect citizens, and to provide collective goods," the government plays a leading role in the satisfaction or lack of satisfaction of minority and identity groups.

Azar states that protracted social conflicts can be characterized by "incompetent, parochial, fragile, and authoritarian governments that fail to satisfy basic human needs." It is said that governments, expected to be unbiased and impartial, tend to be dominated by the leading identity groups or those groups that have been able to monopolize power within a country or territorial entity. This creates a "crisis of legitimacy" in the governance of these countries. The structure of the government needs to be changed so that all citizens are equally cared for and equally represented without bias or corruption.

International linkages
This involves the "political-economic relations of economic dependency within the international economic system, and the network of political-military linkages constituting regional and global patterns of clientage and cross-border interest."

Weaker states, like those often involved in protracted social conflict, tend to be more influenced by outside connections both economically and politically. For example, many states are dependent on an external supply of armament. To overcome the dominance of the international economy, the country in question must work to build institutions that can ease global dependency and stimulate domestic economic growth.

Resolving protracted social conflict
As Edward Azar stated:

Conflict resolution approaches that focus on resources, or the interests of parties, may be appropriate means of conflict resolution in conflicts where the only issues are those of resource and interests; however, in protracted social conflicts the main issue is identity-based. Therefore, to be effective, a conflict resolution framework must specifically emphasize the needs and identities of the conflicting parties.

ARIA model
Rothman developed a unique approach of conflict resolution that is specifically designed to mitigate protracted social conflict. He terms this approach the ARIA model. In contrast to the model of interactive conflict resolution (ICR) that Fisher proposed in 1996, which includes identity as one of many human needs, the ARIA model "keeps its focus more narrowly attuned to identity issues in particular." Rothman and Olson suggest that conflict can only be truly resolved when identity issues have been sufficiently addressed.

The ARIA model is a comprehensive, yet specific approach to resolving protracted social conflict. It attempts to break down "the barrier of identity through a four-phased process." The various stages of the ARIA model are outlined below:

Antagonism (adversarial framing)
This first step focuses on the tangible "what of the conflict." It is defined in "us" versus "them" terms and calls on the various entities to elaborate and make clear their underlying values and needs. By bringing animosities to the forefront, it is hoped that the mutual benefits of ending the conflict can be realized.

Resonance (reflexive–reframing)
After parties have articulated their animosities, the next stage is termed the reflexive–reframing stage where the "why" and "who" of the issue is examined. The identity needs of all sides are brought to the forefront with the goal of getting "the disputants to move from positional bargaining to interest-based approaches." Rothman and Olson suggest that the parties should now engage in a "deep dialogue" to give a voice and structure to the underlying needs of the various parties. The needs of the various parties are, in turn, the underlying causes of the conflict. The effect of this stage is termed resonance, as each side has articulated their core concerns and heard the concerns of the other actors. At this point, actors begin to see where their identities converge, and where they diverge.

Invention
The third stage is termed "inventing" and focuses on the "how" of "cooperatively resolving the conflict and its core through integrative solutions." This stage suggests a mutual attempt by all actors involved to create a mean of ending the conflict. It is suggested by Rothman and Olson that since both parties have now come to recognize the other's identity through the two previous stages, "they can concretely explore collaboratively how the tangible issues ... of the conflict can be resolved without threatening the identity of the other." The invention of possible means of solutions leads directly to the fourth stage.

Action
The fourth and final stage of the ARIA model addresses the "why" and "who" of the conflict, as well as the "how" of cooperation through the tangible "what" of solutions. Here, the conflict resolution process based on identity is completed by the concrete outlining of future actions. This stage leads to the tangible resolution of the conflict.

Protracted social conflict in Sri Lanka

The Sri Lankan conflict exists primarily between the two majority ethnic groups, the Sinhalese, who are mostly Buddhist and represent around 74% of the population, and the Tamil, who are mostly Hindu, representing around 18%. The majority of Tamils live in northern and eastern provinces and claim them as their traditional homeland.

Since its independence in 1948 there has been a conflict between Sinhalese, which gained control over the Sri Lankan government, and different Tamil separatist movements. Among the Sinhalese, the anti-Tamil chauvinism started to spread and the Tamils were more and more disadvantaged and excluded. The incidents escalated into a war in July 1983, after the island-wide pogrom against Tamils.

Tamil secessionists saw the establishment of their own separate state as the only way for securing their people. The war, that has continued since then, has almost completely disrupted civil administration in the northern province and caused economic devastation of the whole country. As a consequence of this ethno-political violence around 65,000 people have been killed, hundreds of thousands injured, and millions displaced.

Among various Tamil separatist groups that have emerged, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) have risen as the dominant fighting force in Sri Lanka. Their tactics, proscribed as terrorist by many countries, are ruthless, brutal and highly efficient in eliminating their opposition. They run a parallel government in many areas of the north and east of Sri Lanka.

Since the start of war there were some attempts to reach a ceasefire. In 2002 the Ceasefire agreement was signed, and the government agreed to disarm all paramilitary groups in the north and east. But hostilities continued and even intensified.

Government security forces conquered the LTTE on May 19, 2009, ending the conflict.

Protracted social conflict in Cyprus

Before the independence of Cyprus, the island's Greek and Turkish communities coexisted relatively peacefully. The major conflict began with the independence in 1960, when Greek community wanted a union (enosis) with Greece, to which the Turkish community opposed. The 1960 constitution brought a complex system of power-sharing, but both groups wanted to gain more advantages.

When Greek Cypriots wanted to reduce autonomy and representation of Turkish Cypriots, the latter opposed it and intercommunal violence broke out. That led the two communities to embark on a hostile and protracted process of separation and segregation.

With the military coup in 1974 the situation erupted into a major crisis. Turkish military intervention followed and Turkish forces occupied around 38% of the northern part of the island. This invasion caused an exodus of about 160,000 Greek Cypriots to the south. Later voluntary regrouping of population resulted in another 10,000 Greek Cypriots leaving the northern part, and 40,000 Turkish Cypriots moving to the north, which created two homogeneous ethnic zones on the island.

In 1975 the northern part declared Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, which declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey. In 1990s the southern Republic of Cyprus applied for a membership in the European Union, and the Turkish Cypriots on the other side turned to Turkey.

Although the Cyprus conflict now lasts for a long time, its resolution does not seem to be close. Numerous peace proposals and plans have been made, but more or less unsuccessful. The pre-1974 proposals of different federal or centralist arrangements failed as one or the other side rejected them. The division in 1974 changed the demographics of Cyprus dramatically, putting it in a position where federalist model would be the most appropriate. But again, because of opposing interests all the proposals failed.

See also
 Balkanization
 Criticism of multiculturalism
 Homophily
 Sectarian violence
 Social polarization

References

Conflict (process)
Dispute resolution
Sectarian violence


Frank Morgan is an American mathematician and the Webster Atwell '21 Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus, at Williams College. He is known for contributions to geometric measure theory, minimal surfaces, and differential geometry, including the resolution of the double bubble conjecture. He was vice-president of the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Association of America.

Morgan studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and  Princeton University, and received his Ph.D. from Princeton in 1977, under the supervision of Frederick J. Almgren Jr. He taught at MIT for ten years before joining the Williams faculty.

Morgan is the founder of SMALL, one of the largest and best known summer undergraduate Mathematics research programs. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Frank Morgan is also an avid dancer. He gained eternal fame for his work "Dancing the Parkway".

Mathematical work

He is known for proving, in collaboration with Michael Hutchings, Manuel Ritoré, and Antonio Ros, the Double Bubble conjecture, which states that the minimum-surface-area enclosure of two given volumes is formed by three spherical patches meeting at 120-degree angles at a common circle.

He has also made contributions to the study of manifolds with density, which are Riemannian manifolds together with a measure of volume which is deformed from the standard Riemannian volume form. Such deformed volume measures suggest modifications of the Ricci curvature of the Riemannian manifold, as introduced by Dominique Bakry and Michel Émery. Morgan showed how to modify the classical Heintze-Karcher inequality, which controls the volume of certain cylindrical regions in the space by the Ricci curvature in the region and the mean curvature of the region's cross-section, to hold in the setting of manifolds with density. As a corollary, he was also able to put the Levy-Gromov isoperimetric inequality into this setting. Much of his current work deals with various aspects of isoperimetric inequalities and manifolds with density.

Publications

Textbooks
Calculus Lite. Third edition. A K Peters/CRC Press, Natick, MA, 2001.
Geometric measure theory. A beginner's guide. Fifth edition. Illustrated by James F. Bredt. Elsevier/Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2016. viii+263 pp.
The math chat book. MAA Spectrum. Mathematical Association of America, Washington, DC, 2000. xiv+113 pp.
Real analysis. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2005. viii+151 pp.
Real analysis and applications. Including Fourier series and the calculus of variations. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2005. x+197 pp.
Riemannian geometry. A beginner's guide. Second edition. A K Peters, Ltd., Wellesley, MA, 1998. x+156 pp.

Notable articles
 Michael Hutchings, Frank Morgan, Manuel Ritoré, and Antonio Ros. Proof of the double bubble conjecture. Ann. of Math. (2) 155 (2002), no. 2, 459–489. doi:10.2307/3062123
 Frank Morgan. Manifolds with density. Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 52 (2005), no. 8, 853–858.

Notes

External links

 Williams College home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Princeton University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Williams College faculty
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
American textbook writers
Geometers
Measure theorists


Yannick Bodin (8 August 1942 – 8 October 2023) was a French politician who was a member of the Senate, representing the Seine-et-Marne department. He was a member of the Socialist Party.

Bodin died on 8 October 2023, at the age of 81.

References

External links
Page on the Senate website

1942 births
2023 deaths
People from Dinan
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Seine-et-Marne


Nicole Bonnefoy (born 11 August 1958) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Charente department. She is a member of the Socialist Party.

Biography
A parliamentary assistant for Jérôme Lambert, Bonnefoy was elected Senator for Charente on 21 September 2008. She was re-elected on 28 September 2014 and 27 September 2020.

During the 2015 Charente Departmental Election, Bonnefoy was elected in the Canton of Boixe-et-Manslois with Patrick Berthault. Their alternates are Bernard Lacoeuille and Christine Soury.

During the 2017 presidential election, she sponsored En Marche! candidate Emmanuel Macron.

Summary of mandates

 Senator for Charente (2008—incumbent)
 Departmental Councillor of Charente (2008—incumbent)
 Regional Councillor of Poitou-Charentes (1998—2008)
 Vice-President of the Regional Council of Poitou-Charentes (2004—2008)

See also

 List of senators of Charente

References

1958 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Women members of the Senate (France)
Senators of Charente


Shezë is a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Peqin. The population at the 2011 census was 3,177. The municipal unit consists of the villages Shezë e Vogël, Shezë e Madhë, Pekisht, Trash, Algjinaj, Gryksh i Vogël and Karthnek.

References

Former municipalities in Elbasan County
Administrative units of Peqin
Villages in Elbasan County


Pierre Bordier (born 21 June 1945) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Yonne department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

References
Page on the Senate website

1945 births
Living people
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Yonne
Place of birth missing (living people)


Enanthem or enanthema is a rash (small spots) on the mucous membranes. It is characteristic of patients with viral infections causing hand foot and mouth disease, measles, and sometimes chicken pox, or COVID-19. In addition, bacterial infections such as Scarlet fever may also be a cause of enanthema. The aforementioned diseases usually present with exanthema and enanthema.

Enanthema can also indicate hypersensitivity.

See also
 Koplik's spots
 Strawberry tongue
 Forchheimer spots

References

External links

Symptoms and signs: Skin and subcutaneous tissue


Vikas Kashalkar (born 16 July 1950) is an Indian classical vocalist, with training in the Gwalior, Jaipur and Agra gharanas.

References

20th-century Indian male classical singers
Living people
1950 births
Hindustani singers
Singers from Pune
Gwalior gharana
21st-century Indian male classical singers


Didier Borotra (born 30 August 1937) is a former member of the Senate of France, representing the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department from 1992 to 2011. He was re-elected in 2001 and did not stand in 2011.

He served alongside Auguste Cazalet (1983-2011), Louis Althapé (1992-2001), André Labbarère (2001-2006) and Annie Jarraud-Vergnolle (2006-2011).

He is a member of the Centrist Union group and the MoDem. At the end of his tenure, he served on the Senate Committee for Foreign Affairs, Defence and the Armed Forces.

References
Page on the Senate website

1937 births
Living people
Politicians from Nantes
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
French twins


The Latin Grammy Award for Best Singer-Songwriter Album is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally. According to the category description guide for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards, the award is reserved for solo artists or duos and they "must compose and interpret 75 percent of the album on their own to be eligible in this category". Additionally, live albums are eligible if they contain at least 51 percent of new unreleased material released within the eligibility period.

The accolade for Best Singer-Songwriter Album was first presented to American performer and musician Soraya at the 5th Latin Grammy Awards in 2004 for her eponymous fourth studio album (2003). Peruvian singer-songwriter Gian Marco, Uruguayan singer-songwriter Jorge Drexler and Brazilian singer-songwriter Caetano Veloso hold the record for the most wins in this category, with three. Guatemalan singer Ricardo Arjona has the highest number of nominations without a single win, with four unsuccessful nominations. For the first time in the category's history, in 2011, a tie was declared with the award given to Peruvian artist Gian Marco for Días Nuevos and to Cuban artist Amaury Gutiérrez for Sesiones Intimas.

Winners and nominees

Notes
 Each year is linked to the article about the Latin Grammy Awards held that year.
 Showing the name of the performer and the nominated album

References
General

Specific

External links
Official website of the Latin Grammy Awards

Singer-Songwriter Album


Yannick Botrel (born 9 December 1951) is a former member of the Senate of France, representing the Côtes-d'Armor department.  He is a member of the Socialist Party.

References
Page on the Senate website

1951 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Côtes-d'Armor
Mayors of places in Brittany


Wilfred George Lambert FBA (26 February 1926 – 9 November 2011) was a historian and archaeologist, a specialist in Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology.

Early life
Lambert was born in Birmingham, and, having won a scholarship, he was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham. He obtained two degrees, in Classics and Oriental Languages, at Christ's College, University of Cambridge.

Academic career
Lambert taught and researched at the University of Birmingham for thirty years, during which period he made weekly trips to work on deciphering cuneiform tablets in the British Museum. After retirement, he worked with the Museum on their Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals Project, dealing with the inscriptions on the seals. In January 2010, Professor Lambert and Irving Finkel identified pieces from a cuneiform tablet that was inscribed with the same text as the Cyrus Cylinder.

Lambert was an external consultant for the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary. His work, 'Introduction: the transmission of the literary and scholarly texts', in  Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art II: Literary and scholastic texts of the first millennium BC, was used as background material for The Higher Education Academy's project, Knowledge and Power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. He was also noted for his new discoveries in relation to the Gilgamesh text.

Personal life
Lambert was a Christadelphian, and a conscientious objector. From 1944, he worked in a horticultural nursery north of Birmingham in lieu of military service and supervised Italian prisoners of war in their work. Later, in his spare time, he was editor of one of his church's quarterly magazines. Lambert was a lifelong vegetarian.

Appointments and memberships
 1959–64: Associate Professor and Chair of Oriental Seminary, Johns Hopkins University
 1970–93: Professor of Assyriology, University of Birmingham.
 1984: President of the Society for Old Testament Study.

Lambert was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1971. He was also a presenting member of the Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (International Congress of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology).

Bibliography
This is a partial bibliography:

Books
 Morals in ancient Mesopotamia Jaarbericht 15. Ex Oriente Lux. (1957–58) pp184–196.
 Babylonian Wisdom Literature 1960. (221.849.2 L222)
 A new Babylonian Theogony and Hesiod W. G. Lambert and Peter Walcot (1931–2009). Kadmos 4 (1965) pp64–72.
 Ancient Near Eastern seals in Birmingham Collections (1966)
 Atra-Hasis: The Babylonian Story of the Flood by W. G. Lambert, A. R. Millard, and Miguel Civil. (Oxford 1969).
 Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum  (Jan. 1992)
 Art of the Eastern World by Geza Fehérvári, W. G. Lambert, Ralph H. Pinder-Wilson, and Marian Wenzel (1996)
 The Qualifications of Babylonian Diviners W.G. Lambert in Festschrift für Rykle Borger (1998).
 Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Volume II: Literary and Scholastic Texts of the First Millennium BC edited by Ira Spar and W. G. Lambert. (2005)
 Babylonian Oracle Questions Eisenbrauns, 2007 ()
Babylonian Creation Myths Eisenbrauns, 2013

In honour of
 Wisdom, Gods and literature: studies in Assyriology in honour of W.G. Lambert By Wilfred G. Lambert, A. R. George, Irving L. Finkel 2002 462pp

Conference papers
 Babylonian Siege Equipment. 52e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. Krieg und Frieden im Alten Vorderasien, Münster, 17–21 July 2006

Book reviews
 Review of Erica Reiner Astral Magic in Babylonia in The Journal of the American Oriental Society 1999
 Review of Charles Penglase Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod. 1997 in The Journal of the American Oriental Society

References

External links
 Entry for Wilfred Lambert, British Academy
 'Birmingham-born historian and archaeologist Wilfred Lambert dies ', Birmingham Post (01/12/11)

1926 births
2011 deaths
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Assyriologists
British conscientious objectors
Christadelphians
English Assyriologists
English Christians
Fellows of the British Academy
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Presidents of the Society for Old Testament Study


Didier Boulaud (born 4 September 1950, Yzeure) is a former member of the Senate of France. He represented the Nièvre department as a member of the Socialist Party.

Boulaud was first elected to the Senate on 23 September 2001. He was re-elected on 24 September 2011. He resigned his seat on 30 September 2012.

References
Page on the Senate website

1950 births
People from Allier
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Senators of Nièvre


PS: Political Science & Politics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of contemporary political phenomena and political science, published by  Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association. The journal was established in 1968 as PS, obtaining its current title in 1988. The editors-in-chief are Phillip Ardoin and Paul Gronke (Appalachian State University).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 0.789, ranking it 74th out of 161 journals in the category "Political Science".

References

External links

Political science journals
Academic journals established in 1968
Quarterly journals
Cambridge University Press academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies


People with the surname Insall include:

 Donald Insall (born 1926), British architect, conservationist and author
 Gilbert Stuart Martin Insall (1894–1972), British pilot in the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force
 John Insall (1930–2000), pioneering English orthopaedic surgeon who spent most of his career in the United States
 Robert Insall (born 1965), British cell & computational biologist


Gjocaj is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform, it became a subdivision of the municipality Peqin. The population at the 2011 census was 5,207. The municipal unit consists of the villages Gjocaj, Celhakaj, Hasmashaj, Kurtaj, Vashaj, Rrumbullak, Bregas, Bardhas and Blinas.

References

Former municipalities in Elbasan County
Administrative units of Peqin
Villages in Elbasan County


Yaxley Halt railway station was located in Yaxley, Suffolk. It was midway along a branch line from Mellis to the terminus at Eye which opened in 1867. Yaxley Halt did not open until 20 December 1922 and closed in 1931 when passenger trains were withdrawn from the branch.

The station was situated adjacent to the Ipswich to Norwich main road (the A140) which passed over the railway at this point on a bridge known as the "Dukes Bridge". On inclement days passengers used to shelter under the bridge as the platform was a very basic affair with name board and oil lamp. Passenger trains carried a ladder by which passengers could board and alight.

Freight traffic continued on the Eye Branch until 1964 when the line closed. It was lifted in 1965.

The 1925 1:2500 map indicated a Roman coin was found on the line just to the east of the station.

References

External links
 Navigable 1946 O. S. map showing the line through Yaxley, but the station no longer marked having closed in 1931.
 Yaxley churches webpage including a reference to Yaxley's station.

Disused railway stations in Suffolk
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1922
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1931


Alima Boumediene-Thiery (born 24 July 1956) was a Member of the European Parliament (1999–2004) and a member of the Senate of France (2004–2011), representing the city of Paris.  She was a member of the French Green party. She took part in the 1983 March for Equality and against Racism.

References

1956 births
Living people
French senators of the Fifth Republic
French people of Moroccan descent
The Greens (France) MEPs
The Greens (France) politicians
Socialist Party (France) politicians
MEPs for France 1999–2004
20th-century women MEPs for France
21st-century women MEPs for France
Women members of the Senate (France)
Senators of Paris
People from Argenteuil
Politicians from Île-de-France


Joël Bourdin (born 25 January 1938) is a former member of the Senate of France who represented the Eure department.  He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

Political career

Debut in Bernay
A university professor by profession, Joël Bourdin was first elected mayor of Bernay in the 1983 French municipal elections. Two years later, he was elected general councilor of Eure in the canton of Bernay-Ouest. And then became vice-president of the General Council of Eure.

In 2003, he chose to resign from Bernay town hall to devote himself to his other mandates. He is succeeded by his financial assistant Hervé Maurey. He did the same later during the French cantonal elections of 2004 during which he left his place of general councilor of Bernay-Ouest to Hervé Maurey.

In the Senate
He was elected senator of Eure on 24 September 1989 and re-elected in 1998.

He was triumphantly renewed for a third term as senator in 2008, achieving the best score in his department (58.48% of the vote). However, during the senatorial elections of September 2014, he was at the top of a dissenting list against the UMP-UDI union list but was defeated. The irony of fate wanted this list to be led by his dolphin in favor of whom he resigned from the town hall of Bernay and the Departmental Council of Eure, Hervé Maurey.

His mandates

 Senator (1989-2014)
 Vice-Chairman of the Eure General Council (→ 2004)
 Mayor of Bernay (1983-2003)
 Bernay municipal councilor (2003-2008)
 Member of the Retreat Orientation Council.
 Regional Councilor of Upper Normandy
 President of the Community of Communes of Bernay and its surroundings

References
Page on the Senate website

1938 births
Living people
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Eure
Place of birth missing (living people)


Karinë is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Peqin. The population at the 2011 census was 1,350. The municipality consists of the villages Karinë, Kazije, Rrozej, Progem, Sinametaj, Drangaj and Garunje.

References

Former municipalities in Elbasan County
Administrative units of Peqin
Villages in Elbasan County


"Sloughin' Blue" is the sixth single by Japanese electronica/rock band Boom Boom Satellites. It was initially released on January 24, 2001, as the second single from their second album Umbra.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
 Art Direction, Design – Shinichiro Hirata
 Drums [Additional] – Naoki Hirai
 Photography By – Yoshiyuki Hata
 Programmed By, Bass – Masayuki Nakano
 Vocals, Guitar – Michiyuki Kawashima
 Written-By – Boom Boom Satellites

References

External links
 Boom Boom Satellites official website
 Sloughin Blue on Discogs.com

2001 songs
Boom Boom Satellites songs


Anterior interosseous syndrome  is a medical condition in which damage to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), a distal motor and sensory branch of the median nerve, classically with severe weakness of the pincer movement of the thumb and index finger, and can cause transient pain in the wrist (the terminal, sensory branch of the AIN innervates the bones of the carpal tunnel).

Most cases of AIN syndrome are now thought to be due to a transient neuritis, although compression of the AIN in the forearm is a risk, such as pressure on the forearm from immobilization after shoulder surgery.  Trauma to the median nerve or around the proximal median nerve have also been reported as causes of AIN syndrome.

Although there is still controversy among upper extremity surgeons, AIN syndrome is now regarded as a neuritis (inflammation of the nerve) in most cases; this is similar to Parsonage–Turner syndrome.  Although the exact etiology is unknown, there is evidence that it is caused by an immune-mediated response that can follow other illnesses, such as pneumonia or severe viral illness.

Studies are limited, and no randomized controlled trials have been performed regarding the treatment of AIN syndrome.  While the natural history of AIN syndrome is not fully understood, studies following patients who have been treated without surgery show that symptoms can resolve starting as late as one year after onset.  Other retrospective studies have concluded that there is no difference in outcome in surgically versus nonsurgically treated patients.  The role of surgery in AIN syndrome remains controversial.  Indications for considering surgery include a known space-occupying lesion that is compressing the nerve (a mass) or fascial compression, and persistent symptoms beyond 1 year of conservative treatment.

Symptoms and signs

Patients may experience poorly localised, transient pain in the wrist, i.e. where the sensory branch of the AIN is mapped in the brain. The pain is sometimes referred into the cubital fossa and elbow pain has been reported as being a primary complaint.
The characteristic severe impairment of the pincer movement of the thumb and index finger is most striking.

Clinical signs

In a pure lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve there is weakness of the long flexor muscle of the thumb (Flexor pollicis longus), the deep flexor muscles of the index  and middle fingers (Flexor digitorum profundus I & II), and the pronator quadratus muscle.

There is no sensory deficit since the anterior interosseous nerve has no cutaneous branch to skin, but there is a large sensory branch to the volar carpus, and transient wrist pain may be experienced.

Causes

Injuries of the forearm with compression of the nerve from swelling is the most common cause: examples include supracondylar fractures, often associated with haemorrhage into the deep musculature; injury secondary to open reduction of a forearm fracture; or dislocation of the elbow.

Direct trauma from a penetrating injury such as a stab wound is a possible cause for the syndrome.

Fibrous bands or Arcuate ligament~arcuate (curved) ligaments may entrap the median as well as the anterior interosseous nerve, in which case a patient may experience hand numbness as well as wrist pain.

Very similar syndromes can be caused by more proximal lesions, such as brachial plexus neuritis.

Anterior interosseous nerve entrapment or compression injury remains a difficult clinical diagnosis because it is mainly a motor nerve problem, and the syndrome is often mistaken for index finger and/or thumb tendon injury.

Anatomy

The anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve, with a large sensory branch to the wrist bones, which arises just below the elbow. It passes distally, anteriorly along the interosseous membrane and innervates flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus to index and middle finger as well as pronator quadratus, and supplies sensory feedback from the wrist bones, i.e. the carpal tunnel, not skin.

Diagnosis

Electrophysiologic testing is an essential part of the evaluation of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Nerve conduction studies may be normal or show pronator quadratus latency.
Electromyography (EMG) is generally most useful and will reveal abnormalities in the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus I and II and pronator quadratus muscles.

The role or MRI and ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of Kiloh-Nevin syndrome is unclear.

If asked to make the "OK" sign, patients will make a triangle sign instead. This 'pinch-test' exposes the weakness of the flexor pollicis longus muscle and the flexor digitorum profundus I leading to weakness of the flexion of the distal phalanges of the thumb and index finger. This results in impairment of the pincer movement and the patient will have difficulty picking up a small item, such as a coin, from a flat surface.

Ericson's Test

Ericson's Test is a clinical maneuver for assessing the strength of the FDP and FPL muscles in anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, and other proximal entrapments of the median nerve.

In contrast to the "OK sign," Ericson's test isolates the action of the FDP and FPL while eliminating the contribution of the tenodesis effect and other adaptations that patients may use, usually unconsciously, to augment distal pincer strength.  Failing to control for compensatory wrist tenodesis  can mask an underlying proximal median nerve weakness in a patient who can otherwise make a normal OK-sign.

While facing the patient in what resembles an arm wrestling stance, with elbows planted firmly on a level surface and maintained touching the thorax, the examiner uses one hand to lock the patient's wrist in neutral, around which the patient curls his fingers. With the other hand, the examiner then attempts to "peel" back the tips of each individual finger against patient resistance. It is crucial that motion of the upper extremity be restricted to the distal IP joint, and that the MP and PIP joints are in full flexion and wrist neutral or slightly flexed. If the distal flexors of the index finger and thumb are weak, the patient will be unable to resist this motion, and Ericson's test is considered positive for proximal median nerve weakness.

Ericson's test is frequently positive for proximal median nerve weakness (of which AIN syndrome is but one subtype) even in the context of normal imaging, EMG, and nerve conduction studies, which highlights the clinical nature of the diagnosis. Overreliance on electrical diagnostic workup unfairly excludes patients who would otherwise benefit from surgical decompression.

Treatment

Surgical decompression can give excellent results if the clinical picture and the EMG suggest a compression neuropathy.
In brachial plexus neuritis, conservative management may be more appropriate.
Spontaneous recovery has been reported, but is said to be delayed and incomplete.

There may be a role for physiotherapy in some cases, and this should be directed specifically towards the pattern of pain and symptoms. Soft tissue massage, stretches and exercises to directly mobilise the nerve tissue may be used.

History

The syndrome was first described by Parsonage and Turner in 1948 and further defined as isolated lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve by Leslie Gordon Kiloh and Samuel Nevin in 1952.

References

External links

Neurological disorders
Mononeuropathies of upper limb
Syndromes


Badagaun is a village development committee in Salyan District in Karnali Province of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3283 people living in 385 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Electromagnetic Attack Squadron 132 (VAQ-132), the "Scorpions", is a United States Navy aircraft squadron based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, flying the EA-18G Growler. The squadron's radio callsign is "Scorp".

History

Electronic Warfare Squadron 132 can trace its history all the way back to Patrol Squadron 911 (VP-911, later VP-29), established in 1946.

VAH-2
In November 1955, VP-29 personnel formed the nucleus of the squadron Heavy Attack Squadron Two (VAH-2) "Royal Rampants" and transitioned to the A3D Skywarrior and changed its homeport the following year to NAS Whidbey Island.

During the Vietnam War detachments from VAH-2 were deployed on the following aircraft carriers operating on Yankee and Dixie Stations:

5 August 1964 – 6 May 1965, Detachment M A-3Bs were embarked on
7 December 1964 – 1 November 1965, A-3Bs were embarked on
10 December 1965 – 25 August 1966, Detachment F A-3Bs were embarked on USS Ranger
29 July 1966 – 23 February 1967, Detachment A A-3Bs were embarked on USS Coral Sea
19 November 1966 – 6 July 1967, Detachment M A-3Bs were embarked on
26 July 1967 – 6 April 1968, KA-3Bs were embarked on USS Coral Sea
4 November 1967 – 25 May 1968, Detachment 61 KA-3Bs were embarked on USS Ranger
3 January-18 July 1968, Detachment 65 KA-3Bs were embarked on USS Enterprise
29 May 1968 – 31 January 1969, Detachment 64 KA-3Bs were embarked on

VAQ-132
In November 1968, VAH-2 was redesignated as Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 132 (VAQ-132) and transitioned to the EKA-3B. In January 1971, they received the EA-6B Prowler and became the first operational squadron to transition to the new aircraft.

On 7 November 2008, VAQ-132 held their ceremonial last flight in the Grumman EA-6B Prowler and began the transition to the brand-new, Boeing EA-18G Growler in February 2009 with flight certification in mid-2009. Initial operational capability (IOC) was achieved on 22 September 2009, making them the first operational EA-18G squadron.

On 5 August 2009, EA-18Gs from VAQ-132 and Electronic Attack Squadron 129 (VAQ-129) completed their first at-sea carrier-arrested landing (trap) aboard .

The United States Navy's new Boeing EA-18G Growler ( "Grizzly" )  was first used in combat during Operation Odyssey Dawn by supporting efforts to enforce a UN no-fly-zone over Libya. The five EA-18Gs of VAQ-132 "Scorpions" were redeployed from Al' Asad Air Base, Iraq to Aviano Air Base, Italy to support Libya operations.

References

External links
VAQ-132 official website

See also
 History of the United States Navy
 List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons

Electronic attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Military units and formations in Washington (state)


The E120 bomblet was a biological cluster bomb sub-munition developed to disseminate a liquid biological agent. The E120 was developed by the United States in the early 1960s.

History
The E120 bomblet was one of several biological weapons that were developed before the United States abandoned its offensive biological warfare program in 1969–1970. The E120 was developed in the early 1960s. The Schu S-4 strain of the tularemia bacterium was standardized as Agent UL for use in the E120 bomblet.

Specifications
The E120 was a spherical bomblet with a diameter of 11.4 centimeters. It was designed to hold 0.1 kilograms of liquid biological agent. Much like the M139 bomblet, the E120 had exterior "vanes". However, the vanes' function on the E120 was to cause the bomblet to rotate as it fell, thus shattering and rolling around upon impact while spraying the agent from a nozzle.

See also
E14 munition
E61 anthrax bomblet
Flettner rotor bomblet
M143 bomblet

References

Biological weapon delivery systems
Submunitions


Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) is a water-soluble analog of vitamin E sold by Hoffman-LaRoche. It is an antioxidant like vitamin E and it is used in biological or biochemical applications to reduce oxidative stress or damage.

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) is a measurement of antioxidant strength based on Trolox, measured in units called Trolox Equivalents (TE), e.g. micromolTE/100 g.  Due to the difficulties in measuring individual antioxidant components of a complex mixture (such as blueberries or tomatoes), Trolox equivalency is used as a benchmark for the antioxidant capacity of such a mixture. Trolox equivalency is most often measured using the ABTS decolorization assay. The TEAC assay is used to measure antioxidant capacity of foods, beverages and supplements. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) is an antioxidant capacity assays which uses Trolox as a standard.

Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) used to be an alternative measurement, but the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) withdrew these ratings in 2012 as biologically invalid, stating that "The data for antioxidant capacity of foods generated by in vitro (test-tube) methods cannot be extrapolated to in vivo (human) effects and the clinical trials to test benefits of dietary antioxidants have produced mixed results. We know now that antioxidant molecules in food have a wide range of functions, many of which are unrelated to the ability to absorb free radicals"

References

Vitamins
Antioxidants
Chromanes
Phenols
Hydroxy acids


Return of the Brute is a novel written by Irish writer Liam O'Flaherty and published in 1929.

Plot

Based on the author's experience as an Irish Guardsman in World War I, this short novel tells the story of a squad of British soldiers in an unidentified area of the Western Front. The squad is led by Corporal Williams, an obtuse NCO, and consists of nine infantrymen, one of whom, William Gunn, is plagued by PTS and mentally unbalanced. The novel focuses on the last hours of this group of doomed individuals, which will be killed or wounded in a fruitless attempt to occupy a section of the enemy front line. Gunn will go crazy, turning into the Brute of the title, and will kill the other two surviving soldiers in the bleak ending of the novel.

Criticism
David Trotter, in The Cambridge Companion to The Literature of the First World War, maintains that O'Flaherty's book—which, unlike most British war novels, was written by an author of proletarian origin—is interesting inasmuch as it "intended to do justice to the brute's point of view" (35), where brute stands for working-class soldiers.
Umberto Rossi praised the book as one of the few World War I novels which did not censor the traumatic and brutal experience of front infantrymen, showing combat in the trenches for what it was with a remarkable expressionistic style; it can be thus considered a forerunner of such late-modern writers as Cormac McCarthy and William T. Vollmann.

External links
 An Extract of the Novel

Notes

1929 novels
Novels by Liam O'Flaherty
Anti-war novels
Novels set during World War I
20th-century Irish novels
Irish historical novels


Bulgaria selected their Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2008 entry by a national final, which was held on 18 September 2008. The winner was Krestiana Kresteva with the song "Edna Mechta" which represented Bulgaria in Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2008 on 22 November 2008.

Before Junior Eurovision

National final
Artists and songwriters were able to submit their entries until 31 March 2008. From all songs submitted to BNT, an expert committee selected ten songs for the competition. After the list was released, Ani Svetlozarova and Natalia Danielova withdrew from the competition. As a result of this, Usmivka and Krestiana Kresteva participated in the national final instead.

Final
The final took place on 18 September 2008, hosted by Uti Bachvarov and Victoria Terziyska. Ten songs competed and the winner was determined by public televoting. Voting was open for 10 minutes, and at the conclusion of the voting, "Edna mechta" performed by Krestiana Kresteva was the winner, receiving almost 45% of the public vote.

Controversy
Prior to the pre-selection local Bulgarian newspaper, Trud, accused organizers of fixing the selection process in favour of the eventual winner, Krestiana Kresteva. A member of the pre-selection committee, Svetoslav Loboshki, denied the accusation, stating,  "The article is based on false assumptions of the journalist or is an improper publicity stunt by some of the parents, whose children are involved in preselection".

At Junior Eurovision
At Junior Eurovision, Bulgaria performed in the eighth slot.

Voting

Notes

References

External links
 Junior Eurovision 2008 page at BNT Website

Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Bulgaria
2008


Müşkür (known as Pavlovka until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,020.  The municipality consists of the villages of Müşkür, Müzəffəroba, and Müşviq.

In 1999, the neighbouring villages of Qasabovka and Yekaterinovka were incorporated into Müşkür.

References

Populated places in Khachmaz District