Tak and the Guardians of Gross is a platform video game developed by Blitz Games and published by THQ for Wii and PlayStation 2 in 2008. It is the fourth title in the Tak series following Tak: The Great Juju Challenge.

Plot
In the beginning, Tak complains about Jibolba making him clean the Spoiled Shrine. Jeera offers to take the J-Runner, but Tak wants to take a shortcut through the jungle. Despite Keeko's warning, Tak goes anyway. After going through a long trail full of Woodie Tribesmen, Tak finally makes it to the shrine. After fighting his way up, Tak gets to the top of the shrine. Tak decides to lift up a giant gem, and stuff everything below it. However, he cannot support the gem with his Magic, and it falls and breaks. Suddenly, the ground shakes, and these long trails of magic fly out. Suddenly, four gigantic Big Gs appear, and start wreaking havoc on the world.

When Tak goes back to the village, Jibolba tells Tak that whoever did this must see the four Jujus known as the Guardians of Gross. First Tak sees Debris Juju, and after winning a mini-game, Tak gets Lumpy Magic. He then sets out for the first G, Trashthulu. After a long trail, he uses a catapult to launch onto Trashthulu. When he lands, he must use Lumpy Magic to make it to the head of the beast. Once inside, he grabs the essence gem of the beast, and he must jab his staff into the eyes to defeat him. When both eyes are handled, Tak jumps out, and the beast turns to stone and collapses.

After, Tak goes to Icky Juju, and he gets Slime Magic. Tak surfs through a river of slime onto Slopviathan. Now, Tak must get through the slop, and make it to the head of the beast. Once here, he pumps the eyes of Slopviathan with Slime and they explode. He then grabs the essence, and jumps off as Slopviathan turns to stone. Next, he goes to Melty Juju, who gives Tak Cheesy Magic. He then waits, but is eaten by Gorgonzilla. He now goes through his body until he is in the lower jaw of the G. He then hits the hurt teeth of the beast, which makes his top jaw fly open while he cries. Tak then starts beating the uvula of the beast. This makes the essence fly off his forehead, and the beast turns to stone and crumbles.

Finally, Tak heads to Stinky Juju where he gets Stinky Magic. Now, he heads to Stinkolossus by going through another jungle path. Here he makes it to the beast, and he must fight to the top, while fighting three smaller stink beasts. When he makes it to the top, he is floating on platforms, swirling around the  G. He then beats the three smaller beasts again, and then he must shoot the monster's Stink Bombs back at him. This makes him spit out his essence, and Tak escapes.

Now, with all essences, Tak restores the gem. When he is about to put the essences back, Stinky Juju returns to see. Tak trips, and the beasts are free again. When Tak thinks all is lost, Stinly Juju tells Tak there is another way. If he can collect slime from all the Gs, and burp, it will defeat the Gs once and for all. And, after a race in the J-Runner, Tak does just this. Tak celebrates, and the game is over.

Gameplay
The game is a linear platformer with a focus on using a series of parkour moves in order to jump over obstacles and run through walls. A good number of levels are structured around Tak having to find his way across the bodies of each of the Big Gs in a vertical fashion in order to reach their heads and engage in a boss battle. Between most major levels, Tak is challenged to a series of mini-games (which can also be played by two players) by the Juju guardians of the Big Gs in order to receive additional magical powers to help him defeat them, which can then be activated usually in context-sensitive areas during specific levels.

Reception

The game received "mixed or average" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

References

External links

Tak and the Power of Juju
Wii games
PlayStation 2 games
2008 video games
THQ games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Blitz Games Studios games
3D platform games


KASK (91.5 FM) is a non-commercial American radio station broadcasting a Christian talk and teaching format, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to serve the community of Fairfield, California.  As of January 2009, KASK is owned by Continuous Bible Talk.

History
The station was first licensed to begin broadcasting as KASZ on February 7, 1997.  On May 23, 1997, the station changed its call sign to the current KASK.

KASK was formerly owned and operated by The Doug Matthews Group in Las Cruces, New Mexico and ceased broadcasting in the early 1990s after a venture into independent television (KASK-TV) failed and forced the company into bankruptcy. The station's format during the 1970s and 1980s was Adult Contemporary and used a reel-to-reel automation system with live assist cutaways for news, weather, and sports. The station's frequency was 103.1 FM.

References

External links

ASK
Radio stations established in 1997
Fairfield, California


El Tepozteco is an archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. It consists of a small temple to Tepoztēcatl, the Aztec god of the alcoholic beverage pulque.

In the middle Postclassic Period, various terraces and a small pyramid were built on one of the peaks of the Sierra de Tepoztlan, overlooking the pre-Columbian town of Tepoztlan. The temple became important enough to attract pilgrims from as far away as Guatemala, although the cult of Tepoztecatl was local to this site. The Sierra de Tepoztlan and the temple site are within El Tepozteco National Park.

Description
The temple itself stands at the western side of the site. It consists of a 6.4-meter-high platform supporting a 3.3-meter-high temple base. Upon this stand the remains of the temple building, the remains of which now stand 2.7 meters high. The temple was formed of two rooms. The first room opened onto the temple stairs, with two pillars flanking the entrance. In the centre of this room a small hollow was found, containing traces of charcoal and copal.

The entry to the small inner sanctum was also flanked by two pillars. The sculpture of Tepoztecatl was probably kept in this room.

The temple was modified several times during its history. The first consisted of a narrowing of the entrance to the inner sanctum by building flanking walls against the formerly free-standing inner pillars. The second, and most important, modification was the addition of stone benches and a small projecting cornice. On the cornice are bas-reliefs of the glyphs of the 20 days of the sacred tonalpohualli calendar.

Dwellings were built on the terraces on the eastern side of the site in order to house the resident priests and their helpers.

Interpretations

In the ruins of the temple were found two fallen stones with glyphs, one stone bears the name of the eighth Aztec emperor Ahuizotl, the other with the calendrical date "10 rabbit". This date represents the year 1502 A.D., the year that this emperor died. From this, some archeologists have concluded that this was the year in which the temple was built, others suggest that these stones were added later to commemorate the death of the Aztec emperor. Some glyphs include a turquoise crown and a shield with arrows, which have led investigators to conclude that the benches were built by the Triple Alliance some time after 1452 A.D., the year when the Alliance conquered Tepoztlan.

See also
List of Mesoamerican pyramids

Notes

References

External links
El Tepozteco at INAH

Buildings and structures in Mesoamerica
Aztec sites
Archaeological sites in Morelos


{{DISPLAYTITLE:f(R) gravity}}
() is a type of modified gravity theory which generalizes Einstein's general relativity. () gravity is actually a family of theories, each one defined by a different function, , of the Ricci scalar, . The simplest case is just the function being equal to the scalar; this is general relativity. As a consequence of introducing an arbitrary function, there may be freedom to explain the accelerated expansion and structure formation of the Universe without adding unknown forms of dark energy or dark matter. Some functional forms may be inspired by corrections arising from a quantum theory of gravity. () gravity was first proposed in 1970 by Hans Adolph Buchdahl (although  was used rather than  for the name of the arbitrary function). It has become an active field of research following work by Starobinsky on cosmic inflation. A wide range of phenomena can be produced from this theory by adopting different functions; however, many functional forms can now be ruled out on observational grounds, or because of pathological theoretical problems.

Introduction

In () gravity, one seeks to generalize the Lagrangian of the Einstein–Hilbert action:

to

where  is the determinant of the metric tensor, and  is some function of the Ricci scalar.

There are two ways to track the effect of changing  to , i.e., to obtain the theory field equations. The first is to use metric formalism and the second is to use the Palatini formalism. While the two formalisms lead to the same field equations for General Relativity, i.e., when , the field equations may differ when .

Metric () gravity

Derivation of field equations
In metric () gravity, one arrives at the field equations by varying the action with respect to the metric and not treating the connection  independently. For completeness we will now briefly mention the basic steps of the variation of the action. The main steps are the same as in the case of the variation of the Einstein–Hilbert action (see the article for more details) but there are also some important differences.

The variation of the determinant is as always:

The Ricci scalar is defined as

Therefore, its variation with respect to the inverse metric  is given by

For the second step see the article about the Einstein–Hilbert action. Since is the difference of two connections, it should transform as a tensor. Therefore, it can be written as

Substituting into the equation above:

where is the covariant derivative and  is the d'Alembert operator.

Denoting , the variation in the action reads:

Doing integration by parts on the second and third terms (and neglected the boundary contributions), we get:

By demanding that the action remains invariant under variations of the metric, , one obtains the field equations:

where is the energy–momentum tensor defined as

where is the matter Lagrangian.

The generalized Friedmann equations
Assuming a Robertson–Walker metric with scale factor  we can find the generalized Friedmann equations to be (in units where ):

where
 is the Hubble parameter,
the dot is the derivative with respect to the cosmic time , and the terms m and rad represent the matter and radiation densities respectively; these satisfy the continuity equations:

Modified Newton's constant
An interesting feature of these theories is the fact that the gravitational constant is time and scale dependent. To see this, add a small scalar perturbation to the metric (in the Newtonian gauge):

where  and  are the Newtonian potentials and use the field equations to first order. After some lengthy calculations, one can define a Poisson equation in the Fourier space and attribute the extra terms that appear on the right hand side to an effective gravitational constant eff. Doing so, we get the gravitational potential (valid on sub-horizon scales ):

where m is a perturbation in the matter density,  is the Fourier scale and eff is:

with

Massive gravitational waves

This class of theories when linearized exhibits three polarization modes for the gravitational waves, of which two correspond to the massless graviton (helicities ±2) and the third (scalar) is coming from the fact that if we take into account a conformal transformation, the fourth order theory () becomes general relativity plus a scalar field. To see this, identify

and use the field equations above to get

Working to first order of perturbation theory:

and after some tedious algebra, one can solve for the metric perturbation, which corresponds to the gravitational waves. A particular frequency component, for a wave propagating in the -direction, may be written as

where

and g() = d/d is the group velocity of a wave packet  centred on wave-vector . The first two terms correspond to the usual transverse polarizations from general relativity, while the third corresponds to the new massive polarization mode of () theories. This mode is a mixture of massless transverse breathing mode (but not traceless) and massive longitudinal scalar mode.    The transverse and traceless modes (also known as tensor modes) propagate at the speed of light, but the massive scalar mode moves at a speed G < 1 (in units where  = 1), this mode is dispersive. However, in () gravity metric formalism, for the model  (also known as pure  model), the third polarization mode is a pure breathing mode and propagate with the speed of light through the spacetime.

Equivalent formalism

Under certain additional conditions we can simplify the analysis of () theories by introducing an auxiliary field . Assuming  for all , let () be the Legendre transformation of () so that  and . Then, one obtains the O'Hanlon (1972) action:

We have the Euler–Lagrange equations

Eliminating , we obtain exactly the same equations as before. However, the equations are only second order in the derivatives, instead of fourth order.

We are currently working with the Jordan frame. By performing a conformal rescaling

we transform to the Einstein frame:

after integrating by parts.

Defining , and substituting

This is general relativity coupled to a real scalar field: using () theories to describe the accelerating universe is practically equivalent to using quintessence. (At least, equivalent up to the caveat that we have not yet specified matter couplings, so (for example) () gravity in which matter is minimally coupled to the metric (i.e., in Jordan frame) is equivalent to a quintessence theory in which the scalar field mediates a fifth force with gravitational strength.)

Palatini () gravity

In Palatini () gravity, one treats the metric and connection independently and varies the action with respect to each of them separately. The matter Lagrangian is assumed to be independent of the connection. These theories have been shown to be equivalent to Brans–Dicke theory with . Due to the structure of the theory, however, Palatini () theories appear to be in conflict with the Standard Model, may violate Solar system experiments, and seem to create unwanted singularities.

Metric-affine () gravity

In metric-affine () gravity, one generalizes things even further, treating both the metric and connection independently, and assuming the matter Lagrangian depends on the connection as well.

Observational tests

As there are many potential forms of () gravity, it is difficult to find generic tests. Additionally, since deviations away from General Relativity can be made arbitrarily small in some cases, it is impossible to conclusively exclude some modifications. Some progress can be made, without assuming a concrete form for the function () by Taylor expanding

The first term is like the cosmological constant and must be small. The next coefficient 1 can be set to one as in general relativity. For metric () gravity (as opposed to Palatini or metric-affine () gravity), the quadratic term is best constrained by fifth force measurements, since it leads to a Yukawa correction to the gravitational potential. The best current bounds are  or equivalently

The parameterized post-Newtonian formalism is designed to be able to constrain generic modified theories of gravity. However, () gravity shares many of the same values as General Relativity, and is therefore indistinguishable using these tests. In particular light deflection is unchanged, so () gravity, like General Relativity, is entirely consistent with the bounds from Cassini tracking.

Starobinsky gravity

Starobinsky gravity has the following form

where  has the dimensions of mass.

Starobinsky gravity provides a mechanism for the cosmic inflation, just after the Big Bang when  was still large. However, it is not suited to describe the present universe acceleration since at present  is very small. This implies that the quadratic term in  is negligible, i.e., one tends to  which is General Relativity with a null cosmological constant.

Gogoi-Goswami gravity
Gogoi-Goswami gravity has the following form

where  and  are two dimensionless positive constants and  is a characteristic curvature constant.

Tensorial generalization

() gravity as presented in the previous sections is a scalar modification of general relativity. More generally, we can have a

coupling involving invariants of the Ricci tensor and the Weyl tensor. Special cases are () gravity, conformal gravity, Gauss–Bonnet gravity and Lovelock gravity. Notice that with any nontrivial tensorial dependence, we typically have additional massive spin-2 degrees of freedom, in addition to the massless graviton and a massive scalar. An exception is Gauss–Bonnet gravity where the fourth order terms for the spin-2 components cancel out.

See also

 Extended theories of gravity
 Gauss–Bonnet gravity
 Lovelock gravity

References

Further reading
 See Chapter 29 in the textbook on "Particles and Quantum Fields" by Kleinert, H. (2016), World Scientific (Singapore, 2016) (also available online)

Salvatore Capozziello and Mariafelicia De Laurentis, (2015) "F(R) theories of gravitation". Scholarpedia, doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.31422
Kalvakota, Vaibhav R., (2021) "Investigating f(R)" gravity and cosmologies". Mathematical physics preprint archive, https://web.ma.utexas.edu/mp_arc/c/21/21-38.pdf
S. I. Kruglov (2014). "Modified arctan-gravity model mimicking a cosmological constant". Phys.Rev.D 89, 6, 064004 [arXiv:1310.6915].
S .I. Kruglov (2013). "On exponential modified gravity". Int.J.Mod.Phys.A 28, 24, 1350119 [arXiv:1204.6709].
S.  I. Kruglov (2016). "Notes on Born–Infeld-like modified gravity". Astrophys.Space Sci. 361, 2, 73 [arXiv:1403.0675].
S. I. Kruglov (2015). "A new (F(R)-gravity model". Astrophys.Space Sci. 358, 2, 48 [arXiv:1502.00659].
S. I. Kruglov (2023), "Logarithmic gravity model". Int.J.Mod.Phys. D 32, 06, 2350037 [arXiv:2304.09106].

External links
f(R) gravity on arxiv.org
Extended Theories of Gravity

Theories of gravity


KCHP-LP (97.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Arcata, California, United States. The station is currently owned by Calvary Chapel of Arcata.

References

External links

CHP
CHP-LP


Clancy Cooper (July 23, 1906 – June 14, 1975) was an American actor.

He appeared in more than 100 films between 1938 and 1962. He also guest-starred on numerous TV series, such as The Rifleman, Lawman, Wanted: Dead or Alive, Maverick, and Alfred Hitchcock Presents; he also appeared on Sanford and Son as Kelly, an elderly friend of Fred Sanford, in the episode "The Copper Caper", the fourth episode in the first season of the series. He appeared as the Sheriff in The Lone Ranger (TV series) 1949 episode (1/15) "Old Joe's Sister".

Cooper's Broadway credits as an actor included Eight O'Clock Tuesday (1941), Horse Fever (1940), Night Music (1940), The Man Who Killed Lincoln (1940), Summer Night (1939), Stop Press (1939), The Fabulous Invalid (1938), and Casey Jones (1938). He also directed plays.

Selected filmography

 Mr. Wong, Detective (1938) - Warehouse Man (uncredited)
 Flying G-Men (1939, Serial) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
 High Sierra (1941) - Policeman George Asking for ID (uncredited)
 Double Cross (1941) - Police Radio Dispatcher (uncredited)
 They Died with Their Boots On (1941) - Train Conductor (uncredited)
 All Through the Night (1942) - Police Sergeant (uncredited)
 West of Tombstone (1942) - Dave Shurlock
 The Man Who Returned to Life (1942) - Clem Beebe
 Unseen Enemy (1942) - Police Inspector Alan Davies
 Juke Girl (1942) - Farmer in Muckeye's (uncredited)
 The Big Shot (1942) - Amos Haskell—Prison Guard (uncredited)
 Flight Lieutenant (1942) - Scanlon (uncredited)
 The Pride of the Yankees (1942) - Motorcycle Cop #1 (uncredited)
 Wings for the Eagle (1942) - Policeman at Restaurant (uncredited)
 The Secret Code (1942, Serial) - Det. Sgt. Pat Flanagan
 A Man's World (1942) - John Black
 Street of Chance (1942) - Burke
 Riding Through Nevada (1942) - Ed Kendall
 Dead Man's Gulch (1943) - Walt Bledsoe
 The Human Comedy (1943) - Mess Sergeant (uncredited)
 Redhead from Manhattan (1943) - Policeman
 Girls in Chains (1943) - Marcus
 Frontier Fury (1943) - Dan Bentley (uncredited)
 The Man from Down Under (1943) - Foreman (uncredited)
 Deerslayer (1943) - Mr. Barlow
 Whistling in Brooklyn (1943) - Police Officer Slocum (uncredited)
 Timber Queen (1944) - Barney (uncredited)
 Sundown Valley (1944) - Hodge Miller (uncredited)
 The Whistler (1944) - Telephone Repairman (uncredited)
 Gambler's Choice (1944) - Tim Riley (uncredited)
 Riding West (1944) - Blackburn
 Take It Big (1944) - Telephone Man (uncredited)
 Haunted Harbor (1944, Serial) - Yank
 The Last Ride (1944) - Police Sgt. Naylor (uncredited)
 Mystery of the River Boat (1944, Serial) - Police Sergeant (scenes deleted)
 Cyclone Prairie Rangers (1944) - Henry Vogel (uncredited)
 The Thin Man Goes Home (1944) - Butcher in Montage (uncredited)
 High Powered (1945) - Plant Boss (uncredited)
 Without Love (1945) - Sergeant
 Dangerous Partners (1945) - Ben Albee (uncredited)
 Bewitched (1945) - Cop (uncredited)
 State Fair (1945) - Policeman (uncredited)
 Mildred Pierce (1945) - Policeman (uncredited)
 Danger Signal (1945) - Police Captain with Suicide Note (uncredited)
 Sing Your Way Home (1945) - F.B.I. Man (uncredited)
 The Enchanted Forest (1945) - Gilson
 Dragonwyck (1946) - Farmer (uncredited)
 The Wife of Monte Cristo (1946) - Baptiste
 Somewhere in the Night (1946) - Tom - Sanitarium Guard (uncredited)
 Centennial Summer (1946) - Carpenter (uncredited)
 Courage of Lassie (1946) - Casey
 It Shouldn't Happen to a Dog (1946) - House Detective (uncredited)
 Below the Deadline (1946) - Nichols
 The Strange Woman (1946) - Lumberjack (uncredited)
 The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) - Taxi Driver (uncredited)
 Gallant Bess (1946) - Chief Petty Officer (uncredited)
 California (1947) - Cavalry N.C.O. (uncredited)
 Nora Prentiss (1947) - Policeman (uncredited)
 Cheyenne (1947) - Andrews (uncredited)
 The Crimson Key (1947) - Club Doorman (uncredited)
 Deep Valley (1947) - Guard (uncredited)
 Dark Passage (1947) - Man on Street Seeking Match (uncredited)
 Unconquered (1947) - Sentry (uncredited)
 Railroaded! (1947) - Detective Jim Chubb
 Nightmare Alley (1947) - Stage Manager (uncredited)
 Her Husband's Affairs (1947) - Window Washer (uncredited)
 The Gangster (1947) - Dan - Karty's Brother-in-Law (uncredited)
 The Man from Texas (1948) - Jim Walsh - Henchman (uncredited)
 The Sainted Sisters (1948) - Cal Frisbee
 Lulu Belle (1948) - Ed - Bartender (uncredited)
 Road House (1948) - Policeman at Road House (uncredited)
 Joan of Arc (1948) - Soldier #1 (uncredited)
 Mr. Belvedere Goes to College (1949) - Mac - Police Officer #97 (uncredited)
 Reign of Terror (1949) - Saint Just's Sentry (uncredited)
 Trapped (1949) - Desk Sergeant (uncredited)
 Prison Warden (1949) - McCall - Gate Guard (uncredited)
 Song of Surrender (1949) - Mr. Torrance
 Mary Ryan, Detective (1949) - Patrolman McBride (uncredited)
 Bride for Sale (1949) - Finley (uncredited)
 Whirlpool (1949) - First Policeman (uncredited)
 Life of St. Paul Series (1949) - Blacksmith in Cyprus
 The File on Thelma Jordon (1950) - Chase (uncredited)
 Dakota Lil (1950) - Bartender
 The Great Rupert (1950) - Police Lt. Saunders
 Where the Sidewalk Ends (1950) - Police Desk Sergeant Murphy (uncredited)
 Convicted (1950) - Prison Guard (uncredited)
 Southside 1-1000 (1950) - Police Desk Sergeant
 He Ran All the Way (1951) - Stan
 The Tall Target (1951) - Brakeman (uncredited)
 Distant Drums (1951) - Sgt. Shane (uncredited)
 The Wild North (1952) - Sloan
 Deadline - U.S.A. (1952) - Police Captain Finlay (uncredited)
 Lydia Bailey (1952) - Codman (uncredited)
 Flat Top (1952) - Captain (uncredited)
 Because of You (1952) - Federal Agent (uncredited)
 The Man Behind the Gun (1953) - 'Kansas' Collins
 The Silver Whip (1953) - Bert Foley (uncredited)
 Pickup on South Street (1953) - Detective Eddie (uncredited)
 Here Come the Girls (1953) - Otto (uncredited)
 All the Brothers Were Valiant (1953) - Smith
 Living It Up (1954) - Newspaper Slugger (uncredited)
 Artists and Models (1955) - Police Officer (uncredited)
 The Square Jungle (1955) - Mike Walsh (uncredited)
 Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956) - Capt. Lancheck (uncredited)
 The Vagabond King (1956) - Gaoler (uncredited)
 The Best Things in Life Are Free (1956) - Bootlegger (uncredited)
 The True Story of Jesse James (1957) - Sheriff Yoe (uncredited)
 Oh, Men! Oh, Women! (1957) - Mounted Policeman (uncredited)
 The Walter Winchell File (1957, Episode: "The Boy from Mason City")
 A Time to Love and a Time to Die (1958) - Sauer
 The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958) - A Barber
 A Gift for Heidi (1958) - Dr. Roth
 Wild Youth (1960) - Erickson
 The Silent Call (1961) - Art - Neighbor (uncredited)
 Saintly Sinners (1962) - Idaho Murphy
 Incident in an Alley (1962) - Sam - Police Sergeant

References

External links

1906 births
1975 deaths
American male film actors
American male stage actors
20th-century American male actors


Pyotr Yefimovich Isakov (; July 1900 in Nikolskoye, Pokrov Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate – 3 April 1957 in Moscow) was a Soviet football player and manager.

International career
Isakov made his debut for USSR on 16 November 1924 in a friendly against Turkey.

External links
  Profile

1900 births
1957 deaths
Russian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Soviet Union men's international footballers
Soviet football managers
Soviet Top League players
FC Presnya Moscow players
FC Spartak Moscow managers
FC Spartak Moscow players

Men's association football forwards


Nestor of Thessalonica was a saint and wrestler known for having been the companion of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica (October 26). St. Nestor's feast day is celebrated on October 27.

Biography
Having been moved to act against the mighty Lyaeus, the most feared gladiator in Rome, who mocked and tormented the Christians in the arena, Nestor went to see the imprisoned St. Demetrius and asked for his blessing to fight and defeat Lyeios. With the blessing of the saint and faith in God, he entered the arena and mortally struck Lyeios.

Maximian, the emperor, was angered by this and ordered that Nestor be slain with his own sword.

Feast day
The year of his death is reported variously as 290, 296, or 306 AD, each on October 27.

External links
 The Passion (BHL 2122) and Miracles (BHL 2123) of St. Demetrius by Anastasius the Librarian tr. by David Woods
Martyr Nestor of Thessalonica (OCA)
Nestor the Martyr of Thessaloniki (GOARCH)
Demetrios the Myrrhbearer & Great Martyr of Thessaloniki (GOARCH)

3rd-century deaths
Saints of Roman Thessalonica
3rd-century Christian martyrs
Year of birth unknown
Military saints


Step into My World EP is an EP by the British rock band Hurricane #1, released in 1997. It features the Perfecto remix by Paul Oakenfold and Steve Osborne. It reached top 20 in the UK Singles Charts.

Track listing

CD CRESCD 276
 "Step Into My World (The Perfecto Radio Edit)"
 "Step Into My World"
 "If You Think It's Easy"
 "Never Mind the Rain"

CD - Mixes CRESCD 276X
 "Step Into My World (The Perfecto Mix)"
 "Step Into My World (FC Kahuna Mix)"
 "Step Into My World (The Perfecto Dub)"
 "Step Into My World (Get It Together Mix)"

7" CRE 276
 "Step Into My World (The Perfecto Radio Edit)"
 "If You Think It's Easy"

Personnel
"Step Into My World Ep"
1, Remix produced and mixed by Paul Oakenfold and Steve Osborne
Remix engineer Danton Supple
Remix programming - Ben Hillier for 140dB
2, 3, 4, Produced by Stephen Harris and Andy Bell
Engineered and mixed by Stephen Harris
All songs written by Andy Bell (Creation Songs)
Photography by Tim Page
Design by Phantom Industries

1997 EPs
Creation Records EPs


The Extra Mile – Points of Light Volunteer Pathway is a national monument in Washington D.C.

The Extra Mile or Extra Mile may also refer to:

Arts and education

Music
Extra Mile (album), a 1990 album by Shenandoah
The Extra Mile, a 1992 album by Al Denson
"The Extra Mile", a song on Tra te e il mare, 2000 Laura Pausini album
"The Extra Mile", a song on Things Go Better with RJ and AL, 2006 Soul Position album
"The Extra Mile", a song on This Is Where I Came In, 2001 Bee Gees album
"Extra Mile", song on Deeper Water, a 1995 Paul Kelly album

Television
"The Extra Mile", an episode of Drive (2007 TV series)
"The Extra Mile", an episode of the TV series All Saints (season 7)
"Extra Mile", an episode of Murphy's Law (UK TV series)

Printed material
The Extra Mile (book), a 1962 book of selected short stories by Ivy R. Doherty
The Extra Mile (magazine), a publication of Southern New Hampshire University
The Extra Mile: One Woman's Personal Journey to Ultra-Running Greatness, a book by Pam Reed
The Extra Mile: My Autobiography, a book by Kevin Sinfield published in March 2023 by one-club rugby league legend now defence coach for the England national rugby union team, who in recent years has shown heroism of a very different kind through his selfless and extraordinary fundraising for motor neurone disease

Other uses
Extra Mile Endurathon, a walking endurance event
Extra Mile Education Foundation, an educational charity founded 1989 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
 To go the extra mile, an idiom about the Roman mile meaning to do more than is required

See also
My Extra Mile, an episode of the TV series Scrubs
 Plus ultra (motto)
 "That Extra Mile", 1994 single by The Winans
 "That Extra Mile", 2004 single by Ricky (band)


Aspall and Thorndon  was a railway station on the Mid-Suffolk Light Railway. This station was located with Aspall to the south, Debenham 2.5 miles further south and Thorndon 3.5 miles to the north-west.

History

Opened by the Mid-Suffolk Light Railway, Aspall station was located eight miles from Haughley and had a similar sized building to Mendlesham but the station was the only one on the line not to have an open-fronted waiting room.

References

Comfort, N. A. (1986) The Mid-Suffolk Light Railway, The Oakwood Press.
Paye, P. (1986) The Mid-Suffolk Light Railway, Wild Swan Publications Ltd.

Disused railway stations in Suffolk
Former Mid-Suffolk Light Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1908
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1952
1908 establishments in England


KCVE-LP (92.3 FM) was a radio station broadcasting a Religious format. Licensed to Ventura, California, United States, the station served the Ventura County area. The station was owned by Calvary Chapel of Ventura. The license was cancelled by the FCC on May 26, 2009.

References

External links
 Query the FCC's FM station database for KCVE-LP

CVE-LP
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Defunct companies based in California
Radio stations disestablished in 2009
Radio stations established in 2005
2005 establishments in California
2009 disestablishments in California
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
CVE-LP


The Wildspitz is the highest summit of the  Rossberg, a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Zug and Schwyz. Reaching a height of 1,580 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit in the canton of Zug.

The Wildspitz is surrounded by three lakes: Lake Zug, Lake Lauerz and Lake Ägeri.

References

External links

 Wildspitz on Hikr

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Switzerland
Highest points of Swiss cantons
Mountains of the canton of Zug
One-thousanders of Switzerland


"Something in Your Mouth" is the second single and first promotional single released from Canadian rock band Nickelback's sixth studio album Dark Horse. The song was released as a digital download to the US iTunes Store on October 28, 2008. The song is much heavier than the first single "Gotta Be Somebody", and more like the rest of the album. It was officially released as the second single to rock radio only on December 15, 2008. The song was also used in the seventh film in the American Pie series—American Pie Presents: The Book of Love.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 singles
Nickelback songs
Song recordings produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Songs written by Chad Kroeger
2008 songs
Roadrunner Records singles
Songs written by Joey Moi


KOCC-LP (101.5 FM, "Worship 101") is a low-power FM radio station licensed to Oxnard, California and serving the Ventura County area. The station is owned by Calvary Chapel of Oxnard and broadcasts a Christian radio format featuring sermons and worship music.

KOCC-LP began operating in 2014.

References

External links

OCC-LP
Low-power FM radio stations in California


The Lori Berd Hydro Power Plant is a proposed hydroelectric power plant in the village of Lori Berd in Armenia's northern province of Lori along the Dzoraget River. It should have an installed electric capacity of .

See also

 Energy in Armenia

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Armenia


KCYC-LP (104.7 FM) is a radio station  broadcasting a country radio format. Licensed to Yuba City, California, United States. The station is currently owned by Sutter County Sheriff's Reserve Association.

Programing

Kickin' Country Top 20 Countdown with Charlee West
Country Drive
Country Fly

References

External links

CYC-LP
CYC-LP


Ego Tripping may refer to:

 Ego Trippin', a 2008 album by Snoop Dogg
 Ego Tripping at the Gates of Hell, a 2003 album by The Flaming Lips
 "Ego Trippin'", a 1986 song by Ultramagnetic MCs
 "Ego Trippin'" (Part Two), a 1994 song by De La Soul from the album Buhloone Mindstate
 "Ego Tripping (there may be a reason why)", a 1973 poem by Nikki Giovanni

See also
 Egotrip (disambiguation)
 Ego Trip (disambiguation)


KDRT-LP (95.7 FM) is a low powered radio station licensed to Davis, California, United States. The station is currently owned by Davis Community Television DBA Davis Media Access, who operate the public-access television DCTV for the City of Davis and the educational-access television channel DJUSD TV for the Davis Joint Unified School District.

See also
List of community radio stations in the United States

References

External links

DRT-LP
Community radio stations in the United States
DRT-LP


Ricard Pérez Casado (Valencia, 27 October 1945) is a Spanish politician and former mayor of Valencia who belongs to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Married with one son, Pérez studied Economic Science at University of Barcelona and graduated in Political and Social Science at Complutense University of Madrid before gaining a PhD in history from University of Valencia. During the Franco era he became involved in the Valencian Socialist Party (PSV) which later became linked to the PSOE. In 1979 he became mayor of Valencia, replacing Ferran Martínez Castellano who was expelled from the party after a dispute over abandoning the party's residual Marxism. Pérez was re-elected in 1983 and 1987, however he resigned in 1988 after disagreements with the local branch of the party.

In 1996 he served as European Union administrator for the Bosnian city of Mostar. He entered national politics in 2000 when he was elected to the national parliament as a deputy for Valencia but not stand in 2004. He has also served as vice-president of the Council of European Municipalities and Regions and currently serves on the Federal Committee of the PSOE.

External links
 Biography at Spanish Congress website

References

1945 births
Living people
Members of the 7th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
University of Barcelona alumni
Mayors of Valencia
Complutense University of Madrid alumni


KDUP (88.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Cedarville, California, United States. The station is owned by Surprise Valley Culture and Arts.

See also
List of community radio stations in the United States

References

External links

DUP
Community radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2008


Karl Anton or Karel Anton (25 October 1898  12 April 1979) was a Bohemian-born German film director, screenwriter and film producer.

Biography
He was born in Prague on 25 October 1898. His father Wilhelm Anton (1861–1918) was a physician. Anton studied medicine, but left the school after his father's death. He started as a stage actor and director in Vienna, Linz and Prague. During the World War I Anton made amateur documentaries with his friends Karel Lamač and Otto Heller.  He directed his first movie, a lyrical drama Gypsies, in 1921. Anton is considered an early proponent of Czech lyrical cinema tradition. He founded his own production companies Antonfilm (1923–30) and Sonorfilm (1930–32).

After the international success of Tonka of the Gallows he worked in Paris for Paramount Pictures from 1932 to 1935. After leaving Paramount he moved to Germany in 1935. He died in Berlin, Germany in 1979. Czech actor Raoul Schránil was his cousin.

Selected filmography

 Gypsies (1922)
 The Kidnapping of Fux the Banker (1923)
 The May Fairy (1926)
 Tonka of the Gallows (1930)
 A Girl from the Reeperbahn (1930)
 The Affair of Colonel Redl (1931)
 The Case of Colonel Redl (1931)
 Monsieur Albert (1932)
 Make-Up (1932)
 The Champion Cook (1932)
 The Naked Truth (1932)
 Number 33 (1933)
 Nothing But Lies (1933)
 The Porter from Maxim's (1933)
 Monsieur Sans-Gêne (1935)
 Happy Arenas (1935)
 White Slaves (1936)
 Martha (1936)
 We Danced Around the World (1939)
 The Star of Rio (1940)
 The Thing About Styx (1942)
 The Big Number (1943)
 Peter Voss, Thief of Millions (1946)
 Barry (1949)
 The Appeal to Conscience (1949)
 The Exchange (1952)
 The Cousin from Nowhere (1953)
 The Rose of Stamboul (1953)
 We'll Talk About Love Later (1953)
 Clivia (1954)
 Bonjour Kathrin (1956)
 The Daring Swimmer (1957)
 Victor and Victoria (1957)
 The Avenger (1960)

References

External links

1898 births
1979 deaths
20th-century German screenwriters
German male screenwriters
German film directors
Czechoslovak film directors
Czechoslovak male film actors
German male writers
German film editors
German Bohemian people
Silent film directors
Film directors from Prague
Czechoslovak emigrants to Germany


Christopher Stabb (born 12 October 1976) is an English footballer, who plays for Bradford Park Avenue.

Career
Born in Bradford, Chris Stabb began his footballing career in the Bradford City academy. In 1997, he moved to neighbours Farsley Celtic but joined Ossett Town in 1998. He re-joined Farsley Celtic in 2002 where he has played ever since.

He was the club's captain for a few years before fellow defender Carl Serrant took the armband. Stabb experienced the club's rise up the leagues featuring three promotions in four years. He missed the club's 2007–08 season in the Conference National due to a knee injury which threatened his future in football. Stabb made his return to the team on 14 September in a friendly against Sheffield United.

References

External links

1976 births
English men's footballers
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Farsley Celtic F.C. players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
English Football League players
Living people
Footballers from Bradford
Ossett Town A.F.C. players
Men's association football defenders


Pavel Aleksandrovich Kanunnikov () (June 2, 1898 in village Zolotovo, Bronnitsy Uyezd, Moscow Governorate – April 17, 1974 in Moscow) was a Soviet football player.

Honours
 RSFSR champion: 1922, 1928.

International career
Kanunnikov played his only game for USSR on May 15, 1925 in a friendly against Turkey.

External links
  Profile

1898 births
1974 deaths
Russian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Soviet Union men's international footballers
FC Spartak Moscow players

Men's association football forwards


KEAL (106.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish radio format. Licensed to Taft, California, United States. The station is currently owned by Lazer Licenses, LLC.

References

External links

EAL
Radio stations established in 1977


KEFC-LP (100.5 FM) is a radio station  broadcasting a Christian contemporary radio format. Licensed to Turlock, California, United States. The station is currently owned by Crossroads Church of Turlock.

References

External links

EFC-LP
EFC-LP


Bascom Maple Farms, Inc., is a privately held company based at the Bascom Maple Farm in Acworth, New Hampshire, with a mailing address of Alstead, New Hampshire. Officers of the company include President Bruce Bascom and Vice-Presidents David Bascom and Kevin Bascom.

The company is one of the largest independent maple wholesalers in the United States, as well as the country's largest distributor of new and used sugaring equipment to maple farmers and sugar houses. Bascom Maple Farms is one of the top four maple syrup processors in the United States and also buys, produces, bottles and sells pure maple syrup and maple sugar.

The Bascom family began producing maple syrup in 1853 and has operated commercial syrup production and maple packing facilities for over 40 years. Its division Bascom Family Farms is the largest independent supplier of pure and organic maple syrup and maple sugar products.

Kenneth Bascom, who was instrumental in bringing the Bascom Farm maple products to the forefront of the industry, was inducted into the American Maple Hall of Fame in 1994. In 2010, Bruce Bascom was also honored by the North American Maple Syrup Council with induction into the Maple Hall of Fame, headquartered at the International Maple Museum Centre in Croghan, New York. Kenneth Bascom and his son Bruce are one of only three father-son inductions honored in the Maple Hall of Fame.

Author Douglas Whynott records some of Bascom Maple Farms' history in his 2014 book The Sugar Season.

References

External links
 Official website
  International Maple Museum Centre

Farms in New Hampshire
Agriculture in New Hampshire
Agriculture companies of the United States
Companies based in Cheshire County, New Hampshire
Privately held companies based in New Hampshire
Farms in the United States


Svinařov is a municipality and village in Kladno District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

Etymology
The name was most likely derived from cattle breeding or wine growing for the needs of the nearby gord of Libušín.

Geography
Svinařov is located about  northwest of Kladno and  northwest of Prague. The eastern part of the municipal territory lies in the Prague Plateau, the western part lies in the Džbán range. The highest point is at  above sea level. The Svinařovský Brook flows through the municipality.

History
The first written mention of Svinařov is from 1328, when the village was sold by Bořita of Ředhošt to the Vyšehrad Chapter. It is probable that there was some kind of settlement much earlier thanks to an archaeological research carried out in a nearby town of Libušín which proved that the area was inhabited in the 6th–7th centuries. The existence of Svinařov was closely connected with the gord of Libušín. Svinařov served as a supplier of agricultural products to the gord.

There was a fortress built around 1330. The owner of Svinařov, Vyšehrad Chapter, used to hire out the Svinařov to different tenants till the reign of Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, when the village was sold. Some years later it became a part of property of the Martinic family and was annexed to their Smečno estate, which remained so until the 19th century. The family of Martinic gradually became one of the richest and most powerful noble families in the Czech kingdom. In 1885, Svinařov village separated from Libušín and became a sovereign municipality.

Most people there earned their living in agriculture, but this changed in the second half of the 19th century with the discovery of coal in the region. Many people from all around the country started to move in and the village started to expand. Most people were therefore employed in the coal industry until the mines closed down in 2002.

Demographics

Transport
Svinařov is connected with the nearby municipalities by bus.

Sights
There are no cultural monuments in the municipality.

Notable people
Václav Mrázek (1925–1957), serial killer

References

External links

Villages in Kladno District


KINS-FM (106.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Blue Lake, California, United States, the station is currently owned by Eureka Broadcasting Co., Inc. and features programming from CBS Radio Network.

References

External links

INS-FM
Mass media in Humboldt County, California


KEQP-LP (106.9 FM) was a radio station broadcasting a religious radio format. Formerly licensed to Modesto, California, United States, the station was owned by Calvary Chapel of Modesto, Inc.

On September 24, 2012, the Calvary Chapel of Modesto surrendered the license for KEQP-LP to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The FCC cancelled the station's license on October 5, 2012, and deleted its call sign from their database.

References

External links

EQP-LP
EQP-LP
Radio stations disestablished in 2012
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
2012 disestablishments in California
EQP-LP


A Cypress forest is a western United States plant association typically dominated by one or more cypress species. Example species comprising the canopy include Cupressus macrocarpa. In some cases these forests have been severely damaged by goats, cattle and other grazing animals. While cypress species are clearly dominant within a Cypress forest, other trees such as California Buckeye, Aesculus californica, are found in some Cypress forests.

Examples
The Guadalupe Island Cypress Forest is situated on Guadalupe Island, offshore from Baja California. This forest was greatly destroyed by the introduction of grazing goats, but conservation biology efforts have been conducted to assist in restoring the forest.

Another example on the Pacific Coast mainland of Northern California is the Sargent's cypress Forest, located in coastal Marin County, California.

See also
 Pygmy forest

Line notes

References
 Marlene A. Rodriguez-Malagon, Alejandro Hinojosa Corona, Alfonso Aguirre-Munoz and Cesar Garcia Gutierrez The Guadalupe Island Forest Recovery Track
 C.Michael Hogan (2008) Aesculus californica, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. N. Strӧmberg
 Sargent Forest of Marin County, California
 USGS Bolinas Quadrangle Map, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Forests


The Schnebelhorn is a mountain located near Fischenthal in the Töss Valley, between the cantons of Zurich (west) and St. Gallen (east). It is the highest summit of the canton of Zurich.

Various trails lead to the summit from all sides. Most of the massif is covered by forests.

References

External links

 Schnebelhorn on Hikr
 From Toggenburg to the highest Point of Canton Zürich MySwitzerland.com

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Switzerland
Highest points of Swiss cantons
Mountains of the canton of Zürich
Appenzell Alps
St. Gallen–Zürich border


Sint-Amandsberg is a sub-municipality of Ghent, Belgium. The municipality was formed in 1872 after splitting from Oostakker.

It is served by the Bus and train station of Gent Dampoort on the Ghent Antwerp NMBS/SNCB line.

During the First World War, on 7 June 1915, the German airschip LZ37 crashed after being destroyed by Reginald Warneford. A street was named Reginald Warnefordstraat on the spot where the airship crashed.

Campo Santo
In the Center is the famous Campo Santo, a Catholic burial site. The chapel on the hill was erected by Philips Erard van der Noot.

References

External links

Sub-municipalities of Ghent
Populated places in East Flanders


Millennium (formerly Millennium Roller Coaster) is a roller coaster at Fantasy Island in Ingoldmells, United Kingdom. It was built by Vekoma, a Dutch roller coaster manufacturer, to celebrate the arrival of the new millennium but despite its name, was opened in May 2000. It was Fantasy Island's first "Extreme Thrill Ride", and circles the park's signature pyramid structure.

Layout and operation
Constructed - and correspondingly named - ahead of the new millennium in 1999, the ride features a vertical loop, a sidewinder and an additional vertical loop. It finishes in a low helix, which swoops down to a level just above head height of those in the amusement park, frequently startling the unsuspecting public. Some of Millennium's track is intertwined with The Odyssey's track supports, providing some Headchoppers especially when near the Odyssey's supports.

Like the adjacent Odyssey rollercoaster, Millennium is also affected by high winds (though not as significantly as the Odyssey) and so in the case of bad weather or high winds Millennium may not operate.

With a top speed of 55.9 mph, it is the seventh fastest roller coaster in the UK. It is also the fourth tallest British roller coaster, with a maximum height of 45.5 metres.

For years its striking yellow and red paintwork could be seen from several miles away. For the 2018 season opening the ride was given a new train and completely repainted. The track is now purple with green supports and the queue line is now in the Pyramd complex and features LED strip lights down both sides.

In 2011, a man continuously rode Millennium 140 times over two days in order to raise fund for charity.

References

External links
Official Site For Fantasy Island
Millennium on Fantasy Islanders
Millennium Roller Coaster On T-Park

Roller coasters in the United Kingdom
Tourist attractions in Lincolnshire
Roller coasters introduced in 1999


Reavis may refer to:

People with the surname
 C. Frank Reavis (1870–1832), American politician from Nebraska
 C. J. Reavis (born 1995), American football player
 Charles G. Reavis (born 1892), American politician from North Carolina
 Dave Reavis (born 1950), American football player
 Hattie King Reavis, American singer, song writer, and theater performer
 Isham Reavis (1836–1914), American jurist
 James Reavis (1843–1914), the Baron of Arizona, a 19th-century forger and fraudster
 James Bradley Reavis (1848–1912), justice of the Washington Supreme Court
 Perri Stauffer Reavis, former radio presenter for KLTY, actress most recently co-star in Reflect and The Sweepers.
 Phil Reavis, (1936), American athlete
 Rafi Reavis (born 1977), a Filipino-American professional basketball player
 Wade Reavis (born 1876), American politician from North Carolina
 Waylon Reavis (born 1978), an American metal vocalist

People with the given name
 Reavis L. Mitchell Jr., American historian
 Reavis Z. Wortham, American writer

Other
 HB Reavis, European real estate development company
 Reavis High School in Burbank, Illinois
 Reavis Falls in Arizona


KFOK-LP (95.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Georgetown, California, United States. The station is currently owned by American River Folk Society.

See also
List of community radio stations in the United States

References

External links

FOK-LP
Community radio stations in the United States
FOK-LP
Radio stations established in 2001


Aleksei Konstantinovich Karakosov (; 1890–1917) was a Russian footballer. He was born in Saint Petersburg and killed in World War I.

International career
Karakosov played his only game for Russia on 4 May 1913 in a friendly against Sweden. In the 75th minute the Russian goalkeeper Dmitri Matrin was injured. Substitutions were not yet allowed, so Karakosov, a midfielder, had to take Matrin's place in goal. He let in two goals.

External links
  Profile

1890 births
1917 deaths
Men's footballers from the Russian Empire
Russian Empire men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Russian military personnel killed in World War I


Kurt Ulrich (28 June 1905 – 11 September 1967) was a German film producer. He produced more than 140 films between 1933 and 1964. He was born in Berlin, Germany.

Selected filmography

 Everything for a Woman (1935)
 Every Day Isn't Sunday (1935)
 The Unfaithful Eckehart (1940)
 Peter Voss, Thief of Millions (1946)
 Nothing But Coincidence (1949)
  One Night Apart (1950)
 The Heath Is Green (1951)
 Mikosch Comes In (1952)
 The Land of Smiles (1952)
 At the Well in Front of the Gate (1952)
 When The Village Music Plays on Sunday Nights (1953)
 Hooray, It's a Boy! (1953)
 When the White Lilacs Bloom Again (1953)
 The Bird Seller (1953)
 Love is Forever (1954)
 The Gypsy Baron (1954)
 On the Reeperbahn at Half Past Midnight (1954)
  Emil and the Detectives (1954)
 The Happy Village (1955)
 Yes, Yes, Love in Tyrol (1955)
 The Three from the Filling Station (1955)
 Black Forest Melody (1956)
 The Legs of Dolores (1957)
 Spring in Berlin (1957)
 The Fox of Paris (1957)
 Peter Voss, Thief of Millions (1958)
 It Happened Only Once (1958)
 Iron Gustav (1958)
 The Muzzle (1958)
 The Copper (1958)
 The Crammer (1958)
  That's No Way to Land a Man (1959)
 Paradise for Sailors (1959)
 The Man Who Walked Through the Wall (1959)
 Every Day Isn't Sunday (1959)
 Peter Voss, Hero of the Day (1959)
 Old Heidelberg (1959)
 The Avenger (1960)
 The Juvenile Judge (1960)
 Das Kunstseidene Mädchen (1960)
 The Last Witness (1960)
 Three Men in a Boat (1961)
 You Must Be Blonde on Capri (1961)
 The Gypsy Baron (1962)

References

External links

1905 births
1967 deaths
Film people from Berlin
German film producers


KFSC-LP (94.1 FM) was a radio station licensed to broadcast in Visalia, California, United States.

KFSC-LP's license was cancelled on December 1, 2013, for failing to file an application for renewal with the Federal Communications Commission. The station was owned by Friends of Radio Grito/Proyecto Campesino.

References

External links

Defunct radio stations in the United States
FSC-LP
FSC-LP
Radio stations disestablished in 2013
Defunct community radio stations in the United States
2013 disestablishments in California
FSC-LP


Howard C. Nusbaum (, born 1954) is professor at the University of Chicago, United States in the Department of Psychology and its College, and a steering committee member of the Neuroscience Institute. Nusbaum is an internationally recognized expert in cognitive psychology, speech science, and in the new field of social neuroscience. Nusbaum investigates the cognitive and neural mechanisms that mediate spoken language use, as well as language learning and the role of attention in speech perception. In addition, he investigates how we understand the meaning of music, and how cognitive and social-emotional processes interact in decision-making.

Background
Nusbaum went to Brandeis University, Massachusetts, and obtained a B.A. in psychology and computer science in 1976. He was awarded Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) from SUNY at Buffalo (New York) in 1981. He then worked as a research associate at Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana), and joined the University of Chicago in 1986, where he is a professor. He served as Chair of the psychology department from 1997-2010. Nusbaum is the co-director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience.

Howard Nusbaum has one daughter (Rebecca), and he is married to Anne Henly, the Director of the undergraduate research initiative in psychology at the University of Chicago social science collegiate division. They live in Hyde Park, Chicago with their two Newfoundland boys, Newton and Otto.

Academic achievements
Nusbaum's scientific endeavor focuses on cognition and social neuroscience, with an emphasis on spoken language, because it is one of the primary ways by which humans interact. Nusbaum's research is concerned with understanding the psychological and neural mechanisms that mediate the use of language and that guide much of human interaction. His work on spoken language processing has emphasized the role of learning and attention and working memory using a number of techniques including functional neuroimaging, psychophysiological, and behavioral measures.

Much of Nusbaum's research is on the mechanisms of speech perception and production but recent studies have also examined the development of concepts, emotional processing, and social interaction. Notably, Nusbaum has examined the role of sleep in consolidating perceptual learning of speech sounds, the cortical mechanisms that mediate perception of audio-visual speech, the role of gesture in production and comprehension of speech, and how listeners adjust to differences among talkers.

Current research projects involve understanding the ability of non-human animals to learn language-like structure, examining the role of sleep in illusory memory and perceptuo-motor learning, the processing of emotional information in lonely people, how we use different dimensions of speech to refer to events, how our expectations change the way we understand sensory information. Nusbaum is also involved in interdisciplinary studies in the new field of neuroeconomics. He served as the principal investigator on various John Templeton grants aiming to develop scholarly investigations into the nature, cultivation, benefits and applications of wisdom.

Nusbaum contribution to speech research
Despite several decades of concerted effort, research in speech perception has yet to crack the "lack of invariance" problem: there is a many-to-many mapping between the acoustic patterns and percepts. The acoustic signature of a particular phoneme changes as a function of phonetic context, speaking rate, physical characteristics of talkers, dialect, acoustic environment, and so on. How listeners achieve "phonetic constancy" despite these sources of variability largely remains a mystery. The modal approach has been to search for invariant cues that have somehow been missed—that is, to hypothesize that there is no lack of invariance problem aside from the fact that researchers have not discovered how to detect invariant cues available to listeners.

Nusbaum has taken a distinctly contrary position, assuming that the lack of invariance is real rather than apparent, and that the basis for phonetic constancy lies in the processing mechanisms of human speech perception. Nusbaum's early work pioneered the application of cognitive psychological theories of attention and memory to problems in speech perception., Nusbaum's more recent research uses functional neuroimaging techniques to further explore these issues. For instance, he has demonstrated that increased activity in a temporal-parietal network is associated with increased task demands in a multi-talker context, and that the time-course of relative activity in auditory and motor area during perception of the McGurk effect is consistent with a model of speech perception in which visual-motor information serves as a kind of feedback to augment (and potentially supplant) auditory representations of speech sounds.

His work has also shown that two dissociable networks underlie the use of context in sentence recognition, and that sleep serves an important role in the consolidation of generalizations of phonetic knowledge learned opportunistically through exposure to an unfamiliar talker.

Society memberships
Association for Psychological Science; Society for Neuroscience; Cognitive Science Society; Psychonomic Society; Associate Member of the Acoustical Society of America.

Selected work
 Hoeckner, B., Wyatt, E., Decety, J., & Nusbaum, H. C. (2011). Film music influences how viewers relate to movie characters. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5, 146-153.
 Fenn, K. M., Shintel, H., Atkins, A. S., Skipper, J. I., Bond, V. C., Nusbaum, H. C. (2011).  When less is heard than meets the ear:  change deafness in a telephone conversation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 1442-1456.
 Margoliash, D., & Nusbaum, H. C. (2009). Language: the perspective from organismal biology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 505-510.
 M., Gallo, D. A., Margoliash, D., Roediger III, H. L., & Nusbaum, H. C. (2009).  Reduced false memory after sleep.  Learning & Memory, 16, 509-513.
 Monteleone, G. T., Phan, K. L., Nusbaum, H. C., Fitzgerald, D., Hawkley, L. C., Irick, J. S., Fienberg, S. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). Detection of deception using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Well above chance, though well below perfection. Social Neuroscience, 2, 1-11.
 Beilock, S.L., Lyons, I.M., Mattarella-Micke, A., Nusbaum, H.C., & Small, S.L. (2008). Sports experience changes the neural processing of action language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A., 105, 13269-73.
 Norris, C., Decety, J., Nusbaum, H. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). In the eye of the beholder: Individual differences in perceived social isolation predict regional brain activation to social stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1-10.
 Hasson, U., Skipper, J. I., Nusbaum, H. C., & Small, S. L. (2007). Abstract coding of audiovisual speech: beyond sensory representation. Neuron, 56, 1116-1126.
 Shintel, H., & Nusbaum, H. C. (2007). The sound of motion in spoken language: Visual information conveyed by acoustic properties of speech. Cognition, 105, 681-690.

Books
 Schwab, E. C., & Nusbaum, H. C. (Eds.). Pattern recognition by humans and machines: Volume 1, Speech Perception. New York: Academic Press, 1986.
 Schwab, E. C., & Nusbaum, H. C. (Eds.). Pattern recognition by humans and machines: Volume 2, Visual Perception. New York: Academic Press, 1986.
 Goodman, J. C., & Nusbaum, H. C. (Eds.). The development of speech perception:  The transition from speech sounds to spoken words. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1994.
 Cacioppo, J.T., Tassinary, L. G., & Berntson, G. (Eds.). Methodology Section editor for The Handbook of Psychophysiology. Boston: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

See also
 Affective neuroscience
 Cognitive psychology
 Music psychology
 Neuroeconomics
 Neuroscience
 Neuropharmacology
 Speech
 Sleep
 Social neuroscience

References

External links

University of Chicago Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience
University of Chicago Faculty
University of Chicago Department of Psychology
Neuroscience at the University of Chicago
University of Chicago Quantrell Awards
The Chicago Wisdom Project
A New Science of Virtues

American cognitive neuroscientists
Speech perception researchers
Brandeis University alumni
Stony Brook University alumni
University of Chicago faculty
Living people
1954 births
University at Buffalo alumni


KIHP-LP (96.5 FM) was a radio station broadcasting a religious radio format. Licensed to Shasta Lake, California, United States, the station was owned by Gateway Unified School District.

The school district surrendered the station's license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on January 29, 2018. The FCC cancelled the license and deleted the KIHP-LP call sign on January 31, 2018.

References

External links

IHP-LP
IHP-LP
Radio stations established in 2005
2005 establishments in California
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
Radio stations disestablished in 2018
2018 disestablishments in California
Defunct radio stations in the United States
IHP-LP


Sint-Kruis-Winkel is a sub-municipality of Ghent, Belgium.

External links

Sub-municipalities of Ghent
Populated places in East Flanders


The blue acara (Andinoacara pulcher) is a colorful freshwater fish in the cichlid family. This fish can be found in various freshwater habitats, ranging from standing water to flowing streams, in Venezuela and Trinidad. They can reach lengths of . The scientific species name is indicative to its looks; pulcher meaning "beautiful" in Latin. The blue acara is a common cichlid sold in many aquarium stores, and is sometimes confused with the larger green terror (A. rivulatus).

The body of the blue acara is stocky and compact with a steel blue-gray coloration. Noticeable horizontal green lines occur on their faces and their blueish-green scales give them a sparkling appearance. They also have long, flowing fins with a hint of orange to the tips.

Blue acaras natively live in a tropical climate and prefer water with a pH of 6.5-8.0, a water hardness of 25° dGH, and a water temperature of .

Description

The blue acara normally grows to around , but can reach up to .
The body is compact and stocky, while the fins are long and flowing, with a rounder head than on similar cichlids.

The main body colour can vary from browns to blues to black due to local diversity. The body is decorated with five to eight vertical black stripes (which may not always be distinctly visible) and blue iridescent spots, and the face sports a few horizontal green lines. The fins have a hint of orange on the tips and some specimens have a red topfin rim. A distinctive black line is present going from the eye down the cheek; this one line is not found on other similar cichlids.

Taxonomy
Formerly placed in the genus Aequidens, this species was moved to Andinoacara in 2009.

References

Blue acara
Fish of South America
Fish of Trinidad and Tobago
Fish described in 1858
Taxa named by Theodore Gill


Diamond Valley may refer to:

Places

Australia
 Diamond Valley, Queensland, a rural locality
 Division of Diamond Valley, Victoria
 Shire of Diamond Valley, a former local government area in Victoria

Canada
 Diamond Valley, Alberta, a town formed via the amalgamation of the towns of Black Diamond and Turner Valley

United States
 Diamond Valley (California), a valley in the Plains of Leon in Riverside County, California
 Diamond Valley Lake, a reservoir in Riverside County, California
 Diamond Valley (Nevada)
 Diamond Valley (Washington County, Utah)

Other uses
 Diamond Valley College, a public co-educational school in Diamond Creek, Victoria, Australia
 Diamond Valley United SC, a soccer club based in Greensborough, Victoria
 Diamond Valley Football League, former name of the Northern Football Netball League, Diamond Creek, Victoria
 Diamond Valley Railway, a ridable miniature railway at Eltham Lower Park, Eltham, Victoria


KGGV-LP (95.1 FM) was a non-commercial all volunteer community radio station broadcasting music, news, and discussion forums. Licensed to Guerneville, California, United States, the station is owned by Multi Media Educational Foundation.

References

External links

GGV-LP
GGV-LP
Mass media in Sonoma County, California
Community radio stations in the United States


Benny Chan may refer to:

Benny Chan (actor) (born 1969), Hong Kong actor and singer
Benny Chan (filmmaker) (1961–2020), Hong Kong film director, producer and writer

See also
Ben Chan (born 1975), Hong Kong politician
Benjamin Chan, American biologist


The Salish or Séliš language , also known as Kalispel–Pend d'oreille, Kalispel–Spokane–Flathead, or Montana Salish to distinguish it from other Salishan languages, is a Salishan language spoken (as of 2005) by about 64 elders of the Flathead Nation in north central Montana and of the Kalispel Indian Reservation in northeastern Washington state, and by another 50 elders (as of 2000) of the Spokane Indian Reservation of Washington. As of 2012, Salish is "critically endangered" in Montana and Idaho according to UNESCO.

Dialects are spoken by the Spokane (Npoqínišcn), Kalispel (Qalispé), Pend d'Oreilles, and Bitterroot Salish (Séliš). The total ethnic population was 8,000 in 1977, but most have switched to English.

As is the case of many other languages of northern North America, Salish is polysynthetic; like other languages of the Mosan language area, it does not make a clear distinction between nouns and verbs. Salish is famous for native translations that treat all lexical Salish words as verbs or clauses in English—for instance, translating a two-word Salish clause that would appear to mean "I-killed a-deer" into English as I killed it. It was a deer.

Language revitalization
Salish is taught at the Nkwusm Salish Immersion School, in Arlee, Montana. Public schools in Kalispell, Montana offer language classes, a language nest, and intensive training for adults. An online Salish Language Tutor and online Kalispel Salish curriculum are available. A dictionary, "Seliš nyoʔnuntn: Medicine for the Salish Language,"  was expanded from 186 to 816 pages in 2009; children's books and language CDs are also available.

Salish Kootenai College offers Salish language courses, and trains Salish language teachers at its Native American Language Teacher Training Institute as a part of its ongoing efforts to preserve the language. As of May 2013, the organization Yoyoot Skʷkʷimlt ("Strong Young People") is teaching language classes in high schools.

Salish-language Christmas carols are popular for children's holiday programs, which have been broadcast over the Salish Kootenai College television station, and Salish-language karaoke has become popular at the annual Celebrating Salish Conference, held in Spokane, Washington.
As of 2013, many signs on U.S. Route 93 in the Flathead Indian Reservation were including the historic Salish and Kutenai names for towns, rivers, and streams, and the Missoula City Council was seeking input from the Salish-Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee regarding appropriate Salish-language signage for the City of Missoula.

Phonology

Salish

Vowels
Salish has five vowels, , plus an epenthetic schwa  which occurs between an obstruent and a sonorant consonant, or between two unlike sonorants. (Differences in glottalization do not cause epenthesis, and in long sequences not all pairs are separated, for example in  →  "tale",  →  "red raspberry", and  →  "toilet". No word may begin with a vowel.

Consonants
Salish has pharyngeal consonants, which are rare worldwide and uncommon but not unusual in the Mosan Sprachbund to which Salish belongs. It is also unusual in lacking a simple lateral approximant and simple velar consonants ( only occurs in loanwords), though again this is known elsewhere in the Mosan area.

The post-velars are normally transcribed as uvular consonants: .

Salish contrasts affricates with stop–fricative sequences. For example,  "tender, sore" has a sequence of two affricates, whereas  "killdeer" has a tee-esh sequence. All stop consonants are clearly released, even in clusters or word-finally. Though they are generally not aspirated, aspiration often occurs before obstruents and epenthetic schwas before sonorants. For example, the word  "a fat little belly" is pronounced ; likewise,  "woodtick" is pronounced , and  is .

Spokane

Vowels
Spokane vowels show five contrasts: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/ and /u/, but almost all examples of /a/ and /o/ are lowered from /e/ and /u/, respectively, when those precede uvulars, or precede or follow pharyngeals. Unstressed vowels are inserted to break up certain consonant clusters, with the vowel quality determined by the adjacent consonants. The epenthetic vowel is often realized as /ə/, but also /ɔ/ before rounded uvulars, and /ɪ/ before alveolars and palatals.

Consonants
The consonant inventory of Spokane differs from Salish somewhat, including plain and glottalized central alveolar approximants  and , and a uvular series instead of post-velar.

Stress

Spokane words are polysynthetic, typically based on roots with CVC(C) structure, plus many affixes. There is one main stress in each word, though the location of stress is determined in a complex way (Black 1996).

Morphology
OC:out-of-control morpheme reduplication
SUCCESS:success aspect morpheme

Given its polysynthetic nature, Salish-Spokane-Kalispel encodes meaning in single morphemes rather than lexical items. In the Spokane dialect specifically, the morphemes ¬–nt and –el', denote transitivity and intransitivity, respectively. Meaning, they show whether or not a verb takes a direct object or it does not. For example, in (1) and (2), the single morphemes illustrate these properties rather than it being encoded in the verb as it is in English.

Something that is unique to the Spokane dialect is the SUCCESS aspect morpheme: -nu. The SUCCESS marker allows the denotation that the act took more effort than it normally would otherwise. In (3) and (4) we can see this particular transformation.

The SUCCESS aspect and an OUT-OF-CONTROL morpheme reduplication, found in other Native languages, are commonly found together in Spokane Salish. An OUT-OF-CONTROL reduplication morpheme denotes that the action was done by accident. Below, (5), (6) and (7) exemplify this.

The intransitive morpheme that describes extra effort is –el'. Barry Carlson states that:

"Spokane intransitive success forms, created with -el', emphasize that a subject's control requires extra effort in an event and they focus the duration of this effort well before the event beginning. This makes the predication a result. Thus, their true meaning can only be seen in a larger context."

That is to say, that for intransitive instances it is context driven and therefore extra context is needed in order to use the morpheme –el'. Example (8) derived from (1) illustrates this:

References

 "Phonetic Structures of Montana Salish". Flemming, Ladefoged, & Thomason, 1994. In UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 87: Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages II
 Carlson, Barry. "Situation aspect and a Spokane control morpheme." International Journal of American Linguistics (1996): 59-69.

Further reading

 Giorda, Joseph, and Gregory Mengarini. A Dictionary of the Kalispel or Flat-Head Indian Language. [St. Ignatius]: St. Ignatius Print, Montana, 1877. (Information on how its transcription does not fully indicate pronunciation).
 Post, John A., and Brenda J. Speck. An Edition of Father Post's Kalispel Grammar. Missoula: University of Montana, 1980.
 Vogt, Hans. The Kalispel Language, An Outline of the Grammar with Text, Translations and Dictionary. Oslo: I kommisjon hos J. Dybwad, 1940.

External links

 Nkwusm Salish Language Revitalization Institute
 Seliš u Qlispé Nuwewlštn, The Salish & Pend d'Oreille Comprehensive, Sequenced Language Curriculum
 Char-Koosta News Salish lessons
 Salish language, Kalispel Tribe website, written and audio online course

 Seliš Nuwewlštn, A Beginning Course in Salish & Pend d'Oreille Dialect, Salish Institute, Flashcards, Snʔawʔawtn 2: Level 2, Book 2
 Language of the Kalispel, Gonzaga University
 Spokane Salish Blog

Salish language books and CDs, from Nkwusm

OLAC resources in and about the Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille language

Vocabulary and dictionaries
 Salish Words , Salish/Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee
 Sounds of the Kalispel, English-Kalispel
 Learn Spokane Salish Picture Dictionary
 Dictionaries, Language of the Kalispel, 1800s
 English to Salish Dictionary, 2005

Salish language flashcard decks

Audio
 Salish Audio, Salish-Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee
 Montana Salish (Flathead), UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive
 Flathead-Kalispel language - Audio Bible stories and lessons

Video
 Salish Language Salish Kootenai College
 Nkwusm Salish Language School YouTube channel
 Salish stories, from Seliš Nuwewlštn, A Beginning Course in Salish & Pend d'Oreille Dialect

Interior Salish languages
Indigenous languages of Montana
Native American language revitalization
Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas


KGDM-LP (105.3 FM) is a radio station  broadcasting a contemporary Christian radio format. Licensed to Merced, California, United States. The station is currently owned by Calvary Chapel of Merced.

Historically, KGDM was an AM broadcast station in Stockton, CA, operating on 1140 kHz with a power of 5 kW.  It was a CBS network affiliate.  The station was relocated to Sacramento in the late 1950s; callsign was changed to KRAK, and power increased to 50 KW.  (cf White's Radio Log, various editions).

References

External links

GDM-LP
Mass media in Merced County, California
KGDM-LP
GDM-LP


The Meghri hydroelectric project (also known as the Meghri Dam or Aras Watershed Dam) is a hydroelectric project planned on the Aras River near Armenia's southern town of Meghri on the Armenia–Iran border.

The joint Iranian–Armenia project was proposed in the 1990s and was discussed between Iranian and Armenian authorities.  Intergovernmental agreements between Armenia and Iran were signed in 2007 and 2008.  On 14 April 2009, energy ministries of Armenia and Iran signed a memorandum on financing construction of the Meghri power station of Armenian side.  The dam and power stations construction contract was signed on 16 October 2010 with Farab Sepasad Company. A ceremony on 17 November 2012, attended by Iran's Minister of Energy and the Armenian President, officially began construction.

The basic studies were carried out by Arm-Hydroenergo-Project Company and Mahab-E-Qods Consulting Engineers Company in 1999.  The Meghri station was to be operated by Iran for 15 years after which it will be returned to Armenia free of charge.
However, construction has been delayed.  As of 2017, the Armenian government’s Deputy Minister of Energy Infrastructures and Natural Resources Hayk Harutyunyanays said
"Although the agreement has long been in force, the Iranian company has not made any investments to this day, so the governments of Armenia and Iran have to look for another investor."
The project is expected to cost US$400 million.

Power stations
The complex was planned to comprise two  hydroelectric power stations — Ghare Chiler (also transcribed Gharachilar or Karachinar) on the Iranian side and Meghri on Armenia side.  Due to the sufficient difference in elevation and the presence of Aras Dam on the upstream, the power stations will be run-of-river type, wherein water is taken into pipes at a high elevation, carried downslope to powerhouses at lower elevation, then discharged back to the river.  Both power station were conceived to have two turbines with a capacity of  each.  Revised study of river flows now indicates total Meghri generation capacity would be approximately 100 MW.

See also

 Aras Dam
 Energy in Armenia
 List of power stations in Iran

References

Dams in Armenia
Dams in Iran
Armenia–Iran relations


Scruton railway station is a restored railway station on the Wensleydale Railway that serves the village of Scruton, in North Yorkshire, England.

History
Opened by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway on 6 March 1848 as "Scruton Lane", it was renamed "Scruton" not long afterwards. The station became part of the London and North Eastern Railway upon the railway grouping of 1923 before being taken over by British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was closed to passenger traffic by British Railways on 26 April 1954, with goods traffic continuing until 7 May 1956.

Present day
Despite the station's closure, the line remained open for limestone traffic until 1992 after which it was taken over by the Wensleydale Railway which obtained a lease of the  from Northallerton to .

By the time the Wensleydale Railway opened in 2003, Scruton station was a dilapidated and overgrown state. Restoration works were undertaken with the support of Scruton Parish Council and a grant from the Railway Heritage Trust. After completion of the restoration of the structure of the buildings and re-roofing, the Wensleydale Railway signed a sublease with Scruton Parish Council on 27 April 2011 which passed the responsibility for maintaining and restoring the building to the Wensleydale Railway Trust.

On 26 April 2014, Scruton station reopened to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the line's closure to passenger services. A special reopening service was run with Leyland railbus LEV1. By November 2014, although restoration of the building was virtually complete a short length of platform was required for construction to bring it into compliance with modern regulations which require platforms to be at least . The station did not operate until the Wensleydale's eastern terminus at  was completed and opened to the public on 22 November 2014.

The station, along with that at , was closed in August 2016 following a collision between a train and a car at a level crossing near Yafforth. Scruton station has since reopened and is currently the eastern terminus of the Wensleydale Railway. The station is only served on select operating days and is home to the railway's "Living History Experience".

References

Notes

Sources

External links

 Scruton station on navigable 1947 O. S. map
 YouTube Video of Scruton Railway Station
 YouTube video of the platform extension

Heritage railway stations in North Yorkshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1954
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2014
Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
1848 establishments in England


Massaro House is an architecturally significant residence on privately owned Petre Island in Lake Mahopac, New York, roughly 50 miles north of New York city.  Inspired by famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright, the home's design and construction have had a complex and controversial history. Wright's plan was initially known as the "Chahroudi House", for the client who commissioned it back in 1949, and for whom Wright designed and built a much smaller cottage on the island when his proposal for the main home proved prohibitively expensive for the local engineer.

In 1996 sheet metal contractor Frank Massaro acquired Petre island and the long dormant drawings for the main home.  In developing a plan to construct the home with numerous modifications, including some reflecting improved systems and technologies, a conflict arose over the project's authenticness with the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, which successfully legally disputed Massaro's right to refer to the structure as a Wright design.

Due to the subsequent out-of-court settlement between Massaro and the foundation the home can only be described as being "inspired by Wright" rather than a faithfully rendered, certified Wright design.

Concept
In 1949, architect Frank Lloyd Wright received a commission from engineer Ahmed Chahroudi to build a house on a  island he owned in Lake Mahopac, Petre (alternatively spelled "Petra", from the Latin for "rock", reflecting the prominence where the home was to be constructed). Chahroudi would later state that during a lunch meeting with Wright and Edgar Kaufmann, the owner of Wright's celebrated Fallingwater, the architect told Kaufmann: "When I finish the house on the island, it will surpass your Fallingwater".

Wright worked on designing a one-story,  house for three months, but the project was cancelled when Chahroudi realized he would not be able to afford either the $50,000 budget that Wright envisioned for the home or a second more modest version he requested. Instead, he had Wright build a three bedroom  guest cottage the architect had designed for the island (known today as the A. K. Chahroudi Cottage), later occupying it with his family as a summer retreat.

Design
In 1996, Petre Island was purchased for US$700,000 by Joseph Massaro, a sheet metal contractor. Though he had seen the original Chahroudi commission drawings for the main home years earlier, he initially intended merely to restore the island's Wright-designed guest cottage.

Massaro received Wright's main house renderings as part of the purchase of the island.  In spite of the three months that Wright had put into design work on the structure, all that survived were five drawings: a floor plan with ideas for built-in and stand-alone furniture, a building section, and three elevations. Massaro hired Thomas A. Heinz, an architect and Wright historian, to complete the unfinished design.

Heinz employed Archicad Building Information Modeling (BIM) software to model aspects of Wright's design not self-evident in the original renderings.  His design also provided updated heating and cooling solutions such as air conditioning and radiant heating that were not part of the original Wright concept. The design as built features chimney caps — to which Wright characteristically took exception —  at each of the home's six fireplaces.

In common with Fallingwater, the house's design does not merely accommodate but actually incorporates the local topography. A -high, -long rock forms the exterior to the entry and an interior wall, while a smaller rock doubles as a kitchen and bathroom wall. Again, like Fallingwater's signature terraces, the house features a cantilevered deck that stretches  over Lake Mahopac. Its -high living area is illuminated with 26 triangular skylights.

Massaro sold his sheet metal business in 2000 to focus on building the house, a fluid process that included solutions and adjustments made on the fly between 2003 and 2007. These included changes to the skylight design and a staircase descending from the home like Fallingwater's, the addition of foam insulation, and an increased in the concrete's structural stability and to comply with modern building codes, among others.

Controversy

Denial of authenticity
Throughout the construction, Massaro was in conflict with the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, which had been established by the architect in 1940 to conserve his intellectual property. The foundation claimed copyright over Wright's design, which Massaro claimed requested $450,000 to render working drawings from Wright's sketches and supervise construction of the house. Instead, Massaro hired Heinz and the foundation filed a lawsuit, which ended in a settlement that limited Massaro to referring to the structure as merely being "inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright".

The foundation refuses to officially recognize Massaro House as an authentic Frank Lloyd Wright creation on a number of aesthetic and construction grounds beyond Massaro's refusal to comply with certification. Massaro countered that he believed that Wright would rather the house be built than not built at all.

Criticism of design
Rejection of the house by critics as a Wright design extends beyond the architectural supervision and fees, and includes details of the Massaro House construction.

Notably, William Allin Storrer, an adjunct professor of architecture and Wright historian, points to the desert masonry and skylight selection. Additionally, the quality of the roof fascia and a set of missing stairs descending from the cantilevered deck to the shore below that was included in the original design are highlighted as contentious details that should remove the house from consideration as a Wright design. Storrer argued that rocks set flush in Wright's signature desert masonry designs (as well as the native rocks used on Petra Island on the Chahroudi cottage that Wright designed and oversaw the construction of in lieu of building the proposed main home) project too far out from the concrete surface on the Massaro House, appearing to be distinct from one-another, randomly applied, and protruding at odd angles from otherwise finished walls. Evading the aesthetic consequence of design choices made, Massaro countered that  of Styrofoam insulation had to be added in order to adhere to modern building codes, resulting in the stones projecting beyond the original dimensions. He claimed that it was a concession even Wright would have been forced to make.

Another signature of Wright's designs is the use of many windows, with the Heinz design for Massaro House including 26 skylights. The skylights chosen and installed in the home are domed, rather than the typically flat Wright designed panels. Massaro pointed out that flat panels are shown to leak, which Storrer conceded is a known issue with Wright designs but countered that solutions exist that would have allowed Massaro to stay true to "Wrightian" design principles.

Homes designed by Wright often incorporate a unique design in the fascia or window frames. To stamp the custom design into the copper to be used for the fascia on the roof, Massaro created a special machine. Wright defenders insist that the design is stamped too lightly and shallowly to satisfy Wright's design standards.

Several of Wright's design drawings for Chahroudi include a set of stairs that descend from the cantilevered deck to the rocky shore below, a motif borrowed from Fallingwater, where they descend to the stream that home is built upon, Bear Run. Massaro explained that had the stairs been included in his design they would have descended into  of water, disregarding that the flight could have been shortened to accommodate a raised lakebed  or stone base in that immediate area.

Status
In November 2012 the property was listed for sale at US$20 million.  This was reduced to below $10 million in increments through January of 2019.

An urban rumor was started in 2021 that actors Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie had acquired the home. The Massaro Family confirms the pair never owned the island or the residences on it.

The properties are still listed for sale, referred to generically as "Petra Island" without an asking price, in August 2023.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References

Houses completed in 2007
Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Houses in Putnam County, New York


Ethical monotheism is a form of exclusive monotheism in which God is believed to be the only god as well as the source for one's standards of morality, guiding humanity through ethical principles.

Definition
Ethical monotheism originated within Judaism. It is present in various other monotheistic religions, such as Zoroastrianism, Christianity, the Baháʼí Faith, Sikhism, and Islam. All of these monotheistic religions include the belief in one Supreme Being as the ultimate authority and creator of the universe. In Christianity, God is worshipped as the Trinity or according to Nontrinitarian conceptions of God. In monotheistic religions, other deities are variously considered to be false or demonic, and it is believed that any other gods cannot be compared to the one that they respectively regard as the only true God.

See also

 Argument from morality
 Atenism
 Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion
 Baháʼí moral teachings
 Christian ethics
 Comparative religion
 Demiurge
 Dhimmi
 Dystheism
 Evil God challenge
 God in Abrahamic religions
 God in the Baháʼí Faith
 God in Christianity
 God in Judaism
 God in Islam
 God in Sikhism
 God in Zoroastrianism
 Jewish ethics
 Judeo-Christian ethics
 Maltheism
 Moralistic therapeutic deism
 Morality in Islam
 Natural religion
 Outline of theology
 Problem of evil
 Problem of Hell
 Seven Laws of Noah
 Ger toshav (resident alien)
 Noahidism
 Theodicy
 Urmonotheismus (primitive monotheism)
 Violence in the Bible
 Violence in the Quran

References

Bibliography

Monotheism
Religious ethics


Heinz Drache (; 9 February 1923 – 3 April 2002) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 40 films between 1953 and 2002. He was born in Essen, Germany and died in Berlin, Germany of lung cancer.

Selected filmography

 Once I Will Return (1953) – Bob Emerson
 It Was Always So Nice With You (1954) – Komponist Peter Martens
 Spy for Germany (1956) – Jim Newman
  (1957) – Klaus Jäger
 Endangered Girls (1958) – Heinz Sanders
  (1958) – Wolf Siebert - Young Patron
 The Street (1958) – Bob Schneider
 The Rest Is Silence (1959) – Herbert von Pohl
 The Woman by the Dark Window (1960) – Andreas Wegner
  (1960) – Kurt
 The Avenger (1960) – Michael Brixan
 Town Without Pity (1961) – Maj. Steve Garrett (voice, uncredited)
  (1962) (TV miniseries) – Kriminalinspektor Yates
 The Door with Seven Locks (1962) – Inspektor Richard "Dick" Martin
  (1962) – Inspector Kaufmann
 The Black Panther of Ratana (1963) – Richard Paddberg
 The Squeaker (1963) – Inspector Bill Elford
 The Indian Scarf (1963) – Frank Tanner
  (1964) – Anthony Nash
 Coffin from Hong Kong (1964) – Nelson Ryan
 Der Hexer (1964) – James W. Wesby
 Coast of Skeletons (1965) – Janny Von Koltze
 Sandy the Seal (1965 released in 1969) – Jan Van Heerden
 Shots in Threequarter Time (1965) – Pierre Gilbert
 Neues vom Hexer (1965) – Inspector James W. Wesby
  (1966) – Hoffmann
 Circus of Fear (1966) – Carl
 The Brides of Fu Manchu (1966) – Franz Baumer
 Casse-tête chinois pour le judoka (1967)
 The Hound of Blackwood Castle (1968) – Humphrey Connery
 Derrick – Season 6, Episode 10: "Das dritte Opfer" (1979) – Martin Dorp

References

External links

1923 births
2002 deaths
German male film actors
Actors from Essen
20th-century German male actors


Class 25 may refer to:

 Express train, steam locomotives with a 2-8-0 wheel arrangement operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the GDR after World War II:
 The new, post-war locomotive (Neubaulokomotive): DR Class 25.0
 The trials locomotives: DR Class 25.10
 The electric multiple units of DRG Class ET 25, later DB Class 425, built for the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the 1930s.


Dumitrița Turner (born 12 February 1964) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who won a team silver medal at the 1980 Olympics. She also won a team and an individual gold medal at the 1979 World Championships. After retiring from competition she worked as a coach, first in Onești in Romania, in 1994 in Guatemala, and later in Australia.

References

External links

Living people
Gymnasts at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
World champion gymnasts
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
1964 births
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Universiade medalists in gymnastics
Universiade silver medalists for Romania
Universiade bronze medalists for Romania
People from Onești
Sportspeople from Bacău County