Mihalis Exarchos () (born 1978 in Piraeus, Greece), known professionally by his stage name Stereo Mike, is a Greek hip hop artist. He is the first MTV EMA Award winner in the "Best Greek Act" category.  Stereo Mike represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 alongside singer Loucas Yiorkas with the song "Watch My Dance", placing seventh with 120 points.

Life and career
Exarchos was born in 1978 in Piraeus, Greece to a Greek father and Croatian mother from Rijeka.  At the age of 18, his musical interest brought him to the UK for education in the field at the universities Leeds Metropolitan and University of Westminster.  In the next four years, he obtained two degrees, Bachelor of Music Technology and Master on Sound Production.  During his studies, Exarchos worked as a sound producer at Vault Recording Studios in Hackney, London, where he worked with several British hip hop artists, including Klashnekoff, Bury Crew, Skinnyman, Taskforce, Iceberg Slimm, Mike GLC and JMC.

Exarchos also worked as a producer at AMG Records, which led him to his first recording contract as 'Stereo Mike' with AMG's hip-hop sub-label, Mo' Money Recording$.  Within two years, he composed and produced his debut album, while accepting a post-graduate lecturing position at London's University of Westminster in music production.  He released his debut album in Greece titled Satirical Nomads by Mo' Money Recording$ under license to Universal Music Greece.  The album's singles included the anti-racism anthem "O Allos Babis" and the remix "I Polis".

Stereo Mike was nominated at the Mad Video Music Awards in 2005 for "Best Hip-Hop Video Clip" and in 2008 for "Best Hip-Hop Video Clip" and for "Video Clip of the Year".

Stereo Mike subsequently signed to Minos EMI for his second album titled XLI3H, which is leet for the Greek word Εξέλιξη, meaning "evolution". He is concurrently doing research work toward a PhD in music.

Stereo Mike is the first MTV EMA Award winner in the "Best Greek Act" category, which came into effect with MTV's 2008 regional launch in Greece. He was also nominated for Greece in the category of Europe's Favourite Act for 2008.

Stereo Mike with Loucas Yiorkas represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany with the song "Watch My Dance".

Albums
2004: Satirical Nomads
2007: XLI3H
2011: Aneli3h

Singles
Satirical Nomads:
2004: "O Allos Babis"
2004: "I Polis"

2005 Mad Video Music Awards:
2005: "Pump It/Misirlou" (feat. Eleni Tsaligopoulou, Shaya & Lagnis NTP)

XLI3H:
2007: "Fevgo" (feat. Haris Alexiou)
2007: "Des Kathara (Face à la mer)" (feat. Andriana Babali)
2008: "Anagnorisi"
2008: "Alli Mia Nihta" (feat. Shaya)
2009: "Peraia Mou"

2008 Mad Video Music Awards:
2008: "S'opoion Aresei (Dansonra)" (feat. Tamta)
2008: "Piase Me" (feat. Eleni Tsaligopoulou)
2009: "Peraia Mou"

Eurovision Song Contest 2011
2011: "Watch My Dance" (credited to Loucas Yiorkas feat. Stereo Mike)

References

External links
 Official Facebook page

Living people
Greek rappers
21st-century Greek male singers
1978 births
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2011
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Greece
Greek people of Croatian descent
Musicians from Piraeus
Alumni of the University of Westminster
Alumni of Leeds Beckett University
MTV Europe Music Award winners


Frank Thomas Purdon (8 November 1857 – ?) was an Irish-born rugby union forward who played club rugby for Newport and Swansea. Purdon was capped four times for Wales including the first Wales international, against England in 1881.

Rugby career
Purdon was selected, while a Newport player, for Richard Mullock's Wales to face England in the first Welsh international at Blackheath on 19 February 1881. Wales were humiliated, and the national press blamed the team selection, with the players apparently chosen to appease the principal rugby clubs rather than selected on the basis of ability. Many of the Welsh players from that game never played for Wales again, but Purdon was back for Wales second international game, played in 1882 against Ireland in Dublin.

Purdon played his last two matches for Wales after transferring to Swansea, and was a member of the Welsh squad that took part in the first Home Nations Championship under the captaincy of Charles Lewis. Wales lost both games and Purdon was not re-selected for the 1884 tournament.

International matches played
Wales
  1881, 1882
  1882
  1883

Bibliography

References

1857 births
Newport RFC players
Rugby union forwards
Rugby union players from County Westmeath
Swansea RFC players
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players
Year of death missing


The Avenger () is a 1960 West German crime film directed by Karl Anton and starring Heinz Drache, Ingrid van Bergen and Ina Duscha. It is based on the 1926 novel The Avenger by Edgar Wallace. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art director Willi Herrmann.

Plot
A number of packaged disembodied heads have been in random areas of the English countryside. In each package is a letter to the police from the killer, who dubs himself "The Executioner." Each victim is seemingly unrelated to one another. When a Scotland Yard employee is killed, Detective Mike Brixan (Heinz Drache) of Special Branch is called in to investigate. The only clue is that a black, four-door sedan has been seen at the scene of the crime and that the typewriter that the letters have been written on have two offset letters.

When Ruth Sanders (Ina Duscha), the niece of the man killed and the last person to see him alive, is located as an extra working on location, Brixan discovers a page of a script that has been written on the same typewriter as the Executioner's letters. Consequently, Brixan believes that the Executioner is among the cast, crew, or parties involved in the film shoot.

Cast
 Heinz Drache as Michael Brixan
 Ingrid van Bergen as Stella Mendoza
 Benno Sterzenbach as Sir Gregory Penn
 Ina Duscha as Ruth Sanders
 Ludwig Linkmann as Henry Longvale
 Siegfried Schürenberg as Major Staines
 Klaus Kinski as Lorenz Voss
 Rainer Brandt as Reggie Conolly
 Friedrich Schoenfelder as Jack Jackson (as Friedrich Schönfelder)
 Al Hoosmann as Bhag (as Al Hoosman)
 Maria Litto as Malaiische Tänzerin
 Franz-Otto Krüger as Regie-Assistant Frankie
 Rainer Penkert as Camera Man
 Albert Bessler as News Hound

Reception
Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film two and a half out of four stars, calling it "[an] Above-par shocker". Dave Sindelar, on his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings gave the film a mixed review, criticizing the film's poor dubbing, and pacing. However, Sindelar also wrote, "Some of the other Edgar Wallace movies from this time feel the same way, and I sometimes wonder if the movie would fare better in subtitled form. Still, there is a sense of dark, morbid fun to the stories, and I suspect that some time in the future, another enterprising movie company will see the appeal of Wallace’s work and make their own series. And, you know, I wouldn’t mind that at all." TV Guide awarded the film a mixed two out of four stars, calling it "A charming mix of old dark house cliches and behind-the-scenes drama".

Release
The Avenger was released on August 5, 1960 in Frankfurt.

See also
 Klaus Kinski filmography

References

Bibliography
 Bergfelder, Tim. International Adventures: German Popular Cinema and European Co-Productions in the 1960s. Berghahn Books, 2005.

External links

1960 films
1960s mystery films
1960s crime thriller films
German mystery films
German crime thriller films
West German films
1960s German-language films
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Karl Anton
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films based on British novels
Films shot in Munich
Films set in London
Films shot at Bavaria Studios
Films about filmmaking
1960s German films


Thor Lee (born June 5, 1965) is a retired U.S. soccer defender who played professionally in several U.S. leagues including one season in Major League Soccer.

Lee attended CSU Northridge where he played on the school's NCAA Division II soccer team from 1984 to 1987.  In 1987, CSU Northridge went to the National Championship where it fell to Southern Connecticut State University.  Lee was a 1986 second team and a 1987 first team All-American.  He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Health Sciences.

In 1987, Lee spent the collegiate off-season with the California Kickers in the Western Soccer Alliance.  He remained with the Kickers through the 1989 season.  In June 1988, the Los Angeles Lazers selected Lee in the third round of the Major Indoor Soccer League draft.  The Lazers folded at the end of the season and in July 1990 the San Diego Sockers selected Lee in the dispersal draft, but did not sign him.  1990, the WSA merged with the American Soccer League to form the American Professional Soccer League.  Lee moved to the Los Angeles Heat for the 1990 APSL season.  The Heat folded at the end of the season and Lee joined the Salt Lake Sting for the 1991 season.  On April 2, 1993, Lee signed with the Los Angeles Salsa and spent the 1993 and 1994 APSL seasons with them.  In the fall of 1994, he signed with the Wichita Wings in the National Professional Soccer League.  On February 7, 1996, D.C. United selected Lee in the fifth round (fiftieth overall) in the 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft.  He played two games before being waived on April 16, 1996.  He was then signed by the San Diego Sockers of the Continental Indoor Soccer League five days later.  The Sockers folded at the end of the season and the Anaheim Splash selected him in the dispersal draft.  He spent the 1997 season in Anaheim.  In February 1998, he joined the Buffalo Blizzard of the NPSL on loan from the Splash.  In 1998, he played for the Sacramento Knights in the Premier Soccer Alliance.

Lee was a sales associate with Ramsey-Shilling Commercial Real Estate in Southern California.

Thor Lee is currently a VP with Avison Young Commercial Real Estate in Southern California.

References

External links
 MISL stats

1955 births
Living people
Soccer players from Long Beach, California
American men's soccer players
American Professional Soccer League players
Anaheim Splash players
Buffalo Blizzard players
California Kickers players
Continental Indoor Soccer League players
D.C. United players
Los Angeles Heat players
Los Angeles Lazers players
Los Angeles Salsa players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Major League Soccer players
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players
World Indoor Soccer League players
Sacramento Knights players
Salt Lake Sting players
San Diego Sockers (1978–1996) indoor players
Western Soccer Alliance players
Wichita Wings (NPSL) players
Men's association football defenders


Tennis was part of the 2007 All-Africa Games competition schedule.

Results

Men

Women

References
Sports123

2007 All-Africa Games
2007
All-Africa Games
Tennis in Algeria


The Dead Eyes of London ( and also known as Dark Eyes of London) is a 1961 West German black and white crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer and starring Joachim Fuchsberger, Karin Baal and Dieter Borsche.

Plot
A series of murders of wealthy men leads investigators to a group of blind men with a mysterious leader.

Cast
 Joachim Fuchsberger as Inspector Larry Holt
 Karin Baal as Eleanor "Nora" Ward, née Finlay
 Dieter Borsche as David Judd aka Mr. Lennox aka Reverend (Paul) Dearborn
 Wolfgang Lukschy as Stephan Judd
 Eddi Arent as Sergeant / Inspector S. "Sunny" Harvey
 Anneli Sauli as Fanny Weldon (as Ann Savo)
 Bobby Todd as Lew Norris
 Franz Schafheitlin as Sir John
 Ady Berber as Jacob "The Blind Jack" Farrell (as Adi Berber)
 Harry Wüstenhagen as "Flimmer-Fred" (German version) / "Flicker-Fred" (English version)
  as Matthew "Matt" Blake
 Hans Paetsch as Gordon Stuart
 Ida Ehre as Ella Ward
  as Chief Inspector
 Klaus Kinski as Edgar Strauss

Production
The film is based on the 1924 novel The Dark Eyes of London by Edgar Wallace, which had been previously adapted into the 1939 British film The Dark Eyes of London, a.k.a. The Human Monster, introducing a number of horror elements which had not been in the original book. The British film had been released in Germany and proved to be popular. The German film is closer to being a remake of the earlier British film, rather than a close adaptation of Wallace's novel.

The Dead Eyes of London was the first Edgar Wallace film to be directed by Alfred Vohrer, who directed 13 more films in the genre.

Reception
The FSK gave the film a rating of "16 and up" and found it not appropriate for screenings on public holidays. The film premiered on 28 March 1961 at the "Walhalla" cinema in Wiesbaden. Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film two out of four stars, calling the film "[an] Acceptable thriller".

References

External links

1961 films
1960s mystery thriller films
German mystery thriller films
West German films
1960s German-language films
Remakes of British films
Films shot in Hamburg
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Alfred Vohrer
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films set in England
Films set in London
Films produced by Horst Wendlandt
Films about blind people
1960s German films


Army & Navy sweets are a type of traditional boiled sweet, or hard candy, available in the United Kingdom. They are black in colour, lozenge-shaped and flavoured with liquorice and herbs. They are often eaten in winter as their slightly medicinal flavour is similar to that of Cough candy. Their name is likely derived from their popularity with service personnel during the First World War. Originally they are reported to have contained Opium.

See also
 Liquorice (confectionery)
 Aniseed twist

References

British confectionery
Candy
Liquorice (confectionery)
Throat lozenges


Thomas Lewis Dodge (July 19, 1816 – November 2, 1893) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada.  He represented King's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1882 to 1886 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Horton, Nova Scotia, the son of David Dodge and Phebe Scott.  In 1843, he married Sarah Harrington.  Dodge married Harriet Amy Harrington in 1856.  He was named to the province's Legislative Council in 1887.  Dodge served as treasurer for King's County from 1870 until his death at home in Kentville at the age of 77.

His son Brenton Haliburton served in the provincial assembly and was mayor of Kentville.

References

1816 births
1893 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLCs


Bungartz Butz is an automobile that was built in 1934 by Bungartz from Munich.

History
Towards the end of 1933, Dr. Everhard Bungartz, director of the newly established company Bungartz & Co., contacted Josef Ganz because he wanted to develop and build a small car according to his patents.

Technically the new Bungartz Butz model was very similar to the Standard Superior, introduced one year earlier. It featured a tubular chassis, a mid-mounted engine, and independent wheel suspension with swing-axles at the rear.

The Bungartz Butz was available in two basic versions: the Butz Cabrio-Limousine and the Butz Touren-Wagen. Both versions were two-seaters. The Butz had a plywood body covered in artificial leather and fitted with metal wings. The available colour schemes were either silvery gray, dark blue, sea green or beige, with black wings, wheel rims and chassis. Also available for the Butz was a special small trailer with backbone chassis and swing axles.

Notes and references

External links
Joseph Ganz Archive
Joseph Ganz Foundation
https://web.archive.org/web/20081016055947/http://www.schouwer-online.de/technik/bungartz.htm
http://www.bungartz.nl/hist-bungartz.html

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
Volkswagen Group


The Salamanca Arts Centre (SAC), established in 1976, is a major arts hub in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It is a combination of theatres, galleries and arts administration located behind the historic facade of Georgian warehouses in Salamanca Place. The buildings are owned by the Government of Tasmania with ten visual and performing arts venues. Venues include: the Peacock Theatre, Long Gallery and Sidespace Gallery. Tenants include Brian Ritchie (previously of the Violent Femmes) and the Tasmanian Theatre Company.

Salamanca Arts Centre is a member of the Australia Council Mobile states tour initiative 'for contemporary artists and small companies, taking cutting edge arts to audiences around Australia.' Other venues include: Performance Space at CarriageWorks, Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts, Brisbane Powerhouse and Arts House.

SAC is supported by the Tasmanian Government and the Hobart City Council.

References

External links
 Salamanca Arts Centre

Buildings and structures in Hobart
Arts centres in Australia
Tourist attractions in Hobart
1976 establishments in Australia


The Dark Eyes of London may refer to:

 The Dark Eyes of London (novel), a 1924 novel by Edgar Wallace
 The Dark Eyes of London (film), a 1939 British film

See also
 The Dead Eyes of London, a 1961 German film known by this title


The Space Engineering EDucation Satellite 2 (SEEDS-2) is a Japanese amateur CubeSat picosatellite, built and operated by Nihon University. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation, aboard a PSLV rocket, on 28 April 2008. It was built to replace the SEEDS satellite, which was lost in a launch failure on a Dnepr rocket in July 2006.

It carries a number of sensors to investigate the environment of space, and its own status. It also contains a voice transmitter, intended to play back messages to amateur radio operators.

See also
AAUSAT-II
COMPASS-1
CUTE-1.7
Delfi-C3
List of CubeSats

References

External links
 SEEDS II web page

Student satellites
Spacecraft launched in 2008
Satellites of Japan
CubeSats
Picosatellites


The Željeznica () is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which rises at the foot of the Treskavica Mountain. It has a number of rapids and whirlpools, including those of Turovi. Kazani is regarded the most attractive place in the canyon, where round hollows, "kettles", give the impression of boiling water. The kettles are about half to one meter deep and 0,30 to 0,70 cm wide in radius, and they are frequent in the riverbed.

The Željeznica river is one of the chief geographic features of the western Sarajevo field (Sarajevo polje). It flows through the municipalities Trnovo and Istočna Ilidža from south and eventually meets up with the Mala Bosna river, a stretch of the Bosna between its source at Vrelo Bosne and Željeznica confluence, all near Ilidža, Sarajevo. The Željeznica and the Mala Bosna form the Bosna.

The Željeznica river is the western boundary of Jahorina mountain. The archaeological site of Butmir is located on the right bank of the Željeznica river, relatively close to the source of the Bosna river. The terrace next to the Željeznica river was well suited to late Neolithic settlement.

The Željeznica is possibly among last remaining sanctuaries for huchen (Hucho hucho) in the Bosna river basin, others being the Krivaja, the Fojnica, and possibly the Lašva.

See also
Bosna

References

External links

Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina


The Devil's Daffodil (also known as Daffodil Killer or / Secret of the Yellow Daffodils) is a 1961 British-West German black-and-white crime film directed by Ákos Ráthonyi. The film was produced in an English and a German version, starring different actors in the lead roles but otherwise featuring an almost identical cast and crew. It starred William Lucas in the English version and Joachim Fuchsberger in the German one.

Cast

Production
The film is based on the novel The Daffodil Mystery by Edgar Wallace. It was adapted for film by Egon Eis. The screenplay was written by Basil Dawson and Donald Taylor. The German dialogue was written by Horst Wendlandt and . Wendlandt was also co-producer along with Preben Philipsen (both of Rialto Film).

Cinematography took place in April and May 1961 in London and environments. The studio was Shepperton Studios/Middlesex.

Reception
In Germany, the FSK gave the film a rating of "16 and up" and found it not appropriate for screenings on public holidays. The German version premiered on 21 July 1961.

See also
 Christopher Lee filmography

References

External links

BFI.org

1961 films
1960s mystery films
1960s crime thriller films
1960s multilingual films
1960s English-language films
German mystery films
German crime thriller films
British mystery films
British crime thriller films
West German films
British black-and-white films
Films directed by Ákos Ráthonyi
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films produced by Horst Wendlandt
Films set in London
British multilingual films
German multilingual films
UFA GmbH films
1960s German-language films
1960s British films
1960s German films


Inmaculada Rodríguez-Piñero Fernández (born 7 January 1958, in Madrid) is a Spanish politician for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). Married with two children, she earned a master's degree in economic theory from the University of Minnesota and served as economic and employment spokesperson for the PSOE.

Role in national politics
In 2008, Rodríguez-Piñero was selected as second placed candidate on the PSOE list for Valencia province and was consequently elected to the Spanish national parliament.

On 16 April 2009 Rodríguez-Piñero was named State Secretary for Infrastructure and Planning by the Minister of Public Works José Blanco López in the government of Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. She subsequently resigned her parliamentary seat. In her capacity as State Secretary, she served as ex-officio member of the board of the Sociedad Estatal de Infraestructuras del Transporte Terrestre (SEIIT).

Member of the European Parliament, 2014–present
Rodríguez-Piñero has been a Member of the European Parliament since the 2014 European elections. She has since been serving on the Committee on International Trade. Since 2019, she has been part of the Democracy Support and Election Coordination Group (DEG), which oversees the Parliament's election observation missions.

In addition to her committee assignments, Rodríguez-Piñero is part of the parliament's delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary Committee. She is also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Long-Term Investment and Reindustrialization, the European Parliament Intergroup on Disability and the Spinelli Group.

External links
Biography at Spanish Congress site

References

|-

|-

1958 births
Living people
Members of the 9th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
Politicians from Madrid
Politicians from the Valencian Community
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
MEPs for Spain 2014–2019
MEPs for Spain 2019–2024
21st-century women MEPs for Spain


Events in the year 1890 in India.

Incumbents
 Empress of India – Queen Victoria
 Viceroy of India – Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne

Events
 National income - 5,190 million

Law
Charitable Endowments Act
Revenue Recovery Act
Guardians and Wards Act
Prevention Of Cruelty To Animals Act
Indian Railways Act

Births
A. R. Krishnashastry, writer, researcher and translator (died 1968).

Deaths

References

India
Years of the 19th century in India
1890 in Asia
1890s in India


Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics was held in Canada at Whistler Creekside in Whistler, British Columbia, north of Vancouver. The ten events were scheduled for 13–27 February; weather delayed the first event, the men's downhill, two days until Monday, 15 February.

Medal table
Notably absent from the medals in these Olympics were the Austrian men, who had won 8 medals in 2006 and 7 in 2002. France and host Canada were shut out from the podium, as were the German men and the Swiss and Italian women. The U.S. had its best Olympics ever with eight alpine medals, only the fourth nation to achieve that total in a single Olympics (Austria, France, Switzerland).

Individually, three men and five women won multiple medals; triple medalists were Bode Miller of the U.S. and Aksel Lund Svindal of Norway, who both won a medal of each color.  The sole double gold medalist was Maria Riesch of Germany.

Men's events

Women's events

Competition schedule

All times are Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8).

Course information

 The finish area was above the base area of Whistler Creekside, which is at an elevation of  above sea level.
Source:

Athletes

Qualification standards
The FIS point list used to determine entry into the Olympics was from 18 January 2010.

There could be a maximum of 320 athletes competing in alpine skiing, with no more than 22 per NOC (there was a further limit of 14 male and 14 female per NOC). Additionally, each NOC could enter a maximum of four skiers per event.

To qualify, the competitor had to reach either the "A" or "B" standard.
 "A" qualification standard: the competitor is in the top 500 of the FIS points list in at least one event. If the event is downhill, super-G or super combined, he or she requires at least 120 FIS points.
 "B" qualification standard: if an NOC does not have a male or female athlete that meets the "A" Standard, then they may enter an athlete of that gender in slalom or giant slalom only, provided that the athlete has at most 140 FIS points in the event and has taken part in the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2009.

Demographics

As of 28 February 2010, there were 309 athletes listed as competitors in alpine skiing at the Games, representing 71 countries.

The youngest alpine skier in the 2010 Olympic Games was Ghassan Achi of Lebanon, age 16 at the time of competition (born 28 July 1993). The oldest was Hubertus von Hohenlohe of Mexico, age 51 (born 2 February 1959).

Competing nations
The following nations have entered the following number of alpine skiers.

See also
 Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Paralympics

References

 Whistler Weasel Workers – Alpine Race Volunteers for 2010 Olympics
 Alpine Skiing – Sports – Vancouver 2010
 Qualification for skiing.
 Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games Competition Schedule v12

External links
FIS-Ski.com – alpine skiing – 2010 Winter Olympics – Whistler, Canada
Sports-Reference – 2010 Winter Olympics – Alpine skiing

Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics
2010 Winter Olympics events
Olympics
Alpine skiing competitions in Canada


James A. Fraser (June 27, 1841 – 14 January 1930) was a gold miner and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Guysborough County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1882 to 1890 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Brookville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia, the son of Donald Fraser and Sophia Fraser, of Scottish descent. In 1871, Fraser married Charlotte M. Fisher. Fraser served as a member of the municipal council for St. Mary's district before being elected to the provincial assembly. He was also editor for the Eastern Chronicle.

References

External links
The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891, JA Gemmill

1841 births
1930 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs


RUBIN-8, also known as RUBIN-AIS (Automatic Identification System), is a German space experiment package, built by OHB-System, which was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation, aboard a PSLV rocket, on 28 April 2008. Following launch, it remained bolted to the upper stage of the rocket in low Earth orbit, where it is used to conduct experiments regarding the relay of AIS data via the Orbcomm and Iridium communication satellite networks.

See also
AAUSAT-II
COMPASS-1
CUTE-1.7
Delfi-C3
SEEDS-2

References

Spacecraft launched in 2008


Étienne-Émile Baulieu (born 12 December 1926) is a French biochemist and endocrinologist who is best known for his research in the field of steroid hormones and their role in reproduction and aging.

Biography
Baulieu was born Émile Blum to Jewish parents in Strasbourg, France. His father, who died when he was four was Léon Blum, a physician, and an early specialist in diabetes. Baulieu changed his name during World War II when his family fled to the area near Grenoble and he engaged in the French resistance. After the war he attended the Faculté de Médecine de Paris and became a doctor of medicine in 1955. He studied further under his mentor Max Fernand Jayle in the field of steroid hormones and obtained his PhD degree in 1963 at the Lycée Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine and Faculté des Sciences in Paris.

In 1963 Baulieu was named director of INSERM, and in 1970 he became a Professor of Biochemistry at the Faculty of Medicine of Bicêtre, affiliated with University of Paris-South. Since 2004 Baulieu is a member of the French "Ethical Advisory Committee" (Comité consultatif national d'éthique) for science and health. He is also associated with the "Institute of Longevity and Aging" [L'Institut de la longévité, des vieillesses et du vieillissement]. In 2008, he started the Institut Baulieu to foster research into healthy longevity.

Research
Baulieu has had an ongoing interest in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). In 1960 he demonstrated that DHEA was the main adrenal androgen, was largely conjugated as a hydrophilic sulfate, and described its metabolism and functions. He worked to uncover the production of estrogens by the placenta during pregnancy and this led to the concept of DHEA being a "prohormone". Upon the invitation of Seymour Lieberman Baulieu became visiting scientist at the Columbia University in 1961–1962, and during this time he met Gregory Pincus, the father of the "birth control pill". Baulieu then turned to more studies in contraception and in the regulation of fertility and pregnancy. He became a pioneer in the description of intracellular sex steroid receptors and identified major intracellular participants such as the heat shock proteins. He worked on the progesterone receptor and androgen receptor. While steroid receptors are generally found within the cell, Baulieu identified a membrane receptor for a steroid hormone in Xenopus laevis.

Neurosteroids
Baulieu discovered that DHEA and pregnenolone are produced in the brain and introduced the term "neurosteroids" in 1981. These steroids are active in the nervous system, help repair myelin, protect the nervous system, and enhance memory. Such agents may prove to be useful in the maintenance of brain function during age, and Baulieu suggests that use of DHEA in the elderly may ameliorate certain age-associated deficits including memory loss and depressive mood. Baulieu conducts clinical research about the potential benefits of DHEA in the elderly population.

RU486
Baulieu is worldwide known for his work on RU486 (Mifepristone) and has been termed the "Father" of the abortion pill. Baulieu who had identified the progesterone receptor suggested to Roussel-Uclaf to modify the progesterone molecule to create an anti-progesterone. Georges Teutsch then synthesized an agent that became initially known as RU468 in 1980. Baulieu investigated the actions of this agent as an anti-progesterone steroid that proved to be able to induce early abortion and became more effective in conjunction with misoprostol. As a proponent of a nonsurgical approach to abortion Baulieu became an advocat RU468 even when the company withdrew from the product and propelled him into the limelight of the abortion debate. As an anti-progesterone RU468 also has other potential such as in the treatment of certain conditions (breast cancer, brain cancer, endometriosis, diabetes, hypertension), and the anti-cortison activity he discovered may be useful to manage depression or Cushing's syndrome.

Longevity
Baulieu has taken increasingly more interest in what he has called the "longevity revolution", that people are living longer, and its implications. As part of this, he is investigating the potential of hormonal substitution such as DHEA to increase well-being in old age. The "Institute Baulieu" was started in 2008 to address issues that are detrimental to health in older people. One focus of research in the 2020 decade is finding ways to decrease the problems of the elderly as to functioning independently.

Honours and awards
 1967 Chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite
 1982 French Academy of Sciences, President, 2003–4
 1989 Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research,
 1990 National Academy of Sciences
 1990 Grand Officier of the Légion d'honneur
 1990 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
 2002 French Academy of Medicine,
 European Academy of Sciences and Arts

Bibliography
Baulieu EE, Kelly PA. Hormones — From Molecules to Disease. Springer (1990)
Baulieu EE. Neurosteroids: A New Regulatory Function in the Nervous System. Humana Press (1999)
Baulieu EE. Abortion Pill. Simon & Schuster (1991)
Baulieu EE. Etienne-Émile Baulieu. Génération Pilule (Paris: 1990).(Autobiography in French)

References

External links
An interview with Étienne-Émile Baulieu about his research (French)
Étienne-Émile Baulieu: fragments de vie et de recherche A portrait of Étienne-Émile Baulieu by BioTV (French)
Lecture on Aging and Hormones

1926 births
Living people
French endocrinologists
French biochemists
French Resistance members
20th-century French Jews
21st-century French Jews
Academic staff of the Collège de France
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
Officers of the French Academy of Sciences
Lycée Pasteur (Neuilly-sur-Seine) alumni
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award


Dmitri Yuryevich Kondratyev (, born on 25 May 1969 in Irkutsk, Russia) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. He served as a crew member on the International Space Station long duration mission Expedition 27 as Commander, having also served as a Flight Engineer on Expedition 26 during the same stay in space. Kondratyev traveled to space for the first time aboard the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft in December 2010.

Personal
Kondratyev is married to Dinara, and they have a son named Vladislav. His parents, Yuri Semyonovich Kondratyev and Valentina Dmitriyevna Kondratyeva (née Zaozyornova), reside in Alma-Aty, Kazakhstan. His pastimes include computers, karate, economics and fishing.

Education
Kondratyev completed Yak-52 flight training at the Alma-Aty Aviation Club in 1986. In 1990, he entered the Kacha Air Force Pilot School graduating in 1990 as a pilot-engineer. In 2000, Kondratyev graduated from the Moscow State University for Economy, Statistics and Computer Science (MESI), Economic Information Systems Department as an economist. In 2004, he graduated from the Yuri A. Gagarin Air Force Academy.

Experience

After graduation from pilot school in 1990, Kondratyev served as a pilot and subsequently as a senior pilot in the Russian Air Force. He flew MiG-21, MiG-29 and Su-27 Russian fighter aircraft. He is a Class 1 Air Force pilot. Kondratyev is also an instructor of General Parachute Training and has performed more than 150 parachute jumps.

Cosmonaut career
Kondratyev was selected as a test-cosmonaut candidate of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center Cosmonaut Office in December 1997. He attended basic space training from January 1998 to March 2000. In 2000 he was qualified as a test-cosmonaut. Kondratyev was assigned to the ISS Expedition 5 Backup crew as Soyuz Commander and ISS Flight Engineer and successfully completed that training in 2003. Kondratyev was then assigned to the ISS Expedition 13 long duration mission prime crew and trained as ISS Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander for one and a half year until the crew reassignment named ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter. Kondratyev was assigned to the ISS Expedition 20 Backup crew as Soyuz Commander and ISS Flight Engineer and successfully completed that training. From 2 May 2006 through 9 April 2007, he served as Director of Operations, Russian Space Agency, stationed at the Johnson Space Center. In March 2007 Kondratyev received his U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Private Pilot License. In March 2009 Kondratyev received his U.S. FAA Airline Transport Pilot Licence.

Expedition 26/27
Kondratyev was assigned to the ISS Expedition 26/27 Prime crew as Soyuz Commander and Expedition 27 Commander. He traveled to the space station on 15 December 2010 aboard the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft.

Spacewalks
Kondratyev participated in two spacewalks during his stay aboard the space station as an Expedition 26 and 27 Flight Engineer and Commander.

Russian EVA #27

During the first spacewalk (Russian EVA #27) conducted on 21 January 2011  Kondratyev and cosmonaut Oleg Skripochka focused to complete installation of a new high-speed data transmission system. Kondratyev was designated as Extravehicular 1, and had a red stripe on his spacesuit. Kondratyev and Skripochka began the five-hour, 23-minute spacewalk at 9:29 a.m. EST when the two cosmonauts opened the Pirs hatch and began exiting the Russian segment of the space station. The spacewalk ended at 2:52 p.m EST. They deployed the antenna for the Radio Technical System for Information Transfer, an experimental system designed to enable large data files to be downlinked using radio technology at a speed of about 100 MB/s from space station's Russian segment.

During the spacewalk, Kondratyev and Skripochka also removed the plasma pulse generator on the port side of the Zvezda module that was part of an experiment to investigate disturbances and changes in the ionosphere from space station impulse plasma flow. The generator, was covered, removed and returned inside the Pirs airlock. They also removed the commercial Expose-R experiment from the port side of Zvezda. The joint Russian and European Space Agency package contains a number of material samples that were left open to space conditions. Working inside the Pirs airlock, Kondratyev and Skripochka grabbed the new docking camera for the Rassvet module (MRM1) and carried it to the worksite on Rassvet. They installed the camera and mated the camera's cable to a pre-wired connector that will route the video into the space station.

Russian EVA #28

On 16 February 2011, Kondratyev and cosmonaut Skripochka participated in a spacewalk (Russian EVA #28) outside the space station. The planned tasks for Kondratyev and Skripochka included to install a radio antenna, deploy a nano satellite, install two experiments and retrieve two exposure panels on a third experiment. The experiments they installed are the Molniya-Gamma experiment, which measures gamma splashes and optical radiation during terrestrial lightning and thunder conditions, and a high-speed data transmission system experiment that uses radio technology. The exposure panels they retrieved are part of the Komplast experiment.

References

External links
Spacefacts biography of Dimitri Kondratyev

1969 births
Living people
Russian cosmonauts
Crew members of the International Space Station
People from Irkutsk
Commanders of the International Space Station
Heroes of the Russian Federation
Spacewalkers


Facetectomy is a surgical procedure which involves decompression of a spinal nerve root. For example, it can be performed in severely resistant cases of cervical rhizalgia, where the cervical nerve roots within the intervertebral foramina are decompressed.

References

Neurosurgery
Surgical removal procedures


Bankraub in der Rue Latour is a 1961 West German comedy film directed by and starring Curd Jürgens.

Cast
 Curd Jürgens as Cliff MacHardy
 Ingeborg Schöner as Maskottchen
 Charles Régnier as Camarro
 Klaus Kinski as Bex, Author
 Peer Schmidt as Alex
 Helmut Alimonta as Ganove
 Almut Berg as Marie-Louise
 Tania Corvin as Starlett
 Ursula Herking as Putzfrau
 Bum Krüger as Kassierer
 Carl Lange as Regisseur Bergström
 Christiane Nielsen as Gloria
 Fritz Remond as Manchette
 Otto Stern as Freddy, Mann mit Homburg
 Erika von Thellmann as Prinzessin Caraconne
 Herbert Weissbach as Bankdirektor

References

External links

1961 films
1961 comedy films
1960s crime comedy films
1960s heist films
West German films
German crime comedy films
1960s German-language films
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Curd Jürgens
Films set in Paris
1960s German films


"Room Service" is a single by Canadian rock singer/songwriter and guitarist Bryan Adams, it was his third single from his ninth studio album Room Service, released in 2005.

Track listings

CD

Chart positions

References

2004 songs
2005 singles
Bryan Adams songs
Songs written by Bryan Adams
Songs written by Eliot Kennedy
Universal Music Group singles


Training and development involve improving the effectiveness of organizations and the individuals and teams within them. Training may be viewed as related to immediate changes in organizational effectiveness via organized instruction, while development is related to the progress of longer-term organizational and employee goals. While training and development technically have differing definitions, the two are oftentimes used interchangeably and/or together. Training and development have historically been topics within adult education and applied psychology but have within the last two decades become closely associated with human resources management, talent management, human resources development, instructional design, human factors, and knowledge management.

History
Aspects of training and development have been linked to ancient civilizations around the globe. Early training-related articles appeared in journals marketed to enslavers in the antebellum south and training approaches and philosophies were discussed extensively by Booker T. Washington. Early academic was publishing related to training included a 1918 article in the Journal of Applied Psychology. This article explored an undergraduate curriculum designed for applied psychologists. Training was also discussed in first handbook on adult education in 1934. World War II influenced the focus of applied psychology research to be on effectiveness of training programs, particularly in military contexts. By the 1960s and 70s, the field began developing theories and conducting theory-based research because up until that point, the field had been rooted in trial-and-error intervention research. This era also brought along the development of new training methods such as the use of computers, television, case studies, and role playing. The scope of training and development also expanded to include cross-cultural training, focus on the development of the individual employee, and the use of new organization development literature to frame training programs. The 1980s marked a shift to focus on how employees were receiving and implementing training programs, and encouraged the collection of data for evaluation purposes, particularly management training programs. The development piece of training and development became increasingly popular in the 1980s and 90s, with employees more frequently being influenced by the concept of "lifelong learning". It was in this decade that research revealing the impact and importance of fostering a training and development-positive culture (including management and co-worker) was first conducted. The turn of the century brought more research in topics such as team-training, for example cross-training. Cross-training emphasizes training in coworkers' responsibilities.

Skills training has taken on varying organizational forms across industrialized economies. Germany has an elaborate vocational training system whereas the United States and the United Kingdom have weak vocational training system.

Training practice and methods
Training and development encompasses three main activities: training, education, and development.

The "stakeholders" in training and development are categorized into several classes. The sponsors of training and development are senior managers. The clients of training and development are business planners. Line managers are responsible for coaching, resources, and performance. The participants are those who actually undergo the processes. The facilitators are human resource management staff. And the providers are specialists in the field. Each of these groups has its own agenda and motivations, which sometimes conflict with the agendas and motivations of the others.

Especially in the last couple decades, training has become more trainee-focused, which allows those being trained more flexibility and active learning opportunities. For example, these active learning techniques include exploratory/discovery learning, error management training, guided exploration, and mastery training. Typical projects in the field include executive and supervisory/management development, new-employee orientation, professional-skills training, technical/job training, customer-service training, sales-and-marketing training, and health-and-safety training. Training is particularly critical in high-reliability organizations, which rely on high safety standards to prevent catastrophic damage to employees, equipment, or the environment (e.g. nuclear power plants, operating rooms).

It is important to note that all employees require different levels and types of development in order to fulfill their job roles in the organization. All employees need some type(s) of training and development on an ongoing basis to maintain effective performance, adjust to new ways or work, and remain motivated and engaged. The instructional systems design approach (often referred to as ADDIE model) is great for designing effective learning programs  and used for instructional design. Instructional design is the process of designing, developing and delivering learning content. There are 5 phases in the ADDIE model: (1) needs assessment, (2) program design, (3) program development, (4) training delivery or implementation, and (5) evaluation of training.

Analyze - problem identification, (TNA) training needs analysis, target audience determined, stakeholder's needs identified, identify the resources required.

Design - learning intervention/implementation outline and mapped, mapping evaluation methods.

Development - determine delivery method, production of learning product that is in line with design, determine instructional strategies/media/methods, quality evaluation of the learning product, development of communication strategy, development of required technology, development and evaluation of assessments and evaluation tools.

Implement - participation in side-programs, training delivery, learning participation, implementation of a communication plan, evaluation of business, execution of formal evaluations.

Evaluation - (integral part of each step) formal evaluation, continuous learning evaluation, evaluation of business, potential points of improvement.

Many different training methods exist today, including both on and off-the-job methods. On-the-job training methods happen within the organization where employees learn by working alongside co-workers in ways such as coaching, mentorship, internship, apprenticeship, job rotation, job instructional technique (JIT), or by being an understudy.  To contrast, off-the-job training methods happen outside the organization where employees attend things such as lectures, seminars, and conferences or they take part in simulation exercises like case studies and role-playing. It could also include vestibule, sensitivity or transactional training activities. Other training methods include:

Apprenticeship Training: system of training in which a worker entering the skilled trades is given thorough instruction and experience, both on and off the job, in the practical and theoretical aspects of the work.

Co-operative programs and internship programs: training programs that combine practical, on-the-job experience with formal education. Typically these programs are offered at colleges and universities.

Classroom instruction: information can be presented in lectures, demonstrations, films, and videotapes or through computer instruction. (This includes vestibule training where trainees are instructed in the operation of equipment.)

Self-Directed Learning: individuals work at their own pace during programmed instruction. Including books, manuals, or computers to break down subject-matter content into highly organized, logical sequences that demand a continuous response on the trainee's part.

Audiovisual: methods used to teach the skills and procedures required for a number of jobs.

Simulation: used when it is not practical or safe to train people on the actual equipment or within the actual work environment.

E-learning: training that uses computer and/or online resources. Such as CBT (computer-based training), videotapes, satellites and broadcast interactive TV/DVD/CD-ROM.

The benefits of training employees are increased productivity and performance in the workplace, uniformity of work processes, reduced supervision and reduced wastage, promoting employees from within, improving organizational structure and designs, boosting morale, better knowledge of policies and organization's goals, improved customer valuation and improved/updated technology. There is significant importance in training as it prepares employees for higher job responsibilities, shows employees they are valued, improves IT and computer processes, and tests the efficiency of new performance management systems. However, some believe training wastes time and money because, in certain cases, real life experience may trump education, and organizations want to spend less, not more.

Principles

When a company puts its employees through training programs, it must ensure that they are efficient and relevant to the employees' tasks in the organization as it is estimated that only 20-30% of training given to employees are used in the month later. To help mitigate this issue, some general principles should be followed to increase employees desire to take part in the program. These include:

 Self-efficacy: This means increasing the learners belief that they can fully comprehend the teachings.
 Attitude: An uncooperative attitude towards learning could hinder the individual's capability to grasp the knowledge being provided.
 Competence: This is the skill an individual develops that enables them to make good decisions efficiently.
 External motivators: These are the behaviours individuals present when a reward or extrinsic goal is given to them.

Motivation is an internal process that leads to an employee's behaviour and willingness to achieve organizational goals. Creating a motivational environment within an organization can help ensure employees achieve their highest level of productivity. Motivation can create an engaged workforce that enhances individual and organizational performance. The model for motivation is represented at the most basic level by motivators separated into two different categories:

 Intrinsic factors: These represent the internal factors to an individual, such as the difficulty of the work, achievement recognition, responsibility, opportunity for meaningful work, involvement in decision making, and importance within the organization.
 Extrinsic factors: These are external factors to the individual, such as job security, salary, benefits, work conditions, and vacations.

Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators link to employee performance in the workplace. A company's techniques to motivate employees are continually changing and evolving. Finding out what motivates employees can help businesses determine why people work in specific ways and perform at varying levels.

There are many basic training and development principles in human resource management. For instance, performance feedback is important as managers can use it to identify the employee's lack of skills in areas of the job and their approach to improving that weakness while maintaining behaviour.

Traditional constructive feedback, also known as weakness-based feedback, can often be viewed as malicious from the employees’ perspective. When interpreted negatively, employees lose motivation on the job, affecting their production level. The other kind of feedback that is more effective is known as strengths-based feedback. This feedback is more effective because it is easier to adjust the performance once the individual can separate flaws from strengths. The strengths-based feedback is positive feedback that allows the employees to recognize their strengths and further improve their performance with that knowledge. Using this strategy as a base for constructive feedback shows support and encouragement towards the employee, which boosts their confidence. Confidence in the workplace allows individuals to stay focused and engaged. However, the disadvantage of strengths-based feedback is failing to perform at one's full potential due to overconfidence.

Reinforcement is another critical principle of employee training and development. By positively reinforcing employees with encouragement or reward, managers can establish a desired pattern of behaviour. Studies have shown that reinforcement directly influences employee learning, which is highly correlated with performance after training. Reinforcement based training emphasizes the importance of communication between managers and trainees in the workplace. The more the training environment can be a positive, nurturing experience, the more—and faster—attendees are apt to learn.

Another essential aspect of reinforcement-based training is to discuss what has been taught in a training session and how employees can apply what they have learned to the job. This can be done by conducting pre and post-training brainstorming sessions.

Overall, managers play a significant role in reinforcing learning by systematically looking for ways to notice and thank the employee when they use the skills and knowledge from the training session. By positively reinforcing employees like this, they will become more comfortable in the workplace and more confident in their abilities, which ultimately positively affects their future performance.

Benefits
Training has been used in organizations for the past several decades. Although training and development requires investments of many types, there are cited benefits to integrating training and development into organizations:

 Increased productivity and job performance
 Skills development
Team development
Decreasing safety-related accidents

However, if the training and development is not strategic and pointed at specific goals, it can lead to more harm than good.  Needs assessments, especially when the training is being conducted on a large-scale, are frequently conducted in order to gauge what needs to be trained, how it should be trained, and how extensively. Needs assessments in the training and development context often reveal employee and management-specific skills to develop (e.g. for new employees), organizational-wide problems to address (e.g. performance issues), adaptations needed to suit changing environments (e.g. new technology), or employee development needs (e.g. career planning). The needs assessment can predict the degree of effectiveness of training and development programs and how closely the needs were met, the execution of the training (i.e. how effective the trainer was), and trainee characteristics (e.g. motivation, cognitive abilities). Effectiveness of training is typically done on an individual or team-level, with few studies investigating the impacts on organizations.

Occupation
The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) cites Training and Development Specialists as having a bright outlook, meaning that the occupation will grow rapidly or have several job openings in the next few years. Related professions include training and development managers, (chief) learning officers, industrial-organizational psychologists, and organization development consultants. Training and development specialists are equipped with the tools to conduct needs analyses, build training programs to suit the organization's needs by using various training techniques, create training materials, and execute and guide training programs.

See also

Andragogy - The theory of adult learning

References

Further reading

 Thelen, Kathleen. 2004. How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan. Cambridge University Press.

Human resource management
Organizational performance management
Training
Learning
Applied psychology
Personal development


Gazivoda Lake (, Liqeni i Ujëmani), Gazivode Lake ( / Jezero Gazivode), is an artificial lake in Kosovo and Serbia. Gazivoda Lake has an area of  of which  reside in North of Kosovo and  in Serbia's territory. The lake is formed by the damming of the Ibar River, which flows into the lake.

History
As a project, the damming of the Ibar for the creation of a reservoir and thus the generation of hydroelectricity existed since the 1960s to cover for the energy needs of the population and the economy of Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo which were expanding at the time. Gazivoda was created between 1973 and 1978. Some sources claim that up to 1000 or 230 people that lived in area were relocated. The project was undertaken by Energoprojekt, the state company of Yugoslavia for the development of hydropower. The main contractor was Belgrade-based company "Hidrotehnika".

The construction of Gazivoda cost $90 million. Half of it was financed by the fund for infrastructure development of Yugoslavia, a fund which was paid for by taxation in all federal republics and autonomous regions. The other 50% was financed by loans from the World Bank. The dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s and the independence of Kosovo in 2008 have resulted in a dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the Kosovo about the ownership of Gazivoda. Serbian sources maintain that it should be recognized as the legal owner of the project as most loan obligations were transferred to Serbia in the post-Yugoslav era. Kosovan sources maintain that the legal entity responsible for the loans by the World Bank was the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, while Serbia as a legal entity was not involved in the financing of the project. Kosovo further asserts that indemnities to the people that were relocated both in the Autonomous Province and Kosovo and Serbia were paid solely by the institutions of Province of Kosovo.

The dam is currently controlled by the Serbs habituating North of Kosovo, Serbs loyal to Serbia.

Archeological findings
In the area of the Ibar basin, a Roman necropolis and the medieval court of queen consort Helen of Anjou was located in Brnjak, near Zubin Potok where she founded a vocational course for poor girls that locals have called the first school for women in the Balkans. In the lake, tombstones, possibly medieval artifacts, Serbian Orthodox churches, and 19th-century houses have been found. Whether they are related to ancient and medieval periods remains unclear. A team of Russian archaeologists has undertaken the project of mapping archaeological findings in the lake and investigating any possible links to antiquity.

References

Lakes of Kosovo
Tutin, Serbia
Lakes of Serbia


The 1924 Giro d'Italia was the 12th edition of the Giro d'Italia, a Grand Tour organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The race began on 10 May in Milan with a stage that stretched  to Genoa, finishing back in Milan on 1 June after a  stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Giuseppe Enrici. Second and third respectively were the Italian riders Federico Gay and Angiolo Gabrielli.

The 'start list' was reduced because of a strike, so the organiser Gazzetta dello Sport allowed independent riders to enter without support teams, as they provided bed, board and massage.  The event was unique because of the participation of Alfonsina Strada, the only female competitor in the history of the Giro. Entry number 72 was granted to Alfonsin Strada to conceal her gender. She successfully completed the first 7 stages but a series of crashes and punctures between L'Aquila and Perugia led to her exclusion (such was her heroism that the organisers allowed her to continue each stage without inclusion in the overall classification). Her final time was 20 hours behind of the first classified in Milan.

Participants

The peloton was completely composed of Italians for the second consecutive year. Notable riders that started the race included Giuseppe Enrici, Federico Gay and Bartolomeo Aymo. Former winners Costante Girardengo and Giovanni Brunero, along with Ottavio Bottecchia, Gaetano Belloni, and other top riders chose not participate in the race due to disagreements over appearance fees with the organizers. In order to get the appropriate number of riders, the organizers offered room and board, along with food, for all those who entered. The riders were all considered to be independent as many riders were in disagreement with their teams over money. Of the 90 riders that began the Giro d'Italia on 10 May, 30 of them made it to the finish in Milan on 1 June.

The 1924 edition of the race saw the first and only ever woman participate. Alfonsina Strada entered the race as "Alfonsin Strada" to conceal her gender. She previously raced against men in the Giro di Lombardia in 1917 and 1918. She was widely regarded as the best female cyclist in Italy at the time. Her identity was uncovered and made public by La Gazzetta dello Sport on 14 May when they published the headline "Alfonsina e la bici." Strada completed the first seven stages, but finished outside the time limit on the eighth stage where she fell several times and arrived in Perugia fifteen hours after starting. The organizers, however, asked her to continue riding to the race's finish because of the heightened interest in the race due to a woman participating in a men's event.

Final standings

Stage results

General classification

There were 30 cyclists who had completed all twelve stages. For these cyclists, the times they had needed in each stage was added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the winner. Angiolo Gabrielli won the prize for best ranked independent rider in the general classification.

Aftermath

Enrici became the first foreign born winner of the Giro d'Italia. Although he maintained Italian citizenship, Enrici was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the United States.

References

Notes

Citations

1924
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia


"This Side of Paradise"  is a single by Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams, his fourth and last single from his studio album Room Service, released in 2005. Unlike previous singles, "Open Road" and "Room Service", it didn't chart in the UK or Germany, but it did reach number 20 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart in the US.

Chart positions

References

2004 songs
2005 singles
Bryan Adams songs
Songs written by Gretchen Peters
Songs written by Bryan Adams
Universal Music Group singles


Black Horse Tavern may refer to:

 Black Horse Tavern (Old Saybrook, Connecticut)
 Black Horse Tavern (Belfast, Maine)
 Black Horse Tavern (Mendham, New Jersey)
 Black Horse Tavern (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania)
 Black Horse Tavern (Canonsburg, Pennsylvania)
 Black Horse Tavern-Bellvue Hotel and Office, Roanoke, Virginia
 Black Horse, Northfield a public house in Northfield, Birmingham


Henry Shiu-Lung Tsang  (born 6 November 1943; ) is a Chinese-born Australian architect, politician and formerly a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1999 until his resignation effective 3 December 2009.

Early years
Tsang was born to parents Tik Fai Tsang and Woon-Wah Young in a Hakka village in Jiangxi Province, China on 6 November 1943. In 1949 Tsang and his family fled to Hong Kong as refugees. He grew up in Hong Kong but emigrated to Australia in 1961. After arriving in Australia, he attended Vaucluse Boys' High School and went on to study at the University of Sydney, obtaining a Bachelor of Architecture in 1961. He undertook further studies at the University of Technology, Sydney and was awarded a Graduate Diploma in Building Science.

He was Senior Vice Chairman of the Ethnic Communities Council of New South Wales from 1987 to 1990. In 1991 he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for his services to ethnic communities and received the 2001 Centenary Medal for his "service to the celebration of the Centenary of Federation".

Political career
He was elected to Council of the City of Sydney in September 1991, the first Asian Australian to be elected to that council, and was also elected unopposed as the Deputy Lord Mayor of Sydney. He faced re-election and was re-elected in September 1995 and continued as Deputy Lord Mayor until 1999. He was a Member of Australia's national delegation to the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit. He was also a national delegate to the United Nations World Urban Forum in Curitiba, and he had the honour of chairing the opening session.

He was a member of the Board of Australia-China Council. He was a member of the Multicultural Advisory Committee to the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG), a Member of the New South Wales Tourism Task Force, and a Member of the Board of Architects of New South Wales, a Member of the Inner Sydney Waste Board and a Member of the Casino Community Benefit Fund Trustees.

He was number eight on the Australian Labor Party ticket for 1999 state election, and despite having a low position on the ticket, was subsequently elected to the Council. He was re-elected in 2007.

Tsang served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Premier and to the Treasurer on Trade and Investment until November 2009, when he was replaced by Premier Nathan Rees after he failed to declare gifts and accommodation from Chinese-backed construction group Hightrade.

He was a member of the General Purpose Standing Committee and was the Legislative Council Representative on the Senate of the University of Sydney in 2003 and 2004.

He married Donna Pow, a concert pianist, on 10 June 1972.

References

1942 births
Living people
Architects from Sydney
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
University of Technology Sydney alumni
University of Sydney alumni
People from Wuhua
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
Politicians from Meizhou
21st-century Australian politicians
Deputy Lord Mayors of Sydney
Hong Kong emigrants to Australia
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Australian people of Chinese descent
Australian politicians of Asian descent
Foreign born Australian politicians


Babatunde Enitan Wusu (born April 4, 1984 in Lagos, Nigeria) is a football striker from Nigeria who currently plays for KTP.

He also has a Finnish citizenship.

Career
The top scorer 2008 of Ykkönen moved on 1 January 2008 from Jyväskylän Jalkapalloklubi to Turun Palloseura. Babatunde is very strong and straight forward who is known for his goal scoring ability. He rejoined JJK on a three-year contract on 11 November 2010.

Honours

Club
  Jyväskylän Jalkapalloklubi
 Ykkönen : 2008
 Ykkönen top scorer: 2008 (22 Goals)
 Players' Player in the Ykkönen: 2008
  TPS
 Finnish Cup: 2010

External links
Profile at FCJJK.com
Profile Ykkönen
Profile at Veikkausliiga.com

References

1984 births
Footballers from Lagos
Living people
Nigerian men's footballers
Nigerian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Finland
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Veikkausliiga players
Turun Palloseura footballers
Ljungskile SK players
JJK Jyväskylä players
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Finland
UAE First Division League players
Khor Fakkan Club players
Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat players
Men's association football forwards
Finnish people of Nigerian descent
Naturalized citizens of Finland


IBA (Ion Beam Applications SA) is a medical technology company based in Louvain-la-Neuve. The company was founded in 1986 by Yves Jongen within the Cyclotron Research Center of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) and became a university spin-off. It employs about 1500 people in 40 locations. The company developed cyclotrons and integrated proton therapy centers is active in the field of proton therapy, dosimetry, radiopharmacy solutions and industrial sterilisation.

IBA installed its first proton therapy equipment for Boston's Massachusetts General Hospital in 2001, and for Philadelphia's Penn Hospital in 2009.

It supplied equipment and services to Proton Partners International which was developing three proton beam therapy centers in the United Kingdom.

In 2017, IBA invested €16 million in the construction of a new logistics and production center in Louvain-la-Neuve.

References

Medical technology companies of Belgium
Companies based in Walloon Brabant
Belgian brands


Moshe Landau () (29 April 1912 – 1 May 2011) was an Israeli judge. He was the fifth President of the Supreme Court of Israel.

Biography
Landau was born in Danzig, Germany (modern Gdańsk, Poland) to Dr. Isaac Landau and Betty née Eisenstädt. His father was a leading member of the Jewish Community of Danzig
In 1930 he finished high school in the Free City of Danzig and in 1933 he graduated from the University of London School of Law. That year, he immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine. In 1937 he was admitted to the Bar of Palestine. In 1940 he was made judge in the Magistrate's Court of Haifa and was appointed to the District Court in 1948.

Judicial career

1953: Appointed a Supreme Court judge.
1957: Sat on the court-martial – Criminal Court of Appeals, discussing the problem of "Lawful Orders" in the case of the killing of 48 Arabs in the village Kafr Qasim.
1961: Presided over the Eichmann Trial.
1962: Set a precedent regarding the freedom of information by overruling a censor decision.
1965: As Chairman of the Israeli Central Elections Committee he was the first to disqualify a "subversive" list from running for the Knesset.
1974: Member of the Agranat Commission.
1976: Deputy President of the Supreme Court.
1980: President of Supreme Court until 1982.
1987: Headed the Landau Commission to investigate the Shin Bet's procedures. The commission found frequent cases of perjury in court and violations of the law. The commission acknowledged that "moderate physical pressure" might sometimes be necessary as an interrogation tool. Israeli human rights groups maintained that the practices authorized by the commission amounted to torture. The commission's report was nullified in 1999 by a Supreme Court ruling.

Other positions held

Member of the International Court of Justice. Chairman of the World Zionist Congress tribunal. Chairman of the advisory Commissions on reforming the Israeli Land Law, criminal procedure and administrative tribunals. Chairman of the commission for recognition of righteous among the nations in Yad Vashem. From 1956 to 1962 and from 1965 to 1966 he served as chairman of the board of directors of the Technion.

Awards and honours
Landau received honorary doctorates from the Technion in 1980 and from the Hebrew Union College in 1997.

In 1991, he was awarded the Israel Prize for law. In 1993, he was made an honorary chairman of the Technion's board of directors.

See also
 List of Israel Prize recipients

References

1912 births
2011 deaths
Alumni of the University of London
Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Israel
Israel Prize in law recipients
Jurists from Gdańsk
People from West Prussia
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Adolf Eichmann
Burials at Har HaMenuchot


The biathlon competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics were held at Whistler Olympic Park in Whistler, British Columbia. The events were held between the 13th and 26 February 2010.

The men's individual biathlon was notable for the awarding of two silver medals due to two competitors finishing with a tie (48:32.0). No bronze medal was awarded in this event.

Medal summary

Medal table

Men's events

Women's events

Events
A total of ten biathlon events were held at Vancouver 2010:

Competition schedule
All times are Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8).

Qualification

Athlete quotas
Athlete quotas: 220 athletes (113 men, 107 women)
A NOC may enter no more than 12 athletes (6 men and 6 women), and no more than 4 athletes per event.

Quotas by events:
 Individual: 88 (men's), 87 (women's)
 Sprint: 88 (men's), 87 (women's)
 Pursuit: 60 athletes1
 Mass start: 30 athletes
 Relay: 20 teams (80 athletes)
1Qualification to the pursuit is based on results from the sprint

Eligibility criteria
All competitors must comply with one of the three minimum qualifications standards set forward by the IBU:
 The athlete must have achieved a time that is less than 20% higher than the average time of the top 3 during a sprint or individual in the European Cup (IBU Cup), including the European championships, during the 2010/2009 or the 2009/2008 season.
or
 The athlete must achieve a top-half finish in the 2010 or 2009 World Junior Championships.
or
 The athlete must have participated in a Biathlon world cup or world championships during the 2008/2009 or 2009/2010 season.
 All members of a relay team must comply with those criteria.

Additionally, only athletes representing an NOC that is recognized by the IOC and member of the IBU can participate in the games.

Qualification criteria
All 220 quota places will be awarded using a point ranking combining the 2008 and 2009 Biathlon World Championships.

Men's
 Rank 1 to 5: six athletes
 Rank 6 to 20: five athletes
 Rank 21 to 28: one athlete

Women's
 Rank 1 to 5: six athletes
 Rank 6 to 15: five athletes
 Rank 16 to 20: four athletes
 Rank 21 to 27: one athlete

Participating nations
According to final report by VANOC these were the final participation numbers:

Rejected quota places: Finland earned five spots in both genders, but decided to send only two men and two women. Poland qualified 5 men, but sent only two men. Slovenia had earned 5 spots each, but decided to send only four women and men. Great Britain (women), Belgium (men), the Netherlands (men), and Austria (women) rejected their single spots earned in either men's or women's. Greenland has no NOC, so Greenland's spot earned in men's competition was used by Denmark.

References

See also

 Biathlon at the 2010 Winter Paralympics

2010
2010 Winter Olympics events
Winter Olympics
Biathlon competitions in Canada


Radoniq Lake (;  / Radonjićko jezero) is a lake in Kosovo. After Gazivoda Lake, it is the second largest in the country at 5.62 km2.

Back in the 80‘s, there used to be a town under this lake. However during the process of making this artificial lake, the town had to be sunk under it. The residents had, of course, moved from the town once this happened. During different times of the year, once the tide is low, the very top of a church can be seen, as it remains still intact. It is a widely known fact to the people around the lake. However not many visitors know the whole story of this lake.

In 1998, the lake was the site of the Lake Radonjić massacre.

See also

 List of lakes of Kosovo

References

Lakes of Kosovo


The Phoenician Club is a former entertainment venue in Sydney, Australia.  It was located in Ultimo, New South Wales at the corner of Broadway and Mountain Street, opposite St Barnabas Church. The venue itself had gone through various uses and had different names before it became the Phoenician Club, a meeting place for Sydney's Maltese community, in 1980. Before then, the building and the club had existed separately. The Phoenician Club had existed as a social organisation since 1963. The building had at various times functioned as a cinema and television studio, among other roles. The Phoenician Club became well known for hosting rock concerts, which provided its owners with a steady source of income for running community activities.  It was a popular venue for both Australian and overseas groups and many concerts took place at the club during its history.  Following the death of Anna Wood, a high school student who died from taking the drug ecstasy while attending a rave party at the venue, significant restrictions were imposed on the club, eventually leading to its closure in 1998.

History

The premises opened as the Broadway Theatre in 1911, initially screening silent films.  It was later rewired for sound when talking movies became widespread in the late 1920s.  Until its redevelopment in 2001, the building had been one of the oldest surviving purpose-built cinemas in Sydney.  The building operated as a cinema until 1960.

The premises were run as a discothèque called Jonathan's Disco from 1968 to 1972 and is notable in the history of the Australian pop band Sherbet, who played a formative eight-month residency there during 1970.  It was here that they were first seen by their future manager Roger Davies. Sherbet shared residency at the venue with the group Fraternity and AC/DC also played at the venue during this period. Following a fire at the premises in 1972, the building was derelict until it was re-opened as a ballroom in 1976. In 1980, Sydney City Council granted consent for the Maltese community to take over the premises as the Phoenician Club.  By becoming a licensed venue, the premises' role as a major music venue in Sydney significantly expanded.  This gave the club a reliable source of revenue for its community activities.

The Phoenician Club became a popular rock venue in the 1980s, hosting many concerts by both local and overseas groups.  Simulations of Manchester techno dance parties were held at the club in 1991. In January 1992, Nirvana played their first Australian show there. It became the focus of a major public controversy in 1995 following the death of Sydney teenager Anna Wood, who died from a cerebral oedema after taking the drug ecstasy while attending a rave dance party at the venue.  The club survived calls for it to be immediately closed down in the ensuing public fall-out over Wood's death.  Fines and restrictions imposed on it by the courts and Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing significantly reduced its role as a major music venue. The club eventually closed down in 1998 with the building once again becoming derelict.  It was redeveloped in 2001 and has since re-opened with new commercial occupants.

References

External links
The day the music died

Culture of Sydney
Defunct nightclubs in Australia
Community organizations
Buildings and structures in Sydney
Organisations based in Sydney
Nightclubs in Sydney
Licensed clubs in New South Wales


The Battle of Meßkirch was fought on 4 May 1800 and 5 May 1800 and resulted the victory of French army against the Austrians.

Overview
See the Messkirch 1800 Order of Battle for details of the French and Austrian armies in the campaign.

On 25 April 1800, the French Armée d'Allemagne, under Jean Victor Marie Moreau, crossed the Rhine River at Kehl and Schaffhausen. The 1st Demi-Brigade, of the Corps led by Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, conquered St. Georgen and entered the Black Forest at Freiburg im Breisgau. After conquering Stuhlingen, 25 km south of Donaueschingen, the unit took part in the Battle of Stockach and Engen on 3 May 1800, after which the Austrian retreated to Meßkirch where they enjoyed a more favourable defensive position.

The French repeatedly assaulted the town on 4 May 1800 and 5 May 1800, both attempts being in vain. The 1st Demi-Brigade, despite the Austrian superiority there, was able to conquer Krumbach and the heights surrounding it, which commanded Meßkirch. Therefore, the Austrian moved back to Sigmaringen, followed by the French. The Battle of Biberach ensued on 9 May 1800.

See also
Campaigns of 1800 in the French Revolutionary Wars

Notes

References

 Heinrich Bücheler, Werner Fischer, Roland Kessinger: Die Schlacht bei Meßkirch 5ter Mai 1800: Gedenkband zum 200. Jahrestag. Museumsgesellschaft Meßkirch (Hrsg.). Gmeiner Verlag. Meßkirch. 1. Auflage 2000.
 Kempf: Unsere Heimat in den Napoleonischen Kriegen. In: Derselbe: Das Gögginger Dorfbuch. Gemeinde Göggingen. Göggingen 1969. S. 365 ff.

Conflicts in 1800
Messkirch 1800
Messkirch 1800
1800 in the Habsburg monarchy
1800 in France
1800
Messkirch (1800)
Battles of the War of the Second Coalition
1800 in the Holy Roman Empire
Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
May 1800 events


The bobsleigh competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at the Whistler Sliding Centre between 20 and 27 February 2010.

Medal summary

Medal table

Events
Three bobsleigh events were held at Vancouver 2010:

Competition schedule
All times are Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8).

Practice
Germany's André Lange had the fastest time in two-man practice on the night of 17 February 2010. There were eight crashes among 57 runs taken that night. Three crashes occurred during the 18 February 2010 two-man training session. Among the crashes in the two-man event were Switzerland's Beat Hefti and Daniel Schmid who both withdrew from the two man event. Meanwhile, Latvia's Janis Minins withdrew to appendicitis and the emergency surgery that followed on 12 February. Minins returned to competition for the four-man event eleven days later.

Supplemental training was offered on 19 February 2010 to both the two-woman and four-man bobsleigh events out of caution and further preparation for both events that would take place the following week. American bobsledder Shona Rohbock expressed concerns on the 19th that the track could generate speeds that are too dangerous for racing. She stated that she had never experienced speeds at even bobsleigh track she had experienced, event at the St. Moritz track. Officials had told Rohbock that they are considering sanding the runners to slow down the sleds to slow down the speeds. Elana Meyers, an American brakewoman, commented on Twitter that same day that "We (referring to her and her driver Erin Pac) went .. that's fast!" One crash occurred on the 19th for the two-woman event when Dutch bobsledder Esme Kamphuis crashed out in the final corners of the track.

Minor changes were made to the track on 22 February 2010 after bobsleigh four-man teams from Latvia and Croatia rolled over in supplementary training. Following a meeting with 11 team captains, training runs were postponed by the FIBT until later that day to adjust the shape of turn 11 so it would be easier for sleds to get through the rest of the track without crashing. FIBT spokesman Don Krone stated that "...some drivers have been experiencing difficulties transitioning from turn 11 to turn 12." As a result, Krone stated that "The FIBT track commission, in conjunction with VANOC and with advice from a number of team captains, are working on the shape of turn 11 to make it easier for drivers to get high enough on 11 to turn 12 so that they can successfully make it through turn 13." Krone also stated that it was common that the profile of corners were changed when it was being used by other sliding disciplines (luge and skeleton).

After track alterations were done on 23 February 2010, the two fastest four-man times were done by Germany's Lange and the United States' Holcomb. Australia withdrew its four-man team on 23 February 2010 to two of its crew members, Duncan Harvey and Duncan Pugh, suffering concussions. Australia chef de mission Ian Chesterman stated that the decision was not taken lightly and was done on the side of safety. Meanwhile, Latvia's Janis Minins returned to practice on the 23rd in the wake of the emergency surgery on 12 February in the wake of an appendicitis attack.

Lange had the fastest practice times on the 24th with the final two practices taking place on the 25th. That same day, Australia withdrew to injuries to Harvey and Pugh of Australia while Edwin van Calker of the Netherlands withdrew to a lack of confidence of driving the four-man sled during the event. This was also despite no crashes during four-man training had taken place prior to the 24th. The Dutch team supported van Calker's decision on this. Minins withdrew from the four-man event on the 25th to crashing twice during practice where one of his crews suffering a concussion and another suffering bruised lungs and elbows.

Qualifying

Athlete/NOC quota
170 athletes are allowed to compete in accordance with the International Olympic Committee and the International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation (FIBT). This includes 130 for two-man and four-man bobsleigh (30 teams for each type of men's bobsleigh), and 40 for two-woman bobsleigh (20 teams).

Qualification system
The best result of each driver will be ranked by the FIBT, including World Cup and lesser known Cup. These races scored are the same ones as the World Cup event. These driver must rank among the top 50 in the FIBT for the 2009–10 season by 17 January 2010, held at St. Moritz, Switzerland. For men's bobsleigh, three countries can send three teams, seven countries can send two teams, and seven more countries can send one team (Applies to both two-man and four-man). For women's bobsleigh, two countries can send three teams, four countries can send two teams, and six countries can send one team. For all three events, the host country is included provided they meet the minimum requirements. Each NOC declared their entries on 22 January 2010. Entering the World Cup event in St. Moritz, the top two countries to have three two-woman teams were Germany and the United States. For two-man, the top three countries to have three teams were Germany, Switzerland, and the United States while for four-man, the three countries to have three teams were Germany, Russia, and the United States. This was announced on 20 January 2010. Reallocation was announced on 26 January 2010.

Austria declined their second spot in the four men event. Australia takes this spot instead.

Notes

Competing nations
The following nations have entered the following number of athletes.

References

External links

 Qualification System
 Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games Competition Schedule v12

2010 Winter Olympics
2010 Winter Olympics events
Olympics
Bobsleigh in Canada


The National Governance Association (NGA), founded as the National Governors' Association, is a representative body for school governors and trustees of state-funded schools in England. It was formed in February 2006 via the merger of two predecessor organisations: the National Governors’ Council (NGC) and the National Association of School Governors (NASG). It has its headquarters in Birmingham.

The National Governors' Council was founded in 1994, on the initiative of Jack Morrish.

Purpose
The NGA works for school governors, trustees and clerks by:
 Representing and supporting governors, trustees and clerks in maintained schools and academies
 Providing information, advice, guidance, research and training
 Working closely with, and lobbying, UK government and educational bodies
 Supporting local governor associations and governing bodies
 Producing high quality guidance and information
 Organising regional events and national conferences

Membership
School governors, trustees and clerks can join the NGA as individuals or join up their governing boards as 'standard' or 'gold' members. Local authorities, education organisations and education businesses can support the work of the NGA as corporate members and local governor associations can also become members of NGA.

Services
GOLDline: NGA runs a confidential telephone advice line for its Gold members for legal and general advice

Training and Consultancy: the NGA offers a consultancy and training service which is open to all governing boards in England

Policies
The NGA promotes the work of governors and trustees at the national level. The NGA works closely with and lobbies government and the major educational bodies to ensure that the views of governors are fully represented in the national arena. In 2014 NGA produced a manifesto calling for:
 School governance to be given greater prominence in central and local government policy making
 Induction training to be provided free of charge for all new school governors and trustees
 The government to provide financial incentives to encourage effective collaboration and to schools wishing to join together in LA Maintained federations as well as Multi Academy Trusts
 School funding to be distributed fairly with three-year indicative budgets introduced for capital and revenue funding and for the level of school funding to be increased
 The supply of high quality headteachers and teachers to be taken seriously and for the government to take action to prevent serious staffing shortages
 The promotion of professional governing board clerks
 A reduction in the number of new initiatives from central government and a period of relative stability to allow schools to continue to improve
 More flexibility from employers to give their staff time off to govern

Local associations
Local Associations are volunteer local bodies; they are link between a school governing body and its local authority. A strong local association can make an enormous difference to governing body effectiveness. Some local associations have thousands of members, organise meetings and conferences and have their own websites. Others are small local groups. Many local authorities facilitate the formation of local governor associations, some go further and provide resources and clerking support. The NGA supports local associations with information, and acts as an information conduit to central government, to make sure the local voice is heard. The NGA can offer assistance to support a local association if problems arise with the local authority.

Publications
Welcome to Governance: a guide for newly appointed school governors

The Chair's Handbook: a guide for chairs of governing boards

See also
School governor

References

External links
Official website

Education in the United Kingdom


A Customer Advisory Council (also referred to as a Customer Advisory Board or CAB) is a form of market research whereby a group of existing customers is convened on a regular basis to advise company management on industry trends, business priorities, and strategic direction. The CAB differs from traditional focus groups in the following ways:

 Membership is made up of senior executives from customer companies, not product users
 Topics of discussion tend to be more strategic than tactical

Composition
Customer advisory councils and CABs typically consist of 10 to 15 customers selected to represent a cross section of the customer base.  Proper selection of attendees requires identifying not only the most strategic customer company, but also the proper individual who can best represent their company's needs, priorities, and directions. Key individuals who have a strong relationship with the sponsoring company and have valuable ideas to contribute are ideal candidates.  Membership may also benefit from a few outspoken customers who have voiced strong complaints in the past about existing business practice.

Frequency and format
It is common practice for customer advisory councils to meet 1-2 times per year.  More frequent meetings are usually not practical due to time constraints of participants.  Furthermore, it takes a significant amount of time to process the advisory council recommendations and implement them within the existing company strategy.

Meetings are usually held face-to-face for half a day or more.  Meetings can also be held via teleconference or through interactive means though the level of 2-way dialogue may suffer.  Meeting agendas usually leave ample time for facilitated discussion using a variety of brainstorming and workshop techniques.

Council member expectations
Council members usually participate on a voluntary basis for the opportunity to influence company direction in a way which is beneficial to their own needs as well as the customer community.  To maintain credibility it is important that the sponsors are committed to follow through on key recommendations made by the council or at minimum provide a rational explanation for those recommendations which are ultimately not implemented.  Participants also typically benefit from the prestige of participation, ability to network with each other as well as with company officers, and opportunity to share best practices and new ideas.

See also
 Focus group
 Online research community
 Observational techniques

Market research


David McCurdy (July 29, 1810 – June 10, 1905) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Victoria County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1873 to 1878 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Onslow, Nova Scotia, the son of James McCurdy and Agnes Archibald. His mother was the daughter of Matthew Archibald, who had earlier served in the provincial assembly. McCurdy married Mary Archibald in 1832. He moved to Baddeck in 1865. McCurdy ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1871 and was then elected in an 1873 by-election held after Charles James Campbell was named to the Legislative Council. He was elected again in the general election that followed in 1874. In 1878, McCurdy was named to the province's Legislative Council. He died in Baddeck at the age of 94.

His son William also served in the provincial assembly and his son Arthur became an inventor and astronomer.

References

1810 births
1905 deaths
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLCs
People from Colchester County


Gente (Italian: People) is a popular and long-running Italian weekly current affairs and celebrity gossip magazine.

History and profile
Gente was launched in Milan in 1957. Its founder and publisher was Edilio Rusconi, an Italian journalist, writer, publisher and film producer. The magazine was the flagship of Rusconi Group. The magazine was part of Rusconi Group until 1999 when the Group was acquired by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, a subsidiary of Lagardère SCA.

The magazine was published by Hachette Rusconi under the Hachette Filipacchi Médias ownership. It was owned by Hachette Filipacchi Médias until 2011 when it was acquired by Hearst Magazines. It is published on a weekly basis.

Circulation
In 1964 the circulation of Gente was 331,000 copies which rose to 390,000 copies in 1968.

Gente had a circulation of 667,553 copies in 1984. It rose to 769,185 copies between September 1993 and August 1994. In 2000 the magazine had a circulation of 690,000 copies. The 2004 circulation of the magazine was 573,000 copies. It was 411,425 copies in 2007. Its circulation was 332,340 copies in 2010.

See also
 List of magazines in Italy

References

External links

1957 establishments in Italy
Celebrity magazines
Hearst Communications publications
Italian-language magazines
Magazines established in 1957
Magazines published in Milan
News magazines published in Italy
Weekly magazines published in Italy


Quantwan Juaray Cosby (born December 23, 1982) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football for the Texas Longhorns. He also played four years of professional baseball for the Anaheim Angels' organization.

Cosby has also been a member of the Denver Broncos, Indianapolis Colts, and the Jacksonville Jaguars.

References

External links

 Cincinnati Bengals bio
 Jacksonville Jaguars bio

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Texas
Players of American football from Texas
American football wide receivers
American football return specialists
Texas Longhorns football players
Arizona League Angels players
Provo Angels players
Cedar Rapids Kernels players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Denver Broncos players
Indianapolis Colts players
Jacksonville Jaguars players


The cross-country skiing competition of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver were held at Whistler Olympic Park. The events were held between 15 and 28 February 2010.

Medals summary

Medal table

Men's events

Women's events

Competition schedule
All times are Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8).

Qualification
Across the twelve cross-country skiing events, a maximum of 310 athletes are allowed to compete. No nation can have more than 20 skiers competing, with an additional limit of 12 men or 12 women per specific nation. For each event, a nation can enter four skiers in individual events and one team in relay races.

"A" Competitors with less than 100 distance FIS points will be allowed to compete in any event. Competitors with less than 120 sprint FIS points will be allowed to compete in sprint events only.

"B" Countries that do not have a skier that meets the "A" Qualification standard have the right to enter one male and one female skier in either the sprint or the 10 km (women)/ 15 km (men) on condition that the skiers competed at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 and have a maximum of 300 FIS points in the event concerned.

A basic quota of one man and one woman was assigned to all nations competing. Each nation with a skier in the top 300 of the distance or sprint FIS points lists was allocated one additional quota place. For top 30 in the 2009-10 Cross-Country Skiing World Cup extra quota places were allocated separately for both genders, nations with two or more skiers in the top 30 earning two more skiers and nations with one skier in the top 30 earning one extra place. The remaining quotas were allocated to countries based on the FIS point allocation list. Once a nation reached the maximum of 20 slots it became ineligible to earn any more slots. Quota places not used up by the National Olympic Committees were returned to the pool and reallocated. This process started on 18 January 2006 and ran until 28 January 2010.

Participating nations
55 countries participated in the 2010 edition.

See also
 Cross-country skiing at the 2010 Winter Paralympics

References

 May 2009 FIS Qualification for the 2010 Winter Olympics. - accessed 21 January 2010. Cross-country skiing is on pages 4–6.

2010 Winter Olympics
2010 Winter Olympics events
Olympics
Cross-country skiing competitions in Canada


Berim is a mountain in Kosovo, which is part of Mokra Gora. It is  high and is located on the Bjeshkët e Thata, or Barren Mountains. It is in the municipality of Zubin Potok. From its peak parts of Gazivoda Lake can be seen.

References

Mountains of Kosovo