The Daunians () were an Iapygian tribe that inhabited northern Apulia in classical antiquity. Two other Iapygian tribes, the Peucetians and the Messapians, inhabited central and southern Apulia respectively. All three tribes spoke the Messapic language, but had developed separate archaeological cultures by the seventh century BC.

The Daunians lived in the Daunia region, which extended from the Daunian Mountains river in the southeast to the Gargano peninsula in the northwest. This region is mostly coincident with the Province of Foggia and part of Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani today. Daunians and Oscans came into contact in northern Daunia and southern Samnite regions. Gradually, parts of northern Daunia became "Oscanized".

Name
The ethnonym is connected to the name of the wolf, plausibly the totemic animal of this nation. The cult of the wolf was widespread in ancient Italy and was related to the Arcadian mystery cult. Daunos means wolf, according to ancient glosses, and is cognate with Greek τηαυνος (thaunos) (compare τηēριον (thērion) in the lexicon of Hesychius of Alexandria), from an Indo-European root *dhau- 'to strangle', meaning literally 'strangler'. Among the Daunian towns one may mention Lucera (Leucaria) and among other nations the ethnonym of the Lucani (Loucanoi) and that of the Hirpini, from another word meaning 'wolf'. The outcome of the Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirate *dh is proper to the Illyrian languages and so is different from the corresponding Latin faunus and Oscan, which is not attested.

Origins

At the end of the Bronze Age (11th-10th centuries BC) and during the transition to the Iron Age, Illyrian groups from the eastern Adriatic migrated to Italy. The descendants of the tribes which arrived in Apulia, collectively known as the Iapygians, were the Peucetians, Messapians and Daunians. The broader region was inhabited by Italic peoples of Southern Italy with whom the Iapygians maintained contacts; among them are the Ausones/Oscans, Sabines, Lucani, Paeligni, Bruttii, Campanians, Aequi, Samnites and Frentani. Strabo in a mythological construction to explain the foundation of Taranto, connects the Iapygians with Cretans. Strabo recounts that they were descendants of Iapyx and a Cretan woman. Archaeological material shows little contact between Iapygians and Greek colonists. The retroactive ascription of a Cretan or Arkadian heritage for the Iapygians was simply constructed for political purposes of the time these sources were written.

Genetics

A genetic study published in 2022 examined DNA extracted from three necropoleis: Ordona, Salapia and San Giovanni Rotondo, which during the Iron Age have been linked to the Daunian region. Most samples from Ordona and Salapia date to the Daunian period and some samples from San Giovanni Rotondo date more broadly to the Iron Age. Paternal haplogroups of seven Iron Age samples were identified. Two paternal lineages of the Iron Age samples belong to J-M241, one of them could be further processed as J-L283+. Two Iron Age samples belonged to R-M269, one further designated as Z2103+ and one to I-M223.

Iron Age Daunians showed the highest autosomal affinity with Early Iron Age Illyrian populations from Croatia and populations which were formed in Italy in the Roman Republican era, which both can be broadly included in a pan-Mediterranean genetic continuum (stretching from Crete to Republican Rome and the Iberian peninsula). Links to Minoans/Crete and Iron Age Greeks/Arkadia are less likely. A parsimonious explanation of the Daunian's origin favors a genetic continuity between the Daunians and the population that inhabited the area prior to the historical period that was analyzed, although additional influences from Croatia (ancient Illyria) cannot be excluded, as described by the material remains and the available historical sources.

Presence in ancient Italy

The Daunii were similar to but also different from the Peucetii and Messapii, who settled in central and southern Puglia. Having been also less influenced by the Campanian civilization, it had thus a more peculiar culture, featuring in particular the Daunian steles, a series of funerary monuments sculpted in the 7th-6th centuries BC in the plain south of Siponto, and now mostly housed in the National Archeological Museum of Manfredonia. Particularly striking is the Daunian pottery (as yet little studied) which begins with geometric patterns but which eventually includes crude human, bird and plant figures.

The main Daunian centers were Teanum Apulum (within the modern San Paolo di Civitate), Uria Garganica, the location of which though is not known with certainty, Casone, Lucera, Merinum (Vieste), Monte Saraceno (near Mattinata), Siponto, Coppa Nevigata, Cupola, Salapia (near Cerignola and Manfredonia), Arpi (near Foggia), Aecae (near Troia), Vibinum (Bovino), Castelluccio dei Sauri, Herdonia (Ordona), Ausculum (Ascoli Satriano), Ripalta (near Cerignola), Canosa di Puglia, Lavello and Venosa. Since its settlement, Messapic was in contact with the Italic languages of the region. In the centuries before Roman annexation, the frontier between Messapic and Oscan ran through Frentania-Irpinia-Lucania-Apulia, the transboundary region between Daunians and Oscan-speaking Italic groups. An "Oscanization" and "Samnitization" process gradually took place which is attested in contemporary sources via the attestation of dual identities for settlements. In these regions an Oscan/Lucanian population and a large Daunian element intermixed in different ways. Larinum, a settlement which has produced a large body of Oscan onomastics is described as a "Daunian city" and Horace who was from Venusia in the transboundary area between the Daunians and the Lucanians described himself as  "Lucanian or Apulian". The creation of Roman colonies in southern Italy after the early 4th century BCE had a great impact in the Latinization of the area.

There are numerous testimonies among ancient authors (Pseudo-Scylax, Virgil, Festus, Servius) of a presence of the Daunians beyond the Apennines in Campania and Latium where some towns claimed Diomedian origins. The most notable instance is Ardea, the centre of the Rutulians who were considered Daunians: Vergil writes that Turnus' father was Daunus. Festus writes that a King Lucerus of Ardea fought along with Romulus against Titus Tatius and this is the origin of the name of the Roman Luceres.

Culture

The Iron Age Daunian material culture persisted quite different from their Italic neighbours until the region was encompassed into the Roman Republic in the 3rd century BC. This cultural distinction was due in part because of their geographical area, which was distant from the Ancient Greek centres of Magna Graecia, and in part because of their close relations with the peoples on the other coast of the Adriatic Sea with whom they retained direct contacts across the sea.

Tattooing
The custom of tattooing among Daunians can be detected in Daunian stelae and in matt-painted ollae. It can also be conceivably identified on the wall of a late 4th-century tomb chamber from Arpi, in which a painting shows tattoos on the arms of the 'priestess' riding a quadriga. The tattooing practice is most often found in preliterate tribal communities, with women playing the chief role, both performing the ritual of applying tattoos and wear them. Among other things the tattoos may have been a symbol of sexual maturity, ancestry and tribal affiliations, as well as religious beliefs. Forearms were the most common tattooed parts of the body among Daunians.

In the Graeco-Roman world tattooing was conceived as a barbaric custom that was used exclusively for punitive or ownership purposes, but the Daunian perception of tattooing was different, as it was a deep and long-standing cultural embodiment distinguishing them from other cultures, as occurred among Illyrians and Thracians. The writings of ancient authors like Herodotus (5th century BC) and Strabo (1st century BC) show that in the Balkans tattooing was in the purview of the elites; iconographic and literary sources reveal in particular that it was restricted to the female members of society. In the western Balkans, isolated from outside influences, the practice of tattooing continued until the early 20th century in Albania and Bosnia, regions that in antiquity were part of the area of Illyria, where Daunian groups conceivably originated from. Besides of religious beliefs, the accounts of the early 20th century reveal that the tattooing custom in the Balkans was originally connected with a fertility rite, being associated with the beginning of menstruation, thus proving that a girl had become a woman.

See also

 Calchus, mythological Daunian king
 Tavoliere delle Puglie
 Daunian pottery
 List of ancient Illyrian peoples and tribes

References

Sources

External links

Geography of Apulia
Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy


Fotbal Club Olt Scornicești (), commonly known as FC Olt Scornicești, Olt Scornicești or simply as FC Olt, is a Romanian professional football club based in Scornicești, Olt County, currently playing in the Liga IV – Olt County.

Founded in 1972, it soon became one of the best teams from a rural area, also representing the home village of former dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu and arguably receiving "extra help" to reach Divizia A and remain there. After the Romanian Revolution the club was relegated by the Romanian Football Federation and struggled to stay solvent.

Chronology of names

History
The  club was founded in the summer of 1972 as Viitorul Scornicești. The first competition in which the team from Scornicești participated was the 1973–74 Olt County Championship. The first coach was Gabi Stoicescu, former player of the Progresul București and the squad included players such as the goalkeeper Mircea Ciubotea, Petrescu, Radu Gheorghe, Roșca, Sevastian Cârstea, Dima, Trantescu, Bobei, Petre Petre, Voichin, Toma, Pleșa, Chelban, the strikers Ion Vîlceanu, Stîrcu and Lucian Martinescu. Viitorul won the County Championship and, with Costel Duță as the new head coach, promoted to Divizia C after the promotion play-off played against Unirea Băbeni, the Vâlcea county champion, (1–1 at Băbeni an 6–1 at Slatina).

In 1978 promoted to Divizia B and then, after only one year they reached the first division. It is well known an episode from the last round of the 1978–79 Divizia B season, when to succeed promotion on goal difference, they defeated Electrodul Slatina with 18–0, it also says that at that game, Dumitru Dragomir, the president of the club at that time, brought out both teams from the showers on the field to score a few more goals, that after he misunderstood the result of the other match. However, after the fall of the communist regime, the club lost its main support and was excluded from championship, the same thing happened with the other clubs which were supported by the communist regime, like Victoria București (police team) or Flacăra Moreni (securitate team) since then, FC Olt did not manage to play at a higher level than Liga II.

Honours
Liga I:
Winners (0):, Best Finish: 4th 1981–82
Liga II:
Winners (1): 1978–79
Liga III:
Winners (2): 1977–78, 1990–91
Liga IV – Olt County
Winners (3): 1973–74, 1995–96, 2002–03
Runners-up (1): 1994–95

Notable former players

Former managers

  Florin Halagian (1981–1984)
  Dumitru Macri (1984)
  Traian Ionescu (1984–1985)
  Gheorghe Constantin (1986–1987)
  Marian Bondrea (1988–1989)
  Cornel Dinu (1989–1990)
  Victor Dinuț
  Florian Dumitrescu
  Leonte Ianovschi
  Constantin Stancu

References

External links

Football clubs in Olt County
Association football clubs established in 1972
Liga I clubs
Liga II clubs
Liga III clubs
Liga IV clubs
1972 establishments in Romania


Kürschner is a German-language occupational surname literally meaning "furrier". It may refer to:

 Izidor "Dori" Kürschner (1885–1940), a Hungarian football (soccer) player and coach
 Joseph Kürschner (1853–1902), German author
 Eugen Kürschner (1890–1939), Hungarian film producer

See also
 Kirschner

German-language surnames
Occupational surnames


Captain John Hatley, RN (c. 1762 – 12 December 1832) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Hatley is most noted for being one of the junior officers on board Captain James Cook's third voyage in , aged approximately 14. He later went on to serve in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, receiving promotion after helping to thwart a mutiny in 1797 and later commanding frigates in several campaigns.

Military service
Hatley, born in approximately 1762, joined the Royal Navy at a young age and in his first posting was attached to Captain James Cook's ship . This vessel had secretly been ordered to search what is now the Alaskan Coast for the Northwest Passage. Leaving Britain in 1776, the ship reached Tahiti the following year and returned Omai, Captain Cook's translator and guide, to his home. From there, the vessel sailed north and visited the Hawaiian Islands, the Sandwich Islands and was the first European ship to visit and chart the coastline from California to Alaska. During 1778, Cook's behaviour became gradually more unpredictable, until in 1779 he returned to Hawaii to effect repairs on his ship prior to returning to Europe. There he was killed by Hawaiian warriors during a dispute over stolen goods. The survivors of the expedition finally returned to Britain in 1780.

In 1782, in recognition of his service on the exploratory voyage, Hatley was promoted to lieutenant and ordered to join  for service in the East Indies. He remained a lieutenant, serving in various ships, until 1797 when he was embroiled in a mutiny aboard . The problems arose against the backdrop of the Spithead Mutiny in Britain, when malcontents in the Mediterranean Fleet, at this time stationed off Cadiz, were seized at the orders of Earl St Vincent. These men were sentenced to death by court martial on Saturday and due to be executed on the Sunday morning. St George was chosen as the vessel on which the sentences would be carried out. The crew were strongly opposed to carrying out these executions on a Sunday and brought a petition to Captain Shuldham Peard, who passed it on to St Vincent. The admiral's reply was that the sentences were justified and must be carried out with alacrity. Infuriated, sections of the crew prepared to seize the ship and gathered on deck, where they were met by Peard and Hatley, the ship's second in command. Addressing his men, Peard attempted to calm them but without effect. Seeking to prevent a mutiny and ensuing massacre, Peard and Hatley then charged the mass of sailors and seized two ringleaders. The next day the scheduled executions were carried out and a week later the two men captured by Peard and Hatley were similarly hanged. For his services on this occasion, Hatley was promoted to commander.

In the Napoleonic Wars, Hatley commanded the frigate  in the West Indies and later in the Mediterranean where he was awarded a gold medal for services to the Ottoman Empire. At the funeral of Horatio Nelson, Hatley formed part of the procession that accompanied the coffin to St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1808, Hatley commanded the frigate  during the campaign in the Indian Ocean and participated in the Raid on Saint Paul. The following winter he switched with Commodore Josias Rowley and took command of the ship of the line  which was returning to Britain for a refit. He retired at the end of the Napoleonic Wars and died in Dover, Kent on 12 December 1832 and was remembered as the last survivor of Captain Cook's voyages.

Notes

References

1760s births
1832 deaths
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars


A roads may be
motorways or freeways, usually where the local word for motorway begins with A (for example, Autobahn in German; Autostrada in Italian).
main roads or highways, in a system where roads are graded A, B and sometimes lower categories
roads in a particular area or zone designated A

List of A roads
This is a list of road numbering systems which include A roads.

See also
 List of roads and highways


Herbert John Solomon (15 October 1929 – 18 March 2020) was an Australian rugby union player, a state and national representative versatile back who captained the Wallabies in eight Tests in the 1950s and led the touring squads to New Zealand and South Africa.

Early life and university
Educated at Coogee Prep School and then The Scots College in Sydney, Solomon started his club rugby at the University rugby club when he commenced his medical studies at St Andrew's College at Sydney University in 1948. He won University "blues" in 1948, 1949, 1950 and 1951.

Australian representative
He made his state and national representative debuts at age nineteen, first playing for Australia against the  at the Sydney Cricket Ground in June 1949. Later that year he toured New Zealand with Trevor Allan's Bledisloe Cup winning Wallabies. Solomon played variously at five-eighth, fullback and centre in seven matches of the tour including the 2nd Test at Eden Park where he scored a try thus helping the side make history as the first Australian team to win the Cup in New Zealand.

He played twice for New South Wales in 1950 against the visiting British and Irish Lions and as five-eighth for Australia in both Tests of the tour. He was in the centres in the second Waratahs match against the Lions who up till that point of their tour were undefeated. Solomon held his own against the world-class opposition of Bleddyn Williams and Lewis Jones.

In 1951 Solomon played against the visiting All Blacks in two Tests and with the Waratahs. The selectors experimented with Keith Winning and Colin Windon as captain and then in 1952 when Australia hosted the exciting Fijians, Solomon was honoured with the national captaincy aged just twenty-two. Fiji had not previously played against Australia and had only competed at the world-class level against New Zealand in 1939. Solomon made an outstanding debut as captain on this historic occasion. He played at inside-centre and clinched the first Test for Australia when he dived over for a try six minutes from the end. The Fijians won the 2nd Test but in the process earned the respect of the Australian rugby public who delighted in the spectacular running and carefree play of the Fijians who would wrestle the ball at every opportunity and who employed long, one-handed and sometimes reckless passing.

 Australia then undertook a ten matches tour of New Zealand for which Solomon was chosen as captain with tour manager the 1927 Waratah, Jock Blackwood. Solomon's Wallabies won eight of the ten games including one Test victory and one Test loss. Solomon scored three tries in the nine matches in which he played, captaining his country in all.

In 1953 Solomon was again appointed captain for the arduous Wallaby tour of South Africa. Wylie Breckenbridge and Johnnie Wallace were the management team but Wallace took ill and many organisational and coaching responsibilities fell to Solomon. He himself was ill for the first three games but recovered to play in 14 of the 27 tour matches including three Tests. In the 2nd Test Australia were trailing 14–8 when Solomon had to leave the field with a knee injury. He recovered to feature in a back-line play that saw Brian Johnson score in the corner and Eddie Stapleton boot the conversion from out wide to take the score to 14–13. From the kick-off another enterprising running back-line play saw Solomon play a role which culminated in winger Garth Jones scoring under the posts to enable a Wallaby victory. In a surprise gesture fitting the rarity in those days of the South Africa being beaten at home, the Boks forwards chaired Solomon from the field.

Following the South African tour, Solomon took a year out to attend to his medical studies but returned in 1955 to captain the Wallabies to New Zealand with Wylie Breckenbridge as manager and Bill Cerutti as assistant manager/coach. Solomon only played in six of the thirteen games suffering a dislocated shoulder against a Canterbury/Otago side which marked the end of his representative career. He later coached at the University club as well as the Australian national side.

Accolades and honours
His 1953 South African tour teammate Sir Nicholas Shehadie described him as follows: "Quick enough to play centre or wing, equipped with a skilful swerve and sharp acceleration when a gap appeared. Much admired for his astute captaincy".

He was inducted into the Australian Rugby Hall of Fame in 2016.

Sources
 Collection (1995) Gordon Bray presents The Spirit of Rugby, Harper Collins Publishers Sydney – (Essay specific to this article Syd King's A Change From Batter & Heave 1st published Sporting Life Aug 1952)
 Howell, Max (2005) Born to Lead – Wallaby Test Captains, Celebrity Books, Auckland NZ
 Shehadie, Nicholas (2003) A Life Worth Living, Simon & Schuster Australia

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Australian rugby union players
Australia international rugby union players
Australian rugby union captains
People educated at Scots College (Sydney)
Rugby union players from Sydney
Rugby union centres
Sydney University RFC players


Fotbal Club Inter Stars 2020 Sibiu, commonly known as FC Inter Sibiu or Inter Sibiu (), is a Romanian amateur football team based in the city of Sibiu, Sibiu County, which competes in the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian league system.

The club was originally founded in 1968 as Independența Sibiu, and managed important performances during the communist period. In the years preceding the Romanian Revolution, the club started to become associated with Nicu Ceaușescu, the youngest child of dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu. Inter continued to also have results during the 1990s, but eventually went bankrupt in 2000.

In 2020, Inter Sibiu was refounded and commenced play in the fourth division.

History

First years and Nicu Ceaușescu support (1968–1990)
FC Inter Sibiu was founded in the summer of 1968, under the name of Independența Sibiu. The club was financially supported by Independența Factory (a metallurgical machinery manufacturer) and was known for years as the football club of Terezian neighborhood of Sibiu, playing for the first time in the third tier in 1969, after won the 1968–69 Sibiu County Championship and the promotion play-off against the champion of Covasna County, Carpați Covasna (2–0 at Sibiu and  2–1 at Covasna). Until 1982, Independența oscillated between the third and fourth tier, than started to have a constant appearance at the level of Divizia C, under the management of Mihai Găldean, factory's chairman. At that time (1982), the historical and most representative football club of Sibiu was Șoimii Sibiu, former top-flight member and an important team of Divizia B.

After 1982, for the next three seasons Independența was a middle-table team, ranking between fourth and seventh place. In the summer of 1985, the club changed its name from FC Independența Sibiu to AS Inter Sibiu, and although some claimed that the name was inspired by Inter Milano, in fact was a juxtaposition of letters, In (Independența) and Ter (Terezian). However, some inspiration related to Inter Milano existed, because the team played in blue kits, with black vertical lines. After only one year, Inter promoted to Divizia B, after it was ranked first in the third tier, at the end of an intense fight against Electromureș Târgu Mureș (both teams obtaining 61 points).

Summer of 1986 was a summer of change in the history of football from Sibiu, thus the promotion of Inter was correlated with an unnexpected relegation of Șoimii Sibiu fact that generated a big change, Șoimii left Municipal Stadium and Inter came in. In the same summer, AS Inter Sibiu was renamed as FC Inter Sibiu, name that will obtain the best results of the local football, in the next years, also the colors changed from blue and black to bleu and blue. In the first season, Inter (with Marian Bondrea and Viorel Hizo as coaches and an important contingent of players from Șoimii) managed to save from relegation, after it was ranked 10th of 18. In the next season, the team promoted after won its series (seven points over 2nd place, Jiul Petroșani). 1987–88 season is in fact the period when the controversy started to surround "the blue and blacks", because with some rounds before the end of the season, son of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu, Nicu Ceauşescu (which was first secretary of Romanian Communist Party) started to be involved in the team's destiny. Legend of the club, Viorel Hizo, spoke about this issue a few years ago: "In 1984 I was brought to Inter Sibiu, where I stayed until 1991. I was the assistant of Bondrea and Titi Ardeleanu, but also head coach in two periods. Nicu Ceaușescu came when we were already almost promoted to Divizia A, we had a few points ahead of Petroșani, so he didn't help us. Nicu Ceaușescu helped us financially, especially with the transfers, because we took good footballers, without paying. When he came to the team, he said: “Don't imagine that I will win your matches. But I can help you make a team, so we don't make fun of each other in the Divizia A, but I want something, you would make me the happiest if you beat Steaua București and Dinamo București, but also FC Olt."

Inter was ranked eleventh (1988–89) and sixth (1989–90) in its first seasons spent in the top-flight, then Nicu Ceauşescu left the club, after the Romanian Revolution.

From Balkans Cup to bankruptcy (1990–2000)

In the first part of the 1990s, Inter remained a strong team, even without the support of Nicu Ceaușescu, reaching its peak in 1991, when it obtained the best rank in the history of the club (4th place) and won 1–0 (on aggregate) the Balkans Cup, in a final against Budućnost Titograd, goal scored by Lucian Cotora. After 1991, Inter started to obtain only rankings in the middle of the league table, then, at the end of the 1995–96 season, relegated back in the second division, after 8 years spent in the top-flight of the Romanian football league system.

Back in the Divizia B, Inter almost relegated again in the first season after a weak ranking, 15th of 18, only one point over the first relegating place, occupied by Apulum Alba Iulia. In the next seasons Inter remained a middle-table team: 12th of 18 (1997–98), 11th of 18 (1998–99) and 9th of 18 (1999–2000, then, the club was dissolved in the first part of the 2000–01 edition, due to financial problems, to the disappointment of its supporters.

Rebirth (2021–present)
In 2001, at short period after Inter's bankruptcy, Șoimii Sibiu was dissolved, as well, the football from the Transylvanian city reaching a deep coma. First club that continued the football tradition was FC Sibiu, but dissolved after only 4 years. In the same year appeared Voința Sibiu, club that reached the top-flight in 2011, but relegated after only one season, then went bankruptcy, as well. After three years of fog, a new project appeared, FC Hermannstadt, club that achieved Liga I promotion in 2018 and resisted three years in the top-flight before relegating.

Inter was refounded in 2020, after 20 years of absence, at the initiative of Teodor Birț, first president of FC Hermannstadt, the man who led the club from Liga IV to Liga I.

Grounds

The club plays its home matches on Păltiniș Stadium in Rășinari, with a capacity of 300 seats. Between 1982 and 1986, Inter Sibiu played its home matches on Independența Stadium in Terezian neighborhood, Sibiu. After the 1986 promotion to Divizia B, interiștii started to play their home matches on Municipal Stadium, in Sub Arini Park zone, Sibiu.

Honours

Domestic
Liga I:
 Best finish in Liga I: 4th (1990–91)

Liga II:
Winners (1): 1987–88

Liga III:
Winners (1): 1985–86

Liga IV – Sibiu County
Winners (5): 1968–69, 1973–74, 1980–81, 1981–82, 2021–22
Runners-up (2): 2020–21, 2022–23

Continental
Balkans Cup:
Winners (1): 1990–91

Other performances
 Appearances in Liga I: 8

Players

First team squad

Out on loan

Club officials

Board of directors

Current technical staff

League history

Notable former players

  Zoltan Ritli
  Adrian Damian
  Marius Baciu
  Mihail Majearu
  Florin Cotora
  Lucian Cotora
  Adrian Blid
  Gheorghe Mihali
  Radu Niculescu
  Marius Predatu
  Răzvan Toboşaru
  Bogdan Bănuță
  Cristian Sava
  Adrian Văsâi
  Dorinel Munteanu
  Ovidiu Tâlvan
  Constantin Lazăr
  Ovidiu Maier
  Cezar Zamfir
  Marius Szeghedi
  Marian Mărgărit
  Cătălin Popa
  Bogdan Bucur
  Corneliu Szeghedi
  Dorin Zotincă
  Mircea Bolba
  Lucian Burchel
  Alexandru Szenes
  Neculai Alexa
  Ionel Fulga
  Cornel Cașolțan
  Marius Pistol
  Bogdan Mara
  Benonie Popescu
  Radu Neguț
  Alex Zotincă
  Claudiu Moldovan
  Cristian Lazăr

Notable former managers

  Marian Bondrea
  Viorel Hizo
  Florin Halagian
  Cornel Țălnar
  Silviu Ștefănescu
  Ștefan Coidum
  Jean Gavrilă
  Gheorghe Țurlea
  Constantin Ardeleanu
  Ștefan Dorian

References

External links

 FC Inter Sibiu at frf-ajf.ro

Association football clubs established in 1968
Football clubs in Sibiu County
Sibiu
Liga III clubs
1968 establishments in Romania


Tamar is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Tamar Braxton. It was released on March 21, 2000, by DreamWorks Records and RedZone Entertainment. The album features guest appearances from Missy Elliott, Jermaine Dupri and Amil, while the production handled by Tim & Bob, Tricky Stewart, among others. Originally entitled Ridiculous, it debuted at number 127 on the US Billboard 200 and number 42 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Braxton later admitted in interviews for her second album Love and War that she was not fond of this album due to not having any creative control.

Background
Before the official release, Braxton was the lead singer of The Braxtons, after her sisters Traci and Toni had to leave the group, which left them as a trio of Tamar, Trina and Towanda. After the release of their debut album, So Many Ways (1996), Braxton was offered a solo recording contract with DreamWorks, which she happened to leave the group and begin her solo career. In 2004, Tamar's sister Towanda Braxton appeared on the reality TV series Starting Over during its second season, revealing that Tamar signed a solo contract without telling her or Trina that she left The Braxtons group.

In 1999, she released the EP, Tamar: Just Cuz to generate buzz about her debut album. The Tamar: Just Cuz EP contained 4 songs, "Just Cuz", "Let Him Go" (featuring Solé), "It's Time" (featuring Grand Puba) and "Get Mine".

Her album was originally going to be called Ridiculous, which would have been released in late 1999. Some songs recorded for this album remain unreleased, as this project was scrapped.

Critical reception

AllMusic editor Roxanne Blanford called Tamar both "impressive and enjoyable." She foung that "this recording is primarily a quiet display of Tamar's competence at present day rhythm & blues with some contemporary hip-hop flavor thrown in. If it wasn't such an all-around good listen, it would certainly be worthy of recognition on the basis of its professional presentation alone."

Track listing

Personnel
 Keyboards and drum programming: Tim & Bob, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox, Darrell "Delite" Allamby, Tricky Stewart, The Co-Stars
 Piano: Les Butler, Bob Robinson
 Acoustic guitar: Bob Robinson
 Spanish guitar: Bob Robinson
 Guitar: Paul Pesco, Marlon McClain
 Percussion: Luis C. Conte
 Background vocals: Tamar Braxton, Darcy Aldridge, Mýa (uncredited), Lil' Mo, Missy Elliott, LaTocha Scott, Darrell "Delite" Allamby
 Recording engineers: Jermaine Dupri, Brian K. Smith, Tim Kelley, Carlisle Young, Ben Arrindell, Rob Hunter, Christopher "Tricky" Stewart, Kevin "KD" Davis
 Mixing engineers: Phil Tan, Brian K. Smith, Tim Kelley, Carlisle Young, Ben Arrindell, Kevin "KD" Davis
 Photography: Randee St. Nicholas
 Design: Orabor

Charts

References

External links

2000 debut albums
Tamar Braxton albums
Albums produced by Missy Elliott
Albums produced by Tim & Bob
Dance-pop albums by American artists
DreamWorks Records albums


Jan Kristofer Ottosson (born January 9, 1976) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player. Ottosson began playing hockey in Djurgården's youth organization and was later promoted to the J20-team. He made his Elitserien debut on 22 September 1994, and has since then been a regular member of the senior team, with the exception of a two-season stint at Huddinge IK. He was also on loan to Haninge HF in the 1994–95 season and Arlanda Wings in the 1996–97 season. He took a break from hockey in 2005, missing the first 18 regular season games due to family issues. He scored his 300th regular season point in Elitserien on 5 October 2010, when he made an assist to Andreas Holmqvist's goal. After the 2012/2013 season, Ottosson announced his retirement from hockey.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

Ottosson retires (Swedish)

External links

1976 births
Swedish ice hockey right wingers
Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
Huddinge IK players
Living people
New York Islanders draft picks
Wings HC Arlanda players


The Royal Academy of Music (Danish: Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium) in Aarhus and Aalborg, Denmark, is a conservatoire and state institution under the auspices of the Danish Ministry of Culture, charged with responsibility for the further education courses in music, and for otherwise contributing to the promotion of musical culture in Denmark. The school is under the patronage of Crown Prince Frederik.

The headquarters of the Royal Academy of Music is situated in Aarhus, in a building designed by architectural firm C. F. Møller Architects, completed in 2007. It was built as an extension of Musikhuset Aarhus, the Aarhus Concert Hall.

The new headquarters for the Royal Academy of Music, North Denmark in Aalborg was completed in 2014 and is called Musikkens Hus. It was partially designed by the Scandinavian branch of architectural firm Coop Himmelb(l)au.

Programmes
Royal Academy of Music offers graduate level studies in areas such as music teaching, and solo and professional musicianship.

The programmes have been given the highest status, both nationally and internationally. This means that they measure up to the best comparable courses on offer abroad. The programmes aim to train students for careers as professional musicians, and, depending on the course taken, students graduate either as solo performers or as music teachers.

The emphasis of the teaching is on solo work with an instrument or the voice, but there is also ensemble playing and a number of supplementary subjects. For those studying to become music teachers, particular importance is attached to music pedagogy and communicative subjects.

Notable alumni
 Erling Møldrup (1943-2016), music history, classical guitar and former teacher at the academy
 Erik Bach (b. 1946), music theory, music history, composer and former principal of the academy (1992-2001)

References

External links

Homepage of the academy in english

Music schools in Denmark
Organizations based in Denmark with royal patronage
Education in Aalborg
Higher education in Aarhus


Croft Ambrey is an Iron Age hill fort in Herefordshire, England.

Location
Croft Ambrey, on Yatton Hill, is in the civil parish of Aymestrey,  north from Leominster,  south-east from the South Shropshire border, and approximately  east from the Wales border. The fort is on high ground beyond and adjoining the north-east boundary of National Trust Croft Castle parkland. The nearest settlements are the villages of Yarpole, Aymestrey and Yatton, and the hamlet of Mortimer's Cross. The Mortimer Trail waymarked long-distance footpath passes the site.

Description

The monument includes a small multivallate hillfort with an annexe containing a Romano-Celtic temple and a medieval warren of up to five pillow mounds on the summit of a prominent steeply sloping spur overlooking Yatton Marsh and the valley of a tributary to Allcock's Brook. The hillfort survives as a roughly triangular enclosure defined to the north by two scarps with a buried ditch: to the west by three rampart banks and a larger internal ditch and to the south by three rampart banks with two medial ditches and a wide internal ditch which may have been used to store water. There were two complex entrances which through time had 20 successive gateposts and were further enhanced with guardrooms, corridors and bridges of which the south western was the principal entrance and the north eastern was complex and inturned. The enclosure originally covered approximately 2.2ha, but this increased through time to 3.6ha and eventually a southern rectangular annexe was added. This is defined by two slighter concentric banks.

Excavations
The hillfort was excavated between 1960 and 1966 and was found to have been in use from the 6th century BC up to AD 48. It contained closely set rectangular buildings which had been rebuilt up to six times. The population of the hillfort was estimated at 500-900 individuals. Finds included metalwork such as iron tools, weapons, sickles, blades, nails and a spade, shale and glass objects, bone and antler artefacts, spindle whorls, loom and thatch weights, saddle querns and rotary querns, hammer stones and Iron Age pottery.

There are some notable parallels with the hillfort at Wapley Hill, which also was used for rabbit farming.

References

Further reading
Children, G; Nash, G (1994) Prehistoric Sites of Herefordshire Logaston Press

External links

Croft Ambrey on the Roman-Britain website

Hill forts in Herefordshire
Hills of Herefordshire


Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute (Birchmount Park CI, BPCI, or Birchmount Park) is a high school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Birch Cliff neighbourhood of the former suburb of Scarborough.  It operates under the Scarborough Board of Education with the latter board merged into the present Toronto District School Board. The school sits atop on the Scarborough Bluffs overlooking Lake Ontario in what is once the shores of Glacial Lake Iroquois and Birchmount Park itself. The motto is Veritas Omnia Vincit ("Truth conquers all").

History
To provide additional crowds in the southern Scarborough community, Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute was constructed in May 1963 and accepted by the Scarborough Board of Education in July 1964. The school, as the tenth collegiate, opened its doors on September 8, 1964, with its first principal, John H. Edwards. The structure of the 1900-pupil school were designed by architects Sidney Bregman and George Hamann. Prior to the opening, the students in the area previously attended nearby collegiates such as R.H. King, Midland, and W. A. Porter as well as Malvern in the eastern end of Toronto.

Birchmount Park's Adult Re-Entry program for the Scarborough Board of Education was established in November 1977 with one teacher and fifteen students that evolved into Scarborough Centre for Alternative Studies in September 1986 opened at Tabor Park Vocational School on Midland Avenue.

The school became a movie feature of the 1986 film Youngblood and 2003 film How to Deal as well as the 2004 film Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen.

The school along with other schools in greater Toronto area started to offer an "anti-black racism course" to combat racism in the communities starting in 2021.

In November 2022, a 17 year old student was left in critical but stable condition after being stabbed on school premises. This marked the second stabbing to take place at the school in 2022 after a 14 year old student was stabbed in late April.

Overview

Facilities
Birchmount Park Collegiate is located in a 9.057-acre site. The structure is combined with load-bearing walls and steel-frame construction as well as window area reduced to save costs (although the design bear resemblance to Wexford Collegiate School for the Arts).

The 181,114-square-foot campus has 22 classrooms, lecture room, music room, drama room, six science labs, art room, home economics room, a library, three gymnasia (that can be partitioned into smaller gyms), a weight room, 1045-seated auditorium built in a style of a theatre, cafeteria with kitchen, administrative and guidance offices, and technical shops for electrical, automotive, carpentry and metal. Attached to Birchmount Park is Birchmount Stadium with the 400m race track and sports field with artificial turf.

Athletics
The school started the Birchmount Exceptional Athlete Program  (BEAP)  in September 1989,  Two classes from the BEAP program were among the 12 courses cancelled at this school in 2019 due to funding cuts.

Notable alumni
 Aaron Brown, Olympic medallist
 Clifton Dawson, professional football player
 Crispin Duenas, Olympian; archer
Brandon Pirri, professional hockey player
 Wayne Simmonds, professional hockey player
 Devante Smith-Pelly, professional hockey player
 Tim Smith, professional baseball player
 Anthony Stewart, professional hockey player
 The Weeknd (Abel Tesfaye), Grammy Award-winning musician
 Tyler Toffoli, professional hockey player
 Justyn Warner, Olympian; professional track athlete
 Ian Warner, Olympian
 Peter Zezel, professional hockey player
 Jennifer Cross, professional volleyball player, team Canada Captain.
 Garrett May, professional beach volleyball player, 2010 U20 World Champion

See also
List of high schools in Ontario

References

External links
 Birchmount Park Collegiate Institute
 TDSB Profile

High schools in Toronto
Schools in the TDSB
Education in Scarborough, Toronto
Educational institutions established in 1964
1964 establishments in Ontario


The Kelly Keen coyote fatal attack is the only known fatal coyote attack on a child, as well as the only known fatal coyote attack on a human ever confirmed in the United States. On August 26, 1981, three-year-old Los Angeles resident Kelly Lynn Keen was dragged off her property and fatally wounded by an urban coyote before being rescued by her father. The event is also notable for its aftermath, in which large numbers of coyotes were killed and two animal rights activists provoked an uproar by claiming that her parents, not the coyote, had killed her.

Attack
On August 26, 1981, a three-year-old girl named Kelly Keen was left alone while her mother Cathy did some daily chores. Kelly was watching educational television programs in the living room of the family's home in the Chevy Chase Canyon Neighborhood of Glendale, California, but she let herself out the front door and stepped into the driveway, where she encountered an urban coyote. The coyote took Kelly in its mouth and ran off, dragging her through the street. Her father, Robert, quickly came running, chased the coyote off, and rushed Kelly to the Glendale Adventist Medical Center, where she was in surgery for four hours before she died. The cause of death was determined to be a broken neck and blood loss as a direct result of the coyote attack. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale.

Aftermath

Government reaction
Following Keen's death, the Los Angeles Animal Regulation Commission developed the first serious urban coyote management program, including 80 days of leghold trapping and shooting within a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) radius of the attack site, during which county personnel trapped and shot 55 coyotes.

Accusations by animal rights activists
In 2004, former child actress and animal rights activist Pamelyn Ferdin attended a Glendale City Council meeting to oppose a proposal to cull urban coyotes. Ferdin addressed the Council wearing a shirt covered in fake blood, urging the city not to kill coyotes. She mentioned the Kelly Keen attack, and argued that rather than having been killed by a coyote, Keen had been the victim of child abuse. She claimed that medical records indicated that the child died of a ruptured spleen, which could only have come from blunt trauma, not an animal bite. Fellow animal rights activist Michael Bell went further, claiming that, after digging around in hospital records, he discovered discrepancies and missing documents. He stated that the coyote story was a cover-up for how the child really died. Kelly's parents, Robert and Cathy Keen, watched the meeting live on cable and, upon hearing Bell's statement, raced to the Glendale City hall to respond to the allegations. They recounted the event to the council, and showed the death certificate, which listed the cause of the child's injuries as "mauled by a coyote".

Ferdin's stance remained unchanged; "I stand by my beliefs that a coyote did not kill [Kelly Keen]." Councilman Frank Quintero stated: "What the activists said at the dais was cruel and absolutely uninformed ... Knowing the mother, it broke my heart that they would do that to her. When they were making the accusations, I was considering stopping them."

Similar attacks

USDA and California State University researchers have confirmed at least thirty-five incidents in the state in which "the possibility of serious or fatal injury seems likely if the child had not been rescued" from coyotes.

See also

 Death of Azaria Chamberlain
 Death of Kenton Joel Carnegie
 Death of Diane Whipple
 Death of Taylor Mitchell
 Animal attacks

References

Accidental deaths in California
Canid attacks
Deaths by person in California
Deaths due to animal attacks in the United States
Deaths due to coyote attacks
Glendale, California
History of Los Angeles County, California
1981 in California


Manuel Salazar (born 25 July 1956, Caucagua, Miranda, Venezuela) is Venezuelan actor. Salazar is internationally known from his role as the nice police, Salvador, in Coral telenovela Juana la virgen.

Filmography

TV series
 De todas maneras Rosa (2013)
 Estrambótica Anastasia (2004)
 La Invasora (2003)
 Mi gorda bella (2002)
 Juana la virgen (2002)
 Carissima (2001)
 Mis 3 hermanas (2000)
 Mariú (2000)
 Luisa Fernanda (1999)
 Reina de Corazones (1998)
 Cambio de Piel (1998)
 Las Dos Dianas (1992)
 Piel (1992)
 Emperatriz (1990)

Movies
 Manuela Sáenz (2000)
 100 años de perdón / Little Thieves, Big Thieves (1998)
 Desnudo con naranjas / Nude with Oranges (1994)

References

20th-century Venezuelan male actors
People from Miranda (state)
1956 births
Living people
21st-century Venezuelan male actors
Venezuelan male film actors
Venezuelan male telenovela actors


A Hand-Over is a term used in the animation industry to refer to the process of adding finger and hand motion capture data to the pre-existing full-body motion capture data, using a hand motion capture device.

Techniques
A Hand-Over is accomplished by playing back the full-body data while recording the finger and hand data. This is similar to a voice actor doing a voice-over for animated characters.

There are very few full-body motion capture systems that can capture full hand and finger motion data at the same time as the full body. An optical system gets accurate data using reflective markers and high resolution cameras. However, if the cameras cannot see the markers then they are unable to measure them. Mounting the many reflective markers on each individual joint of the hand so that they stay within the camera's views is difficult.

The traditional method of adding hand and finger motion is to key frame the fingers. This is a process similar to the old claymation process; move the finger, record the frame, move the finger again, record the frame. Key framing is easier using animation software where a beginning and an ending position can be set up, then the software fills in the motion in between. Even though software makes this easy it still takes a very talented artist to get realistic hands using the key frame method.

Another method of adding hand and finger motion is to have the animator or actor wear a data glove or wired glove. These devices very accurately measure and record the position and bend of each finger, thumb, and even the hand. Measurand's ShapeHand is made of flexible ribbons and includes 40 Fiber Optic bend/twist sensors.

Using a hand motion capture device an animator can play back the full-body data from any system and record the hand motion. This is typically done in a software package that can simultaneously play motion capture data while recording new motion capture data. This requires some practice to get the timing right just as it takes practice to get the timing right when a voice actor does an animation voice-over.

Hand-overs can save time and money while increasing the realism in hand and finger animation. This is not done without controversy. Traditional key framers do not agree this type of motion capture is better than their craft.

See also
 Animation database
 Computer Animation

References

 Lin, J.; Ying Wu; Huang, T.S.; , "Capturing human hand motion in image sequences," Motion and Video Computing, 2002. Proceedings. Workshop on, vol., no., pp. 99–104, 5–6 Dec. 2002
 Jin & Hahn, "Adding Hand Motion to the Motion Capture Based Character Animation" Computer Science Department, George Washington University, ISVC 2005, LNCS 3804, pp. 17–24.

External links
 Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Animation terminology


Dean Colton (born 18 February 1983) is a former Scotland international rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at club level for Toll Bar ARLFC (in Doncaster), Doncaster (Heritage No. 836) (two spells), and Featherstone Rovers (Heritage No. 897), as a  or .

Background
Dean Colton was born in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England.

Playing career
Dean Colton made his début for Doncaster in 2001. He played 10 of his 11-year career at Doncaster, spending one season with Featherstone Rovers in 2007. Dean Colton made his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 18 March 2007, and he played his last match for Featherstone Rovers during 2007. He announced his retirement in 2012.

He represented Scotland in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, playing once and scoring a try in the 18–36 defeat by France.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Doncaster R.L.F.C. players
English rugby league players
Featherstone Rovers players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league wingers
Rugby league players from Doncaster
Scotland national rugby league team players


CS Târgu Mureș was a football club based in Târgu Mureș, Mureș County in central Romania. It was founded in 1944 and it soon became one of the best teams from Mureș. The club was dissolved in 1960.

History

In 1944, the team of the railway workers, brought together the best players from Târgu Mureș, that previously played for MSE, MNKTE and MAV. The team participated in the local championship under the name of ASM Târgu Mureş.

In 1945 ASM became Dermagant and under this name the team promoted to Divizia A, in 1947, after a play-off match against Karres Mediaș. In 1947 the club changed its name to RATA, after the name of the factory, its main sponsor. In 1950 RATA became Locomotiva, and in 1955 it relegated to Divizia B. In 1955 the club changed his name again, this time to Avântul.

They promoted for the second time to Divizia A, but after only one season, the club returned to Divizia B. At this time the club becomes CS Târgu Mureş and at the end of the 1959–1960 season it relegated to the regional championship and, shortly after this, the club was dissolved.

The club played for 9 consecutive seasons in Divizia A and 10 in total, being the 2nd most successful team in the history of the city, after ASA Târgu Mureș. Its best position was 4th place at the end of the 1948–49 and 1952.

Chronology of names

Honours

Liga I:

Winners (0): Best finish: 4th (2): 1948–49, 1952

Liga II:

Winners (1): 1956

References

Association football clubs established in 1944
Association football clubs disestablished in 1960
Defunct football clubs in Romania
Football clubs in Mureș County
Liga I clubs
Liga II clubs
Târgu Mureș
1944 establishments in Romania
1960 disestablishments in Romania


Agustín Calleri and Fernando González were the defending champions, but Gonzalez chose not to participate, and only Calleri competed that year.

Calleri partnered with Juan Martín del Potro, but they were forced to withdraw due to a gluteal strain for Calleri, before their first round match against Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor.

Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor won in the final 4–6, 6–4, [10–8], against Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski.

Seeds

Draw

Draw

External links
Draw

Doubles


Jerdacuttup River is a river located in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.
The water in the river is naturally saline.

The river rises on the edge of the Yilgarn Plateau north of Ravensthorpe below Mount Short and drains the eastern side of the Ravensthorpe Range before flowing south and draining into the Jerdacuttup lakes close to the Southern Ocean and east of Hopetoun.

The tributaries of the river include Moolyall Creek, Woodenup Creek, Cordingup Creek, Carlingup Creek, Boaiup Creek, Bandalup Creek and Burlabup Creek.

The name is Indigenous Australian in origin and first charted by John Forrest in 1870.

The river is the location of a significant komatiite deposit

See also
Widgiemooltha Komatiite

References

Rivers of the Goldfields-Esperance region


The Poetry Translation Centre (PTC) is an organization dedicated to translating poetry from Africa, Asia and Latin America. It is a company limited by guarantee and a registered charity. It was founded by the British poet Sarah Maguire in 2004. Its work has been championed by such British poets as Nick Laird, and it is one of the Arts Council England's regularly funded organisations.

The PTC's website currently includes translations of 521 poems by more than 100 poets from 21 countries written in 19 different languages – from Amharic to Zapotec. The poems are given in three different versions: in the original language, as a basic "literal" translation and as the final version in English, thus giving a valuable insight into the translation process. The site also features recordings of poems read in English, Arabic, Kurdish, Portuguese, Somali, Tajik and Urdu, together with videos and podcasts of readings.

The PTC has organised several World Poets' Tours. The first, in 2005, introduced Partaw Naderi (Afghanistan), Gagan Gill (India), Toeti Heraty (Indonesia), Coral Bracho (Mexico), Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac "Gaariye" (Somaliland) and Al-Saddiq Al-Raddi (Sudan) to UK audiences. In 2008, Corsino Fortes (Cape Verde), Gaariye, Al-Saddiq and Farzaneh Khojandi (Tajikistan) took part in the Centre's second World Poets' Tour, which also featured the poetry of Kajal Ahmad (Kurdistan) and Noshi Gillani (Pakistan), who were unable to travel to the UK. In 2017 its collection The Sea-Migrations: Tahriib by Asha Lul Mohamud Yusuf, was named by the Sunday Times as the best poetry book of the year. It was translated from Somali by Clare Pollard with Maxamed Xasan "Alto" and Said Jama Hussein, and is published by Bloodaxe Books. In 2018 the Georgian poets Salome Benidze and Diana Anphimiadi toured the UK.

British poets who have contributed translations include Maura Dooley, Carole Satyamurti, Choman Hardi, David Harsent, Jane Duran, Jo Shapcott, Katherine Pierpoint, Lavinia Greenlaw, Mark Ford, Mimi Khalvati, Sarah Maguire, Sean O'Brien and W. N. Herbert.

References

External links
Website for the Poetry Translation Centre

Poetry organizations
British writers' organisations
Literary translation websites


In Zambia, the Shimunenga ceremony of the Ba-Ila people of Maala in Namwala District is celebrated on the weekend of the full moon in September or October. Early in the morning of the first day, people gather at the shrine of Shimunenga, to chant traditional songs. There is also a cultural march of women and girls in traditional attire, followed by performances by traditional dancers.

On the following morning, a drum sounds and animals are taken to the river, where cattle are displayed in the traditional manner. The first cattle to cross the river will be those of the custodian of the shrine. This is followed by a demonstration of a mock lion hunt and pelican fishing. The occasion is marked with traditional songs in honour and praise of the Shimunenga ancestral spirits. Celebrations continue in the village with pit-stops for traditional beer at different places. The shimunenga ceremony takes place in the middle October and November.

External links
Namwala.com

Festivals in Zambia
Religious festivals in Africa
Folk festivals in Africa
Spring (season) events in Zambia
Spring holidays (Southern Hemisphere)


The 48th Annual Japan Record Awards took place at the New National Theatre in Shibuya, Tokyo, on December 30, 2006, starting at 6:30PM JST. The primary ceremonies were televised in Japan on TBS.

Awards and nominations

Japan Record Award
 "Ikken" (ja)
 Singer: Kiyoshi Hikawa
 Lyricist: Yurio Matsui (ja)
 Composer: Hideo Mizumori (ja)
 Arranger: Makoto Saeki (ja)
 Record label: Columbia Music Entertainment

Best Vocal Performance
 Kumi Koda

Best New Artist
 Ayaka

New Artist Awards
Best New Artist nominations
 Ayaka
 SunSet Swish
 Aki Yamamoto (ja)
 WaT

Gold Awards
Japan Record Award nominations
 Kiyoshi Hikawa – "Ikken"
 BoA – "Winter Love"
 Mihimaru GT – "Kibun Jōjō ￪￪" (ja)
 Kobukuro – "Kimi to Iu Na no Tsubasa" (ja)
 Kaori Mizumori – "Kumano Kodō"
 W-inds – "Boogie Woogie 66" (ja)
 Nakamonomori Band (ja) – "Fly High" (ja)
 Sukima Switch – "Boku Note" (ja)
 Koda Kumi – "Yume no Uta"
 Ai Otsuka – "Ren'ai Shashin"

Best Composer
 Hiroshi Itsuki – "Takasebune"
 Singer: Hiroshi Itsuki

Best Lyricist
 Miyuki Nakajima – "Sorafune
 Singer: Tokio

Best Arranger
 Takeshi Kobayashi – "Yubi Kiri"
 Singer: Yo Hitoto

Planning Awards
 Hideaki Tokunaga – Vocalist 2 (ja)
 Mitsuko Nakamura (ja) – Yarōtachi no Uta
 Folk Song Yearbook 1966–1982  Folk & New Music Complete Works
 King Records, Columbia Music Entertainment, Sony Music Direct, Teichiku Records, EMI Music Japan, Nippon Crown, JVC Kenwood Victor Entertainment, For Life Music Entertainment, Pony Canyon, Yamaha Music Communications, Universal Music Japan
Yoshida Tadashi Dango Album II
 Yoshida Tadashi Orchestra, Yoshinao Ōsawa (ja), JVC Kenwood Victor Entertainment

Special Awards
 Toshiko Akiyoshi
 Exile and Koda Kumi – "Won't Be Long"
 Kigurumi – "Tarako Tarako Tarako" (ja)
 Ryoko Moriyama and Begin – "Nada Sōsō"
 Masashi Sada – Natsu Nagasaki kara Sada Masashi (ja)

Achievement Awards
 Yū Aku
 Hiroshi Ashino (ja)
 Sanechika Andō (ja)
 Hiroshi Eguchi (ja)
 Rei Nakanishi
 Tadao Hirayama
 Takeharu Yamamoto (ja)

Special Achievement Awards
 Yukio Aoshima
 Shōsuke Ichikawa (ja)
 Akira Ifukube
 Hiroshi Uchiyamada (ja)
 Setsuo Ohashi (ja)
 Masako Kawada (ja)
 Teruhiko Kuze (ja)
 Tōroku Takagi (ja)
 Keiko Matsuyama (ja)
 Satoshi Mihara (ja)
 Hiroshi Miyagawa (ja)

Special Honour Award
 Toru Funamura (ja)

Honourable Mention Award
Awarded by the Japan Composer's Association
 Miko Takegawa (ja)

See also
57th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen

External links
Official Website.
Complete list of all winners .

Japan Record Awards
Japan Record Awards
Japan Record Awards
Japan Record Awards
2006


In differential geometry and dynamical systems, a closed geodesic on a Riemannian manifold is a geodesic that returns to its starting point with the same tangent direction. It may be formalized as the projection of a closed orbit of the geodesic flow on the tangent space of the manifold.

Definition
In a Riemannian manifold (M,g), a closed geodesic is a curve  that is a geodesic for the metric g and is periodic.

Closed geodesics can be characterized by means of a variational principle. Denoting by  the space of smooth 1-periodic curves on M, closed geodesics of period 1 are precisely the critical points of the energy function , defined by

If  is a closed geodesic of period p, the reparametrized curve  is a closed geodesic of period 1, and therefore it is a critical point of E. If  is a critical point of E, so are the reparametrized curves , for each , defined by . Thus every closed geodesic on M gives rise to an infinite sequence of critical points of the energy E.

Examples
On the unit sphere  with the standard round Riemannian metric, every great circle is an example of a closed geodesic. Thus, on the sphere, all geodesics are closed. On a smooth surface topologically equivalent to the sphere, this may not be true, but there are always at least three simple closed geodesics; this is the theorem of the three geodesics. Manifolds all of whose geodesics are closed have been thoroughly investigated in the mathematical literature. On a compact hyperbolic surface, whose fundamental group has no torsion, closed geodesics are in one-to-one correspondence with non-trivial conjugacy classes of elements in the Fuchsian group of the surface.

See also
Lyusternik–Fet theorem
Theorem of the three geodesics
Curve-shortening flow
Selberg trace formula
Selberg zeta function
Zoll surface

References

Besse, A.: "Manifolds all of whose geodesics are closed", Ergebisse Grenzgeb. Math., no. 93, Springer, Berlin, 1978.

Differential geometry
Dynamical systems
Geodesic (mathematics)


Manuel Salazar may refer to:

 Manuel Salazar (actor) (born 1956), Venezuelan actor
 Manuel Salazar (footballer) (born 1986), Salvadoran footballer
 Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano (1777–1850), President of Peru
 Manuel Salazar (artist) (born 1966), Mexican-American artist
 Manuel Salazar (gymnast) (born 1977), Mexican artistic gymnast


True Caribbean Pirates is a documentary which aired on The History Channel in 2006.

The documentary tells about pirates of the Caribbean such as Blackbeard, Henry Morgan, Anne Bonny and Black Bart Roberts. Larger than life, more dangerous than legend - pirates and buccaneers set sail for plunder. True Caribbean Pirates recreates the rise of piracy in the Caribbean and its climactic, inevitable downfall.

Show history
True Caribbean Pirates captures the events and tales of piracy that were said to take place in the Caribbean during the time when Christopher Columbus made his landing in the West Indies during 1492. Within this time, the land of the Caribbean had attracted the attention of many but was dominated by Spain; as they mined plenty of riches and gold out of the region. This drew attention to the land and disruptions arose- creating chaos in the new world. Regions such as Holland, England and France all began to send privateers into the land so they could to- establish a presence.

Characters
In the days of pirates and treasures, privateering was used to fight battles and disrupt the Spanish without having to pay for real navy within the Caribbean. Privateers were known to disrupt commerce and take part in the disruption of the enemies warships to protect trade against raiders.

Sir Henry Morgan- played by Lance J.Holt- was one of the most famous privateers to cross the Caribbean land was known for his ruthless acts against his ways to bring down them down through his brutal acts. The privateer turned pirate was most notorious for his two most famous attacks on Porto Bello and Panama. Porto Bello was targeted by Morgan due to it being the third most relevant Spanish city in regards to its saturation of warehouses that stored the riches discovered by Spanish colonies. Morgan and his men then went to capture Panama where they were much more capable of destruction compared to the opposing Spanish attackers. Sir Henry Morgan died unlike many other pirates- dying from what may have been tuberculosis and was buried at Palisadoes cemetery.

Blackbeard- played by Patrick Lander- earned his stripes by attacking Spanish ships during the Spanish Succession and to withhold the stolen goods which transformed him into an experienced sea robber, allowing him to join a group of Caribbean Pirates. Many stories have been retold time and time again about Blackbeard’s capturing ships with hostages and bribing them with their lives in turn for favors to benefit his conquests.

The fearful pirate in 1718, eventually took an offer of a pardon by the Governor of South Carolina and retired to the isle of Ocracoke an outer island off the coast of North Carolina. He indulged in a bit of smuggling but was ultimately lured to his death in 1719 by 2 British Navy Ships.

Lieutenant Robert Maynard set a trap for the supposedly reformed pirate by having both ships anchored off shore in rough seas, making the 2 seemingly distressed boats appear almost empty by pretending most of the crew had died. Blackbeard fell for it and saw only an easy target and not a trap, taking only a few men with him on board.

He swaggered on board and was ambushed, refusing  to go down easily. According to the logs of Lieutenant Maynard and his commanding officer Captain Gordon, Blackbeard took over 24 cuts from the sword after seemingly fighting for hours. Both men were impressed with his bravery and resilience but in the end it did Blackbeard no favor.

After eventually killing him during the vigorous battle, Lieutenant Maynard then decapitated the infamous pirate and strung his head up the mast.

"Calico" Jack Rackham- played by David Joseph Boyd-  was a pirate who conducted his operations in the Bahamas and Cuba. Rackham was not as successful in his missions as the previous two pirates mentioned and was mostly known for his relations with the two female pirates Anne Bonny (played by Michelle Michaels) and Mary Read (played by Kimberly Adair), who served under his command. This pirate’s most successful prize, Kingston, did not remain long in his power and therefore had left the pirate with little to be proud of. Jack’s legacy would not have been much had it not been for Bonny and Read. He was brought to his death after him and his crew were captured in Jamaica, tried and hung on November 28, 1720.

"Black Bart" Roberts- played by Scott Silbor- was a Welsh pirate who raided ships off the Americas and West Africa between 1719 and 1722. He was the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy (as measured by vessels captured), taking over 400 prizes in his career. He was originally the third mate on the slave ship Princess when it was captured by pirates off West Africa in 1719, and Roberts and several other of the crew of the Princess were forced to join the pirate crew. After the captain was killed in an ambush on the island of Principe, Roberts was elected as the new captain. After avenging the previous captain by ransacking Principe, he sailed for Brazil in 1719 and later to the Caribbean. After sailing beck to the African coast, he was finally killed in action off Cape Lopez in 1722.

The stories of these pirates have been retold in this documentary as it separates the truth from the tales; truly depicting the true story of Piracy’s Golden Age.

References

External links
 Official History Channel True Caribbean Pirates website

2006 television films
2006 films
American documentary television films
Documentary films about historical events
Pirate films
History (American TV channel) original programming
Cultural depictions of Blackbeard
Cultural depictions of Calico Jack
Cultural depictions of Henry Morgan
Cultural depictions of Anne Bonny
Cultural depictions of Mary Read
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Rubén Adolfo Quijada Umanzor (born December 18, 1985) is a Salvadoran football player.

Club career
Quijada started playing football at 14 with youth team Pericos del Externado San José and played for UCA before joining Luis Ángel Firpo in 2006. In May 2010 he was released by Firpo.

International career
Quijada was called up twice for El Salvador but never played an official international match.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from San Salvador
Men's association football midfielders
Salvadoran men's footballers
C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers


Fred Lane may refer to:
Fred Lane (American football) (1975–2000), Carolina Panthers running back
Fred Lane (jockey) (1892–1979), winner of the 1932 Epsom Derby
Reverend Fred Lane, stage name of T.R. Reed
Frederick Lane (1880–1969), Australian swimmer
Frederic C. Lane (1900–1984), actor


Kato Lefkara () is a village in the Larnaca District of Cyprus. Its population in 2011 was 128.

References

External links
Official website of the Community Council of Kato Lefkara

Communities in Larnaca District


The 1992 Paris Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 20th edition of the Paris Masters, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1992 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, from 2 November through 9 November 1992. Ninth-seeded Boris Becker won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Boris Becker defeated  Guy Forget, 7–6(7–3), 6–3, 3–6, 6–3
 It was Boris Becker's 4th singles title of the year and the 35th of his career.

Doubles

 John McEnroe /  Patrick McEnroe defeated  Patrick Galbraith /  Danie Visser, 6–4, 6–2

References

External links
 ATP tournament profile
 Official website


LaGrange High School may refer to:

LaGrange High School (Georgia) in LaGrange, Georgia
LaGrange High School (Louisiana) in Lake Charles, Louisiana

Schools with similar names include:
La Grange High School in La Grange, Texas


The 50th Annual Japan Record Awards took place at the New National Theatre in Shibuya, Tokyo, on December 30, 2008, starting at 6:30PM JST. The primary ceremonies were televised in Japan on TBS.

Performers
Wink
Kome Kome Club
Aki Yashiro
Shinichi Mori

Awards winners
 Japan Record Award:  - Ti Amo
 Artist: Exile
 Songwriter and Composer: Kiyoshi Matsuo
 Composer and Arranger Jin Nakamura
 Record companies: Avex Entertainment
 Best Vocal Performance: Mitsuko Nakamura - Onna no Tabiji
 Best New Artist: Jero - Umiyuki
 Best album: Namie Amuro - Best Fiction

Nominees

Japan Record Awards
Thelma Aoyama feat. SoulJa — "Soba ni Iru ne"
Junko Akimoto — "Ai no mama de" (愛のままで...)
W-inds. — "Ame Ato" (アメあと)
Exile — "Ti Amo"
Cute (°C-ute) — "Edo no Temari Uta II"
Kumi Koda — "Moon Crying"
Kazuyoshi Saito — "Ya Mujō" (やぁ 無情)
Nana Tanimura — "Jungle Dance"
Tohoshinki — "Dōshite Kimi o Suki ni Natte Shimattandarō?"
Kiyoshi Hikawa — "Genkai Funauta" (玄海船歌)
Kaori Mizumori — "Wajima Asaichi" (輪島朝市)
Mihimaru GT — "Girigiri Hero"

Best New Artist
Girl Next Door
Jero
Kimaguren
Mai Fukui
Kumiko Sakurai

See also
59th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen

External links
Official Website

Japan Record Awards
Japan Record Awards
Japan Record Awards
Japan Record Awards
2008


Wang Jing may refer to:

 Wang Jing (Han dynasty) (王景), Eastern Han dynasty official
 Wang Jing (Three Kingdoms) (died 260), Wei politician of the Three Kingdoms period
 Jing Wang (professor) (1950–2021), MIT professor
 Wang Jing (businessman) (born 1972), Chinese billionaire businessman
 Wang Jing (mountaineer) (born 1975), mountaineer and co-founder of Toread Holdings Group Co., Ltd.
 Wong Jing (王晶; born 1955), Hong Kong film director, producer, actor, presenter, and screenwriter
 Gingle Wang (王淨; born 1998), Taiwanese actress

Sportspeople
 Wang Jing (canoeist) (born 1971), Chinese canoeist
 Wang Jing (athlete) (born 1988), Chinese sprinter
 Wang Jing (cricketer), cricketer

See also
Wangjing (disambiguation) for locations
Wang Jin (disambiguation)


Fool is a novel by American writer Christopher Moore, released on February 10, 2009.

The novel takes its premise from the plot of  Shakespeare's play King Lear, narrated from the perspective of the character of the Fool, whose name is Pocket.

In the course of the novel are  references to   other Shakespeare plays, ranging from short quotations to whole  characters—most notably the three witches from Macbeth.  While the style of Fool is directed at an American audience, the author incorporates at times Shakespearean vocabulary, archaic syntax, and modern British slang, and obscure cultural terms relating to medieval life, which  are explained in footnotes. In addition, Moore invents humorous British-style place-names for fictitious locations in the story.

This novel was followed by a sequel, The Serpent of Venice, released in 2014, which combines characters and plot elements from Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and Othello, and Poe's The Cask of Amontillado, while keeping the perspective of Pocket. A second sequel, Shakespeare for Squirrels, places Pocket into a milieu based on Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Plot

Pocket is the royal fool at the court of King Lear of Britain. To prevent Lear from marrying off his daughter Cordelia, a girl Pocket is especially fond of, he schemes with Edmund of Gloucester. Pocket advises the bastard (i.e., illegitimate) Edmund how to take the land of his legitimate brother Edgar, while Edmund is to prevent the marriage of Cordelia. Edmund somehow gets Lear to ask each of his three daughters – Goneril, Regan and Cordelia – how much they love him. While Goneril and Regan please the old king with their exaggerations, Cordelia enrages him with her famous laconic “I love thee, according to my bond.” Lear disinherits Cordelia and divides his kingdom between Goneril and Regan. Notwithstanding, the prince of France marries Cordelia and takes her with him.

Deprived of his adored Cordelia and angry with Lear because of the way Cordelia was treated, Pocket – advised by the ghost of a woman who turns out was not only his deceased lover but also the former queen of Lear and mother of Cordelia – starts his own vendetta: He encourages Goneril and Regan to strip Lear of his remaining power (especially his train of 100 knights, one of the conditions on which Lear passed the kingdom to his daughters) and works to drive the older sisters into war against each other. Lear finally realizes his error and goes temporarily mad. To estrange the sisters he makes both believe that they are in an affair with Edmund of Gloucester.  While successful in this, Pocket fails to incite civil war, simply because Cordelia – now a veritable warrior queen – invades Britain with her army from France. Lear, and later on Pocket, end up in the dungeon of the castle now ruled by Edmund, now Earl of Gloucester.

The two elder sisters are in the same castle and ally against Cordelia, but poison each other out of jealousy nonetheless. Edmund confronts Lear and Pocket, and Pocket kills him with his throwing knives. Shortly after, Lear dies. Cordelia invades the castle and becomes queen of Britain. Pocket, who has been told by witches that he is the son of Lear’s brother, marries Cordelia and is made king.

Popularity
The novel debuted in fourth place on the New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover fiction, according to the online issue for February 20, 2009.

External links

Author's web page for the novel
The first chapter of the novel at the author's blog

A table discussion with the author about the novel
Review by Michael Dirda of the Washington Post

Novels by Christopher Moore
American comedy novels
Absurdist fiction
2009 American novels
2009 fantasy novels
Works based on King Lear
Novels based on works by William Shakespeare


The Idakho (Abitakho, Idakho, Abidakho) are a Luhya sub-group that reside primarily in the fertile Kakamega District, Western Kenya.  Idakho is administratively known as Ikolomani, Ikolomani being the only Constituency in the region.

As is the case with the wider Western Province, Idakho, Kakamega is densely populated with its 2007 population estimated at having surpassed 150,000.

The Idakho people a subgroup of the Luhya ethnic group were estimated in the 2019 Census of Kenya to number 59,661 people.

It is widely believed that the Bidakho are descendants of Mwitakho.

Scarcity of land and the Bidakho's changing lifestyles have made the people diversify with many today engaging in dairy farming and on a smaller scale, tea farming. Maize however is the most widely grown crop, supplying their staple food, bushuma. It is harvested bi-annually.They are known for Isukuti (Mwinuyu) Dance, drum making, and bullfighting.

The traditional life however only serves as a supplement to their 'modern' family life.

Enjoying good levels of literacy (72%), Bidakho today are actively engaged in business, the civil service and private enterprise in all major East African towns.

History

Mwitakho and his brother, Mwisukha are widely believed to have founded the two subtribes - Idakho and Isukha...

Geography
They are located between two major tarmac roads. The one leading to Kakamega from kisumu and the one leading to Mumias from kakamega town

The Arts and Culture

Bull-fighting
Bull Fighting is one of Kakamega's main tourist attraction sites. Pot making brings income to women while Gold digging is known to take place in the River Yala and around Sigalagala(f.pakata, kicd 2016)

Dance
 Isikuti dance
 Lipala

Language
Lwidakho dialect.

Religion
Many people go to Friends Church (Quakers) as it is popular in the Western Region.

Literature

The Idakho Clans

Abashimuli
Abashimuli clan are mainly found in Iguhu location of Ikolomani Constituency. Abashimuli word comes from the word Shimuli meaning bud flowers. They're found in Iyala, Masiyenze, makhokho villages. Common names among Abashimuli include Lijembe, Shivachi, Ambani, Makhaya, Wendo etc.

Abashikulu
Bashikulu are idakho people that now live at Ishikulu which includes Ishichiko and Ilusiola. Others are at Imakata and Imadivini. These include the Ngairas', Amulyotos of the Basirima.

Abamasaba
They are located in mutaho and shimanyiro area. River Isiukhu traverses their region. Major families include Ndula, Mukhono and many others. They are considered to be among the most educated as most of them are lecturers, doctors, engineers and other white collar professions.

Abashiangala

Abamusali

Abangolori

AbamahaLia

Abayokha

Abasembe

Abamuhali

Abarendwa

Abamabuusi
Lennox Ludenyo Amalemba

Current Leaders
Bernard Shinali , MP Ikolomani

References

Luhya


Siberia: How the East Was Won is a 2004 documentary film that aired on The History Channel. It attempts to describe Russia's eastward expansion, beginning with the Cossack invasions some five centuries ago. The film was produced using the English language.

Aspects of the documentary
A look at a vast and misunderstood land
Exploration of the northern forests of Asia;
Footage of traveling on the Trans-Siberian Railway;
Comparison of Russia's eastward expansion with the westward expansion of the United States during the nineteenth century;
Discusses pivotal events in the history of Siberia;
Examines the effects on Siberia of the fall of Communism at the end of the twentieth century;
Breathtaking photography of the area's natural beauty;
Interviews with historians and scholars;
Interviews with residents of Siberia.

A DVD containing the documentary was released in 2004. Its run time is 100 minutes.

A&E Television issued a version of the documentary in 2008; its run time is 94 minutes.

References

External links

2000s English-language films
American documentary television films
Documentary films about Russia


Lucius Vitruvius Cerdo was an ancient Roman architect active in Verona.  His only known work is the Arco dei Gavi, a 1st-century arch in Verona, Italy. The arch is inscribed "Lucius Vitruvius Cerdo, a freedman of Lucius", which has led to Verona being suggested as the birthplace of the earlier and better-known architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio.

References

1st-century Romans
Ancient Roman architects
History of Verona
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown
Architects from Verona
Vitruvii


"Two Occasions" is an R&B song written by Babyface, Darnell Bristol and Sid Johnson (who was the former manager for Babyface's early group, Manchild). It was produced by Babyface and L.A. Reid for the Deele's third studio album Eyes of a Stranger (1987). The ballad was released as the album's second single in December 1987. It is the only song on the album that features Babyface on lead vocals, which alternate between himself, Bristol, and Carlos "Satin" Greene throughout the course of the song.  It has since been remade into a live version with added vocals from Babyface with all original vocals from the Deele intact; this version appeared on the 12-inch maxi single and also three years later on his album, A Closer Look.

Reception
Craig Lytle, in his review of the album for AllMusic, called "Two Occasions" a "quiet-storm classic" with "superb arrangement and production", declaring the song "worthy of a number-one ranking." In 1989, the song won a BMI Pop Award.

Although the band's first hit "Body Talk" actually had a higher placement on the R&B chart, "Two Occasions" is widely considered The Deele's most successful single. It peaked at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100, number four on the Hot Black Singles chart and number 21 on the Adult Contemporary chart.

Charts

Legacy
The song and Babyface were referenced by Mariah Carey in her 2005 hit song, "We Belong Together", and sampled in the remix.

References

1987 singles
The Deele songs
Songs written by Babyface (musician)
Song recordings produced by Babyface (musician)
Songs written by Darnell Bristol
1987 songs
1980s ballads
Contemporary R&B ballads
Song recordings produced by L.A. Reid
Quiet storm songs
SOLAR Records singles


The Kimmel Kabins were a tourist camp in Grand Teton National Park.  The camp was built in 1937 by J.D. and Lura Kimmel with a rustic lodge and eleven cabins on either side of Cottonwood Creek south of Jenny Lake. The camp is the only remaining example of a motor court-style camp in Grand Teton out of as many as twelve former establishments.  The camp eventually featured a store with a post office.

The Kimmels sold the strategically located property in 1944 in exchange for a life estate. After Lura Kimmel's death in 1962 the cabins were used as seasonal residences for National Park Service employees and the other buildings were removed.

The Kimmel Kabins were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1990.

See also
 Historical buildings and structures of Grand Teton National Park

References

External links

Auto Camps at Grand Teton National Park
Grand Teton Historic Resource Study: Tourists National Park Service
Kimmel Kabins at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Park Service rustic in Wyoming
Log cabins in the United States
Buildings and structures in Grand Teton National Park
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Teton National Park
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
1937 establishments in Wyoming


Barikad Crew is a rap kreyòl (Haitian hip-hop) group from Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

History
The group is from Rue Nicolas in Port-au-Prince, and was founded in 2002 by Papa K-tafalk, Deja-Voo and Kondagana. Their primary focus was to produce music that reflects the lifestyle of the slums. The trio invited several other rappers from other underground groups to join.

Their first single was a carnival song "Projè Project" released in 2003. In the beginning of 2004, Barikad Crew released "Bay Hip hop Bourad" together with a video filmed in their neighborhood park. Their second single, "Kijan'l Te Ye", was released in January 2005.

The group rose to fame at the end of 2005 when they won 3rd place at the popular TV's Christmas songs contest, "Konkou Chante Nwel", on Telemax with the song "Nwel Pa'm".

At the beginning of 2006, Barikad Crew released their carnival hit song, called "Trip N'ap Trip".

Their debut album is called Goumen Pou Saw Kwè, and was released in November 2007. At the time of the album release, the group's members were: Bricks, Brital, Dade, Deja-voo, Fantom, Izolan, Kondagana, Marco, Master Sun, Papa K-tafalk, and Young Cliff.

On 15 June 2008, three members of the group (K-tafalk, Deja-Voo, Dade) died in a car accident while they were on their way to a concert in Haiti. Less than two years later, another member, Young Cliff, died in the January 2010 earthquake.

On 17 February 2015, lead singer Fantom came into contact with a high-voltage power line during a Kanaval parade. At least 18 people were killed and 78 injured when they were caught in the ensuing stampede.

On 28 May 2022, the Haitian press published the news of the death of Fred Hype, beatmaker and producer of Barikad Crew.

Members
 Bricks
 Brital
 Dade (died in a car accident on 15 June 2008)
 Deja-Voo (died in a car accident on 15 June 2008)
 Fantom (left the group 18 July 2020)
 Izolan
 Kondagana
 Marco (left group in 2013)
 Master Sun (left group in 2012) but He's the CEO of masterliveryservices.com in Boston MA
 Papa K-tafalk (died in a car accident on 15 June 2008)
 Young Cliff (died in the Haiti earthquake on 12 January 2010)

Albums
 Goumen Pou Saw Kwè (November 2007)
 Jiskobou 2008)
 RED (July 2012)
 Trip N'ap Trip
 Bay Hip Hop Bourad (2004)(K-Naval)
 Kijan'l te ye (2005)(K-Naval)
 Trip N'ap Trip (2006)(K-Naval)
 Ban'm Afè'm (2006)
 Tay Kreyon (2007)(K-Naval)
 Nou Di Non (2007)
 Ti Fi Pile Ti Gason Pyafe (2008)(K-Naval)
 Pi Cho (2008)
 Toup Pou Yo (2009)(K-Naval)
 Teyat (2010)(K-Naval)
 Se sa nou Vle (2011)
 Toulebagay (2012) (K-Naval)
 TOF (2013) (K-Naval)
  2008
 Boukannen 2012
 Toutouni (2015) (K-Naval)
 Travay (2016) (K-Naval)
 Tann Jou Pa'w (2017) (k-Naval)
 Transfòmasyon (2018) (k-Naval)
 Trèt (2019) (K-Naval)

References

External links
Official website

Haitian musical groups
Haitian hip hop musicians
Road incident deaths in Haiti


Thomas William Baxter (1 February 1903 – 21 August 1987) was an English footballer who played on the left wing for Welbeck Colliery, Newark Town, Worksop Town, Mansfield Town, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Port Vale, Margate, Carlisle United, and Distillery. He helped the "Valiants" to win the Third Division North title in 1929–30.

Career
Baxter played amateur football for Welbeck Colliery, Newark Town and Worksop Town (Midland League). He began his professional career with his hometown club Mansfield Town. He moved to Second Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers in late 1927, and made his "Wolves" debut on 17 December 1927 in a 2–0 defeat to Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. He remained in the team for the remainder of the 1927–28 season and played the majority of the 1928–29 campaign. An attacking player, he scored 15 goals in a total of 53 appearances for the Midlanders. He left Molineux to join Port Vale in August 1929.

He was a regular member of the "Valiants" 1929–30 Third Division North winning side, claiming nine goals in 43 appearances. He lost his first team place in December 1930, and featured in just 16 games of the 1930–31 season, as the Vale achieved a club record high of fifth in the Second Division. He left The Old Recreation Ground at the end of the campaign and returned to Mansfield. He later spent two spells with Margate and also played for Carlisle United and Distillery (Irish League).

Career statistics
Source:

Honours
Port Vale
 Football League Third Division North: 1929–30

References

1903 births
1987 deaths
Footballers from Mansfield
English men's footballers
Men's association football outside forwards
Welbeck Welfare F.C. players
Newark Town F.C. players
Worksop Town F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Margate F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Lisburn Distillery F.C. players
Midland Football League players
English Football League players


The Mori–Torbole Tunnel (Italian: Galleria Adige–Garda) is a diversion tunnel completed in 1959 between the Italian towns of Mori and Nago-Torbole to connect the Adige river with Lake Garda.

Its function is to reduce water levels in the river upstream of the province of Verona by discharging excess water into the lake. The tunnel reduces the risk of flooding in Verona and environs from once every seventy years to once every two centuries.

To increase the level of Lake Garda by , the tunnel must divert about  of water.

When the tunnel is open, the temperature shock and inflow of mud caused by the sudden influx of the Adige's water endanger the lake's fish populations, although the lake's larger volume is able to absorb large quantities of extraneous water into itself. For these reasons the tunnel is used only on the rare occasion when there is a flood risk in the Veronese basin.

Main characteristics
 Length:
 Share of lead:  a.s.l.
 Opening level:  a.s.l.
 Difference:
 Slope: 0.8688%
 Average diameter:
 Hydraulic section:
 Maximum capacity:
 Water speed at the maximum capacity:
 Water speed at the minimum flow:

History
After the great floods of the second part of the 19th century (the last in 1882), defense of the city of Verona from Adige floods was deemed urgent. Using an idea already established in the 18th century, Venice's Water Magistrate proposed constructing a diversion tunnel to Lake Garda that would alleviate flooding by conveying that part of the Adige's flow exceeding the river's carrying capacity. The lake's surface area, equal to about , would allow the diversion of huge volumes of river water with only a modest increase in the lake's level. The most appropriate solution was considered to be a tunnel originating on the right bank of the Adige near Ravazzone (a subdivision of Mori) and terminating at Lake Garda to the south of Torbole. The depth of the lake at that location would allow solid material that might be transported by the water to be deposited without damage. Construction began under the fascist government in March 1939, was suspended for the war in 1943, then resumed in 1954 to finish in May 1959.

Lake Loppio was drained during the construction of the tunnel. Water leaks became common as the tunnel approached the lake, and the lake was drained to prevent these and to reduce the danger posed to the workers.

The tunnel was used eleven distinct times in the 55 years between its opening and 2002. It was opened again in October 2018 in response to unusually high water levels in the Adige.

Features
The electromechanical equipment that supports the Adige-Garda Tunnel consists of grilles, watertight doors and gates with associated control panels, and controls housed in special rooms. The gates are positioned on four intake windows. Each gate has a width of  and is made up of two overlapping panels. The lower of the two panels is  high and the upper one  high.

See also
 Tunnel
 List of water tunnels

References

Tunnels completed in 1959
Buildings and structures in Trentino
Tunnels in Italy
Canals opened in 1959
Drainage tunnels


Thomas Beer (1889–1940) was an American author.

Thomas Beer may also refer to:

 Tom E. Beer (born 1969), American football player
 Tom Beer (born 1944), American football player


Symphyotrichum ascendens (formerly Aster ascendens) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names western aster, long-leaved aster, and Rocky Mountain aster. Blooming July–September, it is native to western North America and can be found at elevations of  in several habitats.

Description
Symphyotrichum ascendens is a rhizomatous, perennial, and herbaceous plant growing a branching, erect stem to heights between . Leaves are widely lance-shaped to oblong and pointed, the largest ones near the base of the stem reaching up to  long. The stem and leaves are roughly hairy in places.

The inflorescence is an array of many flower heads with many narrow violet to nearly white ray florets around a center of golden disc florets that open July–September. The fruit is a hairy cypsela with a long pappus. S. ascendens is similar to Symphyotrichum chilense, which has smaller flower heads.

Chromosomes
Symphyotrichum ascendens has a chromosome base number of x = 13. There are diploid individuals (2n = 26) which occur in the western portion of its range, and tetraploid ones (2n = 52) found eastward.

Taxonomy
S. ascendens is a member of the genus Symphyotrichum, sometimes called American-asters, classified in the subgenus Ascendentes. Its basionym (original scientific name) is  and it has many taxonomic synonyms. Its name with author citations is Symphyotrichum ascendens . In 1834, English botanist John Lindley formally described the plant that now is named Symphyotrichum ascendens.

This species is allopolyploid, derived from the hybridization of S. spathulatum (chromosome base number x = 8) with S. falcatum (x = 5), each from a different subgenus, Symphyotrichum and Virgulus, respectively. This produced a plant with a unique base number of x = 13, also written x2 = 13 (8 + 5), and it warranted its own subgenus, Ascendentes, and its own species name. One other species is placed within subgenus Ascendentes: S. defoliatum.

Distribution and habitat

Western aster is native to western North America from British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to the United States in Montana and North Dakota then south to New Mexico, west to California, north to Washington state, and all states in between. It can be found at elevations of  in several habitats including grasslands, sagebrush steppe, and meadows.

Citations

References

External links

BONAP distribution map, Biota of North America Program, 2014

ascendens
Flora of Western Canada
Flora of the Northwestern United States
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Flora of North Dakota
Flora of New Mexico
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
~
~
Plants described in 1834
Taxa named by John Lindley


Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. (DEGA) (German society for acoustics) was established 1988 to promote research and application of acoustics.

DEGA is a member of the European Acoustics Association (EAA), the International Commission for Acoustics (ICA) and the  International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (I-INCE). It has about 2.000 members (2020).

DEGA is the organizer of the annual German acoustics conference Deutsche Jahrestagung für Akustik (DAGA) in March. First DAGA was held in 1970 by the Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Akustik.

Helmholtz-Medaille
 1991 Eberhard Zwicker (posthum)
 1993 Gerhard M. Sessler
 1994 Wolfgang Kraak
 1995 Manfred R. Schroeder
 1996 Heinrich Kuttruff
 1997 Fridolin P. Mechel and Manfred Heckl (posthum)
 1999 Helmut A. Müller
 2000 Arno Lenk
 2001 Jens Blauert
 2002 Karl Gösele
 2003 Wolfgang Eisenmenger
 2004 Jürgen Meyer
 2005 Volker Mellert
 2006 Ernst Terhardt
 2007 Werner Schirmer
 2008 Frank J. Fahy
 2009 Peter Költzsch
 2010 Hugo Fastl
 2011 Judith Lang
 2012 Wolfgang Fasold
 2013 Werner Lauterborn
 2014 Michael Möser
 2015 Lothar Gaul
 2016 Joachim Scheuren
 2017 Armin Kohlrausch
 2018 Wolfgang Ahnert
 2019 Diemer de Vries and Sonoko Kuwano
 2020 Reinhard Lerch

References

Scientific organisations based in Germany
Organizations established in 1988
1988 establishments in Germany