Clola is a hamlet in Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Clola is situated on the A952 road. There is considerable evidence of local habitation by early man in the vicinity of Clola. Some of these nearby human traces are evident in Catto Long Barrow, a massive stone structure now surrounded by agricultural fields.

Geography and architecture
The scattered residential and farming community of Clola, about three miles north of Ardallie, is centred on Clola crossroads on the A952 some 2.5 miles south of Mintlaw. The neighbourhood extends to a radius of a little over a mile around the former Church. 18th century spellings are Clolloch and Clolah, which probably came from the Gaelic clach or clachach meaning stony place.

Church
The picturesque church building stands to the east of the crossroads. It is now a dwelling house its exterior form has happily been retained, bearing clear witness to its original function. The first church at Clola was a simple heather thatched stone and clay structure on the opposite side of the A952, near the latter day manse. This was superseded in 1784 by a new building on the present site. In the secessions of the early 19th century Clola became part of the Free Church of Scotland, in opposition to the Established Church, and in keeping with its new status the church was rebuilt in its present form in 1864. The construction of the third church cost £1,500 and was mainly funded by donations from the congregation. The plans were drawn up by Campbell Douglas and James Stevenson from Glasgow. It featured a stained glass window to the memory of William Ferguson of Kinmundy, at one time chairman of the Great North of Scotland Railway Co. and this window survives in the private dwelling. The Free Church re-united with the Church of Scotland in 1929. Population drifts in the post-War years led to Clola being linked with Ardallie, and this linked charge in turn finally united with Deer Parish on 4 May 1975. The last service at Clola had been held eight months earlier on 31 August 1974.

Toll house
Quarter of a mile south of the Church is the former Toll House (Shannas Tollhouse). It is one of a small number of Tollhouses still used as a domestic dwelling and considered a good example of vernacular buildings. It sits adjacent to an old stretch of road beside the A952. Under the Turnpike Act of 1795 the minimum distance between toll bars was six miles. The Toll of Birness (the junction of the A952 Fraserburgh road and A92 Peterhead road) to the south of Ardallie is six miles from Clola. The Tollhouse is home to Shannas Gordon Setters which have produced many champions in the breed in both the UK and overseas. The Toll House has an Ordnance Survey cut mark, a basic type of Benchmark on the corner of the house.

Shannas school
The former school for Clola primary children was Shannas School south of the Toll house on the A952. It closed in 1967 at a time of "educational re-organisation". Clola children are now educated at Mintlaw, which has two primary schools and an academy taking children through to their sixth year of secondary education.

Durie
Half a mile east of Clola Church is the former weaver's hamlet of Durie. As elsewhere in Clola, modern homes have been built here in recent years. Durie is mentioned in records as far back as 1588, when it was spelt Dowrie. By 1600 the modern day spelling is adopted. The name is believed to come from the Gaelic dobhar or dobhran meaning a small stream, and the name Durie was originally applied to the Clola Burn which runs nearby.

Kinmundy, Coynach and Shannas

South of Durie is the site of Kinmundy House, once home to the Fergusons of Kinmundy. Like so many of Scotland's former mansion houses, the roof was removed (presumably for tax purposes) in the early 1950s, and part of the house was later converted into farm buildings.
McKean describes Kinmundy House as being "classical 18th century".

To the west of Clola crossroads are Shannas Farm (which gave its name to the school), Brae of Coynach and Aulton of Coynach. Brae of Coynach is renowned for its herd of prime cattle, taking prizes at major events throughout the U.K. It is listed as category B by Historic Scotland. The house was built in 1851 to a design by Mackenzie and Matthews.

The road leads across to Skelmuir House, home in earlier times to a branch of the Gordon family.

Recent history
The age of commuting and ease of travel have wrought many changes in Clola. Recent years have seen old properties modernised and new homes built, and as a community Clola is increasing in size. But businesses which once made itself supporting have gone. South of the church are the former Joiner's Croft and Smiddy (Smithy), and Church Croft was the site of Foggie's Shop seventy years ago. To the north is the former Meal Mill, which operated into the early 1960s. The dwelling on the right to the north of the meal mill was a shop and local post office until the late 1960s. A track on the left beyond this leads to the ruins of a shoemaker's shop and twelve cottages, abandoned in the 1920s, which housed workers employed at Millbreck Woollen Mill. Bridgestone Cottages were also built for mill workers. The Woollen Mill stood in the clump of mature trees by the roadside leading to Barnyards farm and was famed for the quality of its blankets, tweed, wood and Winsey aprons. The Millbreck Woollen Mill was established by Thomas and Joshua Smith when they commenced woollen manufacture in Millbreck Mill in 1818. The lease of the land there expired circa 1909 when they concentrated all work in Peterhead at their Kirkburn Mill. Barnyards today is home to a renowned flock of Suffolk sheep. On a happier note, new enterprises have set up in recent times; including an antique dealer, plant hire contractor, kennels, a joinery business, a pine furniture shop and a farm shop.

See also
 Bogbrae
 Laeca Burn
 Cruden Bay

Line notes

References

 William Mackelvie and William Blair (1873) Annals and Statistics of the United Presbyterian Church, United Presbyterian Church (Scotland), published by Oliphant and A. Elliot, 708 pages
 AA Great Britain Road Atlas (2003) p. 57
 C. Michael Hogan (2008) Catto Long Barrow fieldnotes, The Modern Antiquarian
 Buchan Community Web (previous version circa 2003)

Villages in Aberdeenshire


Sorbaria is a genus of around four species of flowering plants belonging to the family Rosaceae.

Species
Accepted species include:
Sorbaria grandiflora (Sweet) Maxim.
Sorbaria kirilowii (Regel) Maxim.
Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Braun – false spiraea
Sorbaria tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehder – AGM

References

Rosaceae genera
Taxa named by Nicolas Charles Seringe
Taxa named by Alexander Braun


Kowang is a village in Mustang District and former village development committee (VDC) in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 659 people living in 170 individual households.

The VDC was abolished along with the other VDCs in March 2017 (replaced by Rural Municipalities), becoming part of the Thasang Rural Municipality, while the Dhawalagiri Zone was abolished along with the other Zones (replaced by provinces) in 2015, becoming part of Gandaki Province.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Rajadip is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1784 living in 370 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Raniban, Sagarmatha is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1874 living in 372 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Ratmata is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2507 living in 450 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


This articles details the History of the Puerto Rico Islanders. The Puerto Rico Islanders were a professional association football team based in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. Founded in 2003, the team played in the North American Soccer League (NASL), the second tier of the American soccer pyramid.

USISL
In 1995, a team called the Puerto Rico Islanders joined the USISL, now the United Soccer Leagues (USL), was founded by Joe Serralta, his wife Rosa Serralta and his son Joey Serralta prompted by Joey Serralta's proposal to his father while Joey Serralta was playing in the USISL with the Charlotte Eagles in 1994 of starting a professional soccer team in the USISL in his homeland. The team played only 7 games before the Serralta family decided to move the franchise to Houston, Texas on June 1, changing its name to the Houston Force, due to problems with the Puerto Rican Football Federation. In 1996 Joey Serralta would become the owner and president of the Houston Hurricanes F.C. while Joe Serralta, Sr. would bring the Islanders back to the island to play on a local basis.

Early years (2003-2005)
Eight year after Serralta's first attempt at professional football, he gave it another go and together with a group of Puerto Rican businessmen officially created the current incarnation of the Puerto Rico Islanders. The team played their first A-League season, now the USL First Division, in 2004. The original squad was composed of a large number of local Puerto Rican players and a contingency of foreign players composed of Americans, Brazilians, Salvadoran and Argentines completed this first squad, the team was coached by Brazilian Vitor Hugo Barros who was replaced several games into the season by Argentine Hugo Hernán Maradona, brother of the legendary Diego Armando Maradona. The team played its first league game on April 17, 2004 against the Toronto Lynx at the Juan Ramon Loubriel Stadium, the Islanders lost 1–0 in front of a reported 6,000 fans. The Islanders had their first victory on January 15, 2004 against the Charleston Battery with a score of 1–0 at the Juan Ramon Loubriel Stadium. Led by players like Mauricio Salles, Raúl Díaz Arce and Luis Fernando Zuleta Mechura the Islanders finished the 2004 season in 14th place, with a record of 5 wins, 17 losses and 6 ties.

In 2005, the Islanders still under Hugo Hernán Maradona brought in a new group of players that would become staples in the club for the next couple of seasons (Petter Villegas, Marco Vélez, Dan Kennedy, Caleb Norkus, Alejandro González Pareja and Noah Delgado), and retained several key players like Mauricio Salles. At the end of the season, the Islanders had an improved season record with 10 wins, 10 losses and 8 ties, this time barely missing the playoff.

2006 season
The Islanders opened their 2006 season with a mix of new players like Argentine Gustavo Barros-Schelotto, Chilean Arturo Norambuena, Canadian Alen Marcina, and homegrown talent Marco Vélez, Alexis Rivera, Rafael Ortiz Huertas, and American Dan Kennedy to create one of the strongest lineups in the club's short history, in a serious attempt to take the USL Div. 1 title for the first time.

Formed under the management of then head coach Jorge Alvial, the 2006 Islanders had a record of 3-2-1 up to early June, when Alvial put in his resignation to become a scout for the English club Chelsea. The club lumbered across the last half of the season barely making the playoffs, under the new head coach Toribio Rojas, Jorge Alvial's assistant coach, finishing the season in 6th place and with a record of 10-8-10.

In the weekend before the 2006 playoffs, the Islanders hosted Miami FC twice, who had Brazilians Romário and Zinho in their line up. The Islanders needed four points to qualify for the Playoffs. After going down 0:2 in the first half the Islanders managed to come back and win 4:2 in front of 8,600.

In the final game of the season against Miami on September 10, 2006, they attracted a record crowd of nearly 11,000 fans.  Early in the second half Miami took the lead. It wasn't until the 43rd minute of the second half that the Islanders equalized with an Arturo Norambuena penalty. A draw was sufficient for the Islanders to qualify in front of Seattle and Atlanta.

In the first round of the playoffs, the team played a home-away series against the Charleston Battery. Unfortunately for the Islanders, Charleston won the series 3:2, ending the 2006 season for the Puerto Ricans.

2007 season
The team came into the season on a high, they had just played a preseason tournament against MLS teams and achieved very successful results. They also had signed several dangerous players like Panamanian trio Victor Herrera, a Panamanian international, Gustavo Avila, and Alberto Zapata, a new goalkeeper Josh Saunders, rookie Jay Needham The Force folded after one game in Houston., plus a return of players like Marco Vélez, Petter Villegas and Noah Delgado. The squad was considered serious contenders for the title.

After one early success, the team took a turn for the worse. It was evident that Toribio Rojas had lost his edge and after an embarrassing 2:1 lost against bottom table Minnesota Thunder was let go from his coaching position and given the post of Youth System Director, when he left the team with a record of 1-3-3. Also attendance went down.

The FO quickly found a replacement in ex-FC Dallas coach Colin Clarke, who had found himself without a job after the debacle of the Virginia Beach Mariners. He immediately established himself as a hard and hotheaded coach. Because of the way he conducted the team's practice, he was given the nickname of "El General", because he worked the team like a general would with his troops.

The rapid change was also seen on the field, in the first game under Clark the team beat the Minnesota Thunder 2:1, just a week after it had lost against them. Clark and the Islanders turned around, even with some bad roster decisions by Clark in American Jared Montz and Jamaican Gregory Simmonds, he redeemed himself by signing players like Haitian Fabrice Noel, Englishman Taiwo Atieno and bringing Willie Sims on loan from the New England Revolution. These players had a positive impact on the squad and the team ended comfortably in 6th place, two spots on top of the last playoff spot.

The Islanders went into the playoffs with an air of confidence but facing powerhouse Montreal, passing the quarterfinals seemed very difficult. After a 2:3 lost in Montreal, the team came back at home with the 3:0 victory, winning the series 5:3. In the semifinals, the team faced the same problem but now against regular season champions Seattle Sounders. The Islanders lost at home but managed to tie the series in Seattle, losing the series 4–2 in penalties.

2008 season

On June 16, 2008, Jonathan Steele was included in the USL's "All-Star Week Players" list. On June 27, 2008, the Islanders defeated the Minnesota Thunder with a score of 1–0. Two days later, they won the second game of the series 3–1. The Islanders began gaining more points in the second half of June and early July, earning a total of 24 points, positioning themselves in the second position of the league's global standing. On July 18, 2008, the Islanders defeated the Carolina RailHawks, reaching the second place of the league's standings. On July 27, 2008, the team closed a road trip with a 3–2 victory against Minnesota Thunder, securing their position. On August 8, 2008, the Islanders defeated Rochester Rhinos four goals to none. This victory placed the team in the top of the league's standing for the first time in the club's history. After tying with Rochester two days later, the team shared the position with the Vancouver Whitecaps. In the final stages of the tournament, the Islanders regained the first position and on September 19, they won the first Commissioner's Cup since their creation, clinching the first place in the league's regular season. The Puerto Rico Islanders became the first team of the USL league to win 4 individual honors from a total of 5; this includes Goalkeeper of the Year (Bill Gaudette), Most Valuable Player (Jonathan Steele), Defense of the Year (Cristian Arrieta) and Head Coach of the Year (Colin "General" Clarke). Islanders would go on to the USL 1 Division final in Vancouver and lose to the Whitecaps 2:1, in the team's first final.

References

Puerto Rico Islanders


Rawadolu is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1637 living in 429 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Bunchrew (Scottish Gaelic: Bun Craobh, meaning "Near to the Tree") is a small village in the Highland council area of Scotland. It is around 3 miles (5 km) west of Inverness, close to the south shore of the Beauly Firth on the A862.

The village has a small caravan park and camping site.

In the past Bunchrew also had a small railway station as part of Inverness and Ross-shire Railway, opening in 1862. However, the station closed to passengers in 1960 and goods in 1964.

In the late-19th century, Bunchrew had a large bone manure works close to its railway station. This was the subject of numerous investigations, due to the toxic fumes the factory emitted.

Bunchrew House
Bunchrew House is a Scottish baronial-style mansion on the shore of the Beauly Firth, at the village's north end. The house was built in 1505 by Alexander Fraser of Lovat, then with only two rooms as little more than a blackhouse, the original wall of which stands behind the wooden panelling in the drawing room.

Under Simon Fraser, 6th Lord of Lovat, the house was expanded as a present to his wife Lady Jean, sister to the 2nd Earl of Moray. Jean oversaw much of the work, but died soon after its completion in 1621.

Clan Forbes
In 1673 the house was sold to John Forbes of Clan Forbes, the son of the then Provost of Inverness. After the purchase, Forbes is reported to have removed the motto "Fraser—Lord Lovat" carved over the front door—prompting 30 men of the Clan Fraser to smash the building's windows and destroy a mill on the grounds.

Before his death in 1688, John Forbes did much to improve the estate ground's, planting what is reputedly the "oldest holly tree in Scotland". He also planted a Lebanese cedar in the garden, now known as the "Loving Tree", due to the belief it would bring good luck to couples making an oath of love under its boughs.

During the Jacobite risings, Duncan Forbes (grandson of John and inheritor of Bunchrew House) played a large role in quashing the rebellion of '45. He was the first to report the landing of Charles Edward Stuart in Scotland to London, and allying with General George Wade during his march through the Highlands. A plan was concocted by Clan Fraser of Lovat to kidnap Forbes during the Siege of Culloden House, but was unsuccessful.

After the rebellion, Forbes supported severe punishment for its leaders. He was, however, financially ruined by the conflict, and never reimbursed by the British government whom he backed. According to legend, treasures from Bunchrew House were buried at the top of nearby Craig Dunain during this time, though they were never found.

Recent history
In 1842, Bunchrew House was sold by Clan Forbes to John Fraser Clan Fraser, later Fraser-Mackenzie. The house passed along the family line until it entered the hands of Malcolm Rifkind, then Scottish Secretary of State. In 1986, Rifkind converted Bunchrew House into a luxury hotel and wedding venue, which it remains to this day.

During the Second World War as well, an RAF unit was stationed at Bunchrew House.

References

Populated places in Inverness committee area


Karin Lochte (born 20 September 1952) is a German oceanographer, researcher, and climate change specialist. She was director of German Polar Research Alfred Wegener Institute from 2007 to 2017 as well as chairman of the management committee of Jacobs University Bremen.

Biography
Lochte was born in Hanover. She received her PhD in marine biology at the University College of North Wales in 1984.

After her PhD, she worked on deep sea microbiology at the Institut für Meereskunde, University of Kiel. Earlier in her career, Lochte was a professor of Biological Oceanography at the Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences at the Christian-Albrechts University in Kiel where she led a research unit that focused on chemical cycles in the sea. She lectured biological oceanography at the University of Rostock and Kiel from 1995 to 2000 and subsequently at the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research in Warnemünde until 2007. She was also the project coordinator for the Atlantic Data Base for Exchange Processes at the Deep Sea Floor (ADEPD), a European Union funded marine research project from 1998 to 2000. Her involvement in polar research began in 2007, when she started work at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven.

Lochte was appointed as the Director of the Alfred Wegener Institute in 2007 and hold that position to 2017. Her research focussed on the interactions between ocean nutrient cycles and climate. She has been the vice-president of Earth and Environment field research for the Helmholtz Association.

Affiliations
Lochte is a member of several national and international boards, scientific committees and research funding organizations. She was a member of the German Scientific Council, which advises the German Federal and state Governments and the on development of universities, science and research and is chair of the Scientific Commission of Lower Saxony. She is also a delegate of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research and chairperson of the Board of Governors of Jacobs University. She is on the advisory board of the Arctic Circle.

Honours

 Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1st class, 2017, accepted by Lochte (see Hanseatic rejection)

References

External links
 Karin Lochte profile - on academia-net.org
 Curriculum Vitae - German language

1952 births
Living people
Scientists from Hanover
German oceanographers
German marine biologists
German women academics
German Antarctic scientists
German women scientists
Women Antarctic scientists
Women oceanographers
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Environmental scientists


Salleri, Okhaldhunga is a Village Development Committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1621 residing in 321 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District
From Salleri to Everest Base Camp

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Pentorex (Modatrop), also known as phenpentermine or α,β-dimethylamphetamine, is a stimulant drug related to phentermine which is used as an anorectic to assist with weight loss. It also acts as a diuretic. Pentorex was developed by Nordmark in the 1960s.

References

Substituted amphetamines
Anorectics
Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents


The 1910–11 Ottawa Hockey Club season was the club's 26th season, second in the National Hockey Association. Ottawa won the league championship for the O'Brien Cup and took over the Stanley Cup from the Montreal Wanderers.

Regular season
The team opened the season with ten consecutive wins, not losing until February in Renfrew. This matched the club record of ten consecutive wins set in 1909–10. Marty Walsh and "Dubbie" Kerr led the league in goals with 37 and 32.

Final standings

Schedule and results

Player statistics

Goaltending averages

Leading scorers

Stanley Cup challenges

Ottawa played two challenges after the season at The Arena in Ottawa.

Galt vs. Ottawa
Five members of the Galt team were from the Ottawa area or had played for Ottawa: Hague, Baird, Murphy, Smith and Berlinguette. Odds given before the game had Ottawa as 3–1 favourites. Bruce Ridpath who had been knocked out in the final game of the season played in the challenge game. Only 2,500 attended the game, which was described as a 'poor exhibition' with 'water covering the ice in several places.' Ottawa led 5–0 before Galt scored two. The teams traded goals to the finish to make the final 7–4.

Referee: Russell Bowie Umpire: Duncan Campbell

Port Arthur vs. Ottawa

Marty Walsh was a "one-man wrecking crew", scoring ten goals against Port Arthur.

See also
1910–11 NHA season
1910 in sports
1911 in sports
List of Stanley Cup champions

References
 Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Triumph Books, 12, 50. .

Ottawa Hockey Club
Ottawa Senators (original) seasons
Stanley Cup championship seasons


Ola Kala (; Everything's Fine) is the eighth studio album and first international album featuring a number of English language songs by popular Greek singer-songwriter Sakis Rouvas, originally released on June 16, 2002, in Greece and Cyprus by Minos EMI. International songwriter and producer Desmond Child is the main producer of the album. The album was certified Gold eleven days after its release in Greece, while it eventually was certified Platinum shortly after.

Track listing

Original release

† "Tha Erthi I Stigmi", written by Natalia Germanou, is a Greek version of the song "Taste the Tears", originally released by Jason Raize and composed by Diane Warren
†† "Pou Tha Pas", written by Natalia Germanou, is a Greek version of the song "World of Make Believe", released by 3rd Faze and composed by Desmond Child

Re-release and international release

† In some markets:
"Tha Erthi I Stigmi", the Greek version of the song "Taste the Tears" originally released by Jason Raize and composed by Diane Warren, is replaced by his English cover of "Taste the Tears"
"Pou tha Pas", the Greek version of the song "World of Make Believe" released by 3rd Faze and composed by Desmond Child, is replaced with his English cover of "World of Make Believe"

French release

† "Feelings" is a cover of the 1975 Morris Albert song
†† "Dis Lui" is a cover of the 1975 Mike Brant song, which is a French adaptation of "Feelings"
††† A 2003 Ola Kala international reissue was made available in some markets to include "Dis lui" and "Feelings" as bonus tracks

European re-release

† Tracks 14–16 are taken off the next Greek album To Hrono Stamatao
†† Shake it is taken off the CD Single of same name

Singles and music videos
The album produced three music videos all by French directors.

"Disco Girl"
"Disco Girl", released on December 17, 2001, was the first single from the album. It was released as a CD single with one remix and a promotional CD was also available with three additional remixes. The music video of the song was directed by Antonin Bonnet & Tanguy Dairaine and first appeared in Greece under the original release. The video was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa.

"Ola Kala"
The music video for "Ola Kala" was shot in Montreal, directed by Xavier Gens and produced by the Bullring Production company.

"Dis lui"
"Dis lui" was shot in Southern France, directed by Xavier Gens and produced by the Bullring Production company. It was released in France and the "Dis lui" video was used for the English language cover of the original song, "Feelings", which was released internationally. It was also used for the Greek version entitled "Pes Tis", penned by Aris Davarakis, which appeared later that year as a single from the album To Hrono Stamatao.

Release history

Charts
The album certified gold in Greece eleven days after its release, and later was certified Platinum.  The album has not received any certifications abroad.

References

External links
 Sakis Rouvas' official website
 IFPI Greece official website with Greek charts

2002 albums
2003 albums
2004 albums
Albums produced by Desmond Child
Albums produced by Phoebus (songwriter)
Greek-language albums
Minos EMI albums
Sakis Rouvas albums


MullenLowe Profero is a digital marketing agency operating across twelve offices, with over 600 employees globally. Its services typically include customer experience, digital marketing, creative, media, technology, user experience (UX) and strategy. It is part of the MullenLowe Group global network, which is owned by global agency network Interpublic Group (IPG).

History
Profero launched on 25 March 1998 by brothers Daryl and Wayne Arnold. During the same year Profero acquired Sky (UK and Ireland) as an early client, by October 1998 Profero delivered a fully integrated campaign and was known to be the first and only organisation to "own" the internet in the UK for an entire day.
Since 1998 Profero Group have produced over 4,000 campaigns for clients including M&S, COI and Western Union, the company has expanded into Europe, Asia and Australia.

In 2000 Profero become the first digital agency to join the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, a move that led to further development of the company and the opening of additional regional offices.
From 2000 to 2010 Profero opened offices across the world to develop their global offering (London, Sydney, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo Beijing, New York City, and Seoul). Profero were responsible for the concept behind Factory Shanghai in Shanghai, China.

In July 2012, Profero’s acquired New York City-based Hispanic agency Vox Collective, its second expansion in America, seen as a move to increase the Profero Group's influence across Latin American markets.

On 21 January 2014, Profero was acquired by Lowe & Partners, and began operating globally as MullenLowe Profero.

On 7 March 2017, MullenLowe appointed Razorfish’s Vincent Digonnet as APAC CEO. In December, Profero co-founder and group head Wayne Arnold departed the company. With the announcement, Aaron Reitkopf was appointed Global Chairman.

In April 2018, MullenLowe Group CEO UK Dale Gall left the company, and was replaced by Jeremy Hine.

In April 2020, MullenLowe Profero parent MullenLowe Group merged its MullenLowe Open agency into MullenLowe Profero.  In June, the company announced that APAC CEO Digonnet was retiring, and that the division would be jointly led by previous MullenLowe Group Southeast Asia CEO Paul Soon and MullenLowe Profero in Tokyo CEO James Hollow.

References

External links

Alchemy Leads LLC

Information technology management
Advertising agencies of the United Kingdom
Marketing companies established in 1998
1998 establishments in the United Kingdom


Ghost Rider is a US short film on bus safety, shown primarily in American schools in the 1980s. After its re-discovery on the internet in the 21st century, it has become a cult film, thanks to its unusual plotline.

Plot
After enduring his first day of junior high school, Kevin is befriended on the bus ride home by Tracy Donnelly who offers him a sympathetic ear, saying she knows what's it's like to be new. She drops her pencil and Kevin picks it up, only to find that the girl has vanished. Her name is inscribed on the pencil.

While doing his homework Kevin passes his mother the pencil, and she states that the house is full of them - the Donnelly family used to live in the same house, before moving away after their daughter Tracy was killed in a bus accident.

Kevin realizes that Tracy is a ghost and anticipates meeting her again on the bus. Tracy is flirtatious with him, and before disappearing, gives him some homework - a bus safety manual to read. At hom,e Kevin ignores the leaflet, so Tracy haunts him; moving his weights, changing his radio stations, and fluttering the manual until he agrees to read it, learning emergency procedures as he does so.

The next time Kevin sees Tracy on the bus, she explains that she never read the bus safety manual, so she didn't know how to save herself when there was an accident, and she warns him that he will need to know soon. As she states this, one of the other students sees a pickup truck overtaking dangerously, only to meet another vehicle coming towards them. The school bus is forced off the road and dangles over a cliff, knocking the driver unconscious. Remembering what he'd read, and with some coaching from Tracy, Kevin evacuates the other students before reviving the driver and exiting the bus with him. With no counterweights, the empty bus falls over the cliff and crashes.

The other students hail Kevin as a hero, but he is concerned for Tracy, calling her name until she appears in the distance - only to wave goodbye and fade away again. Upset, Kevin is consoled and led back to the group by two of the students, one of whom was injured in the crash.

Cast
Doug Edmunds as Kevin
Wendy Taylor as Tracy Donnelly
W. Clair King as Bus driver
Gary Abdullah as Teacher
Debra Thompson as Kevin's mother

Cult film
With its supernatural/love story plotline, highly unusual for a short film designed to be shown to middle and high school students, Ghost Rider has become something of a cult item in the four decades since it was made. The film gained more attention with its inclusion in the "A/V Geeks" section of the Internet Archive's Moving Pictures Archive; both star Edmunds and writer-director Ungar posted messages on the board, relaying their experiences on making the film. The movie has been downloaded from the archive over 28,000 times as of January 2019. (In the fall of 2010, AV Geeks founder Skip Elsheimer had Edmunds do a voice-over narration of the film for a bus safety video compilation he curated for Kino, which remains unreleased.)

In 2013, RiffTrax, a comedy website that features three of the stars of Mystery Science Theater 3000 (Michael J. Nelson, Bill Corbett, and Kevin Murphy), wrote and performed a comedy commentary track for Ghost Rider, featuring jokes referencing the Nicolas Cage movie, the apparent disparity of the ages between the actors and the teenage characters they portrayed, and the off-screen father's taste for garlic salt.

Doug Edmunds has never appeared in another film (nor have any of the other actors, including co-star Wendy Taylor), but he wound up in show business anyway, as a musician. He co-founded the power-pop band the Gladhands, which released three well-received albums in the 1990s, and continues to write, record and perform to this day. Edumund's latest band project is called The Stars Explode, formed in 2007.

References

External links

1982 short films
1982 films
School buses
1980s English-language films
American short films


This is a list of episodes of the British television medical drama series The Royal.

When the episodes are aired or repeated abroad some musical tracks have been replaced from the original UK broadcast episode/s. This is due to either copyright issues or clearance issues from the various record companies.

87 episodes of The Royal have aired.

Series overview

Episodes

Series 1 (2003)

Series 2 (2003)

Series 3 (2003–04)

Series 4 (2004–05)

Series 5 (2006)

Series 6 (2007)

Series 7 (2008–09)

Series 8 (2009–11)

References

External links

Royal, The


Gold clauses in contracts allow a creditor the option to receive payment in gold or gold equivalent.  A gold clause may prove valuable to the creditor in long term contracts, wherein questions may arise as to whether a currency in use at the time the contract was entered into would still have the same value when payment is due. Creditor concerns in respect to inflation, war, changes in government, and any other uncertainty about the future value of currency would be common reasons for adopting a gold clause within a contract.

These clauses were common at the beginning of the 20th century.  However, their use in the United States was invalidated by
the Joint Resolution of June 5, 1933 (Pub. Res. 73–10) and the Gold Reserve Act of 1934. Congress later rendered gold clauses again enforceable for contracts issued after October 28, 1977, as codified in (d)(2).

In 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed the enforceability of such clauses in the decision 216 Jamaica Avenue, LLC vs S&R Playhouse Realty Co..

See also
Gold Clause Cases
Escalator clause

References

Gold
Contract clauses


The Narrows, is the only passage from the Atlantic Ocean to St. John's Harbour, Newfoundland, bordered north and south by steep rock walls. A skilled captain is required to navigate large ships through the Narrows, known as “threading the eye of the needle”. The channel has a least depth of 11 metres and at its narrowest point near Chain Rock is 61 metres wide. From at least circa 1830, metal rings were set into the rock on either side of the Narrows so that boats could "warp in" and be hauled along to clear the cliffs and dangerous rocks in the water. In 1855, work began to blast away the submerged top of the Merlin Rock to make a safer passage for steam ships.

The Narrows has served an important defense of the city of St. John’s from early pirates and settlers in 1655 to World War II.  In 1655 vice admiral Christopher Martin erected a fort on the south side to prevent privateers and enemy vessels from entering the port. In the mid 17th century, fortifications, known as Signal Hill, were built on a north-side hill, affording a view of the Narrows and the harbor. In 1763 Fort Amherst was built in the same area. In the late 18th century a defensive chain was erected across the narrows from Chain Rock to Pancake Rock which could be raised in the event of enemy ships advancing into the harbour. During World War II a steel mesh was installed to prevent enemy submarines from entering the harbor.

The Fort Amherst Lighthouse, now a heritage site, was erected at South Head, at the entrance to the Narrows to guide approaching vessels.

The south side of the Narrows was referred to as South Battery before 1800, then the residential fishing community was known as Southside East, and finally Fort Amherst, St. John's, which includes the historic lighthouse.

References

Landforms of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Straits of Newfoundland and Labrador


Serna is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1790.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


The Vorderkaiserfelden Hut () is an alpine hut in the Kufstein district, Austria. It is located at  on the southwest slope of the Zahmer Kaiser below the Naunspitze and high above the Kaisertal valley in the Kaisergebirge mountain range. It has a good view over the Inn valley and Kufstein and across to the Mangfall Mountains and the Wilder Kaiser.

Description
The hut is managed by the German Alpine Club's Oberland section. It has a 56 dormitory mattresses, 20 beds in double rooms and 11 in multibed rooms.

The Vorderkaiserfelden Hut is open year-round except three weeks in December and after Easter. It can be accessed from Kufstein, the hike takes about 2.5 hours, or from Ebbs, also within about 2.5 hours.

Already in 1889, a hut with 6 communal bunks and 14 beds existed.

In September 2023, the Oberland section announced that a replacement building for the Vorderkaiserfelden Hut is being planned due to structural defects.

Access
by bus from Munich in 1h 15min to Kufstein station
by bus from Kufstein station on line 4030 to Sparchen or to Ebbs/Reit "Cafe Zacherl"
by car to the payment car park at the entrance to the Kaisertal valley in the Kufstein suburb of Sparchen.

Approaches
 from Kufstein-Sparchen via Sparchenstiege, Veitenhof and Rietzaualm in 2.5 hours.
 from Ebbs/Reit via the "Musikantenweg" (No.811) in 3 hours.
 from the Gasthof "Zur Schanze" via the Rietzaualm in 2.5 hours.

Crossings
 Stripsenjochhaus (1,577 m) via Höhenweg, Hochalm and Feldalm saddle, duration: 4 hours
 Anton Karg Haus and Hans Berger Haus via the Hechleitenalm, easy, duration: 2 hours

Ascents
 Naunspitze (1,633 m), medium, duration: 45 minutes
 Petersköpfl (1,745 m), medium, duration: 1 hour
 Pyramidenspitze (1,998 m), via the Zahmer Kaiser plateau, medium, duration: 2.5 hours
 Pyramidenspitze (1,998 m), via Hinterkaiserfeldenalm, medium, duration:  2.5 hours
 Vordere Kesselschneid (2,002 m), via Höhenweg, Ochsweidkar cirque, medium, duration: 3 hours
 Route to the Zahmer Kaiser over the Pyramidenspitze with descent through the Winkelkar cirque to Durchholzen.
 various climbing routes on the Naunspitze, the Petersköpfl and the Steingrubenwand as well as the Heimköpfl climbing garden (Klettergarten).

Gallery

References

External links

 Official website of Vorderkaiserfelden
 Website of the German Alpine Club
 Description by Cicerone Press
Site of the Oberland Branch of the DAV

Mountain huts in Tyrol (state)
Kaiser Mountains


Singhadevi is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2348 living in 452 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Sisneri is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3542 living in 636 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Taluwa is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 2067 living in 371 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Tarkerabari is a village in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1968 living in 365 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


The 2004 Monte Carlo Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 98th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Masters Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 19 April through 25 April 2004. Third-seeded Guillermo Coria won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Guillermo Coria defeated  Rainer Schüttler 6–2, 6–1, 6–3
 It was Coria's 2nd title of the year and the 8th of his career. It was his 1st Masters title of the year and his 2nd overall.

Doubles

 Tim Henman /  Nenad Zimonjić defeated  Gastón Etlis /  Martin Rodríguez 7–5, 6–2
 It was Henman's only title of the year and the 15th of his career. It was Zimonjić's only title of the year and the 8th of his career.

References

External links

 ATP tournament profile
 ITF tournament edition details

Monte Carlo Masters
Monte Carlo Masters
Monte Carlo Masters
Monte-Carlo Masters
Monte


Thakle is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2336 living in 390 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Leininger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Claus Leininger (1931–2005), German theatre director and manager
Dannette Leininger (born 1963), American handball player
James Leininger (born 1998), American child reincarnation case
James R. Leininger, American businessman
Madeleine Leininger (1925–2012), American nurse

See also
Leininger Peak, mountain of Antarctica


Chen Changjie (); is a retired professional badminton player from China.

Career
Chen rated among the world's leading singles players when China entered the International Badminton Federation (now Badminton World Federation) in 1981. The powerful Changjie won the first major IBF sanctioned tournament in which China participated, the multi-sport 1981 World Games in Santa Clara, California, by successively beating Prakash Padukone and Morten Frost in the semifinal and final rounds. He helped China to win the 1982 Thomas Cup (world men's team championship) by winning three of his four matches in the last two rounds against Denmark and Indonesia. In 1983 Changjie won the Asian Championships in a grueling duel with Indonesia's Eddy Kurniawan The following year Changjie married Zhang Ailing, a brilliant player on the Chinese women's team, and neither appeared in international competition after 1984.

Achievements

World Cup
Men's singles

World Games
Men's singles

Asian Games
Men's singles

Asian Championships
Men's singles

References

External links

1959 births
Living people
Chinese male badminton players
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Asian Games bronze medalists for China
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Badminton players at the 1982 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
World Games medalists in badminton
World Games gold medalists
Competitors at the 1981 World Games
Badminton players from Liaoning
21st-century Chinese people
20th-century Chinese people


Buldoo (Scottish Gaelic:) in the far north of Scotland,  is a small hamlet 0.5 miles south of Dounreay in Thurso, Caithness, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

References

Populated places in Caithness


Thoksela is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2128 living in 651 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


In Japan! is a live album by Buck Owens and his Buckaroos, released in 1967.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Cub Koda called the album "Long one of the finer efforts in the Buck Owens album catalog and also one of the finest live country records of all time, In Japan! shines... Although his Live at Carnegie Hall album is considered by most fans as definitive, here's another one that shouldn't be dismissed for a second."

Track listing
All songs by Buck Owens unless otherwise noted.
 "Opening Remarks by Tetsuo Otsuka"
 "Adios, Farewell, Goodbye, Good Luck, So Long"
 "I Was Born to Be in Love With You"
 "Open Up Your Heart"
 "Second Fiddle"
 "Fiddle Polka" (Don Rich)
 "Fishin' on the Mississippi" (Bob Morris)
 "Way That I Love You"
 "Tokyo Polka" (Owens, Willie Cantu)
 "Where Does the Good Times Go"
 "Steel Guitar Polka" (Tom Brumley, Owens)
 "Don't Wipe the Tears That You Cry for Him on My Good White Shirt" (Morris)
 "Drum So-Low" (Cantu)
 "Roll Out the Red Carpet"
 "We Were Made for Each Other"

Charts

Personnel
Buck Owens – vocals, guitar
Don Rich – guitar, fiddle, vocals
Tom Brumley – pedal steel guitar
Wayne Wilson – bass, vocals
Willie Cantu – drums

References

External links
Reissue review at No Depression magazine.

Buck Owens albums
1967 live albums
Capitol Records live albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)


Thulachhap is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3399 living in 651 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


The Allom Cup regatta is a rowing event held every November (or early December) on the River Thames in London. It is contested by the constituent colleges of the University of London. Imperial College School of Medicine still competes despite Imperial College London separating from the University of London in 2007.

The Allom Cup itself is competed for by senior men's eights. Senior women's eights compete for the Anne Redgrave Cup. There are also intermediate and novice events.

Recent Winners

See also
University rowing (UK)

References

Regattas on the River Thames
Student sport rivalries in the United Kingdom
Student sport in London


Ubu, Nepal is a Village Development Committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Province No. 1 of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3075 residing in 604 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Ad rotation is the practice of showing multiple advertisements in a single location on a web page. Ads may be rotated with each new page load, within a single page load, or both. Because the ads are placed in the same location, they are typically the same format.

Goals
Goals of ad rotation include:
 Allow publishing sites to serve ads for multiple advertisers.
 Keep advertising "fresh". If the ad never changes, users are more likely to ignore it.
 For content-rich sites, increase exposure to advertising by showing multiple ads per page load instead of just one.

Software
Ad rotation software, known as ad rotators, commonly provide features such as the following:
 image management
 display weighting to control the frequency and duration of individual ads
 reporting, allowing advertisers to see how often ads were displayed and clicked
 for service-based ad rotation, management features such as color selection, filtering competitor ads, channel selection (content, video, search, etc.) and payment management

Technical implementation

Technically, ad rotation can be accomplished in multiple ways. The three most common approaches are server-side, client-side and service-based.

With server-side ad rotation, the ad is selected on the server and the corresponding HTML markup is generated and then served.

Client-side ad rotation typically involves JavaScript of some sort (either straight client-side JavaScript or else AJAX calls to the server.

Service-based ad rotation is similar to client-side ad rotation in that it typically involves placing a small amount of JavaScript in the web page, but the JavaScript calls against a third-party service that provides its own management interface for specifying ad delivery options. Google's AdSense service is an example of service-based ad rotation.

Types of rotating ads
Ad rotation is most often used with digital display advertising. These ads are shown in a variety of web sizes with the most common being a medium rectangle (300px x 250px) and a leaderboard (728px x 90px). They can be static display ads, live banners, video ads or interactive ads.

Common problems
Ad rotation can enable publishers to inflate ad impressions by rotating many ads on top of one another so that only the top ad is viewable yet advertisers are charged for the non-viewable ads. As an example, the ad rotator can load a static placeholder banner visible to the user but then make ad calls for other non-viewable banners ads in the background. Ad calls are requests for the ad that result in impressions when the ad is loaded. This strategy is against the TOU for Google’s Adsense ad rotation program.

See also
 Web banner
 Ad serving
 Ad fraud
 Web Tracking

References

Online advertising
Online advertising methods
Digital marketing


Vadaure is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Province No. 1 of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2498 living in 451 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


The 2003 Monte Carlo Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 97th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 14 April through 20 April 2003.

The men's field was headlined by Juan Carlos Ferrero, Carlos Moyá and Andy Roddick. Other top seeds in the field were Albert Costa, Jiří Novák, David Nalbandian, Paradorn Srichaphan and Rainer Schüttler.

Rafael Nadal, then aged 16, made his tournament debut in this year, losing to Guillermo Coria in the Round of 16. This would be the last time in which he would be defeated at the event until 2013.

Finals

Singles

 Juan Carlos Ferrero defeated  Guillermo Coria 6–2, 6–2
 It was Ferrero's 1st title of the year and the 8th of his career. It was his 1st Masters title of the year and his 8th overall. It was also his 2nd consecutive win at the event.

Doubles

 Mahesh Bhupathi /  Max Mirnyi defeated  Michaël Llodra /  Fabrice Santoro 6–4, 3–6, 7–6 (8–6)
 It was Bhupathi's 2nd title of the year and the 28th of his career. It was Mirnyi's 4th title of the year and the 17th of his career.

References

External links

 ATP tournament profile
 ITF tournament edition details

Monte Carlo Masters
Monte Carlo Masters
Monte-Carlo Masters
Monte
Monte Carlo Masters


Yasam, Nepal is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Province No. 1 of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1661 living in 330 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Tangiers was a Canadian indie rock band founded in 2003 and based in Toronto, Ontario.

History

In 2003, Tangiers included drummer Marco Moniz, Josh Reichmann (vocals/guitars) and, fresh from The Deadly Snakes, James Sayce (vocals/bass) and guitarist Yuri Didrichsons.

In March 2003, the released their debut album Hot New Spirit, with the songs "Keep the Living Bodies Warm", "Return to the Ship", and "Ca Va Cool" pushing it to the top of the campus and community radio charts. In 2009, Maclean's magazine named Hot New Spirit one of the top-ten Canadian albums of the decade.

Despite radio success, widespread critical praise, and a reputation for being a high-energy party band, Tangier failed to capture live-audience attention, with a Spin Magazine reporter citing "booze-fueled performances" as a possible cause. In 2003, Moniz and Didrichsons left the band, due to personal conflicts. They were replaced by ex-Guided by Voices drummer Jon McCann and keyboardist Shelton Deverell.

In June 2004, the band released their second album, Never Bring You Pleasure. They toured Canada, and played a few shows in the US.

Tangiers' third album, The Family Myth was released in 2005, on Frenchkiss Records. It too received rave reviews, but the band broke up soon afterward. Sayce and McCann left Tangiers and moved to Holland, where they formed the band, Bishop Morocco. Reichmann formed the Josh Reichmann Oracle Band. Moniz moved to the band Bad Breed.

In 2013, Tangiers reunited to perform at Toronto's North by Northeast festival.

Discography
Hot New Spirits (2003, Sonic Unyon Records)
Never Bring You Pleasure (2004, Sonic Unyon Records)
The Family Myth (2005, Frenchkiss Records)

References

External links
Tangiers' label
Tangiers Biography at Frenchkiss Records

Musical groups with year of establishment missing
Musical groups from Toronto
Canadian indie rock groups
Frenchkiss Records artists
Sonic Unyon artists


Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalate used as a plasticizer. DINP is typically a mixture of chemical compounds consisting of various isononyl esters of phthalic acid, and is commonly used in a large variety of plastic items.

Health Issues

The European Union has set a maximum specific migration limit (SML) from food contact materials of 9 mg/kg food for the sum of diisononyl phthalates and diisodecyl phthalates.

DINP is listed as a substance "known to the State of California to cause cancer" under Proposition 65 legislation.

Studies find that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of DINP in zebrafish disrupt the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and affect reproduction in a gender specific manner, and have other adverse effects on aquatic organisms, as DINP upregulates orexigenic signals and causes hepatosteatosis together with deregulation of the peripheral ECS and lipid metabolism.

ECHA's Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) has concluded, on March 7, 2018, that Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) does not warrant classification for reprotoxic effects under the EU's Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation

See also
 Diisoheptyl phthalate
Plastic pollution

References

Phthalate esters
Plasticizers


The Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) is the United States' first green building rating program especially designed for K-12 schools. CHPS provides information and resources to schools in order to facilitate the construction and operation of high performance institutions. A high performance school is energy and resource efficient as well as healthy, comfortable, well lit, and containing the amenities for a quality education.

History and organization
CHPS was created as the result of a meeting in November 1999, when the California Energy Commission called together Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Sempra Energy, and Southern California Edison to discuss how to improve the energy performance of California’s schools. CHPS addresses not only energy efficiency, but additional considerations that foster healthy and environmentally responsible school buildings. The CHPS criteria, published in 2002, established the nation’s first building rating program specifically intended to assist schools in designing sound, environmentally responsible learning spaces.

Now, CHPS is a national membership organization with two high performance building rating and recognition programs: CHPS Designed and CHPS Verified. Schools can self-certify their building through the CHPS Designed program, or seek third-party verification of their high performance school through the CHPS Verified program. Both programs utilize the CHPS guidelines provided in the Best Practices Manual, a six volume technical manual detailing the process of building and maintaining a high performance school. In addition, CHPS offers training, conferences, and other tools for designing healthy, green schools. The CHPS Low-Emitting Materials table contains products that have been certified to meet the CHPS Low-Emitting Materials criteria, Section 01350, for use in a typical classroom as described in a California Department of Health Services (CDHS) Standard Practice. The CHPS Low-Emitting Materials table is referenced in the California Green Building Code  and in the Minnesota Sustainable Building Guidelines.

CHPS membership is composed of over 225 member organizations including government agencies, utility companies, school districts, non-profit organizations and private companies. While the program started in California, it has now expanded to other states, including New York, Washington, Maryland, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, and Connecticut. Soon, Texas and Colorado will also adopt CHPS standards. CHPS School Districts include Los Angeles Unified School District, Burbank Unified School District, Coast Community College District, Dry Creek Joint Elementary School District, San Diego Unified School District, San Francisco Unified School District, San Marcos Unified School District, San Rafael City Schools, Visalia Unified School District, Natomas Unified School District, New Haven Unified School District, Ukiah Unified School District, Cajon Valley Union School District, Poway Unified School District, Palo Alto Unified School District, Oakland Unified School District, Roseland School District, Menlo Park City School District, Santa Ana Unified School District, West Contra Costa Unified School District, Santa Monica Malibu Unified School District, Long Beach Unified School District, Capistrano Unified School District, and Windsor Unified School District. The CHPS Board of Directors and Technical Committee consist of national representatives from a range of sectors involved in school design, construction and operation.

High performance schools

High performance schools are healthy, comfortable, energy efficient, resource efficient, water efficient, safe, secure, adaptable, and easy to operate and maintain. These qualities help school districts assist students to achieve higher test scores, retain quality teachers and staff, reduce operating cost, increase average daily attendance, and reduce liability, while at the same time being friendly to the environment. High performance design can have a positive effect on health and comfort, and design strategies such as daylighting have been shown to enhance student learning. Good indoor air quality is essential for teacher and student health. Good design also produces more comfortable environments with proper lighting, air temperature, humidity, and noise levels. These factors reduce distractions and create environments where students and teachers can see clearly, hear accurately, and not feel too warm or too cold.

High performance design is also cost effective because it creates environments that are energy and resource efficient. These increased efficiencies save money on utility bills and are so valuable that some organizations will provide building owners with funds to have them included in the design. Furthermore, healthier environments can bring money into the school by lowering absenteeism and increasing funding based on average daily attendance. These financial, health, and productivity benefits are the result of integrated design: understanding how building elements affect one another to optimize the performance of the entire school.

On June 4, 2008, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the "21st Century Green High-Performing Public School Facilities Act," that commits over $20 billion of funding over the next five years to high performance schools. CHPS is recognized as one of the standards that projects would need to meet in order to qualify for the H.R. 3021 legislation funding. H.R. 3021 was referred to the Senate on August 1, 2008.

CHPS Best Practices Manual
The CHPS Best Practices Manual is a six-volume technical guide for high performance schools. The manual covers planning, design, high performance benchmarks, maintenance and operations, commissioning and relocatable classrooms in high performance schools. There are versions of the Criteria Volume available for all participating states. There are versions of the Planning Volume available for California and Massachusetts. The manual was developed through a consensus process with the assistance of school officials, state agencies, industry representatives and design professionals. CHPS periodically updates each volume of the manual.

See also
Education in the United States
Environment of the United States
Environmental groups and resources serving K–12 schools

References

External links
 The Collaborative for High Performance Schools website

Schools programs
Sustainable building in the United States


Kunjo  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 711 people living in 174 individual households. The split per gender was approximately 52,6% male population and 47,4% female population.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Cockroach Cooties is a children's novel by Laurence Yep.

Plot summary
Two brothers, Teddy and Bobby, try to defend themselves from a school bully named Arnie. The brothers discover that the bully is afraid of cockroaches. Bobby finds a cockroach and names it Hercules. Bobby uses cookies with strange ingredients to trick Arnie into a peace treaty. With the help of Hercules, the boys figure out what is happening to the bully.

Reception
It was a William Allen book nominee. It won the Iowa Children's Choice Award, the Texas Bluebonnet Award, the Kentucky Book Award, and the Laura Ingalls Book Award. A Publishers Weekly review says, "An altogether chipper outing". Rebecca McCartney, of Burlington Public Library, reviewed the book saying, "I liked this book because it was full of creepy crawly things, and told with humor and warmth".

References

American children's novels
2000 American novels
Novels by Laurence Yep
Novels set in elementary and primary schools
Novels about bullying
Fictional cockroaches
2000 children's books
Children's books set in schools
Children's books about bullying


The 2002 Monte Carlo Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 96th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 15 April through 21 April 2002.

The men's field was headlined by world No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero and Yevgeny Kafelnikov. Other top seeds were Tim Henman, Tommy Haas, Marat Safin, Sébastien Grosjean and Thomas Johansson.

Finals

Singles

 Juan Carlos Ferrero defeated  Carlos Moyá 7–5, 6–3, 6–4
 It was Ferrero's 1st title of the year and the 6th of his career. It was his 1st Masters title of the year and his 2nd overall.

Doubles

 Jonas Björkman /  Todd Woodbridge defeated  Paul Haarhuis /  Yevgeny Kafelnikov 6–3, 3–6, [10–7]
 It was Björkman's 2nd title of the year and the 31st of his career. It was Woodbridge's 2nd title of the year and the 74th of his career.

References

External links

 ATP tournament profile
 ITF tournament edition details

Monte Carlo Masters
Monte Carlo Masters
Monte-Carlo Masters
Monte
Monte Carlo Masters


Lete  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 914 people living in 189 individual households. It is a scenic village surrounded by Dhawalagiri, Annapurna and Nilgiri. This village is governed by chairman the, Ama-Samuha, and other members.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Marpha  is a village in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1630 people living in 434 individual households.

The village is a part of the trekking industry, and has a nearby Tibetan refugee camp. Tibetans from the camp work in the village, supporting the tourist and trekking service sector. It is in a scenic location and apples are an important crop for the area.

Formerly, Marpha was a village development committee (VDC), which were local-level administrative units. In 2017, the government of Nepal restructured local government in line with the 2015 constitution and VDCs were discontinued.

Sights
Marpha is a pretty stone lined village which has survived the transition to the current time, by catering to trekkers and tourists. The village is a common overnight halt on the Annapurna Circuit, less crowded and touristy than Jomsom to the north.

The name itself reflects the "mar" meaning hard working and "pha" meaning people. Tourism and mule rearing are the means of survival of the people of this place. Although it has an original Safe Water Drinking station, it now also sports numerous guest houses and small hotels.

The village is the apple capital in the nation, with Marpha brandy and jams produced from local fruits.

Dominating the village is the Nyingma monastery from which there are good views of the village and the Gandaki River valley. Above the monastery is a chorten painted onto the cliff face and a number of small stone chortens on the ledges below. Legend says that the villagers became afflicted with leprosy and all attempts to control it had failed. A local monk, originally from Tukuche, south of Marpha, advised the villagers to build the chorten and hold religious rituals at the site. Since that time the leprosy stopped and Marpha flourished once more.

On the southern outskirts of Marpha, on the opposite bank of the Gandaki River is a Tibetan refugee camp and Chhairo gompa, the first Nyingma monastery to be established in Mustang District.

Many of the souvenir shops in Marpha are run by residents of the Tibetan refugee camp.

Climate
Marpha has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) with cold, dry winters and mild, slightly wet summers.

Gallery

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District

http://www.marphamonastery.com Website of Marpha Monastery


Surkhang  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 651 people living in 130 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Tukuche, sometimes spelt Tukche,  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 652 people living in 166 individual households.

The village is located in the Kali Gandaki Gorge.  It is a center of the Thakali people. These residing Thakali people brand the Thakali tradition, especially Thakali food items (Thakali Khana Set and Thakali Khaja Set), which is more trivial all around Nepal. Besides food, other attractions lie in the white plastered, wooden houses, dusty and dry land, and also the unique culture and lifestyle of people.

Sights
There are a number of sights of interest in Tukuche:
 Qpar Gompa
 Rani Gompa
 Sambha Gompa
 Tukuche Distillery
 Thakali Cultural Museum
 Thak library

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Balnabruich () is a small hamlet on the east coast of Scotland, close to Dunbeath, Caithness,  Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

References

Populated places in Caithness


"Ifuleave" is the second single from Musiq Soulchild's fifth studio album, OnMyRadio, his second full-length release on Atlantic Records. The song features R&B singer Mary J. Blige.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 singles
Musiq Soulchild songs
Mary J. Blige songs
2008 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Songs written by Ivan Barias
Songs written by Carvin Haggins
Songs written by Miguel (singer)
Songs written by Musiq Soulchild
Song recordings produced by Carvin & Ivan


Pomonok Country Club was a country club in the northeastern United States, located in what is now the Pomonok neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens.  The golf course was located between Kissena Boulevard and 164th Street, just to the south of Horace Harding Boulevard (now the Long Island Expressway) and to the east of Queens College.

The club was established in 1886 by members of the Flushing Athletic Club in southern Flushing and moved to the Kissena Boulevard location in 1921. Devereux Emmet designed the golf course; the members disbanded and sold the course  Part of the site today contains the Electchester cooperative housing development, Pomonok public housing, and an extension of Parsons Boulevard.

The golf course hosted the PGA Championship in 1939, in which Henry Picard defeated Byron Nelson in the final in   The match play event was held in July during the New York World's Fair, which was located at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, approximately  northwest.

The former course of Fresh Meadow Country Club was a few miles east (); it hosted the PGA Championship in 1930 and the U.S. Open in 1932.  That course was sold in 1946 for development and the club moved to Lake Success,  northeast.

References

Golf clubs and courses in New York (state)
Sports venues in Queens, New York
Golf clubs and courses designed by Devereux Emmet
Defunct sports clubs and teams in the United States
1886 establishments in New York (state)
1949 disestablishments in New York (state)


The 2001 Monte Carlo Masters was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 95th edition of the Monte Carlo Masters and was part of the Tennis Masters Series of the 2001 ATP Tour. It took place at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in France from 16 April through 22 April 2001.

The men's field was headlined by world No. 1 Marat Safin, Gustavo Kuerten and Magnus Norman. Other top seeds were Yevgeny Kafelnikov, Àlex Corretja, Arnaud Clément, Juan Carlos Ferrero and Tim Henman.

Finals

Singles

 Gustavo Kuerten defeated  Hicham Arazi 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
 It was Kuerten's 4th title of the year and the 21st of his career. It was his 1st Masters title of the year and his 4th overall.

Doubles

 Jonas Björkman /  Todd Woodbridge defeated  Joshua Eagle /  Andrew Florent 3–6, 6–4, 6–2
 It was Björkman's 3rd title of the year and the 28th of his career. It was Woodbridge's 2nd title of the year and the 71st of his career.

References

External links

 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile

Monte Carlo Masters
Monte Carlo Masters
Monte-Carlo Masters
Monte
Monte Carlo Masters


Tennessee Pulleybone was a band formed in Cookeville, Tennessee. The original group featured "Big" Ken Smith (Bass), Jerry Tuttle (Instrumentalist), Biff Watson (Guitar), and John Wolters (Drums). Later members were Dave Gillon (Guitar), Tom Hamilton (Steel Guitar,Dobro,Banjo), and Thomas "Bones" Kaelin (Drums). Their recording of "The Door Is Always Open" on JMI Records (Jack Clement International) hit the Billboard Country chart on September 8, 1973 and peaked at 75. Other singles on JMI Records were "I Ain't In A Long, Long Time", and "Clean Your Own Tables". After JMI Records closed, the band went on to sign with RCA Records and began touring with Willie Nelson, Bobby Bare, Freddy Fender, Gary Stewart and numerous others. Still today they are often referred to as the first country band to sign to a major label. Some of their songs were written by Dave Gillon who also wrote hits for other artists such as Roy Clark, and Kenny Rogers.

Watson, a keyboardist and guitarist, later became a backing musician for Don Williams.

An article in Hank Magazine stated
“What we’ve got here are four one time R&B and Top Forty pickers who have found a home with a style that’s unusual for the Nashville area. It’s country, R&B, bluegrass rock with Beachboys overtones. Some of the most interesting stuff they do is electric bluegrass tunes like Bill Monroe’s Uncle Pen, even with Tom Hamilton playing five string banjo, it still sounds like a dance record from Soul Train. What the Pulleybone does is hard to explain but it’s easy to enjoy.”

Tennessee Pulleybone lasted from 1973 to 1979. After disbanding, Wolters joined Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show.

References

Country music groups from Tennessee
RCA Records Nashville artists
Musical groups established in 1970
Musical groups disestablished in 1979


Hershey Country Club is a country club located in Hershey, Pennsylvania, which was founded in 1930 by Milton S. Hershey.

The golf course in the club hosted the PGA Championship in 1940, which Byron Nelson defeated Sam Snead on the par 3 12th hole in a playoff and won and the Hershey Open from 1933 to 1941. The club has two 18 hole golf courses; the 6,860-yard, par 73 West Course which was designed by Maurice McCarthy circa 1930, and the 7,061-yard, par-71 East Course which was designed by George Fazio in 1969. The PGA Championship was contested on the West Course and the LPGA Lady Keystone Open was held on the course for almost 20 years. The club also hosted a Nationwide Tour event for eight years and the Pennsylvania Open Championship 15 times.

Head golf pros at the club have included Hall of Famers Henry Picard (1934–41) and Ben Hogan (1941-51).

Professional Staff
The Hershey Country Club is under the management of Hershey Entertainment and Resorts. The General Manager is Jon Gehman. The professional staff includes Head Professionals Sara Muldoon and Robert Kreider, along with PGA Members Steve Bostdorf and Jeff Batchelor. In 2019 Muldoon and her staff were awarded the PGA National Merchandiser of the Year Award for the Resort Golf Category. They received their award at the PGA Show in Orlando, Florida, in January 2020.

Tournaments hosted
Hershey Open (PGA Tour) – 1933–39, 1941
PGA Championship – 1940
Lady Keystone Open (LPGA Tour) – 1978-94
Hershey Open/The Reese's Cup Classic (Nationwide Tour) – 1997-2004
Pennsylvania Open Championship – 1935, 1953–62, 1964–66, 1971-72
Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference championship
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III - 2010
PGA Professional National Championship - 2011

References

External links
Official site

Buildings and structures in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Golf clubs and courses in Pennsylvania
Hershey Entertainment and Resorts Company
1930 establishments in Pennsylvania


Victoria Road Prison is a former prison that was located on Victoria Road in Douglas, capital of the Isle of Man. Victoria Road Prison was the first purpose-built prison to be constructed on the Isle of Man, and held prisoners from April 1891 to August 2008.

History
From 1780 prisoners from the Isle of Man (including debtors) mainly served their sentence at Castle Rushen, but within a century problems were apparent with this arrangement. Prisoners would grow unruly, as they could not be separated, and the conditions in which they were kept were unfit. When the Chairman of the Commissioners for Prisons in England and Wales inspected the premises for the first time in 1885, he indicated a need for a prison to house 30 prisoners. His recommendation was not universally popular in Tynwald, as some did not want to spend the money, but nevertheless Manx architect James Cowle was employed to design a new prison, which was subsequently constructed at Victoria Road in Douglas. The entire prison population of the Isle of Man was transferred to the new Victoria Road Gaol in April 1891.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Victoria Road Prison received a glowing report from Major Darnell, the HM Inspector of Prisons:
The present accommodation consists of 21 cells in the male and eight cells in the female prison. The cells are light and airy, and well ventilated and compare quite favourably with those in the best English prisons — boarded floors, clear glass in the windows and external gas boxes. They were uniformly clean and well kept.

As the population of both Island and prison grew, the prison was expanded, with the addition of two new wings in 1989. One of these, C wing, was assigned to young prisoners between the ages of 17 and 21, with a maximum accommodation of 37 prisoners spread between 19 single cells and 2 dormitories. Later, the dormitories were altered to serve as a dining room and exercise room, and the single rooms reassigned to adults. The other wing, D, was designed to hold 15 female prisoners in 5 single cells and 2 dormitories, though the maximum number of places permitted was then reduced to 11.

In spite of the expansion, criticism mounted over overcrowding and human rights issues until in July 2005, Tynwald backed the construction of a new, larger secure facility at Jurby that would be better outfitted to rehabilitate prisoners. The new Isle of Man Prison was opened in August 2008 when all inmates from Victoria Road were transferred to the new prison. A month later, the Home affairs Minister Adrian Earnshaw MHK signed the paperwork which revoked the Custody Act 1995, which designated the building as a gaol, bringing Victoria Roads' active use as a prison to a close after period of 117 years.

Immediately after the decommissioning of Victoria Road Prison, the building was opened up for public tours during September and October 2008. Former acting prison governor Tony Hawkes who retired in June 2008 after 34 years' service lead the tours of the prison which included a visit to various wings and cells, as well as the search room and segregation unit. The tours were extremely popular, with places being fully booked within just hours of being advertised.  Public interest in the old prison led to calls to open up the Victoria Road site as a permanent visitor attraction over the summer months.

In May 2010, the exercise yard of the former prison was used for an 'Urban Street Sport' event. The event included football skills competitions and demonstrations of free running. In June 2010, it was announced that artefacts from the former gaol sold in a public auction had raised  £8,800. A month later, the former prison was used as a set location for the British horror film Slasher House.

In October 2010, the Department of Home Affairs applied for planning permission to demolish Victoria Road Prison. The department cited a survey which indicated that parts of the gatehouse and cell blocks of the former prison had deteriorated so that public access could not be allowed. However, in January 2011 it emerged that the Isle of Man Government was considering listing the former gaol on a register of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest", meaning that it would be saved from demolition.

In January 2012, Tim Crookall MHK suggested that there were concerns that listing some of the buildings of the former prison could prevent the site from being redeveloped for other uses. In November 2012, the Department of Home Affairs confirmed that demolition works had started at the former prison site, with completion planned for March 2013. The buildings have now been demolished, and in October 2014 the Isle of Man Government published plans for the redevelopment of the site, with sheltered accommodation, affordable housing and a church amongst ideas for the site.

References

External links
 Isle of Man Prison Service history pages

Government buildings completed in 1891
Defunct prisons in the Isle of Man
Douglas, Isle of Man


The Looting of Battleford began at the end of March, 1885, during the North-West Rebellion, in the town of Battleford, Saskatchewan, then a part of the Northwest Territories.

Within days of the Métis victory at the Battle of Duck Lake on March 26, 1885. Cree bands sympathetic to the Métis cause and with grievances of their own began raiding stores and farms in the western part of the District of Saskatchewan for arms, ammunition and food supplies while civilians fled to the larger settlements and forts of the North-West Territories.

Prominent leaders of this uprising were Chief Poundmaker and Chief Big Bear. Poundmaker and his band had a reserve near present-day Cut Knife about 50 km (31 miles) west of Fort Battleford. Big Bear and his band had settled near Frog Lake about 55 km (34 miles) northwest of Fort Pitt but had not yet selected a reserve site. Both bands were signatories of Treaty 6 and were unhappy in the way it was implemented by the Canadian government. The loss of the buffalo and the inadequate rations provided by the Indian agents kept the bands in a continual state of near-starvation.

Geography
The District of Saskatchewan in 1885 was divided into three sub-districts and had a population of 10,595. To the east the Carrot River sub-district with 1,770 people remained quiet. The Prince Albert sub-district located in the centre of the district had a population of 5,373 which included the Southbranch settlements with about 1,300. The Southbranch settlements was the centre of Louis Riel's Provisional Government during the Rebellion. To the west where the Cree uprising led by Poundmaker and Big Bear occurred was the Battleford sub-district with 3,603 people.

The largest settlement and the capital of the district was Prince Albert with about 800 people followed by Battleford with about 500 people "divided about equally between French, Métis and English".

Battleford is located on the Battle River near the North Saskatchewan River. On the south side of the Battle River was the Old Town and on the north side nearest the North Saskatchewan River was the New Town and Fort Battleford.

The city of North Battleford was founded later in 1905 when the construction of the Canadian Northern Railway main line to Edmonton placed the line on the north side of the North Saskatchewan River.

Siege of Battleford

On March 28, as news that several Indian bands including Poundmaker's were on their way to Battleford settlers began moving into the nearby North-West Mounted Police post, Fort Battleford which was under the command of Colonel Morris and 25 police. Over the next several days 500 civilians would take refuge within the palisades. Many crossed over an unstable ice bridge on the Battle River leaving most of their possessions behind in the Old Town. During the night of March 29 nearby homesteads were raided their horses and cattle rounded up by the bands.

Also on the trail to join Poundmaker in Battleford were the Assiniboine from the Eagle Hills approximately 30 km south of Battleford. On March 29, they killed their farm instructor John Payne and raided homesteads, on the way killing a farmer by the name of Fremont.

On March 30, Poundmaker asked for a meeting with the Indian agent J. M. Rae. After Rae refused to meet with him, the combined Battleford bands took food and supplies from the abandoned stores and houses. The next day, the bands camped a few miles away bringing with them their looted provisions including cattle and horses then eventually returned to Poundmaker's reserve.

The New Town was protected by its proximity to the Fort and its cannon, but the Old Town was not. Every day until the arrival of Colonel Otter's column on April 24, the occupants of the Fort watched as the Old Town, about a mile away, was plundered. Stolen vehicles and horses carried away the supplies of the Hudson's Bay Company and the other merchants. All the public buildings were sacked, including the Battleford Industrial School (located in the Old Government House). Most homes were burned, including the imposing home of Judge Charles Rouleau. Just half a dozen were left standing.

Aftermath

On May 2, Colonel Otter's column advanced to Poundmaker's camp and were attacked. The Loyalist forces returned back to the fort after realising they had nothing to accomplish by staying on the field of Battle. Cut Knife Creek .

On May 14, at Eagle Hills a Battleford band captured a wagon train carrying supplies for Colonel Otter's column.

After the defeat of the Métis force at the Battle of Batoche and the surrender of Louis Riel to Middleton on May 15  Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker) surrendered to General Middleton at Fort Battleford on May 26. It is estimated that 3 loyalists and around 7+ natives were killed in action as a result of the Siege of Battleford.
Map of Battle Sites
Chronology of Events (The Northwest Resistance)

Historiographical interpretation
The nature of the Cree advance on Battleford, like the entire 1885 Rebellion, is a source of historiographical controversy. Historian Douglas Hill characterized the Cree group as a "war party ... ready to take revenge for a winter of incalculable suffering" who "swooped on Battleford, killing six whites". George F. G. Stanley's writing on the subject indicated that the Cree were not murderous but more haphazard and bumbling: they "[did] not appear to have in mind an attack upon the town" but were content with "prowling around the neighbourhood".  While John L. Tobias says that the Crees tried to demonstrate their "peaceful intent" by including women and children in their group, simply took food to sustain themselves after finding the town abandoned, and then withdrew to avoid conflict with the police.

References

 Hill, Douglas, The Opening of the Canadian West.  Don Mills, ON: Academic Press 1967.
 Stanley, George F. G., Louis Riel: Patriot or Rebel.  CHA Booklet #2, 1964.
 Tobias, John L., "Canada's Subjugation of the Plains Cree", Canadian Historical Review, LXIV (December 1983): 519–548.

North-West Rebellion
Military history of Saskatchewan
1885 in Canada
North-West Mounted Police
Looting
Cree
First Nations history in Saskatchewan
March 1885 events


Paal-Helge Haugen (born 26 April 1945) is a Norwegian poet, novelist, dramatist and children's writer who has published over 30 books. His titles have been translated into at least 20 languages. His 1968 "punktroman" or "pointillist novel," Anne, was the first in its genre and was soon considered a modern classic. In 2019, Hanging Loose Press published the first English translation of  Anne], after Julia Johanne Tolo's translation of the book won the sixth annual Loose Translations Prize, jointly sponsored by Hanging Loose Press and the graduate writing program of Queens College, City University of New York.

Career
Haugen was born in Valle, Setesdal, and studied medicine at the University of Oslo. During the period 1965-67, Haugen was a member of the editorial team of literary magazine Profile. He made his literary debut with Blad frå ein austleg hage in 1965, a translation of Japanese haiku. It was shortly followed by På botnen av ein mørk sommar  in 1967, an adaptations of Chinese poems and his first collection of original poetry. Studies in film and literature took him to the United States in 1971.  From 1973-1978 he taught creative writing in Norway. Since then Haugen has worked as a freelance writer.

Haugen has published eighteen volumes of poetry, including two volumes of selected poems and one of collected poems since 1967. His works have been translated into a 20th-century language. He has collaborated with numerous artists (Kjell Nupen, Grete Nash, Olaf Chr. Jensen, Jens Johannesen, Jan Groth, and others) and both Norwegian and international composers (Iannis Xenakis, Atli Heimir Sveinsson, Kjell Habbestad, Bjørn Kruse, Arne Nordheim, Lillebjørn Nilsen and others). He has been chairman of the Norwegian National Film Selection (1980–85), chairman of the Norwegian Authors Association Literary Council and deputy chairman of the Norwegian Playwrights' Association.

Det overvintra lyset, first published in 1985, won both the Gyldendal's Endowment and the Nynorsk Literature Prize for the year’s best book written in Nynorsk. He received the Dobloug Prize in 1987, and was awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature in 1990. He received the Brage Prize in 1994 for Sone 0. Haugen was nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1991 for Meditasjonar over Georges de La Tour.

In January 2009 King Harald V of Norway made Haugen a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, awarding him for his work for Norwegian literature and culture.

Awards
Gyldendal's Endowment 1985
Nynorsk Literature Prize 1985
Dobloug Prize 1987
Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature 1990
Cappelen Prize 1991
Brage Prize 1992
Aschehoug Prize 2008
Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav 2009

References

1945 births
Living people
People from Valle, Norway
Nynorsk-language writers
Norwegian children's writers
Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature winners
20th-century Norwegian poets
Norwegian male poets
20th-century Norwegian novelists
21st-century Norwegian novelists
University of Oslo alumni
Dobloug Prize winners
Norwegian male novelists
20th-century Norwegian male writers
21st-century Norwegian male writers


Bhorle may refer to:

Bhorle, Bagmati, Nepal
Bhorle, Dhawalagiri, Nepal


Manito Golf and Country Club is a country club in the northwest United States, located in Spokane, Washington. The club was founded in 1917 at Hart Field by a small group of dedicated golf enthusiasts and moved to its current location in the Comstock neighborhood in 1922. It was known as Manito Golf Club until 1935.

Its golf course hosted the PGA Championship in 1944, then match play, in which Bob Hamilton upset favored Byron Nelson in  The course was designed by A.V. Macan, and was set at  in late 1921. The back tees are now at  at par 71, with a course rating of 70.8 and a slope rating of 134.

The elevation at the clubhouse is approximately  above sea level.

References

External links

Sports venues in Spokane, Washington
Golf clubs and courses in Washington (state)
1917 establishments in Washington (state)
Golf clubs and courses designed by A. V. Macan


Thomas O'Shea may refer to:
 Thomas E. O'Shea (1895–1918), United States Army corporal and Medal of Honor recipient
 Thomas O'Shea (bishop) (1870–1954), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Wellington
Thomas H. O'Shea (1898–1962), Irish revolutionary


Durlung may refer to:

Durlung, Bagmati
Durlung, Dhawalagiri