"Perfect World" is a song performed by Huey Lewis and the News and released as the first single from the album Small World in late June 1988. The single peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and #48 on the UK Singles Chart.

History
The song was written by Alex Call, a former bandmate of Lewis and Sean Hopper from the band, Clover. Call had previously co-written the hit song "867-5309/Jenny" for Tommy Tutone. Huey Lewis gave the song a reggae flavor. The song is an optimistic commentary on a human being's hopes and dreams, as well as our private thoughts. The song tells the person to "keep on dreaming," because there will never be a perfect world. The song admits that life isn't perfect, but tells the listener to use the power of positive dreaming to cope with the reality. The B-side to the single was an instrumental album track, "Slammin'".

Music video
The music video features the band playing on a stage in a garbage dump field, with various pieces of garbage flying in the air, hitting various members of the band. Throughout the video, Huey Lewis dances and strolls through a pathway as work is done by garbage trucks behind him. At the end of the video, the band is seen posing by more garbage. The video received heavy rotation on MTV and peaked at #3 on the channel's Top 20 Video Countdown. Lewis has said that the video is one of his favorites that he's done, and considered it one of the more "relaxed" videos the band ever filmed "The early [videos] were fun, but we had so much to do with limited budget that we had to work to exhaustion". Lewis felt the video was a "creative idea" and he enjoyed that it all took place in one location and was "fairly easy" to do.

Reception
Reception for the song was mostly positive. Lynn Van Matre of the Chicago Tribune said that the song was "Wry," and it seemed "destined" to be another top ten single from the band. According to Martin Moynihan of the Albany Times Union, the song was "a pop music mix of Lewis' usual musical optimism tempered with an element of reserve" Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic said of the song, "None of the musical diversions work as well as the bouncy Top Ten hit 'Perfect World.'" Erlewine also believed that the song ranked "with the group's best material." Jerry Spangler of Deseret News said that the song was a "captivating rocker." New York Times reviewer Stephen Holden considers the song a "companion piece" to the first song off of the Small World album, "Small World, Part One".

Chart performance
"Perfect World" was the first single released from the album Small World. Originally to be released in mid-June, the single's release was held off until later in the month. It was the 12th and last top 10 hit for the band, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100.

Year-end charts

References

1988 singles
1988 songs
Huey Lewis and the News songs
Songs written by Alex Call
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Chrysalis Records singles


Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown, formerly known as Baptist Hospital, is a non-profit community hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, United States and the largest such hospital in Middle Tennessee. It is licensed for 683 acute and rehab care beds.

Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown is operated by Ascension Health, which also operates Ascension Saint Thomas River Park Hospital in McMinnville, Saint Thomas - Rutherford Hospital in Murfreesboro, Saint Thomas Hickman Hospital in Centerville, Saint Thomas River Park Hospital in McMinnville, Saint Thomas Dekalb Hospital in Smithville, Saint Thomas Stones River Hospital in Woodbury, and Saint Thomas Highlands Hospital in Sparta.

History

In 1918, an influenza epidemic ravaged Nashville and during this crisis Baptist Hospital was established. Originally known as Protestant Hospital, it was incorporated on December 12, 1918, by L. A Bowers, Leslie Creek, E. B. Craig, R. M. Dudley and John A. Pitts.

The 10-and-a-half-acre plot, bought from the Murphy estate, consisted of two adjoining city blocks bounded by four city streets: Patterson Street on the north, Church Street on the south, 20th Avenue on the east, and 21st Avenue on the west. There were two buildings—one became the hospital, and one became the dormitory for the School of Nursing.

On March 20, 1919, Protestant Hospital opened. It was equipped with 80 beds and a surgical department. In the first year alone, 2,233 patients were treated; 1,685 of them had major surgery. Gladys Kilby was the first patient admitted and gave birth to a baby girl, Anita Kilby Lewis.

Debt grew quickly during the Great Depression and during World War II. As a result of the ongoing financial difficulties, the ownership of Protestant Hospital was transferred to the Tennessee Baptist Convention in 1948 and became Mid-State Baptist Hospital. The name would later change to Baptist Hospital on December 17, 1964. By 1973, Baptist Hospital, with its 600 beds, had become the largest hospital in Midsouth. It purchased five buildings from Saint Thomas Hospital’s vacated Church Street property in 1975. In 1986, Baptist Hospital and Saint Thomas Hospital partnered to purchase Middle Tennessee Medical Center in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.

In January 2002, Baptist Hospital joined Saint Thomas Health's regional health system and became a member of Ascension Health, a Catholic organization that is the largest non-profit health system in the United States. In 2013, its name was changed from Baptist Hospital to Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown.

Spiritual Care Initiative
A faith-based hospital, Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown encourages spiritual healing in addition to physical health. Hospital leaders developed "Creating a Healing Environment: Spiritual Care Initiative" in order to better integrate spirituality into the workplace. The concept takes a department-by-department approach to spiritual care.

Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown chaplains meet with a department manager to discuss the spiritual care initiative and select a committee of multidisciplinary staff members. Relying on input from colleagues, the team members develop ways spiritual care can enhance their department.

The hospital's neonatal intensive care unit has added a staff prayer to be said at shift change, a box where people can submit prayer requests, a prayer board in the break room, and an "inspiration station," a basket full of hand-outs on spiritual care, as well as greeting cards that associates can give to one another and others.

Ascension Saint Thomas Heart

A collaborative effort among its family of hospitals and other clinics and health care facilities throughout Middle Tennessee and Southern Kentucky, Saint Thomas Heart provides complete cardiac services from more than 20 locations.

In 2008, Saint Thomas Heart achieved a top ranking in Tennessee for Coronary Interventional Procedures according to HealthGrades. It received high ratings for various aspects of cardiac care, including heart failure treatment, atrial fibrillation care, coronary interventions, and coronary services. The institution also gained national recognition, ranking among the top performers for coronary interventions and cardiology services.

Also in 2008, Thomson/Reuters named Saint Thomas Heart to its list of top 100 cardiovascular community hospitals.

In 2010, the cardiologists and heart surgeons at St. Thomas West Hospital and Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital joined under the parent company Saint Thomas Heart. Both groups of physicians still practice separately at each hospital.

Chest Pain Network
The Saint Thomas Chest Pain Network is a division of Saint Thomas Health that coordinates with local emergency medical services (EMS) and hospitals to provide cardiac care services. The Chest Pain Network includes 15 hospitals in Tennessee and Kentucky, all accredited by the Society of Chest Pain Centers.

Neurosciences Institute
The Saint Thomas Health Neurosciences Institute is one of the most comprehensive centers in the Nashville area for brain, back, nervous system, and spine care. In 2008, the independent healthcare rating company HealthGrades awarded Saint Thomas a five-star rating for back and neck surgery.

Among the ailments and diseases treated through the Neurosciences Institute are stroke, brain tumors, ALS, sleep disorders, spine injuries, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, and Parkinson's disease.

The Saint Thomas Brain & Spine Tumor Center is a collaboration between the Neurosciences Institute and the Dan Rudy Cancer Center. Saint Thomas utilizes the Novalis Shaped Beam Surgery System, an advanced stereostatic radiotherapy treatment that precisely targets radiation to the shape of the tumor, minimizing damage to surrounding tissue. The Saint Thomas Health Services Neurosciences Institute is the exclusive healthcare center in Tennessee offering Novalis Shaped Beam Surgery.

Metabolic Surgery Center
The Metabolic Surgery Center at Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital provides a variety of weight loss procedures to assist in the treatment of morbid obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, arthritis, asthma, acid reflux, infertility and high cholesterol.

These bariatric procedures include the Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAP-BAND) System, Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, Open or Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Orthopedic Services
Saint Thomas Midtown is home to the Joint Replacement Center, which was rated among the top 10 in Tennessee by HealthGrades for Joint Replacement.

In addition to joint replacement, other orthopedic services include sports medicine (including sports physicals), rehabilitation, spine care and surgery, foot and ankle care, and hand, wrist and shoulder care.

Sports Medicine

A specialized extension of its orthopedic program, Baptist Sports Medicine combines several services under its umbrella, including general orthopedics, physical therapy, aquatic therapy, athletic medicine and occupational therapy. Baptist Sports Medicine is the exclusive health care provider to the Tennessee Titans, Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association and Lipscomb University.

In 2007, Baptist Sports Medicine managing director Trent Nessler headed a research team to evaluate screening tests and evaluate their predictive value for athletic injury when used as a pre-assessment tool.

Baptist Sports Medicine clinics can be found throughout Middle Tennessee, with locations in downtown Nashville, Antioch, Bellevue, Brentwood, Centerville, Green Hills, Murfreesboro, Pleasant View, Rivergate and Spring Hill, as well as at Lipscomb University.

Life Therapies

The Life Therapies offer specialized rehabilitation therapy services in a relaxed, non-hospital atmosphere. Recognizing that the recovery process can be emotionally challenging, Life Therapies services are provided in clinics designed to create a comfortable environment conducive to healing.

Life Therapies clinics offer services for a variety of stages in a patient's life, including treatment of lymphedema, and neurological, post-stroke, vestibular, pediatric, oncology and women's health issues. The staff consists of licensed physical, occupational and speech therapists.

Until January 2009, Life Therapies services were provided under the umbrella of Baptist Sports Medicine. It was determined that establishing the new Life Therapies service line would enable therapists and physicians to better address patients who do not require traditional sports medicine.

The six clinics are found throughout Middle Tennessee, including locations at Baptist Medical Plaza I in downtown Nashville, Green Hills, Maryland Farms YMCA in Brentwood, Spring Hill and two locations in Murfreesboro.

Center for Pelvic Health

The Center for Pelvic Health comprises a multidisciplinary team dedicated to diagnosing and treating pelvic health disorders, with a specific focus on chronic pain and incontinence. The center offers a range of distinctive treatment approaches, including non-surgical interventions (such as cystoscopy, urodynamics, colposcopy, and tibial nerve stimulation), pelvic floor physical therapy (which includes evaluations of posture and pelvic floor muscle function), as well as surgical treatment options (including diagnostic laparoscopy, awake pain mapping, urethral slings, and advanced robotic techniques).

The Center for Pelvic Health is a referral center and works with patients' primary care physicians for treatment.

Women's health
The hospitals within the Saint Thomas Health Services network collaborate to offer a wide range of women's health services, encompassing gynecology, breast health, pelvic health, and birthing services. Additionally, St. Thomas – Midtown Hospital houses a level III neonatal intensive care unit.

Cancer program
Saint Thomas Health Services provides treatment and prevention services for a number of forms of cancer, including brain, breast, cervical, colon, lung, ovarian, prostate, uterine and others.

As part of its treatment, the Saint Thomas Health Services Cancer Program partners with institutions, including Cleveland Clinic and Tennessee Oncology, to partake in community-based clinical trials in oncology and related therapies.

In December 2008, Baptist Hospital's cancer program was recognized by the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons as offering the best in cancer care. Baptist Hospital received Three-Year Approval with Commendation from the Commission on Cancer.

Critical care units
There are three main intensive care units at St Thomas Midtown Hospital. The Medical ICU, Neuro-Surgical ICU, and the CVICU.

The Medical Intensive Care Unit has 14 beds and treats a variety of critically ill patients. The Surgical Intensive Care Unit also has 14 beds and treats neurological and surgical patients. The CVICU is a new unit developed in 2012 that cares for post-Coronary Artery Bypass patients. A heart doctor from St. Thomas Heart is available in the hospital 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

In 2008, the Neuro ICU and the Surgical ICU combined their beds to form the current Neuro-Surgical ICU.

References

Further reading

Baptist Hospital, Nashville - Best Hospitals. U.S. News & World Report

External links

Hospital buildings completed in 1919
Hospitals established in 1918
Hospitals in Nashville, Tennessee
1918 establishments in Tennessee
Christian hospitals


William Levett, Esq., (sometimes spelled William Levet) was a long serving courtier to King Charles I of England. Levett accompanied the King during his flight from Parliamentary forces, including his escape from Hampton Court palace, and eventually to his imprisonment in Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, and finally to the scaffold on which he was executed. Following the King's death, Levett wrote a letter claiming that he had witnessed the King writing the so-called Eikon Basilike during his imprisonment, an allegation that produced a flurry of new claims about the disputed manuscript and flamed a growing movement to rehabilitate the image of the executed monarch.

Life
The brother of Rev. Richard Levett of Ashwell, Rutland, William Levett was likely born in Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, the son of James Levett, descendant of a knightly Sussex family of Anglo-Norman descent. Levett entered the Royal service as a Page of the Backstairs, eventually rising to Groom of the Bedchamber. As a courtier, Levett likely benefitted from favors dispensed by the monarchy.

Levett's appointment as courtier seems to date from the beginning of King Charles' reign. Levett was appointed a page in the king's bedchamber at Oxford on 16 January 1644 as a replacement for George Harley. By the time the King had been captured and sent to Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight, it was clear that Levett had made himself indispensable: the King requested that Levett be one of the few courtiers allowed to accompany him there. During the King's escape from Hampton Court, Levett had apparently proven his mettle, accompanying the King in his flight southward away from Parliamentary forces.

Towards the end of his life, writing from his home in Wiltshire, where he owned Levett's Farm within Savernake Forest, had long leased the Goddard mansion in Swindon, and owned property at Manton as well, Levett sent a letter claiming that he had seen King Charles writing the Eikon Basilike. The letter, signed by Levet on 29 April 1691, and incorporated into later editions of the work alleged to have been authored by the monarch, was celebrated by those who wished to see the dead King as saint for having given his life for the cause of the nation.

"If anyone has a desire to know the true author of the book entitled Eikon Basilike," Levett wrote, "I, one of the servants of King Charles the First, in his bedchamber, do declare, when his said Majesty was prisoner in the Isle of Wight, that I read over the above mentioned book, (which was long before the said book was printed) in his bed-chamber, writ with his Majesty's own hand, with several underlinings."

"I can testify also," Levett continued in his letter, "that Royston the printer told me, that he was imprisoned by Oliver Cromwell, the Protector, because he would not declare that King Charles the First, was not the author of the said Book." Besides Levett, Royston the printer figured prominently in the attempts to prove that the King himself had authored the Eikon Basilike.

In his letter, which he gave to his son Dr. Henry Levett of the Charterhouse London, Levett made clear that he was much in favor with Charles, which contemporary observers noted. In a later letter to Lincoln's Inn barrister Seymour Bourman, Levett noted that he was nearly always in the King's presence. "I waited on his Majesty, as page of the bedchamber in ordinary, during all the time of his solitudes, (except when I was forced from him). And specially being nominated by his Majesty to be one of his servants, among others, that should attend him during the treaty at Newport, in the isle of Wight."

John Ashburnham, another of the King's courtiers also from an old Sussex gentry family, noted in a memoir published later by a descendant that Levett was much in favor with the King and was often to be seen in his presence. "I believe Mr. Firebrace, Mr. Dowset and Mr. Levet know most of them," Ashburnham recalled in his memoir about those who assisted courtier Levet at the time of Charles' death. "The names of these three gentlemen," notes the manuscript, "frequently occur in the histories and memoirs of that time as employed near the king's person, and much in his majesty's confidence."

Following the execution of the King, Oliver Cromwell permitted the King's head to be sewn back onto his body for burial. Charles was buried in private on the night of  February 7, 1649, inside the Henry VIII vault in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. William Levett Esq. and four other royal retainers—Sir Thomas Herbert, Capt. Anthony Mildmay, Sir Henry Firebrace and Abraham Dowcett (sometimes spelled Dowsett) -- conveyed the King's body to Windsor. The King's son, King Charles II, later planned an elaborate royal mausoleum, but it was never built.

Following the rule of Cromwell and Parliament, Levett, now acting as an officer in the militia, aided the Royal forces when they retook Marlborough, a former hotbed of Roundhead sentiment. In a letter to Col. Charles Seymour of 1663, Levett wrote of riding into Marlborough, where he and a party of Royalist sympathizers "assaulted the burial place of the Quakers at Wanton and laid it waste, leaving all the prey to the owners' disposal."

William Levett lived out the rest of his life following his service to King Charles at his homes in Wiltshire, where he had secured a sinecure as an agent and surveyor for Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset. Levett had leased the Swindon manor house of the Goddard family property at Swindon beginning in 1658. On 22 January 1658, Francis Bowman Gent., "guardian of Thomas Goddard, leased to Levett a "mansion house lately occupied by Anne Goddard in Swindon." Later Goddard family leases to Levett, who retained his farm within Savernake Forest, would come to include other lands owned by the Goddard family in Swindon. In the lease of April 5, 1664, the lease by Goddard notes that "the Parke etc." is included as well as the Goddard mansion. Levett subsequently buried two of his children at Holy Rood Church, the church on the Goddard estate in Swindon.

Levett frequented acted in legal matters on behalf of the county, and subsequently served King Charles II of England as Page of the Backstairs, beginning at the Restoration in 1660. How long he served the Royal Household is his second incarnation as a courtier is unclear, and he spent the rest of his life trying to recover a pension for his time as a courtier. The former courtier did receive monies from the Crown from time to time, including two such payments in 1680, one advanced out of the "remains of the Queen's Portugal portion."

Two of his infant children born during his Wiltshire residence are buried within Holyrood Church in Swindon. Levett's daughter Catherine married Rev. Edward Dering. She died in 1701 and is buried with other members of the Dering family within the church of Charing, Kent. There is a monument to Catherine Levett Dering on the floor of the church chancel. They had no children.

"Here lieth the Body of Catherine DERING," reads the monument to the daughter of William Levett, "wife of the Reverend Edward Dering, clerk. She was daughter of William LEVET Esquire who served King Charles the First many years and attended him on ye scaffold at the time of his martyrdom. She departed this life December 4th 1701 and left noe issue."

Levett's sworn statement about the King, once in the hands of his son Dr. Henry Levett, later disappeared. There are indications that Henry Levett, a fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, may given the original to the well-known Oxford antiquarian Anthony Wood. The mementos presented to Levett from King Charles following his death on the scaffold are still owned by the descendants of William Levett's brother, vicar Richard Levett of Rutland, who live at Milford Hall in Staffordshire. It is also likely that two portraits by artist Sir Anthony van Dyck of King Charles I and his Queen, later in the possession of Sir Richard Levett, Lord Mayor of London, were initially owned by courtier William Levet and found their way to his nephew the Lord Mayor.

References

Sources
 The Levetts of Staffordshire, Dyonese Levett Haszard, Milford, Staffordshire, privately printed
 A Narrative by John Ashburnham of His Attendance on King Charles the First, John Ashburnham, George Ashburnham Ashburnham, Payne and Foss, London, 1830
 Eikon Basilike, King Charles, John Gauden, Edward Almack, Chatto and Windus, London, 1907
 Restitution to the Royal Author, Or, A Vindication of King Charls the Martyr's Most Excellent Book Intitutled 'Eikōn Basilikē' from the False, Scandalous, and Malicious Reflections Lately Published Against it, William Levett, Samuel Keble, Samuel Keble at the Great Turk's Head, London, 1691

People from Melton Mowbray
British and English royal favourites
People from Swindon
William
People of the English Civil War
Court of Charles I of England
English people of Norman descent


Grey Legacy is a science fiction webcomic by Wayne Wise and Fred Wheaton that was originally published in print form. The comic is hosted on Drunk Duck. The comic was among the first ever to win a Xeric Award in 1992.

Synopsis
Grey Legacy is about Greylock, a student at an interstellar academy, and his rise to fame. Roommate of Lesterfarr, Greylock meets alien Bilmar, who was captured by the university and who pretends to be mute and dumb in order to avoid attention. The three eventually team up in a series of interstellar adventures.

Development
Throughout the 1980s, Wayne Wise and Fred Wheaton created Grey Legacy as a series of minicomics. The series was eventually published in print as an anthology in 1992 thanks to a grant by the Xeric Foundation. Grey legacy became one of the first four comics to win the Xeric Grant, but the comic series was unable to gain any more significant success throughout the 1990s.

References

External links
Grey Legacy on Drunk Duck
Wayne Wise Homepage
Fred Wheaton Homepage

2000s webcomics
1992 comics debuts
Science fiction webcomics
American webcomics
Webcomics in print
2007 webcomic debuts


The 2009 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the eighth edition of UEFA's European Under-17 Football Championship since it was renamed from the original under-16 event, in 2001. Germany hosted the championship, during 6 to 18 May 2009, in thirteen venues, and the final took place at the Stadion Magdeburg, in Magdeburg.
Spain was the current title holder, having successfully defended its 2007 title.
The top 6 teams qualified for the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

Qualification
The final tournament of the 2009 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was preceded by two qualification stages: a qualifying round and an Elite round. During these rounds, 52 national teams competed to determine the seven teams to join the already qualified host nation Germany.

Participants

  (as hosts)

Squads

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage

Semi-finals

Final

Team of the Tournament

Countries to participate in 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup

References

UEFA.com
RSSSF.com

2009
2008–09 in European football
Under
2009
May 2009 sports events in Europe
2009 in youth association football


Ninhue () is a Chilean commune and town in the Itata Province, Ñuble Region.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Ninhue spans an area of  and has 5,738 inhabitants (2,920 men and 2,818 women). Of these, 1,433 (25%) lived in urban areas and 4,305 (75%) in rural areas. The population fell by 10.6% (679 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

Administration
As a commune, Ninhue is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Luis Molina Melo (PDC).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Ninhue is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Jorge Sabag (PDC) and Frank Sauerbaum (RN) as part of the 42nd electoral district, together with San Fabián, Ñiquén, San Carlos, San Nicolás, Quirihue, Cobquecura, Treguaco, Portezuelo, Coelemu, Ránquil, Quillón, Bulnes, Cabrero and Yumbel. The commune is represented in the Senate by Alejandro Navarro Brain (MAS) and Hosain Sabag Castillo (PDC) as part of the 12th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Cordillera).

References

External links
  Comuna de Ninhue

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Itata Province


Amendment 47 was a proposed initiative on the Colorado ballot for 2008. It was defeated.

The initiative was proposed jointly by Ryan Frazier of Aurora and Julian Jay Cole of Golden. According to the Blue Book, the state-provided ballot guide, Amendment 47 "proposes amending the Colorado Constitution to: prohibit requiring an employee to join and pay any dues or fees to a labor union as a condition of employment; and create a misdemeanor penalty for violation of this law."

If ratified, Amendment 47 would have added a new section to the Colorado Constitution, which would state, in part:

(1) This Amendment shall be known and may be cited as the "Colorado Right to Work Amendment".
(2) (a) No person shall, as a condition of employment, be required to:
(I) be a member of a labor union; and
(II) pay any dues, fees, assessments, or other charges of any kind to a labor union or to any charity or other third party, in lieu of such payments.
(b) Nothing in this section shall prevent any person from voluntarily belonging or voluntarily providing financial support to a labor union.
(3) Any person who directly or indirectly violated any provision of this section commits a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine in an amount equivalent to the most stringent misdemeanor classification provided by law.

Fact-checking

Pro-Amendment 47 political ads

KUSA, the NBC affiliate in Denver, Colorado, analyzed one of the political ads supporting Amendment 47. Among their conclusions were that the particular ad was misleading when it stated, "All it does, it gives workers the right to choose for themselves whether or not they want to join a union."  KUSA's analysis states:

As it stands now, [...] federal law prohibits anyone from being forced to join a union. What Amendment 47 would really do is give workers the right to decide if they want to pay any dues to the union for the purposes of negotiating for wages and benefits.

They also noted that agencies promoting passage of the amendment have received contributions from two organizations in Virginia, the Free Enterprise Alliance in Arlington the National Right to Work Committee in Springfield.

Anti-Amendment 47 political ads

Channel Nine News also fact-checked a political ad from the opposition. Their conclusions (excerpted):

TRUTH TEST: Will Amendment 47 hurt Colorado's economy?

QUOTE: The few rich owners who are pushing Constitutional Amendment 47 say they want to give people a choice.

TRUTH: It is true that some wealthy businessmen and women have backed Amendment 47 and groups supporting this amendment do discuss freedom of choice and the rights of workers. [...]

QUOTE: You do have a choice. Would you choose to pass an amendment that could strip away all progress that Colorado workers have made with wages and health care and retirement?

TRUTH: This is opinion, but regards the concerns opponents have about the impact of this measure on union organization in the state. [...]

QUOTE: In times like these, who would choose to destabilize Colorado's economy and put jobs at risk?

TRUTH: This is opinion, but regards opponents' concerns related to employment and working conditions. [...]

QUOTE: If it's not broke, why fix it? No on 47. It's risky, it's reckless, it's wrong.

TRUTH: This is opinion.

Controversy
The backers of Amendment 47 have been found to have violated campaign finance laws.

Support and opposition

One organization which supports Amendment 47 is called For A Better Colorado.  An organization in opposition is called Protect Colorado.

Results

References

Amendment 47
Initiatives in the United States
Right-to-work law
Constitution of Colorado
U.S. state constitutional amendments


41 Potencjometrów Pana Jana ("41 Mr. Jan's Potentiometers") is a posthumously released live album by Czesław Niemen. It contains recordings from an improvised concert, performed at the Riviera club, Warsaw, on 9 May 1974 by his "Aerolit" project. The tape, "cut and mixed" by scissors and scotch tape  by Niemen himself and Janusz Kosiński, was stored in the archives of Polish Radio.

The full concert was 82 minutes long, but the recording was shortened by Niemen and added to the archives in the late 1970s.  The title "41 Potencjometrów Pana Jana" came from the name of Janusz Kosiński (who Niemen referred to as "Jan") who helped edit Niemens material, and the number of minutes of material that they kept from the original concert. (In fact, they had only eight potentiometers).

Track listing
 "41 Potencjometrów Pana Jana" - 41:57

Personnel
 Czesław Niemen - Mini Moog, Mellotron, vocal
 Jan Błędowski - electric violin
 Piotr Dziemski - drums
 Jacek Gazda - bass
 Sławomir Piwowar - guitar

References

Czesław Niemen albums
2007 live albums


Balbeg () is a clachan (hamlet) about 0.5 miles (1 km) north-east of Balnain, 4 miles (6 km) west of Drumnadrochit, Inverness-shire (in the Scottish Highlands) and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Balbeg is also the name of another small settlement, located on the north west shore of Loch Ness, about 4 miles south of Drumnadrochit. The two settlements are sometimes confused.

History

Balmacaan Estate
Much of Glenurquhart was part of the Balmacaan Estate (also known as the Glen Urquhart Estate) owned by the Grant family of Seafield between 1509 and 1946. The estate was rented to the wealthy American industrialist and local benefactor Bradley Martin in the late 19th and early 20th century  and flourished in the 1880s and 1890s, but went into decline after the 1920s. The estate then changed hands so frequently that the issue was raised in parliament. The best forestry wood had been felled during World War 2 and the estate was dissolved in 1946. Balmacaan House, near Drumnadrochit, was abandoned soon afterwards<ref name="auto11"/, set on fire by vandals in the 1960s and demolished in 1972.

In 1946 Bunloit Farm was separated from Balmacaan Estate and Bunloit Estate was formed round it near the  small settlement of Balbeg, located on the north west shore of Loch Ness, about 4 miles south of Drumnadrochit.

Glenurquhart, the valley in which Balbeg is located, used to be part of the lands of the Grants of Glenmorison, with the lands of the Frasers to the north for most of its time.

Balbeg, like Balnain, did not yet exist in 1832. The River Enrick, which flows through Glenurquhart, was known as Endrie Water at this time. Several buildings were erected during 1872, appearing on some maps, but not others. It was there by 1896  and 1878

Climate
Like most of the United Kingdom, the Inverness area has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).

The weather is pleasantly warm and sunny in the spring and summer, cool and fairly rainy in the autumn and very cold and snowy (with some blizzards) in the winter.

Transport
There are occasional buses to Balnain, from which Balbeg is a short walk.

Images

References

See also
Inverness
Charles Kennedy MP
Corrimony
Balnain
Drumnadrochit

Populated places in Inverness committee area


The Vierde Klasse () is the ninth tier of football in the Netherlands and the seventh tier of Dutch amateur football. This is the lowest league in the South I region. The league is divided into 55 divisions, 29 played on Saturday and 26 on Sunday.

Each division consists of 12 to 14 teams. The champions are promoted to the Derde Klasse, the bottom two teams are relegated to the Vijfde Klasse (only in districts where a Vijfde Klasse exists). Each season is divided into a number of periods (). The winner of these periods qualify for promotion playoffs, provided they finish in the top nine overall in the season. The teams finishing third from bottom in the final rankings play relegation playoffs.

Vierde Klasse divisions

References

9


Ulpia may refer to:

People
 Ulpia gens, ancient Roman family which produced the emperor Trajan (98–117)

Places
A number of Roman settlements, mostly named in honour of the Emperoro Trajan:
 Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, the capital of Roman Dacia, located near modern Tapae in Romania
 Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum, modern Nijmegen, Netherlands.
 Colonia Ulpia Traiana, modern Xanten, Germany.
 Civitas Ulpia Sueborum Nicretum, modern Ladenburg, Germany.
 Colonia Ulpia Traiana Poetovio, modern Ptuj, Slovenia.
 Ulpia Serdica, another name for Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
 Colonia Ulpia Oescensium or Oescus, near modern Pleven, Bulgaria.
 Colonia Ulpia Ratiaria, near modern Archar, Bulgaria.
 Marcianopolis Ulpia, another name for Marcianopolis, Bulgaria.
 Ulpia Nicopolis, another name for Nicopolis ad Istrum, near mordern Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria.
 Ulpia Topira, another name for Topeiros, near modern Evlalo, northeastern Greece.
 Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina, another name for Hadrumetum, Tunisia.
 Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi, another name for Timgad, Algeria.


Hugo Eduardo Villaverde (born 27 January 1954 in Santa Fe) is a retired Argentine football defender who played most of his career for Club Atlético Independiente. He holds the record in Argentina for most first division matches without scoring a goal, ahead of Jorge Titonell who in the 1930s and 40s played 405 matches for  Talleres (Remedios de Escalada) and Huracán.

Villaverde started his professional playing career in 1973 with home town club Colón de Santa Fe at the age of 19.

In 1975, he joined Independiente where he became a key player throughout the 1970s and 1980s. He won four league titles, the 1984 Copa Libertadores and Copa Intercontinental with the club.

Villaverde played for the Argentina national team in 1979, but never returned to the international scene after suffering an injury in friendly match against Scotland.

Villaverde's nephew, Alejandro "Papu" Gómez, is also a professional footballer who has played for the Argentina national team.

Honours
Independiente
 Primera División Argentina: 1977 Nacional, 1978 Nacional, 1983 Metropolitano, 1988–89
 Copa Libertadores: 1984
 Copa Intercontinental: 1984

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Footballers from Santa Fe, Argentina
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Club Atlético Colón footballers
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Copa Libertadores-winning players


Evelina Papoulia (Greek: Εβελίνα Παπούλια; born 25 March 1971) is a Greek actress and dancer. She is best known for her role as Marina Kountouratou in the TV series Dyo Xenoi (1997).

Career
In 1989 she moved to New York City to study dance at The Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance and acting at The Lee Strasberg Theater Institute. During her time in New York City, she took part in several plays, such as West Side Story (1993), while participating in the Mega Dance Company. Originally she wanted to obtain the American citizenship, but failing to do so she returned to Athens in 1993 and continued working as an actress. Evelina first claimed stardom as the hysterical blond TV persona Marina Kountouratou, who fell in love with a man of classic education, in Dyo Xenoi in 1997.

Her film debut was in the successful Greek film Safe Sex in 1999.

While working on TV shows, she continued her career on stage with plays such as Waiting Till Dark (1999) and the rock musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch.

From 2006 until 2008, she was a judge at the Greek version of So You Think You Can Dance.

Personal life
Papoulia has a daughter named Afroditi-Maria, from her first marriage to George Liandos. In May 2008, she married director Panagiotis Kravvas in Scotland and got divorced in 2008.

Filmography

Television

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Greek stage actresses
Greek female dancers
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni


The Vijfde Klasse () is the tenth and lowest tier of football in the Netherlands and the eighth tier of Dutch amateur football. The league is divided into 41 divisions, 19 played on Saturday and 22 on Sunday.

Each division consists of 11 to 14 teams. The champions are promoted to the Vierde Klasse. Each season is divided into a number of periods (). The winner of these periods qualify for promotion playoffs, provided they finish in the top nine overall in the season. Because the Vijfde Klasse is the lowest football tier, no teams are relegated or play relegation playoffs.

Vijfde Klasse divisions

References

10


David Sidney Thomas  (12 November 1919 – 19 January 2012) was a Welsh professional footballer who played as a winger. After playing local amateur football as a teenager, he joined Fulham in 1938 after impressing in a trial match, however, due to the outbreak of World War Two, he did not make his professional debut until 1946.

He helped the side win promotion to the First Division in 1949 but left the club the following year to sign for Bristol City. However, he was forced to retire from football soon after having contracted tuberculosis.

Career
Born in Machynlleth, Thomas worked in a local bakery as a teenager while playing  amateur football for his local side alongside his two brothers Eric and Leslie, his performances being said to have "amazed" spectators. His reputation attracted the attention of Wrexham, where he played for the club's reserve side during the 1937–38 season but was not offered a contract. In August 1938, he was offered a trial with Second Division side Fulham after being recommended to the club by Bob McCormick, a goalkeeper also from Machynlleth who himself had spent time on trial with the club.

His performance in a trial match for Fulham impressed the club's manager Jack Peart so much that he signed Thomas to a professional contract during the half-time interval. However, he was forced to wait for his debut following the outbreak of World War Two, with the Football League suspended during the hostilities. During his war service, Thomas served as a driver in the RAF at a construction site in Sekondi-Takoradi in the African Gold Coast.

When the Football League resumed in 1946, Thomas made his professional debut for Fulham eight years after originally signing with the club, playing in a draw with Tottenham Hotspur in November 1946. During the 1947–48 season, he made 35 appearances in all competitions and his form saw him called up to make his senior international debut in a 3–0 defeat to England on 18 October 1947 at Ninian Park. His selection for the side attracted huge interest in his home village of Machynlleth and twelve buses of residents travelled to the match to see Thomas play. He played in Wales' three following fixtures but was displaced by Ernie Jones and never played for Wales again.

He helped Fulham to win the Second Division title the following season but featured infrequently for the club as Arthur Stevens was moved to Thomas' preferred position to accommodate new signing Arthur Rowley in the side. Thomas featured in three league matches following the club's promotion to the First Division and was eventually sold to Bristol City in June 1950 for a fee of £9000. However, he and his wife Ivy contracted tuberculosis soon after which led to Thomas' retirement from football.

After football
Thomas returned home to Machynlleth following his retirement, working in his family's bakery until 1987.  He died on 19 January 2012, aged 92.

Honours
Fulham
 Football League Second Division winner: 1948–49

References

1919 births
Welsh men's footballers
Wales men's international footballers
Fulham F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Bristol City F.C. players
2012 deaths
English Football League players
People from Machynlleth
Footballers from Powys
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Air Force airmen


The Tailor of Gloucester is a television Christmas special first broadcast on 28 December 1989 on ITV. It is based on the children's story by Beatrix Potter.

Plot
The film tells the story of a poor tailor, his cat, and the mice that live in his shop. He has many scraps of cloth and ribbons left over that are too small for any practical use. The mice take these and make fine clothes for themselves.

The tailor sends his cat Simpkin to buy food and a twist of cherry-coloured silk for a coat the mayor has commissioned for his wedding, which will take place on Christmas morning.

While the cat is gone, he frees the mice from teacups where Simpkin has imprisoned them. When Simpkin returns and finds his mice gone, he hides the twist in anger.

When the tailor falls ill, the mice save the day by completing the coat. (One buttonhole remains incomplete because the mice run out of twist).

Cast
Ian Holm as The Tailor of Gloucester
Thora Hird as The Mayor's Housekeeper
Jude Law as the Mayor's Stableboy
Barry Ingham as the Mayor
Other performers: Benjamin Luxon, Francois Testory

References

External links

ITV children's television shows
Christmas television specials
1989 television films
1989 films
Beatrix Potter
Films based on children's books
1980s English-language films


Eleven ships of the French Navy have borne the name Sibylle:

Ships named Sybille
 , a six-gun frigate
 , a 6-gun corvette
 , a 6-gun corvette
 , a 12-gun frigate
  (1729), a barque
 , a 32-gun frigate, lead ship of her class
 , a 38-gun
 , a 40-gun frigate
 , a 50-gun frigate
 , a
 , a British S-class submarine loaned in 1952 and lost eleven weeks later

See also

References

French Navy ship names


The House of Kaboga (Kabužić in Croatian, Caboga in Italian) were a patrician family from the city of Dubrovnik and its Republic of Ragusa. Their numbers, economic power and social and political status marked them as wealthy, influential and noble. Originating in the eighth century, they are one of the oldest and best-known families in Dubrovnik. Many of its members were rector (knez) of the republic, and the Austrian Empire recognized its members in 1818 and 1833 as counts.

History

The Kaboga family first appears during the late 13th century. Džore Dišić, who died before 1282, appears to be the patriarch although he is not specifically mentioned in sources.  Džore Dišić's wife Draga and their sons, Mihajlo (Miho), the cleric Dživo, Marin and Vlaho, are frequently mentioned in records of the Dubrovnik chancellery for 1281 and 1282; Draga is described as "Uxor quondam Georgii de Disica", and her sons primarily as "filii qu. Džore Dišić". Mihajlo, Dživo and Marin have the name "Kaboga", and Mihajlo is described as the son of Džore Kaboga.

Vlaho is mentioned in the Dubrovnik chancellery books later, after the name of Kaboga replaced Dišić. In 1297, he is called Vlaho Džore Kaboga. Tomasina filia qu Džore Dišić, who married Palma Bisti Getaldić in 1283, appears again in 1325 in the will of Džono Kaboga; the Kaboga and Dišić families of 1281 and 1282 are seemingly identical, with Miho Džore Kaboga (1280–1286) apparently the oldest brother. In 1281, he received a portion of his father's estate. Marin, Dživo and Vlaho continued to live with their mother, and Marin cared for the family's business affairs. Miho described his brother Dživo as his procurator.

Three branches of the Kaboga family are descended from Miho, Marin and Vlaho, with all three cited in the second half of the 15th century. Marin's descendants, including his son Jure (1310–1368) and his grandson Nikola Jurov Kaboga (1348–1373), were involved in public life. Vlaho (1282–1333) had two sons, Dživo (1330–1340) and Mihael (1332–1366); he, Jure, Niko and Miše were members of the Vijeće Umoljenih. Nikola carried out diplomatic assignments;  he visited the King of Hungary in 1360 and 1363, and participated in peace talks in Kotor in 1362. Before his death in 1373 he was a judge and four-term rector, and was influential during Dubrovnik's break with Venice.

Vlaho and his descendants were primarily grain traders; in 1292 he appears as a witness in Ancona, and in 1313 in Durrës. In 1329 oats were taken from him in Ulcinj and the following year, he and his son Dživo accepted a quantity of wheat from a Florentine company. Three months later, he received a credit of 450 perperas from the Florentines. His sons continued in the grain trade; Dživo and M. Cerva were sent to Constantinople in 1330 to purchase wheat. In September 1335, Dživo sold 670 stara ječma from the harvest to a merchant from Bar. At the end of October, he agreed to supply Dubrovnik with at least 500 stara of wheat by January or February. On January 28, 1336, Dživo delivered 673 stara of wheat. He was apparently not wealthy at first, investing small sums.

In 1335, Dživo and Orsat Cerva worked with Džono Giorgi, receiving half the profits and risking 20 percent each of the potential loss. Dživo Bona's brother, Petar (1318–1346), also bought wheat in 1326, 1339, 1340 and 1345.

Miho's third brother, Vlaho Kaboga (1322–1366), was sent by the government in June 1361 to Apulia to purchase wheat for his own use ("pro usu domus tue"); he was obligated to remain until March 1362. While he was there, the government sent him several purchase orders. In 1382, after his death, there was a quantity of salt in his basement.

During the military operations of the 1380s, Mihail's son Marin (1363–1409) supplied hardtack to the galleys and apparently dealt in oil, cheese and tallow candles (lojanica). In 1394, Marin lived in Venice; his second marriage was to Margarita Nikole Kaboga (1383–1423), daughter of his second cousin (drugi bratić, grandfather of Džore Marinov Kaboga). She and Marin had a son, Danijel. Beginning in 1397, Marin was chosen as rector several times. Mihael (Miho) Marin Kaboga (1397–1428) was Marin's son from his first marriage.

In 1350 Jure Kaboga received oil valued at 322 perpera from Romaldus de Bari, and in 1356 his son Nikola (1348–1373) delivered Albanian wheat to Džore Jače Giorgi. Several times he had to sue his debtors for large payments. Nikola Jure Kaboga was married for a second time to Dechussa, daughter of the Venetian Andrea Dulfina. Her mother, Rade, was a citizen of Dubrovnik; through her, she was related to the Menče, Giorgi and Gundula families. Rade may have been the daughter of Džono Damjan Gondola and Deje Medozi Drago from Kotor; if so, she had been married to Džono Sorgo. Many of Mihael's descendants died young. Džono Dživo Kaboga (1341–1363) and his wife, dealers in cloth and leather, died in 1363 during a plague and left a young son, Dživo Džono Kaboga.

Records of two sons of Dživo Džono Kaboga, Nikola and Luka (1396–1437), survive; Luka was born outside of marriage, and the brothers worked together. Their accounting records are the oldest documents of their time preserved in Dubrovnik.

Austrian Kabogas

 Dživo Kaboga (17391814) had three children.
 Frano Vlaho Marijan Martin Kaboga, born in 1781.
 Brno Frano Marijan Kaboga (6 February 1785–19 November 1855) was married in 1833 to Countess Julianne Wanda Potocka (1788–18 September 1876, Lemberg), they had no children. Julianne's first husband was Count Cajetan Uruski.
 Vlaho Filip Antun Dživo Frano Kaboga (25 May 1774–13 May 1854) married Marija Katarina de Saracca (died in Dubrovnik, 11 May 1864) in Dubrovnik on 26 October 1806. They had three children:
 Henrik Nikola Bernard Kaboga (1 August 1818, Dubrovnik1 March 1881) was the Austrian consul in Jerusalem until his death. In 1867 he bought what was known as the Tower of Jacob and Ephrata at Tantur in Bethlehem, where the Hospice of the Order of Malta was opened in 1876. Henrik married Helena Ghetaldi on 10 June 1837 in Zadar. They had three children:
 Marija Bernardina Ana Kaboga (20 November 1856–19 November 1938) married Albert Ritter Conti von Cedassamare (died 6 April 1900 in Trieste) on 4 June 1853. They had five children:
 Marta Maria Conti von Cedassamare (born in Trieste on 1 February 1883)
 Petar Marian Ritter Conti von Cedassamare (29 June 1884–6 April 1886)
 Justus Marian Ritter Conti von Cedassamare (22 November 1885–26 March 1886)
 Albert Ritter Conti von Cedassamare, also known as Albert Conti (Albert Maroje Vlaho Frano Marian), was born on 29 January 1887 in Görz and died on 18 January 1967 in Hollywood. A film actor, he studied law and natural science in Austria and was married to Patricia Cross.
 Maria Concetta Conti von Cedassamare was born in Pula on December 5, 1892.
 Ana Marija Enriketa Lujza Kaboga (20 June 1858 – 1944, Szombathely, Hungary) married Lucijan von Ziegler-Pucić (19 March 1852, Kotor – 8 September 1930, Dubrovnik) in Dubrovnik on 10 April 1882. They had three children:
 Helena von Ziegler-Pučić (3 March 1889, Pula – 2 February 1968, Baden bei Wien) married Hugo Theobald Alfons Karl Maria Freiherr von Seyffertitz (23 September 1885, Brixen – 10 June 1966, Baden bei Wien).
 Teo von Ziegler-Pucić, married Marica von Kiepach-Haselburg (born c. 1897 in Križevci, Croatia). After her husband's death, Marica moved to Los Angeles and died in 1985.
 Marica von Ziegler-Pozza (10 January 1885, Pula – 2 February 1964, Acsád, Hungary) married Charley Masjon (19 November 1871, Graz – 1950, Táplánszentkereszt, Hungary). They had one daughter:
 Winifred Masjon (8 June 1911, Pula – 14 December 1998, Keszthely) married László Harkay.
 Bernard Vlaho Maroje Dživo Marijan Kaboga (21 April 1863, Dubrovnik – 10 May 1922, Waltendorf) married Marie Valerie Freiin von Locatelli (born 4 June 1870).
 Dživo Bernard Frano Kaboga (4 April 1808 – 25 February 1871) married Wilhelmine von Privitzer, daughter of Alois von Privitzer, in October 1838 in Vienna. They had one daughter:
 Maria Bernardina Cecilia Vilhemina Kaboga (born on 27 August 1839)

Members
Biagio Bernardo Caboga ( 1813–1814), led the Ragusan uprising against the French.
Bernhard Caboga-Cerva (1785–1855), Austrian count and general

Gallery

References

Bibliography
 Heyer von Rosenfeld, Carl Georg – Der Adel des Königreichs Dalmatien, in Siebmacher Bd. IV, 3. Abteilung, Nürnberg 1873. Kaboga – Seite 6, 101, XXII, Tafel 3
 Stratowa – Wiener Genealogisches Taschenbuch, Kaboga, Band 2, Seite 96 (Namenserwähnung)

External links
 Bernard Frano Marijan Count Kaboga
 Seyffertitz family

Kabuzic
Kabuzic
Kabuzic


Leon Johnson may refer to:

 Léon Johnson (1876–1943), French sport shooter
 Leon W. Johnson (1904–1997), U.S. Air Force general and Medal of Honor recipient
 Chaino (Leon Johnson, 1927–1999), American bongo player in the exotica genre
 Leon Johnson (running back) (born 1974), American football running back
 Leon Johnson (end) (1904–1978), American football end
 Leon Johnson (footballer) (born 1981), English football defender
 Leon Johnson (cricketer) (born 1987), West Indian cricketer from Guyana
 Leon H. Johnson (1908–1969), American chemist and mathematician


The Zesde Klasse () was formerly the tenth and lowest tier of football in the Netherlands for most of the districts and the eighth tier of Dutch amateur football. The league was divided into 6 divisions, 4 played on Saturday and 2 on Sunday. The leagues were abolished after the 2014–15 season. All teams were promoted to higher divisions based on geography.

The divisions consisted of 11, 12, 13 or 14 teams. The champions were promoted to the Vijfde Klasse. Each season was divided into a number of periods (). The winner of these periods qualified for promotion playoffs, provided they finish in the top nine overall in the season. Because the Zesde Klasse was the lowest football tier, teams were not relegated. In the North district only relegation to the Zevende Klasse occurred.

Last Zesde Klasse divisions
Existed until 2014–15 season

References

Defunct football leagues in the Netherlands


Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1 or aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL), or brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMAL1 gene on chromosome 11, region p15.3. It's also known as MOP3, and, less commonly, bHLHe5, BMAL, BMAL1C, JAP3, PASD3, and TIC.

BMAL1 encodes a transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and two PAS domains. The human BMAL1 gene has a predicted 24 exons, located on the p15 band of the 11th chromosome. The BMAL1 protein is 626 amino acids long and plays a key role as one of the positive elements in the mammalian auto-regulatory transcription-translation negative feedback loop (TTFL), which is responsible for generating molecular circadian rhythms. Research has revealed that BMAL1 is the only clock gene without which the circadian clock fails to function in humans. BMAL1 has also been identified as a candidate gene for susceptibility to hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, and mutations in BMAL1 have been linked to infertility, gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis problems, and altered sleep patterns. BMAL1, according to genome-wide profiling, is estimated to target more than 150 sites in the human genome, including all of the clock genes and genes encoding for proteins that regulate metabolism.

History

The BMAL1 gene was originally discovered in 1997 by two groups of researchers, John B. Hogenesch et al. in March under the name MOP3  and Ikeda and Nomura in April as part of a superfamily of PAS domain transcription factors. In 1998, Hogenesch's additional characterization of MOP3 revealed that its role as the partner of bHLH-PAS transcription factor CLOCK was essential to mammalian circadian clock function. The MOP3 protein, as it was originally known by the Hogenesch group, was found to dimerize with MOP4, CLOCK, and hypoxia-inducible factors. The names BMAL1 and ARNTL were adopted in later papers. One of BMAL1 protein's earliest discovered functions in circadian regulation was related to the CLOCK-BMAL1 (CLOCK-ARNTL) heterodimer, which would bind through an E-box enhancer to activate the transcription of the AVP gene which encodes for vasopressin. However, the gene's importance in circadian rhythms was not fully realized until the knockout of the gene in mice showed complete loss of circadian rhythms in locomotion and other behaviors.

Genetics

Regulation of Bmal1 activity

SIRT1 regulates PER protein degradation by inhibiting transcriptional activity of the BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimer in a circadian manner through deacetylation. The degradation of PER proteins prevents the formation of the large protein complex, and thus disinhibits the transcriptional activity of the BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimer. The CRY protein is also signaled for degradation by poly-ubiquitination from the FBXL3 protein resulting in the disinhibition of BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimer activity.

In addition to the circadian regulatory TTFL loop, Bmal1 transcription is regulated by competitive binding to the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response element-binding site (RORE) within the promoter of Bmal1. The CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer also binds to E-box elements in promoter regions of Rev-Erbα and RORα/ß genes, upregulating transcription and translation of REV-ERB and ROR proteins. REV-ERBα and ROR proteins regulate BMAL1 expression through a secondary feedback loop and compete to bind to Rev-Erb/ROR response elements in the Bmal1 promoter, resulting in BMAL1 expression repressed by REV-ERBα and activated by ROR proteins. Other nuclear receptors of the same families (NR1D2 (Rev-erb-β); NR1F2 (ROR-β); and NR1F3 (ROR-γ)) have also been shown to act on Bmal1 transcriptional activity in a similar manner.

Several posttranslational modifications of BMAL1 dictate the timing of the CLOCK/BMAL1 feedback loops. Phosphorylation of BMAL1 targets it for ubiquitination and degradation, as well as deubiquitination and stabilization. Acetylation of BMAL1 recruits CRY1 to suppress the transactivation of CLOCK/BMAL1. The sumoylation of BMAL1 by small ubiquitin-related modifier 3 signals its ubiquitination in the nucleus, leading to transactivation of the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. CLOCK/BMAL1 transactivation, is activated by phosphorylation by casein kinase 1ε and inhibited by phosphorylation by MAPK. Phosphorylation by CK2α regulates BMAL1 intracellular localization  and phosphorylation by GSK3B controls BMAL1 stability and primes it for ubiquitination.

In 2004, Rora was discovered to be an activator of Bmal1 transcription within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), regulated by its core clock. Rora was found to be required for normal Bmal1 expression as well as consolidation of daily locomotor activity. This suggests that the opposing activities of the orphan nuclear receptors RORA and REV-ERBα, the latter of which represses Bmal1 expression, are important in the maintenance of circadian clock function. Currently, Rora is under investigation for its link to autism, which may be a consequence of its function as a circadian regulator.

Species distribution

Along with mammals such as humans and mice, orthologs of the Arntl gene are also found in fish (AF144690.1), birds (Arntl), reptiles, amphibians (XI.2098), and Drosophila (Cycle, which encodes a protein lacking the homologous C-terminal domain, but still dimerizes with the CLOCK protein). Unlike mammalian Arntl, circadian regulated, the Drosophila Cycle (gene) is constitutively expressed. In humans, three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.  The importance of these transcript variants is unknown.

Mutations and disease

The Arntl gene is located within the hypertension susceptibility loci of chromosome 1 in rats. A study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this loci found two polymorphisms that occurred in the sequence encoding for Arntl and were associated with type II diabetes and hypertension. When translated from a rat model to a human model, this research suggests a causative role of Arntl gene variation in the pathology of type II diabetes. Recent phenotype data also suggest this gene and its partner Clock play a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and metabolism, which can lead to hypoinsulinaemia or diabetes when disrupted.

In regards to other functions, another study shows that the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex upregulates human LDLR promoter activity, suggesting the Arntl gene also plays a role in cholesterol homeostasis.  Furthermore, BMAL1 has been shown to influence excitability and seizure threshold. In addition, BMAL1 gene expression, along with that of other core clock genes, were discovered to be lower in patients with bipolar disorder, suggesting a problem with circadian function in these patients. An SNP in Bmal1 was identified as having a link with bipolar disorder. Arntl, Npas2, and Per2 have also been associated with seasonal affective disorder in humans. Alzheimer's patients have different rhythms in BMAL1 methylation suggesting that its misregulation contributes to cognitive deficits. Research has also shown that BMAL1 and other clock genes drive the expression of clock-controlled genes that are associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Lastly, BMAL1 has been identified through functional genetic screening as a putative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway suggesting potential involvement in the circadian rhythms exhibited by cancer cells.

In animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), namely the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, it has been shown that daily circadian rhythms can play an important role in disease pathology. Inducing EAE through the active immunization of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide during the rest phase is more efficient in comparison to that during the active phase. Disparity in EAE induction is critically dependent on BMAL1 expression in T cells and myeloid cells. T cell or myeloid-specific deletion of Bmal1 has been shown to cause more severe pathology and is sufficient to abolish the rest vs. active induction effect.

Structure
The BMAL1 protein contains fours domains according to its crystallographic structure: a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain, two PAS domains called PAS-A and PAS-B, and a trans-activating domain. The dimerization of CLOCK:BMAL1 proteins involves strong interactions between the bHLH, PAS A, and PAS B domains of both CLOCK and BMAL1 and  forms an asymmetrical heterodimer with  three distinct protein interfaces. The PAS-A interactions between CLOCK and BMAL1 involves an interaction, in which an α-helix of CLOCK PAS-A and the β-sheet of BMAL1 PAS-A, and an α-helix motif of the BMAL1 PAS-A domain and the β-sheet of CLOCK PAS-A. CLOCK and BMAL1 PAS-B domains stack in a parallel fashion, resulting in the concealment of different hydrophobic residues on the β-sheet of BMAL1 PAS-B and the helical surface of CLOCK PAS-B, such as Tyr 310 and Phe 423. Key interactions with specific amino acid residues, specially CLOCK His 84 and BMAL1 Leu125, are important in the dimerization of these molecules.

Function

Circadian clock

The protein encoded by the BMAL1 gene in mammals binds with a second bHLH-PAS protein via the PAS domain, CLOCK (or its paralog, NPAS2) to form a heterodimer in the nucleus. Via its BHLH domain, this heterodimer binds to E-box response elements in the promoter regions of Per (Per1 and Per2) and Cry genes (Cry1 and Cry2). This binding upregulates the transcription of Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2 mRNAs.

After the PER and CRY proteins have accumulated to sufficient levels, they interact by their PAS motifs to form a large repressor complex that travels into the nucleus to inhibit the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer  This inhibits the heterodimer activation of the transcription of Per and Cry genes, and causes protein levels of PER and CRY drop. This transcription-translation negative feedback loop (TTFL) is modulated in the cytoplasm by phosphorylation of PER proteins by casein kinase 1ε or δ (CK1 ε or CK1 δ), targeting these proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. The TTFL loop of nocturnal mice transcription levels of the Bmal1 gene peak at CT18, during the mid-subjective night, anti-phase to the transcription levels of Per, Cry, and other clock control genes, which peak at CT6, during the mid-subjective day. This  process occurs with a period length of approximately 24 hours and supports the notion that this molecular mechanism is rhythmic.

Knockout studies

The Arntl gene is an essential component within the mammalian clock gene regulatory network. It is a point of sensitivity within the network, as it is the only gene whose single knockout in a mouse model generates arrhythmicity at both the molecular and behavioral levels. In addition to defects in the clock, these Arntl-null mice also have reproductive problems, are small in stature, age quickly, and have progressive arthropathy that results in having less overall locomotor activity than wild type mice. However, recent research suggests that there might be some redundancy in the circadian function of Arntl with its paralog Bmal2. BMAL1 KO is not embryonically lethal and mice with BMAL1 ablated in adulthood do not express the symptoms of BMAL1 KO mice. A recent study finds that BMAL1 KO mice exhibit autistic-like behavioral changes, including impaired sociability, excessive stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, and motor learning disabilities. These changes are associated with hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway in the brain and can be ameliorated by an antidiabetic drug metformin.

BMAL1 binding is regulated in a tissue-specific manner by numerous factors including non-circadian ones. Following, tissue-specific KOs cause unique effects. BMAL1 has been shown to be important in bone metabolism as osteoblast BMAL1 KO mice have lower bone mass than their wild type counterparts. It is also important for energy metabolism as BMAL1 modulates the regulation of hepatic metabolites, the secretion of insulin and proliferation of pancreatic islets, and adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Curiously, global KO of BMAL1 has no effect on food anticipatory activity (FAA) in mice but in BMAL1 deletions in certain regions in the hypothalamus outside the SCN eliminate FAA. Knockout studies have demonstrated that BMAL1 is a key mediator between the circadian clock and the immune system response. By loss of Ccl2 regulation, BMAL1 KO in myeloid cells results in hindered monocyte recruitment, pathogen clearance, and anti-inflammatory response (consistent with the arthropathy phenotype). Immune cells such as TNF-α and IL-1β  reciprocally repress BMAL1 activity. Finally, BMAL1 interactions with HSF1 triggers clock synchronization and the release of pro-survival factors, highlighting the contribution of BMAL1 to cell stress and survival responses.

BMAL1 deficient hESC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited typical phenotypes of dilated cardiomyopathy including attenuated contractility, calcium dysregulation, and disorganized myofilaments. In addition, mitochondrial fission and mitophagy were suppressed in BMAL1 deficient hESC-cardiomyocytes, which resulted in significantly attenuated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and compromised cardiomyocyte function.

Interactions

Arntl has been shown to interact with:

 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
 CLOCK
 CREBBP
 CRY1
 EP300
 EPAS1
 HIF1A
 NPAS2
 SUMO3
BNIP3

See also
Arntl2 - Arntl2 (Bmal2) is a paralog of Arntl (Bmal1) that encodes for a basic helix-loop-helix PAS domain transcription factor. It, too, has been shown to play a circadian role, with its protein BMAL2 forming a transcriptionally active heterodimer with the CLOCK protein. It may also play a role in hypoxia.
Cycle - Cycle is the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of Arntl.

References

External links

Transcription factors
PAS-domain-containing proteins


Ikast Håndbold is a Danish professional women's handball club based in Ikast. They have competed in Damehåndboldligaen, Denmark's primary handball league, since 1991.

History
The club was founded as Ikast FS Håndboldafdeling on 20 June 1970 as a merger of the handball departments of Ikast DUI and Ikast Skytte Gymnastik Forening. Their breakthrough came in 1991 when they won the Danish Cup and reached the top division, Dame Håndbold Ligaen. They saw success again in 1998 as they won their first and only Danish Championship gold.

At the beginning of November 2008, it was announced that the professional division of Ikast-Brande EH had been taken over by football club FC Midtjylland. As a result, the team changed their name to FC Midtjylland Håndbold and switched colors from blue and yellow to red and black. In November 2017, it was announced that FC Midtjylland had sold off the handball team to a group of investors. From the 2018–19 season, they will be renamed Herning Ikast Håndbold.

Name

 1997–1999: Ikast FS Elitehåndbold
 1999–2008: Ikast-Bording Elitehåndbold
 2008–2009: Ikast-Brande Elite Håndbold
 2009–2018: FC Midtjylland Håndbold
 2018–2022: Herning-Ikast Håndbold
 2022– : Ikast Håndbold

Results

Danish Championship:
Gold: 1998, 2011, 2013, 2015
Silver: 1999, 2003, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2019
Bronze: 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2012, 2017, 2021, 2022, 2023
Danish Cup:
Winner: 1990, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2019
Finalist: 1994, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2013
EHF Champions League:
Semifinalist: 2003, 2014
EHF European League:
Winner: 2002, 2011, 2023
Finalist: 2007
Semifinalist: 2008, 2013, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
EHF Cup Winners' Cup:
Winner: 2004, 2015
Semifinalist: 2000
EHF Challenge Cup:
Winner: 1998
EHF Champions Trophy:
Winner: 1998
Finalist: 2002
Semifinalist: 2003

Kits

Team

Current squad
Squad for the 2023–24 season

Goalkeepers
 1  Irma Schjött
 12  Filippa Idéhn (pregnant)
 16  Andrea Austmo Pedersen
Wingers
LW
 15  Emma Friis
 23  Trine Mortensen
RW
 6  Cecilie Brandt
 77  Line Mai Hougaard
Line players
 11  Sarah Iversen
 18  Maria Lykkegaard
 19  Amanda Loft Hansen

Back players
LB
 4  Julie Scaglione
 21  Ingvild Bakkerud
 51  Markéta Jeřábková
CB
 14  Emma Lindqvist
 17  Simone Cathrine Petersen
RB
 7  Stine Skogrand (c)
 55  Caroline Søgaard

Retired numbers

Transfers
Transfers for the season 2023–24

 Joining
  Filippa Idéhn (GK) (from  Silkeborg-Voel KFUM)
  Irma Schjött (GK) (from  Thüringer HC)
  Markéta Jeřábková (LB) (from  Vipers Kristiansand)
  Maria Lykkegaard (P) (from  København Håndbold)
  Amanda Loft Hansen (P) (from  Ajax København)

 Leaving
  Jessica Ryde (GK) (to  Neptunes de Nantes)
  Stephanie Andersen (GK) (to  Ringkøbing Håndbold)
  Line Uno (CB) (from  SønderjyskE Håndbold)
  Alberte Ebler (RB) (to  Aarhus United)
  Vilde Johansen (P) (retires)
  Julie Gantzel Pedersen (P) (retires)

Staff members

  Head coach: Kasper Christensen
  Assistant coach: Christian Køhler
  Team leader: Pernille Mosegaard
  Team leader: Annelie Mortensen
  Physiotherapist: Mads Skautrup Jacobsen
  Physiotherapist: Christian Poulsen

Notable former players

  Anja Andersen (1987–1988)
  Henriette Mikkelsen (1997–2003)
  Anja Nielsen (1997–2003)
  Trine Jensen (2001–2004)
  Kristine Andersen (1998–2005)
  Karin Mortensen (2002–2006)
  Josephine Touray (2004–2005)
  Karen Brødsgaard (2004–2007)
  Tonje Kjærgaard (1998–2007)
  Rikke Schmidt (2006–2007)
  Line Fruensgaard (2008–2010)
  Maibritt Kviesgaard (2011–2013)
  Lærke Møller (2009–2014)
  Louise Svalastog (2007–2014)
  Line Jørgensen (2010–2015)
  Susan Thorsgaard (2008–2016)
  Fie Woller (2009–2016)
  Stine Jørgensen (2012–2017)
  Trine Østergaard (2008–2017)
  Sabine Pedersen (2014–2018)
  Mie Augustesen (2014–2019)
  Louise Burgaard (2015–2019)
  Anne Mette Pedersen (2017–2019)
  Trine Troelsen (2017–2019)
  Julie Gantzel Pedersen (2017–2020, 2022–2023)
  Line Uno (2022–2023)
  Kjersti Grini (2000–2003)
  Ragnhild Aamodt (2005–2009)
  Kari-Anne Henriksen (2005–2009)
  Gro Hammerseng (2003–2010)
  Katja Nyberg (2006–2010)
  Isabel Blanco (2001–2011)
  Tonje Nøstvold (2008–2011)
  Ingrid Ødegård (2008–2012)
  Ida Alstad (2014–2015)
  Veronica Kristiansen (2015–2018)
  Tonje Løseth (2017–2020)
  Jeanett Kristiansen (2019–2020)
  Vilde Johansen (2019–2023)
  Jessica Ryde (2017–2023)
  Linnea Torstenson (2010–2012)
  Johanna Ahlm (2015–2016)
  Sabina Jacobsen (2014–2017)
  Linn Blohm (2016–2018)
  Debbie Bont (2011–2012)
  Nycke Groot (2011–2015)
  Narcisa Lecușanu (2002–2004)
  Eliza Buceschi (2016)
  Valerie Nicolas (2007–2008)
  Grit Jurack (2001–2003)
  Beáta Siti (2001–2002)
  Tanja Milanović (2004–2008)

Head coach history

ALPI Legends
In November 2017, FC Midtjylland Håndbold introduced the ALPI Legends, an award presented annually to players, coaches and staffers who have meant something special to FC Midtjylland Håndbold through the time.

 2017: Tonje Kjærgaard and Sabine Englert

European record

EHF Champions League

EHF Cup Winners' Cup

EHF European League (EHF Cup)

Kit manufacturers
 Mizuno (2018-)

References

General

External links
 Official site

Handball clubs in Denmark
Ikast-Brande Municipality
Handball clubs established in 1970
1970 establishments in Denmark


Open Up Your Heart is an album by Buck Owens and his Buckaroos, released in 1966. It reached Number one on the Billboard Country Albums chart.

It was re-released on CD in 1995 by Sundazed Records.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote "...while it is still firmly within his trademark Bakersfield sound, there are slight moves away from his twangy, purer material and toward material that was just a little sillier and a little poppier... Open Up Your Heart doesn't resonate quite as strongly as earlier efforts from Owens, nor does it warrant as many repeat plays, but it is still crafted and played well enough to make it a satisfying listen."

Track listing

Side one
 "Open Up Your Heart" (Buck Owens) – 2:28
 "Congratulations, You're Absolutely Right" (Owens, Don Rich, Red Simpson) – 2:38
 "Think Of Me" (Don Rich, Estrella Olson) – 2:15
 "In the Palm of Your Hand" (Owens) – 2:25
 "You, You, Only You" (Rich, Simpson) – 2:06
 "Sam's Place" (Owens, Simpson) – 1:59

Side two
 "Waitin' in Your Welfare Line" (Owens, Rich, Nat Stuckey) – 2:18
 "A Devil Like Me (Needs an Angel Like You)" (Rich, Simpson) – 2:09
 "Heart of Glass" (Owens, Simpson) – 2:09
 "Cadillac Lane" (Owens, Simpson) – 2:22
 "No More Me and You" (Owens) – 2:03
 "Goodbye, Good Luck, God Bless You" (Owens) – 2:12
1995 bonus tracks:
 "Open Up Your Heart" (Owens) – 2:27
 "Think of Me" (Estella Olson, Don Rich) – 2:13

Recorded
August 23, 1965, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (6,9)
August 24, 1965, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (4,7)
February 15, 1966, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (3,11)
April 1966, Capitol Recording Studio, Hollywood (1,2,5,8,10,12)

References

1966 albums
Buck Owens albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


In geometry, polygons are associated into pairs called duals, where the vertices of one correspond to the edges of the other.

Properties

Regular polygons are self-dual.

The dual of an isogonal (vertex-transitive) polygon is an isotoxal (edge-transitive) polygon. For example, the (isogonal) rectangle  and (isotoxal) rhombus are duals.

In a cyclic polygon, longer sides correspond to larger exterior angles in the dual (a tangential polygon), and shorter sides to smaller angles. Further, congruent sides in the original polygon yields congruent angles in the dual, and conversely. For example, the dual of a highly acute isosceles triangle is an obtuse isosceles triangle.

In the Dorman Luke construction, each face of a dual polyhedron is the dual polygon of the corresponding vertex figure.

Duality in quadrilaterals
As an example of the side-angle duality of polygons we compare properties of the cyclic and tangential quadrilaterals.

This duality is perhaps even more clear when comparing an isosceles trapezoid to a kite.

Kinds of duality

Rectification

The simplest qualitative construction of a dual polygon is a rectification operation, where the edges of a polygon are truncated down to vertices at the center of each original edge. New edges are formed between these new vertices.

This construction is not reversible. That is, the polygon generated by applying it twice is in general not similar to the original polygon.

Polar reciprocation

As with dual polyhedra, one can take a circle (be it the inscribed circle, circumscribed circle, or if both exist, their midcircle) and perform polar reciprocation in it.

Projective duality

Under projective duality, the dual of a point is a line, and of a line is a point – thus the dual of a polygon is a polygon, with edges of the original corresponding to vertices of the dual and conversely.

From the point of view of the dual curve, where to each point on a curve one associates the point dual to its tangent line at that point, the projective dual can be interpreted thus:
 every point on a side of a polygon has the same tangent line, which agrees with the side itself – they thus all map to the same vertex in the dual polygon
 at a vertex, the "tangent lines" to that vertex are all lines through that point with angle between the two edges – the dual points to these lines are then the edge in the dual polygon.

Combinatorially
Combinatorially, one can define a polygon as a set of vertices, a set of edges, and an incidence relation (which vertices and edges touch): two adjacent vertices determine an edge, and dually, two adjacent edges determine a vertex. Then the dual polygon is obtained by simply switching the vertices and edges.

Thus for the triangle with vertices {A, B, C} and edges {AB, BC, CA}, the dual triangle has vertices {AB, BC, CA}, and edges {B, C, A}, where B connects AB & BC, and so forth.

This is not a particularly fruitful avenue, as combinatorially, there is a single family of polygons (given by number of sides); geometric duality of polygons is more varied, as are combinatorial dual polyhedra.

See also
Dual curve
Dual polyhedron
Self-dual polygon

References

External links
Dual Polygon Applet by Don Hatch

Polygons


Dragon boat racing at the 2008 Asian Beach Games was held in Bali, Indonesia from 19 to 21 October 2008.

Medalists

Men

Women

Medal table

Results

Men

250 m
21 October

Heats

Repechage

Finals

500 m
20 October

Heats

Repechage

Finals

1000 m
19 October

Heats

Repechage

Finals

Women

250 m
21 October

500 m
20 October

1000 m
19 October

References
 Official site

2008 Asian Beach Games events
Asian Beach Games
2008


Stephen Chao (born August 9, 1955) is an American internet entrepreneur, television producer, and media executive. He has worked as the president of Fox Television, an independent television producer, president of USA Network, and co-founder of WonderHowTo.com.

Background
Stephen Chao was born to a Chinese American family, and raised in Ann Arbor, Michigan, moving to New Hampshire when he was eight years old. His maternal grandfather was a prominent official in pre-revolutionary China, once serving as the nation's economic minister to the United States. Chao is the nephew of Zao Wou Ki, a well-known Chinese impressionist painter. Chao attended Fay School and later, the Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. He attended Harvard University where he majored in classical studies in 1977. He later went on to earn an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1981.

Career

National Enquirer
Between Harvard degrees, Chao co-wrote a Fodor's travel guide for Turkey, shoveled manure in France, and reported for the National Enquirer. He broke the story of O. J. Simpson's budding romance with Nicole Brown and tracked UFO sightings throughout South America for three months.

Fox Television

Upon graduation, Chao developed an interest in movies. Multiple rejections by the studios led him to New York, working in finance for movie producer Dino De Laurentiis. In 1983, Chao was hired as the Vice President of Acquisitions and Corporate Development for Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. Two years later, Murdoch purchased the 20th Century Fox film company. Looking to expand the studio into television, he asked Chao to become a part of the creative team for the nascent Fox Television network, which was formerly operated by MetroMedia.

Chao's new position was under Fox President Barry Diller. His duties were to develop innovative, low-cost shows for the owned and operated station group. The most talked about controversy surrounding the two individuals occurred when Diller became so enraged with Chao that he hurled a 3/4-inch videocassette tape across the room, denting the wall. Chao framed the dent, convincing Diller years later to autograph it. Despite their conflicts, the controversial 'reality' formats they launched remained on the network for more than two decades.

Chao's first success was a concept that had been in his head for years after seeing the "Most Wanted" poster in the post office. Chao's original pitch was to marry High Noon with the 10 o'clock news. The concept he labeled "Electronic Lynching" became the television show America's Most Wanted. The following year in 1987, Chao met John Langley who pitched a concept of following beat cops around Broward County, Florida. This show became Cops.

Chao was promoted to president of Fox Television Stations in 1992. In June 1992, ten weeks after taking position as president, Chao spoke at a management conference in Snowmass Village, Colorado, for Fox executives, board members and world dignitaries, including Rupert Murdoch and wife Anna Murdoch, and former United States Secretary of Defense (and future Vice President) Dick Cheney and wife Lynne Cheney. He spoke on "The Threat to Democratic Capitalism Posed by Modern Culture". Strongly emphasising that American television programs tend to be less critical of violence than nudity and sexuality, Chao hired local waiter-model Marco Iacovelli to strip naked during his speech to illustrate his point about censorship – perhaps, nudity was less anti-social as opposed to violence and murder. Not at all amused, Murdoch fired Chao immediately afterwards.

McDonald's

After being fired, Chao took the opportunity to work at a McDonald's restaurant in Redondo Beach. For six weeks, he flipped burgers, manned the fryer and cleaned the dairy machine, claiming it was the hardest job he ever had.

Production work

In 1993, Chao formed his own production company, Stephen Chao Incorporated, creating and producing programs for ABC, CBS, NBC, Columbia TriStar Television, Universal Television and Nickelodeon. In partnership with Venezuelan media company, Cisneros Television Group, Chao launched multiple channels, including Playboy TV Latin America and the 24-hour animation channel, Locomotion. Chao also produced David Blaine's first television special, Street Magic.

USA Network

In February 1998, Barry Diller purchased USA Network and the Sci Fi Channel from Universal Studios, hiring Chao in April as president of programming and marketing, working with such shows as the WWF, La Femme Nikita, Highlander: The Series, Baywatch and the Jerry Springer Show. He was also responsible for the dramedy Monk. At the time he paid a record amount to buy the script from ABC, which had placed the project in turnaround. On March 23, 2000, Chao was promoted to president of USA Cable, where he supervised all cable services. During his tenure, USA Network aired the second most watched original mini-series in basic cable history, Attila, and the hit original movies All-American Girl: The Mary Kay LeTourneau Story and Cabin by the Lake. During Chao's tenure, the SciFi Channel emerged as the largest provider of event mini-series in primetime launching the six-hour mini-series, Frank Herbert's Dune, Steven Spielberg's 20-hour mini-series Taken and Crossing Over with John Edward. Chao resigned as president of USA Cable on November 5, 2001.

WonderHowTo
In 2006, Stephen Chao and Mike Goedecke founded WonderHowTo.com in Santa Monica, California. With backing from Cambridge, Massachusetts-based General Catalyst Partners, WonderHowTo.com launched in January 2008. As of January 2018, WonderHowTo had more than 13 million monthly uniques.

References

External links
 YouTube: How to Interview Stephan Chao Video
 Finding Dulcinea Interview: Stephen Chao

1955 births
Living people
American computer businesspeople
American media executives
America's Most Wanted
American technology chief executives
American people of Chinese descent
Fox Broadcasting Company executives
Harvard Business School alumni
Harvard College alumni
Businesspeople from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Fay School alumni
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Television producers from Michigan


Johann Baptist Strauss may refer to:

 Johann Strauss I (1804–1849),  Austrian Romantic composer
 Johann Strauss II (1825–1899), his son, Austrian composer of light music


Variational transition-state theory is a refinement of transition-state theory.  When using transition-state theory to estimate a chemical reaction rate, the dividing surface is taken to be a surface that intersects a first-order saddle point and is also perpendicular to the reaction coordinate in all other dimensions.  When using variational transition-state theory, the position of the dividing surface between reactant and product regions is variationally optimized to minimize the reaction rate.  This minimizes the effects of recrossing, and gives a much more accurate result.

References

Chemical kinetics


Charang (Tsarang) is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 682 people living in 130 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Chhonhup  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1047 people living in 192 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


August Harris Fisher (October 21, 1885 – April 8, 1972) was a Major League Baseball catcher who played in   and  with the Cleveland Naps and the New York Highlanders. He batted left and threw right-handed. Fisher had a .254 career batting average.

He was born in Pottsboro, Texas and died in Portland, Oregon.

External links

1885 births
1972 deaths
Major League Baseball catchers
Baseball players from Texas
New York Highlanders players
Cleveland Naps players
Minor league baseball managers
Waco Navigators players
Zanesville Infants players
Portland Beavers players
Sacramento Senators players
Spokane Indians players
Oklahoma City Indians players


Chhoser (also known as Garphu)  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 728 people living in 168 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


"Keep It Between the Lines" is a song written by Russell Smith and Kathy Louvin, and recorded by American country music singer Ricky Van Shelton. It was released in July 1991 as the second single from his fourth studio album Backroads, and was the tenth and final No. 1 single of his career.

Music video
The music video was directed and produced by Deaton Flanigen and premiered in mid-1991.

Chart positions

Year-end charts

References

1991 singles
Ricky Van Shelton songs
Music videos directed by Deaton-Flanigen Productions
Songs written by Russell Smith (singer)
Song recordings produced by Steve Buckingham (record producer)
Columbia Nashville Records singles
1991 songs


Chhusang  (Thsug in Tibetan) is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. It is located on the Upper Mustang trekking route, between Tangbe and Chele, about an hour's walk north of Tangbe. It lies at the junction of the Narshing river and the Kali Gandaki.

It is surrounded by gigantic red, orange and silver gray cliffs spotted with cave dwellings. The village consists of three different hamlets: north of the Narshing river is Tangma, to the south of it is Braga, and west of Braga, towards the Kali Gandaki, is Cikyab. It is an active farming community.

Demography
At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 860 people living in 195 individual households.

Religion and culture
In the high cliffs on the west side of the Kali Gandhi river, is an extensive area of caves called Thagsing Grangma. To the south of these is an abandoned nunnery called Gompa Gang, the “Convent Ridge”.

Galleries

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Dhami, Nepal  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 850 people living in 158 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Jan Ernst Abraham Volschenk (20 August 1853 Riversdale - 22 January 1936 Riversdale), was a South African painter, noted for his majestic landscapes of the Langeberg Range in the Western Cape Province.

Born of Dutch parents on the farm Melkhoutskraal, Volschenk started painting when still a child and was largely self-taught. James Reitz, the Government Land Surveyor, saw some of his drawings and suggested that his brother Gysbert, a Riversdale lawyer, take an interest. He eventually joined the firm of Reitz & Versfeld as a bookkeeper. At 51 years of age he gave up his office job and devoted all his time to his oils and canvases. His home district around Riversdale and the Langeberg, was his inspiration and subject matter, and he became a master of the subtle colours and tones of the Karoo mountains.

Volschenk's keen powers of observation spilled over into natural history - he amassed a collection of more than 4 000 beetle specimens.

When 45 years old, Volschenk married another Riversdale resident, Helen Smalberger, and they produced a family of nine daughters. Of these, Vera, the eldest, followed in her father's footsteps and painted in the same genre.

Timeline
1879 Exhibits four works in Cape Town
1893 Accompanies the Reitz family to Europe and is inspired by the art galleries
1894 Joins the South African Drawing Club and exhibits with them
1899 Marries Helen Smalberger of Riversdale
1904 Gives up office work and devotes full attention to painting
1936 Suffers a stroke and dies in Riversdale

Public art collections
South African National Gallery, Cape Town
Johannesburg Art Gallery
Pretoria Art Museum
Durban Art Gallery
William Humphreys Gallery, Kimberley
AC White Gallery, Bloemfontein
Albany Museum, Grahamstown

References

1853 births
1936 deaths
Cape Colony artists
Afrikaner people
South African people of Dutch descent
19th-century South African painters
South African male painters
19th-century male artists
20th-century South African painters
20th-century male artists


Jhong  is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 450 people living in 91 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District

Populated places in Mustang District


Johann Joseph Thalherr (or Talherr), also known as  or  (1730 – 16 October 1801), was an Austrian architect.

Thalherr was born in Fulnek, Moravia (now Czech Republic).  He studied architecture in Vienna and, after graduation, worked there as court architect, under the direction of  Isidore Canevale.

In 1782 he moved to Buda and worked as chamber-architect, being promoted chief of the Hungarian Direction of Constructions, and remained there until his death. He is one of the main representatives of the Palladian revival in Central Europe. His constructions can be found in Budapest, Bratislava, Győr and several other Hungarian cities.

Main works

Silk factory (Filatorium), Budapest, 1785
The Catholic Church in Szekszárd (1794)
St. Joseph church, Budapest, 1798

References

Budapest churches: Józsefvárosi templom (church of Józsefváros)
Farbaky Péter - Templomok, egyházi épületek
Józsefvárosi pébániatemplom
Tallherr József – Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon 1000-1990
Thalherr, Joseph
Szekszárd katolikus templomai
To the manor born

1730 births
1801 deaths
People from Fulnek
18th-century Austrian people
Czech Baroque architects
Hungarian Baroque architects
Hungarian people of Czech descent
People from Austria-Hungary
Moravian-German people


Kaj is a given name of unknown origin, particularly common in the Nordic countries, loaned from the Continent. It might be derived from Frisian Kaye (hen) or Latin Caius. In Denmark and Norway, the name is predominantly male, while in Sweden and Finland, the name is unisex (with the female name possibly having a different origin).

Notable persons with the given name include:

Given name
 Kaj Arnö (born 1963),  Finland-Swedish IT-entrepreneur
 Kaj Birket-Smith (1893–1977), Danish philologist and anthropologist
 Kaj Birksted (1915–1996), Danish fighter pilot
 Kaj Björk (born 1918), Swedish Social Democratic politician
 Kaj Busch (21st century), Australian television presenter
 Kaj Christiansen (1921–2008), Danish football forward
 Kaj Chydenius (born 1939), Finnish composer
 Kaj Czarnecki (born 1936), Finnish Olympic fencer
 Kaj Franck (1911–1989), Finnish designer
 Kaj Frederiksen (1916–1991), Danish boxer
 Kaj Gnudtzmann (1880–1948), Danish gymnast
 Kaj Aksel Hansen (1917–1987), Danish footballer
 Kaj Hansen (footballer born 1940) (1940–2009), Danish footballer
 Kaj Hasselriis (born 1974), Canadian journalist
 Kaj Ikast (1935–2020), Danish politician
 Niels Kaj Jerne (1911–1994), Danish immunologist
 Kaj Leo Johannesen (born 1964), Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
 Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang (1896–1959), Danish scientist
 Kaj Munk (1898–1944), Danish playwright
 Kaj Poulsen (born 1942), Danish footballer in the striker position
 Kaj Ramsteijn (born 1990), Dutch footballer
 Kaj Schmidt (born 1926), Danish Olympic sprint canoer who competed in the early 1960s
 Kaj Skagen (born 1949), Norwegian writer
 Kaj Stenvall (born 1951), Finnish artist
 Kaj Aage Gunnar Strand (1907–2000), Danish astronomer
 Kaj Sylvan (born 1923), Danish Olympic sprint canoer who competed in the late 1950s
 Kaj Uldaler (1906–1987), Danish amateur football player

Surname

 András Kaj (born 1977), Hungarian footballer
 Kølig Kaj (born 1971), Danish rapper
Kaja (name)

Danish masculine given names
Masculine given names