James John Skinner (24 July 1923 – 21 October 2008) was an Irish-born Zambian politician and jurist. He was the first Minister of Justice of independent Zambia and the only White member of Zambia's first cabinet. Following his time as a Zambian jurist, Skinner moved to neighbouring Malawi, where he was Chief Justice of Malawi from 1970 to 1985. His final judicial appointment was as a Social Security Commissioner in England from 1986 to 1996.

Family

Skinner came from a family steeped in the law. His grandfather, James G. Skinner, was a solicitor in Mitchelstown, County Cork. His father William Skinner was also a solicitor and was appointed the County Registrar for Tipperary. His uncle, Leo Skinner, a solicitor, was also an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and was elected (1943 and 1944) to Dáil Éireann as a TD for the Cork North constituency and was appointed a District Court judge in 1966. His cousin, Geraldine Skinner, a barrister, became the legal adviser in the Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin and subsequently the Irish Ambassador to Luxembourg.

Early life

Skinner was born in July 1923 in Clonmel, Irish Free State, to WJ Skinner, and Kathleen O'Donnell. He attended Clongowes Wood College prior to attending Trinity College Dublin. Following studying at Trinity College, Skinner was called to the King's Inns in 1946 and to the English Bar at Gray's Inn in 1950. He practised in the Leinster Circuit from 1946 to 1951.

Emigration to Northern Rhodesia and entrance to politics

In 1951, Skinner emigrated to Northern Rhodesia. He was called to the Bar of Northern Rhodesia in 1951. A defender of African rights, Skinner joined the mainly African United National Independence Party (UNIP) in 1960 and quickly became the party's legal advisor. Ostracized by most White residents of the colony, Skinner lost in his bid for a seat in the pre-independence parliament in the 1962 general election. Two years later in the first election following independence, he was elected to represent a constituency of Lusaka. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in Northern Rhodesia on 9 September 1964. In 1965, he was honoured with the Grand Commander of Order of Menelik II award from Ethiopia, recognising his contributions to Zambia's independence. Skinner was a member of the first cabinet and the Attorney General of Zambia from independence until 1967, when he was appointed Justice Minister. In March 1969, he was appointed Chief Justice of Zambia.

Resignation

Skinner did not last long in his position as Chief Justice in Zambia. He resigned six months later in September 1969 following a clash with President Kenneth Kaunda over the sentencing of Portuguese soldiers from neighbouring Angola. The soldiers were caught on the Zambian side of the Angolan-Zambian border and were arrested. A fellow expatriate jurist, Ifor Evan, concluded the original arrest of the soldiers was "trivial" and dismissed the charges. When the issue was appealed to Skinner, he upheld Evan’s judgment. Kaunda, a long time friend of Skinner, attacked the White-dominated court for siding with the soldiers. Supporters of Kaunda stormed the court building following the ruling, attacking the Whites inside. Kaunda quickly apologised, but Evan and Skinner fled the country, with Skinner going on "indefinite sick leave". A month later, he was replaced on the court by Brian Doyle, a fellow White Zambian.

Malawi, judicial appointment in England and return to Ireland

Skinner became the Chief Justice of Malawi in 1970 under Hastings Banda, lasting in that position until 1985. In that year, Skinner returned to England, where he was appointed a Social Security and Child Support Commissioner by the Lord Chancellor. The work involved the determination of complex appeals on points of law often by unrepresented and disadvantaged claimants. He was adept in giving written judgments which were clear in law but in simple language that could be understood by claimants. He retired at the statutory retirement age for judges (72) and spent his remaining years with his wife and five children. He died in October 2008 at the age of 85 and his ashes were finally buried in Clonmel in Ireland, the country of his birth.

Quotations

"I had not liked the social or racial atmosphere of the [colonial] time and reacted against it."

"...such independence [of the judiciary] implies freedom from interference by the Executive or Legislative with the exercise of the judicial function, but it does not mean that the judge is entitled to act in an arbitrary manner."

"The people must know that when they go to court they will receive justice, and that all citizens are equal before the Courts regardless of their tribe, race or political opinions."

"It would be a sad day for Zambia if legal representation were denied to any member of the community. Anyone in the state who tried to stop free or effective representation would be striking a blow against social progress and orderly society, for the law is the instrument which ensures the attainment of both."

"The constitution of the Republic provides that every person charged with a criminal offence shall be permitted to defend himself before the court in person, or at his own expense, by a legal representative of his own choice. The right which is guaranteed in our fundamental law has for a long time been recognized to be of great importance to the maintenance of the freedom of the individual in many countries having a similar jurisprudence to our own."

"…I never regarded the judiciary as a caste apart; its members must share the hopes and aspirations of the nation. However, this does not mean that judges should decide cases or impose sentences in such a way as to please public opinion or the Government. They must decide them in accordance with the facts before them and the law. It is only in this manner that an accused person can be guaranteed a fair and impartial trial before an unbiased judge free from the domination of public opinion…."

"…It is one of the functions of the judiciary to criticize the actions of the Executive or its individual servants when the need arises. If that right is to be denied then the courts can no longer effectively carry out their duties."

"Confidence in the Judiciary is a delicate bloom in Africa and I am not going to risk destroying its growth in Zambia."

References

1923 births
2008 deaths
People educated at Clongowes Wood College
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Members of Gray's Inn
20th-century King's Counsel
Politicians from County Tipperary
20th-century Zambian judges
20th-century Malawian judges
Chief justices of Malawi
Chief justices of Zambia
United National Independence Party politicians
White Zambian people
Malawian politicians
Zambian emigrants to Malawi
Malawian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Attorneys-General of Zambia
Members of the National Assembly of Zambia
Members of the Legislative Council of Northern Rhodesia
Justice Ministers of Zambia
Alumni of King's Inns
Irish emigrants to Zambia
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Ethiopia
People from Clonmel
20th-century Irish lawyers


Falcon Express may refer to:

Falcon Express Cargo Airlines, a cargo airline based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Falcon Air Express, an airline based in Miami, Florida, US


A ravine is a landform.

Ravine may also refer to:

 Ravine, Pennsylvania, U.S., a census-designated place
 Ravine, a locality in Yellowhead County, Alberta, Canada
 The Ravine, a 1969 film by Paolo Cavara
 The Ravine (novel), a 2008 novel by Paul Quarrington
 "Ravine", a song by Ace of Base from The Bridge, 1995

See also

 Ravinia (disambiguation)


Alexander McMicken (27 August 1837 – 30 July 1916) was the sixth Mayor of Winnipeg in 1883.

After moving to Winnipeg in 1871, he established a banking career and the following year established a bank in his own name. After serving in two city council terms, he became as Mayor following the 1882 election.

He once lived at the J.C. Falls House at Roslyn Road, designated today as a historic building. McMicken Street in Winnipeg is named in his honour.

References

External links
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1837 births
1916 deaths
Manitoba Liberal Party MLAs
Mayors of Winnipeg
People from the County of Brant


Phone tag is a phenomenon in which two parties attempt to contact each other by telephone, but neither is able to get a hold of the other for a conversation. Both parties may leave a message on the answering machine or voicemail of the other, and request a call back. This continues for a period of time, often with the two parties exchanging attempts to have a real-time conversation. The name derives from the playground game tag, where players chase one another in turn.

Phone tag became common in the 1980s with the advent of messaging technologies and caller ID. It was seen as having advantages in that people could leave and receive messages at their convenience rather than having to find a common time with the other party to have a conversation.

Phone tag, like later messaging inventions such as text messaging via SMS and WhatsApp, facilitates selectivity in communications.

Nowadays, emerging technologies can convert voice messages into text form, making it easier to check voicemail and get a message across.

See also

 Prank call
 Robocall
Telephone game

References

Telephony


The Second Federal Electoral District of Colima (II Distrito Electoral Federal de Colima) is one of the 300 Electoral Districts into which Mexico is divided for the purpose of elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of two such districts in the state of Colima.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period, by means of the first past the post system.

District territory
Under the 2005 districting scheme, the Second  District of Colima covers the municipalities in the south  and west part of the state: Armería, Manzanillo, Minatitlán and Tecomán.

The district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and collated, is the city of Manzanillo.

Previous districting schemes

1996–2005 district
Between 1996 and 2005, the district had the same composition as at present, with the exception that it also covered Ixtlahuacán, which was transferred to the First District in 2005.

Deputies returned to Congress from this district

LI Legislature
 1976–1979: Fernando Moreno Peña (PRI)
LI Legislature
 1979–1982: Arnoldo Ochoa González (PRI)
LII Legislature
 1982–1985:
LIII Legislature
 1985–1988:
LIV Legislature
 1988–1991: Juan Mesina Alatorre (PRI)
LV Legislature
 1991–1994:
LVI Legislature
 1994–1997: Cecilio Lepe Bautista (PRI)
LVII Legislature
 1997–2000: Librado Silva García (PRI)
LVIII Legislature
 2000–2003: Roberto Preciado Cuevas (PRI)
LIX Legislature
 2003–2006: Rogelio Rueda Sánchez (PRI)
LX Legislature
 2006–2009: Nabor Ochoa López (PAN)

References

Federal electoral districts of Mexico
Politics of Colima


The Last Days of the Late, Great State of California is a novel by Curt Gentry, published in 1968 by G.P. Putnam's Sons. The novel incorporates an extensive essay on the history and culture of California from the vantage point of a future date when the state has disappeared.

Plot synopsis
The novel describes, in retrospect, the history and culture of California from its earliest days, and its influence on the rest of the United States and the world when - after an unspecified date in 1969 - the state suffers a Richter magnitude 9 earthquake and the populous coastal regions west of the San Andreas Fault sink into the Pacific Ocean. This is in accordance with a fictional prediction by the real life psychic Edgar Cayce.

The catastrophic quake itself is covered in the penultimate chapter of the novel.  The quake is described as starting on the San Andreas Fault north of Point Arena, California and continuing southward as a large rupture, until it stops near Taft, California.  Pausing for moments, a second larger quake resumes, continuing southward through the Los Angeles, California area, and into the Salton Sea, where the rupture turns towards San Diego, California along a previously unknown fault line, and back into the Pacific Ocean where the quake ends.  As the quake progresses, various events (both large and small scale) are described in detail.  After the event, the narrative switches to "present tense" news radio and television coverage of the event using a literary convention of "changing the dial / channel" from one news report to another, to cover the disaster:  The Central Valley is inundated by the sea; the Embarcadero Freeway and Coit Tower have collapsed, along with the Oakland Bay Bridge.  The Golden Gate Bridge remains standing initially.  Los Angeles is in ruins.  As this narrative closes, two more disasters occur nearly simultaneously:  The Oroville Dam bursts, and in the twilight of the day, a passenger jet over San Bernardino is pulled out of the sky by turbulence, as the pilot tries to describe the sight of the San Andreas Fault splitting open in the dusk (and, as is made clear in the final chapter, the pilot was witnessing Southern California slide into the sea).

The novel's epilogue lists what the world must now do without, due to this event, especially the large percentage of agricultural products that come from California. The bulk of the novel consists of the description of three regions: The north, The Central Valley, and the south. An account of the 1966 California governor's electoral campaign is central to the narrative.

Also discussed in detail are the 1965 Watts riots, in detail gleaned from then-recent news reports.

Reception
As a result of its publication, some religious believers in the Los Angeles region decided to move away, in fear of its fictional events actually occurring. The turmoil surrounding the book's publication became known as the "Great California Earthquake Scare".

References
Life (magazine), Nov 15, 1968, book review by David Snell, p. 32d
California Earthquakes: Science, Risk, &  the Politics of hazard Mitigation, Carl-Henry Geschwind. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008, , p. 161

1968 American novels
Novels set in California
History of California
Books about California
American alternate history novels
Novels about natural disasters


Pavillon may refer to:

 Le Pavillon Hotel, New Orleans
 Le Pavillon (New York City restaurant), a former New York City restaurant
 Pavillon de Flore, a section of the Palais du Louvre in Paris, France
 Pavillon de Paris, a large concert space in Paris, France
 Pavillon de l'Arsenal, a center for urban planning and museum in Paris, France
 Pavillon de la Jeunesse, an indoor arena in Quebec City, Quebec
 Pavillon des sports Modibo Keita, an indoor sporting arena in Bamako, Mali
 Le Pavillon-Sainte-Julie, a commune in the Aube department in north-central France
 Pavillon de l’Horloge, a structure by architect Jacques Lemercier

People with the surname
 Étienne Pavillon, French lawyer and poet
 Nicolas Pavillon, French bishop of Alet and Jansenist

See also
 Pavilion (disambiguation)


USS Wannalancet (YTB-385), projected as YT-385, later YTM-385, was a United States Navy harbor tug in commission from 1944 to 1946.

Wannalancet was launched as a harbor tug designated YT-385 on 12 January 1944 by Ira S. Bushey and Sons at Brooklyn, New York. Her class of tugs was reclassified as large harbor tugs and given "YTB" hull classifications before she was completed, and she was designated YTB-385 by the time she was completed in May 1944.

Assigned to Service Force, United States Pacific Fleet, soon thereafter, Wannalancet operated in support of the fleet during World War II.

Wannalancet was placed in reserve in March 1946 at San Diego, California. She was reclassified as a medium harbor tug and redesignated YTM-385 in February 1962 while in reserve.

Wannalancet was transferred, on loan, to Venezuela in January 1963. Renamed Fabrio Gallipoli (R-14), she served with the Venezuelan Navy until the late 1970s. She was slated for sale as of November 1978.

References

Tugs of the United States Navy
Ships built in Brooklyn
1944 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States


The Mansfield Training School and Hospital was a state school for people with developmental disabilities located in Mansfield, Connecticut, United States. It was active from 1860 to 1993.  Its former campus, located at the junction of Connecticut Route 32 and United States Route 44 in Mansfield is a  historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

History
The hospital opened in Lakeville in 1860 as the Connecticut School for Imbeciles at Lakeville. Its name was changed to the Connecticut Training School for the Feebleminded at Lakeville in 1915. Two years later, it merged with the Connecticut Colony for Epileptics (founded at Mansfield in 1910) and acquired its present name.

When it opened in 1917, the merged institution had 402 students in residence. By 1932, the resident population had grown to 1,070. During the Depression and World War II, demand for its services increased, resulting in both overcrowding and long waiting lists for new enrollments. The institution was also hit hard by the Spanish Influenza epidemic of 1918/1919, around 200 out of 300 patients contracted the Spanish Flu. 30 would die and all care would be placed onto one doctor, Dr. LaMoure, and one nurse. Staffing levels increased during the 1960s as philosophies on the treatment of mental disability changed, and there were 1,609 residents and 875 full-time staff as of 1969. During the 1970s and 1980s, many residents were relocated from dormitories to on-campus cottages or to group homes located around the state. By 1976 the resident population had dropped to 1,106, and by 1991 just 141 people remained as residents.

In 1993, after numerous lawsuits concerning the conditions of the hospital, Mansfield Training School was closed and its patients sent to outpatient facilities and other institutions. After the closure, some dilapidated buildings were demolished. Other buildings were split between the Bergin Correctional Institution and the University of Connecticut.

Abuse
The school has had a number of abuse and mistreatment allegations, Glady Burr, for example, filed a lawsuit in 1979 for $125 million because of the abuse she faced. She claimed denial of civil rights as well as being used to slavery. She was also wrongfully committed to the facility, her mother did not want to care for her and had tests on her mental state manipulated. She was awarded $235K.
The 1978 lawsuit Conn. CARC v. Thorne  alleged unconstitutional treatment of patients. This included subpar living conditions, care quality, and residential placement. The state of Connecticut would continue investigation into the 90s when they found DNR (do not resuscitate) labels being inappropriately placed on patients. This would lead the downfall of the institution. Residents would be moved to community-oriented homes, representing a new approach to the treatment of disabled people emerging. There was a shift towards placing disabled people into the community, instead of outcasting them around this time.
The institution utilized "treatment" now understood as cruel, such as straightjacket and lobotomies. There are also, of course, local rumors about the facility from hauntings to other abuse of patients.

Historic district
The "Mansfield Training School and Hospital" was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.  The listed area was  and included 53 contributing buildings and seven non-contributing buildings. The majority of the contributing buildings were institutional buildings built between 1914 and 1930, all designed by the same architectural firm. Also, the district included a farm that was operated beginning in 1909. The farm supplied the institution with most of its food and provided occupational therapy for people with epilepsy, as farm labor was deemed to prevent epileptic seizures. Children housed in the
institution hand-molded the concrete blocks used to construct barns on the farm property.

The caretaker's residence was featured on the SyFy channel's Paranormal Witness on September 28, 2011, as a location of alleged paranormal activity.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Tolland County, Connecticut

References

Hospital buildings completed in 1860
Government buildings completed in 1860
Mansfield, Connecticut
Psychiatric hospitals in Connecticut
Hospitals established in 1860
Defunct hospitals in Connecticut
Buildings and structures in Tolland County, Connecticut
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
Greek Revival architecture in Connecticut
Victorian architecture in Connecticut
Historic districts in Tolland County, Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in Tolland County, Connecticut
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
1860 establishments in Connecticut
University of Connecticut


Pinnacle Plaza (荣祥广场) is a shopping complex located in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China. It is located nearby to several housing complexes including River Garden, Yosemite, Capital Paradise and Eurovilla.It houses several restaurants including a Burger King, Starbucks and Dominoes Pizza.
It is also located close to the International School of Beijing and the British School of Beijing, which follows the British curriculum and is one of the most international schools in Beijing. Pinnacle Plaza is a Place where the expats living in Beijing usually are because of the foreign supermarket and proximity to housing complexes near Pinnacle Plaza.

External links
 https://www.thebeijinger.com/directory/pinnacle-plaza

Shopping malls in Beijing
Shunyi District


Hassett is an Irish surname and may refer to:

People
 Betsy Hassett (born 1990), New Zealand association football player
 Billy Hassett (1921–1992), American basketball player
 Brenna Hassett, American British bioarchaeologist
 Buddy Hassett (1911–1997), American baseball player
 Francis Hassett, Australian general
 Gavin Hassett (born 1973), Canadian rower
 Joe Hassett (born 1955), American basketball player
 John Hassett (disambiguation)
 Kevin Hassett (born 1962), American economist and Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
 Liam Hassett (born 1975), Irish footballer
 Lindsay Hassett (1913–1993), Australian cricketer
 Marilyn Hassett (born 1947), American screen and television actress
 Matt Hassett (born 1932), Irish sportsperson and lawyer
 Thomas Hassett, escaped prisoner during the Catalpa rescue
 Scott Hassett

Other uses
 Hassett, Nova Scotia, Canada

See also
 Haskett, a surname
Hasset, California


Buddy Ryan "Bud" Hollowell (January 1, 1943 – May 16, 2014) was an American professional baseball player and minor league manager. After his athletic career, he became an educator and author.

Athletic career
Hollowell was born and raised in Long Beach, California where he was a multi-sport standout at Long Beach Polytechnic High School. He was the quarterback on the 1959 and 1960 Polytechnic football teams that went 22–0–1 and claimed two California Interscholastic Federation titles. Afterwards, he enrolled at the University of Southern California and played for the USC Trojans baseball team as a catcher, helping them reach the finals of the 1963 College World Series, where they defeated the Arizona Wildcats baseball team to claim the national championship. He was named the 1963 College World Series Most Outstanding Player, hitting for a .350 batting average and setting a home run record that still stands, although it has since been tied by several players. Hollowell also represented the United States in baseball at the 1964 Summer Olympics as a demonstration sport in Tokyo.

Hollowell played for the Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks of the Alaska Baseball League in 1964, hitting .316 with 14 homer runs and 71 RBI for them and winning the team's MVP award. While playing for the Goldpanners, he would be the catcher for future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher, Tom Seaver. He later coached for them in 1975, 1983 and 1997.

From 1965 to 1969 he played professionally in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization, although he never reached the major leagues. In 1965 he played for the Santa Barbara Dodgers and Pocatello Chiefs, hitting a combined .271 with 11 home runs. He played for Santa Barbara again in 1966, hitting .256 with 12 home runs. In 1967, he played for Santa Barbara once more, hitting .279 with 14 home runs and 68 RBI. He played for the Albuquerque Dodgers in 1968, hitting .270 with 11 home runs and 54 RBI. In 1969, his final professional season, he again played for Albuquerque, hitting .291 with three home runs and 21 RBI.

From 1970 to 1971, he served as the manager of the Ogden Dodgers. He led them to a second-place finish in 1970 and a sixth-place finish in 1971. 1970 was the first year that they were not league champions.

Educator and author
After his athletic career, he obtained a Ph.D., master of arts and bachelor of science in physical education from the University of Southern California. He taught for the University of Phoenix, where he was awarded Outstanding Professor of the Year three different times. He also served as the Area Chair of Philosophy & World Comparative Religions. Hollowell later served on the faculty of the American Military University where he taught undergraduate courses in management — sports medicine and sports & drugs. Other outstanding accomplishments include receiving Honorable Mention as an Outstanding Philosopher of the 20th Century, and a Peace and Freedom Citation from the State of Alaska for assisting Chinese students and dissidents escaping persecution after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. He is also co-founder of One World Insight, a nonprofit community organization dedicated to conscious aging for the purpose of becoming whole, not old.

Hollowell authored two books, The Eternal Dance, which discusses religion and spirituality and,The Quantum Gateway: At the intersection of Religion and Science. He had the honor of the Dalai Lama reading excerpts from The Eternal Dance in a daily teaching at the Temple in Dharamsala, India. He died in Lakeland, Florida, on May 16, 2014, due to prostate cancer.

References

External links

1943 births
2014 deaths
Baseball players from Long Beach, California
Albuquerque Dodgers players
All-American college baseball players
American male writers
20th-century American psychologists
Arizona Instructional League Dodgers players
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Deaths from prostate cancer
College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award winners
Minor league baseball managers
Olympic baseball players for the United States
Pocatello Chiefs players
Santa Barbara Dodgers players
USC Trojans baseball players
University of Phoenix faculty
Writers from Long Beach, California
Baseball players at the 1964 Summer Olympics


The Danbury Westerners are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Danbury, Connecticut. The team, a member of the New England Collegiate Baseball League, plays their home games at Rogers Park. The team played its inaugural season in 1995. The Danbury Westerners are the oldest active team in the NECBL. The Westerners compete in the Southern Division in the NECBL.

On August 12, 2021, the Westerners finally won their first NECBL championship as they defeated the North Shore Navigators in two games.

Postseason appearances

Alumni in MLB
The Danbury Westerners have had 29 former players make it into the Big Leagues since playing with them. The first being Earl Snyder with Cleveland in 2002. Mark Malaska's #15 is the only number retired by Danbury as he was the first to win a championship, which he did in 2004 with Boston.

Bold denotes player is still active in MLB.

See also
 New England Collegiate Baseball League

References

External links
 Danbury Westerners Official Site
 NECBL Website

Danbury, Connecticut
New England Collegiate Baseball League teams
Amateur baseball teams in Connecticut
Baseball teams in the New York metropolitan area
1995 establishments in Connecticut
Baseball teams established in 1995
Sports in Fairfield County, Connecticut


Wannalancet may refer to:

A variant spelling of Wonalancet (ca. 1619-1697), a Native American leader
USS Wannlancet (YTB-385), a United States Navy harbor tug in commission from 1944 to 1946

See also
Wanaloset (disambiguation)


The Marietta City School District is the school district which operates the public schools in Marietta, Georgia, United States.  It is the only city government  in Cobb County which operates its schools separately from the Cobb County School District.

Founded in 1892, classes began that year on Labor Day at four schools.  It now consists of one high school, a middle school, a sixth grade academy and several neighborhood elementary schools.

Board of education

The following are the parts of the City Of Marietta Government Schools Department Board of Education

Jeff DeJarnett (ward 1)
Jason Waters (Board Vice Chair and ward 2)
A.B. Almy (ward 3)
Jailene Hunter (ward 4)
Angela Orange (ward 5)
Kerry Minervini (Board Chair and ward 6)
Irene Berens (ward 7)

Schools

Elementary schools
 A.L. Burruss Elementary School
 Dunleith Elementary School
 Hickory Hills Elementary School
Lockheed Elementary School
 Marietta Center for Advanced Academics
 Park Street Elementary School
 Sawyer Road Elementary School
 West Side Elementary School

Middle schools
 Marietta Middle School (grades 7-8)
 Marietta Sixth-Grade Academy

High school
 Marietta High School
 College and Career Academy
 Woods Wilkins Campus
 Blended Learning Program
 Marietta Performance Learning Center
 Marietta Evening School
 Marietta Alternative Programs and Services (MAPS) program

Other Schools
Early Learning Center
Emily Lembeck Early Learning Center

References

External links
 Marietta City School District

School districts in Georgia (U.S. state)
Education in Cobb County, Georgia
School districts established in 1892
1892 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)


Louis-Étienne de Thouvenin (1791–1882) was a French Army general. He invented the carabine à tige ("stem rifle"  or "pillar breech rifle"), based on a method by which muzzle-loading rifles could be easily and effectively loaded.

Notes

19th-century French inventors
French generals
1791 births
1882 deaths


Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) (in ) is a comprehensive science policy research center directly attached to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran which was approved and ratified by Revolutionary Council of Iran in 1980. IROST is the biggest research center in Iran and is particularly engaged in development of strategies, policies, R&D systems, management, foresight and evaluation of related Science and Technology (S&T) development and S&T for economic progress.

IROST has made advances in providing alternative sources of energy, namely solar energy, biodiesel from microalgae and bi-ethanol from agricultural waste. IROST has also made progress in pharmacological fields.

IROST undertakes commissioned research with International Organizations such as,

 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
 Organisation of Islamic Conference Standing Committee on Scientific & Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH)
 Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS)
 Third World Academy of Science (TWAS)
 Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)
 International Federation of Inventors' Associations (IFIA)
 Asian Pacific Center for Transfer of Technology (APCTT)
 Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC)

International Journals
 Advances in Environmental Technology
 Hydrogen, Fuel Cell & Energy Storage
 Innovative Food Technologies
 Journal of Particle Science and Technology
 Journal of Technology Development Management
 Microbiology, Metabolites and Biotechnology

See also
Science and technology in Iran
Intellectual property in Iran

References

External links

Science and technology in Iran
Scientific organisations based in Iran


The Ogoni languages, or Kegboid languages, are the five languages of the Ogoni people of Rivers State, Nigeria.

They fall into two clusters, East and West, with a limited degree of mutual intelligibility between members of each cluster. The Ogoni think of the cluster members as separate languages, however.

The classification of the Ogoni languages is as follows:
 East: Khana and Tẹẹ, with around 1,800,000 speakers between them, and Gokana, with about 250,000.
 West: Eleme, with about 90,000 speakers, and Baan, with around 50,500.

Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).

See also
List of Proto-Ogoni reconstructions (Wiktionary)

References

Blench, Roger and Kay Williamson. 2008. The Ogoni languages: comparative word list and historical reconstructions.

Cross River languages
Indigenous languages of Rivers State


Beatrice DuMont Muller (1919–2013) was an American author and long-term passenger on cruise ships. Muller was born in 1919 and raised in Somerville, New Jersey, during the Great Depression. In 1940 or 1941, she married Robert Arthur Muller, a chemical engineer, and they raised two sons in a house in Bound Brook, New Jersey. The couple went on a world cruise on the Cunard Line ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2 in 1995, the year Robert retired. As they enjoyed the experience, they returned every subsequent year for the ship's world cruise. During the 1999 world cruise, Robert died on the ship. In 10 months, Muller sold all her possessions and relocated to the Queen Elizabeth 2 to be a full-time passenger.

Muller lived on the Queen Elizabeth 2 between January 2000 and November 2008, the month the ship was moved to Dubai to become a floating hotel. She expressed interest in living on the Queen Mary 2 next, and she continued living on cruise ships until 2009. In 2010, she was living in New Jersey, where she was working on Queen Elizabeth 2: My Home In Paradise, a book she published in 2011 that described her experiences on the ship. Muller died in 2013 at age 94.

Early life
Muller was born in 1919. In 1630, her ancestors, who were Huguenots, fled France for America. She grew up in Somerville, New Jersey, during the Great Depression. Muller was a passenger saved from the SS Morro Castle when it burned and sank in 1934. In 1941 or 1942, she married Robert Arthur Muller, who worked as a chemical engineer. They had two sons, Allan (born in 1949 or 1950) and Geoffrey (born in 1955 or 1956). During the summer, the family traveled to the Maine coast or South Carolina coast to board boats and spend time at sea. For around 40 years, the Mullers lived in a Bound Brook, New Jersey, house, where their sons grew up. In total, they owned three houses, including a beach vacation home at Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina, near Myrtle Beach. In 1961, she and her husband founded a Myrtle Beach–based engineering consulting company, and in 1964, they returned to New Jersey.

A huge follower of the philosopher Meher Baba, she joined some friends who were traveling to Pune, India, at the end of the 1960s to create a Baba biographical movie, which took two years to make. Muller began an around 10-year undertaking of putting together an archive about Baba following his 1971 death. Other philosophers she followed enthusiastically were Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, George Gurdjieff, and P. D. Ouspensky.

Living on cruise ships

World cruises, husband's death, and selling of possessions
In 1995, the year her husband retired, Muller grudgingly joined him on a world cruise on the Cunard Line cruise ship Queen Elizabeth 2. Her mother-in-law, who loved going on cruises, had previously shared her experiences with Muller who expected that she would dislike cruises, saying the atmosphere sounded "snobbish and pushy, with lots of furs and fancy jewellery". But after one week on board the ship, Muller and her husband really enjoyed the experience. They boarded the ship together every subsequent year for its four-month world cruises. At each port, they would visit the city to "keep [their] land legs".

The Mullers were married for 57 years until Robert's death at 85 years old on March 25, 1999, during that year's world cruise on Queen Elizabeth 2. The couple had been on their fifth world cruise on the ship, which had recently departed from Mumbai, India, when Robert was infected with a virus. Robert had smoked three cigarette packs every day for half a century. Owing to his serious emphysema, the infection was not able to be mitigated. Although Robert could have been transported from the ship to a hospital, he preferred to stay on the ship. Beatrice remembered him saying, "No, I don't want to get off. It's my time." In his final days, Robert was accompanied by Beatrice, the ship's doctor, an Anglican priest, and the captain. While receiving care in the ship's hospital, he died, having been rescued by the ship's physician in two earlier incidents. Allan, the couple's older son, arranged to have Robert cremated when the ship docked in Southampton in England. The New York Times reported that Beatrice ended the world cruise early to return to her Bound Brook, New Jersey, house, while the Tampa Bay Times reported that in the following weeks after her husband's death, Beatrice stayed on the ship and disembarked at the world cruise's completion.

Her sons suggested that she stay on the Queen Elizabeth 2 because her friends were there. Several factors contributed to her decision to accept her sons' advice. Muller was unable to drive owing to her bad vision. She did not have any grandchildren she could indulge. A large number of her friends were not physically near her, having either died or relocated to France or to balmy Florida. Including two houses she owned in New Jersey and Maine, she sold nearly all her belongings in the following 10 months but retained her Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina, house as a rental. The sales were to fund her goal of living full-time on Queen Elizabeth 2. Upon the ship's departure from Los Angeles several weeks into her full-time living on board the ship, Beatrice and her two sons had an early morning memorial service for Robert with a chaplain, the captain, and friends, and his ashes were deposited into the water.

Living full-time on Queen Elizabeth 2
On January 5, 2000, Muller began living full-time on Queen Elizabeth 2. Constructed in 1969 for $70million, the Queen Elizabeth 2 housed 1,600 passengers and 1,000 crew. Every year, Queen Elizabeth 2 went on a 108-day world cruise. In the world cruise beginning around 2006 or 2007, it visited five continents, 25 countries, and 41 cities, and Muller said her favorite cities to visit were Auckland and Hong Kong. For a CBS News Sunday Morning story, host Charles Osgood and his team visited her on the ship in 2000 or 2001. After the story raised her profile, passengers recognized and approached her. The journalist Steve Kroft profiled her in a January 2004 60 Minutes story.

Muller lived at first in Queen Elizabeth 2s Stateroom 4068 and later in Stateroom 4062. Her room was a  interior cabin. Beside her room's desk and mirror, Muller placed pictures containing her sons, her husband, and the Indian spiritual master Meher Baba, whom she followed. The room was furnished with a color television and tiny stereo. She brought with her a laptop computer, clothes, and books. The passenger line came up with the costs for sailings in the immediate future, and Muller and a Cunard vice president discussed it every January. After she received a spreadsheet of the prices, Muller prepaid her cruises by 60 days. Following a 45 percent price reduction for using "loyalty bonuses" from having earlier gone on five world cruises, it cost Muller $4,818 per month to live on the ship in 2001. She purchased her fare using a travel agent. Michael Ellison of The Guardian observed in 2001 that if Muller had stayed in "one of Florida's finest retirement communities", she would have had to pay a monthly fee of $3,300 and an admittance charge of $375,000. The base fare covered her meal costs, and she spent additional funds on gambling, outfits, and drinks.

Muller ate meals at a table seating two people in the Mauretania restaurant, which the Tampa Bay Times called the ship's "least-plush dining experience".  The ship's doctor, captain, and hotel director frequently proposed that she join them as a guest during dinner. Crew members called her Bea, and she remembered all of their names. To occupy her time on the ship, she danced until 11:30pm with "gentlemen hosts" in the Queen's Room, the ship's ballroom. After breaking her hip in April 2003, Muller underwent a hip replacement in the United States in 2004, leading her to avoid dance styles that put more exertion on her hip. She read books in her cabin, citing the Harry Potter book series as a favorite. Muller played bridge for two to three hours daily, toured the ship, read books in the library, and went to shows and talks. She read The New York Times in the morning and contributed to her diary.

From the ship, Muller stayed connected with people and news ashore. She used email for communicating with her acquaintances and watched television and read newspapers to stay abreast of what had happened in the United States. For voting in the 2000 United States presidential election, she was sent an absentee ballot. When she was worried about cost-cutting measures such as fewer staff and food quality, she sent "letters of concern" to Micky Arison, chairman of Carnival Corporation, parent company of Cunard Line; the letters received replies. She met celebrities on the ship including Bill Cosby, Vic Damone, and Marvin Hamlisch. Around 2000, she met Nelson Mandela, who traveled on the ship when it went from Southampton to Cape Town. Regarding the downsides of being on the ship, she said in a 2001 interview that she longed for her flower garden when on board and could feel isolated, stating, "I feel close to two or three people, but not as close as if we were lifelong friends." She really enjoyed when her children or passengers she had met before came on board. When it was Thanksgiving, her family joined her on the ship. She would eat lunch with two friends based in New York every time it docked at Manhattan Cruise Terminal's Pier 90. Security measures implemented after the September 11 attacks barred her from having friends on board as guests for tea or lunch when the ship stopped at ports. The ship was placed in dry dock, typically in Germany, at two-year intervals. Whenever this happened, she stayed with her older son in Middlesex, New Jersey. Her sons oversaw her financial affairs.

Final sailing of Queen Elizabeth 2 and book
In a 2004 interview, Muller explained why she thought Queen Elizabeth 2 was extraordinary, "It's like a little baby. A little baby is a beautiful little thing, but when he grows up to be a person, he's full of his whole life, and complex. He becomes a wonder. This ship? It's a wonder." When she was 89 years old, the Queen Elizabeth 2 sailed its final time in November 2008 before becoming a hotel based in Dubai. On the ship on its last day with Cunard Line, Muller was joined by her son Allan as she observed the ship dock at the Mina Rashid cruise terminal, the British flags lowered, and the Middle Eastern purchasers formally take custody of the ship. After disembarking from Queen Elizabeth 2 for the last time, she planned to fly from the United Arab Emirates back to the United States.

After nine years of living on Queen Elizabeth 2, Muller sought a second ship to board as she wanted to remain on the ocean. Of MS Queen Victoria, Muller told The Times in a 2008 interview that the ship "is lovely but she's not built to go as far as these ocean liners—she's not as strong". She said Queen Mary 2 was "the only liner left in the world" and hoped that Queen Elizabeth 2s officers would be relocated to Queen Mary 2. She told the maritime historian William H. Miller in 2008 that she planned to take the Queen Victorias December Mediterranean cruise followed by Queen Mary 2s world cruise with a 100-day itinerary ending in April 2009. According to The New York Times, Muller remained on cruise ships until 2009.

In 2008, Muller was an "official resident" of Somerville, New Jersey, while she was still living on cruise ships. In 2010, Muller was living in New Jersey, where she was writing a book discussing her Queen Elizabeth 2 experiences. The president of Cunard had said to her, "Write your book—I'll sell it on my ship". In 2011, Muller published the book Queen Elizabeth 2: My Home In Paradise. She died in 2013 at 94 years old.

See also
Clara MacBeth

Works

References

1919 births
2013 deaths
21st-century American women writers
American women memoirists
Cunard Line
People from Bound Brook, New Jersey
People from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Writers from Somerville, New Jersey


"Spin (Everybody's Doin' It)" is a song by Australian recording artist Vanessa Amorosi. The song was released in Australia on 28 October 2002 as an Australian only single. It was the sole Australian single release from Amorosi's second studio album Change and it peaked at 34 on the ARIA charts.

Track listing

Charts

Release history

References

2002 singles
Vanessa Amorosi songs


Count It All Joy is the ninth album from American gospel music artist Susie Luchsinger. It was released on May 3, 2005 on New Haven Records.

Track listing
"Count It All Joy" (Kenna Turner West) - 3:52
"Always, Always" (Bill Aerts, Scott Lynch) - 4:29
"There's Still Hope" (Adam Wheeler) - 4:10
"Slow Dance More" (Doug Johnson, Pat Bunch) - 3:10
"What We've Been Praying For" (Brent Wilson) - 3:52
"The Bride" (Adam Wheeler, Tony Haselden) - 4:32
"Then They Do" (Jim Collins, Sunny Russ) - 4:09
"Someday I Know" (Mike Bowling) - 2:35
"Sittin' At A Red Light" (Ray Stephenson, Steve Williams, Willis R. Nance) - 4:00
"Parable of the Windmill" (John Gaither) - 3:33
"Untitled Hymn (Come to Jesus)" (Chris Rice) - 4:00

Personnel
Kelly Back - electric guitar
Lori Brooks - background vocals
Margie Cates - background vocals
Richard Dennison - background vocals
Stuart Duncan - fiddle, mandolin
James Easter - background vocals
Sonny Garrish - dobro, steel guitar
Ranger Doug Green - archguitar
David Hungate - bass guitar
Shane Keister - piano
Paul Leim - drums, percussion
Ronnie Light - background vocals
Susie Luchsinger - lead vocals
Brent Mason - electric guitar
Gordon Mote - piano
Gary Prim - piano
Bryan Sutton - acoustic guitar
Jeff Taylor - accordion
Darrin Vincent - background vocals
Pete Wade - gut string guitar
Kris Wilkinson - string contractor
Andrea Zonn - background vocals

Awards

The album was nominated for a Dove Award for Country Album of the Year at the 37th GMA Dove Awards.

References

2005 albums
Susie McEntire albums


The pipa is a plucked Chinese string instrument.

Pipa or PIPA may also refer to:

Legislation
 Personal Information Protection Act, part of Canadian privacy law
 PROTECT IP Act, a proposed American law

People
 Bhagat Pipa (1424–1500s), a prince from Rajasthan, India
 Jean-Pierre Dikongué Pipa (born 1940), a Cameroonian film director and writer
 Alexander Pipa (born 1983), a German rugby union player
 Pipa (footballer) (born 1998), Spanish footballer
 Pipa Jing, a character in the Chinese novel Fengshen Yanyi

Places
Pipa, Gansu, a town in Longnan, Gansu, China
Pipa, Sichuan, a town in Fushun County, Sichuan, China
Pipa Subdistrict, a subdistrict of Gulou District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
 Pipa Beach, a village and beach in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
 Phoenix Islands Protected Area, a marine protected area located in the Republic of Kiribati

Other
 Pípá (枇杷), Mandarin for Loquat, a fruit tree in the family Rosaceae
Agua de pipa, a local term for coconut water in Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador
 Pipa (frog), a genus popularly known as Surinam toads
 Participatory impact pathways analysis, a project management approach
 Program on International Policy Attitudes, an American research institution
 PIPA Prize, a contemporary art award from Brazil

See also
 Pipas (disambiguation)
 Pippa (disambiguation)


The forerunners of newspapers in China took the form of government bulletins such as the Peking Gazette. Newspapers as known in the West were first published in China in the early 19th century. Some were in the English language rather than Chinese, and many were allied with Christian missionary endeavours.

Terminology

Bao zhi ( means newspaper. In this context, bao means to announce, inform or report; zhi simply means paper.

News in ancient history

Chinese language periodicals goes back to the Spring and Autumn Annals, and traces through more than a thousand years of tipao, including Kaiyuan Za Bao and the Peking Gazette. The Peking Gazette was published daily until 1912. As this publication was intended for government officials only, it is not considered a true newspaper. However, it was widely read by others.

The proper newspaper was introduced relatively late in the Far East, as a result of Western influence and the adoption of the printing press:

Newspapers of the last century including today's newspapers of the People's Republic of China, Chinese newspapers overseas, and earlier papers such as Shen Bao, Xin Wen Bao, Zi Lin Xi Hu Bao, Ta Kung Pao also draw upon other influences in the history of newspapers.

News in modern times

The first reference to privately published news sheets in China is in 1582 in Beijing, during the late Ming dynasty; China Monthly Magazine, which published from 1815 to 1821, marked the beginning of Chinese journalism. It was managed by Robert Morrison, and was printed in Malacca using traditional woodblock printing. It was primarily a Christian missionary organ, although it did include some news.

China's first Western-style newspaper, the Portuguese-language A Abelha da China was established in 1822, followed by the English-language Canton Register in 1827. This was followed in 1835 by the Canton Press, another English-language newspaper. The Chinese-language Eastern Western Magazine was published from 1833 to 1838. This magazine included far more news than China Monthly Magazine, and also commentary. The British Bible Society imported a cylinder printer in 1847, China's first powered printing machine. In the 1860s, William Dill Gamble, from Ramelton, Ireland,  working at American Presbyterian Mission Press in Shanghai, applied electrotype technology to the problem of Chinese typography to create "Meihua type." This revolutionary innovation remained an industry standard for the rest of the 19th century. Gamble's techniques were also adopted in Japan. North China Daily News, an English-language paper, was published in Shanghai from 1850 to 1941. This was a weekly until 1864, when it began publishing daily. The paper published a Chinese-language edition, Shanghai Xinbao, beginning in 1861.

Chinese-language missionary journalism restarted with China Serial, published in Hong Kong from 1853 to 1856. Wanguo Gongbao (A Review of the Times), the most influential Chinese publication of the 19th century, was published from 1868 to 1907.

See also
 Newspapers of the People's Republic of China#History
 List of the earliest newspapers

References

History of China by topic

Chinese


Lanois is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

 Bob Lanois, Canadian sound engineer, music producer, and harmonica player
 Daniel Lanois, Canadian record producer and singer-songwriter
 Jocelyne Lanois, Canadian musician, bass player, and songwriter

de:Lanois


Luxa may refer to:

 Luxa (album), an album composed and performed by Harold Budd
 Luxa Flex Records, a Dutch record label
 Petr Luxa, a Czech tennis player
 Luxa, a NPC (non-player character) in Star Wars franchise CRPG. See. Knights of the Old Republic
 Luxa, a character from Suzanne Collins's Underland Chronicles
 Luxe-Sumberraute, a municipality in the region of Lower Navarre, Pyrenées-Atlantiques, France

Czech-language surnames


Catemaco Municipality is a   municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz.
It is located in the state's Los Tuxtlas region. The municipal seat is the city of Catemaco.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the municipality reported a total population of 46,702, of whom 22,965 lived in the municipal seat.
Ethnic composition is primarily of mestizo origins. Indigenous language speakers number less than 500.

The municipality of Catemaco covers a total surface area of  710.67 km² along the Gulf of Mexico between the foothills of Volcano San Martín Tuxtla and the Sierra Santa Marta, and incorporate Laguna Catemaco and Laguna Sontecomapan plus a large part of the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve.
Catemaco borders the municipalities of San Andrés Tuxtla to the west, Hueyapan de Ocampo and Soteapan to the south and Tatahuicapan de Juárez and Mecayapan to the east.

Economically Catemaco depends on a mix of tourism, cattle ranching, fishery and agriculture. Statistically the municipality ranks as one of the poorer ones in Veracruz.

Settlements in the municipality
Catemaco (municipal seat; 2005 population 22,965)
Sontecomapan (2,397)
La Victoria, (1,757)
Zapoapan de Cabañas (1,344)
Maxacapan (990)

The municipality

The city of Catemaco is the local government for 258 communities, which cover a territory of 659.2km2. The municipality borders those of Mecayapan, Soteapan, Hueyapan de Ocampo and San Andrés Tuxtla, extending to the Gulf of Mexico in the north. The municipal government consists of a municipal president, a syndic and four representatives called regidors.

The municipality is rural with a population density of 73.7 people per km2, and only the seat considered to be urban. There a small community (297) of indigenous language speakers, mostly of Popoluca. Outside the seat, the main communities are Sontecomapan (pop. 2,413), La Victoria (1,842), Zapoapan de Cabañas (1,382) and San Juan Seco de Valencia (1,237).

The municipality has 166 schools that mostly serve students from the preschool to high school/vocational level with some adult and special education. There are fifteen libraries but a 17.1% illiteracy rate.

The municipality has 204 km of major roadways, mostly state-maintained local highways. The most important road is Federal Highway 180, which connects the municipality primarily to San Andrés Tuxtla. There are no rail lines.

Geography

The municipality is in the Los Tuxtlas mountain region in the south of Veracruz, a rugged area of recent volcanic origin. It is in a valley between the San Martín Volcano and the Santa Marta mountain ranges, extending from Lake Catemaco to the Gulf of Mexico shore, with an average altitude of 340 meters above sea level.

Flora and fauna
Most of the wild vegetation has been destroyed, with 391.6km2 used as pasture for animals, 50.8 km used for agriculture and 39.4km2 with secondary vegetation. Only 84.8km2 remains as rainforest and 81.2km2 is covered by water. The soil is poor in nutrients and highly susceptible to erosion. The remaining natural vegetation is high tropical perennial rainforest, giving way to wetland vegetation and mangroves near and on the Gulf coast. Native tree species include cedar, royal palm, palo de agua,  (Brosimum alicastrum), ,  and  (Equisetum arvense).  The Nanciyaga Ecological Reserve preserve most of what is left of the rainforest that enveloped Lake Catemaco. Wildlife include small mammals such as squirrels, armadillos, rabbits, weasels and raccoons. Many bird species inhabit the lake area including herons, owls, cardinals and more. Numbers are highest in December with the arrival of migratory species. Spider monkeys were extinct but have been reintroduced in the Lake Catemaco area.

Climate
For most of the year, the climate is warm and humid. The average temperature ranges from 20 to 26C, with the coolest months from November to January and the warmest in the summer. It rains all year because of warm humid winds from the Gulf of Mexico, but annual totals vary from 1900mm to 4600mm. The quantity of rainfall also varies by season, with a relatively dry season from March to June, when totals are half that of the rest of the year. Winds are predominantly from the north. From February to October, most winds are from the northeast, which are warmer. From November to January cooler winds from the north dominate due to cold fronts from the north called “nortes.”

Most of the municipality’s surface water is found in Lake Catemaco and the Sontecomapan Lagoon. The area is filled with rivers and streams including the San Juan Michapan, Comoapan, San Andrés and Río Grande. Because of the area’s relative ruggedness, waterfalls can be found, such as the Tepepa Falls on the San Andrés River.

Hydrography
The most important body of water in the municipality is Lake Catemaco. The lake basin was formed by volcanic eruptions of the Santa Martha and San Martín Volcanos. The lake is elliptical, with a maximum length of eleven km and a maximum width of eight km. It contains 553 million cubic meters of water and covers and area of 73km2, but is shallow, with an average depth of eight meters. The deepest part is twenty two meters, located between the city and Agaltepec Island. Various rivers and streams empty into the lake including Río Grande, Yohualtajapan and Cuetzalapan. The Rio Grande, also known as the San Andrés River, empties the lake and forms the Eyipantla Falls on its way to the Gulf of Mexico.

The lake and its twelve islands have been designation as a federal natural park. The largest of these islands is Agaltepec, 750 meters long and 150 at its widest, covering 8.5 hectares. This name is from Pipil and Nahuatl and means “stone canoe” or “canoe hill.” It is also called Crocodile or Dragon Island in reference to is shape which resembles the animal when seen from certain perspectives. Its vegetation remains intact with over 1,600 trees of 63 species. In 1988 and 1989, two groups of howler monkeys, which are in danger of extinction, were brought to the Agaltepec Island as an attempt to preserve the species. Since then the animals have multiplied with over 100 and their cries can be heard in the nearby city. The island is federal property and is maintained by the Universidad Veracruzana. There is also an archeological site on the island. Tanaxpillo, better known as the “Island of the Monkeys.” This name and fame comes from a colony of stump-tailed macaques that live there, introduced as part of a research project in the 1970s. They are maintained by the university although they are also fed by local boat operators. One other popular island for visitors is the Heron Island (Isla de las Garzas), a sanctuary of the species, which cover the trees and have painted them white from their excrement.

The other major body of water within the municipality is the Sontecomapan Lagoon. It is a large, shallow estuary which opens to the sea, covering 900 hectares in a very irregular shape. Its average depth is only two meters with the deepest part at five meters. The lagoon is fed by various rivers and streams with the salinity of the water increasing the closer one is to the Gulf of Mexico. It is mostly separated from the Gulf by the Barra de Sontecomapan, a stretch of beach and offshore reefs. Canals also stretch from the main body of water, and both these canals and the edges of the lagoon contain mangroves. The town of Sontecomapan, which the lake is named after, has docks for fishing and tours to see the area’s vegetation, especially its mangroves.

Lake Nixtamalpan is in a crater filled from underground. Its depth is unknown but estimated at fifty meters, and covers and area of about twenty hectares.

The municipality has a coastline on the Gulf of Mexico. The most visited beaches here are Peña Hermosa in Tatahuicapan de Juárez, La Perla del Golfo in Mecayapan and Playa Escondida, most popular with foreign tourists.

Socioeconomics

The municipality is classified as having a medium level of socioeconomic marginalization, with 64.5% living in poverty and 13.1% living in extreme poverty. 26.9% are employed in agriculture, fishing and forestry, 15.5% in manufacturing (mostly handcrafts) and 56.9% in commerce and tourism. However, the municipality’s main income is from ranching, fishing and agriculture.

The most widespread activity is ranching, mostly raising cattle, followed by pigs and domestic fowl. Next is fishing. Lake Catemaco is one of the most productive in Mexico, but large net fishing is prohibited in order avoid overfishing.  However, over 2,000 fishermen earn a subsistence living capturing about 2,000 tons each year. Main catches include tilapia (an introduced species), a sardine called topote and a fresh water snail called tegogolo. The most important crops are corn, followed by coffee and green chili peppers, but beans, rice, watermelons, oranges, mangos and coconuts are also grown.

The local gastronomy is characterized by its ranching and fishing activities (both fresh and salt water) . Common ingredients include tegogolos, a fresh water snail said to be an aphrodisiac, freshwater eels, tochogobi (a type of mojarra) and pork, especially a preparation called “carne de chango” because it takes like monkey meat.

The area holds deposits of gold, silver, zinc and other materials, but there is no mining and no major industry.  Handcrafts are made, mostly guitars called jarana jarochas (often decorated with snail and seashells) and decorative items for the tourist trade.

The most important commercial activity is tourism, mostly centered in the city of Catemaco. The area attracts mostly Mexican visitors, with the busiest times being traditional vacation periods such as Holy Week, some parts of summer and long weekends. Most come to see the lake, including boat tours to the various islands, and visit the sorcerers. The area has also attracted the film industry, with films such as Medicine Man with Sean Connery and Apocalypto, filmed by Mel Gibson .

Ecological tourism has grown in the municipality, allowing rural communities such as Ejido Lopez Mateos and Ejido Miguel Hidalgo to offer cabins and access to attractions such as rainforest, rivers and waterfalls, such as Cola de Caballo and Poza Reina. There are also archeological sites such as Las Margaritas and a pyramid on El Cerrito just outside Catemaco city.

The most popular attraction of this type is the Nanciyaga Ecologial Reserve, a private tourist attraction which offers tours, mud facials, cabins, ritual cleansings, temazcals, a dock on Lake Catemaco and a mineral spring. The site cover four hectares just outside the city of Catemaco and was created in 1983. The water from the mineral spring is drinkable and made available to visitors using cups made from large green leaves.

References

External links

  Municipal Official Site - dead link at present
  Municipal Official Information
Catemaco Guide

Municipalities of Veracruz


Jean-Claude Gakosso (born 25 July 1957) is a Congolese politician who has served in the government of the Republic of the Congo as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2015. Previously, he was Minister of Culture and the Arts from 2002 to 2015.

Professional and political career
Gakosso, an ethnic Mbochi, was born in Inkouélé, located in the Gamboma District of Plateaux Region, and studied at the Sorbonne in France. He was a lecturer on journalism at the Marien Ngouabi University in Brazzaville, and in 1995 he criticized a press law passed by the National Assembly, accusing the government of "working to restrict press freedom". After the June–October 1997 civil war, he was Special Adviser for Communication, Posts, and Telecommunications to President Denis Sassou Nguesso from 1997 to 2002.

On 18 August 2002, he was appointed to the government as Minister of Culture, Arts, and Tourism; he succeeded Mambou Aimée Gnali at the head of that ministry on 22 August.

In a ceremony at the Marien Ngouabi Mausoleum, Gakosso rekindled the eternal flame commemorating President Marien Ngouabi on 11 November 2002. The flame had been extinguished since the 1997 war. Speaking on the occasion, Gakosso said that he had prioritized the restoration of the flame when he took over as Minister of Culture because "it symbolizes the pain, resistance, self-sacrifice, and courage embodied by President Marien Ngouabi." At the time of the fifth Panafrican Music Festival in Brazzaville in July 2005, Gakosso was President of the Festival's Steering Committee.

While serving as Minister of Culture, Gakosso also served for a time as Interim Minister of Communication and Relations with Parliament, as well as Government Spokesman. His portfolio was reduced in scope on 3 March 2007, when he was appointed as Minister of Culture and the Arts.

In the June 2007 parliamentary election, Gakosso stood as the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) candidate in the Ongogni constituency of Plateaux Region. He replaced Pierre Ngollo as the PCT candidate; although there were rumors of rivalry between the two, Gakosso and Ngollo appeared together when Gakosso announced his candidacy, and Ngollo instead stood as the PCT candidate in the Ouenzé I constituency of Brazzaville. Gakosso won his seat in the first round with 99.72% of the vote. Following the election, he retained his post as Minister of Culture and the Arts in the government appointed on 30 December 2007.

Prior to the July 2009 presidential election, Gakosso was Rapporteur of the National Initiative for Peace (INP), a political association promoting Sassou Nguesso's re-election while stressing the importance of peace.

In the July–August 2012 parliamentary election, Gakosso was again elected to the National Assembly as the PCT candidate in Ongogni; he won the seat in the first round of voting, receiving 95.26% of the vote. He was retained as Minister of Culture and the Arts in the government named after the election, on 25 September 2012.

Foreign minister
On 10 August 2015, Gakosso was moved to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. Gakosso formally succeeded Ikouébé at a ceremony on 25 August 2015. Describing the Foreign Ministry as "the iconic symbol of our sovereignty in the concert of nations" and "the refuge of our dignity in the face of the other peoples of the world", he vowed that in "the best Congolese diplomatic traditions in the service of peace, neighborliness, cooperation and development" he would "continue to promote our country in the world".

Gakosso met with Russia's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sergei Lavrov, in Moscow on 3 November 2015, and the two reaffirmed the good relations between their countries. Lavrov expressed support for the outcome of Congo-Brazzaville's October 2015 constitutional referendum, which paved the way for Sassou Nguesso to run for another term as President.

After Sassou Nguesso's victory in the March 2016 presidential election, Gakosso sent a letter to the European Union on 9 May 2016 requesting that it recall its ambassador to Congo-Brazzaville, Saskia de Lang, in response to criticism of Sassou Nguesso's re-election.

As part of a restructuring of Congolese diplomacy, Gakosso sent letters to 16 Congolese ambassadors on 25 January 2017 dismissing them from their posts and recalling them. Gakosso visited Russia in March 2017 and met with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov to discuss continued and improved cooperation between their two countries.

Published work
Gakosso's writings include The New Congolese Press: From the Gulag to the Agora (La nouvelle presse congolaise : du goulag à l'agora), published by L'Harmattan in 1997.

See also
List of current foreign ministers

References

1957 births
Living people
University of Paris alumni
Members of the National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)
Government ministers of the Republic of the Congo
Congolese Party of Labour politicians
Foreign Ministers of the Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo expatriates in France


Elizabeth Flint Wade (1849–1915) was an early 20th-century American author, poet and pictorial photographer. She is best known for the photographs she exhibited with Rose Clark under their joint names, either as "Rose Clark and Elizabeth Flint Wade" or as "Misses Clark and Wade".

Life
Wade was born in Cassville, New York, on 29 October 1849. Her parents were George Barnett Flint and Elizabeth Tracy Avery.

She married Frank Abernathy Wade (1836 or 1837-1906) on 24 November 1869 in Buffalo. They had one daughter, Blanche Elizabeth (1872-?), and two sons, Frank (1874-?) and Herman (1877-?).

Wade’s interest in photography developed sometime before 1890. In 1893 she wrote an article called "Artistic Pictures, Suggestions on How to Make Them" in American Amateur Photographer. In the late 1890s she was put in charge of Harpers magazine Round Table Camera Club, and in 1900 Harpers Bazaar began publishing a series of her articles on photography.

In 1906 Wade was listed in an article in Photo-Era as "among those in the professional ranks achieving success". Other women mentioned were Gertrude Käsebier, Eva Watson-Schütze and Jessie Tarbox Beals.

Wade was a respected writer and poet, and her stories and poems appeared in Atlantic Monthly, Collier's Weekly, Black Cat, Herald, New York World, The Catholic Telegraph, and Everybody's. She also frequently wrote about photography in magazine such as the American Amateur Photographer, Photo-Era, Photographic Times, Photo-American and Harpers Magazine. From 1910 to 1912 she was associate editor of Photo-Era, and she critiqued many prints submitted by readers.

Wade died in her home Norwalk, Connecticut on 1 December 1915.

References

1849 births
1915 deaths
19th-century American photographers
20th-century American photographers
20th-century American women photographers
19th-century American women photographers


Deepak Adhikari (born 25 December 1982), known by his stage name Dev, is an Indian actor, producer, singer and screenwriter, known for his works in Bengali cinema and more recently, a politician. He owns the production house Dev Entertainment Ventures.

Born in Keshpur, he made his acting debut in the 2006 film Agnishapath opposite Rachna Banerjee. Dev faced flak after the film was released, and it turned out to be a critical and commercial flop. His starring role in I Love You (2007) opposite Payal Sarkar was his breakthrough. Directed by Ravi Kinagi, the film was critically unsuccessful, but was commercially successful and was quick to resurrect his career. Despite the success, Dev did not get any work for the next fourteen months.

He made a comeback on the silver screen with Premer Kahini (2008), opposite Koel Mallick, his first with whom he went on to star with in numerous films. A remake of the 2006 Kannada hit Mungaru Male, the film was moderately successful. Dev got another breakthrough in Challenge (2009) which opened to critical and commercial success. He received the Anandalok Awards for Best Actor and Best Action Hero for his performance in the film. He continued to garner commercial success and wider attention through his successful films, including Le Chakka (2010), Dui Prithibi (2010), Paglu (2011), Challenge 2 (2012), Khoka 420 (2013), Rangbaaz (2013) and Chander Pahar (2013).

He had been a recipient of numerous awards, namely Tele Cine Awards, Kalakar Awards, Filmfare Awards East, Filmfare Awards East (2017) and NABC International Bangla Film Award 2017. His accomplishments have made him one of the highest paid and sought out actors of Bengali cinema. Though he has delivered some critically acclaimed performances, Dev is often trolled for his poor accent, average acting skills, his winning of the Mahanayak Samman from the Government of West Bengal.

Dev had also been a mentor on the Bengali dance reality show Dance Bangla Dance, replacing Mithun Chakraborty. He is also a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha representing Ghatal constituency since 2014, as a candidate from the party All India Trinamool Congress.

Life and background
Dev was born on 25 December 1982, in Mahisha, a small village near Keshpur, to Gurudas Adhikari and Mousumi Adhikari. His father used to have a food-catering service and his mother is a housewife. His nickname is Raju. He spent his childhood living with his maternal uncle in Chandrakona and his sister, Deepali. Later in his childhood, he moved to Mumbai and attended Purushottam High School in Bandra, where he was a good student. His sister, Deepali Adhikari, was married on 9 August 2015 to Anirban.

He also did an acting course at the Kishore Namit Kapoor Acting Academy. In an interview with The Times of India, Dev recalled that when his school was closed for summer, he went to the outdoors of Prahaar: The Final Attack with his father, where Nana Patekar was shooting. He described it as more of a family vacation for them and work did not feel like work. As a child, that was the first time he got a taste of cinema. Though that was his first, life continued to be the same for the next couple of years. The family was based in Mumbai and Dev would often accompany his father to the sets of Abbas–Mustan and Prakash Jha, among several others. There were times when his father would keep busy with other things and he had to chip in. Though he could not cook, he would do the groceries and supervise on his father's behalf. He also said there were times when he washed plates and served food. After receiving his diploma from Bharatiya Vidyapeeth University, in Pune, in Computer Engineering, Dev returned to Mumbai and started his film career as an observer on the set of Abbas–Mustan's Taarzan: The Wonder Car.

Dev is in a relationship with fellow actress Rukmini Maitra.

Film career

2005–09: Debut, early career

Dev made his acting debut with the 2005 film Agnishapath, directed by Prabir Nandi, opposite Rachana Banerjee. The film did not perform well at the box office. By this point, the film I Love You, directed by Ravi Kinnagi, was in development at Shree Venkatesh Films. Dev met with the producers and gained the male lead role. Despite the financial success of I Love You, Dev did not take on any other roles for about 14 months. He went to Mumbai, and, dedicated to improving himself, learned dance and trained under fight choreographer Aejaz Gulab (of Shootout at Lokhandwala and Mission Istaanbul fame).

2008–10: Comeback and success

Dev made a comeback to acting in director Raj Chakraborty's action-romance Challenge, opposite Subhashree Ganguly. The film was a huge hit in West Bengal, giving Dev a considerable popularity boost.

Dev performed item songs like "Pante Tali," and Chirodini Tumi Je Amar. The tracks and videos were very successful. He also performed an additional item number in the film Jackpot, directed by Kaushik Ganguly. The song was a remake of "Jibone ki Pabona," a track originally performed by Bengali actor Soumitra Chatterjee. Dev appeared as a cameo in Ekti Tarar Khonje directed by Abhik Mukhopadhyay.

In December 2010, Indian romantic Bengali film Shedin Dekha Hoyechilo starring Dev and Srabanti Chatterjee was released, directed by Sujit Mondol and produced by Shree Venkatesh Films. This is the second collaboration between Dev and Sujit Mondol. This movie was one of the biggest hits of 2010. The title track of the movie, being shot in Switzerland, is one of the best romantic songs of Tollywood ever. The chemistry between Dev and Srabanti is so mellifluous that it added a new flavour, which was tremendously appreciated by the audience and critics. The film had an item number by Samidh and Rishi "Khokababu jaye, Lal juto paye", which was the entry song for Dev in the movie. The song's choreographer Baba Yadav said: "Dev has done a great job. There's no doubt that he is an amazing dancer...What I like about Dev is the fact that he enjoys dancing. This shows in his movements." "Khokababu jaye, Lal juto paye" was the costliest song of Tollywood (costing nearly 50-60 million) until the release of Khokababu in January 2012, which contained the costlier item number, "Dance maare Khokababu".

In 2010, Dev received the STAR Ananda Shera notun Protibha Award, at the 2010 Shera Bangali Awards.

2011–present: Commercial and critical success
In June 2011, Dev starred alongside Koel Mallick in Paglu, directed by Rajib Biswas. Produced by Surinder Films, this movie was the highest opener in Tollywood history before Challenge 2 was released in October 2012. Paglu is highest in terms of earning T.R.P on Bengali television till date, having a T.R.P of 12.25 when it was telecast on Star Jalsha. It even left 3 Idiots behind in the T.R.P. battle. As per Sree Venkatesh distribution head, Debasis Sarkar – "Paglu released in 166 theatres across Bengal in the first week. The second week has seen the number of theatres rising to 169. The movie is running in 17 theatres in Kolkata. The gross collections till Monday's (13 June) matinee show have crossed Rs 50 million." The film was a box-office success. This film also introduced martial art in Bengali cinema and Dev as the first martial art hero. The director said – " Dev was superb with the action sequences. He did some martial art stunts and also learnt kickboxing for two months only for my movie. I was amazed with his dedication. Bengali films haven't ever seen such action sequences before. There is a train and a bike chase sequence that was shot by Zoyeb and Dev. I was literally scared when they were shooting this sequence without any body double. Hats off to their courage". In November 2011, his movie Romeo, directed by Sujit Mondol and co-starring Subhashree Ganguly was released was released and earned Dev commendations from all sections of audience and from critics. The movie also saw Dev-Subhashree, the most talked about jodi (pair) of Tollywood and that too after two years. In December, a biography of Dev entitled Aami Dev, was released by Greymind Publications.

In January 2012, Dev starred in Khokababu, the 2nd highest-grossing Tollywood film, once again opposite Subhashree Ganguly. The film, directed by Shankar Aiyya and produced by Ashok Dhanuka Himanshu Dhanuka of Eskay Movies, is the longest running movie of 2012, remaining in theatre for more than 300 days. The film had an item number "Dance Maare Khokababu" which was the costliest song of Tollywood till Challenge 2 released in October 2012, whose title track "Challenge nibi na sala" broke the record to become the costliest song till now made in Tollywood. In 2013, he starred in Khoka 420, Rangbaaz and Chander Pahar. Though the former two films were commercial hits, with Khoka 420 and Rangbazz earning 8,000,000 and 9,000,000 respectively, the latter gave him a slight decree of critical success. Made on a budget of 15,000,000 and shot in South Africa, the film met with critical and commercial success upon release. Dola Mitra of Outlook (magazine) reviewed: "Dev charms as Shankar Choudhury, the young Bengali village boy who dreads clerkdom and wangles a job as station master of a tiny train station in Uganda, where only one train stops in a day." Besides many awards, Dev won the Kalakar Awards for his performance in the film and a Filmfare Awards East nomination. After appearing in two films, one where he gave a special appearance and another critically and commercially unsuccessful film, he gave another critically acclaimed performance in Buno Haansh, the adaptation of Samaresh Majumdar's successful novel of the same name. In 2015, he appeared in Aparna Sen's action romantic drama film Arshinagar opposite Rittika Sen. Released on Christmas 2015, Dev's performance was critically acclaimed, apart from Jisshu Sengupta and Swagata Mukherjee. Upam Buzarbaruah of The Times of India reviewed: "The high point of the film are the performances. All the actors, including Dev, have performed perfectly." His performance of a mute gangster in the 2016 action drama film Zulfiqar, earned him his second Filmfare Awards East 2017 nomination for Best Actor. Dev's first film of 2017 was Chaamp directed by Raj Chakraborty. The film got critical acclaim from critics and was a commercial success earning above 8.90 crores. His next film of 2017 was Cockpit directed by Kamaleshwar Mukherjee. The film got positive reviews from critics but failed at the Box Office. Dev next starred in Kamaleshwar Mukherjee directed Amazon Obhijaan, a sequel to the 2013 film Chander Pahar. Dev reprised his role as Shankar Rai Chodhury. The film was well received by critics and became the highest grossing Bengali film of all time earning over 48 crores. On 5 January 2018, the film was dubbed and released in five languages: Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Odia and Assamese.

In 2018, he starred in the action thriller films Kabir and Password. Although Password received critical acclaim, the film didn't manage to do well at the box-office. That year in December he starred in Sanjhbati. After no release in 2020, he starred in two films in 2021. The historical sports drama film Golondaaj directed by Dhrubo Banerjee and produced under the banner of SVF was a blockbuster at box-office. It is based on the life of Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari, called as "The Father of Indian football". His second film that year was Tonic. A family drama directed by Avijit Sen, the film received positive reviews and everyone's performance was praised, specially the bonding between Dev and Bandopadhyay. At the 5th Filmfare Awards Bangla, the film received six nominations and won three, including Best Film, Best Actor (Paran Bandopadhyay) and Best Debut Director (Sen). It went on to become the highest-grossing Bengali film of 2021.

In 2022, he starred in Kishmish with Rukmini Maitra. It received good reviews and faired decently at the box-office, earning 2.6 crores. Then he starred in Kacher Manush with Prosenjit Chatterjee and Ishaa Saha. It earned him a nomination for "The Best Actor Award" in 6th Filmfare Award Bangla. In December he starred in Projapoti with Mithun Chakraborty, Mamata Shankar and Koushani Mukherjee in lead roles. Made on a budget of 1.5 Crores, it was a huge blockbuster at the box-office, collecting more than 13 crores.  It became the highest grossing Bengali film of 2022 and the third highest grossing Indian Bengali film. In 2023, he played the titular role of Byomkesh Bakshi in the Birsa Dasgupta directorial detective action thriller Byomkesh O Durgo Rahasya along with Rukmini Maitra and Ambarish Bhattacharya in pivotal roles.

He will next star in Bagha Jatin and Pradhan.

Other works

Television
In November 2011, as a special appearance in Raj Chakraborty's serial Sobinoy Nibedon in Sananda TV, with a bevy of beauties wrapped around him, Dev showed his Romeo side, dancing to "Ami Romeo", "Khokababu jaye", "Gal mitthi mitthi bol" and "Paglu thoda sa karle romance". "I wish Naina and Joydeep a very happy married life," Dev later told t2. Again in March 2012, Dev appeared in a holi special show 'Ronger Anandey' at Sananda TV.

In April 2010 and again in December 2011, he entered as a special guest in Mirakkel Akkel Challenger, an Indian Reality Show on Zee Bangla hosted by Mir Afsar Ali and directed by Subhankar Chattopadhyay. He also came as special guest in many shows such as Dadagiri Season 2, Season 4 etc. Dev became the main coach and judge of Dance Bangla Dance in the show's eighth season, replacing Mithun Chakraborty.

Stage
Dev has given many stage performances and has participated in several concerts. In 2007, he performed in the Bengal Film Journalists' Association (BFJA) awards 2007. In 2009, he performed in ETV bangla prathama in a Bengali TV channel ETV Bangla. He performed in a concert also, Mon Mane Na concert in 2009. Being a terrific dancer, he's also a brilliant stage performer. He also performed in many award functions as in Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards 2009, Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards 2010, Zee Banglar Gourav Samman 2011, Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards 2011, Jaya Hey, Zee Bangalar Gourav Samman 2012.

Politics
Dev won the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections as a Trinamool Congress candidate from Ghatal constituency. He gave his maiden speech in the Lok Sabha after two years of winning the elections, in Bengali language regarding the implementation of Ghatal Master Plan.

Special appearances
Dev has had special appearances in several films. In 2009, he made a cameo appearance in the item song "Pante tali" of Chirodini Tumi Je Amar directed by Raj Chakraborty and produced by Shree Venkatesh Films. The song was one of the leading chartbuster songs of the year. In the same year, he appeared in an additional item number "Jibone ki Pabona" in the film Jackpot, directed by Kaushik Ganguly. The song was a cover of a track originally performed by Bengali actor Soumitra Chatterjee.

In 2010, he appeared as himself in Abhik Mukhopadhyay's Ekti Tarar Khonje.

In 2012, Dev made a cameo appearance in Bawali Unlimited, directed by Sujit Mondal.

In 2018, Dev made a cameo appearance as himself in Uma, directed by Srijit Mukherji.

In the media
Dev topped the list Calcutta Times Most Desirable Men in the year 2013. In addition to his films, he also endorses several brands, such as Vivel-ITC Limited, Royal Stag, Shricon TMT Bars, Bakefresh Biscuits, and the television channel Jalsha Movies. He is touted as one of the richest Bengali actors and politicians with assets over  15,000,000. Before the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections the Bengali tabloid Ebela asked him if he enjoyed being in the spotlight. He replied: "...it's just like being raped, either you can enjoy or can shout." This comment sparked controversy as being inappropriate and insensitive and led to calls for him to withdraw his candidacy. Thereafter, he apolozised for his comments on his official Twitter account.

Filmography

Discography

Film soundtracks

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1982 births
Male actors in Bengali cinema
Living people
Male actors from Mumbai
Kalakar Awards winners
21st-century Indian male actors
Bengali male actors
India MPs 2014–2019
Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal
Lok Sabha members from West Bengal
People from Paschim Medinipur district
Indian actor-politicians
Male actors from Kolkata
Indian male film actors
People from New Alipore
India MPs 2019–present
Producers who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award


Denzil F. Dowell (April 4, 1944 – April 1, 1967), was an African-American resident of North Richmond, California, who was shot and killed by an officer of the Contra Costa County Sheriff's Department.

According to the media and police, at about 5 a.m. on April 1, 1967, two sheriff's deputies responded to a telephone call that a burglary was in progress at a liquor store in North Richmond, CA. Upon arrival at the location, one deputy spotted two suspects and ordered them to halt. They fled and the deputy fired one shotgun blast. Denzil F. Dowell was struck and killed. The second suspect escaped. A hole was found broken through the cement wall of the liquor store, and various burglary tools were found at the spot the two suspects were first seen. A coroner's inquest was held to investigate the shooting. It was ruled a justifiable homicide on April 14, 1967. The ruling was made unanimously by a jury of 10 white and two black citizens after 30 minutes of deliberation.

The Black Panther Party (BPP) noted multiple inconsistencies with the case, notably:
 Denzil Dowell was unarmed, so, therefore, six bullet holes and shotgun blasts cannot be considered "justifiable homicide."
 The media and police said three shots were fired, while the coroner and witnesses described six to ten shots.
 The media and police said it occurred from 4:49 AM to 5:01 AM, yet witnesses say it occurred around 3:50 AM, around an hour earlier than what the police claimed.
 Only Richmond police were first at the scene, not until 4:50 AM were Martinez sheriffs seen on the scene.
 The police had reported that Denzil ran and jumped a fence, then attempted to jump another and was then shot. The Dowell family reported that he had injured his hip in a car accident, and had trouble running after leaving the hospital. Therefore, he wouldn't have been able to jump the first fence, nor run. All of that, supposedly, while he had a hammer in hand.
 The lot that Denzil supposedly ran across was a junkyard filled with car parts, grease, and oil, but no grease or oil was found on his shoes.
 The coroner reported that Denzil had bled to death, yet Denzil's sister reports very little blood.
 No attempt had been made to call an ambulance or revive Denzil by the policemen.
 The Dowell family was denied the right to have Denzil's clothing or take pictures of his body to verify the number of bullet holes for themselves.
 The media had announced a "justifiable homicide" two hours before the jury gave its verdict. The foreman on the jury could not read.
 The policeman had a prior connection to Denzil. He had shouted, "Denzil Dowell, give me your identification."
 Denzil's mother stated "I believe the police murdered my son."

The event led to a street rally organized by the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. During the rally 15 armed members of the Black Panther Party held a street rally to protest against police brutality. This event helped to establish the Black Panthers in the national spotlight. It also provided the content for the first edition of the BPP newspaper, The Black Panther, which was published in April 1967 with a headline about the killing of Denzil Dowell.

References

External links
Why Was Denzil Dowell Killed April First 3.50 a.m.

1944 births
1967 deaths
1967 in California
Crime in the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Richmond, California
African Americans shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States


Jan de Doot is the subject of a painting by Carel van Savoyen.

Doot may also refer to:
 Doot (magazine), Gujarati Catholic monthly published from Gujarat, India
 Doot-Doot, a 1983 album by Freur
 "Doot-Doot" (song), a hit single from the album
 De zedighe doot van Carel den Vijfden, a historical play by Michiel de Swaen
 Doot Doot Garden, a mini-comics series by Craig Thompson
 "Doot Doot Pause Doot Doot", a song on the album Promotional Copy by Reggie and the Full Effect
 doot, means messenger in Sanskrit
 Meghdoot (), ancient Indian epic by Kalidasa
 Operation Meghdoot, Indian military operation named after the epic


The Asmara President's Office is the building, in Italian neoclassical style, where the President of Eritrea lives and rules the country.

History
The former Italian government's palace was built in 1897 by Ferdinando Martini, the first Italian governor of Eritrea. The Italian government wanted to create in Asmara (just made capital of Eritrea in place of Massawa)an impressive building, from where the Italian governors could show the dedication of the Kingdom of Italy to the "Colonia primogenita" (first daughter-colony) as Eritrea was called.

During the Italian Empire the building was improved as the center of the "Governatorato dell'Eritrea"; it was heavily damaged during World War II and then converted into a National Museum by the Ethiopian authorities in the 1950s.

Today, it is the office of the President of Eritrea, Isaias Afewerki.

Structure
Governor Ferdinando Martini wanted a structure with colonnades at the entrance in neoclassical style, surrounded by a park with lush vegetation. In his opinion the building would be the biggest and most beautiful in Asmara, the newly declared capital of the Italian colony in 1897.

The interior was decorated with Italian marble and furniture brought from Italy and France. The main hall was decorated with typical Renaissance stairs toward the projected second floor. The main doors were specially crafted with wood from Brazil.

See also
 Asmara
 Italian Eritrea
 Italian Empire

Notes

Buildings and structures in Asmara
Presidential residences
Government buildings completed in 1897
Houses completed in 1897
Italian East Africa
Official residences in Eritrea

hr:Predsjednička palača (Asmara)