Yassin Abdullah Kadi (also transliterated from Arabic as Yasin Abdullah Ezzedine al-Qadi or Yasin A. Kahdi) (born 23 February 1955) is a Saudi Arabian businessman. A multi-millionaire from Jeddah, Kadi trained as an architect in Chicago, Illinois. He is the son-in-law of Sheikh Ahmed Salah Jamjoom, a former Saudi Arabian government minister with close ties to the Saudi royal family.

The UN placed sanctions against Kadi in 1999 and 2000, when he was named by United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1267 and 1333 as a suspected associate of Osama bin Laden's terror network, al-Qaeda. On 12 October 2001, the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) ordered his assets in the United States to be frozen. The European Union also applied sanctions to Kadi. In response, Kadi's lawyers brought two lawsuits now considered landmarks in EU law and public international law, known as Kadi I (2008) and Kadi II (2013).  The case for which he is best known, a 2008 decision by the European Court of Justice, Kadi I, is thought to have challenged "the core framework of UN terrorist sanctions and forces UN member states to tackle difficult legal questions or else face possible collapse of the UN’s terrorist sanctions regime."

Kadi's listing as a terrorist was overturned by several European courts, and his name was removed from blacklists by Switzerland (2007), the European Union (2008 and 2010), and the United Kingdom (2008 and 2010). In September 2010, Kadi "succeeded in having dismissed in their entirety the civil claims brought against him in the United States on behalf of the families of the 9/11 victims", when a U.S. District Judge ruled that the District Court for the Southern District of New York had no jurisdiction over Kadi, a Saudi Arabian citizen. In October 2012, the UN Security Council committee monitoring sanctions against al-Qaeda granted Kadi's petition to be removed from its blacklist. The Kadi II decision by the European Court of Justice in July 2013 declined appeals by the European Commission and the UK against the earlier annulment of European sanctions against Kadi, saying that there was no evidence to substantiate the allegations of his being linked to terrorism. On 26 November 2014, the United States Department of the Treasury removed Kadi's name from its Specially Designated Nationals list.

Early life

Kadi was born 23 February 1955 in Cairo, Egypt. His father became a successful businessman in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He has six sisters and no brothers.

Around 1977, Kadi earned a bachelor's degree in architectural engineering from Alexandria University in Cairo, Egypt, and subsequently became an intern at the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in Chicago from July 1979 to February 1981. He helped the firm develop a master plan and contract documentation for the Mecca Campus of the King Abdulaziz University.

Yassin Kadi married a daughter of Sheikh Ahmed Salah Jamjoom sometime before 1981. He and his wife have seven children, One of his sons is a U.S. citizen.

Business and nonprofit ventures
In the 1980s, Kadi became a vice president of the Jamjoom Group, a multi-national conglomerate headquartered in Jeddah. Around 1986, Yassin Kadi became one of the principal investors in BMI Inc., a Shariah-compliant investment bank based in New Jersey.

Kadi inherited "several million dollars" in 1988. In 1990, he began to establish close business associations with Saudi billionaire Khalid bin Mahfouz, whose family owned a majority interest in Saudi Arabia's largest bank, the National Commercial Bank.  Kadi said that he was brought in to maintain good financial relations with pious Muslims throughout the Islamic world, by building a more shariah-compliant banking network for the bank.  "We devised systems of leasing and ways to borrow money" that could be used by pious Muslims, who are not allowed to charge interest, Kadi told the Chicago Tribune.

In May 1992, Kadi created the Muwafaq Foundation, an Islamic charity incorporated for the stated purpose of providing famine relief and education in the Islamic world, particularly Pakistan. The charity was incorporated as a trust on the island of Jersey, an off-shore tax haven located near the coast of Normandy, France. Officials on the island told the Guardian that Jersey "does not appear to maintain any public record of the Muwafaq Foundation." They said "if it was structured as a financial trust, it would not require to be registered at all." Kadi personally donated about $15 to $20 million from his fortune, and solicited donations from bin Mahfouz and other wealthy Saudi families. Bin Mahfouz became a principal donor but later said that he was not involved in the operation of the charity after its establishment.

A similarly named organization, the "Muwaffaq Society" or "Muwaffaq Ltd.," was registered in the Isle of Man in June 1991, but Kadi denied any relationship to this entity. Plaintiffs who have filed suit against Kadi and his associates claim that Muwafaq was a charitable front used to funnel money to al-Qaeda, an allegation Mr Kadi has repeatedly denied.

In 1996, Kadi became one of the original founders and financial supporters of the Dar Al-Hekma Private College for Girls, a "path-breaking Saudi women's college" based in Jeddah.  At the time of the 11 September attacks, he was serving as the Secretary-General of the college.

Business activity after 2001
According to Victor D. Comras, "Al Kadi is believed to have acted swiftly after 9/11 to restructure many of his business interests and, while retaining actual control, placed many of his own assets into the hands of nominal managers and directors." In 2005, the New York Times estimated that Kadi's net worth "exceeds $65 million." In 2010, Comras described him as a billionaire, citing his extensive international business holdings.

Terrorism blacklist

Meetings with Osama bin Laden
In an October 2001 interview with the Chicago Tribune, Kadi said that he met with Osama bin Laden at religious gatherings in the 1980s, but "he said the encounters were unremarkable at a time when bin Laden's battle against the Soviets in Afghanistan attracted US government support and donations from Mosques around the United States."

In a December 2008 interview with the New York Times, Kadi added that he once met Osama bin Laden in Chicago. He gives the date as 1981. Steven Coll, a biographer of the Bin Laden family discovered that the date of the visit was 1979. Osama "was here for two weeks in 1979, it seems, and he visited Los Angeles and Indiana, among other places."

The date coincides with Kadi's arrival in Chicago in July 1979. Coll gives as his source a 2009 biography written by Osama's first wife, Najwa Bin Laden.

1991: Loan Linked to Hamas
In 1991, Kadi loaned $820,000 to the Quranic Literacy Institute (QLI) of Oak Lawn, IL, a group formed to disseminate the Koran and Muslim texts but later allegedly linked to Hamas. Kadi told the Chicago Tribune he made the loan because of his friendship with the literacy institute's president, whom he met at a Sunday lecture in the Chicago area.

Kadi said the money was intended to allow the institute to make a land investment, which would yield profits that would support its charitable work.

1998: Funds Al-Iman University
In 1998, Kadi donated money toward the construction of housing for students at Al-Iman University in Sanaa, Yemen. The university's name is also translated as Iman University or Al-Eman.

A 2010 New York Times profile of the university indicates it is run by Muslims who follow Salafist practice, that is, a strict and puritanical form of Islam practiced by the Salafi ("ancestors" or first Muslims ). Al-Iman is "not a typical college," says Glenn R. Simpson of the Wall Street Journal. "Its curriculum primarily concerns the study and propagation of radical Islam."

January - August 1998: Linked to Maram
According to Glenn R. Simpson of the Wall Street Journal, Kadi's bank records show that, between January and August 1998, he transferred $1.25 million from his Geneva bank account through an associate to an alleged al-Qaeda front company in Turkey known as Maram. Founded as a travel agency and import-export business, the company Maram was reportedly established by Mamdouh Mahmud Salim, said to be one of al-Qaeda's founding members and to have a history of moving money and shopping for weapons for the organization.

A few months later, in December 1998, Kadi reportedly transferred shares in the company to two other men. One was Wael Hamza Julaidan, a Saudi businessman said to be a founder of al-Qaeda (the US officially designated Julaidan a financial supporter of al-Qaeda in 2002). The other was reported to be Mohammed Bayazid, another alleged founder of al-Qaeda.

On 20 December 1998 Salim was extradited to the United States, where he was charged with participating in the 1998 United States embassy bombings. In 2010, USA Today reported that he is an inmate of the ADX Florence facility in Florence, Colorado (reg.nr. 42426–054), sentenced to life without parole for stabbing a federal prison guard in the eye.

Blocked by Executive Order 13224
On 12 October 2001 Kadi was listed as one of several dozen individuals that the United States "determined to have committed or to pose a significant risk of committing or providing material support for acts of terrorism" under Executive Order 13224. His U.S. assets were frozen. On 15 October, OFAC sent a letter to Kadi notifying him of his rights to request reconsideration. Kadi was added to the UN list shortly afterward, which also resulted in his assets being frozen in European Union countries. Saudi Arabia "supported the addition of the Jeddah-based terrorist financier, Yasin al-Qadi, to the UN's consolidated list in October 2001," according to an official press release of the U.S. Treasury.

"Not found guilty of anything"
Yassin Kadi was never formally charged with a crime by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control. "As is customary in such cases, Washington has presented no direct evidence linking Mr. Kadi to terrorism," the New York Times reported in 2008. "But it has made public a dense labyrinth of associations and business and personal ties that it says establishes Mr. Kadi’s relationship with Mr. bin Laden and his allies."

"We have not found Mr. Kadi guilty of anything," Adam J. Szubin, director of OFAC, told the Times. "But we have found that he is a supporter of terror."

"The post-911 credo became one of pre-emption and acting on suspicion," says Marieke DeGoede in her 2012 book Speculative Security:  The Politics of Pursuing Terrorist Monies. OFAC uses its new powers to freeze assets "during the pendancy of an investigation," which means, effectively, that the government is able to stop the operations of charities suspected of being terrorist fronts "without any formal determination of wrongdoing."

Kadi, who has repeatedly claimed that he has given no support to terrorism, told the Times that the result was a legal paradox.  When no criminal charge has been brought and the evidence on which the charges are based has been classified, "there is no way to defend yourself."

Kadi denied all the allegations as totally untrue. "I don’t have any connection, be it close or distant, with Al-Qaeda or its leader Bin Laden, either directly or indirectly," he told Asharq Al-Awsat, a sister publication of Arab News, in an interview.

Legal action

December 2001: Appeals listing and asset freeze
In December 2001, Kadi filed a challenge to the EU listing and asset freeze in the European Court of First Instance (General Court).  His appeal was based on a claim that he had been denied fundamental due process. The same month, he also petitioned the U.S. Department of Treasury (OFAC) for reconsideration of his listing and asset freeze.

Move to Turkey
After 11 September 2001, Yassin Kadi moved many of his operations to Istanbul, Turkey and Switzerland. Forbes reported that Kadi is a friend of Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Erdogan is quoted as having said "I know Mr. Kadi. I believe in him as I believe in myself. For Mr. Kadi to associate with a terrorist organization, or support one, is impossible."

November 2002: Defendant in 9/11 lawsuit
On 15 August 2002, firefighters, rescue workers and more than 600 relatives of victims of the September 11 attacks filed a $116 trillion lawsuit against Osama bin Laden, the Saudi Bin Laden Group, three Saudi princes, the government of Sudan, seven international banks, eight Islamic foundations, charities and subsidiaries, and many other defendants. Kadi was added to the list of defendants on 22 November 2002, along with 50 more people and organizations, bringing the total number of defendants to 186. The amount of money sought was reduced to $1 trillion, but the number of plaintiffs soon increased to 2,500 after the suit was widely publicized. Technically, Kadi was part of the "Third Amended Complaint" in the case of Thomas E. Burnett, Sr., et al. v. Al Baraka Investment and Development Corporation, et al., originally filed in the District of Columbia.

Informally, the case is called the "911 Lawsuit," and it is a landmark case that has been examined in great detail by legal scholars. In 2005 the case was combined with several other lawsuits to become In re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, MDL 1570, filed in the Southern District of New York. The case grew to more than 6,500 plaintiffs, collectively called "9/11 Families United to Bankrupt Terrorism."

March 2004: Delisting request denied by OFAC
On 12 March 2004, OFAC issued a 20-page unclassified memorandum denying Kadi's request for reconsideration. It determined that Kadi played "a significant leadership role" in the Muwafaq ("Blessed Success") Foundation, as one of six trustees, and the others "delegated . . . the running and the operation of the Foundation" to Kadi, who "was the driving force behind the administration of the foundation." He "effectively conceded that he directly supervised the individual country offices." OFAC relied on Kadi's involvement in Muwafaq and, in particular, activities claimed to have occurred in Bosnia, Albania, Sudan and Pakistan, to conclude that "Kadi financially supported terrorist activities, primarily through Muwafaq, but also through other Kadi-owned entities." It considered Kadi's "relationship with and financial transfers to, designated terrorists Abdul Latif Saleh, Wa'el Julaidan, and Chariq Ayadi -- who were all involved in Muwafaq."

According to OFAC's findings, "Muwafaq gave logistical and financial support to Al-Gama'at Al-Islamiya, a mujahadin battalion in Bosnia that was designated as SGDT on October 31, 2001. The organization also transferred $500,000 to terrorist organizations in the Balkans in the mid-1990s." OFAC found that Muwafaq "was involved in arms trafficking from Albania to Bosnia," and concluded that "as of late 2001, Kadi had continued to finance institutions and organizations in the Balkans after Muwafaq had ceased operations there, including two entities that were designated as SDGTs in early 2002 -- the Revival of Islamic Heritage Society's Pakistan and Afghanistan offices, and the Bosnia-Herzegovina branch of the Al-Haramain Foundation."

September 2004: Complaint against Swiss prosecutor
On 21 September 2004, the Swiss Federal Criminal Court ruled in Kadi's favor with regard to complaints brought by Kadi's lawyers against the Swiss prosecutor, Deputy Swiss Attorney General Claude Nicati. The Swiss court ordered that Kadi's lawyers be given full access to Nicati's entire file, including all notes taken by Nicati of his meeting with Jean-Charles Brisard.

"Brisard is the lead investigator for the US lawyers in the civil action brought in the US courts on behalf of the families of the victims of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks and cannot therefore be regarded as independent," his lawyers said. "Of particular concern to Al-Qadi was his discovery that Brisard passed to US lawyers documents he received from Nicati’s file in his capacity as expert."

On 27 March 2006, an extraordinary prosecutor appointed to investigate the matter concluded that Kadi's allegations were baseless and dismissed the action, finding that there was no evidence that Brisard or his assistants had improperly passed on information to Nicati.

September 2005: EU denies request for delisting
In September 2005, the EU Court of First Instance (General Court) denied Kadi's appeal, saying that compliance with EU law need not be considered because the UN Security Council has primacy. Kadi appealed to the EU Court of Justice.

December 2005: Wins case in Switzerland
The Federal Criminal Court in Berne, Switzerland, "cleared Al-Qadi of any wrongdoing in a case stemming from the 9/11 attacks," his lawyers announced on 12 December 2005. The charges had alleged that Kadi gave money in 1998 ostensibly to construct student housing at Al-Iman University in Yemen while knowing that the funds may have ended up supporting Al-Qaeda's plan to attack New York City.

"I am very happy to know that my friend Al-Qadi has been cleared of all charges by the Swiss court," Zuhair Fayez, a Jeddah-based architect, told Arab News on 25 December. He described Kadi as a reputable businessman and said the individuals and agencies that falsely accused Kadi of funding terrorism must be held responsible for damaging his reputation and interests.

December 2007: Delisted by Switzerland
On 13 December 2007, based on the results of its own six-year investigation, a Swiss court removed Kadi from the country's list of blocked terrorists.  Arab News reported that Kadi was exonerated "on all charges" and said that his money in Swiss banks and the Geneva-based Faisal bank would be unfrozen. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union and therefore had no obligation to comply with the EU listing.

September 2008: EU Court of Justice rules in favor of Kadi
In 2008 the European Court of Justice overturned sanctions against Kadi by individual European Union governments, on the grounds the EU nations had not offered those sanctioned a chance for the judicial review of their matter.

On 3 September 2008, the EU Court of Justice (higher court) ruled in favor of Kadi, "saying UN agreements cannot have the effect of prejudicing constitutional principles agreed to in the treaty establishing the European Community. The court found the EU regulation allowing listing and asset freezes to breach fundamental human rights, since no evidence was communicated to Kadi, and the right of defence and effective judicial review were prejudiced. It gave EU authorities three months to remedy these defects, leaving the sanctions in place during that time."

According to Forbes magazine, none of the bodies that have sanctioned Kadi have made public any of the evidence upon which the sanctions were and continued to be based.

On 22 October 2008, Martin Scheinin, in a report to the United Nations Security Council, suggested greater openness and transparency for making known the reasons individuals and organizations were being sanctioned.
He stated:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|
"Leaving things as they are at the U.N. level ... is the least preferred option, as it would result in a wave of litigation and the credibility of the overall United Nations counterterrorism framework would be at risk."
|}

November 2008: EU Commission renews listing and asset freeze
In October 2008, the EU Commission (sanctions agency) provided to Kadi's attorneys a brief summary of the UN's reasons for listing Kadi, and they gave Kadi an opportunity for comment. On 28 November 2008, the EU Commission renewed its listing and assets freeze against Kadi.

December 2008: Partially delisted by UK Treasury
In December 2008, the UK Treasury removed Yassin Kadi from its list of persons designated as terrorists under its Terrorism (United Nations Measures) Order 2001 (the "2001 Order"), but left him on a second list of persons designated as terrorists under separate UK legislation, the Al Qaeda and Taliban (United Nations Measures) Order 2006 (the "2006 Order"), which contained different listing criteria.

According to his UK lawyers at Carter-Ruck, "this delisting followed a comprehensive review by the UK Treasury of the case against Mr. Kadi, including a review of the materials which had been used to support Mr. Kadi's original designation, after which the UK Treasury concluded that "the case against (Mr. Kadi) no longer meets the test set out in ... the Terrorism Order."

January 2009: Kadi v Timothy Geithner et al
On 16 January 2009, Kadi filed suit against officers of the U.S. Department of Treasury (OFAC) in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (Yassin Abdullah Kadi v. Timothy Geithner et al., Civil Action No. 09-0108; and Kadi v. Paulson et al., a request for agency decision review assigned to Judge John D. Bates, Case 28–1331).

The lawsuit and request for agency review challenged Kadi's designation as a terrorist and the asset freeze.  Kadi raised "constitutional claims regarding due process, free speech, and protection from unreasonable seizure of assets."

February 2009: Second challenge to EU listing and EU freeze
In February 2009, Kadi filed a new lawsuit with the EU General Court (formerly the Court of First Instance), challenging the EU's 28 November 2008 decision to renew his listing and assets freeze.

August 2009: UN clarifies reasons for listing Kadi
On 13 August 2009, the United Nations Security Council Committee concerning Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entities (the "Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee") posted additional information and a narrative summary of their reasons for listing Yasin Abdullah Ezzeddine Kadi. The reasons included:
Kadi's acknowledgement of his role as founding trustee and director of the actions of the Muwafaq Foundation, a foundation which historically operated under the umbrella of the Makhtab al-Khidamat, an organization which was the predecessor of Al-Qaida and which was founded by Usama bin Ladin
Kadi's decision in 1992 to hire Shafiq ben Mohamed ben Mohamed al-Ayadi as head the European offices of the Muwafaq Foundation
The 1995 testimony of Talad Fuad Kassem, who said that the Muwafaq Foundation had provided logistical and financial support for a fighters' battalion in Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the Muwafaq Foundation was involved in providing financial support for terrorist activities of the fighters, as well as arms trafficking from Albania to Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kadi's role as a major shareholder in the now closed Sarajevo-based Depositna Banka, where planning sessions for an attack against a United States facility in Saudi Arabia may have taken place
Kadi's ownership of several firms in Albania which funneled money to extremists or employed extremists in positions where they controlled the firm's funds
Evidence that Bin Laden provided the working capital for up to five of Kadi's companies in Albania.

Based on these reasons, the U.N. Security Council resolved to continue listing Yassin Kadi as a suspected supporter of al-Qaeda terrorists and the United States Department of Treasury has continued to classify Kadi as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist.

January 2010: UK Supreme Court delists Kadi
On 27 January 2010, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (the highest appellate court for the UK) annulled the listing criteria of "the 2006 Order," the Al Qaeda and Taliban (United Nations Measures) Order 2006. In the case of Her Majesty's Treasury v Ahmed the court struck down the operative part of the legislation, and ruled that it must be quashed as being ultra vires, or beyond the powers of the government which were conferred under the UK's United Nations Act 1946, which allowed the UK to implement UN Security Council Resolutions.

Thus Kadi's removal from a second UK list of persons designated as terrorists "was done as the result of the finding of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom that any such designation (as was done in Mr. Kadi's case in contravention of his fundamental rights) was illegal."

September 2010: EU Court rules in Kadi’s favor, faults UN procedures
On 30 September 2010, the EU General Court once again ruled in favor of Kadi, "noting that the UN procedure, despite improvements in the establishment of an Ombudsman Office to make recommendations on delisting requests, lacks fundamental due process protections, including sufficient notice of the charges and denying 'most minimal access to the evidence against him.'" It said: "In essence the Security Council has still not deemed it appropriate to establish an independent and impartial body responsible for hearing ... decisions taken by the Sanctions Committee." (Paragraph 128).

According to Kadi's solicitors at Carter-Ruck, the ruling had the effect of striking down the European asset-freezing regulation that was imposed on Kadi on 28 November 2008 after he had won his appeal to the European Court of Justice.

8 September 2011: Sued by Lloyd's
Kadi was among nine defendants sued by the Lloyd's of London insurance syndicate on 8 September 2011 in a "landmark legal case against Saudi Arabia, accusing the kingdom of indirectly funding al-Qa'ida and demanding the repayment of £136m [$215 million] it paid out to victims of the 9/11 attacks." Formally titled Underwriting Members of Lloyd's Syndicate 3500 v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia et al., the civil suit was filed in Pittsburgh (the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania).

"Absent the sponsorship of al Qaeda’s material sponsors and supporters, including the defendants named herein, al Qaeda would not have possessed the capacity to conceive, plan and execute the September 11th attacks," according to the 154-page complaint.

Yassin Kadi is listed along with the following defendants:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
The Saudi High Commission for Relief of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SHCR)
The Saudi Joint Relief Committee for Kosovo and Chechnya (SJRC)
The Saudi Arabian Red Crescent Society (SRCS)
The National Commercial Bank (NCB)
The Al-Rajhi Bank and Investment Company (ARABIC)
Prince Salman Bin Abdul-Aziz al Saud
Sulaiman Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi (SAAR)

March 2012: U.S. Judge denies Kadi's motion to delist
On 19 March 2012, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia dismissed Kadi's 2009 lawsuit against the officers of the U.S. Department of Treasury (OFAC). Judge John D. Bates brushed off Kadi's claim that OFAC "simply ignored" his explanation that Muwafaq was an organization engaged in charitable activities. Kadi had said the government believes Muwafaq is a front for bin Laden because USA Today reported that. "To the extent Kadi contends that newspaper articles cannot be relied upon by the government at all, that proposition is not well-grounded," Bates wrote. "As already stated, reliance on hearsay is plainly allowed. Furthermore, reliance on newspaper articles has been permitted to 'fill in evidentiary gaps when there is corroboration,' as well as to provide background information", Bates explained in his judgement.

Bates stated "the Court finds that this claim must be dismissed because (1) the bill of attainder clause does not apply to acts taken by a regulatory agency and (2) even if it did, the clause is not triggered here, because there was no action constituting 'punishment'".

October 2012: UN Security Council delists Kadi
The U.N. Security Council created an independent ombudsman in 2009 to handle requests to get off the blacklist. The decision to delist Kadi came following his request for removal, according to a UN statement.

It stated that "after concluding its consideration of the delisting request submitted by this individual through the Ombudsperson established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1904 (2009), and after considering the Comprehensive Report of the Ombudsperson on this delisting request. Therefore, the assets freeze, travel ban and arms embargo set out in paragraph 1 of Security Council resolution 1989 (2011) no longer apply to the following individual."

July 2013: European Court of Justice upholds annulment of terrorism designation
The European Commission, the European Council, and the United Kingdom appealed against the 2010 ruling of the EU General Court which had struck down the freezing of Kadi's European assets. The Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union declined the appeal. According to Maya Lester, the decision hinged upon the court having gone through "each reason for the decision to re-list Yassin Kadi in 2008, and Mr Kadi’s evidence in response, and found none of the reasons to have been substantiated with evidence". The court stated that "since no information or evidence has been produced to substantiate the allegations, roundly refuted by Mr. Al-Qadi, of his being involved in activities linked to international terrorism, those allegations are not such as to justify the adoption, at European Union level, of restrictive measures against him."

September 2014: US unblocks property and interests
On 11 September 2014, OFAC unblocked the property and interests in property of Yassin Kadi pursuant to E.O. 13224, "Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism."

References

Bibliography

Cited in Footnotes

 Blackburn, Chris "Jamaat-i-Islam: A Threat to Bangladesh?" Secular Voice of Bangladesh website
 Gerth, Jeff and Judith Miller, "On The List: Philanthropist or Fount of Funds for Terrorists?" New York Times, 13 October 2001
 Jackson, David et al. "U.S.: Money Trail Leads to Saudi," Chicago Tribune, 29 October 2001
 Johnson, Jeff "Whistleblower Complains of FBI Obstruction," CNS News, 30 May 2002, APFN.org website
 Morais, Richard C., and Denet C. Tezel (2008-01-24). "The Al Qadi Affair". Forbes magazine. Retrieved 2008-10-23. mirror
 Simpson, Glenn R. "Well Connected, A Saudi Mogul Skirts Sanctions," Wall Street Journal, 29 August 2007
 Thomas Jr., Landon "A Wealthy Saudi Mired in Limbo Over an Accusation of Terrorism," New York Times, 12 December 2008
 Who's Who in the Arab World: 1981-1982 (University of Michigan: Publitec, 1981) p. 820

Additional References

 Bascio, Patrick, Defeating Islamic Terrorism: An Alternative Strategy (Branden Books, 2007) p. 50-51
 Brisard, Jean-Charles and Guillaume Dasquié. Forbidden Truth: U.S.-Taliban Secret Oil Diplomacy and the Failed Hunt for Bin Laden (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2002)
 Comras, Victor D. Flawed Diplomacy: The United Nations and the War on Terrorism
(Potomac Books Inc., 2010) p. 98
 DeGoede, Marieke. Speculative Security: The Politics of Pursuing Terrorist Monies
(University of Minnesota Press, 2012) p. 133 ff.
 Levitt, Matthew. Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad (Yale
University Press, 2007), p. 168
 Posner, Gerald.  Secrets of the Kingdom: The Inside Story of the Saudi-U.S. Connection (New York: Random House, 2005).
 Powis, Robert E. The Money Launderers. (Chicago: Probis Publishing Company, 1992).
 Randal, Jonathan. Osama: The Making of a Terrorist (New York: Vintage Books, 2004).
 Rubin, Barry. Guide to Islamist Movements (M.E. Sharpe, 2009). Vol. 1, p. 127
 Truell, Peter and Larry Gurwin. False Profits: The Inside Story of BCCI, The World's Most Corrupt Financial Empire (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1992)

External links

ECJ judgment

Yassin
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Counterterrorism
Court of Justice of the European Union case law
Academic staff of Dar Al-Hekma University
International sanctions
Living people
People designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee
Saudi Arabian philanthropists


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References

Villages in Przasnysz County


Stare Helenowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stare Helenowo


Święte Miejsce () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przasnysz County


Szla  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Szla


General Sir George Cadogan  (2 December 1814 – 27 January 1880) was a general in the British Army.

Life
The fifth son of George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan and Honoria Louisa Blake (and thus the younger brother of the 4th earl). He joined the Grenadier Guards as a lieutenant in 1833, and rose to Lieutenant colonel by 1847, serving with them in the Crimean War as British Liaison officer to the Sardinian Expeditionary Corps and produced watercolours of scenes he witnessed during the war.

He served as Colonel to the 106th Regiment of Foot (Bombay Light Infantry) from 1870 to 1874 and then of the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot from 1874 to his death during which time he was promoted to full General (on 1 October 1877).

Honours
Knight in the Order of the Medjidie
Commander (1st Class) of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Marriages and issue
His first marriage was to Sophia Armstrong, daughter of colonel Thomas Armstrong, on 19 February 1846.  They had 4 children:
 Mary Cadogan b. 8 Dec 1847, d. 15 Apr 1882
 Honoria Frances Cadogan b. 15 Jun 1849, d. c 1895
 Olivia Georgiana Cadogan+ b. 3 Sep 1850, d. 19 Jul 1910, married the Florentine patrician Lippo Neri, Conte Palagi del Palagio
 Sophia Isabella Harriet Cadogan b. 7 Jan 1853, d. 3 Feb 1928

His second marriage was to Emily Ashworth, daughter of Lt-Gen Sir Frederick Ashworth, on 23 July 1857.  They had 1 child:
 Horace James Henry Cadogan b. 25 May 1862, d. 28 Apr 1932

References

External links
George Cadogan on thePeerage.com
"Cadogan's Crimea"

1814 births
1880 deaths
George
Younger sons of earls
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
British Army generals
71st Highlanders officers
106th Regiment of Foot officers


Trzcianka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Trzcianka


Wandolin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Wandolin


Wielodróż  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przasnysz County


Wygoda  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Wygoda


Wyrąb Karwacki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przasnysz County


Zakocie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Zakocie


Zawadki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przasnysz and  north of Warsaw.

References

Zawadki


Beźnik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Długa Brzezina  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Gaj  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Gaj


Głęboka Droga  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Gliniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Gliniec


Hucisko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

In 1940 it was the site of the battle between the Polish partisans of the Detached Unit of the Polish Army and German forces, which ended in Polish victory. Many civilians from the region were subject to the German repressions subsequently.

References

Hucisko


Jakubów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Warsaw.

Jakubów jest wioską w okręgu administracyjnym Gminy Przysucha w Polsce, Wieś położona jest w zachodnio-centralnej Polsce i leży 120 km od Warszawy, 40 km od Radomia.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Janików  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Janów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Kolonia Szczerbacka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Kolonia Szczerbacka


Aryeh (Arie) Dvoretzky (, ; May 3, 1916 – May 8, 2008) was a Ukrainian-born Israeli mathematician, the winner of the 1973 Israel Prize in Mathematics. He is best known for his work in functional analysis, statistics and probability. He was the eighth president of the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Biography
Aryeh Dvoretzky was born in Khorol, Imperial Russia (now Ukraine). His family immigrated to Palestine in 1922. He graduated from the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa in 1933, and received his Ph.D. at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1941.  His advisor was Michael Fekete.  He continued working in Jerusalem, becoming a full professor in 1951, the first graduate of the Hebrew University to achieve this distinction.
Dvoretzky's son Gideon was killed in the 1973 Yom Kippur War.

Academic career
Dvoretzky had visiting appointments at a number of universities, including Collège de France, Columbia University, Purdue University, Stanford University, and the University of California, Berkeley.  He also visited twice the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton (in 1948–1950 and in 1957–1958).
In 1975, he founded the Institute for Advanced Studies of Jerusalem based on the Princeton IAS model. Dvoretzky was the Dean of the Faculty of Sciences (1955–1956) and Vice President of the Hebrew University (1959–1961). He was elected president of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1974–1980) and became the eighth president of the Weizmann Institute of Science (1986–1989).  He was awarded an honorary doctorate from Tel Aviv University in 1996. Dvoretzky's students included Branko Grünbaum and Joram Lindenstrauss.

Business and civic career
In 1960, he became the head of Rafael, the weapons development authority.  He later became the chief scientist for the Israel Ministry of Defense.

Awards and recognition
In 1998, received the Solomon Bublick Award of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1973, he was awarded Israel Prize in Mathematics.

References

External links

 Webpage at the Weitzmann Institute
 1966 interview in Moscow, Russia; Eugene Dynkin Collection of Mathematics Interviews, Cornell University Library.

20th-century Israeli mathematicians
Probability theorists
Israel Prize in exact science recipients who were mathematicians
Presidents of Weizmann Institute of Science
Academic staff of Weizmann Institute of Science
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Soviet emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Ukrainian Jews
1916 births
2008 deaths
Presidents of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Functional analysts
Solomon Bublick Award recipients
Presidents of universities in Israel
Burials at Har HaMenuchot


Kozłowiec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Krajów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Kuźnica () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Lipno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Lipno


Mariówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Pomyków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Ruski Bród  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Until the local government boundary changes of 1998/99 it was, for administrative purposes, included in the Radom Voivodeship.

Geography
It lies approximately  south of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

History
During World War II , many partisan groups operated in the vicinity of Ruski Bród . The soldiers of Major Hubal were active here , and later units of the Home Army , GL and NSZ . Between January 17 and 19, 1945 , the biggest battle in the Kielce region was fought here (the so-called Kocioł pod Ruskie Bródem ) . It is estimated that there were about 60,000 German soldiers in the Soviet cauldronand their allies. The fights in the village itself and on the edge of the forests lasted 2 days and 2 nights, during which Ruski Bród changed hands many times. The fight (often even with bayonets and shovels ) was fought over individual yards and individual buildings.

The local 1000-year-old primary school is named after Hubalczyk and is a kind of monument to the branch, in the cemetery , the graves of those murdered on April 11, 1940 , in retaliation for Hubal's actions, the inhabitants of the village. A monument dedicated to the soldiers of the Red Army and the Polish Army as well as partisans killed in 1939-45 was erected in the center of the village  . Red Army soldiers were omitted in the new version of the plaque adopted on September 24, 2020, based on the recommendations of the Institute of National Remembrance  .

The town is the seat of the Roman Catholic parish of St. Teresa . Parish Church of st. Teresa, from the Child Jesus comes from 1926 .

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Skrzyńsko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

The village is known for a legend about a giant spider that killed multiple priests before being defeated.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Smogorzów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Wistka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Wistka


Wola Więcierzowa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Zawada  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Zawada


Zbożenna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przysucha, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Bolęcin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Borkowice  is a village in Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Borkowice. It lies approximately  south-east of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Borkowice


Bryzgów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Borkowice,  south of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Kochanów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Club Atletic Oradea (Nagyváradi Atlétikai Club) (), commonly known as CA Oradea (Nagyváradi AC), or simply as CAO (NAC), is a Romanian football club based in Oradea, Bihor County, which competes in the Liga IV.

The team was founded as Nagyváradi Atlétikai Club in 1910, when the city was part of Austria-Hungary. Over its history, Club Atletic Oradea won once the Hungary national title, the Romania national title and the Romania national cup. The Romanian title won in 1949, under the name of ICO Oradea, put the club based in Oradea in a select group of football clubs that won the national title in two different countries, together with Austrian side Rapid Wien, which also won the German national title, in 1941.

After World War II, CA Oradea came back in the Romanian championship, but now under the rule of communist regime, a fact that had a negative impact on the club's identity, mainly due to the ultra-nationalism of the communist leaders, who identified the football club as too connected with the Hungarian football and the Hungarian community. As a result, the club often changed its name and colors, to mislead and forget pre-communist memories. In 1945 Nagyváradi Atlétikai Club was renamed as Libertatea Oradea, then in 1948 as Întreprinderea Comunală Oradea (ICO), in 1951 as Progresul Oradea, in 1958 as CS Oradea and in 1961 as CSM Crișana Oradea (not to be confused with Crișana Oradea).

Dissolved in 1963, by the same communist regime, Club Atletic Oradea was re-established in the summer of 2017, as a football club ruled by a private management. In the same year CA Oradea was enrolled in the fifth tier (Liga V) and after only three years promoted back to the national divisions (Liga III), after 58 years of absence.

History

Early years, on the road (1910–1940)
The game of football had arrived to Nagyvárad (Oradea) in 1902 together with inhabitants that returned from study or work, from abroad or from Budapest. The first football match that was ever played on the banks of Crișul Repede river was a friendly one and was held in the Rhédey Garden. The game was gaining in popularity fast, but there was not yet an organized club to represent the town in matches against other towns. This organizational problem led to the establishment of Nagyváradi Sport Egyesület (NSE), then appeared Nagyváradi Torna Club (NTK), both multi-sport clubs, but none focused mainly on football. Then, eight years after that first football match played in Oradea's history, Nagyváradi Atlétikai Club (NAC) – in Romanian: Club Atletic Oradea (CAO) was established, also a multi-sport club, but with the football section as the "pearl of the crown".

The constituent assembly was held on 25 May 1910, in the EMKE Café (today Astoria Hotel), a place that also had an important contribution in the identity, bohemianism and cosmopolitanism of the football club. EMKE (Erdélyi Magyar Közművelődési Egyesület) Café, translated as the Coffee Shop of the Hungarian Cultural Association of Transylvania Coffee Shop, was the place where the Oradea's cultural elite spent much of its time, one of the main clients being the well-known poet Endre Ady. Back to the football club, the first board of directors was formed of: Dr. Emil Jonas (chairman), Béla Mikló (executive president), Andor Szabo (secretary) and Dr. Kálmán Kovács (cashier), one of the decision took also in that first day was to submit the documents for registration at the Hungarian Football Federation.

On 31 July 1910, NAC played its first game, against KVSC, and in January 1912 a home ground was secured, in the Rhédey Garden. The next month, a touring team from England came to town: Bishop Auckland, the Northern League champions that season, NAC won with an incredible 8–0. Before World War I, the club activated only on local and a regional level, they joined the eastern division of the Southern Hungarian League and in 1913 NAC won 25 out of 31 matches. One of the most important games for the local community, in this period, was the match against Hungarian giant, Ferencváros, played in Nagyvárad, on 6 July 1913 and lost honorable by NAC, with the score of 2–4.

During World War I (1914–1918), the football competitions were suspended, and the club suffered from the lack of activity. However, friendly matches and different sporting activities were held, even in that tough situation and with all the problems generated by world conflagration.

After the war, by the Treaty of Trianon Nagyvárad became part of Romania and officially became Oradea. The club and the city were still dominated by Hungarians. One of the most talented local players unearthed during this period was Elemér Berkessy (future FC Barcelona midfielder and Grimsby Town manager – in 1954 he became the first foreign manager in the English league).

The team joined the Romania national championship in 1921–22, but NAC – now also known as Clubul Atletic Oradea – was beaten in the "fight" for Town of Oradea champion title by Stăruința Oradea and then by Înțelegerea Oradea for the first few seasons, thus did not qualify for the national finals until 1923–24. They beat Universitatea Cluj and Jahn Cernăuți, before it was defeated in the final by Chinezul Timișoara – who would win the first six Romanian titles after the Great Union.

In 1932–33, after another spell confined to the regional tournament, CAO appeared in an expanded national competition, organized as two parallel leagues of seven teams; they finished second in their division, while local rivals Crișana Oradea came third in the other one. Two years later,
with the national league reorganized into one division, CAO finished as runners-up, sandwiched between the two dominant clubs of the period, Ripensia Timișoara and Venus București. In 1938–39 the club was relegated to a restructured Divizia B, where they remained until the next war brought a strange upturn in fortunes.

In 1932, the management of the club decided that contact with football in other countries would help the development of the sport in Oradea. So, they undertook a twelve-match tour in France and Switzerland, during which they beat  (score 5–2) Olympique Lillois, who would become in that season the inaugural French national champions, and obtained a 3–3 draw against Marseille. In the following year, the tour was in France and its North African colonies, and Oradea was spreading its fame with 21 victories and 4 draws, 110 goals scored and only 23 conceded. During the interwar period, CAO supplied eighteen Romanian internationals, however the majority were still ethnic Hungarians, Jews and Germans.

Players who starred in CAO's green and white stripes in this period included: Ferenc Rónay, the first ever goalscorer for the Romania national football team (against Yugoslavia in 1922); Nicolae Kovács, a forward who was one of only five men to play at the first three World Cups; Iuliu Baratky, a Hungarian from Oradea who opted to stay in Romania throughout the World War II, becoming a legend at Rapid București and Iuliu Bodola, a prolific goalscorer throughout the 1930s and into the 1940s. Bodola was transferred to Venus București in the Romanian capital in 1937.

Club Atletic Oradea's team that participated in the 1932 and 1933 Tours of France, Switzerland and North Africa was formed of: Ștefan Czinczer – Andrei Glanzmann, Iosif Bartha, Vasile Chiroiu, Iuliu Bodola, József Moravetz, Coloman Braun-Bogdan, Elemér Kocsis, Nicolae Kovács, Ferenc Rónay, Takács, Kraus, Nicolae Roșculeț and János Remmer (player and coach).

The Romanian-Hungarian champion (1940–1949)

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The Second Vienna Award in August 1940 annexed northern Transylvania, including Oradea, to Hitler's ally Hungary, while Romania was in the throes of its own right-wing military dictatorship. Many footballers of German or Hungarian origin who were at clubs in Bucharest, Timișoara, Arad or other parts of Romania, crossed the new border into this region and joined clubs in Oradea (Nagyvárad) or Cluj-Napoca (Kolozsvár); many of them signed for CAO – now, once again, known officially by its Hungarian name, NAC. After one season back in a Transylvanian league, NAC was promoted to the Hungarian top division. They finished second in 1942–43 and then in 1943–44 they became the first team from outside Budapest to win the Hungarian championship in its 43-year history, finishing a huge 13 points ahead of the second placed team Ferencváros.

The players who helped the club to this historic achievement included some major Hungarian and Romanian footballers of the age:

Gyula Lóránt was only 20 years old during NAC's title-winning season. He went on to play at Vasas, alongside László Kubala, who in 1949 fled the incoming Communist government and formed a team of Hungarian footballers who would play exhibition matches around Western Europe. Lóránt tried to escape and join Kubala, but was captured and interred, until the national team coach secured his release. Lóránt played for Hungary from 1949 until 1955, encompassing the greatest period of Hungarian success: he played in central defense for the Aranycsapat, the Mighty Magyars of the early 1950s. Besides winning the Romanian championship with UTA Arad and three more Hungarian titles with Honvéd, Lóránt went on to coach Bayern Munich in the late 1970s.

Iuliu Bodola or Gyula Bodola was an ethnic Hungarian born in what is now Brașov (then Brassó) in 1912. After a hugely successful seven-year spell as a prolific striker with CAO in the 1930s, and an equally fruitful three years at Venus București, he headed back to Oradea after the annexation of northern Transylvania by Hungary in 1940 and played for NAC for five years. After the war, he moved to Budapest and represented MTK Budapest. During his years in Romania he played 48 times for the Romania national football team, while from 1940 to 1943 he was a regular for Hungary national football team. Remarkably, he held the Romanian international goalscoring record for 66 years, from 1931 until 1997, when Gheorghe Hagi overtook his total of 30 goals. The municipal stadium in Oradea is now named after him.

József Pecsovszky known in Romania as Iosif Petschovschi or simply ‘Peci’, was another young member of the successful NAC team and was capped by Hungary at the age of 21. An attacking midfielder from Timișoara, of Hungarian extraction, Peci would later become a hero in Arad due to his starring role in UTA's three league titles in the 1940s,
and then won two further championships with CCA București in the 1950s. His first game for Romania was against Hungary in Budapest in 1945, alongside Spielmann and Simatoc; he scored, but Hidegkuti and Puskás scored two each in a 7–2 win for the Magyars. Pecsovszky is one of the all-time greats of Romanian football.

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Francisc Spielmann, known in Hungary as Ferenc Sárvári, top-scorer for NAC in their title-winning season, with 23 goals; he was also the Hungarian player of the year.

The coach of the side throughout NAC's Hungarian period was 1920s CAO hot-shot Ferenc Rónay.

Gusztáv Juhász, also spelled (in Romania) as Gustav Iuhași, had been a regular in midfield for the Romania national football team since 1934, when he was also part of the CAO team that finished second in the Romanian championship. Together with Bodola and Rudolf Demetrovics, Juhász was part of the great Venus București team of the late 1930s.

Nicolae Simatoc, a reserve, was the only ethnic Romanian in the NAC squad; he was kept out of the starting line-up by the all-Timișorean midfield of Petschovschi, Demetrovits and Juhász. Simatoc eventually would go on to spend one season alongside Kubala at FC Barcelona, as well as two years at Inter Milan.

The 1944–45 Hungarian season was abandoned after four games due to the movement of the front, and NAC never played in the Hungarian league again: Northern Transylvania was occupied by Soviet and Romanian troops in 1944 and later reverted to Romania at the end of the war. NAC/CAO changed its name to Libertatea Oradea in 1948, and then to ICO Oradea the following year after the Soviet takeover of Romania. Petschovschi, Bodola and Ronnay left for Ferar Cluj – the third-placed team in Hungary in 1943–44 - while five of the championship-winning team would form the core of a new dominant power in Romania, ITA Arad.

By 1948–49, only three players remained from the great NAC team of 1943–44. And yet ICO Oradea became Romanian champions. Gheorghe Váczi, an ethnic Hungarian who was capped by Romania, contributed 21 goals in 26 matches. They also had names such as Vécsey, Spielmann, Vasile Ion, Bodo, Zilahi, Serfözö or Mircea David and the coach in that year was Nicolae Kovács, former CAO player and brother of the Ștefan Kovács who would coach Ajax to great success in the early 1970s.

The last performance and many changes (1950–1963)

After the title won with ICO, coach Nicolae Kovács returned on the banks of Bega river, in the city where he had learn the secrets of football, but this time as the coach of Știința Timisoara, (future Politehnica Timișoara). In the place of Kovács, his former teammate from the golden squad of NAC, Gusztáv Juhász, had returned, now as a head coach of the "white and greens". The squad had not undergone major changes, but the organization of Romanian football league system had taken, with the year 1950, the total course of the Soviet model. The championship starts to be played in the spring-autumn frequency, instead of autumn-spring, then all the teams were renamed after the new agreed model, for example, the clubs supported by the army end up wearing the abbreviations "CCA", "CA" or "ASA". , the teams affiliated to the Miliția became Dinamo, in fact, Dinamo București created a real system of satellites during this period, on the entire territory of Romania, from Bacău to Brașov and from Cluj-Napoca to Slatina. Other football clubs were also renamed, as "Science" (for teams affiliated to Universities), "Miner", "Flame" or "Metal" (for football clubs affiliated to industry branches, depending on the industry they represented).

In 1951, the management of the football club opted for a new change of identity, ICO was renamed as Progresul Oradea, the second important step in the plan of blurring the identity of the club. This time the club's colors were also changed from "white and green" to "blue, bleu and white" similar with the colors combination used by Progresul București (which was named Spartac Banca RPR at the time), but often combined with white or red, in any case, a new identity and not too well defined, but also not so representative for Oradea of those times. In the 1951 season, however, Progresul, under the leadership of the same Gusztáv Juhász, achieved a rank beyond expectations, occupying the last step of the podium after CCA București and Dinamo București. In that team of Oradea appeared among others, the veterans Mircea David, Adolf Vécsey or János Kovács II (from the past teams of CAO/NAC), the younger Vasile Ion, Ladislau Zilahi, Gavril Serfözö, Gheorghe Bodo or Gheorghe Váczi (from the ICO generation of 1949), but also the defender Iuliu Darok (a product of Dermata Cluj and already Romanian international since 1947) or the new "terrible child" of Crișana, Iuliu Kiss, a product of Metalul Oradea Football Academy (former Stăruința), a club that also gave other "heavy names" to the Romanian football, such as Iosif Bartha or Iuliu Barátky, among others.

After a 1952 season that was ended on an honorable 6th place, under the management of Dincă Schileru, Progresul lost some important pieces, such as: Adolf Vécsey, Vasile Ion, Gheorghe Melan, Gavril Serfözö or Gheorghe Váczi, after it already lost Mircea David and János Kovács II at the end of 1951 (both retired). After two seasons, in which former important players of CAO, such as Elemér Kocsis or Iuliu Barátky (in his second term and the last one as manager of CAO) took the lead of the team, Progresul relegated under the command of the same Dincă Schileru, who was signed in the summer of 1954 in order to save the team from relegation, but relegated from the bottom of the league table. The situation of Oradea's football club seemed problematic, but Progresul was unexpectedly well organized, signing in the spring of 1955 a new manager, its former player (newly retired, at that time) Ladislau Zilahi.

As a Divizia B team, Progresul Oradea reached the 1955 Cupa României final, which was lost with 3–6 în front of CCA București. The following year as a Divizia A team, the club won the 1956 Cupa României final, after a 2–0 win against Divizia B team Energia Câmpia Turzii. The winning squad of Progresul was managed by Camil Scherz and formed of the following players: Adalbert Gébner – Gheorghe Kromely, Andor Tyirják, Gheorghe Barcu, Iosif Bartha, Ștefan Cuc, Ludovic Tóth, Ladislau Köszegi, Alexandru Karikas, Ladislau Vlad and Iosif Mészáros.

However, the club's destiny had been sealed some time before this demotion, when the communist leadership of the Oradea Region decided that a new and "clean" club was needed, without a too twisted, cosmopolitan past or that could remind of times before the World War II. Thus, on 1 April 1958, Crișul Oradea Sports Club (the future FC Bihor Oradea) was established, with red and blue as the main colors. In the summer of the same year, 1958, Progresul Oradea was renamed again, this time as CS Oradea. For a total misleading of the public, the logos of the two clubs were now almost identical, and the colors of CS Oradea (CAO) had also become red and blue, both teams playing on the same stadium, Iuliu Bodola Stadium. After a brief period as CS Oradea (1958–1962), the name of the football club was changed again, this time, the local authorities opted for CSM Crișana Oradea, another confusing choice, because this name was already used by a completely different club (see Crișana Oradea), before World War II, also a bitter rival of CA Oradea. After yo-yoing between the top two divisions for a few years (Rónay returned as coach in 1962–63), in 1963 the club was dissolved. That same year another club from Oradea won promotion to the top division, Crișul Oradea, a club which was mostly known as FC Bihor Oradea. The city of Oradea blazed brightly on the region's football firmament, with some of Hungary and Romania's greatest players of the age – one cup, and a league title in two countries – but it is now very much in the shadows: FC Bihor was dissolved on 12 January 2016 after a stormy history and in the spring of 2017 this dissolution subsequently realizing a strange reversed situation of the early 1960s.

New era, the same spirit (2017–present)

On 22 December 2016 CAO 1910 Association was founded, then on 17 March 2017 the association changed its status as a sports association named: Asociația Club Sportiv CAO 1910, thus marking the refoundation of the white and green team. The refounding of the club was followed by a marketing promotion period, in which, among other things, the official website of the club and the Facebook official page were launched.

Then, on 28 July 2017 a partnership was signed between CAO and CSM Oradea, the team that took over the FC Bihor Oradea youth academy after its dissolution, but which didn't have a senior squad, so through this partnership CSM Oradea ensured a continuity for the youth players at senior level and CAO assured a youth academy. In the same period the team was enrolled in Liga V.

At the end of the season CAO had an impressive ranking line, 24 wins, one draw and only one defeat, 146 goals scored and 21 conceded, 73 points, with 15 more than their main promotion rival, Dinamo Oradea. After the promotion, "the white and greens" continued their strategy to promote young players, being ranked 2nd in the Liga IV, Bihor series, at the end of the 2018–19 season, 13 points away from the champions, CSC Sânmartin, a team with many players of certain quality and experience, as Salif Nogo, Alexandru Sorian or Florin Pop, among others.

The second season of Liga IV and the third one after the refoundation was beyond the expectations for the "white and greens". CA Oradea won all his matches in the autumn campaign, scored 69 goals and conceded only 6, leading the league table with a total of 45 points. The season was suspended during the winter break, due to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, then on 21 May 2020, CAO was crowned as the champions of Liga IV, Bihor Series based on the results of the matches that were played in the autumn of 2019. The promotion play-offs were played on the Municipal Stadium in Zalău, and CAO was assigned in a group of three teams, together with CSM Satu Mare and Someșul Dej. CAO lost 1–3 against Satu Mare, than won 2–1 against Someșul, being ranked 2nd. Finally all the teams from that group were promoted to 2020–21 Liga III, due to the Liga III competition format changes.

In 2020, Oradea Municipality and APTOR (Local Public Association for Tourism) entered in the association, along with the already existing Oradea Renaștem Împreună Association (the association that reunite the founding members, the private sponsors and which owns Club Atletic Oradea brands, registered at the Romanian State Office for Inventions and Trademarks). At the end of the first season spent in the national divisions, after 58 years of absence, CA Oradea was ranked on an honorable 4th place, out of 10, then in the summer of 2021, the club announced that will be a break up between the owners (Oradea Municipality, APTOR and Oradea Renaștem Împreună) due to a difference of opinion between the public and the private parts. Municipality of Oradea wanted a merger between the two brands, Club Atletic Oradea (owned by Oradea Renaștem Împreună) and FC Bihor Oradea (owned by the Municipality), while the private side did not agree with this and wanted to continue the Club Atletic Oradea project. The owners agreed that the private management of the club will retire from the executive management and the association will work as Club Atletic Oradea only for another season, being expected an exchange of places through which FC Bihor (supported by the public owners), will reach the third tier, while the private owners (Oradea Renaștem Împreună, the official owner of the Club Atletic Oradea brands) will continue to support the white and green club, but a division below, back in the fourth league.

CA Oradea had a good 2021–22 season and was ranked 2nd, out of 10, qualifying for Liga II promotion play-offs, where it was eliminated in the semi-final round, by Corvinul Hunedoara, 2–4 on aggregate. On 24 June 2022, Club Atletic Oradea announced officially the break up, and that the club will continue in the county leagues, under the ownership of the private management, which also own the Club Atletic Oradea brands, registered at the Romanian State Office for Inventions and Trademarks. On the place of CAO, in the Liga III will play the club owned by the Municipality of Oradea and APTOR.

Crest and colours

Crest
Club Atletic Oradea's first emblem, used between 1910 and 1919, was an almost replica of River Plate crest, the differences consist of a green sash instead of a red one, and also the initials NAC (Nagyváradi Atlétikai Club) wrote on diagonal, in opposition with the sash. For the next 20 years (1920–1940), the club used the first logo that introduced the green stripes, positioned on a white background, inside of a brown circle. On the logo were the two initials, CAO (Club Atletic Oradea) and NAC, as a symbol of the Romanian-Hungarian culture and friendship that existed around the club.

In 1930, at the 20th anniversary of the club, the administrative staff decided to make a special logo. They modified the current logo, changing the places between the white background and green lines. At the time, the club was in the Hungarian championship, so on the top of the crest appeared only NAC, as an abbreviation, wrote with gold colour. On the sides appeared the laurels and on the bottom of the logo, on two different ribbons were marked the year of foundation (1910) and the current year (1930).

The last form of the logo with Hungarian influences was during the 1940s, with the same white and green stripes, now having some gold lines between them. On the top of the logo was written Nagyváradi AC, on the bottom, the year of foundation 1910 and in the middle was placed a local coat of arms.

After 1945, the club was moved back in Romania, but this time under the communist regime installed by the Soviets, fact that led to the removal of any Hungarian names.  The club's name, as well as the crest, were frequently changed, not less than five times in the next 20 years. Some of them were lost in time, but for example, between 1951 and 1958, when the club was known under the name of Progresul Oradea used a triangular logo, with a bleu, blue and white water tower in the middle. On the top of the crest appeared the name of the club, in red colour.

In 2017, after the refoundation, the club moved back to the name of Club Atletic Oradea and the original white and green colours. The new logo uses a rounded shape, with a green background and a gold outline. Above the logo are two golden stars representing the two national titles won by the club in Hungary (1944) and Romania (1949), inside the shape appears with white letters the name of the club and the year of foundation, as well as a stylized golden shape of the Oradea's Fortress.

In 2022, the club introduced a more modern variant of the logo used in the interwar period. The new logo is composed of a white shield, with green vertical stripes, having a geometric shape inspired by the emblems used both in the interwar period and in the first part of the 1940s. At the top of the logo, there are the two abbreviations so well known and confused with the club's history: CAO (Club Atletic Oradea) and NAC (Nagyváradi Atlétikai Club), a symbol of diversity and good cooperation between the main peoples who contributed to the development of Oradea. The new logo also borrows two elements from the last logo (used between 2017 and 2021), the two green stars, representing the titles won in Hungary (1944) and Romania (1949), as well as the year of founding, 1910.

Colours and Kits
The original colours of the club are white and green, this combination was used almost regularly with the exception of some periods, in which colours such as bleu, blue or white were printed on the kits.

The classic home kit of Club Atletic Oradea consists of a white body with green stripes, white shorts and green or white socks. After the refoundation, the club used in the first season a printed form of the original kits used by the club, as a symbolic connecting bridge of the current side with the glorious history of the squad from the banks of the Crișul Repede river. Starting with the 2019–20 season, CAO also adopted a red and blue kit, current colors of Oradea and Bihor County, city and region which it represents.

Grounds

In the first 14 years of their existence (1910–1924), "the white and greens" used to play the home matches on the historical stadium of the city, Tineretului Stadium, known at that time as Rhédey Garden, with a capacity of 5,000 people. The stadium was replaced as the first ground with the opening of the new stadium, Municipal Stadium, in 1924. Until its dissolution, in 1963, CAO played its home matches on the Municipal Stadium, with a capacity of approx. 10,000 people, at that time.

In 2017, after the re-establishment of the club, "the white and greens" started to play on the same Municipal Stadium, now known under the name of Iuliu Bodola Stadium, with a capacity of 11,155 on seats, the biggest from Bihor County and named after Iuliu Bodola, CAO's great player of the 1930s and 1940s. The home ground of CAO was established here due to the partnership with CSM Oradea and the financial support of the Municipality of Oradea, the owner of the arena. In the summer of 2022, CAO and the Municipality broke up the partnership and the team moved to Paleu, in the Oradea Metropolitan Area.

Club Atletic Oradea plays its home matches on Paleu Sports Base in Paleu, with a capacity of 1,500 (300 on seats). In the past, the arena was the home ground of local team FC Paleu.

Support
Club Atletic Oradea had the most important fan base in the city of Oradea, until its dissolution in 1963. The "sleeping giant" was revived in 2017, after 54 years of existence, but despite the skepticism from the beginning, the fan-base was fastly organized, mostly due to socios program of the club. In a short period of time an ultras group was also formed, under the name of "Galeria Verzilor" (The Greens).

Rivalries
CA Oradea's historical bitter rivals are Ripensia Timișoara (since the 1930s), but has also other important rivalries with teams based in the west part of Romania such as: UTA Arad or Politehnica Timișoara, rivalries established during the 1950s. In the past, CAO also had important rivals at the local level, matches against teams such as Stăruința Oradea or Crișana Oradea being recognized for their intensity.

In the modern times, Club Atletic Oradea supporters maintain a bitter rivalry with Oradea-based FC Bihor Oradea, phoenix club of FC Bihor (1958). The history of FC Bihor and CAO relationship is complicated and with a lot of ups and downs, the establishment of the original FC Bihor, in 1958, meant the death of the white-greens, situation that was almost repeated in 2022. A feeling of deja vu appeared when the Municipality of Oradea opted for the establishment of a new FC Bihor Oradea, but this time, CAO survived due to its private management and resources, but was needed to enroll a league below, in the Liga IV. In the modern era, an important local rivalry, but of lower intensity, is against Lotus Băile Felix.

Youth program
In 2017, after the re-foundation, CAO formed its academy following the partnership signed with CSM Oradea, the club which took over the youth academy of Bihor Oradea after its dissolution in 2016. Between 2020 and 2021, CAO–CSM Academy was coordinated by Stelian Farcău and Florin Farcaș (who was also the manager of CA Oradea's senior squad) and the coaches were Claudiu Mutu, Sorin Todea, Horea Rădulescu, Sorin Pop, Lucian Ciocan and Adrian Gongolea.

In the summer of 2022, Club Atletic Oradea and CSM Oradea broke the partnership they had, "the white and greens" starting to form their own youth program, while CSM Oradea, supported by the Municipality of Oradea, starting to form their own senior squad, mainly with players that played for CAO.

Honours

Romania

Leagues
Liga I
Winners (1): 1948–49
Runners-up (2): 1923–24, 1934–35
Liga II
Winners (2): 1955, 1961–62
Runners-up (1): 1938–39
Liga III
Runners-up (1): 2021–22
Liga IV – Bihor County
Winners (1): 2019–20
Runners-up (1): 2018–19
Liga V – Bihor County
Winners (1): 2017–18
Regional Championship
Winners (2): 1923–24, 1924–25

Cups
Cupa României
Winners (1): 1956
Runners-up (1): 1955

Hungary

Leagues
Nemzeti Bajnokság I
Winners (1): 1943–44
Runners-up (1): 1942–43
Nemzeti Bajnokság II
Winners (1): 1940–41
Regional Championship
Winners (1): 1913–14

Players

First-team squad

Out on loan

U19 (Primavera) squad

Club officials

Board of directors

Current technical staff

Shirt sponsors and manufacturers

Chronology of names

League history

Notable former players
The footballers enlisted below have had international cap(s) for their respective countries at junior and/or senior level.

Romania
 Iuliu Borbely
 Vasile Chiroiu
 Mircea David
 Anton Fernbach-Ferenczi
 Andrei Glanzmann
 Gusztáv Juhász
 Elemér Kocsis
 Cornel Orza
 Ferenc Rónay
 Gavril Serfözö
 Nicolae Simatoc
 Iosif Stibinger
 Gheorghe Váczi
 Ladislau Zilahi

Hungary
 Elemér Berkessy
 Gyula Lóránt
 Andor Ónody

Romania-Hungary
  Iuliu Baratky
  Iuliu Bodola
  Nicolae Kovács
  Francisc Mészáros
  József Pecsovszky
  Francisc Spielmann
  Albert Ströck

Notable former managers

  Iuliu Baratky
  Nicolae Kovács
 Lajos Remmer
 Ferenc Rónay
 Camil Schertz
 Ladislau Zilahi

Management

 dr. Emil Jonas (1910–1911)
 dr. Sándor Dénes (1911–1913)
 dr. Emil Adorján (1913–1919)
  János Pelle (1921–1930)
  István Kovács & Gyula Grünstein (1930–1932)
  János Pelle & Ernö Popper (1932–1933)
 Justin Filip (1937–1938)
  János Pelle (1938–1939)
 Rezső Jeney & Béla Jancsó (1940–1941)
 Rezső Jeney & Károly Krüger (1941–1943)
 Gyula Cseuz (1944–1945)
 Ștefan Hittner (1945–1948)
 dr. Ardelean (1962–1963)
 Florin Mal (2017–2021)
 Laurențiu Danșa (2021–2022)
 Florin Mal (2022–present)

References

External links

Official website

Association football clubs established in 1910
Football clubs in Bihor County
Oradea
Sport in Oradea
Liga I clubs
Liga II clubs
Liga III clubs
Liga IV clubs
1910 establishments in Austria-Hungary


Château Puy Castéra is a wine producer located in the commune of Cissac-Médoc in the Bordeaux region of France.

History
The name of the estate comes from two words of old French and Latin: Puy (mound) and Castéra (camp, fortress).

Since 1973, birth of the Estate, Henri Marès and his children have worked with the well-known oenologists Peynaud and Boissenot. In 1978, Château Puy Castéra received the Cru Bourgeois classification.

Production
Appellation: Médoc
Production: 120 000 bottles
Area:
Grape varieties : 57% of Cabernet Sauvignon, 30% of Merlot, 10% of Cabernet Franc, 2% of Malbec, 1% of Petit Verdot

References

External links
 Château Puy Castéra official site

Bordeaux wine producers
Châteaux in Gironde


Ninków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Niska Jabłonica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Politów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Borkowice,  east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Radestów  is a village in Poland. It is in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Rudno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Rudno


Ruszkowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  North of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Ruszkowice


Rzuców  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Smagów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Wola Kuraszowa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Borkowice,  south-east of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Wola Kuraszowa


Wymysłów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Borkowice,  south of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Zdonków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borkowice, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Antoniów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Gielniów,  north-west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Bieliny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Bieliny


Brzezinki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Gielniów,  west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Brzezinki


Drynia Stużańska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Przysucha and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Gałki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  southeast of Gielniów,  west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Gielniów  is a village in Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Gielniów. It lies northern part of historic Lesser Poland, approximately  west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

History
Gielniów used to be a town from 1455 until either 1869 or 1870. It received Magdeburg rights due to efforts of a local nobleman Tomasz Mszczuj of Brzezinki. Until the Partitions of Poland, Gielniów belonged to Lesser Poland's Sandomierz Voivodeship, but it remained a very small town, whose population was app. 100 (as for the mid-17th century). In 1815-1915, Gielniów was part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland, losing its town charter after the failed January Uprising. In the mid-19th century, its population was app. 500, and after losing the charter, Gielniów declined.

References

External links
 Jewish Community in Gielniów on Virtual Shtetl

Villages in Przysucha County
Lesser Poland
Radom Governorate
Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Goździków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Gielniów,  north-west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Huta  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Huta


Jastrząb may refer to:

Places
Jastrząb, Przysucha County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Jastrząb, Szydłowiec County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Gmina Jastrząb, the administrative district centred on Jastrząb, Szydłowiec County
Jastrząb, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)

Other
ORP Jastrząb, a World War II submarine of the Polish Navy
 Jastrząb, code name used for the Lockheed Martin F-16 fighter jet within the Polish Air Force.

See also


Jastrząb  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gielniów,  north-west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Kotfin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Kotfin


Brenda Patricia Matthews (born 19 February 1949, in Auckland) is a former female track and field sprinter and hurdler from New Zealand. She represented her native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

External links

1949 births
Living people
New Zealand female sprinters
New Zealand female hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
Olympic athletes for New Zealand
Athletes from Auckland
People educated at Kelston Girls' College
Commonwealth Games competitors for New Zealand


Marysin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Mechlin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Gielniów,  west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Mechlin


Rozwady  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Rozwady


Sołtysy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


This is a list of nursing schools in the Philippines.

A
Adamson University
Ago Foundation College - Naga City
Ago Medical and Educational Center - Legazpi, Albay
Angeles University Foundation
University of Santo Tomas-Legazpi - Legazpi, Albay
Araullo University - Cabanatuan
Arellano University College of Nursing
Asian College of Technology
Asia Pacific College of Advanced Studies
Ateneo de Davao University
Ateneo de Naga University
Ateneo de Zamboanga University

B
Baguio Central University
Baliuag University College of Nursing
Bataan Peninsula State University
Benguet State University
Bicol College - Legazpi, Albay
Bicol University - Legazpi, Albay
Brokenshire College
Bukidnon State University
Bulacan State University

C
Capitol Medical Center Colleges
Cebu Doctors' University
Cebu Institute of Technology
Cebu Normal University
Cebu Sacred Heart College - Cebu City
Cebu Technological University (CTU) - Cebu City Medical Center College of Nursing
Central Philippine University - The first nursing school - started in 1906 and produced the first 3 graduates in 1909.
Centro Escolar University
Chinese General Hospital College of Nursing
Christ the King College
Colegio de San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila of Northern Samar, Inc. - Catarman, Northern Samar
Colegio de Kidapawan
Cor Jesu College

D
Davao Doctors College
Davao Medical School Foundation
De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute
De La Salle Lipa
Dominican College of Santa Rosa
Dr. Carlos S. Lanting College

E
 Emilio Aguinaldo College

F
Far Eastern University Institute of Nursing
Father Saturnino Urios University - Butuan
Fernandez College of Arts and Technology
Our Lady of Fatima University

G
Global City Innovative College
Dr. Gloria D. Lacson College - San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija
Good Samaritan Colleges Cabanatuan

H
Holy Child College of Butuan
Holy Infant College College of Nursing - Tacloban
Holy Name University College of Nursing - Tagbilaran, Bohol

I
Ifugao State College (ISCAF)
Iloilo Doctors College
Immaculate Conception College Albay
Immaculate Conception College Cabanatuan

J
Jose C. Feliciano College
Jose Rizal University College of Nursing

K
Kester Grant College

L
La Salle University (Ozamiz City)
La Fortuna College Cabanatuan
Liceo de Cagayan University
Lorma Colleges
Lourdes College
Lyceum Institute of Technology - Laguna
Lyceum of Batangas
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila
Lyceum - St. Cabrini College of Allied Medicine - Batangas

M
Manila Adventist Medical Center and Colleges
Manila Central University
Manila Tytana Colleges - formerly Manila Doctors College
Mariano Marcos State University
Mati Doctors College
Metropolitan Medical Center College of Arts, Science and Technology (formerly Metropolitan Hospital College of Nursing)
Mindanao Medical Foundation College
Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College - Iligan
Misamis University
Mountain View College

N
Naga College Foundation - Naga City
New Era University
Northeastern College - Santiago City
North Valley College
Notre Dame of Dadiangas University
Notre Dame of Jolo College - Jolo, Sulu
Notre Dame of Kidapawan College
Notre Dame of Marbel University
Notre Dame University (Philippines)
Nueva Ecija Doctors College - Cabanatuan
Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology - Cabanatuan
 Notre Dame of Midsayap College- The First Notre Dame School in Asia
O
Olivarez College
Our Lady of Fatima University
Our Lady of the Pillar Colleges - Cauayan, Isabela

P
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila College of Nursing
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina College of Health Sciences
Philippine Rehabilitation Institute Foundation, Inc.
Philippine College of Health Sciences, Inc.
Pines City Colleges
Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur
Province of Negros Occidental-Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology School of Nursing

R
Doña Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Medical Foundation - Tacloban
Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Memorial Schools, Inc. - Makati Medical Center

S
San Juan De Dios Educational Foundation, Inc.
San Pedro College
St. Anthony's College - Antique - The first nursing school in Antique
St. Ferdinand College - Ilagan, Isabela
St. Joseph College Cavite City
Saint Louis University, Baguio City
St. Luke's College of Nursing, Trinity University of Asia
Saint Mary's College of Tagum
Saint Mary's University
St. Paul University Iloilo
St. Paul University Philippines
Silliman University
Southern Luzon State University
South Philippine Adventist College
Southville International School and Colleges
Southwestern University (Philippines) - Cebu City
STI College San Pablo - College of Nursing
Systems Plus College Foundation

T
Tabaco College - Tabaco City, Albay
Tanchuling College - Legazpi City, Albay
Tarlac State University
Tomas Claudio Memorial College
Tomas del Rosario College

U
Universidad de Manila
Universidad de Sta. Isabel
Universidad de Zamboanga
University of Baguio
University of Batangas
University of Cebu - College of Nursing (formerly Chong Hua Hospital - School of Nursing) - Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus
University of Iloilo
University of La Salette - College of Nursing
University of Mindanao Digos Campus
University of Perpetual Help System Dalta - Molino
University of San Agustin
University of San Carlos
University of San Jose-Recoletos
University of Southeastern Mindanao
University of Southern Philippines Foundation - College of Nursing, Cebu City
University of Saint La Salle
University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing
University of the Cordilleras
UERMMMC College of Nursing
University of the Immaculate Conception
University of the Philippines Manila
University of the Visayas - Gullas Medical Center

V
Visayas State University - Baybay City, Leyte

W
West Visayas State University
Wesleyan University (Philippines) - Cabanatuan

X
Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan

Defunct nursing schools
This is a list of defunct nursing schools in the Philippines.

I
 Iligan Capitol College
L
 La Salle College
 Lyceum of Iligan Foundation

M
 Medina College - Pagadian
 Medina College - Ozamiz
 Medina College - Ipil
 Mother College
N
 North Central Mindanao College
S
 Saint Michael’s College

References

External links
Nursing schools in the Philippines

Philippines

Nursing in the Philippines
Nursing colleges


Stoczki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Gielniów,  north-west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Stoczki


Wywóz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County


Zielonka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Przysucha and  south of Warsaw.

References

Zielonka


Zygmuntów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gielniów, within Przysucha County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gielniów,  north-west of Przysucha, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Przysucha County