Ramgarhia Bunga or Burj is the three-storeyed red stone watchtowers complex located near southeastern edge of the Golden Temple, Amritsar. The two minaret-style Ramgarhia Bunga high towers are visible from the parikrama (circumambulation) walkway around the Harmandir Sahib Sarovar (water tank). It is a pre-Ranjit Singh structure built by Sikh warrior and Ramgarhia misl chief Jassa Singh Ramgarhia in late 18th-century, after the 1762 destruction and desecration of the Sikh holy temple and site by the Afghan Muslim forces led by Ahmed Shah Abdali. The Bunga watchtowers-related infrastructure was constructed to station sentinels to watch for any surprise attack, house soldiers to help fortify the area, and to protect the holy complex from desecration.

The Ramgarhia Bunga houses the granite slab of Takht-e-Taus from the Red Fort on which, according to the oral tradition, all the Mughal emperors were crowned in Delhi. This slab was seized by Sikhs from Delhi, during an attack against the Mughal armies, and brought back to Amritsar as a symbol that the Mughal Empire will end with the removal of their coronation stone.

History

During the reign of the Muslim Mughal Emperors, The Golden Temple was damaged many times, but each time it was rebuilt by the Sikhs. Sardars of the 12 Sikh Misls decided that some of the Khalsa leaders must be housed inside it for its protection against their enemies. According to Fenech and McLeod, during the 18th century, Sikh misl chiefs and rich communities built over 70 such Bungas of different shapes and forms around the Golden Temple to watch the area, house soldiers and defend the temple. Such Bungas were also built near major Sikh shrines elsewhere on the Indian subcontinent in the 18th-century. In the 19th century, these served defensive purposes, provided accommodation for Sikh pilgrims and some served as centers of learning. Most of the Bungas were demolished during and after the British colonial era, often to improve the facilities for growing number of pilgrims in the 20th-century. The Ramgarhia Bunga is single surviving example of the Bunga-related historic infrastructure in Amritsar, along with Akal Takht which originally was built as the Akal Bunga on the other side of holy tank.

Ramgarhia misl chief Jassa Singh Ramgarhia had conquered territory as far afield as Delhi, where he removed the slab from the Takht-e-Taus on which the Mughal coronation ceremonies were held. He brought the slab to Amritsar and placed it in the Ramgarhia Bunga where it still lies.

Architecture

Ramgarhia Bunga consists of three flat-roofed ranges, each of two principal storeys, arranged round three sides of a courtyard and is constructed almost of small burnt bricks (Nanakshahi) set in lime and mud mortar. The colonnade and the triple arches are of red sandstone. The undersides of the vaults and all the walls were finished internally and externally with lime plaster and lime wash, much of it decorative with arches. Lower levels are approached by two flights of steps, one from outside and the other from within the courtyard.

Ramgarhia misl

Ramgarhia misl chief Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was a brave Sikh leader. He had redesigned a mud fortress Ram Rauni in 1748 about a mile from Golden Temple which was used to house and keep soldiers. The place was named so in honour of fourth Sikh Guru Shri Guru Ram Das Ji, who have founded the Amritsar city. The place was later known as Quila Ramgarh due to its fortification by Jassa Singh Ramgarhia. The Ramgarhia Misl derives its name from this place which literally means Custodians of the Castle of God. The Quila Ramgarh has already lost its very existence and its location is adjacent to Gurudwara Sri Ramsar Sahib and Guru Ramdas Khalsa Senior Secondary School on Ramsar Road, Amritsar.

Ramgarhia bunga remains a symbol of the Ramgarhia Sikh community's identity, their historic sacrifices and contribution to defending the Golden Temple over the centuries.

Renovation
The original domes on the minarets were damaged and then removed in 1903 because of an earthquake. The minarets were again heavily damaged by Indian artillery fire during Operation Blue Star in 1984, but later renovated by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and the Ramgarhia Society Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia Federation. Later, some Babas of Kar Sewawale had done colossal damage to the heritage site by converting a portion into their abode. There are also plans to convert basement of bunga to Sikh museum.

See also
 Golden Temple
 Jallianwala Bagh

Photo gallery

References

External links

Ramgarhia Bunga before 1984 and now renovated bunga
A Documentary on Ramgarhia Bunga

Tourist attractions in Amritsar
Sikh architecture
Monuments and memorials in Punjab, India
Buildings and structures in Amritsar


North Dakota Vision Services/School for the Blind (NDVS/SB, Braille: ⠝⠙⠧⠎⠎⠃) is a branch of the North Dakota government offering services to visually impaired residents of all ages in North Dakota. It is centered in Grand Forks, with regional offices in Bismarck, Fargo, Jamestown, and Minot.

The institution was founded in 1908 as the North Dakota School for the Blind (NDSB) in Bathgate; it moved to its current location in Grand Forks in 1961. The North Dakota Legislative Assembly officially changed the name to North Dakota Vision Services/School for the Blind in 2001.

Campus
The current Grand Forks campus has a dormitory that was renovated in 1995.

References

External links
North Dakota Vision Services/School for the Blind website
State School for the Blind, Bathgate, N.D. from the Digital Horizons website

Public high schools in North Dakota
Educational institutions established in 1908
Schools for the blind in the United States
Grand Forks, North Dakota
Schools in Grand Forks County, North Dakota
Public middle schools in North Dakota
Public elementary schools in North Dakota
Public K–12 schools in the United States
Public boarding schools in the United States
Boarding schools in North Dakota
1908 establishments in North Dakota


Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pounds in 2000 and 2001, and in euros in 2002, after the euro changeover.

The series will be available on RTÉ Player to celebrate 60 years of television from Christmas 2021.

Production
The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions under license from Celador, the British originators. The stage, music, and format were identical to the original British format. The quizmaster was Gay Byrne, who was famous as the longtime host of The Late Late Show, and was making one of several returns from retirement.

The top prize fell from IR£1m (€1,269,738) to €1m after the euro changeover at the beginning of 2002. The prize money was funded by a combination of a premium-rate telephone number which candidates had to ring to be selected as contestants, and £7m from headline sponsor eircell, which was then eircom's mobile phone subsidiary company. As part of the sale to Vodafone Eircell was rebranded in 2001, as part of this re-brand the series was sponsored by Eircell Vodafone, this was the only use of the Vodafone brand on the series.

Initially the series aired on Friday and Tuesday night, with the Tuesday night episode split between an episode of the Irish soap opera Fair City. The show had several runs over consecutive Sunday evenings. After two years the initial sponsorship contract ended.

RTÉ and the Irish National Lottery company were in discussion about bring the series back as it had been put on hiatus following the loss of its main sponsor in 2002, the National Lottery said that no decision had been made but it was always a possibility, RTÉ axed the series fully in the summer of 2003 and the series would not be making a return for the 2003–04 season.

The top prize was never won; the biggest win was IR£250,000, won by Roger Dowds of Glasnevin in January 2001.

Specials
Two types of specials were produced. A Celebrity edition and a generations edition.

Lunula controversy
In June 2001, contestant Shane O'Doherty was asked, as the 13th (£250,000) question, in what part of the body the lunula was. He used his phone-a-friend lifeline to ring a physician, who said it was in the heart, which was the answer he then gave. The desired answer was the fingernail, and so O'Doherty's winnings fell from £125,000 back to the guaranteed £32,000.  In fact, a lunula is any crescent or moon-shaped structure, including both the white base of the fingernail and the segments of the semilunar heart valves. O'Doherty protested that, since both answers were correct, he should not have been eliminated. He threatened to sue the producers, and the controversy generated media debate for two weeks. Eventually he was allowed to return to the show. He was asked another question, and opted to pass and keep the £125,000 he had previously accrued. The replacement question was also criticised as flawed; it described John Pius Boland as an "Olympic gold medallist" even though the medals received by winners at the 1896 Olympics were actually silver.

Money trees

References

2000 Irish television series debuts
2002 Irish television series endings
Irish quiz shows
Irish television series based on British television series
RTÉ original programming
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?


LMS diesel shunter 7057, later to become NCC Class 22, was built by Harland & Wolff. Testing started in July 1934 and the locomotive was taken into LMS stock in February 1935.  It was loaned to the War Department between 1941-1943, which numbered it 233. It was withdrawn from LMS stock in January 1944 and sold back to Harland & Wolff, which rebuilt it with a new 225 hp (168 kW) engine and converted it to the  gauge. It was then sold to the Northern Counties Committee, which numbered it 22. It was finally withdrawn in April 1965 and scrapped at the close of that year.

See also
 LMS diesel shunters
 Diesel locomotives of Ireland

References

7057
Diesel shunter 7057
War Department locomotives
Northern Counties Committee locomotives
C locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1934
Diesel locomotives of Northern Ireland
5 ft 3 in gauge locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Individual locomotives of Ireland


Anthony Core (born March 20, 1964), commonly called Tony Core, is an American politician from Ohio and a former Republican member of the Ohio General Assembly. A graduate of Ohio State University, he is a lawyer from rural Rushsylvania in Logan County.

Government career

Core first entered government service in Logan County, where he was a member of the county's MR/DD (mental retardation/developmental disability) board.  In 1999, he was appointed to fill the empty seat for the 83rd District of the House of Representatives, which includes part or all of Logan, Marion, and Union counties; the seat had been vacated by the death of its previous occupant, Tony's father Ed. After finishing the partial term, he was re-elected to four full terms before being term-limited in 2008.  His seat was filled by Dave Burke of Marysville.

Core won an uncontested race for Logan County Commissioner in 2008.

During his time in the state legislature, Core used a logo of an apple eaten to the core.

Personal
According to Core's website, he and his wife Heather are the parents of a son and two daughters. He is a member of the First United Presbyterian Church of Bellefontaine.

References

External links
Core's website

Living people
American lawyers
American Presbyterians
Republican Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
Ohio State University alumni
People from Logan County, Ohio
1964 births
21st-century American politicians


Kastriot (), also known as Vakuf ( Vakufi), is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the Dibër Municipality. The population at the 2011 census was 6,200.

References

Former municipalities in Dibër County
Administrative units of Dibër (municipality)
Villages in Dibër County


The Saxon Class XV T was a class of goods train steam locomotive operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways, which had been conceived for hauling trains and acting as banking engines for routes in the Ore Mountains. In 1925 the Deutsche Reichsbahn grouped them into their DRG Class 79.0.

History
The two locomotives were built in 1916 at the Sächsischen Maschinenfabrik, formerly Hartmann.

The undercarriage of the locomotives was unusual. Instead of an alternative proposal for a twelve-coupled locomotive with sideways-sliding Gölsdorf axles, as was realised a year later in the shape of the Württemberg K, the Saxon Railways decided on a proposal by their head of the engineering department, Lindner, for a design that was unique in Germany: the Saxon XV HTV was given two, fixed, six-coupled drives. This was mainly because they had doubts about the suitability of the Gölsdorf system for twelve-couplers. The outside axles were designed as Klien-Lindner axles and could be slid sideways by about 37 mm from their centre position. The design of these axles required them to be fixed into an outside frame. In the centre of the locomotive was a double cylinder on each side, each with a high-pressure cylinder for the rear and a low-pressure cylinder for the front drive.

This design with its low stress on the rails, low inherent resistance and simple weight compensation was promising especially as it also avoided the use of cranked driving axles. Similar thoughts in the USA during the 1930s led to the development of duplex locomotives. Because the cylinders of adjacent axles also had 28 mm of side play, the locomotive could negotiate radii of as little as 170 m. Through the special design of the cylinders, the use of crank axles (Kropfachse) was avoided. Whilst this design enabled the steam lines between the high- and low-pressure cylinders to be extremely short, long admission and exhaust tubes were necessary.

The XV HTV soon proved to be expensive to maintain, particularly with regard to the drives and the hollow axles; as a result no more were procured. Even the usual tendency of all compound engines to sway could not be eliminated by the Klien-Lindner configuration. Wear and tear on the wheel tyres changed the crank settings of the driving gear. That meant that the synchronisation of the drive had to be constantly adjusted, in order to ensure a balanced distribution of effort.

Nevertheless, the engines were successful in practice. They had impressive riding qualities right up to their top speed and wear and tear on the wheel flanges was low. The Deutsche Reichsbahn took both locomotives over as 79 001 and 79 002, but retired them by 1932.

The serial number 79 001 was allocated from 1938 to 1947 to BLE No. 44 of the former Brunswick State Railway Company and from 1951 it was given to the former French locomotive, 1-242.TA.602, which ended up in German hands after World War II.

Design features
The boiler barrel comprised 2 shells with a diameter of 1,450 mm. On the top were two steam domes which were connected by a pipe inside the boiler. Between steam dome and chimney was a sand box. The firebox was made of copper and position over the first axle of the rear drive. The smokebox superheater was of the Schmidt type.

The locomotive frame comprised an inside frame of 28 mm thick plate, and an outside frame for the hollow axles of 20 mm thick plate.

The four-cylinder compound cylinders were arranged horizontally on the outside and each drove its centre axle

See also
Royal Saxon State Railways
List of Saxon locomotives and railbuses

Sources

External links
 Photo

0-6-6-0 locomotives
15 HTV
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1916
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
CC h4vt locomotives
Duplex locomotives
Freight locomotives


Qendër Tomin is a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër. The population at the 2011 census was 7,590.

References

Former municipalities in Dibër County
Administrative units of Dibër (municipality)


The Ibrahimiyah Canal is an irrigation canal in Egypt built in 1873 during the reign of Ismail Pasha as Khedive of Egypt, the most important public work executed under the new Ministry of Public Works. It was commissioned by Bahgat Pasha, minister of public works, who designed it primarily to provide perennial irrigation to the Khedivial sugar estates in Middle Egypt. It supplied perennial irrigation to  and flood irrigation to another . The discharge of the canal varied between 30 and 80 cubic metres per second in summer and between 500 and 900 cubic metres per second in flood. Having its head on the left bank of the Nile, in Assiut, it runs northwards for 60 kilometres and then divides in Dairut into two main branches; one branch is the Bahr Yussef Canal, while the other is the Ibrahimiyah Canal proper.

This 350 kilometer long canal, which is undoubtedly one of the largest artificial canals in the world, used to take off from the Nile without any weirs or inlet works on the river (the water of the river entered it freely). Sir William Willcocks, the famous British civil engineer, would construct the Assiut Barrage later in 1901 to provide means for better control of its discharge.

Although locks were constructed through its southern third, Ibrahimya Canal is not navigable after Dairut as it was designed for irrigation purposes only. The Ibrahimiya, except at few locations where it follows portions of ancient canals, flows parallel to the Nile, and does not have between itself and the river a distance of more than 4 to 5 kilometres.

Dairut Distribution Works
At its 60th kilometer at Dairut, Ibrahimiya Canal begins distribution of its water. At this point, the canal widens into a kind of basin, along which six works of distribution are constructed. They are:
 Inlet of the Sahelieh Canal composed of two arches, 3 metres wide each.
 Inlet of the Dairoutieh Canal, composed of three arches, 3 metres wide each.
 Inlet of Bahr Yussef (the main irrigation canal for Faiyum), composed of five arches, 3 metres wide each. Bahr Yussef usually gets one third of the entire water of the Ibrahimiya Canal. It irrigates west of Minya, Beni Suef and Faiyum provinces.
 Distribution work for Ibrahimiyah itself, composed of seven arches, 3 metres each and a lock 8.5 metres wide for navigation.
 A reservoir to carry back to the Nile the surplus water of the canal. This works consists of five openings, 3-metre wide each and an 8.5 metre wide lock for navigation.
 An inlet of two arches, 3-meter wide each, for filling several basins on the left bank of Bahr Yussef canal, and at a level too high to be filled with Bahr Yussef itself.

After Ibrahimiya leaves Dairut, a series of distribution works control water discharges along its route. They are :
 Hafez Regulator: at kilometre 90 in Mallawi. The original regulator was abandoned and a new one was constructed in 1989 as part of the US funded Irrigation Improvements Project (IIP). Upstream of this regulator, on the left side is the intake for the Serry Canal, a major offshoot from Ibrahimiya, irrigating more than  west of Minya.
 Minya Regulator: at kilometre 120, in Minya. The old regulator (which is still used as a bridge) consists of three arches, 3 metres wide each. A new regulator 2 kilometers downstream of this old one was constructed in 1993 also as a part of the IIP project.
 Matay Regulator: at kilometre 160. It also consists of three arches, 3 meters wide each.
 Maghagha Regulator: at kilometre 188. Another structure with three arches, 3 metre wide each. It also has a weir.
 Al Sharahnah Regulator: at kilometre 210. A 3-arch regulator and a siphon allowing drainage water to cross underneath the Ibrahimiya canal are found in this point.

After it leaves Al Sharahnah, the canal continues for about 140 kilometers but by the time it reaches Al Ayat in Giza, it is no longer a major canal, but rather a small irrigation canal with a width of 5 metres at the bottom.

See also
 List of cities and towns in Egypt

References

Canals in Egypt


Fushë-Çidhën is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër. The population at the 2011 census was 2,909.

Çidhën has been linked with the fort Kithinas mentioned by Procopius in the 6th century in Epirus Nova.  The etymology of Fushë Çidhën from the Albanian language translates to in English as “Field of Çidhën” referring to being a field of this area.

Demographic History
The settlements of Kidhina e Sipërme and Kidhina e Poshtme are attested in the Ottoman defter of 1467 as villages belonging to the timar of Karagöz in the vilayet of Lower Dibra. The former village had a total of 16 households which were represented by the following household heads: Gjergj Kariqi, Leka Laçi, Gjin Vlashi, Pashtari, Gjon Shumbati, Tolë Gjoneshi, Dimitri Gjoneshi, Kolë Bala, Vlash Shashari, Kolë Shashari, Llazar Arrasi, Gjon Manesi, Gjon Shashari, Peter Pashtari, Gjergj Vlashi, and Petër Dabeci.

The latter settlement on the other hand had only eight households represented by the following: Dimitri Domi, Gjin Peshtiri, Gjin Dushkizi, Mano Madhi, Gjon Shashari, Milo Sokoli, and Dimitri Kusari (possibly, Kosari).

References

Sources

Former municipalities in Dibër County
Administrative units of Dibër (municipality)
Villages in Dibër County


Sllovë is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër. The population at the 2011 census was 2,405.

References

Former municipalities in Dibër County
Administrative units of Dibër (municipality)
Villages in Dibër County


"It's a New Day" is a song produced and organized by American rapper and producer will.i.am. It was released as promotional single on November 7, 2008, from the political compilation album Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise (2009). Will performed the song for the first time on The Oprah Winfrey Show. The song was written as a tribute to President Barack Obama's victory. It was used in an episode of the second season of Gossip Girl. A parody of the song was featured on the Boondocks episode "It's a Black President, Huey Freeman". It was titled "Dick Riding Obama", and featured will.i.am, rapper Thugnificent, Gangstalicious and a George Clooney lookalike debating whether Obama's victory was really a success. A scene from the episode was released on YouTube before the episode aired as a form of viral marketing.

Music video
The song's music video was released in November 2008, and features cameos by various celebrities, including:

 Olivia Wilde
 Kevin Bacon
 Kyra Sedgwick
 Taboo
 Fergie
 apl.de.ap
 Kanye West
 Kerry Washington
 Gayle King
 Brian J. White
 Quincy Jones
 Aisha Tyler
 Harold Perrineau, Jr.
 Joe Biden
 Barack Obama
 Jesse Jackson

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 singles
2008 songs
Song recordings produced by will.i.am
Songs about Barack Obama
Songs written by will.i.am
Will.i.am songs


is a pinball video game developed by Compile and published by NAXAT Soft. Jaki Crush was released exclusively in Japan for the Super Famicom in 1992. The game is the third in the Crush Pinball series, and was preceded by Alien Crush and Devil's Crush (Devil Crash on the PC Engine in Japan) on the TurboGrafx-16.

Gameplay

The game features a theme revolving around the mythology of a type of Japanese demon or ogre, called a jaki and is inspired by traditional Japanese depictions of hell. A single table is divided into three different sectors; carrying two flippers each. Moving targets must be hit for points along with stationary targets. Shooting the ball into the demon's mouth allows players to access up to six bonus levels.

Development and release

Reception

Jaki Crush received mixed reception from critics, all of which reviewed it as an import title. Game Powers Lord Mathias praised the visuals for their quality and "terrifying" graphical effects, rock opera-style sound, fun factor and challenge. Mega Funs Ulf Schneider commeded its audiovisual presentation and fun factor. Despite comparisons with Devil's Crush, Schneider labeled it as a "thoroughly good fantasy pinball game and a welcome change in the otherwise weak pinball genre." Joypads Olivier Prézeau and Joysticks Jean-Marc Demoly gave positive remarks to the graphics, animations and audio, but felt mixed regarding its limited controls and ultimately found the game to be monotonous compared to Devil's Crush. In contrast, Play Times Ray wrote that it was a great pinball game despite heavily borrowing from Devil's Crush, highlighting its presentation and playability. Echoing similar thoughts as Prézeau and Demoly, Video Games Jan Barysch expressed mixed feelings towards the graphical presentation and criticized the overall audio design, but noted that the game was playable and varied due to the constantly changing playfield and abundance of bonus rounds. Regardless, Barysch felt that the title was weaker than Devil's Crush.

Aktueller Software Markts Hans-Joachim Amann praised the visual style and realistic behavior of the ball. However, Amann stated that its music tracks were mediocre and unfitting for gameplay, an aspect he felt it was not as "snappy" as Devil's Crush. Nevertheless, Amann recommended it for pinball fans. N-Forces Chris Rice and Carl Rowley found the graphics to be dark and sinister, but criticized the "rocky" soundtrack and slow action restricted to a single table, labeling its gameplay to be poor and repetitive. Computer and Video Games Garth Sumpter commended its diabolic-themed graphical style and gameplay but ultimately found the title to be dull and uninspired, criticizng the monotonous music. Joystiqs J.C. Fletcher wrote that "Jaki Crush is merely the third best video pinball game" due to its bonus stages and excellent pinball physics, but felt that it failed to stand up visually compared to Alien Crush and Devil's Crush on PC Engine. Contrasting most reviewers, Hardcore Gaming 101 felt that the presentation exceeded any game in the Crush Pinball series, giving positive remarks to the jaki-inspired visuals and audio, but they lamented its lack of release outside of Japan.

Notes

References

External links

 Jaki Crush at GameFAQs
  Jaki Crush at Giant Bomb
 Jaki Crush at MobyGames

1992 video games
Compile (company) games
Crush Pinball
Fantasy video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Kaga Create games
Single-player video games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Top-down video games
Video games based on Japanese mythology
Video games developed in Japan


The Royal Jozini is a private game reserve located in the foothills of the Lubombo Mountains and includes the northern part of Lake Jozini in Eswatini. It is part of the Nsubane-Pongola Transfrontier Conservation and Resource Area established by a Swaziland/South Africa Protocol covering some 14,000 hectares. The estate includes private lodges, a waterfront area including a boating marina, as well as a jetty and slipway.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20101230003834/http://royaljozini.net/site/default.asp
http://www.sapropertymonthly.co.uk/news.aspx?ID=452
http://www.peaceparks.org/news.php?mid=761&pid=162
http://www.sntc.org.sz/programs/tfcas.asp

Protected areas of Eswatini


Kalaja e Dodës is a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër. The population at the 2011 census was 2,252. Kalaja e Dodës is part of the territory included in the proposed Korabi National Park.

References

Former municipalities in Dibër County
Administrative units of Dibër (municipality)


Benjamin "Ben" Polak (born 22 December 1961) is a British professor of economics and management and former Provost at Yale University. From 1999 to 2001 Polak was the Henry Kohn Associate Professor of Economics and is now the inaugural William C. Brainard Professor of Economics. In January 2013, he became the Provost of Yale University.

Polak specialises in microeconomic theory, has published 19 peer-reviewed papers in leading journals, and is Associate editor of the Journal of Economic Theory.

In 2021 it was reported that Polak was responsible for Yale's decision to terminate the Yale Boswell Editions project, founded in 1949.

Courses taught

In fall 2007, Polak participated in the Open Yale Courses initiative, recording the 24 lecture series and making all course materials freely available on the Internet. Polak describes the motivation for his participation in the scheme as delivering an Ivy League standard education to a wider audience, "It’s not the full Yale experience, unfortunately, but it’s something.”

References

External links
Game Theory course by Benjamin Polak with video lectures, at Open Yale Courses

1961 births
People educated at Bedales School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British economists
Northwestern University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Living people
Microeconomists
Yale School of Management faculty


Muxas (also, Mukhas) is a village and municipality in the Oghuz Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 1,058.

References

Populated places in Oghuz District


Holy Child Catholic School is located at Plaza Amado V. Hernandez in Tondo, Manila, the Philippines. It sits beside the Santo Niño de Tondo Parish Church.

History
During the Liberation Period immediately following World War II, Rt. Rev Msgr. Jose N. Jovellanos, and four Jesuit priests founded the Tondo Parochial School. It was located at the site of the defunct Instituto de Mujeres, where the Manila Cathedral School is now located. Classes began on July 2, 1945.

Later, the school was moved to its location beside the Sto. Niño Church, where the Tondo Orphanage used to stand. The government began to recognize it as a legitimate school on February 22, 1951. The school became a corporation on October 23, 1954, under the name Holy Child Catholic School(HCCS). In 1955, HCCS was granted government recognition for complete secondary and kindergarten courses. Then, the school graduated its first high school students.
thumb|right|175px|Facade in 2018
The school is located at Tondo, Manila, Plaza Hernandez

Vision
A People called by the Father through Jesus Christ
to become a community of Persons with fullness of Life
witnessing to the Kingdom of God, by living the paschal mystery
in the power of the Holy Spirit with Mary as Companion.

Notable alumni
 Manny Villar – Businessman, former Speaker of the House, Senate President and presidential candidate
 Florin Hilbay – 1999 Bar Exams topnotcher, former Solicitor General

References

Catholic elementary schools in Manila
Catholic secondary schools in Manila
Education in Tondo, Manila
Educational institutions established in 1945
1945 establishments in the Philippines


A relevant cost (also called avoidable cost or differential cost) is a cost that differs between alternatives being considered.  In order for a cost to be a relevant cost it must be:
Future
Cash Flow
Incremental

It is often important for businesses to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant costs when analyzing alternatives because erroneously considering irrelevant costs can lead to unsound business decisions.  Also, ignoring irrelevant data in analysis can save time and effort.

Types of irrelevant costs are:
Sunk costs
 Committed costs
 Notional or Non cash costs (e.g depreciation and amortization)

Example
A construction firm is in the middle of constructing an office building, having spent $1 million on it so far.  It requires an additional $0.5 million to complete construction.  Because of a downturn in the real estate market, the finished building will not fetch its original intended price, and is expected to sell for only $1.2 million.  If, in deciding whether or not to continue construction, the $1 million sunk cost were incorrectly included in the analysis, the firm may conclude that it should abandon the project because it would be spending $1.5 million for a return of $1.2 million.  However, the $1 million is an irrelevant cost, and should be excluded.  Continuing the construction actually involves spending $0.5 million for a return of $1.2 million, which makes it the correct course of action.

A managerial accounting term for costs that are specific to management's decisions. The concept of relevant costs eliminates unnecessary data that could complicate the decision-making process.

References

Cost engineering
Costs
Management accounting
Project management techniques


The Colmar Treasure or Colmar hoard is a hoard of precious objects buried by Jews of the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Black Death pogroms.

The Treasure was found in 1863 in the wall of a house in the medieval rue des Juifs, in Colmar, Alsace.  It is believed that some of the items were sold by the discoverers before the full extent of the Treasure could be recorded.  The treasures that survive are mostly in the collection of the Musée de Cluny, with a couple of items in the Unterlinden Museum. It was fully published only in 1999, when exhibited in Colmar.

The Treasure includes one of the few surviving examples of a Jewish marriage ring, with the bezel in the form of a small building instead of a precious stone, in accord with the requirement in Jewish law that wedding rings be made as one piece.

The Treasure includes silver coins, silver table ware, and gold and silver jewelry including elaborate belt buckles and fifteen silver rings.

In 2019 the Treasure was exhibited at The Cloisters, part of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.

See also
 Erfurt Treasure
 History of Jews in Alsace

References

14th-century artifacts
Alsatian-Jewish history
Colmar
Culture in Alsace
Hoards of jewellery
Jewish ceremonial art
Treasure troves of Medieval Europe
Treasure troves in France
Medieval Jewish history


Armin Görtz (born 30 August 1959) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Career
Görtz played top-flight football in (West) Germany and Belgium.

He won two caps for the West Germany national team in 1988.

References

External links

1959 births
Living people
Footballers from Dortmund
German men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Germany men's international footballers
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
FSV Frankfurt players
K.S.K. Beveren players
1. FC Köln players
Hertha BSC players
Olympic footballers for West Germany
West German men's footballers
Footballers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for West Germany
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
West German expatriate men's footballers
West German expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium


Douglas September, (born September 25, 1972, in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian musician. He is known for his poetic lyrics, as well as his innovative musical style that blends folk and blues with a caustic modern commentary. As a composer, musician, producer and engineer, September's passion for arranging music from the ordinary every day into a unique auditory experience has evolved into a singular style. His music has been likened to Bob Dylan, Tim Buckley, and Tom Waits.

Career
September has collaborated with many talented musicians, such as Michael Shrieve (1998 release, Producer-Ten Bulls; Gold Circle/Samson Music), Bill Frisell (1998 release, Lead Guitar-Ten Bulls; Gold Circle/Samson Music), David Torn (2001 release, Producer-Oil Tan Bow; Lupins), Robby Aceto (2001 release, Oil Tan Bow; Lupins and 1999 release, IO; Gold Circle/Samson Music), Rich DePaolo; (1999 release, IO;Gold Circle/Samson Music), Wayne Horvitz (1998 release, Ten Bulls; Gold Circle/Samson Music), David Bearwald and Steve Lindsey (The Runner, 2000).

He has four albums as a solo performer with two where he is involved in co-production, and composing music for The Runner and was signed previously with what is now known as Gold Circle Films for albums Ten Bulls and Io. He has also been producer/engineer for other artists such as Halifax songwriter Matthew Grimson, guitarist Tom Fidgen, B3 Hammond organist John T. Davis, and scored a soundtrack for the short film Malcontents.

In January 2005, UK Uncut, listed Douglas September's song "Lady and I" from album 10 Bulls as their #1 Track influenced by Bob Dylan.

Originally from Cape Breton Island, off the east coast of Canada, Douglas currently lives in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with his wife and daughter.

Discography

 (1996) Crows; LupinsProduced by Vaughn PassmoreRecorded at Invisible Sound, Toronto, ON
 (1998) Ten Bulls; Gold Circle/Samson MusicProduced by Michael ShrieveMusicians: Douglas September, Bill Frisell (Guitar), Wayne Horvitz (Keyboards), Michael Rhodes (Bass), Michael Shrieve (Drums & Percussion), Loops & Textures (David Torn)
 (1999) IO; Gold Circle/Samson Music; Produced by Douglas September, Robby Aceto, Rich DePaolo, Bill King, et al. Musicians: Douglas September, Robby Aceto (Guitars, Ambient loops, Harmonium, Vibes, Alto Mandolin, Accordion), Bill King (Drums), Rich DePaolo (Bass), et al.
 (2001) Oil Tan Bow; Lupins; Produced By: SPLaTTeRCell (David Torn) and Robby Aceto with additional production by Douglas September. Musicians: Douglas September, Robby Aceto (Guitars, Loops, Accordion), SPLaTTeRCell (David Torn) (Additional Freq Programming & Rhythm Arrangements).
 (2009) Sundays in Radio

Soundtracks and short film
 (1999) The Runner, directed by Ron Moler, compositions for scene and closing credits (The Search, The Light)
 (2004) Malcontents, directed by Maurey Loeffler, scoring and composition for short film.
 (2006–2008) Douglas September Videos on YouTube
 (2008) Sundays in Television, Podcast

References

External links
 www.douglasseptember.com
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100713032351/http://radio3.cbc.ca/#/bands/Douglas-September

Canadian rock guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
Canadian male songwriters
Canadian electronic musicians
Canadian folk musicians
1972 births
Living people
Canadian alternative rock musicians
Alternative rock guitarists
People from the Cape Breton Regional Municipality
21st-century Canadian guitarists
21st-century Canadian male musicians


Little Red Riding Hood's Zombie BBQ is an action rail shooter game for the Nintendo DS. It was published in North America by Destineer, produced and designed by Gammick Entertainment, and developed by Spanish studio EnjoyUp. The game was released as a DSiWare title in Europe. Like its title suggests, players take the role of Little Red Riding Hood as she destroys zombies with a variety of high-powered firearms.

Gameplay
The game is a top-scrolling rail shooter where the player may move left and right into one of seven spaces. Touching the character will cause them to crouch, while using the stylus to aim. Players may choose to be either Little Red Riding Hood, who specializes in guns, or Momotarō, who specializes in ninja stars, although the difference is merely aesthetic. The action of the game consists entirely of shooting and dodging incoming attacks with increasingly difficult obstacles as the game progresses.

Plot
The game takes place in Storyland with areas representing a number of classic fairy tales, such as The Adventures of Pinocchio and the Three Little Pigs. Little Red Riding Hood and Momotarō are the two playable characters. Little "READY TO ROCK" Riding Hood grew up in the forest, spending her time visiting her grandmother and hunting for food. She loves automatic firearms, citing "collecting weapons" as one of her hobbies. Momotarō is Little Red Riding Hood's friend, who was born from a giant peach. He has had over one thousand and one adventures—including fighting off demons, finding lost treasures, and repelling threats from the underworld.

Little Red Riding Hood finds that something has gone wrong with Storyland soon after saving her grandmother from another wolf attack. Along with Momotarō, she decides to fight through the invading armies of zombies to find the source of the plague and destroy it.

Development
Little Red Riding Hood's Zombie BBQ was Spanish developer EnjoyUp's second game. To promote the game, they collaborated with Destructoid to hold a dress up contest with a copy of the game and a signed promotional poster as prizes. The contest ended September 30, 2007.

Reception

The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

IGN listed the game as number six in their feature "The Top 25 DS Games Under $20", being the first game on the list to have a sub-US$20 initial retail price. It was a nominee for Best Shooting Game by IGN in their 2007 video game awards.  GameSpot was not as impressed, citing poor controls, slowdown and cheap hits. Nintendo Life said that while the game may be a simplistic shooter it offers plenty of depth.

References

External links
Official website

2007 video games
Action games
DSiWare games
Gammick Entertainment games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Rail shooters
Single-player video games
Video games about ninja
Video games about zombies
Video games developed in Spain
Video games featuring female protagonists
Works based on Little Red Riding Hood


Nicholas Testa (June 29, 1928 – November 16, 2018) was a professional baseball catcher and coach. He played briefly in both Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball.

Biography
Testa was born in New York City to Italian immigrants, and was raised in the Bronx. He began his professional career in  at the age of 17 with the Newburgh Hummingbirds. He threw and batted right-handed, stood  tall and weighed .

Testa had one of the briefest major league careers ever. He played just one inning of one game for the San Francisco Giants in , never coming to bat in the major leagues. In his one chance on defense, he committed an error. Later that season, Testa was named the team's bullpen coach.

Testa played for several more seasons in the minor leagues, eventually making his way to Japan in . That year, he played in 57 games for the Daimai Orions, batting .136 with five RBI. Testa later served as a coach for the St. Lucie Legends in the Senior Professional Baseball Association during their lone year of existence in . He also coached baseball at Lehman College.

After retiring from Lehman, Testa joined the New York Yankees as their batting practice coach, serving on five World Championship Teams. Testa died in 2018 at his home in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, at the age of 90.

See also

 List of Florida Gators baseball players

References

External links

1928 births
2018 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American military personnel of the Korean War
American people of Italian descent
Baseball players from New York (state)
Daimai Orions players
Dallas Eagles players
Dallas Rangers players
Erie Sailors players
Florida Gators baseball players
Idaho Falls Russets players
Jacksonville Tars players
Johnstown Johnnies players
Little Rock Travelers players
Macon Peaches players
Major League Baseball bullpen coaches
Major League Baseball catchers
Newburgh Hummingbirds players
Omaha Cardinals players
Reno Silver Sox players
San Francisco Giants coaches
San Francisco Giants players
Seaford Eagles players
Sioux City Soos players
Trenton Giants players
Walden Hummingbirds players
Wilkes-Barre Barons (baseball) players
Yakima Bears players
New York Yankees coaches
Burials at Saint Raymond's Cemetery (Bronx)
Lehman Lightning baseball coaches


Luzni is a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër. The population at the 2011 census was 2,433.

Demographic history
Luzni (Luzina) appears in the Ottoman defter of 1467 as a settlement in the timar of the local Albanians Mihail, Progon, and Oliver in the vilayet of Lower Dibra. The village was large and had a total of 46 households, represented by  the following household heads: Gjin Potraqi, Gjergji brother of Gjini, Domenik Luzi, Dimitri Luri, Kolë Pratkori, Kolë Luzi, Kolë Gramatiku, Mihal Kamja, Kolë Gëraçi, Andre Luzi, Dimitri Luzi, Llazar Prodani, Petkë Kakrruku, Pop Bezhani, Dabi Kondi, Gjergj Palasha, Kolë Pallamaji, Gjon Ustadi, Pandi Damiza, Kolë Çodila, Dimitri Çodila, Lekë Damiza, Todor Shunbati, Oliver Koçi (possibly, Kuçi), Gjin Mavro, Mihal Koçi, Gjin Prasha, Lal Koçi, Gjuro Luzi, Andrije Irahamishi, Petër Vavila, Pal Ruçi, Kolë Mamiza, Gjon Kudhoni, Marko Kadha, Gjon Koraqi, Pop Gjoni, Radi brother of  Pop Gjoni, Miriaka Karufada, Gjergj Zhatkori, Gjon Graçi (possibly, Vraçi), Dimitri Xhudhoni, Tanush Kudhoni, Bard Kudhoni, Domenik Filipi, and Gjon Gjonema.

References

Former municipalities in Dibër County
Administrative units of Dibër (municipality)


Doyle Marion "Porky" Lade (February 17, 1921 – May 18, 2000) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who pitched for the Chicago Cubs from  to . Although nicknamed for his stocky frame, Lade was listed as  tall and .

Born in Fairbury, Nebraska, Lade began his baseball career when he was signed by the Cleveland Indians as an amateur free agent in 1941. He spent the 1941 season with Oklahoma City of the Texas League, where he had a 6–10 record and an earned run average (ERA) of 3.66. At the end of the 1941 season, he was traded to Savannah of the South Atlantic League for Hugh Klaerner. On July 8, 1942, while playing for the Shreveport Sports of the Texas League, Lade pitched a no-hitter against San Antonio and won the game 1–0, with his solo home run providing the only run support for Shreveport. In August, he was purchased by the Chicago White Sox effective at the conclusion of the Texas League season, and was considered the top prospect of the four players acquired.

After the 1942 season ended, Lade signed up for military service, and spent the next few years as a member of the United States Coast Guard. When he returned to the White Sox for the 1946 season, he was placed on the original major league roster, but instead began the season for Shreveport. On July 9, 1946, Lade's contract was purchased from the Chicago White Sox by the Chicago Cubs. In his time in the minors in 1946, he won 12 games and at one time pitched 32 consecutive scoreless innings.

Lade made his major league debut on September 18, 1946, and played three games for the Cubs, losing two and finished with a 4.11 ERA. During the 1947 Chicago Cubs season, Lade had career highs in games started with 25, games played with 34, inning pitched with over 187, 11 wins, 10 losses, and a 3.94 ERA. By the end of the season, sportswriters were declaring the White Sox giving up Lade to be a "mistake" on their part. Over the next three season, Lade was primarily used as a spot starter. During the 1948 Chicago Cubs season, he played the first two months of the season before being optioned to Los Angeles to the disappointment of Ralph Kiner, who had hit five home runs off of Lade. He was later recalled and finished the season with the Cubs. He finished the season with a 4.02 ERA, five wins, and six losses in 19 games.

The 1949 Chicago Cubs season saw Lade continue his role as a utility pitcher, pitching in 36 games, starting 13, and finishing 12, going 4–5 with an ERA of 5.00 in the process. Lade put up similar stats during the 1950 Chicago Cubs season. In 34 games, 12 of which he started, he won five, lost six, and had an ERA of 4.74. He was on the Cubs' roster through the winter preceding the 1951 season, but was cut May 15, 1951, to reduce the Cubs to a 25-man roster. This signified the end of his major league career, with Lade having played his last game on September 29, 1950.

As a hitter, Lade was better than average for a pitcher, posting a .220 batting average (36-for-164) with 15 runs, 11 RBI and drawing 14 bases on balls. Defensively, he was a better than average fielding pitcher, recording a .988 fielding percentage, committing only two miscues in 171 total chances in 537.1 innings pitched, which was 27 points higher than the league average at his position.

Lade died on May 18, 2000, in Lincoln, Nebraska, at the age of 79. He was cremated and is interred at the National Memorial Cemetery of Arizona located in Phoenix, Arizona.

References

External links

1921 births
2000 deaths
Baseball players from Nebraska
Chicago Cubs players
Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mitchell Kernels players
Oklahoma City Indians players
Salina Millers players
Shreveport Sports players
People from Fairbury, Nebraska
United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II
Burials in Arizona


Baptism of Fire is a 1943 American documentary film starring Elisha Cook Jr. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

Cast
 Elisha Cook Jr. as Bill
 Peter Whitney as Pete

References

External links

 Baptism of Fire at the National Archives and Records Administration

1943 films
1943 short films
1943 documentary films
1940s short documentary films
American short documentary films
American World War II propaganda films
American black-and-white films
Black-and-white documentary films
Warner Bros. short films
1940s English-language films


Engineer Captain Charles Gerald Taylor  (8 May 1863 – 24 January 1915) was a Royal Navy officer and Wales international rugby union player who played club rugby for Blackheath. He was the first Welsh international to be killed in action during World War I. Taylor was an all-round athlete, and at one time was the Welsh pole vault champion.

Military career
Born in Ruabon, Wales, on 8 May 1863, Taylor joined the Royal Navy on 1 July 1885, when he was rated an acting assistant engineer.  Following his initial training he was confirmed in the rank on 1 July 1886. He was promoted to engineer on 1 September 1890, and chief engineer on 30 December 1900. He became an engineer lieutenant on 26 March 1903, and on 30 December 1904 was promoted to engineer commander. On 3 February 1911 King George V appointed him a Member of the Fourth Class of the Royal Victorian Order On 7 February 1912 he was promoted to engineer captain.

Much of Taylor's career was spent at training or other shore establishments.  However, shortly after the outbreak of World War I he was posted to the battlecruiser HMS Queen Mary, on 16 September 1914. On 20 November he was transferred to HMS Tiger. On 24 January 1915, Tiger was one of the vessels engaged in the Battle of Dogger Bank. HMS Tiger was struck by fire from the German cruiser SMS Blücher, and Taylor died during the engagement. Taylor was not buried at sea, and his body was returned to Britain to be buried at Tavistock New Cemetery in Devon.

Rugby career
It is unlikely Taylor ever played rugby for Ruabon as widely reported. He was an association footballer before he left home at sixteen to enrol as a naval engineering student at HMS Marlborough in Portsmouth. It was there he was converted into a rugby player. Taylor was a member of the HMS Marlborough rugby club when he made his debut for Wales against England in 1884 under the captaincy of Charlie Newman in the Home Nations Championship.

Wales lost the game but Taylor would play in the remaining two games of the campaign against Scotland and Ireland. In 1884 Taylor was reselected for Wales, in a team that would host several past and future captains, including Arthur Gould, Tom Clapp, Frank Hancock and Newman. In the 1885 Championship Taylor made his first international score when he converted William Stadden's try, though as no points were given to conversions at the time he is recorded with no career score.

In 1885, Taylor was spending much of his time in London, and when a group of Welshmen came together to form a club for London 'exiles', Taylor was among them. The club formed in June 1885, and Taylor became a committee member at the first meeting and then on 21 October became a member of the very first London Welsh team.

London Welsh would become a prominent club providing many Welsh internationals, the very first team containing six internationals; Taylor, Arthur Gould, Martyn Jordan, Thomas Judson, T. Williams and Rowley Thomas.

In 1886, Taylor was part of Frank Hancock's team that experimented with the four threequarter system for the first time in an international match. It was an unsuccessful experiment and was abandoned during the match. Taylor's final game for Wales was in 1887 against Ireland in a win at Birkenhead.

International games played
Wales
 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
 1884, 1887
 1884, 1885, 1886

Bibliography

Prescott, Gwyn (2014). Call Them to Remembrance: The Welsh Rugby Internationals who died in the Great War. .

References

External links
Career Statistics at ESPN Scrum

1863 births
1915 deaths
People from Ruabon
Welsh military personnel
British military personnel killed in World War I
Blackheath F.C. players
Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order
London Welsh RFC players
Rugby union players from Wrexham Maelor
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy officers of World War I
Welsh rugby union players
Wales international rugby union players
Rugby union three-quarters


A test execution engine is a type of software used to test software, hardware or complete systems.

Synonyms of test execution engine:
 Test executive
 Test manager
 Test sequencer

A test execution engine may appear in two forms:
 Module of a test software suite (test bench) or an integrated development environment
 Stand-alone application software

Concept
The test execution engine does not carry any information about the tested product. Only the test specification and the test data carries information about the tested product.

The test specification is software. Test specification is sometimes referred to as test sequence, which consists of test steps.

The test specification should be stored in the test repository in a text format (such as source code).
Test data is sometimes generated by some test data generator tool.
Test data can be stored in binary or text files.
Test data should also be stored in the test repository together with the test specification.

Test specification is selected, loaded and executed by the test execution engine similarly, as application software is selected, loaded and executed by operation systems. The test execution engine should not operate on the tested object directly, but through plug-in modules similarly as an application software accesses devices through drivers which are installed on the operation system.

The difference between the concept of test execution engine and operation system is that the test execution engine monitors, presents and stores the status, results, time stamp, length and other information for every Test Step of a Test Sequence, but typically an operation system does not perform such profiling of a software execution.

Reasons for using a test execution engine:
 Test results are stored and can be viewed in a uniform way, independent of the type of the test
 Easier to keep track of the changes
 Easier to reuse components developed for testing

Functions
Main functions of a test execution engine:
 Select a test type to execute. Selection can be automatic or manual.
 Load the specification of the selected test type by opening a file from the local file system or downloading it from a Server, depending on where the test repository is stored.
 Execute the test through the use of testing tools (SW test) or instruments (HW test), while showing the progress and accepting control from the operator (for example to Abort)
 Present the outcome (such as Passed, Failed or Aborted) of test Steps and the complete Sequence to the operator
 Store the Test Results in report files

An advanced test execution engine may have additional functions, such as:
 Store the test results in a Database
 Load test result back from the Database
 Present the test results as raw data.
 Present the test results in a processed format. (Statistics)
 Authenticate the operators.

Advanced functions of the test execution engine maybe less important for software testing, but these advanced features could be essential when executing hardware/system tests.

Operations types
A test execution engine by executing a test specification, it may perform different types of operations on the product, such as:
 Verification
 Calibration
 Programming
 Downloading firmware to the product's nonvolatile memory (Flash)
 Personalization: programming with unique parameters, like a serial number or a MAC address

If the subject is a software, verification is the only possible operation.

Execution engine


(in Catalan; literally "brotherhoods") were guilds of artisans in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain.  Each germania () represented a single trade.  The germanies are similar to the  (also "brotherhoods", but in Castilian Spanish) of Castile, which were paramilitary law-enforcement militias.  Similar to the hermandades, the Germanies at times took up arms to defend Valencia against raids from the Barbary pirates, but this privilege was revoked and the Germanies suppressed after they revolted against the royal government of King Charles I of Spain.

Revolt

The germanies began to take power in Valencia in 1519 after an outbreak of the plague, and the situation degenerated to open warfare between the Germanies and the Crown by 1520.  The previous king, Ferdinand of Aragon, had granted permission for the Germanies to take up arms shortly before his death, but the Valencian nobles had mostly quashed this possibility, fearing the Germanies would gain political power if they could back their demands with force.  King Charles I, however, issued an edict legalizing the Germanies to take up arms in 1519, which allowed the Germanies to strike back at the royal government after the new Viceroy of Valencia refused to seat elected representatives friendly to the Germanies.

The Germanies were defeated after a year of warfare and another year of guerrilla raids from the countryside.  Their leaders were executed as traitors and the Germanies were banned.

See also
 Hermandad

References

Guilds in Spain
History of the Valencian Community
Crown of Aragon
Defunct law enforcement agencies of Spain


Woundlicker is a novel by the journalist  Jason Johnson, which is set in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The story takes place during the slow-moving Northern Ireland peace process talks of 2004 and is written as the verbatim transcription of a covert British government recording. Johnson said his debut novel, published in 2005, was "a story without heroes set in a city where there are far too many."

Plot summary
The story is narrated by a disagreeable misfit and heavy drinker called Fletcher Fee  who works in a car wash at the Stormont government building. Some days after witnessing the violent abuse of an 18-year-old called Molly Duddy, Fee finds a listening device secreted in one of the government's black Mercedes cars which he is cleaning. He begins defining his character to the device, informing it and the reader that he is the product of a violent marriage between a Catholic father and a Protestant mother. Ultimately, Fee explains, he plans to break free from the shackles of a divided society. He develops a mild obsession with Molly, whom he refers to as Wee Blondie, as well as a plan to befriend her.

During a protest, overzealous police shoot Fee's only friend, a Muslim colleague called Karim. The killing, which gets second place in a news media obsessed with Northern Ireland politics, spurs 25-year-old Fee towards a dangerous and violent form of revenge. His targets are politicians and paramilitaries from both traditions in Northern Ireland,  Loyalist and Republican. The police, as well as both sides of the polarised community, are soon baffled as to who is carrying out these murders because they do not fit the traditional template of killing in Northern Ireland. After each murder, Fee returns to work and gets back into the car. There he describes what he has done and attempts to explain why he did it.

After a savage and public double-killing which follows Fee's first sexually charged meeting with Molly, he flees as the police try and fail miserably to track him down. The final chapter contains an official government response denying that it or any of its agents were aware of Fee or of his activities before his final act. It also contains a denial, aimed at a suspicious Press, insisting that the government played no part in facilitating Fee's escape. Rumours from Stormont had suggested that unscrupulous powers had viewed his attacks as a way of getting both sides to refocus on the issue at hand, by way of a common enemy. However the reader is already aware that all of Fee's words are a transcription from secret government recordings in which the protagonist is codenamed Woundlicker.

In a follow-up police operation, a letter from Fee is found in Molly's house suggesting that she join him as he begins to make a new life for himself. Molly, like Fee, is nowhere to be found.

Reaction
Woundlicker, Johnson's debut novel, was well received by critics in Ireland, with the author being described by playwright Nell McCafferty as "The Irish Irvine Welsh" due to its colloquial and visceral style.

However, Belfast minister David McIlveen called for it to be reviewed, saying "We need to ban this sort of filth...As far as I can see it's done for sensational purposes and shows an inability for the author to be constructive".  Johnson responded that it was "authentic and reflects life in some parts of Belfast"

Woundlicker is published by Belfast publishing house Blackstaff Press.

Other work
Alina, by Jason Johnson.

References

External links
 Jason Johnson website
 Blackstaff Press

2005 British novels
Novels from Northern Ireland
Novels set in Belfast


Ánima Estudios, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (stylized and also known as ÁNiMA formerly ánima) is a Mexican animation studio and family entertainment company founded in 2002 by Fernando De Fuentes S. and Jose C. Garcia De Letona, the studio is best known for producing El Chavo Animado, Top Cat: The Movie, the Leyendas franchise, and Cleo & Cuquín.

Anima's productions have been seen around the world, its distribution reach includes countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Russia, Japan, China. It has offices in Mexico City, Madrid, Buenos Aires and Las Palmas (Canary Islands.)

History

2003-2009: First years & the Mexican animation industry revival

On 19 November 2003, Ánima Estudios released its first film, Magos y Gigantes. This 2D family film, which tells the story of three misfit fairytale friends on a journey to compete in a renowned tournament of magic, is the first Mexican-animated feature produced in over 30 years. The movie was distributed by 20th Century Fox (now owned by Disney since 2019).

On 19 August 2005, Ánima Estudios released its second film, Imaginum. This sci-fi comedy film is later distributed globally by Porchlight Entertainment, it was sold in over 90 countries.

On 14 December 2005, Ánima Estudios enters a partnership with Estación Espacial to produce Poncho Balón. This mini-series about the adventures of a crazy football runs on Canal 5 in Mexico and Cartoon Network Latin America.

On 21 October 2006, Ánima Estudios produced its first full-length TV show, El Chavo Animado. Based on the live-action series created by Roberto Gómez Bolaños, the series premieres in Mexico on Canal 5. The series later premiered in the U.S. on Univision to highly successful ratings. To-date, El Chavo has garnered the highest ratings for an animated series in all of Latin America.

On 13 February 2009, the studio released its third film: El Agente 00-P2, a parody of the James Bond movie franchise.

On 10 November 2009, the company released the sci-fi holiday special A Martian Christmas direct-to-video as a co-venture with Porchlight Entertainment.

2010-2011: International expansion and success of Top Cat

On 22 January 2010, the studio releases its fifth animated film: AAA – Sin Límite en el Tiempo, a fictional take on the Mexican lucha libre professional wrestling league, AAA.

On 8 May 2010, Jose C. Garcia de Letona becomes the founder and president of ASIFA Mexico as well as an ASIFA International's board member.

On 11 May 2010, Ánima Estudios released Kung Fu Magoo, a comedy-adventure film based on the cartoon character, Mr. Magoo. It is produced in partnership with DreamWorks Classics (Classic Media) and marks the first time a Latin American animation production is sold to the U.S. market, as the film premiered on Disney XD on February 7, 2011, featuring the voices of Chris Parnell, Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Alyson Stoner, and Kenny Mayne as himself. The film is distributed worldwide in 65 territories.

On 10 September 2010, Ánima Estudios, along with co-producers Illusion Studios (Argentina) and Toonz India Ltd, releases the CG animated film, Gaturro, in Argentina. Based on the Argentinian comic book series of the same name, Gaturro is the first Indian-Latin American co-production and proves to be hugely successful at the Argentinian box office. On April 27, 2012, the studio releases Gaturro: La Película in Mexico, which is distributed by Santo Domingo Films, and on February 16, 2016, in the U.S. by Viva Pictures. It was the first Indian-Latin American co-production and was hugely successful at the Argentinian box office. On 27 April 2012, the studio released Gaturro: La Película in Mexico, distributed by Santo Domingo Films. and on February 16, 2016, was released in the United States straight-to-DVD, distributed by Viva Pictures.

On 16 September 2011, the studio released Top Cat: The Movie, (a.k.a. Don Gato y su Pandilla) in Mexico, through Warner Bros. Pictures. Based on the Hanna Barbera cartoon, Top Cat, the film was a huge box office hit in Mexico and one of the most successful releases ever for a Mexican production. On August 2, 2013, Top Cat: The Movie received a limited theatrical release in the U.S. through Viva Pictures, featuring the voice talents of Rob Schneider and Danny Trejo as Lou Strickland and Griswald, respectively. To-date, Top Cat: The Movie is one of the "Top 20" highest-grossing independent animated movies worldwide.

On 21 October 2011, the studio released the horror-comedy film, La Leyenda de la Llorona, which is a sequel to Animex's La Leyenda de la Nahuala. The movie was among the top 5 most successful movies of the year in Mexico. It is Ánima's first film in the Leyendas franchise.

2012-2013: Tenth anniversary, investment from Latin Idea Ventures, creation of Átomo Films and further expansion

In 2012, the company celebrated its 10th anniversary.

On 30 November 2012, the studio releases El Santos vs. La Tetona Mendoza under its adult animated label Átomo Films. This adaption of the Mexican comic book series created by José Ignacio Solórzano (Trino), it stars an ensemble voice cast of well-known Mexican actors such as Daniel Giménez Cacho, José María Yazpik, Héctor Jiménez, and veteran filmmaker Guillermo del Toro. In 2013 El Santos becomes the first Mexican animated feature to premiere at the renowned Annecy Film Festival.

On 31 December 2012, Ánima Estudios premiered its original TV show, Teenage Fairytale Dropouts on Seven Network in Australia. This 11x52 comedy is an international co-venture between Ánima Estudios, SLR Productions (Australia) and Telegael (Ireland). The show, which is loosely based on the studio's first film, "Magos y Gigantes", premieres in the U.S. on the Hub Network, marking the first time a Latin American animated series is acquired by a major U.S. network and the first time the studio enters the North American. The series airs in some 35 countries including on Spain (TVE) and HBO Asia. On October 16, 2017, the series is acquired by Bejuba! Entertainment for new distribution rights and is renamed Awesome Magical Tales.

On 5 February 2013, through a partnership with Spain's Vodka Capital and Televisa Home Entertainment, Ánima Estudios releases a multi-platform, 13-episode, TV series titled Bugsted. The franchise, which tells the story of an ordinary bug who is accidentally taken to the moon with the Apollo 11 mission, consists of a series of collectible action figures, a game app developed for the iOS and Android systems and a TV miniseries aimed for children 8–11.

On 17 October 2013, Latin Idea Ventures announces it will invest an undisclosed amount into Ánima Estudios to assist with the studio's expansion plans.

2014-2015: CGI, mobile and Ánima Kitchent

On 22 April 2014, Ánima Estudios launches a European division based in Madrid, Spain, named Ánima Kitchent.

On 22 May 2014, Televisa Interactive Media publishes and releases KickOs, a new soccer-themed game app developed by Ánima Estudios for the Android and iOS systems. The app is currently available on the iTunes App Store and Google Play.

On 17 September 2014, Variety reported that a computer-animated follow-up to Top Cat: The Movie, titled Top Cat Begins, has been announced for release on 7 August 2015, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Additionally, it is also announced that the studio is currently in production with a feature film adaptation of DePatie-Freleng's Here Comes the Grump.

On 30 October 2014, the studio releases La Leyenda de las Momias de Guanajuato. It becomes the first Mexican film ever to be produced in the motion-enhanced 4DX format. It was a box-office success, grossing over $90 million pesos.

On 18 February 2015, European subsidiary Ánima Kitchent, announces a partnership with the Spain-based Famosa to adapt its PinyPon brand into an animated television series.

On 10 April 2015, Ánima Estudios releases its first CG-animated feature, Wicked Flying Monkeys. This original adaptation of The Wizard of Oz book series, debuts in third place at the box office. The film is the studio's biggest production to-date and is also their first English-language production. It is produced with India's Discreet Arts. Most notably, the film is designed, written and executive produced by Jorge Gutierrez of The Book of Life fame. Wicked Flying Monkeys is simultaneously released in Russia, making it the first Latin American movie to receive a wide commercial release in the country. At the 2015 2015 Cannes Film Festival, the film is sold for distribution to such countries as the U.K., Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Australia and New Zealand. Wicked Flying Monkeys launches in the U.S. on January 24, 2017, as Guardians of Oz.

On 15 April 2015, the studio's third animated television series, El Chapulín Colorado, premieres on the digital platform Veo. Shortly after, the series is released on Televisa's free-to-air networks in Mexico and throughout all of Latin America.

On 30 October 2015, the studio releases Top Cat Begins in Mexico through Warner Bros. Pictures. A CG-animated follow-up to Top Cat: The Movie debuted third place in the Mexican box office. To-date the movie has been released in the U.K., Colombia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Portugal, Israel, Hong Kong, India, Australia and New Zealand, among many others.

On 24 August 2015, the studio releases the music video Vamos a la Cama, starring La Familia Telerin in Mexico during primetime on Channel 2. The uber-popular vid is broadcast daily during the same timeslot for the following 10 months. Produced in English, the reboot series will consist up to 52 7-minute episodes.

2016: New partnerships

On 18 February 2016, Frederator Networks and Ánima Estudios launch a YouTube channel called Átomo Network. The channel features original programming produced by Ánima Estudios, original programming from Latin America, as well as Spanish-dubbed versions of Channel Frederator shows like "107 Facts." To-date, Átomo Network has garnered over 6.6 million subscribers and more than 1.1 billion global views. "Átomo Network opens up a new global outlet for audiences and creators alike. We aim to give Spanish-speaking audiences all over the world an entertainment destination specifically tailored to them," said José C. García de Letona, COO & Executive Vice President Ánima Estudios.

On 15 April 2016, in order to assist in the growth of the professional animation industry in Latin America, Ánima Estudios announces a partnership with  California Institute of the Arts (CALARTS). The partnership demonstrates Anima's commitment for the growth of the animation industry in Latin America.[68] "It is an honor and a privilege to start this relationship with CalArts," said COO Jose C. Garcia de Letona. "We are positive [that] it will have a long term impact in the quality of our productions, the animation industry in Latin America, and in the professional lives of our staff."

On 26 May 2016, Ánima Estudios and Cartoon Network (Latin America) announce that they will jointly produce an animation contest for young creators to pitch their own animated content developed for children ages 6 to 11. The Seventh Knight, created by Andrés Eduardo Luna Rivera and Sebastián Felipe Luna Rivera from Colombia, and WTQ: What the Quest is This? created by Ernesto Molina from Mexico, tie for first prize. "We aim to grow the industry not only in Mexico but in Latin America as well. There's a lot of amazing creators in the region who have wonderful projects that should be supported and promoted", commented Anima COO Jose C. Garcia de Letona. "We are very happy with the response we got to this contest," said Hernan La Greca, senior creative director for Cartoon Network Latin America and its subsidiaries. "We are thrilled to support animation in Latin America through initiatives that promote the development of new talent and provide exposure to new ideas and productions." Ánima COO José C. García Letona also added that the company's response to the contest "has surpassed our expectations, not only for the number of projects that were submitted, but also for their quality. We are excited to confirm that there's a huge amount of talent in Latin America committed to creating animated content."

On 12 September 2016, the studio's European division, Ánima Kitchent, launches PINY: Institute of New York on Disney Channel, Spain. Based on the toy brand of the same name, this 52x11 comedy features Michelle Fairchild, a student at the college who wants to become a top fashion designer. The series is produced with Televisa and Russian broadcasters Karusel TV and Ani.

On 14 October 2016, the studio releases La leyenda del Chupacabras theatrically in the U.S. and in Mexico on October 21, 2016, where it becomes one of the top grossing Mexican films of all time. During its opening weekend at the Mexican box office, this Alberto Rodgriguez directed film pulls in over 1 million viewers in just 3 days, becoming one of the top 20 grossing Mexican films of all time.  "We are beyond happy with the results at the box office and the ever-growing loyal following our Leyendas have in Latin America," said Ánima EVP and COO, José C. García de Letona.

2017: Legend Quest and Monster Island worldwide premiere

On 12 January 2017, Forbes Magazine recognizes Fernando de Fuentes S. and Jose C. Garcia de Letona for founding Ánima Estudios.

On 24 February 2017, based on the Leyendas horror-comedy film saga, the company releases Las Leyendas (a.k.a. Legend Quest) on Netflix worldwide. Produced and written by James Kreig, the series is the first original offering as part of a larger, ongoing relationship with the streaming giant. It is also the first Netflix original to be produced in Latin America and also the first Netflix original Animated show produced out of a non-English speaking country.

On 6 March 2017, Ánima and Cartoon Network launch a second animation contest for short format series. The winning short series concept, Ram Pam Dam, is chosen from among 170+ projects from 17 different countries. "We're proud and happy to continue our efforts on supporting creators from Latin America showcase their talents; we are also extremely honored to have Cartoon Network as our partner in this initiative for the second year in a row".

On 4 June 2017, La leyenda del Chupacabras wins "Anima Latina's Best Latin American Movie" award in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

On 12 June 2017, Ánima's Ana & Bruno becomes the second of the studio's films to be recognized as an Official Selection during the Annecy Film Festival.

On 14 June 2017, Entrepreneur Magazine recognizes Jose C. Garcia de Letona and Fernando de Fuentes S. as two of its "Top 5" most innovative business leaders in LATAM in its yearly "Entrepreneur Rockstars" edition.

On 11 July 2017, the Guadalajara, Mexico-based theme park, Selva Mágica, unveils the first VR Ride created specifically for the Latin American market called, Cantinflas The Time Machine. The animated short portion of the ride is produced by Anima Estudios and stars Mexican icon "Cantinflas". "As our first virtual reality project we had the amazing opportunity to work in such a different and powerful medium and explore its many possibilities, having the short feature such an emblematic character as Cantinflas is an honor by itself, the whole experience and the trust placed in us by Ventura Entertainment (Selva Magica's holding company) makes us very proud and thankful" commented José C. García de Letona, Anima's COO.

On 21 July 2017, Monster Island is released theatrically in the UK, Mexico, South Korea, China, Spain, France and several other countries. On December 1, 2017, it enjoys a worldwide debut as a Netflix exclusive movie.

On 3 August 2017, the IDB (Inter-American Development Bank) names Anima one of the 50 most innovative companies in Latin America.

On 7 September 2017, José C. García de Letona, Ánima Estudios' COO was is featured as a keynote speaker at the 2017 Pixelatl Festival. His presentation focuses on the 15th Anniversary of the studio and how the industry has evolved over the last decade and a half of expansion. He also showcases many of the global achievements of the company.

On 2 November 2017, in partnership Bogotá-based Teravision Games, the studio releases  "Las Leyendas: El Pergamino Mágico" an app based on the Leyendas franchise.

2018:  Space Chickens land on Disney and international theatrical release of 3 movies

On 1 January 2018, the company unveils a new logo, announced on their social media, and was renamed to "Ánima". The whole company, including Anima Kitchent is known just as Ánima moving forward.

On 19 January 2018, the studio releases La leyenda del Charro Negro, the fifth installment of the Leyendas film franchise. Its run at the box office makes it the best-performing film in the saga. It is released in select theaters in the U.S. on March 23, 2018, by Pantelion Films.

On 22 January 2018, Ánima's Cleo & Cuquín, a 7x52 television adaptation of Spain's Familia Telerín, premieres on the Nick Jr. Channel in the U.S. The preschool comedy also appears on Netflix, Spain's Clan TV and Discovery Kids. Ánima later signs Mattel as Global Master Toy partner for the series. "Cleo &Cuquín is a great opportunity for us to bring to life characters that not only appeal to today's preschoolers but also have nostalgia with parents in markets where Familia Telerín has strong heritage", says Lauren DeFeo, vice president, Toy Box division, Mattel

On 1 March 2018, Ánima in co-production with London-based Prime Focus World releases a CG-animated feature film adaptation of DePatie-Freleng's Here Comes the Grump in Italy. Lead voice talent includes British actors Lily Collins, Ian McShane and Toby Kebbell. "Having such amazing actors be part of our movie makes us feel even more excited about it. We are sure that the audiences will love McShane's grouchy character, Lily's adorable princess and Toby's cool hero," added José C. García de Letona, film's producer. To-date, Here comes the Grump has been released theatrically in Mexico, the U.K., South Africa, Israel, Russia, Estonia, Ukraine, Hungary, Singapore and Kuwait and it has scheduled release dates for China, Portugal, Poland, Greece, Iceland, Serbia, Croatia, Vietnam, Middle East, Turkey, South Korea, France, Spain, Bolivia, Ecuador, Uruguay and Paraguay.

On 7 April 2018, Ánima's Ana and Bruno wins the award for "Best Feature Film" at the inaugural Quirino Awards. The film is a co-production between Ánima, Lo Coloco Films and Altavista Films. José C. García de Letona and Fernando de Fuentes S. are producers on the project. The Quirinos is the first initiative to recognize talent across the entire Ibero-American animation industry.

On 11 July 2018, Fernando de Fuentes S. assumes the role of president of Canacine, Mexico's chamber organization dedicated to the country's cinema industry.

On 15 August 2018, the leading business magazine in Latin America, Expansión, recognizes José C. García de Letona as one of the "7 most successful film producers" to have revived the movie industry in Mexico creating a new Golden Age of Mexican cinema.

On 20 August 2018, Alto Nivel Magazine profiles Jose C. Garcia de Letona, Anima's COO and co-founder, and recognizes him as one of the leading entertainment industry executives in Latin America.

On 22 November 2018, Space Chickens in Space debuted on Disney Channel networks in Europe, Middle East and Africa and 9Go! in Australia. The show centers on the adventures of three chickens — Chuck, Starley, and Finley — who are accidentally enrolled in an elite intergalactic former military academy. The 52x 11 minute series is a co-production between Anima, Disney EMEA, Cake Entertainment and Studio Moshi.

On 11 December 2018, José C. García de Letona, Ánima's COO is featured as a keynote speaker at Ventana Sur (Buenos Aires, Argentina), organized by Marché du Film – Cannes Film Festival and the Argentinean National Institute of Cinema & Audiovisual Arts.

2019: La Cumbre, Space Chickens on Disney Channel LA and Legend Quest: Masters of Myth

On 25 January 2019, Anima's Cleo & Cuquin is nominated for "Best Ibero-American Animation Series" for the Quirino Awards.

On 8 February 2019, Animation Ireland announces the nominees for the third Irish Animation Awards with Space Chickens in Space earning the honor of being the most-nominated program with six nods.

On 28 February 2019, Ánima alongside Pixelatl Festival and Mighty Studios announces La Cumbre, a new summit dedicated to enabling networking and collaborations between Mexican animation studios and support them to achieve world-class animation through partnerships with major animation studios globally. Jose Iñesta from Pixelatl, Luispa Salmon from Mighty and Jose C. Garcia de Letona (Anima's COO) are the founders of this initiative.

On 9 March 2019, at the Guadalajara International Film Festival (FICG), Melissa Cobb, Netflix Vice President Kids & Family and director Guillermo del Toro announced a brand new Netflix Original series as a follow-up to Anima's Legend Quest show, which itself is also a Netflix Original.

On 23 March 2019, the Irish Animation Awards organized by Animation Ireland recognizes Space Chickens in Space with the "Kids Choice Award For Best Animated Series (6-12 years)" and also the "Best VFX as part of Animated TV Series or Film" award. "The level of quality this year has been truly outstanding from all the entrants and it really highlights the magnificent talent of the animation sector" said Animation Ireland Chairperson Moe Honan

On 6 April 2019, Ánima announces its upcoming theatrical release; La Liga de los 5, an epic adventure with Mexican superheroes.

Upcoming films include La liga de los 5 and Cranston Academy: Monster Zone, a CG animation horror-comedy film. They're expected to be released in 2019. The second season of Netflix's Legend Quest is expected to debut by the end of 2019.

On 16 April 2019, since the Premiere of Cleo & Cuquín in early 2018 the show has been the #1 preschool show on free-to-air television in both Spain and Mexico, having eclipsed globally successful properties such as Peppa Pig, Paw Patrol and PJ Masks.

On 23 April 2019, Ánima and producers Fernando de Fuentes and José C García de Letona make history at the Ariel Awards (Mexican Film Academy awards) with 3 nominations in the "Best Feature Length Animated Film" category with the films Here Comes the Grump, La leyenda del Charro Negro and Ana y Bruno. On 24 June 2019, Ana and Bruno wins the highly prestigious award.

On 5 October 2019 Anima's Netflix Original "Legend Quest: Masters of Myth" will be released worldwide. The new 13-episode series is executive produced by Fernando de Fuentes S. José C. García de Letona and Jim Krieg.

On 1 November 2019 it was revealed that the main cast voice for Anima's "Cranston Academy: Monster Zone", is led by Jamie Bell (Billy Elliot, Rocketman) as Danny, and Ruby Rose (Batwoman, Orange is the New Black) as Liz. The movie will be released in 2020.

On 11 November 2019 Anima's comedy series "Space Chickens in Space" will launch on Disney Latino America. The show was created by José C. García de Letona and Rita Street, designed and directed by award-winning Norwegian twins Tommy and Markus Vad Flaaten (Twin Trash).

2020:  Worldwide Alliances and 2D Original Films return

On 10 January 2020, La liga de los 5 is theatrically released in Mexico to great critical acclaim.

On 22 January 2020, Anima's Space Chickens in Space is nominated for "Best Ibero-American Animation Series" for the Quirino Awards, which awards honor the very best animation projects in LATAM, Spain & Portugal. The series is an Anima coproduction with Disney and Cake Entertainment.

On 23 January 2020, Aardman Animation acquires distribution rights for Brave Bunnies, the 2D animated pre-school series co-produced by Ánima and Glowberry, it is currently in production and will be released in 2021. Spin Master is on board as global toy partner.

On 24 January 2020, Cleo & Cuquin premiered in China on CCTV (China Central Television), marking a new milestone in the global reach and success of the brand.

On 4 February 2020, Educational App Cleo & Cuquin: Explore + Learn has been nominated for the 2020 Kidscreen Awards.

 On February 12, 2020, the app is announced as the winner of the Best Learning App category.

On 27 April 2020, Jose C Garcia de Letona collaborates with the International Bank of Development (BID) as an expert in the course "The Value of Creativity and Innovation: The Orange Economy", so people from Latin America and the world have the opportunity to learn more about the creative industries and its infinite potential.

On 26 June 2020, "Liga de los 5" got a 90% freshness score from Rotten Tomatoes Latin website (Tomatazos) making it one the very best reviewed movies ever at the platform. It is directed by Marvick Nunez and produced by Jose C. Garcia de Letona & Fernando de Fuentes.

On 2 September 2020 Milkshake! acquired the first season of Brave Bunnies co-produced by Ánima and Glowberry and distributed by Aardman. The show is set to air on Milkshake! next year.

On 7 October 2020, Ánima and Touche Films announced an alliance to produce animated content based on the universe of Enchufe.TV. Enchufe TV is by far the most successful YouTube channel in all of the Spanish speaking world, racking up billions of views on their live action comedy sketches and series. "Touché Films is the perfect partner to create original content for a teen and young adult audience. We love their characters and we're excited to work with their talented team"  commented José C. García de Letona, Anima's COO. Arturo Yepez, Touche Films' CEO added "This partnership allows us to merge the creativity of Touche Films and the universe of enchufe.tv with Anima's sensibility, quality and first class animation capabilities"

On 6 November 2020, Ánima and Lunes Animation (Chile) announced a new show aimed at teens and adults based in the most popular comic strip in Latin America, Condorito, "we want the Condorito sitcom to be enjoyed all over the world, not just in the region; that's why we are confident Ánima's expertise and sensibility will help us achieve this ambitious goal" said Jose Navarro, CEO at Lunes. "Condorito is one of the most cherished characters in all of Latin America. We are so proud of the opportunity to bring these characters to life through animation.We will be loyal to the character's essence and origins while at the same time giving him a new, fresh look and having a contemporary approach to the stories" José C. García de Letona, COO @ Anima.

On 12 November 2020, Xico's Journey is theatrically released in LATAM reaching an extraordinary 98% score at Rotten Tomatoes ("Tomatazos", the Spanish language site), being one of the top movie scores of the year. The movie was also sold to Netflix worldwide; in various territories it became one of the Top 10 most viewed  for several weeks. The movie was produced by Jose C. Garcia de Letona, Fernando de Fuentes and Cristina Pineda.

2021:  Disney acquisitions and adults division
On 24 February 2021, Anima marks a new milestone at the Quirino Awards being the first company nominated three times in the same category; with "La liga de los cinco", "Xico's Journey" and "Cranston Academy: Monster Zone" up for Best Ibero-American Animation Feature Film.

On 20 May 2021, Brave Bunnies hits the #1 slot for preschoolers in Milkshake (UK) just a few months after its release. Also being broadcast with great results in Australia and Italy.

On 9 August 2021, Ánima launches Adult-YA division, unveils 'El Santos' series adaptation of the company's 2012 comic book-inspired feature "El Santos vs la Tetona Mendoza." "We've seen so much appetite from platforms and networks for content that's animated for adults and young adults," García de Letona explained.

On 18 August 2021, 'Cranston Academy: Monster Zone' and 'La liga de los 5' were nominated for Best animated feature at the Ariel Awards (Mexican Film Academy awards).

On 30 September 2021, Xico's Journey was nominated for Best animated feature at the Platino awards which recognized excellence in the Ibero-American audiovisual industry.

On 4 October 2021, Disney Plus Latin America Acquires 'Las Leyendas' Films from Mexican Animation Powerhouse Ánima. "Since the initial launch with the first film in 2007, 'Las Leyendas' films continue to be ranked as some of the top grossing movies of all time in Mexico achieving tremendous box-office and audience success with each film more successful than the previous one," said José C. García de Letona, COO and co-founder of Ánima.

2022:  Aztec Batman and new partnerships
On 17 February 2022, Anima's Brave Bunnies is nominated in the Quirino Awards for the Best Ibero-American Animation Series; Jose C. Garcia de Letona & Fernando de Fuentes are Executive Producers on the series.

On 20 April 2022, the 52 episodes’ series Space Chickens In Space started streaming on Disney+ in Europe. The show was created by José C. García de Letona and Rita Street, directed by award-winning Norwegian twins Tommy and Markus Vad Flaaten and produced by Fernando De Fuentes S., José C. García de Letona has won the Kids Choice Awards for Best Animated Series at the Irish Animation Awards, among others.

On 13 June 2022, HBO Max Latin America unveiled a new take on the Dark Knight in the upcoming animation feature “Aztec Batman: Clash of Empires” in the first ever collaboration of Ánima with Warner Bros. Animation. The original film places the iconic DC superhero against the backdrop of Aztec Mexico and immerses viewers in the enigmatic culture of Mesoamerica. Juan Meza-León (“Harley Quinn”) directs the feature, while Anima's José C. García de Letona and Fernando De Fuentes serve as producers.

On 15 July 2022, Ánima is partnering with Green Kids Club on its original property "Victor and the Infinite & Mysterious Hallway of Loos". The comedy action-adventure celebrates the many challenges and victories of Victor, a middle school “Every Kid” who finds his inner hero and a sense of belonging. Ánima CEO & President Fernando De Fuentes S. notes, “We love working on projects that honor Latin America’s culture and its people. Comedies with a fantasy vibe are our favorites. We can’t wait to bring this amazing wacky animated series to the audience. ”

On 5 August 2022, IDW and Ánima announced the development of an adult animated series “Brutal Nature.” García de Letona who serves as COO at Ánima commented: “’Brutal Nature’ will help us keep building up high quality stories with a Latin sensibility that can be enjoyed all over the world and we can't think of a better partner to achieve it.”

On 6 September 2022, HBO Max reveals Horacio García Rojas, Omar Chaparro and Álvaro Morte as the main voices of "Aztec Batman: Clash of Empire" in celebration of the 83rd anniversary of Batman, the iconic DC character Comics. The film will be produced entirely in Mexico by Warner Bros. Animation, Ánima and Chatrone.

On 12 December 2022, Wildbrain, Glowberry and Ánima partner on "Brave Bunnies" preschool franchise across new production, distribution and consumer products for season two of the successful show which follows the adventures of two rabbits.

2023: Future of Ánima and upcoming projects
On 24 April 2023, "Cuquin", the new animated series of the youngest sibling of the beloved Familia Telerín, premiered in HBO Max and Cartoonito. This new series is fun for the whole family and will show that the best adventures are the ones you have with your best friends. "Cuquin" was created by Sean Gabuat and Rodrigo Pineda, while Marc Seal (PJ Masks) and Lisa Arkhurst (PJ Masks) oversaw script and narrative developments. Fernando De Fuentes S., José C. García de Letona, Ángel Molinero, Miguel Aldasoro and Rodrigo Pineda are series' executive producers.

On 15 June 2023, during the prestigious Annecy International Animation Film Festival, "Aztec Batman: Clash of Empires" was presented in the Work in Progress sessions by director Juan Meza-León, character designer Marvick Núñez, art director Diego Olascoaga, producer José C. García de Letona and Peter Girardi, vice-president at Warner Bros. Animation.

On 3 July 2023, a new film of the successful saga "Las Leyendas" was announced: "La Leyenda de los Chaneques" which will be release exclusively on ViX.

On 14 July 2023, "La Leyenda de los Chaneques", the 7th film of the "Las Leyendas" saga was released in the U.S., México, and Central America on ViX. This film franchise has become the most successful saga in the history of the Mexican Film Industry. Produced by Fernando De Fuentes S. and José C. García de Letona and directed by Marvick Núñez.

Filmography

Films
Magos y Gigantes (Wizards and Giants) (2003)
Imaginum (2005)
El agente 00-P2 (Agent Macaw: Shaken and Stirred) (2009)
A Martian Christmas (2009) (direct-to-video)
Trepsi, Nuny y Wicho - Los Amigos de Trepsi (2009) (direct-to-video)
AAA, la película: Sin límite en el tiempo (AAA: The Movie) (2010)
Kung-Fu Magoo (2010) (direct-to-video)
Gaturro: la película (Gaturro: The Movie) (2010) (co-production only)
Don gato y su pandilla (Top Cat: The Movie) (2011)
La leyenda de la Llorona (The Legend of the Llorona) (2011)
El Santos vs. La Tetona Mendoza (The Wild Adventures of El Santos) (2012) (under its Átomo Films label)
Trepsi, Nuny y Wicho - Arriba y Abajo (2012) (direct-to-video)
La leyenda de las Momias de Guanajuato (Legend of the Mummies) (2014)
Guardianes de Oz (Guardians of Oz/Wicked Flying Monkeys) (2015)
Don Gato: El inicio de la pandilla (Top Cat Begins) (2015)
La leyenda del Chupacabras (The Legend of Chupacabras) (2016)
Isla Calaca (Monster Island) (2017)
La leyenda del Charro Negro (The Legend of Charro Negro) (2018)
Ahí viene Cascarrabias (Here Comes the Grump/A Wizard's Tale) (2018)
Ana y Bruno (Ana & Bruno) (2018) (co-production only)
La liga de los 5 (2020)
Escuela de miedo (Cranston Academy: Monster Zone) (2020)
El Camino de Xico (Xico's Journey) (2020)
Las leyendas: el origen (2022)
La leyenda de los Chaneques (2023)
Aztec Batman: Clash of Empires (2024)
El Chavo: The Movie (TBA)

Television shows

Television series
El Chavo (2006-2014) (based on El Chavo del Ocho)
Awesome Magical Tales (2012)
El Chapulín Colorado (2015-2017)
PINY: Institute of New York (2016-2017) (produced under Ánima Kitchent)
Legend Quest (2017) (Netflix original series based on the Leyendas saga)
Cleo & Cuquin (2018–2020) (produced under Ánima Kitchent)
Space Chickens in Space (2018–2019)
Legend Quest: Masters of Myth (2019)
Brave Bunnies (2021–present) (produced under Ánima Kitchent and co-produced with Glowberry (all seasons) and WildBrain Studios (season 2))
Cuquin (2023–present) (produced under Ánima Kitchent and spin off of Cleo & Cuquin)
Condorito series (2024) (co-produced with Lunes)
El Santos series (TBA) (under its adult production label)
Brutal Nature series (TBA) (co-produced with IDW Publishing)
Victor and the Infinite & Mysterious Hallway of Loos (TBA) (co-produced with Green Kids Club)

Miniseries
Cascaritos (2003-2006)
Poncho Balón (2005-2006)
Espinito (2005-2006)
Bugsted (2013-2014)

Online series
KickOs (2014)
La Familia Telerín (2015)
SuperÉpico (2016)
Mad Dinner (2016)
Las Crónicas Trol (2017)
Trepsi Nuny-Wicho (2019)
Lea & Pop (2019)

Video games
Bugsted (2013)
KickOs (2014)
Las Leyendas: El pergamino mágico (2017)

Shorts
Bugsted (2016) (Theatrical release with La leyenda del Chupacabras)
What The Quest Is This? (2016) (Television short)
El Séptimo Caballero (2016) (Television short)
Cantinflas VR: La máquina del tiempo (2017) (Virtual reality attraction)
Ram Pam Dam (2018) (Television short)
El cuervo y el venado (2020)
Rebeca (2021)

Contributions
El Chavo Kart (2014) – Concept art and cutscenes animation.
Pig Goat Banana Cricket (2015-2018) – Animation services; some episodes only.
Apollo Gauntlet (2016) – Animation services for "Pilot".
Cupcakery of Doom (2016) – Animation services; short film for the Nickelodeon Animated Shorts Program.
Tito Lizzardo and Catty B (2020-present) – Animation services; a music project from Sony Latin America and Sony España
The Great Wolf Pack: A Call to Adventure (2022) - Animation services
Tales of the Great Wolf Pack (2023) - Animation services

See also
Mexican animation
List of Mexican animated films
List of animation studios

References

External links
 Official site (English)
 Official site (Español)
 Original Ánima Estudios website
 IMDB Anima Estudios

Mexican companies established in 2002
Mexican animation studios
Film production companies of Mexico
Mass media in Mexico City
Mass media companies established in 2002


Yemişanlı is a municipality and village in the Oghuz Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 485.

References

Populated places in Oghuz District