The Magic Voyage () is a 1992 German animated fantasy film produced and directed by Michael Schoemann. It was released in Germany by Atlas Film on 14 February 1992. The film was later dubbed in English and released in the United States and Canada: two English dubs were actually produced. The first one was a rare English dub released by Atlas Film, while the second English dub was produced by Hemdale Film Corporation, released as The Magic Voyage on 23 April 1993 with a new and more well-known voice cast. The latter dub had a different music soundtrack, and both English dubs had different translations.

Plot
In 1492, many believe that the Earth is flat and that ships could fall over the planet's edge; the dangers of the ocean have thus far prevented the extensive travel that would disprove this belief. However, Italian navigator Christopher Columbus theorizes that the Earth is a cube, which negatively affects his cartography.

An adventuring woodworm named Pico eats away the corners of Columbus' globe, which convinces him that the Earth is round. With the prospect of falling off the Earth eliminated, Columbus concludes that he could reach the Indies faster by sea travel than Marco Polo had done by land, and goes to present his theory to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain in the hope of receiving funding for an expedition. Columbus' proposal outrages King Ferdinand, but Queen Isabella is won over by her own attraction to Columbus as well as his promise of spices, gold and jewelry, and she grants his request for three ships. King Ferdinand, not expecting Columbus to return, agrees to the voyage, but tells Columbus that if he does not return with gold, he will be executed.

Meanwhile, Pico snoops around the castle and meets Marilyn, the princess of the moon sprites. Marilyn explains her land was invaded by an evil insect swarm named the Swarm Lord, and she has been kept prisoner in the castle's chandelier until she reveals the secret of her powers to him. Pico and Marilyn attempt to escape, but the Swarm Lord returns and takes Marilyn to his kingdom in the still-undiscovered New World.

The next day, Columbus is about to set sail on the Santa Maria to discover the New World. Pico rushes to the ship, but is stopped by a trio of rats, who plan to eat him. Pico informs the rats of a food supply on Columbus' ship, but they leave Pico behind, and he narrowly reaches the ship by hitching a ride on a passing seagull. The rats, having learned that the ship is sailing to the supposed end of the world, attempt to steal Columbus' lifeboat and flee, but Pico dissuades them from the theft by convincing them that the New World is a land of cheese. Pico reunites with Columbus and explains that he needs to save Marilyn.

Columbus' crewmates overhear their captain talking to Pico and come to the conclusion that Columbus is crazy. That night, Pico overhears the crew plotting to kill Columbus to avoid sailing off the Earth's edge. Columbus, upon Pico's warning, placates the crew with a song about heroic sailors. The next day, the crew's morale drops once more when a supposed island turns out to be a deserted Viking ship. As the crew try to hang Columbus, he sees the New World from the mast. The Swarm Lord appears and attempts to destroy the ship, but it manages to make it ashore.

Pico, Columbus, a beaver named Bob, and two surviving rats venture through the island's jungle and reach the Swarm Lord's Aztec temple. As the Swarm Lord attempts to steal Marilyn's powers, Pico rescues her while Columbus climbs to the top of the Swarm Lord's honeycomb and takes a golden idol. Columbus uses the idol to squash the Swarm Lord, and the beaver destroys the temple by chewing through the honeycomb. The team escapes, but Marilyn drowns in a waterfall and is found lifeless on a floating flower. Once the sun rises, she comes back to life and Pico and Marilyn kiss. The natives of the island thank Columbus for destroying the Swarm Lord. The group sails off back to Spain, and Columbus is happy knowing that he discovered the New World and proved that the world is round.

Cast

Daran Norris, Henry Crowell Jr., James Knapp, Brett Baxter Clark, Ted Prior and Rosemary Alexander provide additional voices in the Hemdale dub.

Marshall Raynor, Marcus Calvin, David Creedon, Nick Lloyd, Helena Jungwirth, Dilys Goggins, Elmore James, J. Drew Lucas, David Kehoe, Phil Nibbelink, Deborah Norris, Jack Luceno, Marian Schikorn, Ron Williams, Osman Ragheb, Ziad Ragheb, Elisabeth Von Molo, and David Williamson provide additional voices in the Atlas dub, though many of their roles are unidentified since they weren't given specific credits.

Musical numbers
The songs are written by Scott Santoro, except "Heaven Is" written by Harald Kloser, Tommy Schobel, Al Jarreau and Robby Scharf.
 "Christopher Columbus" (instrumental)
 "Pico the Adventurer" – Feldman
 "A Fella Like You" – Feldman and DeLuise
 "The World of Magic" – Cara
 "The Life of the Sea" – DeLuise
 "We'll Always Be Together" – Feldman and Cara
 "Heaven Is" – Jarreau

Production
The Magic Voyage was originally released in Germany in 1992, the year when America celebrated the 500th anniversary of the famous voyage of Christopher Columbus. Other films released during this time of year include 1492: Conquest of Paradise, Carry On Columbus and Christopher Columbus: The Discovery.

At the time, it was the most-expensive animated production in Germany, costing 14.5 million Deutsche Marks (8.3 million in dollars). During the initial German theatrical release, Schoemann said that it was intended to be a film about the discovery of America "from a more satirical view in order to differentiate ourselves clearly from the lofty views of history so we can present Columbus as a lovable, charming and befuddled scholar".

During initial production, the film would star the woodworm from Stowaways on the Ark (another German animated film produced by MS-Film), as well as a modest Columbus. However, the film was altered once American partners started investing on it, and it saw potential for an international market. Phil Nibbelink served as animation director, while American animators Stanley Green, Kevin Richardson, Rick Morrison and George Singer in the animation department. Production took three years.

English dub
Two English dubs were produced; the first features the voices of Donald Arthur as Columbus, as well as Nibbelink and several German voice actors in miscellaneous roles. The availability is rare, but it can be obtained through Malaysian VCD releases distributed by Berjaya HVN Sdn Bhd and Croatian VHS issuings with subtitles.

The second dub was recorded for the North American home-video release with a more well-known cast, including Dom DeLuise as Columbus, Corey Feldman as Pico, Irene Cara as Marilyn and Mickey Rooney as the Narrator. Particularly notable in this dub is an abundance of ad-libbing. The U.S. dub was written by David T. Reilly and Visual Effects supervisor Scott Santoro.

Release
When the film was theatrically released in 1992, only 10,000 people attended cinemas to watch the film.

Home media
The film was released under its original German version by Warner Bros. in home media, in France and Germany. Specifically, Warner Home Video released the film in Germany on VHS and LaserDisc, and Warner Vision on DVD in France, in co-operation with the Jean-Paul Bretagnolle Group (which would previously release it on VHS), in November 1999.

In North America, the second English dubbed version came out on Hemdale Home Video on 3 December 1993. Image Entertainment and Faber International Films has carried over the Hemdale English dub onto the DVD release, which came out on 28 September 1999. In the Netherlands, this version was dubbed in Dutch and released on VCD and VHS in 1995 by CNR Film & Video, and on DVD by First Look. Its title is Pico en het geheim van de gouden tempel (English: Pico and the Secret of the Golden Temple). An Italian dub of it released by Alfadedis Entertainment, starring Tullio Solenghi as Columbus and Mino Caprio as Pico, was released on VHS.

Merchandise
A book titled Pico & Columbus, written by Anna Benthin, was released in 1991 by Loewe Bindlach, prior the film's release in Germany. It was re-released in 1993 by Habel.

References

External links

 The Magic Voyage at New York Times
 Die Abenteuer von Pico und Columbus at moviemeter.nl (Dutch)
 Die Abenteuer von Pico und Columbus at filmportal.de (German)
 Die Abenteuer von Pico und Columbus at csfd.cz (Slovakia)

1992 films
1992 animated films
German animated fantasy films
German children's films
1990s German-language films
German independent films
1990s children's fantasy films
Cultural depictions of Christopher Columbus
Films set in the 1490s
Fiction set in 1492
Age of Discovery films
Animated films set in Spain
Films set in Central America
Animated films set in New York City
1992 children's films
Films scored by Harald Kloser
1990s children's animated films
1990s German films
1990s German animated films
Animated films set in North America
Animated films set in the 15th century


The Ant and the Elephant is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Bill Peet and was adapted into a family musical for the stage.  Published by HMH Books for Young Readers in 1972, it is based on the Aesop Fable entitled The Dove and the Ant.

Plot
An ant is stranded on an island; since he can't swim, the ant asks a turtle for help. The turtle selfishly refuses (because he's already had his swim for the day); shortly thereafter, he falls on his back and can't right himself. So he asks a hornbill for help; she selfishly refuses ("This will teach you not to be so clumsy," she says), and then her egg falls out of its nest. It's too heavy for her to carry, so she asks a giraffe for help, but the giraffe is too proud to assist her. Then the giraffe's legs get hopelessly ensnarled in some vines; he asks a lion for help, but the lion just laughs and strolls on. Then a boulder rolls onto the lion's tail, trapping him. He asks a rhino for help, but when he can't think of any way to return the favor, the rhino strolls on...until he gets his horn embedded in a stump. Then an elephant notices and helps each of the animals in turn, starting with the ant - the only one who bothers to thank the elephant. Shortly after the elephant has assisted everyone, he himself falls into a ravine. When he can't get out, the elephant resigns himself to his plight. Then a horde of ants - led by the one he assisted previously - carry him from the ravine. He, in turn, gives them a ride home on his back.

Musical
The Ant and the Elephant was adapted into an on-stage family musical.  The play was adapted by the creators of The Musical Adventures of Flat Stanley.

Reception
Book
A review by Elephanteria Library Books About Elephants includes, "Good illustrations; look like pencil and/or pastel work. Lesson in helping and showing gratitude. Recommended for early readers and younger".
On Goodreads, it received a score of 4.13 (out of 5) based on 516 ratings and 43 reviews.
Musical
Texas A&M's MSC Opas said that the play has a catchy score by the Tony Award winning team of The Drowsy Chaperone.

References

1972 children's books
American children's books
American picture books
Children's fiction books
English-language books
Fictional ants
Children's books about birds
Children's books about elephants
Children's books about giraffes
Children's books about lions
Children's books about rhinoceroses
Children's books about turtles
Children's books about friendship
Children's books set on islands
Children's books set in jungles
Picture books by Bill Peet
Children's books about insects


Carl Langbehn (6 December 1901 – 12 October 1944) was a German lawyer and member of the resistance to Nazism.

He was born in Padang, Dutch East Indies. During the Weimar Republic, he was a member of the German People's Party. In 1933, he joined the Nazi Party, but during the 1930s he began to grow increasingly critical of the regime. He was an acquaintance of Heinrich Himmler as their daughters attended the same school.  By 1943, he was aware that Himmler was interested in the idea of negotiating peace behind Adolf Hitler's back. He introduced him to Johannes Popitz who suggested a coup d'état as the war was lost, but Himmler was not interested.

Langbehn was also a friend and adviser to Christabel Bielenberg and her husband Peter. In September 1943, he travelled to Switzerland and met with Allen Welsh Dulles of the Office of Strategic Services to determine the intention of the Allies and learnt that they wanted an unconditional surrender from Germany.

Upon his return, he was arrested by the Gestapo, tried by the People's Court, sentenced to death by Roland Freisler, and hanged at Plötzensee Prison.

Further reading
Klemens von Klemperer: German Resistance Against Hitler—The search For Allies Abroad, Clarendon press, Oxford, 1992, USA under Oxford University Press, .

Media portrayals
 Sam Kelly portrayed Langbehn in the 1988 four-part British television drama Christabel.

External links
dmh de Biography of Carl Langbehn

1901 births
1944 deaths
Executed conservatives in the German Resistance
Executed members of the 20 July plot
People from Padang
German People's Party politicians
Lawyers in the Nazi Party
Nazis executed by Nazi Germany by hanging
People executed by hanging at Plötzensee Prison
German expatriates in the Dutch East Indies


Deconica montana, commonly known as the mountain moss Psilocybe, is a common species of mushroom that usually grows in mossy and montane regions around the world. The appearance is that of a typical "little brown mushroom" with a small, brown cap and a straight, thin stipe.

Taxonomy

Psilocybe montana was formerly the type species of the mushroom genus Psilocybe.  Because it does not contain hallucinogenic tryptamine derivatives like psilocybin or psilocin, it does not stain blue when handled, unlike other typical hallucinogenic members of this genus. Molecular studies in the late 2000s revealed that the genus was polyphyletic and consisted of two distinct clades separating the blueing species from the non-blueing species. Dividing the genus is problematic as the name Psilocybe was attached to P. montana and consequently to the non-blueing clade, leaving the hallucinogenic species without a generic name. Because the name is widely associated with the hallucinogenic species and considering the potential legal ramifications of changing their generic name, a proposal was made to conserve the name Psilocybe with P. semilanceata as the type. This left Deconica available as a name for the non-blueing species. The proposal was unanimously accepted by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi in 2009.

Description

The cap is 0.5–1.5 cm in diameter, initially convex in shape but flattening in age, sometimes with a broad umbo. The cap is moist, glabrous, hygrophanous, and has radial striations to the center; the color is reddish-brown to dark-brown. The gills are adnate to broadly adnate or sometimes very shortly decurrent, and of the same color as the cap. The stipe is 1.5–4 cm long, 1–2 mm thick, smooth, the same color as the cap, and brittle. Spores are typically 7.5–10 × 6–8 × 5–5.5 μm and ovate–lentiform in shape with a thickened wall. A large spored variety (spore dimensions of 8.5–11 × 6.0–8.5 × 5.0–7.0 μm), Psilocybe montana var. macrospora Noordel. & Verduin (1999), has also been reported from the Netherlands. The spore print is dark greyish brown.

It is listed as inedible, being too small to be of interest.

Habitat

Deconica montana is saprobic, possibly also parasitic. It is often associated with mosses such as Brachythecium albicans, B. mutabulum, Campylopus introflexus, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Eurhynchium hians, E. praelongum, E. speciosum, Rhacomitrium canescens, Pohlia species or Polytrichum piliferum. It is commonly found in exposed situations such as dune-meadows, heaths and tree-less tundra, and open Pinus forests, usually on nutrient-poor, well-drained soil.

Distribution

The species has a worldwide, almost cosmopolitan distribution and has been reported from a variety of regions in a wide range of climates, including:
 Britain (Thetford Forest)
 California, United States
 the Caribbean
 China (western Kunlun Mountains)
 Colombia (high plains of Guasca)
 Greenland
 Mexico
 Nepal
 Norway
 in alpine tundra as well as subalpine regions in Switzerland
 in the region formerly known as the USSR
 in the Venezuelan Andes and
 in moss at high elevations in Idaho and Montana
 in Arctic tundra.

They have also been reported growing in Chemnitz, Germany, on vegetation-covered flat roofs.

References

Further reading
 Stamets P. (1996). Psilocybin mushrooms of the world. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, CA, USA. 245 pp. (p. 132)

External links
 Index Fungorum synonyms
 California Fungi
 BioImages Photos from various angles
 Mushroom Observer Photos of various D. montana sightings

Strophariaceae
Fungi of Asia
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of North America
Fungi of South America
Fungi of Colombia
Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Inedible fungi
Páramo fungi
Fungi described in 1871
Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon


Auchtermuchty railway station served the village of Auchtermuchty, in Fife, Scotland.

History
Opened by the Fife and Kinross Railway, it became part of the North British Railway in 1865, and so into the London and North Eastern Railway. The line then passed on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. The station was then closed by British Railways.

References

External links
Station on navigable O. S. map
 RAILSCOT on Fife and Kinross Railway

Disused railway stations in Fife
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1857
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1950
1857 establishments in Scotland
1950 disestablishments in Scotland
Auchtermuchty


The Commission on Social Welfare (CSW) was a commission in Ireland that from 1983 to 1986 reviewed social welfare in the country. Social security policy between 1987 and 1994 was heavily influenced by the findings of the CSW.

The final report of the Commission recommended raising social welfare payments. For social welfare payments to be adequate, they "must prevent poverty, and in our view poverty must be judged in the light of actual living standards," the report concluded.

Background

A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide a minimum level of income, service or other support for many marginalized groups such as the poor, elderly, and disabled people.  Social welfare programs are undertaken by governments as well as non-governmental organizations (NGO's). Social welfare payments and services are typically provided at the expense of taxpayers generally, funded by benefactors, or by compulsory enrollment of the poor themselves.

Establishment
In 1982 the National Social Services Board in its pre-budget submission called for the establishment of a commission to carry out a fundamental review of the social welfare system. A commitment to establish such a commission was part of the program of the Fine Gael/Labour coalition government that came into office in December 1982. The Commission on Social Welfare was established in 1983.

Commission report
The Commission's report was published in 1986. The reforms recommended were within the existing system rather than replacing the system and creating a new one. The four key reforms proposed by the Commission concerned the payment structure, social insurance, social assistance and financing.

The adequacy of payments was the most important issue the Commission considered.  By using a number of indicators, the Commission estimated that a minimally adequate income for a single person in 1985 was 50 to 60 pounds per week.

The Commission favored keeping the social insurance system. It recommended that all income earners should contribute to and benefit where appropriate from social insurance and favored a widening of coverage for insurance.

The Commission recommended that there should be a comprehensive social assistance scheme for those who, for whatever reason, do not qualify for social insurance. The main condition would be the establishment of an income.

On the grounds of redistribution the Commission concluded that the income ceiling on contributions should be gradually abolished.

References

1976 in Ireland
Political history of Ireland
Welfare in the Republic of Ireland
Social history of Ireland


Ralph Ward Stackpole (May 1, 1885 – December 10, 1973) was an American sculptor, painter, muralist, etcher and art educator, San Francisco's leading artist during the 1920s and 1930s. Stackpole was involved in the art and causes of social realism, especially during the Great Depression, when he was part of the Public Works of Art Project, Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration, and the Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture.  Stackpole was responsible for recommending that architect Timothy L. Pflueger bring Mexican muralist Diego Rivera to San Francisco to work on the San Francisco Stock Exchange and its attached office tower in 1930–31. His son Peter Stackpole became a well-known photojournalist.

Early career
Stackpole worked as a laborer early in life to support himself and his mother following the death of his father in a lumber mill circular saw accident. At sixteen, he came to San Francisco to study at the California School of Design (now San Francisco Art Institute) beginning in 1903; he was influenced strongly by Arthur Frank Mathews, muralist and painter at the school. He met painter Helen Arnstein (later Helen Salz) while both were teenagers, and she became his first girlfriend. Arnstein, the daughter of wealthy Jewish art lovers and one year Stackpole's senior, described him as "a remarkable draftsman" who painted and sketched constantly. She was less impressed with his sense of color than with his precision in line. Stackpole polished his craft by working with artists at the Montgomery Block, playfully called "Monkey Block", a bohemian hangout which included studios for painting and sculpture. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, he used a grant of 200 ($ in current value) to travel to France to attend the École des Beaux-Arts in the class of Antonin Mercié in 1906–1908, exhibiting at the Salon in 1910. It was in Paris that he became friends with painter Diego Rivera He painted under Robert Henri in New York in 1911.

San Francisco
Stackpole returned to San Francisco in 1912 and married Adele Barnes, two months younger than he, an art student of Xavier Martinez and one of the first graduates of the California Academy of Arts and Crafts. Adele Stackpole was a perfectionist in many ways, including the precision of her bookplate engravings and the demands she placed on her relationships. On June 15, 1913, the Stackpoles' son Peter was born in San Francisco.

Stackpole was part of the foursome that founded, early in 1913, the California Society of Etchers (CSE). The other founders were Robert B. Harshe, an etcher and art professor at Stanford University, etcher and educator Pedro Lemos, who taught at the San Francisco Institute of Art, and Gottardo Piazzoni, an Italian-American painter and muralist who was Stackpole's master in France. The CSE exhibited twice in 1913, and grew to 78 artist members and five associate after two years. In 1926, the annual publication listed 46 artist members and 156 associate members: Stackpole was still a member. Decades later, the CSE merged with another group to become the California Society of Printmakers.

Panama-Pacific International Exposition

Around the same time, Stackpole was commissioned to sculpt architectural features for the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, a major assignment that was to take two years to complete, even with the aid of assistants. To give a grand entrance portal to the Palace of Varied Industries, he completed a copy of the main entrance to the Hospice of Santa Cruz, built in Toledo, Spain in the 16th century. Stackpole's design replaced the original figures of Catholic saints with figures of industry. His works for the Palace of Varied Industries included "Man with a pick", "Tympanum group of Varied Industries", "New World Receiving Burdens of Old", "Keystone figure", and "Power of Industry". Stackpole also sculpted figures of "Thought" on the columns flanking the half domes of the west facade of the Palace Group. At the Palace of Fine Arts, Stackpole produced a kneeling "Venus" on the Altar of Inspiration. Visitors wishing to view "Venus" were kept some  away by a man-made lagoon.

Modern trends
With Piazzoni, Stackpole went to France again in 1922, taking his family; he enrolled his nine-year-old son in the École Alsacienne, a private school in Paris. The two artists wished to investigate the most modern trends in Europe, and they encountered Diego Rivera. While there, Stackpole's marriage unraveled, and he returned to the Bay Area in 1923 with a 24-year-old French still life artist and model named Francine Mazen, nicknamed "Ginette"; his wife and son returned after the school year to take up residence across the bay in Oakland. Stackpole obtained a divorce, and then married Ginette in Mexico.

In late 1923, Stackpole organized a major art exhibit, in partnership with Piazzoni. This was the first large-scale art show in San Francisco since 1915; there had been no expected rush of artists after the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. The exhibit, held in Polk Hall in the Civic Auditorium, was companion to a nearby print exhibit which included Gauguin and Matisse works. Critic and author Laura Bride Powers felt that the event was a disappointment—it displayed "inconspicuous examples" of leading artists, and failed to show any Picasso, avant-garde or Dadaist works.

In 1926, Stackpole delivered the William A. Coleman Fountain to the city of Sacramento, a Moderne work (centrally located in what is now known as Cesar Chavez Park) which celebrated the city's completion of a difficult water filtration project. That same year, Stackpole traveled to Mexico City to see Rivera working on some of his 124 frescoes in the courtyard of the Secretariat of Public Education. Returning with a small Rivera painting, Stackpole gave it to San Francisco Arts Commission president William Gerstle (who was initially unimpressed), and began a several-year effort to bring Rivera to work in California.

Stackpole accepted an offer to teach at his former school, its name having changed to the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA) [now San Francisco Art Institute]. For a stretch of almost twenty years, he taught a number of subjects. Dorr Bothwell studied sculpture under Stackpole, then the head of the Sculpture Department, and thought him to be sexist—she said he told the women in the class that "the place they really belonged was in bed."

Kenneth Rexroth wrote of Stackpole in 1929 that "He knew everybody in town from top to bottom ... and he took us everywhere." Stackpole's sizable San Francisco studio at 716 Montgomery (adjacent to Montgomery Block) served as a social center for San Francisco's artist community. Photographer Dorothea Lange rented upstairs studio space there in 1926, and Helen Clark and Otis Oldfield, both artists, married there the same year. Lange's husband Maynard Dixon had his studio next door, and the Stackpole and Dixon families were close—both men were members of the Bohemian Club.

Throughout the 1930s, Stackpole worked frequently with architect Timothy Pflueger on various commissions. Beginning in 1929 when the two men first met, Stackpole was given responsibility for selecting the artists who worked to execute and augment Pflueger's basic design scheme for the San Francisco Stock Exchange and its associated Tower, especially the Luncheon Club occupying the top floors of the Tower. Stackpole said later of the experience, "the artists were in from the first. They were called in conference and assumed responsibility and personal pride in the building." At the Sansome Street tower entrance, Stackpole worked on a scaffolding with a crew of assistants to direct carve heroic figures in stone. After the building was completed, Stackpole was finally successful in winning a commission for Rivera; Pflueger became convinced that Rivera would be the perfect muralist for decorating the staircase wall and ceiling of the Stock Exchange Club. This was a controversial selection considering Rivera's leftist political beliefs in contradiction to the Stock Exchange's capitalist foundation. Into the mural, Rivera painted a figure of Stackpole's son Peter holding a model airplane.

During his stay, Rivera and his wife Frida Kahlo lived and worked at the studio, becoming in the process lifelong friends with Stackpole and Ginette. They met tennis champion Helen Wills Moody, an avid painter-hobbyist, who soon agreed to model for Rivera at the studio. Neighbor Dixon saw the attention, and the American money being given to Rivera, and with etcher Frank Van Sloun organized a short-lived protest against the Communist artist. However, both Dixon and Van Sloun quickly realized that the San Francisco art world "oligarchy" who were obviously smitten with Rivera, including Stackpole's well-connected patrons, were the same group that they themselves would need to support their own art aspirations.

For much of 1931, Stackpole partnered with other artists to decorate Pflueger's Paramount Theatre in Oakland, an Art Deco masterpiece. A bas-relief scene of horses, waves and a central winged figure was placed over the stage's proscenium arch, finished in gold-toned metal leaf—the work jointly designed by Stackpole and Robert Boardman Howard. The design worked into Pflueger's metal grille ceiling grid likely came unattributed from Stackpole's sketches. Pflueger was an able project leader; Stackpole later described his involvement: "He was the boss alright, as an architect should be ... He would call the plays just as a symphony conductor does ... There wasn't a lock, molding, or window that he did not inspect in the drawings and in the actual building with the utmost thoroughness and care."

Stackpole worked through ten months of 1932 on a monumental pair of sculptures flanking the grand entrance of the Stock Exchange: a male and a female grouping showing the polarity of agriculture and industry, showing in their rounded human shapes the influence of Rivera. Chiseling into  of Yosemite granite, he wore goggles and a mask. The unveiling ceremony took place in the cold of New Year's Eve, with Mayor Angelo Rossi joining Stackpole, Pflueger and artisans in smocks.

Stackpole took his son Peter to visit their photographer friend Edward Weston in Carmel in the early 1930s, and the two older men spent the day discussing photography, "the difference between making and taking a photograph, between the intended and the random". This conversation, and the 1932 exhibit by Group f/64, a collection of innovative photographers such as Weston and Ansel Adams, was later seen as foundational to Peter Stackpole's conception of photography.

In July 1933, Stackpole completed a model of a design to be incorporated into the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge's central anchorage on the western side. The anchorage, to be constructed of concrete rising  above the water, was to display over much of its height a bare-chested male figure standing solidly between the two suspension spans. However, Arthur Brown, Jr., Pflueger's colleague on the Bay Bridge project, did not like the scale of the figure, which belittled the bridge. Engineer Ralph Modjeski agreed, writing "The gigantic figure which is proposed for the centre anchorage is out of place for a structure of this kind and would not harmonize with the end anchorage." Stackpole's design was abandoned in favor of a largely flat expanse of poured concrete.

In 1933 and 1934, Stackpole took part in the Public Works of Art Project assignment to paint murals for Coit Tower. Many of the murals were executed in styles reminiscent of Rivera, and Stackpole himself was portrayed in five of them; in one he is shown reading a newspaper announcing the destruction of a Rivera mural in New York.

In 1937, Stackpole received a commission to sculpt his interpretation of Colorado River explorer John Wesley Powell, for display in the Main Interior Building of the U.S. Department of Interior. It was to be a companion piece to Heinz Warneke's portrayal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Warneke learned that Stackpole intended a water scene, so he changed his portrayal of Lewis and Clark to be one of them on land. Stackpole and Warneke delivered their stone reliefs in 1940, and the two panels were mounted on either side of the stage of the building's auditorium.  Another work of Stockpole's, "Dispossessed," one of his most notable canvases and a painting of great power and (unfortunately but apparently) permanent relevance, is also in Washington, D.C., at the Smithsonian.

A notable feature of Stackpole's work in the 30s and after is his West Coast integration of elements from the artistic traditions of Mexico, Native America, the Pacific Islands, and Asia.

"Reverence"

In 1938, Stackpole was contacted by the President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.  While visiting the 1915 fair, in San Francisco, as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, FDR had seen Stackpole's figure of Reverence, also known as Worship, on the long-gone altar at the Palace of Fine Arts.  It had stuck in his mind somehow.  He wanted one.  Stackpole responded that the original had deteriorated, and was lost, but that he would be happy to undertake another version in travertine as a commission.  FDR agreed, with regular inquiries on the progress of the piece over the next five years.  In April 1943, Stackpole explained the result about to be revealed:

The changes of 28 years, in the world, in you, and in me, made the exact copying or reproduction of the first statue unattractive... So I did the job as I would do it now... here are a few things I thought of when I was working. Big mass movements in thinking and labor naturally reflect in art. The slender and graceful belong less to us now. I’ve tried to make heavy and strong forms. She is more bent and the burden heavier.

This was not what the President had remembered or wanted.  He ordered it to a secluded area of Hyde Park, where it was re-discovered in 1987, identified, then concealed all over again within a new ring of trees according to FDR's wishes.

Golden Gate International Exposition

Pflueger made certain that Stackpole was given a major commission for art in preparation for the Golden Gate International Exposition, also called the Pacific Pageant, a world's fair to be held on Treasure Island between San Francisco and Oakland. Stackpole worked to create an  tall frame-and-stucco embodiment of Pacifica, the theme of the exposition. By November 1938, when Life photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt was capturing images to promote the event, Pacifica was ready for his camera. The magazine carried the image of this, Stackpole's most monumental work, "a peaceful, contemplative, almost prayer-like female figure" intended only for temporary placement. The heroic sculpture stood in front of a  tall "prayer curtain" of regular star-shaped steel bangles that rippled in the wind. Vivid orange and blue lights washed the curtain at night, while Pacifica, the image of Peace, was brilliant in white. Over two years, 16 million visitors came to the exposition. When it was over, Stackpole proposed that the sculpture be recast in a more permanent form—steel, stone or concrete—and positioned prominently on an island in the San Francisco Bay, perhaps Alcatraz or Angel Island, in a manner similar to the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor.The plan was not seriously considered by civic leaders whose attention was on the gathering war clouds in Asia and Europe. The sculpture and most of the exposition buildings were dynamited in 1942, and the U.S. Navy took ownership of the island as a base in World War II.

Later life

In the early 1940s, Stackpole left the CSFA to teach privately. In April 1945, he led a sculpting class at the California Labor School, a leftist organization advocating equal rights for workers.  From 1941 to 1945, he served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, the first commission member from the West Coast.

In 1949, Stackpole moved to Chauriat in the Puy-de-Dôme area of central France, returning with his second wife Ginette to her birthplace. There, his art became less figurative and more abstract, both in sculpture and in painting. He kept a flow of correspondence with his old friends in San Francisco, including Helen Salz, who described his letters as devoid of any mention of sculpture or painting, or any project that Stackpole might have been working on—instead, he wrote of musicians and music, and of his encounters with people. Salz bought a Stackpole bust of poet George Sterling and donated it to the University of California in 1955–56, to be displayed in Dwinelle Hall. In early 1964, Stackpole visited San Francisco to see his family, and he called up his old friend Kenneth Rexroth. In his San Francisco Examiner newspaper column, Rexroth wrote of having lunch with the Stackpole family, and reminded his readers that the man had been known "for 20 years or more [as] San Francisco's leading artist."

Stackpole died in France in 1973, his wife in 1978.

Some of Stackpole's sculptures, paintings and drawings were destroyed in the Oakland firestorm of 1991, a blaze which leveled the home of Peter Stackpole. Floyd Winter, a neighbor, helped rescue a very few items "moments before the conflagration consumed the house".

Selected works
1915—Venus, Altar of Inspiration, Palace of Fine Arts
 1927-William Coleman Memorial Fountain, Sacramento, California
1928–1932—figures carved in Yosemite granite at the San Francisco Stock Exchange (301 Pine) and Tower (155 Sansome) including Bountiful Earth (also known as Mother Earth and Agriculture) and Industry (1931) (also known as Man and His Invention)
1930—the proscenium ceiling panel at Oakland's Paramount Theatre
1934—mural at Coit Tower: Industries of California (left and right halves)
1938–1939—figures at the Golden Gate International Exposition including the heroic embodiment of the Exposition, the  tall frame-and-stucco figure of Pacifica

See also

Beniamino Bufano
Frederick E. Olmsted

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links
Image from The Jewel City: Stackpole sculpture over the portal of the demolished building "Palace of Varied Industries" (1915)
Eugen Neuhaus. The Art of the Exposition —list of art works at the Golden Gate International Exposition (1939)
National Museum of Murals and Mosaics. Presenting: Diego Rivera's The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City —image of Ralph Stackpole painted by Diego Rivera (1931)

1885 births
1973 deaths
American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
American muralists
Sculptors from Oregon
Modern sculptors
Painters from California
People from Josephine County, Oregon
Federal Art Project artists
San Francisco Art Institute alumni
San Francisco Art Institute faculty
Social realist artists
Section of Painting and Sculpture artists
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Public Works of Art Project artists
Sculptors from California


The 2002 Indoor Cricket World Cup was an Indoor Cricket tournament that took place in Wellington, New Zealand from 30 September to 6 October 2002 involving both a men's and a women's division. There were a total of 17 matches played in the men's division and 14 matches played in the women's division.

In the men's division a round robin tournament was played with each team playing the other once in order to rank the sides. All five teams then competed in the finals, with Australia eventually defeating New Zealand in the final itself. This win represented their 4th World Cup title in succession and was despite losing their first ever World Cup game to New Zealand in the major semi final.

The women's division also featured a round robin tournament, though each of the four sides played each other twice. At the conclusion of the round robin games, the highest ranked side (in this case, Australia) progressed through to the final leaving 2nd and 3rd place (New Zealand and Sri Lanka) to contest the semi-final. Australia defeated New Zealand in the final, claiming their 3rd World Cup title in succession.

The event was marred by the late withdrawal of South Africa from both divisions, a decision that would have significant repercussions for the South African national body.

Host Selection
The World Cup was awarded to New Zealand by the WICF at the conclusion of the previous World Cup. This was the first time the event had been held in New Zealand.

Venue
New Zealand Indoor Sports opted to stage the event at the Wellington Indoor Sports arena in Wellington.

Participants
Men's Division
  Australia
  England
  India
  New Zealand
  Sri Lanka

Women's Division
  Australia
  New Zealand
  Sri Lanka
  India

See also
 Indoor Cricket World Cup

Indoor Cricket World Cup
Indoor Cricket World Cup
2002–03 New Zealand cricket season


Hans-Peter Feldmann (17 January 1941 – 24 May 2023) was a German visual artist. Feldmann's approach to art-making was one of collecting, ordering, and re-presenting.

Biography
Feldmann was born on 17 January 1941. In the 1960s, Feldmann studied painting at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz in Austria. He began working in 1968, producing the first of the small handmade books that would become a signature part of his work. These modest books, simply entitled Bilde (Picture) or Bilder (Pictures), would include one or more reproductions from a certain type—knees of women, shoes, chairs, film stars, etc.--their subjects isolated in their ubiquity and presented without captions. In 1979 Feldmann decided to pull out of the art world and just make books and pictures for himself. In 1989 the curator Kasper König persuaded Feldmann to exhibit in a gallery again.

Feldmann died on 24 May 2023, at the age of 82.

Work
Feldmann was a figure in the conceptual art movement and practitioner in the artist book and multiple formats. Feldmann's approach to art-making was one of collecting, ordering, and re-presenting amateur snapshots, print photographic reproductions, toys, and trivial works of art. Feldmann reproduced and recontextualized our reading of them in books, postcards, posters or multiples.

Feldmann made his first series of books between 1968 and 1971. His works from the early 1970s include 70 snapshots depicting All the Clothes of a Woman and four Time Series projects including, for example, a row of 36 pictures of a ship moving along a river. Feldmann's series Photographs Taken From Hotel Room Windows While Traveling clusters 108 nondescript, unframed snapshots of buildings, streets, and parking lots (like other Feldmann projects, this calls to mind Ed Ruscha's photographic catalogs). 11 Left Shoes presents 11 shoes borrowed from "303 Gallery"  employees, in a row on the floor. Que Sera has the words of the song of that title handwritten on the wall. Bed With Photograph simulates part of a hotel room with a slept-in bed, a side table, and a framed photograph of a woman in leopard-print pants.

Feldmann's photographic essays might have a more intimate singularity in book form. His book Secret Picturebook (1973) is a thick, densely printed, scholarly tome with little pictures of women's torsos in sexy underwear inserted at intervals. It most pointedly embodies the artist's mischievous relationship to high culture. Another book, “1967-1993 Die Toten” reproduces images from newspapers of all of the lives lost due to the violence and terrorism that permeated that period of contemporary German history.

Creating carefully conceived installations from everyday images is what Feldmann is best known for. In 2004–2005 MoMA P.S. 1 showed “100 Years,” an exhibition of work by Feldmann composed of 101 photographic portraits of people ages 8 months to 100 years. And at the International Center of Photography in 2008 he filled a room with the framed front pages of 100 newspapers — from New York, Paris, Dubai, Sydney, Seoul and elsewhere — printed on 12 September 2001.

Recognition
Feldmann was named winner of the eighth Biennal Hugo Boss Prize in 2010. This prize included an exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, in May 2011.

Collections
Feldmann's work features in prominent private and public collections, such as that of the Fotomuseum Winterthur and the MACBA in Barcelona. In 2012, the artist donated one of his key works, Die Toten (The Dead), to the Berlin State Museums in Berlin.

Art market
Feldmann was represented by Mehdi Chouakri Gallery in Berlin, Simon Lee Gallery in London, Galerie Francesca Pia in Zürich, Galerie Martine Aboucaya in Paris, and the 303 Gallery in New York. He did not limit the number of editions of his works, nor did he sign them.

Exhibitions
1972 – Billeder af Feldmann (Bilder von Feldmann), Daner Galleriet, Copenhagen, Denmark
1977 – Eine Stadt: Essen, Museum Folkwang Essen
1990 – Hans-Peter Feldmann, das Museum im Kopf, Portikus, Frankfurt; Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf
1999 – Hans-Peter Feldmann: Bücher, Neues Museum Weserburg Bremen
2001 – Hans-Peter Feldmann, 100 Jahre, Museum Folkwang Essen 2001
2001 – Hans-Peter Feldmann 272 pages, Fundacio Antoni Tàpies Barcelona
2002 – Hans-Peter Feldman 272 pages, Centre nationale de la photographie Paris, Fotomuseum Winterthur
2006 – Hans-Peter Feldmann in der Antikensammlung der Kunsthalle zu Kiel, Kunsthalle Kiel der Christian Albrechts-Universität, Schleswig-Holsteinischer Kunstverein Kiel
2007 – Hans-Peter Feldmann, Museum am Ostwall in Dortmund, Die Toten, RAF bis heute
2007 – Hans-Peter Feldmann, Skulptur Projekte Münster 2007, Sanierung, bzw. Neugestaltung der Toilettenanlagen am Domplatz
2010 – Hans-Peter Feldmann, Malmö Konsthall, Malmö, Sweden
2010 – An Art Exhibition, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía MNCARS, Madrid, Spain
2010 – Hans-Peter Feldmann, Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich, Germany
2010 – Les Rencontres d'Arles, France.
2010 – Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf.
2012 – Hans-Peter Feldmann, Serpentine Galleries, London.

Survey exhibitions
1972 – documenta 5, Kassel/Germany
1975 – Biennale de la Jeunesse, Paris/France
1977 – documenta 6, Kassel/Germany
2003 – Biennale di Venezia/Italy
2009 – Biennale di Venezia/Italy
2010 – Museum für Moderne Kunst (MMK), Frankfurt/Germany
2010 – Ruhrblicke, Zeche Zollverein, Essen/Germany
2010 – Dublin Contemporary

Publications (selected)
 Eine Stadt. Essen. Ausst.-Kat. Museum Folkwang, Essen 1977
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Telefonbuch. AQ-Verlag, Dudweiler 1980.
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Das Museum im Kopf. Ausst.-Kat. Frankfurt, Düsseldorf. Walther König, Köln 1989.
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Eine Firma, Siemens. München 1991
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Arbeiten. Kunstverein Heinsberg 1991
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Kunstgeschichten. Paris 1992
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Portrait. Schirmer/Mosel München 1994
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Ferien, Secession. Wien 1994
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Voyeur 1.Aufl. La Fleche 1994
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Voyeur 2.Aufl. König, Köln 1997
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Ein Energieunternehmen, EVN. Maria Enzersdorf 1997
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Die Toten. Düsseldorf  1998
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Bücher. Ausst.-Kat. Neues Museum Weserburg Bremen 1999 (Serie Sammlung der Künstlerbücher Bd. 23).
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Alle Kleider einer Frau. Düsseldorf - Toronto 1999
 Hans-Peter Feldmann, C. Konrad: Die Johanneskirche in Düsseldorf. 1999
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Graz. Camera Austria 2000
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Profil ohne Worte. 2 Magazine 2000
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: 100 Jahre. Anlässlich der Ausstellung im Museum Folkwang Essen. Schirmer/Mosel, München 2001.
 Celine Duval, Hans-Peter Feldmann: cahier d’images. 7 Magazine 2001
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Bilder / Pictures. 2002
 Helena Tatay: Hans-Peter Feldmann 272 pages, Ausst.-Kat. Centre nationale de la photographie Paris u.a.  (Englisch-Deutsch)
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Vistas desde habitaciones de hotel. Barcelona 2003
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: 1941. Düsseldorf  2003
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Babel ‘About Beauty’. Berlin 2004
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Das kleine Mövenbuch. Walther König, Köln 2004
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Abstrakte Kunst. Salon Verlag 2004
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Frauen im Gefängnis. Walther König, Köln 2005
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Paris. Salon Verlag 2005
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Liebe/Love. Walther König, Köln 2006
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Die beunruhigenden Musen. Hans-Peter Feldmann in der Antikensammlung der Kunsthalle zu Kiel. Ausst.-Kat. Kunsthalle Kiel, Schleswig-Holsteinischer Kunstverein, Kiel. Walther König, Köln 2006.
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Birgit. Contemporary Art Gallery, Vancouver 2006
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Blau. Walther König, Köln 2006
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Zeitungsphotos. Walther König, Köln 2006
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Foto. Galerie Langhans, Praha 2006
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Voyeur 3.Aufl.. König, Köln 2006
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Buch / Book # 9. Sprengel Museum Hannover 2007
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Smoke. Walther König, Köln 2007
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Album. Walther König, Köln 2008
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Voyeur 4.Auflage. Walther König, Köln 2009
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: Interview zusammen mit Hans Ulrich Obrist. Walther König, Köln 2009
 Hans-Peter Feldmann: "FRAUEN". MÖREL Books, London 2020

References

External links
Hans-Peter Feldmann information at 303 Gallery

Kurzbiographie Biography
Skulptur-projekte
Simon Lee Gallery, London Selected Works, Simon Lee Gallery
Hans-Peter Feldmann 2012 exhibition at the Serpentine Galleries

1941 births
2023 deaths
German contemporary artists
Artists from Düsseldorf


Kultur Video is a film company that specializes in the distribution and production of performing arts, history, literature, theater, and other genres on DVD, Blu-ray, and Streaming Video.  The company has issued famous television programs by such artists as Leonard Bernstein, Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, Rudolf Nureyev, Margot Fonteyn, and Mikhail Baryshnikov.

Among their releases are Baryshnikov's production of The Nutcracker, Leonard Bernstein's Young People's Concerts, Mathew Bourne's Swan Lake, Hal Holbrook's Mark Twain Tonight, La Boheme featuring Luciano Pavarotti, The Life & Times of Nelson Mandela, the Birmingham Royal Ballet production of Cinderella, and The Best of Riverdance.

Kultur Video has also been responsible for the Broadway Theatre Archive, a large selection on DVD of telecasts ranging from 1959 to 1990 of classic and modern plays, shown mostly on PBS.

The company distributes some of the most premiere names in opera and ballet including Warner Classics, Arthaus Music, ITV, The Australian Broadcasting Company, & many more. It has been operating for over 30 years.

The company was founded by Dennis Hedlund who currently serves as its chairman.  Kultur is distributed by Bayview Entertainment.

See also
 New Year's Eve Concert 1992: Richard Strauss Gala

References

External links
http://www.kultur.com
http://www.kulturfilms.com
http://www.kulturvideo.com
http://www.bayviewentertainment.com

Film production companies of the United States


The Morane-Saulnier AR was a trainer aircraft produced in France during and after the First World War.

Design and development
Developed from the Morane-Saulnier LA reconnaissance aircraft, the AR was a wire-braced parasol-wing monoplane of conventional design with two open cockpits in tandem and cross-axle-style tailskid undercarriage. Construction was mostly of fabric-covered wood, but the forward fuselage was skinned in metal.

Large-scale production commenced after the Armistice, with the type now designated MS.35, in a number of subtypes differentiated principally in the engine used. Although Morane-Saulnier hoped to sell the type on the civil market as a touring machine, most of the 400 examples built saw service with the French Army, but others were used by the Navy and still others exported to foreign air arms. The MS.35s were used in France until 1929, when some of them were purchased by the country's flying clubs.

Variants
 Type AR
 MS.35R - main production version with Le Rhône 9C engine
 MS.35A - version with Anzani engine
 MS.35C - version with Clerget 9C engine

Operators

 Aéronautique Militaire
 Écoles de pilotage
 Aéronautique Navale

 Argentine Air Force

Belgian Air Force

 Bolivian Air Force

 Brazilian Air Force

 Hellenic Air Force

 Guatemalan Air Force

 Paraguayan Air Force

 (70 examples)

 Royal Romanian Air Force

 Soviet Air Force - (60 examples)

 Swiss Air Force

 Turkish Air Force

 United States Navy

 Uruguayan Air Force

Specifications (MS.35R)

Notes

References

Further reading

AR
1910s French military trainer aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
Rotary-engined aircraft


In aviation, an inline engine is a reciprocating engine with banks of cylinders, one behind another, rather than rows of cylinders, with each bank having any number of cylinders, although more than six is uncommon. The major reciprocating-engine alternative configuration is the radial engine, where the cylinders are placed in a circular or "star" arrangement.

The term "inline" is used somewhat differently for aircraft engines than automotive engines. For automotive engines, the term ‘inline’ refers only to straight engines (those with a single bank of cylinders). But for aircraft, ‘inline’ can also refer to engines which are not of the straight configuration, such as V, H, or horizontally opposed.

Inline engine configurations
Straight Engines with a single bank of cylinders which can be arranged at any angle but typically upright or inverted, (e.g. upright ADC Cirrus, inverted de Havilland Gipsy Major).

VEngines with two banks of cylinders with less than 180° between them driving a common crankshaft, typically arranged upright or inverted (e.g. upright Liberty L-12, inverted Argus As 410).

O or Horizontally Opposed Engines with two banks of cylinders arranged at 180° to each other driving a common crankshaft, almost universally mounted with banks horizontal for aircraft use, or with crankshaft vertical for helicopter use, (e.g. horizontally mounted Continental O-190, vertically mounted Franklin 6ACV-245).

WEngines with three banks driving a common crankshaft, arranged so that first and last banks are 180°or less apart, (e.g. upright Lorraine 12Eb, inverted Napier Lioness).
X Multiple bank engines with four banks arranged around a common crankshaft, usually spaced evenly, (e.g. evenly spaced Rolls-Royce Vulture, unevenly spaced Napier Cub).

Fan Engines with more than three banks with 180° or less between first and last bank, akin to W engines.
Note: Fan engines with single cylinder banks, typically from Anzani, are usually regarded as variants of the Radial engine.

UEngines with two banks of cylinders side by side driving separate crankshafts geared to a single output, (e.g. Bugatti U-16).

HEngines with four banks of cylinders driving two crankshafts geared to a single output, in effect, two Opposed engines coupled together and mounted either horizontally or vertically, (e.g. horizontally Napier Sabre, vertically Napier Dagger).

Opposed pistonTwo-stroke engines, typically compression ignition/Diesel, with a single bank of cylinders driving two crankshafts where the pistons travel towards each other forming single combustion chambers, (e.g. Jumo 207).

Deltic: Engines with three banks of opposed piston cylinders arranged in a triangle with three crankshafts geared to drive a single output,(e.g. Napier Deltic)

Rhomboidal: Engines with four or more banks of opposed piston cylinders arranged in a square with four crankshafts geared to drive a single output,(e.g. Jumo 223)
Note: There is no theoretical limit to the number banks in an opposed piston engine, limitations include cost, complexity and reliability.

Multiple bankEngines with more than two banks, arranged around a common axis and/or crankshaft with more than 180° between first and last banks.

Star: Multiple bank engines with an even number of banks (more than four) arranged around a common axis and/or driving a common crankshaft with more than 180° between first and last banks, (e.g. Jumo 222, Dobrynin VD-4K).

Inline Radial: Multiple bank engines, usually liquid-cooled, with an odd number of banks (three or more) arranged around a common axis and/or driving a common crankshaft with more than 180° between first and last banks, (e.g. air-cooled Armstrong Siddeley Deerhound, liquid-cooled BMW 803).
Note The BMW 803 is not only an inline radial engine but is also a coupled engine with two engines arranged back to back on a common axis driving separate co-axial propellers through a common gearbox.

Inverted engine

An upright engine has the cylinder heads directly above the crankshaft. By contrast an inverted engine has the cylinder heads directly beneath it. In the inverted V layout, the cylinders angle downwards instead of upwards.

For an aero engine, advantages of the inverted layout include improved access to cylinder heads and manifolds for the ground crew, having the centre of mass of a multi-bank engine lower in the engine and, for engines mounted in the nose, improved visibility for the pilot and placing the widest part of a multi-bank engine closer to the midline of the fuselage, which is typically its widest point.

The Hirth HM 60 four-cylinder inverted inline engine was introduced in 1924, and inverted designs saw increasing popularity through the late 1920s and 30s. Widespread examples included the inline de Havilland Gipsy Major used in the de Havilland Tiger Moth, and the inverted-V Daimler-Benz DB 601 used in the Messerschmitt Bf 109.

References
Citations

Bibliography

Piston engine configurations
Aircraft piston engines


P.S. 6, The Lillie Devereaux Blake School, is a public elementary school located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1894, P.S. 6 is regarded as the top elementary school in New York City.

Overview
P.S. 6 has about 800 students in grades K-5. Average class sizes are 23-28. The school is popular with families on the Upper East Side who often choose to send their children there rather than to private school. The school's former Principal, Carmen Fariña, claimed that the acceptance rate for out of district students was 1/7, lower than that of many top-tier Universities.

History
P.S. 6 was founded in 1894 and named after the feminist author and reformer Lillie Devereaux Blake. The school was originally located several blocks to the north on 85th Street. The current red brick building on Madison Avenue between 81st and 82nd Streets was constructed in 1953.

The school's first principal Katherine Blake, the daughter of the school's namesake, served in that capacity for 34 years and demanded that the pacifist hymn I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier be sung at every assembly.

Academics
P.S. 6 is a Teacher's College "Mentor School." It offers a particularly strong writing program based on the principles of Lucy Calkins. Students are expected to write plays, poetry, essays and short fiction by the time they graduate. The school also places a special emphasis on Art education. Its location, two blocks from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, allows the students particularly good access to view the works of famous artists. P.S. 6 was also the recipient of a grant from the Annenberg Foundation to help fund art projects in the school.

Special events
Peter Yarrow has played a special benefit concert in the school's auditorium for many years to raise money for the school.

In popular culture
The school is featured in the 1979 film Kramer vs. Kramer, which won five Academy Awards.

Notable alumni

Richard Avedon, Photographer
Phoebe Cates, Actress
Chevy Chase, Actor
Peter Cincotti, Jazz Singer/Songwriter
Miguel Condé, Artist
Damon Dash, Hip Hop Mogul
Jose Feliciano, Guitarist
William Hurt, Actor
Robert Iler, Actor
Jonathan Katz, Actor/Comedian
Lenny Kravitz, Musician
Michael Kurland, Author
Lorna Luft, Actress, Singer, Daughter of Judy Garland
Erin Moriarty, Actress
Tony Roberts (actor), Actor
J.D. Salinger, Author of The Catcher in the Rye
Andrew Schulz, Comedian
Tschabalala Self, Artist
Herbert Solow (journalist), Writer, Editor of Fortune magazine
Mark Sourian Film Producer
Andrew Stein, Former President NYC Council, Former Manhattan Borough President
Robert F. Wagner Jr., Mayor of New York and Ambassador to Spain
David L. Wolper, Producer
Peter Yarrow, Singer

References

External links

 Official P.S. 6 Website

Public elementary schools in Manhattan
Educational institutions established in 1894
1894 establishments in New York (state)


Atelopus petersi is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Ecuador and is known from the Cordillera Oriental in the Napo Province and more provisionally, in the Chimborazo Province. The specific name petersi honors James A. Peters, an American zoologist who collected the first specimens of this species in 1962 and provided a description under the name Atelopus pachydermus. Common names Peters' stubfoot toad and Peters' jambato toad have been coined for it.

Description
Adult males measure  and adult females are  in snout–vent length. The snout is acuminate. The tympanic membrane, annulus, and stapes are absent. The fingers have lateral fringes but no webbing whereas the toes are webbed. The dorsum has a yellow to orange pattern on black background, and may be almost entirely black. Warts and pustules may have white tops. The flanks are white. The venter is white and may have black marks, or is uniform orange to reddish orange.

Habitat and conservation
Atelopus petersi occurs in montane cloud forests and high montane evergreen forests at elevations of  above sea level. Individuals have been found under rocks at the edge of a stream, in a streambed by day, under logs on a grassy hillside, on a cushion plant in paramo, on a trail, and along the border of a river.

Atelopus petersi was extremely common near Papallacta at the time Peters observed them. The Last confirmed record of the species is from 1996 and is based on a dead animal. However, local people in Oyacachi claimed in 2003 to see single specimens from time to time. It is feared that the species might now be extinct. The precise reasons for this dramatic decline are not known, but climate abnormalities and chytridiomycosis are possible factors.

References

petersi
Amphibians of the Andes
Amphibians of Ecuador
Endemic fauna of Ecuador
Taxa named by William Edward Duellman
Taxa named by Luis Aurelio Coloma
Amphibians described in 2007


Ricardo López Méndez (7 February 1903 – 28 December 1989)
was a Mexican poet and song lyricist. He was born in Izamal, Yucatán. He became director of the Public Library and an advisor to Felipe Carrillo Puerto,  governor of Yucatán from 1922 to 1924. In 1927 he moved to Mexico City as a representative of the government of Yucatán. He was a founder of the radio station XEW (and others across Mexico) and a pioneer of the use of radio to access rural populations. He also became vice president of the Society of Authors and Composers (SACM).

In 2004 his collected poetry and journalism were published as Poesía y Pensamiento. His poem El Credo Mexicano (Mexican Creed) is a popular patriotic declaration of faith in the country. He also penned the lyrics to the popular song "Amor, Amor, Amor".

One of his radio stations still bears his initials as its callsign, XHRLM-FM in Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas.

References

1903 births
1989 deaths
Writers from Yucatán (state)
Mexican male poets
Mexican male songwriters
Male songwriters
20th-century Mexican poets
20th-century Mexican male writers
20th-century male musicians


William Jeffrey Thomas (born August 7, 1949) is a former professional American football running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Houston Oilers and Kansas City Chiefs.  He was drafted by the Cowboys in the first round of the 1972 NFL Draft. He played college football at Boston College.

Early years
Thomas attended Peekskill High School, before accepting a football scholarship from Boston College. In April 1970, he dislocated his left shoulder playing basketball, so he had to wear a harness during the football season, until he was forced to have surgery and miss one game. In 1971, he helped the school achieve their best record (9-2) in a season since 1954, while posting 119 carries for 598 yards and 2 touchdowns.

His versatility running and blocking was valued by the team, so he spent his playing time between the halfback and fullback positions. Fighting through injuries for most of his college career, he recorded a total of 931 career rushing yards (4.5-yard average), 2 touchdowns and was never the leading rusher on his team. He also lettered in track and ran the 200 metres.

Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
Coming off their Super Bowl VI win, the Dallas Cowboys entered the 1972 NFL Draft worried about the future of Duane Thomas and the injury history of Calvin Hill, so they focused on their running back depth. With their first round draft choice the team selected Thomas, who was ranked sixth overall on their draft board and with their second draft choice they selected Robert Newhouse.

He never fully recovered from the left shoulder injury he suffered in college and re-injured it during a dummy blocking drill in training camp. He went through surgery to repair the staple pin that was used to secure the shoulder in the original operation and was placed on injured reserve. He was activated for the eighth game of the 1972 season, touching the ball only twice as a rookie during kickoff returns.

On September 28, 1973, he was waived due to his lack of progress and his injury history and to make room for running back Cyril Pinder.

Houston Oilers
On October 1, 1973, the Houston Oilers claimed him off waivers and played a reserve role during the season. On August 16, 1974, he was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs in exchange for a seventh-round draft choice (#162-Mike Biehle).

Kansas City Chiefs
In 1974, he experienced some success playing special teams for the Kansas City Chiefs, returning 25 kickoffs for 571 yards. He was waived on August 2, 1975.

Personal life
Thomas was a teacher for more than 27 years, while also serving as coach and administrator at Madison Park High School and Gavin Middle School. He also had a stint with the football coaching staff of Northeastern University.

References

1949 births
Living people
American football running backs
Boston College Eagles football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Houston Oilers players
Kansas City Chiefs players
People from Peekskill, New York
Players of American football from Westchester County, New York


Arroz Con Leche is the debut studio album by Mexican rock band Panda. It was released on September 2, 2000, through independent record label Movic Records. The album was produced by Alan Mason. It was re-issued as a VCD after the moderate success of follow-up, La Revancha Del Príncipe Charro in 2002, due to poor album sales.

Background

The record includes 12 songs, which were chosen from among several songs from their Demo 1997. It was recorded in the Kaura Recording's Studio Garza, under the executive production of Alan Mason and assistance in recording by Adrián "Rojo" Treviño. The producer pushed the band to give their songs a little more pop-leaning influence to their punk sound.

The singles chosen to promote the album were "Buen Día", "Si Supieras", "Muñeca" and "Te Invito A Mi Fiesta".

Unfortunately, it went unnoticed in the record stores and critics alike, but after the success of their second album, La Revancha Del Príncipe Charro, they launched a reissue of their debut album in 2002. This disc contained the original songs from their first album along with new extras in the CD: wallpapers, games, discography, lyrics, music and screensavers.

Credits
Credits adapted from AllMusic.

Panda
 José Madero – lead vocals, guitar
 Jorge "Ongi" Garza – guitar, backing vocals
 Ricardo Treviño – bass, backing vocals
 Jorge "Kross" Vázquez – drums, backing vocals
Additional personnel
 De La Garza – executive producer
 Alan Mason – producer
 Alan Mason – engineer, producer
 CDM (Fusión Global Jr.) – mixing, recording
 Cha – typography
 Jacobo Parra – photography
 Mario Videgaray – art direction, graphic design

Track listing
All tracks written by José Madero

 El Elías ("Elias")
 Tanto ("Too Much")
 Miércoles ("Wednesday")
 En El Vaticano ("In The Vatican")
 Sunny Blue
 "Buen Día" ("Good Day")
 "Sweater Geek"
 "Sí Supieras" ("If You Only Knew")
 "El Gran McGee" ("The Great McGee")
 "Muñeca" ("Babydoll")
 "Gripa y Mundial" ("Flu and The World Cup")
 "Te Invito A Mi Fiesta" ("I Invite You To My Party")

References

2000 albums
Panda (band) albums


Tolštejn Castle () is a ruin of a medieval castle in the municipal area of Jiřetín pod Jedlovou in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It is situated on the Tolštejn mountain in Lusatian Mountains,  above sea level. It is located approximately  south of Varnsdorf.

History
Existence of the castle is first mentioned in 1337. It was built fr the protection of the road from Bohemia to Lusatia. The Wartenberg family owned the castle until around 1402, when it was acquired by Lords of Dubá. In 1481, the manor with the castle became a property of Schleinitz family from Saxony. After 1587, the castle changed owners a lot. During the Thirty Years' War in 1642 was burned down by Swedish Army and was never restored.

Tourism
Today the ruins of the castle are one of the most visited places in the region. The ruin includes a rocky lookout. A restaurant was built in 1865, which is still in operation.

References

Castles in the Ústí nad Labem Region
Rock formations of the Czech Republic
Lusatian Mountains
Ruined castles in the Czech Republic
Děčín District


Almelo is a railway station in Almelo, Netherlands. The station was opened on 18 October 1865 and is on the Deventer–Almelo railway, Almelo–Salzbergen railway, Zwolle–Almelo railway and Mariënberg–Almelo railway lines. The current station building dates from 1962. The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Arriva.

Train services
, the following train services call at this station:
1× per 2 hours express Intercity service: Amsterdam - Amersfoort - Hengelo - Osnabrück - Hanover - Berlin
1× per hour express Intercity service: Schiphol - Amersfoort - Hengelo - Enschede
1× per hour express Intercity service: The Hague - Utrecht - Amersfoort - Hengelo - Enschede
2× per hour local Sprinter service: Apeldoorn - Deventer - Almelo (- Hengelo - Enschede) (1x per hour in evening and weekend; to Enschede during peak hours only)
2× per hour local Sprinter service: Zwolle - Almelo - Hengelo - Enschede
1× per hour local Stoptrein service: Almelo - Hardenberg (2× per hour during peak hours)

Bus services
 21 Syntus Station - Hospital - Windmolenbroek - Station (Almelo South)
 22 Syntus Station - Windmolenbroek - Hospital - Station (Almelo South)
 23 Syntus Station - Schelfhorst - Sluitersveld - Station (Almelo North)
 24 Syntus Station - Sluitersveld - Schelfhorst - Station (Almelo North)
 25 Syntus Station - Aalderinkshoek (Almelo West)
 26 Syntus Station - Twenteborg Hospital (Almelo South)
 51 Syntus Vriezenveen - Almelo - Borne - Hengelo
 64 Syntus Almelo - Harbrinkhoek - Geesteren - Tubbergen - Vasse - Ootmarssum - Rossum - Oldenzaal - Losser - Overdinkel
 66 Syntus Neede - Delden - Almelo - Almelo north-east - Albergen - Fleringen - Weerselo - Lemselo - Oldenzaal
 80 Syntus Holten - Markelo - Goor - Rijssen - Wierden - Almelo - Westhaar - Kloosterhaar - Bergentheim - Hardenberg

Gallery

References

External links

NS
Syntus
Dutch public transport travel planner

Railway stations in Overijssel
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1865
Railway stations on the Almelo - Salzbergen railway line
Almelo
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1860s


Samata Das is an Indian actress. She rose to fame for her role as Lati in Buddhadev Dasgupta's National Award winning film Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (2002).

Personal life
Das married Bengali television assistant director Shankar Chanda, right after appearing at the Higher Secondary examination. She later studied at the Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College of the University of Calcutta.

Filmography

Feature films

TV series

References

External links

 The little woman of Bengali soaps has returned
 Coming of Age in a Bengali Brothel

Actresses in Bengali cinema
Living people
University of Calcutta alumni
Bengali television actresses
Indian film actresses
Indian television actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)


Northern Dutchess Paramedics (NDP EMS) provides advanced life support (ALS) and basic life support (BLS) ambulance transportation services in the Hudson Valley region of New York, USA. NDP operates ambulances staffed by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics. NDP holds emergency response 9-1-1 contracts in Dutchess County, Columbia County and Litchfield County. Within Dutchess County, NDP has been assigned a department ID number of "84".

History
NDP was founded in 1994 by paramedics Edward Murray and Robert Latimer and was New York State's first licensed, stand alone advanced life support first response service. Since then the company expanded to advanced life support services, as well as basic life support services and ambulance and inter-facility transport. Outside of the response mode, NDP offers EMS continuing education, first aid and safety training for the community and classes for allied health professionals.

Alamo/NDP merger
On December 14, 2007, NDP announced a proposed merger with Alamo EMS, whose parent company is Health Quest, the largest health care system in the Hudson Valley. The application was the first step in the regulatory process toward creating an organization which was aimed at better serving the Hudson Valley community in providing emergency and ambulance services. The joint venture also required approval from the New York State Attorney General’s Office and the New York State Supreme Court. Health Quest and Northern Dutchess Paramedics anticipated that the regulatory process would take approximately six to twelve months. However, on December 17, 2008, the two companies announced that the merger had fallen through, and would not be completed. The companies claimed they had differences that could not be settled. If merged, it would have been the largest independent ambulance provider in the Hudson Valley Region.

Loss of contracts
On November 21, 2008, at 5:30 pm, NDP officially lost its ALS contract for the towns of Beekman and Pawling, for failure to have an official Certificate of Need (CON). Alamo EMS resumed operations in the two towns. NDP claims the loss of the CON was no fault of theirs and that the responsibility lies with the town boards of Pawling and Beekman. In mid-November, it had been discovered that the New York State Department of Health had never issued NDP a CON for Southern Dutchess County and NDP should never have been allowed to operate in that area without the CON.

Ambulette Division
NDP operated an ambulette division consisting of 6 multipassenger wheelchair vans. This division was formed in 1998 to meet the needs of facilities served by the agency. In 2016, shortly after the loss of a major contract, the division was disbanded due to decreased revenue.

References

External links
 Northern Dutchess Paramedics Home Page

Ambulance services in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in New York (state)


Fritz Noll (27 August 1858 in Frankfurt am Main – 19 June 1908) was a German botanist who made contributions in the field of plant physiology.

He studied natural history and sciences at the Universities of Würzburg, Marburg and Heidelberg. In 1887 he became an assistant to Julius von Sachs at the University of Würzburg, and during the same year received his habilitation. In 1889 he was appointed etatsmäßiger professor at the agricultural academy at Poppelsdorf, as well as an associate professor at the University of Bonn. In 1907 he became a professor of botany at the University of Halle.

He is known for being the first to identify the phenomenon of parthenocarpy and coin the term.

Published works
With Eduard Strasburger, Heinrich Schenck and Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper, he was co-author of "Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen", a book that was later translated into English with the title of "A Text-book of Botany" (1898).
Other noted works by Noll include:
 Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Wachstum der Zellmembran, 1887 - Experimental research on the growth of the cell membrane.
 Über heterogene Induktion; Versuch eines Beitrags zur Kenntnis der Reizerscheinungen der Pflanzen, 1892 - On heterogeneous induction, etc.
 Das Sinnesleben der Pflanzen, 1896 - The "mental life" of plants
 Julius von Sachs : ein Nachruf, 1897 - Obituary of Julius von Sachs
 Ueber Geotropismus, 1900 - On geotropism
 Über das Etiolement der Pflanzen, 1901 - On etiolation of plants
 Zur Keimungs-Physiologie der Cucurbitaceen, 1901 - Germination-physiology of Cucurbitaceae.
 Zur Controverse über den Geotropismus, 1902 - Controversy concerning geotropism
 "Fruchtbildung ohne vorausgegangene Bestaubung (Parthenokarpie) bei der Gurke". Gesellschaft für Natur- und Heilkunde zu Bonn. 1; 1902: 149–162.
 Beobachtungen und Betrachtungen über embryonale Substanz, 1903 - Observations and considerations on embryonic substance.
 "Algae and related subjects - collected works", translated into English in 1893.

References
 Catalogus-professorum-halensis (translated biography of Fritz Noll)

19th-century German botanists
Academic staff of the University of Halle
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
1858 births
1908 deaths
Scientists from Frankfurt
20th-century German botanists


Richard P. Henrick is an American novelist and screenwriter whose works include Crimson Tide,  Attack on the Queen and Nightwatch. A recognized master of naval fiction and submarine adventure, he has published over 18 books in numerous different  countries and  languages. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri where he still lives and works.

Bibliography
 Silent Warriors (1985)
 The Phoenix Odyssey (1986)
 Counterforce (1987)
 Flight of the Condor (1987)
 When Duty Calls (1988)
 Beneath the Silent Sea (1988)
 Vampire In Moscow (1988)
 Under the Ice (1988)
 Cry of the Deep (1989)
 Sea Devil (1990)
 The Golden U-boat (1991)
 Sea of Death (1992)
 Dive to Oblivion (1993)
 Ecowar (1993)
 Ice Wolf (1994)
 Crimson Tide (1995)
 Attack on the Queen (1998)
 Nightwatch (1999)

References

External links

20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American male screenwriters
Living people
20th-century American male writers
Ladue Horton Watkins High School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


Rent: Filmed Live on Broadway is a 2008 film of the final performance of the original Broadway production of the musical Rent on September 7, 2008, with some footage of the closing night celebration. The film had a limited theatrical release between September 24 and 28, 2008, in more than 500 theaters with high definition digital projection systems in the US and Canada. According to Sony Pictures Releasing President Rory Bruer, it was the first live Broadway show to be available in major North American movie theaters. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 3, 2009.

The film is assembled from footage shot at the September 7 performance as well as a day of shooting on August 20. It includes a reprise of "Seasons of Love" featuring both the final cast and cast members from past productions, including the original Broadway cast following the finale of the show proper.

Cast
(In order of appearance, starting with the eight major characters)
 Adam Kantor as Mark Cohen
 Will Chase as Roger Davis
 Michael McElroy as Thomas B. "Tom" Collins
 Rodney Hicks as Benjamin "Benny" Coffin III
 Tracie Thoms as Joanne Jefferson
 Justin Johnston as Angel Dumott-Schunard
 Renée Elise Goldsberry as Mimi Marquez
 Eden Espinosa as Maureen Johnson
 Tracy McDowell as Mrs. Cohen / Pam / Ensemble
 Marcus Paul James as Mr. Jefferson / Pastor / “Seasons of Love” soloist / Ensemble
 Gwen Stewart as Mrs. Jefferson / Ali / Woman with bags / "Seasons of Love" soloist / Mrs. Marquez / Ensemble
 Jay Wilkison as Gordon / The Man / Mr. Grey / Ensemble
 Telly Leung as Steve / Man with squeegee / Waiter / Ensemble
 Shaun Earl as Paul / Cop / Ensemble
 Andrea Goss as Lisa / Alexi Darling / Mrs. Davis / Ensemble

Rodney Hicks and Gwen Stewart are the only cast members who appeared in the original Broadway cast version, and Stewart is the only one to reprise her roles, and would later play the same roles at the Hollywood Bowl (although Hicks was also a Benny understudy in the original). Tracie Thoms, who played the role of Joanne in the film version, Jay Wilkison, and Shaun Earl were the only cast members featured in the film. The character "Sue", a member of the Life Support group, was renamed "Lisa" in this version. Telly Leung would later play Angel on the RENT tour in 2009, and at the Hollywood Bowl in 2010. Tracie Thoms would later reprise her role as Joanne at the Hollywood Bowl as well.

Reception
In comparing the film with the stageplay, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote, "Nothing can compare with seeing a show conceived for the stage in an actual performance. But the cinecast of Rent, staged directed by the original's Michael Greif and for the camera by Michael John Warren, comes close. It's electrifying. Jon Kamen and the wizards at radical.media have utilized state-of-the-art high-definition video and digital audio technology to make the show come alive. Thanks to the gifted cinematographer Declan Quinn (Leaving Las Vegas, Monsoon Wedding), it practically jumps off the screen... ...For the first time ever, audiences across the country who couldn't see Rent and watch members of the original cast join the new cast onstage for the final curtain reprise of 'Seasons of Love', can share the experience".  Of the film itself, Broadway World wrote, "the film is a dynamic way to bring the show to audiences across the country one last time".

Release
Rent: Filmed Live on Broadway was released on DVD and Blu-ray, in Region 1, on February 3, 2009 and on 21 September 2009 on Region 2. Both releases include featurettes on the ending of the show: "RENT: The Final Days on Broadway" looks at the cast and crew's final days as well as the filming; "The Final Curtain Call" looks at the final reprise of "Seasons of Love"; "The Wall" looks at the famous backstage wall on which hundreds of messages have been written; and "The Final Lottery" which documents the final lottery for tickets. There was a PSA for The Marfan Foundation.

The Blu-ray disc has some exclusive special features including two more featurettes, a PSA for the Jonathan Larson Performing Arts Foundation, and BD-Live functionality. The featurettes are entitled "Home" - A Behind-the-Scenes look at the theater that was transformed into the home for RENT, and "Casting" - Bernard Telsey talks about casting the show for the last 12 years.

References

External links

Rent: Filmed live on Broadway on the Filmed Broadway Shows Database

2008 films
African-American LGBT-related films
American musical films
Films about music and musicians
American LGBT-related films
HIV/AIDS in American films
Films set in the 1990s
Rock musicals
Sung-through musical films
Films set in New York City
LGBT-related musical films
Filmed stage productions
2008 LGBT-related films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Pwllmeyric (Welsh: Pwllmeurig) is a small village in Monmouthshire, Wales, located 1 mile south west of Chepstow, on the A48 road within the parish of Mathern. The name Pwllmeyric means, in Welsh, "Meurig's pool" and refers to the pwll or creek of the Severn estuary which, before it silted up, linked the village to the sea.  It was named for Meurig ap Tewdrig, king of the early Welsh kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing in the 5th or 6th century, who buried his father Tewdrig (St. Theodoric) at Mathern.

The village is the presumed birthplace of Wales international footballer Eddie Parris, and the childhood home of rock musician Grant Nicholas.  It is the location of Chepstow garden centre and a pub, the New Inn.

The population in 2011 was 635.

References

External links
 Geograph photos of Pwllmeyric

Villages in Monmouthshire
Chepstow


Consuelo Mack (née Cotter, born 30 November 1949 in New York, New York) is an American business news journalist and host of  WealthTrack, a news program presented by WLIW-TV in New York City, distributed by American Public Television, and aired weekly, primarily on PBS-TV station affiliates.

Before developing WealthTrack, she spent over a decade at The Wall Street Journal as the Anchor and Managing Editor of The Wall Street Journal Report, since hosted by Maria Bartiromo and Rebecca Quick. During her tenure, it won the Overseas Press Club award. Prior to that, she did stints on the Financial News Network, and anchor and executive editor on the syndicated television series, Today's Business, which only lasted one season from 1986 to 1987, due to low ratings.

Early life and education
Mack grew up in Weston, Massachusetts, and studied at the Concord Academy.

She attended Sarah Lawrence College and graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in English Literature, History, and Political Science.

After college, Mack was a trainee in the account-executive program of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, stockbrokers.

In 1974, she married lawyer Walter Staunton Mack, Jr.

References

External links
Consuelo Mack bio sketch at WealthTrack Website
American journalist Consuelo Mack interviews Bill Gross of PIMCO

Television anchors from New York City
1949 births
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
American reporters and correspondents
Living people
CNBC people
The Wall Street Journal people


Papyrus 70 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓70, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew. The surviving texts of Matthew are verses 2:13-16; 2:22-3:1; 11:26-27; 12:4-5; 24:3-6.12-15. 𝔓70 has a fairly reliable text, though it was carelessly written.
The manuscript palaeographically had been assigned to the late 3rd century.

 Text
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland ascribed it as a “strict text”, and placed it in Category I.

 Present location
It is currently housed at the Ashmolean Museum (P. Oxy. 2384) in Oxford and at the Papyrological Institute of Florence in National Archaeological Museum (Florence) (PSI 3407 – formerly CNR 419, 420).

See also

 List of New Testament papyri
 Oxyrhynchus papyri

References

Images
 Oxyrhynchus 2384
 𝔓70 Matt. 11:26-27
 𝔓70 Matt. 12:4-5

Further reading

 Edgar Lobel, Colin H. Roberts, E. G. Turner, and J. W. B. Barns, Oxyrhynchus Papyri, XXIV (London: 1957), pp. 4–5.
 M. Naldini, Nuovi frammenti del vangelo di Matteo, Prometeus 1 (Florence: 1975), pp. 195–200.

New Testament papyri
3rd-century biblical manuscripts
Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament
National Archaeological Museum, Florence
Gospel of Matthew papyri


The N9 is a national route in South Africa that connects George with the N1 at Colesberg, via Graaff-Reinet and Middelburg.

Route

Western Cape
The N9 begins just south-east of George in the Western Cape at an intersection with the N2. It runs concurrently with the N12 through the center of George and then north over the Outeniqua Pass. At the top of the pass, at the intersection with the R62, the N9 and N12 split, with the N12 being cosigned with the R62 northwards towards Oudtshoorn while the N9 turns east, cosigned with the R62, to run along the northern side of the Outeniqua Mountains and over Potjiesberg Pass.

After 71 kilometres, the N9 and the R62 split, with the R62 becoming its own road eastwards while the N9 turns northwards and enters the town of Uniondale, before becoming the Buyspoort Pass and proceeding onwards to Willowmore in the Eastern Cape.

Eastern Cape
From Willowmore, the N9 travels across the Eastern Cape Karoo as the Perdepoort Pass, through Aberdeen to Graaff-Reinet. At Aberdeen, the N9 is joined by the R61 and they are concurrent through Graaff-Reinet (where they meet the R63) and for the next 46 kilometers before the R61 becomes its own road eastwards near Nieu-Bethesda.

From Graaff-Reinet it crosses the Sneeuberge through Naudesberg Pass and Lootsberg Pass to Middelburg, where it meets the N10 south of the town centre. The N10 joins the N9 to form an eastern bypass around Middelburg before proceeding northwards out of the town. After being concurrent for 24 kilometers, the N10 becomes its own road north-west towards De Aar. The N9 continues northwards, entering the Northern Cape, through Noupoort, to end at an intersection with the N1 just outside Colesberg (west of the town centre).

Uniondale Ghost
An urban legend in the "vanishing hitchhiker" tradition arose after a girl named Marie Charlotte Roux was killed in an auto accident not far from Uniondale on Easter Sunday of 1968. According to press reports, beginning in 1973 and for years afterward around the anniversary of her death, the girl's spirit hitchhiked along the road and allegedly vanished after being picked up by various drivers. According to folklorist Sigrid Schmidt:

See also
R306 (Eastern Cape) connecting road

References

External links

 South African National Roads Agency
 Route listing
 :fr:Outeniqua Pass

National Roads in South Africa
Reportedly haunted locations in South Africa
Roads in South Africa


This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 2009.  For video games, see 2009 in video games.

Games released or invented in 2009

Game awards given in 2009
Mensa Select: Cornerstone, Dominion, Marrekech, Stratum, Tic-Tac-Ku
Spiel des Jahres: Dominion
 Games: Small World
 Maria won the Spiel Portugal Jogo do Ano.

Significant games-related events in 2009
Mattel, Inc. purchases Sekkoia SAS, makers of Blokus, Blokus Trigon, Blokus 3D, Blokus Duo, and Blokus Giant for an undisclosed sum.

Deaths

See also
List of game manufacturers
2009 in video gaming

References

Games
Games by year


L'Officiel, full name L'Officiel de la couture et de la mode de Paris (stylized in all caps), is a French monthly fashion magazine. It has been published in Paris since 1921 and targets upper-income, educated women aged from 25 to 49. A men's edition called L'Officiel Hommes is also published, as are many foreign editions of the magazine. In 2022, it was acquired by AMTD a Hong Kong based company.

History

L'Officiel was first published in 1921. It was the official publication of the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne, a trade body representing all Paris couturiers, and took over the role of Les Elégances Parisiennes, a joint publication of a group of about twenty-five couturiers which became defunct in 1922. When launched in 1921, L'Officiel was originally a professional trade magazine, directed principally at international buyers of high fashion, both corporate and individual, and at those working in the fashion industry.

Georges Jalou joined the magazine as artistic director in 1932. Within a short time, the magazine had helped to start the careers of designers such as Pierre Balmain, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Christian Dior, and Yves St. Laurent, and came to be known as "the Bible of fashion and of high society". Jalou became general director of the publication, and later purchased the magazine.

L'Officiel Hommes was first launched in 1976 as a male alternative to L'Officiel, but in 1998 due to publishing rights, it was rebranded to L'Optimum. However, in 2005, the publishing rights to the name were acquired again and L'Officiel Hommes was relaunched (L'Optimum still operated as a separate publication).

Georges Jalou transferred the magazine to his three children in 1986: Laurent Jalou became the president of Éditions Jalou, Marie-José Susskind-Jalou directed its editorial content, and Maxime Jalou was responsible for publication. After the death of Laurent Jalou in 2003, his daughter Marie-José Susskind-Jalou became president of the company, and restructured the content of the magazine to target a younger market than in its early years.

For the September issue in 2013 Karl Lagerfeld shot the cover photo and editorial.

The cryptocurrency Taste Token was launched in 2018 the venture was headed by Benjamin Eymère L'Officiel CEO and was developed to compensate readers for their time on the website and for brands to figure out what readers like.

In January 2021, a group of freelancers working for the magazine took legal action in France, claiming that they had not been paid.

For its 100th anniversary in 2021, L'Officiel opened its archive for academic study to students at the Parsons Paris. They also launched L'Officiel House of Dreams a website set up as a virtual museum documenting the magazines history.

In April 2022, AMTD International (now AMTD IDEA Group) a Hong Kong based subsidiary of the AMTD Group acquired L'Officiel Inc. SAS and Éditions Jalou. With the purchase, AMTD announced that it intended to expand and establish L'Officiel's presence in Hong Kong, Macau, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Switzerland and the Netherlands. Later in the year it was also announced that they intended to launch editions in Canada, Japan, Australia and the United Kingdom within two years.

At the World Economic Forum in January 2023, the L'Officiel Coffee pop up was launched in Davos, and AMTD announced plans to expand the store to different cities worldwide throughout 2023.

L'Officiel Singapore and L'Officiel Malaysia were relaunched in March 2023, now directly owned and managed and no longer under a franchising ownership model. In August 2023, L'Officiel Philippines was brought under direct ownership also.

Editions
The magazine has over 30 different international editions. Other titles published by the group include L'Officiel Hommes and L'Officiel Art (launched in 2012). Other titles of the magazine that are no longer published include L'Officiel 1000 Modèles (launched in 1996), L'Officiel Medecine et Chirugie Esthétique (Medicine & Plastic Surgery/Plastic Surgery) (launched in 1996), L'Officiel Voyage (launched in 2005), L'Officiel Shopping/L'Officiel Paris Guide (launched in 2012), L'Officiel 1000 Modèles Collection, L'Officiel Modèles Design, L'Officiel 1,000 Modèles Joaillerie, L'Officiel Beauté & L'Officiel Intérieur. The 1000 Modèles issues were usually published seasonally.

The magazines first supplement was launched in the 1920s and known as L'Industrie Française du Vêtement Féminine. Other once published supplements include L'Officiel Enfants and L'Officiel Style et Tendances.

L'Officiel editions in Brazil, Italy and Arabia all had original print runs in the 1970s, these editions were closed down but later relaunched.

L'Officiel USA
L'Officiel USA was originally launched in 1976 as one of the first international editions of the magazine, but was later shuttered in 1980. In 2017 L'Officiel USA launched online headed by Joseph Akel with funding from Global Emerging Markets, with the first print edition in February 2018. The Magazine is based in New York City. In December 2021, the City of New York brought an action against L'Officiel USA Inc. under the Freelance Isn't Free Act, claiming that the magazine had failed to pay freelance contributors. A settlement was reached in July 2023 with L'Officiel agreeing to pay 41 freelancers $275,000 USD.

L'Officiel Italia
L'Officiel Italia originally had a short run in the 1970s and 1990s. In 2009 L'Officiel Hommes launched an Italian edition and in September 2012 L'Officiel Italia was relaunched with Carlo Mazzoni as Editor-in-Chief.

时装 L'Officiel China
In 1980 时装 (Fashion) was founded and by the mid-1980s had almost reached a circulation of 300,000. From late 2003 the magazine was rebranded to 时装 L'Officiel after an agreement was made with Éditions Jalou (publishers of L'Officiel at the time) with this the magazine became distributed in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.

Editors

Other International editions
 Hong Kong (launching soon)
 Portugal (Defunct)
 Angola (Defunct)

Notes

References

External links
 L'Officiel French website
 L'Officiel USA American website
 L'Officiel House of Dreams Virtual museum

1921 establishments in France
Women's fashion magazines
French-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in France
Magazines established in 1921
Magazines published in Paris
Women's magazines published in France
2022 mergers and acquisitions
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Lasmigona alabamensis, common name Alabama heelsplitter, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae.

Confusingly, a different species, Potamilus inflatus, has also sometimes been listed as "Alabama heelsplitter". In order to avoid confusion, that species has now been given the common name "inflated heelsplitter".

References

alabamensis
Molluscs described in 1985