The Inishkea Islands () are situated off the coast of the Belmullet peninsula in County Mayo in Ireland. They are believed to be named after a saint that lived there, called Saint Kea. There are two main islands – Inishkea North and Inishkea South.

In the 19th-century, the islands were notable for the pagan religious traditions practiced there. One tradition involved a small terracotta statue of a saint known as the Godstone, or  in Irish, which was worshipped as an idol. It is possible that the remoteness of the islands somehow preserved some form of pre-Christian Celtic religion. In the early 1900s, the islands were populated by more than 300 people, who were monolingual Irish speakers, but the island gradually depopulated after 10 fishermen drowned at sea during a fierce storm in October 1927. Two people live on the island now, but the population increases to about fifteen during the summer months from May to September.

History

The earliest evidence of settlement on the island goes back at least 5,000 years and the islands have numerous archaeological sites from the Neolithic and several Early Christian monastic sites. Early Christian sites dating from the sixth to the tenth centuries are found on most of the Erris islands including Duvillaun and Inishglora.

The islands had a number of owners including the Barretts, who were a Norman family, the McCormacks who were given the island by King James I and finally the O'Donnells of Newport who took control of them in the 18th century. It is believed by many historians that the islands were abandoned in the Middle Ages before being re-inhabited in the 17th century.

Famine
During the Irish Famine, the people on the Inishkea islands were not immune.   Like most places in the west of Ireland, the pattern of lazy beds can be seen on the island wherever there was enough soil to sow potatoes, even on the outer reaches near the cliff edge. While the lack of shelter would have made conditions too harsh for potatoes to flourish, the threat of starvation meant that every option had to be tried.

However, unlike other areas of the west coast, the famine did not affect the Inishkeas as badly as the mainland. While the population on the mainland fell dramatically during the famine years, it was the opposite on the Inishkea islands because it would appear that potato blight was confined to the mainland. The prevailing winds would have kept the blight off the islands to a degree. The islanders also had the tradition of fishing.

Piracy

It is alleged that the inhabitants were always vigorously engaged in piracy from the island. They attacked and robbed boats passing west of them. "This was the whole island and [the operation] was highly organised, robbing the boats, taking the cargo and distributing it across the island. Wrecking was common along the west coast so the authorities had to deploy Royal Naval ships to stamp it out and there were islanders shot and killed as they attacked the passing vessels. The deliberate wrecking was an alternative enterprise because in the areas along the west coast there was no regulation. However, when coastguards were posted to coastal sites in the latter part of the 19th century, they were despised and hated and they were a disaster, economically, for these islands because they stamped out wrecking and smuggling."

Pagan religion and The Godstone
The evangelical Irish Protestant Robert Jocelyn wrote the following about the unusual religious practices of the islands' inhabitants in 1851:"...save during the few and necessarily short visits of the clergyman of the parish, seldom have they heard of eternal life as the free gift of God through Jesus Christ, and even these visits were unprofitable from their total ignorance of English... their worship consists in occasional meetings at their chief’s house, with visits to a holy well, called in their native tongue, Derivla... Here the absence of religion is filled with the open practice of Pagan idolatry... In the South Island, in the house of a man named Monigan, a stone idol, called in the Irish ‘Neevougi’ has been from time immemorial religiously preserved and worshipped. This god in appearance resembles a thick roll of home-spun flannel, which arises from the custom of dedicating a dress of that material to it, whenever its aid is sought; this is sewed on by an old woman, its priestess, whose peculiar care it is."In 1940 English author T. H. White visited the islands and learned the tale of what    called the "Neevougi" (probably Naomhóg, roughly translating to "little saint"). According to White, the inhabitants of the islands credited the stone with calming weather, speeding the growth of potatoes, and quelling fire, but that it had allegedly been cast into the sea in the 1890s by one Fr. O'Reilly. White's discoveries - which include encounters with pirates, the theft of the stone from North to South Inishkea by islanders jealous of its potato-growing properties, a thrice (or once) annual ceremony where the stone was re-"clothed" in new cloth, and the niche in the wall of a south Inishkea hut where the Naomhóg had formerly resided - are recorded in his book The Godstone and the Blackymor, which was based upon his contemporary journal.

A well known archaeologist, Françoise Henry visited these offshore islands in the 1930s and again in the 1950s. On Inishkea North (which is less visited than the south island) are the ruins of St. Colmcille's Church, the Bailey Mór, Bailey Beag and Bailey Dóite, small circular areas which contained beehive huts, used by monks in the Early Christian period. On the south island is a tall cross inscribed slab and to its west, the foundations of a small church. This suggests that Inishkea was an important centre in the Early Christian period, but that the islanders somehow reverted to pagan beliefs at some point.

1927 Storm
In October 1927, local fishermen were caught in a sudden violent storm. Some of the currachs (traditional boats) managed to reach home but several failed to get back and one was reputed to have been carried across to the mainland and tossed ashore with its crew unharmed. Forty-eight fisherman drowned during the storm. The island community was devastated and a few years later the community was rehoused, mostly on the Mullet Peninsula. Those  who had escaped often related the tale of that fateful night. The last survivor, Pat Reilly, died at age 101 in 2008.

Whaling and shellfish

IN 1908, a Norwegian whaling station was established on Rusheen a small island, a short distance away from the south Iniskea island which is connected to the south island when the tide goes out. Environmental rules and regulations in Norway at the time meant that a lot of the whaling stations there had to be closed down and moved to other countries, like Ireland, where the regulations were not as strict.  The industry was short-lived as it lasted only ten years, but it employed a number of local people in difficult times. The presence of the station caused tension between north and south islands, because it is said that all the jobs went to the south islanders and the north islanders were left with just the foul smell from the station.

The whale industry on the Inishkeas did not begin and end at the beginning of the 20th century. Sperm whales were a common sight off the coast during the Middle Ages and the most important product at the time to come from the sperm whale was its vomit, Ambergris. Ambergris is highly valuable because it has a sweet scent and is sold as perfume and medicine. It was traded in the 17th century from the coast of Connacht through Galway to Spain and onto the spice markets of Cairo and Baghdad where he said it was worth a 'small fortune'.

In 1946, French archaeologist Francoise Henry excavated evidence of a 7th-century dye workshop on Inishkea North, where the monks in an early Christian Monastery were producing it from the shells of the dog whelk. The dye fetched high prices at the time, it was in high demand.

One letter in the Book of Kells would take 500 shells to get enough colour to decorate it. Purple was very important because in early Irish laws only the royalty could wear purple.  The tradition came from the Roman tradition, who took it from the Greeks, who borrowed that tradition from the Phoenicians.

Geography and Current State
The islands lie between Inishglora to their north and Duvillaun to their south, off the Mullet's west coast, and offer some protection to the mainland coast from the power of the eastern Atlantic Ocean. The underlying rock of the Inishkea Island is gneiss and schist, the same as that on the Mullet.  The islands are relatively low lying and are covered in machair. Fine white sand is found everywhere, often blown into drifts by the strong winds especially along the beach beside the harbour where it fills the houses of the abandoned village. The sea surrounding the islands is crystal clear.

The islands are little known outside of the local area but are well known by fishermen who use the island harbour regularly.  There are regular trips from Falmore on the mainland to the islands when weather permits and after a trip taking about half-an-hour, the boat ties up at the pier right beside the pure white sandy beach lined with little ruined cottages, some of them with slate and galvanised roofs and in habitable condition (these being used by surveyors etc. doing work on the islands). Sand has taken its toll on most of the buildings with the floors covered in several feet of white sand blown in from the beach. The island is inhabited by donkeys and many sheep. People can now visit the island via a ferry service provided by the Inishkea Island Ferry, better known as Belmullet Boat Charters.

Flora and fauna

The Inishkea islands are home to large numbers of Atlantic grey seals and the coves and beaches across the islands are the largest breeding colonies for grey seals in Ireland.
Over 300 pups are born annually on the islands, compared to just 150-180 in the mid-1990s. However, when pups are born they can't go into the sea for the first ten days and there is a high mortality rate with only 50 per cent of pups expected to survive the first year.
While the seals are a protected species, there have been instances of them being culled by fishermen in the past because they bite at fish caught in nets. In the early 1980s over 120 seals and pups were killed on the beaches of the islands but the numbers gradually recovered over the last number of years.

The islands are also home to a number of bird species- the geese of the island's name are barnacle geese. In addition, the islands have wheatears, rock pipits and fulmars. Lapwing breed on the island and peregrine falcons hunt for prey. There is evidence of rabbits on the island.
The islands have no trees and are composed almost entirely of machair with outcrops of rock. They are crisscrossed by a number of stone walls that provide some shelter for nesting birds.

References

External links
Inishkea Islands, Irish Islands.
Inishkea Islands Official Website
 The Mayo News

Islands of County Mayo
Gaeltacht places in County Mayo


Katund i Ri is a village and a former municipality in the Durrës County, western Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Durrës. The population at the 2011 census was 10,161.

References

Administrative units of Durrës
Former municipalities in Durrës County
Villages in Durrës County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


"The Dark Defender" is the fifth episode of the second season and seventeenth overall episode of the American television drama series Dexter, which first aired on 28 October 2007 on Showtime in the United States. The episode was written by Timothy Schlattmann and was directed by Keith Gordon.

In the episode, Dexter Morgan (Michael C. Hall) investigates a crime scene in a comic book store where he sees a poster of The Dark Defender, a character inspired by Dexter's own crimes under the guise of the "Bay Harbor Butcher", who is currently under investigation in his own police department. After he dreams that The Dark Defender saved his mother's life when he was young, Dexter's Narcotics Anonymous sponsor Lila Tournay (Jaime Murray) encourages him to seek closure by confronting one of his mother's killers, Santos Jimenez (Tony Amendola). Meanwhile, Dexter's sister Debra (Jennifer Carpenter) suspects that her new boyfriend Gabriel (Dave Baez) is using her to write a book about her engagement to the first season's "Ice Truck Killer".

Schlattmann was inspired to set the homicide case in a comic book store when he realized that an Aquaman snow globe on his desk "could easily be a murder weapon". When he visited comic book artist Tone Rodriguez to draw and render the poster of The Dark Defender, comic book writer Dan Wickline was also at Rodriguez's studio, and so Schlattmann arranged for the two to have cameo appearances in the episode. The episode was filmed in Los Angeles, California though set in Miami, Florida. "The Dark Defender" was praised by critics and Schlattmann was nominated for Writers Guild of America Award for his script. The episode was also submitted as Dexters sample episode to determine the nominees for Outstanding Drama Series at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards; though nominated, the series didn't win.

Plot
While drinking coffee with Debra, Dexter is called to a comic book store where the shopkeeper has been bludgeoned to death with a snow globe. Dexter sees a poster of The Dark Defender, a vigilante killer based on the Bay Harbor Butcher. Later, at his Narcotics Anonymous meeting, Dexter falls asleep and has a dream in which he, dressed as the Dark Defender, rescues his mother Laura Moser. When he tells his sponsor Lila about his dream, she tells him that he must confront his mother's killers to seek closure. He and Lila travel to Naples, Florida, where one of the three men, Santos Jimenez, is running a tavern.

Having been warned by Rita's mother Gail to leave her and her children alone, Dexter tells Rita that he is going away while Gail is visiting. Leaving Lila in their motel room, he goes to Jimenez's bar and waits until closing time to confront him. When Jimenez brandishes a baseball bat, Dexter disarms and beats him, revealing his identity as Laura's son. Jimenez tells Dexter that his mother was killed for being Harry's narcotics informant and lover. Dexter is prepared to kill Jimenez until Lila phones, prompting him to tell her that he is about to "use". Thinking that he is about to use drugs, she urges him not to go any further, because "using" will only leave him empty and alone inside. A distraught Dexter returns to the motel, leaving Jimenez unconscious, and falls asleep in Lila's lap.

The next morning, Lila confides to Dexter that she went into rehab after getting high on  methamphetamine and setting her ex-boyfriend's house on fire, unaware that he was inside. Dexter asks her if she thinks that he deserved to die, something that Lila silently agrees to. Dexter tells her that, "It's okay then." Meanwhile, Debra is insecure around Gabriel because of how her previous relationship with Brian ended. Looking through Gabriel's e-mail, she sees that he has sent a book titled The Ice Princess to a number of publishers. Assuming he is writing a tell-all book about her, she angrily breaks up with him. Discussing the break-up with Lundy, he gives her the background check that he had run on Gabriel, revealing that he is a children's writer; Debra realizes that The Ice Princess is a children's book.

When Dexter returns to Miami and visits Rita, Gail—suspecting that he is hiding something—announces that she will be living with Rita from now on. Dexter realizes that he must protect his secrets, so he begins by cleaning his boat that night with a black light to detect any blood. He is unaware that the marina is being videotaped by the Miami-Metro PD, who believe that the Bay Harbor Butcher may be keeping his boat at that marina.

Production
Schlattmann thought to write the comic book store homicide storyline when he picked up the Aquaman snow globe in his office and thought, "'Wow, this thing could easily be a murder weapon," because of its weight and its edge. The writers wanted to use the actual Aquaman globe but DC Comics would not allow the character and the snow globe to be used in the episode, so the Dexter art department custom-made a snow globe. The superhero's name ultimately became "Mariner" as other names including "Sea King" and "King of the Seas" could not be used for legal reasons. Trademark and copyright clearances was again an issue when finding a name for the superhero based on the Bay Harbor Butcher. "The Eradicator" and "Judge Justice" were considered, but the final choice was "The Dark Defender". Cerone said that the name was "a little on the generic side, but it was one we could clear." He said that The Dark Defender was in part an homage to Batman: The Dark Knight Returns and  to Dexter's Dark Passenger, featured in Jeff Lindsay's series of Dexter novels on which the television series is based. On the poster, The Dark Defender, though hooded, was drawn with a smile to resemble Michael C. Hall. The poster was rendered by comic artist Tone Rodriguez, with whom Schlattmann had previously worked on a screenplay in development at 20th Century Fox. When Schlattmann visited Rodriguez's studio in Los Angeles to discuss the art, comic book writer Dan Wickline was also there. Schlattmann thought that "by including the two of them, we could make things a bit more special and add some credibility to the show". Wickline played the dead comic book shopkeeper, while Rodriguez played the prime suspect for the murder. The Dark Defender character also lent its name to a series of highly stylized Dexter webisodes, recapping Dexter's victims of the second season.

The scenes at the marina where Dexter keeps his boat, Coral Cove, were filmed at the Leeward Bay Marina in Los Angeles' Wilmington neighborhood, in spite of the show's Miami setting. The episode opens in a coffee bar at Coral Cove Marina, which was filmed at Leeward Bay's floating diner, the Chowder Barge. One of the empty barns at Long Beach, California's Shoreline Village was set up as the comic book store. Doakes and LaGuerta discuss the homicide case while standing on the Shoreline Village boardwalk, and the Village car park was used to film Doakes and LaGuerta's stake out.

Reception
Eric Goldman of IGN called "The Dark Defender" "a very satisfying episode of the show" and thought that "so far [the cast and crew are] doing a very good job" of replicating the tension seen in the first season. He was impressed by Dexter's discoveries about his birth mother and adoptive father, but called Debra's romance with Gabriel a "less successful" storyline. Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Tom O'Neil called the episode a "standout" because of the parts of Dexter's past that it explored. He stated that, for regular viewers, "this episode is a real knockout", but for unfamiliar viewers, "this whole Dark Defender bit might look pretty corny". TV Squad's Keith McDuffee believed the revelation of Laura's affair with Harry to be "certainly the most shocking moment of the episode", and thought that "One of the brilliant moments of the season so far was Dexter going after one of his mom's killers." Paula Paige of TV Guide called Dexter's monologue about his hollowness "very moving". She thought that his confrontation with his mother's killer "may have been one of the best shot [scenes] in the whole series". Blogcritics Ray Ellis praised the "razor-sharp sense of humor" seen in the episode and thought that "In a season of mostly dreary, bland series, Dexter remains the most daring show on television." Dexter and Jimenez's confrontation was named Hall's best scene by Variety critic Stuart Levine.

In a short recap of seasons 1 and 2 in Film Quarterly, J. M. Tyree called "The Dark Defender" season 2's "most intriguing episode", and compared Dexter to Batman:
When the identities of the Butcher's victims are revealed to be murderers, the public applauds him, elevating Dexter to the status of a folktale avenger or comic-book anti-hero. And indeed Rita excoriates him for disappearing at night "like Clark fucking Kent," but the FBI describes the Butcher as more like one's own "personal Batman." Batman is an apt comparison, although Dexter prefers to violate Batman's aversion to killing. Both live outside the law, "part human, part mutant," as Dexter puts it. Both cling to an ethos riddled with perplexities and contradictions. Visiting a comic-book shop, Dexter find himself transformed on a handmade superhero poster from Butcher into The Dark Defender, a protector of the city and the executioner of its predators. Vigilantes simultaneously share territory with cops and outlaws, they break the law in the hopes of helping society. ... Dexter describes being "half sick with the thrill, the complete wrongness," when the "dark passenger" inside him takes command.

Schlattmann was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for his work on this episode in the Episodic Drama category. "The Dark Defender" was submitted to the Primetime Emmy Awards judging panel to determine nominees for the Outstanding Drama Series award; Dexter was one of the top ten candidates and became one of the 6 series nominated for the award. The episode was also unsuccessfully submitted for Emmys for Outstanding Writing (Timothy Schlattmann) and Outstanding Directing (Keith Gordon) in a Drama Series.

References

External links

 "The Dark Defender" at Showtime's website

2007 American television episodes
Dexter (TV series) episodes
Television episodes directed by Keith Gordon


The Else is a left tributary of the river Werre in the northeast of North Rhine-Westphalia and in southern Lower Saxony. The Else is a distributary of the river Hase and begins at a river bifurcation near Melle.

Origin

The River Else does not have a source but originates at a hydrological phenomenon known as a river bifurcation. The bifurcation is near Gesmold (part of the borough of Melle) in Lower Saxony, where the river Else branches off the river Hase (at Hase river kilometre 158.9). The bifurcation may have been created or established artificially; or at least maintained artificially. This is however unclear. In history there were disputes over the distribution of water that was able to be controlled by man-made means. For example, the entire water flow could be diverted either into the River Hase or River Werre during conflicts. Today the Hase loses a third of its water mass at the bifurcation. The Hase flows northwest to the Ems, while the Else flows east to the Weser.

Course
The River Else flows slowly through the Ravensberg Hills and through the wetlands known as the Else meadows (Elseauen). The Else and Werre valleys, which were formed during the ice age, are bordered in the south by the Teutoburg Forest and in the north by the ridge of the Wiehen Hills.
After the bifurcation in Melle the river flows east into North Rhine-Westphalia, passing the state border at river kilometre 19.2 and crossing Rödinghausen and Bünde, before discharging, after a distance of approximately 35 km, into the Werre near the eastern edge of Kirchlengern. The Werre swings east at its mouth by almost 90°, thus aligning itself with the west-to-eastern course of the Else.
The River Else passes under the A 30 federal motorway three times (at Gesmold (km 33), at Bruchmühlen (km 22) and at Bünde (km 15). The Else Valley Bridge crosses the river at Kirchlengern. The Else is dammed several times along its length. A particularly large number of weirs is located on the lower reaches between Bünde and its mouth; the Else's velocity here is controlled over a short distance by 4 weirs.

Tributaries

Designated tributaries, which flow into river Else or the parallel led river Neue Else are (from bifurcation to mouth):

 Oldendorfer Mühlenbach (L 31,1)
 Strotbach (R 29,5)
 Laerbach (R 29)
 Zwickenbach (L 29)
 Maschgraben (R 25,9)
 Eickener Mühlenbach (L 24,5)
 Violen Bach (R 24)
 Bruchriede (R 22,1)
 Suttbach (L 21,5)
 Kilverbach (L 19,5)
 Mühlenbach (R 18,4)
 Bennier Graben (L, 18,2)
 Alte Else (R, 17,1)
 Ahler Bruchgraben (L 16,2)
 Warmenau (R 15,3)
 Darmühlenbach (L 12)
 Sunderbach (L 10,5)
 Neue Else (R, 10)
 Gewinghauser Bach (L 8,8)
 Knollerbach (L 8,3)
 Ostbach (Mühlenbach) (L, 7,3)
 Eselsbach (L 6,7)
 Markbach (L 4,4)
 Brandbach (Bolldammbach) (R, 3,7)
(L/R; KM): Left right supply, with river kilometer, delta with km 0)

Watershed

The watershed of river Else has a size of 414,6 km². In the watershed approximately live 100,000 people.

The following municipalities lie at river Else:

 Melle
 Rödinghausen
 Bünde
 Kirchlengern
 Löhne

In addition to the watershed lie totally or partly:

 Spenge
 Enger
 Hiddenhausen
 Werther
 Borgholzhausen

Nature reserve

On the North-Rhine/Westphalian side there are two adjacent nature reserves with the same name of Elseaue ("Else water meadows") with a total area of . The reserves were established in 1994 and 1995. The area lies north of the Else and south of the railway line from Löhne to Osnabrück along a 3.5 km long section of the river. The area is protected, because it is a near-natural floodplain in the middle of the intensively farmed Ravensberg Land. On the floodplain, the remnants of former river courses of the Else may be recognized. The floodplain is largely turned over to grassland with flood banks. The steep river banks, up to 3m high, are a haven for the kingfisher.

Tourism
In Bünde there is an association for canoe sports. Due to its good water quality, fishing in always possible in the river. In addition the Else-Werre cycle way on the river continues to lead along and of the delta into the Werre up to the Weser.

See also
List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
List of rivers of Lower Saxony

References

Rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia
Rivers of Lower Saxony

Rivers of Germany


Rrashbull is a village and a former municipality in the Durrës County, western Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Durrës. The population at the 2011 census was 24,081.

Villages
The municipal unit consists of the following villages:
 Arapaj
 Bozanxhije
 Manskuri
 Romanat
 Rrashbull
 Shënavlash
 Shkallnur
 Xhafzotaj

References

Administrative units of Durrës
Former municipalities in Durrës County
Villages in Durrës County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


The National Youth Jazz Festival runs as party of the National Arts Festival also known as the Grahamstown Festival which has been running in Grahamstown since 1974, and is the world's second-largest single cultural festival, attracting performers in all art forms from around South Africa and all over the world.

It attracts a heterogeneous audience of over 140 000 from around the country, who cram into what is normally a small settler town best known for its academic and legal institutions. Performance venues are thus created in any available venue such as school and church and community  halls.  The National Youth Jazz Festival takes place on the campus of the Diocesan School for Girls, Grahamstown.

History

The National Youth Jazz Festival has been in existence since 1991; the Jazz Festival has been running since 1989, and the two festivals now run as a single entity, organised by the same administrative team.

The Standard Bank Jazz Festival runs for the full 10 days of the National Arts Festival in a variety of jazz styles. The festival incorporates the Standard Bank National Youth Jazz Festival for the first six days to bring together more than three hundred young jazz musicians, thirty-five jazz educators and eighty jazz performers from around the world.

Intention
The intention of the festival is to develop South African jazz by:

 providing educational opportunities for young players.
 encouraging artistic integrity and creativity on the Main Stage.
 creating a forum for South African musicians to network with peers from around the country and with foreign musicians.
 providing audiences with interesting, quality jazz.

The festival lasts nearly a week, incorporating jazz performance, rehearsals, workshops, lectures, networking and an opportunity for South Africa's future jazz stars to interact personally and musically with their peers and other performers.

The festival has hosted many of South Africa's leading jazz musicians over the past 16 years, as well as musicians and teachers from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Britain, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Mexico, Mozambique, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, United States, and Zimbabwe.

South African jazz students audition for places in the Standard Bank National Schools Big Band and the National Youth Jazz Band (NYJB).  The NYJB performs regularly at festivals around South Africa—Grahamstown, Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban—and has performed in New York City, Sweden and the North Sea Jazz Festival, the Netherlands.

References

External links

 Standard Bank Arts
 National Arts Festival

Jazz festivals in South Africa
Makhanda, Eastern Cape
Music festivals established in 1974
Tourist attractions in the Eastern Cape
1974 establishments in South Africa


The discography of American country singer-songwriter Liz Anderson consists of 12 studio albums and 23 singles. Her early songwriting produced hits for Merle Haggard that brought a recording contract from RCA Victor Records in 1964. Her first charting single was 1966's "Go Now Pay Later," which reached number 23 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. The same year, Anderson collaborated with Bobby Bare and Norma Jean on the duet "The Game of Triangles." The song reached the top five of the Billboard country chart. In 1967, she had her biggest solo hit with "Mama Spank," which also reached the country top five. Anderson was also releasing studio albums for RCA. This included her third release, Liz Anderson Sings (1967), which peaked at number 20 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. Anderson's fourth studio effort, Cookin' Up Hits, reached number 18 on the same chart.

Anderson continued having top 40 hit singles on the Billboard country chart through 1968. This included "Tiny Tears" and "Mother, May I." The latter was a duet with her daughter, Lynn Anderson. Anderson recorded several more unsuccessful albums before the release of 1970's Husband Hunting. The album reached number 36 on the country albums survey, her final charting album release. The title track reached number 26 on the Billboard country songs chart, her final top 40 hit. Shortly after its release, she switched to Epic Records and recorded several singles, most notably a country version of "I'll Never Fall in Love Again." Her 1973 Epic release, "Time to Love Again," was her final charting single, reaching number 72 on the country chart. Anderson continued sporadically releasing new studio albums. This included two records of children's music. Her final studio effort was issued in 2004.

Albums

Studio albums

Singles

Notes

References

External links
 Liz Anderson discography at Discogs

Country music discographies
Discographies of American artists


The MTC Namibia PGA Championship was a golf tournament on the Sunshine Tour. It was founded in 2004, the year after the PGA of Namibia was formed, and played at the Windhoek Country Club, to the south of Windhoek, Namibia until 2009 when it moved to Rossmund Golf Club in Swakopmund. After not being played in 2010, it moved back to Windhoek in 2011.

In 2008, the event was played over 72 holes for the first time, having previously been contested over just three rounds, with a prize fund of 1 million rand, making it the richest event on the winter swing of the tour.

Winners

References

External links
Sunshine Tour – official site

Former Sunshine Tour events
Golf tournaments in Namibia
Recurring sporting events established in 2004
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2011


Gjepalaj is a village and a former municipality in the Durrës County, western Albania. During the 2015 local government reform, it became a subdivision of the municipality Shijak. The population at the 2011 census was 3,449.

References

Administrative units of Shijak
Former municipalities in Durrës County
Villages in Durrës County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


Indoor cycling (Artistic cycling and Cycle ball) and BMX freestyle (as part of the extreme sports) at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games was held in Nimibutr Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand from 14 November to 17 November 2005.

Medalists

BMX freestyle

Indoor

Medal table

Results

BMX freestyle

Flatland
15–16 November

Park
15–17 November

Park best trick
16 November

Indoor

Men's singles
14 November

Men's pair
15 November

Women's singles
14 November

Women's pair
15 November

Cycle ball

Qualifying round
17 November

Knockout round

References
 Hong Kong cycling federation

2005 Asian Indoor Games events
Asian Indoor Games
2005


Philip Graham (born August 26, 1951) is an American author, professor, and editor.  He is one of the founders, and the current editor-at-large, of the literary/arts journal, Ninth Letter, which won the MLA’s Best New Literary Journal Award in 2005.  He is a professor emeritus in the Creative Writing Program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he received three campus-wide teaching awards.  He has also taught in the low-residency MFA program of the Vermont College of Fine Arts.  Additionally, he is the recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts Creative Writing Fellowship, a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, two Illinois Arts Council grants, and the William Peden Prize in Fiction from The Missouri Review, as well as fellowship residencies at the MacDowell Colony and Yaddo artists' colony.

Graham was born in Brooklyn, New York City on August 26, 1951. He received a B.A. from Sarah Lawrence College in 1973, where he studied with Grace Paley, and received an M.A. from City College/City University of New York in 1976, where he studied with Donald Barthelme and Frederic Tuten.

Writing
Graham is the author of seven books:

The Vanishings (Release Press, 1978).  Prose poems from the book first appeared in The Paris Review, Virginia Quarterly Review, Poetry Now, and elsewhere.  Listed by Library Journal as one of the Best Small Press Publications of 1978.
The Art of the Knock: Stories (William Morrow and Company, 1985; Dzanc Books, 2014).  Short stories from this book first appeared in The New Yorker, The Washington Post Magazine, Carolina Quarterly, and Chicago Review, and subsequently appeared in the anthologies The Norton Book of Ghost Stories, edited by Brad Leithauser, and Contemporary American Short Stories (Germany), and were reprinted and/or translated in India and the Netherlands.  The Art of the Knock was listed as one of the Best New Works of Fiction for 1985 by the San Francisco Chronicle.
Parallel Worlds: An Anthropologist and a Writer Encounter Africa, co-authored with Alma Gottlieb (Crown Publishing Group/Random House, 1993, ).  Excerpts from this memoir originally appeared in Poets & Writers Magazine, Writer’s Digest, and The Cream City Review.  Winner of the 1993 Victor Turner Prize, Parallel Worlds has been taught internationally in over 200 colleges and universities.
How to Read an Unwritten Language (Scribner, 1995; Dzanc Books, 2014), a novel.  Nominated for the 1997 International Dublin Literary Award, and listed by the 1996 Magill’s Literary Annual as one of the 200 Outstanding Books of 1995, the novel also appeared on the Wordstock Bestseller list.  An excerpt from the novel appeared in Things (U.K.).  The paperback edition (Warner Books, 1996) was listed as a "New and Noteworthy” paperback by The New York Times Book Review.
Interior Design: Stories (Scribner, 1996; Dzanc Books, 2014).  Short stories from the collection originally appeared in Missouri Review, Fiction, The North American Review and Mid-American Review, among others.  The short story “Angel” was the winner of the 1992 William Peden Prize in Fiction from The Missouri Review, and was anthologized in The Year’s Best Fantasy and Horror, Tenth Annual Collection; the short story “Interior Design” is anthologized in Turning Life into Fiction, 2nd edition, by Robin Hemley.
The Moon Come to Earth: Dispatches from Lisbon (University of Chicago Press, 2009, ).  A travel memoir about a year spent living in Lisbon with his family, Graham's book collects and expands dispatches that originally appeared on the website of the literary magazine, McSweeneys.
Braided Worlds, a sequel to Parallel Worlds, co-authored with Alma Gottlieb (University of Chicago Press, 2012, ).  Excerpts from this memoir originally appeared in McSweeney's Internet Tendency; The Moon, Come to Earth: Dispatches from Lisbon; Mid-American Review; Being There: Learning to Live Cross-Culturally (edited by Melvin Konner and Sarah Davis); Anthropology and Humanism; and Bridges to Friendship (edited by Bruce Grindal and Frank Salamone).

Graham’s non-fiction has appeared in The New York Times, Chicago Tribune, The Washington Post, Things (U.K.), and In the Middle of the Middle West: Literary Nonfiction from the Heartland (edited by Becky Bradway).  His dispatches from Lisbon appeared regularly on the website of McSweeney’s.  He has written over 30 book reviews on contemporary fiction and non-fiction for the Chicago Tribune and The New Leader.  His essays on the craft of writing have appeared in Rules of Thumb: 73 Authors Reveal Their Fiction Writing Fixations (edited by Michael Martone and Susan Neville), Words Overflown by Stars (edited by David Jauss), Now Write! Nonfiction Writing Exercises from Today’s Best Writers and Teachers (edited by Sherry Ellis), and The Field Guide to Writing Flash Nonfiction, edited by Dinty W. Moore.

Forthcoming work
Graham is completing a novel, Invisible Country.  Chapter excerpts from this novel have appeared in recent years in Crab Orchard Review, Western Humanities Review, Hunger Mountain, Gargoyle Magazine, River Styx Magazine, and F Magazine.

External links
 Personal Website
 An excerpt from The Moon, Come to Earth

References

American male writers
1951 births
Living people


Ice Water (foaled 1963 in Ontario) was a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse.

Background
Ice Water was a bay mare owned and bred by George Gardiner. She was the daughter of Gardiner's unraced filly Seiches who was a daughter of the 1948 U.S. Triple Crown champion, Count Fleet. Ice Water's sire was Nearctic who also sired the most influential sire of the 20th Century, Northern Dancer. She was trained by future Hall of Fame trainer, Lou Cavalaris, Jr.,

Racing career
Racing at tracks in Toronto, at age two Ice Water won the important Natalma Stakes. At age three in 1966, she defeated her male counterparts in the Achievement Handicap, Toronto Cup Handicap, and the Nassau Stakes. Against females, Ice Water won the Wonder Where Stakes and the Belle Mahone Stakes. Although she ran second in the Canadian Oaks, she ended 1966 as the dominant filly in her country.

Ice Water raced and won at age four and five, notably winning her second and third consecutive runnings of the Belle Mahone Stakes.

Breeding record
She was retired to broodmare duty for the 1969 season at her owner's breeding farm where she had limited success.

References
 Ice Water's pedigree and partial racing stats
 Article on Gardiner Farms and Ice Water at the Jockey Club of Canada

1963 racehorse births
Thoroughbred family 13-c
Racehorses bred in Ontario
Racehorses trained in Canada


Hagström, Häggström, Hagstrom and Haggstrom are surnames of Swedish origin which may refer to:

Hagström
Albin Hagström (1905–1952), Swedish accordion manufacturer
Annika Hagström (born 1942), Swedish journalist, singer, and author
Emil Hagström (1893–1941), Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Olympics
Göte Hagström (1918–2014), Swedish athlete who competed mainly in the 3000 metre steeplechase
Johanna Hagström, (born 1998), Swedish cross-country skier
Mårten Hagström (born 1971), Swedish  musician
Peter Hagström (born 1967), Swedish former professional ice hockey player
Stig Hagström (1932–2011), Swedish professor emeritus in materials science and engineering at Stanford University
Sven Hagströmer (born 1943), Swedish businessman and co-founder of Hagströmer & Qviberg

Häggström
Johan Häggström, (born 1992), Swedish cross-country skier
Nils Häggström (1885–1974), Swedish modern pentathlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics
Peter Häggström (born 1976), Swedish athlete who competed in the long jump
Olle Häggström (born 1967), Swedish professor of mathematical statistics

Companies
Hagström, a Swedish manufacturer of musical instruments
Hagström H8, a mass-produced eight-stringed bass guitar
Hagström Jimmy, an archtop jazz guitar built by Hagström and Jimmy D'Aquisto
Hagström HJ-500 and Hagström HJ-600, reissues of the Hagström Jimmy
Hagström Swede Patch 2000, world's first guitar/synthesizer hybrid
Hagström Viking, Hagström's first semi-acoustic guitar
Hagstrom Map, a mapmaker specializing in the New York City metropolitan region

Other
 "Haggstrom", a song from the album Minecraft – Volume Alpha by C418

See also
Hagströmer & Qviberg, a Swedish finance and banking corporation

Swedish-language surnames


Tomasz Bajerski (born 9 September 1975 in Toruń, Poland) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from Poland.

Career
Bajerski rode in  the 2003 Speedway Grand Prix. He was won Team Polish Champion title in 2001 and Individual U-21 Polish Champion titles in 1993 and 1996.

Speedway Grand Prix results

Results

World Championships
 Individual World Championship (Speedway Grand Prix)
 2003 - 15th place (51 points)
 Individual U-21 World Championship
 1992 -  Pfaffenhofen - 11th place (6 points)
 1993 -  Pardubice - 7th place (8 points)
 1994 -  Elgane - 5th place (11 points)
 Team World Championship (Speedway World Cup)
 2003 -  Vojens - 4th place (6 points)

European Championships
 European Club Champions' Cup
 2002 -  Pardubice - Bronze medal (7 points)

Polish competitions
 Individual U-21 Polish Championship
 1993 -  Toruń - Polish Champion
 1996 -  Rzeszów - Polish Champion
 Team Polish Championship
 1992 - Bronze medal
 1993 - Bronze medal
 1994 - Bronze medal
 1995 - Runner-up
 1996 - Runner-up
 2000 - Bronze medal
 2001 - Polish Champion
 2003 - Runner-up
 Golden Helmet
 1995 -  Wrocław - Bronze medal
 1997 -  Wrocław - Runner-up
 Silver Helmet U-21
 1992 -  Grudziądz - Runner-up
 Bronze Helmet U-19
 1993 -  Tarnów - Runner-up

References

See also
 Poland national speedway team
 List of Speedway Grand Prix riders

Polish speedway riders
1975 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Toruń
Oxford Cheetahs riders


Cornelia Nixon (born March 25, 1947) is an American novelist, short-story writer, and teacher. She has lived much of her mature life in the San Francisco Bay area.

Early years and education
Cornelia Nixon was born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 25, 1947.
She attended the University of California, Irvine, where she earned a BA in English with a creative writing emphasis, having been influenced by the fiction of Albert Camus in high school and that of D. H. Lawrence in college. She received an MFA from San Francisco State University and a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley.

Career
Nixon taught at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, from 1981 to 2000, and then joined the faculty at Mills College, Oakland, California. She retired from teaching in 2016.

Nixon wrote two unpublished novels before becoming assistant professor at Indiana University. Her first published book was Lawrence's Leadership Politics and the Turn Against Women, a critical essay that examined what Nixon saw as the change in gender power dynamics between D. H. Lawrence's The Rainbow and Women in Love, a supposed sequel The Rainbow.

In 1991, Nixon wrote Now You See It, a novel in stories. It was very favorably reviewed by Michiko Kakutani in the New York Times, by Richard Locke in The Wall Street Journal, in The Chicago Tribune, and Entertainment Weekly. In 2000, Nixon's published Angels Go Naked, a collection of interrelated short stories that form a larger narrative. It was reviewed in The New York Times Book Review.

Nixon's novel Jarrettsville was released October 1, 2009, and was reviewed (unfavorably) in The New York Times, as well as (favorably) in The Washington Post, Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, and San Francisco Magazine. It won the Michael Shaara Prize for Excellence in Civil War Fiction, awarded by the Civil War Institute at Gettysburg College. In 2017 sociologist Clayton Childress published Under the Cover: The Creation, Production, and Reception of a Novel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016), which used Jarrettsville as its focus in tracing a novel from inspiration through publication and then reception by reviewers and readers.

Nixon's fourth novel and fifth book, "The Use of Fame," was published by Counterpoint Press in May 2017.  Nixon has also contributed to periodicals such as the New England Review, the Iowa Review and Ploughshares.

Personal life
She was married to poet Dean Young from 1983 to 2010. In 2015, she married her former teacher and mentor at UC-Irvine, Hazard Adams.

Awards
 The 2010 Michael Shaara Prize for Excellence in Civil War Fiction, awarded to her novel Jarrettsville''
 First Prize O. Henry Award 1995
 O. Henry Award 1993
 Nelson Algren Award, Chicago Tribune (1988)
 Carl Sandburg Award in Fiction (1991)
 National Endowment for the Arts (1992)
 Pushcart Prizes in 1995 and 2003
 Carnegie Fellowship to the Mary Ingraham Bunting Institute at Radcliffe 1986-87

Works
The Use of Fame, Counterpoint 2017

Angels Go Naked*: A Novel, publisher Counterpoint, Paperback released November 2010

Anthologies

Prize Stories 1995: The O. Henry Awards, First Prize Winner. Ed. William Abrahams, Doubleday, 1995.
Pushcart Prize XX: Best of the Small Presses (1995). Ed. Bill Henderson. Pushcart Press.

Modern American Bestsellers, Moscow (in Russian), 2002.
The Believer Book of Writers Talking to Writers. Ed. Vendela Vida. McSweeney's Press, 2007.

References

External links
 Cornelia Nixon at the Biography Resource Center
 Contributions by Cornelia Nixon at Ploughshares
 Cornelia Nixon at the Gale Virtual Reference Library

Living people
Indiana University faculty
University of California, Irvine alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
San Francisco State University alumni
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
O. Henry Award winners
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Novelists from Indiana
1947 births
American women academics


The Talloires Network of Engaged Universities is an international association of institutions which aims to foster higher education civic engagement. Its secretariat is based at Tufts University. The network began in September 2005 with a global conference involving 29 higher education heads from 23 countries who gathered at the Tufts University European Center in Talloires France. The Network has over 400 member institutions in 78 countries. The Network hosts conferences, produces publications on university civic engagement, provides financial and technical support to regional university networks, and awards the annual Ma net Media Prize for university student civic engagement initiatives. The Executive Director of the Talloires Network of Engaged Universities  is a Dr. Lorelene Hoy.

References

External links

International college and university associations and consortia
Tufts University


Oded Machnes (; born 8 June 1956) is an Israeli retired footballer who was a striker. He is the second-greatest goal-scorer in Israeli history with 196 goals in the Israeli Premier League.

Honours

National
Israeli Premier League (4):
1973–74, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1982–83
State Cup (1):
1977-78
Israeli Supercup (4):
1973-74, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1982-83

International
UEFA Intertoto Cup (3):
1978, 1980, 1983

Individual
Israeli Premier League – Top Goalscorer (4):
1975–76, 1978–79, 1981–82, 1982–83
Israeli Footballer of the Year (3):
1977-78, 1981–82, 1982–83

Personal life
Oded's twin brother Gad was a defender and both played together in Maccabi Netanya and in Maccabi Petah Tikva.

References

External links

 Oded Machnes at Kufsa.co.il

1956 births
Living people
Israeli Jews
Israeli men's footballers
Israel men's international footballers
Israeli twins
Maccabi Netanya F.C. players
Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. players
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. players
Hapoel Hadera F.C. players
Hapoel Tiberias F.C. players
Hapoel Tzafririm Holon F.C. players
Footballers from Netanya
Maccabi Netanya F.C. managers
Olympic footballers for Israel
Footballers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Men's association football forwards
Israeli football managers
Israeli Footballer of the Year recipients


Ernest Victor Wright (24 January 1909 – 4 March 1964) was an English-born footballer who played as an inside forward in the 1920s and 1930s, notably with Rotherham United and Liverpool. He was the son of William Wright and Patience Wootton of Bloxwich, and a first cousin to Aston Villa player Charlie Athersmith.

Career
Wright began his career with hometown club Bloxwich Strollers. In 1929, Wright signed for Bristol City. After a short spell at Bristol City, Wright signed for Rotherham United. In 1930, Wright joined Sheffield Wednesday, where he made two league appearances. A year later, Wright re-signed for Rotherham United, playing for the club for three years. On 14 March 1934, Wright signed for Liverpool. He made his debut against Birmingham on 17 March 1934. His last appearance came on 10 April 1937, and in all he scored 33 times in his 85 games for the club. Following his spell at Liverpool, Wright joined Plymouth Argyle for a transfer fee of £1,000. In 1938, Wright signed for Chelmsford City, playing in Chelmsford's debut season. In World War II, Wright guested for Millwall, Crystal Palace and Walsall.

References

1909 births
1964 deaths
People from Bloxwich
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall
Bloxwich Strollers F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Chelmsford City F.C. players
Millwall F.C. wartime guest players
Crystal Palace F.C. wartime guest players
Walsall F.C. wartime guest players
Men's association football inside forwards
English Football League players
English men's footballers


Associazione Calcio Milan is an Italian football club based in Milan, Lombardy. The club was founded in 1899 as Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club, and has competed in the Italian football league system since 1900. They were the first Italian club to qualify for the European Cup in 1955. Since then, the club has competed in every UEFA-organised competition, with the exception of the Intertoto Cup and the Europa Conference League.

The competition in which the club has had the most success is the European Cup/UEFA Champions League, which they won seven times, the first in 1963; this win made them the first Italian side to win the European Cup. The other six victories came in 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003 and 2007. The club has also won the Cup Winners' Cup twice, in 1968 and 1973; the Super Cup five times, in 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003 and 2007; and the Intercontinental Cup three times, in 1969, 1989 and 1990.

After their Champions League win in 2007, Milan also competed as UEFA's representatives at the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup, eventually winning the competition and thus becoming the first Italian and European side to win the trophy. They have also won the 1951 and 1956 Latin Cup and the 1982 Mitropa Cup.

History

1938–1961: European debut and first successes
The club's debut in European competitions occurred in the first round of the 1938 Mitropa Cup, when they lost 3–0 to FC Ripensia Timișoara. The following home win by 3–1 was not enough to reach the quarter finals.
The early 1950s marked the resurgence of Milan in both Italian (where they won their first scudetto in 44 years) and European soil, mainly thanks to the so-called Gre-No-Li, a trio of attacking players formed by Swedish footballers Gunnar Gren, Gunnar Nordahl and Nils Liedholm. The first appearance in a continental match in this new era took place in the 1951 semifinal match of the Latin Cup, where Milan defeated Atlético Madrid with a 4–1 score which allowed them to reach the final against Lille, won with a 5–0 score. This first European achievement was repeated five years later thanks to the victory in the 1956 Latin Cup final against Athletic Bilbao (3–1). Milan holds the record of most Latin Cup wins, with two (record shared with Real Madrid and Barcelona).

Milan first competed in the European cup in the 1955–56 season. The club's first match in European cup was a round-of-16 tie against Saarbrücken; Milan lost the home match 3–4. The return leg was played at the Ludwigspark Stadion in Saarbrücken, and the match finished as a 4–1 win for Milan, which allowed them to qualify for the next round. After eliminating Rapid Wien in the quarter-finals, Milan faced Real Madrid in the semi-finals. The first leg took Milan to the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, where they were defeated 4–2. Despite winning 2–1 in the second leg back at San Siro, they were eliminated from the competition.

The 1957–58 European Cup campaign saw Milan defeating Rapid Wien in the preliminary round, where a play-off was needed to determine the winner, Rangers in the first round, Borussia Dortmund in the quarter-finals and Manchester United in the semi-finals, eliminating the latter thanks to a convincing 4–0 win at San Siro. Milan met Real Madrid in the final at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels. Real Madrid were the favorites and came from two wins in the previous editions of the trophy, but Milan proved to be a tough opponent and the game was memorable. Milan led 1–0 and then 2–1 but were reached by Héctor Rial scoring the 2–2. The game went to the extra time and in the end Real Madrid prevailed with a final score of 3–2.

The late 1950s and early 1960s were also to be remembered for Milan's participation in some unrecognized competitions such as the Coppa dell'Amicizia and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. The former was a friendly competition between Italy and France, where clubs of each country faced each other in a two-legged tie format. The Italian representatives, included Milan, won the trophy in 1959, 1960 and 1961. In the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Milan did not achieve remarkable results.

1961–1974: Nereo Rocco's European and worldwide triumphs
In 1960, Milan secured a young talent from Alessandria, his name is Gianni Rivera. He immediately impressed the San Siro audience with his pure technique and went on to be the pillar of Milan's successes for two decades. One year later, Nereo Rocco was hired as manager of the club, bringing to Milan his experience on the Catenaccio approach, which he integrated with a good attacking phase, thanks also to new signings such as Dino Sani, José Altafini and Amarildo. Milan's Serie A title in 1961-62 granted them access to the European Cup the following season. Milan eliminated Union Luxembourg, Ipswich Town, Galatasaray and Dundee to reach the final with Benfica in Wembley, London. Thanks to a brace of José Altafini, the top-scorer of the tournament with 14 goals, Milan won the game 2–1 and lifted their first European Cup, first Italian club to achieve this result. This success allowed Milan to play the Intercontinental Cup against Santos. The first leg was played at the San Siro in Milan, on 16 October 1963. Milan won the home game 4–2. The return leg was held the following month, on 14 November, at the Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro. As Santos won the match 4–2, the two teams were level on points and a playoff had to be contested two days later. Santos won 1–0, thus securing the trophy. The final was remembered for suspected corruption attempts by Santos officials towards the referee of the return leg, Juan Brozzi, who handled the game in evident favour of the Brazilians, not punishing their excessive aggressiveness on the pitch, thus allowing them to overcome the 2–0 lead Milan had at the end of the half time. Moreover, the same referee was chosen for the play-off game, where he whistled the contested penalty that gave Santos the victory. In the aftermath, the referee was then sacked by the Argentine Football Association.

In the 1963–64 season, Milan was eliminated from the European Cup by Real Madrid in the quarter-finals. The following European appearance was in the 1967–68 European Cup Winners' Cup. Milan reached the final undefeated, where they met Hamburg, beaten 2–0. In 1968-69 Milan took part in the European Cup. They met primary opponents of the time, such as Celtic in the quarter-finals, and Manchester United in the semi-finals. Both teams were eliminated and in the final Milan faced a young Ajax team that few years later would go on to dominate international football. The match displayed remarkable performances by Pierino Prati, who scored a hat-trick, and Gianni Rivera, who dominated the midfield and gifted Prati with three assists. Hence, Milan faced Estudiantes in the Intercontinental Cup final. The tie became infamous for the violent on-pitch conduct and dirty tactics employed by Estudiantes' players in the second leg of the fixture. Milan won the first leg in San Siro with a 3–0 score. In the return leg, Estudiantes' 2–1 win was not enough, and Milan achieved their first Intercontinental Cup win.

The 1969-70 European Cup campaign was unsuccessful, and Milan was eliminated by Feyenoord in the second round. In 1971–72, Milan participated in the UEFA Cup for the first time and went on to reach the semi-finals, where they were eliminated by Tottenham Hotspur. Thanks to the Coppa Italia win in the same season, in 1972-73 Milan played in the Cup Winners' Cup for their second time. The path of the rossoneri to the final was steady and regular, with no defeats, and in the final act they met Leeds United. A goal from Luciano Chiarugi gave Milan the lead after just 4 minutes from the beginning of the match. The rest of the game was approached difensively by the club, and thanks to a remarkable performance of goalkeeper William Vecchi, Milan was able to retain the 1–0 lead until the end, securing the trophy. Milan took part to another Cup Winners' Cup the following season, reaching again the final, but being defeated by Magdeburg.

1974–1995: Decline and resurgence to European dominance under Berlusconi's ownership
The years that followed brought few results in European competitions. The best one was a quarter final in the 1975–76 UEFA Cup, with Milan being eliminated by Club Brugge. The European cup participation in 1979–80, thanks to the victory of the tenth scudetto in the previous season, ended prematurely, in the first round, due to a 1–0 home defeat to Porto. In the same season, Milan was involved in the Totonero scandal and was punished with the relegation to the second division. Milan had no troubles getting promoted to Serie A the following year, when they also won the Mitropa Cup, a trophy participated by the winners of European second division championships. However, in Serie A things were not progressing well, and the final third last place condemned Milan to their second relegation, followed by another promotion in the next season.

Milan struggled financially and on the pitch till the mid-1980s, and was on the brink of bankruptcy when media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi took over the club in February 1986, promising their supporters to bring Milan back to the old glory, both domestically and internationally. The first European campaigns of Berlusconi's Milan brought meager results, being eliminated in the third round of the 1985–86 UEFA Cup by Waregem and in the second round of the 1987–88 UEFA Cup by Espanyol. However, the formation of a revolutionizing team was on its way. A mix of young players such as Roberto Donadoni and affirmed stars as Carlo Ancelotti, Marco Van Basten and Ruud Gullit were added to an already solid base formed by the likes of Paolo Maldini and Franco Baresi. The mind behind this team was Arrigo Sacchi, a young and relatively inexperienced manager but with modern and courageous ideas that contrasted the defensive approach typical of Italian sides of the period. After some months of trial, where some players struggled to assimilate the highly intensive training techniques adopted by Sacchi, the team started to impose its fast-paced and high-pressing play to its opponents. The conquest of the scudetto in the 1987–88 season granted Milan access to the European Cup the following season, when they completed the team with the addition of Frank Rijkaard. After eliminating Levski Sofia in the first round, the next opponent was Red Star Belgrade. The return leg was surrounded by an aura of surrealism. The home team was leading 1-0 when a dense fog fell on the pitch, which lead to the referee suspending the game on the 57th minute. By the regulation of the time, a rematch would have to be played the following day. After an intense fight, which included a heavy injury for Donadoni, Milan won at the penalty shoot-out after the game ended 1–1. Milan went on defeating Werder Bremen in the quarter-finals, and met Real Madrid in the semi-finals. Contrary to the approach of Italian teams of the time, Sacchi's Milan went to Madrid with the intent of winning the game, and they nearly did so, with a dominating performance that granted them a 1–1 score. The return leg was the perfect game of Sacchi's formation, which outshined the opponents with a 5–0 victory. The final against Steaua București was won 4–0 with two braces of Gullit and Van Basten at the Camp Nou in Barcelona. Subsequently, Milan won the 1989 European Super Cup against Barcelona in a two-legged tie which saw the rossoneri drawing 1–1 in Spain and winning 1–0 at home. In the 1989 Intercontinental Cup the opponent was Atlético Nacional. The Colombians blocked successfully the Milan players and the game was resolved only at the 119th minute, in the extra time, with a free kick by Alberico Evani, which set the final score to 1–0 for the rossoneri.

The following season, Milan replicated the same three European achievements proving to be the best team of their time. In fact, they won another European Cup beating Benfica 1–0 and eliminating Real Madrid and Bayern Munich on the way to the final; they conquered the 1990 European Super Cup with a two-legged tie win against Sampdoria; finally, they beat Club Olimpia 3–0 in the 1990 Intercontinental Cup. After almost three years at high playing and training pace, the team suffered some fatigue in the 1990–91 season, when they could not repeat the European exploits of the previous spells. In the European Cup they were eliminated in the quarter finals by Marseille in odd circumstances. After a 1–1 in the first leg in San Siro, the French were in the lead 1–0 in the return leg when, at the 87th minute, the game was suspended as Milan refused to continue playing when some floodlights went off. In the aftermath, UEFA decided to punish such behavior by giving Marseille a 3–0 win and banning Milan from European competitions for the 1991–92 season.

Milan returned to the Champions League in 1992–93, with Fabio Capello as the new manager, who, in the previous season, had replaced Sacchi. With most of Sacchi's players still part of the team, the club reached the final winning every game and conceding only one goal. Marseille was the opponent and once again Milan had to surrender to them, losing the match 1–0. However, soon after Marseille's victory, allegations of match fixing were directed at them and their president Bernard Tapie. This involved a league game that took place six days before the final, where Marseille, it emerged, had fixed their title-clinching Division 1 game against Valenciennes so they could concentrate on the final against Milan. It is believed that Tapie bribed Valenciennes to lose so that Marseille would win the French league earlier, and above all that they would not injure the Marseille players before the final against Milan. The French club were banned from defending their European title in the 1993–94 season, and contesting the Super Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. Milan was therefore granted the right to compete in the latter two competitions. However, they lost both the Super Cup, against Parma, and the Intercontinental Cup, against São Paulo.

In 1993–94, the rossoneri tried the assault to the Champions League once again, and this time they were successful. They reached the final unbeaten, conceding only two goals in the whole competitions (a European Cup/Champions League record shared with Aston Villa). In the final, Milan defeated Barcelona with a clear 4–0 score. In the 1994–95 season they won the Super Cup thanks to a 0–0 draw at Highbury and a 2–0 win at San Siro, while the Intercontinental Cup proved again unsuccessful for Milan, which lost 2–0 against Vélez Sársfield. In the Champions League, Milan reached the final for the third consecutive year (a record shared with Real Madrid and Juventus), but lost 1–0 to Ajax thanks to a late goal of Patrick Kluivert. This final marked the end of an era of international dominance of the club, which lasted almost uninterruptedly from 1988 to 1995.

1995–2012: Ancelotti's triumphs at the dawn of the century
From the 1996–97 to 2000–01 seasons, Milan experienced a transition period, where many of the players that built the rossoneri'''s fortunes either left the club (Gullit, Donadoni and manager Fabio Capello) or retired (Baresi, Tassotti). A solid group of players still in their prime (Maldini, Costacurta, Boban) remained, thus securing a continuation of the legacy. However, with only one scudetto won in this time frame, the team needed some strengthening. It is between the summer transfer sessions of 1999 and 2001 that the club's management decided to make the most important investments to rebuild a winning team. Young and affirmed players joined Milan, such as Andriy Shevchenko, Gennaro Gattuso, Manuel Rui Costa, Filippo Inzaghi, Nelson Dida and Andrea Pirlo. In the first half of the 2001–02 season, after a series of unconvincing results, then coach Fatih Terim was sacked and replaced, after a small intermezzo of former Milan captain Cesare Maldini, by Carlo Ancelotti. In the same season, the club reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup, and got eliminated by Borussia Dortmund after a 4–0 loss in Germany and a 3–1 win at San Siro. In summer 2002 the team was strengthened further, with the arrival of Clarence Seedorf and Alessandro Nesta.

Milan participated in the 2002–03 Champions League having to start from the qualifying round, where they eliminated Slovan Liberec. In both the group stages, despite having to face good opponents such as Real Madrid and Bayern Munich, the club managed to achieve arithmetic qualification as first in the group after playing the first four matches of each group, and they lost only the four games which were not relevant for the final ranking. The team demonstrated a very solid mentality in addition to a pleasant play. In the quarter-finals, they met Ajax. After a 0–0 draw in the first leg in Amsterdam, the return match was thrilling. Milan gained the lead twice, but they were caught both times by the Dutch. On the 93rd minute, Inzaghi was the fastest to get to a wandering ball in the box, and with a quick move lobbed the goalkeeper; Jon Dahl Tomasson placed the ball into the net. In the semi-finals, Milan met their city rivals of Inter in a much anticipated game. The first leg was paralyzed by nerves and tension and ended with a 0–0 draw. The return leg was more openly played and the final score of 1–1 benefited Milan who went on to the final thanks to the rule of away goals. In the final, played at the Old Trafford, Milan met another Italian team, Juventus. The game ended with a goalless draw and the penalty kicks were necessary to determine the winner. Thanks to a great performance of goalkeeper Dida, who saved three penalties, and to Andriy Shevchenko, who scored the decisive one, Milan achieved their sixth Champions League title.

In the 2003–04 season, Milan was therefore granted the right to play in the UEFA Super Cup and in the Intercontinental Cups. In the UEFA Super Cup Milan faced UEFA Cup winners Porto and defeated them 1–0 thanks to a winning header of Shevchenko, assisted by Rui Costa. In the Intercontinental Cup, Milan didn't go beyond a 1–1 against South American champions Boca Juniors. The penalty shoot-outs were required again to determine the winner, but this time it was the turn of Milan opponents to clench the trophy. With the arrival of Kaká in summer 2003, Milan attack acquired even more explosivity, and the team seemed to have everything in place to reach another final. However, after a comfortable 4–1 win at San Siro, Milan was eliminated by Deportivo la Coruña in the second leg of the quarter-finals after a startling 4–0 defeat.

The 2004–05 season saw the addition of Jaap Stam and Hernán Crespo to further invigorate a team that entered the Champions League amongst the favorites. Milan qualified first in the group stage above Barcelona, beaten 1–0 at San Siro. In the round of 16, they eliminated Manchester United with a double 1–0 win, and in the quarter-finals Milan faced once again their city rivals of Inter. In the first leg, two headers from Stam and Shevchenko granted Milan the win. In the return leg, Milan was leading 1–0 thanks to a long-distance shot of the Ukrainian, when a disallowed Inter goal caused massive protests from the nerazzurri supporters, who started throwing flares on the pitch. One of them hit Milan goalkeeper Dida, who had to abandon the pitch, with the referee suspending the game. After a while, the game was restarted, but again flares fell on the pitch, to which the referee reacted by definitely suspending the game. Afterwards, Milan was awarded a 3–0 win which secured them a place in the semi-finals. There they met the revelation of the tournament, PSV Eindhoven. The Dutch proved to be a tough opponent, and Milan got the better of them only thanks to the rule of away goals, with a 91st-minute goal by Massimo Ambrosini in the return leg at the Philips Stadion. The final against Liverpool was one of the best football matches in the history of the sport. Milan gained the lead within the first minute with a goal from its captain Paolo Maldini. Milan went on to score two more goals before the half time whistle. In the second half, within six minutes, Liverpool scored three goals, thus levelling the score. Despite this big psychological set-back, Milan kept attacking and creating chances, but without scoring. The game went to the extra time. Shevchenko missed an incredible double chance, when both a header and the subsequent shot on the keeper's rebound were saved by Jerzy Dudek. At the penalty shoot-outs, three mistakes on Milan side gave the title to Liverpool.

The 2005–06 Champions League started well once again for Milan, who qualified as first team in the group stage, and in the round of 16 eliminated Bayern Munich with a 5–2 aggregate score. The quarter-finals against Olympique Lyonnais were more tight: after a 0–0 in France, Milan gained the lead only at the 88th minute to end the game with a 3–1 lead. However, the path of the rossoneri terminated in the semi-finals against Barcelona, condemned by a 1–0 defeat at San Siro and despite a contested disallowed goal from Shevchenko in the return leg, ended 0–0.

The 2006–07 Champions League campaign started from the qualifying round, with Milan beating Red Star Belgrade both home and away. After going through the group stage, the opponent in the round of 16 was Celtic. The game in Glasgow ended with a goalless draw. In Milan, the game was resolved in the rossoneri's favor only in the extra time, thanks to a trademark progression run by Kakà, who started from the midfield line and ended up with the Scottish keeper beaten inside the box. The quarter-finals against Bayern Munich displayed the pure talent of Clarence Seedorf, who, in the return leg in Germany, scored the opening goal with a precise shot from just inside the box and served a backheel assist to Inzaghi for the final 2–0 score. Manchester United was the adversary in the semi-finals.
After a thrilling game at Old Trafford, ended 3-2 for the red devils, the return leg was perfectly played by Milan who went quickly into a double advantage and blocked any attempt of British club to be dangerous. The final score was 3–0. The final against Liverpool gave Milan the chance to revenge the defeat of two years earlier. This time it was Milan turn to bring the trophy home, thanks to a brace from Inzaghi. The club went on to win also their fifth UEFA Super Cup, 3–1 against Sevilla, and their first Fifa Club's World Cup, 4–2 against Boca Juniors.

After several years at high level on both national and international fronts, Milan experienced a couple of less competitive seasons. In the 2007–08 Champions League they were eliminated in the round of 16 by Arsenal, and the following season they couldn't go beyond the round of 32 in the UEFA Cup, being eliminated by Werder Bremen. New signings of Robinho and Zlatan Ibrahimović, as well as Alexandre Pato and Ronaldinho, made Milan supporters hope for a new era of European successes, but that would not be the case. In 2009–10 and 2010–11 Milan was eliminated in the Champions League round of 16, and in 2011-12 they got defeated by Barcelona in the quarter-finals, after having eliminated Arsenal in the previous knockout round. This season saw the retirement and departure of many of the players on whom Milan built its successes, leaving behind a team that required a big strengthening to keep the same levels achieved in the previous decades.

 2012–present: Downturn and comeback under Pioli and new ownership

However, such investments would not come, and the team struggled for many seasons in the Serie A, and in European field did not achieve any remarkable results, being eliminated in the round of 16 both in 2012–13 and in 2013–14, by Barcelona and Atlético Madrid respectively. In 2014–15 and for the next two seasons, Milan did not take part into any European competition. In 2017–18, under a new ownership, Milan put in place several new signings, but despite those, results kept being scarce, including an elimination in the Europa League round of 16 by Arsenal. The next season, Milan did not even make it through the group stage of Europa League. The high expenses of the previous transfer market sessions and the big debts it generated, caused Milan to violate the rules of Financial Fair Play, and they willingly accepted the punishment of UEFA to not admit the club in the 2019–20 Europa League season, allowing them to extinguish all further investigations and start from scratch, thanks also to a new change of ownership.

The new management provided a more solid and forward-looking investment strategy, aimed at building a team of young players with big motivations, to be grown by few experienced players. It is in this perspective that the signing of Zlatan Ibrahimović had to be seen. The team, under the guide of manager Stefano Pioli, slowly reinstated its presence first in the Serie A and then in the Champions League. In fact, in 2021–22 Milan won its first scudetto in eleven years, and took part to the Champions League after seven seasons since the last time, even though they were eliminated in the group stage. The following season was more successful, and saw the club advancing to the knockout phase thanks to the second place in the group stage, behind Chelsea. In the round of 16 they eliminated Tottenham, as a result of a 1-0 home win followed by a goalless draw in London. In the quarter-finals Milan faced country-rivals Napoli, and went through again with a 1-0 win in San Siro and a 1-1 draw in the return match. In the semi-finals the Rossoneri met their city-rivals of Inter Milan, with the two clubs facing each other for the third time in European competitions. Unlike the previous two occurrences, this time the Nerazzurri prevailed, thanks to a double win (2-0 in the first leg and 1-0 in the second one). This was the most successful European campaign for AC Milan since the 2006–07 season.

 Matches AC Milan's score listed first.UEFA and FIFA competitions

Other international competitions

 Overall record

 By competition As of 25 October 2023. By club

Key

By countryAs of 25 October 2023.''

Key

UEFA coefficient rankings

UEFA club coefficient ranking

UEFA ranking since 2004

Football club Elo ranking

Football club Elo ranking since 2004

Honours

Footnotes

References

AC Milan
Milan


The Daily Calumet was a Chicago newspaper that existed from 1881 until 1987. It was at one time billed as "America's Oldest Daily Community Newspaper."

The Daily Calumet was located at 9120 S. Baltimore Ave., Chicago, in the South Chicago neighborhood on the city's Southeast Side. Depending on the delineation of ward boundaries, it was either in the 7th or 10th Ward.

It served the communities within the city of South Chicago, South Shore, Irondale/Slag Valley, South Deering, the East Side and Hegewisch as well as the neighboring suburbs of Calumet City and Burnham.

Affectionately known as "The Cal" to generations of readers, the newspaper covered only topics of local interest and it was not until its finals years that it used any wire service copy. In the early 1980s, The Daily Calumet subscribed to the United Press International service to augment the copy produced by its staff of reporters, photographers and correspondents. Reporting areas, or "beats" were divided into four areas of responsibility on The Daily Calumet.

The police beat, known internally as the "cops and courts" beat, was basically focused on news from the 4th District of the Chicago Police Department. The detective bureau covered by The Daily Calumet was Area 2, which comprised districts 3 (Grand Crossing), 4 (South Chicago) 6 (Gresham) and 22 (Morgan Park).

The most sensational police coverage done by The Daily Calumet concerned the 1966 murders of six student nurses by drifter Richard Speck. The women were killed in an apartment rented by South Chicago Community Hospital on East 100th Street. Photographers and reporters from The Daily Calumet were the first media on the scene and were allowed unparalleled access to the homicide scene. The newspaper also extensively reported and photographed the October 30, 1972 collision between two Illinois Central commuter trains, which originated from the IC's 91st Street station in South Chicago. The wreck, which killed 45 people and injured 332, remains the worst commuter rail crash in Chicago's history, and carried a number of victims from the newspaper's coverage area.

The labor beat, which covered both the unions and the businesses of the Southeast Side, concentrated heavily on the steel and auto industries that made up the bulk of the local manufacturing employers. Among the largest of these were the South Works of United States Steel, Republic (later LTV) Steel, Wisconsin Steel, the Chicago Assembly Plant of Ford Motor Company and related suppliers to the above industries. The most significant coverage on the labor beat was during the 1937 Memorial Day Massacre when Chicago police shot down several striking workers at the Republic Steel plant on Avenue O.

The education beat covered numerous parochial and public schools on the Southeast Side. The high schools covered by The Daily Calumet included Washington High School, Bowen High School, Hirsch High School and St. Francis De Sales High School operated by the Archdiocese of Chicago.

The political beat covered both the 7th Ward and 10th Ward organizations. As part of its coverage, the beat reporter would attend Chicago City Council meetings. The beat also covered the state house and senate districts within the Southeast Side area and the 2nd Congressional District of the U.S. House. Some of the most intense political reporting came during the administration of Chicago Mayor Harold Washington, whose primary nemesis on the council floor was Ald. Edward Vrdolyak, the 10th Ward alderman. Vrdolyak led the floor opposition to Washington during the stormy time known as "Council Wars," a play on words from the popular "Star Wars" films, when the Washington bloc found itself at odds and often outnumbered or outmaneuvered by Vrdolyak and his allies.

The environment beat was created during the turn of the 1980s, when Waste Management Corp. tried unsuccessfully to create a nature preserve in Burnham, Illinois, to mitigate a planned expansion of its CID Landfill near 130th Street and the Calumet (Bishop Ford) Expressway, and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency initiated legal actions against several small operating and closed landfills concentrated in a heavily industrialized area near Torrence Avenue.

In addition to these "beats," reporters were encouraged to produce enterprise stories on any neighborhood subject of their choice. The Daily Calumet also had a photo department with two full-time staffers and several stringers; two full-time sports personnel and a full-time Lifestyles editor and an assistant.

As the neighborhood demographics changed, The Daily Calumet added a Spanish language page known as "Fin de Semana" or "Weekend" which served the growing Latino market.

In approximately 1980, The Daily Calumet was sold by its owners, Panax Publishing Co., to a British-owned group from Liverpool. After several years, the British group sold the paper to Pulitzer, which owned The Daily Southtown newspaper which served Chicago's Southwest Side. After about two years of operation by Pulitzer, The Daily Calumet nameplate was phased out and replaced by The Daily Southtown, which opened a bureau in a building owned by The Daily Calumet in south suburban Lansing, Ill. at 18127 William St. The office was closed and The Daily Southtown effectively withdrew from the southeastern Chicago market when its product failed to catch on with the local population.

The Daily Calumet building at 9120 S. Baltimore Avenue in Chicago was donated to the South Chicago YMCA. After a structural analysis determined the building was not safe, it was razed to expand the YMCA parking area. The Lansing building was sold, was razed and is now the site of a medical building.

John Kass, a columnist who appeared daily on page 2 of the Chicago Tribune for decades,  got his start in journalism at The Daily Calumet.

Defunct newspapers published in Chicago
1881 establishments in Illinois
1987 disestablishments in Illinois


Cyril Duval (born December 31, 1977), who works under the name Item Idem, is a French conceptual artist, designer, and filmmaker. He lives and works in Taipei, Taiwan.

Biography

Duval was born in Paris, France, in 1977. His mother worked for the luxury goods manufacturer Hermès, while his father was an interior decorator. Duval studied for six years at the École nationale supérieure d'arts de Paris-Cergy, before moving to Tokyo in 2004.

Career

Duval's work encompasses conceptual art, film, sculpture, product design, and visual communication. His alter ego Item Idem (Latin for "the same"), operates as a brand for the artist, whose work often builds on top of existing fashion and retail brands. The New York Times reviewed one of Duval's performances as "Celine Dion at the Oscars channeling René Magritte," while the writer John Stones has described the artist's persona as "Austin Powers pretending to be Philippe Starck, art directed by Marcel Duchamp and scripted by Oscar Wilde."

Retail design and installations

In 2004, Duval was discovered by Sarah Andelman, the creative director of Colette. The Paris-based boutique teamed Duval up with the Japanese fashion label Comme des Garçons in Tokyo. His work began to incorporate interior design and conceptual installations. In 2004, Duval collaborated with other artists on a relational aesthetics-inspired, multidisciplinary space called Caniche Courage, and later transformed his three-story Shibuya residence into a living exhibition.

Duval initiated a series of staged retail and working environments, beginning with The Wrong Store (2006) in Paris, a collaboration with Tobi Wong conceived as an ersatz gift-shop counterpart to Maurizio Cattelan's Wrong Gallery. Back in Tokyo, he transformed the window display of a fashion boutique into a temporary work space titled The Wrong Office, which he followed up with The Wrong Motel.

Duval collaborated with Bernhard Willhelm on the German fashion designer's flagship store at the PARCO department store in Shibuya, Tokyo. The shop's re-use of cardboard, plastic, and rope materials was inspired by the resourcefulness of Japan's homeless communities.
The store won the Best Shop Concept for FRAME magazine's 2007 Great Indoors Award.

In 2009, Duval participated in the Cycles and Seasons fashion and art event in Moscow. In 2011, Duval was the first artist-in-residence at BLESS HOME, an apartment-cum-shop in Berlin, which became his temporary studio while serving as the art director for Bruce LaBruce's production of Pierrot Lunaire. In 2015, he built an installation as an interior for Airbnb's Art House for Art Basel Hong Kong.

Duval has worked with a number of art publications, including as the Fashion Director for Tokion (2005), Fashion Features Director for Modern Weekly China (2013), Special Projects coordinator for Flash Art (2006),
and as a collaborator with 032c, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, and LEAP Magazine. He has also worked on large-scale commercial projects for CELINE and Ford.

Exhibitions and collaborations

In 2007, Duval reconfigured CELINE's Tokyo store to host his exhibition Displaysthetics during DesignTide Tokyo. In 2008, he participated in Fredric Snitzer Gallery's show in Miami, Death by Basel, with an oversized Chanel logo in the style of McDonald's Golden Arches, as a comparison of the brands and their markets. For AA Bronson's School for Young Shaman's exhibition in New York, Duval fashioned a cape out of Louis Vuitton bags and melted car tires, which was an homage to Joseph Beuys.

For the exhibition Dysfashional at the Garage Museum in Moscow in 2010, Duval created a work titled Mount Blushmore, a crystal engraving which combined images of fashion icons Anna Wintour, Donatella Versace, John Galliano and Karl Lagerfeld. In 2014, Duval mounted his first solo exhibition at Johannes Vogt, New York, titled Voir Dire.

In 2016, Duval participated in the Work in Progress artist residency in Times Square, New York. That same year, he held an exhibition titled Method of Loci at The Breeder Gallery in Athens, Greece, and collaborated with Flash Art Special Projects in a special presentation at Paramount Ranch.

Duval has exhibited at the Centre Pompidou, the Garage Museum, MoMA PS1, and Palais de Tokyo. His work has been featured in 032c, Casa BRUTUS, FRAME, The New York Times, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Harper’s Bazaar Korea, and WWD.

Shanzhai Biennial

Duval is the co-founder of the artists collective Shanzhai Biennial with stylist Avena Gallagher and artist Babak Radboy. The collective describes itself as a "multinational brand posing as an art-project posing as an [sic] multinational brand posing as a biennial", "a pure brand unencumbered by products", in other words a "meta-brand". The name is meant to evoke a bi-annual art exhibition, but instead of taking a city as its namesake, it refers to the Shanzhai counterfeit consumer goods industry in China, and the intentionally incorrect appropriation of luxury brand names. Inspired by knockoff goods in Manhattan's Chinatown, the collective was initiated as a critique of the art and fashion industries, as well as a celebration of the ingenuity and humour of Shanzhai culture. The collective undertakes projects by invitation from cultural institutions or brands, and highlights the aspect of Shanzhai that M+ curator Aric Chen has called the "pop art of China".

As a precursor to the collective's projects, Duval curated a selection of Shanzhai objects in collaboration with DIS Magazine. The objects were photographed by Marco Roso for an exhibition titled Shanzhai Anxiety at Colette in 2011.

Shanzhai Biennial No. 1 was held during Beijing Design Week 2012. The artists created a fake fashion campaign photo-shoot based on the paintings of Chinese artist Yue Minjun, and installed a false store-front in Beijing's Chaochangdi village, complete with red carpet, rope lines, and a step and repeat press wall. The ad campaign also ran as an eight-page editorial in the Chinese lifestyle magazine Modern Weekly. When the New York Times mistook the project for "a high-concept fashion line" that hadn't yet produced a collection, the artists decided not to issue a correction.

Shanzhai Biennial No. 2 consisted of a video depicting the artist Wu Ting Ting dressed as a shampoo bottle and lip-syncing to a Chinese rendition of Sinéad O'Connor’s Nothing Compares 2 U, and was displayed on an LED curtain for MoMA PS1's ProBio exhibition in 2013.

The artists followed this up with Shanzhai Biennial No. 3 at Frieze London 2014, conceived as a branding exercise for the art fair. Working with a local luxury real-estate agency, the artists transformed a booth space into a model real-estate office ostensibly selling a £32 million London mansion, complete with a professional ad campaign, and trafficking in the Frieze brand with a fake luxury bag, and limited edition souvenirs.

Shanzhai Biennial has collaborated with the designer Telfar Clemens, the musician Fatima Al Qadiri, as well as TankTV and DIS Magazine, and has exhibited work at West Bund Art & Design, Centre Pompidou, and the New Museum.

Films

In 2013, Duval created the short film Joss with Chinese artist Cheng Ran, depicting paper funeral items resembling fashion accessories and commercial brands being destroyed by flames and fire crackers. The film has been screened at Palais de Tokyo (Paris), K11 Art Foundation Pop-up Space (Hong Kong), and Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei.

Duval's short film NUII premièred at the Bethlehem Baptist Church in Los Angeles in 2017. The film features corporate and political symbols being burnt in effigy. His experimental short film COLD SINGLE was filmed in Taitung, Taiwan, with Taiwanese director Mel Hsieh, inspired by his life in the country. The film was presented for the first time at ASIA NOW at the Paris Asian Art Fair in 2019, with its US première set for Frieze Los Angeles 2020 at the Paramount Theatre.

References

Living people
Artists from Paris
French conceptual artists
French designers
1977 births


A. Scott Loveless is an American academic who was a law professor at the J. Reuben Clark Law School at Brigham Young University (BYU) and served as the Executive Director of the World Family Policy Center, at the BYU Law School, until the Center's closure at the end of 2008.

Loveless has edited, with Thomas Holman, a three volume work entitled The Family in the New Millennium and authored one of the chapters in that set.

Loveless has also been involved in promoting California Proposition 8 (2008), writing multiple pieces in support of this measure.

Loveless received his JD from BYU in 1978, although he spent his last year of Law school at Georgetown University.  He also holds a Ph.D. in family studies from BYU which he earned in 2000.  Loveless also received his bachelor's degree from BYU.

For 20 years Loveless worked as an attorney and supervising attorney in the Office of the Solicitor of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

Loveless has been closely involved with Richard G. Wilkins in advocating the recognition of the family in international law.

Loveless has also written a review for the Utah Historical Quarterly of a book dealing with natural resource use issues, specifically the "Law of the [Colorado] River."

Loveless is a Latter-day Saint.  He is married to Cheri Anderson Loveless who was an Associate Editor of This People and later of Meridian Magazine.

Sources
Greenwood Press author listing
"Choosing Our Own Unhappiness in Meridian Magazine''
BYU faculty bio page
page listing all J. Reuben Clark law school faculty
Loveless's Curriculum Vita
BYU magazine article that mentions Loveless

Living people
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Brigham Young University faculty
Brigham Young University alumni
American legal scholars
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
J. Reuben Clark Law School alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Latter Day Saints from Washington, D.C.


Class 80 may refer to:

British Rail Class 80
DRG Class 80, a class of 39 German 0-6-0T steam locomotive
NIR Class 80, a diesel-electric multiple unit of the Northern Ireland Railways
New South Wales 80 class locomotive, an Australian diesel locomotive

See also
Type 80 (disambiguation)