The Tomasi–Kanade factorization is the seminal work by Carlo Tomasi and Takeo Kanade in the early 1990s.  It charted out an elegant and simple solution based on a SVD-based factorization scheme for analysing image measurements of a rigid object captured from different views using a weak perspective camera model. The crucial observation made by authors was that if all the measurements (i.e., image co-ordinates of all the points in all the views) are collected in a single matrix, the point trajectories will reside in a certain subspace. The dimension of the subspace in which the image data resides is a direct consequence of two factors:
 The type of camera that projects the scene (for example, affine or perspective)
 The nature of inspected object (for instance, rigid or non-rigid).

The low-dimensionality of the subspace is mirrored (captured) trivially as reduced rank of the measurement matrix.  This reduced rank of measurement matrix can be motivated from the fact that, the position of the projection of an object point on the image plane is constrained as the motion of each point is globally described by a precise geometric model.

Method
The rigid-body factorization introduced in provides a description of 3D structure of a rigid object in terms of a set of feature points extracted from salient image features. After tracking the points throughout all the images composing the temporal sequence, a set of trajectories is available. These trajectories are constrained globally at each frame by the rigid transformation which the shape is undergoing, i.e., trajectory of every point will have similar profile.

Let the location of a point j in a frame i be defined as pij = (xij, yij)T where xij and yij are horizontal and vertical image co-ordinates respectively .

A compact representation of the image measurements can be expressed by collecting all the non-homogeneous co-ordinates in a single matrix, called the observation matrix P such that

P is a 2F × N matrix, where F is the number of frames and N the number of feature points. Ideally, the observation matrix, should contain perfect information about the object being tracked. Unfortunately, in practice, most state-of-art trackers can only provide point tracks that are incomplete (due to occlusion) and inaccurate (due to sensor noise) if placed in an unstructured environment.

As mentioned earlier, the central premise behind the factorization approach is that a measurement matrix P is rank limited. Further, it is possible to factor P into two sub-matrices: a motion and a shape matrix, M and S of size 2F × r and N × r respectively.

The size and structure of S generally depends on the shape properties (for example whether it is rigid or non-rigid) and M depends both on the type of camera model we assume and the shape properties. The essence of factorization method is computing

The optimal r-rank approximation of P with respect to the Frobenius norm can be found out using a SVD-based scheme.

References

See also
 Structure from motion

Motion in computer vision
Japanese inventions


In 1908 the Royal Württemberg State Railways placed an order with the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen for a powerful passenger tank locomotive. Classified as the Württemberg T 5, this superheated engine was designed for duties on Württemberg's main and branch lines and had the very long fixed wheelbase of 4,000 mm in order to give the locomotive smooth riding qualities. By 1920 a total of 96 engines had been manufactured. In 1919, three examples had to be give to France; the remaining 93 were taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and 89 survived into the Deutsche Bundesbahn fleet. From 1959 they began to be retired. The last one was taken out of service in 1963 and was kept at Aulendorf as a museum engine until 1968. This last example was then scrapped as well.

The Württemberg T 5 proved itself very well and was occasionally even used to haul expresses on the Gäubahn between Immendingen and Stuttgart. No locomotives have been preserved.

See also
Royal Württemberg State Railways
List of Württemberg locomotives and railbuses

References

2-6-2T locomotives
T 5
Esslingen locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1910
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C1′ h2t locomotives
Passenger locomotives


Karen Maser is an American television writer and producer. She has worked extensively on the NBC medical drama ER and the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds.

Biography

Maser began her television career as a freelance writer. She wrote an episode of Cosby entitled "The Perfect Valentine" in 2000. She wrote an episode for the eleventh season of ER in 2005 entitled "You Are Here". She also contributed an episode to the twelfth season entitled "Out on a Limb".

She was hired as a staff writer for the thirteenth season of ER. As a permanent crew member she wrote two further episodes - "Tell Me No Secrets" and "Photographs and Memories". She returned as a story editor for the fourteenth season. She wrote three episodes personally - "In A Different Light", "Skye's The Limit", and "Truth Will Out". She was promoted to executive story editor part way through the fourteenth season. She joined the production team as a co-producer for the fifteenth and final season. She wrote the episode "Haunted".

In 2015, Maser was hired as a writer and co-executive producer at the start of the eleventh Season of Criminal Minds. She wrote two episodes for the eleventh season ("'Til Death Do Us Part" and "Drive") and she wrote three episodes for the twelfth Season ("Taboo", "Scarecrow" and "Alpha Male").

Filmography

Producer

Writer

Awards/Nominations
Maser won a 2008 Prism Award.

References

External links

American soap opera writers
American television producers
American women television producers
Living people
American women television writers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women soap opera writers
21st-century American women


Karl M. Baer (20 May 1885 – 26 June 1956) was a German-Israeli author, social worker, reformer, suffragist and Zionist.

Born intersex and assigned female at birth, he came out as a trans man in 1904 at the age of 21. In December 1906, he became the first transgender person to undergo sex reassignment surgery, and he became one of the first transgender people to gain full legal recognition of his gender identity by having a male birth certificate issued in January 1907. However, some researchers have disputed his label as a trans man, theorizing that he was intersex, and not transgender.

Baer wrote notes for sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld on his experiences growing up female while feeling inside that he was male. Together they developed these notes into the semi-fictional, semi-autobiographical Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren (Memoirs of a Man's Maiden Years) (1907) which was published under the pseudonym N.O. Body. The book "was immensely popular," being "adapted twice to film, in 1912 and 1919." Baer also gained the right to marry and did so in October 1907.

Despite him having undergone gender reaffirming surgery in 1906, exact records of the medical procedures he went through are unknown, as his medical records were burned in the 1930s Nazi book burning, that targeted Hirschfield studies specifically.

Life
Baer was born on 20 May 1885. He was intersex, having been born with hypospadias, a type of pseudohermaphroditism. His "unusually shaped genitals" caused Baer's family to raise him as a girl, although he was "hormonally and, in accordance with present-day knowledge, genetically male" as well as identifying with the male gender.

Personal life and activism

Baer studied political economy, sociology and pedagogy in Berlin and Hamburg, and became a social worker (Volkspflegerin) and confirmed suffragette. In May 1904 he was sent to Galicia under the auspices of the Hamburg chapter of the B'nai B'rith, to campaign against the trafficking of women from poor countries and for the rights of all women to education. Here, in Lemberg (now Lviv), Karl met the equally active Beile Halpern, who he was later to marry.

Baer's work included activism among local women. He encouraged them to campaign for kindergarten and school provision, which would allow women to hold jobs outside the home and reduce the financial hardship that prompted some to traffic their daughters or send them into service. Baer worked to oblige the authorities along established human trafficking paths to check ID documents and combat illegal movement. He also promoted the women's education movement, and became well known as a reformist throughout eastern Europe and Germany.

Baer had initially been sent to Galicia for two years; he returned to Germany after only one, having attracted censure for his male body language, argumentative style, and forceful advocacy of the cause. According to case notes by sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld of the Institute for Sexual Research, Baer then transitioned to his male identity and began living as a man. He was diagnosed as a "male pseudohermaphrodite" and underwent multi-stage rudimentary gender affirmation surgery in October 1906. After convalescence he was released from hospital in December 1906, with a medical certificate of his new gender. His new identity was confirmed by the courts in Arolsen (his birthplace) on 8 January 1907, with Berlin doctor Georg Merzbach acting as medical expert.

Karl Baer retained the middle initial "M", ostensibly stemming from his birth name, to connect him to his earlier publications under the name "M Baer". In later life he said the letter stood for "Max"; on his gravestone the middle name is given as "Meir". In October 1907 he married Beile Halpern; she died in March 1909, and he remarried, with Elza Max (1887–1947). From 1908 to 1911 Baer was an insurance sales agent; on 1 January 1911 he took up a post as Consul for Jewish Life in Berlin. In December 1920 he became director of the Berlin section of the loge B'nai B'rith, a post he held until the Section's forcible closure by the Gestapo on 19 April 1937. Baer was by then an important figure in Jewish society, and his influence on cultural life brought him into conflict with the Nazi administration. He was allowed to emigrate with his wife in June 1938 to Palestine, later to become Israel, where he worked between 1942 and 1950 as an insurance agent.

By 1950 he was going blind and had to give up his job. He lived in a throuple with his wife and his secretary, Gitla Fish, who moved to live with him and his wife.  He is buried in the Kiryat-Shaul cemetery in Tel Aviv under the name Karl Meir Baer.

Book and film

As part of his analysis and therapy, Baer wrote notes for Hirschfeld on his experiences growing up as a girl while feeling inside that he was male. He and Hirschfeld together worked up these notes into the semi-fictional, semi-autobiographical Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren, "Memoirs of a man's maiden years", published in 1907 under the pseudonym N.O. Body. Details of Baer's background were also changed to prevent readers identifying him from the text. Hirschfeld, a keen advocate of the notion of a 'third sex', to which anyone uncomfortable with gender norms or sexual dichotomy could attribute themselves, hoped the book would explain the dilemma that many intersexed children suffered when forced into a two-gender system. The book went through several reprints and translations, earning Baer a continuing income in later life. Later editions, especially those published after the First World War, were rewritten in light of shifts in social acceptance and to fulfil new social and political aims.

In 1919 Karl Grune adapted Baer's book into a fictional autobiography, and into the script for a silent film starring the German actress Erika Glässner (1890–1959) as "Nobody". No copy of the film seems to have survived the Nazi period and Second World War.

Historian and writer Hermann Simon, whose aunts and mother were friends of Baer and his wife, wrote a small book, Wer ist Nobody? ("Who is Nobody?") for inclusion in a 1993 print edition of Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren.

An English translation by Deborah Simon, based on a German post-war reprint, was published in 2005 under the name Memoirs of a Man's Maiden Years.

References

Further reading
 N.O. Body: Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren. Preamble by Rudolf Presber. epilogue by Dr. med. Magnus Hirschfeld. Reprint issued by Hermann Simon with extra commentary and closing discussion about "who was Nobody?" „Wer war N.O. Body?“ Berlin 1993: Ed. Hentrich (Original Berlin 1907: Riecke)
 M. Baer: "Mädchenhandel", in: Arena, herausgegeben von Rudolf Presber, 3. Jg. Heft 5, August 1908. S. 549–555.
 K. M. Baer-Berlin. "Über den Mädchenhandel", in: Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft Nr. 9, 1908. S. 513–528.
 Magnus Hirschfeld: "Drei Fälle von irrtümlicher Geschlechtsbestimmung", in: Medizinische Reform. Wochenschrift für soziale Medizin, Hygiene und Medizinalstatistik XV, 1906, 51. S. 614.
 Magnus Hirschfeld: Sexualpathologie. Ein Lehrbuch für Ärzte und Studierende. 2. Teil: Sexuelle Zwischenstufen: Das männliche Weib und der weibliche Mann. Bonn 1918. S. 44ff.
 Louis Maretzki: Geschichte des Ordens Bne Briss in Deutschland 1882–1907. Berlin 1907.

External links

 Gedenktafel für die Berliner Sektion von B'nai Brith
 Whose Body is it anyway? Hermaphrodites, Gays, and Jews in N. O. Body's Germany von Sander L. Gilman (engl.)

1885 births
1956 deaths
People from Bad Arolsen
People from the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Israeli novelists
German medical writers
Writers from Hesse
German suffragists
Israeli social workers
German Zionists
Intersex men
Male feminists
Jewish feminists
German male novelists
20th-century German novelists
Transfeminists
Israeli LGBT novelists
German LGBT novelists
Transgender Jews
Transgender male writers
20th-century German male writers
Transgender novelists
Israeli transgender people
German transgender people
German male non-fiction writers
Burials at Kiryat Shaul Cemetery
20th-century German women
Women civil rights activists


BlueFire Renewables (previously BlueFire Ethanol) is a biofuel company that produces a cellulose-to-ethanol solution using wood waste, agricultural residue and municipal waste. The company is headquartered in Irvine, California and is publicly traded in the U.S. on the OTC Bulletin Board under the ticker symbol "BFRE".

On August 17, 2010, BlueFire Ethanol Fuels rebranded itself as BlueFire Renewables.

Technology
BlueFire Ethanol employs what it calls a "concentrated acid hydrolysis" process of converting waste material to ethanol. The technology, developed by and licensed from Arkenol Fuels in Orange County, California, reduces waste material to minuscule dimensions, where it is combined with sulfuric acid. This releases lignin structures within the biomass, where the sugar and acid are separated. The sugar goes into a yeast-fermenting process that results in its conversion to ethanol.

Projects
In 2007, BlueFire Ethanol received US$40 million funding from the U.S. Department of Energy to construct a  per year cellulosic ethanol plant in Fulton, MS.

In 2008, the company unveiled plans to create a network of ethanol refineries located at landfills around the world. Under this plan, the landfill operators would receive US$6.00 per ton for the removal of their trash for processing into ethanol.

In 2009, Bluefire announced a teaming agreement with Solazyme, a renewable oil production company and leading algal synthetic biology company, that sugars produced through BlueFire's patented process will be used by Solazyme to produce various oils for fuel production.

In October 2014, BlueFire announced that it has received a Letter of Intent from The Export Import Bank of China (China EXIM) to provide up to $270 million in debt financing for its bio-energy project in Fulton, Mississippi. The Fulton, MS project will allow BlueFire to utilize green and wood wastes available in the region as feedstock for the ethanol plant that is designed to produce approximately 19-million gallons of ethanol per year.

References

http://articles.latimes.com/print/2009/apr/22/local/me-biofuels22

External links
New website
BlueFire Ethanol
Securities and Exchange Commission File - Bluefire Ethanol Fuels Inc - 10SB12G - On 12/13/06 - EX-3.1

Alcohol fuel producers


Municipal Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Curtea de Argeş, Romania. It serves mostly for football matches and had been the home ground of Internaţional Curtea de Argeş. The stadium holds up to 7,500 people.

 Recently, the field grass has been replaced.

Football venues in Romania
Curtea de Argeș


The Last Day of World War One is an episode in the 2008 season of the Television series Timewatch. The programme was a co-production between the Open University and the BBC and aired in November 2008 on BBC 2. The material is presented by Michael Palin who reveals that soldiers continued to be killed in battle for many hours after the Armistice had been signed. Palin recounts the personal stories of the last soldiers to die in the final days, hours and minutes of World War I.

The programme commences with a brief mention of Major General William M. Wright of the United States 89th Division who, according to Palin, sacrificed lives storming the town of Stenay simply so his troops could have a bath; "... that lunatic decision cost something like 300 casualties" according to American historical author Joseph E. Persico.

The German 1918 Spring Offensive was Germany's last attempt to force the British and French to capitulate before the expected arrival of overwhelming American forces. The gamble almost succeeded but the Allies first held and then, in July at the River Marne, pushed back the Germans. On 8 August, "The Black Day of the German Army", the British launched their counter-attack at Amiens. The Germans were forced back and would never recover. They had suffered extremely high casualties in their offensives; the Allied naval blockade was threatening starvation; revolution at home meant troops were fighting both the enemy and their own countrymen; and now American troops were arriving at the front at a rate of 300,000 each month.

Faced with disaster, the German government dispatched a civilian peace delegation under Matthias Erzberger. On 7 November, French soldiers on the front line near La Capelle witnessed the approach of several German cars bearing white flags. The delegation was escorted through the devastated French landscape via Guise and onto Homblières from where they were placed on a train. The train was routed through Tergnier to a gun siding by Rethondes in the forest of Compiègne and the personal train carriage of Marshal Ferdinand Foch, supreme commander of the Allied armies.

Foch was in no mood to compromise and greeted the delegation, "What do you want from me?". The Germans stated that they were there to negotiate an armistice. Foch replied that as far as he was concerned, there would be no negotiation – they were there to receive his terms. A meeting was arranged for the next day from whence the Germans would have 72 hours, from the 8th to 11th, to agree to Foch's terms; Erzberger suggested an immediate ceasefire but this was refused by Foch.

Foch conceded virtually nothing during the ensuing talks. Erzberger was required to telegraph the terms back to the Supreme Command and was told to accept any terms as the situation was so grave; the messages were uncoded and were read by the Allies. At 5:10 am on 11 November 1918, the two sides signed and the news was sent around the world that hostilities would cease at 11:00 am.

References

External links
 Timewatch: Last Day of World War One - OpenLearn from The Open University

Historical television series
British documentary films
Documentary films about World War I
Documentary television series about World War I
BBC television documentaries about history during the 20th Century


International relations between Armenia and India have been described as amicable. In 2022, it was reported that the two nations were exploring the possible of long-term military cooperation.

History

Early history
Armenians are believed to have traveled to India, when some Armenians joined the auxiliary elements of the forces under the command of Alexander the Great when he crossed Armenia en route to India. The earliest documented references to the mutual relationship of Armenians and Indians are found in Cyropaedia (Persian Expedition), an ancient Greek work by Xenophon (430 BC – 355 BC). These references indicate that several Armenians travelled to India, and they were well aware of land routes to reach India, as also the general and political geography, socio-cultural milieu, and economic life of the Indian subcontinent.

According to Zenob Glak, one of the first disciples of Gregory the Illuminator, the patron saint of Armenia, at least 7 Hindu cities were  established in Armenia sometime around 349 B.C. The institution of Nakharar was founded by Hindu Kings from even earlier. Zenob wrote that the colony was established by two Indian princes from Ujjain who had invaded Armenia. Under the Hindu rulers, the cities flourished until the dawn of Christianity in Armenia in 301 A.D.
The ruins of the Saint Karapet Monastery, now in Turkey,  stands at the site of the Hindu temples.
Literary evidence indicates the existence of Indian settlements in Armenia as early as 149 BC. The settlements were established in Taron, Greater Armenia (roughly corresponding to the Muş Province of present-day Turkey) by two Indian Princes, their families and retinue, on land provided by the then rulers of Armenia.

An archive directory (published 1956) in Delhi states that Armenian merchant-cum-diplomat Thomas of Cana arrived on the Malabar Coast in 780 AD using the overland route. Thomas was an affluent merchant dealing chiefly in spices and muslins. He was also instrumental in obtaining a decree, inscribed on a copperplate, from the Chera Dynasty, which conferred several commercial, social and religious privileges for the regional Saint Thomas Christians. In current local references, Thomas of Cana is known as Knayi Thomman or Kanaj Tomma, meaning "Thomas the merchant". Armenians had trade relations with several parts of India, and by the 7th century a few Armenian settlements had appeared in the present-day state of Kerala on the Malabar Coast. Armenians controlled a large part of the international trade of the area, particularly in precious stones and quality fabrics.

Medieval history
Mughal emperor Akbar (1556–1605), invited Armenians to settle in Agra in the 16th century, and by the middle of the 19th century, Agra had a sizeable Armenian population. Armenian traders visited Agra during the Mughal Empire. By an imperial decree, Armenian merchants were exempted from paying taxes on the merchandise imported and exported by them, and they were also allowed to move around in the areas of the Mughal Empire where entry of foreigners was otherwise prohibited. In 1562, an Armenian Church was constructed in Agra. From the 16th century onwards, the Armenians (mostly from Persia) formed an important trading community in Surat, the most active Indian port of that period, located on the western coast of India. The port city of Surat used to have regular sea borne to and fro traffic of  merchant vessels from Basra (in present-day Iraq) and Bandar Abbas (in present-day Iran). Armenians built two Churches and a cemetery in Surat. A tombstone in the city, dating back to 1579, bears Armenian inscriptions. The second Church was built in 1778 and was dedicated to Mary. An Armenian language manuscript written in 1678, currently preserved in Saltikov-Shchedrin Library, St. Petersburg, has an account of a permanent colony of Armenians in Surat. The Armenians settled in Chinsurah, near Calcutta, West Bengal, and in 1697 built a Church there. This is the second oldest Church in Bengal and is still in well preserved on account of the care of the Calcutta Armenian Church Committee. In 1712, the Armenian Church of Chennai was built and there was a significant Armenian community in Chennai with valuable contributions to the city. Most notable was Coja Petrus Uscan who built the Marmalong bridge as charity.

Modern history
Indian President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan visited the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic in September 1964, and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi visited in June 1976.

India recognized Armenia on 26 December 1991, three months after it declared independence from the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations between India and Armenia were established on 31 August 1992. India opened its embassy in Yerevan on 1 March 1999. Armenia, which had opened an honorary consulate in April 1994, established its embassy in New Delhi in October 1999.

Armenian Presidents Levon Ter-Petrosyan and Robert Kocharyan visited India in 1995 and 2003 respectively.

In 2019 after an interview with WION, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has stated that Armenia supports India in the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan.

Armenia signed an agreement to purchase four Swathi Weapon Locating Radars for US$40 million from India in March 2020. In September 2022, Armenia signed an agreement worth  to purchase four batteries of Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launchers, anti-tank rockets, and various types of ammunition from India.

Armenian community in India

Indian community in Armenia

The Indian community in Armenia is relatively small, with only a few hundred Indians residing in the country. Most of them are business people, entrepreneurs, or students. The community has been growing in recent years, with the opening of new Indian-owned businesses and the arrival of more Indian students.

The Embassy of India in Armenia provides support and assistance to the Indian community in the country. The embassy also organizes cultural events and celebrations, such as the Indian Independence Day and the Diwali festival.

The Indian community in Armenia is active in promoting Indian culture and heritage in the country. There are Indian cultural centers and associations in Armenia that organize events and activities to promote Indian music, dance, and cuisine, yoga.

The Indian government has been working to strengthen the ties between India and Armenia, particularly in the areas of trade, commerce, and investment. In recent years, there has been an increase in bilateral trade between the two countries, with India importing mainly textiles, spices, and precious stones from Armenia and exporting pharmaceuticals, machinery, and textiles to Armenia.

Overall, the Indian community in Armenia is small but growing, and it plays an important role in strengthening the ties between India and Armenia.

Armenian genocide

India has not recognised the Armenian genocide. However, during World War I, when India was under British colonial rule, the country found itself at war against the Ottoman Empire, the predecessor of Turkey. Many Armenians sought refuge in India, most notably in Calcutta. With the relations between India and Turkey worsened since the 2010s, mainly due to Turkey's open support for Pakistan, which also shares similar stance with Turkey, there has been growing call for recognition of the genocide in India. For the first time, under the Premiership of Narendra Modi, the Indian embassy in Armenia has mentioned the genocide and Indian ambassador Kishan Dan Dewal also paid respect to the victims of the genocide in 2021.

Diplomacy

Armenia
New Delhi (Embassy)

India
Yerevan (Embassy)

See also
 Armenian Church, Chennai
 Armenian Church of St. John the Baptist
 Armenian cemetery in Hyderabad
 Armenians in India
 Hinduism in Armenia
 India-Russia relations
 Pakistan-Armenia relations

References

India
Bilateral relations of India


The Golden Gate Villa is a Queen Anne style house built in 1891 in Santa Cruz, California. The house was designed by San Francisco architect Thomas J. Welsh for Major Frank McLaughlin, a mining engineer and California politician. Visitors to Golden Gate Villa included Theodore Roosevelt and Thomas Edison. In the 1940s the house was operated as a restaurant, the Palais Monte Carlo.  After passing through several owners, in 1963 the house was purchased by seafood magnate William W. Durney and his screenwriter wife Dorothy Kingsley, who sold it to the present owner. On July 24, 1975, the Golden Gate Villa was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places.

References

External links

The Golden Gate Villa by Susan Dormanen

Santa Cruz, California
History of Santa Cruz County, California
History of the Monterey Bay Area
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Santa Cruz County, California
Houses completed in 1891
Houses in Santa Cruz County, California
Queen Anne architecture in California
National Register of Historic Places in Santa Cruz County, California


William Gouge (1575–1653) was an English Puritan clergyman and author. He was a minister and preacher at St Ann Blackfriars for 45 years, from 1608, and a member of the Westminster Assembly from 1643.

Life
He was born in Stratford-le-Bow, Middlesex, and baptised on 6 November 1575. He was educated at Felsted, St. Paul's School, Eton College, and King's College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1598 and M.A. in 1601.

Before moving to London, he was a Fellow and lecturer at Cambridge, where he caused a near-riot by his advocacy of Ramism over the traditional methods of Aristotle. (This story about Gouge, who lectured on logic, is related in Wilbur Samuel Howell's Logic and Rhetoric in England 1500-1700 (1956) as an account from Samuel Clarke, and is not reliably dated.)

At Blackfriars, he was initially assistant to Stephen Egerton (c.1554-1622), taking over as lecturer.

He proposed an early dispensational scheme. He took an interest in Sir Henry Finch's Calling of the Jews, and published it under his own name; this led to a spell of imprisonment in 1621, since the publication displeased James I of England.

Already nearly 70 years old, he attended the Westminster Assembly regularly, and was made chairman in 1644 of the committee set up to draft the Westminster Confession. The other original members of the committee were John Arrowsmith, Cornelius Burges, Jeremiah Burroughs, Thomas Gataker, Thomas Goodwin, Joshua Hoyle, Thomas Temple, and Richard Vines He was appointed as an Assessor on 26 November 1647. He was appointed prolocutor of the Provincial Assembly of London on 3 May 1647.

Of Domesticall Duties and the family

Of Domesticall Duties (1622) was a popular and thorough text of its time discussing family life. It argued that the wife although above the children is below the husband and the father figure "is a king in his owne house", and was an important conduct book of its period, running to later editions. He considered adultery equally bad in both genders, and encouraged love matches.

Gouge himself was father to 13 children. His wife Elizabeth, née Calton, died shortly after the birth of the last of them. They had married in the early 17th century, in effect by arrangement, when Gouge was put under pressure by his family. Elizabeth had been brought up by the wife of an Essex minister, John Huckle, and was eulogised after her death.

Other writings
According to Ann Thompson, The Whole Armor of God (1616) illustrates the shift from "transcendent faith" in William Perkins and Samuel Ward, to "immanent faith" in a succeeding generation of Puritan writers.

In God's Three Arrows: Plague, Famine, Sword (1625 and 1631), he mentioned the idea that plague finds victims in poorer people, because they are more easily spared. They should not be allowed to flee affected areas, and nor should magistrates and the aged; but others may properly do so. In common with other Protestant theologians of the time, he supported the idea of holy war.

His massive Commentary on the Whole Epistle to the Hebrews appeared in 1655 in three volumes, replete with detail and sermon outlines. It was seen into print by his eldest son, Thomas Gouge (c.1605-1681), It was reprinted by James Nichol of Edinburgh in 1866.

Works
 The Whole Armor of God (1616)
 Of Domestical Duties (1622)
 A Guide to Goe to God: or, an Explanation of the Perfect Patterne of Prayer, the Lords prayer. (1626)
 The dignitie of chiualrie (1626) sermon to the Artillery Company of London
 A Short Catechism (1635)
 A Recovery from Apostacy (1639)
 The Sabbath's Sanctification (1641)
 The Saint's Support (1642) fast sermon in Parliament
 The Progress of Divine Providence (1645)
 Commentary on the Whole Epistle to the Hebrews (1655)

Family

Five of his uncles were noted Puritans: Laurence Chaderton and William Whitaker married sisters of his mother, while Nathaniel, Samuel and Ezekiel Culverwell were her brothers. His cousin, Mary Culverwell, married Ezekiel Cheever.

Notes

External links

1573 births
1653 deaths
17th-century English Anglican priests
Westminster Divines
People from Bow, London
16th-century English clergy
People educated at Felsted School
People educated at St Paul's School, London
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Clergy from London


Vanuatu Red Cross Society  was founded in 1992. It has its headquarters in Port Vila.

References

External links
Official website

Red Cross and Red Crescent national societies
Organizations established in 1992
1992 establishments in Vanuatu
Medical and health organisations based in Vanuatu


Lord's Island, which is one of the seven islands on Derwent Water in Keswick, Cumbria, England, got its name from the Earls of Derwentwater who used to live here. Not only was there a fine house on this island but it also had a drawbridge which was used to cross to the mainland.

The house, which was built in c.1450, gradually fell into a state of disrepair when the Earls moved away in c.1623. The stone from this dilapidated house was moved into Keswick and used to build the Moot Hall in 1695.

The last Earl, James Radclyffe, only managed to visit the area once, as having raised an army he decided to side with the Jacobites in 1714. He was, however, defeated at the Battle of Preston and beheaded in 1716.

References

Sources

External links
 Google Maps: image of island

Islands of the Lake District
Keswick, Cumbria


Bloemendaal railway station is located in Haarlem, on the border of Bloemendaal, the Netherlands. The station was opened on 1 May 1900 on the Haarlem–Uitgeest railway. The station has 2 platforms. The station building now serves as conference and meeting center.

Train services
As of 9 December 2018, the following services call at Bloemendaal:

National Rail

Bus services

External links
NS website
Dutch public transport travel planner
http://www.station-bloemendaal.nl

Railway stations in North Holland
Railway stations opened in 1900
Bloemendaal
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1900s


The Baden VI b was the first German tank locomotive with a 2-6-2 wheel arrangement. It was developed by the firm of Maffei for the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways in order to provide faster services on the Höllentalbahn. As a result, the first six batches were given a firebox sloping to the rear. One striking feature was also the connecting pipe between the two steam domes.

After the first delivery of 15 examples from Maffei, the remaining batches, 2 to 11, were produced by the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe. The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over 164 engines. Between 1935 and 1937, five locomotives were sold to the Kreis Oldenburger Eisenbahn; they returned to the Reichsbahn in August 1941 when the KOE was nationalised, and the locomotives regained their former DRG numbers.

Most of the Reichsbahn fleet survived World War II. The Deutsche Bundesbahn ended up with 117 vehicles. Their retirement from the DB began in 1957 and was completed when 75 299 was withdrawn in 1962. The Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany took its engines out of service between 1955 and 1965.

Within this class there were differences between the eleven individual batches in terms of overall length, weight, the height of the boiler axis above the rails and the shape of the water tanks.

None of this class is known to have been preserved.

See also
Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway
List of Baden locomotives and railbuses

Notes

References

Further reading

Railway locomotives introduced in 1900
2-6-2T locomotives
06 b
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Maffei locomotives
1′C1′ n2t locomotives
Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe locomotives
Passenger locomotives


The 1958 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957–58. Schalke 04 were crowned champions for a seventh time after a group stage and a final.

It was the club's first title since 1942 and also its last, as of present. It was won in impressive fashion, Schalke winning all its four finals games, scoring 19 goals and conceding only one; a reminder of how the club dominated German football in the 1930s and early 1940s. On the strength of this title, Schalke participated in the 1958–59 European Cup, where it was knocked out in the quarter-finals by Atlético Madrid.

For Hamburg, it was the second lost final in a row, having lost 4–1 in 1957 to Borussia Dortmund and having to wait another two seasons for its first title since 1928.

The format used to determine the German champion was the same as in the 1957 season. Nine clubs qualified for the tournament, with the runners-up of West and Southwest having to play a qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a single round in two groups of four, with the two group winners entering the final.

Qualified teams
The teams qualified through the 1957–58 Oberliga season:

Competition

Qualifying round

Replay

Group 1

Group 2

Final

References

Sources
 kicker Allmanach 1990, by kicker, page 164 & 177 - German championship 1958

External links
 German Championship 1957-58 at Weltfussball.de
 Germany - Championship 1957-58 at RSSSF.com
 German championship 1958 at Fussballdaten.de

1958
1


Foreign relations exist between Armenia and Portugal. Neither country has a resident ambassador. Armenia is represented in Portugal through its embassy in Rome (Italy).  Portugal is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow. In addition Portugal is represented in Armenia through its honorary consulate on Nalbandyan street in Yerevan. The consul is Mr. Samuel Samuelyan.

Portugal, formally recognized the independence of the Democratic Republic of Armenia on 10 August 1920 "and entered into a solemn compact not only to respect, but to preserve as against external aggression, the territorial integrity and political independence of Armenia..."

Expatriates
One of the most notable Armenians who resided in Portugal was Calouste Gulbenkian. He was a wealthy Armenian businessman and philanthropist, who made Lisbon the headquarters for his businesses. He established an international charity, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, in Lisbon. He also founded the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon.

Political and economic relations
Armenian Foreign Minister Vardan Oskanyan visited Lisbon in November 2000 and met with Portuguese President Jorge Sampaio, and Foreign Minister Jaime Gama. On 10 July 2001, President Robert Kocharyan said that Armenia attached major importance to the development of relations with Portugal. Armenian Foreign Minister Vardan Oskanyan met a Portuguese delegation, on 11 July 2001, with a view to improving bilateral economic relations. The Speaker of the Portuguese parliament, João Bosco Mota Amaral, discussed on 19 June 2002, with the Armenian ambassador, the development and strengthening of Armenian-Portuguese interparliamentary relations.

Armenian genocide recognition
Portugal recognized the Armenian genocide in 2019.

See also
 Armenia–EU relations
 Armenians in Portugal
 Foreign relations of Armenia
 Foreign relations of Portugal
 Recognition of the Armenian genocide

References

External links
 Armenian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of Armenians embassies around the world

Portugal
Bilateral relations of Portugal


Driehuis railway station is located in Driehuis, the Netherlands. The station opened on 29 September 1957 on the Haarlem–Uitgeest railway. The station has 2 platforms.

Train services
As of 9 December 2018, the following services call at Driehuis:

National rail

Bus services
The nearest busstation to Driehuis railway station is Driehuis v.d. Vondellaan.

External links
NS website
Dutch public transport travel planner

Railway stations in North Holland
Railway stations opened in 1957
Velsen
1957 establishments in the Netherlands
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1950s


Iraqi Airways Company, operating as Iraqi Airways is the national carrier of Iraq, headquartered in Baghdad One of the oldest airlines in the Middle East, Iraqi Airways operates 5 domestic and 10 international routes in Africa, Asia and Europe since having resumed operations in 2003, 7 others were suspended in between. The airline was said to have ceased operations on 26 May 2010, partly due to claims for compensation from Kuwait arising out of the Gulf War, but continues to operate domestic and regional routes till today.

Iraqi Airways was founded in 1945 and is a member of the Arab Air Carriers' Organization. They operated the first flight on 29 January 1946, ever since they expanded into a global airline covering a wide network of destinations in Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America prior to the 1980–88 Iran–Iraq War as well as the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, ensuing sanctions brought the airline's services to a halt, random charters for Hajj were operated in defiance during the 90s.

The destination list shows airports that are served by Iraqi Airways as part of its regular scheduled passenger services. The list includes the city and country name; the airport codes of the International Air Transport Association (IATA airport code) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO airport code); the airport name; additionally, there are labels for airports that are the airline's base and terminated stations

List

Note - Iraqi Airways also served Lydda in British Mandate Palestine up until early May 1948.

References

Iraqi Airways
Lists of airline destinations


Heemskerk railway station is located in Heemskerk, Netherlands. The station opened 1 June 1969 on the Haarlem–Uitgeest railway. The station has 2 platforms.

Train services
, the following services call at Heemskerk:
2× per hour local service (sprinter) Hoorn - Alkmaar - Uitgeest - Haarlem - Amsterdam

External links
NS website
Dutch public transport travel planner

Railway stations in North Holland
Railway stations opened in 1969
Heemskerk
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1960s


The Indian Military Nursing Services is  a part of Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) of the Indian Army, first formed under British rule in 1888. An officer in the Military Nursing Services is granted Permanent Commission or Short Service Commission by a Govt Gazette Notification. The list of names are published in the weekly gazette of Government of India from time to time.

History

First World War
The Indian Army Military Nursing Service has its origin in the Army Nursing Service formed in 1888 as part of the British Army. The force went through many changes in its years of existence.  In 1893, it was designated as Indian Army Nursing Service. The force went through further changes in 1902, when the Indian Nursing Service and the Army Nursing Service were combined and on 27 March 1902, it was redesignated to Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service. At the outbreak of the World War in 1914 there were just fewer than 300 nurses in the QAIMNS, by the end of the war this had raised to 10,404. The Army nurses served in Flanders, the Mediterranean, the Balkans, the Middle East and onboard hospital ships. Of the 200 plus army nurses died on active service, many were Indians. After, the war on 1 October 1926, the Nursing Services was made a permanent part of British Indian Army. This date is now being celebrated as the Corps day of Military Nursing Service, though in actual its origins occurred 45 five years before (many Corps of the Army) the Army Medical Corps  also traces its origin to more than hundreds of years back in the similar way, though it was constituted in the present form in 1948.

Second World War
With the outbreak of the Second world war, nurses once again found themselves serving all over the world, including Singapore, Burma, Italy, Mesopotamia, Ceylon, Egypt and Western Africa. The changing working conditions and wartime shortages led to changes in uniform. Khaki slacks and battledress blouses replaced the grey and scarlet ward dress and rank insignia was adopted to signify the officer status of the nurses. In the Far East, the fall of Hong Kong and Singapore led to many army nurses (including Indian) being captured by the Japanese and endured terrible hardships and deprivations of the Far East prisoner-of-war camps. During the middle of the war in 1943, the Indian arm of the Nursing Services was separated through Indian Military Nursing Service Ordinance, 1943 and redesignated, thereby constituting the Indian Military Nursing Service (IMNS). The IMNS was an auxiliary subject to the provisions of the Indian Army Act, 1911. However they were of commissioned officers ranking equally with Indian commissioned officers. This was the first time in the history of the Indian Army women were granted commissioned officer ranks.

Post Independence
After the independence in 1950, the Government of India constituted the Military Nursing Service (MNS) by issuing Army Instruction 274/50, to set the terms and conditions of service for the grant of regular commissions in the MNS forming part of the regular Army, subject to the Army Act, 1950. The IMNS stood subsumed in the MNS as on 12 August 1950, and the auxiliary force called IMNS formally cease to exist. The MNS was constituted as an all women, all officer Corps of the Indian Army, and it remains so. On 23 November 1954 the Central Government made the Army Rules, 1954 and brought  MNS under the Army Rules along with every other Corps/ Service of the regular Army. Subsequently, on 3 January 1959, through Army Instruction 4/59, the Government of India re-designated the rank of the officers in the MNS to conform to the nomenclature used by the other officers of the regular Army. After having re-designated the rank in the MNS by the Government, the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) through Army Order 501/63 laid down that the MNS Officers are required to salute and are entitled to salutes in the manner as other Commissioned Officers of the Army. The COAS further issued Army Order 120/73; and laid down the order of precedence of the Arms/ Services and Units of the Army including the MNS. On 15 March 1982 the COAS  had cancelled the earlier Army Order 120/73 and issued Army Order 11/82 laid down the order of precedence of the Arms/ Services and Units of the Army including the MNS and the on the subject with some further additions of newly raised Corps, which is valid even today.

On 5 December 1986, the Government of India issued the Defence Service Regulations, Regulations for the Army, 1987 for the administration of the regular Army. The said regulations addresses the MNS as a Corps/Service, and stated that officers in the MNS are Army Officers and will rank equally with male officers of the same titular rank, and on 5 December 1993, the Government of India amended the Army Rules 1954 and inserted the Rule 16A dealing with the retirement of officers of the regular Army from all Corps/ Services including the MNS.

Now, the Military Nursing Service is an integral part of the Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS). The AFMS consists of Army Medical Corps (AMC), Army Dental Corps (ADC) and the Military Nursing Service (MNS). The AFMS personnel serve in the medical establishments of Army, Navy and Air Force. The women officers in the MNS were treated as under dogs since the inception of AFMS in 1948 (the AMC and AD Corps are more or less equally positioned). After independence, the Officers of MNS have not only served in India but have also played a role in United Nations peace keeping missions abroad in UN missions to Lebanon, Cambodia, Somalia and scores of other Nations. Many of such missions are still active.

Rank structure

The various ranks of the Military Nursing Service are listed below in descending order: Commissioned Officers
Major General
Brigadier
Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel
Major
Captain
Lieutenant

Presently there are no personnel equivalent to JCOs/OR  in the  Military Nursing Service. Other para-medical personnel such as Nursing Assistants and Ambulance Assistants are part of Army Medical Corps.

See also

AIM:The aim of Military Nursing Service is to provide medical care to the hospitalized soldiers and their dependents in peace and field locations and to take care of their health.

References

External links
Official website

Administrative corps of the Indian Army
Army medical administrative corps
Military units and formations established in 1950


Regency Square Mall is an enclosed shopping mall in the Arlington area of Jacksonville, Florida, United States. Opened in 1967 and once one of the most successful malls in the country, the mall now features around 20 stores, including one anchor store, Dillard's Clearance Center, Impact Church, and a food court. It is owned by Namdar Realty Group and Mason Asset Management.

History
Regency Square Mall was a $12 million project of Regency Centers, constructed at an expanse of sand dunes. It initially featured three anchor stores: national chain JCPenney, along with May-Cohens and Furchgotts. The mall also included a Woolworth dime store as a junior anchor, as well as a cafeteria-style Piccadilly restaurant. In out parcels, the single-screen (later twinned) Regency Cinema opened on the northeast corner of the property, and Annie Tiques bar and restaurant opened on the southwest corner.

1970s
According to an Urban Land Institute study published by the Florida Times-Union in 1979, it was one of the most profitable retail centers in the nation, with yearly average sales of $156/ft² versus a national average of $88/ft². To give back to the community, the mall operators turned over thousands of dollars in coins from their decorative fountains to charities. All types of social events, from art, shows to science fairs to horticultural exhibits were held there.

1980s
In 1981, a $30 million major expansion nearly doubled the size of the mall, adding Sears and a relocated Ivey's. The former Ivey's became Furchgott's, and the existing May-Cohens was also enlarged. As a result of this expansion, the mall comprised two separate segments: the original mall between JCPenney and May-Cohens, and the new segment between May-Cohens and Sears. Furchgott's was closed in 1985 when the chain merged with Stein Mart. Unlike the other Furchgott's stores, the one at Regency Square did not become a Stein Mart, as the mall management considered the chain too low-end for the mall. A food court and a six-screen AMC theater was added midway along the east wing. The southwest outparcel was removed to make room for the expansion, requiring Annie Tiques to open a new location years later at the Jacksonville Landing when it opened in 1987. May Cohen’s briefly operated as May Florida before being converted to Baton Rouge-based Maison Blanche in July 1988.

1990s

In 1990, the Regency Twin theater on the northeast corner of the property closed, and Picadilly's Cafeteria moved from inside the mall to the new structure they built in its place.

In 1991, Regency Group sold the property to General Growth Properties of Chicago for $71.8 million.

 In early 1992, Maison Blanche was sold to Mobile-based Gayfer's via Mercantile Stores.

Dillard's, who had rebranded the Ivey's store in June 1990, built a new location onto the West Wing, which opened -along with  of new inline store space- also in 1992. This was likewise done at The Avenues Mall a year before. The mall's Woolworth closed in July 1997. Ivey's former store became Montgomery Ward.

While Dillard’s purchased Gayfer's parent company in late 1998, both stores overlapped in this market, so this store instead became Belk. As a result, they opened in Jacksonville for the first time, and the store was in the process of a second expansion when the nameplate was converted. The mall also underwent a $30 million renovation in 1998, which comprised the addition of a new, 24-screen AMC movie complex on the northwest corner of the property to replace the existing six-screen theater inside the mall. A substation of the Jacksonville Sheriff's office was also added, as was a food court. Old Navy also came to the mall in the late 1990s.

Regency announced formal conduct and dress codes in 1999 to deal with offensive or intimidating behavior and gang activity. Because the mall is private property, management has the right to ask individuals not in compliance to leave the premises.

2000s
Montgomery Ward closed in 2001, and Burdines expressed interest in moving into the vacated building. Starting in 2003, General Growth began talking with other retailers, such as Kohl's (which did not operate any stores in Florida at the time) to fill the space vacated by Montgomery Ward. In 2006, HomeWorks Furniture opened occupying the ground floor of the former Montgomery Ward space, but HomeWorks would close in December 2009 cititing low sales.

Since 2000, crime has become a major issue at Regency Square, and the perception of the area as crime-ridden hurt the mall.  Over 1,000 incidents were reported in 2004, the highest ever. Between September 2007 and September 2008, 650 unlawful acts were documented by the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office, more than the combined total of crimes at Jacksonville's other two major retail centers, The Avenues Mall and St. Johns Town Center. On January 26, 2008, a suspect was killed by an off-duty policeman who was called to pursue a fleeing man who had stolen a pair of jeans from the mall's Belk store. The shoplifter shot the officer four times before being fatally wounded himself.

2010s
In September 2014, Belk announced that their Regency store would close upon the completion of a new store off-mall and closed their doors for good on February 17, 2015.

On April 21, 2016,  Sears announced that its store would also be closing as part of a plan to close 78 stores nationwide. The store would close for good on July 17, 2016. The back-to-back closures of Sears and Belk left Dillard's Clearance Center and JCPenney as the only anchors at Regency Square.

In 2017, International Decor Outlet sued mall owners Namdar and Mason citing an instance where mall ownership ignored tenant complaints about a leaking roof and chose to paint over the water stains to hide them from view, which allowed for the growth of mold.  Other lawsuits from tenants alleged that the mall's air conditioning is often broken and that roaches are allowed to freely roam the property.

On June 4, 2020, JCPenney announced that they would be closing in October 2020 as part of a plan to close 154 stores nationwide. The departure of JCPenney on October 18, 2020 left Dillard's Clearance Center as the mall's sole anchor.

In November of 2022 Regency Square Mall was given a warning citation from the City of Jacksonville’s Municipal Code Compliance Division. The citation was given to the property owner, citing various commercial violations in the common areas, including a roof leak, interior ceiling damage, exposed wiring and flooring.

Some of the last remaining tenants at the mall include Auntie Anne's, Bath & Body Works, Jimmy Jazz, and LensCrafters.

Future
In the 2010 Arlington vision plan, citizens recognized the Regency Square Mall property as being ripe for redevelopment, with the potential to attract new businesses and consumers. The comprehensive report covered environmental, economic, and quality of life issues in the Greater Arlington region. The group's approach to the mall property was to redevelop the land with transportation and density in mind. The approach would entail mix-used structures, a gridded street pattern, and infill development. Emphasis is put on the vastness of the area and its equitable size to downtown.

Just as customers shifted from stores in the city center to Regency when it opened in 1967, the mall lost business with the opening of the Avenues mall in 1990, St. Johns Town Center in 2005, and River City Marketplace in 2006. At the end of 2011, Regency's occupancy rate was just over 74%, but two years later, it had dropped below 38%. In August 2013, General Growth Properties put the mall up for sale. It was marketed as a "turn-key" power center redevelopment opportunity.

In February 2014, a press release announced the sale of Regency Square for $13 million to a pair of businesses from Great Neck, New York: Mason Asset Management and Namdar Realty Group.

In the summer of 2016, International Decor Outlet (IDO) was expected to open up to 80 storefronts in Regency Square Mall. This news came after the announcement that locally based Impact Church will take over the former Belk location as well. By mid-2017, IDO had been unable to fulfill expectations and was embroiled in lawsuits. With the departure of an original tenant, JCPenney, in 2020, the mall was considered abandoned. As of 2021, Regency Square Mall is the home of Impact Church and its private school.

Anchors & major retailers
The largest retail space was occupied by Sears with 216,711 sq. ft before the company closed its store in 2016. Three department stores are similarly sized, with former Belk (which closed down its store and became Impact Church) at 188,827 sq. ft., Dillard's Clearance Center in a 182,444 sq. ft. building but only occupying half of that and original anchor JCPenney occupying 176,019 sq. ft. before the store closed. As of 2012, there was one vacant anchor space of 115,000 sq. ft., originally home to
Montgomery Ward and later, Homeworks Furniture and later a car museum that closed as well. Smaller tenants included Champs Sports/World Foot Locker (37,505 sq. ft.) and Lunar Mini Golf utilizing 24,440 sq. ft.
Dillard’s owns its respective store building and parking lot and Sears also did before it closed down, with the remainder belonging to Namdar Realty Group and Mason Asset Management.

References

External links
Official website

Buildings and structures in Jacksonville, Florida
Shopping malls established in 1967
Shopping malls in Florida
Tourist attractions in Jacksonville, Florida
Arlington, Jacksonville
1967 establishments in Florida
Namdar Realty Group


Aston Cantlow Halt railway station is a disused railway station half a mile north of the village of Aston Cantlow, Warwickshire, England. The platform was  long by  wide and composed of wooden railway sleepers. There was a corrugated iron waiting hut with a wooden bench inside. Although there was no goods yard or sidings the station was lit by lights tended by the station master from Great Alne.

History
The station, opened in 1922, was located on Great Western Railway's Bearley to Alcester line. Although the line itself was opened many years earlier in 1876 it wasn't until after the First World War that residents demands were met at Aston Cantlow. It stayed part of the GWR following the Grouping of 1923.

The station then closed under this management just before the Second World War due to wartime economy. It was reopened in 1941 but was rarely used and finally closed for good in 1944. After the track was taken up the station site became overgrown and, as of 2010, little or no evidence can be found of the station.

References

External links
Aston Cantlow Halt on navigable old O. S. map
Aston Cantlow Station

Disused railway stations in Warwickshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1922
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1939
Former Great Western Railway stations


Cecilia McDowall (born 1951 in London, England) is a British composer, particularly known for her choral compositions.

Life and career
McDowall read music at the University of Edinburgh, continuing her studies at Trinity College of Music, London and later completing an MMus in composition. She studied with Joseph Horovitz, Robert Saxton and Adam Gorb. She has won many awards and has been short-listed seven times for the British Composer Awards. In 2014 she won the British Composer Award for her choral piece Night Flight.

In 2010, Oxford University Press signed McDowall as an 'Oxford' composer. Since 2015, she has been Visiting Composer in Dulwich College, London. In 2015, she served on the panel for a Women Composers Competition of The Arcadian Singers of Oxford.

Music
McDowall's music has been commissioned and performed by both professional and amateur choirs.
A commission from the Portsmouth Festival Choir, The Shipping Forecast, gained her national media attention in June 2011. The work reflects the mystery and force of the sea, drawing together the poetry of Seán Street, the psalm 'They that go down to the sea in ships', and the words of the Shipping Forecast itself.

Her choral works often take their inspiration from extra-musical influences. The large scale Da Vinci Requiem was written to coincide with the 500th anniversary of Leonardo da Vinci's death. It was premiered by the Wimbledon Choral Society and the Philharmonia Orchestra at the Royal Festival Hall on 7 May 2019. The five movement cantata Everyday Wonders: The Girl from Aleppo (2018), was based on Nujeen Mustafa's biography, retold by Kevin Crossley-Holland. Night Flight was composed in 2013 to commemorate the pioneering flight of the American aviatrix, Harriet Quimby across the English Channel. Its first performance was given by the Choir of Clare College, Cambridge at the Fringe in the Fen Festival on 6 July, 2013. Another cantata, 70 Degrees Below Zero, was commissioned by the Scott Polar Research Institute and the City of London Sinfonia as part of the Scott 100 Festival of Events in 2012, and premiered at Symphony Hall, Birmingham on 3 February 2012.

Other choral pieces include When time is broke (Three Shakespeare Songs), written for the BBC Singers in 2016, Adoro te devote for the Westminster Cathedral Choir in 2015, and another large scale work, the Stabat Mater, for St Albans Choral Society in 2004. Also from that year, the Three Latin Motets were commissioned by the City of Canterbury Chamber Choir in 2004, and have since been recorded by the American choir Phoenix Chorale.

Although choral music dominates her output, McDowall has also composed four stage works (including the chamber opera Airbourne, 2014), orchestral music (such as Great Hills for solo violin, 2 flutes and strings, 2007, and Dance the Dark Streets, a concerto grosso with piano obbligato, 2005), and a considerable body of chamber and instrumental music (including Dream City for flute, clarinet, harp and string quartet, 2002 and the String Quartet No 1, subtitled the case of the unanswered wire, from 2004.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3878771 Conway, Paul. "Presteigne Festival 2004" in Tempo', 'Vol. 59, No. 231 (Jan., 2005), pp. 44-45]</ref> The impressionistic Y Deryn Pur ('The Gentle Dove') was written for the 2007 Presteigne Festival and scored for oboe, violin, viola and cello.

Selected recordings
Notable recordings of McDowall's music include:
 Rise heart; thy Lord is risen, All shall be Amen (2023), Caritas Chamber Choir, Ulysses Arts UA230120
 Da Vinci Requiem, 70 Degrees Below Zero (2023), Wimbledon Choral Society, Signum SIGCD749
 Sacred Choral Music (2021),  Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge, Hyperion CDA68251
 Works for Organ (2021), William Fox (organ), Lucy Humphris (trumpet), Naxos 8.579077
 A Time for All Seasons (2019), Bristol Choral Society, Delphian DCD 34242
  Laudate  (2009) CCCC, George Vass, Dutton Epoch CDLX 7230
  Spotless Rose  (2008), Phoenix Chorale, Charles Bruffy, Chandos CHSA 5066
  Stabat Mater  (2007), CCCC, Joyful Company of Singers, CDLX 7197
  Proclamation , International Celebrity Trumpet Ensemble, Brass Classics
  Seraphim  (2005), Orchestra Nova, George Vass, Dutton Epoch CDLX 7159
  Ave maris stella   (2004), CCCC, George Vass, Dutton Epoch CDLX 7146
 Piper's Dream (2002), Emma Williams, Richard Shaw, Ensemble Lumière, DXL 1033
 British Chamber Music, SOMM CD 0653 (2022) (includes Y Deryn Pur'')

References

External links
 Cecilia McDowall official website

1951 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of Trinity College of Music
British women classical composers
20th-century British composers
21st-century British composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century British musicians
21st-century classical composers
20th-century women composers
21st-century women composers


Kerem Şeras (born 1 January 1984) is a Turkish football player. He plays as midfielder.

References

External links

1984 births
Footballers from Ankara
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Hacettepe S.K. footballers
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
MKE Ankaragücü footballers
Antalyaspor footballers
Kasımpaşa S.K. footballers
Ankaraspor footballers
Göztepe S.K. footballers
Kastamonuspor footballers
Tuzlaspor players
Süper Lig players
TFF First League players
TFF Second League players


Italian-Romanian relations are foreign relations between Italy and Romania. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 1873. Italy has an embassy in Bucharest and five honorary consulates (in Iași, Satu Mare, Brașov, Arad and Timișoara). Romania has an embassy in Rome, five general consulates (in Milan, Turin, Trieste, Bari and Bologna), two general honorary consulates (in Genoa and Treviso) and two honorary consulates (in Naples and Trento).

Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO. As of December 2017, there are around 1,168,552 people of Romanian descent living in Italy, being considered the largest foreign community in the country.

Historical and cultural relations

Relations between Italy and Romania have traditionally been close due to a large kinship, thanks to their shared similar languages. During World War I, both countries fought the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and during World War II, contributed hundreds of thousands of troops to the Eastern Front where many died fighting the Soviets. More recently, after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, over a million Romanians moved to Italy for work and better living conditions.

Companies
Several Italian banks are operating in Romania: Banca Italo Romena, Intesa Sanpaolo Bank and UniCredit Bank. The latter, had been in a partnership with Romanian former tennis player and business man Ion Țiriac, between 2008 and 2015.

See also
 Foreign relations of Italy
 Foreign relations of Romania
 Romanians in Italy
 Italians in Romania

References

External links
  Italian embassy in Bucharest
  Romanian embassy in Rome (in Italian and Romanian only)
  Romanian general consulate in Milan

Romania
Bilateral relations of Romania


The Saxon Class XIV T locomotives were six-coupled tank engines operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways for mixed duties on main and branch lines. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn grouped them into their DRG Class 75.5.

History
As a successor to the four-coupled Saxon Class IV T the Sächsische Maschinenfabrik in Chemnitz developed a six-coupled tank locomotive. This new engine was primarily intended to be used in charge of suburban trains in the big conurbations.

From 1911 to 1921, 106 of these locomotives, built in three series, were placed in service by the Royal Saxon State Railways. At the time of its appearance, the Saxon XIV HT was the heaviest 2-6-2 in central Europe. Not only were these locomotives used to haul suburban services, but in the end they were put in charge of all types of passenger trains on branch and main lines in Saxony's central mountains.

After World War I some of the locomotives had to be handed over to Poland, Belgium and France as reparations in accordance with the terms of the Versailles Treaty. As a result, in 1920, the newly founded Deutsche Reichsbahn could only muster 83 locomotives of this class into its fleet, which they grouped in 1925 into their Class 75.5.

The locomotives left in Poland later went into the Polish State Railway, PKP, and were given numbers OKl101-01 to 11. The Belgian État-Belge gave their four confiscated machines the numbers 9670, 9674, 9676 and 9686. A further eight locomotives ended up in the Chemins de Fer de l'État under the numbers 32-916 to 32-923.

After the end of World War II 88 locomotives went into the Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) in East Germany. Amongst them were several engines that had been handed over to Poland and France in 1918. In 1968, there were still 25 machines in working condition, but they were retired soon thereafter.

Two locomotives have been preserved: number 75 501 by the German Steam Locomotive Museum at Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg, which was loaned to the Schwarzenberg railway museum in 2002 and number 75 515 by the Saxon Railway Museum in Chemnitz-Hilbersdorf, which was badly damaged in a shunting accident on 14 June 1983 at Karl-Marx-Stadt Hauptbahnhof.

Technical features
The locomotives had a boiler barrel, made from two shells, as well as two steam domes, which were linked by an internal connecting pipe. The boiler feed was achieved using injectors, but from locomotive number 1856 they were given Knorr feed pumps with a preheater located transversely under the boiler. Later the preheater was positioned on the left hand side next to the chimney on all locomotives, which gave them their characteristic appearance. Schmidt superheaters were used.

The steam engine itself comprised a two-cylinder engine with simple steam expansion and Heusinger valve gear. The engine drove the second (middle) coupled axle.

The driving axles were fixed rigidly into the locomotive frame. To improve curve running the wheel flanges of the driving wheels were reduced. The carrying axles were designed as Adams axles and had leaf return springs.

A Westinghouse compressed-air brake was installed as the locomotive brake. The air pump was originally on the left of the smokebox; later it was moved to the right.

Nine cubic metres of water were carried in two side tanks and a well tank located in the frame. The coal bunker was behind the driver's cab.

For branch line duties, all machines were equipped with a steam-operated bell.

See also
Royal Saxon State Railways
List of Saxon locomotives and railbuses

References

2-6-2T locomotives
14 HT
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1911
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C1′ h2t locomotives
Passenger locomotives


William or Bill Monroe  may refer to:

 Bill Monroe (1911–1996), American bluegrass musician
 Bill Monroe (1900s infielder) (c. 1877–1915), Negro league baseball player
 Bill Monroe (1920s infielder), Negro league baseball player
 Bill Monroe (journalist) (1920–2011), American journalist and NBC News correspondent
 William Newton Monroe (fl. 1879–1881), founder of Monrovia, California
 William Monroe, for whom William Monroe High School in Virginia was named in 1925
 William T. Monroe, United States Ambassador to Bahrain in 2004–2007
William Monroe, character in the 2020 film Inheritance

See also
William Monroe Trotter (1872–1934), American banker and activist
William Monroe Trotter House, a Boston landmark
William Munroe (disambiguation)


The Thomas A. Parker House was built as a private residence and is located at 975 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is currently the law offices of Liddle & Dubin, P.C.

Thomas Parker
Thomas Augustus Parker was born in New York and came to Detroit with his brother in 1845. The two established a successful wholesale grocery business, enabling Parker to grow wealthy. After his retirement, he invested most of his grocery profits in real estate, and was said to be worth $750,000 in 1895.

History
Parker bought the land on which this house sits in 1867 and, in 1868, commissioned architect Gordon W. Lloyd to build what is now a rare example of a Gothic Revival house in Detroit. Parker lived in the house until his death in 1901. In the 1920s, the house was leased to the Advertisers Bureau by Parker's daughter, and in 1928 it was sold. The building was later used as an artist studio, offices and an apartment building. In 1957 it was sold again, and used as offices, a reading room, a hospital record room and four apartments. It was later turned into the law offices of Macuga, Liddle & Dubin, P.C.

Description
The house is built from Kelly Island grey limestone, with sandstone from Amherst used as trim. The front façade is asymmetric, with three bays. The central bay holds an arched double-door entranceway on the first floor, and above, double French doors leading to a balcony. The side bays have transverse gables, with the east bay containing a first-floor bay window.

References

External links
Liddle & Dubin, P.C.

National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Houses completed in 1868
Houses in Detroit
Gothic Revival architecture in Michigan


The diplomatic relations between the Portuguese Republic and Romania date back to 1917, having been interrupted following World War II, before being re-established in June 1974, following the Carnation Revolution in Portugal. Since then, the relations between the two countries have been stable and friendly. Both nations are members of the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO and the United Nations.

History
Portugal and Romania, although countries located at the two extremes of Europe, had at one point been part of the Roman Empire and have had numerous approaches and connections throughout history. The two counties find a common heritage in the Roman Empire, and the language of the two countries is the most visible element of their shared heritage, as both the Portuguese and Romanian Languages are Romance Languages, having evolved from Latin throughout the centuries.

In 1880, Portugal recognized the independence of Romania after the Romanian War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on August 31, 1917. That same year, Romania established a resident embassy in Lisbon. In December 1919, Portugal opened the Portuguese Legation to the Balkans, based in Bucharest, and with jurisdiction over Serbia and Greece, as well as Romania.

The deposed king of Romania, Carol II, would live in Estoril, in Portugal during his exile, where he would eventually pass away.

During World War II, diplomatic relations were not interrupted between both nations, however, soon after the war, Portugal broke diplomatic relations with Romania after that nation became a communist country. On May 31, 1974, diplomatic relations were resumed, and they have remained stable ever since. Romania was the first Eastern European country to restore relations with Portugal after the Carnation Revolution.

Throughout the first decades of the 21st century, a storing increase of Romanian immigration in Portugal was registered, with the Romanian community in Portugal amounting to 40 000 people in 2011, a significant increase since 2000, when only 370 Romanian citizens lived in Portugal. Since 2011 the number of Romanians in Portugal has had a slight decrease, and in 2021, approximately 30 000 Romanian citizens were registered as residing in Portugal, with the Romanian community being the 4th largest community of foreign residents in the country.

Since the end of the Romanian Revolution in 1989, bilateral relations between both nations have increased. Portugal supported Romania's entry into the European Union, for which Romania was admitted to in 2007. In 2017, both nations celebrated 100 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations.

Bilateral agreements
Since the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, several bilateral agreements were signed, including:

 Cultural Agreement, on January 6, 1975
 Agreement for Cooperation in the field of Tourism, on March 15, 1975
 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation and Agreement for Economic, Technical and Scientific long term cooperation, both on June 14, 1975
 Agreement regarding the international transportation of goods and people, on July 22, 1979
 Agreement on the Mutual Protection and Promotion of Investments, and Agreement for Economic, Industrial and Technical-Scientific Cooperation, both on November 17, 1993
 Agreement for military cooperation, on July 10, 1995;
 Agreement for Education, Science, Culture, Sports, Youth, Tourism and Media Cooperation, on September 16, 1997
 Convention on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion on matters of Taxes on Income and Capital Gains, on September 17, 1997
 Convention on Social Security, on August 1, 2006

High-level visits
Following the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1974, several high level visits took place, starting in 1975, with Official Visits being carried out in that year by the respective Heads of State.

Visits from Portuguese statesmen to Romania

 June 13–15, 1975, Francisco Costa Gomes, President of the Portuguese Republic
 March 21–23, 1979, António Ramalho Eanes, President of Portugal
 March 3–6, 2000, Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal
 May 15, 2014, Bruno Maçães, Secretary of State for European Affairs
 September 29, 2014, Paulo Portas, Vice Prime-Minister
 June 18 and 19, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal
 May 25 and 26, 2017, Margarida Marques, Secretary of State for European Affairs
 November 6 and 7, João Gomes Cravinho, Minister for National Defence

Visits from Romanian statesmen to Portugal
 October 28–31, Nicolae Ceausescu, President of Romania
 July 5, 1991, Ion Iliescu, President of Romania
 December 2 and 3, 1996, Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania
 June 29, 2001, Adrian Năstase, Prime-Minister
 October 29 to November 1, 2003, Ion Iliescu, President of Romania
 July 13, 2007, Calin Popescu-Tariceanu, Prime-Minister
 June 2, 2014, Titus Corlatean, Minister of Foreign Affairs
 September 26, 2017, George Ciamba, Secretary of State for European Affairs
 October 23, 2017, Klaus Iohannis, President of Romania
 June 7, 2018, Vasilica Viorica Dăncilă, Prime-Minister

Economic Relations
Portugal and Romania have a sturdy economic relation, as both countries are member states of the European Union, and consequently of the European single market.

In 2020 the total value of the Portuguese exports to Romania was of 475.5 million euro, while the imports amounted to 238.2 million euro, which represents a surplus for the Portuguese side of 273.3 million euro. The volume of commercial exchanges between the two countries has been increasing, with an annual average growth during the 2016-2020 period of 5.1% in the exports and of 19.6% in the exports, from the Portuguese perspective. The main products exported from Portugal to Romania in 2020 were Vehicles and other transportation material, and Machinery, while the main product groups exported from Romania to Portugal were Vegetable Products and Vehicles and other transportation material.

In 2019, Romania was the 19th largest importer and 33rd largest exporter from and to Portugal, while Portugal was, in the same year, the 39th largest importer and 27th largest exporter from and to Romania.

Cultural Relations
The Portuguese cultural institute, the Camões Institute is represented in Romania, and has Portuguese Language Centres in the cities of Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța and Timisoara, as well as an Academic Chair in Bucharest, and Lectureships in the Universities of Bucharest, Babes-Bolyai, Ovidius de Constanța and Timisoara

The Romanian cultural institute, the Institutul Cultural Român is also present in Portugal, in the city of Lisbon.

European Union
Portugal joined the EU in 1986. Romania joined the EU in 2007.

NATO
While Portugal was one of the founding members of NATO, Romania joined NATO in 2004.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Portugal has an embassy in Bucharest.
 Romania has an embassy in Lisbon. Romania also has 2 Honorary Consulates in Portugal, in Porto and Estoril.

See also
 Foreign relations of Portugal
 Foreign relations of Romania
 Romanian diaspora

References

Romanial
Bilateral relations of Romania


Romania–Spain relations are the bilateral relations between Romania and the Kingdom of Spain. Both nations are members of the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO and the United Nations.
Spain has given full support to Romania's membership in the European Union and NATO.

History

Romania and Spain, although countries located at the two extremes of Europe, had at one point been part of the Roman Empire and have had numerous approaches and connections throughout history. The first direct Spanish-Romanian political relations date back to the 15th century, when the Voivode of Transylvania, John Hunyadi and King Alfonso V of Aragon signed a cooperation treaty.

On 12 April 1880, Spain recognized the independence of Romania after the Romanian War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire. In June 1881, a diplomatic Legation from Spain arrived to Bucharest. During the visit, several commercial agreements between the two countries had been signed. In June 1913, the Romanian Legation in Madrid was opened.

On 4 April 1946, the Romanian government broke diplomatic relations with the government of General Francisco Franco and recognized the Spanish Republican government in exile. On 5 January 1967, Romania and Spain signed a consular and commercial agreement and in February 1977 both nations opened resident embassies in each other's capitals, respectively.

Since the end of the Romanian Revolution in 1989, bilateral relations between both nations have increased. Spain supported Romania's entry into the European Union, for which Romania was admitted to in 2007. In June 2016, both nations celebrated 135 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations.

Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on the regulation and organization of labor migration flows between both nations (2002); Agreement of Cooperation in the field of protection of unaccompanied Romanian minors in Spain, their repatriation, and the fight against their exploitation (2006); Agreement on Social Security (2006); Agreement of Cooperation in the fight against crime (2007); Security agreement on reciprocal protection of classified information (2011); Agreement on the operation of the Spanish Center of the Cervantes Institute in Bucharest and the Romanian Cultural Institute in Madrid (2012); Memorandum of Understanding between the National Institute of Romanian statistics and the Spanish National Statistical Institute on cooperation in the field of development of new methods and instruments for official statistics (2019); and a Memorandum of Understanding between the Romanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Spanish Chamber of Commerce (2019).

European Union
Spain joined the EU in 1986. Romania joined the EU in 2007.

NATO
Spain joined NATO in 1982. Romania joined NATO in 2004.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Romania has an embassy in Madrid and has consulates-general in Barcelona, Bilbao and Sevilla; consulates in Castellón de la Plana, Ciudad Real, Zaragoza and a vice-consulate in Almería.
 Spain has an embassy in Bucharest.

See also
 Romanians in Spain
 Accession of Romania to the European Union

References

Spain
Bilateral relations of Spain


Hell und voll (Bright and Full), Op. 216, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II. The waltz was originally titled Hell und offen (Bright and Open), but this was later changed to Hell und voll. The work was first performed at a Medical Students' Ball at the Sofienbad-Saal in Vienna on 25 January 1859.

References

Waltzes by Johann Strauss II
1859 compositions


Björn Peter Gärdenfors (born 21 September 1949) is professor of cognitive science at the University of Lund, Sweden.

Gärdenfors is a recipient of the Gad Rausing Prize (Swedish: Rausingpriset). He received his doctorate from Lund University in 1974. Internationally, he is one of Sweden's most notable philosophers. In 1996, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities and in 2009 he became a member of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He is member of Deutsche Akademie für Naturforscher and of Academia Europaea. In 2014 Gärdenfors was awarded a Senior Fellowship of the Zukunftskolleg at the University of Konstanz. He was a member of the Prize Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011-2017.

Peter Gärdenfors' research covers several areas: Belief revision, decision theory, philosophy of science, concept formation, conceptual spaces, cognitive semantics, and the evolution of cognition and language.

His son Simon Gärdenfors is a famous cartoonist and rapper.

Writings

Knowledge in Flux: Modeling the Dynamics of Epistemic States. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. .

See also
 Conceptual space

References

External links
Vitterhetsakademien
Homepage at Lund University

Lecture videos
 What is Life? Evolutionary and developmental aspects of intersubjectivity. Talk at Karolinska Institutet, February 20, 2008.
 How to Motivate Students? TEDxNorrkoping

1949 births
Living people
Academic staff of Lund University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Cognitive Science Society


Santpoort Noord railway station is located in Santpoort-Noord, the Netherlands. The station opened 27 September 1957 on the Haarlem–Uitgeest railway. The station has 2 platforms. The station was situated at the junction with the railway to IJmuiden, which closed on 25 September 1983. That line re-opened between 1996 and 1999, when Lovers Rail operated a service between Amsterdam and IJmuiden.

Train services
As of 9 December 2018, the following services call at Santpoort Noord:

National Rail

Bus services

External links
NS website
Dutch public transport travel planner

Railway stations in North Holland
Railway stations opened in 1957
Velsen
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1950s


Cilindro Municipal (The Municipal Cylinder) was an indoor arena in Montevideo, Uruguay, which was opened in 1956, for Uruguay's Industrial Exhibition of the Production of international character. The arena was used as the main venue of the 1967 edition of the FIBA World Cup, for which it had a seating capacity of 18,000 spectators.

History
Over the years, many artists performed at the arena, including Bob Dylan, The Mission, UB40, Van Halen, and Molotov. On October 8, 2001, Eric Clapton performed at the arena, during his Reptile World Tour, and drew a crowd of 18,000 fans.

Fire damage and demolishing
On 21 October 2010, the Cilindro Municipal's roof fell down atop the inside structure because of a fire, the source of which is unknown. The fire caused severe damage to the arena's seats. The Uruguayan Interior Minister, Eduardo Bonomi, announced that it would be demolished.

A work group started doing construction studies in the middle of December 2010, and in March 2011, the Intendencia of Montevideo announced that the damaged "Cilindro Municipal" would be replaced by a new "Olympic" stadium, with a cultural, as well as sportive scope of use. Work on the new arena was originally expected to start in 2012, and to last for three years. The arena was finally demolished successfully on 12 May 2014, and was eventually replaced by the new Antel Arena which opened in November 2018.

References

External links

Official site
Disney on ice
Article about what a reconstruction of the Cilindro would entail

Basketball venues in Uruguay
Buildings and structures in Montevideo
Indoor arenas in Uruguay
Multi-purpose stadiums in Uruguay
Sport in Montevideo
Sports venues completed in 1956


The twenty-fifth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in . It was held from February 4 through February 9 with the champion teams from Dominican Republic (Tigres del Licey), Mexico (Tomateros de Culiacán), Puerto Rico (Lobos de Arecibo) and Venezuela (Tiburones de La Guaira). The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Estadio Universitario in Caracas, Venezuela. Bowie Kuhn, the Commissioner of Major League Baseball, attended the Series, and the first pitch was thrown by Oscar Prieto, Leones del Caracas majority owner and one of the series brainchild.

Summary
The Puerto Rico team was piloted by Ron Clark. After being mauled by the Dominicans in the opening, 17-2, Arecibo crushed the Mexicans 9-1 and defeated Venezuela, 7-6, in 11 innings. Later, a solid effort came from Kevin Hagen and Rich Bordi, both pitching complete games, to beat Mexico and the Dominican Republic. By beating Venezuela and Mexico in their last two games, the Lobos ended with a 5-1 mark en route to winning one of the most celebrated victories in Puerto Rican baseball history. Outfielder Glenn Walker was selected as Most Valuable Player and was chosen for the All-Star Team along Candy Maldonado and Dickie Thon. Other significant members of the roster included pitchers John Hobbs, Gary Lance and Edwin Núñez; catcher Orlando Mercado; infielders Ramón Avilés, Onix Concepción and Wayne Tolleson, as well as utilities Henry Cruz, Carmelo Martínez and Ken Phelps.

Venezuela, managed by Ozzie Virgil, finished in second place with a 4-2 record and also had the only shutout in the Series, by Rick Anderson, who limited the Mexicans to five hits while striking out nine. Second baseman Derrel Thomas paced the Tiburones offense, hitting .476 (10-for-21) to win the batting title and slugged .714. Other contributions came from right fielder Tony Armas (.269 BA, 3 HR, 6 RBI, .654 SLG), first baseman Ron Jackson (.360, 2 HR, 6 RBI, .680 SLG) and reliever Luis Aponte (1-0, one save, six SO in 6.0 innings of work). Other roster members included pitchers Bryan Clark, Luis Leal, Luis Sánchez, Albert Williams and Matt Young; catchers Bruce Bochy and Baudilio (Bo) Díaz; infielders Dave Concepción and Leo Hernández; outfielders Robert Marcano and Luis Salazar, and utilities Ozzie Guillén, Argenis Salazar and Manny Trillo.

The Dominican Republic, guided by Manny Mota, finished 3-3 and had to settle for a modest third place. The most prominent players were catcher Luis Pujols, third baseman Howard Johnson and outfielder César Gerónimo, who were included in the All-Star Team. Meanwhile, pitchers Alejandro Peña, Cliff Speck and David Grier got the victories. The Licey team also featured players such as Steve Baker (P), Tony Fernández (SS), Alfredo Griffin (2B), Pedro Guerrero (1B), Mike Howard (IF/OF),  Rafael Landestoy (OF), Ted Martínez (IF), Orlando Peña (P) and Rafael Santana (IF).

Tomateros de Culiacán, led by catcher/manager Francisco Estrada, presented an All-Mexican squad which included local legends such as Cy Acosta (P), Salomé Barojas (P), Nelson Barrera (1B), Bobby Cuellar (P), Maximino León (P), Aurelio López (3B), Mario Mendoza (SS), Vicente Romo (P) and Jesús Sommers (DH). But the opportune hitting and strong defense were undermined by below average running speed and poor bullpen support. Mexico finished with a 0-6 record, to become the second winless team in Series history.

Scoreboards

Game 1, February 4

Game 2, February 4

Game 3, February 5

Game 4, February 5

Game 5, February 6

Game 6, February 6

Game 7, February 7

Game 8, February 7

Game 9, February 8

Game 10, February 8

Game 11, February 9

Game 12, February 9

See also
Ballplayers who have played in the Series

Sources
Antero Núñez, José. Series del Caribe. Impresos Urbina, Caracas, Venezuela
Araujo Bojórquez, Alfonso. Series del Caribe: Narraciones y estadísticas, 1949-2001. Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Sinaloa, Mexico
Figueredo, Jorge S. Cuban Baseball: A Statistical History, 1878 - 1961. Macfarland & Co., United States
González Echevarría, Roberto. The Pride of Havana. Oxford University Express
Gutiérrez, Daniel. Enciclopedia del Béisbol en Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela

External links
Official site
Latino Baseball
Series del Caribe, Las (Spanish)

Caribbean Series
Caribbean Series
International baseball competitions hosted by Venezuela
Sports competitions in Caracas
1983 in Caribbean sport
1983 in Venezuelan sport
Caribbean Series
20th century in Caracas


Avant is the fifth studio album by American singer Avant. It was released on December 9, 2008, on Capitol Records. Its first single, "When It Hurts" reached number 91 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 15 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Its second single was "Break Ya Back (In a Good Way)".

Critical reception

Andy Kellman from Allmusic rated the album three and a half stars out of five. He felt that "on Avant, he goes both harder and softer [...] In between two poles is a typical Avant album, no bad thing. The album, in fact, contains the best opening three-song sequence of his career."

Track listing

Notes
 denotes co-producer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 albums
Avant albums
Capitol Records albums


Six special routes of U.S. Route 169 exist, one each in Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa, and two in Minnesota.

Nowata alternate route

U.S. Highway 169 Alternate (US 169 Alt.) at Nowata is the only special route for US 169 in Oklahoma. The alternate route travels through Nowata while the main highway bypasses the town. The alternate route is approximately  long.

Garnett business route

U.S. Highway 169 Business (US-169 Bus.) in Garnett is the only special route of US-169 in Kansas. The business route northern terminus is the junction of US-169 and 6th Avenue in Garnett. The main highway bypasses the town to the southeast. The business route travels along 6th Avenue until Maple Street, where it intersects US-59 and K-31 until it ends at its intersection with US-169 at a roundabout south of Garnett in Anderson County.

Smithville spur

U.S. Route 169 Spur is a  route in Smithville, Missouri.  The spur route follows an old alignment of US 169 into the city center of Smithville, ending at Main Street.

Fort Dodge business loop

U.S. Route 169 Business (US 169 Bus.) is a  business route in Fort Dodge, Iowa. The route was established in 1990 along former sections of Iowa Highway 7 (Iowa 7) and US 20.  Iowa 7 had recently been truncated to its current eastern end at US 169, and US 20 had been rerouted onto a new freeway south of Fort Dodge.  Since both routes had viaducts over the Des Moines River, officials in Fort Dodge wanted the Iowa Department of Transportation to maintain the bridges.  From its creation until 2014, the route was officially known as Iowa  926, but it was only signed as US 169 Bus.

Shakopee business route

U.S. Highway 169 Business is a business route in Shakopee, Minnesota.

Hibbing business route

U.S. Highway 169 Business is a business route in Hibbing, Minnesota.

References

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69-1
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