Kim Tae-young (; born January 17, 1982) is a South Korean professional footballer playing for Ang Thong. On November 9, 2008, he scored K-League's historic 10,000th goal against his own net.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Gyeonggi Province
People from Anyang, Gyeonggi
Men's association football defenders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors players
Busan IPark players
K League 1 players
K3 League players
Konkuk University alumni
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Thailand


Mahasen may refer to:

 Kartikeya, also known as Mahasen or Mahasena from maha (great) + sena (army), the Hindu god of war
 Mahasena of Anuradhapura, a king of Sri Lanka who ruled the country from 277 to 304 AD
 Cyclone Mahasen, a cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal in 2013, renamed Cyclone Viyaru due to apparent negative showing of the Anuradhapura king

See also

 Mahasena (disambiguation)


Antenna TV is an American digital television network owned by Nexstar Media Group. The network's programming consists of classic television series, primarily sitcoms, from the 1950s to the 1990s. Antenna TV's programming and advertising operations are headquartered in the WGN-TV studios in Chicago. The network's operations are overseen by Sean Compton, who serves as the president of networks for Nexstar.

The network is available in many media markets via the digital subchannels of over-the-air television stations, and on select cable television providers, such as Xfinity and Verizon Fios through a local affiliate of the network and IPTV. Antenna TV broadcasts 24 hours a day in either 480i standard definition or 720p high definition depending on market.

History

Tribune Broadcasting announced the formation of Antenna TV on August 30, 2010, with television stations owned by Tribune and Local TV LLC (an Oak Hill Capital Partners-controlled holding company that Tribune had been co-managing since 2008, in an agreement that remained in place until Tribune completed its outright acquisition of the group in December 2013) serving as its initial charter affiliates; Tribune originally intended to launch the network on January 3, 2011, but executives later chose to push the date of its debut two days ahead of schedule.

Antenna TV was launched on January 1, 2011, at 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time Zone (the late evening of December 31, 2010, in other U.S. time zones), initially debuting on seventeen Tribune-owned stations and thirteen stations owned by Local TV. The first program to air on Antenna TV was The Three Stooges' first short Woman Haters as part of a marathon of short films involving the comedy trio (which became an annual New Year's Day tradition on the network that aired until 2015, originally airing as an all-day marathon before being reduced to airing only on New Year's Day morning in 2013).

On October 1, 2011, Antenna TV introduced block programming scheduling for most of its programs, organized by genre and the decade of their original broadcast; it included a weekday afternoon block of sitcoms from the 1950s, a weekend afternoon block of 1960s sitcoms (including the early 1970s sitcom, The Partridge Family), a Saturday night lineup of drama series (a genre of television programs which had previously aired on the network in very limited form on Sunday mornings only), an overnight block of classic television series from the monochrome era of the 1950s and early 1960s, a Sunday prime time lineup of sitcoms from the 1990s, and a weeknight prime time lineup of comedies from the 1970s; with the exception of the black-and-white program block (which was reduced to once a week and moved to Friday nights, where it remained – except for a brief sabbatical from January to April 2013 – until being dropped completely in November of that same year) and the Saturday night drama block (which was reduced to Saturday evenings only, and was later replaced by movies in September 2013), most of these blocks were dropped on March 26, 2012.

Programming

Antenna TV's program schedule relies on the extensive library of films and television programming currently owned by Sony Pictures, which comprises more than 270 television series and over 4,000 films. The network maintains an Eastern Time Zone schedule, with individual programs airing at the same time in the remainder of the country, though by effect, aired locally in earlier time slots from the Central Time Zone westward. As is common with digital multicast networks, advertisements featured during commercial breaks on Antenna TV primarily consist of direct marketing for products featured in infomercials and particularly during its Saturday morning children's programming, public service announcements; satellite provider Dish Network and insurance company Progressive Corporation are currently the network's primary national sponsors.  Many Antenna TV affiliates also use the allotted advertising time to feature localized promotions, ranging from upcoming programming seen on that affiliate's other digital channels, to newspaper and vehicle dealership advertisements, to community service announcements.

The network does not display a digital on-screen graphic during its programs, but allows affiliates to incorporate their own bug during Antenna TV programming; many stations that follow this practice utilize modified versions of logos that the affiliate station has used as part of their main branding in the past (for example, WPHL-TV in Philadelphia uses a variant of the logo it used from 1976 to 1987, under the brand "Channel 17, The Great Entertainer").

The network's original continuity announcer was Gary Owens, who served in that capacity until his death on February 12, 2015, although promos that he voiced beforehand continued to air until that September. John B. Wells also provided promotional continuity from November 2011 to July 2015. Shadoe Stevens became the network's main announcer in July 2015.

Antenna TV also runs occasional marathons of series to which it holds rights through its content agreements on major occasions. Prior to "Antenna TV Theater"s discontinuation, the network also aired movie marathons on Valentine's Day, Memorial Day, Veterans Day (until 2013) and Super Bowl Sunday (until 2015) and racing day in 2016. Among the marathons regularly carried by the network are those of Hazel and Father Knows Best that have respectively aired on Mother's Day and Father's Day annually since 2011 (in the former case, the exceptions were in 2015 and 2016, when it aired marathons of One Day at a Time, Family Ties and Sanford and Son on those  holidays); it also airs a 48-hour marathon of holiday-themed episodes of its various series from Christmas Eve until Christmas night, which is interrupted for four hours on Christmas morning by its broadcast of the Yule Log (a filmed loop of logs burning inside a fireplace at Gracie Mansion set to a soundtrack of Christmas music, which first aired on co-owned New York City affiliate WPIX in December 1966). Since the network began carrying most of the surviving episodes of the Johnny Carson run of The Tonight Show to its schedule in January 2016, many of these marathons have been followed by Tonight Show episodes featuring guests who starred in the featured marathon program. The acquisition also resulted in the network running fewer marathons that run into the late prime time and overnight hours (among the few exceptions was 2017's "All of All in the Family Marathon," a five-day-long, Thanksgiving weekend stunt of all 205 All in the Family episodes [commemorating the show's then-pending departure from Antenna TV], which included Carson episodes featuring stars of the former as guests that aired in Carsons network-designated timeslots between the nighttime blocks of AITF episodes).

The network also marks the occurrence of an actor's recent death (either an established or character actor) with an "in memoriam" bumper shown during breaks between certain programs, and an occasional afternoon-long marathon showcasing episodes of that artist's television series roles – either guest appearances, episodes of series in which the person was a regular cast member, or both. Episodes of series on the network's regular schedule that would normally air next in broadcast order and are pre-empted by some of the marathons are usually skipped over entirely as a result and held over until the next broadcast cycle, with episodes next in order being shown instead on the next scheduled airdate (depending on whether the episode cycle is uniform on all days that the program is broadcast or airs in separate episode runs for their weekday and weekend airings).

Classic television series
Antenna TV has program licensing agreements with Sony Pictures Entertainment (which includes series produced by Columbia Pictures Television, TriStar Television and their merged production unit Columbia TriStar Television (which was reorganized as Sony Pictures Television in 2002), Screen Gems, and ELP Communications (including predecessors Tandem Productions, ELP Communications), CBS Media Ventures, and DLT Entertainment. The network also shares broadcast rights to classic television programs from the NBCUniversal Syndication Studios and Disney Media Distribution's 20th Television libraries with competing Weigel Broadcasting-owned digital broadcast network and primary rightsholder MeTV (with Antenna TV gaining access to Universal's program library in the fall of 2011, after those shows were removed from the Retro Television Network, and access to 20th Television's library via its April 2012 acquisition of WKRP in Cincinnati with other series from the library being added in January 2015) and rights to select program titles from Warner Bros. Television Distribution, and MGM Television (which includes series produced by Filmways and United Artists Television, but does not include content owned by its Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer prior to the 1986 acquisition of films and television programs produced directly by MGM by Ted Turner) with Antenna TV sister network This TV.

The network's series programming primarily covers sitcoms – along with some select drama series – from the 1950s to the early 2000s and () includes shows such as Murphy Brown; Newhart; Wings; My Two Dads; Family Ties; Sabrina the Teenage Witch; Growing Pains; I Dream of Jeannie; Bewitched; The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show; Mr. Belvedere; Head of the Class; Mork & Mindy; The Hogan Family; and Silver Spoons. While several series on the network have been widely syndicated on other television outlets in the United States and abroad, some series featured on the network (such as Hazel, Evening Shade, Soap, Doogie Howser, M.D. and Small Wonder) have not been seen on television – at least, in the U.S. – for several years or have been syndicated on a fairly inconsistent basis, and a few (such as The Paul Lynde Show and Lotsa Luck) were too short-lived to have ever had a syndication afterlife.

Drama series, which occupied a limited amount of the network's schedule for the first few months on the air, later expanded with an October 2011 programming realignment, with crime drama, mystery and suspense programs airing in an evening block on Saturdays, which included It Takes a Thief, Adam-12, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, S.W.A.T. and Kraft Suspense Theatre; some of these programs are also aired during the week in limited form during the late afternoon and overnight hours. The Saturday drama block was discontinued in September 2012, with drama series on Saturdays being moved to the late afternoon hours and movies replacing them in prime time on that night. Drama series are now only seen on Saturday morning as of January 2017. In a rarity for television, Antenna TV has rotated a television series and its spinoffs on its schedule in the same hour, airing the shorter-lived spinoffs of Three's Company (The Ropers and Three's a Crowd) with the parent show being relegated to the first half-hour of the hour-long block (differing from the network's normal double-episode scheduling for its series) once they cycle back onto the schedule (the cycling of The Ropers and Three's a Crowd ended with a January 2015 programming realignment that saw both series given their own separate weekend-only runs on the network). This discontinued when the Three's Company spinoffs were replaced with Saturday Summerthons. After losing the rights to All in the Family in 2018, Antenna TV acquired rights to the sequel series Archie Bunker's Place.

On August 12, 2015, Tribune Broadcasting announced that it had acquired the rights to all surviving episodes of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson through a multi-year agreement with Carson Entertainment, marking the first time that full episodes from that era of The Tonight Show would be shown on television (outside of excerpts aired as part of the clip series Carson's Comedy Classics) since his retirement in May 1992. The broadcasts – which began airing on January 1, 2016 under the network-substituted title Johnny Carson, as NBC holds ownership of The Tonight Show title and the episodes air (depending on the quarterly schedule, partially or wholly) opposite the current edition of Tonight in much of the United States – consist of episodes that originally aired from 1972 to 1992; episodes produced after September 1980 that ran 60 minutes in length (per a clause in Carson's renegotiated contract with NBC that reduced the running time of Tonight by a half-hour) air weeknights, while 90-minute episodes produced before September 1980 air on weekends.

In 2021, Antenna TV would slide its non-Carson library of shows from the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s over to its new spinoff/sister network Rewind TV, while (primarily) focusing itself on shows from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.

Movies
From the network's launch in January 2011 until May 2016, Antenna TV aired feature films under the umbrella title Antenna TV Theater. In addition to access to television series owned by Sony Pictures Television, the agreement with Sony Pictures Entertainment also included access to movies from the Sony Pictures Entertainment Motion Picture Group film library (including Columbia Pictures, TriStar Pictures, Sony Pictures Classics, Screen Gems, Triumph Films, and the television rights to the Embassy Pictures library). The film roster did not concentrate on films from any specific era, meaning any film from the 1930s to as late as the early 2000s could be featured on the network's schedule, although from 2014 to 2015, the vast majority of the films that aired on the network were pre-1980s releases.

During 2014, the network shared film content with sister network This TV (a movie-oriented broadcast network, whose transfer of operational control and partial ownership to Tribune from Weigel Broadcasting in November 2013 has partly influenced Antenna TV's removal of films); on certain occasions, a movie that aired on Antenna TV's film block would air on This TV on the same day or during the same week in different timeslots.

Starting in April 2013, Antenna TV gradually scaled back its film telecasts in favor of additional blocks of classic television series (particularly on weekday mornings, where Antenna TV Theater originally ran as a six-hour block from approximately 5:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time at the network's launch). Movies were eliminated from weekdays entirely as part of a schedule revamp in January 2015; the Antenna TV Theater block – which by that point, had been relegated to Saturday and Sunday mornings – ended on December 27, 2015, preceding a similar revamp that occurred six days later on January 1, 2016. Movies returned to the lineup in May 2016 as part of a marathon on racing films.

Affiliates

, Antenna TV has current or pending affiliation agreements with television stations in 133 media markets (including 48 of the 50 largest markets) encompassing 43 states and the Washington, D.C., covering 88% of the United States. The network is offered to prospective affiliates on a barter basis, an agreement in which the station will get the programming at little or no cost in exchange for giving a certain amount of commercial time to the network. Despite this arrangement, some larger television markets without stations owned by Tribune did not affiliate with the network until 2015.

Tribune Broadcasting planned to launch Antenna TV in all markets with stations owned by Tribune and, as part of a co-management agreement between the two groups that existed at the time of the network's launch, Local TV. Tribune's flagship WGN-TV in Chicago serves as the flagship station of the network. In Denver and St. Louis, two of the markets where Tribune maintains duopoly, the Antenna TV affiliation went to digital subchannels of Local TV-owned Fox affiliates KDVR and KTVI, rather than on Tribune-owned The CW affiliates KWGN-TV and KPLR-TV – which were operated alongside KDVR and KTVI under local marketing agreements – in order to address bandwidth concerns as the two Tribune outlets already maintained subchannels carrying This TV (ABC, Fox, and MyNetworkTV stations transmit their main signals by default in 720p, which provides a lower bit rate adequate for multiplexing of up to three subchannels, while the main channels of CBS, NBC and CW stations are usually transmitted in the higher resolution 1080i format, which before advances in multiplexer technology, utilized a larger bit rate size that was more susceptible to causing pixelation of multiple subchannels).

However, not all of the charter affiliates added Antenna TV at its launch either to allow stations to reconfigure their bandwidth or to assure the affiliated subchannel's carriage on cable providers when the network launched locally. Fox affiliate KSTU in Salt Lake City, NBC affiliate WHO-DT in Des Moines, Iowa (both owned by Local TV at the time) and CW affiliate WDCW in Washington, D.C. (owned by Tribune) debuted the network on their digital subchannels later during January 2011; while NBC affiliate KFOR-TV in Oklahoma City did not add the network until April 21, 2011, on a new third digital subchannel (it has since been moved to that station's second subchannel). The final Tribune/Local TV market to add the network was Fort Smith, Arkansas, where Fayetteville, Arkansas-based MyNetworkTV affiliate KXNW began carrying the network on January 5, 2012, as an overnight secondary service; Antenna TV was unable to launch in the market prior to the KXNW purchase due to existing syndicated programming rights held by CBS-affiliated sister KFSM-TV for its MyNetworkTV-affiliated subchannel (which now acts as a KXNW simulcast) and the station's main signal being transmitted in 1080i, which precluded a launch of a third subchannel without affecting picture quality. Some affiliates (such as KTLA in Los Angeles) aired preview blocks of Antenna TV programming on their primary channel in the lead-up to the launch date. In the wake of Universal Sports converting from a digital broadcast to a cable and satellite service on January 1, 2012, most stations affiliated with that network signed affiliation agreements with Antenna TV (or MeTV) to serve as a replacement.

To date, Antenna TV has had three instances of switching affiliates in the same market. In Honolulu, Hawaii, the network moved from charter affiliate KUPU (one of only two stations that carried the network on its primary channel, the other being KXNW, which is the only affiliate that continues to do so) to the secondary subchannel of NBC affiliate KHNL in May 2012, as KUPU was not available on cable television in areas of the state outside the Honolulu metropolitan area whereas KNHL has widespread cable penetration. WJZY in Charlotte, North Carolina, which served as its original affiliate for that market, replaced Antenna TV on its 46.2 subchannel with Movies! (a network part-owned by Fox Television Stations, which bought WJZY in April 2013) on July 1, 2014; WCCB (which, incidentally, assumed the CW affiliation held by WJZY when the latter switched to Fox on July 1, 2013) began carrying Antenna TV on digital subchannel 18.2 on August 15 of that year. WSTR-TV in Cincinnati added the network on January 1, 2016, displacing GetTV on its 64.2 subchannel, one month after the network terminated its affiliation with low-power outlet WOTH-CD2 to expand its coverage within the market.

On November 17, 2015, Tribune announced that it had signed affiliation agreements with the Sinclair Broadcast Group and partner companies Deerfield Media, Cunningham Broadcasting, Howard Stirk Holdings, Tegna Inc., Red River Broadcasting and Media General to add Antenna TV to stations in 26 markets (including many large and mid-sized markets where the network did not previously have an affiliate, including Pittsburgh; Baltimore; Nashville, Tennessee; Birmingham, Alabama; Green Bay, Wisconsin and Savannah, Georgia). On January 6, 2016, the network also announced an agreement with E. W. Scripps Company-owned WMYD in Detroit, which picked up the affiliation in February 2016, six months after WADL disaffiliated from Antenna TV, which briefly left Detroit as the largest market where the network did not have an affiliate. Sean Compton, president of strategic programming and acquisitions for Tribune Broadcasting, credited Antenna TV's acquisition of rights to the Johnny Carson-era Tonight Show episodes in part behind the newfound interest from affiliates, which helped its station portfolio gain ground with competitor MeTV (which has the most affiliates of any American digital multicast network). As a result of these and other agreements stemming from the Carson acquisition, by August 2016, the network had expanded its reach to 86% of U.S. households.

Individual programs aired by the network may be substituted if a station other than that which serves as the market's Antenna TV affiliate holds the local syndication rights; as an example, from April 2012 to November 2013, KTLA aired a rebroadcast of that station's weeknight 6:00 p.m. newscast on Monday through Thursdays over its 5.2 subchannel, in place of the network's broadcast of Married... with Children (which it aired in an hour-long block and was shown locally at 8:00 p.m. Pacific Time Zone), as the local rights to the sitcom were held by Anaheim, California-based independent station KDOC-TV. When Soap replaced Married... on the network's Sunday evening lineup in May 2011, during the latter's original run on Antenna TV, a rebroadcast of KTLA's early evening newscast which aired on that night was dropped in order to allow Soap to air locally.

In markets where an Antenna TV-affiliated station acts as a broadcast partner of either sports syndication service, some of its stations (notably among them, WHNT-TV in Huntsville, Alabama and WOAI-TV in San Antonio) preempt programming carried by the network in order to carry college sports events produced by either the Raycom Sports-operated ACC Network or the Sinclair-owned American Sports Network/Stadium. While these preemptions typically occur on Saturday afternoons, in many instances, such stations may preempt certain programs aired within the network's prime time lineup, either to allow the affiliated subchannel to serve as an alternate feed of the partner sports service in lieu of the parent station's main channel or a co-owned/co-managed sister station, or to carry programs aired by a major broadcast network with which the station maintains a primary affiliation so the events can air on the main channel. Conversely, several stations, mainly affiliated with Fox, have moved their local news to their Antenna TV subchannel due to sports events like the 2018 FIFA World Cup and Thursday Night Football pre-empting regularly scheduled newscasts on the main channel.

In March 2020, new owner Nexstar Media Group brought the network to markets in which it owned stations that did not already have a pre-existing affiliate at the time of their purchase of Tribune. At the start of the fall of 2020, it began to wind down contracts with direct competitors MeTV and COZI TV on their existing stations to increase carriage of Antenna TV, the first of which was WSYR-TV in Syracuse, New York. The group also began to disallow MeTV personalities such as Svengoolie from appearing on their stations in Chicago (WGN-TV and WGN).

Related services

Rewind TV

In July 2016, Tribune was considering, with the network's success, adding a sister network which would take shows that draw older audiences, in an arrangement that proposed refocusing Antenna TV around shows targeting younger audiences. By April 26, 2021, this idea had evolved and Nexstar Media, successor to Tribune Broadcasting, announced that it would launch a new digital broadcast network, Rewind TV, focusing on sitcoms from the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, serving as a complementary sister network to and incorporating programming from that timespan that were previously shown on Antenna TV.

Rewind TV began operations on September 1, 2021, with Nexstar Media as the launch station group, making the network available to 50 million households in the United States.

References

External links

Television channels and stations established in 2011
Television networks in the United States
Classic television networks
Nostalgia television in the United States
Nexstar Media Group
2011 establishments in the United States


The 2002 congressional elections in Indiana were elections for Indiana's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred along with congressional elections nationwide on November 5, 2002. Republicans held a majority of Indiana's delegation, 6-4, before the elections. The districts were redrawn prior to the 2002 elections, reducing the number of districts by 1. Democrat Tim Roemer of the 2nd district retired, leaving the seat vacant. Republicans picked up the 2nd district seat, gaining a 6-3 advantage following the elections.

Results
The following are the final results from the Secretary of State of Indiana.

Overview

District 1

This district includes a small strip of northwest Indiana. The district has been one of the most Democratic in Indiana.

District 2

This district is centered on South Bend, Indiana and the Indiana portion of the Michiana region.

District 3

This district is located in the northeast corner of Indiana and has a large population center in Fort Wayne.

District 4

This district is located in west-central Indiana. Located within the district is the city of West Lafayette and many suburban towns.

District 5

This district located mostly north of Indianapolis, including the largest suburbs of Indianapolis in Hamilton County.

District 6

This district takes in a large portion of eastern Indiana, including the cities of Muncie, Anderson, and Richmond.

District 7

This district is in the heart of Central Indiana and encompasses most of Marion County/Indianapolis.

District 8

Population centers of Evansville and Terre Haute are located within its limits along with numerous other small towns.

District 9

This district is located in southeast Indiana. The largest city located within the district is Bloomington followed by Columbus, New Albany, Jeffersonville, and Clarksville.

See also
2002 United States House of Representatives elections

References

2002
Indiana
2002 Indiana elections


Shaktinagar  is a small town in Sonbhadra, Mirzapur Division, Uttar Pradesh near Varanasi, India. The city borders with Madhya Pradesh at Jayant Border.

About
Some of the famous places in the town are Chilka Lake Park, Helipad, Jwaladevi Temple, Shiv Mandir, Sunday Market (vegetable market opening only on Sundays), Sangam Shopping Complex and the Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium. The town is also well connected with road services from Varanasi (206 km) And Robertsganj (115 km). Nearest Railway stations are Shaktinagar (3 km), Singrauli (20 km), Anpara (25 km) and Krishnashila (13 km).

Places to visit nearby are Vendam fall (110 km), Gopat, Manda stream, Manda caves (60 km), Vindhyanagar Park, Mini Goa (Renukut 40 kms.) shopping center at Waidhan and Nawanagar, helipad park etc.

Industries
Nearby industries are NTPC Singrauli (First NTPC power plant of India ), NTPC Vindhyachal, NTPC Rihand, Renusagar, Essar Energy, Reliance Power, Hindalco (Aditya Birla Group), Northern Coalfields, which provides coal to NTPC plants to generate electricity and supply it to Northern as well as the NCR region.

Education
Schools in the town include St. Joseph School, which was established in 1978, Vivekanand Senior Secondary School, Kendriya Vidyalaya (Central School), a Group of DAV School nearly in every project of Singrauli Coalfield also known as Northern Coalfields Limited like DAV Bina, DAV Khadia, DAV Jayant, DAV Nigahi, DAV Jhingurdah, Christ Jyoti School, Delhi Public School (D.P.S), and many more.

Connectivity
Shaktinagar Railway Station is fully connected by road to various cities through NH 39 ( Former NH 75), SH 5A and is also connected directly via Trains like: Triveni Express (Tanakpur To Shaktinagar), Singrauli - Varanasi Intercity (Singrauli to Varanasi), Singrauli - Jabalpur Intercity (Singrauli to Jabalpur) and Shaktinagar Passenger (Shaktinagar to Chopan), Shaktipunj Express (Jabalpur Junction railway station to Howrah railway station), Singrauli - New Delhi Express(Weekly)

References

External links

Cities and towns in Sonbhadra district
Industrial cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh
Energy in Uttar Pradesh
Mining in Uttar Pradesh


Robert Hurt (born June 16, 1969) is an American attorney and politician who served as the U.S. representative for  from 2011 to 2017, where he served on the Financial Services Committee as vice chair of the Capital Markets Subcommittee and Housing and Insurance Subcommittee.

After 16 years in public office, Hurt stepped down from Congress in January 2017 and was invited to Liberty University to work as vice president and founding director of Liberty's Center for Law and Government. In 2019, Hurt was asked to concurrently work as dean of the Helms School of Government at Liberty University.

Prior to representing Virginia's 5th district, Hurt practiced law and served as a citizen-legislator from Southside Virginia, representing Virginia's 19th Senate District for three years and Virginia's 16th House of Delegates District for six years. Prior to his election to the Virginia General Assembly in 2001, Hurt served on the Chatham Town Council and as chief assistant commonwealth's attorney for Pittsylvania County.

Early life and education
Hurt was born in New York City, where he lived for about nine years. His father, Henry Hurt, was a journalist and editor for Reader's Digest. In 1986, Henry wrote a book questioning the findings of the Warren Commission called Reasonable Doubt: An Investigation into the Assassination of John F. Kennedy. Hurt was raised in Chatham, Virginia, attended Hargrave Military Academy and graduated from Episcopal High School in Alexandria. He earned a bachelor's degree in English from Hampden–Sydney College in 1991 and a J.D. degree from Mississippi College School of Law in 1995. Hurt also graduated from the Sorensen Institute for Political Leadership program in 2000.

Career
He served as a chief assistant Commonwealth's Attorney for Pittsylvania County from 1996 to 1999. From 1999 to 2008, Hurt worked in a general law practice with the firm of H. Victor Millner, Jr. P.C. in Chatham. In 2008, Hurt opened up his own law practice in Chatham. Hurt is a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity.

Hurt began his political career as a member of the Chatham Town Council. He was elected with 82 percent of the vote. Hurt was first elected to the House of Delegates in 2001 and served three terms. He represented the 16th District, which includes part of Pittsylvania County. He was elected and re-elected to the House of Delegates with at least 62 percent of the vote. He cited bringing the New College Institute and the Virginia Museum of Natural History as accomplishments that he and other legislators of both parties have worked together to bring to the area.

During his time as a delegate, Hurt worked to increase state funding for K-12 education and increase the safety of Virginia's children through membership on the Courts of Justice Committee and the Youth Internet Safety Taskforce. Hurt voted two dozen times to cut taxes and supported 28 bills in the General Assembly that sought to reduce taxes on food, gas, cigarettes, cars, real estate, computer sales and other items. In 2004, Hurt voted in favor of a $1.4 billion tax increase to narrow the gap in Virginia's budget. Hurt stated that the increase was essential, based on the information lawmakers had at the time, to refrain from a government shutdown over a budget impasse and has since stated regret over the vote.

In November 2007, Hurt was elected to the Senate of Virginia, winning 75 percent of the vote. Hurt represented the 19th district, which includes the city of Danville, all of Pittsylvania and Franklin counties, and part of Campbell county.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
2010

On October 7, 2009, Hurt officially declared himself a candidate for . The district stretches from Charlottesville to Southside Virginia and west to Bedford and Franklin counties. Hurt was the Republican establishment candidate in the primary and was not received well by the Tea Party. On June 8, 2010, Hurt won the Republican nomination with a plurality in a crowded field of six other candidates. All of Hurt's opponents in the primary endorsed him. A local Tea Party Leader said his group would "unite behind" and "support" Hurt.

Hurt campaigned against Democratic incumbent Tom Perriello and Independent candidate Jeffrey Clark in the general election. Republicans viewed his as a pickup opportunity and poured resources into the race. Perriello was listed as one of the 10 most vulnerable House incumbents by Roll Call. Hurt was a member of the National Republican Congressional Committee's "Young Guns" program.

On June 12, Hurt stated that he would "absolutely" participate in debates that included all the candidates, including Independent candidate Clark. Just days later, Hurt stated that he would not debate Clark. Although the statement was made in response to a direct query from a reporter as to whether he would debate Clark, Hurt's campaign later tried to justify their position by insisting this was untrue. Hurt skipped the first debate which was organized by the Senior Statesmen of Virginia, becoming the first candidate to skip the forum since it started in 1996. In addition to the first debate, Hurt skipped two subsequent debates one sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce in Nelson County and another hosted by American Legion Post 325 in Danville making a total of three skipped debates.

Hurt campaigned on his opposition to the Democratic-backed initiatives that Perriello supported, such as health-care reform, the economic stimulus package and clean energy legislation. On August 20, Hurt released his first television ad. The ad stated that he would fight tax increases, stop Washington's spending and start creating jobs, however he never mentioned his opponents. "You definitely see that he's running against Congress as a whole and Democrats as a whole," Isaac Wood, an analyst at the University of Virginia Center for Politics, said. "That was very clear. He spent just a few seconds introducing himself, then pivoted right away to attack the negative things happening in D.C. With voters, that can be effective." Another ad from Hurt called Perriello a "rubber stamp" for the policies of President Barack Obama and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. Hurt won with 51 percent of the vote. He became the first freshman Republican to represent this district since Reconstruction. Virgil Goode, who represented the district from 1997 to 2009, was originally elected as a Democrat, and only joined the GOP in 2002 after serving as an independent from 2000 to 2002.

2012

Hurt was challenged by Democratic nominee John Douglass, a retired United States Air Force Brigadier General and former Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Hurt won re-election to a second term on November 6, 2012.

Tenure
After his win, Hurt submitted a formal letter of resignation from the Virginia General Assembly to Governor Bob McDonnell that would be effective on January 5, the day Hurt was sworn into Congress. Hurt voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act which successfully passed the House. In February, Hurt criticized President Barack Obama's $3.73 trillion 2012 federal budget proposal for its excessive spending and borrowing. Hurt would vote to pass a $1.2 trillion bill that would cut the year's budget federal budget by $61 billion. On April 8, Hurt voted for a continuing resolution that prevented the government from shutting down that day. Hurt expressed support for Paul Ryan's budget plan that month as well. On July 19, Hurt voted for the Cut, Cap and Balance Act. On August 1, Hurt voted for the Budget Control Act of 2011 that raised the debt ceiling and cut spending by $2.1 trillion over the next 10 years. Hurt co-sponsored a bill that would prevent the Environmental Protection Agency from cracking down on farm dust. The bill passed the House on December 8.

Social issues
Virginia Citizens Defense League, a pro-gun organization, gave Hurt a 78% approval rating. Asked if he supports the purchase and possession of guns, Hurt has consistently affirmed his support for gun rights.

Hurt has traditionally voted for legislation that restricts abortion. Virginia Society for Human Rights gave him a 100% approval rating. Planned Parenthood and NARAL Pro-Choice have consistently given him 0% approval ratings every year since 2002.

Equality Virginia has given him between 0% and 11% approval ratings for his position on LGBT rights.

Hurt has affirmed that he supports capital punishment for certain crimes.

Fiscal issues
Hurt cosponsored the Balanced Budget Amendment, which did not pass the House of Representatives in November 2011. Hurt said of the bill, "By passing a Balanced Budget Amendment, Congress will be required to spend no more than it takes in, reining in out of control spending once and for all" Hurt also sponsored the Small Business Capital Access and Job Preservation Act that would exempt private equity funds advisers from certain registration and reporting standards. In July, 2011 Hurt sponsored the Market Transparency and Taxpayer Protection Act which would "protect the taxpayers of the United States by requiring Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to sell or dispose of the assets of such enterprises that are not critical to their missions." However, because very little political leverage was used to pass this legislation, it most likely will die in committee. Hurt's position on Government regulation is clear in his statement that "By reducing the unnecessary government regulations that hinder small businesses, keeping taxes low and allowing people to keep more of what they make, and cutting spending to get our fiscal house in order, the private sector will gain the confidence necessary to expand and create the jobs that the people of the 5th District need and deserve."

During 2000–2010, the Virginia League of Conservation Voters gave Hurt an average approval rating of 40%. However, in 2010, when Hurt was running against incumbent Tom Perriello, the Sierra Club and League of Conservation Voters released television and radio ads against Hurt, attacking him on an alleged conflict of interest regarding uranium mining, because his father was a founding investor in Virginia Uranium and Hurt had accepted money from uranium mining interests. Hurt strongly opposed House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's 2009 proposed "Cap-and Trade" climate control legislation. Hurt called on the Virginia Department of Interior secretary Ken Salazar to remove bans on off-shore drilling and development.

Hurt has made it a priority to rein in federal regulation of the private sector. Hurt cosponsored the Farm Dust Prevention Regulation Act, the Preserving Rural Resources Act, and the Supporting Home Owner Rights Enforcement Act. He has voted to ensure that cost-benefit analysis is applied to federal rulemaking and he has voted to roll back currently proposed regulations. Hurt has been a staunch opponent to the Affordable Care Act, of which he says, "The President's health care law represents a fundamental departure from the founding principles of our nation by placing more faith in government than in the American people and by inserting the federal government in between patients and their doctors."

Bills sponsored
The following is an incomplete list of major bills sponsored by Rep. Hurt.
 Audit Integrity and Job Protection Act (H.R. 1564; 113th Congress) () – The bill would "amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) to deny the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board any authority to require that audits conducted for a particular issuer of securities in accordance with SOX standards be conducted by specific auditors, or that such audits be conducted for an issuer by different auditors on a rotating basis," according to a summary by the Congressional Research Service. The bill passed the House 321–62 on July 8, 2013.
 Small Business Capital Access and Job Preservation Act (H.R. 1105; 113th Congress) – The bill would exempt investment advisers from the Security and Exchange Commission's (SEC's) registration and reporting requirements when they provide advice to a private equity fund with outstanding debt that is less than twice the amount of capital that has been committed to and invested by the fund. On December 4, 2013, the House voted in Roll Call Vote 622 to pass the bill 254–159.
 Investment Advisers Modernization Act of 2016 (H.R. 5424; 114th Congress) – The bill would amend the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and to direct the Securities and Exchange Commission to amend its rules to modernize certain requirements relating to investment advisers, and for other purposes. On September 9, 2016, the House voted in Roll Call Vote 405 to pass the bill 261–145.

Committee assignments
 Committee on Financial Services
 Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
 Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity (Vice Chair)

Electoral history

Career after Congress
In 2018, Hurt sought to be nominated as a U.S. District Judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. The nomination went to U.S. Attorney Thomas T. Cullen, who was confirmed on September 10, 2020. As of Fall 2019, Hurt serves as the Residential Dean at the Helms School of Government at Liberty University

Personal life and family
Hurt lives in Chatham. Hurt is a member of Chatham Presbyterian Church and Chatham Rotary Club. Also, he is a member of the Board of Directors of the New College Institute, the Virginia Bar Association's Board of Governors, the Hampden-Sydney Wilson Center Advisory Board, the John Marshall Foundation Board, the Board of Directors of Roman Eagle Nursing Home and the board of directors of the W. E. Skelton 4-H Conference Center at Smith Mountain Lake. His brother, Charles Hurt, is a journalist and political columnist for the Washington Times. Hurt gave the commencement address at Piedmont Virginia Community College in May 2011.

References

External links

 Profile from Virginia Public Access Project

1969 births
Living people
Politicians from New York City
American Presbyterians
Republican Party Virginia state senators
Republican Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Virginia lawyers
Hampden–Sydney College alumni
Mississippi College School of Law alumni
People from Chatham, Virginia
Virginia city council members
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia) alumni


Stefan Edberg defeated Michael Stich in the final, 5–7, 6–4, 6–1 to win the singles tennis title at the 1992 ATP German Open.

Karel Nováček was the defending champion, but was defeated by Boris Becker in the quarterfinals.

Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.

  Stefan Edberg (champion)
  Boris Becker (semifinals)
  Michael Stich (final)
  Michael Chang (third round)
  Goran Ivanišević (third round)
  Petr Korda (second round)
  Ivan Lendl (second round)
  Karel Nováček (quarterfinals)
  Emilio Sánchez (first round)
  Alberto Mancini (first round)
  Andre Agassi (second round)
  Richard Krajicek (quarterfinals)
  Alexander Volkov (first round)
  Thomas Muster (second round)
  Wayne Ferreira (second round)
  Francisco Clavet (third round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

External links
 1992 ATP German Open draw

Singles


Walter of Bruges (Gualterus Brugensis OFM, Gualterus de Brugge, Gauthier de Bruges OM, Gualterus de Brugis, Gualterus de Brüge, Walter von Brügge) was a Franciscan theologian, who flourished at the University of Paris 1267–1269.

Life
He entered the Franciscans in Bruges in about 1240 and was sent to Paris for his studies. A student of Bonaventure, he was regent master at Paris from 1267 to 1269. He was elected minister provincial of the French province in 1269, then became bishop of Poitiers in 1279, a post which he held until 1306, when he retired because of ill health. He died the following year.

His family name was probably Van den Zande.  He wrote Sermones per totum annum and Excerpta ex sanctis Patribus (Augustine, Gregory, Jerome, Ambrose, Hilary, Isadore and others) but was not widely known until the publication of Quaestiones Disputatae. With Bonaventure, he was a teacher of Matthew of Aquasparta.

Philosophy
As a follower of Bonaventure, Walter accepted that the existence of God is "the first truth" and therefore could not be proved a priori. The school of which he formed part differed from Thomas Aquinas, who held that God's existence can be proved a posteriori but not a priori (see Summa Theologica, I, 2, 1 and I, 2, 3), but contended that being itself was the first object of knowledge.

Works
His surviving works include:
 Super libros primus, secundus et quattuor sententiarum: For MSS, see P. Glorieux, Répertoire des Maîtres en Theologie de Paris, vol. 2, pp. 84–6. Three questions from book one have been edited by E. Longpré, "Questiones inédits du commentaire sur les Sentences de Guathier de Bruges," Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen age, 7 (1932): 251–75. Part of book four has been edited by P. de Mattia, Le questioni sull'Eucaristia di Gualtiero di Bruges. Rome, 1962
 Questiones disputatae Edited by E. Longpré, Questiones disputatae du B. Gauthier de Bruges. Les Philosophes Belges, Textes et études, 10. Louvain, 1928.
 Instructiones circa divinum officium: Edited M. DePoorter, Un traité de théologie inédit de Gauthier de Bruges: Instructiones circa divinum officium. Sociétié d'émulation de Bruges. Mélanges 5. Bruges, 1911 vol. 12.
 Tabula originalium: Unedited, for MSS see Glorieux, Répertoire, vol. 2, pp. 84–6
 Sermones: See Schneyer, 2 (1970): 103-9
 Lectura super Peryermenias, Commentarium in librum Perihermenias

Sources
 Eardley, P. S., "The Foundations of Freedom in Later Medieval Philosophy: Giles of Rome and his Contemporaries", Journal of the History of Philosophy - Volume 44, Number 3, July 2006, pp. 353–376
 M. J. Grajewski, "Walter of Bruges," New Catholic Encyclopedia 14: 786-7
 F. L. R. Sassen. "Walter von Brügge," Lexicon für Theologie und Kirche, 10 (1965): 947
 Anscar Zawart, The History of Franciscan Preaching and of Franciscan Preachers (1209-1927): A Bio-bibliographical Study'', J. F. Wagner, 1928

Notes

French Friars Minor
French Christian theologians
Catholic philosophers
Medieval French theologians
Scholastic philosophers
13th-century philosophers
13th-century French Roman Catholic bishops
Bishops of Poitiers
1307 deaths
Year of birth unknown


In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, a quartic surface is a surface defined by an equation of degree 4.

More specifically there are two closely related types of quartic surface: affine and projective.  An affine quartic surface is the solution set of an equation of the form

where  is a polynomial of degree 4, such as .  This is a surface in affine space .

On the other hand, a projective quartic surface is a surface in projective space  of the same form, but now  is a homogeneous polynomial of 4 variables of degree 4, so for example .

If the base field is  or  the surface is said to be real or complex respectively. One must be careful to distinguish between algebraic Riemann surfaces, which are in fact quartic curves over , and quartic surfaces over . For instance, the Klein quartic is a real surface given as a quartic curve over . If on the other hand the base field is finite, then it is said to be an arithmetic quartic surface.

Special quartic surfaces
 Dupin cyclides
 The Fermat quartic, given by x4 + y4 + z4 + w4 =0 (an example of a K3 surface).
 More generally, certain K3 surfaces are examples of quartic surfaces.
 Kummer surface
 Plücker surface
 Weddle surface

See also
Quadric surface (The union of two quadric surfaces is a special case of a quartic surface)
Cubic surface (The union of a cubic surface and a plane is another particular type of quartic surface)

References

Complex surfaces
Algebraic surfaces


Boris A. Kordemsky (; 23 May 1907 – 29 March 1999) was a Russian mathematician and educator.  He is best known for his popular science books and mathematical puzzles.  He is the author of over 70 books and popular mathematics articles.

Kordemsky was born in Kiknur, Vyatka Governorate, Russian Empire.  He received his Ph.D. in education in 1956 and taught mathematics at several Moscow colleges.

References
 Age of Puzzles Biography, by  Will Shortz and Serhiy Grabarchuk
 Mini Biography, in Russian.
 Kordemsky's articles in Kvant magazine (in Russian)
 The Moscow Puzzles: 359 Mathematical Recreations By: Boris A. Kordemsky, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1972

1907 births
1999 deaths
Puzzle designers
Recreational mathematicians
Mathematics popularizers
Russian science writers
Soviet non-fiction writers
Soviet male writers
20th-century Russian male writers
20th-century  Russian mathematicians
Male non-fiction writers
Soviet mathematicians


The following is a list of banks in Israel:

Central Bank

Major banks

Other banks

Postal Bank

Foreign banks

Credit card companies

See also
Banking in Israel
Economy of Israel

Israel
Banks
Israel


The UPMC Rooney Sports Complex is a multipurpose, multisport training, sports science, and sports medical complex of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.  The complex is located  along the shore of the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and is unique in that it is the only facility in the United States housing the practice and training facilities for both a collegiate National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football team and a professional National Football League (NFL) team, the University of Pittsburgh Panthers and Pittsburgh Steelers respectively. It is also unique in that it combines these training facilities in one location with an academically based sports science and medicine program.  The complex consists of four centers which include the Center for Sports Medicine, Sports Training Center, Indoor Training Center, and the Fitness and Conditioning Center located in three buildings along with four outdoor practice fields all situated on  of land.  The UPMC Center for Sports Medicine located in the complex is an international destination for amateur and professional athletes alike for its training, medical, and rehabilitation studies and services.

Construction
The UPMC Sport Performance Complex was designed by the architectural firm L. D. Astorino Associates, Ltd. Development was managed by Oxford Development Company and construction of the complex by Mascaro Construction was initiated in June 1999 and completed on September 5, 2000 although the Panthers and Steelers moved into their respective portions of the facility in August. The complex was completed at a cost reported from $30 to $80 million and, as part of Pittsburgh's urban river-front revitalization effort, is located on the former site of the Jones & Laughlin, and later LTV, steel mill in the SouthSide Works. The MRI room had to be encased in five layers of steel plate, plus a sixth layer of copper, in order to shield the MRI machines from the nearby CSX railroad tracks. Fill was also brought in to raise the level of the land where the practice fields are by nine feet in order to keep them out of the flood plain.

The Center for Sports Medicine

The  UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, part of UPMC system flagship UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside, is one of the leading sports medicine centers in the United States and is home for the University of Pittsburgh's and UPMC's Sports Medicine program whose medical faculty is ranked 9th among the top orthopaedic programs in the nation by U.S. News & World Report.  The center is overseen by renowned orthopedic surgeon Freddie Fu, which has led to it often being referred to as "Freddie's building".  In the Center for Sports Medicine building, both the Panthers and Steelers have on-site access to advanced comprehensive sports medicine care provided a team of sports medicine physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, athletic trainers and physical therapists all who specialize in all types of specific sport-related injuries. The full-time sports medicine team also includes sub-specialists in, sport psychology, sports nutrition, sports massage therapy, sports concussion and sports performance enhancement. The center also conducts major injury prevention studies involving, for example, female knee ligament, shoulders, golf and cycling.  It also serves as a research center for such areas as robotic surgery, stem cell tissue regeneration, concussion prevention and human motion.

The center's Sports Concussion Program is directed by some of the country's leading researchers in sports concussion management, including Mark Lovell, Ph.D., director of the NFL and NHL's neuro-cognitive testing program. The program's goals involve developing methods of evaluating the short- and long-term effects of concussion so that a better determination can be made as to when it is safe for an athlete to return to active sports following a concussion.

The center has private examination rooms, and on-site digital x-ray units, and an open magnetic resonance imaging unit designed specifically for the types of musculoskeletal conditions and injuries commonly seen at the center. The diagnostic imaging equipment is highlighted by UPMC-developed filmless digital radiology workstations that provide high-precision x-ray and MRI displays in each of the 34 exam rooms that is instantly accessible on-site via computerized web-based images that can be stored as well as clearly transmitted for consultation anywhere in the world.

The center's  physical therapy and rehabilitation area is fully equipped for physical therapists and athletic trainers to direct specific types of injury rehabilitation. The physical therapy and rehab area also has a  therapeutic pool and a functional gym providing athletes with functional assessment of their rehabilitation progress with their therapist on site. The training and rehabilitation gym is equipped with extensive circuit machines, free weights, and isokinetic and aerobic equipment, a plyometric training floor to help recovering athletes regain power and restore quick movement capabilities, and specialized equipment and training area to simulate an athlete's performance requirements.

In addition to sports injury management, the center also provides a comprehensive Sports Performance Program that is individualized to each athlete, concentrating on achieving optimal athletic performance while preventing injury. The program usually begins with advanced neuro-musculoskeletal assessment in the center's Neuromuscular Research Laboratory. Specific components of the program may include strengthening and conditioning, improving speed, agility and joint stability, identifying and managing any potential areas of weakness, injury prevention, sports massage therapy and nutrition counseling as well as sport-specific skills training. The Sports Performance Program serves a  daily clientele with individualized goals for personal fitness and athletic performance ranging from world-famous elite and professional athletes to nationally known college athletes to local high school and recreational athletes. The center also provides all of its services to many non-athletes with other types of musculoskeletal injuries related to physical activity.

Hundreds of elite athletes and famous individuals have been served at the UPMC Sport Performance Complex including, to name a few, golfer Greg Norman,  Tour de France winners Miguel Indurain and Greg LeMond, wrestler Kurt Angle, hockey star Mario Lemieux, hurdler Roger Kingdom, football stars Dan Marino and Jerome Bettis, ballet star Mikhail Baryshnikov, actress Kathleen Turner,  along with other athletes from the Panthers, Steelers, Duquesne Dukes, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Pittsburgh Penguins.

Indoor practice facility

The  indoor practice facility contains a full-size Act Global artificial grass football field, surrounding track, a racquetball court, and a separate strengthening/conditioning area.  The indoor practice facility, which reaches  high at its center ridge, is almost entirely taken up by a full-size indoor football field with a goal post at each end and surrounded by a four-lane running track.  Located in a separate area of the indoor practice building is a  area fully equipped for the strengthening and conditioning components of the Sports Performance Program.

Panthers/Steelers building

The  Panthers/Steelers indoor training, coaching and management building is split evenly in half, with both organizations having two floors. On the building's first floor are the teams’ weight training and athletic training rooms; locker rooms; and a cafeteria-style kitchen and dining room. On the second floor are team meeting and film viewing rooms, coaching and administrative offices; and working media rooms.

In their half of the building, the Panthers have installed a Panther Hall of Fame and a state-of-the-art training facility, which includes the Duratz Athletic Complex, which features expansive training rooms, team meeting and film-viewing rooms, weight rooms and dining facilities. It additionally houses coaching and administrative staff offices as well as the Panthers' academic support personnel.  Each Panthers coach has their own meeting room for their positional players complete with state-of-the-art video capabilities. The quarterback meeting area was named the "Dan Marino Room" in honor of the former Panthers quarterback and Hall of Famer and was dedicated in November 2000 when Marino returned to his alma mater for a special ceremony honoring his retirement from the NFL.  Pitt's locker room features 128 lockers which are personalized for each Panthers player. Pitt's facilities also include the Hearst Academic Center for Student-Athletes that features a computer lab and student reference library as well as a full-time academic counselor and graduate assistant that are on hand to help the Panthers players in the classroom. The Panthers' weight room is furnished with the latest in training equipment and is utilized year-round for both offseason and in-season lifting regimens. Termed the "Pitt Iron Works", Pitt's weight room was named by Muscle & Fitness magazine as one of the "top 10 toughest gyms in the United States" and has been lauded for providing one of the nation's most advanced training programs.

The Steelers, along with their training facilities, have installed a library in tribute to the Steelers founder, the late Art Rooney.

Outdoors, there are four side-by-side 80-yard-long football practice fields which are ideally situated for private practices and have viewing towers and lighting for evening sessions.  Three of the fields are natural turf and one was outfitted with Sportexe synthetic turf in June 2007.

In addition to being a major corporate sponsor of the teams, UPMC is the teams’ preferred health care and sports medicine provider. Injury evaluation, treatment and rehabilitation as well as UPMC's Sports Performance Program all are available to the athletes on-site year round.

References

External links

 UPMC Rooney Sports Complex
 Center for Sports Medicine Virtual Tour
 Pittsburgh Panthers: UPMC Sports Performance Complex

Sports medicine organizations
Pittsburgh Panthers football
Pittsburgh Steelers
Sports venues in Pittsburgh
Redeveloped ports and waterfronts in the United States
2000 establishments in Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center


Bao Quach (born September 4, 1979) is an American featherweight professional mixed martial artist who has fought for Bellator, Affliction, M-1 Global, EliteXC, Strikeforce, World Extreme Cagefighting, King of the Cage, and Shooto promotions.

Background
Quach is originally from Huntington Beach, California, the son of Vietnamese parents, and attended Dana Hills High School where he excelled in wrestling and was a state qualifier. He continued wrestling at Cerritos College before earning a degree from Cal State Fullerton.

Affliction: Day of Reckoning
Bao Quach agreed to step in for Mark Hominick to face LC Davis at Affliction: Day of Reckoning as Hominick was forced off due to contracting pneumonia. This was Bao's first fight since coming back from his injury which cancelled his 140 lb EliteXC Featherweight Championship fight with Wilson Reis back in September. Quach lost the fight via unanimous decision.

Filmography and other media

Bao was featured in the video game “MMA Supremacy”

Mixed martial arts record

|-
| Win
| align=center| 19–10–1
| Alvin Cacdac
| Submission (triangle/armbar)
| M-1 Challenge 30: Zavurov vs. Enomoto
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:33
| Costa Mesa, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–10–1
| Jeff Willingham
| TKO (punches)
| Lords of Combat – Lords of SoCal: Round 1
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:40
| Irvine, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–10–1
| Georgi Karakhanyan
| KO (knee and punches)
| Bellator 13
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:05
| Hollywood, Florida, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–9–1
| Aaron Miller
| Submission (armbar)
| Respect in the Cage
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:44
| Pico Rivera, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 16–9–1
| Tito Jones
| Decision (unanimous)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Evangelista vs. Aina
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Fresno, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–9–1
| LC Davis
| Decision (unanimous)
| Affliction: Day of Reckoning
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Anaheim, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 15–8–1
| Mark Oshiro
| Decision (unanimous)
| ICON Sport: Hard Times
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| Wins Icon Sport 140 lb North American Championship
|-
| Win
| align=center| 14–8–1
| Armando Sanchez
| Submission (kimura)
| CXF: Uprising in Upland
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:50
| Upland, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–8–1
| Doug Evans
| TKO (punches)
| ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:55
| Friant, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–8–1
| Bobby McMaster
| Decision (unanimous)
| ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 11–8–1
| Chris David
| Decision (unanimous)
| KOTC: Arch Rivals
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Reno, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–8–1
| Tenkei Fujimiya
| Decision (split)
| Shooto: The Arrival: This is Shooto
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Irvine, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–8–1
| Del Hawkins
| TKO (elbows)
| IFO: Eastman vs. Kimmons
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:52
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–8–1
| Rex Payne
| KO (punch)
| No Limits: Proving Ground
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:34
| Irvine, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–8–1
| Armando Sanchez
| TKO (punches)
| Invincible: Fist of Fury II
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:01
| Ontario, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 6–8–1
| Wagnney Fabiano
| KO (head kick)
| APEX: Evolution
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:50
| Quebec, Canada
|
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 6–7–1
| Hatsu Hioki
| Draw
| Shooto: Gig Central 9
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Aichi Prefecture, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 6–7
| Rumina Sato
| Submission (armbar)
| Shooto Hawaii: Souljah Fight Night
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:03
| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 6–6
| Hideki Kadowaki
| Submission (rear naked choke)
| Shooto - Year End Show 2003
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 4:40
| Chiba, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–5
| Cole Escovedo
| Decision (split)
| Gladiator Challenge 15
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Porterville, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–5
| Naoya Uematsu
| Decision (unanimous)
| Shooto - Treasure Hunt 10
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 4–5
| Jeff Curran
| Decision (majority)
| WEC 4
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–4
| David Padilla
| Decision (unanimous)
| Warriors Quest 6: Best of the Best
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 3–4
| Richard Crunkilton
| KO (punches)
| UA 2: The Gathering
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:20
| Cabazon, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 3–3
| David Yeung
| Decision (majority)
| Warriors Quest 3: Punishment in Paradise
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 3–2
| Juliano Prado
| Submission (choke)
| GC 8: School Yard Brawls
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:01
| Friant, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–1
| Kenny Tenorio
| Submission (armbar)
| KOTC 9: Showtime
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:54
| San Jacinto, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 2–1
| Greg Mayer
| KO (punches)
| KOTC 8: Bombs Away
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:17
| Williams, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Dave Hisquierdo
| Decision (unanimous)
| GC 3: Showdown at Soboba
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Friant, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Joe Camacho
| Decision (split)
| GC 2: Collision at Colusa
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Friant, California, United States
|

See also
List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

 BaoQuach.com
 RoundersMMA

Living people
1979 births
American male mixed martial artists
American Muay Thai practitioners
American male sport wrestlers
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Featherweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Sportspeople from Huntington Beach, California
Sportspeople of Vietnamese descent
American sportspeople of Vietnamese descent
American male child actors
American male film actors
Sportspeople from Irvine, California
Dana Hills High School alumni


The Magnet was a British story paper.

The Magnet may also refer to:
The Magnet (novel), a 1931 novel by Maxim Gorki
The Magnet (film), a 1950 Ealing Studios comedy film
The Magnet (Nedor), a minor fictional hero from the Golden Age of Comics
Comme un aimant, a 2000 French film also known as The Magnet

See also
Magnet (disambiguation)


The 1950 Brisbane Carnival was the 11th edition of the Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian football interstate competition. It was the first carnival to be hosted in Queensland and with the ANFC spending more than £15,000 as part of a major effort to promote the code in the state.

Rain was a constant throughout the carnival and as a result most games were held on a soggy Brisbane Exhibition Ground. Several of the matches were played at night using a white ball.

Section A consisted of the usual big three teams, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. The Tasmanian team joined them, having qualified through winning Section B of the 1947 Carnival and a team representing the VFA competed in the top section for the first time, as they were now full members of the Australian National Football Council. The VFA defeated South Australia by eight points in what was the biggest upset of the tournament.  The VFA finished last in Section A, and as a result played Section B winners the Australian Amateurs in a play-off on 15 July 1951 to qualify for Section A at the next carnival in 1953.

Victoria finished the carnival unbeaten to claim the Championship.

The official total attendance was 52,000 with the highest crowds being 15,000 for the VFL vs Western Australia and 8,980 for the VFL vs South Australia match. However the ANFC's gate takings were well below expected, resulting in a massive £10,000 loss.

Results

Section A

Section B

Tassie Medal

Goal-kickers

References

Full Points Footy: 1950 Brisbane Carnival

Australian rules interstate football
Brisbane Carnival, 1950


Aswan Sporting Club (), commonly referred to as Aswan, is an Egyptian football club based in Aswan, Egypt. The club currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League, the highest league in the Egyptian football league system. Aswan was founded on 1 January 1930. It's the biggest team in town, and its opponent is the Al Nasr Lel Taa'den.

History
Aswan played a total of eleven seasons in the Egyptian Premier League in its history. The team first appeared in the Premier league in the 1990–91 season. The longest spell the team spent in the Premier league was for only three consecutive seasons (from 1996–97 to 1998–99).

Recent seasons
Statistics in Egyptian Premier League.

Honours

Domestic
Cup
 Egypt Cup
 Runners-up: 1990–91

Current squad

Coaching staff

References

External links
Aswan SC Facebook
Aswan SC Twitter
Aswan SC Instagram

Football clubs in Egypt
Sports clubs and teams in Egypt
Egyptian Football League clubs
Egyptian Second Division
Egyptian Second Division A clubs


Deas is a Scottish surname. People with this surname include:

 Bob Deas (1886–1960), Australian rules footballer
 Sir David Deas (1807–1876), medical officer in the Royal Navy
 Charles Deas (1818–1867), American painter
 Sir George Deas (1804–1887), Scottish judge
 Jack Deas (1875–1949), Australian rules footballer
 James Deas (politician) (1890–1963), New Zealand politician
 Justin Deas (born 1948), American actor
 Laura Deas (born 1988), Welsh athlete
 Lionel Deas (1872–1913), English cricketer
 Lynn Deas (1952–2020), American professional bridge player
 Malcolm Deas (1941–2023), English historian of Colombia and Latin America
 Paul Deas (born 1972), retired Scottish professional footballer
 Sir Edward Deas Thomson (1800–1879), Australian politician
 Zachariah C. Deas (1819–1882), brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War

See also
Deas (disambiguation)

de:Deas


SS Mahratta was a Brocklebank Line steamship launched in 1917. She ran aground in the English Channel on the Goodwin Sands in October 1939. She was the second and final Brocklebank Line ship with this name. The first Mahratta suffered a similar fate in 1909. After Mahratta broke up, the ship was found to be resting on top of the first Mahratta.

History
SS Mahratta was launched on 20 October 1917. Its name is an old spelling of Maratha. On 6 April 1936, SS Matheran lost her propeller off Port Sudan. It was decided that Mahratta would tow Matheran the  to Suez where another ship would tow Matheran to Alexandria for repairs. Despite Matheran being a bigger ship than Mahratta, the tow was completed at an average speed of .

Shipwreck

On 9 October 1939, Mahratta was inbound to London from Calcutta when she ran aground on the Goodwins. Mahratta had originally been bound for Liverpool but received new orders at Gibraltar to sail to London. Mahratta left Gibraltar as part of Convoy HG 1 on 26 September 1939.  In blackout conditions she ran aground on Fork Spit, less than a mile away from where the first Mahratta had run aground. The Deal hoveller Lady Haig was given charge of the salvage operations. A tug attempted to move Mahratta into deeper water the next day, but the plates on her port side buckled and by nightfall Mahratta had broken in two. The crew of Mahratta were transferred to the steamer Challenge in four trips. On the third trip, a lifeboat full of luggage salvaged from Mahratta was taken in tow, but a large wave almost capsized Lady Haig and the lifeboat was cast adrift after the ten crew from Mahratta on it were rescued.  They were landed at Dover.

Pride of Canterbury ferry incident
On 31 January 2008, the roll on roll off passenger ferry Pride of Canterbury operated by P&O Ferries struck the wreck of Mahratta while manoeuvring in severe weather into a holding position in The Downs. The ferry suffered extensive damage to her port propeller and had to be assisted to berth in Dover. It is not clear whether the wreck site named in the MAIB report is that of the first SS Mahratta or the later vessel.

References

External links
Lloyds Register entry

Shipwrecks in the Downs
Maritime incidents in October 1939
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
1917 ships


The Herzog von Ratibor-Rennen is a Group 3 flat horse race in Germany open to two-year-old thoroughbreds. It is run at Krefeld over a distance of 1,700 metres (1 mile and 99 yards), and it is scheduled to take place each year in November.

History
The event was established in 1876, and it was initially called the Deutscher Gestüt-Preis. It was originally run at Hoppegarten over 1,200 metres.

The race was renamed the Herzog von Ratibor-Rennen in the 1890s. It was named after Viktor, Herzog von Ratibor (1818–93), who served as chairman of German racing's Union-Club.

The Herzog von Ratibor-Rennen was extended to 1,400 metres in 1906. It was moved to Grunewald and cut to 1,200 metres in 1918. It was restored to 1,400 metres in 1920, and returned to Hoppegarten in 1925.

The race was cancelled in 1945 and 1946. It was held at Gelsenkirchen in 1947 and Dortmund in 1948. It was transferred to Krefeld in 1949, and from this point was usually staged in September.

For a period the Herzog von Ratibor-Rennen held Listed status. It was relegated to National Listed level in 1993, and regained its former status in 2003. It was promoted to Group 3, switched to November and increased to 1,700 metres in 2008.

Records
Leading jockey (8 wins):
 Georg Bocskai – Königsfels (1980), Abary (1982), Lagunas (1983), Lirung (1984), Zentaurus (1985), Zampano (1986), Belushi (1990), Barlovento (1995)

Leading trainer (14 wins):
 Heinz Jentzsch – Bandit (1965), Hitchcock (1968), Lombard (1969), Sheba (1972), Licata (1975), La Dorada (1976), Trianon (1977), Esclavo (1978), Abary (1982), Lagunas (1983), Lirung (1984), Zentaurus (1985), Zampano (1986), Macanal (1994)
 (note: the trainers of some of the early winners are unknown)

Winners since 1970

Earlier winners
 1876: Berggeist
 1877: Lateran
 1878: Tristan
 1879: F. F.
 1880: Walpurgis
 1881: Trachenberg
 1882: Architekt
 1883: Weltmann
 1884: Peregrin
 1885: Potrimpos
 1886: Pumpernickel
 1887: Hortari
 1888: Rochsburg
 1889: Dalberg
 1890: Walvater
 1891: Correcticus
 1892: Birkhahn
 1893: Naklo
 1894: Nixnutz
 1895: Erzlump
 1896: Wolkenschieber
 1897: Habenichts
 1898: Namouna
 1899: Don Jose
 1900: Daedalus / Nicus *
 1901: Hamilkar
 1902: Fama
 1903: Gika
 1904: Slaby
 1905: Fels
 1906: Desir

 1907: Galopade / Horizont *
 1908: Meister
 1909: Hort
 1910: Schill
 1911: Kreuzer
 1912: Csardas
 1913: Mischief
 1914: no race
 1915: Chaputchin
 1916: Frohsinn / Landstreicher *
 1917: Skarabae
 1918: Schnellfeuer
 1919: Wallenstein
 1920: König Midas
 1921: Abschied
 1922: Augias
 1923: Patrizier
 1924: Sisyphus
 1925: Aurelius
 1926: Mah Jong
 1927: Contessa Maddalena
 1928: Walzertraum
 1929: Ladro
 1930: Fathia
 1931: Mio d'Arezzo
 1932: Janitor
 1933: Athanasius
 1934: Valparaiso
 1935: Nereide
 1936: Iniga Isolani
 1937: Adlerfee

 1938: Wehr Dich
 1939: Finitor
 1940: Magnat
 1941: Ortwin
 1942: Balios
 1943: Träumerei
 1944: Kampfdegen
 1945–46: no race
 1947: Ostermorgen
 1948: Aubergine
 1949: Liebesorkan
 1950: Wacholdis
 1951: Leidenschaft
 1952: Liebesmahl
 1953: Usurpator
 1954: König Ottokar
 1955: Liebeslied
 1956: Orsini
 1957: Granit
 1958: Matterhorn
 1959: Santa Cruz
 1960: Orlog
 1961: Amboss
 1962: Parabola
 1963: Marinus
 1964: Granado
 1965: Bandit
 1966: Chevalier
 1967: Novara
 1968: Hitchcock
 1969: Lombard

* The 1900, 1907 and 1916 races were dead-heats and have joint winners.

See also

 List of German flat horse races
 Recurring sporting events established in 1876 – this race is included under its original title, Deutscher Gestüt-Preis.

References

 Racing Post / siegerlisten.com:
 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992
 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
 2003, 2004, , , , , , , ,
 galopp-sieger.de – Ratibor-Rennen.
 horseracingintfed.com – International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Herzog von Ratibor-Rennen (2012).
 pedigreequery.com – Ratibor-Rennen – Krefeld.

Flat horse races for two-year-olds
Horse races in Germany
Sport in North Rhine-Westphalia


Collocation extraction is the task of using a computer to extract collocations automatically from a corpus.

The traditional method of performing collocation extraction is to find a formula based on the statistical quantities of those words to calculate a score associated to every word pairs. Proposed formulas are mutual information, t-test, z test, chi-squared test and likelihood ratio.

Within the area of corpus linguistics, collocation is defined as a sequence of words or terms which co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. 'Crystal clear', 'middle management', 'nuclear family', and 'cosmetic surgery' are examples of collocated pairs of words. Some words are often found together because they make up a compound noun, for example 'riding boots' or 'motor cyclist'.

See also
Collocational restriction
Collostructional analysis
Compound noun, adjective and verb
Phrasal verb
Siamese twins (English language)
Terminology extraction
n-gram analysis

External links

What is collocation

References

Tasks of natural language processing
Computational linguistics
Corpus linguistics


Vujadinović () is a Serbian surname, derived from the male given name Vujadin, may refer to:

Đorđe Vujadinović, footballer and football manager
Maša Vujadinović, singer
Miroslav Vujadinović, Montenegrin footballer
Nikola Vujadinović, Serbian footballer
Rajko Vujadinović, footballer

See also
Vukadinović
Vujasinović

Surnames of Montenegrin origin
Surnames of Serbian origin


U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy (D-MA) took positions on many political issues throughout his career via his public comments and senatorial voting record. He was broadly liberal with regard to social issues. Kennedy favored stricter gun control, supported LGBT rights and abortion rights, advocated for universal health care, and legislated for education initiatives.

Abortion
Kennedy was initially opposed to abortion rights; a letter to a constituent dated August 3, 1971, opposed legal abortion on demand. Kennedy's reversal on this issue after the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973 became a source of continuing dispute between him and the Catholic Church, of which he was a member.

In 1987, Kennedy delivered an impassioned speech, condemning Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork as a "right-wing extremist" and warning that "Robert Bork's America" would be one marked by back-alley abortions and other backward practices. Kennedy's strong opposition to Bork's nomination was important to the Senate's rejection of Bork's candidacy. He argued that much of the debate over abortion is a false dichotomy. Speaking at the National Press Club in 2005, he remarked, "Surely, we can all agree that abortion should be rare, and that we should do all we can to help women avoid the need to face that decision." Kennedy voted against the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.

Affirmative action
Kennedy strongly supported affirmative action. In 1996, he called Patrick Chavis a "perfect example" of how affirmative action worked.

Immigration policy
Kennedy introduced, and was a strong supporter of, the 1965 Hart-Celler Actsigned into law by President Lyndon B. Johnsonwhich dramatically changed U.S. immigration policy. Kennedy said: "The bill will not flood our cities with immigrants. It will not upset the ethnic mix of our society. It will not relax the standards of admission. It will not cause American workers to lose their jobs."

Kennedy asserted that the bill would end the favoring of Europeans for immigration into the United States. The 1965 legislation replaced the Immigration Act of 1924, which favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and Canada. Proponents of the 1965 bill argued that immigration laws and quotas were discriminatory, and that American immigration policy should accept people not on the basis of their nationality. This also abolished the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Kennedy's bill was designed to re-allocate visas to poorer countries, and also added the stipulation that extended families of visa holders would also be eligible for visas. Although Kennedy promised the bill would not increase the number of immigrants into the United States, or change the ethnic composition of the United States, immigration numbers doubled from 1965 to 1970, and then doubled again before 1990.

Kennedy was the chairman of the United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Citizenship, and remained a strong advocate for immigrants. Kennedy subsequently took a lead role in several other would-be immigration measures, including the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act (S. 1033) ("McCain-Kennedy") in 2005 and the Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Reform Act of 2007, a bi-partisan measure worked out with President George W. Bush which ultimately failed on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Among other reforms, the 1033 legislation proposed allowing "undocumented immigrants in the U.S. to come out of the shadows, submit to background checks, and register for a legal status. Immigrants and their families would have six years to earn permanent residence and, ultimately, citizenship."

Gun laws
Kennedy was a staunch supporter of gun control initiatives. In 2006, he was one of the 16 senators who voted against the Vitter Amendment prohibiting the confiscation of legally possessed firearms during a disaster.

Energy policy
Kennedy generally favored alternative energy sources, and opposed additional Alaska oil drilling. However, he opposed the Cape Wind wind turbine project which would occur near his home.

Wiretapping

Kennedy joined other Democratic leaders in the Senate to write letters to Majority Leader Harry Reid in 2007, urging him to take up legislation that would block the Bush administration's warrantless wiretapping program. Among authors of other letters to Reid on this subject were Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, Joseph Biden, Russ Feingold, and Barbara Boxer.

Foreign affairs

Vietnam
Following the Cold Warrior path of his brothers, Kennedy was an early proponent of U.S. intervention in Vietnam.
Despite publicly becoming a major voice for some in the anti-war movement, it was acknowledged that Kennedy refused to heed calls to investigate the legality of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, and that in October 1965, Kennedy publicly denounced the growing number of anti-war demonstrations, while visiting the South Vietnam capital of Saigon to discuss refugee problems. He supported not only the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, but also the massive U.S. bombing campaign in North Vietnam as well. He also supported increasing the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam from 23,000 to 175,000, and openly promoted the war effort when he told students at Boston University that a U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam "would permanently undermine our credit with other nations in the area, while we are trying to remain independent of the powerful and historic influence exerted in China".

Afghanistan
Kennedy was a supporter of the War in Afghanistan and the overthrow of the Taliban government in Afghanistan in reaction to the September 11 attacks.

Iraq
Kennedy opposed the American-led 2003 invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq. The AUMF against Iraq, which would authorize a military invasion and sustained occupation in Iraq was voted for in 2002. Kennedy was intensely opposed to the bill, as it would hand over complete military control and maneuverability to the President. Such precedent would not only allow tyrannical military policy, but an undermining of the Democrats. He had also been a harsh critic of the way the invasion of Iraq was planned and conducted by the Bush administration. Kennedy also had said that the best vote he had ever cast in the Senate was his vote against giving President Bush the authority to use force against Iraq.

As the Iraqi insurgency grew in subsequent years, Kennedy pronounced that the conflict was "Bush's Vietnam." In response to the killing of Massachusetts service personnel by roadside bombs, Kennedy became vocal about Humvee vulnerability, and co-sponsored enacted 2005 legislation that sped up production and Army procurement of up-armored Humvees.

In early 2007, preceding Bush's announcement that he would initiate a troop surge in Iraq, Kennedy made a speech at the National Press Club opposing it. Kennedy was the first Senator in the 110th Congress to propose legislation opposing the troop surge.

Israel
Ted Kennedy was a staunch supporter of Israel while in the Senate, and was mourned by Israeli leaders such as Shimon Peres and Avigdor Lieberman as a "friend to Israel" when he died. According to one tally, Ted Kennedy voted 100 percent in concert with positions taken by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee. During the run up to the Iraq War, Kennedy said '"Iran has had closer ties to terrorism than Iraq ... Iran has a nuclear weapons development program, and it already has a missile that can reach Israel."

Ted Kennedy's death gained massive public attention in Israel, as all the Kennedy brothers were big supporters of the Jewish state, including Ted Kennedy. In his Senate career, Kennedy promoted US aid to Israel, and fought against proposed arms sales to Jordan and Saudi Arabia. He became the first American politician to meet with Soviet refuseniks in 1974. He rebuked the George H. W. Bush administration when it stopped loan guarantees with Israeli, given the Israeli settlement issue. He also opposed dividing Jerusalem up in a peace deal.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called Kennedy, "a great friend of Israel", and he continued by saying that Kennedy would be missed. Jewish Agency Chairman Natan Sharansky, who was a prisoner of Zion in the Soviet Union, told The Jerusalem Post, "When we were in prison - when I was in prison - Senator Kennedy was one of the most important contacts for our wives and families. He helped bring down the iron curtain and he helped Soviet Jews immigrate to Israel."

"Kennedy was clearly a friend of Israel all the way, and in every place that he could help us, he did", said Israeli President Shimon Peres. His death was "a very big loss to every sensitive and thinking person the world over. May his soul rest in peace."

The Israeli Foreign Ministry issued a condolence on the death of Ted Kennedy. Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs, Avigdor Lieberman, said Kennedy would be missed, and that he was a great friend of Israel.

Northern Ireland
Kennedy was outspoken in his views about Northern Ireland's constitutional question. In October 1971, he called for the withdrawal of British troops from Northern Ireland, and for all political participants there to begin talks on creating a United Ireland.

In early 2005, Kennedy publicly snubbed Gerry Adams by canceling a previously arranged meeting, citing the Provisional Irish Republican Army's "ongoing criminal activity and contempt for the rule of law." This decision was a direct result of the Northern Bank robbery in December 2004 and the murder of Robert McCartney the following month.

Education
Kennedy became notorious in the 1970s for his support of desegregation busing. He was one of that members of Congress, government, and judges and journalists who supported busing, but sent their own children to private schools.

Kennedy was a leading member of the bi-partisan team that wrote the controversial No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. According to both Kennedy and President Bush, the Act was a compromise. Kennedy then worked on its passage through a Republican-controlled Congress, despite opposition from members of both parties.

Kennedy opposed federal attempts to cut student financial aid, such as Reagan's 1986 planned limitations on Guaranteed Student Loans to students whose families earned over $32,500 a year, and a planned $4,000 cap on all federal aid and benefits that a student could receive in one year. Following the Republican takeover of Congress in November 1994, there was a renewed effort on the part of key Republican leaders to balance the federal budget by cutting financial aid. The new cuts, which Kennedy also opposed, involved reducing the interest the federal government would pay on student loans, and on Clinton's direct lending program. Kennedy supported the College Affordability and Access Act of 2007, which provides $20 billion in new federal financial aid investments for low- and middle-income students and their families.

Kennedy was an original Senate co-sponsor of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, the first federal legislation requiring public schools to educate children with disabilities, regardless of disability and/or cost. Research for this bill uncovered that approximately 48 states had restrictions excluding children with disabilities from the public school system.

Judicial appointments
A long-time member of the Senate Judiciary Committee (and its chairman from 1979 to 1981), Kennedy was an important Democratic voice during debates and confirmation votes on United States Supreme Court nominees. He and Daniel Inouye, also elected in 1962, voted on more appointments than every other Senator, except Robert Byrd.

Kennedy supported the nominations of Abe Fortas and Thurgood Marshall (both by President Lyndon B. Johnson). Of Richard Nixon's nominees, he backed the successful nominations of Warren Burger (for Chief Justice), Harry Blackmun, and Lewis F. Powell. Like most Democrats, he opposed G. Harrold Carswell and Clement Haynsworth (both rejected). He also voted against the confirmation of William H. Rehnquist as Associate Justice, although he was easily confirmed. Kennedy supported Gerald Ford's nomination of John Paul Stevens, who was confirmed unanimously. Of Ronald Reagan's nominees, Kennedy supported Sandra Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia, and Anthony Kennedy (confirmed), but was one of the leaders of opposition against the nomination of Robert Bork. Within 45 minutes of Bork's nomination to the Court, he took to the Senate floor with a strong condemnation of Bork in a nationally televised speech, declaring: "Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, and schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of government." Bork's nomination was rejected, and Kennedy was credited with leading Democratic opposition. Democratic Senator Joseph Biden, though, said that Kennedy's speech was "technically accurate, but unfair", and said that it "drew lines in ways that were starker than reality". Kennedy also opposed William Rehnquist's successful nomination to become Chief Justice. He opposed both of George H. W. Bush's successful nominations, David Souter and Clarence Thomas, as well, but supported Bill Clinton's nominations of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer.

He strongly opposed the successful nominations of both Chief Justice John G. Roberts and Justice Samuel Alito, both nominated by President George W. Bush.

From 2001 to 2003, Kennedy led a forty-five member all-Democrat Senate filibuster to block the appointment of former assistant Solicitor General Miguel Estrada to the United States court of appeals. When Estrada withdrew his nomination, Kennedy proclaimed that it was "a victory for the Constitution".

LGBT Rights
Kennedy was considered to be one of the biggest advocates of LGBT rights in the U.S. Senate, and he received ratings of 100 percent by the Human Rights Campaign for the 107th, 108th, and 109th sessions of U.S. Congress, indicating that he voted in support of issues the HRC considers important with regards to equality for LGBT persons. He was one of the Senate's very few supporters of same-sex marriage, and was one of the fourteen senators to vote against the Defense of Marriage Act in 1996. He also voted against the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment in 2004 and 2006.

Wage and price controls
Kennedy was a long-time advocate of raising the minimum wage. He helped pass the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, which incrementally raises the minimum wage from $5.15 to $7.25 over a two-year period. The bill also included some controversial tax cuts for small businesses and higher taxes for many $1 million-plus executives. Kennedy was quoted as saying, "Passing this wage hike represents a small, but necessary, step to help lift America's working poor out of the ditches of poverty, and onto the road toward economic prosperity".

In the 1970s, Kennedy joined with fellow senators Ernest Hollings and Henry M. Jackson in a press conference, to oppose President Gerald Ford's request that Congress end Richard Nixon's price controls on domestic oil, which had helped to cause the gasoline lines during the 1973 Oil Crisis. Kennedy said he believed ending the price controls (which have been blamed for increasing America's dependence on foreign oil, and were ended in 1981) would produce "no additional oil".

Environmental record
Kennedy had a strong pro-environment voting record. He voted in favor of disallowing an oil leasing program in Alaska's ANWR, removing oil and gas exploration subsidies, including oil and gas smokestacks in mercury regulations, and reducing funds for road-building in forests. He voted against reducing funding to renewable and solar energy projects, requiring ethanol in gasoline, Bush administration energy policy, and approving a nuclear waste repository. Kennedy was a critic of the Bush administration's environmental record, and has stated: "We must not let the administration distort science and rewrite and manipulate scientific reports in other areas. We must not let it turn the Environmental Protection Agency into the Environmental Pollution Agency."

Health care
Kennedy believed that health care coverage was a fundamental right for all individuals, and fought for universal health care in the United States until his death. In 2010, Congress passed, and President Barack Obama signed, the Affordable Health Care for America Act, to provide near universal health care coverage in the United States by 2014. Kennedy's widow, Vicki, attended the signing ceremony for the bill.

18-year-old right to vote
Senator Kennedy was a long proponent of the 18-year-old's right to vote. He demonstrated his support in his testimony in front of the Subcommittee for Lowering the Voting Age to 18. During his testimony, he stated: "Long ago, according to historians, the age of maturity was fixed at 21, because that was the age at which a young man was thought to be capable of bearing armor. Strange as it may seem, the weight of armor in the 11th century governs the right to vote of Americans in the 20th century." Senator Kennedy continued to support this initiative until it was realized with the signing of the Twenty-sixth Amendment on July 5, 1971.

References

Notes

Ted Kennedy
Kennedy, Ted
Kennedy, Ted