East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust is one of the largest hospital trusts in England. It runs the Kent and Canterbury Hospital (Canterbury), William Harvey Hospital (Ashford), Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital (Margate), Buckland Hospital (Dover), and the Royal Victoria Hospital (Folkestone) – and some outpatient facilities in the East Kent and Medway areas in England.

It serves a local population of around 759,000 people. It is a teaching trust involved in the education and training of doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals, with  King's College London and, since 2018, Kent and Medway Medical School.

Development
The trust, with Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust was jointly procuring an electronic patient record system in a contract worth £10m – £40m in December 2013.

In April 2014 it was reported that the trust was looking for a partner to develop a private hospital at the William Harvey Hospital site and enhance the returns from the Spencer private hospital on the Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital site with a contract over the next 15 to 15 years.

The trust's proposal to centralise surgery on the Canterbury site in order to manage problems caused by "the increasing sub-specialisation of surgery, the lack of availability of surgeons with skills that are essential to managing high risk and emergency general surgery, and the difficulty recruiting both permanent and locum medical staff" in May 2014 aroused opposition among consultants.

In May 2018 the trust announced plans to transfer 850 cleaning, catering, switchboard and portering staff who work for Serco and 250 NHS staff working on estates, procurement and facilities to a new limited company owned by the trust and described as a social enterprise.

Buildings
In August 2022 it was reported that the trust needed £65 million worth of improvements for critical risk infrastructure including the high voltage transformers at the Kent and Canterbury Hospital, high voltage upgrade works at the Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, Hospital, replacement of obsolete fire alarm cabling and replacement of defective heat exchangers at the neonatal intensive care unit at the William Harvey Hospital.  8% of its estate was classified as bad, life expired and/or at serious risk of imminent failure.

Performance

In 2010, it was named "Trust of the Year 2010" by the healthcare information organisation Dr Foster.

The trust was placed in special measures by Monitor (NHS) in September 2014 following an unfavourable report from the Care Quality Commission.

In 2015 the Trauma Audit & Research Network showed that the William Harvey Hospital in Ashford was the best performing hospital receiving trauma patients in England and Wales, out of 100 hospitals offering trauma facilities across the country, according to survival rates of patients. The Care Quality Commission upgraded the trust from "inadequate" to "requires improvement" and cited significant improvements. Two of the trust's five hospitals were rated as "Good". It was one of 26 responsible for half of the national growth in patients waiting more than four hours in accident and emergency over the 2014/5 winter.  It hit controversy when an RAF sergeant was asked to leave the waiting room in case his uniform upset other patients. It admitted breaching a patient's human rights when it placed a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order on the patients notes because the patient had learning difficulties. The trust had not consulted the family about the decision.

In 2016 the trust saw improvements in its annual Patient-Led Assessment in Care Environments audits, which were introduced nationally in 2013. All hospitals, hospices and day treatment centres that give NHS-funded care are subject to a PLACE inspection.  In April 2016 it admitted that it could not cope with the overwhelming demand on its ophthalmology department, which saw nearly 100,000 patients in 2015/6. 7000 were in need of follow-up and at risk of deteriorating eyesight.

In October 2017 after months of very poor performance against the A&E four hour target it was clearly the worst performing trust in England on A&E in 2017–18, with around 30%t of patients waiting over four hours.  The chair of the trust, Nikki Cole, resigned and was replaced by Peter Carter.  In 2017–18 East Kent Hospitals saw 74.3% of A&E patients within four hours.

In August 2018 it announced that planned orthopaedic operations would be moved from the William Harvey Hospital to the Kent and Canterbury Hospital in an attempt to avoid cancellations.

In 2018 it had 214 estates and facilities related incidents. It runs more than 100 buildings, some of which date back to the 1930s, and appealed for £34 million in emergency capital funding in January 2019.

The trust commissioned 28 beds from a residential home, Ami Lodge in Deal, Kent, to support patients medically fit to leave hospital but not able to return to their own home.  It was forced to abandon the scheme when the Care Quality Commission rated the home "inadequate" in November 2018.

In January 2020, the inquest of baby Harry Richford revealed that he had died due to 7 gross failings which, the coroner said, amounted to neglect.  This led to a public inquiry led by Dr Bill Kirkup.  Well over 200 families came forward to have their own maternity cases examined by the inquiry.

In 2020 the BBC found 7 cases of babies either stillborn or who died shortly after birth since 2016, these cases should have been prevented with better care.   The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists found in 2015, consultants, failing to do labour ward rounds, failing to review women, make care plans or attend out of hours when asked, consultants, rarely did CTG training, and reportedly were, "doing their own thing rather than follow guidelines"  Staff alleged at the review, the board did not consider maternity services a priority and no action would be taken over concerns raised.  In 2014 the trust was put into special measures after Care Quality Commission rated its care, including maternity care inadequate.  Since then the CQC rated it as requiring improvement.

From 2016 to 2019 the trust had to close one of its two maternity units, which are nearly 40 miles apart, to new births 111 times. At least 120 women in labour were diverted.  Although it is not unusual for maternity units close or divert for short periods these closures were unusually frequent.

In October 2020 the trust was prosecuted by the Care Quality Commission for failing  to provide safe care and treatment exposing Harry Richford and his mother Sarah to avoidable harm. Harry died a week after his birth at Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital in 2017.  This is the first such prosecution of an acute trust.  The trust were fined £1.1 million reduced to £733k following a guilty plea.

The Kirkup Inquiry is expected report its findings in September 2022 following 2 years of investigation into maternity services at East Kent.

See also
 Healthcare in Kent
 List of hospitals in England
 List of NHS trusts

References

External links

Organisations based in Kent
NHS foundation trusts
Health in Kent
Medical scandals in the United Kingdom


The Shenzhen anti-police riot began in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, on November 7, 2008, when a policeman threw a walkie talkie at a speeding motorcyclist, causing the driver to lose control of his bike.  The driver then crashed into a lamp post and died a few hours later.  The biker's relatives began gathering people and started a riot against the local police station that grew to involve hundreds of people and thousands of bystanders.

See also
2008 Guizhou riot
Shishou incident

References

Further reading

Shenzhen
Riots and civil disorder in China
Shenzhen
Shenzhen


Northern Soul is a 2008 album by Canadian alternative rock band 54-40.  The album tracks were recorded at The Chapel and 604 in Vancouver, at Otter Point on Denman Island, and Ormond Street Studios in Victoria. The album was self-produced by band members Dave Genn and Neil Osborne and was mixed at The Warehouse Studios by Warne Livesey.

Track listing
 "The Chant" – 4:33
 "Snap" – 4:02
 "The Scare of Meaning Less" – 3:08
 "Northern Soul" – 4:11
 "Where Did the Money Go" – 3:51
 "One Hundred Songs" – 3:26
 "Shade Grows" – 3:35
 "Moonbeach" – 4:12
 "The Wind Down" – 3:43
 "To Face Your Eyes" – 3:16
 "Lucky" – 3:02

References

2008 albums
54-40 albums
True North Records albums
Albums produced by Warne Livesey


The CoRR hypothesis states that the location of genetic information in cytoplasmic organelles permits regulation of its expression by the reduction-oxidation ("redox") state of its gene products.

CoRR is short for "co-location for redox regulation", itself a shortened form of "co-location (of gene and gene product) for (evolutionary) continuity of redox regulation of gene expression".

CoRR was put forward explicitly in 1993 in a paper in the Journal of Theoretical Biology with the title "Control of gene expression by redox potential and the requirement for chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes".  The central concept had been outlined in a review of 1992.  The term CoRR was introduced in 2003 in a paper in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society entitled "The function of genomes in bioenergetic organelles".

The problem

Chloroplasts and mitochondria
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are energy-converting organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.  Chloroplasts in plant cells perform photosynthesis; the capture and conversion of the energy of sunlight.  Mitochondria in both plant and animal cells perform respiration; the release of this stored energy when work is done.  In addition to these key reactions of bioenergetics, chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain specialized and discrete genetic systems.  These genetic systems enable chloroplasts and mitochondria to make some of their own proteins.

Both the genetic and energy-converting systems of chloroplasts and mitochondria are descended, with little modification, from those of the free-living bacteria that these organelles once were.  The existence of these cytoplasmic genomes is consistent with, and counts as evidence for, the endosymbiont hypothesis.  Most genes for proteins of chloroplasts and mitochondria are, however, now located on chromosomes in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells.  There they code for protein precursors that are made in the cytosol for subsequent import into the organelles.

Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genetic systems?

Cytoplasmic inheritance
CoRR seeks to explain why chloroplasts and mitochondria retain DNA, and thus why some characters are inherited through the cytoplasm in the phenomenon of cytoplasmic, non-Mendelian, uniparental, or maternal inheritance.  CoRR does so by offering an answer to this question: why, in evolution, did some bacterial, endosymbiont genes move to the cell nucleus, while others did not?

Proposed solution
CoRR states that chloroplasts and mitochondria contain those genes whose expression is required to be under the direct, regulatory control of the redox state of their gene products, or of electron carriers with which those gene products interact.  Such genes comprise a core, or primary subset, of organellar genes.  The requirement for redox control of each gene in the primary subset then confers an advantage upon location of that gene within the organelle.  Natural selection therefore anchors some genes in organelles, while favouring location of others in the cell nucleus.

Chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes also contain genes for components of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genetic systems themselves.  These genes comprise a secondary subset of organellar genes: genetic system genes.  There is generally no requirement for redox control of expression of genetic system genes, though their being subject to redox control may, in some cases, allow amplification of redox signals acting upon genes in the primary subset (bioenergetic genes).

Retention of genes of the secondary subset (genetic system genes) is necessary for the operation of redox control of expression of genes in the primary subset.  If all genes disappear from the primary subset, CoRR predicts that there is no function for genes in the secondary subset, and such organelles will then, eventually, lose their genomes completely.  However, if even only one gene remains under redox control, then an organelle genetic system is required for the synthesis of its gene product.

Evidence
 Different products of protein synthesis in isolated chloroplasts and mitochondria are obtained in the presence of redox reagents with different redox potentials. In mitochondria, the effect results from a redox signal at the level of respiratory complex II.
 Genes in chloroplasts are selected for transcription according to the redox state of the electron carrier plastoquinone. These genes code for photosynthetic reaction centers and other components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain.
 A modified bacterial sensor kinase couples transcription in chloroplasts to plastoquinone redox state.  This chloroplast sensor kinase is inherited from cyanobacteria and encoded in plant nuclear DNA.  Chloroplast sensor kinase is part of a redox two-component regulatory system in eukaryotes.
 Products of genes most commonly retained in mitochondrial DNA fulfil central roles in the structure of their respective protein complexes, suggesting that their organellar retention allows local control of complex assembly.

See also
 Chloroplast DNA
 Cyanobacteria
 Mitochondrial DNA
 Plastids

References

Bacteria
Cell biology
Eukaryote biology
Evolutionary biology
Genomics
Mitochondrial genetics
Organelles


Panki Thermal Power Station is located at Panki in Kanpur Uttar Pradesh. Its first stage was commissioned in 1967 by the then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi. It has an installed capacity of 660 Mega Watts. The power plant is owned and operated by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam.
It has a 275 Metres high chimney which is one of the tallest structures in India

Operations
The plant has been set up in three stages. The stage had two units of 32 megawatts each and it began operation in 1967 both the units ceased operations in 1998. The second stage had two units of 110 megawatts each and began operation in 1977. The machinery for the second stage was from Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. The second stage ceased operations in 2018 and a third stage was planned.
The Third Stage is under construction, it will have 1 unit of 660 Mega Watts, its foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2019, and it will begin operation by December 2022. The coal to all these units is fed from coal mines of Bharat Coking Coal Limited, Eastern Coalfields Limited by means of Railways.

Future expansion
The state government decided in July 2014 to build a unit of 660 Mega Watts to the power plant. A contract was issued by UPRVUNL to BHEL on EPC basis for construction of 1x660 MW units at Panki on 31 March 2018, with scheduled project completion in December 2022.

See also

 Anpara Thermal Power Station
 Obra Thermal Power Station
 Parichha Thermal Power Station
 Harduaganj Thermal Power Station

References

 JULY 18- DEC - 2018 - EC REPORT PANKI (uprvunl.org)

Kanpur Nagar district
Economy of Kanpur
Coal-fired power stations in Uttar Pradesh
Energy infrastructure completed in 1977
1977 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
20th-century architecture in India


William Shaw  (born 14 May 1958) is a British mathematician, and formerly professor of the mathematics and computation of risk at University College London. He is a consultant on financial derivatives, an author of a primary book on using Mathematica to model financial derivatives, formerly co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal Applied Mathematical Finance.

Shaw studied at King's College, Cambridge, where he studied mathematics; he was Wrangler and earned a B.A. in 1980. In 1981 he won the Mayhew Prize for his performance on the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos. In 1984 he received a D.Phil. (PhD) in mathematical physics from Wolfson College, Oxford. From 1984 to 1987 he was a research fellow at Clare College, Cambridge and C.L.E. Moore Instructor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1987 to 1990, he worked for Smith Associates in Guildford, and ECL in Henley-on Thames. From 1991 to 2002 he was a lecturer in mathematics at Balliol College, Oxford. In 2002 he moved to St Catherine's College, Oxford, where he was University Lecturer in financial mathematics. In 2006 he moved to a Professorship at King's College London and in 2011 to a Professorship at UCL. He returned to the financial industry in 2012 and remained a visiting professor at UCL until 2017.

Books
 Applied Mathematica: Getting Started, Getting it Done by W.T. Shaw and J. Tigg. Addison-Wesley, 1993.
 Modelling Financial Derivatives with Mathematica by W.T. Shaw, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
 Complex Analysis with Mathematica by W.T. Shaw, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

References

External links
 William Shaw's former UCL web-page
 Entry in Mathematics Genealogy Project
 LinkedIn profile

1958 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Academics of King's College London
Academics of University College London
English mathematicians
Mathematical finance
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty


Parichha Thermal Power Station is located at Parichha in Jhansi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about 25 km from Jhansi on the bank of Betwa river. The power plant is owned and operated by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam which is a state enterprise.

Operations
The plant has two stages, having 6 units altogether. The machinery is from Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, M/s ABB, M/s Alstom, M/s Yokogawa. The coal to all these units is fed from coal mines of Bharat Coking Coal Limited and Eastern Coalfields Limited via rail.

All the units of this station are coal-fired thermal power plants, having a total generating capacity of 1140 MW and consisting of the following units -

The coal to all these units is fed from coal mines of BCCL, ECL by means of railways.

Capacity
Parichha Thermal Power Station has a capacity of 1140 MW; 2 units of 110 MW, 2 units of 210 MW and 2 units of 250 MW.  Its sixth unit of 250 MW was commissioned in Apr 2013 taking the total installed capacity to 1140 MW. It is connected to the national grid through NRLDC Delhi.

See also

 Parichha Dam

References

 Pariccha Plant Thermal Power Station
 Power station chimney collapses; 50 feared trapped, Express News Service, 25 May 2010

Coal-fired power stations in Uttar Pradesh
Jhansi district
Energy infrastructure completed in 1985
1985 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
20th-century architecture in India


Vujadin (Cyrillic script: Вујадин) is a traditional Serbian given name, and may refer to:

Vujadin Boškov
Vujadin Stanojković
Vujadin Vujadinović
Vujadin Savić

See also
Vujadinović

Slavic masculine given names
Serbian masculine given names
Masculine given names


Seven Years – Ten Weeks is the debut, and only, studio album released by former Fame Academy winner David Sneddon. Released on 28 April 2003, the album was recorded on the back of the success of Sneddon's winner's single, the self-penned "Stop Living the Lie", which peaked at #1 on the UK Singles Chart, and went on to become the eighteenth highest-selling single of the year. The album's second single, "Don't Let Go", was released a week prior to the album on 21 April.

The album peaked at #5 on the UK Albums Chart, before falling to #18 the following week. Two further singles were released; "Best of Order", on 11 August 2003, and "Baby Get Higher", the lead single from a planned re-release of the album, which failed to materialise after the single's lacklustre chart performance, only peaking at #39.

Production
The album was composed entirely by Sneddon, with two tracks co-written with Scott MacAlister, and four co-written with John Kielty of The Martians. Sneddon claimed his inspirations for the album included the seven years after leaving university, performing on stage in Scotland and his ten-week journey as a contestant on Fame Academy. The album was executively produced by Hugh Padgham, known for his work with Phil Collins and Peter Gabriel in the 1980s, and was recorded with members of Elton John's backing band over a two-month period from February to March 2003.

On 27 April 2003, the album was launched with a special campaign during which David performed seven gigs in ten hours across several towns and cities in Scotland.

Singles
 "Stop Living the Lie" was released as the album's lead single on 13 January 2003, also serving as Sneddon's winner's single from his time on Fame Academy. The single charted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. Notably, it was one of the first self-penned songs by the winner of a television talent show, with Pop Idol contestants Will Young and Gareth Gates both opting to release covers as their debut singles.
 "Don't Let Go" was released as the album's second single on 21 April 2003. It became Sneddon's second top-ten hit, peaking at #3 on the UK Singles Chart.
 "Best of Order" was released as the third and final single from the album on 11 August 2003, peaking at #19 in the UK.
 "Baby Get Higher", the lead single from a planned re-release of the album, was released on 27 October 2003, peaking at #39 in the UK. Due to the single's poor chart performance, the re-release of the album was cancelled.

Track listing

Charts

References

2003 debut albums
David Sneddon albums
Mercury Records albums


Harduaganj Thermal Power Station is located at Qasimpur Power House Colony which is 1 km distance from Harduaganj railway station at Harduaganj in Aligarh district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about 18 km from Aligarh and 105 km from Agra. It is the new electric power station established in Aligarh district; the old one is Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant located in Jawan Sikandarpur of Aligarh district.

The coal for this power plant is sourced from coal mines owned by BCCL and ECL and are transported to the power plant through rail line. The power plant is owned and operated by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam.

Operations
The plant has three stages, first two stages having 7 units capacity ranging between 30 MW to 55 MW were over three decade old and all are closed now. The machinery of currently functioning units are from Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.  The coal for all these units is fed from the coal mines of Bharat Coking Coal Limited and Eastern Coalfields Limited by means of the railways.
This place is also known as Qasimpur Power House. It has two colonies for the employee resident, old colony and new colony and a main market known as dus dukan.

In 2008, Unit-5 of 60MW capacity, lying defunct since 1999, and renovated at a cost of  33 crore started generating power once again. The same unit was closed and the capacity was deleted from UPRVUNL generation capacity in July 2017.

Capacity
Harduaganj Thermal Power Station has an installed capacity of 1270 MW.

In July 2014 state government decided to add another unit of 660 MW to the power plant.
July 2015: The 660 MW unit has been constructed by Toshiba . Thus it has achieved the capacity of 1270 MW

See also
 Sumera Hydroelectric Power Plant
 Kasimpur Power House
 Harduaganj

References

Coal-fired power stations in Uttar Pradesh
Aligarh district
1977 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Energy infrastructure completed in 1977


Spilomyia sayi (Goot, 1964),  the Four-lined Hornet Fly, is a fairly common species of syrphid fly. This species is found from western Canada to northeastern North America. Hoverflies get their names from the ability to remain nearly motionless while in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found around and on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. The larvae are known as the short-tailed larvae, suited for moist areas such as rot holes of trees. It is a wasp mimic.

Adults  are seen from June to October in the northern part of their range. Males engage in hilltopping, where they find high ground to await females. Larvae are found in decaying heartwood of deciduous trees.

Description
For terms see Morphology of Diptera.

Size

Head
The vertex is black against a black background. In the female the antennal prominece is yellow
The face profile is nearly straight, yellow with a wide median black stripe.
The antennae are  elongate as long as the face is deep. The yellow arista is bare. The antennae are reddish brown to brownish black. The flagellum is moderately elongated. The pedicle is very elongate, nearly twice as long as the scape. The flagellum is  trapezoidal and a half longer than wide.
The eyes are bare with clear brown color pattern in living specimens The male eyes are holoptic.

Thorax
The black scutum has a prominent, inverted V shaped yellow structure just above the posterior margin.  There is a small yellow spot on the humeri and  a larger one to the inner side. There is  a slender line above the wings.
The scutellum is black with very narrow yellow rim.
The pleurae are black with distinct yellow markings. There is  a large elongate yellow spot on the meso-pleurae, a large rounded one on the sternopleura, and a smaller one, sometimes obsolete, above the front coxae.

Wings
Wings elongate, brownish along the front border, hyaline behind. Wing with cell R4+5  acute and slightly petiolate; cell r1 open.  The crossvein r-m is strongly oblique.

Legs
The base of front tibia are yellow, the remainder black. The front tarsi are black. The front and mid femur  are strongly swollen. The base of mid femur is yellow, with the remainder brown. The base of the hind femur has a smaller yellow area at the base with the rest mostly black.  The hind femur has an anteriolateral spur. The mid and hind tibia are light ochraceous. The mid and hind tarsi are pale brownish yellow.

Abdomen
This species has a black, elongate cylindrical abdomen, scarcely wider than the thorax and with four yellow bands. Abdominal segment one is entirely black. The second segment has a single conspicuous anterior yellow band  strongly arcuate, with the convexity towards the front and continuing backward onto the third segment. On the third segments there is a single median yellow band narrowly interrupted in the middle. Segment four also with a  median yellow interrupted band and also a band along the posterior edge of the segment. On the posterior angles of the second and third segments there is a small yellow streak, extending a short distance narrowly inward.

Distribution
Canada, United States.

References

External links
Species description

Milesiini
Diptera of North America
Hoverflies of North America
Insects described in 1964


Casimir Lefaucheux (; 26 January 1802 – 9 August 1852) was a French gunsmith. He was born in Bonnétable, France and died in Paris, France.

Casimir Lefaucheux obtained his first patent in 1827. In 1832, he completed a drop-barrel sporting gun with paper-cased cartridges.

Lefaucheux is credited with the development of one of the first efficient self-contained cartridge systems. This 1835 invention, featuring a pinfire mechanism, followed the pioneering work of Jean Samuel Pauly in 1808-1812. The Lefaucheux cartridge had a conical bullet, a cardboard powder tube, and a copper base that incorporated a primer pellet. Lefaucheux thus proposed one of the first practical breech-loading weapons.

In 1846, Benjamin Houllier improved on the Lefaucheux system by introducing an entirely metallic cartridge of copper brass.

In 1858, the Lefaucheux pistolet-revolver became the first metallic-cartridge revolver to be adopted by a national government, becoming the standard sidearm of the French Navy.

In May 1866, Ferdinand Cohen-Blind attempted to assassinate Otto Von Bismarck with a Pepper-box in Lefaucheux pistol

A 7 mm Lefaucheux revolver, used by Paul Verlaine to shoot and wound Arthur Rimbaud in 1873, sold for €435,000 at a 2016 Paris auction.

It is thought likely that the gun with which the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh fatally shot himself in a field in 1890 was a 7 mm Lefaucheux pinfire revolver. The pistol was found, extremely corroded, in 1960 and is on display at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.

Gallery

Notes

References
 Henrotin, Gerard Lefaucheux 7mm pinfire revolver explained, HLebooks.com, 2013
 Henrotin, Gerard European percussion & pinfire shotguns explained, HLebooks.com, 2011

Gunsmiths
1802 births
1852 deaths
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery


Stephen Dwayne Newman (born October 15, 1964) is an American politician of the Republican Party. He has served in the Virginia General Assembly since 1991, first in the House (1991-1996) and then to the Senate of Virginia (1996–present). In 2016, Newman became president pro tempore of the Senate of Virginia. However, in the 2019 Virginia Senate election, although Newman won re-election from his district, Democrats won the majority. On January 8, 2020, Louise Lucas, a senior Democratic senator succeeded Newman as president pro tempore.

Early life and education
Newman was born on October 15, 1964, in Stuart, Virginia. His family later moved to Rustburg, Virginia, where he attended Liberty Christian Academy. Newman then attended Central Virginia Community College and Lynchburg College.

Career
Newman spent four years as a member of the Lynchburg City Council before being elected to the Virginia House of Delegates. He was a member of the House of Delegates from 1992 to 1996, and was elected to the Virginia Senate in 1995. He represents Senate District 23, which includes all of Botetourt and Craig counties and parts of Campbell County, Bedford County, Roanoke County, and Lynchburg City. His district is a safe Republican seat.

Newman is chair of the Senate Committee on Education and Health. Over his decades in the state legislature, Newman gained a reputation as a staunch conservative and a member with a talent for consensus-seeking and negotiation. In 2006, he was a sponsor of the Marshall-Newman Amendment, which banned same-sex marriage in Virginia. He opposed Medicaid expansion in Virginia. He opposed 2014 legislation to decriminalize marijuana in Virginia.

In January 2016, Newman was elected president pro tempore of the Senate of Virginiaand held that position until the 2020 General Assembly session began. The main duty of the pro tem is to preside over the state Senate when the lieutenant governor of Virginia (who is the president of the Senate) is unable to do so.

Notes

External links
Official campaign website

1964 births
21st-century American politicians
Living people
Republican Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
People from Forest, Virginia
People from Stuart, Virginia
University of Lynchburg alumni
Republican Party Virginia state senators


Self-Help (1985) is a collection of short stories by Lorrie Moore.

Contents

"How to Be an Other Woman"
Charlene and Jack meet at a bus stop, and after a few dates, they sleep with each other. Afterward, Jack tells Charlene that even though he has a wife, he's still interested in forming a relationship with her. Charlene agrees to pursue a relationship with him, but as the affair goes on, she notices herself quickly beginning to change. Charlene begins to feel that she is losing her identity; she begins to feel intense anxiety and paranoia about confronting Jack's wife, and deep loneliness and longing when he isn't around. She even goes as far as to lie awake at night with her door unlocked, hoping that he will come over. As the affair continues, Charlene decides to confront Jack about how she lacks emotional support and comfort because he isn't with her enough. Jack confesses to Charlene that he has been separated from his wife; feeling betrayed, Charlene kicks him out of her apartment. Her love for him quickly dissolves, and even though her days become long and tedious, she doesn't let her love for him come back.

"What is Seized"
“What is Seized” is a short story in which the narrator, Lynnie, describes the relationship between her mother and father while she watches her mother's mental and physical health deteriorate. Her mother was married to a cold man and while it is not out rightly stated, it is implied that her father was cheating. Even though her mother has been through a lot, she is trying to show her daughter that she still had a good life and enjoyed all the beautiful parts of it.

"The Kid's Guide to Divorce"
A daughter and her divorced mother hang out for the evening at their home. After making popcorn, the daughter joins her mother who is listening to music on the television. When the program is over, the mother asks her daughter to suggest a new program for them to watch. The daughter suggests "The Late, Late Chiller," a horror movie with a mummy and a werewolf. Cuddling next to each other, the two converse casually until they are interrupted by a minor incident in which the daughter chokes on a piece of popcorn. After a while, the daughter expresses her disgust with the movie, the mother suggests switching to Channel 7, where a rock concert is showing. The daughter agrees and makes the switch. They both give their opinions on the various acts that come on stage until the daughter announces her intention to go to bed. Before she can leave, however, the mother asks how the past three days with her father went. The daughter responds, "they went all right," but specifically leaves out details of alcohol and the fact that her father is with a new woman.

"How"
This second person narrative is told from the point of view of a girl in a struggling relationship. After dating her boyfriend for a while, she begins to grow bored of him and contemplates the good and bad aspects of the relationship. Her unhappiness persists, which leads her to have a short affair. She also starts lashing out at her boyfriend because everything he does gets on her nerves. He wants to have kids and start a family, but she is not ready to take that step with him. After planning her get away she attempts to break up with him, but news of him being sick keeps her from leaving. Going to doctor appointments, and doing what she can to help him get well, she still wants to leave but it never feels like the right time. Another long term affair ensues; she sneaks around and lies to her boyfriend about what she is doing even though he knows the truth. Finally, she takes him to dinner and tells him she wants to break up. She moves out, and after having time to heal, feels nothing but indifference towards leaving him.

"Go Like This"

"How to Talk to Your Mother (Notes)"
A daughter recollects her lifetime with and without her mother in a timeline starting after her mother's death and working backward to her own birth. In each year of her lifetime, the narrator highlights parts of her life that are influential to her character. The story covers her mother's death, the sickness of her mother, her father's death, the narrator's few suitors, and her childhood. Readers follow the narrator on a personal level, allowing insight into who she is as a person and the events that made her that way, ultimately leading to the beginning of the woman's life.

"Amahl and the Night Visitors: A Guide to the Tenor of Love"
In “Amahal and the Night Visitors: A Guide to the Tenor of Love,” Lorrie Moore writes about a breakup between the main character, Trudy, and her boyfriend, Moss. She writes the story in second person, along with the majority of her other stories, so that the reader can connect with the characters on a personal level. The story is broken up into journal entries. Some days Trudy has long, elaborate entries, and other days she only writes a few words. Trudy constantly obsesses over something. She believes that Moss is cheating on her with a fellow cast member, then she believes that Moss is cheating on her with Bob, and she worries about her cat. In some parts of the story, the reader can see a connection between Moss and the cat. She and Moss disagree on whether the cat belongs inside or outside. Trudy doesn't want to let the cat go but Moss disagrees. Finally Trudy lets the cat out, but it never returns. Just like Moss, at the end of the story he leaves her. In both relationships, Trudy is overprotective, and that is what eventually ruins both.

"How to Become a Writer"
The second person narrative follows a determined girl named Francie and her constant struggle with wanting to have a career in writing. She fails often. However, she continues to follow her dream of becoming a writer despite the many difficulties that come her way. We follow the writer through several stages of her life where failure has impacted her becoming a writer, from unsuccessful short stories to her literary demise. The story ends with Francie finding tedious things to do to pass time because she has altogether failed and has severed nearly all personal connections. Still, she is convinced she took the right path and is glad she isn't like everyone else whose lives go "always in the same direction".

"To Fill"
Riva, a depressed retail manager, visits the hospital where her mother receives treatment for mental illness. During these visits, Riva convinces herself that her mother would be fine without the hospital, but Riva's view of reality is warped because she also wishes her life was better, like her mother's. Her mother expresses her wish for Riva to get back together with her boyfriend Phillip, but she forgets that Riva has been married to another man, Tom, for six years. Riva is stuck on losing Phillip, hinting that the title of the story, "To Fill," may be a letter “to Phillip,” as a play on words. Riva's life goes in a downward spiral, and when she catches Tom with his mistress, she stabs him in the stomach. The story ends with Riva in the same hospital as her mom, thinking about her life and the possibility of seeing her son again.

References

1985 short story collections
Alfred A. Knopf books
American short story collections


The 2/16th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army, serving during World War II. Attached to the 21st Brigade that was assigned to the 7th Division, the 2/16th was raised in 1940 as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force from volunteers drawn mainly from the state of Western Australia. After training in Australia, the battalion was deployed to the Middle East where it undertook defensive duties along the Egyptian–Libyan border in early 1941 before taking part in the Syria–Lebanon campaign, fighting against Vichy French forces in June and July. At the conclusion of the campaign, the 2/16th remained in Lebanon, contributing to the Allied occupation force there, before returning to Australia in early 1942 following Japan's entry into the war. In August 1942, they were committed to the fighting along the Kokoda Track and then later fought around Buna and Gona. After a period of rest and reorganisation in Australia, the battalion fought around Lae and then took part in the Finisterre Range campaign in 1943–44. Its final campaign of the war came in Borneo in July 1945. At the end of the war, the 2/16th were disbanded in January 1946.

History

Formation and service in the Middle East
The 2/16th Battalion was recruited in Perth, in the state of Western Australia in early 1940, with its first war diary entry being made on 20 April 1940. Raised from volunteers from the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF), which was established for overseas service at the start of the war, many of the battalion's early recruits were from the goldfields of Western Australia.  After the concentration and training of the battalion's initial cadre in Perth, the battalion was moved to Northam where on 30 April the first draft of recruits arrived and the process of forming the battalion's subunits began. With an authorised strength of around 900 personnel, like other Australian infantry battalions of the time, the battalion was formed around a nucleus of four rifle companies – designated 'A' through to 'D' – each consisting of three platoons.

The unit conducted its own basic training, which was only partially completed prior to its embarkation for Egypt in October 1940. The battalion's first commanding officer was Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Baxter-Cox, and, along with the 2/14th and 2/27th Battalions, it was assigned to the 21st Brigade, which formed part of the 7th Division. The colours chosen for the battalion's unit colour patch (UCP) were the same as those of the 16th Battalion, a unit which had served during World War I before being raised as a Militia formation in 1921. These colours were white over dark blue, in a horizontal rectangular shape, although a border of gray in the shape of a diamond was added to the UCP to distinguish the battalion from its Militia counterpart.

Sailing via India, the 21st Brigade briefly landed at Bombay and constituted for the first time at Deolali, before continuing on to the Middle East. After their arrival in Egypt in late November 1940, the 2/16th moved to Palestine where it continued its training. In February 1941, the 2/16th received a new commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Alex Bath MacDonald, a Permanent Military Force member. Shortly after this, the battalion was allocated to defend the Egypt–Libya border against a possible German attack, and occupied defensive positions.

Syria-Lebanon Campaign
In April 1941, the battalion was transported back to Palestine to take part in Operation Exporter, which was the Allied codename for the Syria-Lebanon Campaign. Commencing in early June 1941, the battalion began offensive actions against Vichy French troops and over the course of the next six weeks fought major actions at the Litani River, Sidon and Damour. The 2/16th Battalion suffered heavily during the campaign, having 264 casualties; according to the Australian War Memorial, this was the most of any Australian unit that took part in the campaign. In August, Lieutenant Colonel Arnold Potts took over command of the battalion. The unit remained in the Middle East until January 1942, being stationed in Lebanon and forming part of the Allied occupation force that was established following the armistice in mid-July 1941.

New Guinea Campaigns
By early 1942, the Japanese had entered the war, and the Australian government decided to bring some of its troops from the Middle East back to Australia to bolster its defences. The 2/16th embarked at the end of January 1942, and returned to Australia, landing at Adelaide in March 1942 after a brief stopover in Fremantle. A period of reorganisation followed as they were prepared for the hardships of jungle warfare, during which time Potts handed over command of the battalion to Lieutenant Colonel Albert Caro; however, the situation in the Pacific at the time was desperate for the Australians, following Japanese victories in Malaya, Singapore, Rabaul and Ambon, and fighting on the Kokoda Track, and so the 2nd AIF troops returning from the Middle East had very little time to prepare for their next campaign. The 2/16th arrived in New Guinea, landing in Port Moresby in mid-August 1942. Later that month it was committed to the battle, and joined the fighting retreat down the Kokoda Track, being rushed into the line around Alola to fill a gap after the 53rd Battalion fell back from Isurava. At the Battle of Mission Ridge in early September it suffered heavy casualties after being encircled by the Japanese and conducting a fighting withdrawal to Imita Ridge. Following its relief in the middle of September, the battalion's surviving members were joined with those from the 2/14th Battalion to form a composite unit temporarily, as the battalion suffered so many casualties in the retreat that it was down to an effective strength of about 200 men; the 2/14th had also suffered heavily.

As the tide of the campaign along the Kokoda Track turned towards the Australians, the Japanese withdrew north towards their beachheads around Buna and Gona, with the Australians in pursuit. A brief period of rest and reorganisation followed for the 2/16th during this time, as they were re-constituted before being committed to the Battle of Buna–Gona in November 1942. Despite the arrival of reinforcements, the battalion could only provide two or its four rifle companies to the fighting, and by early January it was withdrawn, with a strength of only 56 men.

The battalion was subsequently rebuilt on the Atherton Tablelands. During this time, the battalion received over 600 reinforcements from the 16th Motor Regiment; it also received a new commanding officer in Lieutenant Colonel Frank Sublet, who would subsequently command the battalion for the remainder of the war. In August 1943, the battalion deployed to New Guinea again for its second campaign against the Japanese. Staging out of Port Moresby, in early September the 7th Division was flown into Nadzab, and the 2/16th supported operations to capture Lae. After this, it was air transported to Kaiapit, where from late September it took part in the advance up the Markham Valley towards Dumpu. As the division pushed through the Ramu Valley and then moved into the Finisterre Range, the 2/16th undertook a series of patrols and advances, but experienced only minor actions. These culminated in a significant action around Shaggy Ridge on 27–28 December, when it conducted an assault on a position dubbed "The Pimple". In January 1944, at the conclusion of the campaign, the battalion was withdrawn to Port Moresby, and returned to Australia in late March.

Borneo and disbandment
After returning to Australia, the battalion spent over a year training for its final campaign – the Borneo campaign – which came in the final months of the war. After staging out of Morotai Island, on 1 July the battalion took part in the amphibious landing at Balikpapan. Its most significant actions of the Borneo campaign were fought on the first day of this operation, as the 21st Brigade landed on Green Beach, on the right of the lodgement and then advanced east along the coast, tasked with capturing Sepinggang and the airfield at Manggar. Nevertheless, after the initial fighting the battalion continued aggressive patrolling until the end of hostilities in mid-August 1945. Following the war's end the 2/16th Battalion occupied the Celebes before being repatriated to Australia for demobilisation in early 1946. The 2/16th Battalion was disbanded in February 1946 while camped in Brisbane, Queensland.

Throughout its service a total of 3,275 men served with the battalion which suffered 671 casualties, of which 223 were killed or died from wounds, accident or disease. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: three Distinguished Service Orders, six Military Crosses with two Bars, five Distinguished Conduct Medals, 20 Military Medals with one Bar and 63 Mentions in Despatches; in addition, one member of the battalion was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire.

Battle honours
The 2/16th Battalion received 21 battle and theatre honours:

 North Africa, Syria 1941, Syrian Frontier, The Litani, Wadi Zeini, Damour, South-West Pacific 1942–1945, Kokoda Trail, Isurava, Eora Creek–Templeton's Crossing I, Efogi–Menari, Ioribaiwa, Buna–Gona, Gona, Amboga River, Lae–Nadzab, Liberation of Australian New Guinea, Ramu Valley, Shaggy Ridge, Borneo 1945, Balikpapan.

These honours were subsequently entrusted to the 16th Battalion in 1961, and through this link are maintained by the Royal Western Australia Regiment. These honours are carried on by the 16th Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment.

Commanding officers
The following officers served as commanding officer of the 2/16th Battalion:

 Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Richard Baxter-Cox (1940–41)
 Lieutenant Colonel Alex Bath MacDonald (1941)
 Lieutenant Colonel Arnold Potts (1941–42)
 Lieutenant Colonel Albert Edward Caro (1942)
 Lieutenant Colonel Frank Henry Sublet (1943–45).

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 2/16th Battalion (AIF) Association website

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16
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Silamanee (; ; "Quartz") is a Thai costume soap drama (known in Thai as a lakhon thorathat, lakhon or lakorn) with the byline: "The love test of a royal princess and a proud man". The show is a remake of a 1994 drama of the same name that was originally based on a novel. Silamanee features Suvanant Kongying and Paul Pattarapon in the main roles.

Plot outline
In the Republic of Chaingrath, located in northern Thailand, a little princess named "Seangfarng" is abandoned by her mother amid an argument over the princess' nationality. Seangfarng is then placed in the care of her father The King of Chaingrath and she later leaves Chaingrath for Bangkok to study, as well as to reunite with her mother, who now has a new family—the princess plans to reunite with her mother, even though she had made a commitment to her mother that they would not meet again.

Ten years later, Seangfarng, the beauty of Chaingrath, transforms herself into beautiful high school girl Ngam Sanluang to hide her real identity from her mother, who is now searching for her. Also, the death of the princess' father provided her with an insight into the "Silamanee", Chaingrath's most precious object (a "Silamanee" is a sacred thing that is traditionally passed down as a marriage gift by the ruler of Chaingrath). The Silamanee has gone missing in Chaingrath due to an arrangement between the king and his closest friend Khun Ruj; however, the Silamanee can be returned to Chaingrath if problems arise in regard to the arrangement—the return of the Silamanee is of the utmost importance to Seangfarng/Ngam and she is provided with the address of the object's location.

The princess then plans to take back the Silamanee, an object that she believes rightfully belongs to her country. With the help of her friend Chalee (the youngest son of Rachasena), who also has a crush on her, Seangfarng/Ngam visits the address where the Silamanee is located. The princess meets a character named "Parote" at the address and she subsequently realizes that Parote is a member of her own family. "Parote" is working in Thai politics, but is also studying, and is the first son of the family. He knows nothing about the princess' true identity, but he directly shows his dislike of the princess towards Seangfarng/Ngam.

Seangfarng/Ngam then disguises herself as a beautiful shopkeeper named Mae Liang and charms Parote when he arrives in her shop for silk that has been sourced from Chiang Rai. The new disguise is part of the princess' second plan to assume three identities to successfully deceive Parote. However, Seangfarng/Ngam's plan to deceive Parote flounders and it not only becomes apparent that he is actually in love with the princess, but that he also knows the true location of the Silamanee. It also becomes clear that Parote already knew the princess' real identity and that he previously wished to marry Seangfarng/Ngam; however, both characters are already engaged to other people.

With the help of friends and family, Parote and Seangfarng/Ngam eventually marry in Chaingrath; however, the new couple relocate to Bangkok due to problems in the princess' home republic. The soap opera then concludes with the return of the Silamanee to Chaingrath, where Seangfarng/Ngam and Parote have returned to assume the roles of King and Queen of Chaingrath.

Reception
Silamanee received positive reviews and it became popular with Thai viewers after the first episode. In its second week, the lakorn received an 11–12 rating from millions of viewers and was ranked number #2—behind another well-established lakorn—in Thailand for that week. Silamanee received a rating of 16 for its final episode and was ranked #1 in Thailand for one day. The show also became the only lakorn to be accompanied by English subtitles.
Silamanee was also popular in Cambodia and VCD copies of the first two episodes sold out within one morning; plans were made to release the lakorn in the United States on DVD and VCD.

Characters
Suvanant Kongying (Kob) as "Princess Saengfarng/Ngam Saenluang/Mae Liang"—the princess of Chiangrath: the only daughter of King Saenluang, the character is sweet and beautiful in the traditional Lanna style; she also possesses a splendid gracefulness, pride and intelligence. However, she is ultimately lonely and seeks the love from her mother that she never received. It is the character's duty to take care of the Chiangrath Province and to return the Silamanee gem stone back to its home. The character transforms herself into an alias, "Ngam Saenluang" (a Political Science student whose background is unknown), to regain the gem stone, while the young, beautiful "Mae Liang" is another alias of the character. The princess' also seeks to prove her dignity and love to the man who she is betrothed to and this becomes her most difficult task.
Pattarapon Sinlapajan (Paul) as "Parote Rachasena": a good-looking man who has everything, including an old "blue-blooded" (hi-so) family—his father is a general and holds a diploma in the discipline of diplomatic. The character works in the Foreign Affairs Commission that operates across different countries. He has a friendly personality, is outgoing and is charming. The character is also intelligent, possesses leadership skills and cherishes his siblings dearly. The character of Princess Saengfarng tests Parote in many ways without the latter character's awareness of the testing that occurs.
Pulpat Attapanyapol as "Chalee Rachasena": the younger brother of Parote, the character is a young artist who is also studying art. Chalee is very moody, but worships and praises love beyond anything else. Chalee is strictly opposed to the notion of condescension; although he comes from a rich family, the character appreciates an ordinary lifestyle and lives his life differently from Parote. Chalee falls in love with Ngam at first sight and immediately knows that Ngam is more complex than she initially appears.
Premsinee Rattanasopha (Cream) as "Sasi Buranayothin": the precious daughter of General Jomnarong and the stepdaughter of Madam Athiti, the character is radiant, cheerful and optimistic. Sasi prioritises love in her life.
Noppol Pitaklopanich (Glom) as "Jao Saibordee": the character is Princess Saengfarng's male cousin and is a native of Chiangrath. The character is good looking, nice and friendly, and, as a member of the royal family, his manners are proper. Jao loves Princess Saengfarng, but he can only be an older brother to her as they are closely related. Jao is aware of how Saengfarng feels and who she actually loves, and points out to the princess that she needs to decrease her pride to connect with the truth of her heart.
Jaturawit Kochanuam (Uthen) as "Lieutenant Colonel Atisak": a young soldier with a promising future, the character is fun and amusing. Atisak is Parote's friend and is also associated with the princess' alias Mae Liang. Atisak is responsible for convincing Parote to meet with Mae Liang.
Sompope Benjatikul as "King Saenluang Na Chiangrath": the Great King of Chaingrath is the perfect father of Princess Searngfarng who raised his daughter alone without the support of his wife. The character finally dies of old age and leaves his daughter with a letter about the Silamanee.
Papassara Teychapaiboon as "Madam Athiti Buranayothin": the wife of General Jomnarong Buranayothin and the mother of Searngfarng; the character initially abandoned her daughter but then attempts to reconnect with the princess. After a long period of resentment, the princess eventually re-unites with Madam Athiti Buranayothin lovingly.
Thapakorn Dissayanant as "General Jomnarong Buranayothin"
Pairoj Jaisingh as "Praya Petcharayoot Rachasena/Luang Rathchanurak"
Sitiporn Niyom as "Prince Gawin of Rathshaan"
Apiradee Pawaputanont as "Madam Samerjai Rachasena"

Casting
During the pre-production period for the lakorn, a number of actresses were considered for the role of Searngfang. The 2004 Thailand Supermodel Contest winner Pancake Khemanit Jamikorn, Ann Thongprasom, Pachrapa Chaichua and Woranut Wongsawan were all considered, but Suvanant Kongying was eventually cast as Searngfang (Jamikorn was actually offered the role but declined). Jamikorn was considered for a minor role on the show following a suggestion from the director, but the idea was never enacted.

Silamanee (jewellery)
The Silamanee in the remake is stylistically different from the gem stone in the original version. The necklace in the original version contains a large bold circle with three dangling droplet-shaped emeralds, while the stone in the remake consists of five dangling emeralds—two rectangular, two square-shaped and one droplet-shaped. Both versions are green in appearance.

With the director's approval, a famous Thai jeweller Kun Chuchai designed the necklace with a Victorian influence. The Silamanee is worth over 100 million baht (approximately USD3.4 million) and once belonged to the Romanov family, the last royal bloodline of Russia.

Chaingrath
Chaingrath is a fictional location that was created for the purpose of the lakorn. However, the culture and tradition that appears on Silamanee was based on the city of Chiang Mai; for example, the celebration of the Loy Krathong festival is used as the inspiration for one of the show's scenes. Chiang Mai is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. The concept of Chaingrath was also influenced by Lanna, an ancient kingdom that was located in the area around Chiang Mai.

Trivia
 Apiradee Pawaputanont return to the cast of the remake—as Madam Samerjai Rachasena—after appearing in the original version.
 While filming the Chaingrath scenes, the actors and actresses preferred the traditional costumes that were similar to the traditional clothing of Burma.

Award nominations

Top Award 2008
"Top Drama"
"Top Actress (lakorn)"
"Best Director"
"Best Rising Star Actor (lakorn)"

Nine Entertain Awards 2009
"Best Actress of the Year"

References

External links

 Drama main page
 Siam Zone galleries and details

Channel 7 (Thailand) original programming
Thai television soap operas
Television series by Workpoint Entertainment
2000s Thai television series
2008 Thai television series debuts
2008 Thai television series endings


Joachim Rumohr (6 August 1910 – 11 February 1945) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. He commanded the SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer.

On 1 April 1944, Rumohr was appointed commander of the 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer. In November 1944, he was promoted to Brigadeführer and led the division during the fighting in Budapest. Rumohr was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. He was seriously wounded during the attempt to break out from the city. Faced with surrender to the Soviet Red Army, Rumohr committed suicide on 11 February 1945.

Awards
 Iron Cross 2nd Class (14 November 1939) & 1st Class  (28 August 1940)
 German Cross in Gold on 23 February 1943 as SS-Obersturmbannführer in Artillerie-Regiment SS-Kavillerie-Division
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knight's Cross on 16 January 1944 as SS-Obersturmbannführer and commander of SS-Artillerie-Regiment 8 "Florian Geyer"
 Oak Leaves on 1 February 1945 as SS-Brigadeführer and commander of 8. SS-Kavillerie-Division "Florian Geyer"

References

Citations

Bibliography

1910 births
1945 suicides
1945 deaths
Military personnel from Hamburg
SS-Brigadeführer
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
German military personnel who committed suicide
Nazis who committed suicide
Waffen-SS personnel
Suicides in Hungary


The Center for Arab-West Understanding (CAWU) developed from the ideals of the Egyptian electronic magazine Arab-West Report. The request for Egyptian NGO status was filed in 2004 and obtained in January 2008. The Center is based in Cairo, Egypt.

The aim of CAWU is to foster a better understanding between the Arab world and other cultures by encouraging students, journalists, academics, religious leaders, and politicians to alter the manner in which they speak and write about people belonging to other cultures or religions, and helping them refrain from polemics, exaggerations and other distortions.

The Center is chaired by Sawsan Gabra Ayoub Khalil. Cornelis Hulsman is the Center's secretary general.

CAWU's Goal
The center hopes to further understanding by applying the following methods: Helping to provide access to accurate, credible and reliable information, improving the public's understanding of the contemporary Islamic world in non-Muslim countries and vice versa, and encouraging accurate reporting and analyses on Arab-West cultural, religious and other key issues involving civil society, both in the Arab world and in the West.

Activities
The center formulated in March 2008 a petition to the Dutch Parliament calling Geert Wilders' statements about Muslims and Islam 'provocative,' and calling on “all Dutch MP's to actively and effectively promote intercultural tolerance, dialogue and harmonious co-existence.” The petition was signed by prominent Muslim and Christian leaders in Egypt.

The center organized a visit of a delegation of Dutch church representatives and Muslim organizations in March 2008 to Egypt which was widely reported about in the Netherlands, asked Egyptian scholars to write reports explaining the Qur'anic texts Wilders highlighted and discussing the crisis on Egyptian TV and in public meetings at Cairo University.

References

2008 establishments in Egypt
Think tanks established in 2008
Think tanks based in Egypt
Organisations based in Cairo
Middle East
Mass media in the Middle East


Bessacarr railway halt was a small halt on the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway in the suburbs of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. It was the first halt south of Doncaster, being just  south of the town on the Joint line following a series of flying junctions and a direct connection to the South Yorkshire Joint Railway.

The halt opened in 1912 but did not appear in public timetables and was closed in 1924.

The site of Bessacarr Halt, along with 7 others, was highlighted as a possible "new station" under a report to Doncaster Borough Council in September 2008, with reopening at some future date a possibility.

References

Disused railway stations in Doncaster
Former Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1912
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1924


"Everyday (Rudebwoy)" is a hip-hop song by Kardinal Offishall featuring Ray Robinson. It was the second single from his third album Fire and Glory.

The song samples the backing track "People Everyday" by Arrested Development, and also includes an interpolation of that song's chorus (which itself is an interpolation of the chorus of the Sly and the Family Stone song "Everyday People"). It was successful in Canada, peaking at #16 on the Canadian Singles Chart. The music video, directed by RT!, earned three MuchMusic Video Awards in June 2006.

Chart positions

References

External links
"Everyday (Rudebwoy)" music video

2005 singles
2005 songs
Kardinal Offishall songs
Songs written by Kardinal Offishall


Goran Ivanišević defeated Guy Forget in the final, 7–6(7–2), 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 1992 Stockholm Open.

Boris Becker was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the quarter-finals to Ivanišević.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

External links
 1992 Stockholm Open draw

Singles


In aeronautics, a trapezoidal wing is a straight-edged and tapered wing planform. It may have any aspect ratio and may or may not be swept.

The thin, unswept, short-span, low-aspect-ratio trapezoidal configuration offers some advantages for high-speed flight and has been used on a small number of aircraft types. In this wing configuration, the leading edge sweeps back and the trailing edge sweeps forward. It can provide low aerodynamic drag at high speeds, while maintaining high strength and stiffness, and was used successfully during the early days of supersonic aircraft.

Design principles
Any wing with straight leading and trailing edges and with differing root and tip chords is a trapezoid, whether or not it is swept.

The area A of such a trapezoidal wing may be calculated from the span s, root chord cr and tip chord ct:

The wing loading w is then given by the lift L divided by the area:

In level flight, the amount of lift is equal to the gross weight.

In a straight trapezoidal wing, such as on the Bell X-1, the thickest part of the wing along its span, the line of maximum chord, runs straight out sideways from root to tip. The leading edge then sweeps backwards and the trailing edge sweeps forward. In a swept trapezoidal wing, the line of maximum chord is swept at an angle, usually forward. This increases the sweep of the leading edge and decreases the sweep of the trailing edge, and in the extreme case both edges sweep backwards by different amounts. The transition form, where the trailing edge is straight, is equivalent to a cropped delta planform.

High-speed trapezoidal wing

At supersonic speeds a thin, small and highly loaded wing offers substantially lower drag than other configurations. Low span and an unswept, tapered planform reduce structural stresses, allowing the wing to be made thin. For minimum drag, wing loading can be in excess of .

Early examples provided a solution to the problem of supersonic flight when engine power was limited. They were made so thin that they had to be machined from a thick, solid sheet of metal. Even with this low-drag wing the Douglas X-3 Stiletto was too underpowered to reach its design flight speed of Mach 2, but the design of its simple hexagonal-airfoil wing was developed for various other X-planes and for Lockheed's widely produced F-104 Starfighter Mach 2.2 high-altitude interceptor.

The small wing of the Starfighter was found to have good gust response at low level, providing a smooth ride at high subsonic speeds. Consequently, the type was adopted for the ground-attack role, notably by the German Luftwaffe. However the high loading of the wing resulted in a high stalling speed with marginal take-off and landing characteristics and a corresponding high level of takeoff and landing accidents.

A variant with a curved airfoil, blunt trailing edge and conventional internal structure was developed for the North American X-15 rocket plane.

Lockheed continued to use the basic design on many of its aircraft proposals in the 1950s, including the Lockheed CL-400 Suntan and early versions of their supersonic transport designs.

High-speed examples

X-planes
 Douglas X-3 Stiletto
 Lockheed X-7
 North American X-15
 Lockheed X-27 project.

Military planes
 Lockheed F-104 Starfighter

See also
 Sweep theory

References
Notes

Wing configurations
Aircraft wing design


"Outside of Me" is a song by Australian band Killing Heidi. It was the second and final single released from their second album, Present (2002). The single is available in two parts, with the same track listing but slightly different artwork. "Outside of Me" was released on 23 September 2002 and peaked at number 12 on the Australian Singles Chart.

Track listing
Australian CD single
 "Outside of Me"
 "Buttup"
 "Taxi Driver"
 "Wartorn Way"
 "Heavensent"

Charts

Weekly charts

Certification

References

2002 singles
2002 songs
Killing Heidi songs
Songs written by Ella Hooper
Songs written by Jesse Hooper
Warner Records singles


René Vignal (12 August 1926 – 21 November 2016) was a French footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for Toulouse, RC Paris and Béziers at club level as well as the France national team.

References
 Profile at FFF

1926 births
2016 deaths
Sportspeople from Béziers
Footballers from Hérault
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Racing Club de France Football players
Ligue 1 players
AS Béziers Hérault (football) players


Sorisan is a mountain in Yangpyeong County, Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province


Federico Raúl Laurito (born 18 May 1990) is an Argentine professional footballer.

External links
 Gazzetta profile
 Primera División statistics
 Federico Laurito at Soccerway

1990 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's youth international footballers
Argentina men's under-20 international footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Primera B de Chile players
Serie B players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
Categoría Primera A players
Newell's Old Boys footballers
Udinese Calcio players
US Livorno 1915 players
Venezia FC players
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
C.D. Cuenca footballers
Everton de Viña del Mar footballers
Barcelona S.C. footballers
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
Fuerza Amarilla S.C. footballers
L.D.U. Portoviejo footballers
Independiente Medellín footballers
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Rosario, Santa Fe
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Colombia


Sithathoriunet (her name means “daughter of Hathor of Dendera”) was an Ancient Egyptian king's daughter of the 12th Dynasty, mainly known from her burial at El-Lahun in which a treasure trove of jewellery was found. She was possibly a daughter of Senusret II since her burial site was found next to the pyramid of this king. If so, this would make her one of five known children and one of three daughters of Senusret II—the other children were Senusret III, Senusretseneb, Itakayt and Nofret.

Sithathoriunet was buried in the Kahun pyramid complex. She must have died while Amenemhat III was pharaoh, since objects with his name were found in her tomb. Her name and titles survived on her canopic jars and on an alabaster vessel found in her tomb.
The tomb was excavated in 1914 by Flinders Petrie and Guy Brunton. It had previously been robbed in antiquity but a niche in the burial site escaped the looters' attention. In this niche were found remains of several boxes filled with jewellery and cosmetic objects, such as razors, a mirror and vases. The jewellery found there is considered to be among the highest quality examples ever found in Ancient Egyptian tombs. Also found were two pectorals, one with the name of Senusret II, the other with the name of Amenemhat III. There was also a crown and several bracelets inscribed with the name of Amenemhat III. Most of the objects are made of gold with inlays of precious stone (cloisonné). Today the majority of the finds are located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York although the crown is located in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

References

Literature

G. Brunton: Lahun I: The Treasure (BSAE 27 en ERA 20 (1914)), London 1920 the book online
H. E. Winlock: The Treasure of el Lahun, New York 1973

Princesses of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt

19th-century BC women


Sfaka is a mountain village in Crete, situated between Agios Nikolaos and Sitia. Sfaka belongs to the Municipality of Sitia.

It has a long history, and archaeological monuments including the meta-Byzantine icons of "Stavrosis" and the Church "Panagia" in the "Kato Chorio". Sfaka now has 200 - 250 inhabitants, but in the past its population was greater than 2000. Recently, Sfaka has been considered a tourist destination for its port, Mochlos.

References

Populated places in Lasithi
Sitia


Joshua Opoku Okoampa (born October 10, 1984) is an American former soccer player. He played at Türkiyemspor Berlin.

Okoampa is currently an assistant coach at Century College in White Bear Lake, Minnesota. He also serves as Technical Director of the North Oaks Blast Soccer Club.

Career
A native of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, Okoampa played college soccer at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. After scoring 14 goals and six assists his senior season Okoampa was named to the 2006 NSCAA/adidas Men's Collegiate All-America Third Team NCAA Division I. He was the fifth all-time scorer in school history with 36 career goals.

In February 2008 he joined Türkiyemspor Berlin of the fourth-tier Regionalliga Nord, signing a 2-year contract. Okoampa was forced to retire in August 2009 due to a leg injury.

Awards
 2006 NCAA Division I All-American
 2006 Horizon League Offensive Player of the Year
 2003-2006 Horizon League All-Conference First Team
 2002 Minnesota Gatorade HS Player of the Year
 2002 Minnesota All-State, All-Metro and Conference MVP
 2000-2002 All-Conference

References

1984 births
Living people
American expatriate men's soccer players
African-American men's soccer players
American sportspeople of Ghanaian descent
Soccer players from Minnesota
Türkiyemspor Berlin players
University of Wisconsin–Green Bay alumni
American men's soccer players
Men's association football forwards
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


Sigurd Emil Roll (14 October 1893 – 24 June 1944) was a Norwegian diplomat and former sprinter who was executed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He had a brother William Roll (diplomat).

Early life and family
Roll was born in Chicago, IL to Wilhelm Jørgen Roll (born 1864 in Asker, Norway) and Sofia Jensen (born 1868 in Asker, Norway). Roll was married in 1918, and had four children. His son Finn joined the Devil's Brigade during World War II.

Olympic athlete
As an athlete he became Norwegian champion in the 400 metres event in 1917. He broke the Norwegian record this year, clocking in 50.9 seconds. He improved his own record to 50.7 seconds in 1920, but lost it to Einar Mangset the following season. He also won silver medals in the 400 metres in 1918 and 1920, as well as medals in the 100 and 200 metres. He represented the sports club Kristiania IF.

Diplomatic and resistance fighter
Roll later served as a US vice consul in Oslo. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany Roll resigned his post and joined the Norwegian underground. He was captured by the Gestapo and imprisoned in a concentration camp for a period. After his release, he allegedly helped Norwegians escape from concentration camps.

Death
On June 24, 1944, Roll was arrested in his office and executed at Holmenkollen Kapell (Oslo) as a part of Operation Blumenpflücken, an attempt to discredit the Norwegian resistance. SS Hauptsturmführer and Sicherheitspolizei officer Ernst Weiner was personally responsible for the murder.

References

1893 births
1944 deaths
Norwegian male sprinters
Norwegian civilians killed in World War II
Track and field athletes from Chicago
Norwegian diplomats
Norwegian people executed by Nazi Germany
American people executed by Nazi Germany
People executed by Nazi Germany occupation forces
Executed people from Illinois


"Don't Let Go" is a song by Scottish singer-songwriter David Sneddon, released as a single on 21 April 2003. Written by Sneddon and Scott MacAlister, the song reached  3 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 36 in Ireland. It was the second single and follow up to Sneddon's debut number-one hit, "Stop Living the Lie".

The song was included on Sneddon's debut album, Seven Years – Ten Weeks. The B-sides to this song – "She Needs to Know", "The Longest Time" and "Smile Again" – did not appear on the album.

Track listings
UK CD1
 "Don't Let Go"
 "She Needs to Know"
 "The Longest Time"
 "Don't Let Go" (CD-ROM video)

UK CD2
 "Don't Let Go"
 "Smile Again"
 "Stop Living the Lie" (CD-ROM video)

UK cassette single
 "Don't Let Go"
 "Smile Again"

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2003 singles
2003 songs
David Sneddon songs
Mercury Records singles
Number-one singles in Scotland
Song recordings produced by Hugh Padgham
Songs written by David Sneddon
Songs written by Scott MacAlister


Grevillea 'Red Hooks' is a  grevillea cultivar from Australia. It is a shrub that grows to 3 metres in height and 4 to 5 metres in width and has pinnate leaves with narrow-linear lobes. The inflorescences comprise greyish-green perianths and red styles which bend backwards. After being grown for many years under the misnomers Grevillea hookeriana or Grevillea hookerana, the cultivar was registered in 1987 under the name 'Red Hooks'. It is thought to be a hybrid of G. longifolia x G. tetragonoloba.

See also
 List of Grevillea cultivars

References

Red Hooks
Cultivars of Australian plants
Garden plants of Australia
Proteales of Australia


Ahmed Mihoubi (2 June 1924 – 24 January 2004) was an Algerian-born French former international football defender.

References

External links

1924 births
2004 deaths
Algerian emigrants to France
Men's association football defenders
Algerian men's footballers
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
FC Sète 34 players
Olympique Lyonnais players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players


Nyota Ndogo (real name Mwanaisha Abdalla, born c. 1981) is a musician from Kenya who performs taarab-influenced pop music.

Ndogo is from the coastal city of Mombasa. She was a school drop-out who worked as a house maid. Her father Abdala Atib was a musician with a local band, but Nyota Ndogo did not take up musical career until being inspired by the hip hop group K-South's lyrics. She was discovered by Andrew Burchell, a Mombasa-based producer.

Nyota Ndogo has released four albums: Chereko, Nimetoka Mbali  Mpenzi and "Mama Wakambo", She won Kisima Award for best Taarab singer in 2003 and Best female singer in 2005. She has three nominations for the upcoming 2008 Kisima Awards. She was nominated for the Best Kenyan female artiste at the 2007 PAM Awards. Her song Watu na Viatu was nominated for the best East African song at the 2007 Tanzania Music Awards.

Her song "Take Care" is featured on the international World 2003 compilation album, while "Chereko" is on the Rough Guide to the Music of Kenya compilation, the same track was also featured on the Rough Guides - Off the Beaten Track compilation.

She has collaborated with Nonini on the track Nibebe  and with Necessary Noize on their track "Nataka Toa". She also did a collaborated with Ally B which was a hit in East Africa. Nyota Ndogo also did a collaboration with the famous Tanzanian Artist known as Q Chilla which was a success making  her do another collaboration with Mr Blue who is also a well known Tanzanian Artist. As a result of this collaboration she was among the nominees who were nominated to perform in Kilimanjaro Awards. In 2013 she also did another collaboration with Tember from Tanzania and Bobby Mapesa from Kenya a hit song called Nawachanganya.

Nyota has represented Kenya in various festivals in East Africa including Sauti za busara and Ziff in Zanzibar. She also represented Kenya in Comoros. Nyota has also performed in Dubai, Germany, and South Africa.
The Mombasa song bird was employed and worked as a radio presenter in of the famous radio station known as Baraka Fm which is based in Mombasa, Kenya.
In 2013 she was among the judges in the biggest television show in East Africa called Tusker Project Fame.The same year she won Best Coast Female Artist of the Year 2013.
Her major song that hit the entire East Africa Airwaves was 'Watu Na Viatu'

On February 29, 2020 Nyota Ndogo published her hit song 'Je Wewe' in YouTube. The song was received with positive feedback from music lovers, her fans and radio stations.

She released a new single entitled "Mungu Wangu" in April 2021

References

 TOTAL AWARDS     = 11

1981 births
Living people
21st-century Kenyan women singers


Ebussuud Efendi (, 30 December 1490 – 23 August 1574) was a Hanafi Maturidi Ottoman jurist and Quran exegete, who served as the Qadi (judge) of Istanbul from 1533 to 1537, and the Shaykh al-Islām of the Ottoman Empire from 1545 to 1574. He was also called "El-İmâdî" because his family was from Imâd, a village near İskilip.

Ebussuud was the son of Iskilipli Sheikh Muhiddin Muhammad Efendi. In the 1530s, Ebussuud served as judge in Bursa, Istanbul and Rumelia, where he brought local laws into conformity with Islamic divine law (sharia). Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent promoted him to Shaykh al-Islām – supreme judge and highest official – in 1545, an office Ebussuud held until his death and which he brought to the peak of its power. He worked closely with the Sultan, issuing judicial opinions that legitimised Suleiman's killings of Yazidis and his successor Selim's attack on Cyprus. Ebussuud also issued legal rulings (fatwās) which labeled the Qizilbash, regardless of whether they lived on Iranian or Ottoman soil, as "heretics", and declared that killing them would be viewed as praiseworthy, other than just being allowed according to law.

Together with Suleiman, the "Lawgiver", Ebussuud reorganized Ottoman jurisprudence and brought it under tighter governmental control, creating a legal framework joining sharia and the Ottoman administrative code (qānūn). While the previously prevailing opinion held that judges were free to interpret sharia, the law that even the ruler was subject to, Ebussuud instituted a framework in which the judicial power was derived from the Sultan and which compelled judges to follow the Sultan's qānūn-nāmes, "law-letters", in their application of the law.

In addition to his judicial reforms, Ebussuud is also remembered for the great variety of fatwās he issued. His opinions allowing Karagöz plays and the consumption of coffee, a novelty at the time, are particularly celebrated. He is also known for a widely-contested fatwā permitting monetary dealings involving riba (interest) in certain situations. This opinion is often referenced by contemporary Muslim modernists.

Footnotes

References

Further reading

1490 births
1574 deaths
Hanafis
Maturidis
Political people from the Ottoman Empire
Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire
Quranic exegesis scholars
Grand Muftis of Istanbul (Ottoman)
16th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Jurists from the Ottoman Empire
16th-century jurists
People from İskilip
Islamic scholars from the Ottoman Empire
Shaykh al-Islāms
Supporters of Ibn Arabi


The Electronic Network for Arab-West Understanding (ENAWU) is a specialized information network that links together a network of think-tanks and information repositories in the West and the Arab world.

Background of ENAWU
The establishment of this network was funded by the Anna Lindh Foundation, the German development organization Misereor, and others.

The network was launched on June 5, 2008 by Prince Hassan bin Talal in Jordan. Project directors are Cornelis Hulsman and Sawsan Gabra Ayoub Khalil.

The Objective of ENAWU

ENAWU aims to foster relations and dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims by providing  access to accurate, credible, and reliable information for use by scholars, diplomats, journalists, students, other researchers and general users. Improving public understanding of the contemporary Islamic world in  non-Muslim countries and, similarly, improving public understanding of the contemporary non-Muslim world in Islamic countries can be accomplished by strengthening, improving and expanding reporting. Reporting that will necessarily include analysis of Arab-West cultural issues, religious issues, and other key factors that involve civil society in the Arab world and the West. ENAWU aims at changing the ways in which sensitive topics involving people belonging to other cultures or religions are discussed, stressing the need to refrain from polemics, exaggerations, and other forms of distortion. The ENAWU portal uses the Arab-West Report as a springboard for discussions, recently encouraging interactive online forum discussions on the controversial film 'Fitna' by Dutch MP Geert Wilders.

History

Dutch sociologist Cornelis Hulsman moved with his Egyptian wife Sawsan Gabra Ayoub Khalil in 1994 to Egypt where they discovered large discrepancies between various (Western) media reporting and what they actually found in Egypt after thorough investigations of various topics reported in media. It became clear that many of the complexities in society and context were insufficiently explained for audiences that generally have little knowledge about Egyptian society. This made Cornelis Hulsman initiate the Religious News Service from the Arab World in 1997. In 2003 the name was changed to Arab-West Report. The data include summary translations from Arabic media, investigative reporting, interviews with major actors. The focus was always non-partisan and never only on tensions or dialogue only. The aim was to give a full overview of the complexity of different convictions in Egyptian society. Arab-West Report was until 2005 the personal initiative of Cornelis Hulsman and Sawsan Gabra Ayoub Khalil.

The Center for Intercultural Dialogue and Translation (CIDT), an Egyptian not for profit company founded in 2005, the Arab-West Foundation in the Netherlands, an NGO founded in 2005 and the Center for Arab-West Understanding, an Egyptian NGO founded in 2007 were established to continue this work and work together on building and expanding the Arab-West Report electronic database with a thorough search system that provides readers with rapid insights into different ways of thinking and reporting from what most audiences are used to seeing.
In 2007/2008, the Anna Lindh Foundation agreed to provide the necessary financial support that actualized the ENAWU project. Prior to that Arab-West Report was built without a standard platform and the databases of participating organizations were distributed on different platforms. In 2008, a portal was developed to link the web-based resources and archives belonging to 15 organizations. These were the organizations that had demonstrated commitment to aspects like intercultural, inter-faith, and dialogue-based activities. The essence of having the portal as searchable as possible was to make it easy for the specific users to access, retrieve, and share information which would be contributing to better understand issues as reported in contemporary media.
Key to the ENAWU project was enhancing the search functions. CIDT developed an indexation system based on the Dewey classification system that university libraries worldwide use. Through this a user can search for topics and see how topics are related to each other. The purpose is showing users that reported items never stand on their own but must be understood in their wider context.

Through the ENAWU project CIDT standardized the transliteration of Arabic names. This was a major headache since none of the participating organizations used the same transliteration system for Arabic names. The participating organizations realized that standardization in one organization is already difficult but that across different organizations it is even more difficult.

The ENAWU project created a very elaborate tagging system to all data online, including names of authors, names of people and organizations mentioned in texts, references of authors to Bible and Qur’an, which helped organizations in Egypt to make a convincing argument against the film Fitna of Geert Wilders in March 2008 .  ENAWU used the Arab-West Report as a springboard for discussions, on the controversial film 'Fitna' by Dutch MP Geert Wilders[3]  and a petition of Egyptian church and Muslim leaders to Dutch Parliament . This resulted in the formation of the Dutch Cairo Committee which consists of representatives of different Christian denominations, Muslim organizations. Later Dutch Jewish organizations joined. Again later the Committee changed its name in Overleg Joden, Christenen, Moslims (OJCM), Consultation Jews, Christians, Muslims.

ENAWU created a hierarchical system for location names (country, governorate, district and smallest administrative units) and linked this to articles in the Arab-West Report database. This makes the search system in particular useful to rapidly discover context to any issue that pops up in the media and thus rapidly quell conspiracy theories and other distortions.

The portal was developed to provide avenues and facilities for participation of all users. The individual registered users, registered organizations, and other casual visitors could readily search, collaborate and communicate while using the portal. As mentioned above, the essence of developing the system in the manner noted was to enhance sharing and collaboration using the information. Having a database that had access to the various other electronically stored data was a significant step in realizing the objectives of ENAWU. As such, the portal developed was created to support the initial supportive organizations, as well as to scale and support a growing number of network partners, members, individuals associated and other entities.
The development of the database went hand-in-hand with the development of student internships. Through the database in particular they became aware how complex many reported issues are that they we should refrain from making rapid judgements.  Many students reported that realities in interfaith relations are far more complex then what they had read in books during their studies.

Thanks to the Electronic Network for Arab-West Understanding project it became much easier for students to build on the experiences and work of previous students. Students became increasingly important to add content to the database, promoted this through social media and other channels.

A key characteristic became the tremendous variety in nationalities at any given point in time. Students love this mix between Egyptians and non-Egyptians of tens of different nationalities. The program became crucial in enabling and developing the next crop of leaders both for the Middle East and Europe. Due to its advantage of enabling the interns to work and collaborate in a multicultural environment while contributing to the goals of ENAWU, the interns were exposed to real issues affecting the Middle East, and how they could help in the furtherance of ENAWU’s objectives as well as similar initiatives from other stakeholders.  Furthermore, the interns’ insights are noted to have played a pertinent role in the realization of the goals of the project.

The database has become a major tool for students and researchers. A substantial number of PhD researchers have used Arab-West Report for their theses. This shows the influence Arab-West Report has on scholarly work related to the role of convictions (religious and secular) in society. Many Muslim and non-Muslim organizations became increasingly interested in the improvement of knowledge-sharing and positive relations both in the West and the Arab world. Other users of the portal include businesspeople, civil society groups and policymakers.

Another part of the portal development was the newsletter. The newsletter was to cover topics that are central to Muslim Christianity relations in the Arab world, highlighting various student activities and would be used as a significant communication tool for ENAWU.

The ENAWU project provided the basis for the ZIVIK Peace Building project in 2010, funded by the Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, Germany. The documents that were produced during the ZIVIK project (and later other projects) have all been added to the Arab-West Report database and are fully searchable.

The original aim was to collect data from different Arab countries and Europe to make this accessible in different languages, including English and Arabic. Financial restrictions made the three organizations concentrate on the Arab-West Report database that is now primarily focused on the role of religion in Egyptian society. In this way the Arab-West Report has become a major and effective hub for Muslim-Christian understanding in Egypt and an example of how this could be set up in other countries as well.

In 2010 it became necessary for CIDT, the leading partner in the ENAWU project, to have a rallying call. The mission statement, set of goals, and methods to be used were defined with support of Dutch consultancy bureau MDF and adopted and ratified into the Strategic Report of October 28, 2010. The mission statement became “a non-partisan organisation that contributes to the peaceful coexistence of religious groups in Egypt,” which has remained unchanged since then.
The keywords are non-partisan, peaceful coexistence of religious groups and Egypt. CIDT is of opinion that country-based organizations should not try to be involved in other countries. For this reason, CIDT welcomes cooperation with similar minded organizations in other countries.

In 2013, catastrophe happened. As part of the political upheavals in Egypt that saw the ouster of President Morsi from power, the core databases of the portal were destroyed. The works on it were temporarily halted and the disaster was subsequently investigated by Dutch company Digital Investigation. The findings were that the attacks were deliberate, these were careful attempts to destroy the gains that the project had realized. The database has been rebuilt since then with precautions through daily back-ups that this cannot happen again.

Prof. Dr. Wolfram Reiss, head of the Department of Systematic Theology and the Study of Religions at the University of Vienna, gave Arab-West Report in 2012 a platform that would include substantial contributions of our student interns which gave many of them a first opportunity to contribute to academic publishing. This resulted in three academic books (part of the series of Anwendungsorientierte Religionswissenschaften [application oriented religious studies] of Tectum Publishers in Germany) about the Egyptian revolution and its aftermath. The books offered new perspectives into the events and outcomes of the uprising. Practically all interviews could be recorded and have been fully transcribed for placement in Arab-West Report which is an absolute fascinating source of information for anyone who wants to understand the complexities of the revolution and its aftermath. The books were praised by Islamists and non-Islamists alike. The forewords of the second and third book were written by H.E. Ambassador Mona Omar and H.E. Amr Moussa in his capacity as former president of the Constituent Assembly of 2014.

Between January 2016 and January 2017, for one year, the Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) of the combined Dutch universities and affiliated research institutions helped transform the collected data into datasets. The datasets were then uploaded to the DANS database. The DANS database was crucial for widening the reach of the database, particularly to academic communities.

Arab-West Report became the basis for the 2018 Intercultural Summer School which was organized by the Center for Arab-West Understanding (CAWU) and Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development. In 2019 the Center for Arab-West Understanding organized a second Intercultural Summer School but this time in cooperation with the Anglican Diocese of Egypt, Al-Azhar Center for Interreligious Dialogue at the Azhar University and Ain Shams University. The summer schools attracted university students from Egypt, Tunisia, Europe and other parts of the world, including students of many different world-views which was intended since only such diversity and encounters can foster real dialogue.

Appraisal

The database has been frequently highly praised for this effectiveness. It involves students worldwide, it gives students, Egyptian and non-Egyptian, an opportunity to learn about intercultural complexities and how to deal with this in an unprecedented way. The database is used by people worldwide and as Dr. Peter O’Brien, an Irish economist working with the EU noted, “Like many crucial problems of conflict and the search for understanding, issues of Arab/West Understanding suffer acutely from the NON SUSTAINABILITY OF MEMORY. Your work, especially the stock of material, makes a vital contribution to sustaining accurate memory. I believe this is not an academic comment, but a vital selling point.”

The database has been praised by prominent people as HRH Prince el-Hassan bin Talal of Jordan, Prof. Andreas van Agt, Prime Minister of the Netherlands, 1977-1082, Lord Dr. George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1991-2002, Dr. Hamdi Zaqzouq, Egyptian Minister of Endowments, 1995-2011, Amr Moussa, Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1991-2001, Secretary General of the League of Arab States, 2001-2011, candidate in the Egyptian Presidential elections in 2012 and chairman of the Egyptian Constituent Assembly in 2013 and many others, including academics, human rights workers, journalists, representatives of NGOs, politicians, religious leaders and diplomats https://www.arabwestreport.info/en/letters-recommendation

References

2008 establishments in Jordan
International organizations based in the Middle East
Mass media in the Middle East