Satan () is a 1920 silent German drama film in three parts, directed by F. W. Murnau, written and produced by Robert Wiene. It was one of Murnau's first directorial attempts, and along with his 1920 Der Januskopf, is today considered a lost film. The film starred Fritz Kortner, Sadjah Gezza and Conrad Veidt. Karl Freund was the cinematographer.

Only a brief fragment of the film is kept in the Cinémathèque Française film archive. Although most of the film no longer exists, it does not seem to be a true horror film, in that allegedly only the third segment of the film deals with the Devil. Robert Wiene probably had more control over the film than Murnau did, since he wrote the screenplay. Murnau hired Conrad Veidt to work with him in his next film, the 1920 Der Januskopf (which also featured Bela Lugosi).

Plot
The film is divided up into three separate short stories. The first segment involves a love triangle between an ancient Pharaoh named Amenhotep, Nouri (the girl he loves) and his young rival Jorab whom she loves. The second segment is an adaptation of Victor Hugo's Lucrezia Borgia. The third story deals with an idealistic young revolutionary named Hans Conrad, who is goaded into violence by a strange man named Grodski (Veidt), who seems to be Satan in human form. Only the third story appears to have had any supernatural overtones.

Cast
 Fritz Kortner as Pharao Amenhotep
 Sadjah Gezza as Nouri - die Fremde
 Ernst Hofmann as Jorab - der Hirt
 Margit Barnay as Phahi - die Frau des Pharao
 Else Berna as Lucrezia Borgia
 Kurt Ehrle as Gennaro
 Jaro Fürth as Rustinghella
 Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur as Prince Alfonso d'Este
 Martin Wolfgang as Hans Conrad
 Marija Leiko as Irene
 Elsa Wagner as Mother Conrad
 Max Kronert as Father Conrad
 Conrad Veidt as Lucifer / Hermit / Gubetta / Grodski

References

External links

1920 drama films
1920 films
Films directed by F. W. Murnau
Films of the Weimar Republic
German anthology films
German black-and-white films
1920s horror drama films
German horror drama films
German silent feature films
Lost German films
The Devil in film
Silent horror drama films
1920s German films
1920s German-language films


The Market Revolution in 19th century United States is a historical model which argues that there was a drastic change of the economy that disoriented and coordinated all aspects of the market economy in line with both nations and the world. Charles Grier Sellers (1927–2021), a leading historian of the Market Revolution, portrayed it as a highly negative development that marked the triumph of capitalism over democracy. He argued that this was one of the most significant transformations of America within the first half of the nineteenth century—indeed, the defining event of world history—the evolution from an agrarian to a capitalist society. Sellers observed:
While dissolving deeply rooted patterns of behavior and belief for competitive effort, it mobilized collective resources through government to fuel growth in countless ways, not least by providing the essential legal, financial, and transport infrastructures. Establishing capitalist hegemony over economy, politics, and culture, the market revolution created ourselves and most of the world we know.

Process
Traditional commerce was made obsolete by improvements in transportation and communication. This change prompted the reinstatement of the mercantilist ideas that were thought to have died out. Increased industrialization was a major component of the Market Revolution as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Northern cities started to have a more powerful economy, while most southern cities (with the marked exception of free labor metropolises like St. Louis, Baltimore, and New Orleans) resisted the influence of market forces in favor of the region's slave system.
It also was in part influenced by the need for national mobility, shown to be a problem during the War of 1812, after which the government increased production of early roads, extensive canals along navigable waterways, and later elaborate railroad networks.

Following the War of 1812, the American economy was altered from an economy dependent on imports from Europe to one that evolved greater internal production and commerce. In 1817 James Monroe replaced James Madison as president of the U.S.. The Democratic-Republicans continued policies begun in Hamiltons's administration. With a new generation of leaders, the Democratic-Republican Party came to embrace the principles of government activism and the development of large-scale domestic manufacturing. Despite all of the promises that characterized the United States, discrepancies loomed: the survival of slavery, treatment of the Native Americans, the deterioration of some urban areas, and a mania for speculation. The nation was not just growing through the addition of land, but population shifts brought about new states to the Union and when Missouri petitioned for statehood in 1819, the issue of slavery was thrust on the national agenda. Thomas Jefferson wrote that the issue awakened him "like a fire bell in the night." That the Missouri question coincided with the nation's worst financial crisis awakened anxieties in many Americans. By the 1820s Americans recognized a rough regional specialization: plantation-style export agriculture in the south, a north built on business and trade, and a frontier west. The regions were interdependent but in time their differences would become more obvious, more important, and increasingly more incompatible.

The market revolution also brought about a change in industry and agriculture. Eli Whitney  perfected a system of producing muskets with interchangeable parts. Prior to Whitney's invention, most muskets—and all other goods—had been handmade with parts specially designed for each particular musket. The trigger of one musket, for example, could not be used to replace a broken trigger on another musket. With interchangeable parts, however, all triggers fit the same model of the musket, as did all ramrods, all flash pans, all hammers, and all bullets. Manufacturers in many different industries soon took advantage of Whitney's invention to make a variety of goods with interchangeable parts.

Many new products revolutionized agriculture in the West. John Deere, for example, invented the horse-pulled steel plow to replace the difficult oxen-driven wooden plows that farmers had used for centuries. The steel plow allowed farmers to till soil faster and more cheaply without having to make repairs as often.

In the 1830s, Cyrus McCormick invented a mechanical mower-reaper that quintupled the efficiency of wheat farming. Prior to the mower-reaper, wheat farming had been too difficult, so farmers had instead produced corn, which was less profitable. As in the South after the cotton gin, farmers in the West raked in huge profits as they acquired more lands to plant more and more wheat. More important, farmers for the first time began producing more wheat than the West could consume. Rather than let it go to waste, they began to transport crop surpluses to sell in the manufacturing Northeast.

The market revolution further exacerbated sectional tensions in the United States. As King Cotton became the primary crop in the South, the need for increase in labor arose; thus, the South increased its use of slaves in producing crops. The American North and Western European countries banned slavery in their countries/regions, and attempted to push the South to abolish slavery as well. The slave trade ended, but slavery did not end. As the textile industry in the North drastically increased, changing women and children's roles and further revolutionizing family structure, the demand for raw products such as cotton increased, meaning an increase in the South's demand for more labor. Ironically, this Northern demand for more cotton for the textile industry increased the Southern demand for slavery, making it harder for the North to end slavery in the South. This increase of labor and industry brought the United States into the world picture for economy and commerce, planting the seed for the United States to increase in wealth and power majority of the time.

Historiography
Sellers argued:

Sellers has explained his motivation for this interpretation:
As both citizen and historian, I took alarm when consensus historians armed the United States for Cold War by purging class from consciousness. Muffling exploitative capital in appealing democratic garb, their mythology of consensual democratic capitalism purged egalitarian meaning from democracy. I winced when Ronald Reagan evoked "democracy" against the Evil Empire though clearly meaning capitalism. I grieved when public discourse translated democracy into "freedom" ("liberty" in the academic mode)—typically meaning freedom to aggrandize yourself without any concern for people who lack the gumption, social advantages, or luck to do the same.

Professor John Lauritz Larson has considered these transformations in his book, The Market Revolution in America: Liberty, Ambition, and the Eclipse of the Common Good.

Historian Daniel Walker Howe  challenges the Sellers' interpretation. First, Howe points out that the market revolution happened much earlier, in the eighteenth century.  Second, Howe thinks Sellers errs in emphasis arguing that because "most American family farmers welcomed the chance to buy and sell in larger markets", no one was mourning the end of traditionalism and regretting the rise of modernity.  The market revolution improved standards of living for most American farmers.  For example, a mattress that cost fifty dollars in 1815 (which meant that almost no one owned one) cost five in 1848 (and everyone slept better).  Finally, retorts Howe, the revolution that really mattered was the "communications revolution": the invention of the telegraph, the expansion of the postal system, improvements in printing technology, and the growth of the newspaper, magazine, and book-publishing industries, and the improvements in higher-speed transportation.

In his debate with Sellers, Howe asks, "What if people really were benefiting in certain ways from the expansion of the market and its culture?  What if they espoused middle-class tastes or evangelical religion or (even) Whig politics for rational and defensible reasons?  What if the market was not an actor (as Sellers makes it) but a resource, an instrumentality, something created by human beings as a means to their ends?"  However, Sellers sums up the differences between his and Howe's arguments this way.  Howe was proposing that the "Market delivers eager self-improvers from stifling Jacksonian barbarism" whereas he saw that a "Go-getter minority compels everybody else to play its competitive game of speedup and stretch-out or be run over."

Howe has praised Larson's approach for rejecting Sellers' "villain":
Larson here redeems the term "market revolution" from the treatment accorded it by Charles Sellers ... Sellers reified the market revolution, making it an actor in his story—indeed, its villain. Sellers's wicked "Market" ruined the lives of happy subsistence farmers, forcing their sons and daughters to become a proletariat in the service of a repressive bourgeoisie. By contrast, Larson shows how the market revolution was made by the people themselves, bit by unwitting bit. His own stance toward this process is richly ironic and nuanced; he never fails to point out ambiguities and paradoxes.

References

Further reading
 Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History, Norton Seagull Ed. 2005.
 Howe, Daniel Walker. Review of Larson, The Market Revolution in America: Liberty, Ambition, and the Eclipse of the Common Good," Journal of the Early Republic (2011 31#3 pp. 520-523 | 10.1353/jer.2011.0048
 Howe, Daniel Walker. "Charles Sellers, the Market Revolution, and the Shaping of Identity in Whig-Jacksonian America." in by Mark A. Noll, ed. God and Mammon: Protestants, Money, and the Market: 1790- 1860 (2001As) pp: 54-74.
 Howe, Daniel Walker. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 (Oxford History of the United States, 2009)
 Larson, John Lauritz. "The market revolution in early America: An introduction." OAH Magazine of History 19.3 (2005): 4-7.
 Larson, John. "The Market Revolution." in Lacy K. Ford, ed., A Companion to the Civil War and Reconstruction (2008) pp: 41-59.
 Larson, John Lauritz. The market revolution in America: liberty, ambition, and the eclipse of the common good (Cambridge University Press, 2009)
 Sellers, Charles. The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (1992)
 Sellers, Charles. "Capitalism and Democracy in American Historical Mythology," in Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway, eds. The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800-1880 (1996) pp 311-30
 Stokes, Melvyn, and Stephen Conway, eds. The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800-1880'' (University of Virginia Press, 1996)

Economic history of the American Civil War
Revolutions by type


The Triftsee is a lake in the Urner Alps near Gadmen in the canton of Berne, Switzerland. It was formed recently (after 2001) by the melting of the lower part of Trift Glacier.

See also
List of mountain lakes of Switzerland

References

Triftsee story on Swissduc.ch

Lakes of Switzerland
Lakes of the canton of Bern


The BMW Sauber F1.09 was the Formula One car with which the BMW Sauber team competed in the 2009 Formula One World Championship. The car was launched on 20 January 2009 at Circuit de Valencia in Spain. It was driven by Poland's Robert Kubica and Germany's Nick Heidfeld, both retained from . The chassis was designed by Willy Rampf, Walter Reidl, Christoph Zimmermann and Willem Toet with the powertrain being designed by Markus Duesmann.

Season summary

After the team's impressive performance in 2008, winning their first race and coming third in the championship, much was expected of them. BMW made a promising start to the season, with Kubica running second at Melbourne and lapping faster than the leader before retiring in a collision, and Heidfeld finishing second at the chaotic Malaysian GP. However, the F1.09 ultimately proved to be disappointing. At times, the drivers could barely scrape through to Q2, let alone challenge for pole. Both drivers expressed discontent with the slow developments to the car. Towards the end of the season things began to look up, with the cars managing fourth and fifth at Spa-Francorchamps and Kubica finishing second at Brazil. However, the damage had been done, and BMW announced that 2009 would be their last season in Formula One. The team eventually finished sixth in the Constructors' Championship.

Complete Formula One results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Driver failed to finish, but was classified as they had completed >90% of the race distance.
 Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance completed.

References

2009 Formula One season cars
BMW Sauber Formula One cars
Sauber F1.09


Thulimbah is a rural town and locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the  the locality of Thulimbah had a population of 319 people. It borders New South Wales.

Geography
Thulimbah is located on the Darling Downs. The town is on the New England Highway,  from the state capital, Brisbane.

History
The name of the town derives from the name of the railway station used from 1883, meaning "place of water" in an Aboriginal language.

Bentinck State School opened on 28 September 1914. On 30 August 1916 it was renamed Thulimbah State School. A preschool was added in 1976.

There was originally another district in Queensland called Thulimbah, which was a source of confusion to many people. Eventually the problem was resolved in 1916 by renaming the other district Barney View (due to its location beside Mount Barney).

At the , Thulimbah and the surrounding area had a population of 534.

In the  the locality of Thulimbah had a population of 319 people.

Economy

Thulimbah is a fruit-growing area, including apples, pears, cherries, grapes and oranges for both table and wine-making. There are a number of wineries, many with cellar door outlets in the area. Other local food producers also offer tastings, sales and cafe menus.

Education
Thulimbah State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 146 Thulimbah School Road (). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 31 students with 4 teachers (3 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).

Attractions

The town is home to one of Australia's big things, a tourist attraction known as the "Big Apple".

References

External links

Towns in Queensland
Towns in the Darling Downs
Southern Downs Region
Localities in Queensland


Raya or raia is a term used in Romanian historiography to refer to former territories of the mediaeval principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia held under the direct administration of the Ottoman Empire, as opposed to the principalities, which kept their internal autonomy under Ottoman suzerainty. The term originated from rayah, a generic name for the non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire.  Though mainly populated by Christian populations, a raya was ruled according to Ottoman law.

A raia consisted of an important fortress and its hinterland, which generally formed a kaza in the Ottoman administrative system. In Wallachia, the raia were located on the northern bank of the Danube, around the fortresses of Turnu Măgurele, Giurgiu and Brăila, while in Moldavia they were situated on the eastern border, around the fortresses of Kiliya, Akkerman, Bender and Khotin.  The territories in Wallachia were transferred back to the latter in 1829 by the Treaty of Adrianople.

References

Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire
Types of administrative division
Turkish words and phrases


Moskvin (masculine, Russian: Москвин) or Moskvina (feminine) is a Russian surname, derived from the word Москва (Moskva, meaning Moscow). It is also a toponym that may refer to

Surname
 Anatoly Moskvin (1968), Russian academic and linguist
Artyom Moskvin (born 1988), Russian football goalkeeper
 Igor Moskvin (1929–2020), Russian/Soviet figure skating coach
 Ivan Moskvin (1874–1946), Russian actor
Kseniya Moskvina (born 1989), Russian swimmer
 Mikhail Trilisser (also known as Mikhail Aleksandrovich Moskvin; 1883–1940), Soviet secret police officer
Nataliia Moskvina (born 1988), Ukrainian trampoline gymnast
 Stanislav Moskvin (born 1939), Soviet Olympic cyclist
 Tamara Moskvina (born 1941), Russian/Soviet figure skating coach
Tatiana Moskvina (born 1973), Russian-born Belarusian judoka
 Tatyana Moskvina (1958–2022), Russian columnist, novelist, actress, radio and TV journalist and host, leading theater and film critic.

Places in Russia
Moskvin Pochinok, a village in Vologda
Moskvina, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a village in Chelyabinsk Oblast

Russian-language surnames
Toponymic surnames


Henry N. "Hank" Kuhlmann (born October 6, 1937) is a former American football coach, and was the interim head coach for the National Football League (NFL)'s Phoenix Cardinals for part of the 1989 season. He assumed the position after Gene Stallings announced his retirement in November. Stallings had intended to finish the season, but general manager Larry Wilson ordered him to leave immediately, believing Stallings would be too much of a distraction.  Kuhlmann finished with an 0-5 record, and was replaced by Joe Bugel before the start of the following season.

Kuhlmann played fullback for the Missouri Tigers football team from 1956 to 1958 under coaches Don Faurot, Frank Broyles, and Dan Devine.  He led the Tigers in rushing and in scoring the 1956 and 1957 seasons and also led the team in interceptions in 1956. Kuhlmann received All-Big Eight Conference honors in 1957.

Kuhlmann also played catcher for the Missouri Tigers baseball team.  In 1958, he was named to the All College World Series team, helping the Tigers to a national runner-up finish.

Upon graduation from Missouri, Kuhlmann signed with the St. Louis Cardinals, spending four years in the minor leagues. He then returned to Missouri, where he served as an assistant coach under Devine before accompanying Devine to the Green Bay Packers and Notre Dame Fighting Irish.

In 2010, Kuhlmann was inducted into the University of Missouri Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame.

Head coaching record

References

External links
 Pro Football Reference
 Baseball Reference

1937 births
Living people
American football fullbacks
Baseball catchers
Green Bay Packers coaches
Indianapolis Colts coaches
Missouri Tigers baseball players
Missouri Tigers football coaches
Missouri Tigers football players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches
Phoenix Cardinals coaches
St. Louis Cardinals (football) coaches
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
People from Webster Groves, Missouri
Baseball players from St. Louis County, Missouri
Players of American football from St. Louis County, Missouri
Phoenix Cardinals head coaches


At the Cat's Cradle, 1992 is the sixth live album by the American rock band Ween. It was released on November 25, 2008 on Chocodog Records.

The 2-disc package includes a CD containing a live performance from December 9, 1992 at the Cat's Cradle in Carrboro, NC. The bonus DVD contains other live performances from 1992, including clips from Ween's first tour of the Netherlands.

Track listing (CD)
All tracks written by Ween.

Track listing (DVD)

Personnel

 Dean Ween, pseudonym for Mickey Melchiondo – lead guitar, vocals
 Gene Ween, pseudonym for Aaron Freeman – lead vocal, guitar
 Aaron Tanner - art direction, design

References

2008 live albums
2008 video albums
Live video albums
Ween live albums
Ween video albums


This is an incomplete list of rivers that are at least partially in Spain. The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow into. Rivers in the mainland Iberian Peninsula can be divided into those belonging to the Mediterranean watershed, those flowing into the Atlantic Ocean and those emptying into the Cantabrian sea (a marginal sea of the Atlantic off the northern coast of the Iberian peninsula).

Tributaries are listed down the page in an downstream direction. The main stem river of a catchment is labelled as , left-bank tributaries are indicated by , right-bank tributaries by . Where a named river derives from the confluence of two differently named rivers these are labelled as  and  for the left and right forks (the rivers on the left and right, relative to an observer facing downstream). The transboundary rivers partially running through Portugal or France and/or along the borders of Spain with those countries are labelled as .

The list begins with the northernmost item of the Mediterranean watershed (close to the French border) and moves clockwise around the Iberian Peninsula.

Outside from the Iberian peninsula mainland, streams in the Canary Islands, the Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla are seasonal watercourses. The Santa Eulàlia river in Ibiza was traditionally considered as the single proper 'river' in the Balearic Islands, but it lost its constant flow by the late 20th-century.

Mediterranean watershed

Catalan basins
This includes the basins emptying in the Mediterranean Sea located in the coastline north from the Ebro. It has to be noted this leaves out the Garonne and the Ebro, both draining parts of Inner Catalonia, as well as small streams in Catalonia emptying in the Mediterranean south from the Ebro.

Muga ( · 65 km)
Manol ( · 42 km)
Fluvià ( · 98 km)
 ()
 ( · 30 km)
 ()
 ()
Ter ( · 209 km)
 ()
 ( · 31 km)
Núria
Rigard
Gurri ()
Mèder ()
Riera Major ()

Güell ()
Onyar/Oñar ( · 34 km)
 ()
 ()
Tordera ( · 50 km)
 ( 31 km)
Besòs ( · 50 km)
Congost ( · 41 km)
 ()
 ( · 28 km)
Ripoll ( · 40 km)
Llobregat ( · 157 km)
 ()
Merlès ( · 47 km)
 ( · 60 km)
Cardener ( · 87 km)
Anoia ( · 58 km)
Foix ( · 49 km)
Gaià/Gayá ()
Francolí ( · 58 km)

Ebro

 Ebro ( · 910 km)
 ( · 28 km; aside from joining the Ebro near Reinosa, the upstream traditional source of the very same Ebro in Fontibre han been recently redescribed as a water spring of the Híjar)
  ( · 35 km)
 Oca ( · 72 km)
 Nela ( · 74 km)
Bayas  ( · 58 km)
 Zadorra ( · 88 km)
 Tirón ( · 64 km)
 Najerilla/Neila ( · 73 km)
Ega ( · 115 km)
Cidacos ( · 79 km)
Aragón ( · 197 km)
  · 51 km)
Irati ( · 80 km)
Arga ( · 149 km)
Alhama ( · 79 km)
Queiles ( · 42 km)
 ( · 80 km)
Jalón ( · 224 km)
Piedra ( · 66 km)
 ( · 64 km)
Jiloca ( · 123 km)
Huerva ( · 135 km)
Gállego ( · 203 km)
 ( · 40 km)
Sotón ( · 52 km)
  ( · 103 km)
  ( · 98 km)
 ( · 35 km)
Guadalope ( · 182 km)
Bergantes ( · 57 km)
Segre ( ·  · 261 km)
Valira/Gran Valira ( · )
 ()
 ( · 30 km)
 ()
Noguera Pallaresa ( · 143 km)
Sió ()
Corb ()
Noguera Ribagorçana/Noguera Ribagorzana ( · 130 km)
 ()
Set ()
Cinca ( · 177 km)
 ( · 66 km)
 (
 (
Ésera ( · 98 km)
 ( · 60 km)
Alcanadre ( · 138 km)
Matarranya/Matarraña ( · 101 km)

Levante
This roughly includes the basins emptying in the Mediterranean Sea ranging from those emptying south from the Ebro to the intermittent seasonal watercourses characteristic of the areas near the border between Murcia and the Andalusian province of Almería.

Cenia/Sénia ()
Mijares/Millars ( · 156 km)
 ( · 32 km)
 ()
 ()
 ( · 81 km)
/Montlleó ( · 83 km)
 ()
 ( · 33 km)
  ()
Turia/Guadalaviar  (280km)
  ( · 99 km)
  ()
Ebrón ()
 /Vallanca ()
 ()
Júcar/Xúquer ( · 498 km)
Huécar ( · 31 km)
Valdemembra ( · 103 km)
Cabriel ( · 263 km)
 ( · 38 km)
/Magro ( · 125 km)
/Cáñoles ( · 63 km)
Serpis ( · 75 km)
Vinalopó ( · 82 km)
Segura ( · 325 km)
Mundo ( · 108 km)
Alhárabe/Moratalla ()
Mula ( · 61 km)
Guadalentín/Sangonera ( · 95 km)

Andalusian Mediterranean basins

Almanzora ( · 105 km)
Andarax ( · 62 km)
 ( · 47 km)
Guadalfeo ( · 72 km)
Trevélez ( · 33 km)
Poqueira ()
  ( · 36 km)
Guadalmedina ( · 48 km)
Guadalhorce ( · 154 km)
  ( · 43 km)
Guadiaro ( · 79 km)
Guadalevín
   ( · 48 km)
  ( · 48 km)

Atlantic watershed
This section features the rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, ranging from the Punta de Tarifa (the meeting point of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic) to the Punta de Estaca de Bares (the conventional boundary between the Atlantic of the Cantabrian Sea, one of the former's marginal seas).

Gulf of Cádiz

Guadalete ( · 173 km)
Majaceite
San Pedro
Guadalquivir ( · 657 km)
 ( · 182 km)
Guadalimar ( · 167 km)
  ( · 127 km)
 ( · 74 km)
 ( · 70 km)
 ( · 90 km)
 ( · 76 km)
Guadalmellato ( · 111 km)
 ( · 114 km)
 ( · 123 km)
 ( · 111 km)
Genil ( · 337 km)
Darro ()
 ( · 58 km)
 ( · 117 km)
 ( · 61 km)
Guadaíra ( · 89 km)
Guadiamar ( · 60 km)
Tinto ( · 93 km)
Odiel ( · 121 km)
  ()
Guadiana ( ·  · 818 km)
 Cigüela ()
Záncara ()
 ()
 (
Córcoles ()
Ojuelo ()
  ()
  ()
  ()
 ()
Guadalupe ()
Zújar ()
  ()
 Gévora/Xévora ( · )
Ardila ( ·  · km)
 ( ·  · km)
Chanza ( · )

Tagus

Tagus/Tajo/Tejo ( ·  · 1007 km; of which 816 km run through Spain and 47 km through the Portugal–Spain border)
Gallo ( · 98 km)
Guadiela ( · 117 km)
 ( · 36 km)
 ( · 62 km)
 ( · 40 km)
 ( · 71 km)
Jarama ( · 194 km)
Lozoya ( · 91 km)
Guadalix ( · 42 km)
Henares ( · 160 km)
 ( · 39 km)
 ( · 38 km)
 ( · 43 km)
 ( · 53 km)
Sorbe ( · 80 km)
 ()
Torote ( · 48 km)
Manzanares ( · 87 km)
Tajuña ( · 226 km)
Ungría ( · km)
Algodor ( · 96 km)
Guadarrama ( · 96 km)
 ()
 ( · 67 km)
Alberche ( · 182 km)
Gaznata  ()
Cofio ( · 51 km)
Perales ( · 29 km)
Tiétar ( · 170 km)
 ()
 ()
 ()
Guadyerbas ( · 45 km)
 ( · 27 km)
 ()
 ()
 Almonte ( · 160 km)
 ( · 84 km)
Gibranzos ( · 37 km)
 ( · 52 km)
 ( · 56 km)
Alagón ( · 201 km)
 ()
 ( · 37 km)
 ( · 70 km)
 ( · 71 km)
 ( · 40 km)

Douro

Douro/Duero ( ·  · 897 km of which 572 km run through Spain and 112 km through the Portugal–Spain border)
Duratón ( · 103 km)
Cega ( · 133 km)
Cerquilla River (30 km)
 ( · 88 km)
Pisuerga ( · 275 km)
 ( · 71 km)
 ( · 58 km)
Odra ( · 65 km)
 ( · 34 km)
Arlanzón ( · 122 km)
 ( · 42 km)
 ( · 50 km)
Arlanza ( · 159 km)
 ()
 ()
 ()
Carrión ( · 178 km)
 ( · 68 km)
Esgueva ( · 100 km)
Adaja ( · 163 km)
Arevalillo ( · 51 km)
Eresma ( · 124 km)
Voltoya ()
 ( · 105 km)
Valtodano ( · 17,5 km)
Trabancos ( · 81 km)
Regamón ( · 29 km)
 ( · 63 km)
 Valderaduey ( · 146 km)
Navajos/Ahogaborricos/Bustillo ( · 51 km)
 ( · 115 km)
Salado ( · 35 km)
Esla ( · 275 km)
Bernesga ( · 76 km)
Rodiezmo de la Tercia ()
 ( · 60 km)
Cea ( · 175 km)
Órbigo ( · 97 km)
Omaña River ( · 50 km)
 ()
 ( · 64 km)
 ( · 95 km)
Tera ( · 138 km)
Negro ( · 51 km)
 () · 41 km)
 ( · 68 km)
Mena () · 21 km)
 Tormes ( · 247 km)
 Águeda ( · 132 km)
Huebra ( · 122 km)
 Tâmega/Támega ( ·  · 145 km of which 52 km run through Spain)

Lima
 Lima/Limia ( ·  · 126 km of which 41 km run through Spain)

Minho-Sil

Minho/Miño ( ·  · 345 km of which the last 75.5 km form the Portugal–Spain border)
  ( · 30 km)
 ( · 42 km)
Sil ( · 225 km)
  ( · 58 km)
 Noceda ()
 Cúa ( · 60 km)
  ( · 63 km)
  ( · 93 km)
 Lor ( · 50 km)
 Mao ( · 31 km)
 Cabe ( · 49 km)
  ( · 30 km)
Avia ( · 38 km)
Arnoia ( · 88 km)
 ()
Barxas/Troncoso/Trancoso ( · )

Rias Baixas and Rias Altas
 Verdugo (39 km)
 Lérez (60 km)
  (64 km)
 Ulla (126 km)
 Sar (42 km)
Tambre (134 km)
Samo (42 km)
Lengüelle (35 km)
 Xallas (62 km)
Anllóns (55 km)
 (57 km)
 (84 km)

Cantabrian watershed
This includes the rivers flowing into the Cantabrian Sea (as well as in the case of the Garonne the wider Bay of Biscay) east of the Punta de Estaca de Bares. They are chiefly short streams streaming down the Cantabrian Mountains and the southern slopes of the Pyrenees.

Eo ( · 79 km)
Nalón ( · 129 km)
Narcea ( · 107 km)
Navia ( · 159 km)
Sella ( · 56 km)
 Dobra ()
Deva ( · 60 km)
Cares  ( · 50 km)
 ( · 50 km)
Saja ( · 58 km)
 ( · 47 km)
Pas ( · 50 km)
Pisueña ( · 33 km)
Miera ( · 39 km)
Asón ( · 39 km)
Gándara ()
Nervión/Nerbioi ( · 69 km)
Cadagua
Ibaizabal
Oria ( · 66 km)
Leitzaran/Leizarán (; 37 km)
Urola ( · 55 km)
Urumea ( · 40 km)
Bidasoa ( ·  · 41.6 km of which the last ones form the France–Spain border)
 Baztán ( · 26.8 km)
 Ezkurra ( · 21.6 km)
 Garonne/Garona ( ·  · 602 km of which roughly 40 km run through Spain)

See also
 List of rivers of Catalonia

References
Informational notes

Citations

External links
 Rivers of Spain in INE (Spain)

Spain
Rivers


Jurica Golemac (born May 29, 1977) is a Slovenian professional basketball coach and former player. He played at both the forward and center positions.

Professional career
In his professional career, Golemac played for Zrinjevac, Union Olimpija, Geoplin Slovan, Efes Pilsen, Cibona, Ural Great, Hapoel Jerusalem, Paris-Levallois, Panellinios, Virtus Roma, Panathinaikos, Zadar, Colossus Rhodes, Alba Berlin, Sidigas Avellino and Krka. He retired from professional basketball in January 2013 after knee injury.

Internationally, Golemac played for the Slovenia national team and represented the country at the 2003, 2005 and 2009 editions of EuroBasket.

Coaching career
Golemac started his coaching career as an assistant coach to Slaven Rimac at Cibona, in November 2013. The surprising victory at the 2013–14 ABA League final four in Belgrade was followed by a string of bad results which resulted in Rimac and Golemac being sacked in December 2015.

In 2016, Golemac was appointed the assistant coach of the Georgia national team and the head coach of Tajfun Šentjur of the Slovenian League.

In May 2017, Golemac was named the head coach of Koper Primorska. In his inaugural season with the club, Primorska won first trophies in its history, including the Slovenian Cup and Supercup. In 2019, Primorska managed to win the ABA League Second Division, being consequently promoted to the First Division. Besides this success, the club also won the first domestic league title, and the second domestic cup in the history. On 20 December 2019, Golemac resigned from Koper Primorska.

On January 27, 2020, Golemac was appointed the head coach of the Slovenian club Cedevita Olimpija, following the departure of his former colleague Slaven Rimac.

References

External links

 ABA League profile
 TBLStat.net profile

1977 births
Living people
Basketball players from Zagreb
Alba Berlin players
Anadolu Efes S.K. players
Centers (basketball)
Greek Basket League players
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
Israeli Basketball Premier League players
KK Cedevita Olimpija coaches
KK Cibona players
KK Krka players
KK Koper Primorska coaches
KK Olimpija players
KK Zadar players
KK Zrinjevac players
Kolossos Rodou B.C. players
Pallacanestro Virtus Roma players
Panellinios B.C. players
Metropolitans 92 players
PBC Ural Great players
Power forwards (basketball)
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in France
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Israel
Croatian expatriate basketball people in France
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Israel
Slovenian men's basketball players
Small forwards

Slovenian people of Croatian descent


Trinidad Municipality is located in Beni Department in Bolivia.

Location
Trinidad Municipio is the southernmost of two municipios in Cercado Province. It borders San Javier Municipality in the North, Moxos Province in the West, and Marbán Province in the South and Southeast.

Trinidad (75,540 inhabitants (2001 census)) is the province capital and is located in the western part of the municipio.

Population
In the recent two decades, the municipio population has increased from 60,953 inhabitants (1992 census) to 79,963 (2001 census) and an estimated 85,500 inhabitants (2008).

The population density of the municipio is 45.1 inhabitants/km2, the urban population rate is 94.5%. (2001)

Life expectancy at birth is 66.4 years. (2001)

The literacy rate of the population older than 19 years is 94.8%, 97.0% with the male and 92.7% with the female population. (2001)

Cantons and Subcantons
The municipio covers an area of 1,773 km2 and contains only one canton (Cantón), Trinidad Canton. This is subdivided into ten subcantons (Sub-Cantones):
Trinidad - 76,217 inhabitants (2001)
Loma Suarez - 817 inhabitants
Puerto Balivian - 194 inhabitants
Puerto Barador - 632 inhabitants
Villa Mayor Pedro Vaca Díez - 329 inhabitants
Casarabe - 894 inhabitants
El Cerrito - 190 inhabitants
Ibiato - 404 inhabitants
San Juan de Agua Dulce - 220 inhabitants
San Javier (Monte Azul - Estancia San Nicolas) - 66 inhabitants

References

External links
Detailed map of Province
Economic data of the municipio (Spanish)
Development index of the municipio (Spanish)
Education level of the municipio (Spanish)

Municipalities of Beni Department


Athboy railway station was the terminus of a branch line which diverged from the Dublin to Navan line at Kilmessan Junction and served the village of Athboy in County Meath, Ireland.

History
Opened by the Dublin and Meath Railway,  the station was absorbed by the Midland Great Western Railway, and so joined the Great Southern Railways.

The station was then nationalised, passing on to the Córas Iompair Éireann as a result of the Transport Act 1944 which took effect from 1 January 1945. It then closed under this management.

References

Disused railway stations in County Meath
1864 establishments in Ireland
1947 disestablishments in Ireland
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in 1864
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland closed in 1947


The Hunchback and the Dancer () is a 1920 silent German horror film directed by F. W. Murnau and photographed by Karl Freund. This is now considered to be a lost film. The film was written by Carl Mayer, who also wrote The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920). Karl Freund later emigrated to Hollywood where he directed such classic horror films as The Mummy (1932) and Mad Love (1935). It premiered at the Marmorhaus in Berlin.

Plot
A repulsive hunchback named James Wilton changes his relationship with women when he discovers a diamond mine in Java. A young woman named Gina, on the rebound from an earlier relationship, begins dating him. Later when she decides to break up with him and go back to her former lover, the hunchback manages to taint her with a poisonous substance that will kill anyone who kisses her. After two of her paramours die before her eyes, she finally catches on that he had contaminated her, and she decides to get revenge by luring the hunchback into kissing her himself.

Cast
 Sascha Gura as Gina
 John Gottowt as James Wilton
 Paul Biensfeldt as Smith
 Henri Peters-Arnolds as Percy
 Bella Polini as Tänzerin
 Werner Krauss (unconfirmed)
 Lyda Salmonova (unconfirmed)
 Anna von Palen as  Smith's mother

See also
List of lost films

References

External links

1920 films
1920 horror films
1920 lost films
German silent feature films
German black-and-white films
Films of the Weimar Republic
Films directed by F. W. Murnau
Lost horror films
Films with screenplays by Carl Mayer
Lost German films
German horror films
Silent horror films
1920s German films
1920s German-language films


John Sjoberg (12 June 1941 – 2 October 2008) was a Scottish footballer who played 15 seasons for Leicester City between 1958 and 1973. Sjoberg joined the Foxes from Scottish amateur side Banks O' Dee in August 1958, and went on to play 413 first-team matches for Leicester. His played mostly as a full-back, but transitioned to centre-half towards the end of his career.

Sjoberg made his debut for Leicester in a 2–1 victory at Cardiff City in October 1960 and was an almost ever-present in the great Ice Kings side of 1962/63, including playing in the final at Wembley, where City lost 3–1 to Manchester United, and the following season he was a member of the Leicester side that won the League Cup, securing the Foxes their first major trophy. He also helped them win the 1971 FA Charity Shield.

Sjoberg left Leicester City in 1973, and played briefly for Rotherham United before retiring to open his own printing business in Leicester. He died in October 2008 following a short illness.

References

External links

1941 births
2008 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Leicester City F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Footballers from Aberdeen
Men's association football central defenders
English Football League players
Banks O' Dee F.C. players


The men's 60 kg powerlifting event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was contested on 11 September at the Beihang University Gymnasium in Beijing, China. This event was the fourth-lightest of the men's powerlifting weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of  of body mass. Powerlifters were divided into two groups, A and B, with group B beginning their lifts at 16:30 and group A at 17:15.

As with all Paralympic powerlifting events, lifters competed in the bench press. Each athlete was allowed three attempts to bench press as much weight as possible. Athletes attempting to break a record were allowed a fourth attempt. For the attempt to be valid, the competitor must have lowered the weighted bar to his chest, held it motionless for a moment, then pressed the bar upwards until his arms were fully extended. If the competitor failed to meet these requirements or any other rule infraction was committed, the attempt was declared invalid by a team of three referees and the result struck from the record.

Results

Key: PR=Paralympic record

References

Men's 060 kg


Alpha Sigma Phi Philippines, Inc. (, commonly known as Alphans) is a co-ed service fraternity with 34 active undergraduate chapters, colonies and interest groups.

History
From anecdotal sources, it appears that four groups used the Greek letters "Alpha Sigma Phi" as their fraternal name.

Gregorio Araneta University Foundation, Caloocan City, 1952
Little is known about this group, except that one of its members was Bobby Ledesma, a TV host prominent in the '70s. They emerged when conflicts arose between their members and Alphans who studied at GAUF. The groups remained separate organizations. No record shows that this group was invited to the national convention in 1972. The group that affiliated with ASP Philippines is now known as the Alpha Nu Chapter.

Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, 1959
This group was organized by Tomas Gavarra, with the assistance of Ramon del Carmen as Faculty Adviser. This group used the name "Agricultural Students of the Philippines" and its acronym ASP was represented by the Greek letters Alpha Sigma Phi.

Some of its members organized chapters in other schools. A chapter was established at Rafael Palma College in Tagbilaran City, now University of Bohol. This group known as Theta Chapter played a role in developing ties with the Silliman group which eventually gave impetus to the formation of a national organization.

University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Sta. Mesa, Manila, 1959
This group claims to be the oldest fraternity of the University Medical Center. No information described the origins of its name. No record shows that it was invited to the first national convention in 1972.

Silliman University, Dumaguete City, 1965
The chapter was organized by Manuel Momongan. The group tookthe name Alpha Sigma Phi. No record shows that its organization was with the knowledge and authorization of ASP USA.

It appears that the group appropriated the symbols of ASP USA. This practice was spurred when ASP USA and ASP Philippines forged the “Heads of Agreement” and established “Alpha Sigma Phi International.” This group served as the convenor of the first national convention in 1972 at Silliman University.

First National Convention, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, 1972
Some of these groups grew and organized chapters in other colleges. Their respective members met and interacted.

In 1972, at Silliman University, the first national convention was held and the first set of national officers were elected. Only chapters originating from SU and CMU were represented in that gathering. Greek-letter names were assigned to existing chapters

During the 1978 convention in Davao City, the Greek-letter names of the chapters were updated and approved.

In 1980 the national organization was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission using the name “Alpha Sigma Phi – Philippines, International Collegiate Service Organization, Inc.”

Beginning in 1972 the national organization met in national conventions, leadership conferences, regional conclaves, chapter and association meetings, spreading the reach and scope of Alpha Sigma Phi Philippines across the world.

Relationship with Alpha Sigma Phi of the United States
In 1984, Alpha Sigma Phi of the Philippines entered into a "Heads of Agreement" outlining a relationship between the two countries. This agreement outlined mechanisms by which the groups would share information, assist in solving mutual problems. It established the "International Council of Alpha Sigma Phi".

The purpose of this relationship was to foster a sense of international brotherhood. Beyond the sharing of open publications such as the Tomahawk, chapter operations manuals and the like, little contact between the two organizations developed.

However, the recommendation of the US Grand Council of Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity were that the 2008 Grand Chapter would nullify the 1984 Heads of Agreement between the two, that the national staff of the US chapter inform the Filipino chapter of this nullification and that it be directed to cease use of the group's marks and symbols in accordance with US trademark law.

The 2008 Grand Chapter Delegates approved the motion to dissolve the 1984 Heads of Agreement between the two.

In 2010, the "International Council of Alpha Sigma Phi" was revived by both fraternities and linkages between the two were established. Through frequent exchange visits by both parties, they agreed to reaffiliate.

On November 14, 2013, the US ASP Grand Council restated their withdrawal from the Heads of Agreement signed in 1984, severing formal ties between the two organizations.  US ASP retained all rights to intellectual property, marks, and symbols associated with the fraternity.

Pledge Education Program (No-Hazing Policy)
In 1982, the fraternity implemented a form of acceptance of new prospective members which is known as the Pledge Education Program (PEP).

See also

 List of fraternities and sororities in the Philippines

References

External links
Alpha Sigma Phi Philippines, Inc.
Alpha Sigma Phi Philippines, International Collegiate Service Organization, Inc.

Fraternities and sororities in the Philippines
Student organizations established in 1959
1959 establishments in the Philippines


Loktionov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Loktionova. It may refer to

Andrei Loktionov (born 1990), Russian professional ice hockey player
Aleksandr Loktionov (1893–1941), Soviet military officer
Roman Loktionov (disambiguation), several people

Russian-language surnames


Jeffery Macandrew-Uren (17 October 1925 – 6 April 2007), was a British engineer, racing driver, race team manager, tuner, customiser, and entrepreneur. He won the British Saloon Car Championship in its sophomore year. He was a driver and team manager for Ford Motor Company's rallying efforts, team manager with John Willment's racing division, and team manager for AC Cars' 1964 Le Mans team. He later created a series of performance-oriented engine-swapped custom Ford models.

Early years
Uren was born on 17 October 1925 in Brentford, Middlesex. He had four siblings. He was raised in Cornwall, and was of Cornish descent.

While working for Ruston-Bucyrus demolishing World War II (WWII) air raid shelters in London, Uren met demolition contractor Charles Willment. Later Uren and his brother Douglas started a contract plant hire business, leasing out heavy equipment.

Racing career

Rallying
Uren's first direct exposure to racing in general and rallying in particular came after preparing a car for brother Douglas and teammate Donald Bain to drive in the Monte Carlo Rally held in mid-to-late January, 1955, and then becoming a late addition as co-driver. The team entered an Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire.

Uren appeared several more times in the Monte Carlo Rally. He partnered with Douglas for appearances in 1956 and 1958. He was teamed with Ian Walker in 1959, and with Tommy Wisdom in 1962. He made an appearance in the RAC Rally the same year, driving with Wisdom again in a Cortina 1200 registered as TOO 528, the first appearance of the model in a rally. Also in 1962, at the request of Triumph's public relations department, Uren partnered with Wisdom as a fourth Triumph team in the Coupe des Alpes in Triumph TR4 6VC, a car normally kept as a spare. The pair finished eleventh.

Uren's involvement in the 1963 Monte Carlo Rally was in the role of team manager rather than driver. In 1964 he made another appearance in the Monte Carlo Rally, driving with Constantine John Manussis in a Ford Cortina GT.

He appeared in other rallys, including the 1957 Tulip Rally partnered with Douglas in a Jaguar 2.4. He also made two appearances in the East Africa Safari Rally: in 1960 driving with Mike Armstrong the team finished second in class, while in the 1961 event he and Armstrong finished third in class. He finished fifth in class at the 1960 Rally to the Midnight Sun (Midnattssolsrallyt) in Sweden.

Saloon and sports car racing
In 1955 both Uren brothers became active in saloon car racing. While often appearing in the same events, Jeff became a professional driver, while Douglas remained an amateur.

In 1956 Uren bought Ian Walker's Ford Prefect. The car had been prepared by John Willment, son of Charles, and later received a Willment Powermaster inlet-over-exhaust cylinder head conversion designed by Bob Yeats. Uren and Willment partnered as "Scuderia Throttollo Bendori" to field the car. The two later ran a Ford Anglia 100E, also with the Willment cylinder head. Although they talked about forming a more formal racing team, the two men eventually parted ways to focus on their respective businesses; Willment and his Ford dealership, and Uren and his plant hire business.

In the late 1950s Uren ran some races in Jaguar models. He drove a 2.4 L in the Sprints at Brands Hatch in 1957. He also drove a 3.4 Mk1, as did his brother Douglas.

Uren drove a Ford Zephyr MkII in the inaugural season of the British Saloon Car Championship (BSCC) in 1958, finishing sixth on points and achieving the first win in a Ford at Mallory Park. In 1959 he became champion in the second year of the BSCC driving an upgraded Zephyr with a Raymond Mays aluminium cylinder head fitted with triple carburettors in Group C, finishing ahead of the works Ford drivers.

For the 1961 season Uren drove a GSM Delta sports racing car to several class wins.

In 1963 Uren became the chairman of a committee formed by the British International Saloon Car Racing Drivers to represent the drivers' interests and concerns to other groups that included racing clubs, promoters, the automotive industry, and the Royal Automobile Club (R.A.C.).

Uren raced competitively in saloon and GT events until 1964. He held class lap records at Aintree, Goodwood, Brands Hatch, and Snetterton in his Zephyr. He continued racing in various historic race events until 2000.

Racing team manager

Ford
In 1959 Uren was appointed Competition Manager for Ford of Britain's Dagenham Rally Team, originally on a consulting contract basis with a one year term.

As part of their Total Performance programme in the early 1960s, Ford's US division asked their NASCAR associate Holman-Moody to field a team of three Ford Falcons and six drivers in the 1963 Monte Carlo Rally, and hired Uren to manage the project.

Willment Racing
In November 1962 John Willment established the Willment Racing Division of the John Willment Automobiles (JWA) company, with Uren as manager. It was hoped that success on the track would create publicity for Willment’s Ford agencies, and increase sales of its line of performance parts. Willment's racing organisation was later renamed Race Proved by Willment, in part as a concession to Uren and his interest in producing speed equipment.

Uren negotiated an arrangement with Ford for Willment to receive three Lotus Cortinas as well as one 1963 American Ford Galaxie 500. The Galaxie was a lightweight full race 'R-Code' car prepared by Holman-Moody, with a four speed manual transmission and  V8 engine. While in the US to take delivery of the car Uren was taken for a demonstration drive at speed by Holman-Moody's driver "Fast Freddy" Lorenzen. Uren hired Jack Sears to drive the Galaxie, which ended Jaguar's dominance of the BSCC series.

Over the course of several years the Willment team fielded a variety of cars that included AC  Cobra roadsters, a Lola, Lotus 23 and Lotus 30 sportscars, an Elva Mark Seven, several Formula Three (F3) Lotuses, a Formula Two (F2) Brabham, a Formula One (F1) Brabham-BRM, and the specially built Willment Coupé based on plans for the Shelby Daytona coupe supplied to Willment by Shelby American with modifications by Frank Gardner, built on an unnumbered chassis bought from AC Cars and generally referred to as CSX2131.

AC Cars
AC Cars built their own Cobra coupé to race at the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans, and brought Uren in to manage the effort. The car, designated A-98, was designed by Alan Turner, who managed to produce a car  lower than Pete Brock's Daytona coupe by increasing the rake of the windscreen and lowering the roof. An uproar was caused in the British parliament when it was discovered that the team had done high-speed testing of the car on the M1 motorway during the early morning hours.

At Le Mans the car was driven by the team of Jack Sears and Peter Bolton. On its seventy-eighth lap, with Bolton driving, one of its tyres blew out, causing it to collide with a Ferrari 275P. A-98 then crossed the run-off area and struck three young spectators, killing them. Bolton suffered only minor injuries. The car was later rebuilt.

Bespoke automobiles

In 1966 John Willment left to establish J.W. Automotive Engineering (JWAE) with John Wyer. JWAE took over construction of the Ford GT40 from Ford Advanced Vehicles, as well as the racing operation. In 1967 Uren established his own tuning company, called Race Proved Performance and Racing Equipment Ltd. in Hanwell. Later advertising also referred to Jeff Uren Ltd. for sales of complete cars.

While with the Willment organisation, Uren was involved in the development of the Willment Sprint GT Mk1 Cortina, which his own companies continued to produce after going independent.

Among his best known conversions were the 3.0 L Essex V6-powered Cortina Savage, and the Boss 302 5.0 L V8 race-engined Capri Stampede.

Uren's companies developed the following vehicles, with the indicated engine upgrades:

Cortina Savage - 3.0 L Essex V6
Cortina Cheetah - 2.5 L Essex V6
Capri Comanche - 3.0 L Essex V6
Capri Stampede - 5.0 L Ford Boss 302 V8
Escort Navajo - 2.0 L Pinto I4
Escort Apache - 3.0 L Essex V6
Granada Seneca - 3.0 L Essex V6
Transit Easipower - 3.0 L Essex V6
Transit Sprite Motor home - 3.0 L Essex V6

Uren's companies are believed to have built a total of 1,700 vehicles, the majority of which, at between 1,000 and 1,100 examples, were Cortina Savages.

Later years
After retiring from the automobile industry, he established Jeff Uren's Gracious Living. This company was involved in commercial building design and decor, importing ceramics, among other items, from Italy.

In the late 1990s or early 2000s Uren bought a Ford Zephyr to build into a replica of his British Touring Car Championship car.

Personal life
Uren was married to Penelope Vaughan (Penny) Macandrew-Uren. Penny died in 2009.

The couple had two sons.

Racing record

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

† Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.

‡ Event with 3 races staged for the different classes.

 Car over 1000cc - Not eligible for points.

References

External links

1925 births
2007 deaths
English racing drivers
British Touring Car Championship drivers
British Touring Car Championship Champions
Car brands
Auto tuning companies


Stricker:

 Der Stricker, the pseudonym of a 13th-century Middle High German itinerant poet

Family name
 Dominic Stricker (born 2002), Swiss professional tennis player
 Eva Zeisel (1906–2011), Jewish Hungarian industrial designer
 Johannes Stricker (1816–1886), Dutch theologian and biblical scholar
 Cub Stricker (1859–1937), American baseball player (second baseman)
 John Stricker (1758–1825), Maryland militia officer
 Erwin Stricker (1950–2010), Italian skier
 Louis Stricker (1884–1960), South African cricketer
 Robert Stricker (1879–1944), Jewish Czech-Austrian politician
 Salomon Stricker (1834–1898), Jewish Hungarian-Austrian pathologist, histologist
 Steve Stricker (born 1967), American professional golfer
 Tal Stricker (born 1979), Israeli Olympic breaststroke swimmer

Other
 Katy Hamman-Stricker Library
 Stricker's Grove, a small amusement park in Ross, Ohio, USA
 Rock Creek Station and Stricker Homesite

German-language surnames
Surnames of Jewish origin


Evening – Night – Morning () is a 1920 silent German drama film directed by F. W. Murnau. The film is considered to be lost. It was shot at the Weissensee Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Neppach.

Plot
Maud (Gertrude Welcker) is the lover of Chester (Bruno Ziener), a millionaire who showers her with cash and gifts. Maud funnels some of her cash and jewels to her dissolute brother, Brillburn. Brillburn sees a particularly valuable pearl necklace in a shop window, and tells Maud to ask for it. She does, and Chester buys it for her. Chester tells his friend, the heavily indebted Prince (Carl von Balla), about the necklace.

That night, Prince breaks into Chester's home to steal the necklace. Not knowing where it is, he purposefully breaks a vase. Chester comes down to investigate, and Prince sees where he has hidden the necklace. Prince knocks Chester unconscious, then starts to fake Chester's suicide by hanging. He smokes a cigarette while typing out a suicide note. Just then, Brillburn enters the house to steal the necklace. Realizing he must stash the necklace or be caught, Prince goes into the adjacent coal room and hides the necklace. He removes a large lump of coal to make the pile look normal again.

Meanwhile, Brillburn finds Chester with a noose around his neck. He uses his dagger to cut the noose off, and losing a button from his coat in the process. Brillburn now flees, just as Chester throws the lump of coal out the window. The coal hits Brillburn on the head, knocking him cold.

Maud wakes and finds the house in disarray, preventing Prince from leaving. Det. Ward (Otto Gebühr) is summoned. He finds Brillburn unconscious on the lawn, and immediately suspects he assaulted and robbed Chester. When Det. Ward discovers the butt of Prince's expensive cigarette, he realizes another man was in the house. When questioned, Prince tells contradictory lies about why he was in the house. The lump of coal leads Ward to the stashed necklace. He waits for the robber to reappear and claim his loot, and duly arrests Prince.

Cast
 Bruno Ziener as Chester, Maud's lover
 Gertrude Welcker as Maud
 Conrad Veidt as Brillburn, Maud's brother
 Carl von Balla as Prince, a gambler
 Otto Gebühr as Detective Ward

See also
List of lost films

References

External links

1920 films
German silent feature films
1920 drama films
German black-and-white films
Films of the Weimar Republic
Films directed by F. W. Murnau
Lost German films
Silent German drama films
1920 lost films
Lost drama films
Films shot at Weissensee Studios
1920s German films


Johann Salver (ca. 1670–1738) was a German engraver from the town of Forchheim, and the father of Johann Octavian Salver.

Salver is the author of Die Gross und Landmeister des Deutschen Ordens containing 51 plates, published in Würzburg in 1716, and the series on the Würzburg prince-bishops titled Geschicht-Schreiber von dem Bischoffthum Wirtzburg, published in 1713.

German engravers
1670s births
1738 deaths
People from Forchheim
Artists from Würzburg


Iowa Highway 188 (Iowa 188) is a state highway in north-central Iowa.  The route is signed both north–south and east–west because of a 90-degree corner near the route's midpoint.  The route begins at Iowa Highway 3 south of Clarksville and ends at U.S. Highway 63 near Tripoli.

Route description

Iowa Highway 188 begins at a T intersection with Iowa Highway 3  south of Clarksville.  From Iowa 3, Iowa 188 heads north where it crosses the Shell Rock River and forms the eastern boundary of Heery Woods State Park.  It passes through Clarksville and continues north for .  At four-way intersection with Butler County Road T64 and a gravel road, Iowa 188 turns to the east and becomes an east–west road for the remainder of its journey.

Iowa 188 heads east for  where it crosses into Bremer County one mile (1.6 km) west of Plainfield. One half-mile (0.8 km) into Bremer County, is a diamond interchange with U.S. Route 218 and Iowa Highway 27, the Avenue of the Saints highway.  In Plainfield, Iowa 188 crosses over the Cedar River.  It continues due east for , ending at U.S. Highway 63 north of Tripoli.

History
Iowa 188 was designated in 1945 as a  route which connected US 218 at Plainfield to US 63.  It first appeared on the state highway map in 1946.  Four years later, the highway absorbed Iowa 53, which connected Clarksville to Iowa 10.  Until 1963, the highway appeared very much like it does today.  That year the section of highway between Clarksville and Plainfield was turned over to Butler County officials and the section south of Clarksville became Iowa 122.  Just three years later, the Iowa State Highway Commission changed course and reabsorbed Iowa 122.  Since then the routing has not changed.

Major intersections

References

External links

188


Sekretagent is a production company based in Los Angeles, California, focused on providing content creation, screenwriting, development and production for both films and video games. Founded in 2001, the company has provided writing services for games such as Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones, Assassin's Creed, and Army of Two. Since 2009, the company has also been operating as an ad agency alternative providing creative marketing consulting and commercial production.

History

The company was founded in 2001 by Dooma Wendschuh and Corey May upon their graduation from the University of Southern California's Peter Stark Producing program. Before graduation, Wendschuh and May sold their first screenplay, a re-imagining of the 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows. The two men established sekretagent using the funds from the sale, and began providing writing and development services to both film and game studios.

In 2009, the company received its first major job in the advertising world. The company was hired by William Morris Endeavor Agency to provide creative writing and production services to a dual web-based marketing campaign for Coca-Cola Zero and James Cameron's Avatar. The largest component of this project was a web commercial for Coca-Cola Zero set in the future titled "Coca-Cola Zero: Nanodisk". Sekretagant conceived the original concept behind the commercial and oversaw operations from development through post production. The commercial was featured on www.avtr.com.

The collaboration with Coca-Cola Zero led to a continued relationship between the two companies. In 2010, sekretagent was hired to produce the first ever 3D commercial for Coca-Cola. The company eventually produced two 3D spots, one of which was a joint effort with Coca-Cola Zero, Mentos, and Eepybird of YouTube fame. The spot garnered millions of views online, earning sekretagent and Eepybird a place in the viral video realm.

Currently, sekretagent Productions consists of two studios: the core studio, sekretagent, and its wholly owned subsidiary, Agent Sekret Productions, Inc. based in Montreal, Canada. The core studio deals in content creation and production services in the marketing and advertising industry, as well as production of highly commercial "event" films, such as The Wind in the Willows (currently in development at Fox 2000). Agent Sekret Productions, Inc., founded in 2011, has become the headquarters for video game writing as well as development of original video game concepts. Agent Sekret currently works in collaboration with Ubisoft Divertissements and Warner Brothers Games, both in Montreal.

A former subsidiary of sekretagent, S2 Filmed Entertainment, was dissolved in 2010 so that the company could focus more intently on larger films, video game development, and expanding its advertising reach. S2 Filmed Entertainment's first feature film, The Plague, was released in 2006.

Filmography

Works Produced
The Plague (2006) -- produced through S2 Filmed Entertainment

Works in Production (Sekretagent)
The Wind in the Willows—set up with Fox 2000
The Hunt—set up with Universal
The Dogs of Babel—set up with Mandate Pictures and Heyday Films
Below the Surface—set up with Ambush Entertainment

Video games
Prince of Persia: The Warrior Within (2004)
Stolen (2005)
Battles of Prince of Persia (2005)
Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones (2005)
Assassin's Creed (2007)
Army of Two (2008)
Assassin's Creed II (2009)
Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood (2010)
Assassin's Creed III (2012)
Cartoon Universe (2012)
Batman: Arkham Origins (2013)

Awards and nominations
 Writers Guild of America, West - Winner: Best Video Game Writing 2011, Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood
 Writers Guild of America, West - Nominee: Best Video Game Writing 2010, Assassin's Creed II
 British Academy of Film and Television Arts Video Game Awards - Nominee: Best Game, Best Story 2009, Assassin's Creed II

References

Film production companies of the United States
Video game companies of the United States


The 1921 French Grand Prix (formally the XV Grand Prix de l'Automobile Club de France) was a Grand Prix motor race held at Le Mans on 25 July 1921. The race was held over 30 laps of the 17.26 km circuit for a total distance of 517.8 km and was won by Jimmy Murphy driving a Duesenberg. This was the last victory for an American constructor in a major European race until the Ford GT40's triumph at the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans as well as in a Grand Prix race until the Dan Gurney's win with the Eagle car at the 1967 Belgian Grand Prix. The race did not feature a massed start, with cars released in pairs at one-minute intervals instead.

Report

Although this was the first French Grand Prix since the end of the first World War, the initial entry featured entries from four countries (entries from Germany were not allowed). The US was represented by eventual winner Duesenberg, and France by Ballot and Mathis, the latter of which was based in Strasbourg, which was part of Germany before World War I. The three Italian Fiats entered did not materialise due to labour issues. The newly formed British-French Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq (S.T.D.) originally entered 7 nearly identical cars as 3 makes, Sunbeam, Talbot and Talbot-Darracq, however due to a lack of preparation, the two Sunbeams were withdrawn, while André Dubonnet - originally entered in a Talbot-Darracq - replaced the injured Inghilbert in the fourth Duesenberg and was not himself replaced by Talbot-Darracq for the race.

As the first major Grand Prix since the War, it was decided that engine regulations should match those of the Indianapolis 500 with a 3-litre maximum.

The race started at 9 am (on a Monday due to a motorcycle race the previous day) under threatening clouds, with the first pair away being Émile Mathis and Ralph DePalma (in a Ballot), with DePalma making a considerably better start. The other cars followed in pairs at one-minute intervals (the original starting intervals of 30 seconds having been changed at the last minute), with Andre Dubonnet last to start on his own in a Duesenberg. Fastest on the first lap were both DePalma and Joe Boyer in a Duesenberg, equal with 8 minutes 16, with the third-place also a tie, between Murphy in a Duesenberg and Jean Chassagne in a Ballot.

By the end of the second lap, the order was more established, with Murphy leading Boyer, Chassagne, and DePalma.

The battle was close between the Duesenbergs, with their superior brakes, and the Ballots, with their superior cornering, whilst the S.T.D.s struggled with tire and road-holding problems (Lee Guinness stopping a remarkably 15 times in the 30 lap race), with Andre Boillot the only S.T.D. to drive consistently, holding sixth place in the early laps.

The order changed little near the front, with Murphy pulling nearly a two-minute lead by lap 7. Chassagne overtook Boyer for second on the ninth lap. Murphy made a pitstop at the end of lap 10 but didn't lose the lead, however, Chassagne was now close behind and was able to take the lead during lap 11. By half distance, Chassagne leads Boyer who had also overtaken Murphy, now third. Guyot was not far behind in fourth, then a much larger gap to the lower positions, lead by DePalma.

On lap 17, Chassagne made a pitstop to refuel but his fuel tank had burst and was beyond repair. On the very next lap, Boyer who had just inherited the lead suffered a mechanical failure, giving the lead back to Murphy ahead of a slowing Guyot. Murphy would hold onto this lead until the end, but behind him, the fight for second place was more dramatic. Guyot had a large gap back to third place, but when he stopped for fuel and water on lap 28, he was unable to restart. His mechanic became very tired trying to push-start the car and was replaced by Arthur Duray who was at the race as a spectator. They were able to restart but this had damaged the clutch forcing another stop and they ended up in sixth place. DePalma then took second, but he too had considerable difficulty restarting but was still able to finish ahead of third-placed Jules Goux in a 2-litre Ballot who finished the race without stopping.

Classification

References

French Grand Prix
French Grand Prix
1921 in French motorsport


Johann Octavian Salver (1732–1788) was a German diplomat, archivist, and engraver.

Biography
Born on 19 May 1732 at Würzburg as a son of the engraver Johann Salver († 1738) from his third wife. He attended high school until 1749, then the University of Würzburg where he first studied the law, then history and heraldry. He showed talent for painting and  practiced diligently in drawing. Because he lacked the means to further his art education and failed to secure support from wealthy benefactors, Salver returned to his legal studies although he also dealt in passing with the production of maps. Later he did historical research in Gotha, Weimar, Mainz, Speyer, etc.

In 1762 Salver was appointed Episcopal Lehnamtsregistrator. In addition, beginning in 1768, he worked as a diplomat for the Bishopric of Würzburg. In 1770 he was a Protocollist of the princely court chamber and head of the Jewish Office. In his spare time he made a description of the Erthal collection of coins and medallions. Due to the death of the princely archivist J. J. Dümler in 1773, he received Dümler’s office.

After becoming archivist to the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim, Salver completed the major work of his life, Proben des hohen Teütschen Reichs Adels oder Sammlungen alter Denkmäler, Grabsteine, Wappen, Inn- und Urschriften, u.d. Nach ihrem wahren Urbilde aufgenommen, unter offner Treü bewähret, und durch Ahnenbäume auch sonstige Nachrichten erkläret und erläutert (Samples of the high nobility Germans, a collection of all arms, tombstones and inscriptions, which refer to the Würzburg bishops and members of the cathedral chapter). It was released in 1775 with more than 300 folio engravings.

Salver died on 23 April 1788. His posthumous collections of manuscripts were scattered after his death, a portion of them came into the hands of the learned Kuustforschers Jos. Heller in Bamberg.

Works
 Proben des hohen Teütschen Reichs Adels oder Sammlungen alter Denkmäler, Grabsteine, Wappen, Inn- und Urschriften, u.d. Nach ihrem wahren Urbilde aufgenommen, unter offner Treü bewähret, und durch Ahnenbäume auch sonstige Nachrichten erkläret und erläutert (Würzburg, 1775).
 Matrikel und Wappenbuch der florierenden, erloschenen und hinweggezogenen hohen Rittergliedern einer unmittelbaren freyen Reichs Ritterschaft Landes zu Franken löbl. Orts an der Baunach (Würzburg, 1785).

Notes
 Johann H. Salver, referenced as engraver of 1750 Fulda print, may be Johann Octavian Salver.

References

External links

 Deutsche Biographie: Salver, Johann Octavian

1732 births
1788 deaths
People from Würzburg
People from the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
German diplomats
German engravers


Information technology infrastructure is defined broadly as a set of information technology (IT) components that are the foundation of an IT service; typically physical components (computer and networking hardware and facilities), but also various software and network components.

According to the ITIL Foundation Course Glossary, IT Infrastructure can also be termed as “All of the hardware, software, networks, facilities, etc., that are required to develop, test, deliver, monitor, control or support IT services. The term IT infrastructure includes all of the Information Technology but not the associated People, Processes and documentation.”

Overview

In IT Infrastructure, the above technological components contribute to and drive business functions. Leaders and managers within the IT field are responsible for ensuring that both the physical hardware and software networks and resources are working optimally. IT infrastructure can be looked at as the foundation of an organization's technology systems, thereby playing an integral part in driving its success. All organizations who rely on technology to do their business can benefit from having a robust, interconnected IT Infrastructure. With the current speed that technology changes and the competitive nature of businesses, IT leaders have to ensure that their IT Infrastructure is designed such that changes can be made quickly and without impacting the business continuity. While traditionally companies used to typically rely on physical data centers or colocation facilities to support their IT Infrastructure, cloud hosting has become more popular as it is easier to manage and scale. IT Infrastructure can be managed by the company itself or it can be outsourced to another company that has consulting expertise to develop robust infrastructures for an organization. With advances in online outreach availability, it has become easier for end users to access technology. As a result, IT infrastructures have become more complex and therefore, it is harder for managers to oversee the end to end operations. In order to mitigate this issue, strong IT Infrastructures require employees with varying skill sets. The fields of IT management and IT service management rely on IT infrastructure, and the ITIL framework was developed as a set of best practices with regard to IT infrastructure. The ITIL framework assists companies with the ability to be responsive to technological market demands. Technology can often be thought of as an innovative product which can incur high production costs. However, the ITIL framework helps address these issues and allows the company to be more cost effective which helps IT managers to keep the IT Infrastructure functioning.

Background

Even though the IT infrastructure has been around for over 60 years, there have been incredible advances in technology in the past 15 years.

Components of IT infrastructure

The primary components of an IT Infrastructure are the physical systems such as hardware, storage, any kind of routers/switches and the building itself but also networks and software . It would be relevant to note the need to build a fiber optics backbone in order to interconnect all of the hardware mentioned. In addition to these components, there is the need for “IT Infrastructure Security”. Security keeps the network and its devices safe in order to maintain the integrity within the overall infrastructure of the organization.

Specifically, the first three layers are directly involved with IT Infrastructure. The physical layer serves as the fundamental layer for hardware. The second and third layers (Data Link and Network), are essential for communication to and from hardware devices. Without this, networking is not possible. Therefore, in a sense, the internet itself would not be possible.

IT Infrastructure types

Different types of technological tasks may require a tailored approach to the infrastructure. These can be achieved through a traditional, cloud or hyper converged IT Infrastructure.

Skills

There are many functioning parts that go into the health of an IT infrastructure. In order to contribute positively to the organization, employees can acquire abilities to benefit the company. These include key technical abilities such as cloud, network, and data administration skills and soft abilities such as collaboration and communication skills.

Future

As data storage and management becomes more digitized, IT Infrastructure is moving towards the cloud. Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) provides the ability to host on a server and is a platform for cloud computing.

See also
 Converged infrastructure
 Cyber infrastructure
 Dynamic infrastructure
 Hyper-converged infrastructure
 Information infrastructure
 Infrastructure as a service
 Infrastructure as code
 Software-defined infrastructure

References

Sources

Rouse, Margaret (2017). "A DevOps primer: Start, improve and extend your DevOps teams", "TechTarget Search Data Center". Retrieved 28 September 2019.

Information technology management


The Segal Lock and Hardware Company of Manhattan, New York, was a leading manufacturer of  hardware merchandise and razor blades in the 1920s and 1930s. Established in Connecticut and Manhattan, the firm relocated to Brooklyn, New York, in the mid-1920s. The Segal Safety Razor Corporation was a subsidiary of the Segal Lock and Hardware Company. The business was at first known as the Burglar-Proof Lock Company.

Segal was started by Samuel Segal, formerly a  New York City detective in 1912, through his invention of a nearly burglar-proof lock. The vertical deadbolt lock eliminated a horizontal bolt, concentrating on the hinge principle. Segal had noticed that burglars forced locks but never hinges. The firm's beginning was aided by a few more policemen. The original capital was approximately $1,000. Segal and his associates refused $1,000,000 in cash for their fifty separate lock patents. Shortly before her death Mrs. May Stevenson Segal, wife of Samuel Segal, invented a burglar-proof lock, which was marketed to a leading lock manufacturer.

History, expansion of corporation

In August 1926 the business purchased a square block on Ferris Street, Sullivan Street, and Walcott Street for use as a factory and foundry to make Segal locks. Segal owned two large factory buildings, a foundry, and a machine shop on this property with the addition of this real estate. The combined floor area was . Segal planned to add three more large buildings at an approximate cost of $500,000. The property fronted the waterfront in the Red Hook, Brooklyn section of Brooklyn. The development enabled Segal to move two plants from Connecticut and its warehouses from Manhattan. Employment was to increase to 1,600 persons.

In November 1927 the Segal Lock and Hardware Company announced the sale of 5,000 shares of common stock and 5,000 shares of preferred stock. The stock was placed privately  with no public offering made.

The company acquired a controlling interest in the Norwalk Lock Company and the Universal Razor Blade Corporation in 1929. Stockholders approved an increase in the authorized stock of the company to 400,000 shares, of which 300,000 shares were outstanding.

The corporation introduced a single-unit safety razor in late 1930, a low-priced product designed to use only Segal double-edged blades. The following year Segal placed on the market the Unimatic Segal Razor, a one-piece razor which accepted a double-edged blade. The firm entered a contract with United Cigar Stores in June 1931. The agreement was for a long term of years and stated that the cigar interest would feature and distribute Segal razors and blades.

In October 1933 the Segal Lock and Hardware Company was awarded a contract to provide the finishing hardware for 1,595 apartments in the Knickerbocker Village. This was a model housing development in the Lower East Side. It was made possible by a loan of $8,075,000 from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

The company sold its Stamford, Connecticut factory buildings to Macklett Laboratories, manufacturer of X-ray tubes, in March 1934.

Segal announced plans to introduce a new type of single-edged razor blade and a new aluminum window in mid-1946.

Strauss Fasteners Inc. was acquired by the Segal Lock and Hardware Company in February 1947.

Litigation

In October 1931 the Segal Lock and Hardware Company sued Gillette (brand), asking $2,000,000 in a loss of blade contract. The suit claimed a violation of the Clayton Antitrust Act. Another suit, decided in Boston, Massachusetts, resulted in an agreement between Segal and Gillette. The former agreed to discontinue the manufacture of razor blades which infringed the Gillette patent. Segal continued to manufacture its own razors and blades which fit their own razors. However they were forced to discontinue making blades which also fit razor handles made by Gillette.

References

External links
 SegalLock.com - Official site
 Samuel Segal Patents

Segal Lock and Hardware Company
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City
Male grooming brands


Cecil Emerson Barron Muschamp (16 June 1902 – 28 September 1984) was an Anglican bishop during the third quarter of the 20th century.

He was born in Wing, Buckinghamshire on 16 June 1902 and educated at Launceston Church Grammar School and the University of Tasmania. Ordained in 1928, in Winchester Cathedral, after an earlier career as a schoolmaster he was initially a Curate at St. Luke's Church, Bournemouth and then in All Saints Exmouth, Devon, and then in 1937, Vicar of St Michael and All Angels in Christchurch, New Zealand (during which time he served in the Solomon Islands). He was ordained to the episcopate on 21 December 1950 at St George's Cathedral, Perth to serve as Bishop of Kalgoorlie. He resigned as Bishop of Kalgoorlie in 1967. He was then Dean of Brisbane and retired in 1972. He died on 28 September 1984.

References

1902 births
1984 deaths
People from Aylesbury Vale
People educated at Launceston Church Grammar School
University of Tasmania alumni
20th-century Anglican bishops in Australia
Anglican bishops of Kalgoorlie
Assistant bishops in the Anglican Diocese of Perth
Deans of Brisbane


The Indian Law Institute (ILI) is a Deemed University and socio-legal research institute, founded in 1956. Established in New Delhi, primarily with the objective of promoting and conducting legal research, education and training. The objectives of the Institute as laid down in its Memorandum of Association are to cultivate the science of law, to promote advanced studies and research in law so as to meet the social, economic and other needs of the Indian people, to promote systematization of law, to encourage and conduct investigations in legal and allied fields, to improve legal education, to impart instructions in law, and to publish studies, books, periodicals, etc.

Institute was instrumental in organizing International conference on Global Environment and  Disaster Management Law Society in 2011.

History
It was formally inaugurated by the President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 12 December 1957. Dr. A.T. Markose was the Founder Director of the Institute from 1957-1963. The Institute is an autonomous body registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, the Indian Law Institute has the requisite independence and academic freedom to carry out its objectives. The membership of the Institute is now nearly three thousand representing the persons interested in the study and advancement of law.

Organisation and administration

Governance
Hon’ble Chief Justice of India is the ex officio President of the Institute. The Law Minister of Government of India & the Attorney-General for India are its ex officio Vice Presidents. Third Vice-President is elected by the members of the Governing Council, from among themselves. Judges of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India and High Courts, prominent lawyers, Government officials and Professors of Law are represented in the Governing Council of the Institute.

Dharmendra Singh Sengar, was Director of Indian Law Institute from July 2009 – August 2011. In 2013 Manoj Kumar Sinha was appointed the Director of the institute.

Academics
The Indian Law Institute has been granted Deemed University Status in 2004 vide Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development Notification No. F.9-9/2001-U.3 dated 29.10.2004. After that in 2005, the institute enrolled its first batch of L.L.M. and Ph.D. program, and later also started research based courses.

Rankings

Indian law Institute was ranked 18th in India in the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) law ranking in 2020.

Library
The Institute's Library has more than 75000 titles and subscribes to 270 current legal periodicals. JILI is the law journal published by the Institute. ASIL contains surveys of leading reported court cases in India in a year and same are analysed by academicians and practitioners.

Publications
ILI publishes various books and two Journals. JILI(Journal of the Indian law Institute) is an international journal for academicians, researchers, advocates, judges etc. This is edited by Dr Jyoti Dogra Sood, Assistant Research Professor.  It has another journal ILI Law review which is an online law journal specially for law students, though academicians, researchers, advocates, and judges may also contribute. This is edited by Dr Anurag Deep, Professor of law, ILI.

Annual Survey of Indian Law
The Annual Survey of Indian Law (ISSN: 0570-2666; Annu. Surv. Indian Law) is an Indian law journal published by the Indian Law Institute. It was established in 1965 and the editor-in-chief is Manoj Kumar Sinha.

Courses Offered

Degree Courses
 Ph.D. in Law
 LL.M. - 1-year course

P.G. Diploma Courses
 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADRs)
 Corporate Laws & Management
 Cyber Law
 Drafting of Legislation, Treaties and Agreements  (Not available)
 Environmental Law & Management (Not available)
 Human Rights Law (Not available)
 Intellectual Property Rights Law
 International Trade Law  (Not available)
 Labour Law (Not available)
 Securities & Banking Laws (Not available)
 Tax Law (Not available)

Online Certificate Courses (3 months)
 Cyber Law
 Intellectual Property Rights and Information Technology in the Internet Age

Notable faculty
 Lotika Sarkar

References

http://ili.ac.in/faculty.html
https://llm-guide.com › Schools › Asia › India
http://www.legalexpress.co.in

External links
 Official website
Legal Express: An International Journal of Law

Legal research institutes
Research institutes established in 1956
1956 establishments in Delhi
Law schools in Delhi
Deemed universities in India


The New Oxford Review (NOR) is a magazine of traditionalist Catholic cultural and theological commentary. It was founded in 1977 by the American Church Union as an Anglo-Catholic magazine in the Anglican tradition to replace American Church News. It was named for the Oxford Movement of the 1830s and 1840s. In 1983, it officially "converted" to Catholicism.

During its earlier history, the championed Pope John Paul II's condemnation of the dissenting Catholic theologian Hans Küng. It supported Bernard Francis Law in his condemnation of the Catholic Common Ground Initiative.

In 2006, George A. Kendall, writing in the conservative Catholic newspaper The Wanderer, questioned the Catholicity of the NOR based on what he viewed as its strident Calvinist tendencies.

Originally headquartered in Oakland, California, it is now headquartered in Berkeley, California. It has a paid circulation of 12,000. It has published writing by Walker Percy, Sheldon Vanauken, Thomas Howard, George A. Kelly, Bobby Jindal, Stanley L. Jaki, Peter Kreeft, Avery Dulles, Germain Grisez, James V. Schall, and John Lukacs. Contributing editors have included Robert N. Bellah, L. Brent Bozell Jr., Robert Coles, and Christopher Lasch.

References

Monthly magazines published in the United States
Anglican newspapers and magazines
Anglo-Catholicism
Catholic magazines
Magazines established in 1977
Magazines published in California
Mass media in Berkeley, California
Religious magazines published in the United States


Alex Somers (born March 7, 1984) is an American visual artist and musician from Baltimore, Maryland, who attended Berklee College of Music and Listaháskóli Íslands. Somers lives and works in Los Angeles. Previously he ran a recording studio in downtown Reykjavík where he produced, engineered, and mixed since 2010.

He and his former partner Jónsi, with whom he split in 2019, produce music and visual art under the name Jónsi & Alex. The pair have released an album and a picture book, both titled Riceboy Sleeps. Jónsi and Somers have also collaborated on Jónsi's solo project. Somers co-produced and played instruments on Jónsi's album Go. He then joined Jónsi in his five-piece live band, playing guitar and keyboards for the world tour in support of Go. Somers has produced and mixed a large number of records, including those of Sigur Rós, Jónsi, Julianna Barwick, Briana Marela, Death Vessel, Sin Fang, and Pascal Pinon.

Somers has been vegan since 2004, and a raw vegan since 2007.

Sigur Rós
Alex Somers has worked as co-producer/mixer/engineer on several Sigur Rós releases, including Valtari, Kveikur, iTunes Festival: London 2013 and Brennisteinn EP. Somers has also worked with the band on their artwork/designs. Most notably on their album Takk..., which received Best Album Design at the 2006 Icelandic Music Awards.

In 2005–2006, Somers and Lukka Sigurðardóttir collaborated forming the design team "Toothfaeries", who made all of the official hand-made merchandise for Sigur Rós sold at the Takk... tour.

Parachutes
Parachutes was a band formed in 2003 as a duo consisting of Alex Somers and Scott Alario. The band was named after a common term for dandelion seeds. They recorded in Alex's kitchen and living room, and commonly experimented using household objects and toys as instruments. After two albums and an EP, Parachutes stopped making music in 2008.

Discography

Studio albums
 Siblings (2021)
 Siblings 2 (2021)

Collaborative albums

Jónsi & Alex (with Jónsi)
 Riceboy Sleeps (2009)
 All Animals (2009)
 Lost & Found (2019)

With Parachutes
 Parachutes (2003)
 Susy (2004)
 Tree Roots EP (2008)

As producer
 Rökkurró – Í Annan Heim (2010)
 Jónsi – Go (2010)
 Sigur Rós – Valtari (2012)
 Julianna Barwick – Nepenthe (2013)
 Sigur Rós – Kveikur (2013)
 Pascal Pinon – Twosomeness (2013)
 Sin Fang – Flowers (2013)
 Hymnalya – Hymns (2013)
 Tom Gallo – Continuation Day EP (2013)
 Death Vessel – Island Intervals (2014)
 Briana Marela – All Around Us (2015)
 Veroníque Vaka – Erlendis (2015)
 Gordi – Clever Disguise EP (2016)
 Sin Fang – Spaceland (2016)
 Sound Of Ceres – The Twin (2017)
 Gordi – Reservoir (2017)
 A. G. Cook – 7G (2020)
 Bob Dylan – Shadow Kingdom (2021)
 Hyd – Clearing (2022)

As film composer
 We Bought a Zoo (2011) (co-produced soundtrack with composer Jónsi)
 Manhattan (2014) (TV series, with Jónsi, Zoë Keating & Jeff Russo)
 Aloha (2015) (with Jónsi)
 Captain Fantastic (2016)
 Dawson City: Frozen Time (2016)
 Black Mirror: Hang the DJ (2017) (TV series, one episode)
 Hale Country This Morning, This Evening (2018) (with Scott Alario & Forest Kelley)
 Honey Boy (2019)
 Miss Americana (2020)
 Charm City Kings (2020)
 Here We Are: Notes for Living on Planet Earth (2020) (Animated short film)
 Audrey (2020)
 Together Together (2021)
 Alone Together (2022)
 Fresh (2022)
 Causeway (2022)

Album artwork
 Sigur Rós - Takk
 Sigur Rós - Glósoli
 Sigur Rós - Hoppípolla
 Sigur Rós - Saeglópur
 Helgi Hrafn Jónsson - For the Rest of My Childhood
 Sismo - Le Magica Exists
 Japanese Compilations 1,2 & 3
 Jónsi & Alex - Riceboy Sleeps
 Jónsi & Alex - All Animals
 Jónsi & Alex - Rain Down My Favorite Songs
 Hammock - Maybe They Will Sing for Us Tomorrow
 Leif Vollebekk - North Americana

References

External links
 Official Alex Somers website
 Official Jónsi & Alex website
 Official Parachutes website

LGBT people from Maryland
American emigrants to Iceland
Living people
21st-century American male musicians
Artists from Baltimore
American gay musicians
Musicians from Baltimore
Berklee College of Music alumni
1984 births
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American LGBT people


The Alte Synagoge (Old Synagogue) in Erfurt, Germany, is one of the best preserved medieval synagogues in Europe, its oldest parts dating back to the late 11th century. Most parts of the building date from around 1250–1320. Due to the fact that its roof is still standing, it is thought to be the oldest synagogue building intact in Europe and the world.

Since 2009 it has been used as a museum of local Jewish history. It houses the Erfurt Treasure, a hoard of medieval coins, goldsmiths' work and jewellery found in 1998. It also has facsimiles of the Erfurt Hebrew Manuscripts, an important collection of 12th–14th century religious texts that belonged to the medieval Jewish community of Erfurt.

The Historic Synagogues of Europe project, carried out by the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has given the Old Synagogue, Erfurt its highest level of significance rating: 4 (International) – "The building is of outstanding architectural, urban or historical importance. It has unique features and/or is especially influential internationally as an architectural pattern."

In 2023, UNESCO has included the Jewish-medieval sites in Erfurt as a World Heritage Site.

History and Preservation

The oldest parts of the building have been dated by dendrochronology to 1094. There was a second construction phase in the 12th century, from which part of the western wall, with a sandstone double-arched window, has been preserved.

Around 1270, a larger synagogue incorporating parts of the earlier building was constructed. The western façade, with five lancet windows and a large rosette window, dates from this time. In the early 1300s, it was extended and another storey was added.

After the Erfurt Massacre of 1349, in which the Jewish population was murdered and expelled from the city, the synagogue was damaged. The city of Erfurt took ownership of the building and later sold it to a local merchant. It was converted into a warehouse and a vaulted cellar was built underneath. The alterations considerably changed the interior of the building. For the next 500 years it was used for storing goods.

From the 19th century, the building had various uses and had at different periods a ballroom, a restaurant and even two bowling alleys. These changes, and changes to the surrounding buildings, meant that the Old Synagogue, which is on a back lot down a narrow alleyway, was largely forgotten about. Its history wasn't recognised, which helped to protect it during the Nazi period.

It was not until the late 1980s that interest was awakened in the old building. The architectural historian Elmar Altwasser began to research it in 1992. Erfurt City Council bought the property in 1998 and extensively researched and conserved it.

"During the conservation, great emphasis was put on the preservation of all traces of use: those dating from synagogal use as well as those from later alterations. Owing to this careful conservation and restoration, medieval as well as younger building phases are still easy to perceive." Permanent Delegation of Germany to UNESCO (2015) Old synagogue and Mikveh in Erfurt

In 2007 a rare and particularly well-preserved Jewish ritual bath, a Mikveh, dating from  1250 was discovered by archeologists not far from the Old Synagogue, near Erfurt's Krämerbrücke (Merchants' Bridge). The mikveh has been accessible to visitors on guided tours since September 2011.

In 2015 the Old Synagogue, Mikveh and the 'Stone House', a secular building from  1250 in Erfurt's medieval city centre which had Jewish owners, were together nominated as a World Heritage Site. This has been tentatively listed but a final decision has not yet been made.

Museum

The Old Synagogue was opened as a museum on 27 October 2009.

The museum permanently houses the Erfurt Treasure, a hoard of 3141 silver coins, weighing , and over 700 pieces of goldsmiths' work and jewellery that is thought to have belonged to Jews who hid them at the time of the Erfurt massacre in 1349. The collection, which weighs almost  in total, was found in 1998 in the wall of a house at Michaelisstraße 43, in a medieval Jewish neighbourhood, near the Synagogue. The treasure has been exhibited in Berlin, Paris, London, New York and Tel Aviv.

It also displays facsimiles of the Erfurt Hebrew Manuscripts, a collection of significant religious texts dating from the 12th–14th century. They came into the possession of Erfurt City Council after the Erfurt Massacre, and in the late 17th century ended up in the   library of the Lutheran Evangelical Ministry, at Erfurt's former Augustinian Monastery. The Ministry sold them to the Royal Library in Berlin, the present day Berlin State Library, in 1880, where the originals are now kept.

Erfurt Tosefta
One of the Erfurt Manuscripts is the Tosefta, part of a compilation of oral law, or oral Torah, attributed to Jewish scholars called tannaim, who mostly lived in Palestine from about the year 0 CE until c. 200 CE (0 – 200 AD). Not all scholars agree, but it is generally thought to provide interpretation of unclear sections of the Mishnah, Judaism's primary book of Jewish legal theory.

Tosefta were rarely copied, and the Erfurt Tosefta, from the 12th century, is the oldest of only three known Tosefta manuscripts. The other two are the Vienna Tosefta, late 13th century, held by the Austrian National Library and the London Tosefta, 15th century, held by the British Library.

Moses Samuel Zuckermandl (also Zuckermandel) was the first to point out the importance of the Erfurt Tosefta in his seminal study on it published, in German, in 1876.

Other synagogues in Erfurt

The Kleine Synagoge (Small Synagogue) was built in 1840 and was used until 1884.  It was restored in 1998 and it is now used as an events venue. The building features a classically influenced façade and interior.

In 1884 the community constructed the Große Synagoge (Great Synagogue), a magnificent Moorish Revival building.  It was destroyed in the Nazi Kristallnacht riots on the night of 9–10 November 1938.

In 1947 the site of the Great Synagogue, which had been confiscated by the Nazis, was returned to the Jewish community by Erfurt City Council. The Neue Synagoge (New Synagogue), which was built on the site, opened on 31 August 1952. The new building was funded by the GDR government and it was the only completely new synagogue ever built in the country.

It is the New Synagogue which is used for worship by the present-day Jewish community in Erfurt; it was set on fire by a group of neo-Nazis in April 2000

See also
 History of the Jews in Germany
 Oldest synagogues in the world

References

External links

 Erfurt Tourismus. Old Synagogue and Erfurt Treasure
 Visit Thuringia. Old Synagogue

World Heritage Sites in Germany
Museums in Erfurt
Heritage sites in Thuringia
Romanesque and Gothic synagogues
11th-century synagogues
13th-century synagogues
Synagogues preserved as museums
Jewish museums in Germany
Restored and conserved buildings
Former synagogues in Germany
Medieval German architecture
Jewish German history
Medieval Jewish history
Archaeological discoveries in Germany
2007 archaeological discoveries