Lev Valerianovich Leshchenko (; born 1 February 1942), is a Russian singer, who is best known for his rendition of "Den Pobedy" and the 1980 Summer Olympics closing ceremony theme song "Do svidanja, Moskva".

Biography
Lev Leshchenko was born on 1 February 1942 in Moscow, Soviet Union. His father, Valerian Andreyevich Leshchenko (1904–2004), was a Red Army officer who was at war outside of Moscow. His grandfather was from the village of Nizy in the Kharkov province, which at that time was part of the Russian Empire. In 1900, he moved to the Kursk province, where he got a job as an accountant at a factory. Grandfather Leshchenko was a musical person: he sang in the church choir, played many instruments. Lev Valeryanovich's father moved to Moscow in 1931. Having gone through the Finnish War, and then the Great Patriotic War, he rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel and was awarded many orders. He was awarded medals for his participation in the Second World War. His mother, Klavdiya Petrovna Leshchenko (née Fedoseyeva; 1915–1943), died shortly after Lev was born, so he was raised by his stepmother Marina Mikhailovna. His grandparents, along with his stepmother Irina Pavlovna Leshchenko, whom his father married in 1948, brought Leshchenko up in Sokolniki, Moscow. During his childhood, he was introduced to classical music and theatre, and began performing songs by Leonid Utyosov.

Between 1960 and 1959, Leshchenko worked as a stagehand at the State Academic Bolshoi Theatre, and before being conscripted into the army in 1961, he worked as an adjuster at a precision measuring instrument factory. Leschenko served in the mechanical vehicle division of the Soviet Army, positioned in the German Democratic Republic. On 27 January 1962, Leshchenko (then a private) became a soloist within the Soviet Red Army Ensemble, and received an offer to remain in the army. Leshchenko accepted every role offered to him by the ensemble, from singing in a quarter, conducting concerts and even reading verses, where it is said his entertainment career began. At the same time, he was preparing for the theatrical examinations of the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts (abbreviated as GITIS), the most respected theatrical school of the Soviet Union, which he passed and was successfully admitted to in September 1964.

Leshchenko began touring with concert bands, visiting some of the more isolated parts of the country. In 1969, Leshchenko was admitted as a member of the Moscow Operetta Theatre. He took up many minor musical roles, but was aware of his musical gift and was constantly looking for soloist acts. On 13 February 1970, having won a contest held by the state radio station, Leshchenko became a solo vocalist for the Soviet state radio station.

In 1975, Leshchenko performed "Den Pobedy", an immensely popular Soviet song dedicated to Victory Day, which was initially disliked by the authorities due to its unconventional music style. His rendition has become by far the most well known.
In 1999 Leshchenko was given a star on the Star Square in Moscow.

In March 2014 he signed a letter in support of the position of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin on the Russian annexation of Crimea. For this he was banned from entering Ukraine. Crimea has been under dispute by Russia and Ukraine since March 2014.

Popular Songs
 "Solovyinaya roshcha" ("Соловьиная роща") – "Nightingale Grove"
 "Proshay" ("Прощай") – "Good Bye"
 "Prityazhen'ye Zemli" ("Притяжение Земли") – "Gravity of the Earth"
 "Den Pobedy" (День победы) – "The Day of the Victory"
 "Ni Minuty Pokoja" (Ни минуты покоя) – "Not a Minute's Peace"
 "Rodnaya zemlya" ("Родная Земля") – "Native Land"
 "Roditelskiy dom" ("Родительский дом") – "The Parental Home"
 "Ne plach' devchonka" ("Не плачь, девчонка") – "Don't Cry, Girl"
 "Ty moya Moskva" ("Ты моя Москва") - You are my Moscow

Personal life
From 1966 to 1976, he was married to Alla Abdalova. The marriage lasted 10 years, and ended in divorce, initiated by Abdalova. Since 1978, he has been married to Irina Bagudina (born May 15, 1954).

Honours and awards

Orders
 Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 1st class (24 October 2017)
 Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 2nd class (30 January 2012)
 Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 3rd class (1 February 2007)
 Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 4th class (31 January 2002)
 Order of Friendship of Peoples (14 November 1980)
 Order of the Badge of Honour (17 August 1989)
 Order of Friendship (Kazakhstan)

Titles
People's Artist of the RSFSR (1983)
Honoured Artist of the RSFSR (1977)
Honoured Artist of the Transnistria (2015)
 People's Artist of the South Ossetia (2010)
 People's Artist of the North Ossetia-Alania (2015)
 Honorary Citizen of Kursk Oblast (2012)

Awards
Lenin Komsomol Prize (1978)
Belarus president award Through Art - to Peace and Understanding (2012)

References

External links
 Official website
 Softpanorama c links
 Lev Leshchenko at iTunes

 Сайт поклонников творчества Льва Лещенко

1942 births
Living people
Musicians from Moscow
Soviet male singers
Russian people of Ukrainian descent
Full Cavaliers of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
People's Artists of the RSFSR
Recipients of the Lenin Komsomol Prize
Russian Academy of Theatre Arts alumni
Russian record producers
20th-century Russian male singers
21st-century Russian male singers
Russian National Music Award winners
Winners of the Golden Gramophone Award


Scopula nigropunctata, the sub-angled wave,  is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found through most of the Palearctic realm.

The species has a wingspan of 29–34 mm. It is closely related to Scopula umbelaria but smaller, less whitish, the ground-colour being appreciably more testaceous and on an average more strongly dusted. The forewing looks slightly shorter and broader, its distal margin being more strongly curved or bent in the middle so that its anterior part becomes less oblique; the black discal spot nearly always distinct, often large; the median shade, which in the typical form is strong and dark, and the postmedian line are both angled near the costa of the forewing, and the former runs rather more obliquely than in umbelaria; the hindwing has the angle in the middle rather stronger on the average, though very variable; both wings have usually a dark terminal line, interrupted at the
vein-ends and often thickened between; the black dots in the fringe are very slight or are wanting. Both sexes are sharply marked beneath and differ very little; the basal half, or more, of the forewing is more or less suffused with fuscous, especially on the veins, the inner line wanting; the hindwing has a zigzag outer line. In China and Japan, however, with Korea and probably S. E. Siberia, occur a succession of more puzzling forms, extremely variable in size and shape, in ground-colour and in distinctness of marking. The egg has the normal longitudinal and finer transverse ribbing. The larva is very slender, tapering slightly anteriorly the head rounded, skin transversely ribbed, the spiracles very small, brown; the general colour is greenish grey with a narrow, distinct dull green dorsal line; on the extreme anterior edge of each of the middle segments there is a square black spot, divided down its centre by the dorsal line. The pupa has six minute hooks on the cremaster in addition to the strong pair of central spines..

The moth flies from May to August depending on the location.

The larvae feed on a variety of shrubs and deciduous trees. In captivity they feed on Taraxacum and Clematis species.

Subspecies
Scopula nigropunctata nigropunctata
Scopula nigropunctata chosensis Bryk, 1949
Scopula nigropunctata imbella (Warren, 1901)
Scopula nigropunctata subcandidata (Walker, [1863])
Scopula nigropunctata subimbella Inoue, 1958

References

External links
Sub-angled wave at UKmoths
Lepiforum.de
Vlindernet.nl

Moths described in 1767
nigropunctata
Palearctic Lepidoptera
Taxa named by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel


Megaphobema robustum, known as the Colombian giant tarantula or Colombian giant redleg, was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1875. Found in the tropical rainforests of Colombia and Brazil near logs, it has a span of 6 to 8 inches and will eat crickets, other large insects, small lizards and mice.

Description
Their carapace is a deep black color, with a pale orange color, the opisthosoma is also a deep black color covered with orange hairs. Most of the legs, with the exception of the femur which is also black, are a bright orange and are covered in orange hairs.

Habitat
They are found the tropical rainforests of Colombia and Brazil. The average yearly rainfall of this area is 2,500mm, with average temperatures usually above 23°C. It is home to plants such as Cavanillesia platanifolia, and animals such as Lance-tailed manakin, and the glass frogs.

Behavior
This tarantula is shy in nature, though it is more willing to be defensive than other New World tarantulas. But will usually flee instead of putting a defensive pose. Although their threat pose is also quite unique, as they own some barbs in their back legs, they will lunge with those legs or will spin in a circle to confuse their attacker. They are terrestrial tarantulas, though they aren't all that active out of their hide.

References

External links

Spiders of South America
Spiders described in 1875
Taxa named by Anton Ausserer

Theraphosidae


Chande  is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4096 people living in 620 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Chhayachhetra   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5152 people living in 888 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Bills horse troughs are watering troughs that were manufactured in Australia and installed to provide relief for working horses in the first half of the twentieth century. The troughs were financed by a trust fund established through the will of George Bills. A total of around 700 troughs were distributed by the trust in Australia and 50 in several other countries.

George and Annis Bills
George Bills was born in Brighton in England in 1859. He migrated with his family to New Zealand and subsequently to Echuca, Victoria, in Australia in  1873. In 1882 he opened a bird dealers shop in Brisbane, where he met and married Annis Swann who had  immigrated from Sheffield in England. In 1884 the couple moved to Sydney and George Bills went into business with his brothers, manufacturing innerspring mattresses. In 1908, George retired to Hawthorn, Victoria, and in 1910, Annis died while the couple were visiting England. George became a Life Governor of the RSPCA in 1924.

Trust fund

George and Annis had no children, and following the death of George in 1927, a trust fund was set up, believed to be around £70-80,000. One of the purposes of the trust, as set out in George Bills' will, was to:

"...construct and erect and pay for horse troughs wherever they may be of the opinion that such horse troughs are desirable for the relief of horses and other dumb animals either in Australasia, in the British Islands or in any other part of the world subject to the consent of the proper authorities being obtained."

Each trough cost £13 plus transport and installation.  The majority of the troughs were installed in Victoria and New South Wales between 1930 and 1939.

Initially the troughs were individually designed and constructed,  however by the early 1930s,  J.B. Phillips, a relative of the Bills, became the head contractor. Working to a standard design he produced the troughs in Auburn Road in Hawthorn. The troughs were pre-cast concrete with a curved pediment with the inscription "Donated by Annis & George Bills Australia".

Manufacture was subsequently handled by Rocla, who produced troughs to the same design in Victoria and later in Junee in New South Wales. With the rise of motorised transport, demand for the troughs declined and production had ceased by the end of World War II.

Aside from the horse troughs, the trust was involved with other animal welfare projects including the establishment of the George Bills RSPCA Rescue Centre at Burwood East, Victoria which opened in 1964.

See also

Warrimoo Horse Trough

Notes
 Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association was founded in London in the year George Bills was born

References

External links

Bills horse troughs - Public Facebook photo album of troughs

Animal welfare
History of transport in Australia


The Econometrics Journal was established in 1998 by the Royal Economic Society to promote the general advancement and application of econometric methods and techniques to problems of relevance to modern economics. It aims to publish high quality research papers relevant to contemporary econometrics in which primary emphasis is placed on important and original contributions of substantive direct or potential value in applications. It is particularly interested in path-breaking articles in econometrics and empirical economics that address leading cases rather than provide an exhaustive treatment.

The journal is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Economic Society. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.571.

References

External links

Econometrics journals
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Triannual journals
Academic journals established in 1998
English-language journals


Damachaur   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4537 people living in 805 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Dandagaun, Rapti   is market center in Sharada Municipality in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. The place formerly existing as Village Development Committee was annexed to form a new municipality since 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4198 people living in 740 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Darmakot   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3760 people living in 669 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Devasthal   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2940 people living in 496 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Dhagari Pipal   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3834 people living in 668 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


MDGA2 (MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 2) is a human gene.
It has previously been called MAMDC1.
MDGA2 is located on chromosome 14.

The gene has a homologue in rat and mouse, Mdga2,
and investigations in rats have found that the gene is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system in a subpopulation of neurons, e.g., in the basilar pons and cerebral cortex.

There are several variants in the human gene,
and a genome-wide association study has pointed to that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in MDGA2 is associated with neuroticism. However, a more recent study has failed to replicate that finding.

References

Genes on human chromosome 14


Dhakadam   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4655 people living in 831 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Dhanwang   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3750 people living in 708 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Eupatorium chinense is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.  The exact boundaries of this species have been defined differently by different authors.  King and Robinson's 1987 paper defines it broadly, to include Eupatorium japonicum, Eupatorium makinoi, some varieties of Eupatorium fortunei, and other plants sometimes considered to be separate species.

Toxicity
Eupatorium chinense contains tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

References

chinense
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


Hiwalcha   is market center in Sharada Municipality in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. The place formerly existing as Village Development Committee was annexed to form a new municipality since 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3533 people living in 658 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


The music of the Command & Conquer series consists of the soundtracks of the Command & Conquer (C&C or CNC) video games, published in various soundtrack and compilation albums. C&C is a video game franchise, mostly of the real-time strategy style, developed primarily by Westwood Studios and Electronic Arts. Much of the music for the series was composed and produced by Westwood Studios' former sound director and video game music composer Frank Klepacki for the early games, with composition duties being taken on by several others following the liquidation of Westwood Studios in 2003. Klepacki returned to the series in 2008 to assist with the soundtrack for Red Alert 3.

Albums

Command & Conquer

The Music of Command & Conquer is a soundtrack album containing musical tracks from the video game Command & Conquer, composed by Frank Klepacki and produced by Westwood. It was originally released in 1995. The soundtrack spans two discs and 22 tracks with combined duration of approximately 72 minutes. The soundtrack was bundled with some of the game's collector's editions, which feature tracks from both the original Command & Conquer and the expansion. Though it was never released through retail, Westwood Studios sold this official soundtrack by special order through its website and in game catalogues. The album was packaged with a brushed aluminium design and featuring the official Command & Conquer logo. Many songs included in the release of the album include vocals which could previously only be heard on the PlayStation or Sega Saturn versions of the game; these were actually the original versions of the songs. The voice samples in the songs conflicted with the voices in the game, factoring in their removal from the in-game soundtrack.

Some song names differ from the in-game versions. In these cases, the in-game track title is mentioned behind the original title. Also, some track titles differ from the versions on Frank Klepacki's website. In these cases, the website's track titles are mentioned behind the original in-game track title. The first seven in-game tracks are only available with the Covert Operations expansion pack.

The Command & Conquer soundtrack is the first video game produced by Westwood to feature streaming music as opposed to MIDI. The 22k mono tracks were produced using an ASR-10 sampler, a Roland S760 sampler and a Roland JD-990 synth module. Klepacki has credited influences from dozens of artists including Peter Gabriel, Pink Floyd and Nine Inch Nails in the production of the soundtrack. Klepacki wrote the songs in batches, each in different musical genres. "In The Line of Fire" was written in an orchestral style while "C&C Thang" was influenced by Hip hop and metal in "Deception". Certain songs such as Hold On, in the style of Laurie Anderson, were cut from the game because they did not fit the style Klepacki was aiming for in the overall soundtrack.
With the release of the Covert Operations expansion pack Klepacki composed many of the ambient songs of which he was requested by Westwood for the game.

The track "No Mercy" as well as "Deception" feature quotes of the character Chuck De Nomolos from the film Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey. "In Trouble" contains quotes of Maverick from Top Gun and the track "I Remember Now" from the Queensrÿche album Operation: Mindcrime. None of these are actual voice samples from the original sources; they were all re-recorded in their own audio studio.

Command & Conquer: Red Alert

The game's original score was composed by Frank Klepacki and was voted the best video game soundtrack of 1996 by PC Gamer and Gameslice magazines. Among his most famous songs from the series is the theme of Red Alert, titled "Hell March", which accents the style of the game with adrenalized riffs of electric guitar, the sounds of marching feet, and synthesizers to a sampled drill command. Originally intended to be the theme for the Brotherhood of Nod faction in the Covert Operations expansion to the 1995 Command & Conquer, the track eventually ended up becoming a staple in the Red Alert series instead.

Following the success of "Hell March", Klepacki headed the composition of its two variations, each becoming the main theme for Red Alert 2 ("Hell March 2/HM2") and Red Alert 3 ("Hell March 3"), respectively.

When playing the single-player campaign, a limited number of tracks are initially available, and more are unlocked as the player progresses through missions. When playing in a multiplayer or "skirmish" game, however, all tracks are available from the start. More tracks were included in the Red Alert expansion packs: Counterstrike, The Aftermath and Retaliation. The music tracks can be listened to on Frank Klepacki's website.

An official soundtrack was released with unique album art designed by Westwood studios and, like the previous release, featured the official Command & Conquer series logo with the Red Alert series motif below. The album contained fifteen songs from the game, plus a hidden bonus track. Half a minute after the end of track 15 plays an unnamed bonus track. Its melodramatic opening was used in the secret campaign, and the track itself is a tribute to Misirlou, using the rhythm of an earlier Command & Conquer music piece, "No Mercy". In the media player on Frank Klepacki's website, the track is titled "Surf No Mercy".

Two tracks on the disc, "Radio 2" and "Face the Enemy 2", had the numbers at the end removed from the track listing, which could potentially cause confusion, since the original "Radio" track is from the first Command & Conquer game, and "Face The Enemy 1" is a different track in Red Alert. Any tracks with different in-game track titles have the in-game version mentioned behind the original title.

Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun

The soundtrack of Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun was released in 1999. In addition certain editions of Tiberian Sun came with the soundtrack bundled in, such as in the Platinum Edition and Firepower bundle pack, which also contained the original Tiberian Sun and its expansion pack, Firestorm.

Reception of the soundtrack was mixed as the music departed from the industrial music style of the original Command & Conquer in favor of a slow, moody ambient music reflecting the game's apocalyptic setting in a world being ecologically ravaged by Tiberium.
Klepacki had originally started writing the soundtrack in a similar style to the previous titles but, after a meeting with Westwood, it was decided that the soundtrack would be "very dark, moody and not upbeat at all". To help him achieve the desired style Klepacki enlisted the help and "electronic style" of Jarrid Mendelson for the production of songs such as Dusk hour and Flurry before the two split to write the remainder of the songs in their respective studios.

When the time came to score the music for the Firestorm expansion pack, Klepacki and the producer decided that the music should be more upbeat and a return to the original style of the music of Command & Conquer.

Unlike previous album releases the cover for Tiberian Sun did not feature the classic Command & Conquer series logo but favoured a shadowed style mirroring the ambient musical tone of the album.

Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2

Red Alert 2 Original Soundtrack is a soundtrack album containing musical tracks from the video game Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2, composed by Frank Klepacki and produced by Westwood. It was originally released in 2001. The soundtrack spans 16 tracks and has a duration of approximately 63:00.

The title track of the album is a rewritten version of the original Hell March from Command & Conquer: Red Alert.

Klepacki defined Red Alert 2s style with heavy metal guitar and fast-paced beats. Klepacki scored the game with a Korg Tr-rack, Novation Nova Desktop, and Roland 5080.

The return to high-energy songs was owed in part to fan criticism of Tiberian Sun. Klepacki maintained the energetic style in Red Alert 2's expansion pack Yuri's Revenge.

Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3

Composer Frank Klepacki returned to write three tracks for the game. When interviewed regarding the matter, Klepacki indicated a strong desire to contribute more, but admitted that due to the fact that he was no longer being employed by Electronic Arts and currently works for Petroglyph Games, that was contractually impossible. At the RA3 Community Summit in June 2008, Klepacki showed a video to the entire C&C community in which he stated that he had been hired to work on Red Alert 3, and that he was composing Hell March 3, the most recent update of Red Alerts iconic theme.

In November 2008, Crispy Gamer reported that James Hannigan and Timothy Michael Wynn wrote the bulk of the game's remaining 114 minutes of music, with Hannigan composing the "Soviet March" menu theme along with music for the Empire of the Rising Sun Faction, and Wynn the music of the Allies and the remaining Soviet tracks. Music4Games has also covered the game's music score.

The band From First to Last composed several remix versions of Hell March and Hell March 2, also featured on the Red Alert 3 soundtrack shipped with the Premier Edition.
The expansion pack, Uprising, scored mostly by James Hannigan and Timothy Michael Wynn, introduced a new track called Yuriko's Theme by Hannigan, featuring two singers: Miriam Stockley and Satomi Morimoto. This theme was later remixed by Menno de Jong into a trance version, and it was later played at many great Trance festivals.

Command & Conquer Remastered Collection Original Soundtrack

The soundtrack of the Remastered Collection was released as physical CDs in the game's 25th Anniversary Edition physical box, as FLAC and raw WAV files on a tiberium crystal shaped USB flash drive in both the 25th Anniversary Edition and the smaller Special Edition box, and on several digital platforms. It includes all music from Command & Conquer and Red Alert, including all bonus tracks unlockable in the game, as well as a studio album of Frank Klepacki with the fan band The Tiberian Sons. The full collection spans six CDs.

Most of the tracks in C&C1 that have differing names in the original game and in the original soundtrack come pre-labelled with both names in this release. However, for Red Alert, this was only done for one track, while several have modified names.

Command & Conquer

Labelled "DISC_1" and "DISC_2" in the physical edition, these two CDs contain the soundtrack of the original game.

The first Command & Conquer disc contains the remastered music of the base game. These versions are lacking any sound clips featured in the original game's soundtrack disc versions, appearing in the same style as they did in the original game.

The second Command & Conquer disc is labelled specifically as "Covert Operations & Bonus Tracks" in the physical release. The mentioned bonus tracks include the original soundtrack release versions of tracks already present on the first CD.

Command & Conquer: Red Alert

The Red Alert soundtrack comes on three discs, labelled "DISC_3", "DISC_4" and "DISC_5" in the physical edition.

The first Red Alert disc contains more or less the same tracks as the original soundtrack release.

The tracks "Run" was originally called "Run for Your Life". Likewise, "Twin Cannon" appeared in the original game as "Twin". Both tracks were named differently on the soundtrack CD, and appear in the Remaster soundtrack by their soundtrack name.

The second Red Alert disc completes the base game's in-game music, and adds bonus tracks and music that was originally exclusive to the PlayStation Retaliation release. One track, "Twin Cannon Remix", is erroneously labelled as "Retaliation Remix", while it only appeared in the PC version, in the Counterstrike expansion pack. The remixed version of "Radio 2" appeared on the original game disc of Counterstrike in Red Book audio format behind the game data, but was not accessible inside the game. The track "Awaiting" was called "Await" in the original game, but was renamed in the Remaster.

The third Red Alert disc is labelled "Counterstrike & The Aftermath" in the physical release, and contains tracks of the game's expansion packs, plus another few bonus tracks.

Frank Klepacki & The Tiberian Sons: Celebrating 25 Years of Command & Conquer

Specific for the Remastered Collection is an album of 22 tracks from the included games, Renegade, Tiberian Sun, Red Alert 2, the expansion Yuri's Revenge, and Red Alert 3. Made by Klepacki along with the fan band The Tiberian Sons, based on their performance at MAGFest 2019. This disc is labelled "DISC_6" in the physical release.

Reception and legacy

Before the release of Command & Conquer, the majority of video games used MIDI files and other similar formats for music as a way to save space. Westwood Studios was one of the first major developers to include actual full digitised audio files for that. Although these recordings were generally of low quality compared to modern mp3s, many credit Westwood for helping to popularize the concept.

References

Command & Conquer
Command and Conquer


Eupatorium formosanum is a plant species in the family Asteraceae. It is found in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). It is a perennial herb growing about  tall.

References

formosanum
Flora of the Ryukyu Islands
Flora of Taiwan


The 339th Flight Test Squadron is a United States Air Force unit based at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia.    It is part of the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center, with a mission to certify aircraft as worthy to return to service. The squadron is responsible for conducting flight tests on the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy and McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle after program depot maintenance is completed.

Along with their flight test responsibilities, the squadron also picks up and delivers aircraft, including battle-damaged aircraft, to locations where they are needed or can be repaired.

During World War II, the squadron was given, and successfully carried out, the assignment to shoot down the plane carrying Imperial Japanese Navy Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in Operation Vengeance.

History

World War II
Combat in South and Southwest Pacific, c. 22 October 1942 – 8 August 1945. As the 339th Fighter Squadron, notably carried out Operation Vengeance on 18 April 1943, resulting in the death of Japanese admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who had planned the attack on Pearl Harbor. Multiple pilots in the squadron earned the Navy Cross for their roles in the mission.

Air defense of Japan and Korean War
The squadron was reactivated on 20 February 1947, when it took over the personnel and aircraft from the 6th Night Fighter Squadron, which was simultaneously inactivated.  Air defense in Japan, 1946–1958. Combat in Korea, 27 June – 5 July 1950.

Tactical Air Command
The squadron was inactivated in August 1983 and its personnel and aircraft were transferred to the 69th Tactical Fighter Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.

Flight test operations
Tested possible modifications for various weapons systems, 1988–.

Lineage
 339th Tactical Fighter Squadron
 Constituted as the 339th Fighter Squadron on 29 September 1942
 Activated on 3 October 1942
 Redesignated 339th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) on 23 February 1943
 Redesignated 339th Fighter Squadron, Two Engine on 20 August 1943
 Inactivated on 1 January 1946
 Redesignated 339th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 13 July 1946
 Activated on 25 August 1946
 Redesignated 339th Fighter Squadron (All Weather) on 20 February 1947
 Redesignated 339th Fighter Squadron, All Weather on 10 August 1948
 Redesignated 339th Fighter-All Weather Squadron on 20 January 1950
 Redesignated 339th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 25 April 1951
 Inactivated on 15 January 1958
 Redesignated 339th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 19 December 1975
 Activated on 30 December 1975
 Inactivated on 1 July 1983
 Consolidated with the 2875th Test Squadron as the 339th Test Squadron on 1 October 1992

 339th Flight Test Squadron
 Designated as the 2875th Test Squadron and activated on 15 January 1988
 Consolidated with the 339th Tactical Fighter Squadron as the 339th Test Squadron on 1 October 1992
 Redesignated 339th Flight Test Squadron on 15 March 1994

Assignments

 347th Fighter Group, 3 October 1942 – 1 January 1946
 Thirteenth Air Force, 25 August 1946
 347th Fighter Group (later 347th Fighter-All Weather Group), 20 February 1947 (attached to 35th Fighter Wing (later 35th Fighter-Interceptor Wing) after 1 July 1949)
 Fifth Air Force, 24 June 1950 (remained attached to 35th Fighter-Interceptor Wing until 26 June 1950, attached to 8th Fighter-Bomber Wing until 5 July 1950, again attached to 35 Fighter-Interceptor Wing)
 314th Air Division, 1 December 1950 (attached to 6162d Air Base Wing until 24 May 1951, then to 35th Fighter-Interceptor Wing)

 Japan Air Defense Force, 1 March 1952 (attached to 35th Fighter-Interceptor Wing until 20 July 1954, then to 49th Fighter-Bomber Wing)
 Fifth Air Force, 1 September 1954 (remained attached to 49th Fighter-Bomber Wing until 18 November 1954, then to 4th Fighter-Interceptor Wing)
 39th Air Division, 1 March 1955 – 15 January 1958 (attached to 4th Fighter-Interceptor Wing until 15 September 1957)
 347th Tactical Fighter Wing, 30 December 1975 – 1 July 1983
 Warner Robins Air Logistics Center, 15 January 1988
 622d Flight Test Group, 1 October 2001
 413th Flight Test Group, 1 October 2003 – present

Stations

 New Caledonia, 3 October 1942 (detachment operated from Kukum Field, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands until 1 December 1943)
 Kukum Field, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, 29 December 1943
 Stirling Island, Solomon Islands, 15 January 1944
 Sansapor, New Guinea, 15 August 1944
 Middleburg Island, 19 September 1944 (operated from Morotai, Maluku Islands after 13 February)
 San Jose, Mindoro, Philippines, 22 February 1945 (continued to operate from Morotai)

 Puerto Princesa, Palawan., Philippines, 6 March – 11 December 1945 (continued to operate from Morotaiuntil until 25 March 1945)
 Camp Stoneman, California, 30 December 1945 – 1 January 1946
 Fort William McKinley, Luzon, Philippines, 25 August 1946
 Johnson Air Base, Japan, 15 December 1946
 Yokota Air Base, Japan, 1 April 1950
 Johnson Air Base, Japan, 4 August 1950
 Chitose Air Base, Japan, 20 July 1954 – 15 January 1958
 Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, 30 December 1975 – 1 July 1983
 Robins Air Force Base Georgia, 15 January 1988 – present

Aircraft operated

 Bell P-400, 1942
 Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1942–1943
 Lockheed P-38 Lightning, 1942–1945
 Northrop P-61 Black Widow (later F-61, 1947–1950
 North American F-82 Twin Mustang, 1949–1951
 Lockheed F-94 Starfire, 1951–1955
 Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star, 1953–1954
 North American F-86 Sabre, 1955–1957
 McDonnell F-4 Phantom II, 1976–1983

References

 Notes

 Citations

Bibliography

External links
 Wartime Service of Northrop P-61 Black Widow

Flight test squadrons of the United States Air Force


Eupatorium fortunei is a plant species in the family Asteraceae native from Asia where it is rare in the wild but commonly cultivated.  The white to reddish colored flowers and herbage smell like lavender when crushed. In China the plants are used to make fragrant oils.

Description
Eupatorium fortunei is a herbaceous perennial that grows 40 to 100 centimeters tall, growing from procumbent rhizomes.  Plants are upright growing with green stems that are often tinted with reddish or purple dots. The stems have few branches and the inflorescence is apically branched. Cauline foliage is large with short petioles, the 5 to 10 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide leaves are 3-sected or 3-partite and the terminal lobe of the leaves is large and narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate shaped. The margins of the leaves are toothed, the largest leaves are produced mid stem and the leaves become smaller as they descend down the stems, the bottom leaves wither away by the time flowering begins. The flowers are in capitula, which are numerous and arranged in apical compound corymbs; inflorescence 3 to 10 cm across. The phyllaries are purple-red, they also lack hairs and glands. The florets are white to reddish in color, have 5 cm wide corolla that also lack glands. The elliptically shaped fruits are 5 angled achenes which are black-brown in color and 3–4 mm long. Pappus is white and about 5 mm long. This species flowers and fruits in July through November in China.

In Chinese, the name is Pei-lan (佩蘭), and in ancient literatures, it is also referred to as Lan-tsao (蘭草).

In Japanese it is known as fujibakama, a term that is also applied to cultivated Eupatorium flowers which have noticeable differences (in leaf shape) from the wild E. fortunei.

Uses
The plant is used medicinally in both Japan and China.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine it is indicated for poor appetite, nausea and vomiting due to 'dampness' obstructions or summer heat. Its modern usage includes stomach flus and acute gastritis, in conjunction with other herbs including Huo Xiang (Agastache rugosa).

Toxicity
Eupatorium fortunei contains tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

References

fortunei
Taxa named by Nikolai Turczaninow


Philogelos (), also titled or subtitled The Jests of Hierocles and Philagrius, is the oldest existing collection of jokes. The collection is written in Ancient Greek, and the language used indicates that it may have been written in the fourth century AD, according to William Berg, an American classics professor. It is attributed to Hierocles and Philagrius, about whom little is known. Because the celebration of a thousand years of Rome is mentioned in joke 62, the collection perhaps dates from after that event in 248 AD. Although it is the oldest existing collection of jokes, it is known that it was not the oldest collection, because Athenaeus wrote that Philip II of Macedon paid for a social club in Athens to write down its members' jokes, and at the beginning of the second century BC, Plautus twice has a character mentioning books of jokes. The collection contains 265 jokes categorised into subjects such as teachers and scholars, and eggheads and fools.

Modern day
In 2008, British TV personality and comedian Jim Bowen tested the material on a modern audience. One of the jokes in Philogelos has been described as "an ancestor of Monty Python's famous Dead Parrot comedy sketch." Comedian Jimmy Carr has said that some of the jokes are "strikingly similar" to modern ones.

The National Museum of Language showcases a virtual exhibit, ‘‘Philogelos: The First Joke Book,” of cartoons created from translations of the Philogelos collection.

See also
Roman jokes
Poetics (Aristotle), Aristotle discusses the nature of tragedy and comedy, but the book on the latter is lost.

References

Further reading
The Philogelos or Laughter-Lover (London Studies in Classical Philology Series, 10) by Barry Baldwin 1983,
Philogelos: Hieroclis et Philagrii facetiae by A. Eberhard (1869) Berlin: H. Ebeling & C. Plahn
Ἱεροκλέους και Φιλαγρίου (Hierokles kai Philagrios). G. Pachymeris declamationes XIII quarum XII ineditae, Hieroclis et Philagrii grammaticorum φιλόγελως longe maximam partem ineditus by Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie (1848) Paris
Philogelos, Antike Witze, Greek and German by Kai Brodersen Wiesbaden: Marix 2016,

External links
Φιλόγελως, Bibliotheca Augustana, E-text (Greek)
Philogelos: Hieroclis et Philagrii Facetiae, Google Books (Greek)
45 Jokes from The Laughter Lover
The Jests of Hierocles and Philagrius, Internet Archive (English)
Philogelos: The Laugh Addict: The World's Oldest Joke Book, Internet Archive (English)
The World's Oldest Surviving Joke Book, with discussion of its authorship, context, style, and purpose

Ancient Greek works
Humour
4th-century books


Eupatorium japonicum, known as fragrant eupatorium in English and 白头婆  bai tou po, in Chinese, is a herbaceous plant species in the family Asteraceae. It is native to China, Japan and Korea.

Description

Eupatorium japonicum is a herbaceous perennial growing 50–200 cm tall from short rhizomes with many fibrous roots. The stems are upright and marked with purplish red, ending with simple or corymbose, (flat) inflorescence that branch near their ends. The leaves are oppositely arranged on the stems and have short but rather thick petioles that are 1–2 cm long. The leaves midway up the stems are elliptic, narrowly elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate in shape and 6 to 20 long and 2 to 6.5 cm wide. The leaves are pinnately veined, with lateral veins 7-paired, the undersides of the leaves have prominent veining. The Leaves gradually tapper to a sharp point and the bases are broad or narrow, and the leaf margins are sometimes 3-partite. Before flowering, the basel foliage withers away. The upper leaves of the stems are the same shape but smaller than those below them. The foliage is scabrid, crisped-villous or puberulent with yellow glandular hairs. Leaf margins are coarsely or double-serrate. The flowers are collected together into capitula (heads) that are densely corymbose, the inflorescence are usually 3 to 6 cm wide and rarely form large compound corymbose inflorescence that can be up to 20 cm wide. The involucre are campanulate shaped and 5–6 mm wide, composed of five flowers. The lanceolate shaped phyllaries are imbricate, with 3-seriate edges, the outer phyllaries are very short, only 1–2 mm wide, and green or purple-tinged. The florets are white, red-purple, or pink, with corolla about 5 mm wide and the corolla is covered with yellow glands. The fruits are black-brown, 5-angled, hairless achenes, that are elliptic in shape and about 3.5 mm long, and are covered with yellow glands. The 5 mm long pappus are white. This species blooms and fruits from June to November.

Taxonomy
King and Robinson, in a 1987 paper, considered E. japonicum to be part of a more broadly defined E. chinense.

There are two varieties of Eupatorium japonicum:
Eupatorium japonicum var. japonicum with leaves not 3-partite.
Eupatorium japonicum var. tripartitum with leaves 3-partite.

Toxicity
Eupatorium japonicum contains tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

References

japonicum


Commonwealth Oil Refineries (COR) was an Australian oil company that operated between 1920 and 1952 as a joint venture of the Australian government and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.

Early history

The partnership was established in 1920 on the initiative of prime minister Billy Hughes.

The board was to consist of seven members, three representing the Commonwealth and four representing the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The provisional board consisted of: Sir Robert Garran, M. C. Lockyer, and Robert Gibson for the Commonwealth, and F. H. Bathurst, Professor Payne, T. J. Greenway, and W. J. Windeyer for the oil company. Greenway served as chairman for the first year.

In 1922, the company purchased the disused shale oil refinery at Hamilton, that had been operated by British Australian Oil Company, and relocated equipment from there for use in its new refinery in Victoria.

In 1924 it opened Australia's first oil refinery that processed imported crude oil, near Laverton, Victoria, north of the Melbourne - Geelong railway, adjacent to Kororoit Creek Road. The refinery received its first shipment of crude oil on 12 March 1924, with product coming "on-stream" on 17 May 1924. The refinery had an annual processing capacity of 100,000 tons of crude oil. The refinery was shut down on 6 August 1955, eclipsed by much larger refineries being built around the country.

In the 1930s the company was involved in oil search ventures.

BP
In 1952, the Menzies Coalition government sold the Australian government's interest in COR to the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, which became the British Petroleum Company (BP) in 1954. Former PM Billy Hughes last speech in parliament was an attack on the Menzies Government's decision to sell its share in Commonwealth Oil Refineries, one of the state-owned enterprises his government had established over 30 years earlier. According to H.V. Evatt, his speech "seemed at once to grip the attention of all honourable members present ... nobody left the House, and nobody seemed to dare to move".

In 1955 it developed a refinery at Kwinana, Western Australia

BP/COR
Between 1952 and 1959, BP Australia branded its standard-grade petrol as COR, but then dropped the name.

See also

Ampol
Golden Fleece Company
Neptune Oil Company

References

Works cited

External links

Former joint ventures
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
Defunct oil and gas companies of Australia
Former Commonwealth Government-owned companies of Australia


Karim Meïssa Wade (born 1 September 1968) is a Senegalese politician who served in the government of Senegal as Minister of State for International Cooperation, Regional Development, Air Transport, and Infrastructure from May 2009 to April 2012. He is the son of Abdoulaye Wade, who was President of Senegal from 2000 to 2012. Before joining the government, Karim Wade was President of the National Agency for the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (Agence Nationale de l'Organisation de la Conférence Islamique, ANOCI) and served as an advisor to his father. He was widely seen as a possible successor to his father as president, and his father was widely believed to be grooming him for the position.

Early life
Wade, the son of Abdoulaye Wade and his French wife Viviane Wade, was born in Paris on 1 September 1968. He attended primary school at the French-Senegalese School of Dakar (part of the les Maristes Cours Sainte Marie de Hann) and completed his secondary education at the School of Saint Martin of France, where he obtained his Baccalaureate degree.

He then attended the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne where he obtained a bachelor's degree in Management Science followed by a master's degree in Financial Engineering.

Career
Karim's father, Abdoulaye Wade, was elected as President of Senegal in the 2000 presidential election after decades in opposition. In 2002, Karim Wade was named Personal Advisor to the President of the Republic, in charge of implementing major restructuring projects, among which were the New International Airport of Diass, the restructuring of Chemical Industries of Senegal (Industries Chimiques du Senegal, ICS), and the creation of the special integrated economic zone of Dakar.

In June 2004, Wade was named President of ANOCI, whose mission was to prepare and organize the 11th Islamic Summit. The ANOCI team worked to create a so-called modern transportation infrastructure, rebuilding the Corniche Ouest, and developing public works such as the Soumbedioune Tunnel and the Northern Corridor Highway exchanges. Critics complained that Wade exceeded his budget as President of ANOCI.

On 26 August 2008, Wade met with French President Nicolas Sarkozy to discuss a project for the installation of a nuclear power station in Senegal. This would ease the problem of electrical power generation which had confronted the country for many years.

2009 Dakar election and ministerial appointment
Karim Wade ran for office for the first time in the March 2009 local election in Dakar. Although Wade won a seat as a municipal councillor, the opposition won a majority of seats and thus gained control of Dakar's municipal government; the outcome was considered to be a political humiliation for Wade. Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye was subsequently appointed Prime Minister, and met with Karim Wade on 1 May 2009; at that meeting he offered Wade a position in the government, which Wade accepted. Later the same day, Wade was appointed Minister of State for International Cooperation, Regional Development (Aménagement du territoire), Air Transport, and Infrastructure.

Members of the opposition suggested that Wade and his father had originally planned to use local power in Dakar to position him for the presidential succession, but that the plan had been thwarted due to the opposition victory in Dakar. Consequently, according to the speculation, Wade would instead be positioned for the succession through control of a key ministry. In the press, Wade's ministry was described as the largest ever in Senegal since its independence, and Wade was compared to Ali Bongo, son of Gabonese President Omar Bongo, who was also thought to be positioned for the presidential succession through control of a key ministry. President Wade consistently dismissed claims that he was preparing his son for the succession, describing Karim as an ordinary citizen.

The office building in which Karim Wade worked caught on fire on 1 October 2009 due to an electrical problem, and Wade was rescued from the building by French and Senegalese firefighters. In December 2009, when defending Senegal's construction of a massive "African Renaissance" statue from imam claims that it was "idolatrous", President Wade compared the statue to Christian statues of Jesus Christ. Although he used the comparison to counter the suggestion that the statue was idolatrous, some Christians angrily protested his remarks, and Wade sent Karim to deliver an apology to Theodore Adrien Sarr, the Archbishop of Dakar.

In a government where decision-making was already heavily dominated by President Wade, Karim was given vast responsibilities that far exceeded those assigned to ordinary ministers, and some argued that his portfolio covered 46% of the state's budget. According to President Wade, Karim's vast responsibilities were justified by his exceptional competence. By 2010, with Karim playing a key role in government work, it seemed clear to many Senegalese that he was being prepared for the presidential succession, particularly in light of his father's advanced age (Abdoulaye Wade was 84 years old in 2010). The elder Wade's decision to create the office of Vice-President fueled rumors that he envisioned it as a mechanism through which to secure his son's succession, although he made no immediate move to appoint Karim (or anyone else) to the newly created post.

Despite the speculation, in 2010 President Wade still seemed fit and energetic for a man of his age, and he expressed his intention to stand for another term in the 2012 presidential election. Karim himself was observed to be highly deferential towards his father. In the public, there was considerable objection to the notion of a father–son succession, and Karim seemed foreign to many Senegalese, raising the question of whether such a succession would be politically viable.

President Wade expanded his "super-minister" son's already vast responsibilities even further by assigning him the energy portfolio, in addition to his others on 4 October 2010.

Abdoulaye Wade ran for another term as President in the February—March 2012 presidential election; his candidacy was controversial, with the opposition arguing that he had already exhausted the two terms permitted under the constitution. Wade was ultimately defeated by opposition candidate Macky Sall. Karim Wade consequently lost his appointed government post in April 2012, when Sall was sworn in.

Legal charges
A year after leaving office, Karim Wade was charged with corruption and imprisoned at Rebeuss beginning on 17 April 2013. He was sentenced to six years imprisonment on 23 March 2015, two days after the Senegalese Democratic Party designated him as its candidate for the next presidential election. He was also fined 138 billion CFA francs (US$228 million). Wade appealed to the Supreme Court, but the court ruled against him on 20 August 2015.

Opponents of Sall argued that Wade's imprisonment was politically motivated.  He spent three years in jail before being pardoned by Sall and released from prison on 24 June 2016. He was, however, still required to pay his enormous fine. Following his release he went into exile in Qatar where he has resided since then.

Panama Papers

When ICIJ partner journalists from Ouestaf.com examined the Panama Papers they discovered documentation of the existence of secret contracts and payments between DP World FZE (DP) and Mamadou Pouye, the bribery codefendant of Karim Wade. This information was not available at their trial; Ouestaf confirmed their financial ties to the corporation for the first time during the Panama Papers investigation.  Wade was sentenced in 2015 to a 6-year prison term by the Cour de répression de l’enrichissement illicite (Crei), a specialized anti-corruption court. Wade was accused of illegally amassing assets of more than $240 million, and his childhood friend Pouye was sentenced to five years for allegedly helping him. Both denied wrongdoing and the United Nations and Amnesty International said their rights had been violated at trial. Ouestaf's investigation did not address the legality of the trial.

Ouestaf did conclude that they had succeeded in tracing a payment to Pouye's oversea shell company from a subsidiary of DP.

Pouye owned three offshore companies, Seabury Inc, Regory Invest and Latvae Inc.
Through Seabury, a consulting contract worth €7.2 million with DP World materialized.
Regory Invest acted as a Seabury subcontractor, and was paid €65,000 a month, according to the documents.
A second contract for 2013-2015 to focus on DP's African holdings, and would have paid Wade and Pouye $3 million at signing; however the pair were arrested.

Seabury was set up in 2008, a year after Senegal signed a contract with DP World for rights to the container terminal at the Autonomous Port of Dakar. According to Ouestaf the documents make it clear that while Crei investigators were interested in the funds in Pouye's Monaco account, they did not know that the money was coming from his own offshore company.

Personal life
Wade was married to a French citizen, Karine Wade, and had daughters children with her. She died of cancer in Paris on 10 April 2009.

References

1968 births
Living people
Senegalese people of French descent
French people of Senegalese descent
Children of presidents
Government ministers of Senegal
University of Paris alumni
People named in the Panama Papers
Senegalese politicians convicted of crimes
Prisoners and detainees of Senegal
Senegalese prisoners and detainees
Politicians convicted of corruption
French Muslims
Senegalese Muslims
Politicians from Paris
Senegalese Democratic Party politicians


Kaler may refer to:

Places
Kaler, Armenia, a town in Syunik Province, Armenia
Kaler, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in Graves County, Kentucky, United States
Kaler, Bihar, a block in Arwal district, Bihar, India

People with the surname
Berwick Kaler (born 1947), British actor
Eric Kaler (born 1956), American university president
Ilya Kaler (born 1963), Russian violinist
James Otis Kaler (1848–1912), American journalist
Jamie Kaler (born 1964), American comedian
James B. Kaler (born 1934), American astronomer and author
Kanth Kaler (born 1972), Indian singer


Kutcha Edwards is an indigenous Australian singer and songwriter. He was born in Balranald, New South Wales, in 1965. A survivor of the Stolen Generations, he was removed from his parents at the age of 18 months. He is a Mutti Mutti man. He was named Indigenous Person of the Year at the 2001 NAIDOC Awards and won a Deadly for Male Artist of the Year the same year. He won the 2016 Melbourne Prize for Music.

Edwards also contributed lyrics to a revised version of "Advance Australia Fair"-collaborating with Judith Durham, and singing the anthem not only with her, but also in a solo version.

Edwards' music career began in 1991 as a member of Watbalimba. He later joined the band Blackfire who he was with during the 1990s. Edwards now fronts the Kutcha Edwards Band and is part of The Black Arm Band. He has appeared as a guest on the SBS TV series RocKwiz. He released his third album, Blak & Blu, produced by Craig Pilkington and featuring Jeff Lang as well as guest appearances by Dan Sultan and Rebecca Barnard among others in October 2012.

Discography

Albums

Awards and nominations

Environmental Music Prize
The Environmental Music Prize is a quest to find a theme song to inspire action on climate and conservation. It commenced in 2022.

!
|-
|  2023
| "Singing Up Country"
| Environmental Music Prize
|
|
|-

Music Victoria Awards
The Music Victoria Awards are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music. They commenced in 2006.

!
|-
| 2013
| Kutcha Edwards
| Best Indigenous Act
|
|rowspan="3"|
|-
| 2014
| Kutcha Edwards
| Best Indigenous Act
|
|-
| 2016
| Kutcha Edwards
| Best Indigenous Act
|
|-
| 2022
| Kutcha Edwards
| Soul, Funk, RNB & Gospel Work
|
|
|-
| 2023
| Kutcha Edwards
| Hall of Fame
|
|
|-
|}

References

External links
Official site

1965 births
Living people
Australian male singers
Australian male songwriters
Indigenous Australian musicians
Members of the Stolen Generations


WAWK (1140 AM) is a radio station  broadcasting a classic hits format. Licensed to Kendallville, Indiana, United States.  The station is currently owned by Northeast Indiana Broadcasting. WAWK programming is simulcast on FM translators W232DK (94.3 MHz) in Auburn and W238BH (95.5 MHz) in Kendallville.

References

External links

 FCC History Cards for WAWK (covering 1954-1981 as WKTL / WAWK)

AWK
AWK
Radio stations established in 1956


Horisme corticata is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species can be found from Denmark up to Poland, Austria, Hungary and Romania and from central Italy, the Balkan and Anatolia up to the Caucasus and Southern Russia.

The wingspan is 26–28 mm. The moths fly from April to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Clematis vitalba, Clematis viticella and Anemone sylvestris.

External links
 www.lepiforum.de
 Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa

Melanthiini
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1835


Blackfire were an Australian Indigenous band. They were formed in late 1992 and disbanded in 1999. The original members were Bradley Brown, Selwyn Burns, Kutcha Edwards, Grant Hansen and Kelli McGuinness. They released two albums, A Time to Dream (1994) and the Paul Hester produced Night Vision (1998).

History

Blackfire were formed in Melbourne in late 1992 by Bradley Brown (ex-Watbalimba, Interaction) on bass guitar, drums and vocals; Selwyn Burns (ex-Coloured Stone, Mixed Relations, No Fixed Address) on lead guitar and vocals; Kutcha Edwards on lead vocals, Grant Hansen (ex-Interaction, Mercury Blues) on rhythm guitar and vocals, and Kelli McGuinness (ex-Dr Koori, Interaction, Watbalimba) on drums, bass guitar, guitar and vocals. Their first album, A Time to Dream, was released in 1994 by Central Australian Aboriginal Media Association (CAAMA).

Leroy Cummins (ex-Christine Anu Band) joined the group on guitar in 1997 to expand the line-up, as did Corey Noll later on. Blackfire toured extensively throughout Australia before travelling to Asia (Japan, China and Taiwan), alongside Archie Roach and the Naroo Dancers. They recorded their second album, Night Vision (1998), with Paul Hester producing at his studio, the Lodge, in Melbourne. Hansen compared their two albums, "some different sounds and different range of music. I'd say that it's much more universal than the first album. The first one was about being Kooris living in the city. It was a full-on rock album. This one's much more about hope for the future. The style of songs is a bit different – they’'re not as quick paced and rocked up, it's more mellow."

People
Kelli McGuinness is the son of activist Bruce McGuinness, who made two films associated with the band: Black Fire in 1972, and A Time to Dream in 1974.

References

External links
Caritas (pdf) reconciliation. Stories of the heart / Sounds of the rock (study guide)

Indigenous Australian musical groups
Musical groups established in 1992
Musical groups disestablished in 1999
Musical groups from Melbourne


Successianus was a Roman soldier, general and praetorian prefect in the third century AD of whom very little is known for certain. He is said to have distinguished himself as commander of the garrison of an allied city besieged by barbarian pirates, and then made praetorian prefect by the emperor Valerian on the strength of this. As praetorian prefect appears to have done useful work in restoring Antioch, the capital of the Roman East, after the devastation which had been inflicted by Shapur, the King of the Persians, in his invasion of 252. However,  he was overwhelmed by the circumstances with which he had to contend when Shapur invaded on a second occasion in 260 and seems to have shared in the defeat of Valerian at the Battle of Edessa and his subsequent captivity in Persia.

Sources

What little is known of Successianius comes from the Historia Nova of Zosimus and the information is teased out by Professor Andreas Alföldi and by Laurence Lee Howe. This article is based on their accounts.

Origins

Nothing is known of Successianus's origins or his date of birth.  The absence of any evidence as to his nomen means that onomastic analysis cannot be applied.

Career

Successianus is first encountered, probably in 254, as the commander of the garrison of Pityus, a city in the Kingdom of Colchis on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in modern Georgia. This region did not lie within the Roman imperial frontier, but it is known that Rome was in a treaty relationship with Colchis and supplied garrisons at key points. During Successianus's watch, Pityus came under attack by the Borani, one of the peoples who lived in the steppes north of the Crimea known generally as the Scythae. The Borani raid on Pityus was one of the first of the seaborne expeditions by the Scythae which were to reach their peak in the 260s. Thanks to Successianus's inspired leadership, the city held out and the raiders were forced to retreat after suffering considerable losses.

This success by one of his commanders inspired the Emperor Valerian who had recently arrived in Syria Coele to take charge of the war against the Persians to call Successianus to his headquarters in Antioch, where he is said to have assisted the Emperor in rebuilding the city which had been reduced to ruins by King Shapur in 252. He is then supposed to have been made Praetorian Prefect although Zozimus nowhere says this. If he was thus promoted, his authority is likely to have been exercised in the Asian and oriental provinces which were  ruled by Valerian as the senior emperor (The European, African and Egyptian provinces were ruled by Valerian's son Gallienus who may have had Silvanus as his praetorian prefect.

End

Unfortunately, the qualities that had made Successianus an excellent garrison commander in Pityus were obviously not those he needed as Valerian's Chief-of-General Staff: the Roman defence of the East, torn between the need to fend off Shapur in Mesopotamia and Syria and the Scythae in Asia Minor, was generally ineffective. Unable to battle the deadly combination of military defeat and plague, military morale seems to have collapsed. It is supposed that Successianus was with Valerian, still serving him as Praetorian Prefect when Shapur defeated him and took him captive near the city of Osrhoene Edessa in June(?) 260. It is supposed that, like his Emperor, he died in Persian captivity.

It is impossible to determine whether in Successianus we see a promising officer who had shown sufficient promise to be promoted praepositus of the garrison of an allied city, but was then elevated beyond his capabilities, or a soldier of some competence who was unable to get a grip on the situation that prevailed at the headquarters of the Imperial field-army. Some combination of these possibilities is more than likely.

References and notes

Ancient Roman generals
3rd-century Romans
Praetorian prefects
Equestrian commanders of vexillationes
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown


Grant Hansen is an Australian Indigenous musician and broadcaster who has worked as a host of the Marngrook footy show, broadcast on National Indigenous TV network as well as Channel 31, Foxtel, ABC and SBS . He has worked as a radio announcer / presenter on Melbourne's Indigenous radio station 3KND. Hansen won a Deadly in 2000 for Aboriginal Broadcaster of the Year. He has also worked at 3CR, SBS and SEN sports station.

Musical career
Hansen was one of the founding members of Blackfire who were one of Australia’s most successful indigenous acts of the 90s. They were awarded a NAIDOC award for Artists of the year and received an international songwriting award for the song My Island Paradise. Hansen was the manager of Blackfire for ten of their 12 years, taking over from Anthony Brown.

He also founded the Kutcha Edwards Band when Blackfire took a break after being on the road for 12 years .

Hansen released a solo album Big City Combo (2007) which features guest appearances from Wilbur Wilde, Ross Wilson, Paul Kelly and Paul Hester.

Hansen’s Big City Combo Band now features former members of OL’55, Swanee, Delltones, Dynamic Hepnotics and Mental as Anything. Grant has also played with and managed Koori acts including Interaction, Mercury Blues, Deniece Hudson, Bob Wilson and Vic Simms. He has toured all over Australia as well as China, Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Mexico, and is a leading indigenous musician in the Australian music scene.

He was a founding member and former CEO of Songlines Music Aboriginal corporation. He worked as the CEO for 12 years. In 2003, he created the biggest indigenous music concert Share the Spirit held every year in Melbourne on 26 January.

Television  career
Hansen was the creator and host of Australia’s most popular indigenous TV show Marngrook, and worked on the show as a presenter, writer, producer. Marngrook aired on NITV for twelve years.

He has acted and appeared in the Chinese series Rich Dad Poor Dad, and starred in the live theater production Up the Road. He has worked on other TV programs including Staying Healthy Staying Alive, ABC’s Songlines, and served as host of the Treaty TV Show on SBS.

References

External links
National Indigenous Times. Issue 153 - 15 May 2008 BLACK & WHITE: Grant Hansen - Kool 'N' Deadly

The Marngrook Footy Show

Indigenous Australian musicians
Living people
Australian male singers
Australian male songwriters
Australian radio personalities
Australian television presenters
Year of birth missing (living people)


Eupatorium luchuense is a plant species in the family Asteraceae found in Taiwan.

References

luchuense


Tank Racer is a 3D action racing computer and video game developed by the Glass Ghost team at Simis and published by Grolier Interactive, copyrighted in 1998 and released on March 30 1999.

Gameplay

There are four different play modes to choose from: Cup Mode, Single Race Mode, Multi-player Battle Mode, and Multi-player Racing Mode.

Cup Mode
In Cup Mode the player's aim is to win all three "cups" in the World Tank Racing Championship (WTRC). Each cup has its own four tanks for the player to choose from, and one secret tank that is unlocked upon completion of the cup (making a total of 15 playable tanks in the game). There are 8 different tracks, although some of them are reused meaning there are a total of 15 races.

Upon completion of each cup, "bonuses" are unlocked. These include three tanks, a music player (which lets the player choose any of the songs from the soundtrack to listen to), the ability to re-watch the 'outro' videos for each cup, special game settings (which includes 'overhead view', 'dual control', a 'hover tank', the option to change the sound effects to 'human voices' and 'guitar squeal') and three 'secret' mini arcade games (a one or two-player Pong clone with tanks called "Ping"; a one-player top-down view maze tank game called "Tank 2001", the name of which might allude to the Arcadia 2001 game console; and a one-player Asteroids clone, called "Space Tank", again with a tank).

Single Race Mode
Single Race Mode is similar to the Cup Mode, the difference being the player can play any race they choose to (as long as they have already completed that race within the Cup Mode system), and of course it's just a single race.

Multi-player Battle Mode and Multi-player Racing Mode
In Battle Mode the player can battle other players in one of eight special battle arenas (some of which are based on the racing arenas, and some of which are unique). How many "cups" the player has won in Cup Mode affects the speed of the tanks and the power-ups. Each tank has an energy/health bar, and when this is depleted, the game is over for that player.

The multi-player Racing Mode lets players race against each other on 6 tracks. There is also a Catch-up mode to help less experienced players.

The main difference between the PC and PlayStation releases is in the Multi-player modes. On the PC edition up to 6 players can take part in a race or battle over LAN or "direct IP", whereas on the PlayStation edition it's a maximum of two players using a split screen.

The game features ten Drum and bass music tracks by artists Ramone and Trigger, Waterloop, Substance, D-Tour, Bay Tremore, Vim! and Dharma.

Reception
The UK Official PlayStation Magazine gave the PlayStation version 6 out of 10, describing the "novelty racing game" as having a "Casanova charm" with a "fun-filled soul".

IGN gave the game 5.2 out of 10, calling it mediocre and saying that "There's some original thought here but not enough to make the game deserve much attention."

Tank Racer (mobile game)

A mobile phone game with the same title and similar gameplay (although in 2D) was released by GlobalFun and Runestone Games in February 2005.

In the game the player can choose from a range of six tanks including Bumbleboy, Thor and Power Punch. Like Glass Ghost's game, they have a range of tracks and championships to choose from, and some tracks have hidden shortcuts.

References

External links

Racing video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
1999 video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Windows games
PlayStation (console) games
Tank simulation video games
Action games
Vehicular combat games
Grolier Interactive games


The Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival (GAIFF; ) is an annual film festival held in Yerevan, Armenia. The festival was founded in 2004 with the co-operation of the "Golden Apricot" Fund for Cinema Development, the Armenian Association of Film Critics and Cinema Journalists. The GAIFF is continually supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, the Ministry of Culture of Armenia and the Benevolent Fund for Cultural Development.The objectives of the festival are "to present new works by the film directors and producers in Armenia and foreign cinematographers of Armenian descent and to promote creativity and originality in the area of cinema and video art".

History

The "Golden Apricot" Annual Film Festival was established in 2004 in Yerevan, by the "Golden Apricot" Fund for Cinema Development, the Armenian Association of Film Critics and Cinema Journalists, supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, the Ministry of Culture of Armenia and Benevolent Fund for Cultural Development. Canadian-Armenian director Atom Egoyan was named president of the festival since 2005.

The Festival is dedicated to the theme of Crossroads of Cultures and Civilizations, and features a multitude of films representing various nations and religions, collectively depicting the richness of the human experience.

In 2005, the establishment of a network of filmmakers of the region entitled Directors Across Borders was initiated by the "Golden Apricot" Film Festival.

Since 2005 "Golden Apricot" has been functioning under the aegis of the European Cultural Parliament.

In 2010, the festival was awarded by the FICTS Plate D'honneur.

In 2017, festival organizers cancelled the screening of an off-competition program entitled, "Armenians: Internal And External Views", with no reasons given. LGBT activists took to social media to criticize the cancellation, with some claiming that two LGBTQ+-themed films — Apricot Groves and Listen to Me: Untold Stories Beyond Hatred — were the reason for the cancellation. Atom Egoyan and Arsinée Khanjian, prominent Armenian Canadian figures in cinema, denounced this cancellation. An open letter signed by filmmakers, activists, politicians, and others denouncing the cancellation was published, and LGBTQ+ rights organizations Pink Armenia and GALAS LGBTQ+ Armenian Society strongly criticized the censorship. The EU's Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum called on Armenian authorities to fulfill their international commitments, stating that "The incident... runs contrary to the process of Armenia's joining the Creative Europe programme".

Awards and categories of competition
The major awards at the GAIFF are the Golden Apricot and Silver Apricot prizes for feature, documentary and Armenian panorama films. Lifetime achievement is recognized by the Parajonov's Thaler Award, named in honour of Sergei Parajanov.

The various categories and prize names are as follows:

International Feature Competition

1. "Golden Apricot" – Best Feature Film

2. "Silver Apricot" – Special Prize

International Documentary Competition

1. "Golden Apricot" – Best Documentary Film

2. "Silver Apricot" – Special Prize

"Apricot Stone" Short Film Competition

1. "Golden Stone" – Best Short Film

2. Special Prize

"Armenian Panorama" National Competition

1. "Golden Apricot" – Best Fiction Film

2. "Golden Apricot" – Best Documentary Film

3. "Silver Apricot" – Special Prize

Winners of the Grand Prix - Golden Apricot main prize for Best Feature Film

Awards GAIFF 2004

Awards GAIFF 2005

Awards GAIFF 2006

Awards GAIFF 2007

Awards GAIFF 2008

Awards GAIFF 2009

Awards GAIFF 2010

Awards GAIFF 2011

Awards GAIFF 2012

Awards GAIFF 2013

Awards GAIFF 2014

Awards GAIFF 2015

Awards GAIFF 2016

See also
Media of Armenia

References

External links

GAIFF at IMDB
Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival at Film Freeway
Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival at FestAgent

Film festivals in Armenia
Annual events in Armenia
2004 establishments in Armenia
Recurring events established in 2004
Summer events in Armenia


Chaetodon auripes, the oriental butterflyfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean off Eastern Asia.

Description
Chaetodon auripes has a mainly yellow body marked with a wide vertical band running through the eyes which is black with a slightly thinner white band immediately behind that. The juveniles have a black ocellus on the upper part of soft-rayed part of the dorsal fin. This fades as the fish matures. The dorsal, anal and pelvic fins are all vivid yellow in colour. The dorsal fin has 12 spines and 23-24 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 18-19 soft rays. This species reaches a total length of .

Distribution
Chaetodon auripes is found in the western Pacific Ocean from southern Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, Izu Islands, Ogasawara Islands, the southwest of the Republic of Korea, Taiwan the southern coast of China to southern Vietnam.

Habitat and biology
Chaetodon auripes occurs at depths of  and is found on rocky reefs where coral and algae are present. Juveniles are typically found in tidal pools and sheltered rocky areas in shallow water. They gather in aggregations although they are also often encountered as solitary individuals. This species lives in cooler waters than other butterflyfish and  can tolerate temperatures down to  off Japan. It is known to occur as deep as . It feeds on filamentous algae as well as worms, crustaceans, soft corals, stony corals, sea anemones, and some other benthic invertebrates.

Systematics
Chaetodon auripes was first formally described in 1901 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder with the type locality given as Nagasaki. This species belongs to the large subgenus Rabdophorus which might warrant recognition as a distinct genus.

Utilisation
This species is rare in the aquarium trade.

References

External links

auripes
Fish described in 1901
Taxa named by David Starr Jordan


Eupatorium quaternum is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.

References

quaternum


Gabulov () is an Ossetian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Gabulova. It may refer to:

 Georgy Gabulov (born 1988), Russian football midfielder
 Vladimir Gabulov (born 1983), Russian football goalkeeper

Russian-language surnames


Eupatorium sambucifolium is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.

References

sambucifolium
Taxa named by Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer


"The Great Wife Hope" is the third episode of the twenty-first season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. Originally broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on October 11, 2009, it sees the men of Springfield taking immense interest in a new combat sport called mixed martial arts (MMA). Marge is appalled by the violent sport and demands that the creator put a stop to it, but he agrees only if she will fight him in a match and win.

"The Great Wife Hope" was written by Carolyn Omine and directed by Matthew Faughnan. Former Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) champion Chuck Liddell guest starred in it as himself. The episode featured multiple cultural references to fighting moves and positions, along with a single reference to professional wrestling promotion owner Vince McMahon.

Since airing, the episode has received generally positive reviews from television critics, particularly towards the final scene. It received a 4.3/7 Nielsen rating with adults ages 18–49, behind all other programs aimed at that demographic in its timeslot.

Plot
The men of Springfield become obsessed with a violent new string of mixed martial arts (MMA) competitions called "Ultimate Punch Kick and Choke Championships" (UPKCC). The kids soon begin to fight in small MMA matches of their own at the playground of Springfield Elementary School. While Bart and Nelson are fighting in one match, Marge sees them and is disgusted by the violent nature of the entire sport. She and a group of concerned women begin protesting the sport in front of the MMA stadium. Marge decides to go on stage before a match begins and demands that everyone cease the sport entirely. Chett Englebrit (patterned after actual fight promoter Roy Englebrecht), creator of the sport, agrees with Marge - but only if she can fight him and win.

Marge begins to train for the event, practicing rhythmic gymnastics. However, the family believes that her methods are unsuitable for the extreme task at hand and get her professional help. She learns boxing from Dredrick Tatum, wrestling from former Yale wrestler Mr. Burns, jujitsu and Judo from Akira, and bullying from Jimbo, Dolph and Kearney. Now fully trained, she enters the ring (after the announcer introduces her as one of his "Moms I'd Like to Fight") with Englebrit and is immediately knocked to the ground. Bart runs into the ring to defend his mother, but Englebrit brutally beats him to a pulp instead. Marge witnesses this and knocks Englebrit out with a roundhouse kick, winning their bet. Marge pulls down the ring's microphone and begins to give a speech, having had a change of heart about the demise of the violent sport upon having discovered her own dark side. She realizes, however, that everyone has already left the building to watch a drunken brawl in the parking lot.

As Marge and Homer leave to have some MMA-inspired sex, Bart and Lisa enter the empty ring and decide to settle their lifelong sibling feud then and there. As they approach each other to throw a punch, the credits begin, but the scene quickly returns to show Lisa knocking Bart unconscious with a single punch.

Production and cultural references

"The Great Wife Hope" was written by Carolyn Omine and directed by Matthew Faughnan. The writers of The Simpsons had a vast amount of knowledge and appreciation for mixed martial arts and included multiple references and themes of the sport throughout the episode. Former Ultimate Fighter champion Chuck Liddell guest starred as himself, signing photographs for fans, including Bart, at a cost of $25. Liddell commented that being a guest star was "very cool" and that the recording sessions were "easy".

The episode is a satire of the combat sport of mixed martial arts. Throughout the episode, characters perform multiple fighting moves and positions. For example, Bart puts Nelson in a triangle choke at the playground when the two are fighting, while Marge takes out Englebrit with a flying armbar. Marge explains in the beginning of the episode that she found out about a creative new sport called "Crazy Bowling" by typing in "girls having fun"—after ignoring several thousand pages of porn—into the search engine Google. Also, H.R. Pufnstuf is parodied as HufnStuf on Ice, because Englebrit's assistant claims the next day, Hufnstuf on Ice will need the space.

Marge claims that the word Ultimate makes everything worse, though Otto Mann protests that it does not affect the popular sport Ultimate Frisbee. Englebrit carries similar traits to the professional wrestling promoter Vince McMahon. Marge initially tries to train for the match by performing rhythmic gymnastics. She practices boxing with a character named Dredrick Tatum, who is a parody of renowned boxer Mike Tyson.

Reception

"The Great Wife Hope" originally aired in the United States on October 11, 2009 on the Fox network. In this initial broadcast, it received a Nielsen rating of 4.3/7, totaling 7.5 million viewers in the 18-19 demographic.

The episode received generally positive reviews from television critics. IGN reporter Robert Canning gave the episode a 7.7/10 rating ("Good"), commenting that "what really made me enjoy 'The Great Wife Hope' were the peripheral bits, characters and jokes outside the main storyline. There were many, and they were funny.

Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club, giving the episode a "B", wrote that it had "some amusing detours along the way". She compared "The Great Wife Hope" positively to season two's "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge", writing that Marge's attempts to bring down the MMA sport is the parallel to her trying to bring The Itchy & Scratchy Show off the air due to its severe cartoon violence in the latter episode. The staff of the website MMAjunkie said the episode was a sign that MMA had "truly made it" and fans of the sport could appreciate the writer's knowledge on the topic.

Among more negative reviews include Jason Hughes of TV Squad, who commented that several jokes in the episode did not work, such as the reveal that Krusty the Clown has been sleeping with Sideshow Mel's wife for several years, though he did enjoy most of the other jokes and applauded the development of Nelson's character.

Dana White, president of Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), told reporters that he did not like the episode. He added, "People like the [mixed martial arts] media always try to tell me that we're mainstream.[...] Did you see that Simpsons episode? Chuck Liddell signs an autograph for somebody, and he says, 'That will be $45, please'. The sport isn't like that at all. Then the promoter of the show fights Marge Simpson in the octagon, sucker-punches her in the face, and then says, 'You're the only woman I've ever hit that I didn't love'. That's the way mainstream looks at us and thinks of us, and I know that."

The final scene in the episode, featuring Bart and Lisa fighting in the arena, has received overwhelmingly positive remarks from reviewers. Canning wrote that it was "a classic moment for the series[...] This almost felt like a moment that could have closed out the series." Hughes commented that it was "the best moment of the night" as it "would have been a typical ending" if it had not added the twist preceding the credits. Melissa and Randall Baker of TV Guide magazine said that the scene was a moment of "girl power", as Lisa knocks out Bart easily with one punch.

References

External links

The Simpsons (season 21) episodes
2009 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Matthew Faughnan
Television episodes written by Carolyn Omine


Eupatorium toppingianum is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.
It contains substituted chromenes which have anti-microbial properties.

References

toppingianum
Taxa named by Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer


Literator may refer to several things:
 A literary person, a Man of Letters
 A writer, one who writes professionally, sometimes the original French term litterateur is used
 Literator (company), a formative assessment tool for teachers to track their students' reading performance through conferring


The Fédération des éclaireuses et éclaireurs (FEE, Guides and Scouts Federation) is an umbrella federation of about 15 regional Scouting and Guiding associations in France. It was founded in 1989 and serves about 2000 members. The FEE is a member of the Conférence Française de Scoutisme.

History
The FEE was founded by five local groups in 1989, all of them former members of the Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs de France (EEdF); the following year, they were joint by four formerly independent associations. In 1992, it received the public agreement which is necessary in France for all youth organizations. The FEE was among the founding members of the Conférence Française de Scoutisme in 2000.

Component associations
The sources on the component associations differ and name between 12 and 19 member associations. Among the associations named are:

 Association de Scoutisme unioniste
 Association vairoise de Scoutisme laïque
 Eclaireurs du Midi
 Eclaireurs et Louvetaux orthodoxes
 Eclaireurs neutres du Limousin
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs alpins
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs Baden-Powell
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs Côte d'Opale
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs d'Armor
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs de Cognac
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs de Melun
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs de Vichy
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs de Seine-Saint-Denis
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs laïques
 Groupe Pierre Dejean
 Groupe Pierre François
 Scoutisme en Dombes
 Scoutisme unioniste Montalbanais
 Scoutisme unioniste Toulousain
 Scoutisme unitaire chrétien
 Scouts orthodoxes de France
 Scouts pluralistes de France

 Former members
 Association française de Scoutisme unioniste; its components Scoutisme unioniste Montalbanais, Scoutisme unioniste Toulousain and Association de Scoutisme unioniste remained in the FEE as separate members after the disbandment of the AFSU.
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs Bois-Colombes (founding member of the FEE; returned to the EEdF in 2000)
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs de Gascogne
 Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs Sud Seine-et-Marne

Program
The FEE as a whole is a non-denominational Scouting organization, but its component associations a free to choose a confessional sponsor. The associations works in three age-groups:
 Louvetaux/Louvettes (Cub Scouts) - ages 8 to 11
 Eclaireurs/Eclaireuse (Scouts/Guides) - ages 12 to 16
 Routiers/Aînées (Rover Scouts/Ranger Guides) - ages 17 and older

References

External links
 Official website

Scouting and Guiding in France
Non-aligned Scouting organizations
Youth organizations established in 1989


Jhimpe   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5727 people living in 908 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Jimali   is a village development committee in Salyan District in the Rapti Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2484 people living in 435 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Salyan District

Populated places in Salyan District, Nepal


Shatter or shattering may refer to:

  To violently break something into pieces; see fracture

Entertainment

Books
 Shatter (novel), a 2008 novel by Australian author Michael Robotham
 Shatter Me, a 2011 young adult dystopian thriller by Tahereh Mafi
 The Shattering (novel), a book in the Guardians of Ga'Hoole fantasy book series
 The Shattering: America in the 1960s, a 2021 book by historian Kevin Boyle

Films
 Shatter (film), a 1974 film shot on location in Hong Kong
 Shatter Dead, a 1994 independent zombie film directed by Scooter McCrae

Music
 Shatter (EP), a 2010 recording by Swiss black metal band Triptykon
 "Shatter" (song), a 2005 song by the British rock band Feeder
 "Shatter", a song from the 1997 album Blurring the Edges by Meredith Brooks
 Shatter Me (album), a 2014 studio album by American violinist and solo artist Lindsey Stirling
 Shatter Me (song), a song from that album

Other
 Shatter (comics), a Marvel Comics fictional mutant character
 Shatter (digital comic), published by First Comics during 1985–1988
 Shatter (video game), a 2009 video game by Sidhe Interactive

People
 Alan Shatter (born 1951), Irish politician
 Susan Louise Shatter (1943–2011), American landscape painter

Other uses
 Shatter (cannabis), a concentrate made from cannabis
 Shatter attack, in computing, a technique used against Microsoft Windows operating systems
 Shatter belt, another term for a geological fault
 Shatter belt (geopolitics), a concept in geopolitics pertaining to regions that are deeply internally divided
 Shatter Cave, a cave in the Mendip Hills, in Somerset, England
 Shattering (agriculture), an undesirable trait in crop plants that makes harvesting difficult
 Shattering (machine learning), a concept in mathematics, especially Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory

See also

 Brisance, the shattering capability of a high explosive
 Fracture (disambiguation)
 Fragment (disambiguation)
 Shatner (disambiguation)
 Shattered (disambiguation)


Archiearis notha, the light orange underwing, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1803 and can be found in Europe.

The wingspan is about 35 mm. The moths fly from March to April depending on the location.

The larvae feed on aspen (Populus tremula), hiding between spun leaves during the day.

References

External links

Kimmo's Lep Site
Boudinotiana notha at Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa

Lepiforum e.V.
Portal für Schmetterlinge und Raupen

Archiearinae
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner
Moths described in 1803


In axiomatic set theory, a mathematical discipline, a morass is an infinite combinatorial structure, used to create "large" structures from a "small" number of "small" approximations.  They were invented by Ronald Jensen for his proof that cardinal transfer theorems hold under the axiom of constructibility.  A far less complex but equivalent variant known as a simplified morass was introduced by Velleman, and the term morass is now often used to mean these simpler structures.

Overview
Whilst it is possible to define so-called gap-n morasses for n > 1, they are so complex that focus is usually restricted to the gap-1 case, except for specific applications.  The "gap" is essentially the cardinal difference between the size of the "small approximations" used and the size of the ultimate structure.

A (gap-1) morass on an uncountable regular cardinal κ (also called a (κ,1)-morass) consists of a tree of height κ + 1, with the top level having κ+-many nodes.  The nodes are taken to be ordinals, and functions  between these ordinals are associated to the edges in the tree order.  It is required that the ordinal structure of the top level nodes be "built up" as the direct limit of the ordinals in the branch to that node by the maps π, so the lower level nodes can be thought of as approximations to the (larger) top level node.
A long list of further axioms is imposed to have this happen in a particularly "nice" way.

Variants and equivalents
Velleman and Shelah and Stanley independently developed forcing axioms equivalent to the existence of morasses, to facilitate their use by non-experts.  Going further, Velleman showed that the existence of morasses is equivalent to simplified morasses, which are vastly simpler structures.  However, the only known construction of a simplified morass in Gödel's constructible universe is by means of morasses, so the original notion retains interest.

Other variants on morasses, generally with added structure, have also appeared over the years.  These include universal morasses, whereby every subset of κ is built up through the branches of the morass, mangroves, which are morasses stratified into levels (mangals) at which every branch must have a node, and quagmires.

Simplified morass

Velleman  defined gap-1 simplified morasses which are much simpler than gap-1 morasses, and showed that the existence of gap-1 morasses is equivalent to the existence of gap-1 simplified morasses.

Roughly speaking: a (κ,1)-simplified morass M = < φ→, F⇒ > contains a sequence φ→ = < φβ : β ≤ κ > of ordinals such that φβ < κ for β < κ and φκ = κ+, and a double sequence F⇒ = < Fα,β : α < β ≤ κ > where Fα,β are collections of monotone mappings from φα to φβ for α < β  ≤ κ with specific (easy but important) conditions.

Velleman's clear definition can be found in, where he also constructed (ω0,1) simplified morasses in ZFC. In  he gave similar simple definitions for gap-2 simplified morasses, and in  he constructed (ω0,2) simplified morasses in ZFC.

Higher gap simplified morasses for any n ≥ 1 were defined by Morgan  and Szalkai,.

Roughly speaking: a (κ,n + 1)-simplified morass (of Szalkai) M = < M→, F⇒ > contains a sequence M→ = < Mβ : β ≤ κ > of  (< κ,n)-simplified morass-like structures for β < κ and Mκ a (κ+,n) -simplified morass, and a double  sequence F⇒ =  < Fα,β : α < β ≤ κ > where Fα,β are collections of mappings from Mα to Mβ for α < β ≤ κ with specific conditions.

References

Trees (set theory)


Masturi may refer to:
 Masrezwan Masturi - a soccer player from Singapore
 Masturi, India - an assembly constituency in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India. See also: Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency).
Maturi - a sub district in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
 King Masturi of the Seha River Land, a West Anatolian vassal state of the Hittite Kingdom in the 14th-13th century BCE.

See Also

 Matsuri


Archiearis parthenias, the orange underwing, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761 and can be found in Europe, Russia and Japan.

The wingspan is about 30–40 mm. The moths fly from February to May depending on the location.

The larvae feed first on the catkins and then on the leaves of birch (Betula species).

References

External links

 Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
 Kimmo's Lep Site: larvae

Archiearinae
Moths described in 1761
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


The  is a database of yōkai and mystery stories which have been collected from Japanese folklore. The database is published by International Research Center for Japanese Studies. The prototype was created on March 19, 2002, and the first live version was released on June 20, 2002. the project  supervisor is Kazuhiko Komatsu (小松和彦), a Japanese folklorist who is a professor of the study of yōkai.

The database includes verbal information, without visual information. Data are collected from:
 Akira Takeda (竹田旦) "民俗学関係雑誌文献総覧" 1978
 "日本随筆大成" 1975 - 1978
 Kunio Yanagita "妖怪名彙"
 Books of histories of Japanese local governments.

For each item, in the database has an abstract of around 100 characters. The full text is searchable, and the database can be searched by name or the region where the item was found.

External links
 怪異・妖怪伝承データベース - on International Research Center for Japanese Studies

Online databases
Japanese folklore
Databases in Japan
Databases by subject


The Lee Creek Snowshoe Cabin was built in Glacier National Park in 1925–27 by Austin Swikert as a shelter for winter hikers. The log structure consists of a single room with wood floor, unfinished walls and roof. A trap door in the floor provides access to a small cellar food cache. There is a woodstove with metal chimney.

The cabin was primarily used by rangers on patrol from the Belly River ranger station. The location is close to the Chief Mountain International Highway, built in 1935.  It was, however, a remote place when the cabin was built between 1925 and 1927 by Austin Weikert.

See also
Kootenai Creek Snowshoe Cabin
Lincoln Creek Snowshoe Cabin

References

Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Log cabins in the United States
Government buildings completed in 1927
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier County, Montana
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
1927 establishments in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier National Park
National Park Service rustic in Montana