Ravi Vasant Patel (born December 18, 1978) is an American actor. He and his sister wrote and directed an autobiographical documentary, Meet the Patels.

Early life and education
Patel was born in Freeport, Illinois to Indian American parents, the son of financial consultant father Vasant Patel and real estate agent mother Champa Patel. He grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina and he graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2001 with double majors in Economics and International Studies. His sister, Geeta Patel, is a writer and director. An investment banker after college, Patel co-founded poker magazine All In while living in LA.

Career

Television and film
An emcee job with improvised stand-up in between acts, led to auditions, Patel's first agent, and two dozen commercials in a year. He has been in over 70 national commercials, films and TV shows, most notably Transformers, Scrubs, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, The Comedians, and Hawaii Five-O.

In 2008-09, Patel appeared as George Patil in six episodes on The CW's Easy Money. In 2010, he starred in Past Life on Fox.

Patel co-directed and starred in Meet the Patels, a documentary that he made with his sister, Geeta Patel which won the audience award at the 2014 Los Angeles Film Festival. The film portrays Patel's autobiographical journey of trying to find an Indian wife. The duo have a deal with Fox Searchlight Pictures to write and direct a narrative remake of the film.

Patel worked in multiple episodes of the Aziz Ansari series Master of None. From 2015 to 2016, Patel appeared on the John Stamos TV series Grandfathered.

In 2020, Patel also created the CNN-produced docuseries Pursuit of Happiness'' which aired on HBO Max. Patel has also worked in Indian Cinema in the show Bhaag Beanie Bhaag.

Other
Patel is the co-founder of This Bar Saves Lives, which donates a meal packet for every granola bar they sell.  He is an active investor in start-ups in health and wellness.

Personal life
Patel is married to actress Mahaley Patel with whom he has a daughter named Amelie.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Ravi Patel interview on the Tavis Smiley Show

1978 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male actors of Indian descent
Male actors from Illinois
People from Freeport, Illinois
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni


The Valencia Orchestra (, ) is a symphony orchestra in Valencia, Spain. Founded in 1943 as the Valencia Municipal Orchestra, and a member of the Spanish Association of Symphony Orchestras (AEOS), it is not to be confused with the Orquesta de la Comunidad Valenciana, founded in 2006. The Valencia Orchestra, which first performed abroad in 1950 under José Iturbi, has toured internationally more regularly in the last 20 years. It performs mainly at the city's Palau de la Música de València, which is not to be confused with the nearby Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía.

Principal Conductors
 Joan Lamote de Grignon (1943–49)
 Hans von Benda (1949–1952)
 Napoleone Annovazzi
 Heinz Unger
 José Iturbi
 Enrique García Asensio (1964–65)
  Pedro Pírfano (1967–1970)
 Luis Antonio García Navarro (1970–74)
 Lorenzo Martínez Palomo (1974–1980)
 Benito Lauret (1980–1983)
 Manuel Galduf (1983–1997)
 Miguel Ángel Gómez Martínez (1997–2005)
 Yaron Traub (2005–2018)
 Ramón Tébar (2018– )

References
  Spanish Association of Symphony Orchestras.
  Xàtiva town hall.

Musical groups established in 1943
Spanish symphony orchestras
Valencian culture


Paralympic powerlifting has been competed at every Summer Paralympics since 1984. Weightlifting had been on the Paralympic program since 1964; however, after the 1992 Games the IPC decided to drop weightlifting and hold powerlifting events only. Women first competed in the sport at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.

Summary

Paralympic records
The International Paralympic Committee recognises the heaviest weights lifted in powerlifting events at the Paralympic Games.

Men
♦ denotes a performance that is also a current world record

Women
♦ denotes a performance that is also a current world record

Medal summary
Updated to 2020 Summer Paralympics.

Medalists

Men's events
 48 kg

 49 kg

 52 kg

 54 kg

56 kg

 59 kg

60 kg

 65 kg

67.5

 72 kg

75 kg

 80 kg

82.5

 88 kg

 90 kg

 97 kg

+90 kg

 100 kg

 107 kg

+100 kg

 +107 kg

Women's events

 40 kg

 41 kg

 44 kg

 45 kg

 48 kg

 50 kg

 52 kg

 55 kg

 56 kg

 60 kg

 61 kg

 67 kg

 67.5

 73 kg

 75 kg

 79 kg

 82.5 kg

 86 kg

 +82.5

 +86 kg

Nations

See also
Weightlifting at the Summer Olympics
World Para Powerlifting Championships

References

External links
 IPC Historical Results Archive
 Paralympic Records – World Para Powerlifting

Sports at the Summer Paralympics
Powerlifting at multi-sport events


Craig Thomas Tucker is a fictional character in the adult animated television series South Park. He is voiced by series co-creator Matt Stone. One of the main characters' fourth-grade classmates, he debuted in the season one episode "Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo" singing "We Wish You a Merry Christmas" with the rest of the third-grade class. His speaking debut was in "Rainforest Shmainforest". A pragmatist, Craig commonly strays from the plans of the main characters in favor of more practical, realistic approaches and solutions to main issues.

Since the season 19 episode "Tweek x Craig", Craig has been involved in a relationship with fellow fourth-grade student Tweek Tweak. Seemingly forced by the other townspeople at first, their relationship has been shown to evolve throughout South Park as a genuine sincere relationship, and have been shown to identify as gay.

Appearance
Craig is commonly seen wearing a blue chullo hat. He is characterized by this and his slightly more deep, nasal, monotone voice. In some scenes, including during a head lice check in "Lice Capades", Craig is seen with no hat and black hair. He is also seen as a stereotypical metrosexual in "South Park is Gay!", and an anime-styled ninja wielding a katana in "Good Times with Weapons".

Biography

Inception
In the beginning of South Park, Craig was said to be the most violent and strongest student in the third-grade class (excluding Cartman). Cartman once claimed that Craig was the "biggest troublemaker in class", and parents of his classmates have cited him as a "bad influence". In a running gag during the show's earlier seasons, establishing shots of Mr. Mackey's office would feature Craig waiting outside, yet his activities were never seen. In the first several seasons, Craig has a habit of giving people the finger, a trait the show's official website attributes to his learning the behavior from his family, all of whom frequently use the gesture as well, most notably in the third season episode, "Tweek vs. Craig", in which his entire family take turns flipping each other off at the dinner table. This trait was used less throughout the show's runtime, and was last seen in the episode "Fun with Veal". Along with the rest of the characters, Craig moved to the fourth grade in "Fourth Grade".

Rivalry with the main characters
Craig dislikes the four main characters (Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick and Eric Cartman) and rivals them in several episodes. Craig is a pragmatist and has no wish to become involved in any extraordinary adventures the other main characters on the show customarily experience. In the season 12 (2008) episodes "Pandemic" and "Pandemic 2: The Startling", Craig repeatedly castigates the main characters' propensity for engaging in schemes that catastrophically backfire upon them. He also complains that they just seem to blindly accept that these things happen to them. He decides that he will no longer participate in such schemes, and walks away from the one in which they find themselves in the latter episode. However, by taking this action he fulfills an ancient prophecy, by stepping on a mysterious platform that allows him to defeat the giant guinea pig monster responsible for that story line's conflict. He concludes from this that just because there are things in life that cannot be controlled does not mean that one should accept them without protest.

"Craig's gang"
Despite his dislike of the main characters, particularly Cartman, he is often depicted as one of the boys who repeatedly join Cartman in his many schemes, at times serving as a right-hand man. According to the creators of South Park, Craig's best friend is his classmate Tolkien Black. He is also close friends with Clyde Donovan and Jimmy Valmer, who are members of Craig's clique known as "Craig's gang".

Members of "Craig's gang" include:
Craig Tucker
 Tolkien Black
 Clyde Donovan
 Jimmy Valmer
 Tweek Tweak (Craig's boyfriend)
 Jason White (former)
 Butters Stotch (former)

Homosexuality and relationship with Tweek Tweak
In the Season 19 episode "Tweek x Craig", female students of Asian backgrounds started drawing homoerotic "yaoi" images of Craig and his classmate Tweek Tweak, depicting them as lovers (an acknowledgement of a trend popular among real-life South Park fans of creating fanart depicting the pair as a couple, several examples of which are featured in the episode). Immediately, the two try to repudiate the rumors about them prompted by this. They eventually resolve to stage a public "break-up" to end the rumors. Though Tweek fears he cannot do this believably, Craig encourages him that he indeed can. However, Tweek goes too far by claiming that Craig is a manipulative cheater, which has the effect of ruining Craig's reputation with girls. Tweek later reveals that Craig's encouragement gave him the confidence to believe in himself. Following the father-to-son talk between him and his father about how "you can't fight being gay", the two boys have been in a relationship. In later episodes, such as the season 21 episode "Put It Down", season 21 episode "Splatty Tomato", and the video game The Fractured But Whole, they are shown to have become sincere romantic partners and identify as gay. They are often seen in the background of many episodes holding hands or being next to each other. Craig calls Tweek "babe" and "honey" in the episode Put it Down. Also in the Post Covid specials they are married.

Reception
On a 2022 top 25 list, Looper ranked Craig #13. CBR pointed out that "Craig has gradually become more of a supporting player to the boys, but he's also become a lot more popular after the (romance) between him and Tweek", and ranked him on #5 of "10 Characters who Got Way More Popular Since the Beginning". Michael John-Day of WhatCulture ranked Craig as the 2nd most "underrated" South Park character in 2020.

For his performance as both Craig and Tweek in the episode "Tweek x Craig", Stone was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance at the 68th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards in 2016.

Appearances in other media
He plays the role of a Rogue in South Park: The Stick of Truth and plays the role of Super Craig in South Park: The Fractured but Whole (a parody of Superman from DC Comics).

See also

South Park (Park County, Colorado)
South Park City

References

External links

South Park characters
Fictional gay men
LGBT characters in animation
Animated human characters
American male characters in television
Child characters in animated television series
Child characters in animated films
Comedy film characters
Fictional characters from Colorado
Fictional elementary school students
Television characters introduced in 1997
Animated characters introduced in 1997
Fictional LGBT characters in television
LGBT characters in animated television series


Fenpiverinium is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic compound; it is marketed as a combination drug with pitofenone hydrochloride and either nimesulide or metamizole in Eastern Europe and India to treat smooth muscle spasms and pain.

The combination with metamizole was removed from the market in Lithuania for safety reasons in 2000 and a boxed warning against use by children and adolescents was added in Serbia in 2005.  In 2016 India banned marketing of the combination with nimesulide along with 344 other combination drugs; the order was overturned in December and appealed by the Government in January 2017.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Piperidines
Butyramides


Prifinium bromide is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome due to its action as an anticholinergic.

Prifinium bromide's mechanism of action is believed to be due to its activity as an antispasmodic agent.

Prifinium bromide is an antimuscarinic.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Pyrrolidines
Alkene derivatives


Tiemonium iodide is an antimuscarinic. It is poorly absorbed from the gut. The active moiety is tiemonium, a quaternary ammonium cation.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Thiophenes
Morpholines
Iodides
Tertiary alcohols


In the field of pharmacology, diphemanil metilsulfate also known as diphemanil methylsulfate is an antimuscarinic (an agent that blocks the action of the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine).

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Piperidines


Pipenzolate bromide is a pharmaceutical drug that has been studied as an antispasmodic agent and to treat peptic ulcer.

Mechanism of action
Pipenzolate bromide acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as an antagonist therefore preventing acetylcholine from binding to the receptors.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Piperidines
Tertiary alcohols


The Total Experience Gospel Choir was a gospel music group based in Seattle, Washington, United States, founded in 1973 by Pastor Patrinell Staten "Pat" Wright, who led the group until its dissolution in 2018. They have sung in at least 38 states and 22 countries, have performed for United States presidents Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, at the funeral of Jimi Hendrix in 1970, and made at least seven recordings of their own, as well as singing behind Barry Manilow at KeyArena in 2015, and on the song "Save Me" on Dave Matthews's CD Some Devil. They have appeared in television commercials ("to pay our bills") and on the public radio program A Prairie Home Companion as well as numerous other radio programs.

Founding
Patrinell Wright was born in Carthage, Texas. Her father was a Baptist preacher and her mother a schoolteacher. She sang her first solo at the age of 3 and was directing two choirs in her father's church by her 14th birthday. She graduated as valedictorian from Turner High School in Carthage, Prairie View A&M University in Hempstead, Texas, and moved in 1964 to Seattle. She has had an extensive musical career in her own right, and since 1997 has been pastor of the Oneness Christian Center in Seattle, which she co-founded. Wright began the group in 1973 as a gospel music class at Seattle's public Franklin High School.

Pastor Wright has earned the nickname "The Idol Breeder" and has become once again uniquely distinguished after three of her choir members became finalists on the television series American Idol.  Among its former members are American Idol contestant Sanjaya Malakar in 2007, 2004 contestant Leah LaBelle Vladowski, and 2002 contestant Karma Johnson.

Patrinell Wright died on August 30, 2022 at the age of 78 after a long illness.

Until 1992–93, the choir was composed primarily of African-American youth. Since that time, the choir's membership evolved, bearing members from 6 to 65 years of age.

History
Since Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast Areas of Louisiana and Mississippi in August 2005, Pastor Wright dedicated many hours for hurricane relief work.  One of her own teenage choir members and her younger brother were caught up in the hurricane while in South Mississippi visiting family. Upon their safe return to Seattle, Pastor Wright and the Total Experience Gospel Choir devoted themselves tirelessly to hurricane relief. They visited the areas in August 2006, April 2007, March 2008, August 2008 and August 2015 helping to rebuild lives and property. While there, they were featured on local television a number of times rebuilding, dedicating and celebrating with hurricane survivors during the various mission trips.

For Pastor Wright's efforts, ABC News World News Tonight named her "Person of the Week" in May 2007 as well as one of the "Persons of the Year" on a broadcast aired December 27, 2007.

DirectTV on April 9, 2008, aired their special entitled "Hometown Heroes" where Pastor Wright and Total Experience Gospel Choir were honored for their work on the Gulf Coast of MS as well.

SCAN TV honored Pastor Wright in February 2008 on local television in their Black History programming where she, along with other local community members, were lauded for their contributions to Black History in the Pacific Northwest.

In October 2007, Pastor Wright and members of Total Experience Gospel Choir traveled to Busan, South Korea, where they competed in the Busan International Choral Festival and Competition.  The choir placed "second" and won the Silver Medal in "Ethnic" and "Pop" categories.  There were 36 choirs from 11 countries in the competition.

In 2008, Pastor Wright and Total Experience Gospel Choir participated in the creation of the first of its kind "campaign CD" in an effort to help elect President Barack Obama. The CD "Seven Songs for America and One For The World" was produced by The Bergevin Brothers. All profits from "Seven Songs For America..." go to support Pastor Wright's "Seattle Artists" foundation to rebuild the lives and homes of Katrina victims in Mississippi and Louisiana.

During 2014, The Total Experience Gospel Choir performed "Highway to Heaven" with the Heart Band at the Benayra Hall in Seattle and Victoria, British Columbia as well as many other Washington state locations.  Pastor Pat Wright was asked to tour around the United States with Heart to teach the various choirs that accompanied them in each city.

On May 27, 2015, in Seattle at KeyArena on May 27, Pastor Wright and the Total Experience Gospel Choir performed on stage with Barry Manilow on his ONE LAST TIME concert! They sang the background for "Copacabana", "I Write the Songs" and "Miracle".

In July 2015 Pastor Wright took the choir down to New Orleans for the ten-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina, working alongside Randy Novak of "Shirts Across America", the choir helped renovate St. Jude Community Center and performed in various locations such as St. Augustine Catholic Church and anywhere there was a need to lift the spirits of the locals.

During a fundraising trip to Seattle in October 2015, Pastor Wright and a select few of the choir members sang for President Obama at the Westin Hotel.

In 2018, the choir celebrated its 45th anniversary with a free concert at the Moore Theatre and the release of a documentary, Patrinell: The Total Experience, detailing Wright's life and the history of the choir. After that, Wright stepped down from her position as director and the choir was disbanded.

References

External links

 Official site.
 Total Experience Gospel Choir, Seattle Times. 15 photos from the choir's tour of the post-Hurricane Katrina Gulf Coast.
 , WLOX, Mississippi Gulf Coast, ABC Affiliate
 , WLOX, Mississippi Gulf Coast, ABC Affiliate
 Barack Obama and Joe Biden: The Change We Need | Bergevin Brothers's Blog: Offering to play the inauguration., Helping elect President Obama

American gospel musical groups
Culture of Seattle
Musical groups from Seattle
Musical groups established in 1973


Bevonium (piribenzil) is an antimuscarinic with antispasmodic and bronchodilating properties.
The compound is commonly used as the methyl sulfate (metilsulfate).

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Piperidines
Tertiary alcohols


The discography of American electronic music duo The Crystal Method comprises five studio albums, four compilation albums, three soundtrack albums, one extended play, twenty singles, and nine music videos. The album Vegas has sold more than one million copies in the United States, certifying it platinum. It is one of the best selling electronic albums in the United States, and it puts The Crystal Method in the top five best selling electronic bands in the United States. The Crystal Method's other three studio albums, Tweekend, Legion of Boom, and Divided by Night have charted high on the Billboard 200, especially for electronic albums, all making it to the thirties and charting especially high on the Top Electronic Albums list.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Box sets

Mix albums

Soundtrack albums

Extended plays

Singles

Remixes

Music videos

References

Discographies of American artists
Electronic music discographies


Basilia is a genus of bat flies in the family Nycteribiidae.

Species within this genus are:

Basilia afghanica
Basilia aitkeni
Basilia anceps
Basilia anomala
Basilia ansifera
Basilia antrozoi
Basilia barbarae
Basilia bathybothyra
Basilia benkingi
Basilia bequaerti
Basilia boardmani
Basilia borneensis
Basilia carteri
Basilia compar
Basilia constricta
Basilia corynorhini
Basilia costaricensis
Basilia currani
Basilia daganiae
Basilia dubia
Basilia dunni
Basilia echinata
Basilia eileenae
Basilia endoi
Basilia falcozi
Basilia ferrisi
Basilia ferruginea
Basilia fletcheri
Basilia forcipata
Basilia glabra
Basilia hamsmithi
Basilia handleyi
Basilia hispida
Basilia hughscotti
Basilia hystrix
Basilia indivisa
Basilia italica
Basilia japonica
Basilia jellisoni
Basilia juquiensis
Basilia kerivoulae
Basilia limbella
Basilia lindolphoi
Basilia madagascarensis
Basilia major
Basilia manu
Basilia mediterranea
Basilia meridionalis
Basilia plaumanni
Basilia mimoni
Basilia mirandaribeiroi
Basilia mongolensis
Basilia monocula
Basilia musgravei
Basilia myotis
Basilia nana
Basilia nattereri
Basilia neamericana
Basilia nodulata
Basilia nudior
Basilia ortizi
Basilia pectinata
Basilia peruvia
Basilia pizonychus
Basilia plaumanni
Basilia pudibunda
Basilia punctata
Basilia quadrata
Basilia robusta
Basilia rondanii
Basilia rugosa
Basilia rybini
Basilia saccata
Basilia seminuda
Basilia sierraleonae
Basilia tarda
Basilia techna
Basilia tenuispina
Basilia tiptoni
Basilia transversa
Basilia travassosi
Basilia triseriata
Basilia truncata
Basilia truncatiformis
Basilia victorianyanzae
Basilia wenzeli

References

Parasitic flies
Nycteribiidae
Wingless Diptera
Hippoboscoidea genera
Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro


Mepenzolate is an antimuscarinic.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Piperidines
Tertiary alcohols


Uğur Dağdelen (3 October 1973 – 24 September 2015)  was a Turkish professional footballer from Amasya. He played for several clubs in Turkey in addition to the Turkey national football team.

Club career
Dağdelen played for Karabükspor, Bursaspor and Samsunspor in the Turkish Süper Lig, appearing in more than 140 league matches and scoring more than 30 goals.

International career
Dağdelen made one appearance for the full Turkey national football team in a friendly against Russia on April 22, 1998.

References

1973 births
2015 deaths
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's international footballers
Kardemir Karabükspor footballers
Bursaspor footballers
Samsunspor footballers
Kayseri Erciyesspor footballers
People from Amasya
Suicides in Turkey
Men's association football forwards
2015 suicides


Poldine is an antimuscarinic that is used to treat peptic ulcers.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Pyrrolidines
Tertiary alcohols
Carboxylate esters


Hexocyclium is an antimuscarinic. It is used in the form of its methyl sulfate, called hexocyclium metilsulfate.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Phenylethanolamines
Piperazines
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Tertiary alcohols


Fabio Héctor Nigro (born 29 December 1965) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played for River Plate, Estudiantes, Douglas Haig and Sarmiento, in Italy for Vigor Lamezia, Viterbese, Lazio and Frosinone, in Slovakia Baník Prievidza and Slovan Bratislava, in the Czech Republic for Slovan Liberec.

Career

Nigro started his career with River Plate, making his debut on July 13, 1983 against Platense.

References

1965 births
Living people
People from Junín Partido
Argentine men's footballers
Club Atlético River Plate footballers
ŠK Slovan Bratislava players
FC Slovan Liberec players
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovakia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia
Expatriate men's footballers in Czechoslovakia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Czechoslovakia
Estudiantes de La Plata footballers
SS Lazio players
Club Atlético Sarmiento footballers
Club Atlético Douglas Haig players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Argentine Primera División players
Serie B players
Slovak First Football League players
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province


The Shadow Speaker  is a young adult, first-person novel by Nigerian-American writer Nnedi Okorafor, which takes place in the year 2070. It was a Booksense Pick for Winter 2007/2008, a Tiptree Honor Book, a finalist for the Essence Magazine Literary Award, the Andre Norton Award and the Golden Duck Award and an NAACP Image Award nominee.

Plot
Ejimafor "Ejii" Ugabe is a fourteen-year-old Muslim half-Wodaabe, half-Igbo girl. She lives in the Nigerian village of Kwàmfa. Her father was once the hated dictator-like chief. She lives in the year 2070. The whole world is falling apart due to nuclear fallout in “the early twenty-first century”.

Characters
Ejimafor Ugabe - The 14-year-old daughter of the former Kwamfa Chief and one of the trusted advisers of the Sarauniya Jaa, the Red Queen.
Sarauniya Jaa - The Red Queen. She is not an actual queen, but is treated like one. She witnessed the Great Change while a captive of a tribe who claimed her to be their queen. She was fourteen at the time. When she speaks a red flower always accompanies her words.
Chief Ugabe - A hypocritical chief. He is said that he is of the fierce Woddabe tribe. When Jaa came to Kwamfa, the chief came along as an apprentice. He came back 1 month later. He seated himself chief in, quote, “...the name of our nurturing queen, Sarauniya Jaa!”. He apparently used that as an excuse to carry out his evil deeds. One day, Jaa came to Kwamfa and confronted the man and accused him of using her name in vain and doing things that she would never agree to do. Then she sliced his head off, and it rolled into a meat-eating plant which ate it. All in front of his oldest child, Ejii, and oldest son, Fadio (Ejii's half-brother). He was eventually buried without his head.
Gambo - He is a co-husband of Jaa. He used to be an Aejej. He was turned into one when he was a child. Jaa was being attacked by him and she started talking to him. A Red flower fell as he calmed down and he turned back into a human. He would still be an Aejej in our time because according to the novel, he was an aejej a short while before the 21st century. That would mean that the Aejej is not a product of the Great Change.
Buji - From the Northern portion of the Ooni Kingdom on Ginen. He is Jaa's first husband. They met while watching the "burning bushes" (Carnivorous bushes that feed on bugs that are a cross between wasps and fireflies which gives them a yellow, orange glow). Buji's Family expects to be a traditional wife. Showing respect to her husband, etc. But Jaa Marrying Buji, and Buji marrying Jaa are different. In this case, Jaa married Buji.
Mrs. Ugabe - She is the chief's first wife and the divorced adviser to Jaa following the chief's execution.
Dikeogu- A 14-year-old former slave who ran away from his camp. He is a Rain-maker, and because of the anti-powers mentality his parents forced him into slavery.

Notable places
Kwàmfa - The village which Ejii, the chief's family, and Mrs. Ugabe all live.
Agadez - A real city, but notable events take place there.
Ginen - Another world, not dominated by humans, but by plants. Religion seems to be of little interest. The majority of humans live in the Ooni Kingdom. Most human life outside the kingdom is in villages here and there.
The Burning Bushes - One of the few odd things in the book that have a scientific reason. Every 25 years, luminescent wasps migrate to the fields and get eaten by Carnivorous plants who obtain their glow.

Notable events
The Great Change - A Eco terrorist extremist in Haiti creates a bomb with magic and nuclear power gathered from an African country. He calls it the Peace Bomb because the radioactivity will mutate everyone to look the same and have the same skin and therefore there would be no diversity and that also means no racism. He wants to use it, but it can easily be traced back to him through investigations. He uses trickery and makes the leaders of the world turn on each other, causing a total nuclear World War. He drops the Peace Bomb, but at the same time several other nuclear bombs have been dropped. The whole world starts to turn inside out. Forests pop out of nowhere, and then succeed. Children are born with magical powers, borders are blurred to the point that you walk out of your house in Texas and cross the street into Nigeria. Worlds are colliding.

Religion
The author uses many references to religion. She uses the Many Minor Signs of the Apocalypse said in the Quran, such as guns not being available and a green haze that smells like flowers, among others.

References

External links

Nigerian fantasy novels
Nigerian science fiction novels
2007 American novels
American young adult novels
Young adult fantasy novels
Children's science fiction novels
Novels set in Nigeria
Post-apocalyptic novels
Fiction set in the 2070s
Novels by Nnedi Okorafor
2070
2007 Nigerian novels


Methantheline is an antimuscarinic.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Carboxylate esters
Xanthenes
Abandoned drugs


Kurdybań Warkowicki, or Kurdyban–Warkowicki, was a Polish village in Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939) before the joint Nazi German and Soviet invasions of Poland in 1939. It was located near the town of Warkowicze () in Dubno County, in the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic (now, in Ukraine). The village was eradicated during the Polish population transfers after World War II, when the Kresy macroregion was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union.

World War II
The village was a site of an OUN-UPA ethnic cleansing operation against the Polish civilians, led by the Ukrainian Military Group No. 02 called the "Bohun" during the wave of massacres of Poles in Volhynia between 1942 and 1945. The Polish self-defence unit managed to hold its position there until the arrival of the Red Army in 1944. The witnesses consider such survival remarkable with no German outposts and no Polish partisans in its vicinity. Unlike neighbouring settlements, Kurdybań was not surrounded by the forest; therefore, the UPA units had no place to hide against its defenders equipped with a heavy machine gun disassembled from a Soviet tank destroyed by the Germans. The Kurdybań provided refuge for Jewish families escaping the Holocaust in its vicinity. The local self-defence was made up of around 60 men including 25 Polish Jews.

Most Polish self-defence units across the province fell — unable to defend the population against the genocide. Kurdybań Warkowicki was one of the only a handful of surviving units, among them: Młynów (now Mlyniv), Lubomirka, Klewań, Rokitno (in the Pinsk Marshes), Budki Snowidowickie and Osty. The settlement no longer exists. It was liquidated likely during the Polish population transfers (1944–46).

See also
 History of Poland (1939–1945)
 Historiography of the Volyn tragedy

References

 Andrzej Mielcarek,  Strony o Wolyniu
 Władysław and Ewa Siemaszko,  Polska obrona, Zarys ogólny wydarzeń. Internet Archive.
 Krzysztof Lada, Creative Forgetting. Polish and Ukrainian Historiographies on the Campaign against the Poles in Volhynia during World WarII, Glaukopis, No. 2/3, 2005, pp. 340–75.
 Prof. dr Ryszard Szawłowski (November 2000),  "Przedmowa", Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939-1945 Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko
 Leszek Ubowski,  Organizacja i funkcjonowanie okręgu Okręg Wołyń, Wrocław 2007

Former populated places in Ukraine
History of Volyn Oblast
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia
War crimes committed by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army


Norton PC Checkup was a program downloaded either separately or as a bundle with updates to Adobe Flash, provided to enable users to perform a system checkup of their Microsoft Windows based personal computers. It was launched by Symantec in October 2008.

The program has since been succeeded by Norton Live.

Criticism
This software was initially criticized by users for its similarity to various malware "virus removers", but a software fix was published by Symantec to resolve this problem.
This software was also installed on Toshiba Windows 7 laptops under the name of Toshiba Security Dashboard.  The problem with this was, a user was unable to uninstall the software because there was no uninstaller in the program folder, and it wasn't even listed in Programs and Features.  The solution was to uninstall the Toshiba Security Dashboard, thus uninstalling the Norton Product.

References

External links

Adobe software
Gen Digital software
PC Checkup


{{DISPLAYTITLE:Bx-tree}}
In computer science, the Bx tree is a query that is used to update efficient B+ tree-based index structures for moving objects.

Index structure
The base structure of the Bx-tree is a B+ tree in which the internal nodes serve as a directory, each containing a pointer to its right sibling. In the earlier version of the Bx-tree, the leaf nodes contained the moving-object locations being indexed and corresponding index time. In the optimized version, each leaf node entry contains the id, velocity, single-dimensional mapping value and the latest update time of the object. The fanout is increased by not storing the locations of moving objects, as these can be derived from the mapping values.

Utilizing the B+ tree for moving objects

As for many other moving objects indexes, a two-dimensional moving object is modeled as a linear function as O = ((x, y), (vx, vy), t ), where (x, y) and (vx, vy) are location and velocity of the object at a given time instance t, i.e., the time of last update. The B+ tree is a structure for indexing single-dimensional data. In order to adopt the B+ tree as a moving object index, the Bx-tree uses a linearization technique which helps to integrate objects' location at time t into single dimensional value. Specifically, objects are first partitioned according to their update time. For objects within the same partition, the Bx-tree stores their locations at a given time which are estimated by linear interpolation. By doing so, the Bx-tree keeps a consistent view of all objects within the same partition without storing the update time of each object.

Secondly, the space is partitioned by a grid and the location of an object is linearized within the partitions according to a space-filling curve, e.g., the Peano or Hilbert curves.

Finally, with the combination of the partition number (time information) and the linear order (location information), an object is indexed in Bx-tree with a one-dimensional index key Bxvalue:

Here index-partition is an index partition determined by the update time and xrep is the space-filling curve value of the object position at the indexed time,  denotes the binary value of x, and “+” means concatenation.

Given an object O ((7, 2), (-0.1,0.05), 10), tmu = 120, the Bxvalue for O can be computed as follows.

 O is indexed in partition 0 as mentioned. Therefore, indexpartition = (00)2.
 O’s position at the label timestamp of partition 0 is (1,5).
 Using Z-curve with order = 3, the Z-value of O, i.e., xrep is (010011)2.
 Concatenating indexpartition and xrep, Bxvalue (00010011)2=19.
 Example O ((0,6), (0.2, -0.3 ),10) and tmu=120 then O's position at the label timestamp of partition: ???

Insertion, update and deletion
Given a new object, its index key is computed and then the object is inserted into the Bx-tree as in the B+ tree. An update consists of a deletion followed by an insertion. An auxiliary structure is employed to keep the latest key of each index so that an object can be deleted by searching for the key. The indexing key is computed before affecting the tree. In this way, the Bx-tree directly inherits the good properties of the B+ tree, and achieves efficient update performance.

Queries

Range query

A range query retrieves all objects whose location falls within the rectangular range  at time  not prior to the current time.

The Bx-tree uses query-window enlargement technique to answer queries. Since the Bx-tree stores an object's location as of sometime after its update time, the enlargement involves two cases: a location must either be brought back to an earlier time or forward to a later time. The main idea is to enlarge the query window so that it encloses all objects whose positions are not within query window at its label timestamp but will enter the query window at the query timestamp.

After the enlargement, the partitions of the Bx-tree need to be traversed to find objects falling in the enlarged query window. In each partition, the use of a space-filling curve means that a range query in the native, two-dimensional space becomes a set of range queries in the transformed, one-dimensional space.

To avoid excessively large query region after expansion in skewed datasets, an optimization of the query algorithm exists, which improves the query efficiency by avoiding unnecessary query enlargement.

K nearest neighbor query

K nearest neighbor query is computed by iteratively performing range queries with an incrementally enlarged search region until k answers are obtained. Another possibility is to employ similar querying ideas in The iDistance Technique.

Other queries

The range query and K Nearest Neighbor query algorithms can be easily extended to support interval queries, continuous queries, etc.

Adapting relational database engines to accommodate moving objects

Since the Bx-tree is an index built on top of a B+ tree index, all operations in the Bx-tree, including the insertion, deletion and search, are the same as those in the B+ tree. There is no need to change the implementations of these operations. The only difference is to implement the procedure of deriving the indexing key as a stored procedure in an existing DBMS. Therefore, the Bx-tree can be easily integrated into existing DBMS without touching the kernel.

SpADE is moving object management system built on top of a popular relational database system MySQL, which uses the Bx-tree for indexing the objects. In the implementation, moving object data is transformed and stored directly on MySQL, and queries are transformed into standard SQL statements which are efficiently processed in the relational engine. Most importantly, all these are achieved neatly and independently without infiltrating into the MySQL core.

Performance tuning

Potential problem with data skew
The Bx tree uses a grid for space partitioning while mapping two-dimensional location into one-dimensional key. This may introduce performance degradation to both query and update operations while dealing with skewed data. If grid cell is oversize,  many objects are contained in a cell. Since objects in a cell are indistinguishable to the index, there will be some overflow nodes in the underlying B+ tree. The existing of overflow pages not only destroys the balancing of the tree but also increases the update cost. As for the queries, for the given query region, large cell incurs more false positives and increases the processing time. On the other hand, if the space is partitioned with finer grid, i.e. smaller cells, each cell contains few objects. There is hardly overflow pages so that the update cost is minimized. Fewer false positives are retrieved in a query. However, more cells are needed to be searched. The increase in the number of cells searched also increases the workload of a query.

Index tuning
The ST2B-tree  introduces a self-tuning framework for tuning the performance of the Bx-tree while dealing with data skew in space and data change with time.  In order to deal with data skew in space, the ST2B-tree splits the entire space into regions of different object density using a set of reference points.  Each region uses an individual grid whose cell size is determined by the object density inside of it.

The Bx-tree have multiple partitions regarding different time intervals. As time elapsed, each partition grows and shrinks alternately. The ST2B-tree utilizes this feature to tune the index online in order to adjust the space partitioning to make itself accommodate to the data changes with time. In particular, as a partition shrinks to empty and starts growing, it chooses a new set of reference points and new grid for each reference point according to the latest data density. The tuning is based on the latest statistics collected during a given period of time, so that the way of space partitioning is supposed to fit the latest data distribution best. By this means, the ST2B-tree is expected to minimize the effect caused by data skew in space and data changes with time.

See also

B+ tree
Hilbert curve
Z-order (curve)

References

B-tree


Otilonium bromide, sold under the trade name Spasmomen among others, is an antimuscarinic and calcium channel blocker used to relieve spasmodic pain of the gut, especially in irritable bowel syndrome. This means it works in the gut themselves, by relaxing the small muscles of the intestines, which results in relieving cramps and therefore reduces pain.

Medical uses
A pooled analysis of three clinical trials suggest that otilonium is more effective than placebo for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Pharmacology
Otilinium binds to both muscarinic receptors and tachykinin NK2 receptors. It has been shown to inhibit L-type and T-type calcium channels, actions which may contribute to or determine its effects in the gut.

When taken orally, very little of the drug is absorbed into the rest of the body, which means that most of its actions remain confined to the gastrointestinal system.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Phenol ethers
Benzanilides
4-Aminobenzoate esters
Bromides


Penthienate is an anticholinergic and has actions similar to atropine. It reduces gastric motility and secretion and is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer and dyspepsia.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Thiophenes
Tertiary alcohols
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Carboxylate esters
Cyclopentyl compounds


El Monte High School in El Monte, California, is a public high school of the El Monte Union High School District. It is one of the oldest high schools in the San Gabriel Valley. Founded in 1901, it began operation in a single, upstairs classroom in the old Lexington Avenue Grammar School, with an enrollment of 12-15 students. By 1908, the high school had its own campus and 65 students. Today, enrollment is approximately 2000. Over 80% of students are of Hispanic origin and over 17% are characterized as Asian/Pacific Islander.

Notable alumni
Tom Morgan, Major League Baseball player
Fred Lynn, Major League Baseball player
Doug Griffin, Major league Baseball player
Albie Pearson, Major League Baseball player
Leonard Nathan, poet
Sandra Neilson, Olympic swimming 3-time gold medalist
Bill Shoemaker, horse racing Hall of Fame jockey, did not graduate
Felipe Rodriguez (soccer), retired soccer player
Lance Larson, Olympic swimming gold and silver medalist
William W. Norton, screenwriter
Don Cheto, Mexican American radio and television personality, comedian
Fernando Noriega EMHS Class of 2009,
Strength and Conditioning coach for the Philadelphia Eagles(NFL). 2021–Present.

References

 Fernando Noriega]

High schools in Los Angeles County, California
Public high schools in California
El Monte, California
1901 establishments in California
Educational institutions established in 1901


Oxyphenonium bromide is an antimuscarinic drug.  It is used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers and to relieve visceral spasms.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Bromides
Tertiary alcohols
Carboxylate esters


The Kosmos-3 (GRAU Index: 11K65, also known as Cosmos-3) was a Soviet carrier rocket (Kosmos (rocket family)), derived from the R-14 missile, which was used to orbit satellites between 1966 and 1968. It was quickly replaced by the modernised Kosmos-3M. Six were flown, four as orbital carrier rockets, and two on sub-orbital flights. All launches occurred from Site 41/15 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

The Kosmos-3 made its maiden flight on 16 November 1966, carrying a Strela-2 satellite. Strela-2 satellites were flown on four flights, two of which failed. Two further, sub-orbital launches were conducted with VKZ payloads, both of which were successful.

Launch history

See also
Kosmos-1
Kosmos-2I
Kosmos-3M

References

Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union


Benzilone is an antimuscarinic drug.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Pyrrolidines
Tertiary alcohols
Benzilate esters


Basilea is the Italian and Romansh name for Basel, a city in Switzerland.

Basilea may also refer to:

 Basilea (bacterium), a genus of bacteria
 Basilea (queen), first queen of the legendary Kingdom of Atlantis in Ancient Greek folk tradition
 2033 Basilea, a main-belt asteroid
 Basilea Pharmaceutica, a Switzerland-based biopharmaceutical company
 Basilea Amoa-Tetteh (born 1984), Ghanaian footballer
 Basilea Schlink (1904–2001), German religious leader

See also
 Basella, a genus of plants
 Basilia (disambiguation)


Ixtlán de Juárez is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Oaxaca about 65 km north of the city of Oaxaca  on Federal Highway 175 towards Veracruz.
It is part of the Ixtlán District in the Sierra Norte de Oaxaca region.

Administrative areas

Municipality of Ixtlán

The municipality of Ixtlán de Juárez includes the town, and in addition the settlements of San Juan Yagila, Santa Cruz Yagavila, Santa María Yahuiche, Santa María Zoogochi, Santiago Teotlasco, Santo Domingo Cacalotepec, San Gaspar Yagalaxi, San Miguel Tiltepec, Santa María Josaa, La Luz, La Josefina and La Palma.  The population of the town in the 2005 census was 2,479, and of the entire municipality, 7,188.  Other than the town of Ixtlán, none of the settlements have as many as a thousand inhabitants.

Rincón de Ixtlán

The Rincón de Ixtlán is an area largely within the municipality of Ixtlán de Juárez.  It comprises nine communities, eight of them within the municipality of Ixtlán (the ninth, San Pedro Yaneri, is a small independent municipality).  The Rincón does not include the town of Ixtlán or other communities on the main road.  This remote and culturally homogeneous area is one of the most intensely indigenous in the whole of Mexico, and has therefore been the subject of considerable sociological study.

History
The town of Ixtlán existed before the Spanish Conquest of Mexico.  It is thought to have been founded in the latter half of the 15th century, by Zapotec people from the region around Tarabundi and San Pedro Laduu (though there are also neolithic remains in the area). The first settlers were probably warriors establishing a defensive outpost against Aztec invaders.  In 1859 Ixtlán was the site of a battle during the Reform War between liberal and conservative forces.  Some of the other communities in the municipality are probably several centuries older than the town of Ixtlán.

San Pablo Guelatao, the birthplace of Benito Juárez, lies 4 km from the town of Ixtlán and at the time of his birth fell within its jurisdiction, so Juárez was baptised in the church of St Thomas in Ixtlán; hence his name has been added to that of the town (in 1824, however, Guelatao declared itself independent of Ixtlán, and it remains an independent municipality.)  The addition of Juárez's name serves the additional purpose of distinguishing the town from the many other Ixtláns in Mexico: the name is usually claimed to come from Aztec words meaning "land of the maguey", and use of the maguey (otherwise known as the century plant) was widespread in pre-Columbian Mexico.  An alternative proposed derivation is from Mixtec words meaning "place of obsidian", and the town uses a logo that depicts an object made of obsidian.

Economy

Ixtlán is now a centre for eco-tourism.  Its location, surrounded by cloud forest and pine and oak woodlands (which are forested sustainably) gives it great natural landscape beauty, and the forests of the Sierra Juárez mountains are claimed to be home to around 500 bird species and 6000 plant species.
Tours are operated from the village, and accommodation is available.
Hiking trails link it to neighbouring towns and villages in the Sierra Norte.  It is accessible by the bus service that connects Oaxaca and Veracruz along Federal Highway 175.  The land is held in common, but for a time in the late 20th century, a Mexican national paper manufacturer held a concession to harvest its forests.  However, when the concession expired, the local communities denied the company any extensions and the forests are now managed communally in order to ensure that they are sustainable.
Principal agricultural crops in the municipality of Ixtlán are maize and coffee, with a small amount of land given over to sugarcane and other crops.  Fair trade marketing has made a substantial difference to the coffee growers in this area.

Education

Higher education

As a rural mountainous region, higher education had previously not been readily available to the populace.  In April 2005 the government of the state of Oaxaca established the Universidad de la Sierra Juárez to help further the development and education of citizens in the Sierra Norte region. Currently the university offers degrees in the fields of natural sciences, sociology and humanities. UNSIJ also encourages four core academic activities among its students, including: teaching, research, cultural enrichment, and promotion of regional development.

Notable buildings
Templo de St Tomás Apóstol (Church of St Thomas the Apostle), a baroque building constructed 1640–1734, replacing an earlier adobe structure.
Clock tower on the Plaza
Presidencia municipal
Museo de la Biodiversidad (Biodiversity Museum)

References

External links
Entry for Ixtlán de Juárez in the Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México  (in Spanish)

Municipalities of Oaxaca
Sierra Madre de Oaxaca


The following is a list of Royal Air Force air chief marshals.  The rank of air chief marshal is a four-star officer rank and currently the highest rank to which RAF officers may be promoted to in a professional capacity. Throughout the history of the RAF there have been 141 RAF officers promoted to air chief marshal and at present only one RAF officer holds the rank in an active capacity. He is Sir Richard Knighton, the Chief of the Air Staff (the only dedicated RAF 4-star post).

The rank was first used in 1922 when Sir Hugh Trenchard the then Chief of the Air Staff was promoted.  Up until the mid-1930s there was usually only one RAF officer in the rank of air chief marshal.  During World War II, with the great expansion of the RAF, the number of air chief marshals active at any one time peaked at nine during the War.  This number of air chief marshals was to remain approximately constant throughout the Cold War but after the British defence cuts of the mid-1990s there were only two dedicated 4-star RAF posts, namely the AOC-in-C, Strike Command and the Chief of the Air Staff.  In 2007 with the reduction to a single command (Air Command) the RAF initially retained two air chief marshal posts (the AOC-in-C, Air Command and the Chief of the Air Staff) but in 2012 the post of AOC-in-C, Air Command was subsumed within the responsibilities of the Chief of the Air Staff leaving only a single dedicated RAF air chief marshal post.

List of air chief marshals

Number of air chief marshals by year
The following chart indicates the number of serving air chief marshals by year, as counted on 1 January each year.

Honorary air chief marshals
The Prince of Wales, promoted 1 January 1935, assumed the rank of Marshal of the Royal Air Force on 21 January 1936
The Duke of Gloucester, promoted 27 October 1944
The Shah of Iran, promoted 5 May 1959
King Olav V of Norway, promoted 15 September 1959
Frederick IX of Denmark, promoted 15 September 1959
Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, promoted 15 September 1959
King Hussein I bin Talal I of Jordan, promoted 19 July 1966
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, promoted 23 February 1990
The Sultan of Brunei, promoted 5 November 1992
The Duke of Kent, promoted 1 July 1996
The Prince of Wales, promoted 14 November 2006 promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force 16 June 2012
The Princess Royal, promoted 15 August 2020

See also
List of United States Air Force four-star generals
List of Royal Australian Air Force air marshals (includes air chief marshals)
List of British Army full generals
List of Royal Marines full generals
List of Royal Navy admirals

References

External links
Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Air Chief Marshals

Lists of British military personnel
Lists of air marshals
Four-star officers


Moneychangers may refer to :

 The Moneychangers, a 1975 novel by Arthur Hailey
 Money changer, a person or organization that exchanges the currency of one country for that of another
 The Money Changers, a 1920 American silent film
 The Moneychanger, a 2019 Uruguayan film


Federico Roman (born 29 July 1952) is an Italian equestrian and Olympic champion.

Biography
Federico Roman won an individual gold medal in eventing at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. He was also a member of the Italian team that received a silver medal in team eventing at the same Olympics. He participated also to 1976 Summer Olympics and 1992 Summer Olympics. He is the brother of Mauro Roman.

His sons Luca and Pietro competed together at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Olympic results

See also
 Italy at the 1980 Summer Olympics

References

External links

1952 births
Living people
Italian male equestrians
Italian event riders
Olympic equestrians for Italy
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in equestrian
Equestrians at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Equestrians at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Equestrians at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Trieste


Lalbojhi is a village development committee in Kailali District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6720 living in 1019 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District


The Main Event Mafia was an American professional wrestling stable in the American promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Beginning in 2008, the group included former WWF/E wrestler Kurt Angle as leader, four of the former World Championship Wrestling (WCW) alumni Sting (who was the second leader before being ousted), Kevin Nash (with Survivor: The Amazon winner Jenna Morasca), Booker T (with his real-life wife Sharmell) and Scott Steiner as well as Samoa Joe. and Traci Brooks. All the male members of the stable were multiple time world heavyweight champions of multiple companies (with the exception of Magnus, who would win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in December 2013), TNA included, with extensive experience in main event matches. The MEM at one time held all the male titles TNA had to offer.

The group formed in October 2008 and had been largely successful, with Sting and Kurt Angle being TNA World Heavyweight Champions, Booker T introducing a new championship into TNA called the TNA Legends Championship and declaring himself the first official champion, with Kevin Nash going on to win the belt as well, and Booker T and Scott Steiner holding the TNA World Tag Team Championship. The group's formation was the result of TNA introducing a new storyline in which the veterans began a rivalry with younger talent within the company who called themselves The TNA Front Line; with the MEM being the villains of the storyline as the veterans modelling themselves after the Mafia, portrayed as being upset at the disrespect being shown by the younger wrestlers.

In June 2013, Sting announced the return of the Main Event Mafia, now as a heroic stable, in response to a year-long war between the TNA roster and the Aces & Eights. The group included past members of the original Mafia (Sting, Kurt Angle, and Samoa Joe) and new members Magnus and Quinton "Rampage" Jackson.

History

Background
In the summer of 2008, A.J. Styles was being attacked by the villainous alliance of Booker T, Team 3D and Tomko until Karen Angle got then husband Kurt Angle to help AJ. However, Kurt then joined in on the assault on A.J. Styles, planting the seeds for the Main Event Mafia. Tomko left the group after taking a year-long hiatus from TNA. At TNA's July pay-per-view Victory Road during a bout between the face Samoa Joe and heel Booker T for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, Joe went on a storyline rampage and attacked referees, security and Booker T without on-screen mercy. Sting, who was also a face, then entered the arena and stopped Joe's assault. However, Joe gave Sting the middle finger and continued his assault on Booker T. This angered Sting to a point in which he grabbed Joe and hit him with a baseball bat, thus turning heel in the process, allowing Booker T to steal the World Heavyweight Championship belt from Joe. Following the event, Sting did not appear on TNA's primary television program TNA Impact! in a wrestling role or to explain his actions at the event. Instead, he was only seen standing in the rafters on each episode. As a result of Sting's actions at the event, a storyline within the company began that saw a possible alliance between Booker T and Sting.

On the July 31 episode of TNA Impact!, Samoa Joe was brawling with Booker T, a baseball bat fell from the ceiling hanging by a wire; Booker T grabbed it and smashed Joe over the back with it. At TNA's August pay-per-view Hard Justice, Sting attacked A.J. Styles, an on-screen ally of Joe's, after Styles had defeated Kurt Angle in a Last Man Standing match. The reasons for Sting's actions were eventually revealed on the August 14 episode of TNA Impact!, in which he stated that he attacked Joe and Styles because they were not showing enough respect for veterans such as Angle and Booker T by doing what they did at the events. Sting, being a veteran of the sport himself, went on to say when he was Styles' and Joe's age, if he had a match with a veteran, he pinned them and walked away, not adding insult to injury by trying to end their careers, like Styles and Joe were trying to do. This sparked a rivalry between the three, which later involved Angle and Booker T.

At TNA's September pay-per-view No Surrender, Sting announced that, at TNA's October pay-per-view Bound for Glory IV, he would challenge Joe for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship; later in the event during a match between Christian Cage, Angle, and Joe, Jeff Jarrett made his on-screen return to the promotion after not being seen in TNA since late May 2007, by helping Joe retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. Jarrett went on to Bound for Glory to defeat Angle in a standard match with Mick Foley as the Special Guest Ringside Enforcer. Also at Bound for Glory, Sting defeated Joe after Kevin Nash turned heel by striking his friend Joe with a baseball bat while the referee was not looking to allow Sting to take the advantage and pin Joe after a Scorpion Death Drop. Nash's actions were explained on the October 16 episode of TNA Impact!, when he said that Joe disrespected him and his long-time real-life friend Scott Hall in late 2007 when Joe insulted Hall for not showing up at TNA's December pay-per-view Turning Point.

Feud with TNA Frontline (2008–2009)
The group officially joined together on the October 23 episode of TNA Impact! In a segment between Nash, Booker T, Angle, Sting, and Jeremy Borash, Angle announced that the four had joined together to form a group of legends called The Main Event Mafia. Team 3D were offered a spot in the group, seemingly accepting before attacking them, turning face. The goal of the group was to start a "war" against the younger talent to take what they deserved: respect. The following week, they added Scott Steiner to the MEM as he made his return from an injury and attacked Joe, Styles and their allies. Steiner notably spared using his lead pipe on his protégé, Petey Williams, who backed off as soon as he saw him.

At Turning Point, Booker T defeated Christian Cage to retain the TNA Legends Championship. As per the stipulation, Cage was forced to join the MEM, however, the MEM attacked Cage and kicked him out of the group because they believed he was leaving TNA for WWE (later proven to be true). The MEM proceeded to go on a rampage, assaulting Brother Ray, Samoa Joe, Petey Williams (Steiner doing the deed, finally severing the ties between the two), B.G. James, Rhino, Jeff Jarrett and A.J. Styles, injuring all in their "hits". At Genesis, Kevin Nash could not make it to the event due to a legitimate staph infection in his left elbow. When it came time for his tag team match, Booker T announced that they had found a suitable replacement in Cute Kip James. Kip was not intended to be a long-term addition to the team, as he quickly disappeared from the main event scene as the original five members of the Main Event Mafia resumed their positions. At Destination X, Booker T lost the TNA Legends Championship to A.J. Styles while Sting retained the TNA World Heavyweight Championship against Angle with Jeff Jarrett as the special guest referee and Mick Foley was the special guest enforcer. At Lockdown, Sting lost the TNA World Heavyweight Championship to Mick Foley and the rest of the Main Event Mafia (Nash, Steiner, Booker T and Angle) lost to Team Jarrett, which consisted of Jeff Jarrett, Samoa Joe, A.J. Styles and Christopher Daniels. At Sacrifice, Sting pinned Angle in an Ultimate Sacrifice match also involving Mick Foley and Jeff Jarrett to become the new Godfather of the Main Event Mafia. Sting immediately made his new leadership felt, as on the May 28, 2009, edition of TNA Impact!, he dismissed Sharmell, Jenna Morasca and Angle's security men Big Rocco and Sally Boy from the alliance as part of his new leadership. Rocco and Sally promptly signed on to be Mick Foley's security the following week.

Heading into Slammiversary, Matt Morgan expressed his wishes to join the Mafia. This would lead to Angle facing Morgan in a singles match on TNA Impact! which Angle would win. After the match, Angle shook Morgan's hand, showing that he would want him in the MEM. On the following week's TNA Impact!, during a King of the Mountain qualification match between Angle and Sting, Morgan interfered and helped Angle win. After the match, Angle thanked Morgan for helping him win. Morgan would go on and ask Sting to let him become a member of the MEM. Sting agreed to a match at Slammiversary against Morgan where, if Morgan won, he could join the group. Sting went on to defeat Morgan at the pay-per-view. In the final match of the pay-per-view, Angle won the King of the Mountain match to win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship after Samoa Joe turned heel and joined the MEM by handing him the World Heavyweight Championship belt, backstabbing the TNA Front Line in the process. On the June 25 edition of TNA Impact!, it was explained that Joe had been paid off by the MEM due to them being unable to defeat him. The MEM, as well as Morgan, attacked Sting in disapproval of his leadership, with Angle announcing that he had regained leadership of the group. The following week, Sting saved A.J. Styles from a beat down from his former stablemates, attacking each member of the MEM with his baseball bat and stealing Angle's TNA World Heavyweight Championship belt. The following week, Sting confronted Samoa Joe, claiming to unveil Joe's mystery adviser before Victory Road, where he would be facing Samoa Joe. Later on in the show, Sting disguised himself as Joe and nearly dragged out Joe's adviser from his car, before Joe stopped him, choking him out with the Coquina Clutch and his signature tribal knife. Joe then took back the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, returning it to Angle during the beatdown on Mick Foley at the end of the show. At Victory Road, the MEM gained full control of TNA's championship scene as Nash won the TNA Legends Championship from A.J. Styles to bring the title back to the MEM. At the same event, Booker and Steiner defeated Beer Money, Inc. for the TNA World Tag Team Championship, Angle defeated Foley to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship and Taz was also revealed to be Joe's adviser; Taz would later state that he was just an associate of the MEM. On the July 30 episode of TNA Impact!, Kevin Nash lost the TNA Legends Championship to Mick Foley in a tag team match with Kurt Angle against Bobby Lashley and Mick Foley.

The Elite Mafia and dissolution (2009)
On the August 6 episode of TNA Impact! it was revealed that the Main Event Mafia would join forces with World Elite, a stable consisting of Eric Young, Sheik Abdul Bashir, Kiyoshi, Brutus Magnus, Doug Williams and Rob Terry to form a super-stable known as The Elite Mafia. At Hard Justice, the MEM further solidified their dominance with Kevin Nash regaining the TNA Legends Championship, Samoa Joe winning the TNA X Division Championship, and Booker T, Scott Steiner and Kurt Angle retaining the TNA World Tag Team and TNA World Heavyweight Championships. By Hard Justice, the Main Event Mafia controlled every male championship in TNA. At No Surrender, Angle lost the TNA World Heavyweight Championship to A.J. Styles. On the October 1 edition of TNA Impact! the alliance between MEM and World Elite crumbled after an all-out brawl between the two factions. The following week, Joe lost the TNA X Division Championship to Amazing Red after Bobby Lashley interfered. The Main Event Mafia's championship match losing streak continued at Bound for Glory, where Nash lost the TNA Legends Championship to World Elite leader Eric Young, while Booker T and Steiner lost the TNA World Tag Team Championship to Doug Williams and Brutus Magnus, also of the World Elite. At the same PPV Angle narrowly defeated long-time foe Matt Morgan and afterwards shook his hand. On the following edition of TNA Impact!, the stable's future was thrown into question, when Booker T was announced as having left the company and Angle admitted that he had been wrong all along about the younger talent of the company and praised the likes of A.J. Styles and Matt Morgan, thus becoming a face. However, Scott Steiner still wore Main Event Mafia clothing and said that the group was still alive as long as he was involved and that he did not take orders from Kurt Angle. He still maintained that the young talent did not show enough respect to the veterans of the professional wrestling business. However, in February 2010, Steiner left TNA, effectively ending the Main Event Mafia.

Aborted return (2011)
In January 2011, TNA started a storyline aiming to bring back the Main Event Mafia as a face group on the February 3, 2011, edition of TNA Impact! to feud with Immortal. Scott Steiner returned to the promotion on the January 27 edition of TNA Impact! and aligned himself with Kurt Angle, but on January 30, Booker T and Kevin Nash instead made surprise returns to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) to compete at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view, forcing TNA to change their plans and abandon the storyline.

Main Event Mafia reunion (2013)
On the June 13, 2013 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sting announced the return of the Main Event Mafia to combat Bully Ray's Aces & Eights stable, who had been running rampant throughout the entire TNA roster. On June 20, 2013, the second member of the new Main Event Mafia was revealed to be Kurt Angle. On the tapings of the June 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, Samoa Joe was revealed as the third member, as he aided Sting and Angle after they attacked the Aces & Eights to help Samoa Joe defeat Mr. Anderson in a submission victory in his second Bound for Glory Series bout. On the July 4 episode of Impact Wrestling, Magnus was revealed to be the fourth member, as nominated by Samoa Joe because, as of the time of the announcement, Magnus was leading the Bound for Glory Series, but also the fact that they had fought alongside and against each other many times. In the main event between Chris Sabin, Austin Aries and Manik, the MEM was stationed at ringside to prevent the Aces & Eights from getting involved. After Chris Sabin won the match, the MEM congratulated Sabin on the win and appeared to back him up. On the July 11 episode of Impact Wrestling, Quinton "Rampage" Jackson was announced as the fifth member. On the August 22 episode of Impact Wrestling, due to Kurt Angle taking a hiatus on August 2 to go into rehab for (legit) alcohol use, A.J. Styles took his place as the fifth member of the team and helped pin Devon in the 5-on-5 tag match, forcing Devon to leave TNA. On September 12, on the No Surrender episode of Impact Wrestling, Hulk Hogan announced that Bellator MMA had pulled Rampage Jackson and Aces & Eights member Tito Ortiz from TNA programming due to their upcoming PPV fight, thus removing Jackson from the MEM. In the main event of the night, Magnus lost the BFG Series finals to A.J. Styles. During his match, EGO interfered. Due to this, Magnus started a feud with EGO. After losing to EGO, the MEM trio of Sting, Magnus and Joe engaged in different storylines. At Bound for Glory, Magnus defeated Sting. On the October 31 edition of Impact Wrestling Magnus won a gauntlet match by eliminating Sting to be in the TNA World Heavyweight Championship Tournament. On the following edition of Impact Wrestling, MEM announced that their mission was accomplished and they parted ways, with Sting saying he was going to teach the wrestlers who think that the business owes them something a lesson and Joe, Magnus, and Angle wanting to become TNA World Heavyweight Champion. Magnus ended up winning the TNA World Heavyweight Championship defeating Joe in the first round, Angle in the second round, and Jeff Hardy in the finals, but aligned himself with Dixieland and turned heel. Sting would then question Magnus why he did it, which set up a title match between the two with the added stipulation that, if Sting lost, his contract would be rendered null and void. Magnus would retain the championship with help from Dixieland, thereby forcing Sting to leave TNA forever. Magnus would then enter a feud with Joe for the title after Joe made him submit in a tag team match, with the match happening at Lockdown. Magnus retained the championship at Lockdown with help from Abyss, but would ultimately lose it to Eric Young on the April 10 episode of Impact Wrestling.

Members

Main Event Mafia

Associates

Second incarnation

Championships and accomplishmentsPro Wrestling Illustrated''PWI ranked Sting #9 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009
PWI ranked Angle #12 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009
PWI ranked Joe #29 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009
PWI ranked Booker #38 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009
PWI ranked Magnus #43 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013
PWI ranked Steiner #71 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009
PWI ranked Nash #105 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009Total Nonstop Action Wrestling'''
TNA World Heavyweight Championship (2 times) – Sting (1), Kurt Angle (1)
TNA Legends Championship (3 times) – Booker T (1), Kevin Nash (2)
TNA X Division Championship (1 time) – Samoa Joe
TNA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Booker T and Scott Steiner
King of the Mountain (2009) – Kurt Angle

See also
 The Millionaire's Club
 New World Order (professional wrestling)

References

Impact Wrestling teams and stables


Cimetropium bromide is a belladonna derivative. Evidence does not support its use in infantile colic.

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Tropanes
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Epoxides
Bromides


Malakheti is a town in Attariya Municipality in Kailali District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. The formerly Malakheti, Shreepur, Beladevipur, Geta Village Development Committees were merged to form the new municipality since 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 8938 living in 1523 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District


Masuriya is a village development committee in Kailali District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 22017 living in 3828 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District


Fentonium bromide (INN) is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic atropine derivative. In the US its patent number is 3,356,682. It is sold by Sanofi-Aventis and Zambon.

References

Tropanes
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Bromides
Aromatic ketones
Primary alcohols
Carboxylate esters
Biphenyls
Muscarinic antagonists


Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force is a point-and-click adventure game for the Nintendo DS based on Disney's massively multiplayer online game Club Penguin. It was released in North America on November 25, 2008, in Europe on March 13, 2009, and in Australia on April 16, 2009. In September 2009, a Collector's Edition was released which included upgrades to the game and extras. On March 8, 2012, a German regionalisation of the Collector's Edition (but without DGamer) was released in Germany.

In the game, the player's penguin is assigned an Elite role ranked superior to the secret agents. Players embark on missions utilizing both familiar and all-new gadgets, accessories, vehicles, and locations to investigate mysterious events on Club Penguin. In addition, the game operates with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection system. Coins that are earned in the game could be sent to the player's online penguin via the DS. It has sold more than 1.5 million copies worldwide. A sequel, titled Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force – Herbert's Revenge, was released for the DS in 2010.

Gameplay

Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force is a point and click game. Players will be able to earn coins as they play, and can embark on missions that use various gadgets, accessories, and abilities to investigate mysterious events on Club Penguin. Players will tackle new mini-games, such as mini-games that were also available on the Club Penguin website, such as Cart Surfer, Jet Pack Adventure, and Ice Fishing. To complete the game, the player must become the highest-ranked member of the Elite Penguin Force by completing thirteen different story missions. Side missions also become available after the player completes the first mission, and more of them are unlocked after the player obtains the necessary skills and techniques to beat them.

Plot
After following a trail of clues meant as a test, the player assumes membership of the Elite Penguin Force (E.P.F.), a more secretive corporation than the Penguin Secret Agency co-directed by Dot the Disguise Gal, also known as "D". The player trains with a few of the Elite Puffles and is given the use of a Spy Gadget (a device in the shape of a Nintendo DS), and after helping to close a minor case, they are called upon to investigate the sudden disappearance of Gary the Gadget Guy, known as "G". With the help of various clues, the player finds him in an old tunnel at the Mine, trapped under a mine cart.

Due to Gary's short-term amnesia, the case surrounding his disappearance is closed. However, not long afterwards, the boiler in the Boiler Room is mysteriously stolen, causing the player to suspect that there is more to the case. The player quickly expedites their Puffle training, then tests out Gary's latest invention, the Snow Trekker. During the test run, the player discovers a stash of random items in and near the Ice Cave, as well as a strange gadget at the Mine entrance. They hand over the gadget to Gary, who confirms that it is his long-lost "Robo-Locator". This suddenly triggers his recovery from amnesia, and he remembers why he was in the Mine in the first place: he built three test robots to handle his riskier inventions, but their passion for overcoming challenges led them astray, and it was too late for him to turn them off.

After informing the Director of the E.P.F., Gary invents a Robo-Gadget to deactivate the test robots. The robots continue stealing items from around the island, including the speakers in the Night Club and the ticket booth from the Stage, but the player eventually immobilizes and deactivates all of the robots. They celebrate along with the other agents, but the celebration is interrupted when the Director issues an island-wide alert, revealing that Gary and the Elite Puffles have mysteriously vanished. The player manages to find their captor in the Mine's shaft: the Ultimate Proto-Bot 10000, a larger robot that the test robots have built using all of the stolen objects. It rampages around Club Penguin Island, searching for random items to upgrade itself with. With assistance from the Elite Puffles after the player frees them one at a time, the player manages to weaken and subdue the Ultimate Proto-Bot on Mount Tallest without harming Gary. They then use the Robo-Gadget to deactivate it, ending the chaos once and for all. The Director then praises the player, promoting them to the highest possible rank in the E.P.F., and reveals that all of the damage has been repaired.

Critical reception

Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

References

External links
 Club Penguin website

1st Playable Productions games
2008 video games
Adventure games
Club Penguin
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Video games about birds
Video games developed in the United States


Methylatropine (trade name Eumydrin) is a belladonna derivative.

In 1902, the Bayer Company introduced methylatropine, a quaternary ammonium salt of atropine, as a mydriatic for dilation of the pupil during ophthalmic examination under the brand name of Eumydrin. Because of its highly polar nature it penetrated less readily into the central nervous system than did atropine; hence it was introduced for relieving pyloric spasm in infants.

The blocking potency of methylatropine is approximately 10-20 times higher than that of atropine at neuromuscular and ganglionic synapses.

See also
 Apoatropine

References

Muscarinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Tropanes
Primary alcohols
Carboxylate esters


The 1980 Oaxaca earthquake occurred on October 24 at  with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). This dip-slip shock left up to 300 dead, many injured, and about 150,000 homeless. While it was felt throughout southern Mexico and in Guatemala, damage (totaling $5 million) was focused in the Huajuapan de León region of the state of Oaxaca.

See also
List of earthquakes in 1980
List of earthquakes in Mexico

References

External links

Central Mexico Earthquake, 1980
Earthquakes in Mexico
Central Mexico
October 1980 events in Mexico
1980 disasters in Mexico


Mimeresia is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are endemic to the Afrotropical realm.

Species
Mimeresia cellularis (Kirby, 1890)
Mimeresia debora (Kirby, 1890)
Mimeresia dinora (Kirby, 1890)
Mimeresia drucei (Stempffer, 1954)
Mimeresia favillacea (Grünberg, 1910)
Mimeresia issia Stempffer, 1969
Mimeresia libentina (Hewitson, 1866)
Mimeresia moreelsi (Aurivillius, 1901)
Mimeresia moyambina (Bethune-Baker, 1904)
Mimeresia neavei (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)
Mimeresia pseudocellularis Stempffer, 1968
Mimeresia russulus (Druce, 1910)
Mimeresia semirufa (Grose-Smith, 1902)

References

Poritiinae
Lycaenidae genera


George Perrins (24 February 1873 – after 1896) was an English footballer. His regular position was at half back. He was born in Birmingham. He played for Birmingham St George's, Newton Heath and Luton Town.

References

1873 births
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Birmingham St George's F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Year of death missing


LMDS, an abbreviation for "Les messagers du son" was a Canadian French language hip hop duo formed in Montreal in 1993.  The band was made up of Lyrik (real name Cyril Kamar) and Mélo / Mélopsy (real name Adil Takhssait).

The group broke up in 2001. Both artists continue their musical careers, Cyril Kamar/Lyrik as K.Maro and Adil Takhssait/Mélo/Mélopsy as Vaï

Band members
LMDS was formed in 1993 of two immigrant school friends:
Cyril Kamar (Lebanese-Canadian origin), known as Lyrik in the band. He later on became successful as a solo artist, taking the name K'Maro, a hip hop and R&B singer-songwriter and producer. He also established and owns K.Pone Inc Music Group entertainment company and "K.Pone Inc" record label as well as "Balbec" line of clothing.
Adil Takhssait (Moroccan-French-Canadian origin), known as Mélo (sometimes Mélopsy) in the band. He was born on 24 April 1979 in Paris, France. He relocated with his parents to Morocco and later on immigrated to Canada and settled in Montreal, Quebec. After the break-up of the band, Adil Takhssait has launched his solo career and is known by his artistic name Vaï, signed to his earlier bandmate Cyril Kamar's owned label K.Pone Inc.

Although a duo act, LMDS often included Philippe Greiss, composer and arranger for the group, singers Annie and Marco, DJ Benoît and the dancers Pascale, Nathalie and dance director Angelo.

Discography

Albums
LMDS, Les Messagers du Son has had two successful albums.

1997 Les Messagers du Son
1999 Il Faudrait Leur Dire

The debut album of LMDS, the self-titled "Les Messagers du Son" achieved top positions in the Quebec charts and the duo were a revelation in Les FrancoFolies de Montréal music festival in 1999.

They followed that by "Il faudrait leur dire" and a compilation released in France, where both had resided for some time.

After the break-up of the group in 2001, Cyril Kamar (named Lyrik in the band) went solo under the name K.Maro and achieves considerable success internationally with 5 albums to date. Mélo (Adil Takhssait) has also a solo musical career under the name Vaï.

Singles
"Une belle histoire" with Jodie Resther
"Joins toi à la dance"
"Tu me dirais"
"Le bien de demain"
"La Squadra"

References

Musical groups established in 1993
Musical groups disestablished in 2001
Musical groups from Montreal
Canadian hip hop groups
1993 establishments in Quebec
2001 disestablishments in Quebec


Ministrymon is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical realms.

Species
Ministrymon albimimicus (Johnson, 1986)
Ministrymon arola (Hewitson, 1868)
Ministrymon arthuri Bálint, Johnson & Austin, [1999]
Ministrymon azia (Hewitson, 1873)
Ministrymon cleon (Fabricius, 1775)
Ministrymon clytie (Edwards, 1877)
Ministrymon coronta (Hewitson, 1874)
Ministrymon cruenta (Gosse, 1880)
Ministrymon fostera (Schaus, 1902)
Ministrymon gamma (Druce, 1909)
Ministrymon inoa (Godman & Salvin, [1887])
Ministrymon janevicroy Glassberg, 2013
Ministrymon leda (Edwards, 1882)
Ministrymon ligia (Hewitson, 1877)
Ministrymon megacles (Stoll, [1780])
Ministrymon ollantaitamba (Johnson, Miller & Herrera, 1992)
Ministrymon phrutus (Geyer, 1832)
Ministrymon sanguinalis (Burmeister, 1878)
Ministrymon una (Hewitson, 1873)
Ministrymon zilda (Hewitson, 1873)

References

 , 1998: New species of Eumaeini (Lycaenidae) from Southeastern Brazil II. Review of regional Ministrymon and descriptions of new species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici 90: 195-214. Full article: .
, 1992: Two new butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science 28 (3-4): 149-157. Full article: .
, 2013: A butterfly with olive green eyes discovered in the United States and the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Eumaeini). Zookeys 305: 1-20. Full article: .

Eumaeini
Lycaenidae of South America
Lycaenidae genera


Mirzakhania is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae genera


Mithras is a Neotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.

References

Eumaeini
Lycaenidae of South America
Lycaenidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


Monodontides is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are found in the Indomalayan realm and the bordering Palearctic realm.

Species
Subgenus Buakraengius Eliot and Kawazoé, 1983
Monodontides cara (de Nicéville, 1898)
Subgenus Monodontides Toxopeus, 1927
Monodontides apona (Fruhstorfer, 1910)
Monodontides argioloides (Rothschild, 1915)
Monodontides chapmani Cassidy, 2003
Monodontides hondai Eliot and Kawazoé, 1983
Monodontides kolari (Ribbe, 1926)
Monodontides luzonensis Eliot and Kawazoé, 1983
Monodontides musina (Snellen, 1892)
Monodontides ternatensis Eliot and Kawazoé, 1983

References

Further reading
D'Abrera, B., 1978. Butterflies of the Australian Region, edn 2. 415 pp. Melbourne.
Eliot, J. N. and Kawazoe, A., 1983. Blue butterflies of the Lycaenopsis group: 1-309, 6 pls. London
Toxopeus, 1927b-1928: Eine Revision der javanischen, zu Lycaenopsis und verwandten Genera gehörigen Arten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 70: 232-302, 1pl., 27 figs; Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 71: 179-265, 1 pl., 29 figs.

Lycaenidae genera
Taxa named by Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus


Louis of Anhalt-Pless (16 July 1783 in Pless – 5 November 1841 in Pless) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Pless.

He was the sixth (but fifth surviving) son of Frederick Erdmann, Prince of Anhalt-Pless, by his wife Louise Ferdinande, daughter of Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode.

Life
As the youngest child in his family, Louis had little prospect of ever taking part the government of Pless; but when the main line of the Anhalt-Köthen branch of the House of Ascania became extinct in 1818, his older brother Frederick Ferdinand assumed the title duke of Anhalt-Köthen and left the government of Pless in the hands of the next oldest brother Henry.

In 1830, Frederick Ferdinand died childless and Henry succeeded him as duke. Shortly after, he left the government of Pless in the hands of Louis. Because Henry was also childless, Louis became heir presumptive to the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen until his death, unmarried and also childless. After Louis's death, Henry reassumed his government over Pless until his own death.

1783 births
1841 deaths
People from Pszczyna
House of Ascania


Mota is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The genus is monotypic containing the single Indomalayan species Mota massyla (Hewitson, 1869)    (Sikkim, Bhutan, Manipur, Sylhet, Cherrapunji, Assam, Burma, Thailand, Yunnan).

References

Arhopalini
Lycaenidae genera
Taxa named by Lionel de Nicéville


Myrina is a purely Afrotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae containing a total of five species.

Species
Myrina anettae De Fleury, 1924
Myrina dermaptera (Wallengren, 1857)
Myrina sharpei Bethune-Baker, 1906
Myrina silenus (Fabricius, 1775)
Myrina subornata Lathy, 1903

Etymology
Early authors often named insects for classical figures. This one is named for Myrina, queen of the Amazons.

References

External links
"Myrina Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Amblypodiini
Lycaenidae genera
Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius


Mauro Checcoli (born 1 March 1943) is an Italian equestrian and Olympic champion from Bologna. He won an individual gold medal in eventing at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was also a member of the Italian team that received a gold medal in team eventing at the same Olympics.

References

External links

1943 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bologna
Olympic equestrians for Italy
Italian male equestrians
Equestrians at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Equestrians at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Equestrians at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in equestrian
Italian event riders
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics


Neaveia is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae which is endemic to the Afrotropical realm. Its only species, Neaveia lamborni, the pierine blue, is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Both the genus and species were first described by Hamilton Herbert Druce in 1910. The habitat consists of forests and open areas.

Subspecies
 Neaveia lamborni lamborni (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria: south and the Cross River loop, Cameroon)
 Neaveia lamborni orientalis Jackson, 1962 (Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Uele, western Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania)

References

Poritiinae
Monotypic butterfly genera
Taxa named by Hamilton Herbert Druce
Lycaenidae genera


Neocheritra is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

Species
 Neocheritra amrita (C. & R. Felder, 1860)
 Neocheritra fabronia (Hewitson, 1878)
 Neocheritra manata (Semper, 1890)
 Neocheritra namoa de Nicéville, 1894

References

, 1882-1886. Rhopalocera Malayana. 16 + 481 pp., 41 pls. London.
, 1860 [1859]. Lepidopterologische Fragmenta. Parts 4 and 5. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 4:225-251, 2 pls., 394-402, 2 pls.
 , 1981: New Lycaenid Butterflies from the Philippines. Tyô to Ga 32 (1/2): 63-82. Abstract and full article: .
 , 1978: Neue Lepidoptera von den Philippinen, 3. Entomologische Zeitschrift 88 (14): 149-161.

Iolaini
Lycaenidae genera
Taxa named by William Lucas Distant


Neoepitola is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae, endemic to the Afrotropical realm. It consists of only one species, Neoepitola barombiensis, which is found in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Sankuru) and western Uganda.

References

External links
Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 65 a

Poritiinae
Monotypic butterfly genera
Taxa named by Thomas Herbert Elliot Jackson
Lycaenidae genera


Neolucia is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The three species of this genus are endemic to Australia and Tasmania.

Species
The following species are recognised:

Neolucia agricola (Westwood, [1851])
Neolucia mathewi (Miskin, 1890)
Neolucia hobartensis (Miskin, 1890)

References

Polyommatini
Lycaenidae genera


Neolysandra is a Palearctic genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

Species
Listed alphabetically:

 Neolysandra coelestina (Eversmann, 1843)
 Neolysandra corona (Verity, 1936) Lebanon
 Neolysandra diana (Miller, [1913]) Kurdistan
 Neolysandra ellisoni (Pfeiffer, 1931) Syria and Alborz mountains
 Neolysandra fatima Eckweiler & Schurian, 1980 Kurdistan
 Neolysandra fereiduna Skala, 2002 Iran

References

Polyommatini


Neomyrina is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae described by William Lucas Distant in 1884. It is monotypic, containing only the species Neomyrina nivea. Neomyrina nivea was described by Frederick DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin in 1878. It is found in the Indomalayan realm.

Subspecies
 N. n. nivea Belitung
 N. n. hiemalis (Godman & Salvin, 1878) Thailand, Malaysia
 N. n. periculosa Fruhstorfer, 1913 southern Myanmar - Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Lankawi, Sumatra

Biology
The larva feeds on Balanocarpus heimii (with ants).

References

Loxurini
Lycaenidae genera
Taxa named by William Lucas Distant
Monotypic butterfly genera


Neopithecops is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

Species
 Neopithecops iolanthe Eliot & Kawazoé, 1983 Torres Strait Islands, Cape York, Trobriand Islands, Batjan
 Neopithecops sumbanus Eliot & Kawazoé, 1983 Indonesia Sumba, Tanahjampea, Dammer Island
 Neopithecops umbretta Grose-Smith, 1895 Indonesia Lesser Sunda Islands, Tanahjampea, Sula Islands, Maluku Islands, Obi Island
 Neopithecops zalmora (Butler, 1870)
 Neopithecops sp. – undescribed

References
"Neopithecops Distant, 1884" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms

Polyommatini
Butterflies of Indonesia
Lepidoptera of Papua New Guinea
Fauna of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Lycaenidae genera


Neozephyrus is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Species in this genus are mainly distributed in East Asia. The larval food plant is alder or - for Neozephyrus quercus - oak .

List of species
 Neozephyrus coruscans (Leech, 1894) western and central China
 Neozephyrus dubernardi (Riley, 1939) Yunnan
 Neozephyrus helenae Howarth, 1957 China
 Neozephyrus japonicus (Murray, 1875) Amur Oblast, Ussuri, northeast China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan
 Neozephyrus quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) - purple hairstreak
 Neozephyrus taiwanus (Wileman, 1908) Taiwan
 Neozephyrus uedai Koiwaya, 2003 Burma
 Neozephyrus asahii  Fujioka, 2003 China (Kouy Tcheou)

See also
Chrysozephyrus
Favonius

References
 Biolib
 , 2000. On the genus Favonius (s. str.) in the continental Ashia. Gekkan-Mushi, (348): 18–22.
 , 2002: Descriptions of seven new species and a new subspecies of Theclini (Lycaenidae) from China and Indo-China. Gekkan-Mushi 373: 5-14.
 , 1953: On some new Lycaenids from Japan (II). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 4 (2/3): 10–12. Abstract and full article: .
  and , 1942. Beitrag zur Systematik der Theclinae im Kaiserreich Japan unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der sogenannten Gattung Zephyrus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Nature Life (Kyungpook J. bio. Sci.) 15: 33–46, figs.

External links
"Neozephyrus Sibatani & Ito, 1942" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Lycaenidae genera


Nesa is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.

Lycaeninae
Lycaenidae genera


Nesiostrymon is a Neotropical genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. It was first described by Harry Kendon Clench in 1964.

Species
Nesiostrymon calchinia (Hewitson, 1868)
Nesiostrymon hyccara (Hewitson, 1868)
Nesiostrymon celida (Lucas, 1857)
Nesiostrymon shoumatoffi (Comstock & Huntington, 1943)
Nesiostrymon celona (Hewitson, 1874)
Nesiostrymon dodava (Hewitson, 1877)
Nesiostrymon endela (Hewitson, 1874)
Nesiostrymon tristis (Lathy, 1926)

References

Eumaeini
Lycaenidae of South America
Lycaenidae genera


Nesolycaena is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The members (species) are found in the Australasian realm.

Species
Nesolycaena albosericea (Miskin, 1891)
Nesolycaena caesia d'Apice & Miller, 1992
Nesolycaena medicea Braby, 1996
Nesolycaena urumelia (Tindale, 1922)

External links

Funet Taxonomy Distribution
  1996: A new species of Nesolycaena Waterhouse and Turner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Northeastern Australia. Australian journal of entomology, 35: 9-17. . Full article: .

Candalidini
Lycaenidae genera


Nicolaea is a Neotropical genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.

Species
Nicolaea cauter (Druce, 1907)
Nicolaea schausa (E. D. Jones, 1912)
Nicolaea dolium (Druce, 1907)
Nicolaea ceglusa (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea bagrada (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea xorema (Schaus, 1902)
Nicolaea fabulla (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea demilineata (Lathy, 1936)
Nicolaea obelus (Druce, 1907)
Nicolaea castinotus (Johnson & Le Crom, 1997)
Nicolaea cupa (Druce, 1907)
Nicolaea petilla (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea velina (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea torris (Druce, 1907)
Nicolaea besidia (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea socia (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea viceta (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea opalia (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea opaliana (Hayward, 1967)
Nicolaea ophia (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea heraldica (Dyar, 1914)
Nicolaea pyxis (Johnson, 1993)
Nicolaea umuarama (Johnson, 1993)
Nicolaea laconia (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea lemuria (Hewitson, 1868)
Nicolaea munditia (Druce, 1907)

References

Eumaeini
Lycaenidae of South America
Lycaenidae genera


Niphanda is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae and only member of the Niphandini tribe. The members (species) of this genus are found in the Indomalayan realm and the Palearctic realm. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1875.

Species
Niphanda asialis (de Nicéville, 1895) India to Peninsular Malaya, South Yunnan, Sumatra, Java
Niphanda cymbia de Nicéville, [1884]
Niphanda fusca (Bremer & Grey, 1853) Amur, Ussuri, Transbaikalia, NorthEast China, Japan
Niphanda stubbsi Howarth, 1956 Peninsular Malaya.
Niphanda tessellata Moore, [1875] Burma, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sundaland, Philippines
Niphanda anthenoides Okubo, 2007  Philippines (Mindanao)

References

External links

 Funet Taxonomy Distribution Images
 Images representing Niphanda  at Bold

Lycaenidae genera


Notarthrinus is a butterfly genus in the family Lycaenidae. It is monotypic, containing only Notarthrinus binghami, the Chapman's hedge blue, a small butterfly found from Assam in India to northern Myanmar.

Cited references

References

Polyommatini
Butterflies of Asia
Monotypic butterfly genera
Lycaenidae genera


Nothodanis is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The single species of this genus, Nothodanis schaeffera (Eschscholtz, 1821) is found in the Australasian and Indomalayan realms.
Subspecies
Nothodanis schaeffera schaeffera (Eschscholtz, 1821)  Philippines and  Indonesia.
Nothodanis schaeffera annamensis (Fruhstorfer, 1903)  Vietnam.
Nothodanis schaeffera caesius (Grose-Smith) New Guinea
Nothodanis schaeffera caledonica (C. & R. Felder, [1865]) New Caledonia
Nothodanis schaeffera cepheis (Druce, 1891) Solomon Islands
Nothodanis schaeffera esme (Grose-Smith, 1894) Bismark archipelago , New Britain and New Ireland
Nothodanis schaeffera soranus (Fruhstorfer, 1915)  Halmaheira, Batjan, Ternate

External links
"Nothodanis Hirowatari, 1992" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms

Polyommatini
Lycaenidae genera