Frans de Munck (20 August 1922 – 24 December 2010) was a Dutch footballer and football manager.

Nicknamed The Black Panther due to his black hair, jersey and cat-like reflexes, De Munck helped VV DOS from Utrecht win the Eredivisie title in 1958, and Fortuna '54 win the KNVB Cup in 1957. For four years, he played for German top division club 1. FC Köln.

Between 1949 and 1960, he gained 31 caps for the Netherlands national team.

Early life
Frans de Munck was the son of Frans de Munck Sr., a son of a Belgian inland skipper. De Munck Sr. worked as a stoker at a gas company in Goes, Zeeland, where he met Johanna Maria Labeur, a widow from Kattendijke. She had two children from her first marriage, and the couple settled on the Westerstraat in Goes. De Munck Jr. later had a half-brother from his father's marriage to Labeur, Pieter de Munck, who was seven years younger. His biological mother is unknown.

As a youngster, De Munck did a lot of sports. In addition to association football, he also did cycling, athletics, korfball and handball. He particularly excelled in athletics, including winning the Zeeland championship in javelin throw and handball.

Playing career

Goes
At the age of eight, De Munck often watched practice sessions of local club VV Goes, where he was often invited to be a goalkeeper, for the first-team players to do shooting practice. Due to a knee injury, he was unable to realise his dream of becoming a forward. It turned out to be a golden opportunity to continue as a goalkeeper. He developed into a talented goalkeeper, and made his debut in the first team as a 15-year-old in 1937, against TSC Oosterhout.

Sittardse Boys
During World War II, De Munck was given the opportunity to play for German club TuRU Düsseldorf through a German officer. Because he refused, he had to work in a German arms factory. After a promotional match against Goes, Sittardse Boys offered him an opportunity to move to a higher level as a way out of working at the factory. As a goalkeeper for Goes, he had excelled in such a way that he could get a paid contract with Sittardse Boys in 1944, as result of a deal with a sponsor at the club, who thereby prevented him from being employed as a forced laborer in Germany. In Sittard, an Ausweiss was arranged for him, and after the war he began working at the local police department as an officer. He then also played for the Dutch police team.

At Sittardse Boys, De Munck played in the Eredivisie, the top division of football in the Netherlands. In 1947, he received an offer from FC Barcelona to become a professional in Catalonia, but te turned down the offer as not to jeopardise his chance of being selected for the national team – in which only amateur players were allowed – and he made his debut for the Netherlands in 1949. In 1950, Ajax made him an offer. The move, however, did not materialise after it became known that De Munck had received money while in Sittard, something the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) were fiercely against, as they still adhered strictly to the amateur principle. As a result, De Munck was banned from the KNVB participation for one year. Like many of the best Dutch footballers of his time, he then moved abroad.

1. FC Köln
De Munck was the first professional footballer to appear for 1. FC Köln. He immediately showed his talent after arriving at the club, and "on the [goal-]line and in control of the penalty area [he was] equally strong," which helped the Cologne-based team finished the season with the fewest goals conceded, securing a fourth place. In his second year at the club, he competed against Fritz Herkenrath in goal. However, the future German national goalkeeper left the club after twelve months after losing the competition for becoming the starter to De Munck. 1. FC Köln finished the following seasons with fifth (and again the fewest goals conceded) and second place, before reaching the DFB-Pokal final as well as the  in 1954. Köln narrowly lost in the 1954 German football championship and also lost the DFB Cup final against VfB Stuttgart 1–0.

He finished his stint in Germany with more than 100 league appearances in which he scored two goals. He also made seven appearances in the final play-offs for the German championship, three games for the West Cup and two games for the DFB-Pokal.

Fortuna '54, DOS and retirement

De Munck joined the newly founded, first Dutch professional club, Fortuna '54 from Geleen in 1954, who initially competed in the professional league of the NBVB, and since in the newly merged national league of the KNVB which became the new Eredivisie in 1956. With Fortuna, De Munck won the national cup tournament, the KNVB Cup, in 1957 after a 4–2 win in the final over Feijenoord before he moved to VV DOS, a predecessor club to the contemporary FC Utrecht. He led DOS to the championship in his first season; the club's first and only championship. In the subsequent European Cup, DOS, with De Munck in goal, were knocked out of the competition in the preliminary round after two losses (3–4; 1–2) to Portuguese club Sporting CP.

He stayed with DOS until 1961, after which he, at age 39, started playing for second-tier Eerste Divisie club Veendam. After his period in Veendam, until 1963, De Munck played for Cambuur and Vitesse. De Munck retired at the age of 44 after a friendly match between Vitesse and 1. FC Köln on 28 May 1967.

International career
In 1949, De Munck represented Oranje twice; his first two international matches. In the friendly against France on 23 April 1949, he made his debut as a replacement of regular goalkeeper Piet Kraak, where he was only able to concede a goal to Jean Baratte in the third minute in the 4–1 win. In the 2–1 win in the next match in and against Denmark, De Munck was once again between the posts. Because of his subsequent suspension because of his payment as a professional at Sittardse Boys and during his time as a professional at 1. FC Köln, he was no longer allowed to compete for the national team. However, one month after the North Sea flood of 1953, which had struck large parts of the Netherlands, he took part in a selection of Dutch foreign professionals in a benefit game in front of 40,000 spectators in the Parc des Princes against France. This game went down in history as the Watersnoodwedstrijd, a prelude to professional football in the Netherlands. A year later, De Munck made his comeback for the new professional national team – again against Denmark – and remained the starting goalkeeper until 1960. Only six times did De Munck fail to concede a goal in his international matches; the biggest defeat was in 1957, a 1–5 loss to Spain in Madrid, in which Alfredo Di Stéfano scored three times against the Dutchman. He made his last international appearance for Oranje on 24 April 1960, exactly eleven years and one day after his debut, in a 1–2 defeat in Antwerp against Belgium.

Managerial career

De Munck's managerial career got off to a slow start. As was the case with his difficult international career, the KNVB disallowed him to pursue coaching, as they were of the opinion that De Munck did not have the correct papers. Therefore, he started a coaching course at the Sporthochschule in Cologne. The KNVB initially did not recognise the validity of his diploma, but was still willing to admit him as a manager after the intervention of Prince Bernhard, with whom he had a friendship.

De Munck started his coaching career in 1966 at Vitesse, when he himself was still active as a player. He succeeded Joseph Gruber as head coach, after the latter had been dismissed.

After his coaching stint in Arnhem, De Munck became a head coach in Belgium. First at Club Brugge, with whom he won the Belgian Cup in 1970; then at Lierse. In 1972, he returned to Vitesse as head coach. He stayed there until 1974. After his second period at Vitesse, De Munck also coached amateur clubs Minerva and Arnhemse Boys. He ended his coaching career as a youth coach at FC Dordrecht.

Death
De Munck died on 24 December 2010 at the age of 88 in his hometown Arnhem. He was cremated there in the Moscowa crematorium.

Honours

Player
1. FC Köln
DFB-Pokal runner-up: 1953–54

Fortuna '54
KNVB Cup: 1956–57

DOS
Eredivisie: 1957–58

Cambuur
Tweede Divisie: 1964–65

Manager
Club Brugge
Belgian Cup: 1969–70

References

1922 births
2010 deaths
Sportspeople from Goes
Dutch men's footballers
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Dutch football managers
Dutch expatriate football managers
Netherlands men's international footballers
Eredivisie players
1. FC Köln players
SC Cambuur players
SBV Vitesse players
Fortuna Sittard players
DHSC (football club) players
SC Veendam players
Men's association football goalkeepers
SBV Vitesse managers
Club Brugge KV managers
Lierse S.K. managers
Expatriate men's footballers in West Germany
Expatriate football managers in Belgium
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in West Germany
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Footballers from Zeeland
VV Goes players
Dutch people of Belgian descent


Ordinary Fool is an album by Paul Williams, released in 1975. Notable songs from the album include "Flash", "Ordinary Fool" and "Don't Call It Love".

Track listing
All tracks composed by Paul Williams; except where indicated
 "Flash" (Art Munson, Paul Williams)
 "Lifeboat" (Ken Ascher, Paul Williams)
 "Lonestar" (Ken Ascher, Paul Williams)
 "Time and Tide"
 "Even Better Than I Know Myself"
 "Don't Call It Love" (Art Munson, Paul Williams)
 "Lonely Hearts" (Theme from The Day of the Locust) (John Barry, Paul Williams)
 "Old Souls" (From Phantom of the Paradise)
 "Ordinary Fool" (From Bugsy Malone)
 "Soul Rest"

Ella Fitzgerald recorded "Ordinary Fool" on her Pablo release, Montreux '77.

Charts

References

1975 albums
Paul Williams (songwriter) albums
A&M Records albums
Albums recorded at A&M Studios


Robert Kretschmer (1812–1872) was a German illustrator, known for his illustrations in Brehms Tierleben.

References

Further reading
 Andreas Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998,
 Luca Zordan: Zwischen Mythos und Wissenschaft. Ökologisierung in der Zusammenarbeit von Künstlern und Wissenschaftlern im 19. Jahrhundert: Kretschmers und Brehms Illustrirtes Thierleben. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2019,

Links

German illustrators
1812 births
1872 deaths
People from Świdnica
Artists from the Province of Silesia


Kartika Affandi-Koberl (born 27 November 1934), is an Indonesian artist born into a family of artists.

Biography
Kartika Affandi was born in Jakarta in 1934, the only child of artists Affandi and Maryati. Kartika in 1952 married R.M. Saptohoedojo, a painter. She has eight children. Kartika's relationship with her husband was strained by his polygamy and also his stinginess with the paint they shared, and they divorced in 1972. In 1985, she married Austrian Gerhard Koberl, a yoga and meditation teacher. They separated in 1994 and divorced in 2001.

Artistic career
From the age of seven, Kartika was instructed by Affandi in how to paint with fingers and tubes directly on the canvas. Any mixing of colours is done on her hands and wrists. Kartika has no permanent studio; like Affandi, she prefers to paint outside in the village environment where she interacts directly with her subjects and on-lookers. This contrasts with most contemporary Indonesian painters, who work in their studios from mind-images, memory, photographs or sketches.

Born in 1930s, when men still dominated the art world, Kartika is among a small group of women painters who from the mid-1980s succeeded in exhibiting their work on a regular basis and in gaining limited critical recognition. Even in this context, Kartika's art has been described as unique, ranging from conventional to subversive.

In a culture where the individual self rarely is put to the fore, Kartika had made the self-portrait one of her main themes. In a society where emotion is suppressed, both publicly and privately, Kartika fills her canvases with intense feeling. In a culture where genitals are considered taboo in representation, Kartika has painted her own nudity graphically and without the prescribed, distancing sweetness, never depicting the body as an object of pleasure, whether that of others or her own.

Given their close bond, Kartika painted penetrating portraits of her father, right through to his final years of debilitating illness. Another provocative portrait, Hindu Priest, shows an old man, close up, as he walks on a beach. His face is preoccupied, intense - a face that might have been taken from an Ingmar Bergman movie. There is nothing here of the glamour, romance or mystical aura that so often characterises images from Bali such as in O.H. Supono's Balinese Priest.

Focus
Following in the populist footsteps of Affandi, Kartika has often painted rural and dispossessed people such as fishermen, farmers, workers and beggars. Since these individuals pose while interacting with her and exchanging life histories as she paints, these must be considered portraits. Although narrative, her paintings when viewed close up dissolve into strong, abstract statements in energetically applied impasto oils. Kartika's work ranges from the sweet and idyllic to an expressive realism that can be harsh. The latter is evident in her paintings of beggars, handicapped people and suffering animals and in her uncompromising depiction of the progress of old age, whether painting a stranger, her father, or herself.

Kartika's career experienced a resurgence around 1980, when she studied painting restoration in Austria to enable her to repair Affandi's deteriorating paintings. Here, solitude and reflection paved the way for her most unusual portraits.

Travels and exhibitions
Kartika received international critical praise for her work in the 1990s. She visited Australia in 1991 for an exhibition that covered Canberra, Sydney and Melbourne. She also visited the United States in the 1990s.

Her work was exhibited in the mid-2000s and she reflected upon her career and art. Her paintings were also exhibited in the 2010s.

Documentary
Kartika is the subject of a 2018 documentary film, Kartika Affandi: 9 Ways of Seeing, by Christopher Basile.

References

Bibliography

External links
Kartika Affandi-Koberl at AskARt
Kartika: The Life and Art of Kartika Affandi (video)
Виктор Погадаев. Неподражаемая Картика (Victor Pogadaev. Amazing Kartika)

Living people
1934 births
People from Jakarta
Indonesian women artists
Indonesian women painters
20th-century Indonesian painters
20th-century Indonesian women artists


Vadali is an Indian village located 2 kilometers away from Mudinepalli mandal, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, situated near Machilipatnam.

See also

 Mudinepalli
 Krishna district
 Andhra Pradesh

References

Villages in Krishna district


Vocabulon is a French language educational video game, produced by Megableu and Index+ in 1998. It was released for both Microsoft Windows based PCs and Apple Macintosh computers.

The aim of the game is to save the world of words (Vocabulon) from the diabolical professor Charabia, who has built a machine which devours letters. The player has to bring a bomb into his den, where the player finds each letter, which composes the code, on islands of Vocabulon.

External links
 Vocabulon at Microïds

Windows games
Classic Mac OS games
1998 video games
Microïds games
Language learning video games
Video games developed in France


"Don't Call It Love" is a song first released by American singer Kim Carnes on her 1981 album Mistaken Identity. The following year it was covered by Captain and Tennille and Dusty Springfield from their albums More Than Dancing and White Heat. There is also a cover version by Venezuelan artist Jorge Aguilar recorded in 1985 on his Siempre juntos album, called "Esto es amor" with adapted lyrics sung in spanish.

Dolly Parton cover
"Don't Call It Love" was covered and released as a single by American singer Dolly Parton. It was released in January 1985 as the first single from the album Real Love. The song reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Her rendition was also an Adult Contemporary hit, reaching number 12 in the US and number seven in Canada.

Chart performance

Weekly

Year-End

References

External links

1985 singles
1981 songs
Kim Carnes songs
Captain & Tennille songs
Dusty Springfield songs
Dolly Parton songs
Songs written by Tom Snow
Songs written by Dean Pitchford
Song recordings produced by David Malloy
RCA Records singles


The Cedar Canyon Bridge is a steel arch highway bridge on US 60 near Show Low, Arizona. The  span ribbed girder arch bridge was built in 1937–38 with a total length of . The  bridge was substantially widened and upgraded in 1994, using the identical arch from the Corduroy Creek Bridge to double the width of the bridge while rehabilitating the deck structure.

See also

List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
National Register of Historic Places listings in Navajo County, Arizona

References

External links

Arizona DOT page on bridge widening
Bridge widening project

Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in the United States
Buildings and structures in Navajo County, Arizona
Steel bridges in the United States
Bridges completed in 1938
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
National Register of Historic Places in Navajo County, Arizona
Transportation in Navajo County, Arizona
Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona
U.S. Route 60
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Girder bridges in the United States


Stypandra glauca, commonly known as the nodding blue lily, is a flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant with blue lily-like flowers with yellow stamens. It is widespread across southern areas of Australia.

Description
Stypandra glauca is a perennial herb with flowering branches to  high and up to  wide at the base, becoming shrub-like and about  high when not flowering. The leaves are stiff, pale green to bluish, narrowly lance-shaped, stem-clasping in an alternate, opposite arrangement, and are up to 200 millimetres long. The drooping, blue flowers are borne in clusters at the end of stems, about  long, about  across, each petal about  long, prominent yellow anthers, pedicel thread-like and curved. Flowering occurs from July to November and the fruit is oblong to oval-shaped capsule,  long.

Taxonomy and naming
Stypandra glauca was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae. The specific epithet (glauca) means "sea green" in reference to the foliage.

Distribution and habitat
Nodding blue lily is a widespread species growing on a variety of soils including sand, granite, shale, limestone and clay  sometimes in woodland or mostly in dry forest.

Ingestion of flowering plants has been found to cause blindness in goats.

Gallery

See also

 List of plants known as lily

References

External links
 The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) – Occurrence data for Stypandra glauca

Asparagales of Australia
Angiosperms of Western Australia
Flora of South Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of the Australian Capital Territory
Flora of Victoria (state)
Garden plants
Plants described in 1810
Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)
glauca


Alfonso Buonocore (11 March 1933 – 12 May 2023) was an Italian freestyle swimmer and water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics.

In 1952 he was eliminated in the first round of the 100 metre freestyle competition.

Four years later he was a member of the Italian water polo team which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played five matches.

Buonocore died on 12 May 2023, at the age of 90.

See also
 Italian record progression 200 metres freestyle

References

External links
profile

1933 births
2023 deaths
Swimmers from Naples
Italian male swimmers
Italian male water polo players
Olympic swimmers for Italy
Olympic water polo players for Italy
Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Italy
Swimmers at the 1955 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in swimming
20th-century Italian people


St George's Anglo- Indian Higher Secondary School was founded in 1715 as the Military (later Madras) Male Orphan Asylum and is one of the oldest schools in the world and the oldest in India. It is affiliated to the Anglo-Indian Board of Education.

It is situated in the heart of the city in Shenoy Nagar, a bustling area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The school has red brick buildings on a land area of , with a boarding house, dormitory, kitchen and play grounds. The school provides education to over 1500 children from nursery up to the +2 level. It has a library, NCC and a computer centre. There are 36 staff members led by the Head Master and the Correspondent.

Hockey
St George's  has one of the best school hockey teams in Chennai. It has also produced many players who have represented Tamil Nadu and India at various levels.

Mr. Jason, the hockey coach of the school, trained the team. He had trained the school team for more than 28 years and his legacy lives on after his sad demise in 2012.  St. Georges school had the best hockey team in Chennai and were consistent winners for years together in the sub junior, junior, senior and super senior categories under his coaching. The school has no sports activity and most of the play area have been transformed into  rental parking and wedding reception centers.

Library
St George's  library has rare books from the 18th century to date.

Heritage Structure
The chapel and the classroom block of the school are part of CMDA's 400 recognized heritage structures in the city.

Controversies

Child Sex Abuse Case
In 18 June 2009 there were news reports that a UK volunteer was "misbehaving" with students. A four member UK detective team probed this but the evidences started to go missing including the whistle-blower, victims and videotape statements.

Fee structure increase
In June 2012 there were news reports of increase in fee structure which was not in conformance with the fee structure set by Anglo-Indian Board, further to this there were protest by parents which resulted in ten parents being arrested and later released by Chennai Police. It's confirmed that the fees collected in St. George's is the lowest in all Anglo Indian schools in India.

Public events
There were further allegations about school premises being misused for public events and other private events (including movie audio releases), although school principal R. Paul Victor Samuel maintained that these allegations were baseless.

On 6 September 2018 the Hon’ble High Court of Madras passed an ad-interim injunction against the school restraining them from carrying out any business activities / commercial activities in its playground / vacant site in WMP.No.21682/2018 pending disposal of the writ petition WP.No.18737/2018.

Renovation of old structure
The Manorial Conway House, a century old building in the school campus was renovated and resulted in concerns from heritage activists. The school correspondent Mr. G.K. Francis clarified that part of the building had to be renovated since it was not safe for the children. He also clarified that only the Chapel was part of the heritage structure listed by CMDA and others are not and does not require permission from CMDA.

Tercentenary celebrations

St George's school's tercentenary celebrations were held between 23 April 2015 and 25 April 2015, the celebrations included sporting activities including old and new students, a carnival and a Christmas dance. There was also an on-stage performance from the band called "Second Coming" (St George's alumni).

These celebrations (called "Georgian reunion") brought many old students back to the campus, the sporting activities included hockey, football and cricket for men and throw ball for women.

References

Primary schools in Tamil Nadu
High schools and secondary schools in Chennai
Educational institutions established in 1715
1710s establishments in India
1715 establishments in the British Empire


Sir Walter George Barttelot, 2nd Baronet,  (11 April 1855 – 23 July 1900) was of the Barttelot Baronetcy and son of Sir Walter Barttelot, 1st Baronet.

Early life and military career

Barttelot was born on 11 April 1855, the first son of Sir Walter Barttelot, 1st Baronet and Harriet Musgrave. His younger brother, Major Edmund Musgrave Barttelot (1859–1888), was an army officer in the Royal Fusiliers who was killed in the Congo, Africa in 1888, while Commander of the rear column of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. Their sister was Dame Edith Sclater, DBE (1856–1927).

He was educated at Eton College and subsequently served for some years in the 5th Dragoon Guards, in which he attained the rank of captain, retiring in 1879.

In 1880, he was appointed captain in the 1st Devon Yeomanry Cavalry, and in 1886, captain and honorary major in the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment.  He was appointed CB in the 1892 New Year Honours.

He held the office of Justice of the Peace for Sussex, the office of Justice of the Peace for Devon and was County Councillor for the Western Division of Sussex. He succeeded to the title of 2nd Baronet Barttelot, of Stopham, Sussex on 2 February 1893, after his father died of natural causes on the same day of his second wife's funeral.

Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War in late 1899, Barttelot volunteered for active service and in early March 1900 was granted the temporary rank of captain in the army while serving with the volunteer company of the Royal Sussex Regiment in South Africa. He was killed in action on 23 July 1900 (aged 45) at Retief's Nek, Orange Free State in South Africa.

Family
Barttelot married Georgiana Mary Balfour, the only daughter of George Edmond Balfour and Marianna Jowitt of the Manor, Sidmouth, on 3 June 1879. He was survived by his wife and two sons, among whom were:
 The eldest son, Sir Walter Balfour Barttelot, 3rd Baronet, who was killed in Tehran, Persia on 23 October 1918, while Military Attaché to Tehran during the First World War.
 The younger son, Lieutenant-Commander Nigel Kenneth Walter Barttelot, who was killed in the early days of World War I, whilst commanding the destroyer HMS Liberty during the Battle of Heligoland Bight.

Legacy

Barttelot Road, in Horsham, West Sussex, takes its name from the family.

References

1855 births
1900 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Companions of the Order of the Bath
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
People from Sidmouth
Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry officers
Royal Sussex Regiment officers
British military personnel killed in the Second Boer War


Enzo Cavazzoni (2 March 1932 – 15 August 2012) was an Italian water polo player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Genoa and died in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

In 1956 he was a member of the Italian team which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played five matches as goalkeeper.

See also
 Italy men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers

External links

 Enzo Cavazzoni's obituary

1932 births
2012 deaths
Water polo players from Genoa
Italian male water polo players
Water polo goalkeepers
Olympic water polo players for Italy
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics


Ådalsbruk Station () was a train station on the Røros Line in Norway from 1862 to 1972.

It was opened in 1862 as Løken, renamed Aadalsbrug in 1881 to correspond with the nearby village. Both were named after the iron works Aadals Brug Jernstøberi og Mek. Værksted. The spelling was modernized to Ådalsbruk in 1921.

From 1972 the station was no longer staffed.

References

Railway stations on the Røros Line
Railway stations in Hedmark
Railway stations in Norway opened in 1862
1862 establishments in Norway
Railway stations closed in 1972
1972 disestablishments in Norway
Disused railway stations in Norway
Løten


Maurizio D'Achille (7 April 1932 – 31 May 2013) was an Italian water polo player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics. In 1956 he was a member of the Italian team which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played two matches. He was born in Rome.

References

1932 births
2013 deaths
Italian male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Italy
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Water polo players from Rome
20th-century Italian people


Histoire littéraire de la France is an enormous history of French literature initiated in 1733 by Dom Rivet and the Benedictines of St. Maur. It was abandoned in 1763 after the publication of volume XII. In 1814, members of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (part of the Institut de France) took over the project, which had stopped halfway through the 12th century, and continued where the Benedictines had left off. From 1865 to 1892, the first sixteen volumes were reprinted with only minor corrections, in parallel with the regular series.

, 46 volumes had been published, covering the period up to 1590. To increase the pace and prevent the project from coming to a halt, the committee in charge decided in March 1999 to abandon a strict chronological order in favor of a less constrained structure.

Editors-in-chief
 volumes 1 to 9 : Dom Antoine Rivet de La Grange (1683–1749), mainly
 volumes 10 to 12 : Dom Charles Clémencet and Dom François Clément
 volumes 13 to 20 : Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, mainly Pierre Daunou
 volumes 20 to 24 (1842–1863): Victor Le Clerc
 volumes 25 to 31 (1869–1893): Barthélemy Hauréau
 volumes 32 to 34 (1898–1917): Paul Meyer
 volumes 35 to 36 (1921–1926): Charles-Victor Langlois
 volumes 37 to 38 (1938–1949): Mario Roques
 volumes 39 to 41 (1962–1981): Charles Samaran

Published volumes

Indices

References

 Luc Fraisse, "La littérature du XVIIe siècle chez les fondateurs de l'histoire littéraire", XVIIe siècle 2003:1:118:3-26 full text
 Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres

French literature


The Lisbon Geographic Society (Portuguese: Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa) is a Portuguese scientific society created in Lisbon in the year of 1875, aiming to "promote and assist the study and progress of geography and related sciences in Portugal."

The Society was created in the context of the European movement of exploration and colonization, having its activity particular emphasis in the exploration of the African Continent.

History

On 10 November 1875, a group of 74 subscribers petition King Luís I of Portugal the creation of a society, to be called Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, with the objective to "promote and assist the study and progress of geography and related sciences in the country."

Two early subscribers were Luciano Cordeiro and Teófilo Braga, among many other intellectuals, journalists, and politicians of that time.

The Society's goals were to organize conferences and scientific congresses, and grant funds destined to exploration trips and scientific investigation.

In December 1876, the Society initiated the publication of the Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa (Lisbon's Geographic Society Bulletin), still in force today.

Organization
President
4 Vice Presidents
Perpetual Secretary
Secretary General
2 Vice Secretaries
Treasurer
6 member administration comcittee
Museum Director
Audit Committee
3 Staff
2 Substitutes

Commissions
The African Commission, which aims to study issues related to scientific knowledge and the development of Africa and particularly with regard to Portuguese-speaking African Countries and other areas where the Portuguese cultural heritage is felt.

The American Commission, whose purpose is the study and consultation of matters that matter to the relations and interests of Portuguese nationality in America and Polynesia, and apart from Portugal in the discovery, colonization and civilization of those parts of the world.

The Asian Commission, whose purpose is the study and consultation of studies relevant to Asian languages, religions and races and to Portugal's relations and interests in that part of the world and in Australia.

The Commission of Lusophone Communities

The Emigration Commission, whose purpose is the study and consultation of matters that matter to Portuguese emigration, in order to mitigate, instruct, direct and protect, for the benefit of the Country.

The Côrte-Real Studies Commission, whose objective is to study the theme related to the work of Portuguese pioneers in the discovery of lands to the west of Portugal, now known by the name of North America but which for a long time appear on maps as “land of the Corte-Reais”, since the Portuguese navigators of the Corte-Real family were those who most distinguished themselves in their discovery.

The European Commission, aims at the study and consultation that matter to the scientific knowledge of Europe and its structures and institutions and to the position of Portugal as an integral part of this reality.

The Nature Protection Commission, whose objective is the study and dissemination of issues related to nature conservation, contributing to the knowledge, defense and enhancement of the natural and scenic heritage of Mainland, Insular and Oceanic Portugal and to promote the development of in international circles, giving special attention to Portuguese-speaking Countries and Communities where our cultural heritage is felt.
The International Relations Commission, within the scope of a theoretical framework, covers the scientific field of International Relations in an inter-sectoral perspective with the African, American, Asian and European Commissions.

Ethnographic Museum
The Ethnographic Museum has a collection in the areas of Ethnology and History, with the former Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia.

The Museum consists of several rooms:

The Portugal Room, where most of the museum's collection is located, is 50m long, surrounded by two orders of galleries;

The Algarve Room features a large planisphere with the routes of the Discoveries of Portuguese navigators between the 15th and 17th centuries;

The India Room where flags of various expeditions to Africa and two large globes by Coronelli are displayed, as well as portulans, manuscripts and engravings;

The Markers Room composed of Portuguese pieces, highlighting the stone markers ("padrões") set by the Portuguese on the African coast.

The Lisbon Geography Society Library has national and international recognition as essential for the study of the History of Discoveries and Portuguese Expansion.

The bibliographic collection consists of 62,000 works, several magazines and around 6,000 handwritten documents, in a total of 230,000 titles, which, the travel diaries of Hermenegildo Capelo, Robertovens, Silva Porto and Gago Cou as well as the collection of by George Chinnery.

In the Mapoteca ("map library") where the cartographic collection is found, important examples of Portuguese and foreign atlases, maps and plans from that period.

Presidents
Presidents of the society have included:(pt)
 Januário Correia de Almeida, 1876-1877
 José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage, 1877-1883
 , 1884-1887
 Francisco Maria da Cunha, 1888-1890
 António Pereira Sampaio, 1891-1893
 Francisco Ferreira do Amaral, 1894-1908
 Zózimo Consiglieri Pedroso, 1909-1910
 Bernardino Machado, 1910-1912
 Anselmo Braamcamp Freire, 1913-1921
 Vicente d’Almeida d’Eça, 1922-1924
 Tomás Garcia Rosado, 1925-1926
 Pedro José da Cunha, 1927-1928
 José Capelo Franco Frazão, Conde Penha Garcia, 1928-1940
 João de Azevedo Coutinho, 1940-1944
 Manuel Moreira Júnior, 1945-1952
 António Mendes Correia, 1952-1960
 Ruy Enes Ulrich, 1960-1964
 Adriano Moreira, 1964-1974
 Fernando Fonseca, 1975-1978
 Barahona Fernandes, 1978-1983
 Henrique Serra Brandão, 1983-1988
 António de Sousa Leitão, 1988-2000
 Luís Aires Barros, 2000–present

References

External links
Lisbon Geographic Society
 Lisbon Geographic Society postage stamps

Organisations based in Lisbon
Geographic societies
1875 establishments in Portugal
Organizations established in 1875


A round shield can refer to any type of hand-held shield that has a round shape. They come in highly varying sizes, and have, in different forms, been very popular in Europe, the Asia and the Americas, throughout the Bronze Age, the classical period, the post-classical period, and the early modern period. During the Bronze Age they were generally large and designed for bashing and shield wall tactics (such as Spartan bronze shields), while since the late post-classical they were mostly designed for parrying and riposte (such as the small buckler, supplanted by the heater shield).

Although offering less protection, especially to the legs than the kite shield, the round shield was sometimes used as an offensive weapon. The word "swashbuckler" came from this, as soldiers beat their weapon against the buckler.

List of round shields

Historical
A buckler is a very small round shield popular in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance.
Scandinavian seafaring warriors of the early medieval period used wooden round shields with centergrips.
Taming, a round shield from the Philippines.
Targe typically referred to a round shield.
The dhal was a round shield in India.
The Romans used the clipeus and parma.

Fictional
Captain America's shield, the primary piece of equipment used defensively and offensively by the comic book superhero Captain America.

Shields


was a Japanese journalist, TV presenter and news anchor.

Career
Chikushi was born in Hita, Ōita on 23 June 1935. He graduated from Waseda University's school of political science and economics, and joined the Asahi Shimbun newspaper in 1959 as a reporter.

He worked for the Asahi Shimbun'''s political news department, Okinawa bureau, and Washington bureau, before being appointed as managing editor of the Asahi Journal magazine.

He later resigned from the Asahi Shimbun to become the anchorman of TBS's News 23 late-night news programme in October 1989.

He left TBS's News 23'' in May 2007 after announcing on air that he was suffering from cancer.

He died of lung cancer on 7 November 2008 at a hospital in Tokyo, aged 73. He was a guest professor of Waseda University and Ritsumeikan University.

See also
 Tokyo Broadcasting System Television
 Aum Shinrikyo

References

External links
 TBS "News 23"

1935 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer in Japan
Japanese broadcast news analysts
Japanese editors
Japanese reporters and correspondents
Japanese television personalities
The Asahi Shimbun people
People from Ōita Prefecture
Academic staff of Ritsumeikan University
Academic staff of Waseda University
Waseda University alumni
20th-century journalists


Exel was a supply chain and logistics company operating in North America and Europe, which became a subsidiary of the German firm Deutsche Post in 2005. It reported annual revenues of about $4.2 billion in February 2012.

History
The company has its origins in several independent warehouse and transportation management companies in the United States which were acquired in 1985 by NFC plc (formerly the National Freight Corporation, the nationalised transportation business in the United Kingdom created by the post war Labour government).

The new company was re-branded Exel and the Americas headquarters was established in Westerville, Ohio, in 1992. By the year 2000, Exel had grown and expanded operations to include Canada, Latin America and South America. Its portfolio of services also grew to include transportation management, freight consolidation, contract packaging, contract manufacturing, demand planning and other supply chain services.

In May 2000, NFC plc merged with Ocean Group plc and, adopting the name of its American subsidiary, became Exel plc. In August 2004, Exel plc acquired Tibbett & Britten, a leading contract logistics business based in the United Kingdom, for $710m. On 14 December 2005, Deutsche Post announced the completion of the acquisition of Exel plc.

In January 2016, Exel (North America) changed its name to DHL Supply Chain: North America.

Operations
Deutsche Post continues to trade under the Exel brand in North America. The rest of the business was merged with DHL Express to form DHL Exel Supply Chain. Exel operates 441 facilities and works with over 40,000 associates in North America. Exel serves the automotive, chemical, consumer, energy, industrial, life sciences, retail, and technology industries.

Services include supply chain management, inbound to manufacturing, in plant services, manufacturing, assembly and packing, warehousing and order fulfilment, transportation management, home and business delivery and reverse logistics.

Controversies
In August 2011, the main distribution center for Hershey candies was subjected to a strike by about 400 young foreign workers brought to the United States under the J1 "cultural exchange" visa program. The center in Palmyra, Pennsylvania was run for Hershey by Exel. Exel in turn subcontracted the staffing of the center to another firm, SHS OnSite Solutions, based in Lemoyne, Pennsylvania. The students were recruited by yet another organization called the Council on Educational Travel (CETUSA).

In February 2012, the Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration fined Exel almost $300,000 for wilfully failing to record and report on-the-job injuries for four years.

In 2011, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, on behalf of Contrice Travis, sued Exel for sexual discrimination alleging that Exel failed to promote a female associate to a supervisory position. In July 2013, during a four-day trial in Atlanta, the jury heard evidence that included "Travis's former supervisor testified that when he recommended Travis for the position, the general manager informed him that he would never put a woman in that position." The jury found the charges to be true, and awarded Travis $25,000 in compensatory damages and $475,000 in punitive damages plus back pay.

References

Transport companies established in 1985
Companies based in Ohio
1985 establishments in Ohio

pt:Exel plc


Disilyne is a silicon hydride with the formula .  Several isomers are possible, but none are sufficiently stable to be of practical value.  Substituted disilynes contain a formal silicon–silicon triple bond and as such are sometimes written R2Si2 (where R is a substituent group). They are the silicon analogues of alkynes.

The term silyne has two diverse meanings. Some chemists use it to refer to compounds containing a silicon–silicon triple bond, whereas others use the term to refer to compounds containing a silicon–carbon triple bond by analogy to silene, which often refers to compounds containing silicon–carbon double bonds. The term polysilyne can refer to the layer polymer (SiH)n or substituted derivatives.

Substituted disilynes

The first example isolated and characterised by X-ray crystallography is an emerald green crystalline compound reported in 2004.
This molecule has the formula R'_2R''Si-Si#Si-SiR''R'_2, where R' = HC(SiMe3)2 and R'' = HCMe2.

It was prepared by the reduction of the related tetrabrominated precursor by potassium graphite (KC8). It is air- and moisture-sensitive but is a stable solid up to 128 °C.

The geometry of the central four-silicon chain is unlike that of analogous carbon structures. Whereas substituted alkynes are linear, having a 180° bond angle at each end of the carbon–carbon triple bond, the silicon chain is bent to 137° at each end. The four silicon atoms in the  chain are however perfectly coplanar, with the first and fourth silicon atoms trans to one another. The central triple bond length is 206 pm, which is around 4% shorter than the typical bond-length of Si–Si double bonds (214 pm)) and the Si–Si single bonds are 237 pm.  The  colour is attributed to a weak π–π* transition.

Calculations show a bond order of 2.6. An alternative calculation of the bond order by a different group describes the bonding as essentially due to only two electron pairs, with the third pair in a non-bonding orbital. Reaction of this compound with phenylacetylene produced a 1,2 disilabenzene.
Other workers
have also reported another related compound which contains a hexasila-3-yne chain:
R3Si(SiR3)SiMeSi2SiMe(SiR3)SiR3
where Me = methyl and R = t-butyl
In this compound, the Si–Si triple bond length was calculated as 207 pm.

Heavier group 14 analogues
Triple bonded compounds of the heavier members of group 14 have also been prepared; lead,
 and tin and germanium (digermyne) The cores of the disilyne, digermyne, distannyne, and diplumbyne have similarly bent geometries.  These findings are generally consistent with the absence of conventional triple bonds.

See also
Disilane
Disilene
Organosilicon compounds

References

Silicon hydrides


Gustavia superba is an understory tree that grows in Central and north-western South America.
Common names include membrillo, sachamango and heaven lotus. The trunk is around 5-10m high with the leaves radiating from the top (like palms).

Ecology
Gustavia superba grows naturally as an understory tree, where it is abundant, especially in secondary forests
. It appreciates abundant moisture, sun and well drained soil. It branches little until mature, and has a bunch of leaves at the top, so that it resembles a palm. Seeds are dispersed by agoutis. The leaves are a favourite food of iguanas.

Fruit
It bears rounded pear shaped fruit, on the trunk (cauliflorous). Inside the hard green shell are several large seeds about 4 cm in diameter. The yellowish-orange pulp is edible, is usually boiled after which it is said to resemble meat in taste. It is rich in A, B and C vitamins.

Distribution
The tree is not widely known outside its native range from Ecuador to Panama and Venezuela, but has been planted in tropical botanical gardens, including in Singapore (where it is referred to as 'pungol') and Australia.

References

superba
Flora of Panama
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Ecuador
Plants described in 1856


Royal Air Force Harrowbeer or more simply RAF Harrowbeer is a former Royal Air Force station situated next to Yelverton in the parish of Buckland Monachorum, Devon, England

Location
RAF Harrowbeer was located approximately  NNE of the city of Plymouth and approximately  south of Tavistock, and also sits within the boundary of Dartmoor National Park. Roborough Rock is a tor-like igneous rock outcrop immediately south-west of the airfield (officially called 'Udal Tor') on Roborough Down, next to the border with the A386. This location created problems for the airfield during the Second World War, mainly due to bad weather. The Rock seems to have had little impact on the use of the Airfield, the only thing that was done by the RAF was the placing of a warning light on the top. There seems to be no truth in the widely-held belief that the RAF attempted to blow it up.

Although sited near the village of Yelverton, it was called 'Harrowbeer' in order to distinguish it from the similar-sounding RNAS Yeovilton which had recently changed its name from HMS Heron when the Airfield opened on 15 August 1941. The airfield was under the control of No. 10 Group RAF and never assigned a station badge.

The former Ravenscroft School became the officers' mess.

Canadian pilot Jack Brown, of 193 Squadron, recounts his first training flight in the relatively new, and daunting, Hawker Typhoon fighter-bomber at Harrowbeer:

"We were understandably in awe of the Tiffie's size and power. We had been warned of the violent effect of torque . . . which caused a swing to the right on takeoff  . . On takeoff, I locked my left leg rigidly on the rudder bar . . . I got off safely . . [but] At times I felt as if the machine was flying me!  . . . [on landing] To make sure I didn't stall it, I came in with a little too much speed. The runways at Harrowbeer were not exceptionally long and I could see a pile of bricks at the end coming up fast. Luckily, the brakes held and the machine stopped in time."
Once 193 Squadron became operational at Harrowbeer, they began patrolling the coast to intercept low level attacks by Focke Wulf Fw 190 fighter-bombers.  The Typhoon patrols against the 190s

". . . were carried out by pairs of aircraft; one right down on the water, the other about a hundred feet up. Several fellows bent the ends of their props when they flew too low and actually touched the sea. We did standby duty, waiting at the end of the runway, ready to take off as soon as a Very pistol was fired from the control tower."

Later, the Typhoon pilots at Harrowbeer also launched attacks on shipping targets on the French coast, the first target being Brest.

Harrowbeer saw its most distinguished visitor arrive on 2nd August 1945, when US President Harry Truman, returning home from the Potsdam Conference, was unable to route via St Mawgan in Cornwall due to it being closed, and his aircraft landed instead at Harrowbeer. Reception formalities were somewhat limited and, after dining with HM The King, who was in Portsmouth, Truman left on his trans-Atlantic flight.

Based units
The airfield opened in May 1941. It closed following the end of the Second World War.

A large number of units used the airfield at some point, such as:

Other units
 No. 19 Group Communications Flight
 No. 78 (Signals) Wing Calibration Flight RAF
 No. 82 Gliding School RAF
 No. 156 (General Reconnaissance) Wing RAF
 Force 135 (RAF Element)
 No. 229 Maintenance Unit RAF
 No. 401 Air Stores Park
 No. 2738 Squadron RAF Regiment
 No. 2847 Squadron RAF Regiment
 No. 2883 Squadron RAF Regiment
 No. 2891 Squadron RAF Regiment

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Dedicated website

Royal Air Force stations in Devon


Giuseppe D'Altrui (born Naples April 7, 1934) is an Italian water polo player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics, in the 1960 Summer Olympics, and in the 1964 Summer Olympics. He is the father of Marco D'Altrui, who also won a water polo gold medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Biography
In 1956 he was a member of the Italian water polo team which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played five matches.

Four years later he won the gold medal with the Italian team in the Olympic tournament. He played six matches and scored one goal. At the 1964 Games he finished again fourth with the Italian team in the Olympic tournament. He played five matches and scored one goal.

See also
 Italy men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of Olympic champions in men's water polo
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame

References

External links

1934 births
Living people
Italian male water polo players
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy in water polo
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Water polo players from Naples


Ray Farningham (born 10 April 1961) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a midfielder for a handful of Scottish clubs. He previously managed Forfar Athletic, Montrose and was the assistant manager of Dundee. Ray is now assistant manager at junior side Lochee United F.C.

Career
Farningham trained as a youth with Dundee United before beginning his senior career with Forfar Athletic, making his debut towards the end of the 1970s. In his seven years at Station Park, Farningham was part of the sides which won the 1983–84 Scottish Second Division title and which earlier reached the 1981–82 Scottish Cup semi-final, losing to Rangers after a replay. Full-time football beckoned for Farningham and he joined Motherwell for £12,000 in 1986. Farningham spent three years at Fir Park before a similar spell at East End Park with Dunfermline Athletic. In the early 1990s, Farningham joined Partick Thistle, again for three years, before returning to his hometown to join Dundee. Two years after signing, Farningham began to combine playing duties with coaching the youngsters at Dens Park, and at the end of his career, returned to first club Forfar on loan, scoring once during his temporary stay.

Following his retirement from playing, Farningham continued as a coach at Dundee, stepping up to coach the senior players before becoming assistant to Jim Duffy. In July 2001 and prior to Duffy's arrival, Farningham received a three-month dugout ban after his behaviour during an under-21 match two months previously. In September 2005, Farningham returned to Forfar as manager, taking over from Brian Fairley, who had resigned. Farningham won his first two matches and kept Forfar in the Second Division but left in May 2006 to become chief scout at divisional rivals Gretna, who had won the championship that season.

Farningham was made redundant in 2008 following Gretna's demise and was working on a building site before returning to Dundee in November 2008 as Jocky Scott's assistant.

Farningham was appointed interim manager of Montrose in March 2011, and given the post permanently in early April.

Farningham returned to Dundee as assistant manager in May 2012.

Honours

Forfar
Scottish Second Division: 1
 1983–84

References

External links
Forfar Athletic Interview

1961 births
Footballers from Dundee
Living people
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Scottish Football League players
Dundee United F.C. players
Forfar Athletic F.C. players
Motherwell F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Partick Thistle F.C. players
Dundee F.C. players
Scottish football managers
Forfar Athletic F.C. managers
Montrose F.C. managers
Gretna F.C.
Scottish Football League managers


Papyrus 73 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓73, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew. The surviving texts of Matthew are verses 25:43; 26:2-3.
The manuscript paleographically has been assigned to the 7th century.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type, but the text is too brief for certainty. Aland placed it in Category V.

It is currently housed at the Bibliotheca Bodmeriana (L) in Cologny.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri
 Bodmer Papyri

References

Further reading

 Kurt Aland, Neue Neutestamentliche Papyri II, NTS 9 (1962-1963), pp. 303–316.

New Testament papyri
7th-century biblical manuscripts
Gospel of Matthew papyri


Ponerorchis hemipilioides is a species of orchid endemic to China, known from only Yunnan and Guizhou. It produces pinkish flowers with purplish spots.

References

Endemic orchids of China
hemipilioides
Endangered plants
Flora of Guizhou
Orchids of Yunnan
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN


Kadriye is a neighbourhood and resort in the municipality and district of Serik, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 9,658 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

Kadriye is Turkey's first Golf Resort and also the first resort with a beach park (Kadriye Beach Park), a theme park (The Land of Legends Kingdom) and luxury golf hotels.

History
It was a municipality between 1994 and 2013.

Geography
Kadriye; distance to Belek 8 km, distance to Serik 15 km, distance to Antalya Airport 20 km and distance to Antalya is 30 km. There are several golf courses and hotels in the town.

References

External links

 Kadriye Information
 Kadriye Official Website

Turkish Riviera
Neighbourhoods in Serik District


Kochu Kochu Santhoshangal () is a 2000 Indian Malayalam-language family drama film written and directed by Sathyan Anthikkad from a story by C. V. Balakrishnan. It stars Jayaram, Lakshmi Gopalaswamy, Kalidas Jayaram, Innocent and Kavya Madhavan. It marked the on-screen debut of Kalidas. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The film won two National Film Awards—Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Best Choreography (for Kala).

Plot

Gopan a single father living with his six-year-old son Achu in Goa works in a petrol pump and as an occasional tourist photographer. A teenager Celin, his neighbour falls in love with him forcing Gopan to reveal that Achu's mother Asha Lakshmi is alive and how they were separated.

Gopan and Asha had a run-away marriage as Asha is from a rich family while Gopan is just a videographer at a local studio. Asha, an admired classical dance artist prior to her marriage, left her career to lead a life with Gopan, becoming a simple housewife. After Achu's birth Maya Varma, a famous classical dance artist, learns of Asha's talent and asks her to join her dance troupe.

Asha's aspiring career starts to conflict with the peaceful life she had with Gopan and their child; this, fueled by tensions between Gopan and Asha's father, results in Gopan leaving with his son, thinking that it would benefit her life and career.

Gopan meets Maya in Goa accidentally but she acts as if she didn't recognize him. Few days later Celin brings Maya to Gopan who reveals that Asha never danced again after Gopan left with his son. Gopan and Asha reunite on the advice of Maya that there should be a balance between art and family life.

Cast
Jayaram as Gopan
Kalidas Jayaram as Ashok Gopan  Achu
Lakshmi Gopalaswamy as Asha Lakshmi (voiced by Bhagyalakshmi)
Innocent as Jose
Kavya Madhavan as Celin (voiced by Sreeja Ravi)
Bhanupriya as Maya Varma
Lalu Alex as Ashok
Siddique as Ramesh
Lena as Deepa
Kalabhavan Mani as Sudhakaran
Urmila Unni as Vilasini
K. P. A. C. Lalitha as Jagadhamma
Oduvil Unnikrishnan as Shekaran
Mala Aravindan as Sankaran
Augustine as Mathews
Thesni Khan as herself
Valsala Menon as Asha's grandmother
Yamuna as Elizabeth
Babu Swamy as Andrews

Production
Jayaram signed into play the male lead along with his son Kalidas Jayaram marking his debut as an actor. It was K. P. A. C. Lalitha who suggested the name of Kalidas for the film. For the female lead role, Meenakshi Sheshadri was considered but Lakshmi Gopalaswamy was eventually signed for the role. Bollywood actress Hema Malini had signed to play another important role but was replaced by South Indian actress Bhanupriya. Samyuktha Varma signed into play the role of Celine but opted out due to prior commitments, and later Sukanya was considered for the role and finally Kavya Madhavan played the role. The film was shot in Panaji, Goa.

Soundtrack

Accolades

References

External links

2000s Malayalam-language films
2000 films
2000s romance films
Indian romantic drama films
Indian family films
Films shot in Goa
Films shot in Kozhikode
Films with screenplays by Sathyan Anthikad
Films directed by Sathyan Anthikad
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
Films featuring a Best Choreography National Film Award-winning choreography
Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners


USS Verdin was a  of the US Navy that served during World War II. Laid down as PCS-1439 on 5 September 1943 at Jacksonville, Florida, by the Gibbs Gas Engine Co.; redesignated YMS-471 on 27 September 1943; launched on 23 May 1944; and commissioned on 27 October 1944.

Service history

World War II
Following brief shakedown training, YMS-471 proceeded to Charleston, South Carolina, and began escorting coastwise convoys and conducting minesweeping operations. That duty ended in April 1945 when she was transferred to the Pacific Fleet. After a long voyage which took her by way of the Panama Canal, San Diego, Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, Guam, and Saipan, the minesweeper finally joined the 3rd Fleet off Okinawa in June. During the last week of the month, she and the other ships of Mine Squadron (MinRon) 105 swept mines from the Buckner Bay, Kerama Retto, and Unten Ko areas of the Ryukyus. In July, YMS-471 ventured into the East China Sea for mine disposal operations.

Post-war
At the time Japan capitulated, the minesweeper was undergoing repairs at San Pedro Bay, Leyte, Philippines. Soon thereafter, she headed north to begin the monumental job of clearing mines from waters around Japan for transports bringing American occupation forces and supporting shipping. She concentrated on sweeping the approaches to the island of Honshū and remained at the task from 8 September 1945 until 20 February 1946, when she began preparations for the voyage back to the United States. The minesweeper reached the west coast in April 1946 and returned home to Charleston in June to begin demobilization.

Though never actually decommissioned, she remained inactive at Charleston until early in 1947, when she embarked upon a refresher training cruise in the West Indies. She also participated in a fleet exercise held off Cuba. On 18 March 1947, near the conclusion of the exercise, YMS-471 was renamed Verdin and was re-designated AMS-38. After a tour of duty at Yorktown, Virginia, serving as a training platform for the students of the Mine Warfare School, Verdin returned to Charleston in November where she remained until the following spring. In April 1948, she entered the Charleston Naval Shipyard for repairs and then put to sea once again for refresher training put of Norfolk, Virginia. In November, the minesweeper participated in cold weather fleet exercises off Newfoundland before returning to warmer waters.

This time, she reported to Panama City, Florida, for duty at the Navy's mine countermeasures research facility. For the next six years, Verdin alternated between mine warfare research duty at Panama City and mine warfare school ship operations at Yorktown. Periodic overhauls, mine and convoy exercises, and refresher training punctuated these two primary assignments. In November 1954, Verdin transferred back to Charleston where she became flagship for Mine Division 43. She spent her last eight active months there as an operational unit of the Mine Force. On 7 February 1955, she was redesignated MSC(O)-38. On 1 July 1955, she reported to Green Cove Springs, Florida, for inactivation. There, she went into reserve on 30 August 1955. A little over four years later, on 1 November 1959, her name was struck from the Navy List. No documents have been found giving details of her final disposition.

References

External links
 Photo gallery at navsource.org

PCS-1376-class minesweepers
YMS-1-class minesweepers of the United States Navy
Ships built in Jacksonville, Florida
1944 ships
World War II minesweepers of the United States


Auldbar Road railway station was located near the town of Guthrie in the Scottish county of Angus.

History
Opened by the Arbroath and Forfar Railway, and absorbed into the Caledonian Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. Passing on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948, it was then closed by the British Transport Commission.

The site today
Although the wooden buildings on the platforms have gone the platforms, and some other buildings such as the station house and signal box remain.

References

Notes

Sources

 Auldbar Road station on navigable O. S. map
 Disused stations

External links
 RAILSCOT on Arbroath and Forfar Railway

Disused railway stations in Angus, Scotland
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1838
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1956
Former Caledonian Railway stations
1838 establishments in Scotland
1956 disestablishments in Scotland


The 2008 Gulf Air Desert 400 was the twelfth round of the 2008 V8 Supercar season. It was held on the weekend of the 6 to 8 November at the Bahrain International Circuit in Bahrain.

Qualifying
Qualifying was held on Friday 7 November 2008.

Race 1
Race 1 was held on Friday 7 November 2008. Whincup leapt away while a fierce dice erupted between Lowndes, Todd Kelly and Tander. A forceful move on the second lap saw Kelly muscle his way past Lowndes and Tander. Steven Johnson slipped into third behind Kelly as Tander and Lowndes were slow away from the hairpin. Further back in the pack a tangle saw Michael Patrizi and Mark Skaife spun backwards, also tangling with Michael Caruso, Jason Richards and Andrew Thompson, bringing out the safety car. Skaife, Richards and Patrizi had too much damage to continue.

At the restart Steven Johnson clawed into second briefly before dropping back behind Kelly again. Lowndes took third from Johnson. Lap 9 saw Whincup, Kelly, James Courtney and Russell Ingall to put of the front runners. The following lap saw Lowndes, Tander, Will Davison and Mark Winterbottom. A slow stop and exit saw Lowndes leap frog Kelly into second place. Tander moved into fourth ahead of Courtney while Davison pulled over at pit exit, overcome by fumes. Fabian Coulthard spun into the turn 4 sand trap after contact from Jason Bright, for which Bright later was given a drive-through penalty. The resultant safety car triggered Johnson's pit stop from the lead with Rick Kelly and Steven Richards also stopping.

At the restart Whincup, Lowndes and Todd Kelly leapt away while further back in the field on the second lap contact between Tander and Winterbottom saw Tander spun in front of the pack. Tander dropped to the tail of the field while Winterbottom was assigned a drive-through penalty. Coulthard stopped out on the track trying to limp a car home with a punctured front right tyre and Patrizi spun Jack Perkins around.

Paul Morris briefly held fourth on pit stop strategy but soon lost places to Lee Holdsworth, Courtney and team-mate Ingall. Todd Kelly was controversially given a drive-through penalty, taking away his, and the team's, best result of the season, for over-taking the safety car at its second deployment.

Team Vodafone continued on to claim a race 1-2, ahead of Holdsworth, Ingall, Courtney, Johnson, Shane van Gisbergen, Steven Richards, Rick Kelly and Greg Murphy.

Race 2
Race 2 was held on Saturday 8 November 2008. Whincup leap away with Ingall in pursuit ahead of battling pair Courtney and Lowndes with Johnson. Holdsworth overtook Van Gisbergen for sixth.

Paul Dumbrell spun on the second lap after contact with Michael Caruso. Local Bahraini guest driver Fahad Al Musalem stopped with a broken gearbox in the Team Kiwi Ford. Andrew Thompson spun and stopped at turn 1 after the right rear tyre delaminated, triggering a safety car.

At the restart Whincup led from Ingall, Lowndes, Courtney, Holdsworth, Richards, Johnson and Winterbottom. Richards pounced on Holdsworth at turn 1 while further Todd Kelly picked off a few cars including Garth Tander. Van Gisbergen was smoking at the front left corner tyre rubbing after contact Van Gisbergen lost control, hitting Jack Perkins and spinning Rick Kelly. Van Gisbergen later received a drive-through penalty.

A fierce dice between Courtney and Winterbottom saw the Ford Performance Racing driver move into fourth place on lap 23, the following lap Steven Richards got Courtney as well, with Holdsworth and Todd Kelly closing behind. The dice between those three became hard fought with Courtney suffering for tyre grip but still plenty of power with Will Davison joining the fight by lap 26.

Whincup raced on to win from Ingall, Lowndes, Winterbottom, Richards, Todd Kelly, Courtney, Johnson, Morris and Davison.

Race 3
Race 3 was held on Saturday 8 November 2008. Russell Ingall led from the start, fighting with Jamie Whincup for the lead with Lowndes and Winterbottom fighting for third.

Third lap into the first corner and Steven Johnson ran into the back of Todd Kelly, spinning the Jack Daniels Commodore. Will Davison ran into his team-mate Johnson. Jason Bright and Mark Skaife made contact with Skaife then hitting his teammate Garth Tander. Skaife was out on the spot with Tander pitting for a new right rear tyre.

At the restart Ingall again overtook Whincup. Whincup later retook the lead prior to the beginning of the compulsory pit stops.

During the stops Craig Lowndes was able to get the better of Mark Winterbottom for what would become third position. Safety was called for Todd Kelly's expired Commodore, the car stopped on the circuit

Rick Kelly and Cameron McConville made contact and spun while the bunched field at the restart allowed James Courtney to pass Winterbottom, then move into third by taking advantage of a slow-out-of-the-corner Russell Ingall who had just lost second to Lowndes. On lap 25 Courtney pounced on Lowndes and brakes for second. Lap 28 saw Winterbottom take fourth from Ingall.

Whincup pulled clear of Courtney who by race end had to defend from Lowndes. The result saw the first ever 1-2 finish for Team Vodafone. Fifth spot behind Winterbottom was enough for Russell Ingall to claim third for the round, the best Holden driver for the weekend.

Results

Qualifying

Standings
After round 12 of 14.

Support categories
The 2008 Desert 400 of the V8 Supercar Championship had three support categories.

References

External links
Official timing and results

Gulf Air Desert 400
Gulf Air Desert 400


Vyacheslav Leonidovich Gerashchenko (; ; born 25 July 1972) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player who is the manager of Dnepr Mogilev.

Club career
Gerashchenko played for Chernomorets Novorossiysk, CSKA Moscow and Uralan Elista in the Russian Premier League. He retired after rupturing his Achilles tendon at age 34.

International career
Gerashchenko made 19 appearances for the Belarus national team.

Honours
Slavia Mozyr
Belarusian Premier League: 2000

References

External links

Living people
1972 births
Footballers from Mogilev
Belarusian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Belarusian expatriate men's footballers
Belarus men's international footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Russian Premier League players
FC Dnepr Mogilev players
FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
PFC CSKA Moscow players
FC Elista players
FC Belshina Bobruisk players
FC Torpedo Mogilev players
FC Slavia Mozyr players
FC Naftan Novopolotsk players
FC Savit Mogilev players
Belarusian football managers
Belarusian expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Lithuania
FC Dnepr Mogilev managers
FC Belshina Bobruisk managers
FC Lida managers
FC Gomel managers
FK Palanga managers
FC Smorgon managers
FC Naftan Novopolotsk managers
Soviet men's footballers


is a railway station in Ōmura, Nagasaki, Japan, operated by the Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu).

Lines
Shin-Ōmura Station is served by the Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen and the Ōmura Line.

Platforms
The station consists of 1 side platforms for the Omura Line and 2 side platforms for the Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen totalling to three tracks.

History
Shin-Ōmura Station opened on 23 September 2022 when the Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen began revenue service.

References

External links

 Station website (in Japanese)

Railway stations in Nagasaki Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 2022


The 1998 Madrid motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 1998 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 14 June 1998 at the Circuito Permanente del Jarama. It was held to replace the Portuguese Grand Prix due to homologation issues of the Autódromo do Estoril.

500 cc classification

250 cc classification

125 cc classification

Championship standings after the race (500cc)

Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round six has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

Madrid motorcycle Grand Prix
Madrid
Madrid Grand Prix
1990s in Madrid


Revolution is a series of track cycling events primarily held at the Manchester Velodrome in the north west of England. It was solely held in Manchester between 2003 and 2012. From Season 10 (2012–2013) meetings have been held additionally at the new UK velodromes; in the Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome, Glasgow, the Olympic Velodrome, London from Season 11 (2013–2014) and the Derby Arena from 2015 to 2016.

The series comprises four or five meetings each year, held between October and February, on Saturday evenings. The series showcases various top cyclists, both British and international, and is well attended by spectators. The recent success of the British team, including Chris Hoy's triple gold at the 2008 Summer Olympics and double gold-winning performance at the 2012 Summer Olympics has meant that the events now regularly sell out in advance.

Concept
The series was founded in 2003, with the main aim of providing regular track cycling events for fans to attend in Manchester. Previously, track cycling fans were generally only able to attend one international event in Manchester each year, usually a round of the UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics series, or as in 2000, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships. The only other events held regularly at the velodrome were events such as the British National Track Championships, which have a lower profile and therefore attracted smaller crowds.

An organisation management company, Face Partnership, was brought in to attempt to create a series providing regular top level events at the velodrome. The aim was to provide racing for existing fans and attract new fans to the sport, raising its profile as a sport in United Kingdom. It was also intended to give British riders the opportunity to take part in high quality racing during the winter. It was decided that the series would consist of four events throughout the season. Admission costs were fixed at an affordable level, originally £8 for an adult ticket, in order to enable families to attend. Family tickets were available for around £20, making the Revolution a considerably more affordable event to attend in comparison to other sports, such as football.

The first event was held in October 2003 and was attended by a good sized crowd. The event featured big British names like Bradley Wiggins, Rob Hayles, Chris Newton, John Scripps and David Millar. The series also rapidly attracted the attention of track sprinters from continental Europe, who took advantage of the opportunity to sharpen their skills against top-class fields without the levels of pressure experienced in World Cup events. The event continued to grow in stature and profile from this solid start, exceeding expected attendance targets along the way. Revolution 7 in early 2005 saw the series achieve its first near capacity crowd, the start of the event had to be delayed to allow the crowds into the venue. Revolution 14 was the series' first complete sell out, with some ticketless fans turned away. From early 2008 onwards the events began to sell out in advance.

The Revolution is also expanding into a global series, CotterPin has licensed the concept in Australia. The first Revolution Australia event was held in the Darebin International Sports Centre, Melbourne on 24 November 2007. There were over 3,000 spectators present at Australia's Revolution 1.

In July 2008, the Aftermarket company signed a deal with Face Partnership to create an expo area in the track centre at each event. This takes advantage of the captive audience and precise target consumers present at each Revolution.

Each Revolution meeting consists of a fast-paced, packed programme of races. The evening lasts for between 3 hours and 3 hours 45 minutes and typically involves around twenty events. Each event has three categories of racing including sprint and endurance, and the "Future Stars" series. Live PA duties at the events are carried out by the BBC commentator and cyclist, Hugh Porter.

In 2011–12, ITV4 broadcast a one-hour highlights show on Monday evenings following each Revolution meeting.

In September 2015 it was announced that Eurosport would broadcast live coverage of five rounds of the 2015–16 series.

In April 2016 a collaboration between FACE Partnership and Velon, an organisation representing 11 UCI WorldTeams, was announced to expand the Revolution series internationally as the Revolution Champions League, with the inaugural Champions League competition being held across three consecutive weekends in November and December 2016. The competition is planned to feature a total of 12 teams, of which eight will be drawn from the World Tour ranks. In June 2016 seven WorldTeams were confirmed as participants in the first Champions League, which would consist of six rounds held over three back-to-back weekends in Manchester, London and a third venue abroad, which was confirmed the following month as the Vélodrome National in Paris. However shortly before the Paris meeting was due to take place FACE Partnership announced that it would be postponed to the following season.

Overview

Competitions

Sprint racing

Each meeting features a main Revolution Sprint competition, alongside other various events including the Keirin and Team sprint. The sprint competition is usually a straight knock out event, typically with a first round, semifinal and final. For some events a sprint omnium has taken place, with all riders facing each other at some point during the evening and the most successful winning overall. A male sprinting competition usually takes place at each event, with Women's sprinting generally appearing for one event each year also.

The events featured alongside the main sprint competition are tailored to the card of sprinters appearing and has included various challenges and revenge matches over the years. They regularly attract major British names and a host of international challenges. The list of World and Olympic Champions to have appeared include Chris Hoy, Theo Bos, Arnaud Tournant, Jason Kenny, Victoria Pendleton, Jamie Staff, Jens Fiedler, Grégory Baugé, Ross Edgar, Craig MacLean, Jason Queally, René Wolff, Jan van Eijden, Florian Rousseau, Stefan Nimke, Maximilian Levy, Teun Mulder, Robert Förstemann, Mickaël Bourgain, Willy Kanis, Matthew Rotherham, Christina Muche and Clara Sanchez.

Endurance racing
Every Revolution event has included elite endurance field of riders, racing over a number of events throughout the night. Events featured include the points race, scratch race, Madison, individual pursuit, team pursuit, motor-paced scratch race and devil elimination scratch race. Typically the blue ribbon Madison feature race takes place once a year and is named the Isaac Gálvez Memorial Madison. This is in memory of the Spanish rider who died during the Ghent Six Day meeting in 2006 while he was World Madison Champion. This was one week before he was due to appear at Revolution 15.

The endurance racing attracts both major track riders and stars of the road, throwing up a number of unique contests over the years. The list of major names (on the track or the road) to have appeared include Bradley Wiggins, Mark Cavendish, Geraint Thomas, Ed Clancy, Joan Llaneras, Paul Manning, Bradley McGee, Chris Newton, Rob Hayles, Sergi Escobar, Steve Cummings, Stuart O'Grady, Iljo Keisse, Matthew Gilmore, Franco Marvulli, Bruno Risi, David Millar, Peter Schep, Robert Slippens, Nicole Cooke, Rebecca Romero and Graeme Obree.

Feature and exclusive races
As well including the major events from the World Championships and Olympics, the Revolution series also tries to feature some unique and exclusive races at its events. The Madison 1 km time trial is one such exclusive event. This event is a major crowd pleaser and takes place at each event. This is run over 1 km, four laps of the track, and consists of two riders running two laps each. After the first rider has completed their laps they do a Madison hand sling with their partner and they then complete the final two laps. While this by nature is an endurance riders event, its one kilometre distance has also meant that sprinters have also tasted success.

An early record for this event was set by Mark Cavendish and Ed Clancy at 58.5 Seconds at Revolution 7 in January 2005. This record stood until sprinters Craig MacLean and Arnaud Tournant, set a new record of 55.1 seconds at Revolution 16 in January 2007. This was then further bettered when Tournant teamed up with Chris Hoy at Revolution 20 in February 2008. Tournant had a shoulder injury which prevented the duo doing a proper hand sling change over, however they still posted a record time of 54.4 seconds. This record stood until being broken by Ed Clancy and Ollie Wood in 2014.

A new challenge event added to the programme in 2008 was the sprinters v pursuiters challenge. The first of these races took place at Revolution 21. This saw members of the GB Team sprint squad, Jamie Staff, Jason Kenny and Ross Edgar, face off against members of the GB team pursuit squad, Ed Clancy, Geraint Thomas and Steven Burke. The race took place over three laps with a flying start, so very much was a mix between the sprint and endurance disciplines. Due to the three lap length of the race, the same as the Team Sprint event, it was expected by its nature to favour the sprint squad. However it was noted that the endurance squad regularly carry out similar short drills during training, so the playing field was quite level going into the event. The endurance squad were able to turn the flying start to their advantage and took a clean victory over the sprinters.

A rematch took place at Revolution 22, with the race extended to four laps with a standing start on this occasion. Matthew Crampton joined the sprint squad and Rob Hayles joined the endurance squad. The fast start of Jamie Staff allowed the sprint squad to take revenge and level the series. It is expected that this unique challenge event may return at future events.

Other special events have included the Geoff Thomas Charity Challenge Race at Revolution 20. This involved Geoff captaining a team of riders against England Rugby World Cup winning Captain, now England coach, the 6 ft 7 inches tall Martin Johnson. This was a 5 lap team sprint style challenge race, with each team including star riders like Chris Hoy, Victoria Pendleton, Arnaud Tournant and Peter Schep. The teams were drawn at the start of the evening, equally sharing out the riders. Team Thomas won by 0.1 seconds and raised a good sum of money for the Geoff Thomas Charity Foundation.

Women's omnium
The second round of the 2012–2013 Revolution series (round 38 in Manchester) included a women's omnium event. The Dutch Marianne Vos won, including the elimination race, this omnium event ahead of the British Lizzie Armitstead. Ellen van Dijk from the Netherlands won the points race, Katie Colclough the scratch race and the British team the team pursuit.

Future Stars series
Alongside the senior racing, the Future Stars competition also runs at each Revolution event. This series involves young riders, usually 14- to 16-year-olds and provides them to race in front of big crowds from an early age. They are put through a number of sprint and endurance races. Points are scored in each race and count towards the overall leader board. The winner is crowned at the end of the four meeting series.

Some youngsters of these series became later elite athletes. Including Jason Kenny, who by the age of 24 already three gold Olympic medals and one silver. Another multiple Olympic Champion is Laura Trott, who won two gold medals at London 2012 at the age of 20 years. Other Olympic medalists include Steven Burke (one gold and one bronze), Peter Kennaugh (one gold), Dani King (one gold) and Lizzie Armitstead (one silver). The London 2012 Olympic squad included a large numbers of riders to have come through the series.

References

External links

 The Revolution Series
 British Cycling for Revolution reports and photos

Track cycling races
Cycle races in the United Kingdom
Recurring sporting events established in 2003
Cycle racing series
Cycle races in England


Ponerorchis is a genus of Asian terrestrial tuberous orchids (family Orchidaceae). It is native to temperate Eurasia, from Poland to Japan, to the north of the Indian subcontinent and to northern Indochina.

They can be found in evergreen forests and meadows in temperate, mountainous regions. The species  Ponerorchis chidorii, endemic to Japan, is also known to grow epiphytically.

In the horticultural trade, this genus is abbreviated as "Pnr". A wide range of mostly cultivars of Ponerorchis graminifolia are in cultivation, but are rarely grown outside Japan.

Description
Ponerorchis species grow from an ovoid tuber. They are slender plants with one to three usually slightly fleshy leaves. The flowers are all borne on the same side of the stem. The upper sepal and the two lateral petals form a hood. The column is short and has obvious side appendages. There is a rostellum separating the pollinia from the stigma.

The genus was substantially expanded in 2014, so older descriptions do not necessarily apply to the revised genus. Ponerorchis was said to be differentiated from Amitostigma and Neottianthe by the presence of a bursicle or "sac" around the viscidium (a sticky pad at the base of the pollinium). However, this feature was found to be present in some species formerly assigned to Amitostigma and to be difficult to detect in some species of Ponerorchis. In the expanded genus, a bursicle is present is some species and not in others.

Taxonomy

Phylogeny and classification
The genus Ponerorchis was erected by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1852 for the species Ponerorchis graminifolia. Phylogenetic studies between 1997 and 2003 showed that Ponerorchis, when broadly defined, formed a clade with the genera Amitostigma, Neottianthe and Hemipilia. Ponerorchis, as then circumscribed, was not monophyletic. In 2003, in advance of further studies involving more species, Ponerorchis was broadened to include Chusua, and an "orphan" species was transferred from Ponerorchis to become Hemipilia brevicalcarata. A more detailed molecular phylogenetic study in 2014 confirmed the strong relationship between Amitostigma, Neottianthe and Ponerorchis, whose species were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. Amitostigma and Neottianthe were subsumed into Ponerorchis, making it a considerably larger genus.

Ponerorchis was previously distinguished from related genera by the presence of bursicles (pouchlike receptacles) enclosing the pollinia. The presence or absence of a bursicle was found not to be a useful diagnostic character, having arisen independently at least four times in the Orchideae.

Ponerorchis is placed in the orchid subfamily Orchidoideae, tribe Orchideae, subtribe Orchidineae. After the genera were re-circumscribed as explained above, the relationship between Ponerorchis and the rest of the subtribe is as shown in the cladogram below.

Species
Species accepted as of March 2018:

 Ponerorchis alpestris (Fukuy.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – N. & Central Taiwan
 Ponerorchis amplexifolia (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis basifoliata (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (S.E. Sichuan, N. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis bidupensis (Aver.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – S. Vietnam
 Ponerorchis bifoliata (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (N. Sichuan, S. Gansu)
 Ponerorchis brevicalcarata (Finet) Soó – China (S.W. Sichuan to N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis camptoceras (Rolfe ex Hemsl.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (W. & S.W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis capitata (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (Sichuan, W. Hubei)
 Ponerorchis chidorii (Makino) Ohwi – Japan
 Ponerorchis chusua (D.Don) Soó – Siberia to Himalaya
 Ponerorchis compacta (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis crenulata Soó – China (N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis cucullata (L.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – Poland to Japan and Himalaya
 Ponerorchis dolichocentra (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis exilis (Ames & Schltr.) S.C.Chen – China (Central & N.E. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis faberi (Rolfe) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (Sichuan, N.W. Yunnan, N.E. Guizhou)
 Ponerorchis farreri (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – S.E. Tibet to China (N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis fujisanensis (K.Inoue) J.M.H.Shaw – N. & Central Japan
 Ponerorchis gonggashanica (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (S.W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis gracilis (Blume) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China to Temp. E. Asia
 Ponerorchis graminifolia Rchb.f. – Korea, S. Central & S. Japan
 Ponerorchis hemipilioides (Finet) Soó – China (N.W. Yunnan, Central Guizhou)
 Ponerorchis joo-iokiana (Makino) Nakai – N. Korea, Japan (Central Honshu)
 Ponerorchis keiskei (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – Japan (W. Honshu. Shikoku)
 Ponerorchis kinoshitae (Makino) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – S. Kuril Islands to Japan (Hokkaido, N. Honshu)
 Ponerorchis kiraishiensis (Hayata) Ohwi – Taiwan
 Ponerorchis lepida (Rchb.f.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – Japan (S. Kyushu) to Central Nansei-shoto
 Ponerorchis limprichtii (Schltr.) Soó – Central China
 Ponerorchis luteola (K.Y.Lang & S.C.Chen) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis monantha (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – S.E. Tibet to Central China
 Ponerorchis oblonga (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis omeishanica (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen – China (Sichuan: Emei Shan)
 Ponerorchis ovata (K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis papilionacea (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (N.W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis parceflora (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (N.E. Sichuan, Chongqing)
 Ponerorchis pathakiana (Av.Bhattacharjee) J.M.H.Shaw – Arunachal Pradesh
 Ponerorchis physoceras (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (N.W. & W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis puberula (King & Pantl.) Verm. – E. Himalaya
 Ponerorchis pugeensis (K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale – China (S.W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis renzii Deva & H.B.Naithani – W. Himalaya
 Ponerorchis secundiflora (Kraenzl.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – Himalaya to China (W. Sichuan, N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis sichuanica (K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale – China (W. Sichuan)
 Ponerorchis simplex (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (W. Sichuan, N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis taiwanensis (Fukuy.) Ohwi – Central & S. Taiwan
 Ponerorchis takasago-montana (Masam.) Ohwi – Central & E. Taiwan
 Ponerorchis tetraloba (Finet) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (S.W. Sichuan, W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis thailandica (Seidenf. & Thaithong) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – N. Thailand
 Ponerorchis tibetica (Schltr.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – S.E. Tibet to China (N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis tominagae (Hayata) H.J.Su & Jr J.Chen – Taiwan
 Ponerorchis trifurcata (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (N.W. Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis wenshanensis (W.H.Chen, Y.M.Shui & K.Y.Lang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – China (Yunnan)
 Ponerorchis yueana (Tang & F.T.Wang) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – S.E. Tibet to China (N.W. Yunnan)

Distribution
Ponerorchis species are widely distributed in Eurasia, mainly in temperate regions, but extending into northern Indo-China. In Europe, they are found in Poland and Eastern Europe. In temperate Asia, they extend from Siberia to the Russian Far East, Mongolia, China and Eastern Asia. They are also found in the north of the Indian subcontinent (the western Himalayas, Nepal, the eastern Himalayas and the Assam region) and in northern Indochina (Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam).

References

External links

 Ponerorchis

Orchideae genera
Flora of Poland
Flora of Eastern Europe
Flora of Siberia
Flora of the Russian Far East
Flora of China
Flora of Mongolia
Flora of Eastern Asia
Flora of Assam (region)
Flora of East Himalaya
Flora of Nepal
Flora of West Himalaya
Flora of Myanmar
Flora of Thailand
Flora of Vietnam


The Accession Declaration Act 1910 is an Act which was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to alter the declaration that the Sovereign is required to make at their accession to the throne as first required by the Bill of Rights 1689. In it, they solemnly declare themself to be faithful to the Protestant faith. The altered declaration is as follows:

"I [here insert the name of the Sovereign] do solemnly and sincerely in the presence of God profess, testify, and declare that I am a faithful Protestant, and that I will, according to the true intent of the enactments which secure the Protestant succession to the Throne of my Realm, uphold and maintain the said enactments to the best of my powers according to law."

This declaration differs from the original one in that it places emphasis on the sovereign being a Protestant, whereas the previous wording placed emphasis on denunciation of Catholicism. The declaration is usually made either at the opening of the first parliament of the new monarch's reign (i.e. during the State Opening of Parliament) or if earlier, as in the cases of George VI and Charles III, at their coronation.

Background
The Bill of Rights of 1689 required, among other things, that any monarch succeeding to the throne take the declaration as laid out by the Test Act of 1678; Reiterated by section 2 of the Act of Settlement 1701. The form of the declaration was:
I, A. B., by the grace of God King (or Queen) of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, do solemnly and sincerely in the presence of God, profess, testify, and declare, that I do believe that in the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper there is not any Transubstantiation of the elements of bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ at or after the consecration thereof by any person whatsoever: and that the invocation or adoration of the Virgin Mary or any other Saint, and the Sacrifice of the Mass, as they are now used in the Church of Rome, are superstitious and idolatrous. And I do solemnly in the presence of God profess, testify, and declare that I do make this declaration, and every part thereof, in the plain and ordinary sense of the words read unto me, as they are commonly understood by English Protestants, without any such dispensation from any person or authority or person whatsoever, or without thinking that I am or can be acquitted before God or man, or absolved of this declaration or any part thereof, although the Pope, or any other person or persons, or power whatsoever, should dispense with or annul the same or declare that it was null and void from the beginning".'Charles II, 1678: (Stat. 2.) An Act for the more effectuall preserving the Kings Person and Government by disableing Papists from sitting in either House of Parlyament.', in Statutes of the Realm: Volume 5, 1628-80, ed. John Raithby (s.l, 1819), pp. 894-896. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol5/pp894-896 [accessed 18 March 2016].

The declaration, in that form, was originally administered under the Test Acts to all civil and military officials of the Crown, including the monarch him/herself (starting with William and Mary). Following Catholic Emancipation, the law was changed to require only the monarch (who remained Supreme Head of the Church of England) to take the oath. However, when Edward VII took the throne, he was unhappy at the pointedly anti-Catholic wording of the oath (viewing it as outdated and unnecessarily offensive to Catholics, of whom he had several in his private social circle), and wished to have it changed before the next succession. When he died in 1910, his successor, George V, who agreed with his father's sentiments, made it known that he would refuse to open parliament as long as he was obliged to make the declaration in its then-current form. Prime Minister H. H. Asquith agreed with the King, and the Act was passed through the then-sitting parliament before the new King was required to open the new parliament.

See also
 Accession Council
 Coronation Oath Act 1688
 Succession to the British throne
 Test Act

Footnotes

References

External links

1910 in Christianity
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1910
August 1910 events
British monarchy
George V
H. H. Asquith
Protestantism in the United Kingdom


The 1998 Dutch TT was the seventh round of the 1998 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 27 June 1998 at the TT Circuit Assen located in Assen, Netherlands.

500 cc classification

250 cc classification

125 cc classification

Championship standings after the race (500cc)

Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round seven has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

Dutch TT
Dutch
Tourist Trophy