Garbhan Downey (born 24 February 1966) is a novelist and editor from Derry, Northern Ireland. He is the former Director of Communications and Marketing for Culture Company 2013, which delivered Derry's City of Culture year.

Biography
Derry-born Downey cut his teeth in journalism, editing University College Galway’s student magazine in the late 1980s. After graduating with an MSc in computing from the University of Ulster, he worked as an entertainment columnist for the Derry Journal and then as a staff reporter with the Londonderry Sentinel, before moving to the Irish News to become the paper’s Derry correspondent.

His offbeat reports of the 1994 World Cup for the Irish News were subsequently compiled for his first book, Just One Big Party.
Downey spent six years as a BBC news producer in Derry and Belfast, before joining the Derry News as editor in 2001. During his period as editor (2001–2004), the Derry News won two Newspaper Society awards for Fastest Circulation Growth in the UK.

Since 2004, he has published six comic novels set in the criminal underbelly of post-ceasefire Ireland. His books have been described as "a superb blend of comedy, political dirty tricks, grisly murder and bizarre twists".

A former deputy-president of the Union of Students in Ireland, Downey was one of the organisers of a student occupation of government offices in Dublin on Budget Day 1988 in protest against education cutbacks.

Downey is a product of St Columb's College, the Catholic grammar school whose past pupils include John Hume, Seamus Heaney and Brian Friel.

In June 2002, the Police Service of Northern Ireland got a court order to force Downey to hand over pictures the Derry News had captured of the Real IRA attacking a communications post.

In 2006, he helped establish the new Northern Ireland literary review Verbal and edited the publication for its first six issues.

A lifelong political anorak, in 2007, he worked as an election pundit for TV3 (Ireland), alongside the Irish comedian Brendan O’Carroll. In 2010, he won a contest to predict the winners of Northern Ireland's 18 Westminster constituencies, missing out on just one, Naomi Long, who surprisingly beat First Minister Peter Robinson in East Belfast. Downey donated his prize, a framed Ian Knox cartoon, to Ms Long by way of apology.

His 2010 comedy-thriller The American Envoy was the first novel issued by an Irish publishing house as a Kindle e-book, simultaneously with its paperback release.

In June 2011, he was appointed Director of Media for Culture Company 2013, the body tasked with delivering Derry's UK City of Culture year.

Downey is married to Una McNally, and they have two children Fiachra (1998) and Bronagh (2003).

Bibliography
Just One Big Party (1994)
Creggan: More Than A History (2000) with Michael McGuinness
Private Diary of a Suspended MLA (2004)
Off Broadway (2005)
Running Mates (2007)
Yours Confidentially (2008)
City of Music: Derry's Music Heritage (2009) with Declan Carlin
War of the Blue Roses (2009)
Invisible Lives: Stories of Adults with Learning Disabilities Editor (2009)
The American Envoy (2010)
Requiems for the Departed with Ken Bruen, Maxim Jakubowski, Stuart Neville et al. (2010)
Across the Line (2012)

Notes

References
City of Music. Belfast Music, 14 Jan 2009
Garbhan Downey Culture Northern Ireland 18 May 2009

External links
 Garbhan Downey’s homepage
 Guildhall Press
 Blackstaff Press

1966 births
Living people
Writers from Derry (city)
Male novelists from Northern Ireland
Crime fiction writers from Northern Ireland
Print editors
20th-century novelists from Northern Ireland
21st-century novelists from Northern Ireland
20th-century British male writers
21st-century British male writers
People educated at St Columb's College


"Llamado de Emergencia" () is the second single by Puerto Rican reggaeton artist Daddy Yankee from the soundtrack to the motion picture Talento de Barrio, released on September 23, 2008, by El Cartel Records. It is the third released promo single and second official single.

As part of Daddy Yankee's goal to experiment with different latin musical styles, the song is a fusion of reggaeton and even Colombian styles of vallenato.

Music video
The music video features Daddy Yankee waiting in a car, with his soon-to-be next single, "¿Qué Tengo Que Hacer?" playing. A woman shows up to his car, revealed to be his girlfriend, having arrived late. She and him start having an argument in a car. Soon afterwards, Yankee pulls out and gets into a car crash, leaving fatal injuries on his girlfriend. It is soon reported to 9-1-1, leaving Yankee to only reminisce about the memories he has of them spending time together, later going to her funeral to bring flowers to her body, but seeing her in a chair, crying.  He then goes to see the body, and it is revealed he is the one who has died.  Remembering everything, he awakes in the car that he was at the start, with her coming up to the car again, revealing it was a dream. This time he does not argue with her. The video was directed by Luis Enrique.

Charts

References

External links
 "Llamado de Emergencia" music video at YouTube

Spanish-language songs
Daddy Yankee songs
2008 singles
Songs written by Daddy Yankee
2008 songs
Interscope Records singles


The 1878 Atlantic hurricane season lasted from the summer through much of the fall. Records show that 1878 featured a relatively active hurricane season. A total of twelve storms were observed during the year. There were twelve tropical storms, eight hurricanes and two major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. Of the known 1878 cyclones, both Hurricane Three and Hurricane Four were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz, who also proposed large changes to the known tracks of Hurricanes Two, Seven and Eight. Further analysis from 2000 onwards extended the duration of Hurricane Three by one day and identified major track changes for Hurricane Five.

Season summary

The Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) recognizes twelve tropical cyclones for 1878 in the Atlantic basin; two were tropical storms and ten were hurricanes. This season caused a total of 108 fatalities. The most notable hurricane of the 1878 Atlantic season was Hurricane Eleven or the Gale of 1878. This hurricane caused at least 72 fatalities in Cuba and the United States. Estimated damage from this storm amounted to $2 million.
The first storm of 1878 was Tropical Storm One, which formed in the Gulf of Mexico on July 1. It impacted Florida and weakened to a tropical depression over land but regained some intensity when it emerged into the Atlantic. It brought high winds and heavy rainfall as far as North Carolina. Hurricane Two grew from a tropical storm near the Leeward Islands to impact Mexico as a Category 1 hurricane on August 18. Hurricane Three was a Category 1 hurricane that existed in the mid-Atlantic from August 19 to August 21, when it dissipated over the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Hurricane Four was first seen near the Bahamas on August 25. It tracked northeast and passed within 90 miles of Bermuda before dissipating in the mid-Atlantic on August 30. Hurricane Five hit the Leeward Islands on September 2, then Haiti and passed north of Cuba. It made landfall on the Florida peninsula as a tropical storm, moved offshore, strengthened and made another landfall near Tampa before passing over St Augustine on September 11. The storm caused several ship wrecks along the east coast of Florida. Hurricane Six was a Category 2 hurricane that existed in the western Atlantic between September 12 and September 18. Hurricane Seven is the only known Category 4 hurricane of 1878. It made landfall on Haiti as a Category 1 hurricane and rapidly weakened to a tropical storm but regained hurricane strength in the Atlantic. After passing through the Bahamas it grew to a Category 2 hurricane. It continued to grow, becoming a Category 3 hurricane on September 30 and reaching Category 4 strength by October 8. Hurricane Eight grew from a tropical storm in the Gulf of Mexico on October 9. It crossed over Florida and grew to a Category 1 hurricane as it tracked north off the US east coast. Hurricane Nine was a minimal Category 1 Hurricane that existed in the Atlantic between October 9 and October 16. Hurricane Ten also remained at sea throughout its entire duration between October 13 and October 19. Hurricane Eleven, or the Gale Of 1878, was the most destructive storm of the year. It first made landfall in Cuba at hurricane strength, then weakened before passing over Florida and the Bahamas. The storm again strengthened before making landfall in North Carolina. It dissipated over New York on October 24. Tropical Storm Twelve passed over the Lesser Antilles in late November before passing close to Puerto Rico and then dissipating near Jamaica on December 2.

Systems

Tropical Storm One

On July 1 a tropical storm developed in the Gulf of Mexico off the Florida coast. It produced frequent rain, easterly wind, and diminishing pressure in Florida.
The storm made landfall in Florida on July 2 with maximum sustained winds of ; Punta Rassa, Florida, recorded a minimum pressure of  that afternoon. Key West, Florida, registered a wind of . The storm likely briefly weakened to a tropical depression over Florida but emerged into the Atlantic Ocean that afternoon and quickly regained tropical storm status. Rainy weather with frequent easterly gales extended northward through South Carolina.

On July 3, easterly gales and rainy weather prevailed along the Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Hatteras. Smithville, North Carolina, registered a maximum wind of  from the east. The tropical storm exited the coastal region on the afternoon of July 3, and no further records are, currently, known.

Hurricane Two

A tropical storm was discovered in the vicinity of the Leeward Islands on August 8. It moved to the west across the Caribbean Sea and then to the northwest. By the time that it entered the Gulf of Mexico, the system had intensified into a hurricane. The storm moved west across the Gulf of Mexico, and maintained hurricane status until making landfall in Mexico on August 18. The hurricane had dissipated over Mexico by the next day.

Hurricane Three

A Category One hurricane was first observed in the mid-Atlantic, north-east of Bermuda, on August 19. It moved to the north, toward Atlantic Canada. The hurricane grazed Nova Scotia shortly before it reached peak intensity. Sustained winds at peak intensity were  while the minimum central pressure was at 963 mbar, the most intense on record for a category 1 hurricane. It then grazed Newfoundland before it became extratropical in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence on August 21.

Hurricane Four

A tropical storm was discovered in the vicinity of the Bahamas on August 25. It moved to the northeast early in its duration. By August 27 it strengthened into a hurricane. After this it steadily got stronger as it moved toward Bermuda. On August 28 it had been upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane. Near peak intensity it passed within  of Bermuda. At peak intensity, the maximum sustained wind was  and the pressure was 972 mbar. The intensity of the storm barely leveled off over the next two days. The cyclone was last seen on August 30.

Hurricane Five

A tropical storm was first observed on September 1 just north of South America. It moved to the west-northwest, becoming a hurricane before hitting the Leeward Islands on September 2. It continued across the Caribbean, hitting Haiti and paralleling the north coast of Cuba. By September 7 it had weakened to a tropical storm and was east of Key West, Florida. It made landfall, on the Florida peninsula, soon afterwards and began moving slowly north before drifting back offshore where it strengthened. It remained over Florida for three days due to slow movement. On the morning of September 10 it began moving east and made landfall north of Tampa with maximum sustained winds of . The center passed over St. Augustine on September 11. When it reached the western Atlantic it became a hurricane again and caused several ships to be wrecked along the north-east coast of Florida, between Cape Canaveral and Amelia Island. It hit South Carolina by the morning of September 12, and, becoming extratropical, reached Ontario (where, claiming at least 4 lives, it had been raining since September 10) by the morning of September 13. In Central Florida, the cyclone flooded the area near Fort Basinger, including the Kissimmee River valley, in present-day Okeechobee County. Very heavy rainfall along its path affected the Florida peninsula. The hurricane caused at least nine deaths, though some reports suggest more were likely.

Hurricane Six

A Category One hurricane was first discovered over  to the east of the Windward Islands on September 11. After several days it grew to a Category 2 hurricane with winds peaking at .The minimum pressure is unknown. It dissipated on September 18 about  to the south-southeast on Bermuda.

Hurricane Seven

A tropical storm was first observed in the central Caribbean on September 24. It moved to the north, strengthening into a Category 1 hurricane before making landfall in Haiti. It quickly weakened to a tropical storm while passing roughly  to the west of Port-au-Prince. An American brigantine was wrecked at Tiburon with all hands lost. The storm rapidly regained hurricane status after emerging into the Atlantic. It passed through the eastern Bahamas shortly before it was upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane. Again it gradually strengthened, becoming a Category 3 hurricane by September 30 and a Category 4 hurricane by October 2. It continued to the northeast and moved away from land. The cyclone also maintained major hurricane status at a high latitude, roughly at 47.5N, but weakened somewhat before it was last seen on October 8.

Hurricane Eight

A tropical storm formed in the Gulf of Mexico on October 9. It moved across Florida, and after tracking near the coasts of Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, it strengthened to a hurricane. The storm brought heavy wind and rain to New England, causing 27 deaths.

Hurricane Nine

A tropical storm was first discovered on October 9 in the mid-Atlantic. It strengthened into a minimal hurricane before it dissipated at sea on October 16. It is likely that Hurricane Eight and Hurricane Nine merged into a single, large extratropical storm on
October 16.

Hurricane Ten

Hurricane Ten was a major hurricane that remained at sea during its entire duration. It was first discovered while a tropical storm of October 13. Over the next two days it strengthened slightly. By October 15 it became a hurricane and a Category 2 hurricane by the next day. It had also become a Category 3 hurricane on October 17. It attained peak intensity on October 18, sustained winds reached . The hurricane weakened slightly before it was last seen on October 19.

Hurricane Eleven

The Gale of 1878

On October 18 a tropical storm formed west of Jamaica. As it neared landfall in Cuba, it strengthened to a 100 mph (160 km/h) hurricane, but weakened while crossing the island. It passed over southeast Florida and the Bahamas, strengthening to a 100 mph (160 km/h) hurricane again before hitting North Carolina between Wilmington and Morehead City. The hurricane raced across the interior of the United States, becoming extratropical on the 24th over New York. The hurricane caused over $2 million in damage, and at least 72 casualties. These included 19 people killed when a ship, the A.S.Davis, was driven ashore at Virginia Beach. In total, the hurricane was responsible for 22 shipwrecks. Among these was the steamer City of Houston which was lost on Frying Pan Shoals.

Tropical Storm Twelve

Tropical Storm San Rufo of 1878

A tropical storm was first discovered on November 25 some 700 miles east of the Lesser Antilles. On November 28 and 29 it passed over much of the northern Lesser Antilles. The storm then passed near the southern coast of Puerto Rico and its effects were felt in southeastern and southern Puerto Rico. It was first known tropical storm to impact Puerto Rico in November. Sustained winds of 70+mph. Later on it continued into the Caribbean and dissipated on December 2 while a few hundred miles south of Jamaica.

This is the earliest known tropical cyclone to exist in the month of December on record, though most of its life spanned in November.

See also

Tropical cyclone observation
Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project

References

Sources

External links

Atlantic Hurricane Season, 1878
Articles which contain graphical timelines
1878 natural disasters


Eridge Park () is a village and historic park located north of the parish of Rotherfield, to the north-east of Crowborough in East Sussex, England. The adjoining home of the same name is the seat of the Marquess of Abergavenny. The area is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest.

History
The name Eridge derives from 'Eagle ridge', or 'ridge frequented by eagles'.

Eridge was the seat (main home) of the Earls and Marquesses of Abergavenny. In 1792 Henry Nevill, 2nd Earl of Abergavenny converted the old Eridge House into a Gothic castle, which he named Eridge Castle. The castle was replaced by a neo-Georgian mansion in the 1930s, which was itself partially demolished 30 years later, when the guest wing was replaced by a large circular swimming pool. As a 20th century structure on an ancient site, the house is not a listed building.

Parkland and woodland
The area is, with Eridge Green, a  biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England.

Eridge Park's undulating parkland is densely wooded to its north (Whitehill Wood) and south (Saxonbury Hill). The site includes gardens, parkland, and ancient woodland. It is of national importance for its lichens, with 167 recorded species in one of the richest epiphytic lichen floras of any park in Britain. It is also of interest for its 22 species of dragonflies and 60 species of breeding birds.

Village and surroundings

Eridge Park is directly north of Rotherfield, and largely overlaps the ecclesiastical parish of Eridge Green. Eridge Castle, the predecessor property, had its own ecclesiastical parish until 1856.

On the village street of Eridge Park is the church, which is Grade II listed, and six other listed buildings including the public house and the Nevill Crest and Gun.

The area also contains several follies, including the Saxonbury Tower and several ornamental buildings near the Sham Farm industrial estate. Sham Farm, an arable farm, gets its name from a wall built there to hide imposing farm buildings, which was intended to make the farm look like a very large house when viewed from Eridge Castle.

References

External links

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in East Sussex
Frant


"Ocean's Three and a Half" is the seventh episode of the seventh season of the animated television series Family Guy. It first aired in the United States on the Fox network on February 15, 2009. In the episode, Peter decides to induce his friend Joe Swanson's wife Bonnie into labor so that Joe will be able to spend more time with him. Bonnie gives birth to a baby girl named Susie, but Joe then has trouble with medical bills. Peter, Joe, Cleveland and Quagmire decide to rob Peter's father-in-law, Carter Pewterschmidt. Peter's wife and Pewterschmidt's daughter, Lois, convinces Joe to stop. Lois gets the money from Pewterschmidt by telling him she needs the money for a divorce lawyer. A subplot involves Stewie, who becomes infatuated with Bonnie's daughter Susie.

The title is a spoof of the 1960 heist film Oceans 11 as well as its reboot film series. The episode received a positive overall review on the video game website IGN.

Plot
Frustrated that Joe is growing more concerned that Bonnie is due to give birth within days, Peter  attempts to induce labor so Joe will spend more time with him, Cleveland and Quagmire. Peter plays Two and a Half Men near Bonnie, hoping that the baby will come out to change the channel. When Bonnie finally gives birth to her baby, a girl named Susie, Joe is unable to pay the $20,000 he needs for her medical bills. He turns to a loan shark for the money, but ends up in debt to him. Peter and his friends turn to Carter for the money to pay off the loan shark, but Carter refuses as he thinks it would be funnier. In one final act of desperation, Peter decides they should rob Carter. Once they reach the vault, however, Lois arrives on the scene and convinces Joe to stop.

Meanwhile, Stewie falls in love with Susie and attempts to win her heart by writing songs specifically for her. This culminates in making a detailed music video featuring Stewie singing a direct version of Bryan Adams' song "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You".

The episode concludes with the Griffin's eating dinner; Stewie states to Brian that he is over his crush on Susie and now has an interest in Adams himself, and Lois explains to Peter that she talked Carter into providing the money, telling him she was using it for a divorce lawyer. When Peter asks her if she is joking, Lois says nothing, leaving Peter somewhat worried.

Cultural references

Peter calls Christian Bale "that jerk" after encountering him on the set of Terminator Salvation, with a non-sequitur showing a tape machine playing the actual audio with Peter's voice mixed in for comedic effect. The audio includes about two minutes of an actual outburst Bale made on the set of the film, with Peter's comments interspersed throughout. "You are gonna owe a fortune to the swear jar", Peter says in response to the multiple curses from Bale. He also tells Bale: "I don't get why we need another Terminator." This scene however, was dropped from all subsequent broadcasts of the episode and was never included on the DVD release or any online streaming services, although Netflix's print kept it intact until it was replaced with a newer print. Hulu currently preserves this scene.

The episode also includes a jab at Microsoft's Zune, an MP3 player and a major competitor of the Apple iPod. Carter Pewterschmidt makes fun of Bill Gates, saying Gates actually owns an iPod rather than a Zune, "like the rest of the world".

Reception
The episode received a Nielsen rating of 3.8 among viewers 18–49, in second place behind ABC's Desperate Housewives for the night. Family Guy was among the top 20 shows for the week in the 18–49 demographic, and ranked sixth among the top 17 shows on the Fox Network for the week. Ahsan Haque of IGN commented that the Bale spoof "ranks right up there with some of the best timely pop-culture references in the series". Haque concluded, "It's been a while since we've had new episodes, but it certainly feels like it's been worth the wait as 'Ocean's Three and a Half' turns out to be a triumphant return to form for the series."

Steve Heisler of The A.V. Club called the episode "fine", and graded it B−. He wrote that the Bale spoof and Stewie's music video were "funny for a while" but went on "way too long". Geoff Boucher of the Los Angeles Times wrote positively of the Bale parody, commenting, "Oh, could there possibly be a single iota of humor left in the Christian Bale on-set rant? Why yes, yes there is, thanks to Seth McFarlane and company at Family Guy." Jackie Strause of the New York Post called the exchange between Peter Griffin and Bale "typical Family Guy fashion. In commenting on the Bale spoof, Ben Child of The Guardian wrote: "Personally, I tend to find Family Guy a bit hit and miss, but the US comedy's rather facile flashback formula does at least make it easy to chuck in the topical references."

References

External links

Family Guy (season 7) episodes
2009 American television episodes


Chronicles is a compilation album produced by Jon and Vangelis, released by Polydor/Spectrum Music in 1994.

Track listing
 "I Hear You Now" (5:11)
 "He Is Sailing" (6:48)
 "Thunder" (2:14)
 "Beside" (4:07)
 "Birdsong" (1:29)
 "A Play Within a Play" (7:03)
 "And When the Night Comes" (4:37)
 "Deborah" (4:56)
 "Curious Electric" (6:39)
 "The Friends of Mr. Cairo" (Edit) (4:20)
 "Back to School" (4:56)
 "Italian Song" (2:54)
 "Polonaise" (5:25)
 "Love Is" (5:45)

Personnel
Jon Anderson - vocals
Vangelis - keyboards / synthesisers / programming

Music composed by Vangelis & Jon Anderson
Lyrics by Jon Anderson

Arranged and Produced by Vangelis.

References

1983 compilation albums
Jon and Vangelis albums
Polydor Records compilation albums


Cholo is a term referring to Amerindians or Mexican Americans.

Cholo may also refer to:

Cultures
 Cholo (subculture), Chicano and Latino subculture
 Cholo languages, of Colombia and Panama

People
 El Cholo (wrestler) (born 1973), Mexican wrestler
 Cholo Laurel (born 1961), Filipino filmmaker
 Carmelo Simeone (1934–2014), Argentine footballer, called Cholo
 Diego Simeone (born 1970), nicknamed "El Cholo", Argentine football manager and former player
 Cholo Espada (born 1948), Puerto Rican boxer

Other uses
 Cholo, a character from George A. Romero's film Land of the Dead portrayed by John Leguizamo
 Cholo (film), a 1972 Peruvian film
 Cholo (video game)
 El Cholo Spanish Cafe
 Cholo alethe (Pseudalethe choloensis), a subtropical bird


Cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Paralympics consisted of 35 events, 23 for men and 12 for women.

Medal table

Medal summary
The competition events were:
2.5 km: - women
5 km: men - women
10 km: men - women
20 km: men
3x2.5 km relay: men
3x5 km relay: - women
4x5 km relay: men - women
4x10 km relay: men

Each event had separate standing, sitting, or visually impaired classifications:

LW2 - standing: single leg amputation above the knee
LW 3 - standing: double leg amputation below the knee, mild cerebral palsy, or equivalent impairment
LW4 - standing: single leg amputation below the knee
LW5/7 - standing: double arm amputation
LW6/8 - standing: single arm amputation
LW9 - standing: amputation or equivalent impairment of one arm and one leg
Gr I - sitting: paraplegia with no or some upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance
Gr II - sitting: paraplegia with fair functional sitting balance
B1 - visually impaired: no functional vision
B2 - visually impaired: up to ca 3-5% functional vision

Men's events

Women's events

See also
Cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics

References

The information from the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) website is based on sources which does not present all information from earlier Paralympic Games (1960-1984), such as relay and team members. (Per nov.18, 2010)

 Historical Medallists : Vancouver 2010 Winter Paralympics, Official website of the 2010 Winter Paralympics
 Winter Sport Classification, Canadian Paralympic Committee

1984 Winter Paralympics events
1984
Paralympics


Ice sledge speed racing at the 1984 Winter Paralympics consisted of 16 events, 8 for men and 8 for women.

Medal summary

Men's events

Women's events

References

1984 Winter Paralympics events
1984


Namiquipa is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Namiquipa.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 22,880, up from 20,314 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the town of Namiquipa had a population of 1,752, up from 1,718 as of 2005.  Other than the town of Namiquipa, the municipality had 363 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Santa Ana (2,978), classified as urban, and El Terrero (2,621), El Molino (2,176), Benito Juárez (1,967), classified as urban, and Cruces (1,206), and Independencia (Cologachi) (1,088), classified as rural.

References

Municipalities of Chihuahua (state)


Li Mian (; 717 – September 14, 788), courtesy name Xuanqing (玄卿), formally Duke Zhenjian of Qian (汧貞簡公), was a Chinese judge, military general, musician, poet, and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong.

Background
Li Mian was born in 717, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong.  He was a member of Tang Dynasty's imperial Li clan, being a great-grandson of Li Yuanyi (李元懿) the Prince of Zheng, a son of Tang's founding emperor Emperor Gaozu.  His father Li Zeyan (李擇言) was a son of Li Yuanyi's son Li Xuan (李璿) the Duke of Nanhai, but as Li Xuan's brother Li Lin (李琳) the Duke of Ande was sonless, Li Lin adopted Li Zeyan, who thus inherited the title of Duke of Ande.  Li Zeyan successively served as a prefect of four prefectures, and while serving under the important official Zhang Jiazhen, who was otherwise arrogant and condescending toward his subordinates, was particularly respected by Zhang.

Li Mian himself was said to be studious in the Confucian classics and histories in his youth, and after he grew, was said to be quiet, elegant, honest, and strict.  He also was well-learned in mysticism.  As he was a close relative to the imperial line, he was eventually made the magistrate of Kaifeng County.  At that time, Kaifeng, the capital of Bian Prefecture (汴州), was a key transportation point for both water and land transport, and the population was highly diverse and difficult to govern.  Both Li Mian and his colleague from a nearby county, Lu Chenggui (盧成軌), were both known for their abilities to capture criminals and maintain order.

During Emperor Suzong's reign
In 755, the general An Lushan rebelled at Fanyang, and by summer 756, the forces of his new state of Yan were approaching the Tang capital Chang'an, forcing Emperor Xuanzong to flee to Chengdu.  Emperor Xuanzong's son and crown prince Li Heng, however, did not follow him to Chengdu, but fled to Lingwu instead, where he was declared emperor (as Emperor Suzong).  Li Mian followed Emperor Suzong to Lingwu, and was made Jiancha Yushi (監察御史), an imperial censor.  At that time, everything at Emperor Suzong's court, including his palace, was makeshift, and the officers lacked discipline.  On one occasion, the officer Guan Chongsi (管崇嗣) was sitting with his back to the palace, considered a disrespectful posture.  Li Mian submitted an indictment against Guan, and Emperor Suzong, while pardoning Guan for his indiscretion, stated, "It is because I have Li Mian that the court even has any discipline."  In 757, after Tang forces recaptured Chang'an and were attacking east and seeking to recapture the eastern capital Luoyang, which had become the Yan capital, there was an occasion when over 100 Yan captives were delivered to Chang'an, to be executed on Emperor Suzong's orders.  Li Mian submitted a petition stating:

Emperor Suzong thus pardoned the captives.

Subsequently, after Tang forces recaptured Luoyang, Li Mian served as the deputy mayor of Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the Luoyang region), and later successively served as military commander under the generals Wang Sili (王思禮) and Li Guozhen (李國貞).  He later became the commandant at Liang Prefecture (梁州, in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) and governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) of Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern Hanzhong).  On one occasion, when Wang Zui (王晬), a capable junior official that he had made the magistrate of Liang Prefecture's seat Nanzheng County (南鄭), was falsely accused by powerful men at court and ordered executed by Emperor Suzong's edict, Li Mian, instead of following the edict, detained Wang but stopped the execution, and immediately submitted a petition defending Wang.  Wang was subsequently spared.  However, as a result, in 762, Li Mian was recalled to Chang'an to serve as Dali Shaoqing (大理少卿), the deputy chief judge of the supreme court (大理寺, Dali Si).  Once Li Mian was at Chang'an, he met Emperor Suzong to proclaim Wang's innocence and list Wang's accomplishments.  Emperor Suzong approved of him and made him the deputy minister of worship (太常卿, Taichang Qing).  Emperor Suzong wanted to promote him further, but as Li Mian would not be submissive to the powerful eunuch Li Fuguo, and so Li Mian was sent out of the capital to serve as the prefect of Fen Prefecture (汾州, in modern Linfen, Shanxi).

During Emperor Daizong's reign
Emperor Suzong died later in 762 and was succeeded by his son Emperor Daizong.  During Emperor Daizong's reign, Li Mian successively served as the prefect of Guo Prefecture (虢州, in modern Sanmenxia, Henan), the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region), and the mayor of Henan Municipality.  Subsequently, he served as deputy chief imperial censor (御史中丞, Yushi Zhongcheng), and then the governor of Jiangxi Circuit (江西, headquartered in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi).  While serving at Jiangxi Circuit, he had to combat several rebellions and was able to suppress them with help from other circuits.  On one occasion, when the father of one of his subordinates was ill, the subordinate used witchcraft to try to cure his father, and the witchcraft including making a doll with Li Mian's name on it and burying it.  When the doll was found, Li Mian stated, "He was doing this for his father's cure, and this can be forgiven."

In 767, Li Mian was in Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Daizong, and was made the mayor of Jingzhao as well as the chief imperial censor (御史大夫, Yushi Daifu).  He was said to be simple and solemn in his governance.  At that time, the powerful eunuch Yu Chao'en was the monitor of the armies as well as acting principal of the imperial university (國子監, Guozi Jian).  Due to the authority he had, he was arrogant and demanded respect.  Li Mian's predecessors as mayor all, when Yu visited the university, held feasts with food sufficient for several hundred people.  When Yu visited the university on Li Mian's watch, however, Li Mian refused — pointing out that as the principal, Yu was the host when he visited the university, and that if he were ever to visit the Jingzhao municipal government, he would surely hold a feast in Yu's honor.  When Yu heard this, he resented Li Mian and did not visit the university.  Soon, Li Mian was removed.

In 769, Li Mian was made the military governor of Lingnan Circuit (嶺南, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), as well as the prefect of Lingnan's capital Guang Prefecture (廣州).  At that time, two rebels, Feng Chongdao (馮崇道) and Zhu JIshi (朱濟時), had been holding more than 10 prefectures.  After Li Mian's arrival, he supported his subordinates Li Guan (李觀) and Wang Hong (王翃) in suppressing the rebels, and was able to calm the circuit by 771.  It was said that because Li Mian was honest in his governance of the circuit, previously, only four or five foreign merchant ships would arrive in Guang Prefecture per year, but toward the end of his term, because Li Mian did not demand bribes, more than 40 foreign merchant ships would arrive each year.  Later, when he was recalled to Chang'an, on the journey back, as he was going through Shimen (石門, in modern Changde, Hunan), he threw treasures that his family members had collected into the Yangtze River to show that he did not treasure them.  This led popular opinion at the time to compare him to such honest officials of the past such as Song Jing, Lu Huan (盧奐), and Li Chaoyin (李朝隱).  The people and officials of Guang Prefecture requested Emperor Daizong's permission to build a monument in Li Mian's honor, and Emperor Daizong agreed.  In 775, Emperor Daizong made him the minister of public works (工部尚書, Gongbu Shangshu) and created him the Duke of Qian.  In 773, when Linghu Zhang (令狐彰) the military governor of Yongping Circuit (永平, headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan) was near death, Linghu recommended Emperor Daizong to replace him with either Li Mian or Liu Yan, and Emperor Daizong made Li Mian the military governor of Yongping to replace Linghu.

In 776, Tian Shenyu (田神玉) the acting military governor of Biansong Circuit (汴宋, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), died.  Tian's subordinate Li Lingyao (李靈曜) killed Tian's son and took over the circuit.  Emperor Daizong initially reacted by making Li Mian the acting military governor of Biansong and commissioning Li Lingyao as the prefect of Pu Prefecture (濮州, in modern Heze, Shandong).  When Li Lingyao refused, Emperor Daizong gave in and made him the acting military governor of Biansong, but when Li Lingyao subsequently refused to follow imperial orders, Emperor Daizong commissioned governors of the surrounding circuits — Li Mian, Li Zhongchen, Ma Sui, Chen Shaoyou (陳少遊), and Li Zhengji — to attack Li Lingyao.  Later that year, with Li Zhongchen and Ma directly attacking Biansong's capital Bian Prefecture, they defeated Li Lingyao and forced him to flee.  Li Lingyao was captured in flight by Li Mian's subordinate Du Rujiang (杜如江), and Li Mian had Li Lingyao delivered to Chang'an to be executed.  Initially, the western half of Biansong was merged into Li Zhongchen's Huaixi Circuit (淮西, headquartered in modern Zhumadian, Henan), but after Li Zhongchen's subordinate Li Xilie mutinied and expelled him in 779, Emperor Dezong, while allowing Li Xilie to take over Huaixi, stripped Bian and Ying (潁州, in modern Fuyang, Anhui) Prefectures from Huaixi and added them to Yongping.  He also had Li Mian move Yongping's headquarters to Bian Prefecture.

During Emperor Dezong's reign

As military governor of Yongping Circuit
Later in 779, Emperor Daizong died and was succeeded by his son Emperor Dezong.  Emperor Dezong made Li Mian an honorary chancellor with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事).

Emperor Dezong soon took a harder line against the military governors of several circuits which were effectively governed independently from the imperial government — Li Zhengji's Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong), Li Baochen's Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei), Tian Yue's Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei), and Liang Chongyi's Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern Xiangfan, Hubei).  After Li Baochen and Li Zhengji both died in 781, he refused to let their respective sons, Li Weiyue and Li Na, inherit their fathers' positions, and those semi-independent circuits mobilized to prepare for war against the imperial government.  As part of the preparation for war, Emperor Dezong divided Yongping, making three of its seven prefectures — Song (宋州, in modern Shangqiu, Henan), Bo (亳州, in modern Bozhou, Anhui), and Ying  Prefectures — into a new Xuanwu Circuit, giving Si Prefecture (泗州, in modern Huai'an, Jiangsu) to Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and adding Zheng Prefecture (鄭州, in modern Zhengzhou, Henan) to Yongping.  He also made Li Mian the overall commander of the forces not only of his own circuit, but also of Xuanwu and Heyang (河陽, headquartered in modern Luoyang) Circuits.  When Liu Qia (劉洽) the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit was subsequently able to put LI Na under siege at Pu Prefecture, Li Mian persuaded Li Na to offer to submit to imperial authority, but Emperor Dezong, convinced of victory at that point, refused to accept Li Na's surrender.  Subsequently, Li Na was able to regroup and continue to resist the imperial government.  When Emperor Dezong subsequently ordered Li Xilie to attack Li Na, Li Xilie, who was secretly aligned with Li Na, pretended to be ready to attack Pinglu through Yongping, and he requested Li Mian to permit him passage, while he was preparing to launch a surprise attack on Yongping instead.  Li Mian prepared to welcome Li Xilie through his circuit but mobilized his own troops to prepare for an attack.  Li Xilie, realizing that Li Mian was taking precautions, did not attack Yongping at this point.

By 783, when Li Xilie was openly defying the imperial government, the chancellor Lu Qi, resentful of the senior official Yan Zhenqing, suggested Emperor Dezong to send Yan to Huaixi to try to persuade Li Xilie to resubmit.  Li Mian, seeking that Yan's mission would be fruitless and that he was heading for certain death, submitted an objection and tried to intercept Yan on the way, but was unable to do so.  Yan was subsequently detained by Li Xilie, although Li Xilie's subordinates Zhou Zeng (周曾), Wang Bin (王玢), and Yao Dan (姚憺) were in secret communications with Li Mian and hoping to replace Li Xilie and replace him with Yan.  Soon, their plot was discovered, however, and Li Xilie killed them.  Subsequently, when the imperial general Emperor Dezong sent to attack Li Xilie, Geshu Yao (哥舒曜), was put under siege by LI Xilie at Xiangcheng (襄城, in modern Xuchang, Henan), Emperor Dezong ordered Li Mian and Liu Dexin (劉德信) to aid Geshu.  Li Mian, believing that since Li Xilie was attacking Xiangcheng, Xu Prefecture (許州, in modern Xuchang) would be easy to capture, and once Xu Prefecture fell, Li Xilie would be forced to lift the siege on Xiangcheng.  He therefore ordered Liu and Tang Hanchen (唐漢臣) to attack Xu Prefecture.  Before Liu and Tang could reach Xu Prefecture, however, Emperor Dezong sent an edict ordering them to stop.  Liu and Tang were surprised and dismayed, and they withdrew, and they became careless in their retreat.  They were ambushed by Li Xilie's officer Li Kecheng (李克誠), and suffered massive losses.  With Li Mian fearful that Luoyang would be under attack, he sent an army under Li Jian (李堅) with 4,000 men to Luoyang to aid it, but subsequently, with the return path cut off by Li Xilie, they were unable to return to Bian Prefecture.  From that point on, Yongping itself was in a precarious position, unable to aid Geshu and finding it difficult to stand against Li Xilie.

By late 783, Li Xilie was putting Bian Prefecture under siege.  Li Mian held the city against the siege for more than a month, but with no aid forces arriving, he abandoned Bian Prefecture and took over 10,000 people to flee to Xuanwu's capital Song Prefecture.  Li Mian submitted a petition to Emperor Dezong — who was at Fengtian (奉天, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi) at the time due to rebellion by Zhu Ci, who had seized Chang'an and declared himself the emperor of a new state of Qin — requesting punishment.  Emperor Dezong responded, "I was unable to defend the imperial ancestral temples.  Li Mian needs not be insecure."  Li Mian subsequently transferred his troops to Liu Qia.  By fall 784, with Li Mian repeatedly requesting punishment, Emperor Dezong removed him from the overall command of the three circuits and the military governorship of Yongping, but recalled him to Chang'an (which had been recaptured by that point) to serve as chancellor as well as acting Situ (司徒, one of the Three Excellencies).  When Li Mian arrived at Chang'an, many officials commented, "Li Mian lost Daliang [(大梁, another name for Bian Prefecture)] and should not remain as chancellor."  Emperor Dezong's trusted senior advisor Li Mi pointed out that while Li Mian was not a capable general, he was a capable governor that the people loved and respected, and that he, by transferring the command to Liu, contributed to Liu's subsequent victory.  Emperor Dezong agreed with Li Mi and allowed Li Mian to exercise his authority as chancellor.

Chancellorship and after chancellorship
Li Mian, while he was then in the chancellor's office, did not dare to exert his authority, and he often simply yielded to the other chancellors.  In 784, when fellow chancellor Xiao Fu suggested that Chen Shaoyou be replaced as military governor of Huainan Circuit with Wei Gao, Emperor Dezong ordered Xiao to only discuss the matter with another chancellor, Liu Congyi, excluding Li Mian and Lu Han from the discussion, and Xiao's refusal to do so eventually led to Xiao's resignation.  In 785, when Emperor Dezong, over the objections of the officials Yuan Gao (袁高), Chen Jing (陳京), and Zhao Xu (趙需), was set to promote Lu Qi, who had been demoted to be a prefectural military advisor and exiled because he was blamed for the rebellions of Zhu Ci and Li Huaiguang, to be prefect, Li Mian backed Yuan and his colleagues.  When Emperor Dezong asked the chancellors, "Is it all right to make Lu Qi the prefect of a small prefecture?" Li Mian responded, "If Your Imperial Majesty really want to use him, even a large prefecture is all right.  But you should consider how disappointed the realm would be."  Further, when Emperor Dezong asked Li Mian, "Everyone accuses Lu Qi of treacherousness, but I do not see it.  Do you, Lord, see it?" Li Mian responded, "Everyone under heaven knows that he is treacherous, but Your Imperial Majesty does not.  This is, indeed, proof of his treacherousness."  This caused Li Mian to be further admired for his honesty, but also because of such bluntness, Emperor Dezong distanced himself from Li Mian.

In 786, when Emperor Dezong reorganized his government and put the six ministries of the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng) directly under the chancellors, Li Mian was given control of the ministry of justice (刑部, Xingbu).  Subsequently, with Li Mian repeatedly offering to resign, he was removed from his chancellor post and made a senior advisor to Emperor Dezong's crown prince Li Song.  Li Mian died later in 786 and was buried with great honors.

Li Mian was known for his abilities in guqin and poetry, and he wrote a number of musical pieces.  It was said that during his time in high positions, for more than 20 years, he distributed his salaries to his relatives and subordinates, leaving little for himself, such that when he died, there were no savings, and that despite his honored status, he was constantly humble in dealing with subordinates.  He had invited two famed individuals, Li Xun (李巡) and Zhang Can (張參), as secretaries, and after both Li Xun and Zhang died while serving him, for three years, during feasts, he would have places set for them at the table and offered meals and wine to their spirits.

Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 131.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 131.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 218, 220, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232.

717 births
788 deaths
8th-century Chinese poets
Chancellors under Emperor Dezong of Tang
Chinese judges
Guqin players
Mayors of Luoyang
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Lingnan Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Yongping Circuit
Tang dynasty musicians
Tang dynasty poets
8th-century Chinese musicians


None Too Soon is the ninth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released on 24 September 1996 by Polydor Records (Japan), JMS–Cream Records (Europe) and Restless Records (United States); a remastered edition was reissued on 17 April 2012 through MoonJune Records.

In a slight departure from Holdsworth's usual solo work, the album is composed mainly of jazz standard interpretations, as well as two original pieces written by pianist and longtime collaborator Gordon Beck. Both musicians had previously worked together on the albums Sunbird (1979), The Things You See (1980) and With a Heart in My Song (1988). The rhythm section are bassist Gary Willis and drummer Kirk Covington, both of fusion band Tribal Tech.

Overview
In a 1996 interview, Holdsworth explained the reasoning for not including any original material written by himself: "Gordon Beck once suggested that I should do an album with more well known tunes so people can hear what I sound like over these tunes. ... The other good reason for this choice is that I haven't written enough original material to fill an album." On the selection of songs, Holdsworth stated: "We absolutely didn't want to play all the classic standards everybody is playing already ... I definitely didn't want to do any of my own tunes this time." On the type of jazz being played: "It's not a trad album. It's a bebop album, but with a wrench or two in there." According to Holdsworth, Beck's use of a digital piano (as opposed to a regular one) was something to which the latter was not accustomed.

The album was recorded in October 1994, but was not released worldwide until almost two years later due to problems between Holdsworth and Polydor: "I had a lot of problems with the record company. I was signed to a certain company for a world deal. ... Then they informed me that they weren't going to release it anywhere else in the world just because one guy didn't like the music!"

Critical reception

None Too Soon has received mixed reviews. Chris M. Slawecki at All About Jazz likened Holdsworth's playing and interpretations to the Mahavishnu Orchestra, Pat Metheny and John Scofield, whilst praising Beck's work on the title track as "well-considered and articulate in design and execution". John Kelman, also at All About Jazz, remarked that the album had "a kind of restrained power that makes this not exactly a fusion record, but not exactly a straight-ahead one either".

Michael G. Nastos at AllMusic praised Holdsworth's unique style, but suggested a need for him to show restraint during his usual passages and try different sounds. Jason Josephes at Pitchfork panned the album, calling it "excretable wankery that includes the single worst cover of 'Norwegian Wood' that could possibly be produced."

Track listing

Personnel
Allan Holdsworth – guitar, SynthAxe, engineering, mixing, production
Gordon Beck – digital piano
Kirk Covington – drums
Gary Willis – bass

Technical
Bernie Grundman – mastering
Chris Bellman – remastering (reissue)
Leonardo Pavkovic – executive production (reissue)

References

External links
None Too Soon at therealallanholdsworth.com (archived)

Allan Holdsworth albums
1996 albums
Polydor Records albums
Restless Records albums


Chachapoyas Airport , is an airport serving the city of Chachapoyas in the Amazonas Region of Peru. The runway is on a mesa north of the city, with steep dropoffs on either end.

The Chachapoyas VOR-DME (Ident: POY) is located on the field.

Airlines and destinations

The following airline serves the airport:

Accidents and incidents
On January 9, 2003, TANS Perú Flight 222 crashed into a mountain while attempting to land in Chachapoyas. All 46 passengers aboard the Fokker F-28 died.

See also
Transport in Peru
List of airports in Peru

References

External links
Chachapoyas Airport
OurAirports - Chachapoyas
OpenStreetMap - Chachapoyas
SkyVector Aeronautical Charts

Airports in Peru
Buildings and structures in Amazonas Region


This is a list of places in Palestine which have standing links to local communities in other countries known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world).

B
Beit Jala

 Aubervilliers, France
 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
 La Calera, Chile
 Jena, Germany
 Pitești, Romania
 Reggio Emilia, Italy
 Santa María del Mar, Peru
 Varazze, Italy

Beit Sahour

 Agliana, Italy
 Aulnoye-Aymeries, France
 Chełm, Poland
 Doha, Qatar
 Opsterland, Netherlands
 Tralee, Ireland
 Utena, Lithuania
 Xanten, Germany

Bethlehem

 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
 Arad, Romania
 Assisi, Italy
 Athens, Greece
 Barranquilla, Colombia
 Brescia, Italy
 Budapest, Hungary
 Burlington, United States
 Capri, Italy
 Castelnuovo di Porto, Italy
 Catanzaro, Italy
 Chartres, France
 Chivasso, Italy
 La Cisterna, Chile
 Civitavecchia, Italy
 Cologne, Germany
 Concepción, Chile
 Las Condes, Chile
 Cori, Italy
 Cortale, Italy
 Creil, France
 Curinga, Italy
 Cusco, Peru
 Częstochowa, Poland
 Dakhla, Western Sahara
 Este, Italy
 Faggiano, Italy
 Florence, Italy
 Gallipoli, Italy
 Għajnsielem, Malta
 Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Greccio, Italy
 Grenoble, France
 Grottaferrata, Italy
 Jacurso, Italy
 Joplin, United States
 Kalocsa, Hungary
 Lazio, Italy
 Lourdes, France
 Maida, Italy
 Marrickville (Inner West), Australia
 Milan, Italy
 Monterrey, Mexico
 Montesarchio, Italy
 Montevarchi, Italy
 Montpellier, France
 Natal, Brazil
 Orvieto, Italy
 Otranto, Italy
 Palermo, Italy
 Paray-le-Monial, France
 Pavia, Italy
 Pietrelcina, Italy
 Pratovecchio Stia, Italy
 Rabat, Morocco
 Sacramento, United States
 Saint-Herblain, France
 Saint Petersburg, Russia
 San Miniato, Italy
 San Pietro a Maida, Italy
 Sant'Anastasia, Italy
 Sarpsborg, Norway
 Steyr, Austria
 Suceava, Romania
 Třebechovice pod Orebem, Czech Republic
 Verbania, Italy
 Vicenza, Italy
 Villa Alemana, Chile
 Vladimir, Russia
 Zaragoza, Spain

Al-Bireh
 Gennevilliers, France

Birzeit
 Zestoa, Spain

E
East Jerusalem

 Cairo, Egypt
 Fez, Morocco
 Jakarta, Indonesia
 Nouakchott, Mauritania
 Oujda, Morocco
 Tehran, Iran

G
Gaza City

 Agadir, Morocco
 Barcelona, Spain
 Brasília, Brazil
 Cascais, Portugal
 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 Dunkirk, France
 Gediz, Turkey
 Keçiören, Turkey
 Meram, Turkey
 Moyle, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
 Osmangazi, Turkey
 Sidon, Lebanon
 Tabriz, Iran
 Tromsø, Norway
 Turin, Italy
 Yıldırım, Turkey

H
Halhul
 Hennebont, France

Hebron

 Amman, Jordan
 Beyoğlu, Turkey
 Bursa, Turkey
 Keçiören, Turkey
 Medina, Saudi Arabia
 Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, France
 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
 Yiwu, China

J
Jabalia

 Tiguent, Mauritania
 Ümraniye, Turkey

Jericho

 Alessandria, Italy
 Campinas, Brazil
 Eger, Hungary
 Estación Central, Chile
 Fez, Morocco
 Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
 Iași, Romania
 Ilion, Greece
 Kragujevac, Serbia
 Lærdal, Norway
 San Giovanni Valdarno, Italy
 Santa Bárbara, Brazil
 Al-Shuna al-Shamalyah, Jordan

K
Khan Yunis

 Bisceglie, Italy
 El-Gadarif, Sudan
 Hamar, Norway
 Palermo, Italy
 Tétouan, Morocco

M
Marda
 Arbizu, Spain

N
Nablus

 Boulder, United States
 Chalandri, Greece
 Como, Italy

 Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom

 Khasavyurt, Russia
 Lille, France
 Naples, Italy
 Nazareth, Israel
 Poznań, Poland
 Rabat, Morocco
 Stavanger, Norway
 Tuscany, Italy

R
Rafah

 Pesaro, Italy
 Sancaktepe, Turkey

Ramallah

 Bordeaux, France
 Hounslow, England, United Kingdom
 Johannesburg, South Africa
 Liège, Belgium
 Muscatine, United States
 Oxford, England, United Kingdom
 Sur, Turkey
 Trondheim, Norway

Z
Zababdeh
 Ixelles, Belgium

References

Palestine
Palestine (region)-related lists
State of Palestine geography-related lists
Cities in the State of Palestine
Populated places in the State of Palestine


The People's Square and Park () is one of the major parks surrounding the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, Myanmar. Located west of the great pagoda to the former Pyithu Hluttaw (People's Parliament) complex, the 135.72 acre (54.92-hectare) park is bounded by Pyay Road to its west, U Wisara Road to its east, Dhammazedi Road to its north and Ahlone Road to its south.

The area had been part of the palace grounds of Queen Shin Sawbu and later a golf course for some years during the colonial days.

A little over half of the complex is the  People's Square. A flower- and tree-lined marble esplanade starting from Pyithu Hluttaw towards the Shwedagon Pagoda is the center piece of the square. Over a thousand trees and plants from 52 species make up the square. Pyidaungsu Ayeyeik Nyein occupies a corner of the Square and holds a permanent exhibition of dioramas of various Burmese ethnic groups, specimens of valuable timber and gemstones from various parts of the country.

People's Park occupies  adjacent to the square in the north. Over 3,000 plants including 72 species of trees, 12 species of bamboo and 50 species of shrubs and climbers indigenous to various parts of the country are planted in this park.  botanical maze, flower displays, fruit trees and medicinal herbs account for an additional 17,000 flowering plants.

References

Buildings and structures in Yangon
Parks in Myanmar


This article deals with the system of transport in Bihar, both public and private.

Road transport
Bihar has national highways with total length of  and state highways with total length of . Also. Bihar has   of proposed Expressways.

Expressways

Listed horizontal (west to east) expressways first, followed by vertical (north to south) & diagonal expressways.

National Highways

State Highways

Rail transport

The railway network in Bihar is excellent and provides first-rate citizen centric railway services to the people. Most of the cities have a railway junction that facilitates railway travel across the state. You can easily travel from one part of the state to the other by trains.

Urban Rail

 Patna Metro - Under construction
Patna Monorail - Proposed
Patna tram - defunct since 1903

Water transport

Bihar is connected by National Waterways No. 1 which established in October 1986. This National Waterways has  fixed terminals at Haldia, BISN (Kolkata), Pakur, Farrakka and Patna. This National Waterways has also floating terminals facilities at Haldia, Kolkata, Diamond Harbour, Katwa, Tribeni, Baharampur, Jangipur, Bhagalpur, Semaria, Doriganj, Ballia, Ghazipur, Varanasi, Chunar and Allahabad.

Air transport

Patna airport is well connected to cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore and many other cities in India. It is categorized as a restricted international airport, with customs facilities to receive international chartered flights. Gaya Airport, is Bihar's only international airport and offers seasonal flights that connect the city to Thailand, Bhutan, and Myanmar. Airlines like IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air India, and Vistara connect various airports in Bihar to cities across India. Darbhanga Airport is another domestic airport in Bihar which is connected with various cities across India. The Darbhanga Airport was built as civil enclave.

  The airport usually serves domestic flights only, but the city being a pilgrimage city, the airport operates seasonal flights to international destinations.
  The airport is classified as a restricted international airport due to its short runway and serves only domestic flights.

See also

 Ministry of Transport (Bihar)
 Transport in India
 Indian Railways
 National Highways
 List of National Highways in India
 List of airports in India
 List of railway stations in India
 Bridges in Bihar

References


James Deshler (February 18, 1833 – September 20, 1863) was a career United States Army officer and a graduate of West Point who later joined the Confederate States Army. During the American Civil War he fought at Cheat Mountain, Camp Allegheny, Arkansas Post, and Chickamauga. He was appointed a Confederate brigadier general but died on the field of battle with his promotion remaining unconfirmed.

Early life and career
James Deshler was born on February 18, 1833, in Tuscumbia, Alabama, to David Deshler 1798–1872) and Eleanor Taylor (1808–1854). Deshler went to West Point and graduated in 1854. He graduated ranking above James Ewell Brown Stuart, William Dorsey Pender and Stephen Dill Lee. After graduating, James was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. His first military experience was an assignment to California after graduation. He was then transferred and promoted to first lieutenant United States Army in 1858 and joined a regiment to fight in the Utah War expedition. After the expedition Deshler was assigned to Fort Wise, where he remained until 1861. In 1861 Deshler resigned his post and joined the Confederate States Army.

Civil War service
After his resignation from the army, Deshler enlisted as a captain in the artillery. In September 1861 he was an assistant to Brigadier General Henry R. Jackson during the Battle of Cheat Mountain. Deshler was wounded at the Battle of Allegheny Mountain when he was shot through the thighs. After his recovery from his wounds he was promoted to colonel and assigned to the staff of Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes. In 1862 he was given his first command, which consisted of the 10th Texas Infantry Regiment, and the dismounted 15th Texas, 17th Texas, and 18th Texas Cavalry Regiments. On January 11, 1863, Deshler was captured when the Confederates surrendered at the Battle of Arkansas Post. After being exchanged he was promoted to brigadier general on July 28, 1863.

Death and burial
On the second day of the Battle of Chickamauga on September 20, 1863, while inspecting his brigade before an attack, Deshler was killed instantly by a Union artillery shell when it exploded in front of him, tearing his heart from his body. Command of his brigade was taken over by the future Senator Roger Mills, and the Confederacy won the battle. After the fighting ended, a family friend buried Deshler's body on the battlefield. Later the friend brought Deshler's father to the gravesite. They disinterred Deshler and subsequently reburied him in Oakwood Cemetery in his hometown of Tuscumbia, Alabama.

Mills remarked after Deshler's death:I may pause here and pay a passing tribute to the memory of our fallen chief. He was brave, generous and kind, even to a fault. Ever watchful and careful for the safety of any member of his command, he was ever ready to peril his own...He poured out his own blood upon the spot watered by the best blood of the brigade. Amongst the host of brave hearts that were offered the altar of sacrifice for their country on that beautiful Sabath, there perished not one, noble, braver, or better than his. He lived beloved, and fell lamented and mourned by every officer and man of his command.

Memorials
Deshler's father founded the Deshler Female Institute in memory of his son. To further honor General Deshler, Tuscumbia's Deshler High School was named for him.

See also

List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Evans, Clement Anselm, ed., Wheeler, Joseph, author. Confederate Military History: A Library of Confederate States History volume 7, Alabama (1899) pp. 403–405.
 Heart Of Dixie Publishing and William Lindsey McDonalds' Civil War Tales of the Tennessee Valley (2003) pp. 169–170
 Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
71-0823-9.
 Smith, Derek The Gallant Dead: Union and Confederate Generals Killed in the Civil War (2005) pg. 193
 United States War Dept, Robert Nicholson Scott, George Breckenridge Davis, Leslie J. Perry, United States War Records Office, Joseph William Kirkley, United States Record and Pension Office, and John Sheldon Moodeys' The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (1890) pg. 188
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.

External links

1833 births
1863 deaths
Confederate States Army generals
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army officers
People of Alabama in the American Civil War
American Civil War prisoners of war
Confederate States of America military personnel killed in the American Civil War
People from Tuscumbia, Alabama


Namiquipa is a town in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of  Namiquipa.

As of 2010, the town of Namiquipa had a population of 1,752, up from 1,718 as of 2005.

History
The origin of the settlement is an indigenous village called Namiquipa.

Franciscan missionaries established a mission in 1662 or 1663 called San Pedro de Alcántara de Namiquipa. It was subsequently abandoned.

Namiquipa was refounded and given town (villa) status in 1778. The Spanish colonial state established the town and surrounding region as a military colony, and its settlers received land grants in return for fighting Apache during the Apache Wars.

Namiquipa was a stronghold of Pancho Villa’s popular movement during much of the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920. However, in 1916 locals switched sides and formed local militia that collaborated with the United States. In 1917 Namiquipa was attacked by Villa and his men, who reportedly raped many townswomen after setting the town ablaze. Villa's commander Nicolas Fernandez managed to take some of the townswomen under his protection, and ordered his soldiers to shoot any one who tried to attack them. After news of the atrocity spread, Villa lost the goodwill of many villagers across Chihuahua.

References

Populated places in Chihuahua (state)
Populated places established in 1778


Lindsay Allan Roy, CBE, FRSA (born 19 January 1949) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Glenrothes from 2008 until 2015. He is the former Rector of Inverkeithing High School and Kirkcaldy High School. He announced he would be standing down as an MP in 2015 after being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.

Teaching career
Roy was educated at the University of Edinburgh where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in 1970. He then trained as a teacher and became principal teacher of Modern Studies at Queen Anne High School Dunfermline in 1974. He was promoted to be Assistant Rector of Kirkcaldy High School in 1983, but left after three years to be Depute Rector of Glenwood High School in Glenrothes.

Starting in 1990, Roy became Rector of Inverkeithing High School, being awarded with a CBE for his work there in 2004. He served also as an Associate Assessor for HM Inspectorate of Education from 1996, and was appointed Chairman of the Curriculum and Student Affairs Committee of Carnegie College in 1997. Becoming active in The Headmaster's Association of Scotland, he was appointed as its president for the year 2004–05.

He became Rector of Kirkcaldy High School in 2008, the High School that former Prime Minister Gordon Brown had attended as a boy.

Parliamentary career

2008 by-election
Roy was chosen by the local Labour Party to fight the Parliamentary constituency of Glenrothes, following the death of local MP John MacDougall.

Following the victory at a by-election of the Scottish National Party in the parliamentary constituency of Glasgow East earlier that year, despite Fife not having a history of such spectacular landslide swings to the SNP in the past as in the West of Scotland, it had been expected that Labour would lose the by-election; however, the Labour Party held the seat, increasing their total vote slightly, albeit with a reduced majority.

Roy was subsequently a member of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee.

2010 general election
At the 2010 election he polled 25,247 votes, 62.3% of the votes cast, an increase of 10.4%, easily securing re-election.

Notes and references

External links

1949 births
Living people
Scottish Labour MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Fife constituencies
Scottish schoolteachers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
People with Parkinson's disease


Boston Bears and Boston Bears (football) may refer to:

Boston Bears (AFL), team in third American Football League
Boston Bears (soccer), team in American Soccer League


The women's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which was established in 1912. The competition was held on Saturday August 6, 1932 and on Monday August 8, 1932.

Twenty swimmers from ten nations competed.

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In the heats the Olympic record was broken in the second heat by Joyce Cooper with 1:09.0, in the third heat by Helene Madison with 1:08.9 and in the fourth heat Eleanor Saville with 1:08.5. In the first semi-final Willy den Ouden bettered the Olympic record with 1:07.6 and in the final Madison again set a new Olympic record with 1:06.8.

Results

Heats

Saturday August 6, 1932: The fastest two in each heat and the fastest third-placed from across the heats advanced to the final.

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Heat 4

Semifinals

Sunday August 7, 1932: The fastest three in each semi-final advanced to the final.

Semifinal 1

Semifinal 2

Final

Monday August 8, 1932:

References

External links
Olympic Report

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics
1932 in women's swimming
Swim


Monroe High School is the main continuation high school that is located just outside Tehachapi, California. Monroe has one principal, a secretary and office clerk, two part-time counselors and three full-time teachers. The school is also the site of the Monroe Independent Study Center (formerly Summit Independent Study Center), and Tehachapi Adult School. Monroe is part of the Tehachapi Unified School District. After the 2010–2011 school year, the district plans on moving Monroe High School to the former junior high school building.

About
Monroe High School is for teens who are having educational and behavior problems and cannot be in regular school. The school offers:
 smaller class sizes (average 21:1 pupil–teacher ratio)
 personalized assistance from teachers
 individualized course of study designed to help you graduate on time (or earlier)
 opportunities to gain work experience prior to finishing high school.

Former Monroe Site

References

High schools in Kern County, California
Continuation high schools in California
Tehachapi, California
Public high schools in California


In control theory, a Kalman decomposition provides a mathematical means to convert a representation of any linear time-invariant (LTI) control system to a form in which the system can be decomposed into a standard form which makes clear the observable and controllable components of the system. This decomposition results in the system being presented with a more illuminating structure, making it easier to draw conclusions on the system's reachable and observable subspaces.

Definition
Consider the continuous-time LTI control system

 ,
 ,

or the discrete-time LTI control system
 ,
 .

The Kalman decomposition is defined as the realization of this system obtained by transforming the original matrices as follows:

 ,
 ,
 ,
 ,

where  is the coordinate transformation matrix defined as

 ,

and whose submatrices  are
  : a matrix whose columns span the subspace of states which are both reachable and unobservable.
  : chosen so that the columns of  are a basis for the reachable subspace.
  : chosen so that the columns of  are a basis for the unobservable subspace.
  : chosen so that  is invertible.
It can be observed that some of these matrices may have dimension zero. For example, if the system is both observable and controllable, then , making the other matrices zero dimension.

Consequences
By using results from controllability and observability, it can be shown that the transformed system  has matrices in the following form:

This leads to the conclusion that
 The subsystem  is both reachable and observable.
 The subsystem  is reachable.
 The subsystem  is observable.

Variants
A Kalman decomposition also exists for linear dynamical quantum systems. Unlike classical dynamical systems, the coordinate transformation used in this variant requires to be in a specific class of transformations due to the physical laws of quantum mechanics.

See also
 Realization (systems)
Observability
 Controllability

References

External links
Lectures on Dynamic Systems and Control, Lecture 25 - Mohammed Dahleh, Munther Dahleh, George Verghese — MIT OpenCourseWare

Control theory


Cowthorpe is a village in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated  north of Wetherby,  east of Harrogate,  from Knaresborough and  from York.

History
The name of Cowthorpe comes from Old Norse and is a combination of a personal name Koli and þorp (which means settlement or outlying hamlet).

The village lies on a minor road that connects it with North Deighton (and the A168) to the west and Tockwith in the east. It is bordered by the River Nidd to the north with bridges crossing the Nidd at either Walshford in the west, or Cattal Bridge in the east.

St Michael's Church

St Michael's Church in the village is a Grade I listed building, built by a Brian Roucliffe, and consecrated in 1458. In the choir, on a large flat stone, are the effigies, in brass, of a man and his wife, bearing betwixt them the model of a church, and supposed, from the inscription, likewise in brass, now scarce legible, to be in memory of the Founder and his wife.

The Cowthorpe Oak

Cowthorpe was the home of an enormous tree, the Cowthorpe Oak. Its circumference was ; its principal limb (which was propped) extended  from the bole. The tree was decaying by the 19th century; tradition speaks of its being in decay for many generations.  "Compared with this," says Dr. Hunter, in Evelyn's Silva, "all other trees are children of the Forest." According to an early history of Knaresborough, "The leading branch fell, by a storm, in the year 1718; which, being measured with accuracy, was found to contain five tons and two feet of wood. Before this accidental mutilation, its branches are said to have extended their shade over half an acre of ground; thus constituting, in a single tree, almost a wood itself".

Langdale's Topographical Dictionary of Yorkshire (1822) records that "This venerable oak is decaying fast, the trunk and several of the branches appearing to be completely rotten, except the bark; tradition speaks of its being in decay for many generations. The intermixture of foliage amongst the dead branches, show how sternly this giant struggles for life, and how reluctantly it surrenders to all conquering time". However, the tree was still flourishing in part as late as 1906: it was photographed in that year, and 'the tree [was] still in good shape, with a lot of strong branches and foliage, although many of the branches are now propped up...the oak still puts forth leaves and periodically sports a few acorns.'

The tree, which was painted by J. M. W. Turner, finally died in 1950 and there is now little or no trace of it.

References

External links

Villages in North Yorkshire


Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) is a research centre based at University of Sussex in Falmer, near Brighton, UK. It focuses on long term transformative change, science policy and innovation across different sectors, societies and structures. It was one of the first interdisciplinary research centres in the field of science and technology policy and at the forefront of the development of innovation as an academic discipline. Alongside internationally renowned research, SPRU also offers a range of MSc courses, as well as PhD research degrees.

SPRU's research today addresses pressing global policy agendas, including the future of industrial policy, inclusive economic growth; the politics of scientific expertise, energy policy, security issues, entrepreneurship, and pathways to a more sustainable future. It aims to tackle real-world questions whilst also contributing to theoretical knowledge on innovation. In 2018, SPRU ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the UK for top science and technology think tanks on the Global Go ToThink Tank Index Report which was put together by the University of Pennsylvania.

SPRU has 60 plus faculty members and more than 150 MSc and 50 doctoral students.

Organization
The Science Policy Research Unit is located within the University of Sussex Business School in Brighton, UK. SPRU's current director is Professor Jeremy Hall, formerly director of the Centre for Social Innovation Management at Surrey Business School and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. He took over from Professor Johan Schot in September 2019.

SPRU is also home to a number of specialist research centres including:
Sussex Energy Group (SEG)
Sussex Sustainability Research Programme (SSRP)
The STEPS Centre (Co-hosted with the Institute of Development Studies)
Harvard Sussex Program (a long-standing partnership with Harvard University in the field of biological and chemical weapons)
Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre (in partnership with Nesta)
Centre for Research into Energy Demand Solutions – Digital Society strand
National Centre for Energy Systems Integration (in partnership with four other research-intensive universities and strategic partner Siemens)
Transformative Innovation Policy Consortium (TIPC)

History
SPRU was founded in 1966 by Professor Christopher Freeman, a pioneer of what is known as innovation studies today. Professor Freeman ‘embraced an ‘economics of hope’ which embodied a positive view of our potential to direct innovation, creativity and new technologies towards more sustainable and inclusive futures’.

Since its foundation SPRU has had (and continues to have) a long list of highly regarded scholars among its faculty including Daniele Archibugi, Giovanni Dosi, Marie Jahoda, Carlota Perez, Keith Pavitt, Mary Kaldor, Richard R. Nelson, Giorgio Sirilli and Luc Soete.

Current faculty members include Benjamin Sovacool, director of the Sussex Energy Group and advisor on energy to the European Commission's Directorate General for Research and Innovation; Andy Stirling, deputy director of the Sustainable Lifestyles Research Group; Caitriona McLeish, co-director of the Harvard Sussex Program on Chemical and Biological Weapons; Gordon MacKerron, former director of SPRU; Maria Savona, editor for Research Policy and the Journal of Evolutionary Economics; Paul Nightingale, director of strategy and operations for the Economic & Social Research Council; Erik Millstone, co-author of The Atlas of Food; and Ben Martin, editor of Research Policy and Associate Fellow of Cambridge's Centre for Science and Policy.

Current research priorities
SPRU research activities are extremely diverse, and are grouped into five main research themes:

1, Science, Politics and Decision Making: Researchers at SPRU apply a deep historical understanding to how the choices made about science and technology shape our societies. They also work on the politics of expertise, and on issues of foresight, research assessment, metrics and impact in today's research environment.

2, Energy: SPRU is part of the Sussex Energy Group, one of the largest independent social science energy policy research groups in the world. Researchers at SPRU seek to understand and encourage transitions to sustainable, low carbon energy systems.

3, Sustainable Development:

4, Economics of Innovation: Researchers at SPRU seek to understand the structure and dynamics of innovating firms and industrial systems and how to manage innovation capabilities in firms, including research and technology change in high-tech industries and managing uncertainty in complex systems.

5, Innovation & Project Management: SPRU's work includes analysis of technology strategy, new technology based firms, complex systems and products, high-growth new ventures, as well as looking at innovation in different business models and sectors, including infrastructure, healthcare, biopharmaceuticals and services.

Studying at SPRU/Teaching
SPRU currently offers six Masters courses, two of which are available for online distance learners. SPRU also offers two PhD degrees, in Science and Technology Policy Studies and Technology and Innovation Management.

Harvard Sussex Program
The Harvard Sussex Program (HSP) is a collaborative effort on chemical biological weapons disarmament between Harvard University and Science and Technology Policy Research (SPRU) at the University of Sussex. It was formed by Matthew Meselson and Julian Perry Robinson to provide research, training, seminars, and information work on chemical biological warfare and its disarmament. In 2010, Sussex faculty member Caitriona McLeish was appointed co-director of the HSP.

The program has a large archival collection of CBW related documents at Sussex (SHIB - Sussex Harvard Information Bank).

HSP is an academic Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that has influenced policy creation from within the United States and Great Britain on the formation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and reviews of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC).

References

External links

Business schools in England
Genetics or genomics research institutions
Innovation in the United Kingdom
Innovation organizations
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Nanotechnology institutions
Public policy schools
Research and development in the United Kingdom
Research institutes in East Sussex
Science and technology think tanks based in the United Kingdom
Social science research institutes
Systems science institutes
University of Sussex


Dudovica () is a small town in the Lazarevac municipality in the Belgrade District of Serbia. It was seat of a municipality abolished in the 1960s and added to the municipality of Lazarevac.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census results, the village has 701 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition of the village (as of 2002 census):
 Serbs: 769 - 98,97%
 Yugoslavs: 4 - 0,51%
 Montenegrins: 3 - 0,38%
 Romanians: 1 - 0,12%
 Unknown: 0 - 0,0%

Economy

Dudovica is known as the breeding area of the mangalica pigs.

History
19 people from Dudovica were killed in the Jasenovac Camp in the World War II. All were ethnic Serbs.

References

External links

Satellite map at Maplandia.com

Suburbs of Belgrade
Šumadija
Lazarevac


Dipeptidase 2 (DPEP2) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DPEP2 gene.

DPEP2 belongs to the membrane-bound dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.19) family. These enzymes hydrolyze a variety of dipeptides, including leukotriene D4, the beta-lactam ring of some antibiotics, and cystinyl-bis-glycine (cys-bis-gly) formed during glutathione degradation.

References

EC 3.4.13


Geomyces is a genus of filamentous fungi in the family Myxotrichaceae. Members of the genus are widespread in distribution, especially in northern temperate regions. Known to be psychrotolerant and associated with Arctic permafrost soils, they are equally prevalent in the air of domestic dwellings, and children's sandpits. Species of Geomyces have previously been placed in the genus Chrysosporium.

Description
This genus is characterized by short but distinct branched conidiophores that have chains of spores formed directly from the cells of the branches. Sometimes only the tips of the branches become spores. The spores (conidia) are 1-celled, and either white or yellow. The teleomorph of species in this genus, if they exist, are in  Pseudogymnoascus or Gymnostellatospora.

Geomyces species are known to form ericoid mycorrhizae with the roots of alpine Ericales and other perennial hosts, helping these plants adapt to low-nutrient environments.

The Geomyces are keratinophilic fungi, able to degrade hairs and nails. They have been investigated for possible use in the biodecomposition of waste poultry feathers.

Adaptive capabilities
Research has shown that laboratory cultures of G. pannorum isolated from various environments may have extreme differences in morphology and physiology. In fact, the limits of cold adaptation in a particular isolate can vary depending on the source of isolation, even though the isolates are genetically identical.

Studies suggest that one biochemical mechanism of low-temperature tolerance is achieved by altering the composition and total content of fatty-acids in their membrane, a phenomenon called homeoviscous adaptation.

White-nose syndrome
A 2008 study of white-nose syndrome, a fungal infection causing high mortality rates in bats, determined that the fungus found on the muzzles, wings, and ears of infected bats is a member of the genus Geomyces. Later, the conidial morphology of this isolate was shown to be morphologically distinct from the conidia of other characterized members of the genus, despite the phylogenetic similarity. Finally, in spring 2009 the source of the infection was identified as a new species, Geomyces destructans. It is known however that Geomyces species are found in caves and bat hibernacula, and have been isolated from the cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus.

Biocorrosion
Using phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA sequences, Geomyces species have been implicated in the biodeterioration of antique and optical glass. Feeding off organic residues ubiquitously present on historical glass, such as dust or dead fungal and bacterial material, fungal colonization by Geomyces may ultimately lead to etching, pit corrosion, or the formation of cracks or patinas due to secretion of acidic metabolic byproducts, or penetration of fungal mycelia into the paint layer.

Bioactive compounds
A number of asterric acid derivatives, some with antibacterial or antifungal activity, have been isolated from an unidentified Geomyces isolate found in a soil sample from King George Island, Antarctica: ethyl asterrate, n-butyl asterrate, and geomycins A-C.

Species
Geomyces asperulatus Sigler & J.W. Carmich. (1976)
Geomyces auratus Traaen (1914)
Geomyces cretaceus Traaen (1914)
Geomyces destructans Gargas et al. (2009)
Geomyces laevis Zhong Q. Li & C.Q. Cui (1989)
Geomyces pannorum (Link) Sigler & J.W. Carmich. (1976)

This species is ubiquitous in soil, from temperate to Antarctic regions, and is the predominant micro-organism associated with the degradation of soil-buried polyester polyurethane in landfills. The variant G. pannorum var. pannorum is occasionally reported as an etiological agent of superficial infection of skin and nails in humans.

Geomyces pulvereus A.D. Hocking & Pitt (1988)
Geomyces sulphureus Traaen
Geomyces vinaceus Dal Vesco (1957)
Named for the purplish-red or vinaceous colony color. The teleomorph form is Pseudogymnoascus roseus.

References

Eurotiomycetes genera


Dipeptidase 3 (DPEP3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DPEP3 gene.

This gene encodes a membrane-bound glycoprotein from the family of dipeptidases (EC 3.4.13.19) involved in hydrolytic metabolism of various dipeptides, including penem and carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics. This gene is located on chromosome 16 in a cluster with another member of this family, DPEP2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been found for this gene.

References

Further reading

EC 3.4.13


ESSE is a United Kingdom brand of heating appliances, notable for having been, in the early 19th century, the first to bring the North American type of enclosed heating stoves to Europe.

History
In the 1830s, as a teenager, James Smith left Scotland for the United States and established a business selling the new American type of enclosed cooking ranges and stoves in Jackson, Mississippi.

Realizing these innovative products offered significant advantages in efficiency and cleanliness over the open fires commonly used in Europe, he returned to his native land, and arranged for the manufacture of his own versions, initially at the Bonnybridge foundry of George Ure.

In 1854 Ure, Smith and a third partner, Stephen Wellstood, formed 'Smith & Wellstood' as a new company and named a branch in honour of the land found by Columbus: 'The Columbian Stove Works'. The 'Esse' brand name was chosen simply because it was thought to sound French, and being derived from the Latin, to be thoroughly European.

The business prospered throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, so that the company were able to claim that every single Royal household in Europe owned an Esse, and included Auguste Escoffier, Mrs Beeton, Florence Nightingale and Ernest Shackleton among their famous clients.

Today, Esse Range Cookers, Cook Stoves and Stoves are made in Barnoldswick, Lancashire, England.

Bibliography
The History of Smith & Wellstood, by Alastair Borthwick, ASIN: B0007K0DUK

External links
Wood Burning Stoves

Residential heating appliances
Companies based in Lancashire
Barnoldswick


National Radiologic Technology Week® (NRTW®) is an annual event established by the American Society of Radiologic Technologists to celebrate the important role medical imaging and radiation therapy professionals play in patient care and health care safety. The weeklong celebration highlights the radiologic technology profession and raises public awareness about radiologic technologists.

The first National Radiologic Technology Week® was held July 22–29, 1979. The annual celebration was later changed to November to commemorate the anniversary of the x-ray’s discovery by Wilhelm Röntgen on Nov. 8, 1895. It is celebrated on the week of November 8.

References
“Celebrate National Radiologic Technology Week®” asrt.org, 2013.
http://www.asrt.org/events-and-conferences/national-radiologic-technology-week/ways-to-celebrate-nrtw

“National Radiologic Technology Week®” asrt.org, 2013.
http://www.asrt.org/events-and-conferences/national-radiologic-technology-week

November observances
Awareness weeks in the United States


Spartan Health Sciences University is a private, for-profit medical school located in Vieux Fort, St. Lucia, in the Caribbean. Spartan confers upon its graduates the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. Spartan graduates can practice medicine in 46 US states.

History
Spartan was established in Saint Lucia on January 7, 1980, as St. Lucia Health Sciences University. The first campus was located in Castries, the capital city. In November 1983, the school was renamed Spartan Health Sciences University and relocated to Vieux Fort.

In 1989, Spartan University started to participate in the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program under Title IV. They continued their participation Almost two thirds of their student body received these loans.

In 1997, it was listed from the World Directory of Medical Schools after the St. Lucia government  awkwardly knowledge of the existence of the school. Relationships between the government and the school have since improved, and today some of their graduates intern in the St. Lucia Ministry of Health.

The school started a nursing program in 2012, which by 2017 had graduated two classes of St. Lucian nurses.

Curriculum
The MD program at Spartan is a 14-trimester course of study that consists of three trimester per calendar year. trimesters 1-5 are completed at the Saint Lucia campus; semesters 6-10 consist of 80 weeks of clinical study that are completed at teaching hospitals approved by the university.

Spartan also has a school of nursing. The nursing program was chartered by The Government of St Lucia and is licensed the University. It is also accredited by the Monitoring Committee appointed by the Government of St. Lucia to ensure that standards are comparable to those set by the Liaison Committee of Medical Education as required by the Department of Education in the United States. A school of veterinary medicine was opened on January 14, 2015, and was developed in collaboration with Techmedics Inc.

Accreditation
Spartan Health Sciences University is chartered and licensed in Saint Lucia. The university was listed in the FAIMER International Medical Education Directory (IMED) and in the Avicenna Directory for medicine (both now continued)  The school is listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools In 2013, Spartan was granted provisional accreditation by the Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions (CAAMP-HP). The program was placed on probation from 2019-2022 by CAAMP-HP., as they were "unable to grant
a further extension of provisional accreditation, having exhausted the maximum period allowed for this category of accreditation".

Licensure outside the United States
In the United Kingdom, the General Medical Council has listed Spartan as an institution whose graduates (who started their course of study on or before December 31, 2008) are ineligible for licensure.

See also
 Medical school
 International medical graduate
 List of medical schools in the Caribbean

References

External links

Universities and colleges in Saint Lucia
Medical schools in the Caribbean
Vieux Fort, Saint Lucia
Universities and colleges established in 1980
1980 establishments in Saint Lucia
For-profit schools in North America


Philip of Spain is the name of several Spanish monarchs:

 Philip I of Castile or Philip I of Spain (1478–1506)
 Philip II of Spain (1527–1598)
 Philip III of Spain (1578–1621)
 Philip IV of Spain (1605–1665)
 Philip V of Spain (1683–1746)
 Philip of Spain (1712–1719)
 Philip VI of Spain (born 1968), known as Felipe VI of Spain


Luis Armando Checa Villamar (born December 21, 1983) is an Ecuadorian retired footballer who last time played with CD Clan Juvenil.

Club career
Luis started out at Deportivo Quito where he had a first good season. He had 27 appearances to start out with and attracted last season's champions El Nacional.

In 2007, Luis was awarded a move to Nacional by his impressive defending performances. However, he only had two appearances and former Nacional coach, Ever Hugo Almeida, was not interested in keeping him with the Quito giants. He finished the year playing on loan for Aucas. In 2008, he went back to Deportivo Quito and is still there currently. In December 2008, he helped Deportivo Quito win their third title in history.

Copa Sudamericana 2008
Luis helped Dep. Quito qualify for the Copa Sudamericana 2008. He made four appearances and was an important player for Sevilla's team. His team went on to eliminate Universitario de Deportes of Peru in a 2-1 aggregate win. Deportivo Quito then had to play Mexico's San Luis. Unfortunately, Deportivo Quito was eliminated from the tournament in a 5-4 aggregate loss. He scored one of the goals for Deportivo Quito.

International career
Luis has been called up to a friendly against Mexico on November 12, 2008. He is expected to be in the starting line-up for Ecuador. He was recently called up to play a quadrangular friendly tournament in Oman.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Quito
Men's association football central defenders
Ecuadorian men's footballers
Ecuador men's international footballers
2011 Copa América players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
C.D. El Nacional footballers
S.D. Quito footballers
S.D. Aucas footballers
Barcelona S.C. footballers