Nauzet Alemán Viera (born 25 February 1985), known simply as Nauzet, is a Spanish retired footballer who played mainly as a right midfielder.

He spent most of his career with Las Palmas, playing 273 competitive games and scoring 40 goals. In La Liga, he also represented Valladolid.

Club career
Born in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Nauzet made his debuts with hometown's UD Las Palmas during 2003–04's second division, playing ten games for an eventual relegation. He subsequently became an automatic first-choice.

In the 2005–06 season, Nauzet was instrumental as his team once again returned to the second level: in the last minutes of a match at Real Sociedad B, in the first round of the promotion play-offs, he scored a goal which would relegate the Basques. Additionally, in the decisive contest against CD Linares, he set up Marcos Márquez for the game's only goal.

In late June 2009, not having renewed his contract with Las Palmas, Nauzet signed for La Liga club Real Valladolid, penning a three-year deal. He made his league debut on 30 August as a starter at UD Almería, being sacrificed in the 15th minute of the game after defender Nivaldo was sent off (eventual 0–0 draw); he then proceeded to net four times in the next six matches, including twice against Deportivo de La Coruña on 25 October (4–0 home win), but the Castile and León side was eventually relegated at the season's end.

On 8 September 2011, Nauzet scored four goals against Gimnàstic de Tarragona for the campaign's Copa del Rey, in a 6–0 home win. In February 2016, after being assaulted in a nightclub, he was separated from the first team squad for 15 days.

On 7 July 2016, Nauzet terminated his contract with Las Palmas. On 13 August 2017, after a year without a club, he joined Almería in the second division, but left at his own request on 12 December.

On 1 January 2018, Nauzet announced his retirement at the age of 32.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Las Palmas
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
UD Las Palmas Atlético players
UD Las Palmas players
Real Valladolid players
UD Almería players
Spain men's youth international footballers


You've Got A Friend is the eighth album from American gospel music artist Susie Luchsinger. It was released on 2003 on New Haven Records.

Track listing
"Wonderful, Merciful Savior"  - 4:01
"Have I Told You Lately" (Van Morrison)
"How Sweet It Is" (Holland-Dozier-Holland)  - 3:32
"You've Got A Friend" (Carole King)
"Lean On Me" (Bill Withers)
"The Little Girl"
"There Is A Fountain" (William Cowper)
"I Can See Clearly"
"Shower The People You Love"
"Two Sparrows In A Hurricane"
"Celebrate"

2003 albums
Susie McEntire albums


Évelyne Didier (born 14 March 1948) was a member of the Senate of France.

French Senate
She has represented the Meurthe-et-Moselle department.

Party Membership
She is a member of the Communist, Republican, and Citizen Group.

Other positions held
 Mayor of Conflans-en-Jarnisy since 2008.
 Counsel-general for Meurthe-et-Moselle, and for the canton of Conflans-en-Jarnisy.

References
Home page
Page on the Senate website

1948 births
Living people
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Women members of the Senate (France)
Women mayors of places in France
21st-century French women politicians
Senators of Meurthe-et-Moselle
French Communist Party politicians
Mayors of places in Grand Est


The Edwin Mellen Press, sometimes stylised as Mellen Press, is an academic publisher. It was founded in 1972 by theology professor Herbert W. Richardson. It has been involved in a number of notable legal and academic controversies, sometimes being labeled as a vanity press. Most, but not all, of its published works are in English.

History
Following its founding in 1972, the publishing house was initially meant to publish specialized scholarship produced in Richardson's department at the University of St Michael's College, Early publications included bibliographies, translations, and dissertations completed by faculty and doctoral students at the University of Toronto. The house was named after Richardson's grandfather, Edwin Mellen, whom he describes as a lover of books. As was Edwin Mellen University, a private university located on Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands operated by Richardson since 1992.

Under Richardson, the publishing house grew and began publishing works by various scholars outside of the University of Toronto, widening its topics to the broader humanities and social sciences. By 1979 it had moved to new locations in Lewiston, New York and Queenston, Canada. Its office in Lampeter, Wales opened in 1987. By 1990 it was publishing up to 150 titles a year. Following Richardson's professional parting with St Michael's College following a gross misconduct investigation and a dismissal in October of 1994 he began focussing more attention towards his publishing business raising the number works published a year to 350.

Scholarly publishing
The Mellen Press describes its ethos when selecting works to publish as valuing "scholar-for-scholar research more than anything", stating "the sole criterion for publication is that the manuscript must make a contribution to scholarship". Its publications are peer-reviewed. Research libraries constitute its primary customer base.

Its Adèle Mellen Prize is awarded to an author for a book which, in the considered judgment of the press’ peer-reviewers, is deemed to make a "distinguished contribution to scholarship".

Reception
The Edwin Mellen Press has been described by some critics as a vanity press. Contrary to this assertion the publisher stresses it is a "non-subsidy academic publisher" and does not accept payments from authors for purposes of publishing their work. According to Miles it "accepts no author subsidies, but also pays no royalties" and expects authors to provide "error free, camera-ready copy" by themselves. It has been often taken legal action against critics repeating the claim of it being a vanity press. Some critics claim that this has further damaged its reputation.

The publisher's litigiousness began in 1993, when its former employee Robert West contacted the American academic magazine Lingua Franca. He urged the magazine to publish an exposé and described the publishing house's founder, Richardson, as a "rogue professor" operating a "vanity press". Lingua Franca published an article by Warren St John as the cover story of its September/October 1993 issue. The article described the publishing house as a "quasi-vanity press cunningly disguised as an academic publishing house" and, in particular, ridiculed a book it had published by Joseph R. Washington, Jr. In response, the publisher sued West and Lingua Franca for libel. The 1994 case against West was settled by West's letter of regret to Richardson for "the difficulties he had with Lingua Franca magazine and the University of Toronto". In it he stated "I do not believe Herbert Richardson to be a 'rogue professor' nor do I believe that the Edwin Mellen Press was organized to be a vanity operation". However, in 1996, the publisher lost its lawsuit against Lingua Franca on grounds that the article in dispute was "supported by an honest assessment of the facts at hand when the article was published".

In 1998, the press sued Oxford University Press concerning a review in one of its publications (the Journal of Theological Studies) which claimed the Edwin Mellen Press to be a vanity press. In a subsequent issue of the journal, Oxford University Press retracted the offending statements, apologized, and published a new review.

In 2009, the press was successful in suing the academic Thom Brooks for blog postings found by the court to be defamatory. One of these was titled "More reasons to avoid Edwin Mellen Press". Brooks was required to pay financial damages and offered his "sincere apologies" to the Press saying he accepts "without reservation that Mellen does not charge authors anything to have their works published" and "now accepts that there was no truth in any of those allegations and that the criticisms he made...were unjustified".

In 2012, the press pursued lawsuits against McMaster University and one of its librarians, Dale Askey. He had criticized Mellen Press on a blog post, which had been deleted prior to the publisher filing suit. The Canadian Association of University Teachers and others condemned the press for what they called SLAPP lawsuits intended to curtail academic freedom. Martha Reineke started a petition demanding that the press drop the suits. It garnered 2,691 signatures. According to coverage of this event in the Chronicle of Higher Education, more than 30 scholarly organizations condemned the press. Which in turn maintained that its good reputation was at stake and had prompted the suit. In February 2015, the last of the lawsuits was settled out of court. Askey said, "The outcome of this case is essentially a neutral outcome for academic freedom. Both parties walk away from the matter admitting nothing and resolving nothing".

In 2013, the Press threatened legal action against the Society for Scholarly Publishing for publishing blog posts containing what it characterized as "disparaging comments" and for allowing "libelous statements" to be posted in the reader comments section on The Scholarly Kitchen. These posts were first removed and then restored in their entirety; but a reader comment which Mellen Press had found objectionable was removed.

Footnotes

References

External links

Academic publishing companies
Publishing companies established in 1972
Book publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Printing companies of the United States
Printing companies of the United Kingdom
Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Book publishing companies based in New York (state)
Companies based in New York (state)
Publishing companies established in the 1970s
Organizations established in 1972
Reference publishers


Jean-François Voguet (8 August 1949 – 2 February 2021) was a French politician. He was a member of the Senate of France from 2004–2011, representing the Val-de-Marne department.  He was also a member of the Communist, Republican, and Citizen Group.

Voguet died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

References

 Page on the Senate website

1949 births
2021 deaths
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Val-de-Marne
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
French Communist Party politicians
Mayors of places in Île-de-France


Guy Fischer (born 12 January 1944 in Décines-Charpieu – died 1 November 2014,) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Rhône department.  He was a member of the French Communist Party and of the Communist, Republican, and Citizen Group.

References

Page on the Senate website

1944 births
2014 deaths
People from Décines-Charpieu
French Communist Party politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Rhône (department)


The 2010 Maine gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 2010. Incumbent Democratic Governor John Baldacci was term-limited and unable to seek re-election. Primary elections took place on June 8, 2010. The candidates who appeared on the November ballot were (in alphabetical order by last name):  Eliot Cutler (Independent), Paul LePage (Republican), Libby Mitchell (Democrat), Shawn Moody (Independent), and Kevin Scott (Independent).

With 94% of precincts reporting on the day after the election, the Bangor Daily News declared LePage the winner, carrying 38.1% of the votes. Cutler was in second place with 36.7% of the votes (less than 7,500 votes behind LePage), while Mitchell was a distant third with 19%. Moody and Scott had 5% and 1%, respectively. Two days after the election, with 99% of precincts reporting, LePage's lead over Cutler had widened to more than 10,000 votes. This election was the first since 1990 that Republicans won a gubernatorial election in Maine.

Democratic primary

Candidates

On ballot
Patrick K. McGowan, former State Conservation Commissioner
Elizabeth "Libby" Mitchell, President of the Maine Senate and candidate for U. S. Senate in 1984
Steven Rowe, former Maine Attorney General and former state representative
Rosa Scarcelli, business owner

Write-in
Donna Dion, former Mayor of Biddeford. Did not appear on the ballot due to lack of petition signatures, but continued her campaign in the primary as a write-in candidate.

Withdrawn
Dawn Hill, State Representative. Hill withdrew from the race on January 1, 2010, citing the crowded field of candidates.
John G. Richardson, former Commissioner of Economic and Community Development and former Speaker of the House. Richardson withdrew from the race on April 26 amid allegations that some of his campaign workers had not followed proper procedures for collecting donations to qualify him for Maine Clean Election funding. The primary ballots had already been printed before Richardson withdrew from the race, so Richardson's name appeared on the ballot even though he was no longer a candidate.
Peter Truman (also known as Peter Throumoulos), former state representative and convicted forger. Did not appear on the ballot due to lack of petition signatures.

Declined
Brian Bolduc, state representative
Tom Allen, former U.S. Representative

Polling

Results

At 11:32 p.m. EDT, WCSH declared Libby Mitchell the winner of the Democratic primary.

Republican primary

Candidates

On ballot
Steve Abbott, former chief of staff for Senator Susan Collins
William Beardsley, former president of Husson University
Matt Jacobson, president of Maine & Company, a private business attraction organization; former President of the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad
Paul LePage, Mayor of Waterville and general manager of Marden's Surplus & Salvage store chain
Peter Mills, State Senator and candidate for governor in 2006
Les Otten, founder of American Skiing Company and former Boston Red Sox co-owner
Bruce Poliquin, business owner/manager and economist

Declined
 Peter Cianchette, United States Ambassador to Costa Rica and 2002 Republican nominee for governor
 Kevin Raye, State Senate Minority Leader
 Josh Tardy, State House Minority Leader

Polling

Results

At 11:19 p.m. EDT, WCSH declared Paul LePage the winner of the GOP primary.

Independents

Candidates on the ballot
Eliot Cutler, attorney, former staff member for U.S. Senator Edmund Muskie, and former adviser to President Jimmy Carter
Shawn Moody, business owner
Kevin L. Scott, business owner

Write-in candidates

 John Jenkins, former state senator, former mayor of both Auburn and Lewiston, and a 2002 gubernatorial candidate. Jenkins, who won his most recent mayoral campaign by write-in, declared he would run for Governor of Maine if 5,000 people followed his Facebook fan page within 45 days.
Beverly Cooper-Pete. Did not appear on the ballot due to lack of petition signatures, but continued her campaign as a write-in candidate.

Disqualified candidates

Alex Hammer, business owner and self-published author. Did not appear on the ballot due to not meeting the deadline for turning in petition signatures. Hammer attempted to turn in some of the signatures electronically, but the Secretary of State ruled that such methods were not allowed. Hammer filed suit to appear on the ballot in Penobscot County Superior Court on June 28, 2010. On September 28, 2010, the judge upheld the Secretary of State's decision.

Withdrawn

Samme Bailey. Did not appear on the ballot due to lack of petition signatures.
Augustus Edgerton. Did not appear on the ballot due to lack of petition signatures.
Michael Heath, former leader of the Christian Civic League of Maine (now known as the Maine Family Policy Council). Withdrew from the race due to lack of petition signatures.
John Whitcomb. Did not appear on the ballot due to lack of petition signatures.

Maine Green Independent Party
The Maine Green Independent Party did not have a gubernatorial candidate on the ballot, as no candidate collected required number of signatures.

Withdrawn
Lynne Williams, attorney and former state chair of the Maine Green Independent Party. On March 15, 2010, Lynne Williams announced her withdrawal from the campaign, citing a lack of clean elections funds and qualifying signatures.
Patrick Quinlan, political activist, author, and lone legislative aide of Maine Green Independent Party caucus in state House of Representatives for 2004 and 2005; former campaign manager and consultant for Green state representative John Eder

General election

Predictions

Polling

* Shawn Moody and Kevin Scott, two Independent candidates who appeared on the ballot, were not offered as choices in the Rasmussen polls.

Results

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
 Androscoggin (largest city: Lewiston)
 Aroostook (largest city: Presque Isle)
 Kennebec (largest city: Augusta)
 Oxford (largest town: Rumford)
 Penobscot (largest city: Bangor)
 Lincoln (Largest city: Waldoboro)
 Waldo (Largest city: Belfast)
 York (largest town:Biddeford)

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Independent
 Sagadahoc (largest town:Bath)
 Cumberland (largest municipality: Portland)
 Hancock (largest municipality: Ellsworth)
 Knox (largest municipality: Rockland)

See also
Governor of Maine
List of governors of Maine

References

External links
Maine Secretary of State – Elections Division
Maine Governor Candidates at Project Vote Smart
Campaign contributions for 2010 Maine Governor from Follow the Money
Maine Governor 2010 from OurCampaigns.com
2010 Maine Gubernatorial General Election: Paul LePage (R) vs Libby Mitchell (D) graph of multiple polls from Pollster.com
Election 2010: Maine Governor from Rasmussen Reports
2010 Maine Governor – LePage vs. Mitchell vs. Cutler from Real Clear Politics
2010 Maine Governor's Race from CQ Politics
Race Profile in The New York Times

Official campaign websites (Archived)
Patrick McGowan (D)
Elizabeth "Libby" Mitchell (D)
Steven Rowe (D)
Rosa Scarcelli (D)
Steven Abbott (R)
William Beardsley (R)
Matt Jacobson (R)
Paul LePage (R)
Peter Mills (R)
Les Otten (R)
Bruce Poliquin (R)
Eliot Cutler (I)
Alex Hammer (I)
Shawn Moody (I)
Kevin Scott (I)

Debates
 Debate hosted by the Associated General Contractors of America (Democrats, Republicans, and Cutler)
 Democrat debate hosted by WCSH-TV, Part 1
 Democrat debate hosted by WCSH-TV, Part 2
 Republican debate hosted by WCSH-TV, Part 1
 Republican debate hosted by WCSH-TV, Part 2
 Democrat debate hosted by WMTW-TV and University of Southern Maine, Part 1
 Democrat debate hosted by WMTW-TV and University of Southern Maine, Part 2
 Republican debate hosted by WMTW-TV and University of Southern Maine, Part 1
 Republican debate hosted by WMTW-TV and University of Southern Maine, Part 2
 Democrat debate hosted by Maine Public Broadcasting
 Republican debate hosted by Maine Public Broadcasting
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WGME-TV and MaineToday Media, Part 1
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WGME-TV and MaineToday Media, Part 2
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WMTW-TV and University of Southern Maine, Part 1
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WMTW-TV and University of Southern Maine, Part 2
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WCSH-TV and Maine State Chamber of Commerce, Part 1
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WCSH-TV and Maine State Chamber of Commerce, Part 2
 Debate featuring four of the five general election candidates (LePage chose not to participate), hosted by MPBN and Bates College
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WGME-TV, WGAN-AM, and MaineToday Media, Part 1
 Debate featuring all five general election candidates, hosted by WGME-TV, WGAN-AM, and MaineToday Media, Part 2

Candidate interviews
Interview with Democratic candidate Donna Dion
Interview with Republican candidate Les Otten
Interview with Democratic candidate Rosa Scarcelli
Interview with Republican candidate Paul LePage
Interview with Democratic candidate Libby Mitchell
Interview with Independent Alex Hammer
Interview with Republican candidate Paul LePage
Interview with Democratic candidate Libby Mitchell
Interview with Republican candidate Bruce Poliquin
Interview with Democratic candidate Steven Rowe
Interview with Green candidate Lynne Williams
Interview with Independent candidate Shawn Moody

Gubernatorial
2010
2010 United States gubernatorial elections


Marilyn Kaytor (July 26, 1929 – October 20, 2007) was an American journalist, editor and author internationally known for writing about cooking, style, and fashion.

Life and career

Kaytor was born Marilyn Miller on July 26, 1929, in Kinmundy, Illinois. Her father, Arno Hugo Miller, was formerly a clerk in the Chicago Stock Yards and, later, a banking executive.  Her mother, Dorcas Harvey Miller, was, at one time, a stenographer in an automobile factory. She attended local schools. In October 1951 she received her Bachelor of Science Degree in home economics from the University of Illinois. In 1952 Kaytor moved to New York City to attend graduate school at Columbia University.

Soon thereafter, Kaytor began her career as one of the first journalists to write about food for a mass audience. In the early 1950s she started writing about international cuisine and cooking for newspapers and magazines. This led to a position at Look magazine, a popular bi-weekly general interest publication.

At Look magazine

For 12 years Kaytor was Look's food editor. In the era before there were professional food writers, Kaytor stood out. She conceived the ideas for her articles, traveled to scout locations, gathered props, tested recipes, and styled the photo shoots.  These took her around the world.

During the 1960s, Kaytor hired prominent photographers from the fashion world to work on her photo shoots. Among these were Irving Penn, Ben Somoroff, Hiro, and Arthur Rothstein. The visually stunning food layouts were artistic enough to be added to collections in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Library of Congress.

At a time when Americans were just starting to wake up to foreign cuisine, notably French, she told a mass audience about cooking international dishes. She presented stories on food from the West Indies to the Balkans. For example, when Julia Child was beginning to make French cooking popular, Kaytor, in 1963, wrote that more than any other culture in the world, the French "have elevated cooking to a fine creative art." She said, "good food and wine, plus good company and conversation, are as important to the French as the quality of the music they listen to and the paintings they look at."

Writing career

For almost forty years, Kaytor wrote about food and style. Despite the demise of Look in 1971, Kaytor continued to sell freelance articles. She wrote for The New York Times, Esquire, New York, the Los Angeles Times, Bon Appétit, The Saturday Evening Post, Pageant, and many others.

In 1975 Kaytor wrote "21" The Life and Times of New York's Favorite Club. The 175-page illustrated book was published by the Viking Press to wide acclaim; it remains the definitive book about the 21 Club.

In 1981 Kaytor traveled to the White House to write an article for The New York Times about the Family Dining Room. She described First Lady Nancy Reagan's taste: “Yellow is the predominant color, and she has added furniture from her California home, colorful fabrics, needlepoint pillows and a gallery of pictures of family and friends.”

 Personal life

Kaytor's first husband was fellow Kinmundy native Richard Maulding.  They were married on June 8, 1947. The couple, both graduates of Kinmundy-Alma High School, briefly attended Southern Illinois University at Carbondale before transferring to the University of Illinois.  Maulding later became an anesthesiologist, practicing in Carbondale.

Kaytor's second husband was painter Albert Kaytor, of Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, whom she met at the University of Illinois. They were married on Feb 9, 1952, at Queen of All Saints Roman Catholic Church in Fort Greene, Brooklyn. The couple lived in Brooklyn after their wedding. Albert Kaytor, an instructor at Pratt Institute, rose to become associate art director for CBS. He died in 1963.

Kaytor became involved with author and journalist Robert Ruark at this time. She lived in Ruark's villa in Palamos, Spain, and the couple was planning a wedding in 1965 when Ruark died in London of complications from alcoholism. Ruark left his Spanish estate to Kaytor, a bequest that was unsuccessfully challenged by Ruark's family in court.

Kaytor was married and divorced at least one other time: in the late 1960s to Manhattan art dealer Walter Randel.

 Death and legacy

On Oct 20, 2007, Kaytor was discovered dead in her second-floor apartment at 111 East 79th Street, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Kaytor had lived in the apartment for about thirty years. Firefighters were called to an apartment fire and found Kaytor's body in bed.

The New York Medical Examiner's office determined that Kaytor had died of natural causes, yet the fire department determined the source of the fire was likely caused by Kaytor smoking in bed.

Kaytor's remains were returned to her home state of Illinois for burial.

Following Kaytor's death, some of the contents of her apartment were sold at auction by Doyle New York. Among these were twin elephant tusks that had belonged to Robert Ruark for $25,000; an Andy Warhol piece, Untitled (Gold Shoe) sold for $205,000; and a second Warhol ink and watercolor, Untitled (Floral Still Life)'', for $145,000.

References

American food writers
American women journalists
American socialites
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
People from Marion County, Illinois
1929 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American women
21st-century American women


Isleham railway station is a disused railway station on the Cambridge to Mildenhall railway in England.  The station was on the outskirts of the village of Isleham, Cambridgeshire and closed for passengers in 1962 and freight in 1964.

References

External links
 Isleham station on navigable 1946 O. S. map
 Photograph of station on www.eastanglianrailwayarchive.co.uk
 Photograph of station on www.isleham-village.co.uk
 Isleham at Disused Stations

Disused railway stations in Cambridgeshire
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1885
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
railway station


In computer science, more particular in the theory of formal languages, a counter automaton, or counter machine, is a pushdown automaton with only two symbols,  and the initial symbol in , the finite set of stack symbols.

Equivalently, a counter automaton is a nondeterministic finite automaton with an additional memory cell that can hold one nonnegative integer number (of unlimited size), which can be incremented, decremented, and tested for being zero.

Properties
The class of counter automata can recognize a proper superset of the regular and a subset of the deterministic context free languages.

For example, the language  is a non-regular language accepted by a counter automaton: It can use the symbol  to count the number of s in a given input string  (writing an  for each  in ), after that, it can delete an  for each  in .

A two-counter automaton, that is, a two-stack Turing machine with a two-symbol alphabet, can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine.

Notes

References

Automata (computation)
Models of computation


Chariots of the Gods () is a 1970 West German documentary film directed by Harald Reinl. It is based on Erich von Däniken's book Chariots of the Gods?, a pseudoscientific book that theorizes extraterrestrials impacted early human life and evolution. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

Synopsis
The film begins by introducing the cargo cults established by South Pacific Natives after coming in contact with American planes in World War II. It claims that it is likely that all religions began in a similar fashion. The viewer is then presented with various ancient texts, architecture, and artwork. Some of these include the Bible, the Pyramids, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and the Nazca Lines.

Release
The film was re-edited and dubbed into English by Sunn Classic Pictures for release in the United States in 1973.

Reception
The U.S. release of Chariots of Gods grossed $25,948,300.
Film critic Phil Hall said "They don't make films like this any more, and we should be glad for that." The film was criticized for a lack of scientific evidence.
Anthropologist Robert Ardrey called it science fiction.

Soundtrack charts

References

External links

1970 films
1970 documentary films
German documentary films
1970s German-language films
Films directed by Harald Reinl
Films about extraterrestrial life
Films based on non-fiction books
Films shot in Egypt
Films shot in Iraq
Films shot in Peru
Ancient astronaut speculation
Pseudoscience documentary films
1970s German films


George Edward Hughes (April 15, 1854 – November 4, 1937) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 5th Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1900 to 1912 and 2nd Queens from 1915 to 1923 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Charlottetown, the son of Frederick W. Hughes and Margaret Binns. Hughes was educated at Prince of Wales College and St. Dunstan's College. He studied medicine with Dr. Frank D. Beer and then opened a drug store in Charlottetown. Hughes served as a member of the Charlottetown City Council and was also president of the Board of Trade. He also helped establish the Prince Edward Island Development and Tourist Association and served as its president. He was a member of the province's Executive Council.

Hughes was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1912 and in 1923.

He married Anna Gordon Boyle in 1878. Hughes owned a farm in Brookfield where he raised horses for harness racing and cattle. He died in Charlottetown at the age of 83.

One of the locations where Hughes operated as a druggist, known as DesBrisay Block or Apothecaries Hall, is now designated as a National Historic Site of Canada.

References
 MacKinnon, DA & Warburton, AB Past and Present of Prince Edward Island ... (1906) pp. 574–5

1854 births
1937 deaths
Charlottetown city councillors
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party MLAs


Jiří Pospíšil (born 24 November 1975) is a Czech politician, who was leader of TOP 09 from November 2017 until November 2019. As a deputy for the Civic Democratic Party, Pospíšil served twice as Czech Minister of Justice: between 2006 and 2009 under Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek, and then again from 2010 to 2012 in the government of Petr Nečas. Pospíšil was a member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 2002 to 2014.

Career
Born in Chomutov, Pospíšil graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of West Bohemia in 1999. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Dean of the same faculty. From 2010 until June 2012 he was Justice Minister again, in the Government of Petr Nečas.

Pospíšil, a former member of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), ran in the 2014 European Parliament election for TOP 09. He received the most preferential votes of all candidates in the election.

On 26 November 2017, he was elected leader of TOP 09, replacing co-founder Miroslav Kalousek. He stepped down as leader on 24 November 2019.

References

External links
 Official biography

1975 births
Living people
Justice ministers of the Czech Republic
21st-century Czech lawyers
People from Chomutov
Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic) MPs
MEPs for the Czech Republic 2014–2019
Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic) Government ministers
TOP 09 MEPs
Civic Democratic Alliance politicians
University of West Bohemia alumni
Academic staff of the University of West Bohemia
Young Conservatives (Czech Republic) politicians
Leaders of TOP 09
MEPs for the Czech Republic 2019–2024
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic (2013–2017)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic (2010–2013)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic (2006–2010)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic (2002–2006)


The Abaco Independence Movement (AIM) was a Bahamian political party formed shortly after the Bahamas became independent in August 1973. Its stated aim was self-determination for the Abaco islands within a federal Bahamas. In October 1973, AIM published a newsletter to launch its campaign for 'self-determination through legal and peaceful political action'.

History

AIM proposed that all Crown land on Abaco should be placed in a land trust. Each citizen would receive a one-acre home lot from the trust and a share of revenue from land sales and leases. The land trust would enter into a joint venture to develop a 60 sq mile free trade zone. When AIM was formed by Chuck Hall and Bert Williams, they contacted an American financier named Michael Oliver, who through his libertarian Phoenix Foundation agreed to support AIM financially. The Phoenix Foundation had previously sought to establish a libertarian enclave in the South Pacific, the Republic of Minerva. AIM's first convention, held on February 23, 1974, was addressed by John Hospers, the Libertarian Party's 1972 US presidential candidate. Hospers was later refused entry to the Bahamas. British MP Colin Campbell Mitchell also visited Abaco to offer support.

Around May 1974, reports emerged of a group called 20th Century Revolutionaries whose appeared intent on overthrowing Abaco's central government. AIM denounced the group.

In February 1975, an article appeared in Esquire magazine claiming that plans for an insurrection in Abaco were underway. Mitchell WerBell, an American arms-dealer and mercenary, claimed that Abaco would declare unilateral independence. It was claimed that WerBell was managing and financing AIM and had been recruiting mercenaries to go to Abaco. Although no arrests or charges relating to an insurrection were made, AIM's involvement with WerBell (which included visits to his Georgia estate) greatly discredited AIM. In March 1975, AIM changed its name.

The new Abaco Home Rule Movement denied any military objectives and published a draft constitution for a proposed Abaco Commonwealth, based on libertarian principles. The results of the 1977 general election, in which the Progressive Liberal Party won 30 seats of 38 seats in Parliament including Abaco-Coopers Town, was a major disappointment for AHRM and effectively marked the end of the movement. The AIM newspaper, The Abaco Independent ceased publication in 1977.

Flag

The AIM flag showed a lighthouse (presumably the lighthouse at Hopetown) amidst a sunburst.

References

Further reading
Dodge, Steve. Abaco: The History of an Out Island and Its Cays. Decatur: White Sound Press, 1983.

1973 establishments in the Bahamas
Secessionist organizations

Libertarianism in North America
Controversies within libertarianism
Abaco Islands


Slabber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Gerrie Slabber, South African rugby league player
 Jamie Slabber (born 1984), English footballer
 Wilbur Slabber (born 1980), Namibian cricketer


Catherine Tasca (born 13 December 1941 in Lyon) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as a member of the Senate of France, representing the Yvelines department from 2004 to 2017, including as the Senate's vice-president. From 2000 to 2002 she was Minister of Culture in France.

Early life and education
Tasca is the daughter of Angelo Tasca, a former founding member of the Communist Party of Italy from Piedmont. After expulsion from the Communist Party, Angelo went into exile in France. There he joined the French Section of the Workers' International in 1934 and later supported the Vichy regime in the 1940s.

Political career
During her time as Minister of Culture, Tasca caused a diplomatic incident when she announced that she would boycott the opening of the Paris Book Fair in 2002, which celebrated Italy, if it were attended by Italy's right-wing prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi.

Ahead of the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Tasca endorsed Martine Aubry as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.

References

External links
Page on the Senate website

1941 births
Living people
Politicians from Lyon
French people of Italian descent
People of Piedmontese descent
Unified Socialist Party (France) politicians
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French Ministers of Culture
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Yvelines
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Women members of the Senate (France)
Women government ministers of France
Sciences Po alumni
École nationale d'administration alumni
20th-century French women politicians
21st-century French women politicians


Mercy Flights is a ground ambulance and air medical transport service based in Medford, Oregon, United States.

Mercy Flights was founded as a non-profit organization in 1949 by George Milligan, an air traffic controller in Medford, after a friend of his died of polio in Southern Oregon, unable to survive the long, slow ground transport to Portland. William Edward Brooks, who later moved to Alaska, also claims to have founded the organization.

Through fundraising efforts by schoolchildren, scouts, and others in the community, George Milligan raised enough money to buy the first aircraft, a twin engine Cessna, which was known as the bamboo bomber. The "Museum of Flight" in Seattle, Washington has Mercy Flights Retired plane "Iron Annie" on display, the Beech C-45H Expeditor was used on over 1100 missions in remote areas of Oregon, Washington and California.

A membership program was established which provided people in the community an opportunity to contribute to Mercy Flights, while ensuring that they would be financially covered in the event that they needed air medical transportation. To date, Mercy Flights has flown more than 15,000 patients throughout the western United States. Mercy Flights' ground ambulance service currently serves more than 25,000 patients each year. Mercy Flights currently has two King Air C-90s, which are pressurized up to 30,000 feet.

In 1992, Mercy Flights purchased Medford Ambulance Service, expanding operations to include ground ambulance transportation in an effort to build a regional medical transportation network. In 1993, Mercy Flights acquired Rogue Ambulance, expanding its service area to include the communities of White City, Eagle Point, and Shady Cove.

In the past, the outlying communities of Prospect and Butte Falls were served by all volunteer ambulance services, which were struggling with the financial difficulties of operating ambulances in the nineties. Through a cooperative effort, these first responders and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) continue to serve their communities, but now do so as a valuable part of the Mercy Flights organization. These communities benefit from the assurance of consistent, professional emergency medical services and a stronger economic base, and the EMTs benefit through increased training, improved equipment, and some financial compensation for the crucial role they play.

In 1995, Mercy Flights and Timberland entered a joint effort to provide an emergency helicopter service available to all citizens and agencies within a 150-mile radius of Medford, further expanding the type of medical transportation provided. This added resource allows rapid transport for critical patients, as well as improved access to remote areas. Mercy Flights operates a twin-engine Eurocopter BO-105. It’s fully customized with state-of-the-art in-flight medical equipment. This light, compact helicopter has four composite rotor blades to ensure manoeuvrability. All of its main systems (hydraulics, electric, fuel, lubrication) were designed to be fully redundant.

Mercy Flights sponsors an EMS specific Explorer post through the Learning for Life program of the Boy Scouts of America. Through this program, young people between the ages of 16 and 21 receive training and experience in EMS and are able to "explore" this as a career option. The young explorers are medically trained at a First Responder level and are used at large public events, scouting events, and disaster relief efforts such as the flooding problems experienced by Jackson County in January 1997.

In February 2023, Mercy Flights received a grant worth more than $260,000 from the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission to create an emergency medical services apprenticeship program.

See also
 Flight Paramedic
 Emergency medical responder levels by state
MEDEVAC
Emergency medical service
Air Ambulances in the United States
Safety of emergency medical services flights
Commission on Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems

References

Specific

External links
 Mercy Flights

Companies based in Medford, Oregon
Air ambulance services in the United States
Health care companies established in 1949
1949 establishments in Oregon
Medical and health organizations based in Oregon
Transport companies established in 1949


Monique Papon (5 October 1934 – 6 June 2018) was a French politician who was member of the Senate of France, representing the Loire-Atlantique department.  She was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement; most recently she served as a vice-president of the Senate.

Papon was elected to the National Assembly from Loire-Atlantique between 1986 and 1997, successively affiliated with the Union for French Democracy, Centrist Union group, and the Union for a Popular Movement group. A member of the political bureau of the Union pour la démocratie française since 1995, she was elected senator September 2001, in second position on the list led by André Trillard. She rejoined the Union for a Popular Movement on that date.
Defeated in her canton of Nantes in the elections of 2004, she carried out the function of secretary of the French Senate until October 2008, when she was elected Vice President of the High Assembly.

In 2010, Papon was awarded an Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon by President of the Republic of China Ma Ying-jeou. She received the Legion of Honour in 2012, as an officer of the order. Papon died on 6 June 2018.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Women members of the Senate (France)
21st-century French women politicians
Senators of Loire-Atlantique
Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 8th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Union for French Democracy politicians
20th-century French women


The Württemberg T 6 was a German, 0-8-0T, goods train, tank locomotive operated by the Royal Württemberg State Railways.

The T 6 was specially procured for heavy shunting duties and was mainly used in the Stuttgart area.

Locomotive number 1407 was handed over to the French Chemins de fer de l'État in 1919 and allocated number 40-903.
The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over the remaining eleven locomotives and grouped them into DRG Class 92.0 within their numbering plan.
Already by 1945 a number of the locomotives had been sold to private railways. Only number 92 004 ended up in the  Deutsche Bundesbahn, who sold it too, in 1950, to a private railway.

See also
Royal Württemberg State Railways
List of Württemberg locomotives and railbuses

References

0-8-0T locomotives
T 6
Esslingen locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1916
D h2t locomotives

Freight locomotives


James Marshall Shuler (born December 31, 1943) is a retired American politician. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1994–2012, representing the 12th district in the western part of the state. Shuler is a member of the Democratic Party.

Shuler served on the House committees on Agriculture (1994–2001), Agriculture, Chesapeake and Natural Resources (2002–2011), Corporations, Insurance and Banking (1994–2001), Education (2004–2011), Labor and Commerce (1994–1997), Militia, Police and Public Safety (2002–2011), Mining and Mineral Resources (1994–2001), and Science and Technology (1998–2001).

Early life, education
Shuler was born in Rockingham County, Virginia. He received a B.S. degree from Virginia Tech in 1966 and a doctorate in veterinary medicine from the University of Georgia in 1970.

Electoral history
Shuler served on the Blacksburg, Virginia Town Council 1982–1988.

In 1993, when Democrat Joan Munford retired from the House of Delegates 12th district seat after six terms, Shuler became the Democratic nominee, and won the seat.

The Republican majority substantially redrew the 12th district during the 2001 redistricting. The district, which had been based in Giles and Montgomery Counties, expanded northward to include all of Alleghany, Bath and Craig Counties, as well as the independent cities of Covington and Clifton Forge (which reverted to town status within Alleghany County in 2002); this put 18th district incumbent and fellow Democrat Creigh Deeds in the 12th with Shuler. Shuler moved from Blacksburg to Pulaski County and ran for the open 7th district seat, but lost to Republican Dave Nutter in the November 6, 2001 general election, while Deeds won in the redrawn 12th.

State Senator Emily Couric had died of pancreatic cancer on October 18, three weeks before the election, and Deeds won her seat in a special election on December 18. This created a vacancy in Shuler's old district, so he moved back to Blacksburg and won a 12th district special election on January 8, 2002. On the next day, when the House opened its new session, Shuler returned without an actual break in service.

Notes

External links
 (campaign finance)

1943 births
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Virginia city council members
American veterinarians
Male veterinarians
Virginia Tech alumni
University of Georgia alumni
People from Blacksburg, Virginia
People from Rockingham County, Virginia
21st-century American politicians


Roland du Luart (born 12 March 1940) is a former member of the Senate of France, who represented the Sarthe department. He was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement and served as one of the Senate's vice-presidents.

Since 2014, he has been the president of the Jockey-Club de Paris.

References
Page on the Senate website

1940 births
Living people
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Sarthe
Place of birth missing (living people)


Polite is a semi-regular general interest and humor magazine published in the United States. Its tagline is "Generally interesting."

History
The magazine was founded as a quarterly in August 2005 by college friends Justin Peters and Toby Warner. It switched to a twice-yearly format in January 2007 upon publication of its second issue.

The magazine publishes reportage, commentary, criticism, and satire, and specializes in  articles about serious (though unconventional) topics as well as (possibly) fictional profiles and trend pieces.

Contributors
Notable contributors have included Madison Smartt Bell, Peter Rock, Phil Campbell, Steve Almond, Byron Case, Emily Pecora, Bryce Wissel, and Davy Rothbart.

Awards
In 2007, Polite was nominated in the Utne Reader's Independent Press Awards competition as one of the Best New Magazines of 2007.

References

External links
 politemag.com, Official site
 Utne Reader summary

Satirical magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Biannual magazines published in the United States
Humor magazines
Independent magazines
Magazines established in 2005


Roger Romani (born 25 August 1934) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the city of Paris. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Currently he serves as a vice-president of the Senate.

References
Page on the Senate website

1934 births
Living people
French senators of the Fifth Republic
French people of Italian descent
Politicians from Paris
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Senators of Paris


Walter Giger (born September 6, 1943 in Zürich) is a Swiss chemist. He had been working at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), where he was the head of the division Chemische Problemstoffe. He has been a professor for environmental chemistry at the ETH Zurich since 1995.

Giger is a pioneer who advanced the field of trace organic analysis and its application to significant environmental problems. His research topics include development of analytical techniques for identification of organic pollutants in drinking water, wastewater and natural waters. He investigates their sources, occurrence and fate. In 1984, he discovered that in wastewater treatment plants nonylphenol ethoxylates are transformed to 4-nonylphenols, which are toxic to aquatic life. After several additional studies the use of nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates was restricted in the European Union in 2003.

Scientific career
Giger received his PhD in chemistry from ETH Zurich in 1971. In 1972, he was a Postdoc at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. In the same year, he took a new place of employment at the Eawag in Dübendorf and stayed there till his retirement. In the meantime, he was visiting scientist at the Stanford University and lecturer at the Universität Karlsruhe. In 2002, he became a member of the ISI Highly Cited Researchers Database.

In September 2008, the journal Environmental Science & Technology dedicated a special issue to him.

Literature
 Naomi Lubick: Scaling Peaks: The Life and Science of Walter Giger. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(17), 2008,

References

External links

Swiss chemists
Academic staff of ETH Zurich
Scientists from Zürich
Living people
1943 births


Philippe Richert (born 22 May 1953) is a French politician of The Republicans party (known as the Union for a Popular Movement until 2015), president of the regional council of Grand Est from 2016 to 2017. He previously was the president of the regional council of Alsace, until its dissolution on 1 January 2016.

From 1992 to 2010, Richert was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Bas-Rhin department, and was nominated as the responsible for the relations between the French Senate and the Israeli Knesset. He was Minister for Local authorities under the Minister of Interior, Overseas, Local authorities and Immigration from 14 November 2010 to 10 May 2012. He began his political career as a member of the Bas-Rhin Departmental Council, representing the La Petite Pierre canton. Mr. Richert is also the president of the Lalique Museum in Wingen-sur-Moder.

Works

References
Page on the Senate website
Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne

1953 births
Living people
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Presidents of the Regional Council of Grand Est
Regional councillors of Grand Est
Politicians from Grand Est
Presidents of the Alsace Regional Council
Senators of Bas-Rhin
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
University of Strasbourg alumni
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
French Protestants


Joan Pere Fontanella (Olot, 1576–Perpignan, 1649) was a Catalan judge and advocate.

Biography
As a co-instigator of the Reapers' War of 1640 while Conseller en Cap ("Head Counsellor") of Barcelona, he had to flee to France, settling in Perpignan in 1649, where he was elected to the city government.

He gained his scholarly reputation by publishing a report of decisions of the Royal Audience of Catalonia, the Catalan supreme court (Decisiones Sacri Regii Senatus Cathaloniae, 1639) and a two-volume manual on prenuptial agreements (Tractatus de pactis nuptialibus, 1612–22). Both are still cited today by courts in Catalonia.

References

Sources

1576 births
1680 deaths
Jurists from Catalonia
Spanish emigrants to France
People of the Reapers' War


René Garrec (24 December 1934 – 12 October 2023) was a French politician who was a member of the Senate, representing the Calvados department as a member of The Republicans. He died in Paris on 12 October 2023, at the age of 88.

References

Sources
Page on the Senate website

1934 births
2023 deaths
French people of Breton descent
Politicians from Normandy
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
University of Caen Normandy alumni
Academic staff of the University of Caen Normandy
Members of Parliament for Calvados
Senators of Calvados (department)


Victoria Park station may refer to:

Australia
 Victoria Park railway station, Melbourne
 Victoria Park railway station, Perth
 Victoria Park transfer station, a bus station in Western Australia

Canada
 Victoria Park station (Toronto), a subway station on the Line 2 Bloor-Danforth in Toronto, Ontario
 Victoria Park station (Kitchener), an LRT station on the Ion service in Kitchener, Ontario

Hong Kong
 Causeway Bay North station, also known as Victoria Park, a proposed railway station on the North Island Line

United Kingdom
 Victoria Park railway station (Northern Ireland), a station served by the Belfast and County Down Railway
 Victoria Park railway station (England), in London, the capital city of the United Kingdom
 Whiteinch Victoria Park railway station, in Glasgow, Scotland

See also
Victoria station (disambiguation)


Paul Kornfeld may refer to:

Paul Kornfeld (playwright) (1889–1942), Prague-born German-language Jewish expressionist
Paul Kornfeld (swimmer) (born 1987), American college champion in 2006–08


Huyler's was a candy and restaurant chain in the New York City metropolitan area that operated from 1874 to 1964, and for a time was the largest and most prominent chocolate maker in the United States. It was founded by John S. Huyler (rhymes with "Tyler"), who had grown up working in his father's bakery and ice cream store.

In 1883, the chain's candy factory was located at Irving Place and 18th Street in Manhattan. (The New York City Telephone Building occupied the opposite corner of 18th Street.) In a 1901 issue of The New York Times, the firm was on a list of businesses that had been in existence for at least 50 years. This is not consistent with the year when the company was founded, but may have included the shop run by Huyler's father. Huyler eventually became a trustee of Syracuse University. He died in 1910 at age 65.

Company history
John Seys Huyler was born in New York City on June 26, 1846, to David and Abigail Ann (née DeKlyn) Huyler. His father had a bakery and ice cream shop in Greenwich Village, probably on Jane Street. The family lived above the store. Huyler began working in his father's shop as a teenager. He began making a soft molasses candy and selling out of his father’s store.

John Huyler's first business was a shop on Broadway near 18th Street. It sold ice cream and candy. Huyler marketed his candy by placing a candy puller in the front store window, so that people walking by would stop and watch the candy being made. He saved the profit from the endeavor and put it back in his business, opening his first store in 1874. A few years later he opened three more stores in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Albany. In 1881 the company was incorporated and became known as Huyler’s, Inc. A factory was constructed at Eleventh and Bleecker Streets in New York City, to manufacture candy for sale in the various shops. This facility was quickly out-grown, and replaced around 1883 by a larger six-story factory and office located at 62-64 Irving Place and 18th Street. Huyler’s candies were manufactured in small batches, which cost more to produce, but allowed the company to monitor the quality of the products more carefully. While the main store was located at 863 Broadway, with a reputation for freshness and purity, by 1885 Huyler’s candies were sold in fashionable Newport, Rhode Island, and the resort communities of Saratoga, New York and Long Branch, New Jersey.

Milton S. Hershey arrived in New York in the spring of 1883 and worked employed at Huyler’s until 1885 when he returned to Lancaster, Pennsylvania to establish his own company.

Huyler made frequent trips to Europe to study new candy creations being developed in England, France, and Germany.

The six-story building at Irving Place sustained $70,000 worth of damage caused by a fire on June 18, 1889. The conflagration burned three floors of the structure completely. Another fire broke out at Huyler's on the night of January 27, 1917, in a brick building separated from the main part of the candy factory. Firemen struggled for more
than an hour to control the blaze which gutted a portion of the plant. One source believed the fire began because of defective insulation wires.

A Southern United States syndicate purchased Huyler's in December 1925.

In 1927 Huyler's candy and ice cream shops were owned by David A. Schulte, head of Schulte Stores. He envisioned opening five hundred stores within five years, to be operated by Huyler's Luncheonettes Inc. The new subsidiary maintained its offices at 110 East 13th Street.

The Irving Place site of Huyler's candy factory was acquired by a building syndicate in 1928. It planned to erect an apartment building in its place.

By 1955, the intellectual property of Huyler's was acquired by the Howard Johnson Company and eventually dissolved.

Legacy

At the time of his death on October 1, 1910, Huyler had 54 stores across America, supplied by 14 candy factories employing about 2,000 people.

Benjamin F. DeKlyn, an associate of John Huyler in the formation of the candy company, sold thirty shares of stock in Huyler's Inc., to Frank DeKlyn Huyler and Coulter D. Huyler, sons of the founder, in 1910, for $349,000. The other sons were John S. Huyler Jr., the youngest, and David Huyler. The former died after his father before reaching the age of 21. In an accounting filed in a New York Surrogate Court on October 21, 1926, the trust fund left by John S. Huyler for his three sons was found to have increased 100% over the previous thirteen years. Over the same period Huyler's widow, Mrs. Rosa F. Huyler Cooke, received $390,000 from a $500,000 trust fund.

The Huyler Building, built in Buffalo in 1926, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

References

External links

 History of Huyler’s Candy Company at Buffalo Architecture and History website
 Video documentary on Huyler’s Candy Company created by a descendant

Companies based in New York (state)
Cultural history of New York City
Defunct restaurant chains in the United States
1874 establishments in New York (state)
Restaurants established in 1874


Class 93 may refer to:
British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250), an unbuilt locomotive type, planned by British Rail.
British Rail Class 93 (Stadler), an upcoming tri-mode electric-diesel-battery locomotive, built by Stadler Rail.
DRG or DR Class 93, a German 2-8-2 tank locomotive operated by the  Deutsche Reichsbahn:
Class 93.0-4: Prussian T 14, PKP Class Tkt 1, SNCB Class 97
Class 93.5-12: Prussian T 14.1, Württemberg T 14, PKP-Class Tkt 2
Class 93.13-14: BBÖ Class 378
Class 93.15: ČSD Class 423.0
Class 93.1601 + 1602: MFWE Nos. 33 and 34
Class 93.1611 + 1612: PE Nos. 7 and 22
Class 93.64: diverse locomotives taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn
Class 93.65: locomotive taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn BStB No. 59
Class 93.66: diverse locomotives taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn
Class 93.67: locomotives taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn HBE Nos. 10 to 12


"Let's Just Do It" is a posthumous single by American rapper Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, and is the lead single from her posthumous album, Eye Legacy. Originally recorded by Lopes and her TLC bandmate Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins in 1998 for the group's third studio album FanMail, the track was shelved until 2009, when it was remixed to feature new vocals from fellow member Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas and rapper Missy Elliott.

Background
The song was originally produced by Dwight Reynolds and recorded in 1998 by Lopes and Watkins for possible inclusion in the 1999 multi-platinum FanMail. The song was left off the album as the hip hop beats did not fit the album's concept, as LaFace Records chose to have the album focus on futuristic electronic production.

In 2008, when Eye Legacy began production, "Let's Just Do It" was selected to be included on the album and be released as the lead single. Elliott and Thomas recorded new vocals on the song, and the track was remixed with a dance beat.

On June 2, 2014, a new version of the song was released that featured a new beat and rap from Lopes' younger sister Reigndrop Lopes.

Reception
"Let's Just Do It" received a positive review from Billboard magazine: "The energy that made the trio's upbeat singles international smashes is evident here, along with Lisa's essence—a reminder that TLC was among the most successful female R&B groups of all time. Originally recorded in 1998, the Heavy Weights and Marcus DL's production builds a catchy and contemporary rhythmic structure."

Chart performance
The track sold fewer than 1,000 downloads during the week of the single's release, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Because of this, the song failed to chart in the US Billboard charts and failed to be released worldwide.

Release history

Versions
 Original version (featuring T-Boz) – 4:47
 Album version (featuring Missy Elliott and TLC) – 3:37
 Album/Urban remix (featuring Missy Elliott and TLC) – 3:35
 Japan remix (featuring Missy Elliott and TLC) – 3:39
 EyeReignMix (featuring Missy Elliott, TLC and Reigndrop Lopes) – 3:46

References

External links

2009 singles
Lisa Lopes songs
Missy Elliott songs
Songs written by Lisa Lopes
Songs written by Missy Elliott
TLC (group) songs
1998 songs
Songs released posthumously


The Pan American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship  is the foremost intercollegiate team chess championship in the Americas. Hosted in part by the United States Chess Federation, the Pan-Am Intercollegiate is open to any team comprising four players and up to two alternates from the same post-secondary school (university, college, community college) in North America, Central America, South America, or the Caribbean. The Pan-Am began as such in 1946 (there had been earlier versions open to U.S. schools only), and is held annually, usually December 27–30. It has usually been held in the United States, but was hosted in Canada four times (1969, 1971, 1984, 1999). The current format is a six-round fixed-roster team Swiss-system tournament scored by team (not individual) points. Sometimes the Pan Am Intercollegiate is held as part of a larger event called the Pan American Chess Championship comprising the Pan-Am Intercollegiate, Pan-Am Scholastic Team Championship, and Pan-Am Open (for any individual).

Significance
For many years this tournament was, in effect, a national (or continental) championship.  For a few years in the 1970s, the Continental Chess Association held a rival intercollegiate tournament, but that was discontinued.  The Pan-Am should not be confused with the Campeonato PanAmericano de Ajedrez Universitario (PanAmerican University Chess Championships), which has been held since 2006 by the Confederación De Ajedrez Para America.

Since 2001, a separate invitational team tournament has been held:  the top four finishing US schools in the Pan-Am advance to the President's Cup (informally known as the "Final Four of College Chess" and typically held in the first weekend of April), which determines the US National College or University Champion.

Organization and Rules
The governing body for the Pan-Am is the College Chess Committee (CCC) of the United States Chess Federation (USCF). The CCC ratified a set of guidelines for the Pan-Am in 1992, which have been amended by various resolutions of the CCC, most recently in 2017.  These rules include stringent eligibility requirements, which were overhauled in 2004.  There are also guidelines for conduct of a scholarship program.

College chess does not fall under the authority of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Pan-Am is conducted under USCF rules and is rated both by USCF and FIDE.

At the 2012 Pan-Am, the CCC recommended that all cash prizes at the Pan-Am Intercollegiate be eliminated and forbidden.

For many years prior to 1996, high school teams were allowed to compete in the Pan-Am Intercollegiate, though few did.

History
Started in 1946, the Pan-Am has been held under various names and formats. For some years in the period 1945–1974 there was an individual college championship. Following Bobby Fischer's victory at the 1972 World Championship, the popularity of the Pan-Am temporarily soared. Beginning in the 1990s, the Pan-Am has been dominated by teams from schools offering chess scholarships.

Intercollegiate chess before the Pan Am

Quadrangular Intercollegiate league
The Quadrangular Intercollegiate league—comprising teams from Harvard University, Yale University, Columbia University and Princeton University—was formed in 1892, founded by Edward Caswell, Yale class of 1866. The tournament typically took place between Christmas and New Year's Day. Winners from 1892 to 1913 are as follows: Columbia 1892, 1893, 1899, 1902, 1906, 1907, 1910–1912; Harvard 1894–1898, 1903–1905; Yale 1901, 1913; Princeton 1908; tie between Harvard and Yale in 1909. In addition, Harvard and Yale played an annual team match.

During the first decade of the twentieth century, future world champion Jose Raul Capablanca represented Columbia, on first board.

Triangular Intercollegiate league
The Triangular Intercollegiate league—comprising teams from Cornell University, Brown University, and the University of Pennsylvania—was formed in 1899. Champions from 1899 to 1913 are as follows: Pennsylvania 1899, 1904, 1905, 1908, 1909, 1912, 1913; Cornell 1900–1903, 1907, 1910; tie between Pennsylvania and Brown in 1906; tie between Cornell and Pennsylvania in 1911.

In some years, all-star teams from the Quadrangular and Triangular leagues met in a challenge match.

Early years
The Pan-Am started in 1946.

However, there had been a team event for American schools only before World War II. One noteworthy result from this earlier event, from 1931–32, had City College of New York winning, with Reuben Fine on board one and Sidney Norman Bernstein on board two; the team scored 31.5 out of a possible 32 points.

From 1946 to 1964, the Pan-Am Intercollegiate Team Championship was held every even year, with a Pan-Am Intercollegiate Individual Championship held every odd year from 1945 to 1963.

American schools from the northeast and midwest regions dominated both the hosting and winning of the championship. Columbia University won three titles, the University of Chicago won two, and CCNY won two during this period. The first eight tournaments averaged about a dozen teams taking part. From 1962 to 1967, participation doubled to an average of about 25 teams per year.

Annual competition begins
With increased interest, annual team competition began in 1964.  In 1965, 1967, and 1969, the tournament was an individual-and-team competition, that is, players entered as individuals, but if a school had four or more players entered, the four highest of its students' scores were added to make a team score.  The 1965 event saw the first non-American winner, the University of Toronto. The first non-American school to host was Canada's McGill University at Montreal in 1969, and McGill also won the event that year. From 1968 to 1971, interest doubled again, to nearly 50 teams per year.

The Fischer boom
During the 1960s and 1970s, the level of participation in the Pan-Am grew about tenfold, as one of the effects of Bobby Fischer's chess career, culminating in the World Chess Championship.  Attendance averaged nearly 108 teams per year from 1972 to 1978; the highest turnout was 123 teams (520 players) in 1975. Nick Paleveda who became the Florida State Chess Champion persuaded The University of South Florida to offer the first chess scholarship to Future Grandmasters Larry Christiansen and Ron Henley (both recruited with chess scholarships) anchored the 1976 championship team from the University of South Florida  Tampa, the first southern school to win.

Three straight titles
The University of Toronto was the first school to win three straight outright titles, from 1980 to 1982; this feat was repeated by Harvard University from 1988–90. Rhode Island College, led by former US High School Chess Champions James Thibault and Sandeep Joshi, rolled to a convincing victory in 1985. The winning 1983 team from Yale University featured 3 future US Chess Champions in Joel Benjamin, Michael Wilder, and Inna Izrailov.

From 1979 to 1986, an average of 57 teams took part. Future US Chess Champion Grandmaster Patrick Wolff led Yale University to victory in 1987. Harvard University won four titles in five years from 1986 to 1990, either won outright or shared.

Prior to 1986 the Pan Ams were organized by the Intercollegiate League of America (ICLA). The United States Chess Federation took over the organization after the 1986 Pan-Am in Providence, Rhode Island.

Kamsky plays in Pan-Am but Vivek Rao shines
Chicago 1991 saw a reigning U.S. champion appear in the Pan-Am for the first time, when 17-year-old Soviet émigré Gata Kamsky, was first board for Brooklyn College. Kamsky lost a sensational game to Vivek Rao of the winning University of Illinois team. Rao had previously led Harvard in winning the 1988, 1989 and 1990 Pan Ams.

Chess Scholarships and Recent Years
The 1990s saw two important events that influenced college chess: the fall of the Iron Curtain sent a flood of very strong eastern European and former Soviet players to the Americas, and several schools began offering major chess scholarships.

The University of South Florida offered chess scholarships in 1976 to two young players, but abandoned the experiment after winning the 1976 Pan-Am. Subsequently, Rhode Island College offered chess scholarships, and eventually won the Pan-Am in 1985. The Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) recruited grandmasters and eventually offered chess scholarships. BMCC won the Pan-Am in 1993, 1994, and 1997.  In contrast to those short-lived programs, the chess scholarship programs at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) and the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) have taken root and continue to the present day.

In 2009, two more Texas schools fielded strong teams: University of Texas at Brownsville (UTB) and Texas Tech University; both offered chess scholarships. The 2010 Final Four was the strongest to date: it featured UMBC (average USCF rating 2559), UTD (2574), UTB (2598), and Texas Tech (2429).
In 2012, Webster University and Lindenwood have emerged as contenders.

The 2019 Pan-Am was the strongest ever:  the 63 teams included 33 Grandmasters, 20 International Masters, players from 40 FIDE federations, and 10 teams with average US Chess ratings over 2500. It was the largest Pan-Am from 1982 until 2023.

The 2020–2021 Pan-Am was held online at Lichess.org.

The 2023 Pan-Am was held January 5-8, 2023, in Seattle. It was won by the A team of Webster University.

List of Champions and Venues

University

Cup winners

Individual winners

Records
As of 2018, University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the University of Texas at Dallas share the record for most wins: each has won (or tied for first place) at the Pan-Am ten times.
Webster University has the record for the longest winning streak: seven-years 2012–2018. University of Maryland, Baltimore County holds the most wins at the Final Four: six times (2003–2006, 2009–2010).

References

Bibliography
 Edelman, Dan, Pan-American Intercollegiate and High School Team Chess Championships:  Official Tournament Rules, Including College Chess Committee Guidelines (January 1993). Official 1993 Version.
 Annual Reports of the USCF College Chess Committee. Available in the Annual Reports of the US Chess Federation.
 Articles about the Pan-Am Intercollegiate published in Chess Life magazine.
 Rating Reports from the Pan-Am Intercollegiate. Available from the US Chess Federation.
 Program booklets from the Pan-Am for some years.

External links
 College Chess
 Pan-Am Guidelines
 Eligibility requirements
 United States Chess Federation (USCF)
 World Chess Federation (FIDE)
 International University Sports Federation (IUSF)

 Events and tournaments at Monroi
 'Check Them Tech' Squad Wins Pan-Am Intercollegiate Championship (Chess.com, Jan 4, 2016)
 Webster wins Pan-Am Intercollegiate Team Championships (ChessBase.com, Dec 31, 2017)
 Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Championship Official Tournament Rules, PDF 10/18/2017 (uschess.org)

Supranational chess championships
Chess in Canada
Chess in the United States
Chess in North America
Chess Inter
Recurring events established in 1946
1946 in chess
Student sports competitions


Matthew Smith (July 15, 1843 – March 1, 1909) was a farmer, hotel owner and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 1st Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1901 to 1909 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Crapaud, Prince Edward Island, the son of George Smith, who was born in Yorkshire, England, and Anna Wiggington. In 1870, he married Sarah Elizabeth Lea. Smith was Sunday school superintendent for the Methodist Church and was also trustee and secretary for the local school board. He operated the Pleasant View Hotel at Hampton. He was speaker for the provincial assembly from 1908 until his death in office in Charlottetown in 1909.

References
 MacKinnon, DA & Warburton, AB Past and Present of Prince Edward Island ... (1906) pp. 390–1

External links
 Pleasant View Hotel, Hampton Community, Cultural Affairs and Labour, Government of Prince Edward Island

1842 births
1909 deaths
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party MLAs
Speakers of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island


Replenish may refer to:

 Replenish (album), a 1995 album by English alternative-rock band Reef
Repent Replenish Repeat, an album by Dan le Sac Vs Scroobius Pip, released in 2013
 Samsung Replenish, an Android 2.3 smartphone

See also
 Replenishment (disambiguation)


Aberdeen Football Club Women, formerly known as Aberdeen Football Club Ladies, is a Scottish women's football club affiliated with Aberdeen Football Club that competes in Scottish Women's Premier League 1, the top tier of women's football in Scotland, after winning their second consecutive promotion in 2021.

History
Aberdeen F.C. Ladies was formed in January 2011, with the merger of Aberdeen City, Aberdeen University, East End Girls F.C. and Aberdeen Ladies & Girls F.C.

On 12 November 2017, after a 4–2 defeat to Stirling University, Aberdeen were relegated from the SWPL 1, the first tier of the Scottish Women's Premier League. When Stefan Laird left the club, Derek Gordon took over as interim head coach. In 2018, the team, who was left with only four players over the age of 20, finished seventh in the league and was once again relegated.

On 29 November 2018, Aberdeen F.C. launched Aberdeen F.C. Women; the club formalised its relationship with Aberdeen Ladies F.C., who will continue to operate teams from U7s to U19 National Performance League, and invited the senior team to Pittodrie Stadium to sign their official registration forms with the club and begin the process of integration with the club. They won the 2019 SWFL Division 1 – North, being immediately promoted back to the Scottish Women's Premier League 2.

Stadium
For their return to the top flight, Aberdeen are playing their home matches in 2021–22 at the Balmoral Stadium in the Cove Bay area of Aberdeen, home of Cove Rangers. They had previously played at Cormack Park, the Aberdeen F.C. training ground near Kingswells.

Current squad
.

Honours
 Scottish Women's First Division
 Winners (2): 2003–04, 2011
 SWFL Division 1 – North
 Winners (1): 2019
 Scottish Women's Football League Cup
 Winners (1): 2011
 Scottish Women's Premier League
 Division 2 Winners (1): 2020-2021

References

External links
 Official website (Aberdeen F.C. Women)
 Official website (Aberdeen F.C. Ladies)
 Soccerway profile

Women's football clubs in Scotland
Football clubs in Aberdeen
Aberdeen F.C.
Scottish Women's Football League clubs
Scottish Women's Premier League clubs
Association football clubs established in 2011
2011 establishments in Scotland


Two Tongues is an American indie rock side project/supergroup, consisting of members of Say Anything (Max Bemis and Coby Linder) and Saves the Day (Chris Conley), along with David Soloway, a former guitarist with Saves the Day.

History
Before forming Two Tongues, Bemis, Conley and Linder had collaborated on a cover version of Bob Dylan's "The Man In Me" for the compilation album Paupers, Peasants, Princes & Kings: The Songs of Bob Dylan, released by Doghouse Records in 2006. Bemis asked Conley about potentially doing an album together; Conley responded positively by saying "I would do it with no one else, nothing could be more epic!" They subsequently recorded an album in January 2008.

The resulting album, Two Tongues, was scheduled to be released in summer 2008, but was delayed for unspecified reasons. The album was eventually released on February 3, 2009, through Vagrant Records. The thirteen-track album was self-produced and recorded at Electric Ladybug studios in Durham, California.

In fall 2010, Two Tongues made their first performances as a surprise in the middle of Say Anything's set each night of the Motion City Soundtrack, Say Anything and Saves the Day tour. They performed the song "Crawl". Arun Bali (current guitarist of Saves the Day) played guitar, Kenny Vasoli (of The Starting Line and Person L) played bass guitar, Jake Turner (of Say Anything) played guitar, Coby Linder played drums and Conley and Bemis sang.

Conley confirmed that there would be a second Two Tongues album in 2012.

On July 26, 2016, Conley announced the first ever Two Tongues tour beginning fall 2016, along with a fall release of their second album, Two Tongues Two.  On October 10, 2016, Say Anything made an announcement on their website that the tour would be cancelled, "due to unforeseen circumstances."  The post indicated the group would be, "playing shows in the future," but did not indicate a time-frame for this.

Discography
Studio albums
 Two Tongues (2009)
 Two Tongues Two (2016)

Members
 Max Bemis – vocals, guitar
 Chris Conley – vocals, guitar
 David Soloway – bass guitar
 Coby Linder – drums

References

External links
Official MySpace

American indie rock groups
Rock music supergroups
Musical groups established in 2008
Equal Vision Records artists
Vagrant Records artists


The Prussian T 14s were German, 2-8-2T, goods train, tank locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways and the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine. They were later incorporated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn into their renumbering plan as Class 93.0–4.

These locomotives were intended for goods traffic and Sunday excursion services on the lines of the Berlin Stadtbahn. Later the T 14 was also procured by other railway divisions for goods trains on main lines and even for passenger services. In all, 457 of this class was built for the Prussian state railways and 40 for the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine between 1914 and 1918.

Due to uneven weight distribution the axle load on the leading wheels was 169.7 kN higher than that of the driving wheels.

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over 400 T 14s from Prussia and six from the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine as 93 001 to 93 406. The T 14s from Alsace-Lorraine were given numbers 93 094, 188–191 and 237. In 1927 two more T 14s were acquired from the Farge-Vegesack Railway and numbered as 93 407 and 408; and in 1935 locomotives 93 409 to 93 417 from the Saar Railway were added. In World War II several T 14s came from Poland and Belgium into the DRB fleet as 93 418 to 93 450. After the Second World War the Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) incorporated further T 14s, which came from France and Belgium, as 93 451 to 93 459.

The Deutsche Bundesbahn began retiring them in 1960. In the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn the last ones were even given new computerised numbers in 1970 and classified as DR Class 93.8. The last T 14 there retired in 1971.

After the Second World War locomotives 93 058, 324 and 405 were left in Austria. As a result, the Austrian Federal Railway (ÖBB) formed them into their ÖBB Class 693 retaining their serial numbers. Number 693.058 was retired as early as 1953, the other two engines remained in the ÖBB fleet until 1958.

Locomotive 93 230 has been preserved and belongs to the Dresden Transport Museum. Another unit, PKP TKt1-63, is preserved in Poland at Chabówka railroad museum.

See also
 Prussian state railways
 List of Prussian locomotives and railcars

Notes

References

Further reading

Railway locomotives introduced in 1914
2-8-2T locomotives
T 14
Freight locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Standard gauge locomotives of Austria
Henschel locomotives
Hohenzollern locomotives
Hanomag locomotives
1′D1′ h2t locomotives
Union Giesserei locomotives


Alain Dufaut (born 2 January 1944 in Apt, Vaucluse) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Vaucluse department, from 1 October 1987 to 30 September 2014.  He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

References
Page on the Senate website

1944 births
Living people
People from Vaucluse
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Gaullism, a way forward for France
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Vaucluse


Philippe Nachbar (born 26 September 1950) is a former member of the Senate of France, representing the Meurthe-et-Moselle department.  He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

References

Page on the Senate website

1950 births
Living people
The Republicans (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Grand Est
Senators of Meurthe-et-Moselle
Regional councillors of Grand Est


Rosa Peris Cervera (Benaguasil, Spain, 25 February 1969) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the governing Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

Peris qualified in law and first worked as a lawyer. In 1999 she was elected local councillor for her hometown of Benaguasil and the following year she entered national politics when she was elected to the national parliament as a deputy for Valencia. She did not stand in 2004. Subsequently she served as Director General of the Women's institute of Spain.

References

External links
 Biography at Spanish Congress website

1969 births
Living people
People from Camp de Túria
Politicians from the Valencian Community
Members of the 7th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
21st-century Spanish women politicians
20th-century Spanish women
Members of the 11th Corts Valencianes


Bernard Saugey (born 3 March 1943 in Lyon) is a French politician who served as a member of the Senate of France between 2001 and 2017, representing the Isère department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

References
Page on the Senate website

1943 births
Living people
Politicians from Lyon
Liberal Democracy (France) politicians
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Members of Parliament for Isère
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Isère
French general councillors
French Freemasons


The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other postnominals and medals. It can be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and civilians under military command, and is presented to the recipient by the British monarch during an investiture held at Buckingham Palace. It is the joint highest award for bravery in the United Kingdom with the George Cross, which is the equivalent honour for valour not "in the face of the enemy". The VC has been awarded on 1356 occasions to 1353 individual recipients.

The ribbon is crimson, 38 mm (1.5 inches) wide. The original (1856) specification for the award stated that the ribbon should be red for army recipients and blue for naval ones. However the dark blue ribbon was abolished soon after the formation of the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918. On 22 May 1920 King George V signed a warrant that stated all recipients would now receive a red ribbon and the living recipients of the naval version were required to exchange their ribbons for the new colour.

There have been a total of 26 recipients of the VC who were serving in the Royal Air Force, including the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, at the time of their valiant deed or deeds.  First World War VCs awarded to airmen in the Royal Flying Corps (13 in total) and the Royal Naval Air Service (2 in total) are not listed below, see the RN page for the RNAS recipients.  The vast majority of air force VCs awarded in a single conflict were for the Second World War, with the majority being won by Bomber Command aircrew and only one going to Fighter Command. Second World War dominion air force personnel under RAF command are not listed below.  Their tally is as follows: Royal New Zealand Air Force (3 awards), Royal Australian Air Force (2 awards), Royal Canadian Air Force (2 awards), South African Air Force (1 award).  Additionally, two Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm airmen won the VC during the Second World War, one of whom was attached from the Royal Canadian Navy.

All of the 26 men who won the VC while serving in the RAF were aircrew.  Although no RAF ground branch officers or tradesmen have ever won the VC while serving in the RAF, Group Captain F H Kirby, who was an RAF equipment officer, won the VC for his actions during the Second Boer War when he was a corporal in the Royal Engineers. No RAF personnel have been awarded the VC since the end of the Second World War.

Recipients

Andrew c. Mynarski 419 Sq  12 June 1944  Second World War  France

References
General

Specific

 *
Air Force
History of the Royal Air Force
Victoria Cross


Jean-Jacques Hyest (born 2 March 1943) is a former member of the Senate of France, who represented the Seine-et-Marne department.  He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

References
Page on the Senate website

1943 births
Living people
People from Fontainebleau
Politicians from Île-de-France
The Republicans (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Rally for the Republic politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Seine-et-Marne


The Alvear Tower is a residential and hotel skyscraper on Azucena Villaflor Avenue, east of Dock Two in the upscale Puerto Madero section of Buenos Aires. The skyscraper is the tallest building in Argentina.

A mixed-use development, the 54-story,  building includes 175 condominiums totalling , as well as a five star hotel. The building's residential floor plans are notable for their variety—ranging from  to —, as well as their  ceilings.

Construction
Development took place on a  lot sold by Grupo Château (the local builders of the neighboring Château Puerto Madero Residence) for US$35 million to Madrid-based developer Rayet for the construction of the Hotel Único Buenos Aires. Originally scheduled to open at the end of 2010, the Hotel Único project was canceled. Rayet sold the lot to Anglo-Argentine developer, David Sutton, the proprietor of the Alvear Palace Hotel, on 5 March 2010.

The construction of the Alvear Tower started in March 2012 and was completed in 2017. The skyscraper is budgeted at US$130 million.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Argentina
List of tallest buildings in South America

References

Hotels in Buenos Aires
Mixed-use developments in Argentina
Residential skyscrapers in Argentina
Skyscraper hotels


Josselin Charles Louis Jean Marie de Rohan-Chabot, 14th Duke of Rohan, CBE (born 5 June 1938), commonly known as Josselin de Rohan, is a French nobleman and retired politician. He is a former member of the Senate of France, where he represented the Morbihan department from 1983 to 2011. He was president of the Rally for the Republic grouping in the Senate from 1993 to 2002, and of the Union for a Popular Movement grouping in the Senate from 2002 to 2008.

Early life
A member of the House of Rohan-Chabot, he is the eldest son of Alain de Rohan-Chabot, 13th Duke of Rohan, and his wife, Hélène de Liencourt. Upon his father's death in 1966, he succeeded to the title of 14th Duke of Rohan. His family residences include Josselin Castle in Morbihan.

Rohan was educated at the École nationale d'administration (ENA), graduating in 1965 in the same class as Ernest-Antoine Seillière, Jean-Pierre Chevènement, Lionel Jospin and Jacques Toubon. He is now a member of the administrative council of ENA.

Career
Close to Jacques Chirac, Rohan was elected to the Senate in 1983, and he was re-elected in 1992 and 2001. He was also Mayor of Josselin  from 1965 to 2000, and he served on the General Council of the canton of Josselin from 1982 to 1998.

He was president of the RPR grouping in the Senate from 1993 to 2002, and of the UMP grouping in the Senate from December 2002 until January 2008, when he stated that for him, "the hour of relief has come", though he requested "some time to hand over". He was succeeded by Henri de Raincourt. On 16 January 2008, following the death of Serge Vinçon, Rohan was nonetheless elected President of the Senate's Commission on Foreign Affairs, and re-elected on 8 October 2008.

Rohan served as regional president of the Brittany region from 1998 until his party's defeat by the Socialists led by Jean-Yves Le Drian in the 2004 French regional elections.

In the 2007 presidential election, he supported Nicolas Sarkozy, the UMP candidate. Because of his age, Rohan did not stand in the 2011 senatorial election.

Marriage and children
On 17 November 1973, Rohan married Antoinette Boegner (b. 1946) in Crécy-la-Chapelle (Seine-et-Marne). She is a daughter of Jean-Marc Boegner and granddaughter of pastor Marc Boegner.

Together, they are the parents of three children:
 Alain Louis Marc de Rohan-Chabot (b. 1975), manager of Tarquinia Films.
 Anne-Louise Claire Marie de Rohan-Chabot (b. 1979).
 Olivia Hélène Odilie Marie de Rohan-Chabot (b. 1986).

Ancestry

References

External links
Senate webpage for Josselin de Rohan
Josselin de Rohan-Chabot, 14th Duc de Rohan
Josselin Castle website

1938 births
Living people
People from Suresnes
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Josselin
Josselin
Senators of Morbihan