The Shaughnessy playoff system is a method of determining the champion of a sports league that is not in a divisional alignment. This format is also known as the Argus finals system. It involves the participation of the top four teams in the league standings in a single elimination tournament. While the first round of the playoffs involve the pairing of the first- and fourth-place teams in one contest (whether it be a single game or a series of games) and the second- and third-place teams in the other, a variant of the Shaughnessy playoffs would pair the first- and third-place teams in one semifinal round and the second- and fourth-place teams in the other. In either variant, the winners of the first two games would then compete for the league championship. Some lower-level leagues use a Shaughnessy playoff for purposes of promotion to the next-higher league.

Another variant of the Shaughnessy system exempts a certain number of top teams from the playoffs (usually one to three teams) and instead involves the next four teams in the league standings. This variation is almost always used by a lower-level league for promotion purposes. Typically, the exempted top finishers earn automatic promotion and the playoffs determine the final promotion place.

History and usage

North America
The Shaughnessy playoff system was implemented in 1933 by Frank Shaughnessy, the general manager of the Montreal Royals minor league baseball team of the International League. After its successful implementation by the International League, the popularity of the new postseason format spread to other baseball leagues, including to the Texas League in 1933 and to the Western Baseball League, Evangeline League, and Southern Association in 1935.

In the 1940s, the Shaughnessy system spread to other sports. The All-America Football Conference, which used the Shaughnessy playoff system in 1949, the last season of the league's existence, and the American Association minor American football league used the format in five of its championship seasons during that decade.

In the Original Six era of the National Hockey League (1942–1967), the circuit adopted a Shaughnessy playoff system (first place vs. third place and second place vs. fourth place) in which the paired teams played in a best-four-of-seven-games series with the winners advancing to the Stanley Cup championship round. A Shaughnessy-style format is used in today's NHL in an entirely different context—since 2016, the All-Star Game has been contested as a four-team knockout tournament, with each team drawn exclusively from one of the league's four divisions. Each "game" is played in a three-on-three format (i.e., three skaters and one goaltender, unless affected by penalties) over a single 20-minute period (the same length of a period in a regular NHL game).

From its first season in 2013 through 2020, the National Women's Soccer League used a Shaughnessy playoff (using 1–4 and 2–3 semifinal pairings) to determine its champion. The league expanded its playoffs to six teams in 2021.

In NCAA college basketball, one Division I conference uses a Shaughnessy playoff for its postseason tournaments for men and women. The Ivy League launched postseason tournaments for both sexes in the 2016–17 season; the top four teams in the regular-season conference standings advance to a Shaughnessy tournament (also using 1–4 and 2–3 semifinal pairings) at a predetermined site. The winners receive the Ivies' automatic berths in the NCAA men's and women's tournaments.

Europe
More recently, the Shaughnessy playoff system has been adopted outside of North America. In English rugby union, the format is currently used to determine the winner of the Premiership, and from 2012–13 through to 2016–17 was also used in the second-level RFU Championship to determine the team to be promoted to the Premiership. The Premiership and Championship formats differ only in the number of games contested—the Premiership playoff uses one-off matches, while all matches in the Championship playoff were two-legged. The Premier 15s, launched in autumn 2017 as the new top flight of English women's rugby, uses the same playoff format as the Premiership. The Celtic League in Ireland, Scotland and Wales, now known as Pro14, adopted a system identical to that of the Premiership starting in 2009–10, the season before that league expanded to include two teams from Italy. The Shaughnessy system was replaced by a six-team playoff when two South African sides joined the league in 2017–18, bringing it to its current 14-team roster.

In French rugby union, a Shaughnessy-style playoff was used to determine the second of two promotion spots in the second-tier Rugby Pro D2 through the 2016–17 season, with the teams involved being the second- through fifth-placed teams, as the first-place team earned automatic promotion to the Top 14. This system has been abandoned for 2017–18 and beyond in favor of a six-team playoff system identical to that currently used in the Top 14, with only the Pro D2 champion earning automatic promotion and the runner-up advancing to a promotion/relegation playoff with the second-from-bottom Top 14 side. Previously, the pure Shaughnessy system had been used to determine the Top 14 champion, but that league's playoffs expanded to six teams starting in 2009–10.

The Super League in rugby league, made up primarily of English sides with one from France, adopted a Shaughnessy playoff beginning in 2015. This follows a 22-match home-and-away league season and a single round-robin mini-league involving the top eight clubs from the home-and-away season. In addition, the second-level Championship adopted a Shaughnessy playoff for its Championship Shield, and the third-level League 1 adopted a Shaughnessy-style promotion playoff similar to that formerly used by Rugby Pro D2. In the Championship, the bottom eight teams at the end of the league season enter their own single round-robin mini-league, with the top four teams at the end of that phase entering a Shaughnessy playoff for the Shield. In League 1, the top team at the end of the league season is automatically promoted to the following season's Championship. The second- through fifth-place teams then enter a Shaughnessy-style playoff for the second promotion place.

Some association football leagues use Shaughnessy-style playoffs for promotion purposes. Among the countries using such a system are:
 England:
 EFL Championship: Top two teams automatically promoted to the Premier League; next four teams play off for the final promotion place.
 EFL League One: Top two teams automatically promoted to the Championship; next four teams play off for the final promotion place.
 EFL League Two: Top three teams automatically promoted to League One; next four teams play off for the final promotion place.
 National League: Champion automatically promoted to League Two; next four teams play off for the final promotion place.
 National League North and National League South: Each champion automatically promoted to the National League; next four teams in each division play off for that division's second promotion place.
 Spain:
 Segunda División: Top two teams automatically promoted to La Liga; next four teams play off for the final promotion place. Reserve teams of La Liga clubs are barred from promotion; if any such side occupies a promotion or playoff spot, it is excluded and its place is taken by the next-best team in the standings that is not barred. The same scenario also applies if a reserve team's parent club is relegated from La Liga (with the reserve team being relegated to Segunda División B in this case).

Southern Hemisphere
In rugby union, the Shaughnessy system has been widely used throughout the SANZAAR countries of South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Argentina.

The Super Rugby competition, initially featuring teams from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, used the Shaughnessy format throughout its history as the Super 12 and Super 14, ending in 2010. The competition's expansion to 15 teams as Super Rugby in 2011 saw the playoffs expand to six teams, with three conference champions and three "wild cards" advancing. With the addition of three more teams in 2016 (with two of the new entries in Argentina and Japan), the playoffs now involve eight teams, with four conference champions and four "wild cards". The format was discontinued in the Super Rugby competition for the 2017 season.

In South Africa, the Currie Cup uses a Shaughnessy playoff to determine the champions of both of its divisions (Premier and First).

In New Zealand, the professional Mitre 10 Cup (formerly Air New Zealand Cup and ITM Cup) adopted the Shaughnessy format in 2009, after having used an eight-team playoff bracket in its first two seasons in 2007 and 2008. In 2011, the then-ITM Cup split into two divisions, effectively re-creating the three-division system that existed in the National Provincial Championship era. The playoffs in both the Premiership and Championship divisions use the Shaughnessy system except in World Cup years, in which only the top two teams contest a final. Since its inception in 2007, the amateur Heartland Championship has used the Shaughnessy system, implemented at the last group stage, to determine the winners of both of its trophies, the Meads and Lochore Cups.

Australia's National Rugby Championship, which began play in 2014, uses a Shaughnessy playoff. The country's previous attempt to establish a national league, the Australian Rugby Championship, also used a Shaughnessy playoff, but was scrapped after its only season in 2007.

Philippines
A modified Shaughnessy system has been used by the University Athletic Association of the Philippines for its basketball tournaments since 1993. In the semifinals with a #1 vs. #4 and #2 vs. #3 match-ups, the top two seeds possessing the twice to beat advantage, a variant of the best of three series where the higher seed has 1–0 series lead. The winners advance to the best of three finals; it has never been referred to as the "Shaughnessy system" in the country. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) adopted it for their basketball tournaments starting in 1998. It has since been adopted to other sports by other collegiate leagues, and in the Philippine Basketball Association, since then

Example
As it was used in the playoffs of the 2008–09 Guinness Premiership:

Semi-finals

Final

References

Sports terminology
Tournament systems


Kostajnik () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Krupanj municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia. Kostajnik is notable for being a fortified village since 1445. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 1,048 in 2002.

Historical population

1948: 1,431
1953: 1,621
1961: 1,671
1971: 1,506
1981: 1,364
1991: 1,264
2002: 1,048

See also
List of places in Serbia

References

External links
Kostajnik Official

Populated places in Mačva District


Morelos Municipality may refer to:

 Morelos Municipality, Coahuila
 Morelos Municipality, Chihuahua
 Morelos, Michoacán
 Morelos, State of Mexico
 Morelos, Zacatecas

See also

 Morelos (disambiguation)

Municipality name disambiguation pages


Terrance Michael "T. M." Wright (September 9, 1947 – October 31, 2015) was an American author best known as a writer of horror fiction, speculative fiction, and poetry.  He wrote more than 25 novels as well as novellas and short stories, over 40 years. His novels were translated into many different languages around the world. His works were reviewed by Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, Library Journal, Booklist, and many genre magazines.

Life and career
Wright's first publication was the non-fiction study of unidentified flying objects, entitled The Intelligent Man's Guide to Flying Saucers in 1968 for AS Barnes.  Strange Seed had five foreign editions.

His seventh novel, A Manhattan Ghost Story, has had 14 foreign editions and was optioned to be filmed in the 1980s.  A screenplay was written by Ronald Bass for which he was paid two million US dollars, a record-breaking amount for an adaptation of a novel to the screen. The option was taken over by Robert Lawrence Productions in 1991, and then exercised in 1993.  Many actors and directors have been attached to the project over the years including Wayne Wang, Julia Roberts, and Sharon Stone (who received five million US dollars because of her pay or play contract). As of 2015, the film is in development at Touchstone Pictures.

Wright's fiction appeared in several magazines including Twilight Zone Magazine, PostScripts, Cemetery Dance, Flesh and Blood Magazine, UpState,  and Brutarian.

Wright had painted book covers and he created illustrations for magazines including Brutarian.  He did the artwork for his own book covers of two foreign editions of Cold House (German and Italian language editions), The Eyes of the Carp from Cemetery Dance Publications in 2005, Blue Canoe from PS Publishing, Sleepeasy (from Leisure Books), and his collection Bone Soup from Cemetery Dance Publications.

In 2004, T. M. Wright was the judge for the inaugural Anubis Awards by Jeff Schwaner (owner of Broken Umbrella Press).  He spent the last years of his life in a Corning, New York nursing home living with Parkinson's disease. Has wife, Roxane A. White-Wright lives in Corning, also. T.M. Wright died October 31, 2015, according to PalMac in Memoriam Facebook Page.

Selected bibliography

Novels and novellas
The Woman Next Door (Playboy Press, 1981 and Tor Books, 1990)
The Playground (Tor Books, 1982)
Carlisle Street (1983)
The Island (1988)
The Place (1989)
The School (1990)
Boundaries (1990)
The Last Vampire (1991)
Little Boy Lost (1992)
Cold House (Catalyst Press, 2003) (featuring an introduction by Jack Ketchum)
The House on Orchid Street (2003)
Visiting the Edge (2004) (a collection)
The Eyes of the Carp (Cemetery Dance Publications, 2005) (a novella)
I Am the Bird (2006) (a novella)
Blue Canoe (2008)
Sally Pinup (2010) (a novella)

Ryerson Biergarten series
Series of novels featuring a detective named Ryerson Biergarten:
The Changing (as F. W. Armstrong) (Tor Books, 1985)
The Devouring (as F. W. Armstrong) (Tor Books, 1987)
Goodlow's Ghosts (1992)
The Ascending (1994)
Sleepeasy (Victor Gollancz 1993, Leisure, 2001) (connected, but not a direct sequel)

Strange Seed series
Strange Seed (Everest House, NYC, 1978) (revised in 2005 for a limited hardcover re-release by Etwisted Publishing)
Nursery Tale (Playboy Press, 1982)
Children of the Island (Jove, 1983)
The People of the Dark  (1984)
Erthmun / Laughing Man (1995/2005) (originally released as Erthmun in 1995)

A Manhattan Ghost Story series
A Manhattan Ghost Story (1984, revised for Telos Publishing Ltd. in 2006)
The Waiting Room (1986)
A Spider on My Tongue (Nyx Books, 2006)

Short stories
"His Mother’s Eyes," published in Twilight Zone Magazine, June, 1988) and The Sterling Web (Winter, 1991)
"The House Under the Street" AKA "A World Without Toys," Upstate magazine (October 26, 1986), Shadows #10, edited by Charles L. Grant (Doubleday, 1987), The Year's Best Fantasy: First Annual Collection, edited by Ellen Datlow and Terri Windling (St. Martin's Press, 1988), Demons and Dreams, edited by Ellen Datlow and Terri Windling (Legend, 1989)
"Circularity," Cemetery Dance (#37, 2002)
"The Marybell Women," Cemetery Dance (#47, 2003)
"The Screamers at the Window," Shivers IV (anthology) edited by Richard Chizmar (May 2006, Cemetery Dance Publications)
"Murder Victim," Midnight Premiere (anthology) edited by Tom Piccirilli (June 2007, Cemetery Dance Publications)
"Rainy Day People" Postscripts #10 (2007)
"Fog Boy," Darkness on the Edge: Tales Inspired by the Songs of Bruce Springsteen (anthology) edited by Harrison Howe (2010, PS Publishing)
"A Moment at the House" The New and Perfect Man/Postscripts #24/25 (2011)

Chapbooks
"The People on the Island" (Bandersnatch Books, 2010)
unnamed release (Bandersnatch Books, 2010)
unnamed release (Bandersnatch Books, 2010)

Short story collections
Bone Soup (a collection of short stories, art, poems, and revised version of the novel Cold House) (Cemetery Dance Publications, scheduled 2010) Featuring:
Cold House (a revised version of the novel of the same name)
"The People on the Island"
"His Mother's Eyes"
"Rainy Day People"
"Tower Man"
poems
artwork
and more...

Non-fiction
The Intelligent Man's Guide to Flying Saucers (AS Barnes, 1968)

Other publications
"Stuff of Horror, or Gray Matter All Over the Inside of Your Skull",  article for American Fantasy (Summer, 1987)
By Reason of Darkness (2004), by William P. Simmons (contains an afterword by T. M. Wright)

Interviews
"A Conversation with T. M. Wright," interview by Douglas A. Anderson for 2AM (Summer, 1989)
"Tall Tales from a Master," interview by Susan M. Burdorf for The Sterling Web (Winter, 1991)
"A Conversation with T. M. Wright" interview by William P. Simmons for Cemetery Dance (#37, 2002)
"An Interview with T. M. Wright" interview by James R. Beach for Dark Discoveries #9 (Winter, 2007)
"An Interview with T. M. Wright" interview by Scott Colbert for Talkbacker.com website, October, 2013
"Interview with T. M. Wright" interview by Matt Cardin at Demon Muse (May 2010). Republished at The Teeming Brain (June 2014)

References

External links
 Bibliography on FanasticFiction.co.uk
 Bibliography on T. M. Wright official homepage. Archived from the original on 2009-10-06

1947 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American horror writers
American illustrators
American male novelists
American male short story writers
Horror artists
People from Honeoye, New York
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers


Asclepias solanoana is a rare species of milkweed known by the common names serpentine milkweed, prostrate milkweed, and solanoa. It is endemic to California, where it grows only in the North Coast Ranges north of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Description
This is a robust perennial herb producing smooth purple stems which lie prostrate along the ground. The thick leaves are arranged oppositely in pairs along the stem. The leaf has an oval or heart-shaped blade supported on a short petiole. The inflorescence is a heavy spherical cluster of flowers. Each flower has a central array of rounded hoods which are pink to brown and a corolla which is reflexed against the stalk or extends outwards.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery

solanoana
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of Sonoma County, California


Solanoa may refer to:

Asclepias solanoana — a plant species, for which "solanoa" is one of several of its common names
Asclepias — the genus for the above; and for which "Solanoa" is one of several of its synonyms


Terry Wright is the name of:

 Terry Wright (defensive back) (born 1964), American player of gridiron football
 Terry Wright (rugby union) (born 1963), New Zealand rugby union player
 Terry Wright (wide receiver) (born 1997), American football wide receiver
 T. M. Wright (1947–2015), writer of horror fiction, speculative fiction, and poetry


Carlos Enrique Calderón Anaya (born January 18, 1986, in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a Salvadoran football player.

Club career
Calderón started his career at Atlético Marte and moved to Luis Ángel Firpo in August 2004. He played for Luis Ángel Firpo in the 2008–09 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage. He was loaned back for 6 months to Marte in 2009 but injury deprived him from playing too many games so Marte released him. In November 2010 he suffered a knee injury while playing for Marte Soyapango, which kept him out for another few months.

International career
Calderón made his debut for El Salvador in an August 2007 friendly match against Honduras and has, as of January 2011, earned a total of 4 caps, scoring no goals. His most recent international was an October 2007 friendly match against Trinidad & Tobago.

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from San Salvador
Salvadoran men's footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers
C.D. Atlético Marte footballers
C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo footballers
Men's association football forwards


"Soon It's Gonna Rain" is a song from the musical comedy The Fantasticks, with lyrics written by Tom Jones, and music composed by Harvey Schmidt.

Background
The song was first sung by Rita Gardner and Kenneth Nelson in the original Off Broadway production of The Fantasticks. Other performers from the long-running Off-Broadway production of the show to sing the song include Kristin Chenoweth, American Idol finalist Anthony Fedorov and winner of the thirteenth season of The Amazing Race, Nick Spangler.

In the Hallmark Hall of Fame broadcast on October 18, 1964, the song was performed by John Davidson and Susan Watson.

We Five did a version of the song on their 1969 album, The Return of We Five.

In the 1995 film version of The Fantasticks, the song was performed by Joey McIntyre and Jean Louisa Kelly.

Other Recordings
Barbra Streisand recorded the song for her debut solo album The Barbra Streisand Album in 1963.
Tony Bennett - included on his album The Many Moods of Tony (1964)
The Serendipity Singers.  Included on their album “The Many Sides of the Serendipity Singers”. 1964
Blossom Dearie recorded the song for her 1967 album Soon It's Gonna Rain.
Julie London recorded the song for her 1968 album Easy Does It.
For his album Kidults (2001), Mandy Patinkin and Kristin Chenoweth made a recording of the song.
Duke Ellington also recorded the song; it appeared on the 2002 album Live and Rare.
The Singers Unlimited recorded the song in 1973 on the album Four of Us.

References

Songs from musicals
Barbra Streisand songs
We Five songs
Songs with music by Harvey Schmidt
1960 songs


Reclaim is Keep of Kalessin's first EP. It was released on December 6, 2003 in the United States and in Europe on January 15, 2004 as a Mini CD. It was recorded in July, 2003 in Silverstone Studios and Schweinhund Studios. The EP was produced by Schwein and Obsidian C. The EP was mixed by Schwein and mastered by Masterhuset. The cover design was done by MultiMono, by Asgeir Mickelson

Frost (Satyricon) heard the new Keep of Kalessin material and immediately said yes when Obsidian C. asked him to do the drumming on this new EP. Touring with Satyricon also made it possible for Obsidian C. to recruit the legendary Attila Csihar for the vocals on Reclaim who is well known for the vocals on Mayhem´s De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas. The three piece line-up recorded the EP which put the band into the Elite black metal scene of Norway, but due to the distance between Frost, Attila and Obsidian C., this line-up was short-lived.

Attila did all the vocals on this release. However, Obsidian C. performed additional vocals on Come Damnation and Reclaim. Obsidian C. is also responsible for writing the music, except for IX which was written by Obsidian C. and S. Groenbech. Traveler was written, but also performed by S. Groenbech alone. The lyrics were written by Torstein Parelius, courtesy of Chton and Manes. The lyrics of Reclaim were written by Obsidian C. and he was also responsible for the lyrical arrangements, together with Attila.

Track listing

Notes
  The song Obliterator was originally released on Through times of war. This version was specially re-recorded for this release.

Personnel
 Arnt "Obsidian C." Ove Grønbech  - guitars, bass, synths, lyrics
 Kjetil-Vidar "Frost" Haraldstad - drums
 Attila Csihar - vocals
 Torstein Parelius - lyrics

External links
 Encyclopaedia Metallum
 Keep of Kalessin at MySpace

2003 EPs


Asclepias vestita is a species of milkweed known by the common name woolly milkweed. It is endemic to California, where it grows in many habitats across the state, from mountains to desert to valley. This is a robust perennial herb growing mostly upright or slightly bending. The thick leaves are oval to narrowly lance-shaped. The stem and leaves often have a coat of light-colored hairs, sometimes thick and woolly. The inflorescence is an umbel-shaped array to a spherical cluster of yellowish flowers. The flowers may be tinted with brown or purple. The fruit is a large yellowish follicle containing many silky-haired seeds.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery

vestita
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the California desert regions
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


The Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.10 (also known as the Høver M.F.10, after its designer) was a military trainer seaplane built in Norway in 1929.

Characteristics
It was a largely conventional biplane design derived from the M.F.9 fighter, and sharing its single-bay wings with additional struts bracing the lower wings to the fuselage sides. It differed from its predecessor in having two a second open cockpit in tandem with the pilot's, and while the prototype shared the M.F.9's wooden construction and Vee-engine, later examples had a tubular structure and a radial engine. Intended for advanced training, the aircraft was built strongly enough to allow for aerobatics and dive bombing. Having been built by the specifications from a US light dive bomber, the M.F.10 could both dive and fly on its back.

Design and construction
Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk began construction of a new trainer to replace the Hansa-Brandenburg W.33 in this role. The prototype, F.4 (V), first flew on 7 July 1929 and underwent stringent testing before moving on to the production stage. F.4 first flew with a  Mercedes engine with a top speed of 157 km/h and a climbing speed of 2,000 meters in 25 minutes. The Mercedes power plant was replaced with a Hispano Suiza model with a top speed of 185 km/h and an ability to climb 2,000 metres in less than eight minutes.

Operational use

Early service
From May 1930 the prototype was given the registration number F.200, in line with the new number series to be used for two-seat trainers. The Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service's (RNNAS) goal for the type was to have one aircraft based at each of the three Norwegian naval air stations, leading to the delivery of two new aircraft, one in 1932 and another in 1933. The two new-built aircraft were delivered with Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah engines and a steel tube hull instead of F.200's wooden hull. Designated as M.F.10Bs and numbered F.202 and F.204, the two aircraft were modified with a new type balance rudder which greatly improved their flying characteristics. When F.202 was written off  after a May 1935 crash a replacement aircraft was built and delivered in March 1936 as the fourth and last of the type. The same year F.200 had its wooden hull replaced with a steel tube one. In addition to its training role the M.F.10 was also used for operational tests, such as seaplanes' ability to land on and take off from snow and ice on frozen lakes. Successful tests were carried out in March 1933 with F.202 both on Borresvannet lake and on the snow-covered Kjeller air station.

Handling issues
The type had a degree of difficulties as to getting out of a spin, something which on 14 October 1938 led to an accident with F.200 during a training mission with a student pilot. When the student was to bring the aircraft out of its spin the rudders failed to respond and the engine ceased. At 400 metres altitude the student was ordered to parachute, while the aircraft regained control at the same moment the student, 2nd Lt. Follevåg, jumped. The instructor, 1st. Lt. Brinch landed on the water and picked up the student.

Second World War

In Norwegian service
At the outbreak of the Second World War two M.F.10s (F.202 and F.204) were still in service with the RNNAS and deployed for neutrality guard duties, both first being based at Karljohansvern naval air station but with F.204 relocation to Kristiansand on 7 March 1940. In the evening of 8 April 1940 it became clear to the commander of Karljohansvern naval air station, Lieutenant Commander Gösta Wendelbo, that the situation was becoming critical and he ordered all flyable aircraft under his command to fly to Oscarsborg Fortress to await the situation. The decision led to the dispatched aircraft becoming caught up in the Battle of Drøbak Sound and lost. Seven aircraft, including M.F.10 F.202, landed near Oscarsborg Fortress and were there when intense fighting between a German invasion flotilla and Norwegian coastal fortifications began. The aircraft were blocked in the area and soon froze in, making it impossible for them to escape. On 11 April 1940 the leader of the unit's four remaining aircraft, including F.202, disbanded the unit. Four airmen remained trying to get one aircraft airborne, but after a week they removed the machine guns and bombs from the aircraft and left the area, the aircraft eventually being picked up by the Germans and moved to Horten. F.200 did not take part in the neutrality protection duties due to undergoing major maintenance at Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk in Horten and was captured there on 9 April 1940. F.204, based in Kristiansand, was flown to a fjord west of the port of Lillesand when the German invasion began and destroyed there by its own crew on 10 April 1940.

Possible German use
After the beginning of the German invasion of Norway, one M.F.10 was flown by the Germans from Horten to Gressholmen Airport near Oslo. At Gressholmen the aircraft was repainted and given the Norwegian word Fiskerioppsyn on one side and Fischereidienst on the other, both words meaning fisheries service. The Germans' intention was to use the M.F.10 and one Douglas DT-2 (number F.84) for fisheries surveillance duties off the coast of Møre. The project probably never got under way as the Luftwaffe demanded to have total control over the Norwegian airspace and were unlikely to have allowed any form of para-military organisation to fly over Norway. Although there were widespread contemporary rumours claiming that the aircraft were to be used for surveillance of Norwegian fishing boats, these have not been confirmed after searches of Norwegian and German archives.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

1920s Norwegian military trainer aircraft
Floatplanes
MF10
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929


Kenton Lee "Kent" Glasscock (born November 4, 1952) is a former Republican politician from Manhattan, Kansas.  Glasscock was born in Warrensburg, Missouri, to Bill and Frances Glasscock. He served as Speaker of the House of the State of Kansas from 2001 to 2003.  During his tenure, he served as the co-author of Governor Bill Graves budgets. Glasscock served as State Representative from the 62nd District from 1991-2003, was mayor of Manhattan in 1989 and served as a city commissioner from 1987-1990.

Candidate for Governor
During the 2002 election, Glasscock pursued the office of Governor of Kansas in a large field of conservatives and moderates.  Glasscock announced while speaking to the Manhattan Konza Rotary Club.  Glasscock left the race due to health problems. Kansas Attorney General Carla Stovall briefly campaigned for the Republican nomination for the office of Governor with Glasscock as her running mate. Despite an early lead in the polls, Stovall withdrew from the race in order to get married and spend more time with family.

Glasscock returned to the race and was the front runner in campaign funds.  Stovall's abrupt exit from the race caused the Republican party leaders to call a summit with Governor Bill Graves, Lt. Governor Gary Sherrer, Glasscock, Mark Parkinson, and the Governor's Chief of Staff. They met to strategize who should seek the nomination and take on eventual Democratic nominee Kathleen Sebelius. Governor Graves opted to support no one, and the result was an expensive three-way race. Glasscock joined with long-time mayor of Wichita, Bob Knight. The Knight-Glasscock ticket finished third behind Senator Dave Kerr and Mary Birch in second, and then State Treasurer Tim Shallenburger.  Kansans did not elect the conservative nominee Shallenburger.

Kansas House service
Glasscock represented Manhattan’s 62nd House District beginning in 1991. First elected to the House in 1990, he served the state legislature in many capacities including Speaker of the House, House Majority Leader, chair of the Government Organization and Elections Committee, chair of the Local Government Committee, and vice-chair of the Taxation Committee. He also served as a member of several committees: Appropriations, Energy and Natural Resources, Economic Development, the Joint Committee on Pensions and Investments, and the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules and Regulations.

Glasscock's tenure as Speaker of the House and House Majority Leader was challenged with moderate versus conservative battles over control of committees and legislation. Glasscock was elected to speaker on the fourth ballot after three ties. Despite these challenges, Glasscock successfully led a legislative initiative that made the state's single largest one-time investment in higher education research infrastructure; advanced an innovative early childhood Skills for Success education investment; and produced balanced budgets that protected funding for both higher education and K-12 education.  In 1992, the National Council on State Governments selected Glasscock as one of 32 members of the annual Henry Toll Fellowship Program, the premier leadership development program for state government officials.

During his tenure, he served as the co-author of Governor Bill Graves budgets. Glasscock served as State Representative from the 62nd District from 1991-2003, was Mayor of Manhattan in 1989 and served as City Commissioner from 1987-1990.

Education, family, business
Glasscock earned his undergraduate degree in English from Kansas State University and is a graduate of Manhattan High School.

Following 2002, the Glasscocks live in Manhattan, working in private and local business and perform non-profit charitable work. Glasscock is married to Janna Williams, director of a regional non-profit and has two sons, Creighton and Chase.

Glasscock is currently CEO of K-State Innovation Partners.  K-State Innovation Partners mission is  to collaborate with university, industry and communities to deliver a streamlined mission of corporate engagement, technology commercialization and economic development.

Glasscock also is president of his family business, the Kansas Lumber Homestore, Inc.

References

1952 births
Speakers of the Kansas House of Representatives
Republican Party members of the Kansas House of Representatives
Living people
Mayors of places in Kansas
Kansas State University alumni
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians


Phool Waalon Ki Sair meaning "procession of the florists" is an annual celebration by the flower sellers of Delhi. It is a three-day festival, generally held in the month of September, just after the rainy season in the region of Mehrauli.  It is seen as an example of the composite culture of Delhi, which has bolstered an environment of communal harmony in the city, and even today the festival is celebrated by both Hindus and Muslims alike.

This secular festival involves a procession, led by shehnai players and dancers, and bearing large floral fans, pankhas, to Yogmaya Temple, the shrine of Devi Jog Maya, and winds through Mehrauli Bazar, to reach the dargah of 13th century Sufi saint, Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki.

Also known as Sair-e-Gul Faroshan during this three-day festival, the flower sellers pray for a better flower season in the coming year by offering big fans, pankhas, embroidered with flowers to both shrines.

Just as when it was first conceived and had the Mughal Emperor as its patron, these days the festival has the Prime Minister of India as its main patron; Jawaharlal Nehru who revived and inaugurated the festival in 1962, and all the PMs hence, have equally participated in the festival. Another tradition is to offer a similar floral pankha to the President of India, Chief Minister of Delhi, and also the Lt. Governor of the city. Recent additions are the cultural troupes from various states of India, which perform songs, dances, and drama at the main function which is held at 'Jahaz Mahal' in Mehrauli, located in a corner of 'Hauz Shamsi' and is believed to have been built in Lodhi dynasty era, takes the festival beyond its vision of communal harmony to that of national integration

Origin

The origin of Phool Waalon Ki Sair goes to 1812, during the reign of the Mughal King Akbar Shah II (r. 1808 -1837). Akbar Shah-II was not happy with his eldest son Siraj Uddin “Zafar” (Bahadur Shah Zafar II) and wanted to nominate his younger son Mirza Jahangir as the heir Apparent (Wali-Ahad). This move was not liked by the then British Resident in the Red Fort, Sir Archibald Seton. Once Mirza Jahangir who was a reckless youth of 19 insulted Seton in open court and called him Loolu. The British Resident somehow did not react to this insult as probably he did not understand the meaning of Loolu. After a few days, when Mirza Jahangir was merrymaking on the roof of Naubat Khana in Red Fort, Archibald Seton was coming from the Darbar after an audience with Resident. Mirza Jahangir fired a shot at the Resident from the roof of Naubat Khana. Seton escaped but his orderly was killed. For this act of his, Mirza Jahangir was exiled to Allahabad under orders of the British Resident.

The mother of Mirza Jahangir Queen Mumtaz Mahal Begum, was distraught and took a vow that if her son was released from Allahabad she would offer a chadar of flowers at the dargah of Khwaja Bakhtiar ‘Kaki’ at Mehrauli. After a couple of years, Mirza Jahangir was released and like a devout lady Mumtaz Mahal Begum went to Mehrauli to redeem her vow. With her, the Imperial Court also shifted to Mehrauli and so did the entire population of Delhi. For 7 days all sorts of merrymaking continued at Mehrauli with Jhoolas (swings) in the mango groves, cock fighting and bull baiting, kites flying, wrestling, and swimming bouts. Amidst all this merrymaking with great pomp and show, a chadar made of flowers was offered at the Dargah of Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki. The Mughal king was secular-minded and under his orders floral offering in the shape of a floral pankha was offered at the famous Yogmaya Temple which is also in Mehrauli.

Seeing the response of the people and sensing the enthusiasm generated, it was decided that the festival will be held annually after the rains and people of all communities will offer pankha and chadar at the Dargah of Khwaja Bakhtiar Kaki and pankha and floral offering at Yogmayaji temple. The Darbar was also shifted to Mehrauli for the 7 days of the Festival. The Festival reached its pinnacle during the reign of Siraj-U-ddin "Zafar", the last Mughal emperor also known as Bahadur Shah “Zafar”. Bahadur Shah "Zafar" went to celebrate "Phool Waalon Ki Sair" even in 1857 when Delhi was under siege of the British. This was the last "Phool Waalon Ki Sair" under the Mughals.

Celebration
The people of Delhi carry flowers from the Chandni Chowk to Mehrauli-  to the shrine of Sufi saint Hazrat Qutubuddin Kaki and the Devi Jogmaya Mandir. The total distance of the Sair (walk) is about 32 km. One can read Delhi's soul in this journey of 32 km from Chandni Chowk to Mehrauli. Along the highway were scattered life-giving baolis and sarais to quench the thirst of travelers, built by kings and commoners.  Arab ki Sarai.. Qutub ki Sarai... Parsi temple ki sarai..Yogi ki Sarai..Sheikh ki Sarai...Badli-ki-Sarai..Katwaria Sarai etc. There used to be all-pervading ambience of fun and merriment what with qawwalis, and kathak being performed on the streets. Fire dancers also performed on the streets during the procession and added a mystic allure to the proceedings.

As it passed through the streets of Mehrauli, where the Mughal courts used to shift after the rainy season, Mughal Emperor, Akbar Shah II, used to enjoy the procession from the balcony of Zafar Mahal in Mehrauli and watched it move towards the shrine of Sufi Saint Qutbuddin Kaki and later to Yogmaya Temple

During British Raj
The Festival continued to be celebrated even after 1857 revolt by the British Deputy commissioner who was the highest government functionary in Delhi with the help of some prominent citizens. The Festival was stopped by the British during the Quit India Movement of Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 as part of their suppression of the movement.

Revival of the festival
In about 1961, the Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru attempted to revive the festival. He asked Noor Uddin Ahmed, the mayor of Delhi, Taimur Jahan Begum, scion of the Mughal dynasty and Yogeshwar Dayal, scion of a prominent Delhi family to revive the festival. "Phool Waalon Ki Sair" was revived in 1961-62, when Nehru joined the festivities on 6 September 1962

Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru took great interest and came to Mehrauli on every "Phool Waalon Ki Sair" until his death in 1964. During the premiership of Indira Gandhi, all Indian states were requested to participate in the festival.

Since its revival in 1962, the Festival is organized every year by the Anjuman Sair-e-Gul Faroshan, a society registered under the Societies Registration Act.

See also
Religious harmony in India

References

External links
 Phool Walon Ki Sair
 Hindu-Muslim Flower Fest at The Times of India.

Flower festivals in India
Festivals in Delhi
Religion in Delhi
Mehrauli
Festivals established in 1812
1812 establishments in British India


The Society of Animal Artists is an international organization for artists who paint, sculpt, or draw animals and wildlife, founded in 1960.

The Society holds an annual exhibition, "Art & the Animal", which premieres at museum venues.  A portion of the exhibition is shown on tour around the United States. Dr. David J. Wagner is the current Tour Director and Curator for the Society of Animal Artists.  The Society celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2010 with their exhibition at the San Diego Natural History Museum in San Diego, CA.

Introduction
The Society of Animal Artists has an historical affinity with organizations that grew out of a movement to form associations and clubs dedicated to art in the 19th century. Like the National Academy of Design and other such organizations, the Society of Animal Artists is mandated by its bylaws to organize annual exhibitions. It is also worth noting that the Society of Animal Artists was founded in response to a 1958 exhibition entitled Animals in Bronx Zoo, held at Burr Galleries in New York, because this established an historical affinity with the conservation movement, which various members have supported ever since, not only through the ecological message of their artwork but also through generous contributions and sales.

History

Founding and early years
In the 1950s, individuals from the New York metropolitan area who liked to meet and paint at the Bronx Zoo  together staged "Animals In Bronx Zoo" at the Burr Gallery sponsored by the New York Zoological Society. Patricia Allen Bott and Guido Borghi were inspired to form the organization after an enthusiastic reception to this exhibition. The fledgling Society soon became a member of the renowned Salmagundi Club, and established an office in their building at 47 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY. Early Exhibitions were held in various galleries such as Sportsman’s Edge, Grand Central Art Galleries and the Alder Gallery (All in New York City).
In addition to Bott and Borghi, early members included: Elizabeth Rungius Felda [Sister of Carl Rungius], Paul Bransom, John Clymer, Gifford Cochran, Brenda Frey, Anna Hyatt Huntington, Gertude K. Lathrop, Robert Lougheed, Ugo Mochi, Clement Weisbecker and Walter Wilwerding.

Catalogs and exhibitions
The first SAA catalog, produced in 1978 for the exhibition at Sportsman’s Edge Gallery, consisted of 8 pages and was black and white. In 1979, the SAA had its first actual Annual Exhibition opening (again at Sportsman’s Edge), with formal programs and events. A 20-page black and white catalog was produced. In 1980, the "Society of Animal Artists Exhibition/Convention" was hosted by Game Conservation International at the Four Seasons Plaza Nacional Hotel, San Antonio, Texas. A 28-page, black and white catalog was produced. The first four-color catalog (44 pages) was produced in 1990, for the 30th Annual Exhibition at St. Hubert’s Giralda, New Jersey.

The SAA has hosted annual exhibitions since 1960 with the exhibition first being named "Art and the Animal" in 1988. The first museum venue was the Academy of Sciences in Philadelphia in 1981. In 1988 the Society recruited David J. Wagner to create and manage tours of artworks selected from annual exhibitions and to secure hosts for its annual exhibitions. SAA exhibitions have been displayed throughout the United States, with approximately 70% of hosting venues having been art museums or general museums that have included art as an integral dimension of their core mission. Over the years, the SAA’s work has been on display at more than 100 different institutions across the United States—and once in Canada in 1995 at the Old Algonquin Museum, Algonquin Park, Ontario.

See also
Wildlife art
List of wildlife artists

References

External links
Official Website of the Organization
Book: American Wildlife Art by David J. Wagner, Curator and Tour Director for the Organization

Animals in art
American artist groups and collectives
Arts organizations established in 1960
1960 establishments in the United States


Bill Heard Enterprises was a company based in Columbus, Georgia. Founded in 1919, it operated a group of automobile dealerships, primarily in the Southern United States.
 At its peak, the company operated dealerships in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Arizona and Nevada. By 2008, Bill Heard Enterprises was the 11th-largest automobile dealer in the United States (and as high as seventh at the start of the 21st century), the largest in the state of Georgia, and the largest dealer of Chevrolet automobiles.

It abruptly ceased operations on September 24, 2008, as a result of the ongoing troubles in the subprime lending markets and slower car sales. At the closure, there were 13 dealerships in the Heard chain, plus one that had closed two weeks prior. Four days after the closure of its dealerships, Bill Heard Enterprises filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

History

1919-1957: Beginnings
Bill Heard Enterprises began in 1919 as the William T. Heard Motor Company, where Bill Heard Sr. sold LaSalle, Essex and Hudson cars from a showroom in downtown Columbus. Heard founded the company using an inheritance from an uncle. In 1932, he began his long association with Chevrolet when he bought out a competing dealership.

1958-2005: Expansion
Bill Heard Jr. joined the business in 1958 after attending Auburn University and a stint in the United States Navy. The younger Heard took over the company in 1961 when his father died. Heard Jr. undertook a massive expansion beyond its home state in the 1980s. The expansion, built primarily on the premise of selling large numbers of cars at low profit margins worked well in the boom times of the 1990s and the first decade of the new millennium. In advertisements, Heard dubbed himself "Mr. Big Volume" because of the stores' high sales volumes.

By 2005, the chain was at its peak, and Heard was a major figure in Columbus. A theater in the city's performing arts center was named for him, as was the street running past his flagship dealership. His advertisements were heard or seen frequently in media outlets in the cities where his company's dealerships operated. General Motors awarded BHE its highest honor, "Dealer of the Year."

2000s: Controversy over business practices
The company's expansion came at a price, however. Much of Heard's business was built on customers whose financial situation meant they would not qualify for loans from traditional lenders, such as banks, credit unions and GMAC (now Ally Financial). Heard's dealerships were accused of using deceptive practices to entice buyers to purchase cars, or to qualify their purchases by not being truthful about their financial qualifications or the automobiles they sought to buy. The chain was also accused of using a fake "urgent potential recall notice" from GM to encourage previous buyers to purchase a new car.

The company was in continuing trouble with the Governor of Georgia's Office of Consumer Affairs, with enforcement actions taking place 15 times. The state also filed a lawsuit over the recall-notice affair; that lawsuit was still being contested when the company closed. In 2006 and 2007, the state reported (after an inquiry by the son of Heard Jr.) that BHE had 113 complaints filed against it by Georgia consumers, while the five largest competitors had a combined total of ten.

2007-2008: Market troubles
In 2007, the Heard chain represented $2.1 billion revenue, much of which came from the sale of new GM products. That year, however, its dealerships began to post significant monthly losses as the domestic auto market faced a downturn. In 2008, dealerships posted monthly losses that ranged from $2 to $5 million.

The company started to encounter problems when the market for subprime lending diminished drastically, as a result of similar issues with lenders of subprime mortgages. This cut off both a source of much of its customer base, but additional income from fees paid to Heard by subprime lenders, often 2% to 3% of the sale price. On August 21, 2008, there was also an issue with GM's lending arm GMAC, where Bill Heard lost GM's line of GMAC credit with some stores concerning the financing of new inventory. About that same time, the state of Georgia announced its plans for legal action against BHE regarding the fake recall notice promotion. In August 2008, the company had seen a 26 percent drop of year-to-date sales since the year before.

By September 2008, Bill Heard Enterprises was the 11th-largest automobile dealer in the United States (and as high as seventh at the start of the 21st century), the largest in the state of Georgia, and the largest dealer of Chevrolet automobiles in the United States. Automotive News also ranked it 13th among auto dealership groups in the United States.

2008: Dealerships closures
With mounting pressure from lenders and regulators, the company first closed its Scottsdale, Arizona location on September 12. Twelve days later, BHE announced the closure of the remainder of the company operations,  and the company abruptly ceased operations on September 24, 2008, closing its 14 Chevy dealerships and putting about 3,200 people out of work. Heard claimed the closures affected around 2,700 employees. It had five dealerships in Georgia, and six in other states including Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Nevada, Tennessee and Texas. Bill Heard Chevrolet in Sugar Land did stay in business, as of September 25, 2008. Warranties at closed dealerships remained valid at other Chevrolet dealerships.

The company attributed the closures to the rising price of fuel and an inventory overly focused on heavy trucks and SUVS during an economic slowdown.  The Wall Street Journal described the shutdown "after 89 years in business" as "monumental because of [Heard]'s strategic importance to GM."

2008-2009: Bankruptcy and dealerships sales
On September 28, the company filed for bankruptcy protection in Decatur, Alabama. Debtors included BMW, J.P. Morgan Chase and GMAC (now Ally Financial), for debts of around $229 million. The company listed both debt and assets of $500 million to $1 billion.

Following the filing, Judge Jack Caddell of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama set terms for Heard to find one or more buyers, to be approved by the court and General Motors. At the time it filed for bankruptcy, the company had already been in talks with various prospective buyers for individual dealerships.  NASCAR team owner and automobile dealer Rick Hendrick was mentioned as a possible buyer, as well as a dealer from San Diego, California. Heard's dealership in Scottsdale, Arizona remained open while a new owner was sought, while by September 30, the Sugar Land, Texas dealership had already been taken over by a new owner.

The flagship store in Columbus Georgia in 2009 was operating under new ownership, as Legacy Automotive.

Private investment company Oak Point Partners acquired the remnant assets, consisting of any known and unknown assets that weren't previously administered, from the Bill Heard Enterprises, Inc., et al., Bankruptcy Estates on November 15, 2013.

See also
List of Georgia (U.S. state) companies

References

External links
Archive.org snapshot of billheard.com as of July 10, 2007

Retail companies established in 1919
Retail companies disestablished in 2008
Companies based in Columbus, Georgia
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2008
Defunct companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Auto dealerships of the United States
1919 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
2008 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Former auto dealerships


Christopher Joseph Hayes (born August 24, 1946) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, most notable for the single game he played in the 1972 Stanley Cup semifinals for the eventual Stanley Cup champion Boston Bruins, his sole National Hockey League action.

Biography
He grew up in Chapeau, Quebec, a small village bordering on the Ottawa Valley. Hayes spent three years playing junior hockey for Oshawa 1965-68. He left hockey for two years, but returned in the 1970-71 season to play for Loyola College in Montreal. He then turned pro playing in four pro leagues for five different teams in a four-year span.

While playing for the Oklahoma City Blazers of the Central Hockey League in 1972, Hayes was called up due to injuries to play for the Boston Bruins. He played one game in the 1972 playoffs:  Game #3 of Boston's semifinal series in St. Louis versus the Blues.  Boston won 7-2.  Hayes recorded no points and no penalty minutes, but he did serve a Boston bench penalty for too many men on the ice.  Hayes never played in the NHL again.  Although Hayes was entitled to have his name engraved on the Stanley Cup for having appeared in a playoff game, it was not. Hayes was not re-signed by the Boston organization after the end of the 1973-74 season, and played four games in the NAHL in 1975-76, his final professional action. In April 2018, Chris Hayes finally received his Stanley Cup ring after Boston's team president Cam Neely learned about Hayes' situation.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL

References

External links

1946 births
Living people
Albuquerque Six-Guns players
Anglophone Quebec people
Boston Braves (AHL) players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Mohawk Valley Comets (NAHL) players
Oklahoma City Blazers (1965–1977) players
Oshawa Generals players
Sportspeople from Rouyn-Noranda
Stanley Cup champions
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States


Cloonanaha () (less often Clounanaha) is a small village and townland in County Clare, Ireland.

The village of Cloonanaha is just off the R460 road to the west of Inagh. It has a small school called Cloonanaha National School. Cloonanaha is within the civil parish of Inagh and the barony of Inchiquin.
It is in the Catholic parish of Inagh and Kilnamona. It contains the Oratory of The Blessed Mary Ever Virgin.

See also
 List of towns and villages in Ireland

References

Towns and villages in County Clare


Morelos is a state of Mexico.

Morelos may also refer to:
Morelos, Chihuahua
Morelos, Coahuila
Morelos, Michoacán
Morelos, State of Mexico
Morelos, Tamaulipas
Morelos, Zacatecas
Morelos (satellite)
Morelos Dam, a dam near Los Algodones, Baja California
Estadio Morelos, a sports stadium in Morelia, Michoacán
Morelos metro station, a station on the Mexico City Metro
Morelos (Mexico City Metrobús), a BRT station in Mexico City
Ciudad Morelos, Baja California
Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo

People with the name
Alfredo Morelos (born 1996), Colombian footballer
José María Morelos (1765–1815), leader of the Mexican War of Independence
Lisette Morelos (born 1978), Mexican actress

See also
Morelos Municipality (disambiguation)


John Lewis Linehan (born May 1, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player and currently an assistant basketball coach for the Saint Joseph's Hawks.  At 5'9" and 165 lbs., he played at the point guard position. He was nicknamed, "Le Virus" (English: "The Virus").

High school
Born in Chester, Pennsylvania, Linehan played competitive high school basketball, first at Chester High School, and then at Winchendon School, in Winchendon, Massachusetts.

College career
Linehan played college basketball for Providence College's Friars, from 1997 to 2002. He led the Big East Conference in steals, in three different seasons, and also earned the Big East Defensive Player of the Year and second-team All-Big East honors his last two seasons.  As a senior, in the 2001–02 season, he averaged 12.5 points, 3.8 rebounds, 4.4 assists, and 4.5 steals per game, finishing second in the nation in steals.

As a result, he was awarded the Henry Iba Corinthian Award, as the National Association of Basketball Coaches' Defensive Player of the Year, for that season. He finished his collegiate career as the NCAA Division I's all-time career leader in steals, with 385. On December 5, 2021, Richmond's Jacob Gilyard broke Linehan's nearly 20-year old record after recording his 386th steal in a win over Northern Iowa.

Professional playing career
Linehan was not drafted into the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He played for the Greenville Groove, of the National Basketball Development League (NBDL). In the 2003–04 season, he played for the Dakota Wizards of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), and won the league's championship with the team.

After winning the CBA championship, Linehan moved to Europe, and signed with Paris Basket Racing of the LNB Pro A in France, where he also played two years (2006–08) for SLUC Nancy. In the 2008–09 season, he played for Kalev/Cramo, in Estonia. With the team, he won the Estonian Cup and the Estonian League championship.

In July 2009, he signed a one-year contract with the French Pro A team Cholet Basket. He won the 2009–10 season's French League championship with the team.

In July 2010, Linehan signed a contract with the French club SLUC Nancy, and in the 2010–11 season, he won the French League championship with them. Linehan at one time held the record for the most assists in a single EuroLeague game, with 15 assists. On the 3 November 2011, he delivered 15 assists, in a EuroLeague game against Fenerbahçe. The record was later broken.

Coaching career
Linehan began his career as a basketball coach in 2015.

In July 2017, it was announced that Linehan would join the coaching staff at Hartford.
In May 2019, it was announced that Linehan would join the coaching staff at the University of Georgia. Linehan was named an assistant coach at Saint Joseph's University on April 22, 2022.

See also
 List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 11 or more steals in a game
 List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career steals leaders

References

External links
Euroleague.net Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
French League Profile
Twitter

1978 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Estonia
American expatriate basketball people in France
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
BC Kalev/Cramo players
Brown Bears men's basketball coaches
Cholet Basket players
Dakota Wizards (CBA) players
Drexel Dragons men's basketball coaches
Georgia Bulldogs basketball coaches
Greenville Groove players
Harlem Globetrotters players
Hartford Hawks men's basketball coaches
Paris Racing Basket players
Point guards
Providence Friars men's basketball players
SIG Strasbourg players
SLUC Nancy Basket players
Sportspeople from Chester, Pennsylvania
Basketball players from Delaware County, Pennsylvania


Mwanda Peak is the highest topographical point in the border of Zambia. It is located near the border with Malawi in the thin northeastern arm of Eastern Province, and sits in the Nyika Plateau.

External links
 Map

Mountains of Zambia


Suncheon Bay Ecological Park is a protected natural area near Suncheon, South Korea. It is a bay between Yeosu and Goheung peninsulas, located  from the center of Suncheon, with  of mudflats and  of reed beds.

From the junction of the Dong and Isa streams to the beginning of the mudflat in Suncheon Bay, it has the widest reed bed in Korea.  In autumn, reed blossoms, red turkeys, and white migratory birds make the area a popular attraction.

Climate
Suncheon Bay, facing the South Sea, has a climate strongly influenced by the sea.  The average temperature of the coldest month is about . A yearly average temperature is .  The annual temperature range is smaller than other areas.

Gardening and cultivation advances benefit from the warm temperatures in winter.  The area is developing fisheries for gray mullet, gizzard shad and octopus, and an aquaculture industry.

The administrative area of Suncheon Bay is over .  The total area of sandbar exposed at the ebb tide is about  and the total is .

Formation of Suncheon Bay
Suncheon Bay is about 8,000 years old.  Studies performed by geologists have determined that, after the earth's last glacial epoch, the level of sea increased about .  The western area of Korea, called West Sea, turned from land to sea.  The Korean peninsula was as it is today.  Suncheon Bay consists of brackish water, earth and sand, transported in by the river and accumulated over time by the tide of the sea, forming an extensive sandbar.

Inhabitants of Suncheon Bay
Suncheon Bay is a treasure house of many diverse species, making it an important area of study.  Due to little pollution, the area has developed salty swampy land, abounding in fresh marine products, and numerous and varied invertebrate animals and sea plants.

The extensive reedbeds form the wintering site and habitat for rare birds including the hooded crane, sea gull, white stork, black-faced spoonbill and eastern great egret.

Natural environment of Suncheon Bay

Swampy land
The land frequently called a swamp is the transition region between land and sea.  It is also called "the swirl of life" and "the lungs of earth," due to the many lifeforms that live in it.

The swampy area of Suncheon Bay expands into the downstream area at which Dong-cheon and Isa-cheon meet, supplying the swampy land.  The speed of the current rises by the increasing slope, and the land extends downstream.  The swampy land, unique to Korea, is preserved in view of its natural ecology.

The reedbeds and Suaeda japonica of Suncheon Bay are the main habitat for migratory birds, which attracts tourists.

Sandbar
The sandbar is unceasingly provided with nutrients from the river and is home to a diverse variety of animals and plants. The productive ecosystem of a sandbar is a habitat on which 20% of creatures on earth live.  Suncheon Bay is about 8 million pyeong in size.  The depth of the highly developed fine clay layers is about .  The sandbar is very productive and fills the role of natural purification and esthetics.

Vegetation
A total of 116 species, 92 genera, and 36 families of plants inhabit the salty area of Suncheon Bay.  A community of Phragmites communis forms the sides of the inner bank, which is also inhabited by zoysia sinica, Kummerowia stipulacea, Rhynchosia volubilis, and other plant life.  Within  of the outer parts of the bank, plants such as Erigeron bonariensis and Echinochloa crus-galli endure the salty environment relatively well.

The Phragmites communis community extends more and more as a dominant species of Suncheon Bay, developing and forming a ring shape in several areas of the reeds.  Suaeda asparagoides grows well on the dry ground of the lower part of the bank, and groups of Aster tripolium and Plantago maritima grow well near watercourses or puddles.  The Phragmites communis and Suaeda japonica communities grow as dominant species in farmlands and fields.

Phragmites communis community
The beginning of Suncheon Bay contains a densely spread community of Phragmites communis approximately 300,000 pyeong in size, which is more than 30 years old.  This community has been growing more quickly within the past 10 years. Other Phragmites communis communities in Korea have been destroyed, but the community of Suncheon Bay is the widest and most well-preserved.

The Phragmites communis community has an outstanding purifying function and provides a productive environment for Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, which is very sensitive to pollution.  It plays a role not only as a natural sanitation facility of Suncheon Bay, but also controls flooding.  It blocks the cold wind, which attracts fish, as well as birds that eat these fish.  The Phragmites communis community has become a habitat of various species of rare birds.

Birds
Approximately 158 species of birds inhabit Suncheon Bay, including 15 species of natural monument, six endangered species specified by the Ministry of Environment, 13 species of preserved species, 12 species of IUCN Red List, 16 species of CITES annex, and 15 species in Ramsar Convention.

Of the world's total population, more than 1% of Grus monacha and Larus saundersi, 18% of Tadorna tadorna, and 7% of Çalidris alpina inhabit the Suncheon Bay area.  These are international preserved species.

The dominant species are Anas acuta, Tadorna tadorna, Anas platyrhynchos, Aythya marila mariloides, Aythya fuligulaand Anser alvifrons.  Scolopacidae, plover such as Calidris alpina, and Charadrius alexandrinus use the Suncheon Bay for their hibernation area.

Other visiting species to the area include Grus vipio, Platalea minor, Ciconia boyciana, Falco tinnunculus interstinctus, Microsarcops cinereus, and Haematopus ostralegus osculans.

Benthos
Suncheon Bay is home to many marine resources.  Inhabitants include various groups of organisms, from a microbes to higher lifeforms, including a total of 43 species of benthos, a community of organisms which live on, in or near the seabed.  The density of inhabitation is about 300 individuals per 0.1 m2.

Bivalve mollusks, such as Neanthes japonica, Sinonovacula constricta, Cyclina sinensis, Megangulus venulosus, and glaucinomyachinensis, are widely spread throughout the middle and lower beaches.

Suncheon Bay Eco-Museum
The Suncheon Bay Eco-Museum, created in Haeryong-myeon and Byeolang-myeon, Dosa-dong, Suncheon-si is composed of Ecology Hall in the central facility zone, Yongsan Observatory overlooking Suncheon Bay, and small parks with the hem of Unmyong and Waon.

The Eco-Museum created in the central facility zone contains organized Phragmites communis, beaches and birds. It preserves various ecological resources and encourages academic research of resources and the ecological study by students and the general population.  Indoor facilities include a plan exhibition room, main exhibition room, movie room, ecology classroom and seminar room.  Outdoor facilities include the beach experience course nearby that can be used as an ecology study course for students and the general population, in addition to overview and sunset over Suncheon Bay.

Biology of Suncheon Bay

Shelter for passage birds
The natural ecological value of Suncheon Bay is represented by the habitation of migratory or passage birds, a measure of the productivity value of the swamp.  Numenius madagascariensis, or Far Eastern curlew, loses half of its weight during its migratory flight  non-stop from Australia.  It recovers while staying at Suncheon Bay for two weeks before flying on to Siberia.  It visits the Suncheon Bay area for its rich food supply.
The area's wide Suaeda japonica community and Phragmites communis community becomes a shelf providing a supply of food. The birds also catch food in the nearby field.

Winter passage birds
Winter passage birds that make a stopover in Suncheon Bay include Grus monacha, Anser albifrons, Tadorna tadorna, Anas penelope linnaeusm, Anas crecca, Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, Mergus serrator, Mergus mergansercircus cyaneus, Coturnix coturnix, Grus vipio, Vanellus vanellus, Calidris alpina, Numenius arquata, Larus saundersi, Larus ridibundus, Larus argentatus, Motacilla grandis, Prunella nontanella badia, Motacilla grandis and Turdus eunomus.

Summer passage birds
Summer passage birds of the Suncheon Bay area include Nycticorax nycticorax, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta garzetta, Egretta alba modesta, Ardea cinerea, Charadrius dubius curonicus, Alcedo atthis bengalensis, Motacilla cinerea robusta, Motacilla alba and Acrocephalus arundinaceus.

Spring and fall passage birds
Of the spring and fall passage birds to Suncheon Bay, approximately 15,000 crane plovers pass through annually.  There are 10 species that comprise 1% or more of Ramsar Convention joining requirements: Pluvialis squatarola (1%), Calidris alpina(7%), Numenius phaeopus (1%), Tringa nebularia (1%), Tringa guttifer (2%), Xenus cinereus (3%), Tringa brevipes (1%), Limosa lapponica (1%), Numenius arquata (2%), and Charadrius alexandrinus (1%).

Beach
The north-to-south coast of Korea follows a rough line.  Because of its geological feature forming a long gulf, the tide range is very large, which forms a long beach.  This beach of Korea is one of the top five longest beaches, along with the eastern coast of Canada, eastern and northern coasts of North America, and the Amazon River area.

The beach of Suncheon Bay is approximately 3,000 years old, with  and approximately 8 million pyeong of preserved natural areas providing a habitat for various creatures.  It is an internationally preserved habitat for rare passage birds.  The beach, a neutral zone connecting land and sea, provides a habitat and spawning grounds for various fish and shellfish.  More than 60% of the total fish catch for the area is produced from beach, and one third of creatures facing extermination are known to inhabit the beach.

Various species, including 230 species of fish, 193 species of crab, 74 species of shrimp and 58 species of shellfish live in the beach habitat.  The variety of creatures inhabiting this area is due to the rich nutrient salt, which provides high productivity.  According to Nature, a science magazine published in England, the ecological value of the beach is US$9,990 per 1§μ(0.01§').  It shows a higher value than farmland, which has an ecological value of US$92.  It is an ecologic value of centuple.

The Ministry of Environment of Korea evaluates the ecological value of the Korean beach as US$24.315, because Korean beach is a habitat for creatures where marine goods are produced, which is a higher value compared to foreign nations.  The beach of Suncheon Bay has been evaluated to have productivity converse to the economic value of approximately 24,500,000,000 won annually.

Reeds
The total area of the Phragmites communis field in Suncheon Bay is approximately 300,000 pyeong.  It covers over Gyoryang-dong, Daedae-dong and Junghueng-ri, Haechang-ri, Seonhak-ri and Haeryong-myeon of Suncheon-si.

Each side of the  long watercourse joining Dongcheon and Isacheon to the rivermouth is completely covered with a field of Phragmites communis, the biggest Phragmites communis community in Korea.  Its balls of seeds turn silver in the sunlight.  The Phragmites communis field is both a habitat for marine creatures and a key to the maintenance of the swamp ecosystem.

Suncheon Bay maintains its clean ecosystem with the help of the large community of Phragmites communis of 300,000 pyeong.
The root of Phragmites communis accelerates the growth of bacteria, which filters and absorbs solids.  The stem and leaves of Phragmites communis obstruct the growth of seaweed and slows down the wind on the water's surface.  It transmits oxygen from the atmosphere into water to the submerged parts of the plants, heightening the quantity of oxygen necessary to dissolve organic matters in the water to purify and improve the water quality.  Oxygen discharged from the roots of Phragmites communis oxidizes soil in a resolving state, and promotes the activation and dissolution of nearby microorganisms.  The wide Phragmites communis field provides an environment for the microorganism group to inhabit so that it dissolves and disperses various types of polluting substances.

Ramsar Convention
The swampy area of Suncheon Bay Ecological Park is the most productive life supporting ecosystem in the area.  The protection of it is very important for biological, hydrological, and economic reasons.  In many areas around the world, swamps are damaged due to factors including irrigation, reclamation and pollution.

To stop the damage to swamps, international and technological conferences sponsored by the International Waterfowl & Wetlands Research Bureau (IWRB) were conducted in 1960.  As the result of conferences, a convention was joined in Ramsar, Iran on February 2, 1971.  The establishment of the Ramsar Convention helped establish a convention on wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitats.  Korea joined this convention on July 28, 1997, as the 101st member.  Young Swamp of Daeam Mountain in Inje-gun, Gangwon-do and Upo Swamp in Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongnam are registered as Ramsar Swamps.

Suncheon Bay began to gain attention for its waterfowl population and enlisted into the Ramsar Convention.  It satisfies the "various kinds of birds requiring different types of habitat inhabiting" part of the Ramsar Conventions, making Suncheon Bay strong candidate to become a Ramsar Swamp.  Suncheon Bay was designated as a swamp preserving area of Korea in December 2003, and it joined the international network for protection of the crane in northeastern Asia in 2004.  The Northeastern Crane Network was organized as a protection strategy of Asian and Pacific passage birds at the 6th Ramsar Convention conference in 1996.

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Korea will request registration of Suncheon Bay as a Ramsar swamp in August or September 2013.  If it becomes a Ramsar swamp, the natural environment of Suncheon Bay and its ecosystem will be better preserved.

Suncheon International Wetlands Center
Suncheon Bay is one of the fifth-largest tidal flats in the world, an international wetland that attracted approximately 2.8 million visitors in 2008.  The methodology for the design of the Suncheon International Wetlands Center began with the concept of leading visitors through the wetlands to the Suncheon Bay. The imprint of the receding tide water becomes the concept for this design.

The visitor's center is placed at the northeast corner of the site, identified with meandering pathways which encourage and direct visitors to experience the wetlands and outdoor exhibits.  The design of these pathways allows visitors to experience the topographical change of the site from forest to wetland.  The placement of the building maximizes both the picturesque views to the mountains beyond and to the river, creating a visual continuation of both the water's path and visitor's circulation.

The buildings and pathways are designed to minimally affect the natural order of the protected wetland.  Recesses in the pathways around the building allow for the wetland to continue under the structures.  Building functions are separated into distinctly different envelops to allow for greater climatic control and lessen the overall energy usage.  The green roof continues the language of the mountains beyond, allowing the gallery interior unobstructed views of nature.  The wooden façade is intended to minimize summer sun exposure, maximize potential winter daylight and blend in with the surrounding woodland to the north.  Framed views from the gallery through these wooden slats capture light and help set the mood for the visitor's center.

Providing connectivity to the 2013 Garden Expo, and the greater city of Suncheon, this design intends to reconnect visitors to nature and a network of facilities designed to teach them about wetland preservation.

References

External links

Parks in South Jeolla Province
Museums in South Jeolla Province
Suncheon
Wetlands of South Korea
Nature centers
Natural history museums in South Korea


Dziechciniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wiązowna,  north-east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Dziechciniec


Emów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Wiązowna,  north of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Glinianka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wiązowna,  east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Glinianka


Izabela  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Izabela


Kopki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wiązowna,  east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Kopki


Kruszówiec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wiązowna,  east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Lipowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wiązowna,  east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Lipowo


Majdan () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Wiązowna,  north of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Majdan


Malcanów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wiązowna,  north-east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Michałówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Pęclin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Poręby  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Radiówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Wiązowna,  north-east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Rzakta  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Wiązowna,  east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Rzakta


Wiązowna  is a village in Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wiązowna. It lies approximately  north-east of Otwock and  east of Warsaw.

Climate
Wiązowna has a dry-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dsb).

References

External links
 Jewish Community in Wiązowna on Virtual Shtetl

Villages in Otwock County
Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)
Warsaw Governorate
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Wiązowna Kościelna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Otwock and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Wola Ducka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wiązowna,  east of Otwock, and  south-east of Warsaw.

References

Wola Ducka


Wola Karczewska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Wiązowna,  east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Wola Karczewska


Zagórze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Zakręt may refer to the following places:
Zakręt, Otwock County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Zakręt, Pułtusk County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Zakręt, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Zakręt, historical name of the location now known as the Vingis Park, Lithuania


Zakręt  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Wiązowna,  north of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Żanęcin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wiązowna, within Otwock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Wiązowna,  north-east of Otwock, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Otwock County


Antoninów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw. It is ethnically Polish, though some foreigners are present in the community.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Bąkówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Baszkówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

On August 25, 1994, the village witnessed the fall of a stony meteorite.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Bobrowiec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Bobrowiec


Bogatki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Bogatki


Chojnów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Chylice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Chyliczki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Chyliczki

pl:Chyliczki


Głosków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Głosków-Letnisko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Gołków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

On 9 July 1794 it was the site of the Battle of Gołków, fought in the early stages of the Kościuszko Uprising

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Grochowa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in the east-central region of Poland. It lies approximately  south of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Grochowa


Henryków-Urocze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Jastrzębie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Jazgarzew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Jazgarzew
Masovia
Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)
Warsaw Governorate
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Jesówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Józefosław () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Julianów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Kamionka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Kamionka


Kuleszówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Łbiska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Mieszkowo may refer to the following places:
Mieszkowo, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
Mieszkowo, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Mieszkowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)


Mieszkowo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Mieszkowo


Nowinki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Nowinki


Orzeszyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Orzeszyn


Pęchery  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Pęchery-Łbiska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Pilawa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Warsaw.

References

Pilawa


Pólko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Robercin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Robercin


Runów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Runów-Osada  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Siedliska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Siedliska


Szczaki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Szczaki


Wola Gołkowska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Wólka Kozodawska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Wólka Pęcherska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Aspidotis californica is a species of fern known by the common name California lacefern. It is native to California and Baja California.

It grows in rock cracks and crevices in many types of habitat, including Chaparral, Yellow pine forest, Foothill oak woodland, and Valley grassland.

Description
Aspidotis californica has leaves that are thin and dissected into many triangular leaflets which are subdivided into small segments with curled teeth.

The leaf segments bear sori containing sporangia, with the edges of the leaves rolled under to create a false indusium over the sori.

References

External links
Calflora Database: Aspidotis californica (California lace fern)
Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Aspidotis californica
USDA Plants Profile for Aspidotis californica (California lace fern)
UC Photos gallery — Aspidotis californica

Pteridaceae
Ferns of California
Ferns of Mexico
Flora of Baja California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Channel Islands of California
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
Plants described in 1851


Wólka Pracka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Żabieniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Zalesie Górne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

The village was founded in the 1930s, and as of 2013 its population was 3867. Located on provincial road No.873 and with a station on the Warsaw-Radom Railway line the village is today an affluent commuter suburb of the Capital. The surrounding forests are likewise a popular vacation spot for Warsaw residents.

Landmarks in the town include the school, Railway station, and the Roman Catholic parish of St. Hubert. The town lies adjacent to the Chojnów Landscape Park.

Gallery

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Złotokłos  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaseczno, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Piaseczno and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


The Morelos satellites are a series of Mexican communications satellites. The first two operated between 1985 and 1998 and provided telephony, data, and television services over the territory of the Mexican Republic and adjacent areas.  The third is now part of the MEXSAT constellation (sister ship of the MEXSAT-1 lost during launch) but carries the Morelos name.

The original Morelos satellites were replaced by the Solidaridad Satellite System (Solidaridad I, launched 17 November 1993, and Solidaridad 2, launched 17 October 1994) and, following privatisation, by the Satmex Satellite System.

Satellites

Morelos I
Morelos I was Mexico's first communications satellite. It was built and put into orbit under a contract from the Secretariat of Communications and Transport (SCT), the federal ministry responsible for the nation's communications systems.
Morelos I, a Hughes Aircraft Corporation HS-376, was launched by the U.S. Space Shuttle Discovery (mission STS-51-G) on 17 June 1985 and entered geostationary orbit at 113° W on 17 December 1985.

Morelos II
Morelos II was launched in November 1985 and remained in service until July 1998. Built by the Hughes Aircraft Corporation for the SCT, it was launched by the Space Shuttle Atlantis on 27 November 1985; the mission, STS-61-B, included Mexican-born astronaut Rodolfo Neri Vela as a payload specialist in its crew. Morelos II held a geostationary orbit at 116.8° W.

Morelos III
Morelos III (originally MEXSAT 2) was launched on 2 October 2015 at 10:28 UTC on Atlas V 421 AV-059 and the 100th launch by the United Launch Alliance. The spacecraft is designed to provide L-band services to mobile 3G+ users and armed forces via a deployable 22m Herschelian antenna dish with RF transceivers.  It also has a 2m Ku-band dish of fixed geometry with a much simpler deployment sequence.  The spacecraft is a Boeing 702HP GeoMobile spacecraft bus equipped with an RD-4 main engine for completing its ascent to geostationary orbit at 113° W from an ascent orbit of 4750 by 35800km inclined at 27° following the now-typical long duration two-burn profile of the Atlas V.  It was originally intended to serve with the similar MEXSAT-1 Centenario spacecraft (which would have been at 116° W) lost during the 3rd stage failure of the 406th Proton, a launch vehicle of Proton-M/Briz-M configuration.

Gallery

See also

 1985 in spaceflight
 Satmex
 Telecommunications in Mexico
 Mexsat

References

External links
 Morelos (Boeing)
 Morelos II (Satmex)
 Morelos-3 Launch images, Oct 2, 2015 @ 6:28 am EDT

Telecommunications in Mexico
Communications satellite constellations
First artificial satellites of a country
Satellites of Mexico
Spacecraft launched in 1985


Aleksandrów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Góra Kalwaria,  south-west of Piaseczno, and  south of Warsaw

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Baniocha  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Góra Kalwaria,  south-east of Piaseczno, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Borki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Góra Kalwaria,  south-east of Piaseczno, and  south-east of Warsaw.

References

Borki


Brześce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Góra Kalwaria,  south-east of Piaseczno, and  south-east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Brzumin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Góra Kalwaria,  south-east of Piaseczno, and  south-east of Warsaw.

References

Brzumin


Buczynów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Góra Kalwaria,  south-east of Piaseczno, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County


Cendrowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Góra Kalwaria,  south-east of Piaseczno, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Cendrowice


Coniew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Góra Kalwaria,  south-east of Piaseczno, and  south-east of Warsaw.

References

Coniew


Czachówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Góra Kalwaria,  south of Piaseczno, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Piaseczno County