Juicy! was a Philippine entertainment news program that premiered on August 11, 2008, on TV5. Hosted by Alex Gonzaga, IC Mendoza, Cristy Fermin and Shalala, the show features entertainment news, trivia, fan features, and interviews that highlight the Philippine entertainment industry. It was aired weeknights at 12:00 am to 12:30 am until cancellation on August 3, 2012, just 8 days before their 4th anniversary.

History

2008–2009
Newly branded TV5 unleashed its showbiz talk show last 2008, hosted by Alex Gonzaga. The goal of the show, which was then a 30-minute program airing every morning, is to provide allegedly unbiased entertainment news to the viewers unlike entertainment shows in rival networks ABS-CBN and GMA Network. Later that year, the late and great Inday Badiday's grandchild, IC Mendoza, was chosen to co-host the show with Gonzaga. Viewers of the program, however, note that the shows lambasts stars from the two larger networks and only promotes Kapatid, demonstrating an inconsistency on the premise of "lack of bias".

2010–2012: "Juicy", now spicier and juicier!
Now that TV5 has gotten bigger and better, with new upcoming shows and bigger showbiz names joining the station, juicy! has also been busy reinventing itself. The daily showbiz talk show is now spicier with talk show hosts Mo Twister and Cristy Fermin joining the fold. Mo and Cristy got entangled in a nasty verbal feud back in 2006 over Mo's controversial "40 Forbidden Questions" that he asks to showbiz celebrities guesting on his radio show "Good Times with Mo". Incidentally, the two hosts also headline TV5's weekly Sunday showbiz talk show "Paparazzi" with Dolly Anne Carvajal and former The Buzz co-host Ruffa Gutierrez joining them.

Later on the almost everyday Guest Panel of the show, Shalala was hired as a regular panel of the show because of his comedic act and his Bonggang Blind Items.

It was cancelled along with its weekend "version", Paparazzi but replaced with Ang Latest starting August 4, 2012.

Hosts

Final hosts
Alex Gonzaga (2008–2012)
IC Mendoza (2008–2012)
Cristy Fermin (2010–2012)
Shalala (2010–2012)

Guest hosts
Jose Javier Reyes
Gladys Reyes
Divine Lee
Nelita "Aposing" Balbuena

Former host
Mo Twister (2010–2011)
Paco & Gundito (2012)

Awards and recognitions
In the recent 25th Annual Consumers' Quality Awards, "Juicy" was adjudged as Best Entertainment Talk Show. It was the show's first award after airing for less than a year on TV. Hosts Alex Gonzaga and IC Mendoza also bagged respective awards as Best Female Talk Show Host and Best Male Talk Show Host.

See also
List of programs aired by TV5 (Philippine TV network)

References

External links
Official Website

2008 Philippine television series debuts
2012 Philippine television series endings
TV5 (Philippine TV network) original programming
Philippine television talk shows
Entertainment news shows in the Philippines
Filipino-language television shows


Dennis McKinney (born July 24, 1960) is a former Kansas State Treasurer. He was a member of the Kansas House of Representatives where he represented the 116th House District for ten terms, the last six as the Democratic Party's leader (Minority Leader) in the Kansas House. In January 2017, he was a  Democratic candidate for the party's nomination as the 4th District of Kansas nominee in the U.S. House of Representatives. At the Democrats' 4th District nominating convention February 10, 2017, he narrowly lost to James Thompson.

Early life, education & career
McKinney, the youngest in a fourth-generation family of settlers was born in the Coldwater, Kansas hospital. He was raised on a farm astride the Comanche and Kiowa county line, south of Greensburg, Kansas, which is the county seat of Kiowa County.

He graduated with a B.A. from Wichita State University, where he also earned a master's degree in Public Administration (MPA). He and his wife Jean (a public school paraprofessional), reside on the south side of Greensburg, where they raised daughters Kelly and Lindy.

Despite heavy involvement in politics, McKinney continued his career in farming and ranching through 2017.

Political & public service career

Kiowa County Commission
From January 1989 through May 1992, prior to serving in the Kansas Legislature, McKinney was a Kiowa County Commissioner.

Kansas House of Representatives
After being appointed to a vacancy in his district's seat in the Kansas House of Representatives in May 1992, he was subsequently re-elected to the seat for nine more terms. His 116th Kansas House District covers a large portion of rural south central Kansas, including Kiowa county, Barber County, Comanche County, Kingman County, northern Harper County, and southeastern Ford County.<ref name="unlikely">"McKinney says he's unlikely to make Greensburg post permanent," January 31, 2011, Pratt Tribune,''' Pratt, Kansas, retrieved February 10, 2017</ref>

During his tenure, McKinney was noted largely for promoting public education, and pushing to preserve funding for education and health services, particularly for the elderly and disabled.

He particularly emphasized "constituent services" to district constituents needing a personal advocate in Topeka to help solve their problems with state government.

He was elected by fellow Democrats as the Minority Leader in that body, leading the House Democrats from January 2003 until his resignation from the Legislature in December 2008. As Leader, he served on Legislature leadership councils, including the State Finance Council, the Calendar and Printing Committee, the Interstate Cooperation Committee and the Legislative Coordinating Council. He also directed organizing activities of the minority caucus, and streamlined legislative business, and worked across party lines successfully.

He resigned in 2008 to accept a gubernatorial appointment as State Treasurer, and was replaced in the Kansas House of Representatives by Pat Maloney of Kingman, Kansas.

Kansas State Treasurer
On November 18, 2008 Governor Kathleen Sebelius appointed McKinney Kansas State Treasurer to replace outgoing Treasurer Lynn Jenkins, who had been elected to Congress representing the 2nd Kansas District. McKinney resigned from his legislative post in order to assume duties as Treasurer on January 5, 2009.

While working with essentially the same staff and budget as his predecessor, McKinney managed a "major increase" in the amount of state-held unclaimed property returned to Kansans. With a booth at the Kansas State Fair, McKinney outreached taxpayers to familiarize them with the office role in locating unclaimed property. In 2010, his staff helped about 1,000 Fair attendees to recover $201,397 that was due to them which was being held in trust by the state.

He was defeated in 2010 by Republican Ron Estes.

Greensburg City Manager (interim)
Following the sudden 2010 resignation of Greensburg City Manager Steve Hewitt, who had guided Greensburg through its tornado-disaster recovery, McKinney accepted, for three months, the job of interim City Manager, until a replacement could be found. McKinney's focus was on continuing the massive recovery from one of the nation's worst tornado disasters, which had destroyed the entire town—emphasizing continuing support for Greenburg's nationally noted energy-efficient, environmentally-sensitive "green" renovation.

Kansas Historical Foundation board
In 2015, at the Kansas Historical Society, McKinney was elected to the Board of Directors of the Kansas Historical Foundation."NW Kansans elected to Kan. Historical Foundation board," November 14, 2015, Hays Post, Hays, Kansas, retrieved February 11, 2017

Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission
McKinney was appointed to the Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission in March 2011, by Governor Sam Brownback, and was listed, in January 2017, as the Vice Chair of the Commission, which oversees and regulates gambling and animal-racing in Kansas.

U.S. House of Representatives candidate
District opening & history
McKinney announced his candidacy to seek the Democratic party's nomination for  in the 2017 special election to fill the vacancy left by the departure of new CIA Director Mike Pompeo. The seat, in a strongly Republican district, had not been won by a Democrat since popular moderate Dan Glickman narrowly lost his re-election bid for a 10th term in 1994. In the 2016 General Election, the Republican nominees for President (Trump) and Congress (Pompeo) overwhelmingly defeated the Democratic nominees (Clinton and Giroux), by two-to-one margins in the 4th District. In 2012, federally mandated redistricting resulted in the Fourth District shifting westward into more conservative Western Kansas."Judges' decision moves Pratt County into 4th Congressional District," June 9, 2012, Pratt Tribune, Pratt, Kansas, retrieved February 12, 2017

Endorsements
McKinney secured endorsements for Congress from former Kansas Governor John Carlin, State Senator Oletha Faust-Goudeau, and State Representatives Ed Trimmer and Tim Hodge."ENDORSEMENTS", McKinneyForKansas.com, retrieved February 10, 2017

He also had support from labor unions representing over 40,000 workers—particularly the Wichita/Hutchinson Labor Federation of the AFL-CIO, a coalition of 30 local unions representing over 30,000 union members, in South-Central Kansas, including teachers, aviation industry workers, operating engineers, construction workers, electricians, firefighters, state employees, janitors, train operators and other occupations. Another AFL-CIO affiliate, the Building and Construction Trades Council of Central and Western Kansas—a coalition of 13 Kansas building-trades unions, representing over 10,000 members—also endorsed McKinney for Congress.

Issue declarations
In announcing his candidacy, McKinney blasted Congressional efforts to privatize Medicaid, citing Kansas troubles with that approach in its failing Kancare system.

McKinney also criticized the state's shift from income taxes to higher sales and property taxes, while funding for schools was sharply cut, particularly criticizing state and Congressional moves towards privatizing or cutting education, describing education as "good for the economy," and workforce education as critical to the district's primary manufacturing industry: aviation.

Citing his farmer/rancher background, McKinney claimed his experience with those issues, first-hand, and as a legislator, could bring a competent voice to the drafting of the upcoming Farm Bill, critical to the state's foremost industry, agriculture.

Contest
McKinney faced four Democratic opponents, none of whom had been elected to public office before. The party nominee was selected by a vote of delegates to the 4th District Democratic convention, at the Sedgwick County Courthouse Jury Room, in Wichita, on Saturday, February 11, 2017. In the first round of voting, by 39 pre-selected party delegates, McKinney and civil rights lawyer James Thompson had the most votes, but neither had the required "50% plus one vote," so they went to a final round of voting, in which Thompson defeated McKinney 21-18.

The general election was held on April 11, 2017, with Thompson facing Kansas State Treasurer Ron Estes, the Republican nominee. Estes won, 52.5 to 47.7%, in a race where the Democratic National Committee chairman Tom Perez refused to provide financial support to Thompson.  The National Republican Congressional Committee substantially outspent the Democrat, James Thompson. The NRCC contributed $92,000, in part for last minute "venomous" ads supporting Estes, which without any basis, characterized Thompson as an advocate of taxpayer funded, late term abortions, and those based on gender selection. Prior to the election, it was reported that Estes had raised $459,000 to Thompson's $292,000. Late in the race, the Kansas Democratic party finally contributed $3,000 to the Thompson campaign, but new Democratic National Committee Chair Tom Perez said his organization would not be transferring any funds to the election. Thompson lost to State Treasurer Ron Estes, McKinney's successor, but by 6.2% in a district where the incumbent, Mike Pompeo, and presidential candidate Donald Trump, won by 31% the previous November.

Tornado and recovery

On the evening of May 4, 2007, the first of a series of powerful storms and one of the strongest tornadoes of the century, an EF5 tornado with a 1.7-mile-swath, and  winds exceeding , flattened 95% of McKinney's hometown of Greensburg, Kansas.Norris, Michelle, NPR interviewer, "State Representative Rides Out Tornado in Tub," transcript, May 7, 2007·4:00 PM ET, All Things Considered, National Public Radio, retrieved February 10, 2017.

The tornado left the area without power, plunging it into darkness. The destruction included the city hospital, schools and McKinney's own house in town. Together with his daughter, Lindy, in their basement, they barely survived the complete collapse of their residence.

As the funnel passed, McKinney emerged from the wreckage to search for, and assist, stricken neighbors. Joined by the Superintendent of Schools, Darren Hedrick, they soon found and extricated a mother and her nine-month-old son from where they had been buried, deep in the rubble of her home.

Not all were so fortunate: Out of the roughly 1,500 residents, ten others were killed in Greensburg during the cataclysm, with more dying or found dead later,Kansas Tornado Death Toll Rises,CBS, Scott Conroy, May 8, 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2017. plus two more in neighboring smaller towns."Raw emotions underlie new, green Greensburg," May 3, 2010, The Wichita Eagle, retrieved February 11, 2017  The destruction caused more than half the now-homeless and traumatized population to depart; a third of the population—500 people—moved away permanently.

McKinney immediately declared his intent to remain and rebuild. With city officials, McKinney helped guide the community in the mobilization of rebuilding efforts and resources. On May 23, still homeless from the storm, McKinney was in the State capitol shepherding a relief bill for Greensburg through the Legislature. It passed unanimously in both houses, transferring an additional $25 million to a pre-existing $10 million state emergency fund, and granting another $5 million in business restart grants for the community.

Elected officials from President George W. Bush, Governor Sebelius and U.S. Senator Pat Roberts, soon visited the recovering municipality.

Utilizing state of the art, sustainable technology, and marshalling prodigious public, corporate and private funding, Greensburg was rapidly transformed into perhaps the "greenest" city in America. A year into the restoration and recovery, McKinney wrote, "The Kiowa County we had a year ago was a testament of the tenacity of our grandparents. The Kiowa County we are building today will be testimony to future generations of our resilience."

References

External links
 Official website: "McKinney for Kansas"
 "Dennis McKinney announces his run for Congress on Vimeo"
 History of the Kansas State Treasurer
 Tornado coverage from the Topeka Capital Journal
 Out of the Rubble and Towards a Sustainable Future: The "Greening" of Greensburg, Kansas, Urban Planning Department, University of Kansas'', S.S. White, 2010. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
 Vote Smart Dennis Mckinney

1960 births
County commissioners in Kansas
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Kansas House of Representatives
People from Kiowa County, Kansas
State treasurers of Kansas
Wichita State University alumni
People from Comanche County, Kansas
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians


George William Clarkson (11 December 1897 – 15 August 1977) was an Anglican bishop in the 20th century.

Clarkson was educated at New College, Oxford and  ordained in 1927. He was then successively a curate in Wigan, Vicar of Aspull, Sub Dean of St Albans Cathedral (and Rural Dean of Dunstable) before his ordination to the episcopate as the fourth Bishop of Pontefract with the additional title of Archdeacon of Pontefract. In 1961, in controversial circumstances not of his own making (many had expected the Provost of Guildford to succeed), he became Dean of Guildford, a position he held for seven years. In retirement he continued to serve as an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Lincoln until his death.

References

1897 births
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Bishops of Pontefract
Deans of Guildford
Archdeacons of Pontefract
20th-century Church of England bishops
1977 deaths


Blast from the Past is a two-CD compilation album that contains re-recordings of older Gamma Ray material from the Ralf Scheepers era, with Kai Hansen singing the vocals, and remasters of more recent tracks. All instruments for old songs were also re-recorded, with new arrangements, by the then current members of the band.

The songs from each era to be included in the compilation were chosen by the band's fans.

Track listing

Note: All tracks on CD 1 and tracks 1-3 on CD 2 are completely new recordings from the year 2000. Tracks 4-10 on CD2 are remastered versions of the original recordings.

Personnel
 Kai Hansen - vocals, guitar
 Henjo Richter - guitar, keyboards
 Dirk Schlächter - bass
 Dan Zimmermann - drums

Production
 Mixed at: Hansen Studio, Hamburg, Germany
 Engineered by: Dirk Schlächter, Kai Hansen

Credits
 Cover Art by: Derek Riggs
 Digital Artwork and Booklet Design by: Henjo Richter

References

Gamma Ray (band) albums
2000 remix albums
Sanctuary Records remix albums
Albums produced by Kai Hansen


Deçan Mountain () is a mountain in the west of Kosovo, in the Prokletije range, rising to a height of 2,200m above sea level. It and the village of Deçan located near it share the same name. Deçan Mountain and its neighbour Gjeravica can be viewed as far as Radoniq lake.

References

Mountains of Kosovo
Accursed Mountains
Two-thousanders of Kosovo


Vishwambari is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 54th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Vamshavati in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 6th rāgam in the 9th chakra Brahma. The mnemonic name is Brahma-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu mi pa dhu nu. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:

Shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham and kakali nishadham are the notes used in this scale, other than shadjam and panchamam. As Vishwambari is a melakarta, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Hatakambari, which is the 18th melakarta scale.

Janya rāgams
Vishwambari has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Vishwambari.

Compositions
A few compositions set to Vishwambari are:

Vamshavati shiva yuvati and Bhaktavatsalam by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Paramananda by Koteeswara Iyer
Vijayatam shri rajarajeswarim by Mysore Jayachamaraja Wodeyar

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Vishwambari's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other minor melakarta rāgams, namely, Shamalangi and Ganamoorti. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Ganamoorti.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Roger Federer was the defending champion but did not compete that year.

Nikolay Davydenko won in the final 6–4, 7–5 against Martin Verkerk.

Seeds

  Rainer Schüttler (quarterfinals)
  Paradorn Srichaphan (first round)
  Jiří Novák (second round)
  Martin Verkerk (final)
  Vince Spadea (second round)
  Andrei Pavel (first round)
  Taylor Dent (second round)
  James Blake (first round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
 2002 BMW Open Singles draw

2004 ATP Tour
2004 BMW Open


The Special Service Battalion (SSB) is a South African military unit formed on 1 May 1933 under the patronage of Oswald Pirow, Minister of Defence. The object was to give training to youths, between the ages of 17 and 23, who, in the wake of the 1929 depression, could find no suitable employment on leaving school.

History
Lt Col George E Brink was given the responsibility for establishing the battalion at Roberts Heights and was the first commanding officer. The SSB was established to save the youth from physical and moral degeneration caused by massive unemployment due to the Great Depression. The SSB was to teach the young men military discipline, fitness and various trades to enable them to be employed by the Department of Labour and Welfare. The SSB men received a salary of a shilling a day causing the SSB soon to be known as the "Bob a Day Battalion"

In 1934 detachments were also established for 100 trainees at Durban and 150 at Cape Town. Training included elementary military subjects and physical training. After a year of the young men usually found employment in government departments or with civilian employers. By 1936 the output of the SSB totalled about 2000 youths a year. In 1937 the South African Railways established at Roberts Heights a special school to prepare boys for the railways. In 1937 3788 youths passed through the ranks of the SSB. A total of 882 of them joined the Permanent Force.

With the expansion of the South African Air Force in 1937 the SSB provided 248 air apprentices for special training but, with the improvement in the economic situation, the waiting list to join the battalion had dwindled to almost nil.

With the outbreak of war in September 1939, members of the SSB were posted to units requiring immediate reinforcement to get on to a wartime basis. An example of this being the Coastal Artillery. In February 1940 a number of troops were transferred to the 1st and 2nd Field Force Battalions. These served with distinction in East Africa, Abyssinia and the Middle East as part of 1st South African Division.

In August 1941 all members of the SSB below the age of 18 were transferred to the Youth Training Brigade. The remainder formed an infantry battalion, which was converted to an armoured car commando in 1942.

In February 1943 the SSB, under Lt Col EG ('Papa') Brits, became part of the 11th SA Armoured Brigade. In March 1943 the Field Force Battalion was disbanded and other ranks and some of the officers were transferred to the SSB, thus providing a nucleus of battle-tested veterans.

The unit sailed for the Middle East with the 6th SA Armoured Division in April 1943. In 1944 the division crossed the Mediterranean Sea to take part in the Italian campaign. The regiment played a prominent part in numerous actions during the campaign.

In 1946, SSB was resuscitated as a Permanent Force unit and reorganised on a two-battalion basis with the 1st Battalion as an armoured unit and the 2nd Battalion infantry. The former became a training regiment in 1953 and the latter was renamed the 1 South African Infantry Battalion (1SAI) in 1951.

Regimental symbols
The cap badge is a spray of three protea flowers, bound by a ribbon bearing the initials and motto.
Regimental motto: Eendrag Maakt Mag (Unity is Strength)

Red tabs

The South African Defence Act (Act No 13 of 1912) was vague in its description of where members of the Union Defence Force could be deployed. Because the act could be interpreted as not making provision for active service by UDF units beyond the Union's borders and "the prevailing tense political climate", Field Marshal Jan Smuts, the prime minister, declared that only volunteers would make up a fighting force beyond the country's borders. The volunteers were required to sign a document known as the 'Africa Oath', in which they declared that they would be prepared to fight anywhere in Africa. They were distinguished from other members of the UDF by orange-scarlet shoulder tabs worn on their uniforms and commonly referred to as 'red tabs'.

According to Professor Andrè Wessels of the Department of History at the University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, "the wearing of these tabs caused a lot of resentment, by stigmatising both those who were prepared to fight and those who opposed active involvement (depending on one's political outlook), and was one way of exerting pressure on UDF members to volunteer for active service".
The author Alan Paton mentioned the red tabs/flash in his 1953 novel, Too Late the Phalarope.  The South African Police also wore them, and they were derogatorily called the "red lice".

Leadership

Battle honours
Italy 1944–1945, Florence, Gothic Line, Celleno, The Greve, Po Valley

Museums
The regimental museum of 1 Special Service Battalion in Bloemfontein tells the story of the special unit that was born as a result of the Great Depression. Articles in the museum date from this period.

The SA Armour Museum, on the grounds of Tempe Military Base, exhibits various items dealing specifically with military armour. It consists of an indoor-, outdoor-, and reference library area.

References

External links
 SA Armour Museum

Further reading
 W.Otto et al.: Die Spesiale Diensbataljon/The Special Service Battalion (Central Documentation Service, SA Defence Force, Publication No. 2,1973)

Military units and formations of South Africa
Military units and formations of South Africa in World War II
Military units and formations of South Africa in the Border War
Military units and formations established in 1933
South African Army
Military history of South Africa during World War II
Military units and formations disestablished in 1953


The Sherwood Magpies Australian Football Club is the senior Australian rules football club of the western suburbs of Brisbane which competes in Division One of the AFLQ State League. The club is based at McCarthy Homes Oval, 41 Chelmer st, Chelmer, at the same grounds as the Sherwood Junior Australian Football Club and fields a team in the AFLQ senior, reserve, under 18 and women's grade competitions.

The club formed through a merger between the Western Districts AFC and the Sherwood AFC in 1991 but has roots back to 1920. A number of senior clubs have represented Brisbane's western suburbs for decades including the Taringa, Western Districts, Sherwood, and West Brisbane) and competed in the highest division of local football. These clubs were all forced out of existence over time though the Sherwood Magpies AFC draws much of its culture, identity, heritage and following from them. The current club has been playing in Division Two of the AFL Queensland State League since 2004, but is being promoted into Division One from the commencement of the 2009 season under the guidance of President Brian Knight, Senior Coach Paul Grentell and Club Development Manager Anthony McDonald.

The club aims to provide a pathway into the AFL for players from local junior clubs, develop the network of surrounding senior and junior Australian rules football clubs, and provide a fun, friendly, family oriented hub for local football in the western suburbs. The Sherwood Magpies Australian Football Club and Sherwood Junior Australian Football Club are sponsored by Tradelink (major sponsor), Hog's Breath Cafe and Cleanway (secondary sponsors).  Junior clubs that lie within its traditional area include Collingwood Park, Ferny Grove, Forest Lake, Kenmore, Jindalee, Moorooka, Sherwood, Southern Redbacks, Springfield Lakes, Wests Juniors and Yeronga.

History
The Sherwood Magpies Australian Football Club was formed as the State League representative of Brisbane's western suburbs, incorporating the history of the previous clubs to compete in the AFL Queensland State League.

Taringa AFC
A Taringa Football Club competed in the QFL (an early form of the AFL Queensland State League) in the 1920 season. The club only appeared in the State competition for that single season, but resurfaced by entering the newly titled QANFL in 1931. The club's emblem was the bulldog, and the club colours were maroon and white. Despite making it to five grand finals Taringa was unable to secure a premiership, but it produced two De Little Medalists in C.Vigden (1939) and Doug Pittard (1940). Taringa changed its name to the Western Districts Australian Football Club in 1946.

Western Districts AFC
The Western Districts Australian Football Club came into existence in 1946 when the Taringa Football Club changed its name to incorporate the whole of Brisbane's western suburbs. Western Districts kept the emblem (the bulldog) and colours (maroon and white) of Taringa and were originally based at Oakman Park, Toowong but moved to Chelmer Oval, Queenscroft st, Chelmer in 1971. The club continued to grow steadily, finishing in third place in 1951, and losing to Mayne by merely one point in the 1952 grand final. The club learned from their narrow loss, defeating Windsor and Sandgate respectively in the 1953 and 1954 grand finals to secure their first and second premierships. Western Districts were unable to qualify for the finals between the years of 1956 and 1962, before suffering consecutive grand final losses at the hands of Mayne in 1966 and 1967. The club's next, and last ever, grand final appearances came consecutively in 1977, 1978 and 1979. The Bulldogs narrowly won premierships by 5 points against Wilston Grange in 1977, and by 4 points against Windsor/Zillmere in 1978, before losing what would be their last grand final appearance to Sandgate in 1979. Western Districts eventually merged with Sherwood in 1991 to form the West Brisbane Australian Football Club. The Western Districts Australian Football Club had a number of very successful players in their midst throughout their existence. Doug Pittard won two Grogan Medals during his time at the club to go with his De Little Medal he won with Taringa, and played a handful of games for the Footscray reserves. Owen Backwell was also a dual Grogan Medalist for the Bulldogs, who topped the league goal kicking in 1977, played over 300 games for the club, including the 1977 and 1978 premierships, and had a short stint with the Fitzroy Football Club. Ray Hughson topped the league goal kicking while playing for Western Districts a remarkable six times (1958, 1959, 1962–65), while Gavin Crosisca (over 250 AFL games for Collingwood), Ray Smith (over 100 VFL games for Essendon and Melbourne), and Gary Shaw (Collingwood and the Brisbane Bears, and still coaches at the Western Magpies) all went on to play in the VFL/AFL.

Sherwood AFC
The Sherwood Australian Football Club developed out of the Sherwood Junior Australian Football Club, which was formed in 1956. As the junior club grew in size, there was a desire to have a direct senior team for the Sherwood JAFC, which saw the Sherwood AFC formed to compete in the Metropolitan Division of the QAFL. The club was based at Chelmer Oval, 41 Chelmer st, Chelmer, directly next to the Queenscroft st ground of the Western Districts, which is the current home of the Western Magpies. The club took on the black and white stripes of their junior club as well as the emblem of the magpie, both of which are still thoroughly attached to the club to the current day thanks to the winning of a coin toss with Southport (who had previously had the same colours and emblem) upon the entry of both clubs to the QAFL in 1983. This occurred after Sherwood managed to work their way up through the divisions, after winning eight first division flags in a row they earned their 1983 promotion into the QAFL. In 1991 Sherwood AFC merged with the Western Districts to form the West Brisbane Australian Football Club, which could be a single footballing force in Brisbane's western suburbs. Players of particular note for the Sherwood AFC include John Rantall, the 336 game South Melbourne, North Melbourne and Fitzroy VFL veteran who coached Sherwood in their debut season in the QAFL, and 1983 Grogan Medal winner, Bill Pierce, whom the Western Magpies best and fairest is named after.

West Brisbane AFC
A merger between the Western Districts AFC and the Sherwood AFC in 1991 saw a single senior force in the western suburbs formed in the form of the West Brisbane Australian Football Club. The merged club adopted the maroon and white colours of [Western Districts Australian Football Club] with the jersey design of the Port Adelaide Magpies football club, played out of Chelmer Oval, Chelmer and were nicknamed The Warriors. The club was successful in winning a premiership in the 1996 season, comfortably defeating Mt Gravatt 17.10 (112) to 8.10 (58), with Corey Lambert claiming that year's Grogan Medal. Unfortunately, due to financial reasons West Brisbane were unable to compete in the following year's competition and had a few seasons out of the State competition before returning as the re-branded Western Magpies Australian Football Club in 2001.

The Current Club

The West Brisbane Australian Football Club that disbanded at the end of 1997 reformed in 1999 under the name of the Western Magpies Australian Football Club and in 2001 re-entered the QAFL which had merged with its Gold Coast equivalent to become the AFL Queensland State League. After four years of mediocre on-field performances and financial struggles, when the AFLQ decided to undertake a major re-shuffling of the leagues in 2004 to create a two tier State League competition the Western Magpies were relegated to the newly created Division Two. Paul Grentell was appointed the club's senior coach, and the Magpies set about strengthening every aspect of the football club in the hopes of returning to Division One. The senior team narrowly missed out on a place in the 2005 Division Two grand final, but were successful in reaching the grand final in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The Western Magpies defeated the Noosa Tigers in the 2006 decider, before losing to the Palm Beach Currumbin Lions in the final game of 2007. Despite losing the 2007 grand final, it was announced at the end of that year that the Western Magpies would be returning to Division One of the State League in 2009. The Magpies rebounded from their 2007 loss to Palm Beach to end the Lions 38-game winning streak at their Chelmer home ground during the 2008 home and away season, and followed this up by defeating the Lions again in a thrilling grand final. This capped the club's time in Division Two off nicely, leaving them with two premierships (2006 & 2008) and three grand final appearances (2006–2008) from their four years in lower division. During this four-year period, the reserves team played in the Division Two grand final (each year 2005–2008), winning premierships in 2005, 2006 and 2007, while the under 18 and women's teams both continued to participate in Division One of their competitions.

As of the beginning of Season 2020 in the Queensland Australian Football League

Links To Other Local Clubs
The Western Magpies enjoy close relationships with all of the junior and senior clubs within Brisbane's western suburbs in their role as the focal point for football ball in the area. All junior clubs within the area are encouraged to promote the Western Magpies as the pathway into the AFL for young players in the western suburbs. In a similar way, the club also relates closely with the surrounding senior clubs, as they also provide a pathway for players to play at a standard of football that best suits their ability. In particular, the Western Magpies work closely with the Sherwood Junior Australian Football Club and the Kenmore Australian Football Club. The junior clubs within the western suburbs that the Western Magpies work with include;
Collingwood Park
Ferny Grove
Forest Lake
The Gap
Kenmore
Jindalee
Moggill
Moorooka
Park Ridge
Sherwood
Southern Redbacks
Springfield Lakes
Wests Juniors
Yeronga

Sherwood Junior AFC
The senior Western Magpies club is based out of the same grounds and facilities as the Sherwood Junior AFC. The Sherwood Junior AFC was founded in 1956. It is also now known as the Magpies. Both are affiliated with the Sherwood Football social club, and Sherwood Junior AFC acts as one of the many local feeder clubs to the Western Magpies, with many juniors moving up from the Sherwood juniors into the senior club. The Sherwood Junior AFC's aim is to produce quality players to graduate into football with the Western Magpies, and eventually to the AFL. The official website of the Sherwood Junior AFC is located at www.sherwoodafc.com.

Kenmore AFC
The Kenmore Australian Football Club are a separate club who play in the QFA South competition. The Kenmore Bears and the Western Magpies enjoy a close relationship that sees players transfer between the two clubs in order to play the best possible level of football. The two clubs' grounds are situated next to each other in Chelmer, with Kenmore playing out of the Queenscroft st grounds that were once those of the Western Districts Australian Football Club. In 2008 these grounds were closed for redevelopment, and Kenmore played their all of their home games for that season on the Western Magpies field. The official website of the Kenmore Bears is located at www.kenmore.aflq.com.au.

2008 season
The Western Magpies Australian Football Club competed in the Pineapple Hotel Cup in 2008, the Division Two competition of the AFL Queensland State League. The president for 2008 was Matthew Vowles, who entered the position in 2007, and the captain Chris Mihalopolous, a junior of the Sherwood Junior AFC. Paul Grentell, who took over the position as senior coach in 2004, was to coach the senior team in 2008, assisted by Peter McClennan (reserves coach), Hadyn Dowley, Quentin Johnson and Brian Millar. After being defeated by the Palm Beach Currumbin Australian Football Club in the 2007 grand final, the Western Magpies went through the 2008 home and away season with fifteen wins out of eighteen games to sit second on the ladder to the Palm Beach Currumbin Lions before the commencement of the finals series. The Magpies's only losses were against Palm Beach Currumbin (Round 1), Coolangatta Tweed Head (Round 2) and Burleigh (Round 16), and one of the most memorable victories came in Round 14, when the Magpies defeated the Palm Beach Currumbin Lions 18.8 (116) to 5.16 (46) to end the Lions's 34-game winning streak. The Western Magpies and the Palm Beach Currumbin Lions both made it through the finals series into the 2008 AFL Queensland State League grand final for a rematch of the previous year's grand final. The two clubs fought out a tough contest, which saw the Lions lead throughout the first three quarters of the game. The Magpies lifted during the third quarter to close in on the minor premiers, and managed to kick six goals to two in a thrilling final quarter to take out a nail biting decider, 16.8 (104) to 14.17 (101). The Magpies reserves went through the home and away season with only two losses, to Wilston Grange and Burleigh. This left the team on top of the ladder, one game clear of their closest rivals. The reserves won their way straight through to the grand final, where they were unable to make it four consecutive Division Two premierships, being soundly beaten by Aspley 10.8 (68) to 21.7 (133). The Western Magpies under 18 team won three of their matches curing the season, and were unable to secure a place in the finals.

Award Winners

The following awards were presented at the Western Magpies Australian Football Club presentation night on 18 October.

Seniors

Bill Pierce Medal for Best & Fairest – Val Pope
Runner-Up Best & Fairest – Richard Wenham
Most Consistent – Greg Friis
BG Award – Tim McEvoy
Rookie of the Year – Gerard Moore
Best Back – Mark Dowley
Best Midfielder – Richard Wenham
Best Forward – Adam Gillespie
Best Finals Player – Luke Scott
Best on Ground in the Grand Final – James Rozynski

Reserves
Best & Fairest – Jye Spencer
Runner-Up Best & Fairest – Blake McClennan
Most Consistent – Luke Knight
Most Improved Player – Dominic Beer
Best Back – Scott Hughes
Best Midfielder – Matthew Page
Best Forward – Jay Baker
Best Finals Player – Cameron Thomas

Under 18
Maurie McNamee Medal for Best & Fairest – Mark Stratton
Runner-Up Best & Fairest – Daniel Massey
Most Consistent – Cory Colhoun
Most Improved – Jordan Patterson
Encouragement Award – Matthew Green
Russell Green Memorial Trophy for Coach of the Year – Gary Shaw

2009 season

It was announced at the end of 2007 that the Western Magpies would be returning to Division One of the AFL Queensland State League from 2009. After achieving successful results, it was felt that the Magpies had made enough progress to warrant a western suburbs presence in the State League. In 2008 the club hired Anthony McDonald as Club Development Officer to assist in the progression up to the State League, and began interviewing potential players to bolster their playing list for the 2009 season. The club's existing young talent was bolstered by the signings of 2007 Tasmanian under 18 representative Matt Dillon  and former St Kilda rookie and Western Magpie junior Ed McDonnell but overall the Magpies failed to recruit many top level players. The Western Magpies senior squad were put through a tough pre-season program before hosting the Redland Bombers in round one of the season. The Magpies seniors team were unable to get a victory in their first match in the AFL Queensland State League, losing by 48 points in a match that has so far set the tone for their season. The Western Magpies seniors are currently yet to record a victory in the 2009 season, as seen in the table of results below;

Seniors Awards

Bill Pierce Medal for Best & Fairest – Ben Heffernan-Roper
Runner-Up Best & Fairest – Chris Judson
BG Award – Luke Scott
Rookie of the Year – Ben Jaenke-Cain
Best Back – Ed McDonnell
Best Midfielder – Ben Heffernan-Roper
Best Forward – Josh Barton
Hard luck story - Chris McClennan

Honour List

Senior Premierships

Queensland Australian Football League

1953 – Western Districts
1954 – Western Districts
1977 – Western Districts
1978 – Western Districts
1996 – West Brisbane

AFL Queensland State League – Division Two

2006 – Western Magpies
2008 – Western Magpies

SEQAFL Division One - PHC
2012

AFL/VFL Listed Players

Ray Smith (Western Districts) – Essendon Bombers (1971–1975, 77 games 1 goal), Melbourne Demons (1975–1976, 27 games 1 goal)
Gary Shaw (Western Districts) – Collingwood Magpies (1983–1986, 32 games 33 goals), Brisbane Bears (1987, 6 games 5 goals)
Craig Potter (Western Districts) – Sydney Swans (1984–1990, 42 games 16 goals) Brisbane Bears (1991–1993, 13 games 3 goals)
Gavin Crosisca (Western Districts) – Collingwood Magpies (1987–2000, 246 games 64 goals)
Simon Luhrs (Western Districts) – Brisbane Bears (1991–1993, 12 games 0 goals)
Simon Hose (Western Districts) – Sydney Swans (1986–1988, 0 games 0 goals) Brisbane Bears (1989–1990, 5 games, 2 goals)
Marty Pask (Western Magpies) – Brisbane Lions (2006, 8 games 4 goals), Western Bulldogs (2007, 0 games 0 goals)

Grogan Medallists

Note: Prior to 1946, the Grogan Medal was titled the De Little Medal.

1939 – C.Vigden (Taringa)
1940 – D.Pittard (Taringa)
1946 – D.Pittard (Western Districts)
1947 – D.Pittard (Western Districts)
1956 – T.Pelly (Western Districts)
1958 – A.Stewart (Western Districts)
1971 – O.Backwell (Western Districts)
1975 – O.Backwell (Western Districts)
1977 – P.Taylor (Western Districts)
1983 – W.Pierce (Sherwood)
1996 – C.Lambert (West Brisbane)

League Leading Goalkickers

1958 – R.Hughson (Western Districts) [71]
1959 – R.Hughson (Western Districts) [114]
1962 – R.Hughson (Western Districts) [105]
1963 – R.Hughson (Western Districts) [109]
1964 – R.Hughson (Western Districts) [111]
1965 – R.Hughson (Western Districts) [90]
1977 – O.Backwell (Western Districts) [93]

References

External links
Official website

Western Magpies
Australian rules football clubs in Brisbane
Australian rules football clubs established in 1991
Chelmer, Queensland
1991 establishments in Australia


Sutliff is an unincorporated community in Cedar Township, Johnson County, Iowa, United States, just south of Lisbon. The community was founded at the location of Sutliff's ferry. The ferry was operated from 1838 or 1840 onward by Allen (or Allan) C. Sutliff (1796–1873), the elder brother of the Ohio Supreme Court Judge Milton Sutliff (1806–1878).  Sutliff, later sold the ferry service to Jim McLellan, whose nickname of "Butts" also tagged the community with the name Buttsville. The community is known for its bridge, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, which was badly damaged during the Iowa Flood of 2008. Baxa's Sutliff Store & Tavern is the main public business. The Sutliff Store has been sitting on the banks of the Cedar River next to the Historic Sutliff Bridge since 1899.  The Sutliff Bridge was reconstructed through FEMA funding approved by the Johnson County Board of Supervisors by a 3–2 vote.  The reconstruction was supervised by VJ Engineering and construction was completed by Iowa Bridge and Culvert of Washington, Iowa.  A ribbon cutting ceremony was held in October 2012 to open the bridge to the public again.  It had been closed for four years following the devastation of the 2008 flood.

References

Unincorporated communities in Iowa
Unincorporated communities in Johnson County, Iowa
Iowa City metropolitan area
1838 establishments in Iowa Territory


Foreign relations exist between Austria and Netherlands. Austria has an embassy in The Hague and 2 honorary consulates (in Amsterdam and Rotterdam). The Netherlands have an embassy in Vienna and 6 honorary consulates (in Bludenz, Innsbruck, Graz, Klagenfurt, Salzburg and Linz).
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe and the European Union.

See also
 Foreign relations of Austria
 Foreign relations of the Netherlands

External links
List of bilateral treaties between both countries: Austria Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in German only)
Austrian embassy in The Hague (in Dutch and German only)
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Austria (in Dutch only)
Dutch embassy in Vienna (in Dutch and German only)

Netherlands
Austria


Vehicle registration plates of Botswana for normal motor vehicles begin with the letter B, followed by three digits, followed by three letters. The digits and letters are assigned by a registrar. The three letters will never include the letter Q so as to avoid confusion with the letter O. The front number plates have black lettering on a white  reflective background. The rear number plates have black lettering on a yellow reflective background. Public passenger number plates have white lettering on blue background at both the front and rear.

Government vehicles all have the prefix BX, except defence force vehicles which have the prefix BDF. The front BX number plates have red lettering on a white reflective background. The rear BX number plates have white lettering on a red reflective background. The BDF number plates have white letters on a green non-reflective background for the front plate and black letters on a green non-reflective background for the rear plate.

Diplomatic vehicles’ number plates starts with two digits, two letters (CD, CC or CT) and a further three digits. These digits are allocated by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Republic of Botswana and Bechuanaland Protectorate
These codes dating back to the Protectorate continued in use after independence:
BPA – Francistown
BPB – Serowe
BPC – Tuli Block
BPD – Gaborone
BPE – Molepolole
BPF – Lobatse
BPG – Kanye
BPH – Tshabong
BPI – Ghanzi
BPJ – Maun
BPK – Kasane
BPL – Mochudi
Government:
BPX – Government vehicles

References

2. Holcroft’s South African Calendar 1975, published by Vergne, Pretoria (for earlier codes).

External links

Botswana
Transport in Botswana
Botswana transport-related lists


Olivia Newton-John and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra: Live at the Sydney Opera House is a HD video (16:9) released in 2008 for a tour of four concerts at the Sydney Opera House of singer Olivia Newton-John. The show was done in March 2006 with her band and Sydney Symphony conducted by Rick King. Produced by Olivia's Gaia Productions.

Cast
 Olivia Newton-John - vocal

Orchestra
 The Sydney Orchestra
 Rick King - Conductor/Arranger

Musicians
 Andy Timmons - Guitar & Vocals
 Dan Wojciechowski- Drums
 Lee Hendricks - Bass
 Catherine Marx - Key
 Warren Ham - Horns & Vocals
 Steve Real - Background Vocals
 Carmella Ramsey - Background Vocals

Cameo
 Chloe Lattanzi - Herself

Track listing
"Have You Never Been Mellow"
"Magic"
"Xanadu"
"Stronger Than Before"
"If Not for You"
"Let Me Be There"
"Please Mr. Please"
"Jolene"
"If You Love Me, Let Me Know"
"Physical"
"Don't Stop Believin'"
"Dancin'"Written by John Farrar© 1980 John Farrar Music (BMI)
"Suddenly"
"Not Gonna Give In To It"Written by Olivia Newton-John© 1994 Zargon Music (ASCAP)
"Cry Me a River"
"The Rumour"
"Heart Attack"
"Make a Move on Me"
"Twist of Fate"
"Tenterfield Saddler"Written by Peter Allen© 1972 Irving MusicDuet with Peter Allen's archive video
"Can I Trust Your Arms"Music by Olivia Newton-JohnLyrics by Chloe Lattanzi© 2005 Zargon Music (ASCAP), Chloe Rose Music (ASCAP)
"The Promise (The Dolphin Song)"Written by Olivia Newton-John© 1981 Zargon Music (ASCAP)
"You're The One That I Want"
"Hopelessly Devoted to You"
"Summer Nights"
"I Honestly Love You"
"Serenity"Written by Amy Sky & Stephan Moccio© 2005 Latte Music (SOCAN), Sing Little Penguin (SOCAN)

External scenes
In the DVD, the songs are merged with Newton-John and her daughter Chloe Lattanzi and band with visiting the beautiful sights of Sydney. The scenes outside take place mostly at Manly Beach and last about 20 minutes.

External links

Olivia Newton-John video albums
Live video albums
Olivia Newton-John live albums
2008 video albums
2008 live albums
Albums recorded at the Sydney Opera House


Bulgarian-Dutch relations are foreign relations between Bulgaria and the Netherlands.  Bulgaria has an embassy in The Hague. The Netherlands has an embassy in Sofia. Both countries are members of the European Union and the NATO.
the Netherlands has given full support to Bulgaria's membership in the European Union and NATO.

Country comparison

Royal Visits to Bulgaria
 Beatrix of the Netherlands and Prince Claus of the Netherlands
 6–8 October 1999 - Sofia, Burgas and Nesebar
 The Prince of Orange
 25–26 May 2009 - Sofia

Diplomacy

Republic of Bulgaria
The Hague (Embassy)

of the Netherlands
Sofia (Embassy)

See also
 Foreign relations of Bulgaria
 Foreign relations of the Netherlands
 Bulgarians in the Netherlands
 Dutchs in Bulgaria
 Accession of Bulgaria to the European Union

References

External links
  Bulgarian embassy The Hague
   Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Bulgaria (in Dutch only)
  Dutch embassy Sofia

Netherlands

Bilateral relations of the Netherlands


Enric Duran Giralt (born 23 April 1976, Vilanova i la Geltrú) also known as Robin Banks or the Robin Hood of the Banks is a Catalan anticapitalist activist and a founding member of the Catalan Integral Cooperative (CIC - Cooperativa Integral Catalana) and Faircoop.

On September 17, 2008, he publicly announced that he had 'robbed' dozens of Spanish banks of nearly half a million euros as part of a political action to denounce what he termed the predatory capitalist system.

From 2006 to 2008, Duran took out 68 commercial and personal loans from a total of 39 banks with no guarantees or property as collateral.  He had no intention of repaying the debts, and used the money to finance various anti-capitalist movements. In 2008, Duran released both an online article entitled "I have "robbed" 492,000 euros from those who rob us the most, in order to denounce them and build alternatives for society" (translated), and an online video, each explaining what he had done and that he had left the country to view the reaction and consider his next move.  This was also published in the free magazine Crisis, in Catalan, of which 200,000 copies were printed and distributed by volunteers throughout Catalonia.  A second newspaper, We can! Live Without Capitalism was distributed on March 17, 2009, and a third, We want! on September 17, 2009.

Stated reasons for actions

Duran stated that he sought to create a debate about the financial system and the current capitalist system, proliferate protest actions against it and fund the social movements that seek to create alternatives.  Duran called what he did an "an individual disobedience action", and stated that he was prepared to go to prison for his actions.

Response of authorities

In 2009 Duran returned to Spain, and was arrested by Spanish police on March 17, 2009 at the University of Barcelona, as charges had been brought against him by six of the thirty-nine banks concerned. He spent two months in prison before being freed on a bail of 50,000 euros.

For the first anniversary of  the announcement of his "robbery", an action day was planned in over 100 cities on September 17, 2009, in which people met, both in Spain and abroad, to share alternatives to capitalism.

In November 2011, a presentation was made to a civil judge requesting the annulment of his contract with Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria. On November 25, 2011, the state prosecutor requested that the judiciary pass down an 8-year prison sentence for Duran, for the crimes of presenting false documents (in securing his loans) and continued insolvency.  The defence attorney based his case on the fact that imprisonment for unpaid debts has been abolished in Spain.  Duran himself responded by maintaining that "I do not think that the judiciary is entitled to judge" (translated from Catalan). He questioned the state's lack of response to the financial speculators who inflicted great suffering on much of the European population, and to the September 2011 changes to the Spanish constitution which made the repayment of debts the absolute priority of the country.  He also claimed that his actions were an act of social justice - an attempt to redress in some small way the injustices perpetrated by those in power.

Duran cited the pardon granted to the chief executive of the Banco Santander, Alfredo Sáenz Abad, in November 2011, as an example of the bias of the judiciary towards the powerful and well-connected, and argued that "when the government violates the rights of the people, insurrection is the most sacred of rights and the most indispensable of our duties" (translated from Catalan).  He called on his supporters not to waste time campaigning for his acquittal or release, but rather to follow his acts of civil disobedience towards the banks with their own. In March 2012 he released a video explaining his legal situation and continued to encourage others to civil disobedience.

Life in hiding

Before a criminal tribunal scheduled for 12 February 2013, Duran decided to leave the country rather than stand trial in Spain. "I don't see legitimacy in a judicial system based on authority, because I don't recognise its authority." The prosecuting attorney and 16 banking institutions called for an 8-year prison sentence.

Since this time he has been in hiding. A campaign under the hashtag #ReturnWithFreedom was started to enable Duran to return to Catalonia.

Catalan Integral Cooperative

In April 2010, Duran began promoting the Catalan Integral Cooperative as a practical example of the ideals detailed in We can! Live Without Capitalism.  In 2011 the cooperative accepted responsibility for a former industrial complex, with a view to turning it into a centre for environmental activities.

FairCoop

In April 2014, Duran began to develop an idea that  was to become Faircoop, an open global cooperative. It stated aims are to "contribute to a transition to a new world by reducing the economic and social inequalities among human beings as much as possible, and at the same time gradually contribute to a new global wealth, accessible to all humankind as commons".

Faircoin was chosen as the cryptocurrency upon which to base its resource-redistribution actions and building of a new global economic system.

See also
Anticapitalism
Bank fraud
Civil disobedience
De-growth
Lucio Urtubia

References

External links
Enric Duran's blog  (in English)

Catalan Integrated Cooperative (in English)
2011 video about the Catalan Integrated Cooperative project, featuring Enric Duran
English translation of the "Right of Rebellion" manifesto promoted by Duran

Living people
Civil disobedience
1976 births
Spanish activists
Degrowth advocates
People from Vilanova i la Geltrú
Spanish anarchists
Anarchists from Catalonia
People from Catalonia
Spanish bank robbers
Fraud in Spain
Fraudsters
Spanish fraudsters


Croatian–Dutch are foreign relations between Croatia and Netherlands. Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 23, 1992. Croatia has an embassy in The Hague. The Netherlands have an embassy in Zagreb and 3 honorary consulates (in Dubrovnik, Opatija and Split).
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, European Union and NATO.
Netherlands joined the EU as a founding member state, and Croatia joined the EU in 2013.
The Netherlands has given full support to Croatia's membership in the European Union and NATO.

European Union
While the Netherlands was one of the founding members of the EU, Croatia joined the EU in 2013.

NATO
While the Netherlands was one of the founding members of NATO, Croatia joined NATO in 2009.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Croatia has an embassy in The Hague.
 Netherlands has an embassy in Zagreb.

See also
 Foreign relations of Croatia
 Foreign relations of the Netherlands
 Croatia in the European Union
 Netherlands–Yugoslavia relations

References

External links
Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with the Netherlands
Croatian embassy in The Hague
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Croatia (in Dutch only)
Dutch embassy in Zagreb

Netherlands
Croatia


In 1905 the Prussian state railways grouped six-coupled, medium-powered, goods train, tank locomotives into its  Class G 3. In addition to standard locomotives, there were also 285 G 3s that were not built to German state railway norms, because they had been built, in most cases, before the foundation of the Prussian state railways.

The G 3 standard locomotives were, in their day the standard goods train locomotives with the Prussian state railways. The first examples were procured in 1877 for the Berlin-Wetzlar railway, known as the Kanonenbahn ('Cannons' line). Other deliveries went to the various state and private Prussian railways, to the Prussian state railways themselves and the Royal Prussian Military Railway. Some of the locomotives had outside valve gear, the majority however had inner gear. The railway division of Frankfurt am Main even classified locomotives with outside valve gear as the G 2. In all some 2,068 G3 locomotives were built.

The G 3 differed from the Prussian G 4.1 in having a lower boiler overpressure of  as against  on the G 4.1. From 1886 onwards, only the variant with the higher boiler pressure was built. Several locomotives were later given boilers with the higher boiler pressure and were then classified as G 4.1. One G 3 ended up in the Royal Saxon State Railways on the division of the Berlin-Dresden railway and was designated as a Saxon V with the name Tellkoppe.

In 1923 the Deutsche Reichsbahn envisaged as many as 523 locomotives in its renumbering plan, with the numbers 53 7001 - 7522 and 53 8294 (from Saxony). However, by 1925 only locomotives with the numbers 53 7001 - 7157 were included. They were retired by 1930.

In the Second World War two G 3s came into the Reichsbahn fleet from Poland as numbers 53 7005 and 7006.

Other railway companies also owned Class G 3 engines:
 Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway: 8 units, see the Mecklenburg G 3
 Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine: 37 units as C 21 - C 24, later reclassified as G 3, see the Alsace-Lorraine G 3
 Lübeck-Büchen Railway: 2 units, designated the Class G 2

Class G3 locomotives were equipped with a Prussian pr 3 T 10.5 tender.

One Prussian Class G 3, the Cöln 1100, later Saarbrücken 3143 has been preserved for posterity by the DB Museum in Nuremberg. It had been rebuilt from a Prüfgewicht.

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses
 List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses

References

Railway locomotives introduced in 1877
0-6-0 locomotives
G 03
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
C n2 locomotives
Freight locomotives
Berliner locomotives
Borsig locomotives
SACM locomotives
Hanomag locomotives
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Hohenzollern locomotives
Schichau-Werke locomotives
Union Giesserei locomotives
AG Vulcan Stettin locomotives
Wöhlert locomotives


Netherlands–Romania relations are the bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Romania. The Ambassador to Romania is concurrently accredited to Moldova. Romania has an embassy in The Hague and honorary consulates in Heeg, Rotterdam and Venlo. The Netherlands has an embassy in Bucharest, honorary consulates in Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara and Constanța, and since 2016 an office in Chișinău in Moldova.

Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO. The Romanian Embassy in Hague is also the Permanent Representative of Romania at the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons as well as the Romanian Authority providing direct contact with any other international institutions and organizations based in the Netherlands.

Lucian Fătu has been appointed Ambassador of Romania to the Kingdom of the Netherlands in November 2020 and Roelof van Ees was appointed Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to Romania in 2019.

History
The first Dutch diplomatic representative in Romania was established on 21 December 1841 with a vice-consulate in Galaţi. On 25th August 1856, a mission was established in Bucharest as a consulate-general with broader powers and duties and in 1857 four honorary consulates were founded: in Botoşani, Focşani, Roman and Giurgiu. In January 1880, the Netherlands recognized the independence of Romania and the consulate in Bucharest was raised to diplomatic agency level. The consul Jean A. Keun presented his letter of credence as Chargé d'affaires. On 13 February 1880, Romania and the Netherlands officially launched the diplomatic relations at the level of legation.

Between 1880 and 1898 Romania was represented in the Netherlands through its legation in Brussels. The first head of the mission called on 17 of April 1880 was minister Mihai Mitilineu. In 1898, a Romanian legation was established in The Hague led by Ion N. Papiniu. In 1900 the Romanian legation in The Hague had in subordination the general-consulate of Rotterdam and the consulates of Amsterdam, Dordrecht and Scheveningen.

On 25 August 1966 the relationships between Romania and the Netherlands were raised to embassy level.

Rotterdam and Constanţa are twinned since 1968 and Sibiu is officially twinned with Deventer since 2007.

Economic relations
In 2013, record values were registered in terms of the value of the trade exchanges volume, Romanian exports, and Dutch investments in Romania. The volume of trade exchanges had a total of 3573.93 million euro (export: 1538.06, import: 2035.87), up by +11.77% over 2012. The Netherlands has maintained and strengthened its position among the top ten trade partners of Romania.

The Netherlands holds the first place in the ranking by country of residence of investors in companies with foreign capital. More than six thousand companies with Dutch capital were registered. Main business fields with high potential for bilateral cooperation are energy and environment, infrastructure development, architecture, industrial subcontracting, agriculture, tourism, information technology and telecommunications. Among the main Dutch investors in Romania are Unilever, ING Group, Philips, Damen Group, Friesland Campina, Heineken, Nutricia, KPMG, Nuon, Wavin, Fokker, and DAF Trucks.

From 2014 to 2015, the number of migrant workers from Romania in the Netherlands increased from 6 thousand to 13 thousand. As of 2014, Romanian nationals can work in the Netherlands without work permit restrictions.

Agreements
Legal framework:
19 April 1994, Bucharest: Governmental Agreement on Mutual Promotion and Protection of Investments (in force since 1 February 1995).
5 March 1998, The Hague: Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and Wealth (in force since 29 July 1999).
5 March 1998: Memorandum of Understanding regarding the Economic Cooperation Programme between the two Governments (in force since 11 August 1998).
25 April 2005, Neumünster Abbey: Treaty of Accession 2005 (effective 1 January 2007).
2008: Memorandum of Understanding regarding water management between Romanian Waters National Administration and Water Administrations Union of the Netherlands.

High level visits

Netherlands to Romania
Royal visits:
November 2001: Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands

Visits at Prime Minister level:
1994, 2001, 2003

Visits at ministerial level:
30 June 30 - 1 July 2010: visit of the Dutch Minister of Social Affairs, Piet Hein Donner.
27-30 September 2010: economic mission led by the vice-minister for Foreign Trade, Roderick van Schreven.
21 April 2011: visit of the Dutch minister for Infrastructure and Environment Melanie Schultz van Haegen to Galați. The signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on the cooperation between Constanța and Rotterdam harbours.
10 May 2011: bilateral talks on European affairs.

Romania to the Netherlands
High level visits:
1973: Nicolae Ceaușescu
1998

Visits at Prime Minister level:
1996, 1997, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2016

Visits at ministerial level:
7 December 2010: bilateral talks on consular affairs.
26 April 2011: bilateral talks on European affairs.
6-7 September 2011: visit of the Romanian minister of Justice, Cătălin Predoiu.
15 September 2011: visit of the Romanian minister of Transport and Infrastructure, Anca Boagiu.
8 November 2020: visit of Minister of Foreign Affairs (Romania), Bogdan Aurescu.

In 2001, Michael I of Romania visited the Netherlands. In 2019, his daughter Margareta of Romania visited the Netherlands to consolidate Dutch-Romanian relations.

European Union
While the Netherlands was one of the founding members of the EU, Romania joined the EU in 2007.

NATO
While the Netherlands was one of the founding members of NATO, Romania joined NATO in 2004.

Resident diplomatic missions
 the Netherlands has an embassy in Bucharest.
 Romania has an embassy in The Hague.

See also
 Foreign relations of the Netherlands
 Foreign relations of Romania
 Romanians in the Netherlands

References

Bilateral relations of Romania
Romania


Dutch-Slovenian relations are foreign relations between the Netherlands and Slovenia.  Both countries established diplomatic relations on June 25, 1991. The Netherlands has an embassy in Ljubljana.  Slovenia has an embassy in The Hague.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO.

Diplomacy

of the Netherlands
Ljubljana (Embassy)

Republic of Slovenia
The Hague (Embassy)

See also
 Foreign relations of the Netherlands
 Foreign relations of Slovenia

External links
  Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Slovenia (in Dutch only)
  Dutch embassy in Ljubljana
  Slovenian embassy in The Hague

S;ovenia
Bilateral relations of Slovenia


Grenzplankostenrechnung (GPK) is a German costing methodology, developed in the late 1940s and 1950s, designed to provide a consistent and accurate application of how managerial costs are calculated and assigned to a product or service. The term Grenzplankostenrechnung, often referred to as GPK, has been translated as either Marginal Planned Cost Accounting or Flexible Analytic Cost Planning and Accounting.

The GPK methodology has become the standard for cost accounting in Germany  as a "result of the modern, strong controlling culture in German corporations". German firms that use GPK methodology include Deutsche Telekom, Daimler AG, Porsche AG, Deutsche Bank, and Deutsche Post (German Post Office). These companies have integrated their costing information systems based on ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software (e.g., SAP) and they tend to reside in industries with highly complex processes. However, GPK is not exclusive to highly complex organizations; GPK is also applied to less complex businesses.

GPK's objective is to provide meaningful insight and analysis of accounting information that benefits internal users, such as controllers, project managers, plant managers, versus other traditional costing systems that primarily focus on analyzing the firm's profitability from an external reporting perspective complying with financial standards (i.e., IFRS/FASB), and/or regulatory bodies' demands such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Internal Revenue Services (IRS) taxation agency. Thus, the GPK marginal system unites and addresses the needs of both financial and managerial accounting functionality and costing requirements.

Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) is based, among others, on key principles of German managerial accounting that are found in GPK.

Background
The origins of GPK are credited to Hans-Georg Plaut, an automotive engineer and Wolfgang Kilger, an academic, working towards the mutual goal of identifying and delivering a sustained methodology designed to correct and enhance cost accounting information. Plaut concentrated on the practical elements of GPK, while Kilger provided the academic discipline and GPK documentation that is still being published in cost accounting textbooks taught in German-speaking universities. The primary textbook on GPK is Flexible Plankostenrechnung und Deckungsbeitragsrechnung.

In 1946, Plaut founded an independent consulting business in Hannover, Germany which continued to grow employing more than 2,000 consultants. Plaut and Kilger focused on creating a cost accounting system that would cater to managers who are responsible for controlling costs, managing profits and providing information that would enable managers to make informed decisions.

Concepts of GPK
GPK is a marginal costing system and is decidedly more comprehensive than most U.S. cost management systems because of the level of organizational planning and control and its emphasis on accurate operational modeling.

With GPK's marginal-based approach, internal service and saleable product/service costs should only reflect the direct and indirect costs that can be linked to individual outputs (whether final product or support service) on a causal basis (referred to as the principle of causality). Proportional costs in GPK consists of direct and indirect costs that will vary with the particular output. Proportional costs provide the first contribution margin level that supports short-term decisions and once proportional costs are subtracted from revenue, it reveals whether the product or service is profitable or not. GPK adopters' marginal practices have varied, for example, not all adopters adhere to strict marginal practices such as the pre-allocation of fixed costs based on planned product/service volumes.

Fixed costs, innately do not vary with outputs and usually are not associated with individual outputs' costs. However, in practice, GPK adopters often calculate a standard per-unit-rate for fixed product/service costs and a separate per-unit-rate for proportional product/service costs. The balance of costs not causally assignable to the lowest level product or service can be assigned at yet higher levels within the marginal costing system's multi-level Profit & Loss (P&L) statement. For example, with GPK, fixed costs that relate to a product group or a product line (e.g., R&D, advertising costs) are assigned to the product group or product line reporting/management dimension in the P&L. This marginal costing approach offers managers greater flexibility to view, analyze and monitor costs (e.g., all product and cost-to-serve costs) for their area of responsibility. Thus GPK assigns all costs to the P&L but it does not fully absorb to the lowest level product or service. GPK's multi-dimensional marginal view of the organization supports operational managers with the most relevant information for strategic decision-making purposes about "what products or services to offer" and at "what price to sell them".

Core elements of GPK
According to German Professors Dr.'s Friedl, Kuepper and Pedell, the fundamental structure of GPK consists of four important elements:
Cost-type accounting,
Cost center accounting,
Product[service] cost accounting, and
Contribution margin accounting for profitability analysis.

 Cost-type accounting separates costs like labor, materials, and depreciation, followed by each cost account then being broken down into fixed and proportional costs along with the assignment of these cost accounts to cost centers.
 Cost center accounting is the most important element in GPK. A cost center can be defined as an area of responsibility that is assigned to a manager who is held accountable for its performance. It is common to have from 200 to over 2,000 cost centers in a typical GPK adopter organization.

GPK distinguishes two types of cost centers:
Primary Cost Centers - are cost centers that provide output directly consumed by a saleable product or service is considered to be a primary cost center. related to the service or manufacturing process.
Secondary Cost Centers - are cost centers that incur costs but exist to support the functions of the primary cost centers. Typical secondary cost centers include: information technology (IT) services and; human resources (HR) areas that offer hiring and training functions.
With the GPK marginal costing approach, primary cost centers outputs consumed by products/services reflect direct causal relationships, as well as causally-linked costs originating from supporting secondary cost centers that primary cost centers need to function. As such, both of these causally-linked outputs—if proportional in nature—will vary with product/service output volume (albeit the secondaries only indirectly) and are reflected in the appropriate product/service contribution margin in the P&L.
 Product/Service cost accounting also referred to as Product Costing, is where all of the assigned costs that are product related will be collected in the GPK costing model. In GPK's purest marginal form only proportional costs are assigned to products or services, but as indicated above a compromise is often struck by also assigning product-related fixed costs.
 Profitability management is the final component that completes the marginal costing system by adding in the revenues, cost-to-serve and common fixed costs along with the product/service cost accounting information discussed above. (Refer to the Exhibit below for a graphic depiction of cost flows in GPK.) The GPK structure allows for a more detailed analysis because of the multi-dimensional contribution margin view. This type of multi-level profitability management not only supports short-term decision making such as pricing decisions or internal pricing transfers, but it also provides relevant costing information for long-term decisions.

GPK marginal costing diagram

References

Footnotes

Sources

External links

Management accounting


Raymond Lamont Hoffman (June 14, 1917 – May 30, 2008) was a third baseman who played briefly for the Washington Senators during the  season. Listed at , 175 lb., Hoffman batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

In his one-season career, Hoffman was a .053 hitter (1–for–19) with two runs and two RBI in seven games. He did not have any extra base hits.

Hoffman died in Milton, Georgia, at the age of 90.

See also
1942 Washington Senators season

External links
Baseball Almanac
Baseball Reference

Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from Michigan
1917 births
2008 deaths


Canal+ Caraïbes is a direct broadcasting satellite service serving the French Overseas Departments of the Caribbean, as well as French Guiana. The service was launched on 1 August 1998, under the name CanalSatellite Caraibes.  It is wholly owned by the Groupe Canal+, and is broadcast on Intelsat 903 at 34.5° West.

Channels
CanalSat Caraïbes had to change satellites to permit the launch of the New High Definition channels.

On 11 October 2008, CanalSat Caraïbes offered a "Freesat" Service, which only requires a viewing card and no subscription; it is very similar to the TNTSAT Service offered in France.

CanalSat Caraïbes launched a High Definition Service, 'l'option HD'. It was originally composed of Disney Cinemagic HD, Canal+ HD and National Geographic HD. On 7 June additional Channels were launched, they were M6 HD and TF1 HD.  CanalSat Caraïbes hoped to launch more channels by the end of 2008.

Canal+ Haïti
Canalsat Haïti was launched in 2011. A local division was created in October 2015.

Canal+ Haïti have different packages. Many channels (like Canal+ and Ciné+ bouquets) and services (Disney+) are unavailable in the territory. Exclusive channels were launched for Haiti like Haïti Sport 1, Haïti Sport 2 and Trace Ayiti.

See also
 Groupe Canal+
 Canal+ (French TV provider)
 Canal+ Afrique
 Canal+ Calédonie

References

External links
Official Site

Direct broadcast satellite services
Television in France
Canal+


The following highways are numbered 432:

Canada
 Manitoba Provincial Road 432
 Newfoundland and Labrador Route 432

Japan
 Japan National Route 432

United States
  Montana Secondary Highway 432
  New York State Route 432 (former)
 New York State Route 432 (former)
  Puerto Rico Highway 432
 Texas:
  Texas State Highway Loop 432 (former)
  Farm to Market Road 432
 Virginia State Route 432 (former)
  Washington State Route 432
  Wyoming Highway 432


The Young Film Academy (YFA), based in London, is an English educational institution and the educational sister company to Magma Pictures. The academy is the UK's leading provider of practical filmmaking programs to young people aged 8–18. YFA works with over 80 of the UK's leading independent and state schools with their flagship programs, the "One Day Film School". YFA is also the workshop provider for UK arts festivals, including the Guardian Hay Festival and The Edinburgh International Film Festival, The Minghella Film Festival, The High Tide Festival, and the Barbican's London Children's Film Festival.

History
Directors James Walker (writer/filmmaker) and Ed Boase co-founded Young Film Academy in 2004. Today, Young Film Academy (YFA) provides to young people aged 6–19 filmmaking courses, school filmmaking programs, community filmmaking projects, filmmaking outreach events, and kids' film parties.

Based in London, YFA also works internationally to help over 7,500 young people each year complete their first digital films, including West End-premiered movies and curriculum-linked film projects in schools.

Young Film Academy is a hub partner in the British Film Institute (BFI) Film Academy Network helping to find top UK emerging talent. YFA designs and delivers educational film projects for the UKʼs largest arts institutions but also helps small groups of kids who just want to make movies as a hobby or host filmmaking parties at home.

Programs of study
Young Film Academy provides several types of filmmaking and screen acting courses, workshops and products including:

Residential summer camps
Project Paradiso, a prestige project offering a select group of YFA’s most promising students the chance to create a stunning short film in Sicily, Italy
Day courses
Extended courses
Weekend courses and clubs
Online and remote courses
Single-day film programs for schools
Advanced workshops for schools
Prospectus films for schools
Rough-cut workshop
Filmmaking parties for youth
Star-in music videos or film parties

Media coverage
Young Film Academy has been featured positively in several publications. Website IOM Today wrote, "The academy is seen as an investment in the future of British film,"<ref>[http://www.iomtoday.co.im/schools-news/Young-Film-Academy-workshop-at.4500498.jp Young Film Academy workshop at King William's College IOM Today] 17 Sept. 2008]</ref> and TimeOut London'' wrote, "Ed Boase and James Walker have come up with an exciting party concept: kids shoot, edit and screen a film in a single day. Its success boils down to a combination of talent and teamwork."  .

References

External links
 Young Film Academy
 Magma Pictures
 One Day Film School
 MovieParties
 Genie Film
 Short Film Horsepower
 Monkey Movies

Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in England


Antanas Purėnas (16 February 1881 – 5 November 1962) was a famous Lithuanian organic chemist and politician.

Biography

Antanas was born in Tatkonys, Kupiškis, Lithuania (then Empire of Russia). After completing Liepaja gymnasium, he was studying in Tartu in 1902–1904 and in Saint Petersburg from which he graduated in 1912.

Scientific career
Since 1951 he had been the professor of Kaunas Polytechnic Institute.

Politician career
Purėnas participated in revolution held in 1905–1907, therefore he was prosecuted by the police.  In 1918 he joined LSDP, Lithuanian teachers union and teachers association "Naujoji mokykla". In 1920 he was a delegate of LSDP in Constituent Assembly of Lithuania, Chairman of educational committee.

Lithuanian chemists
Lithuanian politicians
1881 births
1962 deaths
Organic chemists
Academic staff of the Kaunas University of Technology
Soviet chemists


The following highways are numbered 433:

Canada
Manitoba Provincial Road 433
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 433

Japan
 Japan National Route 433

United States
  Louisiana Highway 433
  New York State Route 433
 New York State Route 433 (former)
 New York State Route 433 (former)
  Pennsylvania Route 433
  Puerto Rico Highway 433
  Washington State Route 433
  Wyoming Highway 433


Stanisław Osiecki (20 May 1875 in Ciechanów - 12 May 1967 in Warsaw) was a Polish politician. Activist of the peasant movements, member of the Polish People's Party, he was a deputy to Polish Sejm both before and after World War II, and a minister in several cabinets of the Second Polish Republic (minister of agriculture in 1923; minister of trade and industry in 1925-1926).

References

1875 births
1967 deaths
People from Ciechanów
People from Płock Governorate
Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" politicians
Polish People's Party "Piast" politicians
People's Party (Poland) politicians
Polish People's Party (1945–1949) politicians
Government ministers of Poland
Deputy Marshals of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic
Members of the Legislative Sejm of the Second Polish Republic
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1922–1927)
Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935)
Members of the State National Council
Members of the Polish Sejm 1947–1952
People of the Polish May Coup (pro-government side)
Burials at Powązki Cemetery
Polish political prisoners in the Russian partition


The following highways are numbered 434:

Canada
Manitoba Provincial Road 434
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 434

Japan
 Japan National Route 434

United States
  Florida State Road 434
  Montana Secondary Highway 434
  New York State Route 434
 New York State Route 434 (former)
  Pennsylvania Route 434
  Puerto Rico Highway 434
 Texas:
  Texas State Highway Loop 434
  Farm to Market Road 434
  Wyoming Highway 434


The following highways are numbered 436:

Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 436

Japan
 Japan National Route 436

United States
  Florida State Road 436
  Louisiana Highway 436
  Louisiana Highway 436-1
  Maryland Route 436
  New York State Route 436
 New York State Route 436 (former)
  Pennsylvania Route 436
  Puerto Rico Highway 436
  Wyoming Highway 436


Born in 68 (original title: Nés en 68) is a 2008 French drama film directed by Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau. The film has the sub-title 'Nous nous aimerons jusqu'à la mort' ('We will love each other until death').

Plot summary
In 1968 Catherine, Yves and Hervé are 20, all students in Paris; the May revolt up-ends their lives. They attempt to form their own community with friends on an abandoned farm in the Lot. Their need for freedom and individual fulfilment leads them to make choices which separates them in the end with Catherine alone remaining at the farm. In 1989 the children of Catherine and Yves become adults in a world that has profoundly changed: with the end of communism and the AIDS epidemic, they revisit the militant legacy of the previous generation. Much like their parents before them, they begin to question the generation that preceded them, while fighting for a better world than the one into which they were born.

Cast
Laetitia Casta as Catherine
Yannick Renier as Yves
Yann Trégouët as Hervé
Christine Citti as Maryse
Marc Citti as Serge
Édouard Collin as Christophe
Fejria Deliba as Dalila
Gaëtan Gallier as Michel
Sabrina Seyvecou as Ludmilla, the daughter of Catherine and Yves
Théo Frilet as Boris, the son of Catherine and Yves
Osman Elkharraz as Joseph, the son of Dalila and Michel
Slimane Yefsah as Farivar, Ludmilla's husband
Matthias Van Khache as Jean-Paul
Thibault Vinçon as Vincent, friend of Boris
Marilyne Canto as Dominique, Yves's partner
Alain Fromager as Antoine, Catherine's friend
Sophie Barjac as Catherine's mother
Pierre-Loup Rajot as Catherine's father

Awards and nominations
Cabourg Film Festival
Golden Swann - Best Actress (Laetitia Casta) and Best Male Newcomer (Yannick Renier).

Release
Originally finished as two 100-minute episodes which were scheduled on Arte, and France 2 during 2009, a 170-minute shorter version was offered to the Cannes Film Festival organizers, in relation to the 40th anniversary of the 1968 events.
A DVD of this cinema version was released in 2010.

References

External links

2008 films
Films directed by Olivier Ducastel
Films directed by Jacques Martineau
Films set in France
Films set in 1968
Films set in 1989
May 1968 events in France
2008 LGBT-related films
French LGBT-related films
HIV/AIDS in French films
2000s French-language films
2000s French films


Val-des-Bois is a town and municipality in the Papineau Regional County Municipality in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. The town is located on the eastern shores of the Du Lièvre River,  north of Buckingham.

The main local economic activity depends on cottage tourism. The eastern half of the municipality is part of the Papineau-Labelle Wildlife Reserve.

Geography
As part of the Laurentian Highlands, its territory is dotted with lakes such Écho, de l'Argile, de l'Aqueduc, Vert, and Delphis. Echo Lake lies at an altitude of , while the surrounding relief rises to  above sea level.

History
In 1873, the Township of Villeneuve was formed and named after Léonard-Vincent-Léon Villeneuve (1808–1873), member of Society of Saint-Sulpice, professor at the Petit Séminaire de Montréal (1838–1846), and pastor of Oka from 1871 to 1873.

In 1878, the local post office was named "Val-des-Bois". In 1883, the parish of Notre-Dame-de-la-Garde was formed, and two years later, the United Township Municipality of Bowman-et-Villeneuve was established. In 1913, the townships separated, forming the Township Municipality of Bowman and the Township Municipality of Villeneuve. In 1929, James Maclaren began construction on a dam at the High Falls of the Lièvre River, displacing 156 families because of the rising waters. The majority of them where German settlers, the average amount the families received from the MacLaren Co. were, depending on the acreage, between $1000 and $2000 each.

In 1958, Villeneuve was renamed to Val-des-Bois (French for "Valley of the Woods"), in reference to the beautiful forest which decorated the banks of the Lièvre River.

On 23 June 2010 a 5.0 earthquake struck the region, with its epicentre 8 km from Val-des-Bois, which was the closest settlement.

Demographics

Mother tongue:
 English as first language: 5.8%
 French as first language: 91.9%
 English and French as first language: 1.2%
 Other as first language: 0.6%

Local government
List of former mayors:

 Marcel Proulx (2001–2013)
 Daniel Rochon (2013–2015)
 Roland Montpetit (2015–present)

References

External links

Incorporated places in Outaouais
Municipalities in Quebec


John P. Gaty (died 1963) was an American Mechanical Engineer, General Manager of the Beech Aviation Company in Wichita Kansas, and alumnus of Cornell University, graduating in 1923 who was best known for his will, which gave 1,300,000 dollars to various conservative causes. I request that in making such distribution my Trustees give special consideration to the purposes which will promote individual liberty and incentive as opposed to socialism and communism.  Under the terms of the will, his trustees were required to meet yearly in Wichita, and were each given 10,000 dollars to contribute from 1967 until 1977.

List of Trustees
Barry Goldwater
John Tower
Strom Thurmond
Clarence Manion
Frank Lausche
George Benson
Edgar Eisenhower
Louis Nichols
William F. Buckley

References

Year of birth missing
1963 deaths
American military personnel of World War I
American philanthropists
American aerospace engineers
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni


Shamalangi or Shyamalangi (pronounced ) is a ragam in Carnatic music (classical music of southern India). It is the 55th in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music, and is called  in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of that genre.

Structure and Lakshana

Shamalang is the 1st rāgam in the 10th chakra Disi. Its mnemonic name is Disi-Pa; the mnemonic phrase associated with it is sa ri gi mi pa dha na. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on notation and terms):
:
:

Shamalangi's swaras are chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, prati madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and shuddha nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (containing all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Jhankaradhwani, which is the 19th melakarta scale.

Janya rāgams
Shamalangi has a couple of minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it (see List of janya rāgams).

Compositions
A few compositions set to Shamalangi rāgam are:

Veera raghava by Koteeswara Iyer
Shyamalangi by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Namo namaste geervani by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Shyamalangi Matangi by Muthuswami Dikshitar

Related rāgams

When shifted using Graha Bhedam, Shamalangi's notes yield two minor melakarta rāgams: Ganamoorti and Vishwambari. Graha Bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies the same while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and an example, see Graha Bhedam on Ganamoorti.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Andautonia was a Roman settlement located on the southern bank of the river Sava, located in the modern-day village of Šćitarjevo, southeast of the city of Zagreb, Croatia.

Andautonia was located in the Roman province of Pannonia, on the Roman road connecting Poetovia and Siscia (modern-day towns of Ptuj and Sisak).

According to the 19th-century Croatian archaeologist Šime Ljubić, the toponym Andautonia () was mentioned by the ancient geographer Ptolemy in his 2nd-century work Geography, who placed it, perhaps inaccurately, between the settlements of Bononia and Novidunum (present-day Banoštor in northern Serbia and Krško in Slovenia). The only other mention of the same settlement was found in the Antonine Itinerary, believed to date from the early 3rd century, which refers to the place as Dautonia.

The road connected Andautonia with Poetovium via Pyrri and Aquaviva to the north, and Siscia to the south. The settlement is believed to have existed between the 1st and the 4th century AD, after which it is believed to have been destroyed during the Great Migration in Europe.

In the modern age, its name was first discovered written on a stone tablet recovered in Stenjevec (today the western part of Zagreb) in 1758 and then another one in the village of Šćitarjevo itself in 1768.

During the 19th century, Roman stone and brick material that could still be found in these areas was by and large removed and reused in the construction of new buildings, thereby removing the surface traces of Andautonia's location. The settlement's location was disputed at the time, with various claims made by cartographers and historians including Latius, Lapie, Reichard, d'Anville, Krčelić, Blašković, Katančić and Kukuljević.

It was finally properly deduced by German scholar Theodor Mommsen and published in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum in 1873. Not long after Mommsen's placement, the Zagreb Archaeological Museum started its first excavations in Šćitarjevo and found numerous Roman artifacts at the depth of about , confirming the location.

Almost a century later, a series of excavations were done on the site between 1969 and 1980, and since 1981 archaeologists also looked into the backyard of the local parish building in the modern-day village centre. They found remains of streets, the sewer system, various buildings, city walls, and a necropolis. In 1994, an archeological park open to visitors was built in the village.

The town is believed to have been a municipium, a second-tier type of settlement reserved for important tribal centres that came under Roman control. Its residents had local authority to govern their affairs but did not have full Roman citizenship. For approximately 300 years the town is believed to have been the main administrative, political, and cultural centre in the area. Among the artefacts excavated is a relief of the goddess Nemesis, commonly associated with gladiator events, indicating that the town may have had an amphitheatre.

Pottery, tools, coins and other assorted artefacts found range in date from the reign of Emperor Titus (79–81) to Emperor Valens (364–378) and the inscription found in 1768 contains a dedication to Herennia Etruscilla, wife of Emperor Decius who ruled from 249 to 251, referring to her as mater castrorum ("mother of the (army) camps").

According to linguist Petar Šimunović (2013), the toponym Andautonia likely dates from pre-Roman times, and is derived from the Proto-Indo-European prefix an- ("near") and *dheu̯- ("to flow"), meaning "a place by the river", as the settlement was on the banks of the Sava River.

References

Sources

Roman sites in Croatia
Pannonia Superior
History of Zagreb


The Botticellis were an American surf pop band founded in 2003 in Santa Cruz by Alexi Glickman, Zack Ehrlich, Burton Li, and Dave Tranchina.  Their 2008 debut record was released by Antenna Farm Records in 2008 to critical acclaim. NPR, Dusted Magazine, Allmusic, Pitchfork Media Daytrotter Crawdaddy!.

"Botticelli" is Italian for "little barrel." The Botticellis' sound has been described as "chamber pop" and likened to the California surf music of the 1960s  as well as post-Beatles pop groups like Big Star, Chris Bell,  Raspberries, ELO, George Harrison, Belle & Sebastian, Paul Simon and similar artists who are known to bring sophistication to pop composition.

The band dissolved in 2010, with its members pursuing separate musical projects.

Band members
Alexi Glickman
Burton Li
Jeremy Black
Steve Taylor

Past members
Zack Ehrlich
Dave Tranchina
Blythe Foster
Ian Nansen
Ryan Browne

Related projects
Apollo Sunshine
Burgers
Judgement Day
Little Wings
Lucky Cloud
Papercuts
Slumgum
Sonny & the Sunsets

Discography
"The Botticellis," 2004 Self-Released (CD)
"EP," 2006, Self-Released (CD)
Old Home Movies, 2008 Antenna Farm Records (CD/Digital), Rocinante Records (LP)
''Awaiting On You All/ Table by the Window," 2008 Bellevue Records (Single)

References

External links
official website
[ Allmusic profile of the Botticellis]
Dusted Magazine review of Old Home Movies
My Old Kentucky Blog interviews the Botticellis
NPR reviews Old Home Movies.
 Daytrotter live session No. 1
Slant Magazine review of OHM
Other Antenna Farm Records Artists

Living people
Indie rock musical groups from California
Indie pop groups from San Francisco
Musicians from Santa Cruz, California
Year of birth missing (living people)


Canal+ Calédonie, originally called Canal Satellite Nouvelle-Calédonie and CanalSat Calédonie, is a satellite provider based in the Overseas French Department of New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna, and with reduced offers in Vanuatu. It was launched in 1999 to distribute satellite television to the region. It offered 48 C=channels, four radio stations and eight international channels. It broadcasts using the Intelsat 701 Satellite at 180 degrees east.

Channels

Canal+
 Canal+ Calédonie
 Canal+ Cinéma
 Canal+ Sport
 Canal+ Family

France Télévisions
 Nouvelle-Calédonie 1ère
 Wallis et Futuna 1ère
 France 2
 France 3
 France 4
 France 5

General entertainment
 TF1
 M6
 TV5 Monde
Arte
TMC
TFX
TF1 Séries Films

Cinéma
 Canal+ Cinéma
 Ciné + Premier
 Ciné + Star
 Action
 Ciné + Frisson
 Ciné + Émotion
 Canal+ Family
 Ciné + Famiz
 Ciné + Club
 Ciné + Classic
 Canal Hollywood
TCM Cinéma
Disney Cinema

Adult
 XXL

Sport
 Canal+ Sport
 Eurosport 1
 Eurosport 2
 L'Équipe TV
 Motorsport.tv
 Infosport+

Children
Disney Junior
 TiJi
 Gulli
Canal J
Télétoon+
Télétoon+1
Piwi+
Nickelodeon

Entertainment
 RTL9
 TF6
 Téva
 Planète Adventure & Experience
 Sci Fi
Comédie+
W9
C8
6ter
RMC Story
Chérie 25

Music
 MCM Top
 MCM Pop
 Mezzo TV
 Trace Urban
RFM TV
MTV Hits
MTV Hits (HD)
M6 Music
NRJ Hits
CStar
CStar Hits France

Documentaries
 Planète
 Planète Thalassa
 National Geographic
 Voyage
Seasons
Histoire

News
 LCI
 EuroNews

International
Canal+ Premium
MiniMini+
TeleToon+
Canal+ Sport
Canal+ Family
Novelas+
Planete+
Ale Kino+

Radio stations
 Europe 1
 France Info
 Fréquence Jazz
 RFM

See also
 Canal+ Group
 Canal+ (French TV provider)
 Canal+ Afrique
 Canal+ Caraïbes

References

External links
Official Site

Canal+
Direct broadcast satellite services
Television in France
Mass media in New Caledonia