Florent Ntsiba (born 17 August 1949) is a Congolese politician. A high-ranking and long-time figure under President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Ntsiba initially rose to prominence through the military in the single-party regime of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT) in the 1970s. He was Minister of Information from 1979 to 1983; although he fell out of favor with the party leadership in 1983, he returned to the government as Minister of Equipment from 1989 to 1991.

After Sassou Nguesso regained power in the 1997 civil war, Ntsiba again returned to the government as Minister of Equipment and Public Works from 1997 to 2009. He was Minister of State for Labour and Social Security from 2009 to 2016, and he has been Director of the Cabinet of the President since 2017. Ntsiba holds the military rank of Général de division.

Military–political career under single-party rule
Ntsiba, a member of the Téke ethnic group, was born in Lekana, located in the Plateaux Region of Congo-Brazzaville. He became an officer in the armed forces and was Director of the Cabinet of the Minister of Defense from 1975 to 1977. He was included in the ruling PCT's Military Committee of the Party (CMP) in 1977, at which time he held the rank of captain; also in 1977, he was appointed as Secretary-General of the First Vice-Presidency for Coordination of the Activities of the Party, as well as Spokesman of the CMP. Ntsiba remained Spokesman of the CMP until 1979. He played a role in the ouster of Joachim Yhombi-Opango by the PCT leadership in early 1979, and under Yhombi-Opango's successor, President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Ntsiba was elected to the Political Bureau of the PCT in 1979 and was assigned responsibility for press and propaganda. He was also included in the government as Minister of Information, Posts and Telecommunications in 1979.

At a session of the PCT Central Committee in April 1983, Ntsiba was removed from the Political Bureau and suspended from the Central Committee for ideological weakness; as a result, he resigned from his position as Minister of Information, Posts and Telecommunications in May 1983. He was not included in the Central Committee elected at the PCT's July 1984 congress, but he was politically rehabilitated in later in the 1980s and appointed to head SIACIC, the national cement company.

At the PCT's Fourth Ordinary Congress on 26–31 July 1989, Ntsiba regained a seat on the Central Committee, and after the congress he was appointed to the government as Minister of Equipment, in charge of the Environment, on 13 August 1989. Civil servants at his ministry went on strike to protest his alleged favoritism towards ethnic Téke when making appointments. When the PCT lost power in 1991, Ntsiba lost his post in the government.

Political career since 1997
After Sassou Nguesso returned to power in the June–October 1997 civil war, he appointed Ntsiba to the government again as Minister of Equipment and Public Works on 2 November 1997. Following the resignation from the government of Martin Mbéri in 2001, Ntsiba additionally assumed responsibility for the Ministry of Construction.

Ntsiba was an unsuccessful candidate in Lekana constituency in the May–June 2002 parliamentary election; he was defeated in the second round of voting by fellow minister André Okombi Salissa. He was nevertheless retained as Minister of Equipment and Public Works in the government appointed on 18 August 2002, but his additional responsibility for the Ministry of Construction was transferred to Claude-Alphonse Nsilou on 23 August 2002.

Sassou Nguesso was re-elected in the July 2009 presidential election. In the post-election government appointed on 15 September 2009, Ntsiba was moved to the post of Minister of State for Labour and Social Security. The government was also reorganized into four broad sectors, with one minister assigned responsibility for coordinating each of the four sectors; Ntsiba was one of the ministers chosen as a coordinator and was assigned the socio-cultural sector. Ntsiba succeeded Gilbert Ondongo at the Ministry of Labour on 22 September 2009, and he in turn handed over the Ministry of Equipment to Émile Ouosso later on the same day. On 28 September, Ntsiba chaired the first meeting of the ministers included in the socio-cultural sector.

Ntsiba was a member of the New Democratic Forces (FDN), a political party that supported Sassou Nguesso. At the FDN's May 2010 congress, it established the High Council of Dignitaries, a consultative body intended to advise the FDN Executive Bureau; Ntsiba was included as one of its seven members, and it was installed on 1 June 2010.

Following the July–August 2012 parliamentary election, Ntsiba remained in his post in the government named on 25 September 2012, but the system of sector coordinators was eliminated.

Speaking in the Senate on 29 November 2013, Ntsiba condemned arrogance and cited the example of his own past: "Every morning, I read, with arrogance, the communiques of the CMP", referring to his role as CMP Spokesman in the late 1970s. He said that he had changed in the years since, going "from Lenin to Cicero".

Ntsiba opened the Departmental Directorate of the National Social Security Fund (CNSS) for the Pool Department, located at Kinkala, on 14 July 2014, in order to facilitate access to CNSS services for people in the department.

After Sassou Nguesso's victory in the March 2016 presidential election, Ntsiba was dismissed from the government on 30 April 2016. He was appointed as Director of the Cabinet of President Sassou Nguesso, with the rank of Minister of State, on 22 August 2017.

References

1949 births
Living people
Government ministers of the Republic of the Congo
Congolese Party of Labour politicians


Yngvar Løchen (31 May 1931 – 28 July 1998) was a Norwegian sociologist.

He took his dr.philos. in 1965 and was hired as associate professor of community medicine at the University of Oslo the same year. In 1971 he was appointed professor in the sociology of medicine at the University of Tromsø. He served as chancellor from 1977 to 1981.

He was also chairman of the  from 1974 to 1977, and of the  from 1985 to 1989.

Løchen's 1965 work  (Ideals and Realities in a Psychiatric Hospital) was selected for the Norwegian Sociology Canon in 2009–2011.

Selected bibliography
This is a list of his most notable works:

 (1965)
 (1970)
 (1971)
 (1977)
 (1985)
 (1993)
 (1998)

References

1931 births
1998 deaths
Norwegian sociologists
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Academic staff of the University of Tromsø
Rectors of the University of Tromsø
20th-century Norwegian writers
Medical sociologists


The Coomera Falls is a segmented waterfall on the upper Coomera River in the South East region of Queensland, Australia.

Location and features
The Coomera Falls are situated within Lamington National Park, approximately  north of the Queensland/New South Wales border. Located to the west of the Border Track, the falls descend  into Coomera Gorge. Access is via graded walking tracks in Lamington National Park that commence from Binna Burra. Also located in close proximity to the falls are the Bahnamboola Falls and the Neerigomindalala Falls.

The Coomera Circuit, a  walking track within the national park that provides ideal viewing of the falls, was rated in 2010 by the Australian Geographic Outdoor magazine as the second best day walk in Australia.

See also

 List of waterfalls of Queensland

References

External links

Waterfalls of Queensland
South East Queensland
Segmented waterfalls


The Morans Falls, a plunge waterfall on Morans Creek, is located in the UNESCO World Heritagelisted Gondwana Rainforests in the South East region of Queensland, Australia.

Location and features
The waterfall is situated within Lamington National Park in the Green Mountains, part of the Shield Volcano Group in the Scenic Rim of the Gondwana Rainforests and can be accessed via the Morans Falls Track, a  return walking track.

See also

 List of waterfalls of Queensland

References

External links

Waterfalls of Queensland
Geography of South East Queensland
Gondwana Rainforests of Australia
Great Dividing Range


Jalan Ulu Jempol, Federal Route 1531 is the main federal roads in Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.

At most sections, the Federal Route 1531 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

List of junctions and towns

Malaysian Federal Roads


Helge Stalsberg (born 7 October 1932) was a Norwegian physician.

He was born in Oslo. He was chief physician of the University Hospital of North Norway, and professor of morphology at the University of Tromsø from 1972. He served as rector from 1981 to 1985. He has also been a consultant for the World Health Organization.

References

1932 births
Living people
20th-century Norwegian physicians
Academic staff of the University of Tromsø
Rectors of the University of Tromsø


The Tully Falls, a horsetail chute waterfall on the Tully River, is located in the UNESCO World Heritagelisted Wet Tropics in the Far North region of Queensland, Australia. It formed the eastern boundary of the Dyirbal.

Location and features
From the Atherton Tableland at an approximate elevation of  above sea level, the falls descend in the range of  into the Tully Gorge National Park, near the town of Ravenshoe. Access to the falls is via a  graded track.

Most of the water that would have otherwise flowed over the falls has been diverted to the Kareeya Hydro Power Station and dammed by Koombooloomba Dam. As a result, the falls flow only during a big wet season.

See also

 List of waterfalls of Queensland

References

Waterfalls of Far North Queensland


Aamra (; ) is a 2006 Indian Bengali-language film directed by Mainak Bhaumik and starring Jisshu Sengupta, Parambrata Chatterjee, and Nilanjana Sharma.

Plot
A movie for the youth, about the youth and by the youth. That's precisely what the makers of Aamra proclaims it to be. It is about six characters from diverse backgrounds and their take on love and sex. In fact it is also officially the first sex comedy in Bengali. As the story begins we find Amit Roy, Bhasha Chatterjee, Raj Mukherjee, Shreya Ghosal, Tapash Chatterjee and Sunaina Bannerjee talking about love. Everyone is talking about their first love, lover affairs and love making. Amit is a filmmaker. His first love was Rupa who was a married woman. But they had broken up. Tapash is an academician having an affair with Sunaina. Raj was Shreya's boyfriend but they broke up six months ago. Bhasha is a homemaker. Raj calls himself a future rockstar. They have a rock band. Shreya is a school teacher. Sunaina is a student. Amit and Shreya a suddenly meet in an internet chatroom. They go on a date. Raj also gets attracted to Sunaina. Amit feels an infatuation for Bhasha when she comes for an audition to him. Sunaina does not feel comfortable with Tapash anymore. Bhasha doubts Tapash and says that she wants a divorce. They get divorced. Everybody tries to understand their own actual feelings. They try to get perfect partners for themselves. Sunaina breaks up with Tapash and proposes to Raj. Shreya decides to go for an arranged marriage. Bhasha and Amit get close. Everybody finds the right partner. Amit is a telefilm director who has just had her girlfriend, older than he is and a wife and mother, walking out of their relationship. On a chat site he meets Shreya. Shreya, young, pretty and sexy, is a teacher in a junior high school. She has just dumped Raj who is a wannabe rockstar struggling to make it big. Raj hooks up Sunny, an undergraduate student in the same college/university, who has a secret relationship with Tapas, her English professor. Bhasha is the professor's wife with an aspiration for acting. She meets Amit for a drama audition and starts liking him in subsequent meets. Except Tapas who is 39, all others are in their early to late twenties.

Cast
 Jisshu Sengupta
 Parambrata Chatterjee
 Rudranil Ghosh
 Amarnath Mukherjee
 Ashok Biswanathan
 Pallavi Chatterjee
 Ananya Chatterjee
 Mithu Chakraborty
 Nilanjana Sharma (Sengupta)
 Priyam Dasgupta (Momo)

References

External links

2006 films
Bengali-language Indian films
2000s Bengali-language films
Films directed by Mainak Bhaumik


Tove Bull (born 31 October 1945) is a Norwegian linguist.

Born in Alta, Bull was appointed associate professor at the University of Tromsø in 1984, and was promoted to professor in 1990. Bull served as pro rector from 1990 to 1995, and then became the first female rector of the University of Tromsø, holding this position from 1996 to 2001.

Bull was member of the Norwegian Language Council from 1980 to 1995, member of the board of Finnmark University College from 2003 to 2007, and member of the board of the Sámi University College from 2007. In November 2006, Bull was awarded the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav with the rank of Commander. Bull is member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

References

1945 births
Living people
Linguists from Norway
Academic staff of the University of Tromsø
Rectors of the University of Tromsø
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
People from Alta, Norway
Norwegian women academics
Women heads of universities and colleges


The Rosh HaAyin North railway station is a suburban passenger railway station in Israel, operated by Israel Railways. It is situated in north Rosh HaAyin near the Kesem Interchange which is located at the intersection of Highway 5 and the Cross-Israel Highway.

The station has one side platform and one island platform serving a total of 3 tracks. As part of the Eastern Railway rebuilding project an additional side platform will be built at the station, allowing it to serve a total of four tracks.

Facilities at the station:
 Wheelchair Accessibility
 Ticket Machine
 Parking adjacent to the station
 Food and Drinks shop
 Bicycle parking
 Wi-Fi

Train service

Ridership

References

Railway stations in Central District (Israel)
Railway stations opened in 2003
2003 establishments in Israel


Te Karaka is a small settlement inland from Gisborne, in the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. It is located in the valley of the Waipaoa River close to its junction with its tributary, the Waihora River. Te Karaka is located on State Highway 2, and is the largest settlement between Gisborne and Opotiki in the Bay of Plenty.

Te Karaka holds the current North Island weather high record, set on the 3rd of February, 2020, at 40 degrees Celsius recorded at 4pm that day.

Demographics
Statistics New Zealand describes Te Karaka as a rural settlement, which covers  and had an estimated population of  as of  with a population density of  people per km2. It is part of the larger Waipaoa statistical area.

Te Karaka had a population of 525 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 42 people (8.7%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 21 people (−3.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 162 households, comprising 258 males and 264 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female, with 132 people (25.1%) aged under 15 years, 93 (17.7%) aged 15 to 29, 219 (41.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 69 (13.1%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 33.7% European/Pākehā, 76.0% Māori, 3.4% Pasifika, 1.1% Asian, and 1.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 42.3% had no religion, 27.4% were Christian, 21.7% had Māori religious beliefs and 1.7% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 33 (8.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 117 (29.8%) people had no formal qualifications. 15 people (3.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 186 (47.3%) people were employed full-time, 48 (12.2%) were part-time, and 30 (7.6%) were unemployed.

Waipaoa statistical area
Waipaoa statistical area, which also includes Otoko, covers  and had an estimated population of  as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Waipaoa had a population of 1,953 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 18 people (0.9%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 174 people (−8.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 675 households, comprising 1,005 males and 945 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.06 males per female. The median age was 37.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 468 people (24.0%) aged under 15 years, 354 (18.1%) aged 15 to 29, 885 (45.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 246 (12.6%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 61.1% European/Pākehā, 51.9% Māori, 1.4% Pasifika, 1.1% Asian, and 1.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 4.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 46.5% had no religion, 30.7% were Christian, 14.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.2% were Buddhist and 0.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 180 (12.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 363 (24.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 141 people (9.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 753 (50.7%) people were employed full-time, 252 (17.0%) were part-time, and 63 (4.2%) were unemployed.

Parks

The settlement has a sports ground and local park, Te Karaka Recreation Ground.

Marae

Te Karaka has three marae belonging to the hapū of Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki.

Rangatira Marae and Whakahau meeting house is a meeting place of Ngāti Wahia.

Takipu Marae and Te Poho o Pikihoro meeting house is a meeting place of Te Whānau a Taupara.

Tapuihikitia and Te Aroha meeting house is a meeting place of Ngā Pōtiki and Te Whānau a Taupara. In October 2020, the Government committed $327,200 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae, creating an estimated 6 jobs.

Education

Te Karaka Area School is a Year 1-13 co-educational state area school with a roll of  students as of  The school opened in 2011, replacing the local primary school and Waikohu College.

References

Populated places in the Gisborne District


Annie G. Hunter (1860 – 1927) was an English professional artist and illustrator, best known for her reproduction drawings of pre-Columbian Maya monuments and inscriptions. In the late 1890s Hunter was commissioned by the early Mayanist scholar Alfred Maudslay to provide drawings and watercolored illustrations of Maya monuments. (She worked from casts, lintels and stelae in museum holdings, and photographs.)  Her illustrations appeared in Maudlay's pioneering archaeological and iconographic survey Biologia Centrali-Americana: Archaeology (London: R.H. Porter and Dulau, 1889-1902).

Hunter's work provided an important basis for the study of Maya iconography and inscriptions in the early 20th century; her careful renderings provide scholars access to texts that otherwise would be difficult to study. Hunter's work for Maudslay gained her acclaim, and after World War I she was commissioned by the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology to provide watercolour and line-drawn illustrations of Maya ceramics artefacts held in a number of collections, for publication in portfolio.

Hunter is described in Ian Graham, Alfred Maudslay and the Maya: A Biography, (University of Oklahoma press, 2002), pp. 221–223.

English illustrators
British Mesoamericanists
Women Mesoamericanists
Mayanists
Mesoamerican artists
1860 births
1927 deaths
19th-century Mesoamericanists


The Yarrbilgong Falls, a waterfall on the Coomera River, is located within Lamington National Park in the South East region of Queensland, Australia.

Access to the falls is along the main Coomera Track that links Binna Burra and O'Reilly's Guesthouse. The falls descend  into Coomera Gorge.

See also

 List of waterfalls of Queensland

References

Waterfalls of Queensland
South East Queensland


Pātūtahi is a small settlement 15 kilometres from Gisborne, in the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. It is located in the valley of the Waipaoa River. From 1915 to 1931 Pātūtahi had a railway station on the Ngātapa Branch.

The name was officially modified to include macrons in 2021.

Demographics
Statistics New Zealand describes Pātūtahi as a rural settlement, which covers  and had an estimated population of  as of  with a population density of  people per km2. It is part of the larger Te Arai statistical area.

Pātūtahi had a population of 330 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 12 people (3.8%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 9 people (−2.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 108 households, comprising 162 males and 168 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 84 people (25.5%) aged under 15 years, 66 (20.0%) aged 15 to 29, 129 (39.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 48 (14.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 50.9% European/Pākehā, 64.5% Māori, 0.9% Pacific peoples, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.4% had no religion, 30.0% were Christian, 8.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.9% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 24 (9.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 63 (25.6%) people had no formal qualifications. 21 people (8.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 120 (48.8%) people were employed full-time, 45 (18.3%) were part-time, and 18 (7.3%) were unemployed.

Parks

Patutahi Soccer Ground is a sports ground in Pātūtahi.

Marae

The area has three marae belonging to the hapū of Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki.

Pakowhai Marae and Te Poho o Hiraina meeting house, and Rongopai Marae and meeting house are a meeting place of Te Whānau a Kai.

Takitimu Marae and Te Poho o Whakarau Oratanga a Tamure meeting house are a meeting place of Ngā Pōtiki and Te Whānau a Kai.

In October 2020, the Government committed $499,625 from the Provincial Growth Fund towards a fire alarm and stormwater upgrade to Rongopai Marae, creating an estimated 7.7 jobs. It also committed $460,500 to upgrade Pakowhai Marae, Takitimu Marae and Ngātapa Marae, creating 13 jobs.

Education

Patutahi School is a Year 1–8 co-educational state primary school with a roll of  as of  The school started in 1878.

References

Populated places in the Gisborne District


Ormond is a small settlement inland from Gisborne, in the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. It is located on State Highway 2 in the valley of the Waipaoa River, halfway between Gisborne and the township of Te Karaka.

Education
Ormond School is a Year 1-6 co-educational state primary school. In 2019, it was a decile 6 school with a roll of 90.

References

Populated places in the Gisborne District


Jalan Utama Jengka Barat-Timur, Federal Route 1537, is the main federal roads in Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.

At most sections, the Federal Route 1537 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, with a speed limit of 90 km/h.

List of junctions

Malaysian Federal Roads


Milad Hospital is one of the largest specialized and subspecialized hospitals in Iran. This hospital is a complementary health service provider in Iran's Social Security organization (SSO) chain of hospitals. Milad hospital currently employs more than 5600 specialists and subspecialists of various fields.

History
The construction of hospital was started in 1977 but was suspended in 1979 due to the revolution and Iran-Iraq war. The project was later restarted in 1988 with some changes in the original design. It began serving patients in 2001. This 12 floors structure is part of the Milad complex, which also includes Milad Tower and Milad hotel.

Facilities
Milad hospital has 1000 licensed beds, 24 surgery rooms, 20 pre-surgery and 20 post-surgery care beds. Milad hospital also provides Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) units, in addition to CCU, dentistry and various labs.

The hospital also includes general service sections for patients and visitors, including 430 seat and 190 seat conference centers, two 120 seat classrooms, pharmacy, child day care and restaurant.

The building consists of three wings, and one central tower connecting these three wings. This complex is located next to Milad Tower on the junction of Hemmat and Chamran Expressways.

Gallery

References

Hospital buildings completed in 2001
Hospitals in Iran
Hospitals established in 2001
Buildings and structures in Tehran


The Rundelstone of Oz is a novel by Eloise Jarvis McGraw. It is a volume in the series of fictional works about the Land of Oz, by L. Frank Baum and his successors.

The Rundelstone of Oz was originally the opening section of McGraw's The Forbidden Fountain of Oz. Extracted from that book, the Rundelstone story remained unpublished until it was included in the sixth and final issue of Oz-story Magazine, the annual periodical issued by David Maxine and Eric Shanower from 1995 to 2000. The novel was then published in a hardback edition the next year.

The Forbidden Fountain of Oz was originally intended to be illustrated by Lauren Lynn McGraw, the author's daughter and credited co-author. In Oz-story, The Rundelstone of Oz was published with Shanower's illustrations, along with Lauren McGraw's design sketches for the characters from the earlier form of the story. (Since McGraw died in 2000, the 2001 edition was published posthumously; it featured an Introduction by Lauren Lynn.)

Synopsis
The Troopadours are travelling entertainers — not human ones, but living marionettes. When they reach the village of Whitherwood in the Gillikin Country, they are enchanted by a malicious magician called Slyddwyn. Most are transformed into inanimate objects — though Slyddwyn leaves the humblest member of the troupe, Pocotristi Sostenuto, free to serve as a menial servant in his castle.

(This plot device, of magically turning "people" into inanimate ornaments, reaches back to Baum's third Oz book, Ozma of Oz.)

To work his transformations, Slyddwyn uses the Rundelstone, a fist-sized rock with a "rundel" (a rhyming riddle, in this case also an enchantment) carved on it in "flarns" (runes). Puppet protagonist Poco must figure out what has happened to his companions, then obtain the Rundelstone and learn to work its magic. With the help of a young boy named Rolly, and eventually with the aid of Dorothy Gale, Princess Ozma and other familiar denizens of Oz, Poco succeeds in restoring his friends, defeating the villain, and ensuring that Good triumphs.

References

External links

 On The Rundelstone of Oz

See also
The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi

Oz (franchise) books
2001 fantasy novels
2001 American novels
Novels published posthumously
2001 children's books
Fictional puppets
Sentient toys in fiction
Novels by Eloise Jarvis McGraw


The Doctor of Myddfai is an opera in two acts composed by Peter Maxwell Davies to a libretto by David Pountney. The work premiered at the New Theatre in Cardiff on 5 June 1996, performed by the Welsh National Opera and conducted by Richard Armstrong. The libretto was adapted from an ancient Welsh legend related to the Lady of the Lake legend. The original tale is reinterpreted in terms of a mysterious disease, knowledge of which the authorities are trying to suppress. The opera takes place in a totalitarian society similar to that envisioned in Orwell's 1984, with a supreme ruler, mechanistic bureaucracy and endless war.

Roles

Synopsis
Time: The near future
Place: The Welsh town of Myddfai (part of a larger European dictatorship)

Background legend

A shepherd fell in love with beautiful girl who appeared in Llyn y Fan Fach, a lake where he was tending his flock. He married her after passing the test of distinguishing her from her two sisters. However, there was a condition on their marriage. If he were to strike her three times during their marriage, she would return to the lake, taking all the wealth she had brought him. Eventually he struck her for a third time. She did indeed return to the lake, but left her healing powers to him and his descendants. They became The Doctors of Myddfai.

The opera

The Doctor is worried about a strange new disease that has broken out and retells the legend to his Child. The disease occurs whenever anyone receives a blow in the rain. The resulting bruise spreads over the entire body. Those who have the disease are desperate for a cure from The Doctor. He and a crowd of the sick (a chorus singing Christian hymns in Welsh) gather by the lake.

The Doctor tries to tell The Ruler about the disease, but The Ruler dismisses him and seeks to bury the story. Nevertheless, he is disturbed and seeks consolation with a woman who turns out to be The Doctor. In the ensuing confrontation in the rain, he strikes The Ruler, thus infecting him with the strange disease.

The State Council debates the crisis caused by the Ruler's absence. The Ruler eventually appears and demands that he be taken to the lake to be cured. There, the Doctor refuses to cure him. A crowd of the sick arrive at the lake and in their desperation for a cure trample The Doctor to death. The Child arrives, and orders the Ruler to walk into the lake. She becomes the new Doctor of Myddfai, preaching deliverance through recitation of the names of herbs and flowers.

Recording
The Doctor of Myddfai (Paul Whelan, Lisa Tyrrell, Gwynne Howell et al.; Welsh National Opera Orchestra and Chorus; Richard Armstrong, conductor) Recorded live, 5 October 1996. Label: Collins Classics 70462

References
Boosey & Hawkes, Davies, Peter Maxwell, The Doctor of Myddfai (1995). Accessed 31 October 2008.
Smith, Patrick J., "Davies: The Doctor of Myddfai" (recording review), Opera News, September 1998. Accessed via subscription, 31 October 2008.
Warnaby, John, "Maxwell Davies: The Doctor of Myddfai", Musical Opinion, January 1999. Accessed via subscription, 31 October 2008.

Operas
Operas by Peter Maxwell Davies
English-language operas
1996 operas
Operas set in Wales


Sandra Louise Vogelgesang (born 1942) was a senior foreign service officer and policy planner for the U.S. State Department.

Life
She attended Cornell University and Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
She served as a deputy assistant Secretary of State, and, from 1994 to 1997 she was U.S. Ambassador to Nepal, appointed by President Bill Clinton.

She is married to Geoffrey Wolfe.

Writings
 American Dream, Global Nightmare: The Dilemma of U.S. Human Rights Policy, Norton, 1980, 272 pp,
 Long Dark Night of the Soul: The American Intellectual Left and the Vietnam War, Harper Collins, 1974, 249 pp,

References
Political Graveyard

1942 births
Living people
American political writers
People from Franklin County, Ohio
Ambassadors of the United States to Nepal
Cornell University alumni
The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni
American women ambassadors
United States Foreign Service personnel
20th-century American diplomats
20th-century American women
21st-century American women


Jalan Jengka 1, Federal Route 1542, is a main federal road in Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.

At most sections, the Federal Route 1542 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

List of junctions and towns

Malaysian Federal Roads


Waiau River is a river in the Gisborne Region of New Zealand. It has its headwaters in the same area of hill country to the east of the Raukumara Range as the Mata River, flowing firstly north, then east to become a tributary of the Hikuwai River.

References

Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand


Lawrence Rooke (also Laurence) (1622–26 June 1662) was an English astronomer and mathematician. He was also one of the founders of the Royal Society, although he died as it was being formally constituted.

Life
He was born in Deptford, and was a great-nephew through his mother of Lancelot Andrewes.

He was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. in 1647. He became a fellow commoner at Wadham College, Oxford in 1650, having dropped out of academia for a period because of bad health.   At Wadham he worked closely with John Wilkins and Seth Ward.

He became Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College in 1652, and then Professor of Geometry there, in 1657, an appointment in which Oliver Cromwell took an interest.

He was unpublished in his lifetime, but left papers on longitude and the moons of Jupiter that were published posthumously. He also wrote at the Royal Society's request a set of directions for sailors, on the correct way to record meteorological and oceanographic observations on their travels. These appeared in volume 1 of the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions as Directions for Sea-men, bound for far Voyages (Phil. Trans. 1665 1 140-143) doi:10.1098/rstl.1665.0066.

Montes Rook, a circular mountain range on the moon, is named after Lawrence Rooke.

Notes

External links
Galileo Project page

1622 births
1662 deaths
17th-century English astronomers
17th-century English mathematicians
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Founder Fellows of the Royal Society
Professors of Gresham College
People educated at Eton College


Mirko Jeličić is an Australian football coach who is currently managing Uzbek team Lokomotiv Tashkent. He was coaching Cockburn City in the Western Australia State League Premier Division. Jeličić had previously worked as a fitness coach for Perth Glory in the Australian National Soccer League, during the reign of manager Bernd Stange. The club enjoyed its most successful period during this time. In 2001 Jelicic was appointed to the staff of the "Auckland Kingz " in New Zealand assisting with team preparation for their National League campaign. In 2002, he was invited by Bora Milutinovich to assist with injury management for China's World Cup campaign in South Korea.

Jeličić was appointed to be the coach of Cockburn City in 2003, the team finishing as runners up in the WA state league. In late 2003 he moved to work in Malaysia, acting as a fitness coach for Sabah FA.

He later moved to Uzbekistan to prepare them for their 2006 FIFA World Cup campaign, working under experienced English coach Bob Houghton. After an initial stint he remained after their failed World Cup campaign, also working with Uzbeki national league team Pakhtakor, achieving league and cup double. After a short stint with Singaporean team SAFFC, Jeličić returned to Uzbekistan, working with the National Team in preparation for the 2007 Asian Cup, under the guidance of Russian coach Valeri Kuzmyich Nepomniachi (Uzbekistan reaching the quarter finals) and also with Pakhtakor who again won the double.

In early 2008 Jeličić was appointed, for a second time, as coach of Cockburn City. He left the club in May 2009 to take on a role with the Uzbekistan under-20 World Cup side. Also preparing the National Team for the 2011 Asian Championship ( Semi Finalists)

In 2011, his ex-coworker Peter Butler during SAFFC period invited him to work at BEC Tero Sasana F.C. a top club in Thailand Premier League. In 2012, he continued his association with Bec Terro and in September began work with Sven Goran Erikkson. Jelicic renewed his association with Uzbekistan football in 2015, returning to work with Lokomotiv Tashkent. He was appointed head coach following the sacking of Vadim Abramov in October. In 2016 under the guidance of Jelicic the club reached the quarter finals of the Asian Champions League and won the domestic ( league /cup) double. The club repeated their league/cup double the following year, the first time a club has been able to do this in Uzbekistan.

Honours
Lokomotiv Tashkent
Uzbek League (1): 2016
Uzbek Cup (1): 2016
Uzbekistan Super Cup (1): 2015

References

External links
Football West
Equestrian
Dail Express
WA Soccer

Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Australian soccer managers
Australian expatriate soccer managers
Sabah F.C. (Malaysia) managers
Sportspeople from Perth, Western Australia
1965 births
Expatriate football managers in Uzbekistan
Expatriate football managers in China
Expatriate football managers in Thailand
Australian expatriate sportspeople in China
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Uzbekistan


"Ubik" is a song by German electronic musician Timo Maas, featuring the vocals of Martin Bettinghaus. It was released in 2000 as the first single from Maas's debut album, Loud (2002). The song reached No. 33 on the UK Singles Chart.

Track listing

UK CD 1
 "Ubik: The Breakz" (Radio Mix)
 "Ubik: The Breakz" (Original Mix)
 "Ubik: The Techno"

UK CD 2
 "Ubik: The Dance" (Radio Mix)
 "Ubik: The Dance" (Original Mix Instrumental)
 "Ubik: The Dance" (Original Mix)

UK 12" Double Vinyl
 "Ubik: The Breakz" (Original Mix)
 "Ubik: The Dance" (Original Mix)
 "Ubik: The Breakz" (Half Vocal Mix)
 "Ubik: The Dance" (Original Mix Instrumental)

Weekly charts

2000 songs
2000 singles
Timo Maas songs
Perfecto Records singles
UK Independent Singles Chart number-one singles


Daren Tomas Zenner (May 30, 1971 – May 13, 2020) was a Canadian professional boxer that competed in the super middleweight and light heavyweight weight divisions. He challenged once for the WBO light heavyweight title in 1997.

Zenner fought notable boxers that included world champions and contenders such as Arthur Williams, Lou Del Valle, Tony Thornton and Dariusz Michalczewski.

Amateur career
Zenner grew up in Bezanson, Alberta, and won a gold medal at the Alberta Winter Games in 1988 in boxing which were held in Red Deer, Alberta.

Professional career
Zenner moved to the Las Vegas when he turned professional at the age of 18.

In October 1995, Zenner became the New York State super middleweight champion by beating the nephew of Joe Frazier; Tyrone Frazier.

In December 1997, Zenner competed for the WBO Light Heavyweight Title against undefeated Dariusz Michalczewski in Hamburg, Germany. The fight was stopped due to cuts on Zenner in the 6th round.

After boxing
Following retirement from boxing in 2000, Zenner began a new career within the real-estate industry whilst living in Long Island.

Zenner was married and had four daughters.

Zenner returned to Canada in 2018 where he died suddenly in May 2020.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

1971 births
2020 deaths
Sportspeople from Alberta
American people of Canadian descent
Canadian male boxers
American male boxers
Super-middleweight boxers


Ola Mikal Heide (born 26 April 1931) is a Norwegian botanist.

He was born in Trondenes. He graduated from the Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1961, and took the dr.agric. degree in 1967 with the thesis Studies on the Control of Regeneration in Begonia. He was appointed professor of plant physiology at the University of Tromsø in 1972, professor of botany at the Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1976. He served as rector there from 1978 to 1983. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

References

1931 births
Living people
People from Harstad
20th-century Norwegian botanists
Norwegian College of Agriculture alumni
Academic staff of the Norwegian College of Agriculture
Rectors of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Academic staff of the University of Tromsø
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters


Lieutenant General John Cooper,  (born 17 February 1955) is a former senior British Army officer. From March 2008 he was the Deputy Commander of Multinational Force-Iraq (MNF-I), the operational-level headquarters in Iraq, and the Senior British Military Representative-Iraq. As Deputy Commander, he was the principal assistant to General Raymond T. Odierno of the United States Army. He stepped down on 4 March 2009, and retired from the army later that year.

Early life and career
Cooper was born on 17 February 1955 in Berwick-upon-Tweed. Educated at Berwick Grammar School, he then went to Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned into the King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) as a second lieutenant on 8 March 1975. He initially served in Northern Ireland, Britain and Germany, he was promoted lieutenant on 8 March 1977, and captain on 8 September 1981. In the early 1980s he served two tours with a British Army advisory and training team in Zimbabwe before attending Staff College, Camberley in 1987.  He was promoted major on 30 September 1987, and after graduation from the staff course, he was appointed Chief of Staff, 8th Infantry Brigade in Northern Ireland 1988–89, for which he was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) on 6 November 1990. He then commanded a rifle company in 1st Battalion, KOSB (1KOSB), including active service in the Gulf War. He was promoted lieutenant colonel on 30 June 1994, and commanded 1KOSB for a further tour in Northern Ireland, for which he was appointed to the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), as well as tours in Edinburgh and Lancashire. He then served as an instructor at the Staff College, Camberley, and at the Joint Services Command and Staff College.

Higher command

In November 1997, Cooper was appointed to a high staff position as Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, G3 (O&D) in HQ LAND, where he had responsibility for implementing recommendations arising from the Strategic Defence Review. He attended the Higher Command and Staff Course in 1998, and was promoted colonel on 30 June 1998. He was officially promoted to brigadier on 31 December 1999, with seniority from 30 June 1999, having taken command of the 12th Mechanised Brigade in November 1999. The brigade deployed to Bosnia in 2000. He was appointed to the honorary position of KOSB's Colonel of the Regiment on 9 February 2001 and held that post until the regiment was disbanded with its merger into the Royal Regiment of Scotland on 28 March 2006, when he became a Deputy Colonel of the new regiment. He was appointed the Chief of the Defence Staff's liaison officer to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon (United States) in Washington DC in 2002. He then assumed the appointment of Chief of Staff, Field Army, HQ Land Command.

Upon promotion to major general on 7 May 2004, Cooper became Deputy Commander Combined Forces Command (Afghanistan) until December 2004. He was awarded the US Bronze Star Medal for his service in Afghanistan. When he departed Afghanistan, he took command of 1st (UK) Armoured Division on 25 January 2005, taking elements of that division to Iraq where it formed HQ Multi-National Division (South-East). He returned to England for two years of senior leadership positions before his promotion to lieutenant general and return to Iraq on 23 March 2008 to become Senior British Military Representative and Deputy Commanding General, Multinational Force, Iraq. He stepped down from the post on 4 March 2009. In an interview on 3 March 2009 he expressed his belief that the struggle against Al Qaida in Iraq had been won, and that the country was getting back on its feet.

Cooper was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2009 Birthday Honours. He retired from the army on 21 November 2009.

References

|-

|-

|-

1955 births
Living people
Academics of the Staff College, Camberley
Military personnel from Northumberland
King's Own Scottish Borderers officers
British Army lieutenant generals
British Army personnel of the Iraq War
British military leaders of the Iraq War
People from Berwick-upon-Tweed
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Members of the Order of the British Empire
British Army personnel of the Gulf War
British Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)


Popovo ( or ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links

Popovo on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


Solaris Pictures is an Indian film production company based in Mumbai. It was created by Sridhar Rangayan, and Saagar Gupta in 2001.  The two have gone on to create several award-winning films under Solaris Pictures' banner, focusing on LGBT issues and HIV/AIDS.

Introduction
Solaris Pictures is an Indian film production company that has makes films covering issues such as homosexuality and gay rights.

Previous productions include: The Pink Mirror, which has won two Best Film awards, and was screened at over 72 festivals; Yours Emotionally, which was played at several international festivals; and 68 Pages, which won the Silver Remi award at the 2008 WorldFest Houston. These films are made in a unique style that combines Bollywood melodrama with international avant-garde film techniques.

Solaris Pictures is the associate producer of Project Bolo, an Indian LGBT oral history project that interviews 20 Indian LGBT people in Mumbai, Pune, Lucknow, and New Delhi.

Solaris Pictures has produced two documentary features about the LGBTQI community in India - Purple Skies (2014) and Breaking Free (2015).
Purple Skies highlights the stories of LBGT people victimized and subjugated by the law, the family and society, as well as stories of youngsters who have come out of the closet bravely. The film was telecast on India's National Network Doordarshan in 2015. The film screened at 27 international film festivals.

In Breaking Free - Sec 377, filmmaker and gay activist Sridhar Rangayan exposes the human rights violations faced by the LGBTQ community in India due to a draconian law Section 377, and homophobic social mores of a patriarchal society. It won the Barbara Gittings Human Rights Award at qFLIX Philadelphia in 2016. [3]

The company has also collaborated in producing more than 100 hours of television content for serials like Rishtey, Gubbare, Kagaar and has produced advertising for companies like Life Insurance Corporation of India, H & R Johnson, Godrej, Rupa, Zee TV. Their social awareness films and spots for the National Institute for Hearing Handicapped, Cancer Patients Aid Association and Cama & Albless Hospital have been telecast on both DD National and Mumbai Doordarshan.

Solaris Pictures is one of the principal organizers of Kashish Mumbai Queer Film Festival that was first held in April 2010 in Mumbai at PVR Cinemas and Alliance Francaise and then in 2011 and 2012 at Cinemax Versova and Alliance Francaise.

Solaris Pictures has also organized Flashpoint Human Rights Film Festival in Mumbai and New Delhi in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012.

Movies

Evening Shadows
Drama/ 102 mins / India / 2018 / Hindi with English subtitles
Directed by Sridhar Rangayan
Written by: Sridhar Rangayan & Saagar Gupta
Producer: Solaris Pictures

Evening Shadows - In a small town in Southern India that lives within a cocoon of traditions and social morality, when a young gay man Kartik (Devansh Doshi), comes out to his mother Vasudha (Mona Ambegaonkar), her entire world comes crashing down. She has no one to turn to dispel her fears and doubts, to understand her loving son's truth. Moreover, as a woman, trapped within a patriarchal conservative society, her biggest challenge is to deal with her dogmatic husband Damodar (Ananth Narayan Mahadevan), and the conservative society around her. Evening Shadows is a universal story about a mother-son bonding and its emotional strength to withstand the ravages of time and harsh realities.{ Source: imdb}

The film has won 19 awards and screened at 72 international film festivals. It is currently streaming on Netflix.

Breaking Free
Documentary/ 82 mins / India / 2015 / English, Hindi subtitles
Directed by Sridhar Rangayan
Written by: Sridhar Rangayan & Saagar Gupta
Producer: Solaris Pictures

Breaking Free – Sec 377 is a 2015 movie directed by Sridhar Rangayan and produced by Solaris Pictures. In this documentary, filmmaker and gay activist Sridhar Rangayan embarks on a personal journey to expose the human rights violations faced by the LGBTQ community in India due to a draconian law Section 377 and homophobic social mores of a patriarchal society.
The film was selected to be part of the Indian Panorama (non-Fiction) and screened at International Film Festival of India in 2015.

It won the Rajat Kamal National Award for Best Editing (Non-Fiction) in 2016 for its editors Pravin Angre and Sridhar Rangayan. It also won the Barbara Gittings Human Rights Award at qFLIX Philadelphia in 2016.
It is currently streaming on Netflix.

Purple Skies
Documentary/ 66 mins / India / 2014 / English, Hindi subtitles
Directed by Sridhar Rangayan
Written by: Sridhar Rangayan & Saagar Gupta
Producer: Public Service Broadcasting Trust and Solaris Pictures

Purple Skies is a 2014 movie directed by Sridhar Rangayan and produced by Public Service Broadcasting Trust and Solaris Pictures. It documents the opinions of lesbians, bisexuals and trans men in India. It was also broadcast on Doordarshan in 2015.

The documentary film showcases stories of the LGBT community about living in India and is the first documentary on LGBT topics to be screened on a national network, Doordarshan. As of 2015, it has been screened at 27 international film festivals.

68 Pages
Drama/ 90 mins / India / 2007 / Hindi with English subtitles
Directed and Written by Sridhar Rangayan
Producer: Humsafar Trust
Associate Producer: Solaris Pictures

Coming from a country like India that is still in denial, where being HIV+ is still a curse, 68 Pages rips open the underbelly of its society to reveal how it stigmatizes and shuns those who are HIV+ or even those who just want to be what they are. Through 68 Pages of a counselors diary, we see the stories of Paayal, a sex worker; Nishit, an ID user; Kiran, a gay man and Umrao, a transsexual bar dancer - their stories of pain and fear, humiliation and rejection - not only by the society, but even by their loved ones. While these stories expose the shallowness of the system, it also offers hope and healing by trying to bring about a better understanding of their fight to live with dignity. The film is a tribute to the human spirit of optimism and survival. { Source: imdb}

Yours Emotionally

Drama/Gay / 86 mins / UK-India / 2006
Directed and Written by Sridhar Rangayan
Producer: Wise Thoughts (UK)
Associate Producer: Solaris Pictures (India)

Two Brits, Ravi and Paul travel to India where they meet Murthy and Anna an older gay couple that have managed to form a partnership and live together for over 20 years. When Ravi meets and falls for Mani an Indian national who is betrothed to be married. He turns to the older couple for advice and help but traditions die hard in India. {Source: imdb}

The Pink Mirror

Drama/Gay /40 mins / India / 2003 / Hindi wst English
Directed and Written by Sridhar Rangayan
Produced by Solaris Pictures (India)

The Pink Mirror pits two Indian drag queens against a westernized gay teenager in a battle to woo a handsome hunk. It's a clash of the east and west. The drag queens, who are expert in the art of seduction with their wit, innuendo and cunning or the young teenager who is saucy, slutty and sly? Underneath the campy humorous exterior, the film is an exploration of the Indian gay landscape and understanding of the deep, humanly tender bondings that exist between drag queens in India who form unique, non-patriarchal families. Using the Bollywood soap idiom of song, dance and drama and for the first time in the Indian drag queens' very own language, Hindi, the film also explores other veiled issues related to the Indian gay community: the lurking threat of HIV/AIDS. {Source: imdb}
The film is screening on Netflix

Awards

Solaris Pictures' films and television projects have won several awards, both Indian and international.
 Silver Remi Award at WorldFest 2008, Houston (for film "68 Pages")
 Jury Award for Best Film at ‘Fire Island Film Festival 2004, New York, USA (for film “Gulabi Aaina)
 Best Film of the Festival award at ‘Question de Genre’ film festival 2003, Lille, France
(for film “Gulabi Aaina)
 RAPA award for Best Comedy Episode, 1999 (for “Piya Ka Ghar” – Gubbare, Zee TV)
 RAPA award for Best Telefilm, 2000  (for “Khamoshiyaan” – Rishtey, Zee TV)

References

External links
 Official site
 imdb

Mass media companies established in 1991
Hindi cinema
LGBT in India
LGBT arts organizations
Film production companies based in Mumbai
1991 establishments in Maharashtra
Indian companies established in 1991


Dark Horse Comics is an American comic book company. These are the ongoing and limited series publications it has released under its imprints.

Comics' Greatest World/Dark Horse Heroes

Legend

Maverick

Project Black Sky

Rocket Comics

Dark Horse Comics imprints


Potarje () is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links
Potarje on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


Letters from a Father to His Daughter is a collection of letters written by Jawaharlal Nehru to his daughter Indira Nehru, originally published in 1929 by Allahabad Law Journal Press at Nehru's request and consisting of only the 30 letters sent in the summer of 1928 when Indira was 10 years old. He arranged a second edition in 1931 and subsequently, further reprints and editions have been published.

The letters were educational pieces on the subjects of natural and human history. At the time of the letters' writing, Nehru was in Allahabad, while Indira was in Mussoorie. While original letters written by Nehru were in English, they were translated into Hindi by the Hindi novelist Munshi Premchand under the name Pita Ke Patra Putri Ke Naam.
In 2014, a Spanish translation with the title "Cartas a mi hija Indira" (Letters to my daughter Indira), was released by Rodolfo Zamora.
Five additional letters were published in that edition. An amplified new edition was released in 2018 in Cuba, honoring the 100th anniversary of the correspondence between Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi.

See also
 Glimpses of World History (1934)
 An Autobiography (1936)
 The Discovery of India'' (1942–1946)

References

Further reading
Two Alone, Two Together: Letters Between Indira Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Sonia Gandhi, Penguin Books (2005).

External links
Letters From A Father To His Daughter. Allahabad Law Journal Press (1929)
Pitā ke patra putrī ke nāma. Hindi translation (1931)

Indian non-fiction books
Books by Jawaharlal Nehru
Hindi-language literature


WAGC may refer to:

 WAGC-LD 14 (50.1), a defunct low-power television station formerly licensed to Atlanta, Georgia, United States
 WLMR 1450, which signed-on in 1946 as WAGC in Chattanooga, Tennessee
 WZTQ 1560, which signed-on in 1962 as WAGC in Centre, Alabama
 World Amateur Go Championship

See also
 WAGC-3, an Indian locomotive
 WAGC-385, the designation of the USS Biscayne


Gyani Labh Singh Ji Bhikhi (25 April 1881 to 29 April 1974) was a freedom fighter from India and a preacher of Sikhism (Pracharak). He was born in Village Bhikhi, Sheikhupura District, now in Pakistan. From childhood, he spend his life in participating in the fight against the British Raj, for India's independence. Wherever he went for delivering speeches for Independence, thousands of people came to listen him from far away places. It is a fact that sometimes he gave speeches to crowd of thousands without the aid of a microphone or speaker. He was a very daring, patriotic and straight forward person. He went to jail several times. He did not believe in and was against the caste system, that's why he added his village name 'Bhikhi' to his name instead of his surname/caste i.e. Kalra. He did not believe in superstitions. He was very much active in Jaito da Morcha, Guru Ke Bagh ka Morcha, Gurudwara Sudhar Lehar, Rail Roko Andolan, Chabiyaan da Morcha and many more. He wrote essays, poems and other writing material which encouraged his countrymen to fight jointly for their country's freedom and he also served Punjabi Literature warmly from every side.

He wrote three books namely

(1) Kartoot Bemukhan Dee

(2) Sachiyaan Baatan

(3) Navaa Kissa.

He was honoured with Praman Patra for his contributions in India's independence by Punjab Chief Minister S. Pratap Singh Kairon and the Tamra Patra for his contribution and participation in India's independence by the Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi as well as the Chief Minister of Punjab and President of India Giani Zail Singh.

After partition of 1947 he came and settled in Ludhiana, Punjab (India) with his family and there also he takes active part in religious cum social activities.

He died on 29 April 1974.

BELOW, an article Specially Published on the occasion of his 131st Birth anniversary in DAILY AJIT, A Leading Punjabi Language Newspaper, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Dated 25 April 2012

References

1881 births
1974 deaths
People from Sheikhupura District
Punjabi people


"To Get Down" is a song performed by Timo Maas from his album Loud. featuring the vocals of Phil Barnes. It became a hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at No. 14 on the UK Singles Chart and topping the UK Dance and Indie charts. It also reached No. 4 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song is featured in the 2003 film The Italian Job and the 2002 video game FIFA Football 2003; the latter being remixed by Fatboy Slim.

Track listing
UK CD
 "To Get Down" (Radio Mix) - 3:32
 "To Get Down" (Fatboy Slim Mix)
 "To Get Down (Rock Thing)" (Timo's Dub Mix)

Official versions
 "To Get Down" (Radio Mix) - 3:32
 "To Get Down" (Fatboy Slim Mix)
 "To Get Down (Rock Thing)" (Timo's Dub Mix)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2001 songs
2001 singles
Perfecto Records singles
Timo Maas songs
UK Independent Singles Chart number-one singles


Omega: The Last Days of the World () is a science fiction novel published in 1894 by Camille Flammarion.

In the 25th century, a comet made mostly of Carbonic-Oxide (CO) could possibly collide with the Earth. The novel is concerned with the philosophy and political consequences of the end of the world.

Film version
In 1931, French director Abel Gance released his film adaptation of La Fin du monde, known in English as End of the World.

References

External links

1894 French novels
Apocalyptic novels
1894 science fiction novels
Fiction about comets
French novels adapted into films
Novels set in the 25th century


The A2 motorway (), called the Miloš the Great Motorway () is a motorway in Serbia under construction. When complete, it will span approximately . It begins in Belgrade and runs southward to Čačak and Požega, then going further south towards Montenegro ending at the future Boljare border crossing, and west towards Bosnia and Herzegovina ending at the future Kotroman border crossing.

This motorway will provide a faster route to Montenegro by linking to the Bar-Boljare motorway, currently under construction.
It is frequently referred in Serbian media as part of proposed Corridor XI () - an envisioned ferry/motorway corridor linking Bari (Italy), Bar (Montenegro), Belgrade (Serbia) and Bucharest (Romania).

Route

Section Belgrade—Požega
Subsection Surčin—Obrenovac
The northernmost subsection Surčin—Obrenovac starts on interchange “Surčin jug” with A1 motorway. It passes by Jakovo where will be main tool station, and it leaves Syrmia region by passing Sava and Kolubara rivers on 1766 meters-long bridge. The section ends close to the bridge on the “Obrenovac” interchange where next subsection, Obrenovac—Ub, starts. The construction of this 17.6 kilometer-long section started in 2017 and was completed by the end of 2019 with main contractor China Communications Construction Company (CCCC).

Subsection Obrenovac—Ub
This 26.2 kilometers-long section was under construction from 2014 to 2019. The main contractor was Chinese company Shandong Hi-Speed Group. On this section there are 14 bridges, one rest area and exit 'Ub'. It goes through flat terrain in the Kolubara river valley.

Subsection Ub—Lajkovac
Section Ub—Lajkovac which is 12.5 kilometers-long is first completed section on A2 motorway. It was constructed from 2011 to 2014, and main contractors were Serbian companies 'Putevi Užice' and 'GP Planum'. Value of this section is 73 million euros and it was funded by the budget of the Government of Serbia. On this section there are 13 bridges, one rest area and exit „Lajkovac“. Even though it was completed in 2014, it could not be put into service while sections Obrenovac—Ub and Lajkovac—Ljig were under construction.

Subsection Lajkovac—Ljig
This 24 kilometers-long section was under construction from 2014 to 2019. Main contractor s Chinese company Shandong Hi-Speed Group. On this section there are 16 bridges, tunnel 'Brančići' (956m), one rest area and exit 'Ljig'. It goes through flat terrain in valley of Kolubara and Ljig rivers, and after Ljig it enters hilly terrain.

Subsection Ljig—Preljina
The 40.3 kilometers-long section Ljig—Preljina is first section of motorway A2 which was put into service. It was constructed from 2012 to 2016 by Azerbaijani company AzVirt. It starts near Dići which is few kilometers from Ljig, passes near Takovo where is exit 'Takovo' for Gornji Milanovac. This section ends on exit 'Preljina' near to Čačak, where will be interchange with future A5 motorway. On this section there are 66 bridges and 12 overpasses, 4 tunnels: 'Veliki Kik' (200m), 'Savinac' (270m/260m), 'Šarani' (937m/1040m) and 'Brđani' (456m/438m) and 3 rest areas.

Subsection Preljina—Požega
Subsection Preljina—Požega is currently under construction (section between Pakovraće exit and Požega-the Preljina-Pakovraće section being inaugurated in 2022). It is 30.9 kilometers long and divided on 3 tranches: Preljina—Prijevor, Prijevor—Lučani and Lučani—Požega. Commercial contract with Chinese company China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) worth 450 million euros was signed in 2017. There will be 3 exits: 'Pakovraće' (near Čačak), 'Lučani' and 'Požega'. Also, one third of this subsection will be under bridges and 3 tunnels: 'Trbušani' (360m), 'Laz' (2562m) and 'Munjino Brdo' (2861m). The construction started in 2019 and it is expected to be completed by the end of 2023.

On interchange "Požega" near Prilipac motorway will be divided on two directions: to Boljare (border with Montenegro) and to Kotroman (border with Bosnia and Herzegovina). Motorway will pass through valleys of Čemernica and Zapadna Morava rivers, while from Prijevor it enters hilly terrain and bypasses Ovčar-Kablar Gorge.

Section Požega—Border with Montenegro
The last section of A2 motorway is a section going south from Požega to border with Montenegro near Boljare. This section will be more than 100 kilometers long, and the exact route is being chosen. Value of this section is estimated to be more than 1.5 billion euros. Motorway will go from Požega, pass next to Arilje and Ivanjica and reach Pešter plateau where it passes near Sjenica, and finishes on future border crossing Boljare with Montenegro. Section is very complicated to construct, there will be many bridges and tunnels, and it will be contracted after section Preljina—Požega is finished.

Section Požega—Kotroman with Bosnia and Herzegovina
The last section of A2 motorway is a section going west from Požega to border with Bosnia and Herzegovina.

List of exits

Exit list is shown just for sections between Belgrade and Požega, because the detailed route for section Požega—Boljare is currently unknown.

Image gallery

References

External links

 Regulation of State Roads
 Official site of PE Corridors of Serbia

Motorways in Serbia
Transport in Belgrade
Kolubara District
Moravica District
Zlatibor District


The Glen Campbell Collection was issued by Capitol Records (EMI Of Canada LTD) and sold exclusively through a special TV offer.

There is another compilation album titled Glen_Campbell_Collection released by EMI Gold in 2004 as a double album containing 34 tracks.

Track listing
Side 1:

 "Gentle on My Mind" (John Hartford)
 "By The Time I Get To Phoenix" (Jimmy Webb)
 "Wichita Lineman" (Jimmy Webb)
 "Galveston" (Jimmy Webb)
 "Try A Little Kindness" (Austin, Sapaugh)
 "Honey Come Back" (Jimmy Webb)
 "Rhinestone Cowboy" (Larry Weiss)
 "Southern Nights" (Allen Toussaint)
 "Help Me Make It Through the Night" (Kris Kristofferson)
 "The Straight Life" (Curtis)

Side 2:

 "Dreams of the Everyday Housewife" (Chris Gantry)
 "Where's The Playground Susie" (Jimmy Webb)
 "It's Only Make Believe" (Conway Twitty, Jack Nance)
 "Dream Baby (How Long Must I Dream)" (Cindy Walker)
 "Houston (I'm Comin' To See You)" (David Paich)
 "Country Boy (You Got Your Feet In LA)" (Dennis Lambert, Brian Potter)
 "Amazing Grace" (John Newton)
 "Someday Soon" (Tyson)
 "If You Could Read My Mind" (Gordon Lightfoot)
 "Less Of Me" (Glen Campbell)

1978 compilation albums
Glen Campbell compilation albums
Capitol Records compilation albums


The A2 is a Belgian motorway that coincides completely with the Belgian part of the European route E314. It starts in Leuven, at the junction with the A3/E40 in the province of Flemish Brabant. Then it goes through the province of Limburg, where it crosses the A13/E313 in Lummen. It ends at the Dutch border, where it became the Dutch A76.

Pictures

External links

Motorways in Belgium


There are two places in New Zealand called Mayfield:

 Mayfield, Canterbury, a settlement in Canterbury
 Mayfield, Marlborough, a suburb of Blenheim


Kapt. Kopter and the (Fabulous) Twirly Birds is a 1972 studio album by Randy California.

Background
This album was recorded and released following Randy California's departure from Spirit. Spirit's fourth LP, Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus, reached the charts but took an inordinate amount of time to receive attention (the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA in 1976). As a result, Jay Ferguson and Mark Andes departed Spirit to form Jo Jo Gunne with Andes' brother Matt (whose slide guitar work had previously appeared in "Prelude: Nothin' to Hide" on the Sardonicus album) and drummer Curly Smith.

Following the departure of Jay Ferguson and Mark Andes in early 1971, Spirit recruited John Arliss (and later John Fine) on bass and resumed playing live shows in March 1971. Randy California, however, was also growing disenchanted in Spirit and left the band in July 1971, along with bassist John Fine. They were replaced by brothers Al and John Staehely (on bass and guitar, respectively), and Spirit went on to record  Feedback without Randy.

Randy spent much of his time afterwards in jam sessions with various musicians in Topanga Canyon clubs, particularly a club known as The Corral. Some of the musicians who appeared in these jam sessions, along with Noel Redding (under the pseudonym 'Clit McTorius'), Leslie Sampson (the drummer from Noel's band Road, under the pseudonym 'Henry Manchovitz') and Ed Cassidy (as 'Cass Strange'), would end up working with Randy when he started recording solo material in 1972. The resulting album featured numerous covers of the works of contemporary acts such as the Beatles and James Brown, with less emphasis upon original material by Randy. The album was also heavily influenced by the death of Jimi Hendrix in 1970, who had been friends with Randy since they played together in Jimmy James and the Blue Flames.

Promotion and reception

On November 7, 1972, shortly after the album's release, Epic released a promotional-only single to radio stations. Reflecting the album's division between covers and original material, the single featured a cover of Rufus Thomas' "Walkin' the Dog" on one side and an original by Randy entitled "Live for the Day" on the opposite side (neither song was released on the original album). Neither the album or the single were commercially successful.

Randy convened a touring band during the same period under the Kapt. Kopter and the (Fabulous) Twirly Birds moniker. The group, which featured Ed Cassidy on drums and Larry "Fuzzy" Knight on bass, supported the album by playing shows around the Los Angeles area, including a few performances for the radio station KPFK. Several months after the album's release, this group would tour Europe as Spirit under pressure from booking agents who wanted to capitalize on Spirit's name and were not interested in Randy's solo work.

Critical opinions of the album are mixed. William Ruhlmann, reviewing the album for AllMusic, wrote that the cover songs "became almost unrecognizable frames for California's improvisations. At least the covers were actual songs, which was more than you could say for the originals", before concluding that "Kapt. Kopter ended up proving that California was not ready to be promoted from a group guitarist who sang and wrote occasionally." However, Robert Christgau stated that, while he did not have a passion for "sheer dense weirdness", the album's "tunefully distorted guitar (and vocal) showcase will grow on you if you give it half a chance". Gavin Martin of Classic Rock in his positive review remarks how the album reflects the strong spiritual and musical connection with Jimi Hendrix, although California shows here an "individual, densely layered" sensibility which puts him "several light years ahead of the pack."

Despite the album's critical reception, there has been enough continuing interest in the album to warrant numerous LP and CD reissues. The initial CD release of this album by Edsel Records contained both tracks from the promotional single that Epic released in 1972. The later CD reissues by Sony Music and Acadia also feature these tracks along with an additional instrumental track entitled "Rebel".

Track listing

Personnel
Randy California – vocals, guitar, waterbass on "Rainbow", producer
Charlie Bundy – bass
Noel Redding (credited as 'Clit McTorius') - bass on tracks 1, 6, 7
Larry "Fuzzy" Knight – bass on track 5
Tim McGovern - drums
Leslie Sampson (credited as 'Henry Manchovitz') - drums on tracks 1, 6, 7
Ed Cassidy (credited as 'Cass Strange') - drums on tracks 5 and 8
Janet Wolfe, Robin Wolfe - background vocals
Roger Dollarhide – engineer

References

1972 albums
Epic Records albums
Albums recorded at Sound City Studios


The A3 is a Belgian motorway (mainly classified as the E40) extending from the east of Brussels (Boulevard Reyers), through Leuven, onwards to Liège. Just past the ring of Liège, the motorway continues to Verviers, Eupen and the German border.

The section between Liège (intersection of Hauts-Sarts) and the German border is part of the King Baudouin Motorway (Baldwin König Autobahn in German and Koning Boudewijnsnelweg in Dutch). Crossing the Hesbaye (French) or Haspengouw (Dutch), the Walloon section between Leuven and Liège is named the Hesbignonne.

Pictures

Motorways in Belgium


"Believe in Me" is the third single by American rock musician Lenny Kravitz from his 2001 sixth self-titled studio album Lenny, released on April 23, 2002 by Virgin Records America.

Chart performance
The single performed very well on the European countries, being the most successful single of the album in Austria (where it peaked at number 42), Portugal (where it peaked at number six), the Netherlands (where it reached number seven), and Switzerland (where it reached number 29). In Italy, it reached the top 10, becoming the second song of the album to reach the top 10 there.

Music video
The music video features Lenny performing in a small club setting in front of an audience full of people of different ages, races and walks of life. Kravitz is singing soulfully to the woman that he is in love with, while flashing images of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ appear in the club. Another scene shows back and forth imaging of the woman and of a shirtless, frustrated Kravitz boxing and lifting weights in his exercise room. The instrumental bridge features choreographed break dancers as Kravitz plays Spanish guitar, while in the end Kravitz and the woman are seen dancing together amongst the large crowd of people. The video features American model Megan Ewing.

Track listing
 "Believe in Me"
 "Yesterday Is Gone (My Dear Kay)"
 "A Million Miles Away"
 "Stillness of Heart" (Video)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links
Lenny Kravitz official site

2002 singles
2002 songs
Lenny Kravitz songs
Song recordings produced by Lenny Kravitz
Songs written by Lenny Kravitz
Trip hop songs


Constantine Jessop (1601 or 1602 – 16 April 1658) was a 17th-century Anglican clergyman.

Life
Jessop was the son of John Jessop, a minister at Pembroke, Pembrokeshire in Wales.  He studied initially at Jesus College, Oxford, commencing in 1624 aged 22, before moving to Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated with a BA from Dublin before returning to Oxford to obtain his MA in 1632. His movements thereafter are uncertain for a few years, although his son Constantine was born in 1639 or 1640.  In 1643, he was appointed to the parish of Fyfield, Essex.  In 1644, he argued for the biblical validity of presbyterian church government, with his views being published as The angel of the Church of Ephesus no bishop of Ephesus, distinguished in order from, and superior in power to a presbyter, dedicated to William Twisse.  In August 1647, he moved from Fyfield to Bristol to take up a position as vicar of St Nicholas.  In 1650, he was alleged to have preached against the council of state and, whilst protesting, did not deny all the charges.  He was allowed to remain a minister on condition that he did not return to Bristol, although temporary permission was given on two occasions in 1652 and the prohibition was removed in April 1654, after Jessop had become rector of Wimborne Minster in Dorset.  Also in 1654, Jessop wrote a preface to John Grayle's A Modest Vindication, entitled The nature of the covenant of grace, wherein is a discovery of the judgment of Dr. Twisse in the point of justification, clearing him from antinomianism therein.  On 16 April 1658, Jessop died at Wimborne; he was buried there.  He was survived by his wife, Elizabeth, and his son, Constantine, who became rector of Brington, Northamptonshire and a prebendary of Durham Cathedral.

References

1600s births
1658 deaths
17th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People from Pembrokeshire
17th-century English Anglican priests


Michael Ho (born July 13, 1957) is a Hawaiian Chinese professional surfer who has won the Hawaiian Triple Crown, the Duke Classic, the World Cup, and the 1982 Pipe Masters. He is the brother of Derek Ho, another champion surfer. Michael is also the father of Women's World Tour surfer Coco Ho and Mason Ho - "The World’s Most Entertaining Surfer". The Ho brothers have Chinese, native Hawaiian, and American European roots. Their father Edmund "Chico" Ho is half Chinese and half Native Hawaiian while their mother Joeine Ho is of American European descent. Their paternal grandfather moved to Hawaii in 1892 from China.

Ho was born in San Mateo, California. He became one of Hawaii's first full-time professional surfers, and in 1975 finished runner-up in the Duke Kahanamoku Classic and the Pro Class Trials. Ho was already being called the world's finest "position" surfer, meaning he invariably placed himself in the most critical section of the wave using the simplest and cleanest line. He often rode with a ramrod straight back, knees apart, his right arm distinctively held out from his body, hand dangling at the wrist. (Younger brother Derek Ho, the 1993 world champion, surfed in much the same way.)

At 5'5", 135 pounds, Ho was never able to explode through a turn the way his heavier peers could, but nobody was quicker on their feet, and few were as innately stylish. He was one of the world's best tuberiders in the mid- and late '70s (he helped invent the "pigdog" tuberiding technique), and his skills only improved throughout the '80s. Gregarious around friends and family, the mustachioed Ho kept a wary distance from the rest of the surf world, and was a somewhat shadowy figure during his 13 years (1976–88) on the pro tour.

Ho performed well at world tour venues around the world, but never won a pro circuit event outside of Hawaii. On the North Shore, however, he was a competitive force for more than 25 years: a five-time Pipeline Masters finalist (winning in 1982, even though hobbled by a cast on his right wrist); an eight-time Duke finalist (winning in 1978 and 1981); a four-time winner of the Xcel Pro (1988, 1990, 1991, and 1996); a two-time Triple Crown winner (1983 and 1985); and a four-time competitor in the Quiksilver in Memory of Eddie Aikau big-wave event at Waimea (finishing fourth in 1990).

In one of pro surfing's most remarkable competitive achievements, the 40-year-old Ho finished runner-up in the 1997 Pipeline Masters. A mainstay in the World Masters Championships, an annual event for ex-pros over the age of 36, Ho won the event in 2000, and made the quarterfinals of the 2011 event in Brazil. In 2012, Ho was inducted to the Surfing Walk of Fame at Huntington Beach.

References

External links
 Athlete Profile at SurfLine.com

1957 births
American surfers
Living people
Sportspeople from San Mateo, California
American sportspeople of Chinese descent
World Surf League surfers


Narve Bjørgo (born 3 May 1936 in Meland, Nordhordland) is a Norwegian historian.

He was born in Meland. He graduated from the University of Bergen in 1964, and worked as a research assistant until 1970. Then, for two years, he was a research fellow and associate professor. In 1973 he was appointed professor of history at the University of Tromsø. He served as dean from 1984 to 1985, and rector from 1985 to 1989. He was CEO of NAVF from 1991 to 1993, and professor at the University of Bergen from 1993 to 2006, before retiring. In 2008 he was given an honorary degree at the University of Tromsø.

Bjørgo was a member of the board of NUPI from 1974 to 1978, of the Nansen Foundation from 1974 to 1980. He chaired the board of the Norwegian National Academy of Ballet from 1994 to 1995, the Norwegian National Academy of Opera from 1994 to 1996, the Ivar Aasen Centre from 1998 to 2002 and the Norwegian Agency of Quality Assurance in Education from 2002 to 2005.

He settled at Frekhaug.

References

1936 births
Living people
People from Meland
20th-century Norwegian historians
University of Bergen alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bergen
Academic staff of the University of Tromsø
Rectors of the University of Tromsø


As with other countries, New Zealand’s 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone gives its fishing industry special fishing rights. It covers 4.1 million square kilometres. This is the sixth largest zone in the world, and is fourteen times the land area of New Zealand.

The New Zealand zone has a rich and unusually complex underwater topography. Over 15,000 marine species are known to live there, about ten percent of the world's diversity. Many of these are migratory species, but New Zealand's isolation means also that many of the marine species are unique to New Zealand.

Statistics
New Zealand's wild fisheries captured 441,000 tonnes and earned over NZ$1 billion in exports in the fishing year 2006/07. The aquaculture of mussels, salmon and oysters earned another $226 million. This made seafood the country’s fifth largest export earner.

There are about two tonnes of fish in the New Zealand fisheries for every New Zealander. Just under ten percent of this stock is harvested each year.
In the fishing year 2006/07, there were 1,316 commercial fishing vessels and 229 processors and licensed fish receivers, employing 7,155 people. About 1.2 million or 31 percent of New Zealanders engage, at least occasionally, in recreational fishing with an annual recreational take of about 25,000 tonnes.

Historical development
Traditionally New Zealand's fishing industry was an inshore one largely confined to the domestic market. From 1938 to 1963, there was a licensing system operating, involving gear and area controls. Starting in the 1960s, the offshore waters, outside the then 12 nautical mile territorial sea, were exploited by Japanese, Taiwanese, South Korean, and Soviet trawlers.

In 1977 the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone was established. These zones were established because countries wanted protection from foreign fishing vessels. Because New Zealand’s territory includes the Chatham Islands and other outer islands, its EEZ is 4.1 million square kilometres, the sixth largest fishing zone in the world.

This was a huge resource, and expectations were high. The inshore fisheries had become over exploited, and the search was on for new offshore fisheries. New Zealand companies embarked on joint ventures with foreign companies. Trawling crews from other nations taught New Zealanders how to fish deep waters and in return got a share of the catch.

By 1980 the consequences of the "Think Big" policy for the fishing industry were becoming very apparent. Mel Courtney, MP for Nelson and convenor of the Opposition fisheries' sub-committee on production and marketing, in asserting "the policy is falling apart", expressed the view of many. "The industry expanded so rapidly it was overcapitalized with too many boats...the inshore fleet expanded and joint venture and duty-free boats exerted further pressure" (Commercial Fishing June 1980 5).

Deep-water trawling is highly mechanised and massive capital investment is normally required to operate modern factory trawlers. These ships process everything caught on board. Even the guts and heads are processed into fishmeal, which is so valuable it is known as "brown gold". Elsewhere, major fisheries, such the northern hemisphere cod fisheries, were collapsing. Fishing companies in New Zealand were able to buy or lease the redundant trawlers cheaply. At the same time, the collapse of northern fisheries resulted in an unmet need in the world market for quality whitefish. Hoki and orange roughy from New Zealand  were in demand.

In 1986 New Zealand became the first country to introduce a property-rights based Quota Management System (QMS) system. There are currently (2008) 129 species which are targeted commercially. There are about 60 species groups with a QMS allowance for customary Māori fishers, with a similar number for recreational fishers. The fisheries are managed through the Fisheries Act 1996, which sets out the rules and regulations and the QMS was administered by the Ministry of Fisheries until April 2012 when it was amalgamated into the Ministry for Primary Industries.

The fishery in the 2000s
By 2000, the industry had developed from being a domestic supplier to exporting over 90 percent of the fish harvest.

Over the ten years between 2008 and 2017, 180,100 km² or 4.4% of the New Zealand's sea floor was fished by the method of bottom trawling. This was 13.0% of the ‘fishable’ seafloor area open to bottom-contacting trawling in waters shallower than 1600 m, and 11% of seafloor area in 0–1600 m depths. More than 90 percent of New Zealand's seafloor (Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone) has never been touched by trawlers.

Fishing grounds

Coastal estuaries dot New Zealand's 15,000 km coastline. Coastal fisheries have access to a large continental shelf, and further afield are large continental rises. Together these relatively shallow fishing grounds occupy about thirty percent of the area of the EEZ. Yet further out in the deep ocean lie undersea mountain ranges and volcanoes, and deep oceanic trenches. The 10,000 metre deep Kermadec Trench is the second deepest trench on Earth.

High seas fishing
The high seas are those areas of ocean that not covered by any country’s Exclusive Economic Zone. New Zealand has international obligations to ensure New Zealand flagged vessels are aligned with proper conservation and management of the high seas fisheries. These are met in Part 6A of the Fisheries Act 1996. These obligations come from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1995 Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement.

Māori role
The Treaty of Waitangi signed in 1840 guaranteed Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, “undisturbed possession” of the fisheries until they chose to dispose of them to the Crown. Breaches of the Treaty were claimed over many years by Māori and included the introduction of the Quota Management System (QMS) in 1986.  A Treaty of Waitangi claim was settled in 1992 that enabled Māori purchase of 50% of Sealord (a major owner of fisheries quota) and a 20%  percent of commercial fishing quota for new species. A settlement of 20% of marine farming space (aquaculture) around New Zealand coasts and harbours was enacted in The Maori Commercial Aquaculture Claims Settlement Act 2004. Te Ohu Kai Moana is implementing this allocation. Māori have now built their commercial stake to the point where they control or influence more than thirty percent of the commercial fisheries.

Timeline

 1790s: Sealers and whalers arrive.
 1875: Seal hunting restricted to a short annual season.
 1894: Protection of fur seal population due to declining numbers.
 1908: the Fisheries Act 1908 is passed
 1977: The Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act is passed.
 1979: Marine Mammals Protection Act came into force.
 1983: Fisheries Act 1983 comes into force (establishes a fishing quota system).
 1986: Quota Management System (QMS) introduced to conserve fish stocks within the Exclusive Economic Zone.
 1989: Māori Fisheries Act is passed.
 1992: Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act
 1996: Fisheries Act 1996 is passed (though parts of it come into force only spasmodically over the next few years).
 2000: Moratorium on new marine farming applications, initially for two years.
 2003: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry for the Environment, and Fonterra sign the Dairying and Clean Streams Accord.
 2004: Moratorium on marine farms lifted after the passage of the Aquaculture Reform (Repeals and Transitional Provisions) Act 2004.
 2005: First criminal conviction for killing a fur seal is handed down.
 2005: Thirty five squid boats ordered to return to port from their sub-Antarctic fishing grounds for breaking a voluntary code of practice designed to protect seabirds.
 2006: The New Zealand fishing industry proposes limits on bottom trawling.
 2006: New Zealand Fisheries officers' request to be allowed to carry batons and pepper spray is denied.
 2007: Great white sharks  given protection within New Zealand's EEZ
 2007: Bottom trawling prohibited in selected areas.
 2007: The orange roughy fishery is closed to allow stocks of the fish to recover.

See also
 Aquaculture in New Zealand
 Agriculture in New Zealand
 Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand

References

Further reading
 de Alessi M (2012) "The Political Economy of Fishing Rights and Claims: The Maori Experience in New Zealand" Journal of Agrarian Change, 12 (2-3): 390–412.
 Gibbs N and Stokes K (2006) Implications of Reallocation: Case Examples From New Zealand Sharing the Fish Conference 06.
 Offshore Options: Managing Environmental Effects in New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone June 2005, Ref. ME603.
 Pinkerton, Matt and Livingston, Mary (2004) Trophic modelling for sustainable New Zealand fisheries Water & Atmosphere, Vol.12, No.2 - June 2004
 Updated Status of New Zealand’s fish stocks Fisheries New Zealand - updated 15 December 2021.
 Towards a Deeper Understanding Deepwater Group Report 2021

External links

 Ministry for Primary Industries - Fisheries New Zealand
 Seafood New Zealand
 Aquaculture New Zealand
 Deepwater Group New Zealand
 Fisheries Inshore New Zealand
 Paua Industry Council New Zealand
 New Zealand Rock Lobster Industry Council
 Maritime New Zealand
 How we manage New Zealand's fisheries sustainably at the Ministry of Primary Industry

News


El Teniente ("The Lieutenant") is an underground copper mine located in the Chilean Andes,  above mean sea level.  It is in the commune of Machalí in Cachapoal Province, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region, near the company town of Sewell. This was established for the workers and their families.

Mining at El Teniente is reported to have started as early as 1819. In the early 20th century, two men from New York, United States set up a mining operation there, starting operations in 1906. Kennecott Copper Corporation, based in Utah, United States, later operated the mine through their subsidiary company. The Chilean government bought a 51% interest in the mine in 1967. Some 15,000 people lived in Sewell at its height as a company town.

In 1971 Chile nationalized copper production under President Salvador Allende and formed the state-owned copper mining company Codelco. This company still operates the mine. Workers began to live in other areas.

With over  of underground drifts, El Teniente is reportedly "the world's biggest underground copper mine", and is the largest of Codelco's operations. Typically more than 5,000 workers were involved in production.

Since 2011, a structural project called New Mine Level (NML) has been underway at El Teniente. It consists of expanding the mine deeper into the hill at 1,880 meters above sea level. The project is being carried out without interrupting the operation of El Teniente Division.

History
According to legend, the El Teniente mine was discovered in the 1800s by a fugitive Spanish official. Exploitation of the resource began in 1819.  The best ore was mined manually in what would be called the Fortuna sector, and transported out of the mine by animal, such as ponies and mules. It was worked until 1897, when the high-grade ore was exhausted.

In 1904 William Braden (an engineer from New York City, United States) and E.W. Nash formed the Braden Copper Company. They built a road for carts and a concentrating plant, which was in operation by 1906.

In June 1910, Guggenheim Exploration took control of the mine and provided financing. In 1916 Braden became a subsidiary company of Kennecott Copper Corporation, which was based in Utah.

Chileans have referred to such large-scale copper mining operations as La Gran Minería del Cobre (a major copper mine). Before nationalization, these operations generated a large proportion of the foreign currency which the country received.

In 1945 there was a disaster at El Teniente mine, resulting in the deaths of 355 men and injury to 747 more. It was the largest mining accident in Chilean and has the highest death toll in world history associated with metal extraction. Some 1,000 miners were down in the pits when the fire started in a nearby warehouse. Dense smoke spread in the underground tunnels. Most of the dead and injured suffered carbon monoxide poisoning. Emergency exits were not well marked. In Chile, this incident is known locally as the Smoke Tragedy ().

In 1967 the Chilean government bought a 51% stake in the mine and founded Sociedad Minería El Teniente. Under this agreement Kennecott built a new concentrator, and the mine expanded production to  per day.

On July 11, 1971, President Salvador Allende ordered the Chilean nationalization of copper, in an effort for the country to gain more benefit from the mines. Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile (known as Codelco) was formed, and El Teniente became a state-owned operation.  The Chilean government paid Kennecott $92.9-million for the property.

The mine increased production to  of ore per day,  and in 2006 the mine produced over  of copper.

The Vancouver, British Columbia-based, Canadian company Amerigo produces both a copper and molybdenum concentrate from El Teniente's tailings. It has been granted the right also to treat higher grade tailings from a large, abandoned tailings impoundment near the El Teniente property.

Geology
The copper ore deposits are those of a typical copper porphyry and associated alteration-mineralization.  These altered zones include chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite and molybdenite as hypogene minerals and chalcocite as a supergene mineral.  The ore body surrounds the Braden Pipe in a continuous ring with a width of 2000 feet.  The pipe is a geologic structure in the shape of an inverted cone, having a surface diameter of 4000 feet, and consisting of post-pipe breccia called the Braden Formation.  The boundary of the pipe is marked by this post-pipe breccia and a pre-pipe breccia forming a belt up to 200 feet wide.  "The Braden Pipe was a center of strong mineralization and structural weakness before the pipe was formed."  Copper mineralization and pipe formation occurred in the Pliocene.  Ore was originally mined from the Fortuna orebody at the southwest quadrant starting in 1906.  Since 1922, the larger Teniente orebody has also been mined on the east side.  "The best grade of ore is found in altered andesite or in andesitic flow breccia adjacent to the pre-pipe breccia."

Mineralization at El Teniente is thought to be indebted to its position at the intersection of two large fault systems. This favoured the rise of magma and the subsequent circulation of mineral-rich fluids.

Labour disruptions
As of 2007 Codelco employed 17,000 direct-hire company employees and 28,000 contract employees across all their operations.  There have been multiple labour disruptions at the El Teniente mine, where about 5,000 workers produce the ore.

1983
In 1983 El Teniente and two other Codelco mines closed when approximately 13,000 workers voted to strike "indefinitely" in protest of a union leader's arrest for calling for an end to military rule in Chile.  In total among the three mines, at least 3,300 workers and 37 labour leaders were fired for participating in the strike.

2008
Contract workers went on strike at Codelco mines in 2008.  El Teniente and two other Codelco mines were closed, El Teniente for the shortest length.  Company employees continued to work; however, striking workers closed access to the mines and threw stones at buses transporting employees from the mine to the town of Rancagua.  At least one employee was injured; he was hit by a metal object thrown by a protester on the highway leading to the mine.

See also
Escondida
Chanarcillo
Los Pelambres mine
Potrerillos, Chile
Chuquicamata
El Salvador mine
Mining in Chile

References

Copper mines in Chile
Mines in O'Higgins Region
Underground mines in Chile


United Nations Security Council Resolution 1637, adopted unanimously on 8 November 2005, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, the Council extended the mandate of the multinational force until the end of 2006.

The resolution was sponsored by Denmark, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom and United States.

Resolution

Observations
Introducing the resolution, the Security Council welcomed the start of a new phase in Iraq and looked forward to the day that the Iraqi forces would be responsible for security, and the mandate of the multinational force in the country could therefore be terminated. It welcomed the commitment of the Iraqi Transitional Government to work towards a democratic nation with respect for political and human rights, and support from the international community. Furthermore, the Council welcomed recent elections and the approval of a new constitution for the country.

The resolution also noted that the government established through the December 2005 elections would be responsible for promoting dialogue and reconciliation in Iraq, and shaping its future. The Council called upon those using violence to lay down their arms and participate in the political process, reaffirming that terrorism would not disrupt Iraq's transition, in accordance with Resolution 1618 (2005). Iraq had requested to retain the presence of the multinational force, established under Resolution 1546 (2004), in order to provide security and humanitarian aid.

Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council extended the mandate of the multinational force in Iraq until 31 December 2006, to be reviewed by 21 June 2006. It could be terminated at any time by the request of Iraq. At the same time, arrangements for depositing proceeds from export sales of petroleum, petroleum products, and natural gas into the Development Fund for Iraq, and its monitoring by the International Advisory and Monitoring Board, were extended until 31 December 2006.

See also
 Iraq War
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1601 to 1700 (2005–2006)
 United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq

References

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 1637
2005 in Iraq
 1637
November 2005 events


Erlend Rian (15 June 1941 – 1 December 2020) was a Norwegian politician who represented the Conservative Party.

He was editor-in-chief of the newspaper Tromsø from 1974 to 1979, and mayor of Tromsø city from 1980 to 1995. From 1984 to 1988 he was the second deputy leader of the Conservative Party nationwide. He left the Conservative Party in 2005, but was involved in Tromsø 2018.

He was the older brother of historian Øystein Rian.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Norwegian newspaper editors
Politicians from Tromsø
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians


Sonia Iovan-Inovan (born 29 September 1935) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympic Games. She is a double Olympic bronze medalist, a bronze world medalist and a multiple European medalist.

References

Living people
Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
1935 births
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
20th-century Romanian women