Operation MB8 was a British Royal Navy operation in the Mediterranean Sea from 4 to 11 November 1940. It was made up of six forces comprising two aircraft carriers, five battleships, 10 cruisers and 30 destroyers, including much of Force H from Gibraltar, protecting four supply convoys.

It consisted of Operation Coat, Operation Crack, Convoy MW 3, Convoy ME 3, Convoy AN 6 and the main element, Battle of Taranto (Operation Judgement).

Operation Coat
Operation Coat was a reinforcement convoy from Britain to Malta, carrying troops and anti-aircraft guns. The convoy was made up of the battleship , heavy cruisers  and  and three escorting destroyers. It was covered by the aircraft carrier , light cruiser  and three more destroyers, all from Force H, out to mid-Mediterranean; three Force H destroyers would remain, the rest turning back  from Sicily.

Convoy MW 3
Convoy MW 3 was made up of three empty merchantmen bound for Malta from Alexandria, plus an Australian destroyer and the monitor  bound for the base at Suda Bay in Crete. The convoy was escorted by the anti-aircraft cruiser , accompanied by three destroyers. The  convoy left Alexandria on 4 November and reached Malta on 10 November.

Convoy ME 3
Convoy ME 3 comprised four merchantmen sailing in ballast from Malta to Alexandria, under escort of the battleship , Coventry, and two destroyers. The convoy sailed from Malta on 10 November and arrived in Alexandria on 13 November.

Convoy AN 6
Convoy AN 6 consisted of four slow tankers bound for Greece from Egypt, in support of the British expedition there, escorted by a slow trawler.

Shaping a similar course were reinforcements for Crete, embarked in the light cruisers  and  as Force B, while Force C, the light cruiser  (Vice Admiral Henry Pridham-Wippell) transported RAF supplies to Greece and inspected Suda Bay. All three would rejoin to form Force X for an 11/12 November raid on the Otranto Strait.

Operation Crack
Operation Crack was an attack on Cagliari by aircraft from Ark Royal, en route to Malta, branching off from Operation Coat.

Operation Judgement

Operation Judgement, under the command of  Admiral Andrew Cunningham, was executed by aircraft from the carrier , escorted by battleships Ramilies, ,  and . They met the heavy cruiser , the light cruiser  and three destroyers, then escorting Convoy MW 3, and provided cover. A rendezvous with the Barham group from Operation Coat was to be met, with Illustrious, Gloucester, York and Berwick detaching to attack Taranto, coincident with the Force X raid.

The Italians were aware of sorties from Alexandria and Gibraltar by 7 November and sent nine submarines to attack a Malta convoy (MW 3) detected on 8 November. Bombers (unsurprisingly) failed even to pinpoint the Judgement force and when Force H was detected headed back toward Gibraltar on 9 November, the Italians presumed MW 3 had turned around, too.

Italian confusion arose when Barham, Berwick, Glasgow and their destroyers were detected 10 November off Lemnos. The correct deduction, they had detached from the Gibraltar-bound force, was not accompanied by a correct guess they would join with Cunningham. The same day, Ramillies, Coventry and two destroyers protecting ME 3 were detected and again, bombers failed even to locate them.

The complexity of Operation MB8, with its various forces and convoys, deceived the Italians into thinking only normal convoying was underway. While Italian reconnaissance was characteristically bad, in the end, the Italians had only failed to keep track of Illustrious. That the Italians expected the British to behave in what was, at the time, their usual way was the root of the mistake.

See also
 Battle of the Mediterranean
 Malta Convoys
 Force H

Notes

References

Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II
MB8
MB8
Naval aviation operations and battles
Conflicts in 1940
1940 in Italy
November 1940 events


Thanasis Kaproulias is an audio artist who creates noise music under the name of Novi_sad.

Life and work

Thanasis Kaproulias was born in Greece in 1980. He graduated from the Economic University of Piraues and lives and works in Athens, Greece.

Thanasis Kaproulias (as "Novi_sad") has worked and collaborated with: Helge Sten (Deathprod, Supersilent), Francisco López, Mika Vainio (Pan Sonic), B. J. Nilsen, Daniel Menche, Zbigniew Karkowski, Richard Chartier, Carl Michael von Hausswolff, Jacob Kirkegaard, Beckie Foon and Scott Konzelmann.

Influenced by the pioneers of audio assault, he began generating sounds in 2005.  In his works, amplified environmental recordings, drone manipulations, structured ambient soundscapes, microtones vs overtones, all come together in a hyperstructure of iconoclastic form.

Novi_sad's artistic output displays a high level of technical ability, as well as a sensitivity to the nuances of location. Every sound that occurs is treated with a sculptural integrity and his sonic power operates on a level in which the audience participates as transcendental listeners.

His approach is similar to the 'cinema pour l'oreille' (cinema for the ear) and in turn would like to ‘donner à voir’ (lead to seeing) by means of sound.

Novi_sad explores sound as sensation pulling apart its physical properties to reveal its relationship with human perception. Some of his projects are primarily focused in architectural acoustics and the relationship between architecture and sound, when other projects are based on various methods of audio analysis in extremely unusual recordings and the use of quantitative and numerical data from different sources.

Thanasis Kaproulias is published by Touch Music.

Novi_sad's albums are available from Sedimental [U.S], Touch [U.K] and Staalplaat [NL]. He has performed his work live in cinemas, industrial spaces, theatres, churches, museums, galleries, squats, in festivals like Mutek [Montreal, Canada], Ultrahung [Budapest, Hungary], Observatori [Valencia, Spain], Gaudeamus Musis Week [Amsterdam, the Netherlands], Field recordings festival [Berlin, Germany], Suoni per il popolo [Montreal, Canada], Full-Pull, [Malmö, Sweden], and in such spaces as VPRO National Radio [Amsterdam, the Netherlands], Diapason Gallery [New York, U.S.A], Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts [Copenhagen, Denmark], Muziekgebouw aan ‘t IJ [Amsterdam, the Netherlands], Fylkingen [Stockholm, Sweden], The Chapel [Seattle, U.S.A].

Selected festivals and performances
2006
20/03    Polytechnic University, Thessaloniki, GR
2007
25/02    Trianon Filmcenter, Athens, GR
25/03    Ultrahung Festival, Budapest, HU
20/05    Videodance Festival, Athens, GR
15/08    Field recordings Festival, Berlin, DE
20/08    Zaa, Berlin, DE
30/11    Lab, Copenhagen, DN
01/12    Theater Terrier, Malmö, SE
04/12    Plex Music Theater, Copenhagen, DN
2008
20/02    VPRO National Radio, Amsterdam, NL
15/03    Silence, aircraft noises and harmonies in pain, Zeppelin, Barcelona, ES
16/05 Hz vs Church at Electromedia Works festival, Athens, GR
20/05    Danish Institute, Athens, GR
22/06    Observatori Festival, Valencia, ES
05/09    Full-Pull Festival, Malmö, SE
18/09    Mir Festival, Athens, GR
2009
23/02    Rex/B92, Belgrade, RS
26/02    Kuda/CK13, Novi Sad, RS
10/03    Silence, aircraft noises and harmonies in pain, SoundLAB, Cologne, DE
21/03    St. Paul's Anglican Church, Athens, GR
28/05    Mutek Festival, Montreal, CA
10/06    Suoni per il popolo Festival, Montreal, CA
12/06    Non event, Boston, U.S.A
16/06    Diapason Gallery, New York, U.S.A
21/06    Pyramid Atlantic Center, Washington, U.S.A
23/06    Empty Bottle, Chicago, U.S.A
25/06    The chapel, Seattle, U.S.A
27/06    The Lab, San Francisco, U.S.A
29/06    Someday Lounge, Portland, U.S.A
05/07    The Pines, Montreal, CA
08/09    Muziekgebouw aan ‘t IJ, Gaudeamus Music Week, Amsterdam, NL
09/09    Steim, Amsterdam, NL
2010
19/02    Hertz Festival, Athens, GR
22/04    Tronic Disease, Madrid, ES
24/04    Sirens, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen, DK
26/04    Raum 18, Berlin, DE
27/04    Fylkingen, Stockholm, SE
28/04    Cave 12, Geneva, CH
14/07    Olympia International Festival, Ancient Olympia, GR
23/07    Interferenze Festival, Bisaccia, IT
02/09    Fad Festival w / The Erasers, Belo Horizonte, BR
03/09    Fad Festival w / The Erasers, Belo Horizonte, BR
2011
29/01    Sirens, Hertz Festival, Athens, GR
18/02    Media Ruimte, Brussels, BE
21/03    Neuroplanets , Rojo Nova, Rio de Janeiro, BR
26/03    A/V collaborative performance, Rojo Nova, Rio de Janeiro, BR
30/03    Sirens, Cabaret Voltaire, Zurich, CH
31/03    Skuc Gallery, Irzu, Ljubljana, SI
02/04    Sirens, Rex/B92, Belgrade, RS
15/04    Sirens, Störung Festival, Barcelona, ES
2012
10/04    MUTEK, Guadalajara, MX
Residencies
11/07     Mamori art Lab, Amazon, BR
09/08     Center for Composers, Gotland, SE
03/11     Rojo Nova, Rio de Janeiro, BR
Projects
03/07 ‘Silence, aircraft noises and harmonies in pain’
11/07 ‘Amazon vs Electricity’
04/08 ‘Hz vs Church’
02/09 ‘Sirens’
Sound design
01/10 ‘Red Book’ video, WWF Greece
04/10 Short movie ‘Casus Belli’, Greece
Participation at the 67th Venice International Film Festival, Italy
Releases
01/07 Everything looks better beside water, Format : mp3 / Label : Desetxea ( ES )
03/07 Misguided heart pulses, a hammer, she and the clock, Format : cd  /  Label : S/R limited edition
03/08 Dramazon, Format : mp3 / Label : Touch ( U.K )
11/08 Jailbirds, Format : cd / Label : Sedimental ( U.S. )
11/09 Mort Aux Vaches, Format : cd / Label : Staalplaat ( NL )
01/11 Inhumane Humans, Format : cd / Label : Sub Rosa ( BE )
Publications
01/09 ‘Hz vs Church’ at Fylkingen's Hz Journal, SE
12/09 ‘On Violence’ at Konteiner/Eleytherotypia, GR

References

External links
http://www.novi-sad.net
http://novi-sad.net/projects/silence-aircraft-noises-and-harmonies-in-pain/
http://novi-sad.net/projects/amazon-vs-electricity/
http://novi-sad.net/projects/hz-vs-church/
https://web.archive.org/web/20110611135401/http://www.vpro.nl/programma/dwars/artikelen/39391690/

Living people
1980 births
Sound artists
Experimental composers
Noise musicians
Male classical composers
20th-century male musicians


Feathersburg is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 1027 feet (313 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Dr. Claire Morton is a fictional character on the television drama Peyton Place. She was portrayed by Mariette Hartley. She appeared in 30 episodes in 1965.

Character history
Claire is the daughter of Dr. Robert Morton (Kent Smith) and his wife Grace (Edith Atwater). She is married to Vincent Markham (Leslie Nielsen), a successful lawyer. She tells her parents she returned to the United States to receive an award in New York City for a paper on tropical medicine. However, she had actually left her husband. She told her parents she would visit them in Peyton Place for a while, but was actually planning on staying there permanently.

Vincent keeps on sending her letters, wondering why she has left him. However, Claire never opens them, explaining she doesn't want to have anything to do with him anymore. She decides to work as a doctor in the local hospital and meets Dr. Michael Rossi (Ed Nelson). She falls in love with him, although he is her father's biggest rival. They start dating and Michael urges her to tell her father she is legally married to Vincent. She had never told him about that, fearing he would be disappointed with her.

Michael pressures her to tell her father she is married. After she does, she announces she wants to divorce Vincent. He later travels to Peyton Place as well and demands to know why she doesn't want to be with him anymore. His health has gone downwards and Dr. Rossi confirms he is suffering from polycythemia and has to go back to Peru immediately. Claire starts feeling guilty about divorcing a dying man and decides not to go forward with it. They eventually reunite and travel back to Peru. They are never heard from again.

Peyton Place characters
Television characters introduced in 1965


Flatwood is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 784 feet. There is an Old African-American School built in the 1920s behind Santa Fe Baptist Church. The school was built by the CEO of Sears and Robuck's(239 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Kabaddi was contested by six teams at the 1998 Asian Games in Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand from December 13 to December 16.

India won the gold medal in a round robin competition by winning all six matches. Pakistan finished second and won the silver medal while Bangladesh finished in bronze medal position.

Schedule

Medalists

Results

Final standing

References
Results

1998 Asian Games events
1998
Asian Games
1998 Asian Games


Gadberry is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 951 feet (290 m).

A post office operated in the community from 1884 to 1858.  Gadberry was named for early settler James Gadberry.

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Jean Samuel Pauly (1766 – c. 1821), born Samuel Johannes Pauli, was a Swiss inventor and gunsmith of the early 19th century. Parish records show that he was baptised in Vechigen near Bern, Switzerland on 13 April 1766, the son of Johann Pauli and Veronika Christine (née Pulfer).

Career

Switzerland
Pauly started working as a carriage builder and mechanic in his father's workshop; he was constantly looking for technical improvements (such as a self-lubricating axle) and also ways to increase the comfort of passengers. He later moved away to settle in nearby Bern in order to sell his inventions to the rich patricians there; a written testimony advertising his own carriages and promoting his technical successes may be seen in the city's trade handbook of 1796.

However, all this ended when, in March 1798, more than 30,000 French soldiers marched on the Zähringerstadt in the medieval area of the city to secure free access to the Alpine passes for Napoleon Bonaparte, and also to rob the legendary Bernese treasury to finance the campaign in Egypt. Pauly was an artillery sergeant in the Swiss Army, and, seeing the superiority of the light and easily mobile guns of the French over the heavy Bernese ones (which required a team of oxen), he went on to design artillery for the new Helvetian army that required just a horse or a few strong men. Whilst fighting in Massena's campaign against the Russians in 1799, he wrote a manual about the usage of firearms.

Many bridges in the new Helvetic Republic had been destroyed during the invasion, and in 1801 Pauly submitted plans to the central government for an elegant arched bridge with great carrying capacity. Those plans were checked and approved, and he even received two hundred francs from the Helvetian State Treasury, but, as the new state was constantly on the brink of bankruptcy, further money never materialised, and, with little demand for new carriages either, Pauly had to look around for a new way of earning his living.

For many years, he had set himself the ambitious goal of creating the world's first human-powered aircraft. The plan of an airship which Pauli drew in the spring of 1802 was in the form of a fish, with an elongated black hull, a vertical red tail fin, and two lateral fins to the left and right of the head to control it; two round, golden-rimmed eyes and a golden mouth gave the vehicle a dream-like and friendly look.

Although the dignitaries of Bern became very enthusiastic about this project, there was still no money to be had from them, so after learning that General Michael Ney in France had donated fifty thousand francs from the French treasury for a similar experiment there, Pauly packed his things and moved to Paris in 1802, never to return.

France
Under the devout sponsorship and patronage of General Ney, he moved into a beautiful apartment in Paris; under the gallicised name of Jean Pauly, he commissioned Aime Bolle, the city's most famous balloon designer, to build an airship for him in accordance with his plans drawn up in Bern. Its maiden voyage on 22 August 1804 in the castle park of Sceaux was, from a technical point of view at least, quite successful, and a year later, on 4 November 1805, at half past three in the afternoon, the Flying Fish rose again. As Pauly told the readers of the Journal de Paris the next day, it sailed from the Tivoli Park in a moderate easterly wind at the speed of a galloping horse to the Champs-Élysées and the Place de la Concorde, where the aeronaut operated his aerial rudder and managed, according to his own words, five or six minutes against the wind to stay in place and to enjoy the thunderous applause of the onlookers. (For the planned return to Tivoli Park, he wrote that, regrettably, he had needed the muscular strength of an additional man, so the Flying Fish drifted west for another eighty kilometers, landing four and a half hours later at dusk, near the Cathedral of Chartres.)

Whilst in Paris, Pauly had maintained contact with the weapon manufacturer of Saint-Étienne; using the title "Colonel Jean Samuel Pauly", he established a gunsmith workshop where he designed an automatic bridge and developed mercury fulminate platina. In 1808, in association with French gunsmith François Prélat, Pauly created the first fully self-contained cartridges; these incorporated a copper base with integrated potassium chlorate primer powder (the major innovation of Pauly), a round bullet and either brass or paper casing. Unlike later cartridges, the case walls didn't provide obturation though there was one at the base, similar to the 1855 Pottet cartridge, as the cartridge was loaded through the breech and fired with a needle or a pin; this needle-activated central-fire breech-loading gun would become a major feature of firearms thereafter, and in 1809 Pauly employed the German Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse who would later become the inventor of the famous Dreyse rifle.

The corresponding firearm was also developed by Pauly, who made an improved version which was protected by a patent on 29 September 1812, and the cartridge was further improved by the French gunsmith Casimir Lefaucheux in 1836.
It is reported that Napoleon himself said of Pauly's weapons: "Inventions that precede their time remain untapped until general knowledge has reached the same level."

When Paris fell to the hands of Coalition forces on 5 April 1814, von Dreyse left for Prussia, but Pauly left for London with the blueprints of his piscine airship in his luggage.

England
He settled in Charlotte Street in the heart of London under the anglicised name of Samuel John Pauly, and planned to continue with his flying project under the sponsorship of Durs Egg (an established businessman, personally known to King George III and the Prince of Wales); on 25 April 1815, the King granted the two Swiss men a licence to build an "aerostatic machine in the shape of a fish or bird" with the aim to have it flying within six months.

A large building (30 metres in length) with the gates opening from the floor to the roof was built near Hyde Park; this was probably the first hangar in the history of aviation. Seamstresses were hired to sew the outer fish-shaped shell of the hydrogen-filled airship in sevenfold layers from the dried intestines of 70,000 oxen; a second, spherical balloon would provide pressure equalization inside the fish. The 10 metre tailfin serving as the helm was made of silk and whalebone, as were the rudders on the left and right. As for the drive, Pauly had learned from his Paris flights that muscle power alone was not enough, so new to his plans was the lightest possible steam engine.

On 16 August 1816, the London Observer reported that the "Flying Dolphin" was almost complete and would soon begin regular air traffic to Paris, with fifteen to twenty passengers a time. The aircraft was the talk of the town and attracted crowds of onlookers who paid a guinea for the right to take a look inside the hangar and to be a spectator on the maiden flight. When Madame Tussaud's wax museum was touring Manchester, a scale model of the Flying Dolphin hung above the entrance. Egg and Pauly announced that, if the weather was calm on maiden flights, they would steer the fish-shaped balloon "in circles around London", but in strong winds they would take a different course but still return to the starting position.

Unfortunately, the maiden flight never took place, but the nature of the difficulties with which the aeronauts struggled is unknown. Over the defeat, these two Swiss airship pioneers came into conflict and their working relationship fell apart.

During this time of working with Egg, Pauly had not forgotten about his revolutionary firearm design, and, while in England, Pauly took out two more patents for modifications to his gun. The first patent was granted on 4 August 1814 and covered a new design of using compressed air to move a needle into the priming compound quickly so the heat from this would then ignite the priming compound or powder; it also detailed a cannon that used a similar ignition design. The second patent was granted on 14 May 1816 and was an improvement on the first, covering the pistol and additional variations of the gun; it also went into much more detail on the cannon.

Pauly fell into poverty and in c.1821, he died in London and his achievements were forgotten for many years.

Marriage and family
Samuel John Pauly married Louisa Eliza Eleanor Atkins in St Mary's Church, Lambeth on 4 July 1816 and their daughter, Mary Louisa Veronica Pauly, was baptised there on 7 December 1817. She married Richard Rowsell (1824-1860) and their descendants include the British Olympic cycling champion Joanna Rowsell

Notes

1766 births
1821 deaths
People from Bern-Mittelland District
Gunsmiths
Ammunition designers
18th-century Swiss inventors


Swoon's Son (February 13, 1953 – 1977) is an American Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse. He was bred and raced by E. Gay Drake, owner of Mineola Stock Farm in Lexington, Kentucky and a charter member of the Thoroughbred Club of America.

Ridden by jockey David Erb in all but one of his twenty-two stakes race wins, Swoon's Son set track records at a sprint distance at Keeneland Race Course in Lexington and in the seven-furlong Warren Wright Memorial Handicap at Chicago's Arlington Park. As well, he set a track record at a distance of around one mile on turf and dirt at Chicago's Washington Park Race Track and at 1 1/8 miles in the Charles W. Bidwill Memorial Handicap at Hawthorne Race Course. He raced for four years from 1955 through 1958 before being retired to stud duty at Mineola Stock Farm in January 1959. Of his offspring, the most famous is the filly Chris Evert who too would become a U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee.

Swoon's Son died at Mineola Stock Farm in 1977 and is buried there in the farm's equine cemetery. In 2007, his racing career was honored with induction in the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.

External links
 Swoon's Son's pedigree and partial racing stats

Pedigree

References

 Swoon's Son at the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame

1953 racehorse births
1977 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Horse racing track record setters
United States Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees
Thoroughbred family 12-b


Pick Up the Pieces is the debut album from Jamaican roots reggae group The Royals, collecting recordings made between 1973 and 1977, and produced by Royals lead vocalist and only constant member Roy Cousins. Musicians on the album include members of The Wailers, Soul Syndicate, The In Crowd, and the Now Generation Band. The album was later licensed to United Artists subsidiary Ballistic Records, and was reissued in an expanded form in 2002 by Pressure Sounds. The songs on the album have been described as "some of the most musically sublime expressions of Rastafarian faith and the hardships of ghetto living Jamaica has produced".

Track listing

Original Magnum (1977) and Ballistic (1978) releases
"Pick Up The Pieces"
"Ghetto Man"
"Jah Jah Knows"
"Sufferer Of The Ghetto"
"If I Were You"
"When You Are Wrong"
"Promised Land"
"Only For A Time"
"Blacker Black"
"Peace And Love"

1980s Tamoki Wambesi release
"Pick Up The Pieces"
"Ghetto Man"
"Jah Jah Knows"
"Sufferer Of The Ghetto"
"If I Were You"
"If You Want Good"
"When You Are Wrong"
"Promised Land"
"Only For A Time"
"Blacker Black"
"Peace And Love"
"Facts Of Life"

2002 Pressure Sounds CD release
"Pick Up The Pieces"
"Ghetto Man"
"Heart In Pain"
"Only Jah Knows"
"Sufferer Of The Ghetto"
"If I Were You"
"When You Are Wrong (Version 1)"
"When You Are Wrong (Version 2)"
"Promised Land"
"Message"
"Only For A Time"
"Genuine Way"
"Blacker Black"
"Peace And Love"
"Facts Of Life"
"If You Want Good"
"Make Believe (Version 1)"
"Make Believe (Version 2)"
"Leave Out Of Babylon"
"Down Comes The Rain"

Personnel
Engineer: Sid Bucknor, King Tubby, Errol Thompson, Ernest Hoo Kim, Dennis Thompson, Karl Pitterson, Carlton Lee
Vocals: Roy Cousins, Errol Wilson, Keith Smith, Berthram Johnson
Drums: Anthony "Ben Bow" Creary, Phil Callendar, Carlton "Santa" Davis, Leroy "Horsemouth" Wallace
Bass: Earl "Bagga" Walker, Robbie Shakespeare, Bertram Johnson, Aston Barrett, George "Fully" Fullwood
Guitar: Geoffrey Chung, Noel "Sewell" Bailey, Lynford "Hux" Brown, Ernest Ranglin, Ranchie McLean, Albert Griffiths, Gits, Earl "Chinna" Smith
Piano: Robert Lynn, Lloyd Charmers, Pablove Black, Bobby Kalphat, Gladstone Anderson, Bernard "Touter" Harvey
Organ: Ossie Hibbert, Ansel Collins, Earl "Wire" Lindo, Winston Wright
Horns: Vin Gordon, Tommy McCook, Bobby Ellis, Richard "Dirty Harry" Hall, Herman Marquis

References

External links
Pressure Sounds page on the 2002 reissue
Review from Reggae-reviews.com

1977 debut albums
The Royals (band) albums


Garlin is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 892 feet (272 m).

History
A post office was established in the community in 1903, and probably named for its first postmaster.

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Lin Baoyi may refer to:

Lin Baoyi (admiral) (1863-1927), Chinese admiral during the warlord era
Bowie Lam (born 1965), Chinese name Lin Baoyi, Hong Kong actor


Glens Fork is an unincorporated community located in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 810 feet (247 m).

Glens Fork is located in a region of limestone, so the land is perforated by many sinkholes and small caves.  Most of the area is a karst landscape, where there is no direct drainage into any streams, but instead the rainfall goes directly into sinkholes.  There are several undeveloped caves in the area, including the Helms Caves which contained American Indian artifacts.

History
This community has been variously known as Glens Fork, Glennsville or Glenville (not to be confused with Glenville in McLean County) and Hardscratch and was named for its location on Glens Fork of Russell Creek, which was in turn named after David Glenn, whose hunting party camped in the vicinity while securing supplies for George Rogers Clark's Illinois Campaigns. Glenn and another hunter, William Stewart, had a cabin here used to store meat for the Harrodstown settlers as early as the fall of 1777. David Glenn was one of Harrod's company of Kentucky Pioneers who founded Harrodsburg in 1774.

The first deed at the Adair County courthouse dates from June 29, 1802 with the post office established on September 2, 1857 and discontinued on July 31, 1863 because of the American Civil War.  The post office was re-established on October 10, 1865, and has been in continuous operation since then.  The name "Hardscratch" may refer to a Civil War campsite where living was hard.

On March 25, 1872, the town of Glenville was established by an act of the Kentucky General Assembly. The town boundaries were established as one-quarter of a mile in every direction from the northeast corner of the Masonic Hall, which was established as the center of town. At some point, the town government was discontinued, and Glens Fork became an unincorporated place again.

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Cold Norton railway station served the village of Cold Norton, Essex. It was opened on 1 October 1889 by the Great Eastern Railway on a single-track branch line (Engineer's Line Reference WFM) from Woodham Ferrers to Maldon East. The station was  from Wickford Junction and had a single platform on the west side of the running line and a passing (goods) loop, a station building, a parcels shed, goods sidings, and a 30-level signal box which was reduced to a ground frame in 1939. The station name was originally Cold Norton for Purleigh and Stow Maries this was later changed to Cold Norton for Latchingdon.

There was a fatal railway accident near Cold Norton in 1899.

The station was closed to passengers in September 1939 but the line remained in use for goods traffic until 1959.

References

External links
 Cold Norton station on navigable 1945 O. S. map
 GER Society webpage containing photograph of the station in 1911

Disused railway stations in Essex
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1889
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1939


The 52nd Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron was part of the Iraq Training and Advisory Mission - Air Force. It operated Cessna and Beechcraft T-6A Texan II aircraft conducting flight training for members of the Iraqi Air Force.   In late 2011, all U.S. forces were withdrawn from Iraq and the squadron was inactivated.

The squadron was first activated in 1940 as the 52nd Bombardment Squadron in the build-up of the United States military prior to the country's entry into World War II.  Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the unit began conducting antisubmarine missions over the Gulf of Mexico.  When the German U-boat threat diminished, it moved to Idaho, where it was a training unit for heavy bomber units and aircrews.  In 1944, the squadron was inactivated when the Army Air Forces reorganized its training activities, but was immediately activated as a very heavy bomber unit.  It deployed to the Pacific, where it earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for attacks on Japan.  Following V-J Day, the squadron remained in the Pacific until inactivating in 1946.

The squadron was active again in 1972 as the 52nd Flying Training Squadron when it absorbed the resources of another unit at Craig Air Force Base, Alabama.  It continued in this role until Craig closed in 1977 as the Air Force demand for pilots diminished following the end of its involvement in Vietnam.  The 52nd was active again at Reese Air Force Base, Texas in the pilot training mission from 1990 to 1997.  It was converted to provisional status in 2007.

History

World War II

Antisubmarine warfare
The squadron was first activated at Langley Field, Virginia, as the 52nd Bombardment Squadron in February 1940, one of the original squadrons of the 29th Bombardment Group. Its organization was part of the pre-World War II buildup of the United States Army Air Corps after the breakout of war in Europe. In May, it moved to MacDill Field, Florida, where it was equipped with a mix of pre-production YB-17s, early model Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses and Douglas B-18 Bolos. The squadron was still at MacDill when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and it began to fly antisubmarine patrol missions in the Gulf of Mexico from January 1942. By the summer of 1942, the U-boat threat in the Gulf began to diminish, with all German submarines being withdrawn from the area by September.

Heavy bomber training

No longer needed in the Gulf, the squadron moved to Gowen Field, Idaho, where it became an Operational Training Unit (OTU). The OTU program involved the use of an oversized parent unit to provide cadres to "satellite groups". The 96th, 381st, 384th and 388th Bombardment Groups were all formed at Gowen in the second half of 1942.

In 1943, the squadron exchanged its B-17s for Consolidated B-24 Liberators. The squadron mission also changed as the Army Air Forces' (AAF) need for new units diminished and its need for replacements increased. The squadron became a Replacement Training Unit (RTU). Like OTUs, RTUs were oversized units, but their mission was to train individual pilots and aircrews. However, standard military units, like the 52nd Squadron, were based on relatively inflexible tables of organization, and were not proving well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, a more functional system was adopted in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. The 29th Bombardment Group and its squadrons (including the 52nd) were inactivated. Its personnel and equipment, along with that of supporting units at Gowen Field were combined into the 212th AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training School, Heavy) on 1 April 1944.

Combat in the Pacific

The AAF was organizing new Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment units, and the squadron was activated the same day at Pratt Army Air Field, Kansas. It briefly returned to flying B-17s until B-29s became available for training. It continued training with the Superfortress until December 1944. Training included long range overwater flights to Borinquen Field, Puerto Rico.

It deployed to North Field, Guam, where it became a component of the 314th Bombardment Wing of XXI Bomber Command. Its first combat mission was an attack on Tokyo on 25 February 1945. Until March 1945, it engaged primarily in daytime high altitude attacks on strategic targets, such as refineries and factories. The campaign against Japan switched that month and the squadron began to conduct low altitude night raids, using incendiaries against area targets. The squadron received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for a 31 March attack against an airfield at Omura, Japan. The squadron earned a second DUC in June for an attack on an industrial area of Shizuoka Prefecture, which included an aircraft factory operated by Mitsubishi and the Chigusa Arsenal.

Staff Sergeant Henry E."Red" Erwin of the squadron was awarded the Medal of Honor for action that saved his B-29 during a mission over Koriyama, Japan, on 12 April 1945. Sgt Erwin was assigned to job of dropping white phosphorus bombs through a launching chute in the floor of his bomber. A bomb exploded in the chute and shot back into the plane, severely wounding Sgt Erwin and filling the plane with heavy smoke. Despite being blinded by the burning bomb, he picked it up, carried it forward to the cockpit area of the plane and threw it out an open window. Once the smoke had cleared, the pilot was able to pull the Superfortress out of a dive and recover at an emergency base.

During Operation Iceberg, the invasion of Okinawa, the squadron was diverted from the strategic campaign against Japanese industry and attacked airfields from which kamikaze attacks were being launched against the landing force. Following VJ Day, the squadron dropped food and supplies to Allied prisoners of war and participated in several show of force missions over Japan. It also conducted reconnaissance flights over Japanese cities. The squadron remained on Guam until it was inactivated in March 1946.

Pilot training

Craig Air Force Base
The 3617th Pilot Training Squadron was organized at Craig Air Force Base, Alabama in February 1956. Like its parent 3615th Pilot Training Wing, it was a Major Command Controlled (MAJCON) unit and could not retain its history once it was discontinued.  In 1972, Air Training Command determined to replace its MAJCON units with permanent, Air Force Controlled units.  In this organizational change, on 1 July 1972, the squadron, now designated the 52d Flying Training Squadron  took over the personnel, equipment and mission of the 3617th, which was simultaneously inactivated.  The squadron conducted the basic portion of Undergraduate Pilot Training with Northrop T-38 Talons.  In the fall of 1977, Craig closed and the squadron was inactivated.

Reese Air Force Base

The squadron was reactivated at Reese Air Force Base, Texas in May 1990, under Air Training Command's five squadron concept, which reassigned student pilots to the wing's flying training units.  Under this organization, It became the second squadron flying T-38s under the 64th Flying Training Wing.  With the implementation of the Objective Wing organization, the squadron became part of the wing's reactivated 64th Operations Group.  With the Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training program limiting instruction in the T-38 to students who would be flying fighter aircraft or bombers, in 1992, the squadron switched to the Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk, training students who would operate tankers and airlift aircraft.  To prepare for this project, Air Education and Training Command organized the Flying Training Squadron, Provisional, 52nd at Reese, which was the first squadron to equip with the Jayhawk.  On 1 October, the provisional squadron was discontinued and transferred its personnel and equipment to the squadron.  Training on the new plane began in January 1993. The 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended that Reese be closed and as operations there were reduced, the squadron inactivated on 1 April 1997.

Expeditionary operations

In 2007, The squadron was converted to provisional status as the 52nd Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron and activated at Kirkuk Air Base, Iraq on  29 March 2007.   Its mission was to train Iraqi airmen and to conduct undergraduate and instructor pilot training for the Iraqi Air Force.  The squadron had established a fixed wing pilot training school by October.  Its initial students, flying Cessna 172s with Iraqi Air Force markings, were both experienced military pilots, many of whom had not flown for years and who would become instructors for new Iraqi Air Force pilots, and new recruits.  Although the USAF had been training experienced Iraqi pilots since 2005, when the Coalition Air Force Training Team was established, the fall of 2007 marked the first training of new pilots.

By the summer of 2008, the squadron was also training with the Cessna 208 Caravan, and increasing the tempo of training.  By October 2008, the first class of new pilots graduated from the fixed wing school operated by the squadron.

In December 2009, the squadron moved to Camp Speicher, at Tikrit, Iraq, transferring its Cessnas to the Iraqi 201st Training Squadron.  At Tikrit, it was located with the Iraqi Air Force College, and began to receive Beechcraft T-6A Texan II aircraft.  The squadron continued its T-6 training program through September 2011, when the program was transferred to the Iraqi Air Force.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 52d Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 22 December 1939
 Activated on 1 February 1940
 Redesignated 52d Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 28 March 1944
 Inactivated on 1 April 1944
 Activated on 1 April 1944
 Inactivated on 20 May 1946
 Redesignated 52d Flying Training Squadron on 22 March 1972
 Activated on 1 July 1972
 Inactivated on 30 September 1977
 Activated on 11 May 1990
 Inactivated on 1 April 1997
 Redesignated 52d Expeditionary Flying Training Squadron and converted to provisional status on 23 March 2007
 Activated on 29 March 2007
 Inactivated 19 December 2011

Assignments
 29th Bombardment Group, 1 February 1940 – 1 April 1944
 29th Bombardment Group, 1 April 1944 – 20 May 1946
 29th Flying Training Wing, 1 July 1972 – 30 September 1977
 64th Flying Training Wing, 11 May 1990
 64th Operations Group, 15 December 1991 – 1 April 1997
 370th Air Expeditionary Advisory Group, 29 March 2007 – 19 December 2011

Stations

 Langley Field, Virginia, 1 February 1940
 MacDill Field, Florida, 21 May 1940
 Gowen Field, Idaho, 25 June 1942 – 1 April 1944
 Pratt Army Air Field, Kansas, 1 April–c. 6 December 1944
 North Field, Guam, Mariana Islands, 17 January 1945 – 20 May 1946

 Craig Air Force Base, Alabama, 1 July 1972 – 30 September 1977
 Reese Air Force Base, Texas, 11 May 1990 – 1 April 1997
 Kirkuk Air Base (FOB Warrior), Iraq, 29 March 2007
 Contingency Operating Base Speicher, Tikrit, Iraq, December 2009 – 19 December 2011)

Aircraft

 Douglas B-18 Bolo (1940–1941)
 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress (1940–1944)
 Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1943–1944)
 Boeing B-29 Superfortress (1944–1946)
 Northrop T-38 Talon (1972–1977, 1990–1992)
 Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk (1992–1997)
 Cessna 172 (2007–2009)
 Cessna 208 Caravan (2008-2009)
 Beechcraft T-6A Texan II (2009–2011)

Awards and Campaigns

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

  (An updated, but abbreviated version of this work is available at A Guide to USAF Lineage and Honors)

External links

  (audio)

0052
Military units and formations established in 1972


Gradyville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 699 feet (213 m).  It was the birthplace of Western Kentucky University basketball coach Edgar Diddle.

History
A post office was established in the community in 1848, and given the name of its first postmaster, William F. Grady.

In February 1882, an Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky was approved that prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages within one mile of Wilmores and Kemp's store-house in Gradyville. The Act imposed a $20 fine for each occurrence of violating the act.

Gradyville suffered a flash flood on June 7, 1907, as the result of a cloudburst that precipitated three inches of rain in an hour.  The sudden downfall caused Big Creek, a normally small and quiet stream that runs through Gradyville, to rise by ten feet and to wash away several houses that were built on the banks of the creek.  The flood resulted in the deaths of 20 Gradyville residents.

Notable people
Edgar Diddle, an American college men's basketball coach, was born near Gradyville in 1895 and was a Gradyville native.

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


The 1989–90 New York Knicks season was the 44th season for the Knicks in the National Basketball Association. Before the season, owners Gulf+Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications, renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio.

During the off-season, the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach; Jackson previously worked as an assistant coach for the Knicks. The team got off to a solid start, winning 20 of their first 27 games, while posting a nine-game winning streak, and holding a 32–16 record at the All-Star break. At midseason, the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs in exchange for All-Star guard Maurice Cheeks. However, as they stood at a 39–22 record, they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games. The Knicks had a 45–37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division. The Knicks' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA playoffs for the third straight year.

Patrick Ewing averaged 28.6 points, 10.9 rebounds and 4.0 blocks per game, and was named to the All-NBA First Team, selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game, and finished in fifth place in Most Valuable Player voting. In addition, Charles Oakley averaged 14.6 points and 11.9 rebounds per game, while Gerald Wilkins provided the team with 14.5 points per game, and Johnny Newman contributed 12.9 points per game. Kiki Vandeweghe provided with 11.7 points per game, and Mark Jackson averaged 9.9 points, 7.4 assists and 1.3 steals per game.

In the first round of the Eastern Conference playoffs, New York trailed 0–2 to Larry Bird and the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics, suffering a 157–128 road loss in Game 2, but managed to win the next three games and the series. The Knicks were then eliminated in the Eastern Conference Semi-finals by the defending champion Detroit Pistons in five games. The Pistons would go on to defeat the Portland Trail Blazers in five games in the NBA Finals, winning their second consecutive championship. Following the season, Newman signed as a free agent with the Charlotte Hornets.

For the season, the Knicks slightly changed their primary logo, changing the color of the basketball under the team name from brown to orange. The logo remained in use until 1992.

Draft picks

Roster

Regular season

Season standings

z – clinched division title
y – clinched division title
x – clinched playoff spot

Record vs. opponents

Game log

Playoffs

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| April 26
| @ Boston
| L 105–116
| Patrick Ewing (22)
| Patrick Ewing (9)
| Maurice Cheeks (9)
| Boston Garden14,890
| 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| April 28
| @ Boston
| L 128–157
| Patrick Ewing (28)
| Charles Oakley (9)
| Gerald Wilkins (7)
| Boston Garden14,890
| 0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| May 2
| Boston
| W 102–99
| Patrick Ewing (33)
| Patrick Ewing (19)
| Maurice Cheeks (11)
| Madison Square Garden18,212
| 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| May 4
| Boston
| W 135–108
| Patrick Ewing (44)
| Patrick Ewing (13)
| Maurice Cheeks (12)
| Madison Square Garden18,212
| 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5
| May 6
| @ Boston
| W 121–114
| Patrick Ewing (31)
| Charles Oakley (17)
| Patrick Ewing (10)
| Boston Garden14,890
| 3–2
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| May 8
| @ Detroit
| L 77–112
| Patrick Ewing (19)
| Eddie Lee Wilkins (8)
| Maurice Cheeks (6)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills21,454
| 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| May 10
| @ Detroit
| L 97–104
| Gerald Wilkins (24)
| Charles Oakley (15)
| Maurice Cheeks (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills21,454
| 0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| May 12
| Detroit
| W 111–103
| Patrick Ewing (45)
| Charles Oakley (20)
| Maurice Cheeks (12)
| Madison Square Garden18,212
| 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4
| May 13
| Detroit
| L 90–102
| Patrick Ewing (30)
| Charles Oakley (14)
| Cheeks, Jackson (6)
| Madison Square Garden18,212
| 1–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 5
| May 15
| @ Detroit
| L 84–95
| Patrick Ewing (22)
| Patrick Ewing (14)
| Maurice Cheeks (9)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills21,454
| 1–4
|-

Player statistics

NOTE: Please write the player statistics in alphabetical order by last name.

Season

Playoffs

Awards and records
Patrick Ewing, All-NBA First Team

Transactions

References

External links
1989–90 New York Knickerbockers Statistics

New York Knicks
New York Knicks
New York Knicks seasons
New York Knicks
1980s in Manhattan
1990s in Manhattan
Madison Square Garden


Holmes is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 853 feet (260 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


David Erb (November 28, 1923 – November 22, 2019) was an American jockey and trainer in Thoroughbred horse racing. He started riding as a young farm boy and began his professional riding career in 1938, competing at tracks in his native Nebraska. He got his first win at Oaklawn Park Race Track in Hot Springs, Arkansas.

Born in Grand Island, Nebraska, as boy David Erb's family moved to a farm at York, Nebraska. He had his first introduction to horse racing at a Nebraska State Fair which triggered a desire to become a jockey and at age fifteen he rode competitively for the first time at a bush track in Clay Center, Nebraska.

In the June 18, 1955 Californian Stakes at Hollywood Park Racetrack, Dave Erb was the substitute rider for the suspended Bill Shoemaker aboard  Swaps. Erb piloted the three-year-old colt to a world record time of 1:40 2/5 for a mile and a sixteenth on dirt. That same year, Dave Erb became the regular jockey for future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Swoon's Son. Ridden by Erb in all but one of his twenty-two career stakes race wins, they competed primarily at tracks in Chicago and Kentucky.

In 1956 Erb won the most important races of his career aboard the future Hall of Fame colt, Needles. After winning the Flamingo Stakes and the Florida Derby, Erb and Needles narrowly missed winning the American Triple Crown. They won the Kentucky Derby, finished second to Fabius in the Preakness Stakes, then won the Belmont Stakes.

After retiring as a jockey in 1960, Dave Erb trained horses. In 1963, he enjoyed great success with the colt Hurry to Market who was voted American Co-Champion Two-Year-Old Colt.

David Erb retired from the industry in 1988. He and wife, Lenni, settled on a small farm near Greenfield Center, New York. In 2008, Dave Erb became the 29th jockey to add his handprint and signature in cement to the "Gallup to Glory" display at the Galt House hotel in Louisville, Kentucky.

Erb was a contestat on the TV game show To Tell the Truth on February 26, 1957.

In September 2019, Erb, then aged 95 and suffering from dementia went missing and an alert was sent out to the general public. He was later found safe. However, he died two months later, a week shy of this 96th birthday.

References

1923 births
2019 deaths
American horse trainers
American jockeys
People from Grand Island, Nebraska


Inroad is an unincorporated community in Adair County, Kentucky, United States.  Its elevation is 630 feet (192 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in Adair County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


From September 8 to 14, 2004, Hurricane Ivan moved through the Caribbean Sea, affecting all of the Greater Antilles. Reaching peak winds of , Ivan attained Category 5 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, the strongest possible category, on three times in the Caribbean. It first lashed the southern coasts of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola with high waves, killing five people in the Dominican Republic and Haiti; in the latter country, two others drowned due to storm flooding. The effects in Jamaica were among the worst from a tropical cyclone in the island's recorded history. The storm caused severe damage which left 18,000 people homeless. An estimated 17 people on the island were killed by Ivan.

Preparations
On September 8, Hurricane Ivan crossed Grenada into the eastern Caribbean Sea. It vacillated in intensity, ultimately reaching peak winds of , which is a Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. That day, a tropical storm watch was issued for the southern Dominican Republic from Santo Domingo to the country's border with Haiti. A hurricane watch also issued for the southern Haiti coastline, as well as for Jamaica. On September 9, a hurricane warning was issued for Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, a tropical storm warning was issued for western Haiti, and a hurricane watch was issued for southwestern Dominican Republic. Hurricane Ivan passed just south of Jamaica on September 11 and just south of the Cayman Islands on the next day. By September 11, all of western Cuba, including Isla de la Juventud, was under a hurricane warning, and Ivan passed just southwest of the western tip of Cuba on September 14.

The World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization distributed four emergency kits to southern Haiti due to Ivan's threat, capable of covering basic needs for 10,000 people each. One flight from Port-au-Prince to Miami was canceled because of the storm, and shelters were opened in Nippes, housing 4,000 people.

About 500,000 Jamaicans were told to evacuate from coastal areas. Jamaican Prime Minister P.J. Patterson declared a public emergency, saying that the nation had to "prepare for the worst-case scenario". Schools and churches were converted into shelters, and the national blood bank requested residents to donate blood, in anticipation of potential injuries. By September 10, over 1,000 individual shelters were set up throughout the country.  The Jamaican Government urged off-duty corrections officers to report to work. Air Jamaica canceled all flights to and from the island, as well as inter-island flights; aircraft were transported to the United States until the storm passed. The Mennonite Central Committee designated the equivalence of US$20,000 for assisting with potential damage. Businesses in Kingston were closed, and fishermen secured their boats to trees. Workers boarded up windows, and grocery stores remained open later than normal to allow for residents to purchase supplies.

Officials in the Cayman Islands coordinated the distribution of information about Ivan with the media, the Meteorological Service, and the National Hurricane Committee of the Cayman. As a result, people evacuated the territory or sought refuge in emergency shelters. Cuban media broadcast weather bulletins directly from the Cuban National Forecasting Centre. President Fidel Castro appeared in TV programming about the storm. Nationwide, 2,266,068 people evacuated due to the threat from Hurricane Ivan, about 60% of whom to the houses of relatives. The extensive preparations was credited for the zero death toll during the hurricane.

Puerto Rico and Hispaniola
On September 8, Hurricane Ivan bypassed Puerto Rico about  to the south. It generated high waves that washed rocks and debris ashore southern Puerto Rico near Salinas. A portion of Highway 109 was closed for 12 hours at Las Ochenta due to debris. Along the southern coast of the Dominican Republic, high waves killed four people. Strong surf also affected the southern coast of Haiti, causing damage to the port and wrecking three houses at Jacmel. High waves killed one person, while two people drowned in floodwaters after refusing to evacuate their house. Heavy storm rainfall, which reached  at Les Cayes, flooded irrigation channels along the Artibonite River in Haiti. Throughout Haiti, Ivan damaged or destroyed the houses of 2,500 people, mostly on the Tiburon Peninsula.

Jamaica
On September 11 and into the following day, the center of Ivan passed just  south of Portland Point – the southernmost point in Jamaica. The storm turned westward before affecting the island, and an eyewall replacement cycle weakened the intensity slightly, keeping the strongest Category 4 winds offshore. On Pedro Bank, located southwest of Jamaica, an anemometer recorded winds of  averaged over ten minutes, before the instrument stopped reporting. Doppler weather radar suggested winds of  in Jamaica's mountainous peaks. Ivan dropped torrential rainfall across the island that damaged rain gauges in southern Jamaica. The highest total was  in Ritchies, located in northwestern Clarendon Parish.

Throughout Jamaica, Hurricane Ivan killed 17 people and left $575 million in damage. Hurricane-force winds affected the entire island, while heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and flooding. The storm destroyed 5,600 houses and damaged another 41,400, and most of the island's utilities were damaged.

The storm was described as one of the most intense hurricanes in Jamaica's recorded history. Ivan caused severe damage, damaging and destroying houses, and triggering mudslides that washed out roads. In Kingston, the winds downed trees and poles and caused flooding. In Montego Bay, the Barnett River overflowed its banks; businesses were flooded with up to  of water. Roads suffered flooding, and part of the A1 Road, the primary northern coastal highway, was washed away. Along the coast,  were reported, and in Kingston, several large trees were brought down. Tiles on the Jamaica Pegasus Hotel were blown off and broken, and waves flooded a causeway to an airport near Kingston that was closed and evacuated.

Due to a shift Ivan's track, the capital city of Kingston was spared from extreme damage. However, flooding in the city was deemed a "major catastrophe". Some roads throughout the region were left impassible due to downed trees and utility poles. The majority of tourism and resort areas suffered "mainly cosmetic damage and all structures remained primarily intact". In the aftermath of the storm, looters were reported roaming the streets of Jamaica's capital city, Kingston, robbing emergency workers at gunpoint. Overall, Ivan left 18,000 people homeless as a result of the flood waters and high winds.

Cayman Islands
As a Category 5 hurricane, Ivan passed just  southwest of George Town, the capital of the Cayman Islands, on September 12. Sustained winds there reached , with gusts to . The  storm surge, in addition to waves  waves, submerged nearly all of Grand Cayman, except for the extreme northeastern portion of the island. Owen Roberts International Airport and several homes were inundated by the floodwaters from the surge. Rainfall also reached  on Grand Cayman. On Cayman Brac to the northeast of Grand Cayman, Ivan produced wind gusts of  and  of rainfall.

During the storm, meteorologists from Jamaica used satellite telephones to take over issuing warnings for the Cayman Islands, after the archipelago was severely damaged. The extensive storm preparations was credited with a low death toll of two people, despite the intense winds and flooding. Damage in the territory was estimated at $3.5 billion. Despite building codes similar to southern Florida, the strong winds damaged or destroyed 95% of buildings.

Cuba

Although the center of Ivan had pass through the Yucatán Channel as a Category 5 hurricane, its core approached within  of Cape San Antonio, the westernmost point of Cuba, which briefly experienced the edge of the eyewall. A station there recorded sustained winds of , with gusts to , before the instrument failed; peak gusts at the location were estimated at . Winds of major hurricane-force, reaching over , occurred about  from the westernmost point in Cuba, which is where the heaviest damage occurred. Hurricane-force spread  east of Cape San Antonio across western Pinar del Río Province, affecting the municipalities of Sandino and Mantua. Tropical storm-force winds extended  from Cape San Antonio into Artemisa Province and Isla de la Juventud, lasting 47 hours at the latter location while the hurricane passed  to the southwest. A  storm surge washed ashore the southern coast, causing flooding along the coast and in low-lying areas. The surge first affected Granma and Santiago de Cuba provinces while Ivan was south of Jamaica. The offshore island of Cayo Largo del Sur recorded  during the storm. During Ivan, rainfall reached  in Isabel Rubio, and several areas recorded over .

Throughout Cuba, Hurricane Ivan left $1.223 billion in damage, but no deaths. The storm caused widespread damage to crops, power systems, and homes. In Santiago de Cuba in the eastern portion of the country, heavy rainfall caused landslides. In western Pinar del Río Province, Ivan's strong winds shredded the roofs of several homes. The heavy rainfall flooded houses and farms, causing mudslides that cut off two houses.

See also

Hurricane Allen – powerful storm that traversed the Caribbean Sea
Effects of Hurricane Dean in the Greater Antilles – effects from a similarly powerful hurricane in 2007

References

Lesser Antilles
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
Ivan
2004 in Jamaica
Ivan
Ivan Greater Antilles


The structure of the Pakistan Army is based on two distinct themes: operational and administrative. Operationally the Pakistan Army is divided into nine corps and three corps-level formations with areas of responsibility (AOR) ranging from the mountainous regions of the north to the desert and coastal regions of the south. Administratively it is divided in several regiments (details below). The General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Army is located in Rawalpindi in Punjab province. It is planned to be moved to the capital city of Islamabad nearby.

Army headquarters and staff

The Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), formerly called the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C of the Pakistan Army), is challenged with the responsibility of commanding the Pakistan Army. The COAS operates from army headquarters in Rawalpindi, near Islamabad. The Principal Staff Officers (PSO's) assisting him in his duties at the lieutenant general level include:

The Military Operations and Intelligence Directorates function under the Chief of General Staff (CGS). A major reorganization in GHQ was done in September 2008 under General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, when two new PSO positions were introduced: the Inspector General Arms and the Inspector General Communications and IT, thus raising the number of PSO's to eight.

The headquarters function also includes the Judge Advocate General (JAG), and the Controller of Civilian Personnel, the Chief of the Corps of Engineers (E-in-C) who is also head of Military Engineering Service (MES), all of them also report to the Chief of the Army Staff.

Operational structure

Hierarchy

Corps
There are nine corps (each including an independent signals brigade) and three corps-level formations (Air Defence
Aviation and Strategic Forces).

Former formations
Eastern Command was a Corps level formation in the former East Pakistan consisting of 9, 14 and 16 Infantry Divisions, these three divisions were re-raised after the 1971 war and still exist today.

36 adhoc Div. and 39 adhoc Div. were raised to command the Paramilitary troops and a few loyal battalions. Were later reinforced with a couple of other battalions each. They were not re-raised after the war.

Administrative structure
The Pakistan Army is organised in two main ways, which are Arms and Services.

Regiments

Notes

References

Pakistan Army


Wik Jongsma (4 April 1943 – 7 November 2008) was a Dutch film and television actor.

Early life
He was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Career
Jongsma appeared in various television productions between 1976 and 2005, including appearing as Govert Harmsen in 82 episodes (1991–2005) of the soap-opera television series Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden (in English language — Good Times, Bad Times).

He also appeared in two films.

Filmography

Death
Jongsma died in The Hague, Netherlands, age 65, after a long battle with prostate cancer.

Notes

External links

1943 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Dutch male television actors
Male actors from Amsterdam
Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands
20th-century Dutch people


Canelas is one of the 39 municipalities of Durango, in north-western Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Canelas. The municipality covers an area of 683.4 km².

, the municipality had a total population of 4,683.
It is located in the Sierra Madre Occidental.

Settlements
Canelas has some 70 small villages and ranches. Some of these locations have sawmills and produce wood. This region of Durango has a variety of minerals. These two natural resources provide many people with jobs in Canelas.

References

Municipalities of Durango


Iorwerth Isaac (12 October 1911 – 25 April 1966) commonly known as Iorrie Isaac, was a Welsh dual-code international rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s. He played representative rugby union (RU) for Wales, and at club level for Pontypridd and Cardiff, as a flanker, i.e. number 6 or 7, and representative rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for Leeds, as a , or , i.e. number 8 or 10, or, 11 or 12, during the era of contested scrums.

Rugby career
Isaac was first selected for Wales in their opening game of the 1933 Home Nations Championship. The match was against England at their national stadium, Twickenham. Wales had failed to win at the ground in their first nine attempts, and the Welsh failure at the ground was known as the 'Twickenham bogey'. Isaac was placed at open-side flanker, opposite the veteran Tom Arthur who was positioned on the blind side. Isaac, along with Turnbull, and Arthur, continually spoiled the English scrum. When Isaac caused the English half-backs to loose the loose maul, Watcyn Thomas heeled the ball back for Wooller, and then Davey to feed Ronnie Boon who scored a Welsh try. The game ended 7–3, with all the Welsh points scored by Boon, who had also placed a drop goal. Isaacs played just one more international game in the very next match of the Home Nations Championship against Scotland at St. Helens, his international career identical to that of Raymond Bark-Jones.

At the start of the 1933/34 season Isaac left rugby union behind when he 'Went North' switching to the professional rugby league game, joining Leeds RLFC.

International matches played
Wales
  1933
  1933

International Rugby League honours
Isaac won caps for Wales (RL) while at Leeds in 1933 against Australia, and 1935 against France.

Bibliography

References

External links
(archived by web.archive.org) Pontypridd RFC player profile

1911 births
1966 deaths
Cardiff RFC players
Cilfynydd RFC players
Dual-code rugby internationals
Glamorgan Police RFC players
Glamorgan Police officers
Leeds Rhinos players
Penarth RFC players
Pontypridd RFC players
Rugby league players from Rhondda Cynon Taf
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union players from Cilfynydd
Wales international rugby union players
Wales national rugby league team players
Welsh police officers
Welsh rugby league players
Welsh rugby union players


{|

{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=Canada
|Ship flag=
|Ship name=Klahowya (CAN #126946)
|Ship owner=Columbia River Lumber Company
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=Golden, BC
|Ship route=Inland British Columbia on Columbia River
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=Frank P. Armstrong or George Rury<ref name = McCurdy>McCurdy, H.W., ed., H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest, at 174, Superior Publishing, Seattle, WA 1966</ref>
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=1910 at Golden, BC
|Ship built=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=1910
|Ship out of service=1915
|Ship identification=
|Ship fate=Removed from service
|Ship notes=
}}

|}Klahowya was a sternwheel steamer that operated in British Columbia on the Columbia River from 1910 to 1915.  The name "Klahowya" is the standard greeting in the Chinook Jargon.

Design and constructionKlahowya was built at Golden, BC.Klahowyas engines came from Isabella McCormack which had been converted into a houseboat.  Klahowya was built by Capt. Frank P. Armstrong (another source gives George Rury as the builder), with the capacity to carry 100 passengers.  Armstrong built Klahowya  in an unusual way.  When the Columbia River was frozen, Armstrong built the vessel on a set of shipways constructed directly on the ice.  When the boat was finished, Armstrong cut around the outline of the vessel in the ice, and the boat settled into the water.

Two sources state Klahowya was built for the Columbia River Lumber Company, while another source states Klahowya was intended for the increasing tourist trade in the Golden region.  Multiple use steamboats were common, and use for lumbering would not have been necessarily inconsistent with tourist applications.

OperationsKlahowya operated on the Columbia River from Golden to Columbia Lake.  The period of reported operations was brief, from 1910 to 1915.
It is possible that Canada's participation in World War I starting in 1914 helped shorten Klahowya's career.  A number of steamboats in other areas of inland British Columbia had been built to cater to tourism, which was badly affected by war.  Mobilization of men also depressed local businesses such as lumbering, which depended upon their labor.  Captain Armstrong himself went overseas during World War I to supervise steamboat operations in war zones in the Middle East.

Removal from serviceKlahowya is reported to have been withdrawn from service in 1915.

Notes

Further reading

 Faber, Jim, Steamer's Wake—Voyaging down the old marine highways of Puget Sound, British Columbia, and the Columbia River, Enetai Press, Seattle, WA 1985
 Timmen, Fritz, Blow for the Landing'', Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1972

Paddle steamers of British Columbia
Steamboats of the Columbia River
Columbia Valley
1910 ships


Parichha Dam, built on the Betwa River near Parichha town, which is about 25 km from Jhansi on the Jhansi-Kanpur National Highway No. 25.  Its reservoir is used by the Parichha Thermal Power Station for electricity generation. The reservoir's impounded water that runs to Notghat Bridge, 34 km away from Jhansi - is popular for water sports.

Jhansi is regarded as the "gateway of Bundelkhand area of Uttar Pradesh". The dam, due to its scenery and facility for water sports, has become a tourist spot. The best time to come here is from November to March.

Construction
Parichha Dam was constructed during the British reign between 1881 and 1886. The dam is 1174.69 meters long and 16.77 meters high.

The dam was built mainly for irrigation purpose and for producing hydro electricity. The dam is the major source of drinking water and irrigation in the area of Bundelkhand, as this part of Uttar Pradesh faces severe water crisis.

Economy
Parichha Thermal Power Station is a coal plant, fully operational and featuring six units. Its total capacity is 1140 MWe. It operates under Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd.

Location
Jhansi is connected to main cities of India through rail, road, rail and air. The nearest airport is in Gwalior.

See also
 Parichha Thermal Power Station

References

Betwa River
Dams in Uttar Pradesh
Tourist attractions in Jhansi district
Year of establishment missing


Coneto de Comonfort is one of the 39 municipalities of Durango, in north-western Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Coneto de Comonfort. The municipality covers an area of 1324.9 km². As of 2015, the municipality had a total population of 4,390. The town of Coneto de Comonfort has a population of 858. Other than the town of Coneto de Comonfort, the municipality had 64 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 population in parentheses) was: Nogales (1,117), classified as rural.

References

Municipalities of Durango


Marshall Fine (born November 7, 1950) is an American author, journalist, filmmaker and film critic from Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Early life
Fine grew up in Richfield, Minnesota, a Minneapolis suburb, until he was 13. His family subsequently moved to St. Louis Park, Minnesota, another Minneapolis suburb.

Career
Fine began his career as a critic at 18, writing reviews of rock concerts and albums for the Minneapolis Star while a freshman at the University of Minnesota. He worked in newspapers from 1973-2004, at papers in Durango, Colo.; Lawrence, Kan.; Jackson, Miss.; Sioux Falls, S.D.; Rochester, NY; Marin County, Calif.; and Westchester County, NY. He subsequently served as film/TV critic for Star magazine from 2004-2016, before retiring from reviewing.

He conducted the Playboy Interview with Howard Stern and Tim Robbins for Playboy Magazine.

Fine directed a documentary short, "Flo Fox's Dicthology," that was selected for the Woodstock and Amsterdam film festivals in 2002. His documentary feature, "Do You Sleep in the Nude?," about film critic Rex Reed, was selected for the Hamptons Film Festival (2007) and the South by Southwest Film Festival (2008). His documentary, "Robert Klein Still Can't Stop His Leg," about comedian Robert Klein, had its debut at the 2016 South by Southwest Film Festival and subsequently played at Tribeca and the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival. It premiered on the Starz network in March 2017 and is currently unavailable because of The Weinstein Co. bankruptcy. He directed the New York Film Critics Circle's 2020 awards video.

He is the author of three biographies: "Bloody Sam: The Life and Films of Sam Peckinpah" (1991); "Harvey Keitel: The Art of Darkness" (1997); and "Accidental Genius: How John Cassavetes Invented the Independent Film" (2006).

Fine is a four-time former chairman of the New York Film Critics Circle: 1992, 2002, 2006 and 2015. He was named general manager of the NYFCC in 2016 and retired from the position in 2021. He received a special award from the group in 2022 for "service to the group and his many decades on the New York film scene."

As a contributing editor for Cigar Aficionado magazine, he has written more than 40 cover stories since 2009. Among his cover story subjects were Jay-Z, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Brad Paisley, Sylvester Stallone, Sean Combs, Jeff Bridges, Stanley Tucci and Jeremy Irons.

He helped create and hosted the Journal-News Film Club at the Jacob Burns Film Center in Pleasantville, NY, from 2001-2004. Fine subsequently created, produced and hosted the Emelin Film Club at the Emelin Theater in Mamaroneck, NY, from 2005-2014. He hosted the Thalia Film Club at Symphony Space on Manhattan's Upper West Side from 2010-14.

He was named critic-in-residence at The Picture House Regional Film Center in Pelham, NY, in 2014, where he produced and hosted The Picture House Film Club until his retirement in May 2021. From March 2020, the film club moved online because of the coronavirus pandemic. Prior to his retirement, he hosted screenings of more than 400 films at the four venues. He received the Harold Lloyd Lifetime Achievement Award from The Picture House in 2021.

He served as an adjunct professor of journalism at Purchase College, SUNY, for the 2020-21 academic year.

An exhibit of his photography, "Natural & Unnatural," was shown at the Ossining Public Library Gallery in January 2023.

His novel, "The Autumn of Ruth Winters," will be published by Lake Union Press in November 2024.

On July 16, 2012, he provoked anger when he posted the first negative review of The Dark Knight Rises. His review was posted on review site Rotten Tomatoes and within minutes, started receiving hateful comments and death threats. Rotten Tomatoes had to remove the link to his review and temporarily disable comments on reviews for the movie. When asked about the situation in an interview, he said "It's part of the job."

He is a founding member of Westchester Collaborative Theater, and wrote several plays – one-act and full-length – produced by the company.

Bibliography
 Bloody Sam: The Life and Films of Sam Peckinpah (1991)
 Harvey Keitel: The Art of Darkness (1997)
 Accidental Genius: How John Cassavetes Invented the American Independent Film (2005)

References

External links

1950 births
American biographers
American male biographers
American film critics
Living people


"Lovin' U" is the eighth single by melody. under the Toy's Factory label released November 8, 2006. The single stayed on the Oricon for 3 weeks and peaked at number 16. To date, the single has sold 15,434 copies.

Track listing
 Lovin' U (4:33)
 Our Journey (4:26)
 Feel the Rush (4:29)
 Feel the Rush (Junkie XL Remix) (4:46)

2006 singles
2006 songs
Melody (Japanese singer) songs
Toy's Factory singles


Meanwood Valley Urban Farm is a city farm established in 1980 in Meanwood, Leeds, England, which has animals and crops and an environmentally friendly visitors centre. The farm is on Meanwood Beck and occupies . The main entrance is on Sugarwell Road.

Activities
It demonstrates a variety of wildlife habitats, organic farming and sustainability over  to members of the public, and introduces schoolchildren to various aspects of farming and the environment. The Farm also provides educational services to disadvantaged young people and adults with learning difficulties.  It provides locally grown food and allotments for the community. There is a social enterprise coffee shop where profits go to the community, and which provides a meeting place for local communities and work experience and training.

The animals farmed include Dexter cattle, sheep (Whitefaced Woodland Ryeland), alpacas, goats, several breeds of pig, chickens and ducks. There are also guinea pigs and rabbits in the small animals area and two donkeys. Honey is produced from beehives kept on the farm and the moors.

A Recycled Bike Project takes cycles from Meanwood Household Waste Site and donated by West Yorkshire Police, which are rebuilt by young people, teaching them mechanical skills.  The final bicycles are then donates to trainees or unemployed people to aid commuting.  Ten have been sent to Romania for Medicare Nurses to visit their patients.

History
It was established in 1980 as a charity run by volunteers with £5,000 from Leeds City Council, initially with one caravan (later two) as the only accommodation,   and was formally opened in July 1981 by the Lord Mayor of Leeds.

By 1986 there was a hut, and in 1999, having raised half a million pounds, a timber frame building called the Epicentre was opened as a resource for the farm and the local community, with offices, education and meeting rooms. Further fundraising produced donations of a similar sum to enable expansion, with new animal buildings in 2004.

Epicentre

The main building provides administrative rooms for the farm, and meeting rooms for local groups.  It is an example of Walter Segal system of self-build construction which is environmentally-friendly in its use of materials and energy. It is a low-energy building using the principle of solar gain; it has a turf roof and uses a reed bed drainage treatment system. It was officially opened by the Environment Secretary, Michael Meacher and was also visited by Prince Charles in 2002.

Recognition
It was commended by Prince Charles. Its Director, Sue Reddington, received an MBE for her work with the farm in the 2000 New Year Honours  and one of its first volunteers, Robert Collins, received the same in the 2013 New Year Honours.

References

External links

Meanwood Valley Urban Farm at Visit Leeds website

Meanwood
Urban agriculture
Low-energy building in the United Kingdom
City farms in England


The Matatila Dam is a dam in district Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, that was built in 1958 on the Betwa River. Situated 50 km from Jhansi and 93 km away from Deogarh, this earthen dam is 35 m high. The dam has 23 Spillway gates. The catchment area is around 20 km2 with a maximum storage capacity of 1132 million cubic metres.

The dam is popular among tourists. Water sports facilities are also available. The best period to visit this place is from September to May. It connects Jhansi to Babina route.

The dam generates about 45 MW of power.

Nearest railway stations are at Matatila, Talbahat (10 km) and Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh (40 km).

Construction
It is believed that, before the dam's construction, there was a seat of “Mata Sharda” on top of the hill. People worshipped the hill. Later, the hill was renamed as Matatila. “Mata” is for Goddess Sharda and “tila” means “top.” When the dam was constructed here it was given the same name, Matatila Dam.

Matatila Dam was built in 1958. It is an earthen dam with a height of 35 meters.

Power Station of the dam is located at the left bank of the River Betwa. The river originates from Bhopal and passes through the outskirts of Jhansi, forming a border line of the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Then, it flows mostly in Uttar Pradesh. Here, it meets the River Yamuna in Hamirpur district.

The River is completely rain fed. It features high water discharge during monsoon and very low water discharge during summer. The Matatila Power House features three machines of 10.2 MW each. It was set up in 1965.

The catchment area of Matatila Dam is 8000 square miles. Its reservoir capacity is at 4000 M.Cu.Ft.

Economy
Matatila Dam was constructed for dual purposes – irrigation and production of hydro electric power.

The dam is built with a capacity to produce 30.6 MW hydro electricity. For this purpose, both flanks of the dam feature robust structural support to ensure ample water discharge force during the time of releasing water and operating heavy duty turbine engines.

Each unit of the power plant has a capacity to produce 10.2 MW electricity. Three hydro machines are installed at the dam. The method of electricity production is direct release of water.

Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Matatila Dam is from September to May. Summers are hot with temperatures reaching up to 50 degree Celsius at times. Winters are too cold. Sometimes, it rains in the summer; otherwise the weather here is dry throughout the year.

How to Reach
Nearby cities from Matatila Dam are Talbehat, Picchouri, Shivpuri, and Babina. The nearest railway station from this Dam is Talbehat, which is 10 km. It is a busy station. The other two nearby stations are Jakhlaun, which is 13 km, and Lalitpur, which is 23 km.

Matatila Dam is located about 93 km from Deogarh and 50 km from Jhansi City. Tourists coming from Delhi-Bombay route find Jhansi as the nearest railway station to this dam.

References

Betwa River
Hydroelectric power stations in Uttar Pradesh
Dams in Uttar Pradesh
Dams completed in 1958
Tourist attractions in Lalitpur district, India
1958 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
20th-century architecture in India


Graham Oates may refer to two footballers:

Graham Oates (footballer, born 1943), who played for Blackpool, Grimsby Town and Wigan Athletic
Graham Oates (footballer, born 1949), who played for Bradford City, Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United


CompassionArt is a studio album by the songwriters' charity of the same name. It features the entire CompassionArt song writing team, Paul Baloche, Chris Tomlin, Tim Hughes, Matt Redman, Darlene Zschech, Israel Houghton, Michael W. Smith, Graham Kendrick, Andy Park, Steven Curtis Chapman, Stu Garrard and charity co-founder Martin Smith, along with several other collaborators. All proceeds from the recording directly benefited charities of the songwriters' choosing.

Production
On 7–11 January 2008, Martin Smith invited the newly formed CompassionArt team, made up of various CCM artists, to Scotland for a writing retreat. During this time the group wrote 22 songs, 14 of which made their way onto the album.

In February 2008, the majority of the album was recorded at Abbey Road studios in London. Martin Smith also travelled to Uganda in order to visit the Watoto Children's Choir and record their contribution to the album. One of the songs which was recorded was "Fill My Cup." This had previously been written by Delirious? as a potential song for inclusion on Kingdom of Comfort, although it was never released.

Singles
In April 2008, "So Great" was released internationally on iTunes as a single. It was also performed live at that year's Dove Awards by Michael W. Smith, Israel Houghton, Paul Baloche, Chris Tomlin and Christy Nockels. The song was also included on the compilation album WOW Hits 1. Also "King of Wonders" was released to Christian radio in November 2008.

Release

The album was released internationally in November 2008, although release was delayed until January 2009 in North America to avoid clashing with new albums from Michael W. Smith and Chris Tomlin. The album also includes a documentary DVD, and was released alongside a book, The Art of Compassion, written by the song writing team.

Some of the songs were available for free download, although a donation was requested.

Track listing

Awards

In 2010, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Special Event Album of the Year at the 41st GMA Dove Awards.

References

Charity albums
CompassionArt albums
2008 albums


The Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) is a Chinese state-owned aerospace and defense conglomerate headquartered in Beijing. AVIC is overseen by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. It is ranked 140th in the Fortune Global 500 list as of 2021, and has over 100 subsidiaries, 27 listed companies and 500,000 employees across the globe. AVIC is also the second largest defense contractor globally as of 2022 with a revenue exceeding US$79 billion and overseeing well over 100 subsidiaries.

History
Since being established on 1 April 1951 as the Aviation Industry Administration Commission, the aviation industry of the People's Republic of China has been through 12 systemic reforms.

AVIC purchased American aircraft engine manufacturer Continental Motors, Inc. in 2010, aircraft manufacturer Cirrus in 2011, and specialized parts supplier Align Aerospace in 2015. In 2015, AVIC and BHR Partners acquired U.S. automotive supplier Henniges, through a joint venture structure.

In 2016, Aero Engine Corporation of China was formed, capitalized with US$7.5 billion by Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. (COMAC) in order to consolidate aero-engine and related technologies.

Split and re-merger
China Aviation Industry Corporation was split into two separate entities, China Aviation Industry Corporation I and China Aviation Industry Corporation II in 1999. Both retained civilian and military aircraft production capabilities, along with a number of unrelated business ventures. The split was intended to foster competitiveness in the Chinese aerospace industry.

In 2008, AVIC I and AVIC II officially merged back together. The previous separation resulted in split resources and led to redundant projects. The goal of the merger was to eliminate this redundancy and spin off pursuits unrelated to aerospace, such as motorcycle and automobile parts manufacturing.

Espionage allegations

In April 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that computer spies, allegedly Chinese, "had penetrated the database of the Joint Strike Fighter program and acquired terabytes of secret information about the fighter, possibly compromising its future effectiveness." AVIC allegedly "incorporated the stolen know-how into China's Chengdu J-20 and Shenyang FC-31 fighters."

U.S. sanctions

In November 2020, Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army, which included AVIC.

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
In February 2023, the Center for Advanced Defense Studies reported that customs data showed that AVIC shipped parts for Sukhoi Su-35 fighter jets to a subsidiary of sanctioned Russian defense company Rostec following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Products

Airliner

Fighter aircraft

(*) indicates under development

J-10
Chengdu J-10S (Trainer)
Chengdu J-10D* (EW)
J-11
Shenyang J-11B/BG/BH
J-15
J-16
Shenyang J-16D (EW)
JF-17
J-20
Chengdu J-20A
Chengdu J-20S (Tandem seat)*
J-31

Fighter bomber aircraft
 JH-7

Trainer aircraft
 JL-8
 JL-9
 L-15

Transport aircraft
 Y-7
 Y-8
 Y-9
 Y-11
 Y-12
Y-14
 Y-20
 Xi'an YU-20 (Aerial Refueling)
 MA60
 MA600
 MA700

Bomber aircraft
 H-6
 H-20*
J-XX*

AEW&C aircraft
 KJ-200
 KJ-500
KJ-600*
 KJ-2000

Helicopter
 AC313
 AC332
 Z-8
 Z-9
 Z-9W/G
 Z-10
 Z-11
 Z-18
 Z-19
 Z-20
 AVIC Advanced Heavy Lifter*
 Z-15 / AC352 / EC175
 HC-120/EC120

Unmanned aerial vehicle
Pterodactyl I
Soar Dragon
AVIC Cloud Shadow

Electronic-warfare aircraft

J-16D
Y-8DZ
Y-9G (GX-11)

Maritime-patrol aircraft

Harbin SH-5
Harbin PS-5
AVIC AG600
Y-8FQ

See also
List of aircraft produced by China
Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC)
Aero Engine Corporation of China (AECC)

Notes

References

External links

Government-owned companies of China
Aerospace companies of China
Aircraft manufacturers of China
Defence companies of the People's Republic of China
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Chinese companies established in 1993
Technology companies established in 1993
Manufacturing companies established in 1993
Chinese brands


Fijian-born Australian singer and songwriter Paulini has released four studio albums, one extended play, nineteen singles (including two as a featured artist), and twelve music videos. Paulini placed fourth on the first season of Australian Idol in 2003, and subsequently signed a recording contract with Sony BMG Australia. Her debut studio album, One Determined Heart (2004), debuted at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart, where it remained for two consecutive weeks, and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 70,000 copies. Its lead single "Angel Eyes" remained at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart for three consecutive weeks and was also certified platinum, while the second single "We Can Try" peaked at number 30. Paulini followed with the release of her debut EP, Amazing Grace: Songs for Christmas (2004), which peaked at number 70.

Paulini's second studio album Superwoman (2006) failed to match the commercial success of her debut album, and only managed to reach number 72. Despite the underperformance of Superwoman, the album produced the singles "Rough Day", "So Over You" and "I Believe". During this time, Paulini enjoyed commercial success again as a member of the Australian girl group Young Divas. The group released two top-ten albums, Young Divas (2006) and New Attitude (2007), and achieved three top-fifteen singles, including the hugely successful "This Time I Know It's for Real". After Paulini parted ways with the Young Divas and ended her contract with Sony BMG in 2008, she focused more on songwriting. Through a publishing deal with independent label Albert Music, Paulini was able to travel and write songs in Europe, New York and Los Angeles. She wrote songs for several recording artists in Europe, including Monrose, Edurne and Yoann Fréget.

Aside from her songwriting work, Paulini continued to release singles independently between 2009 and 2013. She was also featured on the 2010 single "Believe Again" by Irish recording artist Ronan Keating. Paulini signed a joint record deal with Ambition Records and Decca Records Australia in 2014, and released her long-awaited third studio album Come Alive the following year. A moderate success, the album debuted at number 25 on the ARIA Albums Chart and included the singles "Air It All Out" and "By My Side". This was followed by the release of Paulini's fourth studio album Merry Christmas (2015), which featured cover versions of popular Christmas tunes and failed to impact the charts.

Albums

Extended plays

Singles

As a lead artist

As a featured artist

Other appearances

Music videos

Songwriting credits

See also
Young Divas discography

References

External links

Pop music discographies
Discographies of Australian artists
Discographies of Fijian artists


A Warm December is a 1973 American romantic drama film directed by Sidney Poitier and starring him in the lead role as Dr. Matt Younger. It also stars Jamaican actress Esther Anderson as Catherine, Matt's love interest. Anderson's performance as an African princess won her a NAACP Image Award for Best Actress in 1973. The film is also notable for an appearance of Letta Mbulu singing, with an African choir,  "Nonqonqo" by Miriam Makeba. Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson wrote and conducted the score.

The story was influenced by Roman Holiday and Love Story. A Warm December was shot at Pinewood Studios.

Plot
Dr. Matt Younger is a recently widowed American who takes his daughter Stefanie on a month-long vacation in London. While there, he meets Catherine, the niece of African Ambassador George Oswandu. Catherine is involved in negotiations with the Soviet Union to build a vital hydroelectric project in her country. As the pair begin to develop feelings for one another, Dr. Younger learns that the two men following Catherine are not the sinister characters he suspected. One is a bodyguard sent by her uncle, the other is a doctor monitoring the sickle cell disease that will end her life all too soon. She herself says that she is in the December of her life. When Dr. Younger proposes, Catherine must decide between not only love and loyalty to her country, but also seizing the time that remains to her and saddling the man she loves with her inevitable death. In the end, she refuses, thanking him for a "warm December".

Cast
 Sidney Poitier as Dr. Matt Younger
 Esther Anderson as Catherine Oswandu
 Yvette Curtis as Stefanie Younger
 George Baker as Dr. Henry Barlow
 Johnny Sekka as Dr. Joseph Myomo
 Earl Cameron as Ambassador George Oswandu
 Hilary Crane as Marsha Barlow

References

External links

1973 films
1973 romantic drama films
1970s American films
1970s English-language films
American romantic drama films
Films directed by Sidney Poitier
Films set in London
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
First Artists films