Witton Castle is a much-altered 15th-century castle, which is the centrepiece of a holiday and caravan country park at Witton le Wear, near Bishop Auckland, County Durham. It is a Grade II* listed building.

Details

Sir Ralph Eure obtained a licence to crenellate his manor house in 1410 and created the castle. The castle was held by Royalist Sir William Darcy during the English Civil War. He compounded for the return of his confiscated estate  which was sold by his descendant Henry Darcy to William Cuthbert in 1743. The castle then shortly passed to the Hopper family but was severely damaged in a fire which in 1796 destroyed most of the castle interior.

In 1816 William Chaytor of Croft Hall, Yorkshire purchased the castle estate from the then owner, John Robert Hopper, for £78,000 and restored the fabric and rebuilt the interior in modern style. The estate was rich in coal and Witton Park Colliery was sunk in 1825. Sir William Chaytor served as High Sheriff of Durham in 1839. Members of the Chaytor family lived at Witton until the mid 20th century.

See also
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
List of castles in England

References

 A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Vol I John Burke (1835) p140 Google Books: Chaytor of Croft and Witton Castle
 The Gatehouse Gazetteer: Witton Castle

Grade II* listed buildings in County Durham
History of County Durham
Castles in County Durham


The Pas de Cheville (2038 m) (also the Col de Cheville) is a high mountain pass across the western Bernese Alps, connecting Gryon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland and Derborence in the canton of Valais.

The pass lies between Les Diablerets in the north and Tête à Pierre Grept, Grand Muveran to the south .

See also
 List of mountain passes in Switzerland

External links
List of Alpine passes in switzerland

Mountain passes of Switzerland
Mountain passes of the Alps
Mountain passes of Valais
Valais–Vaud border
Mountain passes of the canton of Vaud


The 84th edition of the KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) started on 4 August 2001. The final was played on 12 May 2002: Ajax beat Utrecht 3–2 and received the cup for the fifteenth time. A total of 86 clubs participated.

Teams
 All 18 participants of the Eredivisie 2001-02: six teams entered in the round of 16 of the knock-out stage; two in the first round of the knock-out stage and the rest in the group stage.
 All 18 participants of the Eerste Divisie 2001-02
 48 teams from lower (amateur) leagues
 Two reserve teams

Group stage
The matches of the group stage were played between August 4 and 22 2001. 78 teams played a total of 114 matches, 38 teams progressed to the next round.

E Eredivisie; 1 Eerste Divisie; A Amateur teams

Knock-out phase

First round
The matches of the first round were played on 18-20 September 2001. sc Heerenveen and RKC Waalwijk entered the tournament this round. During the group stage, they were still active in the Intertoto Cup.

E two Eredivisie entrants

Second round
The matches of the second round were played between 23 October and 6 November 2001.

Round of 16
The matches of the round of 16 were played on 11-12 December 2001. The six Eredivisie teams that had been playing in European competitions after qualification last season, entered the tournament this round.

E six Eredivisie entrants

Quarter-finals
The matches of the quarter finals were played on 31 January 31 and 7 February 2002.

Semi-finals
The matches of the semi-finals were played on 29 March and 10 April 2002.

Final

Ajax was granted a life line by a late offside goal by Wamberto sending the game into extra time, the linesman later admitting the mistake saying he had a black out. Ajax also won the Dutch Eredivisie championship, thereby taking the double. They would participate in the Champions League, so finalists FC Utrecht could play in the UEFA Cup.

See also
Eredivisie 2001-02
Eerste Divisie 2001-02
Sparta Rotterdam season 2001–02

External links
 Results by Ronald Zwiers

2001-02
2001–02 domestic association football cups
2001–02 in Dutch football


Derborence is a hamlet in the municipality of Conthey, in the canton of Valais, in Switzerland. It is located at 1,450 metres in an isolated valley on the south side of the Bernese Alps and is not permanently inhabited. Derborence is completely surrounded by mountains: The Diablerets (highest) on the north, Haut de Cry on the south and Mont Gond on the east. Derborence can be reached by a road from Conthey, or by foot from Gryon, using the Pas de Cheville.

Lake Derborence was formed in 1749 after two landslides coming from the south wall of the Diablerets. Thousands of tons of rock came crashing down from a height of 1900 metres in 1714 and 1749, coming to 400 metres below and forming a 2 kilometre-long natural barrier which gradually filled with water. A virgin forest grew on the rock debris. It consists of spruce, pine, larch, scots pine, beech and willows. The area was acquired by Pro Natura in 1961 and is now protected.

The valley, which is exceptionally rich in fauna, is a natural habitat for ibex, chamois, deer, marmots and hares and several bird species including the owl, golden eagle, bearded vulture and alpine chough.

External links
Derborence.ch
Derborence on myswitzerland.com

Villages in Valais


General  is a Japanese Air Self-Defense Force career military officer. He served as the Chief of Staff of Japan's Air Self-Defense Force from March 2007 until October 2008. Tamogami turned to politics in 2014 as a candidate for governor of Tokyo and for the House of Representatives; he was arrested in April 2016 for alleged violations of campaign finance laws (illegal payments to supporters) in relation to his gubernatorial campaign.

He has been described as a "champion of Japan's right wing". He denies that women were forced by the Empire of Japan into sex work as "comfort women" and that the Nanjing Massacre occurred.

JASDF career
Tamogami graduated from Fukushima Prefectural Asaka High School in 1967 and the National Defense Academy of Japan in 1971 with a major in electrical engineering. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1986, colonel in 1990, and major general in 1996. He was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed Head of the Joint Staff College on December 2, 2002, and appointed to Commander in Chief of the Air Defense Command on August 30, 2004. He was promoted to general and appointed Chief of Staff of the Air Self-Defense Force on March 28, 2007.

A member of the openly revisionist organization Nippon Kaigi, Tamogami gained attention in the press for a number of outspoken remarks in the latter days of his career. On the occasion of an unsuccessful civil case brought against the government for sending troops to Iraq, he remarked that he felt some of the activities of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force were against Japan's peace constitution, causing the litigants to claim a moral victory. On 14 July 2004, when questioned further about this supposed 'unconstitutionality' of the Air Self-Defense Force, he said that his opinion should not distress its members since (quoting the catch phrase of Yoshio Kojima, a popular comedian), "What does that matter?"

At a semipolitical meeting on the 15 September 2004, he said that he felt that it would probably be necessary for Japan to develop nuclear arms in order to be seen as an independent nation by China and that promising never to develop nuclear arms is "foolish." After the furor created by his essay and dismissal, he was asked, by a British journalist on 1 December 2008, whether he would have used nuclear arms against America in 1945; he responded he "might have considered using nuclear weapons against the United States had he been a general for a nuclear-capable Japan in 1945, especially if it was a case of nuking in response to the threat of American nuclear weapons."

Tamogami claimed that other members of the Japanese government and military share his views.

Essay controversy and dismissal
Tamogami was dismissed with a 60 million yen allowance  due to an essay he published on October 31, 2008, arguing that "it is a false accusation to say (Japan) was an aggressor nation" during World War II and that it was rather drawn into the war by Chiang Kai-shek and Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had allegedly been manipulated by the Comintern. The essay also argues that the war brought prosperity to occupied China, Taiwan and Korea, that "it is often those who never directly saw the Japanese military who are spreading rumors about the army's act of brutality", and that the Greater East Asia War is viewed in a positive way by many Asian countries. It criticizes the war crimes trials, which followed the war.

Following the essay's publication, Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada removed Tamogami from the post and ordered him to retire since its viewpoint contradicted the government position and was likely to anger Japan's regional neighbors.<ref>Hongo, Jun, "Tamogami's cohorts reprimanded", Japan Times, 26 December 2008.</ref> Tamogami, on November 3, 2008 confirmed that the essay accurately expressed his views on the war and Japan's role in it. He had already written a similar essay in May 2007 for an ASDF internal publication.

On 13 November, prime minister Tarō Asō said Tamogami decision's to write this essay was "extremely inappropriate" and the government was wrong in having overlooked Tamogami's views for many years.Hongo, Jun, "Tamogami views no secret", Japan Times, 20 November 2008, p. 3.

The essay that led to Tamogami's dismissal had been solicited for a writing contest organized and sponsored by his friend, prominent businessman and nationalist Toshio Motoya,  under the theme "True Interpretation of Modern History." Motoya and the other judges, including Shoichi Watabe, an honorary professor at Sophia University, awarded Tamogami the competition's ¥3 million first prize. The piece later appeared in a book published by Motoya, "The Shocking Truth About Modern History," which also featured other essays entered in the competition.

Tamogami was demoted to lieutenant general upon removal from his position as chief of staff on October 31. He retired from the JASDF on November 3, 2008, having reached the mandatory retirement age for his lower rank.

Political career
Since retiring from the Air Self-Defense Force, General Tamogami has become involved with Japanese nationalist groups, heading Ganbare Nippon at its founding in February 2010.  He also wrote a column for the magazine Asahi Geino'', in which he opined on topics such as the Chinese and North Korean military threats and the benefits of corporal punishment.

In a 2011 book, he spelled out a more independent defense policy for Japan under which Japan would have the right to collective self-defense and would acquire nuclear weapons, aircraft carriers, bombers and cruise missiles, as well as enhancing its amphibious troops and intelligence-gathering capabilities.

He organized a rally to protest the Senkaku Islands incident where a Chinese fishing trawler collided with two Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats.  At the anti-China rally, he said: "Senkaku Islands is Japan's traditional territory, if we don't protect it, China will make action to take it." In August 2012, he helped lead a group of Japanese activists to the Senkaku Islands to protest a landing on the islands days earlier by Chinese activists.

In the wake of a rape incident by American servicemen in Okinawa in October 2012, he pointed out in a Twitter post that both recent rape incidents had occurred around 4 am, and asked why the media had not questioned what the victims were doing walking around town at that time.

He announced his candidacy for governor of Tokyo in 2014 in the election to replace resigning governor Naoki Inose. Although Tamogami obtained 610,865 votes, he lost to former Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare Yōichi Masuzoe, who obtained more than 2.1 million votes.

In the 2014 general election he ran as a candidate for the Party for Future Generations but was not elected. As of 2015 he was no longer the head of this organization.

Arrest and trial
Tamogami and his campaign finance director were arrested in April 2016 on charges that Tamogami's gubernatorial campaign paid 2.8 million yen to five staffers who were legally classified as volunteers. Prior to his arrest (but after the charges became public), Tamogami explained the payments as "not something that I directly ordered, but [a] result of my ignorance and lack of oversight."

Tamogami pled not guilty in June 2016, stating that "I was never involved in distributing the money, nor did I conspire to do so." Prosecutors alleged that Tamogami approved the distribution of surplus cash remaining at the end of his campaign, and specifically instructed his finance director to increase payments to certain individuals.

In May 2017, a district court sentenced Tamogami to 22 months in prison, suspended for five years, for making illegal payments to his campaign staff in his unsuccessful Tokyo gubernatorial bid in February 2014.

Controversies
Tamogami is controversial for his historiography of World War II. He has been described as a "champion of Japan's right wing". He denies that women were forced into sexual service as "comfort women". He also denies the Nanjing Massacre.

Medals
Legion of Merit Degree Commander Medal

Humor
Tamogami is known for making jokes, particularly about his own diminutive stature. When criticized for his outspoken remarks he countered that "he did not lack prudence () of speech, only of height ()", and when commenting on defense spending cuts, he said of his own appointment, "The slimming down of the self defense forces has begun, with the appointment of a more compact Chief of Staff." When criticized for accepting severance pay after the scandal caused by his essay, he quipped, "Well, at last my wife and children are giving me hot food again." During the 2014 gubernatorial campaign, he said "although I make this face, I am actually a good person."

References

External links

Toshio Tamogami official page
Tamogami's Controversial Essay English Version
Article Strongly Criticising Tamogami's Essay

1948 births
Living people
Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit
Chiefs of Staff of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Japanese activists
Members of Nippon Kaigi
Party for Japanese Kokoro politicians
21st-century Japanese politicians
People from Kōriyama
Japanese politicians convicted of corruption
Military personnel from Fukushima Prefecture
Tokyo gubernatorial candidates
National Defense Academy of Japan alumni
Nanjing Massacre deniers
Historical revisionism of comfort women


The Thomas J. Calloway House, constructed in 1910, stands on the south side of Elm Street adjacent to Crescent Avenue in the traditionally African-American neighborhood of Lincoln in Lanham, Prince George's County, Maryland. It is credited to Isaiah T. Hatton, an early African-American architect.

Thomas Junius Calloway was a prominent lawyer, educator, civil servant, and African American activist until his death in 1930. He was vice president and general manager of the Lincoln Land Improvement Company and served as first principal of the Lincoln School. The house is a -story, wood-frame Foursquare residence with a poured concrete foundation.  The house retains its original plan and is still in use as a residence.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

References

External links
, including photo in 1995, at Maryland Historical Trust website
 M-NCPPC African-American Heritage Survey, October 1996: Thomas J. Calloway House, entry 70-49-33 p. 48

Houses completed in 1910
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
African-American history of Prince George's County, Maryland
Lanham, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
1910 establishments in Maryland


Česká soda was a satirical TV show created by Febio for Česká televize. The show was aired between the years 1993 and 1997. Total number of 14 episodes was created plus two New Year's Eve specials and a 1998 full-length picture. Running time of one episode was approximately 15 minutes.

Overview
The show consisted of a news summary presented by Petr Čtvrtníček, parodies of TV advertisements and since the second episode of a German language course "Alles Gute" created by David Vávra and Milan Šteindler.

The authors of Česká soda were merciless to the victims of their sketches and their humor was on the border of good taste. In spite of this, the show had high ratings and according to a 2006 inquiry it is still Febio's most popular show.

After a dispute about a trade mark "Česká soda" with a company producing a drink of the same name, the show was renamed to "Čtvrtníček, Šteindler a Vávra uvádějí" and with similar names occasionally appeared on TV until the year 2000.

References

External links

Czech comedy television series
1993 Czech television series debuts
1997 Czech television series endings
Czech Television original programming


Allround may refer to:

Dual-sport motorcycle
All-around event in gymnastics
World Allround Speed Skating Championships
All round defence (military)

See also
All-rounder, a player who can both bat and bowl in cricket
All Rounder (1984 film), an Indian film
All Rounder (1998 film), an Indian film


Aleksei Yevlampiyevich Troitsky () (1894–1958) was an association football player.

International career
Troitsky made his debut for Russia on July 5, 1914, in a friendly against Sweden.

External links
  Profile

1894 births
1958 deaths
Men's footballers from the Russian Empire
Russian Empire men's international footballers
Soviet men's footballers
FC Dynamo Moscow players
Men's association football forwards


The Collection is an album series by American hip hop group Bone Thugs-N-Harmony.  Volume One, consisting of hit songs between 1994 and 1998, was released on November 24, 1998, by Ruthless Records. Volume Two was released on November 14, 2000.

"B.N.K" is a remake of a song by Eazy-E entitled "Black Nigga Killa". The original version, with 3 verses by Eazy-E and none by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, can be found on Ruthless Records Tenth Anniversary: Decade of Game.

Track listing

Reception
"A fine introduction to the harmonious outfit's strangely smooth, yet sweary sound." – Tom Doyle, Q.

DVD Easter egg
In the DVD special features section, go to "Change the World" (extended version) and press the right arrow button; this will take you to six Bone Thugs-n-Harmony commercials.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Bone Thugs-n-Harmony albums
Compilation album series
1998 compilation albums
2000 compilation albums
2000 video albums
Music video compilation albums
Ruthless Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Jermaine Dupri
Albums produced by L.T. Hutton
Gangsta rap compilation albums


The Forest and the Fort is an historical novel by the American writer Hervey Allen based upon the Siege of Fort Pitt in 1763. The book was a New York Times bestseller in 1943.

Set in colonial Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, it is the story of Salatheil Albine, who was captured by Native Americans as a child and raised by them, and who manages to get back there. In addition to the Siege of Fort Pitt, the plot involves the march to Bedford Village after the siege was raised.

The Forest and the Fort is Book One of a planned North American historical romance called Sylvania. The other two novels of this sequence are Bedford Village and Toward the Morning.

References

External links
 Hervey Allen Papers, 1831–1965, SC.1952.01, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh

1943 American novels
Farrar & Rinehart books
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Fiction set in 1763
Novels set in the 1760s


Autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a furanosyl borate diester or tetrahydroxy furan (species dependent), is a member of a family of signaling molecules used in quorum sensing. AI-2 is one of only a few known biomolecules incorporating boron. First identified in the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi, AI-2 is produced and recognized by many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. AI-2 arises by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione, which is produced enzymatically, with boric acid and is recognized by the two-component sensor kinase LuxPQ in Vibrionaceae.

AI-2 is actively transported by the Lsr ABC-type transporter into the cell in Enterobacteriaceae and few other bacterial taxa such as Pasteurella, Photorhabdus, Haemophilus, and Bacillus, where it is phosphorylated by LsrK. Then, Phospho-AI-2 binds the transcriptional repressor protein, LsrR, which subsequently is released from the promoter/operator region of the lsr operon – and transcription of the lsr genes is initiated. AI-2 signalling is also regulated by glucose and cAMP/CRP via the lsr operon. In the presence of glucose, low levels of cAMP/CRP result in almost no lsr operon (lsrABCDFG) expression. Without glucose, cAMP-CRP is needed to stimulate the lsr expression, while LsrR represses its expression in the absence of the inducer, phospho-AI-2. As AI-2 accumulates, more AI-2 is taken in via LsrABCD, phosphorylated via LsrK, and the lsr transcription is de-repressed, enabling even more AI-2 uptake.

Doubts have been expressed regarding AI-2's status as a universal signal. Although the luxS gene, which encodes the protein responsible for AI-2 production is widespread, the latter has mainly a primary metabolic role in the recycling of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, with AI-2 being a by-product of that process. An unequivocally AI-2 related behavior was found to be restricted primarily to organisms bearing known AI-2 receptor genes. Thus, while it is certainly true that some bacteria respond to AI-2, it is doubtful that it is always being produced for purposes of signaling.

References

Signal transduction
Cell biology
Cell communication
Cell signaling
Tetrahydroxyborate esters


"Ring frei" () is a song by German singer LaFee. It was written by Bob Arnz, Gerd Zimmermann and Lafee for her fourth studio album Ring frei. The song is the album's second track and it was released as the album's first single on 21 November 2008 .

Music video
The music video premiered on 31 October 2008 on the German music show VIVA Live.

The video was written and directed by Bastien Francois, and was shot at the Cinegate studio in Berlin, Germany. It depicts Lafee as an action heroine, in which much of the scenes and costumes were based on costumes worn by Catherine Deane, played by Jennifer Lopez in The Cell and several other various action film characters such as Moon in Hero and Yu Shu-lien in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.

Track listing
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Ring Frei".
CD single: 2 Track Edition
 "Ring frei" (Single version) - 3:31
 "Hand in Hand" - 4:22

CD Single: Fan Edition
 "Ring frei" (Album version) - 3:48
 "Ring frei" (Making of the music video) - 24:33
 "Lafee Interview" - 13:06
 "Ring frei" (Studio performance) - 5:11
 "Ring frei" (Karaoke video) - 3:54

Charts

Personnel
 Producer: Bob Arnz
 Publisher: Edition twoformusic/ EMI Music Publishing
 Vocals: LaFee
 Writers: Bob Arnz, Gerd Zimmermann, LaFee
 Management: Bob Arnz, Gabriele Geschwinder
 Photography: BITO

References

External links
LaFee official website

2008 singles
LaFee songs
2008 songs
Songs written by Bob Arnz
EMI Records singles
Songs written by Gerd Zimmermann (songwriter)


Twelve Angry Men is an American courtroom drama written by Reginald Rose concerning the jury of a homicide trial. It was broadcast initially as a television play in 1954. The following year it was adapted for the stage. It was adapted for a film of the same name, directed by Sidney Lumet, and released in 1957. Since then it has been given numerous remakes, adaptations, and tributes.

Description

The play explores the deliberations of a jury of a homicide trial, in which a dozen "men with ties and a coat" decide the fate of a teenager accused of murdering his abusive father. In the beginning, they are nearly unanimous in concluding the youth is guilty. One man dissents, declaring him "not guilty", and he sows a seed of reasonable doubt. Eventually, he convinces the other jurors to support a unanimous "not guilty" verdict.

American writer Reginald Rose first wrote this work as a teleplay for the Studio One anthology television series; it aired as a live CBS Television production on 20 September 1954. He adapted the drama for the stage in 1955 under the same title.

Stage productions

Rose wrote several stage adaptations of the story. In other theatrical adaptations in which female actors are cast, the play is retitled 12 Angry Jurors, 12 Angry Men and Women or 12 Angry Women.

One early adaptation was staged in San Francisco in 1955.

In 2003 at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, the British producer/director Guy Masterson directed an all-comedian revival at the Assembly Rooms, including Bill Bailey as Juror 4, Phil Nichol as Juror 10, Owen O'Neill as Juror 8, Stephen Frost as Juror 3, and Russell Hunter as Juror 9. The production broke the existing box office record for drama at the Fringe Festival and garnered much critical acclaim.

In 2004, the Roundabout Theatre Company presented a Broadway production of the play at the American Airlines Theatre, starring Boyd Gaines as Juror No. 8, with James Rebhorn (No. 4), Philip Bosco (No. 3), and Robert Prosky as the voice of the judge. In 2007, 12 Angry Men ran on a national theatre tour with Richard Thomas and George Wendt starring as Jurors No. 8 and No. 1, respectively. The 2008 tour did not include Wendt but featured Kevin Dobson, of Kojak and Knots Landing, as Juror No. 10.

In 2004–05, the British producer/director Guy Masterson directed a hugely successful Australian version of his hit Edinburgh 2003 production, produced by Arts Projects Australia and Adrian Bohm at QPAC Brisbane, Sydney Theatre and Melbourne Athenaeum. Shane Bourne played as Juror 3, Peter Phelps as Juror 4, Marcus Graham as Juror 8, George Kapiniaris as Juror 2, and Henri Szeps as Juror 9. This production won three Melbourne Green Room Awards and a nomination for "Best Play" at the Sydney Helpmann Awards.

Several London West End productions of the play have been made. In 1964, Leo Genn headed a cast which included Mark Kingston, Paul Maxwell, Arnold Ridley and Robert Urquhart. In 1996 a production at the Comedy Theatre directed by Harold Pinter starred Kevin Whately, with Timothy West, Peter Vaughan and Whately's fellow actor in the British comedy-drama Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, Tim Healy, with a star of the first movie version E. G. Marshall as the voice of the judge. A further revival opened in November 2013 at the Garrick Theatre and was extended until June 2014, starring Tom Conti, Jeff Fahey, Nick Moran and Robert Vaughn.

In June 2022, Theater Latté Da in Minneapolis will open a world premiere musical adaptation based on Reginald Rose's teleplay called Twelve Angry Men: A New Musical, with a book by David Simpatico and music and lyrics by Michael Holland.

In other media

Films

It was written again in 1957 as a feature film, 12 Angry Men, which Sidney Lumet directed, and which starred Henry Fonda. It was nominated for Academy Awards in the categories of Best Director, Best Picture, and Best Writing of Adapted Screenplay.

Indian director Basu Chatterjee remade it as Ek Ruka Hua Faisla in 1986.

In 2007, Russian film director Nikita Mikhalkov completed 12, his remake of the film. The jury of the 64th Venice Film Festival assigned its special prize to this remake "to acknowledge the consistent brilliance of Nikita Mikhalkov's body of work".

12 Angry Lebanese is a 2009 documentary film that chronicles efforts to stage an adaptation of Twelve Angry Men with inmates inside Beirut's Roumieh Prison.

In 2014, Chinese film director Xu Ang remade it as 12 Citizens. It was shown at the 2014 Rome Film Festival on October 19, 2014 and was released in China on May 15, 2015.

Vaaimai (2016) is a Tamil language adaptation of Twelve Angry Men.

Television

12 Angry Men was remade for television in 1997. Directed by William Friedkin, the remake stars George C. Scott, James Gandolfini, Tony Danza, William Petersen, Ossie Davis, Hume Cronyn, Courtney B. Vance, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Mykelti Williamson, Edward James Olmos, Dorian Harewood, and Jack Lemmon. In this production, the judge is a woman and four of the jurors are black, but most of the action and dialogue of the film are identical to the original. Modernizations include a prohibition on smoking in the jury room, the changing of references to income and pop culture figures, more dialogue relating to ethnicity, discussion about who else could have committed the murder if it wasn't the defendant, references to execution by lethal injection as opposed to the electric chair, and occasional profanity.

In 1963, the West German television channel ZDF produced a film adaptation under the title .

In a theatrical version of the play that was once shown in the 1970s on Spanish Television (TVE1), the title given was  ("Twelve Men Without Mercy").

Radio
In 2005, L.A. Theatre Works recorded an audio version of 12 Angry Men, directed by John de Lancie, with a cast including Dan Castellaneta, Jeffrey Donovan, Héctor Elizondo, Robert Foxworth, Kevin Kilner, Richard Kind, Armin Shimerman, Joe Spano and Steve Vinovich.

Characters

Homages and references in other works
 On the Norman Lear CBS sitcom All in the Family, Edith Bunker (Jean Stapleton) is the lone juror who questioned the evidence against the defendant, despite the pressure from her bigoted socialite co-juror (Doris Singleton) in the first-season episode, "Edith Has Jury Duty".
The first animated homage to Twelve Angry Men was Hanna-Barbera's The Flintstones, also TV's first prime time animated series. In the sixth-season episode "Disorder in the Court", Fred (Alan Reed) is the foreman and believes the defendant is innocent even though (in a twist original) it is obvious that he is guilty. Fred changes his vote and when he announces the guilty verdict in court, the defendant—called "The Mangler" (Henry Corden)—threatens Fred with revenge when released from prison.
A fifth-season episode of the BBC TV series Hancock's Half Hour called "Twelve Angry Men" is a parody of the original film with the central concept being reversed. Hancock spends the episode trying to convince the jury that a man caught red-handed stealing some jewelry is innocent when he is clearly guilty.
 An episode of the TV series The Dick Van Dyke Show, aired March 7, 1962, and entitled "One Angry Man". In this episode, Rob Petrie is the only juror who believes the defendant (Sue Ane Langdon) to be innocent.
 The Newhart episode "Twelve Annoyed Men...and Women" features main character Dick Loudon as foreman of a jury that is set to convict a bird thief, until one holdout votes "not guilty". The lone dissenter reveals that he voted for acquittal only because he wanted to spend more time with the members of the jury.
 The animated television series Pepper Ann features an episode titled "One Angry Woman". Pepper Ann's mother Lydia is called into jury duty for a case involving a supposed spitter. The events play out similarly to the original, complete with certain lines spoofed and altered for the episode.
 An episode of the TV series Monk, "Mr. Monk Gets Jury Duty", strongly spoofs the original 12 Angry Men teleplay. In this episode, the jury is presiding over the case of a man accused of stabbing another man attempting to make a bank deposit. Many of the jurors resemble a 12 Angry Men juror in some way or form.
 A Season 11 episode of Family Guy, "12 and a Half Angry Men", is a parody of the film. The town mayor is accused of murder, and Brian and Peter are called to the jury. Brian takes the role of the eighth juror.
 A Season 2 episode of Murder, She Wrote features a parody of the film (however, both men and women are included on this jury), with Jessica Fletcher and eleven other jurors seeking to determine the guilt or innocence of both a man and a woman.
 Season Three of Inside Amy Schumer devoted an episode to one sketch, a parody of 12 Angry Men. The twelve men must decide if Amy Schumer is "hot enough" to have her own TV show.
In a 1996 episode of Early Edition, titled "The Jury", Gary is the only juror who believes a man accused of embezzlement is innocent. Similarities to Twelve Angry Men include a European juror, a retiree, a meek juror, and a juror who cares little about the case.
The King of the Hill Season Three episode "Nine Pretty Darn Angry Men" parodies 12 Angry Men with the characters as part of a focus group for a new lawnmower. Hank in the role based on juror 8 opposes the new mower while the others praise it.
The title of an episode in Season Two of Veronica Mars, "One Angry Veronica", references the film as the main plot and is concerned with Veronica being called for jury duty.
The That Girl episode "Eleven Angry Men and That Girl", has the show's main character Ann Marie convince a jury that a person who was accused of domestic violence should be found innocent, only to see them strike their spouse in court after the verdict is announced.
 In Blue Bloods season 4, episode 8, "Justice Served", Danny Reagan dissents as Juror 8.
 Episode 6 in series 12 ("Jury") of the sitcom Not Going Out is set in a jury room with multiple references to Twelve Angry Men.

References

American plays
Broadway plays
Drama Desk Award-winning plays
Edgar Award-winning works
Plays based on television plays
West End plays
Juries in fiction
Courtroom dramas
12 (number)
Fictional duodecets


The 1995 Canadian Open, also known by its sponsored name Du Maurier Canadian Open, was a men's and women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts that was part of the Championship Series, Single Week of the 1995 ATP Tour, and of Tier I of the 1995 WTA Tour. The men's event took place at the Jarry Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from July 24 through July 31, 1995, and the women's event at the National Tennis Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from August 13 through August 20, 1995. First-seeded Andre Agassi, the defending champion, and Monica Seles won the singles titles. It was Seles' first tournament back after being stabbed during a match at the WTA Hamburg in April 1993.

Finals

Men's singles

 Andre Agassi defeated  Pete Sampras, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3
It was Andre Agassi's 5th title of the year and his 29th overall. It was his 2nd Masters title of the year and his 6th overall. It was his 3rd win at the event, also winning in 1992 and 1994.

Women's singles

 Monica Seles defeated  Amanda Coetzer, 6–0, 6–1
It was Monica Seles' 1st title of the year and her 33rd overall. It was her 1st Tier I title of the year and her 5th overall.

Men's doubles

 Yevgeny Kafelnikov /  Andrei Olhovskiy defeated  Brian MacPhie /  Sandon Stolle, 6–4, 6–4

Women's doubles

 Brenda Schultz-McCarthy /  Gabriela Sabatini defeated  Martina Hingis /  Iva Majoli 4–6, 6–0, 6–3

See also
 Agassi–Sampras rivalry

References

External links

 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile
 Women's Tennis Association (WTA) tournament profile
 ITF men's tournament event details
 ITF women's tournament event details

Canadian Open
Canadian Open
Canadian Open (tennis)
1995 in Canadian tennis


Kjell Maale Roikjer (14 June 1901 – 19 September 1999) was a Danish composer and bassoonist.

Early life and education
Roikjer was born and grew up in Malmö, Sweden, where his parents were photographers. At 17, he moved to Copenhagen and began an apprenticeship as a scene painter, but left it a few years later to pursue music. He had learned violin, but decided instead to become a bassoonist because there was less competition, and studied under Knud Lassen.

Career
He began his career in 1924 in Sweden, as bassoon soloist in the Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra. In 1926 he returned to Copenhagen, becoming a member of the Tivoli Concert Hall orchestra and permanent assistant with the new Radio Symphony Orchestra. He became a Danish citizen in 1928. He was a founder member of the chamber ensemble  (Woodwind Quintet of 1932), in which he played until 1948.

From 1938 until his retirement as a player in 1971, he was a member of the Royal Danish Orchestra, where he succeeded Lassen as bassoon soloist in 1943. He also worked as an archivist at the Tivoli Concert Hall, assisting in the reconstruction of the sheet music library following the hall's destruction by the occupying Germans during World War II.

Compositions
Roikjer composed approximately 100 works, about one third after his retirement. His style was classically-inspired, in the French manner. He wrote mostly for small ensembles, often employing less frequently used instruments such as tuba, xylophone and saxophone.

Selected works
 Introduction and Theme with Variations for Viola Solo, Op.29
 Concerto for Xylophone and Orchestra, Op.34
 Woodwind Quintet, Op.42
 Divertimento for Flute and Viola, Op.45
 Variations, Chorale and Fugue on a theme by Carl Nielsen for 4 Trombones, Op.51
 Variations and Rondo on a Swedish Folksong for Brass Quintet, Op.53
 10 Inventions for 2 Tubas, Op.55
 Variations and Finale on a Norwegian Folksong for Brass Quintet, Op.56
 Scherzo for Brass Quintet, Op.53
 Concerto for Tuba and Orchestra, Op.61
 Capriccio for Tuba and Orchestra, Op.66
 Sonata for Tuba and Piano, Op.68
 Andante for Tuba and Piano, Op.65
 Tonal Miniature Pieces in All Keys for Tuba and Piano, Op.75
 Concerto for Bassoon and String Orchestra, Op.90

References

1901 births
1999 deaths
Danish classical bassoonists
Male composers
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century Danish composers
20th-century Danish male musicians
Musicians from Malmö
Swedish emigrants to Denmark


The 1994 Canadian Open and the 1994 Matinée Ltd. - Canadian Open were tennis tournaments played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 105th edition of the Canada Masters, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1994 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 1994 WTA Tour. The men's event took place at the National Tennis Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from July 25 through July 31, 1994, and the women's event at the Uniprix Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from August 15 through August 21, 1994.

Finals

Men's singles

 Andre Agassi defeated  Jason Stoltenberg 6–4, 6–4
 It was Agassi's 2nd title of the year, and his 21st overall. It was his 1st Masters title of the year and his 3rd overall. It was also his 2nd win in Canada after winning in 1992.

Women's singles

 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated  Steffi Graf 7–5, 1–6, 7–6(7–4)
 It was Sánchez Vicario's 5th title of the year, and her 17th overall. It was her 1st Tier I title of the year and her 4th overall. It was also her 2nd win in Canada after winning in 1992.

Men's doubles

 Byron Black /  Jonathan Stark defeated  Patrick McEnroe /  Jared Palmer 7–6, 7–6

Women's doubles

 Meredith McGrath /  Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated  Pam Shriver /  Elizabeth Smylie 2–6, 6–2, 6–4

References

External links

 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile
 Women's Tennis Association (WTA) tournament profile

Canadian Open (tennis)


Dual-purpose is a noun and adjective referring to things serving two purposes. It can specifically refer to:

 Dual-use technology
 Dual-purpose gun, a naval artillery mounting designed to engage both surface and air targets
 Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition
 Dual-purpose motorcycle, designed for both on- and off-road use
 Dual Purpose Ladder (London Fire Brigade), a standard type of firefighting vehicle used by the London Fire Brigade
 Fighting knife
 Viaduct, a road bridge-aqueduct
 Dual-purpose breed, an animal or plant breed that provide at least 2 kinds of resources, for example, beef cattle

See also
 Dual (disambiguation)
 Purpose (disambiguation)
 Hybrid (disambiguation)
 Multi-purpose (disambiguation)
 Single-purpose (disambiguation)


Maria Labia (14 February 1880, Verona – 10 February 1953, Malcesine, Lake Garda) was an Italian operatic dramatic soprano who was particularly associated with roles of the verismo repertoire.

Career
Labia studied voice with her mother, Cecilia Labia, who was also an opera singer. She made her professional opera début in Stockholm in 1905 portraying the role of Mimì in Puccini's La bohème. Two years later she joined the Komische Oper Berlin where she sang numerous roles including the title role in Puccini's Tosca, the title role in Bizet's Carmen, Marta in Tiefland and the title role in Richard Strauss's Salome, among other roles. In 1908 she joined the Manhattan Opera Company in New York City with whom she sang roles for two years at the Manhattan Opera House. She then returned to Italy where she appeared with several theaters under independent contracts for several years. She joined the roster at La Scala in 1912 and joined the Paris Opéra in 1913. In 1916 she was imprisoned for a year in Ancona as a suspected German agent. Resuming her career after the war, she sang Giorgetta in the first European performance of Il tabarro (1919, Rome), repeating the role in that year in Buenos Aires. She also portrayed Felice in La Scala's first production of Wolf-Ferrari’s I quattro rusteghi (1922), a role that became her favourite and in which she continued to appear until 1936. Her performances in verismo operas were said to be impulsive and, for their day, ‘shamelessly sensual’. She used her warm, not especially large voice with particular reliance on the chest register. Some early recordings remain of her Tosca and Carmen.

Her elder sister Fausta (1870–1935) had a relatively short career (1892–1912), which included performances as Sieglinde under Toscanini at La Scala. She retired shortly after her marriage to the tenor .

Sources
 Harold Rosenthal: "Maria Labia", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed October 31, 2008), (subscription access)

Italian operatic sopranos
1880 births
1953 deaths
Musicians from Verona
20th-century Italian women opera singers


Charlie Winston Gleave, better known as Charlie Winston, is an English singer-songwriter based in the South of France. Winston has so far had his most significant commercial success in France.

Music career

Early career
Winston played bass guitar for his brother Tom Baxter, appearing on Baxter's Feather and Stone album. As well as touring with Tom, much of Winston's early career saw him composing music for, and performing in, London-based contemporary theatre productions.

Mischifus
Winston's first ever unreleased and rarest record was Mischifus, a mix between beatbox, guitar, and piano, which appeared as a theatre/dance production that he had performed on stage in 2007, recorded under the Real World label.

Make Way
Winston's unreleased debut album, Make Way, was recorded at Real World Studios in 2006. Described as "inspired and seductive". Winston supported Peter Gabriel on his 2007 European tour. Tracks from Make Way would eventually find their way on to his first officially released album.

Hobo
Winston's second and the first officially released album, Hobo, entered the French charts at No. 3 on 31 January 2009, and peaked at No. 1 in its 25th charting week where it stayed for 4 weeks and, , spent 30 weeks in the Top 10. His debut album has also been certified as being platinum.

The first single, "Like a Hobo", also topped the French SNEP charts for one week on 11 April 2009.

In 2010, Winston won a European Border Breakers Award for 'Best UK artist in Europe'.

Running Still
Winston's third album Running Still was released in France on 21 November 2011.

In 2012, Winston contributed the track "This Wheel's on Fire" to the compilation CD set for Amnesty International titled "Chimes of Freedom – The Songs of Bob Dylan".

Curio City
"Lately", the first single from Winston's fourth album Curio City debuted on French radio station Virgin Radio on 13 October 2014. The album was released on 26 January 2015. In 2016, Winston released an EP with studio versions of songs he covered live during his concerts, called Under Cover.

Square 1
The first single from Winston's fifth album was released on 8 June 2018. It's called "The Weekend". The album, entitled Square 1, was released on 28 September 2018.

US television
On 17 September 2010, Winston headlined a global telecast for the international day of peace Peace One Day with Jude Law and Sharon Stone.

On 10 November 2011, the track "She Went Quietly" was used over the ending of the mid-season finale of Grey's Anatomy (Season 8, Episode 9 "Dark Was The Night").

VW Polo ad
In 2008, his cover of The Spencer Davis Group song "I'm a Man" appeared on a television advertisement for Volkswagen Polo. The ad featured a dog miming the words to the track, and received over 750 complaints from the RSPCA and TV viewers. The ad was not banned, despite the complaints.

Prank
Winston was pranked by Rémi Gaillard at "Les Déferlantes" music Festival in south of France.

Personal life
Winston was born to parents Jeff and Julie Gleave. At an early age he moved to Bungay, Suffolk where his parents owned the King's Head Hotel. His older brother, Tom Baxter, and younger sister, Vashti Anna, are also musicians and all use their middle name as a stage surname. Winston currently lives in London.

Discography

Albums

Singles

1 Digital Downloads
*Did not appear in the official Belgian Ultratop 50 charts, but rather in the bubbling under Ultratip charts.

Featured in

References

External links

 Charlie Winston – Live pictures in Paris (Olympia)
 Personal Interview with Charlie Winston

Year of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English male singer-songwriters
People from Bungay
People from Cornwall
21st-century English singers
21st-century British male singers


Vasili Dmitriyevich Trofimov (; born 7 January 1919; died 22 September 1999) was a Soviet football player.

Playing career
The USSR champion in three sports: football (1940, 1945, 1949), ice hockey (1947), and bandy (1951, 1952) in the Dynamo (Moscow) teams.

International career
Trofimov made his debut for USSR on 15 July 1952 in a 1952 Olympics game against Bulgaria and scored on his debut. He also scored a goal against Yugoslavia.

Coaching career
From 1964 to 1981 he served as the senior coach of the Soviet Union national bandy team, which under his leadership eight times in a row became the world champion.

Honours
 Soviet Top League champion: 1940, 1945, 1949.
 Finalist of  Soviet Cup: 1945, 1950.

References

External links
  Profile
 Профиль на sports-reference.com (участники Олимпийских игр)

1919 births
1999 deaths
People from Korolyov, Moscow Oblast
Russian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Soviet Union men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for the Soviet Union
Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
FC Dynamo Moscow players
Soviet Top League players
Burials at Vagankovo Cemetery
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Soviet bandy players
Soviet ice hockey players
Dynamo Moscow (bandy club) players
HC Dynamo Moscow players
Footballers from Moscow Oblast


Christopher George  Hardwick was the Dean of Truro from 2005 until 2011.

He was born on October 7, 1957, and educated at King Edward VI School (Lichfield) and the Open University. He gave up a career in banking to study at Ripon College Cuddesdon and was ordained in 1992 he was a curate at Worcester then Rector of Hill Croome before his move to the Deanery of Truro. He took suspension from his duties in 2010 while he was investigated for a supposedly controversial personal relationship, and ultimately resigned in August 2011.

Notes

1957 births
People educated at King Edward VI School, Lichfield
Alumni of the Open University
Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon
Deans of Truro
Living people


Sanetsch Pass (French: Col du Sanetsch or Col de Sénin) (el. 2242 m) is a high mountain pass in Switzerland across the western Bernese Alps, connecting Gsteig in the canton of Berne and Sion in the canton of Valais. Although a road leads to the pass from Sion and goes further to the Lac de Sanetsch, it can not be completely traversed by car. In the summer season the pass is accessible by PostBus and can also be traversed by cable car. The highest point of the road is at 2,252 metres.

The pass itself is located in Valais 4 km south of the border with Berne. It separates the massif of the Diablerets on the west from the massif of the Wildhorn on the east. The Sanetschhorn and the Arpelistock overlook the pass on the west and east side respectively. The Col du Sanetsch is a popular destination because of the view over the Pennine Alps and the nearby Tsanfleuron Glacier.

See also
 List of highest paved roads in Europe
 List of mountain passes

References

External links
Profile on climbbybike.com
Cycling: Map, elevation chart, route description and photos
Sanetsch.ch
List of Alpine passes in switzerland

Mountain passes of Valais
Mountain passes of the Alps


Veternik or Veterniku ( or Veterniku; ) is a mountain in Kosovo. It is  high and forms part of the Prokletije. It is located nearby Kopranik, a mountain higher than Veternik but also found in the same range. Veternik differs somewhat from the rest of the Prokletije of Kosovo and resembles more the Albanian part of the range. This is because Veternik's slopes are steep and its limestone is exposed.

References

Mountains of Kosovo
Accursed Mountains
Two-thousanders of Kosovo


Arkadi Georgiyevich Tyapkin () (1895–1942) was an association football player.

International career
Tyapkin played his only game for Russia on July 12, 1914, in a friendly against Norway.

External links

  Profile

1895 births
1942 deaths
Men's footballers from the Russian Empire
Russian Empire men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Place of birth missing


Giacomo Crispo, Bastardo di Crispo (or Jacopo; – 1505) was a governor of the Duchy of the Archipelago in 1494. He was the illegitimate son of William II Crispo, fourteenth Duke of the Archipelago, by an unknown woman.

He married NN and had a son:
 Antonio Crispo, Governor of the Duchy of the Archipelago

References

1505 deaths
People from the Duchy of the Archipelago
Giacomo Bastardo
People from the Cyclades
Year of birth unknown


School of Sustainability is the first school in the United States dedicated to exploring the principles of sustainability. The school was established in 2006 at Arizona State University. The School offers a BA and BS in Sustainability, a BS in Sustainable Food Systems, a Master of Sustainability Solutions, Master of Sustainability Leadership, Executive Master of Sustainability Leadership, MS in Sustainable Food Systems, MA, MS, and PhD in Sustainability, and PhD in Sustainable Energy. It is located within the Global Futures Laboratory at the Arizona State University Tempe campus. In Fall 2016, the School of Sustainability expanded its BA and BS degree offerings to the Arizona State University Polytechnic campus located in Mesa, Arizona.

As of May 2016, 947 students have graduated with degrees in Sustainability at ASU. Of those, 758 graduated with a bachelor's degree, 190 with a master's degree, and 42 with a PhD. In fall 2021, approximately 1,100 students were enrolled in sustainability programs at the School of Sustainability.

The School of Sustainability works with other colleges at Arizona State University to offer a Minor in Sustainability, a BA in business with a Sustainability concentration, a Bachelor of Interdisciplinary Studies with a Sustainability concentration, a Bachelor of Science in Public Service and Public Policy with a Sustainability concentration, a BS in Tourism Development and Management with a Sustainability Tourism concentration, and a Bachelor of Sustainability Engineering. The Bachelor of Arts in Sustainability, the Minor in Sustainability, the Master of Sustainability Leadership, the BA in Business and Sustainability, and the Bachelor of Interdisciplinary Studies with a Sustainability Concentration may be taken through ASU Online, Arizona State University's online college.

Faculty
The School of Sustainability has 60 appointed faculty. ASU President Michael M. Crow is a member of the graduate faculty. The appointed faculty includes two members of the National Academy of Sciences, Professor Michael Hanemann and Professor B.L. Turner II. Students may also take classes and seek advising from 400 Global Futures Scientists and Scholars drawn from across all campuses and all colleges of Arizona State University.

History
The Arizona Board of Regents approved the establishment of the School of Sustainability in 2006. In January 2007, the School of Sustainability accepted its first graduate students into the program. Dr. Charles Redman was the founding Director of the school as well as the Global Institute of Sustainability. In fall 2008, the first undergraduates enrolled in the school's degree programs. In 2010, the university-wide Minor in Sustainability was launched and Dr. Sander van der Leeuw  became the new Dean of the school. In fall 2013, the school launched a new Master's of Sustainable Solutions degree, an applied program without a thesis requirement. The Minor in Sustainability was first offered through ASU Online in fall 2013. In July 2013, Dr. Christopher Boone became the Interim Dean. In October 2014 he was appointed as Dean. The Executive Master's for Sustainability Leadership accepted its first cohort of students in January 2014. In June 2014, Starbucks and Arizona State University announced a partnership whereby Starbucks will cover part or all of the tuition costs of its employees to complete degrees though ASU Online, which include three programs in sustainability. In April, 2015, the ASU-Starbucks College Achievement plan was expanded from two years to four years of support for a bachelor's degree. In fall 2015, two new fully online degrees were launched: the BA in Sustainability and the Master of Sustainability Leadership. Beginning in fall 2016, the BS in Sustainability was offered fully online.

In 2015, ASU was ranked 11th in the Sierra Magazine's 2015 Rankings of America's Greenest Colleges and Universities, also known as the "Cool Schools" ranking. In September 2016, it jumped to 6th in the "Cool Schools" rankings.

In 2019, the School of Sustainability became part of the College of Global Futures in the ASU Global Futures Laboratory. Dr. Diane E. Pataki was appointed as the School Director in 2021.

See also

 ASU Campus Metabolism

References

External links

Arizona State University
Educational institutions established in 2006
University subdivisions in Arizona
2006 establishments in Arizona


Both Worlds *69 is the second solo studio album by American rapper Gangsta Boo. It was released in July 31, 2001 via Hypnotize Minds/Loud Records. Recording sessions took place at Hypnotized Minds Studio in Memphis. Production was handled by DJ Paul and Juicy J. The album peaked at number 29 on the Billboard 200 and at number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States.

Track listing

Chart history

References

External links

2001 albums
Gangsta Boo albums
Albums produced by DJ Paul
Albums produced by Juicy J


Antonio Crispo (died after 1505) was a governor of the Duchy of the Archipelago between 1496 and 1505. He was the son of Giacomo Crispo.

He married NN and had a son:
 William Crispo (or Guglielmo; - 1555), married to NN, and had a son:
 Antonio Crispo, Governor of the Duchy of the Archipelago

References

People from the Duchy of the Archipelago
Antonio 02
People from the Cyclades
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown