The Dukes were an Australian rock band active from 1991 to 1994. Initially called Sean Kelly and the Iron Dukes, they were formed by Sean Kelly (ex-Models, Absent Friends) on vocals and keyboards; and Geoffrey Stapleton (GANGgajang, Absent Friends) on keyboards and guitar. They were soon joined by Michael Armiger (Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls, The Go-Betweens) on bass guitar; Michael King (Absent Friends) on guitar and backing vocals; and John Mackay (Absent Friends) on drums and percussion.

Biography
The band were originally called Sean Kelly and The Iron Dukes, but were renamed shortly after to The Dukes. The band was formed by Sean Kelly (Models) and Geoffrey Stapleton (GANGgajang) following their return to Sydney in 1991 after the completion of a European tour, supporting INXS, with their previous band Absent Friends. The original members of the Iron Dukes were Kelly, Stapleton, Michael Armiger (Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls, The Go-Betweens), Michael King (Absent Friends) and John Mackay (Absent Friends). Other band members were bass player Peter Willersdorf, drummer Tony Georgeson, Mark Dennison (DD Smash) on saxophone and occasional keyboard and Kevin Dubber (DD Smash) on trumpet. In 1992 they signed with Sony Music.

In 1992, they released a number of singles, with "Gonna Get High" and "Faith" reaching No. 60 and No. 29 respectively on the Australian singles charts. In December 1992 the band released its debut and only album, Harbour City, it was co-written and co-produced by Kelly and Stapleton. Stapleton providing paintings for each song for the album booklet and the art work for all of the single and album covers. Harbour City was nominated for an ARIA Award in 1993 for the category 'Best Breakthrough Artist – Album'.

In 1993 they released the EP, I Fought The Law, three tracks from which also appeared on the 1993 soundtrack for the Yahoo Serious movie Reckless Kelly.

On 23 September 1993 The Dukes performed "Faith" to 250,000 people at Circular Quay, minutes before Sydney was announced as the host city for the 2000 Summer Olympics. The band disbanded in early 1994.

Members
 Mark Dennison – saxophone (1991–1993)
 Kevin Dubber – trumpet (1991–1993)
 Tony Georgeson – drums, percussion (1991–1993)
 Sean Kelly – vocals, guitar (1991–1993)
 Geoff Stapleton – keyboard, guitar (1991–1993)
 Peter Willersdorf – bass (1991–1993)

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Awards

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.

|-
| 1993
| Harbour City
| ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Album
|

References

Musical groups from Sydney
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Australian rock music groups


John Tully may refer to:

 CCGS John P. Tully, a vessel in the Canadian Coast Guard
 Jack Tully (1885–1966), Australian politician
 John A. Tully (born 1947), author and academic at Victoria University, Melbourne
 John C. Tully (born 1942), American theoretical chemist
 John Tully (American football) (born 1952), college football coach
 John Tully (Irish politician) (1904–1977), Irish Clann na Poblachta politician
 John Tully (architect), Canadian architect

Tully, John


Municipal elections were held across the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on October 18, 2008.

The following lists races in selected municipalities.

Amherst

Bridgewater

Cape Breton Regional Municipality

Halifax Regional Municipality

Kentville

New Glasgow

Queens Regional Municipality

Truro

Yarmouth

Municipal elections
Municipal elections in Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia municipal elections
Nova Scotia municipal elections


Daggatun was a nomad tribe of Jewish origin living in the neighborhood of Tamentit, in the oasis of Tuat in the Algerian Sahara.

History

An account of the Daggatun (whose name may perhaps be derived from the Arabic "tughatun" = infidels)  was first given by Rabbi  Mordechai Abi Serur of Akka (Morocco), who in 1857 journeyed through the Sahara to Timbuktu, and whose account of his travels was published in the Bulletin de la Société de Géographie.

According to Rabbi Mordecai, the Daggatun live in tents and resemble the Tuareg people, among whom they live, in language, religion, and general customs. They are fairer in complexion than the generality of African Jews, and are still conscious of their origin. They are subject to the Tuaregs, who do not intermarry with them. Mordecai is the authority for the statement that their settlement in the Sahara dates from the end of the seventh century, when Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ascended the throne and pushed his conquests as far as Morocco. At Tamentit, he tried to convert the inhabitants to Islam; and as the Jews offered great resistance he exiled them to the desert of Ajaj, as he did also the Tuaregs, who had only partially accepted Islam. Cut off from any connection with their brethren, these Jews in the Sahara gradually lost their Jewish practises and became nominally Muslims.

These statements of R. Mordecai evidently rest upon some foundation. The Arabs driven to Ajaj are to be identified with the Mechagra mentioned by Erwin de Bary ("Ghat et les Tuareg de l'Ain," p. 181), among whom a few Jews are said still to dwell. V. J. Horowitz ("Morokko," p. 58, Leipsic 1887) also speaks of many free tribes in the desert regions who are Jews by race, but who have gradually thrown off Jewish customs and have apparently accepted Islam. Among these tribes, Horowitz says, are the Daggatun, numbering several thousands and scattered over several oases in the Sahara, even as far as the River Dialiva or Niger. Horowitz says that they are very warlike and in constant conflict with the Tuaregs. According to Horowitz, the Mechagra mentioned above are also to be reckoned as one of these Jewish tribes.

See also

African Jews
Jews and Judaism in Africa
Jews of Bilad el-Sudan
History of the Jews in Algeria
History of the Jews in Tunisia
History of the Jews in Morocco

Resources

Bibliography
 Rabbi Isidore Loeb, Les Daggatouns, Paris, 1880:
 H. S. Morais, The Daggatoun, Philadelphia, 1882.

External links
Jews and Berbers, by Dr. Bruce Maddy-Weitzman

Jews and Judaism in Algeria
Jews and Judaism in Morocco


The 2008 St. Petersburg Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 14th edition of the St. Petersburg Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Petersburg Sports and Concert Complex in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from October 20 through October 26, 2008.

The singles draw was headlined by ATP No. 4, US Open runner-up, Cincinnati and Madrid Masters, Doha and Marseille winner, St. Petersburg defending champion Andy Murray, Miami Masters, Pörtschach, Warsaw winner Nikolay Davydenko, and Umag titlist Fernando Verdasco. Also competing were Australian Open quarterfinalist Mikhail Youzhny, New Haven winner Marin Čilić, Dmitry Tursunov, Mario Ančić and Marat Safin.

Finals

Singles

 Andy Murray defeated  Andrey Golubev 6–1, 6–1
It was Andy Murray's 5th title of the year, and his 8th overall. It was his 2nd consecutive title at the event.

Doubles

 Travis Parrott /  Filip Polášek defeated  Rohan Bopanna /  Max Mirnyi 3–6, 7–6(7–4), [10–8]

External links
Official website
Singles draw
Doubles draw
Qualifying Singles draw

2008
St. Petersburg Open
St. Petersburg Open
St. Petersburg Open


Samuel Thomas McMillan (born 20 September 1941) is a Northern Irish ex-footballer who played as a left winger or centre forward for various Football League clubs in the 1960s and early 1970s, including Manchester United, Wrexham, Southend United and Stockport County.

Born in Belfast, McMillan started his football career with the Boyland Youth Club in Northern Ireland before being picked up by Manchester United at the age of 16. He signed his first professional contract with the club in November 1959, but it was not until 4 November 1961 that he made his first team debut. The game ended up as a 3–1 defeat by Sheffield Wednesday, but McMillan was not disheartened and went on to score six goals that season, in which he played in 11 matches.

McMillan's first season at Old Trafford led to him being picked for the Northern Ireland national team in the autumn of 1962. He played in two matches, against England and Scotland in the 1963 British Home Championship, but failed to get on the scoresheet and only played for his country on one further occasion – an Under-23 international in 1964.

With Manchester United, a similar story to his international career followed for McMillan in 1962–63. He only made four appearances during the entire season, all of which came before Christmas, and he was unable to add to the six goals he had scored in his first season. The same happened at the start of the 1963–64 season, and although United manager Matt Busby offered to extend McMillan's contract by a year, the Ulsterman was desperate for first team football and he was sold to Wrexham for £8,000 on Christmas Eve 1963.

McMillan scored a commendable seven goals from 20 appearances in his first season with Wrexham, but it was not enough to prevent the Welsh side from being relegated to the Fourth Division. In five seasons with Wrexham, McMillan scored a total of 52 goals, including a season's best of 18 in 1966–67, and was just one appearance short of 150 for the Red Dragons before being sold to Southend United for £6,000 in 1967. At Southend, McMillan was deployed in a more withdrawn midfield role than he had been with Manchester United and Wrexham, and so he scored just five goals in nearly 80 appearances for the Shrimpers.

After just over two seasons with Southend, a £2,000 move to Wrexham's local rivals Chester followed, but he was released to sign for Stockport County at the end of the 1969–70 season. At Stockport, McMillan reverted to his old position in the forward line and amassed a total of 29 league goals in 74 appearances before a back injury forced his retirement in 1972.

External links
Profile at Northern Ireland's Footballing Greats
Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
Profile at MUFCInfo.com

1941 births
Living people
Association footballers from Belfast
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Manchester United F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
English Football League players
People educated at Ashfield Boys' High School


The Coupe de France's results of the 1962–63 season. AS Monaco won the final played on May 12 and May 23, 1963, beating Olympique Lyonnais.

Round of 16

|-
!colspan="3" align="center"|Replay

|}

Quarter-finals

|}

Semi-finals

Final

Replay

References

French federation

1962–63 domestic association football cups
1962–63 in French football
1962-63


Caitlin Mallory (born June 2, 1987) is an American former ice dancer. She is the 2005 Golden Spin of Zagreb silver medalist with Brent Holdburg. In 2008, she began appearing internationally for Estonia with Kristjan Rand. They competed in the final segment at four ISU Championships.

Personal life
Mallory was born on June 2, 1987, in Oakland, California. After attending Santa Clara University, she transferred to the University of Michigan, where she studied neuroscience.

Career

Early career
Early in her career, Mallory competed as a single skater on the sectional level in the United States. By 2003, she was competing in ice dancing with Brent Holdburg for the United States. They won the silver medal at the 2005 Golden Spin of Zagreb. After their partnership ended in 2007, Mallory skated briefly with Maxim Zavozin.

Partnership with Rand
Coaches Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva suggested that Mallory try out with Estonian ice dancer Kristjan Rand. She began competing with Rand for Estonia in the 2008–2009 season. They qualified to the free dance at both of their ISU Championships assignments, finishing 14th at the 2009 European Championships in Helsinki, Finland, and 20th at the 2009 World Championships in Los Angeles, California.

Early the following season, Mallory/Rand placed 9th at the 2009 Nebelhorn Trophy, giving Estonia a spot in the ice dancing event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. They placed 8th at their sole Grand Prix assignment, the 2009 Skate America. They did not compete in Canada because the Olympics, unlike other competitions, required both partners to be citizens of the country they were representing and Estonia did not allow dual nationality, meaning that Mallory would have to renounce her U.S. citizenship. She said, "we just realized it was too much of a sacrifice for one competition." Estonia's spot at the Olympics was used by Rand's brother and his partner. Mallory/Rand placed 13th at the 2010 European Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, and 17th at the 2010 World Championships in Turin, Italy.

The two missed the 2010–2011 season due to Rand's compulsory one-year military service and both skaters' plans to finish college. They did not return to competition.

Programs
(with Rand)

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Rand for Estonia

With Holdburg for the United States

References

External links

 Mallory & Holdburg Tracings.net profile

American female ice dancers
Estonian female ice dancers
1987 births
Sportspeople from Oakland, California
Living people
University of Michigan alumni
21st-century American women


Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić were the defending champions, but chose not to participate that year.

Travis Parrott and Filip Polášek won in the final 3–6, 7–6(7–4), [10–8], against Rohan Bopanna and Max Mirnyi

Seeds

Draw

Draw

External links
Draw

St. Petersburg Open
St. Petersburg Open - Doubles
St. Petersburg Open - Doubles


Erling Christian Øverland Selvig (born 23 August 1931) is a Norwegian legal scholar and judge.

He was born in Egge as a son of manager Sverre Arthur Birger Selvig (1892–1968) and Sigfrid Øverland (1900–1984). He finished his secondary education in Levanger in 1950 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree at the University of Oslo in 1957. He was hired as a research assistant in the same year, and in 1959 he took the Master of Comparative Law degree at the University of Michigan. His first marriage lasted from 1957 to 1981, the second to deputy under-secretary of state Kirsten Ullbæk Petersen (born 1950) started in 1984.

He was a research fellow from 1959 and docent from 1964, and took the dr.juris degree in 1968 on the thesis Det såkalte husbondsansvar. From 1968 to 2001 he was a professor at the University of Oslo, and he also served as dean of the Faculty of Law from 1989 to 1994. He headed the Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law from 1973 to 1988. Notable works include The Freight Risk, Fra transportrettens og kjøpsrettens grenseland (2nd edition 1975) and Kjøpsrett (3rd edition 2006).

He chaired a transport committee in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development from 1973 to 1978, was an ad hoc judge in the EFTA Court from 1997 to 2001 as well as an arbitration court judge in Norway. He has chaired several committees delivering Norwegian Official Reports. From 1986 to 2002 he was the chairman of the board of the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway.

He holds an honorary degree at Stockholm University and was decorated as a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 2003.

References

1931 births
Living people
People from Steinkjer
People from Levanger
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo
Norwegian legal scholars
University of Michigan Law School alumni


Nation Radio South Coast is an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting on 106 MHz & 106.6 MHz FM, on DAB on the South Hampshire multiplex across the South Coast of England and on DAB+ across a limited area on the Portsmouth small scale trial multiplex.

The station is owned by Nation Broadcasting which was under a licensing  agreement with operator Bauer Radio. In September 2022, the agreement ended and the station has become part of the Nation Radio network.

As of September 2023, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 76,000, according to RAJAR.

History

Original 106 & The Coast
The station was originally launched in 2006 as Original 106 (Solent), owned by Canwest, which then sold the station to Celador in August 2008. It was replaced by The Coast 106 on 30 October 2008, and while initial RAJAR results were encouraging with a healthy increase over those posted by Original, the weekly reach stagnated at around 115,000 by early 2011.

Jack FM

Celador then rebranded the station as Jack FM, to bring it in line with its sister station in Bristol, from 4 July 2011.  All prior presenters except Robin Caddy were removed from the station, which switched to a format also used by Celador's other Jack stations - a presenter-led breakfast show (hosted by Bam Bam), a Saturday morning "World Of Sport" show presented by Robin Caddy and automated music interspersed with topical one-liners in between songs voiced by actor Paul Darrow at other times.

Sam FM

On 1 April 2015, the station was rebranded again as Sam FM, which runs with a strapline of We're In Charge - the station controls the music and doesn't play requests - interspersed with topical one-liners in between songs by Gareth Hale who is referred to as The Voice of Sam FM. However, as of the  end of 2019 these one-liners have long since been withdrawn.

In March 2019, Sam FM South Coast was taken over by Nation Broadcasting following the sale of Celador Radio to Bauer Radio.

On 1 December 2019, Sam FM no longer shared programming with its sister stations in Bristol and Swindon and took the tagline The South's Greatest Hits. This appears to have had an effect on the playlist, with less rock and more pop tracks being played than previously.

Greatest Hits Radio
It was announced that from 27 May 2020, Sam FM will become Greatest Hits Radio in early September after Nation Broadcasting agreed a licensing agreement with Bauer Radio. From 1 September 2020 Greatest Hits Radio was launched at 6am.

Nation Radio
On 19 September 2022, the station relaunched as Nation Radio South.

Programming
Local programming is broadcast from 1pm-4pm Monday to Friday, presented by Chris Wright. The rest of the time it takes networked programming from Nation Radio UK with opt-outs for news, sport, travel and weather updates.

Transmitters

Analogue (FM)

Following the station's previous launch, Coast 106 made use of a restricted service licence from Ofcom to re-broadcast the station to Guernsey. This was done to promote the station to Guernsey residents for when they travelled to England.

Digital (DAB)

See also
Easy Radio South Coast
Nation Broadcasting

References

External links
 Official website

Radio stations established in 2011
Radio stations in Dorset
Radio stations in Hampshire
Radio stations in the Isle of Wight
Jack FM stations
Nation Broadcasting
Adult contemporary radio stations in the United Kingdom


Andy Murray was the defending champion, and won in the final 6–1, 6–1, against Andrey Golubev.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
Draw
Qualifying draw

St. Petersburg Open - Singles
St. Petersburg Open
St. Petersburg Open - Singles


The Centennial Covered Bridge is a covered bridge in Cottage Grove in the U.S. state of Oregon.  The Howe truss structure is  long,   wide and  high. It spans the Coast Fork Willamette River alongside Main Street, carrying only bicycle and pedestrian traffic. It was built in 1987, the hundredth year since the founding of the city. Constructed mostly by volunteers, it was made from timbers salvaged from the Meadows and Brumbaugh bridges, which were dismantled in 1979.

See also
 List of Oregon covered bridges
 List of Registered Historic Places in Lane County, Oregon

References

External links
 Covered bridge history of Cottage Grove

Covered bridges in Lane County, Oregon
Bridges completed in 1987
Cottage Grove, Oregon
Pedestrian bridges in Oregon
Former road bridges in the United States
Road bridges in Oregon
1987 establishments in Oregon
Wooden bridges in Oregon


Product of the 80's is collaboration album by Queens rappers Prodigy of Mobb Deep, Big Twins, and Un Pacino. The album was released on October 21, 2008.

Track listing

References

2008 collaborative albums
Prodigy (rapper) albums
Albums produced by Jake One


In mathematics, a polar action is a proper and isometric action of a Lie group G on a complete Riemannian manifold M for which there exists a complete submanifold Σ that meets all the orbits and meets them always orthogonally; such a submanifold is called a section. A section is necessarily totally geodesic. If the sections of a polar action are flat with respect to the induced metric, then the action is called hyperpolar.

In the case of linear orthogonal actions on Euclidean spaces, polar actions are called polar representations. The isotropy representations of Riemannian symmetric spaces are basic examples of polar representations. Conversely, Dadok has classified polar representations of compact Lie groups on Euclidean spaces, and it follows from his classification that such a representation has the same orbits as the isotropy representation of a symmetric space.

References
Berndt, J; Olmos, C; Console, S. (2003). "Submanifolds and holonomy", Chapman & Hall/CRC, Research Notes in Mathematics, 434,

Differential geometry


Gusinoye Ozero (; , Tamcha) is a village (selo) in Selenginsky District of the Buryat Republic, Russia, located on the south-western shore of Lake Gusinoye, Selenga Highlands. Population:   Gusinoye Ozero is the second most populated inhabited locality of Selenginsky District (after Gusinoozyorsk).

The village was founded in 1934 during the construction of the Ulan-Ude—Naushki railway.  It was granted urban-type settlement status on June 26, 1941, but demoted back to rural locality on November 22, 2004, due to closing of all industrial enterprises.

It is home of the Tamchinsky datsan, a Buddhist monastery "founded in the mid-18th century." In 1809, the monastery became "the center of Buddhism in eastern Siberia". The temple, which was ransacked in the 1930s, was being restored as of 2013 "as part of the revival of the Buddhist cultural and spiritual legacy in Buriatiia."

References

Rural localities in Selenginsky District


"Spartacus to the Gladiators at Capua" is a rhetorical monologue written by Elijah Kellogg for a student competition at Bowdoin College in 1842, and later published by Epes Sargent, one of the judges, in his 1846 School Reader. The piece, written as if it were an actual declamation by Spartacus to his fellows during the slave rebellion against the Roman Empire known as the Third Servile War, became popular in collections of rhetoric in the late 19th century.

References

External links

1842 documents
Bowdoin College
Cultural depictions of Spartacus
Monologues


The 2008 Davidoff Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 39th edition of the event known that year as the Davidoff Swiss Indoors, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland, from 20 October through 26 October 2008.

The singles field was led by ATP No. 2, Olympic doubles gold medalist, US Open, Estoril and Halle titlist, two-time Basel defending champion Roger Federer, Buenos Aires and Stockholm winner David Nalbandian, and Stuttgart, Kitzbühel, Los Angeles and Washington titlist Juan Martín del Potro. Also lined up were Delray Beach and Houston runner-up James Blake, Doha and Rome Masters finalist Stanislas Wawrinka, Igor Andreev, Tomáš Berdych and Mardy Fish.

First-seeded and defending champion Roger Federer won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Roger Federer defeated  David Nalbandian, 6–3, 6–4
It was Roger Federer's 4th title of the year, and his 57th overall. It was his 3rd consecutive title at the event.

Doubles

 Mahesh Bhupathi /  Mark Knowles defeated  Christopher Kas /  Philipp Kohlschreiber, 6–3, 6–3

References

External links
 Official website
 Singles draw
 Doubles draw
 Qualifying Singles draw


The Puerto Rico Open is a defunct women's tennis tournament. The first edition dates back to 1971 but only from 1986 to 1993 was the tournament played every year. It was held in San Juan, Puerto Rico and was played on outdoor hard courts. In 1988, when Tier categories were first introduced on the WTA Tour, the Open became part of Tier IV. One last edition was played in 1995, this time featuring in Tier III.

Results

Singles

Doubles

External links
 WTA Results Archive

Hard court tennis tournaments
Tennis tournaments in Puerto Rico
WTA Tour
Puerto Rico Open
Puerto Rico Open
Defunct tennis tournaments in Puerto Rico
Defunct sports competitions in Puerto Rico


Charles Gardiner (21 February 1720 – 20 November 1769) was an Irish landowner and politician.

He was the son of Luke Gardiner and his wife Anne, daughter of Alexander Stewart and granddaughter of William Stewart, 1st Viscount Mountjoy. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. On 20 March 1741 he married Florinda, daughter of Robert Norman.

From 1742 to 1760 he represented Taghmon in the Irish House of Commons. He was sworn of the Irish Privy Council on 15 September 1758.

Gardiner inherited the estates of his mother's family, the Stewarts, following the death of William Stewart, 3rd Viscount Mountjoy and 1st Earl of Blessington, on 14 August 1769. He died later the same year and was succeeded by his eldest son Luke, for whom the Mountjoy title was revived in 1785. The Earldom of Blessington was also revived, in 1816 for Luke's son Charles.

Charles Gardiner's other children included a daughter Anne, later Countess of Clancarty, and William Neville Gardiner, sometime British Ambassador to Poland.

Many of Gardiner's Irish property documents and some maps are now at the National Library of Ireland in the manuscripts section.

References

1720 births
1769 deaths
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Wexford constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland


Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but chose not to participate that year.

Mahesh Bhupathi and Mark Knowles won in the final 6–3, 6–3, against Christopher Kas and Philipp Kohlschreiber.

Seeds

Draw

Draw

External links
 Draw

Doubles


Anders Wilhelm Sandberg (22 May 1887 – 27 March 1938) was a Danish film director and screenwriter.

Early life
Sandberg was born 22 May 1887 in Viborg, Denmark, the son of Otto Carl Sandberg, a merchant and his wife Anna Mathilde Wilian. He was educated as a bookhandler and then worked as a journalist and photographer for the weekly magazine Verdensspejlet (English: World's Mirror).

Career

Sandberg began in 1914 as a cinematographer and director for Nordisk Film. After directing a series of low-budget comedies, he directed his most acclaimed work: 1917's Klovnen (The Clown) starring Valdemar Psilander. The film's premiere two months after Psilander's sudden death created a media sensation which launched Sandberg's career. Between 1918 and 1927, Sandberg was the film company's leading director and succeeded August Blom as Nordisk's artistic director. During that period, his reputation was cemented by adaptations of Charles Dickens novels: Our Mutual Friend (1921), Great Expectations (1922), David Copperfield (1922) and Little Dorrit (1924). He produced 58 films of which he wrote 19. In 1926, Sandberg directed a remake of Kloven starring Gösta Ekman and Karina Bell. Following the switch to sound films in the 1930s, Sandberg restricted his film work to documentaries.

Personal life
Sandberg was married to the actress Karen Kragh Møller from 1911 to 1916. In 1916, he married the actress Else Frölich. He was married a third time in 1935 to the German actress Ruth Helweg Jacobsen. Sandberg died 27 March 1938 while on vacation in Bad Nauheim, Germany.

He was the father of Danish film producer Henrik Sandberg.

Selected filmography

 Millionærdrengen (1936)
 7-9-13 (1934)
 5 raske piger (1933)
 Den gule Danserinde (1931)
 The Last Night (1928)
 The Clown (1926)
 Maharajahens Yndlingshustru (1926)
 Fra Piazza del Popolo (1925)
 Little Dorrit (1924)
 Wienerbarnet (1924)
 Kan Kvinder fejle? (1924)
 Min Ven Privatdetektiven (1924)
 Kærligheds-Øen (1924)
 Morænen (1924)
 Lasse Månsson fra Skaane (1923)
 Nedbrudte Nerver (1923)
 Paa Slaget 12 (1923)
 Den sidste Dans (1923)
 Pigen fra Sydhavsøen (1922)
 Great Expectations (1922)
 David Copperfield (1922)
 Vor fælles Ven (1921)
 Kan disse Øjne lyve? (1921)
 Stodderprinsessen (1920)
 Kærlighedsvalsen (1920)
 Det døde Skib (1920)
 Kærlighedsleg (1919)
 Solskinsbørnene (1919)
 Kærlighedens Almagt (1919)
 Rytterstatuen (1919)
 The Mysterious Footprints (1918)
 Manden med Arret (1918)
 En Kunstners Kærlighed (1918)
 Klovnen (1917)

Further reading

References

External links

1887 births
1938 deaths
Danish film directors
Danish male screenwriters
People from Viborg Municipality
20th-century Danish screenwriters


Advanced/Decay is the first full studio album by the electronic body music/futurepop band, Cesium_137.

Track listing
 "The Fall" – 5:45
 "End Game" – 4:59
 "Regrets" – 5:30
 "Darkest Dream" – 6:30
 "Last Days" – 5:04
 "Placebo" – 0:43
 "Effigy" – 4:32
 "Failure" – 3:38
 "Effigy (Caltrops mix)" – 6:52
 "Effigy (Crematory mix)" – 5:21

References

External links
 Advanced/Decay at Discogs
 Advanced/Decay at MusicBrainz alt.link

Cesium 137 (band) albums
2001 debut albums


Glomangiosarcoma is a low grade tumor of the soft tissue. They rarely metastasize, but metastases are possible. It is also known as "malignant glomus tumor". Positive staining for vimentin has been reported.

See also
 angiosarcoma
 Glomus tumor#Malignant glomus tumors

References

External links

Dermal and subcutaneous growths
Types of neoplasia


First-seeded Roger Federer was the defending champion, and won in the final 6–3, 6–4, against David Nalbandian.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
 Draw
 Qualifying draw

Singles


The Chambers Covered Bridge is a covered bridge located in Cottage Grove, Oregon, United States. It is  long and spans the Coast Fork Willamette River. It was built in 1925 to carry rail traffic hauling logs from the Lorane Valley to the J.H. Chambers Mill, a lumber mill which was located on an area between South Highway 99 and the Coast Fork Willamette River.  The mill closed in the 1950s after a second fire burned the mill down.  The railroad tracks were removed and the bridge was left.  The mill property is now being developed as a housing development called Riverwalk.  The Chambers Covered Railroad Bridge is the only remaining fully covered railroad bridge west of the Mississippi River.

Construction
It is a Howe truss design.

Preservation
In FY 2008, The National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation Program, administered by the Federal Highway Administration, awarded a grant of $1,315,370 to the City of Cottage Grove for the rehabilitation of the Chambers Covered Bridge, one of seven covered bridges in Oregon that received grants the same period.

Reconstruction
Chambers Covered Bridge was removed in 2010 and replaced with a carefully constructed bridge that is identical to the previous one. The new bridge is now open for pedestrians.

See also
 List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
 List of Oregon covered bridges

References

External links

 Covered bridge history of Cottage Grove

Covered bridges in Lane County, Oregon
Bridges completed in 1925
Cottage Grove, Oregon
Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Railroad bridges in Oregon
1925 establishments in Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Lane County, Oregon
Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Wooden bridges in Oregon
Howe truss bridges in the United States


Creation is a 2009 British biographical drama film about Charles Darwin's relationship with his wife Emma and his memory of their eldest daughter Annie, as he struggles to write On the Origin of Species. The film, directed by Jon Amiel and starring real life couple Paul Bettany and Jennifer Connelly as Charles and Emma Darwin, is a somewhat fictionalised account based on Randal Keynes's Darwin biography Annie's Box.

Plot
British naturalist Charles Darwin is a young father who lives a quiet life in an idyllic village. He is a brilliant and deeply emotional man, devoted to his wife and children. Darwin is especially fond of his eldest daughter Annie, a precocious and inquisitive ten-year-old. He teaches her much about nature and science, including his theory of evolution, and tells her stories of his travels. Her favourite story, despite the sad ending, is about the young orangutan Jenny, who is brought from Borneo to the London Zoo, where she finally died of pneumonia in the arms of her keeper. Darwin is furious when he learns that the family clergyman has made Annie kneel on rock salt as punishment for contradicting him about dinosaurs, which she takes as having become extinct long ago. This contradicts their church's position that life is unchanging and that the Earth is very young -- Young Earth Creationism being a then-recent heresy taken as dogma by Seventh-day Adventists.

Having returned from his expedition in the Galapagos Islands 15 years earlier, Darwin is still trying to finish a manuscript about his findings, which will articulate his theory of evolution. The delay is caused by anxiety about his relationship with his devoutly religious wife, Emma, who fundamentally opposes his ideas, which pose a threat to established Anglican theology. Emma worries that she may go to heaven and he may not, separating them for eternity.

The film shows Annie, through flashbacks and Darwin's hallucinations, as a vibrant apparition who goads her father to address his fears and finish his big work. It is apparent that Annie has died, and that her death is a taboo subject between Darwin and Emma, as both feel intense blame for her death. As a result of the strained relations between Charles and Emma, they entirely stop having sex. Anguished, Darwin begins to suffer from a mysterious, fatiguing illness.

It is revealed that after Annie becomes ill in 1851, Darwin takes her to the Worcestershire town of Malvern for James Manby Gully's water cure therapy, against Emma's will. Annie's condition worsens, and she ultimately dies after her father, at her request, tells her Jenny's story once more. Darwin is devastated, and her death sharpens his conviction that natural laws operate without divine intervention. To his contemporaries, this is an idea so dangerous it seems to threaten the existence of God (in reality, Darwin's biggest supporters were believers). In a box in Darwin's study, we discover the notes and observations that will become On the Origin of Species.

Having read his 230 page synopsis, Darwin's friends in the scientific community, Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Henry Huxley, also encourage him. Huxley admiringly tells Darwin that with his theory he has "killed God", which fills Darwin with dread. In his hallucinations, he also feels that Annie disapproves of his procrastination.

Darwin receives a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858, which details the same findings as Darwin in 20 pages. He has mixed feelings about this; all his work may have been in vain, but on the other hand, as he will not have to write his book, the discord with Emma will heal. However, Darwin's friends urge him to continue, as his book is much more comprehensive.

After receiving treatment at Malvern himself, Darwin makes a pilgrimage to the hotel where Annie died. The journey marks a change in him; upon his return home, he is able to reconnect with his wife, and they speak to each other for the first time of their fears and grief over Annie's death. They specifically speak about the possibility that Annie died because she was genetically weak, as Darwin and Emma are first cousins. Their renewed devotion restores Darwin's health, and he is able to resume his work. Emma's faith in their marriage is also restored, and she regains strength to support his controversial work. Darwin decides that Emma must make the decision about publishing his work. After reading the manuscript, she quietly returns it to him, having addressed the package to John Murray publishers in London. Emma accepts that she is an "accomplice" now, but hopes that God will forgive them both.

Darwin walks down the lane, holding the package. When the postman arrives, Darwin falters, almost letting him go empty-handed. The postman rides away, unaware of the powerful idea about to be released onto the world. As Darwin walks home, the little figure of Annie walks alongside him.

Cast

 Paul Bettany as Charles Darwin
 Jennifer Connelly as Emma Darwin
 Martha West as Anne Darwin
 Freya Parks as Etty Darwin
 Christopher Dunkin as George Darwin
 Gene Goodman as Frank Darwin
 Harrison Sansostri as Leonard Darwin
 Benedict Cumberbatch as Joseph Dalton Hooker
 Jeremy Northam as John Brodie Innes
 Toby Jones as Thomas Henry Huxley
 Bill Paterson as Dr. Gully
 Robert Glenister as Sir Henry Holland
 Jim Carter as Joseph Parslow
 Ian Kelly as Robert FitzRoy
 Zak Davies as Jemmy Button
 Anabolena Rodriguez as Fuegia Basket

Production
Creation is an adaptation by screenwriter John Collee of Annie's Box: Charles Darwin, His Daughter and Human Evolution, a bestselling biography of Charles Darwin by Darwin's great-great grandson Randal Keynes.

The film was produced by Jeremy Thomas's Recorded Picture Company as a co-development with BBC Films, and with financial assistance from the UK Film Council's development fund. Much of the filming, which was completed in December 2008, took place in the Wiltshire town of Bradford on Avon, which was standing in for Malvern, and at Darwin's home, Down House in Kent.

Releases
The film had its world premiere on 10 September 2009 at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival as the opening night gala presentation, the first non-Canadian film since 1996 to be so honoured.

On 24 September 2009, Variety reported that Newmarket Films had acquired the rights to the film, which Newmarket released on 22 January in the U.S.

The film was released in the U.K. on 25 September 2009, in Greece on 15 October 2009, in Japan on 20 October 2009 (Tokyo International Film Festival), in New Zealand on 24 December 2009, in the Netherlands on 7 January 2010, in Belgium on 20 January 2010, and in the U.S. and Canada on 22 January 2010.

According to producer Jeremy Thomas, the United States was one of the last countries to find a distributor, due to the prominence of controversy about evolution and creation. Thomas said, in the beginning of September 2009:
It is unbelievable to us that this is still a really hot potato in America. There's still a great belief that He [God] made the world in six days. It's quite difficult for us in the U.K. to imagine religion in America. We live in a country which is no longer so religious. But in the U.S., outside of New York and Los Angeles, religion rules.
His comments in the mainstream press, and the publicity surrounding the Toronto premiere, provoked Internet flame wars across religious, atheist, science, and film communities. Posts on related blogs such as that of film critic Roger Ebert (a noted admirer of Darwin) stretched into the hundreds.

Reception
The film has received mixed reviews by critics.
 Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 46% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 92 reviews, with an average score of 5.5/10:

This Charles Darwin biopic is curiously dispassionate, but Creation contains some of director Jon Amiel's best work, and Paul Bettany's performance is not to be missed. Based on 28 reviews, Metacritic assigned a score of 51/100, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

In The New York Times, A. O. Scott wrote "the film traffics in the pseudo-psychological mumbo-jumbo that is the standard folk religion of the film biography, and undermines its interest in reason by dabbling in emotive pop occultism."

Film critic Philip French, writing in The Observer, called the film "A complex, truthful work that does justice to Darwin's theories and their implications", while his colleague, film critic Peter Bradshaw in The Guardian, wrote "This gentle, heartfelt and well-acted film about Charles Darwin and his personal agony preceding the 1859 publication of 'On the Origin of Species' does not shy away from the issues. But it personalises them, and places them in a new context."

In The Daily Telegraph, film critic Tim Robey opined: "Bettany has a genius for distraction and reverie, guiding the film intelligently in and out of its soul-searching flashbacks. Only the closing shot of father and daughter walking hand in hand feels like a sentimental misstepthe one touch too much, in a sad, searching piece of work about the reluctant labour of a great idea." In Screen International, senior film critic Fionnuala Halligan wrote: "Bettany is undoubtedly the film's main asset: physically and emotionally convincing as Darwin in a very tricky role. Amiel's core challenge here is to make audiences believe their story: parents to 10 children, eminent Victorians with an unusual devotion to their brood; the author of a book which changed the world."

Writing in The Hollywood Reporter, film critic Ray Bennett said "Amiel's greatest achievement is that Creation is a deeply human film with moments of genuine lightness and high spirits to go with all the deep thinking."

References

External links

 Creation at the British Film Institute

 Creation at Metacritic

 Video news report on filming at BBC Wiltshire

2009 biographical drama films
Films with atheism-related themes
2009 films
Biographical films about scientists
British biographical drama films
Cultural depictions of Charles Darwin
Films scored by Christopher Young
Films directed by Jon Amiel
Films produced by Jeremy Thomas
HanWay Films films
Recorded Picture Company films
Icon Productions films
Science docudramas
Films with screenplays by John Collee
Films set in the 19th century
2009 drama films
BBC Film films
Films shot in Kent
Films shot in Wiltshire
Films based on biographies
British docudrama films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films


Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy is a form of endoscopic surgery to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This type of cancer is commonly treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but endoscopic operation offers an alternative treatment especially when the radiation therapy fails.

In the early stages oncology, endoscopic surgeries were considered to be radical treatment despite the surgery being minimally invasive. The surgery is effective the treatment of recently diagnosed localized nasopharyngeal cancer for stage I patients.

Patient selection is extremely important in order to avoid surgical complications. Patients diagnosed with rT1 or rT2 tumors, and some rT3 tumors may be candidates for the surgery.

References

Further reading

Endoscopy
Surgical procedures and techniques
Medical treatments
Oral and maxillofacial surgery


The Coupe de France's results of the 1961–62 season. AS Saint-Étienne won the final played on May 13, 1962, beating FC Nancy.

Round of 16

|-
!colspan="3" align="center"|Replay

|}

Quarter-finals

|}

Semi-finals

Final

References

French federation

1961–62 domestic association football cups
1961–62 in French football
1961-62


Douglas Reichley (born 1961) is a politician from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania; he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 2002, representing the 134th district. He sat on the House Appropriations, Consumer Affairs, Health and Human Services and Professional Licensure Committees and was also a member of the House Republican Policy Committee. In 2011, he was elected Judge on the Lehigh County Court of Common Pleas.

Career
Prior to his tenure as a state legislator, Reichley worked in private practice with Lightner Law Offices in Wescosville.  He was previously an assistant district attorney in the Philadelphia District Attorney's Office.  He also worked as an assistant district attorney in Lehigh County for 11 years, from 1989 to 2000.  He began his law career as an associate with the law firm of Snyder, Dimmich and Guldin in Allentown.

Personal
Reichley holds a Juris Doctor from Dickinson Law School and Bachelor of Arts Degree in Government and Law from Lafayette College.

Reichley has served many posts in his community as president of the Allentown YMCA/YWCA, the Emmaus Kiwanis and on the board of the Lehigh Valley Crime Victims’ Council.  He has also been an instructor at the Allentown Police Academy, Northampton County Community College, and DeSales University and even taught fellow prosecutors at meetings of the Pennsylvania District Attorneys’ Association and the Pennsylvania Bar Institute.

References

External links
Pennsylvania House Republican Caucus Pennsylvania House Republican Caucus site

1961 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
Dickinson School of Law alumni
Judges of the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas
Lafayette College alumni
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Pennsylvania lawyers


Harald Rensvik (born 4 March 1946) is a Norwegian civil servant.

He was born in Arendal, and grew up in Ålesund and Valdres. He graduated as a siv.ing from the Norwegian Institute of Technology.

He worked as a head of department in the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority from 1982 to 1986. In 1987 he took over as director of the Pollution Control Authority. He served until 1996, except for the period between 1990 and 1992, when he was a state secretary for the Minister of Government Administration and Labour in the third cabinet Brundtland. From 1996 he was permanent under-secretary of State in the Ministry of the Environment, being granted a leave of absence from 1999 to 2001. He was also a member of the board of the European Environment Agency.

References

1946 births
Living people
Directors of government agencies of Norway
Norwegian civil servants
Norwegian engineers
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Norwegian state secretaries
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
People from Arendal


Maja e Popllukës is a mountain in Albania in the Accursed Mountains range. It is  high and it itself is surrounded by many peaks above . It is located just south of Maja Jezercë.

Mountains of Albania
Accursed Mountains
Two-thousanders of Albania


Thermoacoustic imaging was originally proposed by Theodore Bowen in 1981 as a strategy for studying the absorption properties of human tissue using virtually any kind of electromagnetic radiation. But Alexander Graham Bell first reported the physical principle upon which thermoacoustic imaging is based a century earlier. He observed that audible sound could be created by illuminating an intermittent beam of sunlight onto a rubber sheet. Shortly after Bowen's work was published, other researchers proposed methodology for thermoacoustic imaging using microwaves. In 1994 researchers used an infrared laser to produce the first thermoacoustic images of near-infrared optical absorption in a tissue-mimicking phantom, albeit in two dimensions (2D). In 1995 other researchers formulated a general reconstruction algorithm by which 2D thermoacoustic images could be computed from their "projections," i.e. thermoacoustic computed tomography (TCT). By 1998 researchers at Indiana University Medical Center extended TCT to 3D and employed pulsed microwaves to produce the first fully three-dimensional (3D) thermoacoustic images of biologic tissue [an excised lamb kidney (Fig. 1)]. The following year they created the first fully 3D thermoacoustic images of cancer in the human breast, again using pulsed microwaves (Fig. 2).  Since that time, thermoacoustic imaging has gained widespread popularity in research institutions worldwide. As of 2008, three companies were developing commercial thermoacoustic imaging systems – Seno Medical, Endra, Inc. and OptoSonics, Inc.

Thermoacoustic wave production
Sound, which propagates as a pressure wave, can be induced in virtually any material, including biologic tissue, whenever time-varying electromagnetic energy is absorbed. The stimulating radiation that induces these thermally generated acoustic waves may lie anywhere in the electromagnetic spectrum, from high-energy ionizing particles to low-energy radio waves.  The term "photoacoustic" (see photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine) applies to this phenomenon when the stimulating radiation is optical, while "thermoacoustic" is the more general term and refers to all radiating sources, including optical.

The process by which thermoacoustic waves are generated is depicted in the Figure 3. It can be understood as a four-step process:

 Biologic tissue is irradiated by an energy source that is absorbed by the body. The source of energy is non-specific, but typically consists of visible light, near infrared, radio waves or microwaves.
 The absorbed energy is converted to heat, which raises the temperature of the tissue, typically by less than 0.001 degree Celsius.
 The increase in the temperature of the tissue causes the tissue to expand in volume, however slightly.
 This mechanical expansion produces an acoustic wave that propagates outward in all directions from the site of energy absorption at the velocity of sound in biologic tissue, approximately 1.5 mm per microsecond.

When the tissue is irradiated with a pulse, the acoustic frequencies that characterize the acoustic wave span a range from zero to 1/(pulse width). E.g., a 1 microsecond pulse produces acoustic frequencies from zero to approximately 1 megahertz (MHz). Shorter pulses produce a wider range of acoustic frequencies. Frequencies greater than 1 MHz are referred to as ultrasonic, and are also associated with medical ultrasound applications.

Image formation principles

Any thermoacoustic imaging device requires a source of electromagnetic radiation, be it a laser or a microwave antenna, to deliver energy to the anatomy being studied, and one or more acoustic detectors coupled acoustically to the outside surface of the anatomy, as is illustrated in Fig. 4. The typical acoustic detector is an ultrasound transducer, which is commonly made of a piezo-electric material that converts detected pressure to an electrical signal. Thermoacoustic waves are induced within the anatomy wherever absorption takes place, and the strength of these thermoacoustic waves is proportional to the energy absorbed within the tissue. Some of these waves propagate through the anatomy over some time interval (time-of-flight) before being detected by one or more of the acoustic transducers. The exact time-of-flight is proportional to the distance between an absorption site and a transducer, assuming for the moment that each transducer is a point detector. For any given time-of-flight, each transducer will receive the sum of the thermoacoustic waves originating at the same distance from the detector in question as is illustrated in Fig. 5. For this reason, ambiguity arises when attempting to localize an absorption site with a point transducer.  A variety of strategies have been employed to mitigate this ambiguity.

Detector geometries
Three generic detector configurations have been used: a spherically focused transducer; a linear (or curve-linear) array of transducers, focused in one dimension; or, a 2D array of unfocused transducers. In general, a single, focused transducer can image a single line through a 3D volume. A linear (1D) array, be it straight or curved, can image a 2D plane, but to image a full 3D volume requires a 2D array of transducers.

Focused Transducer

A spherically focused transducer is most sensitive to thermoacoustic waves originating along a line passing through its focal point. Time-of-flight information is used to estimate the thermoacoustic signal strength along this line.  A 2D image can be assembled a line-at-a-time by translating the focused transducer laterally along a linear path.  A 3D image can be built up by scanning the transducer along a rectilinear path within a 2D plane. The ability to distinguish thermoacoustic signals along the line of focus (axial resolution) is superior to distinguishing thermoacoustic signals transverse to the line of focus (lateral resolution). For this reason the lateral spatial resolution is three- to four-times worse than the axial spatial resolution using this approach.

Linear array
Linear transducer arrays (both curved and straight) are commonly used in conventional medical ultrasound. They are available in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. They are easily adapted for use in thermoacoustic imaging. Figure 7 illustrates how a linear array is used for 2D thermoacoustic imaging. The array consists of a number of elements (64 - 256) that are focused in the vertical dimension to maintain maximum sensitivity within a 2D plane extending outward from the front face of the array. Thermoacoustic signals within the plane are localized by calculating the times-of-flight from each position within the plane to each element of the array (arrows, Fig. 7).

2D array
In order to capture sufficient thermoacoustic data to form an accurate 3D map of electromagnetic absorption, it is necessary to surround the anatomy being imaged with a 2D array of transducers. The world's first 3D thermoacoustic animal scanner (Fig. 8: left panel) accomplished this by combining a cylindrical array of 128 transducers (Fig. 8: center panel) with rotation of the animal being imaged about the vertical axis.  The net result was to capture thermoacoustic data over the surface of a sphere surrounding the animal being imaged (Fig. 8: right panel). This device was capable of visualizing structures as small as 1/3 millimeter. An animated 3D image of the vasculature in the head of a mouse is displayed in Fig. 9. This animated image was acquired using near infrared radiation at 800 nm, where optical absorption by blood is higher than surrounding tissues. Therefore, the vasculature is preferentially visualized.

Microwaves have also been used to form 3D thermoacoustic images of the human breast. One of the first devices to do so is depicted in Fig. 10. It consisted of an array of eight waveguides, which directed microwave energy into the breast.  A transducer array was rotated in synchrony with the waveguides in order to acquire sufficient data to reconstruct the internal structures of the breast. Figure 11 shows an animation of the typical glandular tissue pattern in a normal breast.

References

Further reading

Medical imaging


Elections in May 2005 to elect all 62 councillors to run Warwickshire County Council for the next four years resulted, party politically, in no overall control and as such, a continuation of this status, which was first reached in 1993.  In these elections the largest single party switched to the Conservatives however the administration from 2005 was led by the  Labour Party with ongoing general support of Liberal Democrat party votes.

Summary

|}

Results arranged by district
The county is divided into 59 divisions i.e. wards which can be grouped into five districts with between 8 and 15 wards.

North Warwickshire

Nuneaton and Bedworth

Rugby

Stratford upon Avon

Warwick

 Wards marked with a star elect two members

References

2005
2005 English local elections
2000s in Warwickshire


Svend Rindom (30 June 1884 – 11 December 1960) was a Danish screenwriter and film actor. He wrote for 36 films between 1911 and 1950 and appeared in approximately twelve films from 1912 to 1943.

He was born in Copenhagen and died in Copenhagen. His wife was actress Ellen Diedrich and his daughter was actress Jessie Rindom. He is buried in the Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen.

Selected filmography
 Master of the House (1925)
 5 raske piger (1933)
 Life on the Hegn Farm (1938)
 Circus (1939)
 Familien Olsen (1940)
 Tyrannens fald (1942)
 Affæren Birte (1945)
 De kloge og vi gale (1945)
 Det gælder os alle (1949)
 Love Wins Out (1949)
 Mosekongen (1950)

References

External links

1884 births
1960 deaths
Danish male film actors
Danish male silent film actors
20th-century Danish male actors
Danish male screenwriters
Male actors from Copenhagen
20th-century Danish screenwriters


Cleofa Malatesta da Pesaro (also Cleofe, Cleopa or Cleopha) (floruit 1420 – died 1433) was an Italian noblewoman and the wife of Theodore II Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea, brother of Constantine XI, the last Byzantine emperor. She was a daughter of Malatesta dei Sonetti, Count of Pesaro, and Elisabetta da Varano. She married Theodore Palaiologos in Mystras on January 21, 1421, or sometime in 1422 in an arranged marriage that was part of an initiative of her uncle, Pope Martin V, to join Western (Roman Catholic) with Orthodox nobility, who in this way hoped to gain political alliances against the Ottoman Turks.

Marriage
On the 20th of August 1420, Cleofa left Italy embarking from Fano near Pesaro for Constantinople. She was accompanied by another young bride, Sophia of Montferrat, who was to marry John VIII Palaiologos, Theodore's brother. For the occasion of Cleofa's marriage, a celebratory motet has been preserved written by the famous Renaissance composer Guillaume Dufay, Vasilissa ergo gaude ("So rejoice, Queen", using the Greek title for "queen", βασίλισσα). The text of the motet describes her as young, beautiful and a competent speaker of both Italian and Greek. Yet another piece of music praising Cleofa, the ballata Tra quante regione was composed in the 1420s by Hugo de Lantins to celebrate her marriage to the Byzantine prince.

Cleofa and Theodoros lived in Mystras in the Peloponnese, one of the last strongholds of Byzantine culture. After some difficult years of marriage, she finally gave in to local pressures and allowed it to be believed that she had converted to the Eastern rite. She had one daughter, Helena Palaiologina, who later married King John II of Cyprus.

Cleofa died in 1433. Her death was commemorated with speeches by Bessarion, later to become a cardinal in Italy, and in a eulogy written by the eminent Greek neoplatonic philosopher Gemistus Pletho.

Possible grave
In the 20th century, remains of the body of a woman clothed in western dress were found in a 15th-century grave in the church of Ag. Sophia of Mystras. It has been speculated that this grave may have been Cleofa's.

References

Sources
Primary sources
Diana G. Wright: "Pavane for a dead princess"

Further reading
Silvia Ronchey. L'enigma di Piero, Rizzoli, 2006.
George Leonardos. Cleopa.La Princessa di Mystra, Oceanos Books,reprinted from the edition of 2003, Athens  20017, Greece

1433 deaths
15th-century Italian nobility
15th-century Byzantine people
15th-century Italian women
People from the Despotate of the Morea
Cleofa
Palaiologos dynasty
People from Pesaro
Year of birth unknown
15th-century Byzantine women


Optimalny Variant (, Optimal Variant) is a Russian rock group.

It was formed in Moscow, Soviet Union, by Oleg Chilap (also known as O! Chilap, vocals and acoustic guitar), Alexander Lipnitsky (bass) and Pyotr Anikin (drums), with a purpose to "oppose the existed rock-movements in Moscow". The group was influenced by the music of The Beatles, poems of Alexander Blok and marxist theory.

The poetry of O! Chilap is full of original metaphors and kalamburs. His lyrics reflect a philosophical view of life, with man's inner freedom constituting the central idea.

Optimalny Variant was awarded by prizes at rock-festivals, included "Beatlomania" of 1989. They are organizing the "Apple Years Street" Yearly Festival.

Optimalny Variant was considered by Rossiyskaya Gazeta as the main successor of "post-Beatles period moods and harmonies" on Russian rock scene.

Selected discography
PoshliNa, 1988
Rizhiy albom, 1998
Legends of Russian Rock, 2003

Sources
Rock Music in the USSR, Moscow, 1990, p. 260-261

External links
Official Site
OV at Peoples.ru

Musical groups from Moscow
Russian rock music groups
Soviet rock music groups


The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra is a Mosaic Records limited edition compilation of all previously released songs from the five Solid State Records (later Blue Note) instrumental releases of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra.   Several unissued and/or alternate takes from the original album recording sessions are also included as well as two songs previously released only as a single.

Track listing
CD 1
 "ABC Blues"
 "Kids Are Pretty People"
 "Don’t Ever Leave Me"
 "Once Around"
 "Three And One"
 "Balanced Scales = Justice"
 "Willow Weep For Me"
 "Mean What You Say"
 "Sophisticated Lady"
 "Willow Tree"
 "Hawaii"

CD 2
 "The Little Pixie"
 "A- That’s Freedom"
 "The Second Race"
 "Willow Tree"
 "Quietude"
 "Bachafillen"
 "Lover Man"
 "Mornin’ Reverend"

CD 3
 "Samba Con Getchu"
 "Willow Tree"
 "Don’t Git Sassy"
 "Say It Softly"
 "Mornin’ Reverend"
 "Kids Are Pretty People"
 "The Second Race"

CD 4
 "St. Louis Blues"
 "The Waltz You Swang For Me"
 "Central Park North"
 "Jive Samba"
 "Quietude"
 "Big Dipper"
 "Tow Away Zone"
 "The Groove Merchant"

CD 5
 "Consummation"
 "Dedication"
 "Tiptoe"
 "It Only Happens Every Time"
 "Fingers"
 "Us"
 "A Child Is Born"
 "Ahunk Ahunk"

Personnel
See personnel listing of original recordings:

References

 Mosaic	MD5-151 (5 CDs), Mosaic MR7-151 (7 LPs)
 Yanow, Scott, AllMusic.com

1994 compilation albums
The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra compilation albums


The Red Bull Drifting World Championship is a non-championship all-star drifting contest sponsored by Red Bull energy drink and hosted by IMG and Slipstream Global Marketing, the organizers behind Formula D. The event took place at the Port of Long Beach in Long Beach, California on November 15–16, 2008.

Announced prior to the Las Vegas Formula D round on July 14, at $50,000, it boasts of the largest prize money in a drifting contest and the largest TV production for a drift contest.

The inaugural event was won by Rhys Millen, incidentally sponsored by Red Bull, taking home $25,000.

Criteria for eligibility
As there are 32 places for the event, drivers from all over the world are given a place should they meet these following criteria:
Finish at the Top 16 in the Formula D points table
Become the championship winner at these following oversea drifting events listed below, should that not happen, they are eligible to take up any available runner up spot should it be offered to them.
D1NZ (New Zealand)
Drift Mania Canadian Championship (Canada)
Drift Australia (Australia)
European Drift Championship (United Kingdom)
International Drift Series (Germany)
Pro Drift European Series (Ireland)
Nordic Drifting Championship (Scandinavia)
D1 Grand Prix (Japan)
NZ Drift Series (New Zealand)
Have been D1GP title holder in the past years
Have won the exhibition Formula D Singapore event

Venue
Taking place on  lot of newly laided up asphalt on Port of Long Beach, in a course known as "Pier S".

The entire venue had to be built from scratch, however temporary. Altogether, the venue in all, accounting for three grandstands, borrowed from those of the Long Beach Grand Prix and the 2,000 seating for VIP and sponsor are designed to accommodate up to 25,000 spectators.

The course length is , with another  to allow for a rolling start with six corners outlined by a Red Bull sign. Drivers who had driven on the track are said to be capable of reaching  during test runs.

List of invited drivers

With the exception of Formula D, each series are allocated two entries, including D1GP, who following negotiation, were given six invites

When negotiation broke down, D1 drivers were discouraged from taking invites, therefore they were approached directly by the FD management to find out that they invited entrants, the former D1GP champions in particular, had to decline their entries for the reason of scheduling conflicts. Kumakubo declined his as he was due to take part in a drift demo in Dubai, Kazama, despite no longer involved in the series, declined because of schedule clash.

Former D1GP judge, competitor and Super GT driver, Orido was forced to decline his invitation as he was competing in the WTCC Guia Race at Macau on the same weekend, as was fellow judge and returning competitor Taniguchi, was taking part in a Super Taikyu race in Japan.

Other than that,  and 2003 champion, Imamura declined his as he was unable to attend, the 2007 champion Kawabata declined his entry, but it was revealed that "conflict of interest" led them to decline. Saito, who originally accepted his entry, was forced to decline his entry for the same reason, although it was rumored that he placed two cars in a container to make its way to the event. Millen backed this claim of the organisation's bullying tactic during an interview

Only one FD driver, Tuerck, declined for budgetary reason as he is lacking a title sponsor, funding could not stretch for the event, therefore Mohan took his place. Santos, Bolger and Ruiterman made up the rest of the available slot.

Qualifying

Knockout stage

Notes

References

External links
Official Red Bull site
Official Formula D site

Formula D
Drifting World Championship


Gunnar Jordfald (born 4 May 1946) is a Norwegian civil servant.

He graduated as a siv.ing from the Norwegian Institute of Technology.  He was acting director of the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority from 1990 to 1992, director of the now-defunct Norwegian Food Control Authority from 1998 to 2003 and director of the Norwegian Institute for Air Research since 2003.  He has also worked for Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Forskningsråd and the United Nations Environment Programme.

References

1946 births
Living people
Directors of government agencies of Norway
Norwegian civil servants
Norwegian engineers
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni


The demographics of Uttar Pradesh is a complex topic, which is undergoing dynamic change.  Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous state, and the largest subdivision in the world. It has a population of about 199,812,341 as per the 2011 census. If it were a separate country, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous nation, next only to China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia. Uttar Pradesh has a population more than that of Pakistan. There is an average population density of 828 persons per km² i.e. 2,146 per sq mi. The capital of Uttar Pradesh is Lucknow, and Prayagraj serves as the state’s judicial capital. Hindus and Muslims both consider the state as a holy place.

The peripheral regions of Uttar Pradesh, are home to a number of tribal communities such as Agaria, Baiga, Bhar, Bhoksa, Bind, Chero, Gond, Kol and Korwa.  Five of these tribal communities have been recognised by the Government of India as disadvantaged scheduled tribes, viz. Tharus, Boksas, Bhotias, Jaunswaris and Rajis. The Literacy rate of the state according to the 2011 Census is 70.69%. With the literacy rate for Males at 79.20%, while it is 59.30% for the Females. While this is still below the national average of 74.04% (82.14% for men, 65.16% for women) the rate of growth has been much higher in Uttar Pradesh as compared to the rest of India.

District
As of the 2011 census, Prayagraj is the most populous district of Uttar Pradesh while Mahoba being the least populated. Only 3 districts of Jaunpur, Azamgarh and Deoria have a sex ratio greater than 1000 while Gautam Buddha Nagar stands lowest in the tally with a very low ratio of 851. On the contrary, Gautam Buddha Nagar scores highest in literacy rate at 80.12% and Kanpur Nagar 2nd at 79.54%, while both being the poorest districts in terms of sex-ratio, depicting a negative-correlation among literacy and sex-ratio in this case. Districts of Srawasti, Bahraich and Balrampur haven't even crossed the 50% literacy mark yet.

The following table enumerates population, sex-ratio and literacy rates for each district of Uttar Pradesh:

Rank of districts

Following rankings are as per Population Census 2011.

By area
 Lakhimpur Kheri -8,780
 Sonbhadra - 6,999
 Hardoi - 5,986
 Bahraich - 5,745
 Sitapur - 5,743

By population
 Allahabad - 5,954,391
 Moradabad - 4,772,006
 Ghaziabad - 4,681,645
 Azamgarh - 4,613,913
 Lucknow - 4,589,838
 Kanpur Nagar - 4,581,268
 Jaunpur - 4,494,204
 Sitapur - 4,483,992
 Bareilly - 4,448,359
 Gorakhpur - 4,440,895

By population density
 Ghaziabad - 1995
 Varanasi - 1954
 Lucknow - 1456
 Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi) - 1409
 Kanpur Nagar - 1369

By literacy
 Gautam Budha Nagar(Noida) - 80.12%
 Kanpur Nagar - 79.65%
 Auraiya - 78.95%
 Etawah - 78.41%
 Ghaziabad - 78.07%

By sex ratio
 Jaunpur - 1024
 Azamgarh -1018
 Deoria - 1003
 Mau - 984
 Pratapgarh - 982
 Ambedkar Nagar- 978
 Faizabad - 972
 Sultanpur - 965
 Basti - 963
 Sant Kabir Nagar -960

Religion
In Uttar Pradesh the religion-wise percentage of population is Hindus 79.7, Muslims 19.3, Sikhs 0.3, Christians 0.2, Jains 0.1, Buddhists 0.1 while 0.3 of people have other religion or didn't state one.

District-wise religious population
Population count for each district (with percentages) as per 2011 Census.

Literacy among women is quite low, going as low as 50.59% in Muslim community. On the contrary, the Jain community with quite high literacy rates, for both males and females as well. Also noteworthy is that Sikh and Hindu communities have very poor sex-ratios.

Caste

For accurate caste population data in India, the Government of India has not publicly released Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 caste population data for every single non-SC/ST castes, General castes, OBC/EBCs in India, hence no official figures are available for the same.

As per estimations based on 2011 census, Dalits constitute 21.1% of Uttar Pradesh population. Mallah community is divided in 27 sub-castes. Other Backward Classes (OBCs) constitute 40% of Uttar Pradesh’s population. Yadavs form the single largest group amongst the OBCs, constituting around 40 percent, and forming almost 15 percent of the state's population. There are 200-odd OBCs in U.P. In Uttar Pradesh, Muslims are divided into 68 castes and sub-castes, 35 of them are OBCs. Forward castes constitute around 18-20% of Uttar Pradesh population, in which Brahmins are about 9% and Rajputs are 8%.

Ethnic groups

Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with a population of over 199.5 million people on 1 March 2011. It is more populated than the world's 242 countries. If independent it would be the 6th largest country in the world as per Population.

At the 2011 census of India, 79.7% of Uttar Pradesh population is Hindu. Muslims make up 19.3% of the population, most of whom are Rohillas, a clan of ethnic Pathans. The remaining population consists of Sikhs, Buddhists, Christians and Jains.

The population of Uttar Pradesh is divided into numerous castes and sub-castes. Historically, Hindu society is divided into four sub-divisions or varnas, the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. Muslims are also divided as the Shias and Sunnis. In actual practice, Hindu society in generally used to be divided into numerous lineage groups called jatis. Each jati is then sub-divided into clans, called gotras.

The peripheral regions of Uttar Pradesh, are home to a number of tribal communities such as Agaria, Baiga, Bhar, Bhoksa, Chero, Gond, Kol and Korwa. Five of these tribal communities have been recognised by the Government of India as disadvantaged scheduled tribes, viz. Tharus, Boksas, Bhotias, Jaunswaris and Rajis.

Languages
Most people in Uttar Pradesh speak Hindi (including Urdu, which is often considered the same language), followed by Awadhi and Bhojpuri.

The dialect map of Uttar Pradesh is complex, but, in general, in three of the five sub regions of UP, viz, the Doab, Rohilkhand, and Bundelkhand, both Western and Eastern Hindi, as well as a mixture of the two are spoken.  E.g., in Upper and parts of lower Doab (till Etawah), various forms of western Hindi are spoken, including Khari boli and Brij Bhasha. In the rest of lower Doab, various mixes of western and Eastern Hindi (Brij Bhasha/ Bundelkhandi and Awadhi) are spoken). Likewise, in Western Bundelkhand, Bundeli (a language closely related with Brij Bhasha) is spoken, while in Eastern Bundelkhand the dialect is still called 'Bundeli' but is part of Eastern Hindi (actually a mixture of Western and Eastern Hindi). In Western Rohilkhand, Khari boli is spoken. in Central Rohilkhand a mix of Awadhi and Khari boli is spoken, while in Eastern Rohilkhand, Awadhi is the dialect.

As mentioned earlier, often these dialects merge into each other, for example in Shahjahanpur, in Rohilkhand, Khari boli merges into Awadhi.

In central-eastern Uttar Pradesh, the Awadhi language is widely spoken. With about 38 million speakers, it is the second most spoken language in Uttar Pradesh according to independent sources. However, in the official figures provided by the Indian census, the figure falls to an meagre four million due to conflation with neighbouring Hindi.

In extreme eastern Uttar Pradesh, the Bhojpuri language is spoken.  It is the third most widely spoken language of Uttar Pradesh after Hindi and Awadhi. It belongs to the Magadhan group of Indo-Aryan languages. This region is known as Bhojpur or Purvanchal. The Bhojpuri variant of Kaithi is the indigenous script of Bhojpuri language.

See also

 Distribution of Scheduled Castes by District in Uttar Pradesh
 List of Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh

References

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar


The Indiana gas boom was a period of active drilling and production of natural gas in the Trenton Gas Field, in the US state of Indiana and the adjacent northwest part of Ohio. The boom began in the early 1880s and lasted into the early 20th century.

When the Indiana natural gas belt was discovered, the citizens were unaware of what they had found. Nearly a decade passed without action to recover the resource. Once its significance was realized, further exploration showed the Indiana gas belt was the largest deposit of natural gas discovered until then. In addition to the massive quantity of natural gas, in the 1890s developers discovered that the field also contained the first giant oil reserve found in the US, with an estimated one billion barrels of oil. The resource was rapidly tapped for use.  Because the gas was being wasted in use, the Indiana General Assembly attempted to regulate its use.  In a series of cases, the Indiana Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the law.

The poor understanding of oil and gas wells at the time led to the loss of an estimated 90% of the natural gas by venting into the atmosphere or by widespread misuse.  By 1902 the yield from the fields began to decline, leading to a switch to alternative forms of energy. With most of the gas removed from the field, there was no longer enough pressure to pump the oil out of the ground.  An estimated  of oil remain in the field.  Advancements in artificial lift technology have led to extraction of some of the oil, but at a relatively slow rate and high cost compared to more productive fields.

Discovery

Natural gas was first discovered in Indiana in 1876. Coal miners in the town of Eaton were boring a hole in search of coal.  After they reached a depth of about , a loud noise came from the ground and a foul odor came from the hole. The event scared the miners.  Some believed that they had breached the ceiling of Hell. They plugged the hole and did not drill any more at that location.

In 1886, Indiana's first commercial gas well was established when George W. Carter, William W. Worthington, and Robert C. Bell hired Almeron H. Crannell to drill another well in Eaton.  Crannell reached gas at a depth of .  When the escaping gas was ignited, the flame reached 10 feet into the air.  Other gas wells were drilled, and in instances, the escaping gas was ignited to advertise the discovery, with the assumption the gas inexhaustible.  The resultant flame was called a flambeaux.

Gas fever swept the state and thousands of gas wells were created.  Explorers found that the gas field was the largest of natural gas fields found up to that date, covering an area of . The belt came to be called the Trenton Gas Field. Drillers found large quantities of oil in addition to the natural gas.

Boom

The gas discovery stimulated the development of industry in East Central Indiana. The Ball Corporation opened in Muncie, using the cheap fuel to make glass. Other manufacturers also moved into the area, including the Kokomo Rubber Company; Hemmingray Bottle and Insulating Glass Company; and Maring, Hart, and Company.

Iron and other metal manufacturers, attracted by the cheap fuel, established factories. The cheap fuel was a primary reason U.S. Steel chose northern Indiana for their operations. Other cities across northern Indiana also grew, including Hartford City and Gas City. Gas City was in the center of the gas field and had access to the strongest pressures, with between  and . In 1890 Gas City had a population of 145, but two years later the Gas City Land Company platted  in anticipation of a population increase to 25,000. Although Gas City did not reach 25,000 in population, its population still increased over 2,000 percent.

Cities outside the field were piped gas, and the fuel was exported across the Midwest. The Indiana Natural Gas and Oil was formed by a group of Chicago businessmen led by Charles Yerkes. The company hired Elwood Haynes as their superintendent and he oversaw the laying of the first long distance natural gas pipeline in the US, connecting Chicago with the Trenton Field over  away. One major use for the gas was to power lighting. The wealth and industry brought by the wells led to a rapid population shift into northern Indiana. Southern Indiana, by comparison, had never recovered from the embargo during the Civil War and was in economic decline.  The northern part of the state attracted new jobs. The boom led to rapid development of pumping and piping technology by the region’s gas and oil companies. Inventors, such as Elwood Haynes, developed many different devices and methods that advanced the industry.

As the use of the gas grew, many scientists warned that more gas was being wasted than was effectively used by industry, and that the supplies would soon run out. Almost every town in northern Indiana had one or more gas wells.  Producers lit a flambeau atop each well to demonstrate the gas was flowing. The Indiana General Assembly attempted to stop the practice by limiting open burning. The law met with tough opposition.  Many town leaders, who had come to rely on the gas revenues dismissed claims that the wells would run dry. This practice wasted much gas; INGO conducted its own investigation and found that its flambeaus wasted $10,000 in gas daily, and ordered the practice stopped. Despite their findings, the other companies did not follow their example. Although INGO implemented anti-waste measures, they were virulently opposed to the regulations that they viewed as hampering to productivity—primarily the regulations aimed at artificially increasing gas pressure.

Elwood Haynes filed a suit a month after the regulations were passed into law, claiming that the government had no authority to regulate the industry. The challenge dragged on in court for several years until the Indiana Supreme Court declared the regulatory laws constitutional in 1896.

Almost every community in the Trenton Field had a gas well. Many were purchased by local governments, which used revenues for community amenities.  Many towns and cities installed free gas lighting throughout their communities, supplied by their own gas wells.  Communities also piped gas to private homes to provide cheap heating fuel, helping to make urban living more desirable. Gas was used to produce electricity that ran electric street cars in several cities.  Businessmen also established corporations to purchase the gas from the local markets and sell it wholesale on the national market.

Decline

Wasteful practices rapidly depleted the gas field.  By the turn of the century, output from the wells began to decline.  Some flambeaus had been burning for nearly two decades; slowly their flames became shorter and weaker. Modern experts estimate that as much as 90% of the natural gas was wasted in flambeau displays. By 1903 factories' and towns' need for alternate sources of energy led to creation of numerous coal-burning electric plants.

Oil lasted a few years longer, but inexperience in the early oil drilling industry led to problems. Producers were unaware of the relation between the pressure provided by natural gas and the ability to pump oil from wells. The pressure began to decline rapidly towards the turn of century. In 1895 the pressure was at 164 psi, in 1897 it was 191 psi, in 1898 173 psi. As the pressure decreased to around 150 psi, oil began to move into the upper part of the field, but since the natural gas had been released and pressure dropped between 130 psi, there was no way to pump out the remaining oil in the field.

Oil production in Indiana peaked in 1905 with over  pumped that year. By 1910 the once abundant resources had slowed to a trickle.  By then new industry had moved into the state, and decline of the gas industry did not have a major negative impact.  The availability of cheap energy had drawn so much new industry that Indiana had become one of the leading industrial states.  The economy of northern Indiana continued to flourish until the Great Depression began in the following decade. In total, over  of natural gas and  of oil are estimated to have been extracted from the field.

Smaller pockets of natural gas exist in Indiana at depths that could not be reached in the boom era.  The state still had a small natural gas producing industry in 2008, but residents and industry consume about twice as much natural gas as the state produces. In 2005 there were 338 active natural gas wells on the Trenton Field. In 2006 Indiana produced more than  of natural gas.  This made it the 24th largest producing state, far below the major producers.

It is estimated that only 10% of the oil was drilled from the Trenton Field, and approximately  may remain. Because of the size of the field, pumping gas back into the well to increase pressure, as is commonly done in smaller fields, is impossible. Because of the depth and limitations of hydraulic pumps, it was never cost effective to use them to extract oil. It was not until the 1990s that efficient methods of artificial lift were invented.  This has allowed some of the oil to extracted, but at far higher cost than when sufficient natural gas is present.

See also

History of Indiana
Peak gas
Trenton Limestone

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links

Oil and Gas in Indiana
"Natural Gas Boom, Tipton County," poem by Jared Carter

Commodity booms
Economy of Indiana
History of Indiana
Natural gas in the United States


Christoffelpark is a national park, protected nature area and tourist attraction at the north-western end of the island of Curaçao surrounding Christoffelberg (Mt Christoffel).

Notable for its flora, fauna, culture and history, the park includes three former plantations, Plantage Savonet, Plantage Zorgvlied and Plantage Zevenbergen, a mine complex, Newton, and the island's highest point, Christoffelberg ().
The park covers 1,860 hectares of which 1,040 hectares are nature reserve, and has been part of Curaçao's national park system since 1978. It forms part of the North-east Curaçao parks and coast Important Bird Area.

 the park is run by the Carmabi Foundation (Caribbean Research and Management of Biodiversity Foundation) and can be explored by visitors by car, bike, horse or on foot.

History
Plantation Savonet in Christoffelpark is one of the earliest plantations to be founded on Curaçao.  the irrigation system is still reasonably intact. Attempts were made to cultivate aloe, indigofera, sorghum, corn, cotton, and beans. Cows, sheep, goats and poultry were also farmed on the plantation.

The plantation houses of Savonet and Zorgvlied (situated at the mountain side of the park) were built on the island in the eighteenth century. Of Zorgvlied only ruins remain. About  west of Zorgvlied ruins is the house of the 'bomba', the slave in charge of other slaves, and a 'slave-pole'.

Roads in the park were sealed in 2004.

Flora and fauna
Chistoffelpark has more biodiversity than elsewhere on the island. Flora present in the park includes three pillar cacti species (datu, kadushi, and kadushi di pushi), divi-divi trees and exotic flowers. Cacti in the park reach up to ten feet high, and several extremely rare orchids, such as the lady of the night and Humboldt's schomburgkia, can be found blooming on them. Plant species occurring only in Christoffelpark include Myrcia curassavica, endemic to Curaçao, and Maytenus versluysii, endemic to Curaçao and Bonaire.

Fauna notable in the park includes mammals like the white-tailed deer, the cottontail, and several species of bats, birds like the rare white-tailed hawk, an endemic subspecies of barn owl (Tyto alba bargei), hummingbirds like the common emerald and the crimson topaz, and the endemic yellow oriole. Reptiles and insects are also well represented.

Tourism

Christoffelpark is open to visitors Monday to Sunday from 6am to 3pm, with no admittance after 1.30 pm. Visitors are not allowed to start climbing Mount Cristoffel after 10am.

There are eight hiking trails in the park, of which the Christoffel Mountain climb is the most challenging. Visitors are advised to attempt this climb early in the morning. There are four sealed roads through the park. Organised tours include a deer-spotting sunset tour, a pick-up safari, and the "Savonet history" tour.

The Savonet Museum is located in the plantation house near the entrance to Christoffelpark, and recounts the history of the Savonet plantation and its owners and slaves.

References

External links
 Official site

Protected areas of Curaçao


The Yakovlev Yak-33 was a vertical takeoff and landing supersonic multi-purpose aircraft family, studied in the early 1960s, with variants of a basic design used to fulfill different roles, in a similar fashion to the Yak-25, Yak-27, Yak-28 family.

Several configurations were studied including canard and tailless deltas, however matching supersonic performance with VTOL ability seriously compromised the design's ability to carry out its primary missions.

Specifications (Yak-33 estimated)

References

Further reading

1960s Soviet fighter aircraft
1960s Soviet bomber aircraft
1960s Soviet military reconnaissance aircraft
VTOL aircraft
Yak-033
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union


A stripper is a performer of striptease, a type of exotic or erotic dance.

Stripper may also refer to:
Stripper (chemistry), reactor used for removing gas from a liquid
Air stripper, one such apparatus
Paint stripper, chemical for removing paint
Stripper (printing), person who joins film negatives in plate preparation
Stripper clip, a firearm accessory
Stripper (agriculture), type of harvesting machine
Tube stripper, used for removing air from medical tubing
Wire stripper, used for removing insulation from electrical wire

Entertainment
 The Stripper, instrumental piece by David Rose
 The Stripper (film), 1963 film
 The Stripper (TV series), Brazilian TV series
 Stripper (film), 1986 documentary of a female stripper's convention
 "Stripper", song from First Album (Miss Kittin & The Hacker album)
 Stripper (song), 2022 song by Achille Lauro


Awatea is a Māori term meaning The dawning of a new day.

 The Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza in Dunedin, New Zealand, known during planning as "Awatea Street Stadium" after its location
 Awatea, a ship used for troop transportation in World War II
 Awatea, a 1969 play by Bruce Mason
 Awatea, a marque of bordeaux-variety red wine from Te Mata Estate vintnery

Awatea is also occasionally found as a unisex given name.


Maja e Malësores is an impressive mountain in the country of Albania. At  elevation, it is located in the central main part of the Accursed Mountains range, 1.5 km northwest of Maja Jezercë. Like Maja e Popllukës, it is also surrounded by many high peaks which are all located in Albania. Deep river canyons and beautiful valleys surround the mountain.

References

External links
archived page from Summitpost, Maja Malisores

Mountains of Albania
Two-thousanders of Albania
Accursed Mountains


The Coupe de France's results of the 1960–61 season. UA Sedan-Torcy won the final played on May 13, 1961, beating Nîmes Olympique.

Round of 16

|}

Quarter-finals

|-
!colspan="3" align="center"|Replay

|-
!colspan="3" align="center"|2nd replay

|}

Semi-finals

Final

References

French federation

1960–61 domestic association football cups
1960–61 in French football
1960-61


James Douglas Edgar (30 September 1884 – 8 August 1921) was an English professional golfer and golf writer.

Early life
Edgar was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. He won the French Open in 1914. He coached the young player Tommy Armour, who became a prominent professional after 1920; Armour later praised Edgar as having helped him the most. The legendary Harry Vardon stated that Edgar was on his way to becoming a player who could surpass everyone.

Golf career
Edgar emigrated to the United States in April 1919, following World War I. He was the head professional at Druid Hills Golf Club in Atlanta. Edgar played frequently with the young Bobby Jones at the Atlanta Athletic Club (the site of today's East Lake Golf Club) from 1919 to 1921. He mentored and coached Jones during this period as well. Jones developed into one of the dominant golfers of the 1920s. Edgar was a friend of Alexa Stirling and gave her golf lessons while he was the professional at Druid Hills.

Edgar won the Canadian Open in 1919 at the Hamilton Golf and Country Club by a record 16 strokes (a winning margin which still stands for a PGA Tour event),  with Jones and Jim Barnes tying for second, and came back the next year to win that title again. He lost the 1920 PGA Championship, one of golf's majors, in a match play final to Jock Hutchison. During 1919–20, Edgar was among the top players in the world.

Edgar wrote a golf book entitled The Gate to Golf, based on his discoveries made in England. Edgar had an ailing hip which he could not turn freely. Through experimentation, he found that a restricted hip turn still allowed a repeatable swing with excellent power and control. This book proved to have significant impact on golf instruction, right up to the present time.

Death
Edgar's death was mysterious. He was found late at night on an Atlanta street, bleeding heavily from a deep wound in his leg, and died in the street before any trained help could arrive. The case was turned over to police but never solved. He left a wife and two children in England. In an article published in Sports Illustrated in April 2010, writer Steve Eubanks wrote that Edgar was having an affair with a married Atlanta woman, and that this likely played a central role in Edgar's death. Eubanks' article was an excerpt from his book To Win and Die in Dixie, a biography of Edgar published later that year. Edgar was buried in Westview Cemetery in Atlanta.

Tournament wins (4)

PGA Tour wins (3)
1919 Canadian Open
1920 Canadian Open, Southern Open

Other wins (1)
this list may be incomplete
1914 French Open

Results in major championships

Note: The Masters Tournament was not founded until 1934.

NYF = Tournament not yet founded
NT = No tournament
CUT = missed the half-way cut
R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play
"T" indicates a tie for a place

See also
List of unsolved murders

References

Books

English male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Golf writers and broadcasters
Golfers from Newcastle upon Tyne
British people murdered abroad
People murdered in Georgia (U.S. state)
Unsolved murders in the United States
1884 births
1921 deaths


Rue Saint-Paul may refer to:
 Rue Saint-Paul (Montreal)
 Rue Saint-Paul (Paris)

See also
 St. Paul Street

Odonyms referring to religion


Sampson Simson (1780 - 7 January 1857) was an Orthodox Jewish American  philanthropist most remembered as "the father of Mount Sinai Hospital."

Biography

Simson was born in Danbury, Connecticut to Solomon Simson. Some sources claim that his father was emigrated from Germany while others claim that his paternal grandfather was a native New Yorker. The Simson family had moved to Danbury during the American Revolution under the leadership of Gershom Seixas, who felt that Danbury would be a better place to live than Tory-controlled New York City.

Simson studied law under Aaron Burr, attended Columbia University in New York City, and graduated in 1800 with a degree in law and was admitted to the bar in 1802, becoming one of the first Jewish lawyers in New York City.

After a few years practice, however, Simson abandoned his law career and retired to his Yonkers farm to devote himself to charitable work. This was on account of his "distaste for an active public life" as well as an accident that left him disabled for a number of months.

He was described as a very pious man with a "New England conscience", a combination of a "public-spirited citizen" and "conformist Jew". Simson was a member of Congregation Shearith Israel and received great pleasure from his charitable contributions, be they to a Catholic church, a Protestant church or a synagogue. He was also said to be a great admirer of President Andrew Jackson.

From 1825 until 1832, Simson served as the 2nd Grand Commander of the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry succeeding Daniel D. Tompkins in this position.

In 1852, Simson, along with eight other men representing various Hebrew charitable organizations, came together to establish the Jews' Hospital in New York, the institution that eventually in 1866 became Mount Sinai Hospital. Its location, West 28th Street between 7th and 8th Avenues in New York City, was on land donated by Simson; he served the first president of its board of directors and personally assumed many of the young hospital's financial burdens. The Jews' Hospital opened two years before his death.

That same year, Simson joined Samuel Myer Isaacs and Adolphus Simeon Solomons to help found the Beth Hamedrash Hagodol.

Personal life

Simson never married but was close to his sister, Mrs. Rebecca Isaacks as well as her two children Moses and Jochebed (or Jessie). All three of them had passed away before Sampson Simson.

Legacy

Simson's estate bequeathed large sums of money to Jewish and general institutions, including $50,000 that, after the death of a niece, should be paid "to any responsible corporation in this city whose permanent fund is established by its charter for the purpose of ameliorating the condition of the Jews in Jerusalem, Palestine." In 1888, the New York State Supreme Court decided that the sum, plus 30 years' interest, was to be paid to the North American Relief Society for Indigent Jews in Jerusalem. However, the niece's heir appealed the ruling, and the New York State Court of Appeals overturned it on what would today be considered a technicality (the difference between "charitable" and "benevolent" purposes), awarding the full amount to the heir.

Mount Sinai Hospital was recently ranked as one of the best hospitals in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.

See also
List of first minority male lawyers and judges in New York

References

External links
 Mount Sinai Hospital homepage
 freemasonry.org

1780 births
1857 deaths
19th-century American philanthropists
American people of German-Jewish descent
Columbia College (New York) alumni
People from Danbury, Connecticut


The Sylva Foundation is an environmental organisation focusing on trees and forestry established in 2006, and registered as a charity in England and Wales in 2009  and with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator in 2010. The organisation was co-founded by Sir Martin Wood and Dr Gabriel Hemery. Its office is at the Sylva Wood Centre in Long Wittenham in Oxfordshire, England.

Sylva Foundation is a national charity supporting sustainable forest management. Sylva Foundation's main programmes are Forestry, Education, Science, and Wood.

In 2013, 20 hectares (12 acres) of land near Long Wittenham was gifted to the charity. In 2016 the charity moved its main office to the site and established the Sylva Wood Centre, which provides a hub for small businesses and craftspeople who design, innovate or make in wood. In 2017 the Sylva Foundation created the Wittenhams Community Orchard  and Future Forest  on its land.

Science

Sylva runs the forestry think-tank, Forestry Horizons, which operates at national and international levels seeking to advance and support forest science and forest policy. Its main activity is the lead partner in delivering a national survey concerning British woodlands; the British Woodlands Survey series.

Education

Sylva Foundation runs a number of education projects, including the OneOak project launched in 2009 following the life story of one oak tree.

Forestry

Sylva Foundation supports sustainable forest management across Britain via the myForest service.  Woodland owners and managers can map and measure their woodlands using web-based tools. Sylva Foundation has close links with many organisations as it seeks to work as a catalyst for innovation and as bridge between forestry-related organisations.

Wood
The charity opened the Sylva Wood Centre as a hub for small businesses and craftspeople who design, innovate or make in wood. The centre provides dedicated space, equipment and an inspiring community of woodworking professionals. Alongside business units for established businesses it provides facilities to support business incubation.

References

External links
 Sylva Foundation main website
 OneOak education project
 myForest project

Forest conservation organizations
2008 establishments in England
Organizations established in 2008
Organisations based in Oxfordshire
Forestry in the United Kingdom
Sustainable forest management
Charities based in England