is a former Japanese football player.

Playing career
Shimokawa was born in Amagasaki on November 17, 1975. After dropped out from Momoyama Gakuin University, he joined J1 League club Cerezo Osaka in 1996. Although he could not play at all in the match behind Gilmar Rinaldi, he became a regular goalkeeper from July 1997. He played many matches as regular goalkeeper for a long time and the club won the 2nd place 2001 and 2003 Emperor's Cup. However his opportunity to play decreased behind young goalkeeper Daisuke Tada in 2003. In 2004, he moved to Kawasaki Frontale. However he could hardly play in the match behind Shinya Yoshihara and Takashi Aizawa. In 2006, he moved to Oita Trinita. He battles with Shusaku Nishikawa for the position. Although he could hardly play in the match behind in 2006, he played many matches for Nishikawa's injury and poor performance in 2007 and 2008. The club also won the champions 2008 J.League Cup first major title in the club history. However he could hardly play in the match in 2009 and the club was relegated to J2 League. The club released many players including Nishikawa end of 2009 season due to their financial problems. In 2010, although he played as regular goalkeeper, his opportunity to play decreased behind young goalkeeper Keisuke Shimizu and he retired end of 2010 season.

Club statistics

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
Momoyama Gakuin University alumni
Association football people from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Cerezo Osaka players
Kawasaki Frontale players
Oita Trinita players
Men's association football goalkeepers


Star Racer is a reality-genre TV show which originally aired on Discovery Channel Canada in 2006. It has been airing from October 2008 on Discovery's HD Theater, partly filmed from Circuit Mont-Tremblant. Star Racer chronicles the discovery and episode-by-episode elimination of some of the top amateur drivers in Canada over a period of 8 weeks. Racers participate in weekly racing events on an odyssey to prove themselves as the top talent. Host Yannick Bisson sets the stakes, and is the liaison between the drivers, the judges, and the audience. Eight racers from the world of Kart racing and eight drivers from other racing disciplines vie for the title of "Star Racer" and a career-making prize. The prize is a ride in the Formula Mazda Championship Racing Series where they will test their skills against professional racers.

Cast
Host:
Yannick Bisson

The Judges:
former F1 and Indycar driver and commentator Derek Daly
former Champcar/CART driver Canadian Paul Tracy
Champcar and DTM Driver Katherine Legge
Jim Russell Chief Instructor Philippe Letourneau
Performance Coach Dr. Jacques Dallaire

The Contestants:
Adam Boutaleb
Chris Green
Stefany Malanka
Devin Cunningham - Winner
Lorenzo Mandarino - Finalist
Ed Hunt
Kyle Herder
Philippe Gelinas
Rahul Dua
Pearce Herder
Kristina Allinson
Blake Choquer
Robin Ng
Jenn Carlson
Matt Champagne
Darrel Vallie
PJ Gronke
Jenn Carlson
Rob Oakman
Jennifer Rempel

References

External links

 Discovery HD, Star Racer

2000s Canadian reality television series
Discovery Channel (Canada) original programming


The 2009 Heineken Cup Final was the final match of the 2008–09 Heineken Cup, the 14th season of Europe's top club rugby union competition. The match was played on 23 May 2009 at Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh; this was the second time that the Heineken Cup final had been held at Murrayfield after the 2005 final, when Toulouse beat Stade Français 18–12 after extra time.

The match was contested by Leicester Tigers of England and Leinster of Ireland. While Leinster were making their first appearance in the Heineken Cup final, Leicester were playing in their fifth, having won the competition twice, though not since 2002; they did, however, finish as runners-up in 2007.

Leinster won the match 19–16; Leinster took the lead via an early drop goal from Brian O'Driscoll, only for Julien Dupuy to equalise with a penalty a couple of minutes later. Leinster then moved 9–3 ahead with a drop goal from the halfway line and a penalty from Johnny Sexton. However, after Stan Wright was sin-binned on the half-hour mark for an off-the-ball challenge on Sam Vesty, Leicester reduced the deficit to three points with another Dupuy penalty, before taking a 13–9 half-time lead via a converted try from Ben Woods. Dupuy increased Leicester's lead to seven points with a third penalty goal just after the interval, but a converted try from Jamie Heaslip brought the teams level with half an hour left to play. Then, with ten minutes left on the clock, Sexton squeezed a penalty inside the right-hand upright to win the match for Leinster.

Background
Murrayfield Stadium was chosen as the venue for the 2009 Heineken Cup Final on 19 May 2008. The 2009 final was the second Heineken Cup final to be hosted by the 67,778-capacity stadium, following the 2005 final, when Toulouse beat Stade Français 18–12 after extra time in front of 51,000 spectators.

The 2009 final was Leinster's first Heineken Cup final, although they had reached the semi-final stage on three other occasions: in 1995–96, 2002–03 and 2005–06, when they were knocked out by Cardiff RFC, Perpignan and Munster respectively. Leicester, however, had reached the final on four other occasions: 1997, 2001, 2002 and 2007; they won the competition in 2001 and 2002, beating Stade Français and Munster, but lost out to Brive in 1997 and London Wasps in 2007.

Nigel Owens of Wales was named as the match referee for the 2009 final on 13 May 2009, making him the second official to referee consecutive Heineken Cup finals after England's Chris White. Frenchman Christophe Berdos was appointed as fourth official.

Route to the final

Leinster
For the pool stage draw, the 24 entrants were divided up into four tiers based on their European Rugby Club ranking; each group would consist of one team from each tier, and no country could have more than one team in the same group – with the exception of France, which would have two teams in one group. Leinster was placed in Tier 2, which would mean that they would avoid being drawn with teams like Gloucester, Sale Sharks and the Scarlets, but they could still be drawn with Toulouse, Stade Français, the Ospreys and the Cardiff Blues. They ended up being drawn in Pool 2 alongside London Wasps, Castres and Edinburgh.

Leinster won four of their pool stage matches, but a Matchday 5 defeat to Wasps meant that they had to equal or better the London side's result on the final matchday to be guaranteed a place in the knockout stage as group winners. In the end, Leinster's 12–3 win over Edinburgh was sufficient as Wasps were defeated in Castres and Leinster qualified as the sixth seeds for the quarter-finals, meaning that they would have to play away to third seeds Harlequins in the quarter-finals.

Leinster's quarter-final against Harlequins was the last of the quarter-finals to be played, and also the lowest-scoring: Harlequins responded to two first-half penalties from Felipe Contepomi with a 65th-minute try from Mike Brown; Chris Malone had the chance to give Harlequins the lead, but his conversion attempt went wide of the far post. Brown also missed with a long-range penalty, while an injured Nick Evans, who had come on as a blood replacement under dubious circumstances, sent a last-minute drop goal attempt wide to give Leinster a 6–5 win.

The draw for the semi-finals was also made in January 2009, with the winners of Leinster's quarter-final due to play against either Munster or the Ospreys. Munster came through their quarter-final comfortably, beating the Ospreys 43–9 to set up an all-Irish semi-final. As Heineken Cup holders and newly crowned champions of the Celtic League, Munster went into the game as favourites, but Leinster drew first blood with an early drop goal from fly-half Felipe Contepomi. Ronan O'Gara equalised with a penalty shortly after. Several minutes later, Leinster suffered a major blow when Contepomi went down with what proved to be a cruciate ligament injury. A penalty from Contepomi's replacement, Johnny Sexton, and an unconverted try from Gordon D'Arcy gave Leinster an 11–3 lead; a second penalty from O'Gara reduced Leinster's half-time lead to 11–6. Another try for Leinster, this time from Luke Fitzgerald, just after the interval put them two scores ahead, before Brian O'Driscoll intercepted a pass from Ronan O'Gara to score under the posts and round off a 25–6 win for Leinster. The match marked the first time that a club rugby match had been played at Croke Park, and the 82,208 attendance for the match set a new world record in club Rugby Union.

Leicester Tigers
Based on their European Club Rugby ranking, Leicester Tigers were placed in Tier 1 for the pool stage draw, meaning that they would avoid being drawn with Toulouse, Stade Français and holders Munster. They were eventually drawn into Pool 3 with Perpignan, the Ospreys and Benetton Treviso.

Four wins in their first five matches meant that Leicester went into their final pool match against the Ospreys needing only a point to reach the knockout stage. Within 15 minutes of the match kicking off, they were already 6–3 down; the score remained that way until half-time, after which the two teams continued to trade penalties, resulting in a final score of 15–9 to the Ospreys. The six-point margin gave the Tigers the losing bonus point they needed and they qualified for the quarter-finals as pool winners. Their pool record meant that they were given the fourth seed for the quarter-finals, meaning that they would face a home match against the fifth seeds, Bath.

Leicester went into the quarter-finals as the joint-top try scorers from the pool stage, while Bath had the second-lowest number of tries. Nevertheless, it was Bath substitute Shaun Berne who scored the first try of the quarter-final, going 7–6 up after Sam Vesty had scored two penalties in the first quarter of the game. After half-time, the two teams traded penalties before Joe Maddock crossed for Bath's second try in the 64th minute. Vesty levelled the scores at 15–15 soon after, but just as the match looked like it was heading to extra time, Leicester's replacement scrum-half Julien Dupuy feinted to pass back to Vesty in the pocket for a match-winning drop goal before scurrying through a gap at the base of the ruck on the edge of Bath's 22-metre line to score a try. Leicester's 20–15 win secured them a place in the semi-finals, where they would play the Cardiff Blues, who had beaten Toulouse 9–6 earlier that day.

The Blues were the only team to come through the pool stage unbeaten and, going into the quarter-finals, they were the joint-top try scorers in the competition, along with Leicester themselves. Ben Blair gave Cardiff the lead with a penalty before the 15-minute mark, but Leicester responded with a converted try from Scott Hamilton and a Julien Dupuy penalty to take the score to 10–3. Cardiff hit back with three penalties of their own before Dupuy slotted over to give Leicester a 13–12 half-time lead. After half-time, Leicester increased their lead with a converted try from Geordan Murphy and two more penalties from Dupuy; however, only a few minutes later, the Tigers were hit with two quick-fire sin-binnings, and the Blues took full advantage by scoring two converted tries from Jamie Roberts and Tom James to tie the scores at 26–26 and send the game into extra time. Aside from two missed drop goal attempts from Johne Murphy and Aaron Mauger, extra time was largely uneventful and the match went to the first penalty shootout in Heineken Cup history. The first seven kicks in the shootout were all successful, giving Cardiff a 4–3 lead before Johne Murphy stepped up; however, the Irish winger missed the target, giving Tom James a chance to win the shootout for the Blues, only for the Welshman to miss his kick, allowing Scott Hamilton to convert and take the shootout to sudden death. Both teams successfully converted two more kicks before Martyn Williams wildly hooked his attempt wide and Jordan Crane slotted over to send Leicester into the final.

Match
Leinster beat Leicester 19–16. They led Leicester 9–3 within 30 minutes following drop goals by Brian O'Driscoll and Johnny Sexton and a penalty by Sexton. They then had Stan Wright sin-binned, with Leicester moving into a 13–9 lead at half-time thanks to a Ben Woods try. Leinster's Jamie Heaslip scored a try to level the scores in the second half, with Sexton scoring another penalty to win the match ten minutes before the end.

Match details

Reaction
Ireland's Taoiseach Brian Cowen attended the match and said he was "absolutely delighted" and that it was a "real pleasure" to be present at a "hugely exciting match". He said it had been part of "a golden year" for the sport in Ireland.

John Gormley, leader of the Irish Green Party, said the team deserved "the country's fullest praise and admiration" for lifting themselves "to the very heights of the international game".

The British media reported in the aftermath that "everything Irish rugby touches at the moment turns to gleaming silver".

The Leinster team were welcomed back at a special ceremony in their regular home ground, the RDS Arena, on 24 May 2009. Spectators did not have to pay to attend this celebration, which also featured live music and family activities.

Leicester were reported to have taken "their considerable disappointment on the chin".

See also
2008–09 Heineken Cup

References

External links
Official site

2009
Final
2008–09 in Irish rugby union
2008–09 in English rugby union
Rugby union in Edinburgh
Leicester Tigers matches
Leinster Rugby matches
International sports competitions in Edinburgh
2000s in Edinburgh


is a Japanese football player. He plays for Honda Lock.

Club statistics

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Association football people from Kumamoto Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League players
Oita Trinita players
Sagan Tosu players
Renofa Yamaguchi FC players
Kamatamare Sanuki players
Minebea Mitsumi FC players
Men's association football defenders


was a designer of ukiyo-e style Japanese woodblock prints in Osaka, who was active from about 1813 to 1833.  He was a pupil of Asayama Ashikuni, and was also a haiku poet. Ashiyuki is best known for his ōban sized (about 14 by 10 inches or 36 by 25 centimeters), prints of kabuki actors, although he also illustrated books, and designed surimono.

Nagakuni
Gigadō Ashiyuki used the name "Nagakuni" (長国) from about 1814 to 1821.  There is another Osaka printmaker who in known as either Shūei Nagakuni or as Naniwa Nagakuni.  This latter artist was a student of Nagahide and was active from about 1814 to the 1820s.

Collections
His work is held in the permanent collections of many museums worldwide, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Walters Art Museum, the Van Gogh Museum, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the Finnish National Gallery, the Birmingham Museums, the British Museum, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum.

References

 Keyes, Roger S. & Keiko Mizushima, The Theatrical World of Osaka Prints, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1973, 261, 270.
 Lane, Richard. (1978).  Images from the Floating World, The Japanese Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ;  OCLC 5246796
 Newland, Amy Reigle. (2005). Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints.  Amsterdam: Hotei. ;  OCLC 61666175
 Roberts, Laurance P. (1976). A Dictionary of Japanese Artists. New York: Weatherhill. ;  OCLC 2005932

Ukiyo-e artists
19th-century Japanese artists
19th-century Japanese poets


is a former Japanese football player and is the current assistant head coach of J1 League club Cerezo Osaka . His brother is Yutaro Takahashi.

Club statistics

Honors
J.League Cup : 2008

References

External links

Profile at Cerezo Osaka

1983 births
Living people
Fukuoka University alumni
People from Yame, Fukuoka
Association football people from Fukuoka Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
Oita Trinita players
Cerezo Osaka players
Men's association football midfielders


is a former Japanese football player who mostly played for Ventforet Kofu.

His older brother Shota is also a professional football player.

Club statistics
Updated to 23 February 2020.

References

External links
Profile at Ventforet Kofu

1985 births
Living people
Waseda University alumni
Association football people from Nagasaki Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Oita Trinita players
Ventforet Kofu players
Men's association football defenders


Ercan Akbay (born 12 February 1959 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish writer, painter, and musician. After studying finance at university, he has worked in many different sectors in his life; he now devotes his time to writing and painting. He has written two novels and one collection of stories. He also regularly exhibits his paintings and has released two albums of music.

Biography
As a young man, Akbay read widely, admired contemporary Latin and Anglo-Saxon singer-songwriters, and started composing his own poetry accompanied by guitar, which he taught himself to play. He describes his music, painting and writing as an expression of his experiences and his inner life.

He was educated at Kadiköy Maarif College in Istanbul from 1970 to 1978, then the Faculty of Business Administration of Istanbul University from 1978 to 1984. He started work the same day as starting university. After working in the tourism and electronics sectors, he became self-employed, engaged in various different work, including managing a jazz club, starting a number of companies in various fields, and betting on financial markets. He has worked in the stock market, real estate, music and ballet production, old film and record restoration, concert and sound recording and film editing, book cover and poster design, and other fields.

He produced A Summer's Night, a performance of his spoken and sung poetry, in 1989, followed by Tales of the Weird, an experimental album based on his book of the same name, released in 1996.

Towards the end of 1997, he wrote Men Don't Cry. Due to a problem with his publishing house, there was a five-year gap in his writing until 2002. In 2006, he finished his novel What Time is It Mr Wolf?, originally intended as a TV script. In 2007, he reached an agreement to reprint all of his books.

His paintings from after 2006 are exhibited regularly at several art galleries of Istanbul.

Published books
Kuraldışı Öyküler 1997
Tales of the Weird
Erkekler Ağlamaz 1997 Men Don't Cry– Novel
Tilki tilki saat kaç? 2007 What time is it, Mr. Wolf? – novel
Değirmenlere Karşı 2009 Against Windmills – novel
Ten Kokusu 2011 Scent of Skin – novel
Yol Ayrimlari 2012 Crossroads – novel

Discography
A Summer's Night – 1989 Adventure Records
Tales of the Weird – 1996 Audeon Music

References

1959 births
Living people
Artists from Istanbul
Turkish musicians
Turkish painters
Turkish writers


is a former Japanese football player.

Playing career
Uemoto was born in Ibusuki on June 1, 1982. After graduating from high school, he joined J1 League club Júbilo Iwata in 2001. However he could hardly play in the match in the club have many Japan national team players Hideto Suzuki, Makoto Tanaka and so on. In 2005, he moved to J1 club Oita Trinita. He became a regular player as left back of three backs defense and played many matches for a long time. The club won the champions 2008 J.League Cup first major title in the club history. However the club was relegated to J2 League end of 2009 season and he was released from the club due to their financial problems. In 2010, he moved to J1 club Cerezo Osaka. He played many matches as regular center back with Teruyuki Moniwa. In 2012, he moved to J1 club Vegalta Sendai. He played as regular center back with Jiro Kamata in 2012. However he could not play many matches for injuries from 2013. In 2016, he moved to J2 club V-Varen Nagasaki. However he could hardly play in the match. In 2017, he moved to J3 League club Kagoshima United FC based in his local. He played many matches and retired end of 2017 season.

Club statistics

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Association football people from Kagoshima Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Júbilo Iwata players
Oita Trinita players
Cerezo Osaka players
Vegalta Sendai players
V-Varen Nagasaki players
Kagoshima United FC players
Men's association football defenders


Nagakuni (長国) is a Japanese name that may refer to:

 Nagakuni, also known as Gigadō Ashiyuki, a Japanese designer of ukiyo-e art
 Niwa Nagakuni (1834–1904), a Japanese daimyō


Eugène Jamot (14 November 1879 – 24 April 1937) was a French military medicine in the colonial troops who played a major role in the prevention of sleeping sickness in Cameroun and other central African countries.

He was born in the hamlet of La Borie, part of the commune of Saint-Sulpice-les-Champs, in the Creuse département of central France. Jamot trained as a medical doctor at the University of Montpellier. In 1909, he enrolled at the Marseilles School of Tropical Medicine and a year later, in 1910 he went to Cameroon with a French colonial hygiene group. They joined German scientists who had organised a Sleeping Sickness Treatment Research Group. Jamot discovered that the tsetse fly was the vector of the trypanosomes causing the disorder. By sending multiple public health intervention teams in villages, Jamot's team considerably reduced the incidence of trypanosomiasis, and thus, its transmission, in Cameroun and hence the disease.

Later Jamot was made director of the Pasteur Institute at Brazzaville. He died on 24 April 1937, in the village of Sardent, Creuse.

Biography

Early life and training
Eugène Léon Clovis Jamot was born in 1879 in La Borie, a hamlet in the commune of Saint-Sulpice-les-Champs, from a modest peasant family. He did his secondary studies at the Collège d' Aubusson, a brilliant student but rowdy and undisciplined, he behaved like a "gang leader" according to his teachers.

He passed his baccalaureate in Clermont in 1898 and enrolled in the Faculty of Sciences of Poitiers where he obtained his license in 1900. To obey the wishes of his father who wanted him to become a teacher, he left for Algeria in 1902 to occupy positions of "repetiteur" (term of the time to designate an assistant professor). His medical vocation was born in Algiers where he enrolled to obtain his Certificat d'études physiques, chimiques et biologiques (certificate of physical, chemical and natural studies, known as PCN)

Back in mainland France in 1903, he taught at the Lycée de Montpellier, while continuing his studies at the Faculty of Medicine of Montpellier. After his marriage and the birth of his first child, he obtained his doctorate in June 1908.

Career
In 1908, Jamot settled as a country doctor in Sardent in his native Creuse, where he practised for two years before giving up for unclear reasons. In 1910, he passed the “lateral” entrance examination (open to civilians) for the School of Application of the Colonial Troops Health Service in Marseille, known as the “École du Pharo”. Leaving this high place of training in colonial medicine in 1911, he embarked for Chad as a 2nd class aide-major (doctor second lieutenant) in the Ouadaï battalion where he obtained his first military citation.

Back in mainland France in 1913, he was assigned to the 5th Colonial Infantry Regiment of Cherbourg. He enrolled in courses at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, specialising in parasitosis. At the end of his internship, in 1914, he was appointed deputy director of the Pasteur Institute in Brazzaville, a post he did not immediately occupy because of the First World War.

He embarked for Equatorial Africa in July 1914, but war broke out during the crossing. Jamot was mobilized on August 1, 1914, as head doctor of the Franco-Belgian "Sangha-Cameroon" column among the troops engaged against the German colony of Cameroon. During the capture of Yaoundé in January 1916, Jamot obtained two new military citations.

In Cameroon, Jamot observed the ravages of sleeping sickness among the population. He decided to resume the fight against this disease, initiated by the Germans. In April 1917, he was charged by the Governor-General of the French Equatorial Africa (AEF) with organising the fight against sleeping sickness in Oubangui-Chari. In 1922, he moved to Ayos in Cameroon. He went to Paris in 1925 to present his first work and results, proclaiming "I will awaken the black race". In 1926, by ministerial decree, he became head of the “Permanent Mission for the Prophylaxis of Sleeping Sickness”.

In 1931, in view of the results obtained, Jamot, who had become a Doctor-Colonel, was at the height of his glory. He was in Paris for the International Colonial Exhibition. The President of the Republic Alexandre Millerand (1859-1943) presented him as a "benefactor of humanity". He was even proposed for the Nobel Prize according to a “whispered” rumour.

References

External links
 Association Docteur Jamot
 NCSU Eugène Jamot on a Cameroun postage stamp of 1954.

French entomologists
1879 births
1937 deaths


Iceland was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, held in Bergen, Norway. It was the first time Iceland was represented in the contest. While the country had satellite television contact from other nations (the United States and Canada) since 1981, Iceland was not able to connect to other European nations by satellite before the end of 1985, meaning that 1986 was the first year Iceland could send a delegation to the Eurovision Song Contest.

Background
The Icelandic national broadcaster, Ríkisútvarpið (RÚV), confirmed their intentions to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest for the first time in 1986 on 26 October 1985. RÚV, which broadcast every Eurovision Song Contest from 1970 to 1985 in Iceland, announced that it would also organise the selection process for the nation's entry in addition to broadcasting further events within the nation. The broadcaster selected their debut entry in 1986 through the national selection show Söngvakeppnin.

Before Eurovision

Söngvakeppni Sjónvarpsins 1986
Söngvakeppni Sjónvarpsins 1986 was the national final format developed by RÚV in order to select Iceland's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1986. The competition was held on 15 March 1986 at the RÚV Studios in Reykjavík, hosted by Jónas R. Jónsson and broadcast on RÚV and via radio on Ras 2.

Competing entries
On 5 December 1985, RÚV opened the submission period for interested songwriters to submit their entries until the deadline on 15 January 1986, however, deadline was later postponed until 25 January. 287 entries were submitted during submission period, from which, jury panel selected 10 songs for the contest. Ten competing artists and songs were revealed by the broadcaster on 7 March 1986. Following the announcement of the competing acts, it was revealed that two of the selected songs: "Vögguvísa" performed by Erna Gunnarsdóttir and "Ég lifi í draumi" performed by Björgvin Halldórsson, have violated the contest rules, which required the participating songs to be neither publicly performed nor released commercially before Eurovision final. For unknown reasons, aforementioned artists were still allowed to participate with ineligible songs.

Final
The final was held on 15 March 1986. The votes of a five-member jury decided the winner, although only the top five placings were announced. The winning entry was "Gleðibankinn", performed by Pálmi Gunnarsson and composed by Magnús Eiríksson. In addition to the performances of the competing entries, 1985 Eurovision winners Bobbysocks performed their winning song "La det swinge", and a new song entitled "Midnight Rocks" as special guests.

Artist change
On 20 March 1986, RÚV announced that eventual Söngvakeppnin winner Pálmi Gunnarsson will perform "Gleðibankinn" at the Eurovision Song Contest as part of newly-created 3-member band ICY, alongside Helga Möller and fellow Söngvakeppnin 1986 participant Eiríkur Hauksson.

At Eurovision
The group performed sixth on the night of the contest, following United Kingdom and preceding the Netherlands. At the close of the voting it had received 19 points, placing 16th in a field of 20 competing countries. Iceland's first-ever points were awarded to them by the Netherlands (who gave the song five of the eventual 19 points).

The members of the Icelandic jury included Berglind Orradóttir, Davíð Scheving Thorsteinsson, Elsa Björnsdóttir, Guðjón Vigfússon, Guðlaug Þorsteinsdóttir, Karl Þorsteins, Margrét Stefánsdóttir, Ríkharður Ríkharðsson, Salóme Þorkelsdóttir, Sigurdór Sigurdórsson, and Svanhildur Kristjónsdóttir.

Voting

References

External links
Söngvakeppni Sjónvarpsins 1986 at RÚV.is
Icelandic National Final 1986

1986
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986
Eurovision


is a former Japanese football player. His elder brother Takahiro is a former Japanese baseball player.

Playing career
Yamazaki was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on July 25, 1978. After graduating from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he joined Japan Football League club Montedio Yamagata in 1997. However he could hardly play in the match until 1998. In 1999, he moved to newly was promoted to J2 League club, Oita Trinita. He played many matches as center back from 1999. In 2002, although he could not play many matches, the club won the champions and was promoted to J1 League. He also became a regular player as right side back again in 2003. However his opportunity to play decreased in 2004. In 2005, he moved to Cerezo Osaka. He played many matches as center back until 2005. However the club was relegated to J2 from 2007 and he could not play at all in the match in 2007. In 2008, he returned to Oita Trinita. He retired end of 2008 season.

Club statistics

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League (1992–1998) players
Montedio Yamagata players
Oita Trinita players
Cerezo Osaka players
Men's association football defenders


The eco-social market economy (ESME), also known as the socio-ecological market economy (SEME) or social and ecological market economy, aims at balancing free market economics, the strive for social fairness and the sustainable use and protection of the natural resources. It was developed by Austrian politician Josef Riegler during the 1980s, expanding on the original concept of the social market economy, an economic model first advocated by Konrad Adenauer, and is considered the economic format which the majority of nations in Europe follow.

Definition and aims
The eco-social market economy is a holistic model based on a strong and innovative market economy. The eco-social market economy requires that the protection of the environment and social fairness are vital criteria for all economic activity.  The protection of the ecology and habitat for future generations are central issues for eco-social market economies. Its supporters maintain that free markets alone are not able or interested to protect the environment, hence government action is necessary. The creation of higher social and environmental standards, especially in developing countries, is seen as a vital step towards world peace in the future. The eco-social market economy aims at "higher chances for the brave, more solidarity and more responsibility for natural habitats".

Proposed measures
Frameworks and Guidelines for fair competition must be implemented, not only in the EU, but on a global level. It is a foremost demand to politics to create such a political landscape of global connectivity and cooperation. Eco-social market economists support the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and the Kyoto Protocol, and demand stronger cooperation between the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the International Labour Organization to create the said framework.
On a national level, it favours higher taxes on fossil-fuel energy sources (environmental taxes), while at the same time lowering income taxes. Public subsidies must, in their opinion, only be paid to promote sustainability. Environmental pollution and resource use must be included in the calculation of product processes and in product prices. A strong emphasis in education about issues on environmental protection are seen as being absolutely necessary to create market awareness.

Global Marshall Plan initiative
The idea of a global marshall plan, first brought forward by Al Gore in the 1990s, is a main part of eco-social thinking. The idea of a Global Marshall Plan is based on two pillars:
 Innovative additional fundraising required for the actual realisation of the UN Millennium Development Goals on the basis of partnerships, co-responsibility and good governance.
 The achievement of a global eco-social market economy by means of implementing the same ecological and social standards in all institutes and agreements on a global scale.

The funding of these development measures are a levy on financial transactions, a kerosene tax or special drawing rights with the IMF. The big challenge is finding an effective way of translating money into development without losing to corruption worldwide.

Among the prominent supporters of the initiative are Muhammad Yunus, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker and Jane Goodall.

See also
 Carbon fee and dividend

References

External links
 European Eco-social Forum
 Global Marshall Plan Initiative

Free market
Environmental economics


The Donnelly River is a river in the South West of Western Australia. Its main tributaries are Barlee Brook and Carey Brook. The river runs primarily through state forest reserves, although 25 private landholdings are situated along the length of the river. Clearing of the catchment area is estimated at 20% with the land mostly being used for viticulture, horticulture, dairy, grazing and tourism.

History
The first European to sight the river was Lieutenant William Preston in 1831.
The river was named by James Stirling, the Governor of Western Australia, in the 1830s after  Admiral Sir Ross Donnelly, a friend of Stirling's father-in-law James Mangles MP. Bannister had stood in for Mangles at Stirling's wedding to Ellen Mangles.

Fauna
The Donnelly is one of the few catchments left in the state that contains all of the region's endemic freshwater fishes. Native freshwater species include salamanderfish (Lepidogalaxias salamandroides), freshwater cobbler (Tandanus bostocki), western minnow (Galaxias occidentalis), western mud minnow (Galaxiella munda), black-stripe minnow (Galaxiella nigrostriata), western pygmy perch (Nannoperca vittata), Balston's pygmy perch (Nannatherina balstoni), nightfish (Bostockia porosa), and pouched lamprey (Geotria australis). Locals have reported sightings of an elusive pod of freshwater dolphins, though their existence has never been confirmed.

Many estuarine fish are found close to the mouth of the river, these include black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri), flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus), yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri), Australian herring (Arripis georgianus), and freshwater cobbler (Tandanus bostocki).

Several species have been introduced into the river, including eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The latter is the most common, being specifically introduced for angling purposes, with over 500,000 being stocked into the system between 1999 and 2004.

Flora

The river originates in an area of open jarrah-marri forest east of Yornup, between Bridgetown and Manjimup. The area contains an understorey composed of such species as bull banksia (Banksia grandis), sheoak (Allocasuarina fraseriana),  snottygobble (Persoonia longifolia), prickly moses (Acacia pulchella), zamia palm (Macrozamia reidlei), balga (Xanthorrhoea preissii), and graceful grass tree (Xanthorrhoea gracilis).

The river then flows through a large area of tall karri forests. The understorey includes karri sheoak (Allocasuarina decussata), oakleaf thomasia (Thomasia quercifolia) and Western Australian peppermint (Agonis flexuosa).

Toward the coast the floral composition changes as the soils change to swampy flats and consolidated dunes. Species such as stout paperbark (Melaleuca preissiana), swamp paperbark (Melaleuca rhaphiophylla), yate (Eucalyptus cornuta), Warren River cedar (Taxandria juniperina), wonnich (Callistachys lanceolata), and various banksias start to dominate.

References

Rivers of the South West region
South coast of Western Australia


Sovannahong  (, en. Golden Phoenix) is a 1967 Cambodian film directed by Yvon Hem and based on Khmer mythology about the first Khmer creation of a giant phoenix made from gold which similar to the plane nowadays. It is one of the most successful local fantasy films in the 1960s.

Soundtrack

Cast
Saom Vansodany
Kong Som Eun
Or Po
Or Dom
Mae Meun
Mandoline

Cambodian fantasy films
Khmer-language films
1967 films


is a Japanese former footballer.

Playing career
Kobayashi was born in Sapporo on April 18, 1980. After graduating from University of Tsukuba, he joined J1 League club Urawa Reds in 2003. He played 3 matches in a row as center back from opening game in first season. However he could hardly play in the match after that. In 2005, he moved to Kawasaki Frontale. However he could not play at all in the match. In 2006, he moved to J2 League club Yokohama FC. He played many matches as regular player in summer. In 2007, he moved to Regional Leagues club Fervorosa Ishikawa Hakuzan FC. In July 2007, he moved to Japan Football League (JFL) club TDK (later Blaublitz Akita). In 2008, he moved to J1 club Oita Trinita. He played many matches and Trinita won the champions in 2008 J.League Cup first major title in the club history. However Trinita was relegated to J2 end of 2009 season. In 2011, he moved to JFL club Blaublitz Akita for the first time in 3 years. Although he played many matches as regular player in 2011, his opportunity to play decreased in 2012 and he retired end of 2012 season.

Club Statistics

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
University of Tsukuba alumni
Association football people from Sapporo
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Kawasaki Frontale players
Yokohama FC players
Blaublitz Akita players
Oita Trinita players
Men's association football defenders


The Bird's Head Plate is a minor tectonic plate incorporating the Bird's Head Peninsula, at the western end of the island of New Guinea. Hillis and Müller consider it to be moving in unison with the Pacific Plate. Bird considers it to be unconnected to the Pacific Plate.

The plate is separating from the Australian Plate and the small Maoke Plate along a divergent boundary to the southeast. Convergent boundaries exist along the north, between the Bird's Head and the Caroline Plate, the Philippine Sea Plate and the Halmahera Plate to the northwest. A transform boundary exists between the Bird's Head and the Molucca Sea Collision Zone to the southwest. Another convergent boundary exists between the Bird's Head and the Banda Sea Plate to the south.

References

Tectonic plates
Geology of the Pacific Ocean
Geology of Indonesia


is a Japanese football player currently playing for Oita Trinita.

Club Team career statistics
Updated to 7 December 2019.

1Includes Suruga Bank Championship.

References

External links
Profile at Oita Trinita

1989 births
Living people
Association football people from Ōita Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Oita Trinita players
Giravanz Kitakyushu players
Men's association football midfielders
Sportspeople from Ōita (city)


is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a winger for Japanese club Cerezo Osaka and the Japan national team. He played for Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Club career
In the summer of 2012, Kiyotake signed a four-year contract with German club 1. FC Nürnberg. Kiyotake subsequently moved within the Bundesliga in 2014 to join Hannover 96, before transferring to join Spanish side Sevilla in La Liga following Hannover 96's relegation from the Bundesliga.

Personal life
His younger brother, Koki, is also a professional football player.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kiyotake goal.

Honours
Oita Trinita
J.League Cup: 2008

Cerezo Osaka
J.League Cup: 2017
Emperor's Cup: 2017
Japanese Super Cup: 2018

References

External links

 Profile at Cerezo Osaka
 Hiroshi Kiyotake at 1. FC Nürnberg

1989 births
Living people
Association football people from Ōita Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Japan men's international footballers
J1 League players
Bundesliga players
La Liga players
Oita Trinita players
Cerezo Osaka players
1. FC Nürnberg players
Hannover 96 players
Sevilla FC players
Olympic footballers for Japan
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 AFC Asian Cup players
Japanese expatriate men's footballers
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Sportspeople from Ōita (city)


(2 September 1889 – 16 October 1962) was a Japanese diplomat and politician who was briefly foreign minister of Japan from September 1942 to 21 April 1943 during World War II.

Career
Tani was a career diplomat before assuming ministerial roles. More specifically, he served at the embassy in France (1918-1923), United States (1927–1930) and Manchukuo (1933–1936). In 1930, he was chief of Asian Bureau in the ministry of foreign affairs. He also worked as counsellor to the Japanese embassy in Hsinking and as ambassador-at-large in China.

He served as vice minister of foreign affairs in the cabinet of Mitsumasa Yonai when appointed under then foreign minister Kichisaburō Nomura on 24 September 1939.

Then Tani served as information chief and also, foreign minister in the cabinet of Hideki Tōjō. He was appointed foreign minister on 17 September 1942. During his tenure, Japan continued to encourage a separate peace between Germany and the Soviet Union. However, his term was short. Since bureaucrats in the ministry of foreign affairs resented Tani, on 21 April 1943, he was replaced by Mamoru Shigemitsu. After that, he received Shigemitsu's former post of Japanese ambassador in Nanjing to the Reorganized National Government of China.

After World War II, Tani was detained as a suspect of war crimes until December 1948. However, he was not convicted. Then he served again as Japan's ambassador to the United States from March 1956 to April 1957, becoming the third post-war ambassador of Japan to the US.

Personal life
Tani was married and had three children, a daughter and two sons.

References

External links

1889 births
1962 deaths
University of Tokyo alumni
Politicians from Kumamoto Prefecture
Foreign ministers of Japan
Ambassadors of Japan to China
Ambassadors of Japan to the United States


Palazzo Mengarini is a 19th-century palazzo in via XXIV maggio in Rome.

The palace is named after a 19th-century Senator during the Kingdom of Italy, Guglielmo Mengarini. The Senator commissioned the palace design from the architect Gaetano Koch. Mengarini's wife, the German chemist Margarete Traube, animated a lively salon at this palace, hosting Theodor Mommsen, Emanuel Löwy, Pietro Blaserna, Adolf Furtwängler, as well as her brother Ludwig Traube. It subsequently became property of Senator Luigi Albertini, director of Corriere della Sera, and after 1941, of his daughter Elena née Carandini.

References

Mengarini
Rome R. II Trevi


Florea Ispir (born 25 November 1949 in Vârteju, Ilfov County) is a Romanian football player and coach. As a player, his total of 485 appearances in Liga I for ASA Târgu Mureș place him third in the all-time list, behind Ionel Dănciulescu with 515 and Costică Ștefănescu with 490, also those 485 appearances place him first in the Liga I matches played for a single team.

Playing career
Florea Ispir was born on 25 November 1949 in Vârteju, Romania, growing up as a fan of Rapid București, as he was impressed by players Dan Coe and Ion Motroc, at one point he went at a trial to play for them but was not offered a contract. He played junior level football in the early 1960s at Steaua București where he worked with coach Nicolae Tătaru. He started his senior career when Steaua sent him to play in the 1969–70 Divizia C season at TUG București. Afterwards he had an offer to play for ASA Târgu Mureș, which he accepted as he thought that it would be hard for him to earn a starting position in the central defense of Steaua in front of internationals Dumitru Nicolae and Bujor Hălmăgeanu. He made his Divizia A debut for ASA on 29 March 1970 under coach Tiberiu Bone in a 2–1 away loss in front of Universitatea Craiova, by the end of the season the team relegating to Divizia B, but Ispir stayed with the club, helping it promote back to the first league after one year. Ispir spent the rest of his career at ASA which consisted of a total of 19 seasons, playing alongside players like László Bölöni, Nicolae Nagy, Árpád Fazekas, Iuliu Hajnal or Petre Varodi, making 485 Divizia A appearances with two goals scored, receiving only one red card in his entire career in a match against Rapid. The highlights of this period were a second place in the 1974–75 Divizia A season, reaching the 1973 Balkans Cup final and playing in all the 6 UEFA Cup matches from the three consecutive seasons the team participated in it. Around 1975 or 1976 he had offers to play for UTA Arad and CSM Reșița but he refused to go there even if he could have earned more money because he was attached to the town and loved by the fans who called him Shake-Ispir, a nickname inspired from Shakespeare. After the team relegated once more in 1986, he helped it promote again after one year, than played four more Divizia A matches, the last one being a 2–1 away loss in front of Dinamo București which took place on 4 October 1987. He had an offer from the team's new coach, Cornel Dinu to play in the final minutes of the games so he can reach 500 Divizia A appearances but Ispir declined it, because he was 38 years old and had a hard time recovering after suffering a nasty injury in a match against Victoria București, also claiming that by playing only in the final minutes of the games he would have made a fool out of himself and tricked football. Even do he played for Romania under-18 and Romania B, Florea Ispir never played for Romania's senior team and on 13 May 2020, Gazeta Sporturilor included him on a list of best Romanian players who never played for the senior national team.

Managerial career
Florea Ispir started coaching shortly after ending his career when he was an assistant of Cornel Dinu at ASA Târgu Mureș. From 1992 until 2001 Ispir worked as a head coach at ASA Târgu Mureș, Gaz Metan Mediaș, Apulum Alba Iulia, Chimica Târnăveni and Gaz Metan Târgu Mureș, claiming that he liked coaching but he made the mistake of not adapting to the newer mentality of the players, talking to them as when he was a player.

Honours

Player
ASA Târgu Mureş
Divizia A runner-up: 1974–75
Divizia B: 1970–71, 1986–87
Balkans Cup runner-up: 1973

Notes

References

External links

1949 births
Living people
Romanian men's footballers
Romania men's youth international footballers
Liga I players
Liga II players
FC Steaua București players
ASA Târgu Mureș (1962) players
Romanian football managers
CS Gaz Metan Mediaș managers
CSM Unirea Alba Iulia managers
Men's association football central defenders
Sportspeople from Ilfov County


Palazzo Margherita, formerly Palazzo Piombino, is a palazzo on Via Veneto in Rome.  The usual name references Queen Margherita of Savoy, who lived there from 1900 to 1926.

In 1885, the Boncompagni-Ludovisi family chose to sell their ancestral family home in response to a severe financial crisis. The Villa Ludovisi and most of its extensive grounds were sold in 1883 to a property developer, the  Società Generale Immobiliare, which in 1885 divided the property into luxury building lots.  The family retained a small portion of the original estate around the Casino di Villa Boncompagni Ludovisi (Villa Aurora), the only building from the original holdings that was not demolished.  However, the Casino was not designed to be the primary family home of a noble family.

The Palazzo Piombino was built from 1886 to 1890 by Gaetano Koch for Rodolfo Boncompagni Ludovisi, titular Prince of Piombino, as a new palace for the Boncompagni-Ludovisi family. It occupied one of the new developer lots at a prominent location along the Via Veneto, the new main road that developers had built through the former Villa property.  The Boncompagni-Ludovisi family occupied the house for barely a decade before being forced to sell it in 1900 due to further economic difficulties, including some due to the high cost of the new palazzo itself.

After the assassination of King Umberto I in Monza in 1900, his son and successor King Victor Emmanuel III purchased the palazzo from the family as a suitable residence for the newly widowed Queen Margherita, who took up residence in the palazzo on Christmas Day, 1900 for the remaining 26 years of her life.  She remained active in public life in her roles as queen dowager and queen mother, and the building in which she lived become known as Palazzo Margherita.

After her death, the building was divided into offices for the Mussolini government.  In 1946, the US government purchased the palazzo from the Italian government, and it now houses the United States Embassy in Italy.  The palazzo was extensively renovated between 1949 and 1952 to restore rooms to their earlier appearance, while also modernizing plumbing and heating systems and increasing office space. The palazzo is now protected both by Italian law for cultural heritage and by listing on the U.S. Department of State Register of Culturally Significant Property.

References

Part of this article originated from the corresponding Italian-language article

Additional Images

Margherita
Rome
United States
Register of Culturally Significant Property
Ambassadorial residences
Residential buildings completed in 1890
Italy–United States relations
Margherita
19th-century architecture in Italy


Forbidden Floor () is a 2006 South Korean film and the second installment of the 4 Horror Tales film series. In this film, a mother and daughter move into a haunted apartment.

Cast
Kim Seo-hyung
Kim Yoo-jung
Jo Yeong-jin
Kim Yeong-seon
Kim Ja-yeong
Park Ah-in

External links

2006 films
2006 horror films
Haunted house films
South Korean horror films
2000s Korean-language films
2000s South Korean films


is a Japanese retired footballer of Taiwanese descent.

Club career

Jubilo Iwata
After ten seasons playing for Jubilo Iwata, Fujita retired in December 2020.

Club statistics
Updated to 19 February 2019.

References

External links
Profile at Júbilo Iwata
Profile at Oita Trinita

Fujita's story revealing. In 中文-English version

1983 births
Living people
Juntendo University alumni
Association football people from Tochigi Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
JEF United Chiba players
Oita Trinita players
Júbilo Iwata players
Men's association football defenders


Diego Dávila Coello y Pacheco, 1st Marquis of Navamorcuende, 17th Lord of Cardiel, El Bodón, Montalvo, El Hito and of Villar de Cañas () (c. 1621 – c. 1680) was a Spanish soldier and colonial administrator who served as Royal Governor of Chile from March 19, 1667, to February 18, 1670.

Sources

Royal Governors of Chile
Marquesses of Spain
Lords in Spain
Knights of Santiago
Spanish generals
17th-century Spanish military personnel


The Tianyi Ge (), translated as Tianyi Pavilion or Tianyi Chamber, is a library and garden located in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. Founded in 1561 by Fan Qin during the Ming dynasty, it is the oldest existing private library in China. At its peak, it boasted a collection of 70,000 volume of antique books.

The name Tian Yi refers to the concept of cosmic unity first described in a Han dynasty commentary to the Book of Changes. In Chinese alchemy Tianyi is linked to the element of water, thus it was believed by providing a watery name would protect the library against fire damage.

The Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty visited Tianyi Ge, and ordered officials to draw schematics of Tianyi Ge's building plan and book cases as prototype to build several imperial libraries including Wenyuan Ge in the Forbidden City, and Wenjin Ge in the Chengde Mountain Resort to house the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries encyclopedia.

After the Second Opium War, the British took many books from the libraries collection of geography and history texts. These losses were followed by further thefts by local thieves. By 1940, the collection dwindled to less than 20,000 volumes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to governmental effort and donations by private collectors, the collection recovered somewhat to about 30,000 volumes, mostly rare antique Ming dynasty printed and hand copied volumes.

In 1982, Tianyi Ge was established by the Chinese authorities as a National Heritage Site. The Qin Family Drama Stage is also located in the complex.

The walls were specially constructed to prevent fire.

Background

Technical improvements in paper production
Cheap bamboo papermaking. The bamboo paper is made from pulpy bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys aurea), a widely planted plant in China that has been a major source of papermaking fibers since the 8th century. Paper is traditionally made using natural materials, hand tools, utensils and naturally occurring reagents. This technology had further improved in the Ming Dynasty. Song Yingxing (1587–1666 AD) documented the work rolled up by the gradual process of this manufacture in his book,“Tian Gung Kai Wu (The Exploitation of the Works of Nature)”

Woodblock printing (wood engraving)
Since the typography invention of movable type printing in the Song Dynasty of China, printing technology had continued to develop. In the late Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhen invented wooden printing. Compared with muddy characters, the resistance of wood type to external forces was better. By the Ming dynasty, printing technology reached another peak. Chinese printers were able to produce illustrations of various colors, displaying various shades of colors and contrasting colors, imitating the hands of Chinese masters of calligraphy and painting. At the time, the artists' printers discovered and developed this technology, adding a strong color to their books

Cultural expansion and social transformation in the 15th century
The development of urbanization that began gradually in the Song Dynasty has begun to take shape in the Ming Dynasty, and commercialization and the sprouting of capitalism also appeared in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the literacy rate and educational development have also been further improved during the Ming dynasty.

The increasing availability and low cost of books had promoted the popularity of literacy. The examination exam had been canceled since the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 AD) and had ushered in a new climax in the Ming Dynasty. The examination scale was increasing. Publishers responded to the growing number of examination candidates to print brochures. Successful model exams were popular and widely available. A wide variety of books, ranging from cheap versions of popular novels to expensive reprints of classics have a wealth of content. The novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties represented the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels. Three of the four famous novels in China were completed and widely circulated in the Ming Dynasty. From another perspective, it also illustrated the importance and prosperity of culture and books received in the Ming Dynasty. The possession of books increasingly tended to define social status. Collection books had also gained a powerful boost from publishing. As the books became cheaper, the number and scale of private libraries grew during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. A collection of several thousand juan (bound chapters or volumes) were considered worthy of respect, and 10,000 juan (equivalent to one thousand titles) were significant. Libraries with about 30,000 juan were not uncommon. On Fan Qin's death (1585 AD), Tianyi Pavilion contained over 70 thousand juan, with several thousand titles.

Introduction

Position and the spatial distribution

Tianyi Pavilion Historic District is located in the middle and western part of the historical street of Yuehu West Street in the old city of Ningbo. In the cultural undertakings of the feudal Chinese in the Ming Dynasty, Wen Yuan's "Tiangong Parterre" has been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and transformed into "East Garden" as part of the garden. Tianyi Pavilion is part of the residential area of the Fan Family and the entire area of the traditional structure of the street and the alley has disappeared. It consists of three parts: West Park, South Park and East Park.

Since 1989, the ancestral halls along the roads such as Qinjiatang, Wen's family temple, Chen family museum, and some factory buildings have been incorporated into Tianyi Pavilion and have become a showcase of traditional culture. The area of Tianyi Pavilion has reached the peak including the main body of the museum (library), the garden and the traditional architecture.

Fire prevention
Non-combustible materials were introduced into some key building components. For instance, using clay to wrap wood structures. Non-combustible masonry could be used to create partitions between two adjacent buildings and set fire doors in certain key locations. In addition, the pool in the library could serve as a fire tank for fire protection.

Inheritance and development
In 1676, Fan Qin's descendants passed out more than one hundred kinds of books to scholars for reading. He approved the famous scholar Huang Zongxi to go upstairs to read the Tianyige library books. Huang Zongxi became the first foreigner to enter Tianyi Pavilion. Huang Zongxi prepared a bibliography for Tianyi Pavilion and writes "Records of the collection  in Tianyi Pavilion".

Documented in the book of Huang Zongxi that:  Fan Qin divided his family  property  into two parts prior, the collection of books and other family production. The eldest son volunteered to abandon the inheritance rights of other family property, and inherited more than 70,000 volumes of books collected by his father. While the Fan's descendants maintained and supplemented the Tianyige collection, they also established ethnic rules that maintain the Tianyige collection, which stipulates that the books are shared by children and grandchildren.

Tianyi Pavilion thus increased its visibility among scholars. Since then, Tianyi Pavilion had gradually ended its external closure and is open to famous scholars, although there were not many scholars who had obtained this opportunity.

Update and preservation

1933–1934: Tianyi Pavilion was restored and refurbished, and the front and back yards of the library were added.

1982:  Newly built a room for stacking cargo. Tianyi Pavilion experienced a new period of expansion. It is considered as a cultural heritage site that has been under national protection.

Gallery

See also
List of Chinese gardens

References

Libraries in Ningbo
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Zhejiang
1561 establishments in China
Ming dynasty architecture
Libraries established in 1561


Robert Aubrey Miller (October 22, 1854 – October 8, 1941) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician in the state of Oregon. Born in Oregon, he served in the Oregon House of Representatives and as an aide to Governor Sylvester Pennoyer.

Early life
Robert Miller was born in Lane County, Oregon, near the city of Eugene on October 22, 1854. The son of Elizabeth Ann Miller (née Aubrey) and James Naper Tandy Miller, he attended the local public schools of Jacksonville, Oregon. Miller then attended the University of the Pacific in San Jose, California, from 1874 to 1875 before returning to Oregon where he graduated from Willamette University in Salem. On March 7, 1887, Miller was admitted to the Oregon bar.

Political career
In 1886, he was elected as a Democrat to serve in the Oregon House of Representatives. He won re-election in 1888, serving a second term representing District 19 in Southern Oregon’s Jackson County. Miller was then appointed as an aide to Oregon Governor Sylvester Pennoyer in the position of Lieutenant-Colonel, serving six years in the post.

In 1890, he ran as the Democratic Party candidate for the 52nd United States Congress from Oregon's At-large congressional district. Miller lost to incumbent Republican Binger Hermann in the November election,
though Democrats picked up 78 seats in the U.S. House in that election. In 1892, he was a presidential elector for the Democrats, and then from 1893 to 1897 was the registrar at the United States Land Office in Oregon City. In 1938, Miller was the Democratic candidate in a special United States Senate election to complete the term of Frederick Steiwer, who had resigned. Miller lost the election to Republican Alexander G. Barry.

Later years
In May 1893, he passed the Supreme Court of the United States bar, followed by the federal bar in Oregon in 1904. On September 11, 1893, he married Sarelia W. Grubbe. In 1890, he received a diploma from the New York Chautauqua, a correspondence school. Known as Colonel Bob Miller, he helped set up the Chautauqua system in the Pacific Northwest. By 1910 he had moved to Portland and entered private legal practice. In Portland, he was involved in the Commercial Societies A.F. & A.M., the National Geographic Society, the Masons, and the Scottish Rite. Colonel Robert Miller died in Portland on October 8, 1941, at the age of 86.

External Links
Robert Aubrey Miller papers at the University of Oregon

References

1854 births
1941 deaths
Lawyers from Portland, Oregon
People from Lane County, Oregon
Members of the Oregon House of Representatives
University of the Pacific (United States) alumni
Willamette University alumni
People from Jacksonville, Oregon


The Football Foundation is the United Kingdom's largest sports charity, channelling funding from the Premier League, The FA and the government (through Sport England) into transforming the landscape of grassroots sport in England.

History

Launched in 2000, the Football Foundation awards grants to grassroots clubs and organisations to help build and refurbish new and existing community sports facilities, such as changing pavilions, natural grass pitches or all-weather playing surfaces, for schools, and local authority facilities or sports clubs.

Founded in 2000, the Football Foundation is now the largest sports charity in UK. So far, the foundation has used the investment from partners to award more than 17,600 grants to improve facilities worth more than £708m – including 885 artificial grass pitches, 3,587 natural grass pitches and 1,210 changing facilities.  This has attracted an additional £885m of partnership funding – totalling over £1.5bn investment in grassroots football.

Through the foundation, the Premier League, The FA and government through Sport England have come together to create the National Football Facilities Strategy (NFFS) that will guide work over the next ten years to transform many more local facilities. Local football facility plans (LFFP) are being created to identify priority projects where demand is greatest, and the impact will be strongest and help stimulate the action required to deliver them.

Ambassadors

 Georgie Bingham
 Dion Dublin
 Graeme Le Saux
 Gary Neville
 John Scales
 Ben Shephard
 Gareth Southgate
 Graham Taylor OBE
 Dan Walker
 Faye White
 Lawrie McMenemy
 Nigel Adkins
 James Beattie
 Chris Powell
 Hayley McQueen
 Duncan Watmore

References

External links

Charities based in the United Kingdom
Football organisations in England
Organisations based in the London Borough of Camden
Sports foundations in the United Kingdom
Sport in the London Borough of Camden
Organizations established in 2000


The Right Reverend Stephen McGill PSS (4 January 1912 – 9 November 2005) was the sixth Bishop of Argyll and the Isles and second Bishop of Paisley.

Early life
Stephen McGill was born on 4 January 1912 to Peter McGill and Charlotte Connolly in Glasgow, Scotland where he was educated at Holy Cross primary school and St Aloysius' College before entering the national junior seminary at St Mary's College, Blairs, Aberdeen.

Priesthood
In October 1931 he entered Le Grand Séminaire at Coutances in France and was ordained priest of the Archdiocese of Glasgow at St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow by Bishop Henry Grey Graham on 29 June 1936. Following his ordination he returned to France where he entered the novitiate of the Sulpicians at Issy-les-Moulineaux, Paris and was incardinated priest of St Sulpice (PSS) in July of the following year. Further studies were undertaken at the Institut Catholique in Paris where he gained his licentiate in sacred theology (STL) in 1939.

Thereafter he was appointed to the staff of Le Grand Séminaire at Bordeaux in October 1939 and transferred to Le Grand Séminaire at Aix-en-Provence in January 1940. At this point the Second World War was under way in Europe so, following the fall of France to the Germans in June 1940, Father McGill, as a British citizen, had to make his escape via Marseille and Spain to avoid internment as an enemy alien.

On his return to Scotland he was appointed to the staff of St Mary's in Blairs where he remained as spiritual director until he was appointed rector in 1951. In 1952 he was made an honorary canon of the Glasgow cathedral chapter.

Episcopate
When Bishop Kenneth Grant of Argyll and the Isles died suddenly in 1959 Canon McGill was appointed to succeed him by Pope John XXIII and was consecrated bishop in St Columba's Cathedral, Oban on 22 June 1960. During his time in Argyll and the Isles Bishop McGill attended sessions of the Second Vatican Council (1962 - 1965) and oversaw translation of the liturgy into Gaelic.

On the death of Bishop James Black in March 1968 Bishop McGill was translated by Pope Paul VI to the see of Paisley  as his successor. There he remained until his retirement in March 1988.

Final years
In retirement Stephen McGill maintained his interest in priestly formation and was a prolific letter writer. He died peacefully in his ninety fourth year on 9 November 2005 at Nazareth House, Cardonald, Glasgow. His motto was, in Latin, Per Tuas Semitas ("By Your Ways") taken from the hymn 'Panis angelicus' by St Thomas Aquinas.

References
  Paisley Daily Express

Sources
 The Catholic Directory for Scotland 2006 (Glasgow, 2006)

Clergy from Glasgow
Roman Catholic bishops of Argyll and the Isles
Roman Catholic bishops of Paisley
People from Renfrewshire
1912 births
2005 deaths
People educated at St Aloysius' College, Glasgow
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Scotland
Scottish Roman Catholic bishops
Sulpician bishops


Ulrike Arnold (born 1950 in Düsseldorf) is a German artist.

Biography
Ulrike Arnold studied music and art between 1968 and 1971, afterwards she worked as a teacher. From 1979 until 1986 she studied fine arts at the Düsseldorf academy in Professor Klaus Rinke's class. She was granted the Eduard von der Heydt apprenticeship of Wuppertal in 1988. Since 1980 the artist travels through all five continents to work although Ulrike Arnold mainly lives and works in Düsseldorf and in Flagstaff, Arizona.

Work as artist

Earth paintings
Earth paintings are typical of Arnold's art as she uses a unique material. She paints pictures with sorts of soil, minerals and stones on nettle fabric and on stone. She collects her colours in form of minerals which she then grinds to a paste for painting. The titles of her pictures correspond to the places across the world where she has found her ingredients, like Flagstaff, Arizona or Bryce Canyon in Utah. The structures, forms and colours of those paintings mirror the quality of the landscape where they are created on site. There they are exposed to the natural conditions of the place which even enhance their intensity.

Comet pictures
Since 2004 Ulrike Arnold is continuously expanding her repertoire of resources. She is the first artist worldwide to use particles of meteorites (nickel, iron and chondrules) which she purchases from research facilities. Those valuable substances originate from asteroids and comets. Their dark dust bears witness to the early universe. With it, Ulrike Arnold goes beyond the use of terrestric materials to create cosmological pictures.

Collections
Her art work can be found at many public museums and private collections, such as the North Rhine-Westphalian State Chancellery at Düsseldorf, the Düsseldorf museum of arts, the Ernst & Young collection, also Düsseldorf, at Deutsche Bank, Cologne, GLS bank, Bochum, Dennis Hopper's private collection at Venice, Los Angeles, California, Langen Foundation's collection at Neuss, Center for Art and Environment, Nevada Museum of Art Reno, Nevada or the Vollstedt private collection, the Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, and the Collection of Marvin and Kitty Killgore Southwest Meteorite Lab, Payson Arizona.

See also
 List of German painters

References

External links
 Ulrike Arnold's website
  film

1950 births
Living people
20th-century German painters
21st-century German painters
20th-century German women artists
21st-century German women artists
Artists from Düsseldorf
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni


Tongariro is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate, from 1984 to 1996. During the four parliamentary terms of its existence, it was represented by three members of parliament.

Population centres
The 1981 census had shown that the North Island had experienced further population growth, and three additional general seats were created through the 1983 electoral redistribution, bringing the total number of electorates to 95. The South Island had, for the first time, experienced a population loss, but its number of general electorates was fixed at 25 since the 1967 electoral redistribution. More of the South Island population was moving to Christchurch, and two electorates were abolished, while two electorates were recreated. In the North Island, six electorates were newly created (including Tongariro), three electorates were recreated, and six electorates were abolished. These changes came into effect with the .

In , the first mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation election, most of the Tongariro electorate's area was included in the Taupo electorate.

History
Noel Scott of the Labour Party was the Tongariro electorate's first representative; Scott had in  unsuccessfully contested the adjacent  electorate. Scott was defeated in Tongariro in the  by National's Ian Peters, who held the electorate for one parliamentary term before himself being defeated by Labour's Mark Burton in . Burton transferred to the Taupo electorate in 1996.

Members of Parliament
Key

Election results

1993 election

1990 election

1987 election

1984 election

Notes

References

Historical electorates of New Zealand
Taupō District
1984 establishments in New Zealand
1996 disestablishments in New Zealand