North Star was a sternwheel steamer that operated in western Montana and southeastern British Columbia on the Kootenay and Columbia rivers from 1897 to 1903.  The vessel should not be confused with other steamers of the same name, some of which were similarly designed and operated in British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington.

Design and construction
North Star was built by Louis Pacquet, a shipbuilder from Portland, Oregon, for Capt. Frank P. Armstrong (1859-1923).  Armstrong ran sternwheelers on the Kootenay and Columbia rivers under the name of the Upper Columbia Navigation and Tramway Company ("UCN&T").  Armstrong's domination of the Kootenay River steamboat business was threatened by the construction of another new steamer, the J.D. Farrell by the Kootenay River Navigation Company, a firm with financial backing from Spokane, Washington business interests.  North Star was technically owned by American subsidiaries of the UCN&T, first the Upper Kootenay Navigation Company and then the International Transportation Company.

Operations on Kootenay River

In June 1897 North Star started making runs from Jennings, Montana up the Kootenay river to Fort Steele, BC, where significant mining activity was occurring.  The route ran through the dangerous stretch of Jennings Canyon where most of the sternwheelers on the upper Kootenay eventually were wrecked or seriously damaged.  In April 1898 North Star was likewise wrecked in the Canyon.  Armstrong was able to raise the vessel and return her to service.  (Most of the Jennings Canyon has now been submerged by the waters behind Libby Dam.

Joint operations with Kootenay River Navigation Company
[[Image:JD Farrell and North Star (sternwheelers) at Jennings Montana ca 1900.JPG|thumb|right|North Star (on left) laid up at Jennings, Montana with [[J.D. Farrell (sternwheeler)|J.D. Farrell]]]]
During 1898, Captain Armstrong and Captain M. L. McCormack, manager of the Kootenay River Navigation Company, combined their efforts on the upper Kootenay, with the Armstrong boats North Star and Gwendoline receiving 60% of the freight receipts, with the balance to McCormack's single boat J.D. Farrell.  In October 1898 railroads were completed in the Kootenay region, and traffic quickly shifted over to the railways, leaving the steamboats without business.  North Star was laid up at Jennings, Montana with other upper Kootenay river sternwheelers until 1901, when the A. Guthrie Co. put them back in service to transport supplies for construction of the extension of the Great Northern Railway to Fernie, BC.    In the fall of 1901, the railway construction was complete, and North Star and the other steamboats were laid up again.

Transit of Baillie-Grohman Canal

In October 1901 Captain Armstrong bought out the minority interest that Captain James D. Miller (1830-1914) had held in North Star.  (Miller had also acted as captain of North Star.)  With steamboat business on the upper Kootenay essentially nonexistent, in 1902, Armstrong decided to bring North Star through the Baillie-Grohman Canal at Canal Flats, BC to the upper reach of the Columbia River that began at Columbia Lake and ran down the Columbia Valley to Golden, BC.  North Star left Fort Steele on June 4, 1902. North Star was the last steamboat to depart that community, which was in rapid decline because of being bypassed by recent railway construction.

The Baillie-Grohman canal had been used by a steamboat just twice before.  Both transits were by the sternwheeler Gwendoline which passed through the canal northwards in 1893 or 1894, and then south again in 1894.  Gwendoline was a much smaller steamboat than North Star ( and 90 gross tons for Gwendoline compared to and 380 gross tons for North Star). By 1902, the canal, which for the most part had been dug in soft earth, had sloughed in.  Worse for North Star was that the canal included a lock, which was  feet long.  A vessel like North Star which was , could never have passed through the lock under normal conditions.  North Star was also 9 inches too wide for the lock.  Many at the time considered the task impossible.

The Baillie-Grohman canal was only a little over a mile long, but it was in such poor condition that it took two weeks to coax North Star through it.  The brush had overgrown the canal and the water was shallow causing the steamer to scrape bottom.  At one point, a tree fell onto the steamer, just missing Armstrong's young daughter Ruth (for whom his steamer Ruth had been named).  When North Star came to the lock, Armstrong solved the width problem by simply sawing 5 or 6 inches off the guards (the thick timber running along the top outside edge of a sternwheeler's hull).  The length problem was solved differently.  In those days, ore was packed out of mines in the Kootenay country by stuffing oxhides full of the mineral, and dragging or sliding the filled hides to the nearest steamboat landing or rail depot.  Anderson had a number of oxhides on board North Star and he had them filled with sand and piled up to form temporary lock gates.  He then destroyed the existing gates, and when the North Star was between the pair of temporary lock gates, he blew the forward temporary gates out with dynamite, and the steamer surged forward with the rush of water into the lower part of the canal.

Once through the canal, a low bridge across the Columbia River blocked the vessel's path.  Armstrong hoisted the bridge out of the way with the North Star's capstan, then replaced it once the vessel had passed by.  North Star finally arrived at Golden on July 2, 1902, thus becoming, with Gwendoline one of the only two steamers ever to operate on both the upper Columbia and the upper Kootenay rivers.

Operations on the Columbia River and customs seizure
Captain Armstrong ran North Star on the Columbia river out of Golden for two seasons, but then the Canadian Customs officials realized Armstrong had not paid custom duties on North Star when he'd brought the vessel into Canada permanently from the United States.  Technically the vessel was seized by Canadian customs, but in practice this meant that Armstrong was forced take his vessel at Golden until the duty was paid.  This apparently did not trouble Armstrong greatly, as he used North Star as a source of spare parts for his other steamboats.

Notes

Further reading

 Faber, Jim, Steamer's Wake—Voyaging down the old marine highways of Puget Sound, British Columbia, and the Columbia River, Enetai Press, Seattle, WA 1985
 Timmen, Fritz, Blow for the Landing'', 75–78, 134, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1972

External links
 Columbia Basin Institute of Regional History
 Fort Steele Heritage Town

Paddle steamers of British Columbia
Steamboats of the Columbia River
Steamboats of the Kootenay River
Columbia Valley
Transportation in Lincoln County, Montana
1897 ships


Pumajaw are a Scotland-based electronic duo, composed of Scottish singer-songwriter Pinkie Maclure (vocals, synths, samples, concertina) and English musician/producer John Wills (guitar, samples, synths, drum programming).

The duo met in London in 1994 when Wills produced Maclure's solo album. John Wills had previously been a founder member of Loop and The Hair and Skin Trading Company. Originally known as "Pinkie Maclure and John Wills", the duo changed their name following their move to Scotland from London in 2001.  Their music is characterised by a blend of rich, cinematic arrangements and wide-ranging, jazz-inflected vocals. They have recorded six albums together since 2000,  influenced stylistically by film soundtracks, jazz, psychedelic folk and electronica.

The duo tour Europe regularly and have performed in Russia and the USA.  Their music has been remixed by Various Productions, Crooked Man and Christ., among others.  In 2013 they recorded an album of songs from film noir to perform at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.  This became a multimedia stage production  called Song Noir, with films by John Wills.
They have also been known as Lumen and Fingerfood.

Discography
Scapa Foolscap (2022)
Song Noir (2014)
Demonmeowmeow (2011)
Favourites (2009)
Curiosity Box (2008)
Becoming Pumajaw (2006)
Cat's Cradle (2005)
This Day & Age (2003)
From Memorial Crossing (2000)

References

External links
Official website
Review in The Glasgow Herald
Review in The Skinny

Scottish electronic music groups
Electronica music groups
British electronic music duos


The San Juan metropolitan area is a United States Census Bureau defined metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in northeastern Puerto Rico centered around the city of San Juan. A July 1, 2009, Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 2,617,089, a 4.31% increase over the 2000 census figure of 2,509,007.

San Juan Metro Area (Área Metro)

The unofficial but colloquial San Juan metropolitan area (in Spanish; área metropolitana de San Juan, abbreviated AMSJ), also referred to as the Área Metro is the sprawling area surrounding the Municipality of San Juan which includes San Juan and its conurbation of the municipalities of Bayamón, Carolina, Cataño, Guaynabo and Trujillo Alto, and in some cases it also includes Toa Baja (particularly the suburb of Levittown). After San Juan, many of these municipalities are the most populous in the commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It represents the inner urban area of the metropolitan statistical area of San Juan. This urban area is also known as the Área metro de Puerto Rico based on the misconception that San Juan is the only urbanized metropolitan area in the island.

Municipalities in the San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo metropolitan area
San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area (by population) in Puerto Rico, covering approximately half of the island. Its principal cities are San Juan, Bayamón and Carolina.

A total of forty-one municipalities () are included as part of the San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo MSA. The total area for the MSA is 1,902.45 square miles. As of 2020, the San Juan metropolitan statistical area is the 35th most populated MSA (slightly smaller than Greater Cleveland but larger than San Jose metropolitan area in population).

Municipalities with over 100,000 inhabitants

 San Juan (Principal city) Pop: 342,259
 Bayamón Pop: 185,187
 Carolina Pop: 154,815
 Caguas (Principal city) Pop: 127,244

Municipalities with 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants

 Guaynabo (Principal city) Pop: 89,780
 Arecibo Pop: 87,754
 Toa Baja Pop: 75,293
 Trujillo Alto Pop: 67,740
 Toa Alta Pop: 66,852
 Vega Baja Pop: 54,414
 Humacao Pop: 50,896

Municipalities with fewer than 50,000 inhabitants

 Río Grande Pop: 47,060
 Canóvanas Pop: 42,337
 Cayey Pop: 41,652
 Gurabo Pop: 40,662
 Cidra Pop: 39,970
 Manatí Pop: 39,492
 Hatillo Pop: 38,486
 San Lorenzo Pop: 37,693
 Juncos Pop: 37,012
 Dorado Pop: 35,879
 Vega Alta Pop: 35,395
 Las Piedras Pop: 35,180
 Corozal Pop: 34,571
 Camuy Pop: 32,827
 Yabucoa Pop: 30,426
 Naranjito Pop: 29,241
 Barranquitas Pop: 28,893
 Morovis Pop: 28,727
 Aibonito Pop: 24,637
 Aguas Buenas Pop: 24,223
 Loíza Pop: 23,693
 Quebradillas Pop: 23,638
 Naguabo Pop: 23,386
 Cataño Pop: 23,155
 Barceloneta Pop: 22,657
 Orocovis Pop: 21,434
 Comerío Pop: 18,883
 Ciales Pop: 16,984
 Florida Pop: 11,692
 Maunabo Pop: 10,589

Combined Statistical Area

The San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area (CSA)  includes two metropolitan areas, one micropolitan area, and forty-five municipalities. A July 1, 2009 Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 2,732,036, a 4.16% increase over the 2000 census figure of 2,622,876. The San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area comprises 68.9% of Puerto Rico's total population. As of 2020, the San Juan combined statistical area is the 29th largest CSA (slightly smaller than Indianapolis and larger than Las Vegas in population).

Components
Metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs)
Fajardo (3 municipalities)
San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo (41 municipalities)
Micropolitan statistical areas (µSAs)
Utuado micropolitan statistical area (1 municipality)

See also
Puerto Rico census statistical areas
List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas

References

External links

Metropolitan areas of Puerto Rico


The Yauco Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau defined metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in southwestern Puerto Rico. A July 1, 2009 Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 125,266, a 6.10% increase over the 2000 census figure of 118,063.

Municipalities
A total of four municipalities () are included as part of the Yauco Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Yauco (Principal city) Pop: 34,172
Peñuelas Pop: 20,399
Guayanilla Pop: 17,784
Guánica Pop: 13,787

Combined Statistical Area
The Yauco Metropolitan Statistical Area is a component of the Ponce–Yauco–Coamo Combined Statistical Area.

See also
Puerto Rico census statistical areas

References

Metropolitan areas of Puerto Rico


The San Germán-Cabo Rojo Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau defined Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in southwestern Puerto Rico. A July 1, 2009 Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 148,559, a 9.06% increase over the 2000 census figure of 136,212.

San Germán-Cabo Rojo is the fourth largest metropolitan area (by population) in Puerto Rico and is the second fastest growing MSA, after Aguadilla–Isabela–San Sebastián,  in the Commonwealth.

Municipalities
A total of four municipalities (Spanish: municipios) are included as part of the San Germán-Cabo Rojo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Cabo Rojo (Principal city) Pop: 47,158
San Germán (Principal city) Pop: 31,879
Lajas Pop: 23,334
Sabana Grande Pop: 22,729

Combined Statistical Area
The San Germán-Cabo Rojo Metropolitan Statistical Area is a component of the Mayagüez–San Germán–Cabo Rojo Combined Statistical Area.

See also
Puerto Rico census statistical areas

References


The Ponce Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau defined Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in south central Puerto Rico. A 1 July 2009 Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 262,414, a 0.95% decrease from the 2000 census figure of 264,919.

Ponce is the third largest metropolitan area (by population) in Puerto Rico. Of the eight MSA areas in the Commonwealth, only Ponce and Mayagüez experienced population declines during the 2000-2009 period.

Municipalities
A total of three municipalities (Spanish: municipios) are included as part of the Ponce Metropolitan Statistical Area.  They are:

Juana Díaz
Ponce—Principal City
Villalba

Combined Statistical Area

The Ponce–Yauco–Coamo Combined Statistical Area (CSA) includes two metropolitan areas, two micropolitan areas; nine municipalities in total. A July 1, 2009 Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 483,149, a 2.07% increase over the 2000 census figure of 442,244. The Ponce–Yauco–Coamo Combined Statistical Area comprises 12.2% of Puerto Rico's total population.

Components
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
Ponce (3 Municipalities)
Yauco (4 Municipalities)
Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs)
Coamo (1 Municipality)
Santa Isabel (1 Municipality)

See also
Puerto Rico census statistical areas

References

Metropolitan areas of Puerto Rico


Iyare Nossa Gamel Abdel Igiehon ( , more commonly known as Iyare; born 3 March 1974) is a British DJ, Radio personality, and filmmaker.

Early life
Igiehon grew up in London and studied Pop Music Studies at the University of Leeds and graduated with 1st-class honours. Returning to London he worked as a recording engineer for Studio 33 in West London. In 2000 he joined Darkerthanblue as online music editor.

Radio career
Igiehon was also part of the DJ duo Jason and Iyare. In 2001 they broadcast a one-hour show called The Presence on Monday nights on the Student Broadcast Network, playing RnB for nine months until the launch of BBC 1Xtra.
They then went on to present the Breakfast show on BBC 1Xtra when the station launched in August 2002 until October 2007.

In January 2008 he joined BBC 6 Music, presenting the 6 Mix on Saturday nights, then from October 2008 he presented the Weekend Breakfast show which is produced by Somethin' Else until the end of November 2009, when he left the network.

In 2006, they set up a separate radio production company called On It Industries, which produced original radio productions such as the Radio 1Xtra weekday M1X show, as well as various documentaries until May 2009.

He has also (as of 4 May 2013) made 25 appearances on the Radio 5 Live show Fighting Talk.

References

Living people
Alumni of the University of Leeds
BBC Radio 6 Music presenters
BBC Radio 1Xtra presenters
DJs from London
1974 births
Black British radio presenters
English people of Nigerian descent
People from Peckham


Kane County Chronicle is a weekly newspaper, published in St. Charles, Illinois, serving Kane County.

Market
The Kane County Chronicle serves central Kane County, located in the Fox Valley region of Illinois, about 40 miles west of Chicago.

History
Samuel W. Durant founded the Valley Chronicle in 1881. In its first issue, Vol. 1, No. 1, on May 27, 1881, Durant listed the paper's goals: "It will stand aloof from personalities, petty neighborhood difficulties, and unauthorized gossip. It will not wage war on its contemporaries, in the interest of any class, political, religious, sectional or otherwise. Its course will be directed with eye single to the dignified position which journalism should occupy, and in the general interests of the valley and surrounding region."

Durant ran the paper until his death in 1891, after which his brother, Pliney A. Durant, took over its operation. Soon after Pliney took over, John F. Dewey became owner and publisher and, shortly after that, the reins were passed on to Albert L. Hall, who in 1899 changed the name of the paper to the St. Charles Chronicle.

Hall's desire for bigger and better things had him starting the Elgin Daily Courier in 1903, and he sold the paper to his sister-in-law, Lina Paschal, which began a family tradition in town. In 1926, Lina Paschal was named St. Charles postmistress. She sold the paper at that time to local philanthropist Lester Norris. Norris held on to the paper for about 20 years before selling the paper to Paul Paschal, grandfather to Rob and Jim Paschal, whose father Don Paschal was a great-nephew to Lina Paschal. Rob and Jim were the fourth generation of the family to run the Chronicle.

In the 1970s and '80s, the Paschals embarked on expansion, starting the Geneva Chronicle in 1973 and buying the Batavia Herald, which was started in 1893, in 1976. The Elburn Chronicle was formed in 1987.

The Chronicle's first office was located in the building where Steel Beam Theater is now, 111 W. Main Street. The company later moved to 16 S. First Ave. A large front door was installed so that the presses could be moved in. In 1966, the Chronicle moved to east Main Street, leaving its old presses downtown and contracting with an offset printing company.

The Paschals sold the newspaper in 1989 to B.F. Shaw Printing Company (now Shaw Media), the fourth oldest continuously owned and operated family newspaper company in the nation, which built the present Chronicle office at 1000 Randall Road in 1990.

In 1990, the Chronicle's four semi-weekly papers, St. Charles, Geneva, Batavia, and Elburn, combined into one edition with the name changed to the Kane County Chronicle. Up until 1991, the paper had been published twice a week on Wednesday and Friday. In 1991, it began printing five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday, and in 1997, a Monday edition was added. As of 2003, the Chronicle became a daily paper with the addition of a Sunday edition.

Beginning with the 17 March edition, the Chronicle took a new tabloid format. Also, the Chronicle began publishing five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday, as it had between 1991 and 1997. Additionally, an increased local news focus was unveiled.

See also
 Northwest Herald

References

External links

 Shaw Media website

Newspapers established in 1881
Newspapers published in Illinois
Companies based in Kane County, Illinois
1881 establishments in Illinois
St. Charles, Illinois
Weekly newspapers published in the United States


The 2009 European Pairs Speedway Championship was the sixth edition of the UEM European Pairs Speedway Championship. The Final was held on 26 September 2009 in Miskolc, Hungary; it was second Final in Hungary, but first in Miskolc. The championship was won by Czech Republic pair and they beat Russia and the defending Champions Poland.

Results

In the Final will be the defending Champion Poland, Czech Republic (2nd place in 2008 Final), Russia (3rd place), host team Hungary (4th place) and Latvia (5th place). A last finalist will be determined in one Semi-Final. In Ljubljana, Slovenia on May 13 will be Austria (6th place), Germany (7th place), Ukraine, Finland, host team Slovenia, Italy and Croatia.

Semi-final

 23 May 2009 (16:20)
  Ljubljana, Stadion Ilirija (Length: 398 m)
 Referee:  Andrei Savin
 Jury President: None

Final

 26 September 2009 (15:00)
  Miskolc, Speedway Arena Miskolc (Length: 367 m)
 Referee:  Frank Ziegler
 Jury President:  Andrzej Grodzki

See also
 motorcycle speedway
 2009 Individual Speedway European Championship

References

2009
European Pairs


is the debut single by Japanese rock singer Nana Kitade. The song was used as the first ending theme in the first Fullmetal Alchemist anime series. The single reached #14 on the Oricon Charts and stayed on the charts for a total of twenty-two weeks, selling a total of 65,525 copies.

Music video
The music video for "Kesenai Tsumi" starts out with the image of a doll version of Kitade, that is being slowly pieced together. Throughout the video are images of pale red flowers, masks floating in a bubbly space and Kitade in a black dress. At the end of the video, Kitade is shown fully human, singing against a blue backdrop with the words "Debut" and "北出菜奈" (Kitade Nana) in white text.

Track listing

Raw "Breath" Track
"Kesenai Tsumi: Raw "Breath" Track" is an acoustic rearrangement of the song. It was released a month after the original "Kesenai Tsumi". The single reached #87 and charted for eleven weeks on the Oricon Charts.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
 Official Website Sony Music Japan

2003 singles
2003 songs
Nana Kitade songs
Fullmetal Alchemist songs
Songs written by Nana Kitade


Melancthon Smith Wade (December 2, 1801 – August 11, 1868) was a businessman, horticulturist, and soldier from the state of Ohio who served as a general in the Union Army during the early part of the American Civil War.

Biography
Melancthon Wade, the son of an American Revolutionary War officer and prisoner-of-war, Daniel Everett Wade, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was educated in the local schools and then opened a dry goods business that proved so successful that Wade was able to retire in 1840 at the age of 38. Concurrently with his business endeavors, he served with the Ohio Militia from 1825 until 1849, rising through the ranks from sergeant to brigadier general.

Wade married Eliza Armstrong on 27 Aug 1823. They had five or six children.

When the Civil War erupted in 1861, Wade was 58 years old. He volunteered his services to the Union Army and received a commission as a brigadier general on October 1 at the recommendation of Ormsby Mitchel. However, his appointment was never formally confirmed by the U.S. Senate. Wade's wife died on October 27.

He was assigned command of the newly constructed Camp Dennison near Cincinnati. Wade was given a full regiment of infantry to maintain and guard the training camp, as well as to assist in drilling and training the volunteer recruits that came in large numbers to the facility during the early months of the war.

On March 18, 1862, because of poor health and his advancing age, Wade resigned his commission and retired from the service. He returned to his estate in Avondale to engage in work as a fruit farmer and to pursue other horticultural interests with his oldest son, Melancthon Armstrong Wade.

Wade died at his home and was buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati.

See also

List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

References
Reid, Whitelaw, Ohio in the War: Her Statesmen, Her Generals, and Soldiers. 2 vol. Cincinnati: Moore, Wilstach, & Baldwin, 1868.
 U.S. Congress, Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1887.
 U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
Wade, Stuart Charles, The Wade Genealogy, Perth Amboy, New Jersey: American Publishing Company, 1900.

External links
  Retrieved 2008-11-11

Union Army generals
American militia generals
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
Cincinnati in the American Civil War
Military personnel from Cincinnati
Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery
1802 births
1868 deaths


The Nissan Saurus was a concept car designed by Nissan Motor and unveiled at the 1987 Tokyo Motor Show.  It was a roadster featuring a 2.0-liter turbocharged engine, with bulging fenders and a design reminiscent of the Lotus Seven.

Nissan marketed the Saurus as part of a pair along with the Jura minivan concept, introduced as a practical complement to the roadster. This approach was very radical for the Japanese market where space for two automobiles was unrealistic for most, so it was safely assumed the Saurus concept was never meant to see production.

Impact

The Saurus concept made its way into production in a modified form by Nissan's Nismo, Nissan's motor sports division. The Saurus Cup race series debuted 1989 using the Nissan Saurus Jr., a race car version of the Saurus. The series featured single seater sheet metal tub race cars with fiberglass molded bodies replicating the Saurus concept. The car was also used for Nissan Racing School. The successor to the Saurus race car, the Nissan Saurus Jr., is still used for advanced racing classes today.

The twin-charged engine of the Saurus made its way into production in 1989 through the March/Micra Super Turbo.

The Nissan Urge has been compared to the Saurus.

References

Saurus
Cars introduced in 1987


Musaeus College is a Buddhist private  girls' school in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The school is named after its founding principal, Marie Musaeus Higgins (1855 – 10 July 1926) from Wismar, Germany, who served as the school's principal from 1891 to 1926. Musaeus College provides primary and secondary education to more than 6,500 girls from ages 3 to 18, and is managed by a board of trustees. The school's motto is "Follow the Light".

Early history

The origin of the school can be traced to the Women's Education Society of Ceylon, whose mission was to improve educational opportunities for girls, with instruction in English along with Buddhist principles. It had the backing of the Buddhist Theosophical Society, which previously founded the Ananda College for boys along similar lines. With help and guidance from Peter De Abrew and Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, they founded the Sangamitta Girls' School at Tichborne Place, Maradana, around 1890, and wanted a European lady as its Principal. Colonel Olcott found a suitable candidate in Kate F. Pickett, the daughter of Elise Pickett, President of the Melbourne Theosophical Society. Pickett arrived in Colombo on 10 June 1891 and had apparently settled into life in the school's boarding house when she was found on the morning of 24 June 1891 drowned in a well in the school grounds.

Marie Musaeus Higgins, after whom the college was subsequently named, was the daughter of Theodor Musaeus, Chief Justice of Wismar in Mecklenburg, Germany. After having graduated and obtaining the title of Frau Professor, she proceeded to the United States of America and was engaged in educational work there. She married Anton Higgins, an engineer in the US army and a Theosophist. He died less than four years later. Following an advertisement by Col. Olcott in The Path (the magazine of the Buddhist Theosophical Society), she left for Ceylon, arriving on 15 November 1891.

The Musaeus Buddhist Girls' School started in a very simple and modest ‘mud hut’ which served both as living and teaching quarters with 12 students. The ‘hut’ was replaced by a brick building in the year 1895 as a result of a donation from Mr. Wilton Hack. He was a recent convert to Theosophy and around 1892, while in Colombo on his way home to Australia, Hack observed the work being carried out by Higgins ("Sudu Amma" to her students), and decided to become involved in its development. He was to remain on the board of trustees until his death in 1923.

The lack of sufficient classrooms had stood in the way of Government assistance. Whenever Higgins had approached Mr. J. B. Cull, Director of Public Instruction, for funds she was told that without a permanent building she was ineligible for a Grant. Once the fine new hall with its upper storey to serve as a teaching hall and extra dormitory was completed, an annual Government grant to the school followed.

Teachers’ Training School

The demand for women teachers for Sinhalese Buddhist Girls’ schools being great, Higgins was approached by the Manager of those schools to open a Training College to train women students as school teachers. This work was begun in 1908 with the approval and sanction of the Government. This college was now sending out annually a number of trained teachers as Head-Mistresses of Buddhist Sinhalese Girls’ Schools, situated out of Colombo.
There was a Practicing School attached to the Training College. Not only did it form and indispensable adjunct to the college, but also the mean of giving a free education in Sinhalese to the children in the neighborhood. The work of the Musaeus Buddhist Girls’ College was thus confined to:-

English College
Kindergarten on Modern Lines
Training College for women (Sinhalese)
Practising School (Sinhalese)
Works on Buddhism

Higgins’ historical studies induced her to study Buddhism and in her later years Higgins was engaged in the task of compiling books on Buddhism “Poya Days” and “Jataka Mala” (a translation of the Jataka Stories) are two of her popular books.
Higgins had planned to issue a series of plays called “Ceylon Historical Plays”. She published one or two of them and they were even acted out under her own supervision by the girls of Musaeus College. Her simplicity of style had a special appeal to children for whom most of her books were written.

As a social religious worker, Higgins was held in high esteem. Her life was entirely devoted to the cause, which she represented. In later years, she was not in the best of health-due to a life of strenuous hard work. The climate of Colombo did not agree with her and during the greater part of the year she lived at “Musaeus Cottage”, Diyatalawa. Later she was compelled to give up the Principalship of the school and become the Director.

During the last few days Higgins was seriously ill. She had more than one relapse and her condition continued to give anxiety. At the time of her death, her niece, Miss. Schneider who arrived from Germany, was personally looking after her, and was by her bedside when she died at the age of 71.

At a time when Western influences were becoming widespread, Higgins encouraged her students to uphold their traditional customs, manners and culture. She made religious activities an integral part of the school curriculum.

After 33 years of service Higgins died in 1926.

‘Founder-Father’ of Musaeus

Peter De Abrew was the eldest son of William de Abrew. He was one of the pioneers of the Theosophical Society of Ceylon. De Abrew became actively involved in the movement started by Colonel Henry Olcott and others towards the regeneration of the Sinhala nation, its religion and culture which had deteriorated during the last decades of the 19th Century together with his father, William de Abrew, who was himself a member of this movement donated their own land to build a Buddhist Girls’ School. Higgins and de Abrew started their school in 1891, in a little thatched mud-walled hut where Musaeus stands now.

In 1940 Peter De Abrew died at the age of 78.

Musaeus College Traditions

Motto :

The school motto has always been "පදීපං ගවේසථ" (pronounced: "padeepang gavae satha") which means "Follow the light". Higgins gave the motto so that Buddhist girls attending the college will always be focused, following the "path of light" or words of wisdom by Lord Buddha at the same time being moulded in to educated young ladies during the girls' time in college.

School Anthem

After the school was founded in 1891, a school anthem was first composed in 1893. This anthem: "what joy to sing Lord Buddha's praise" was sung in English. Later as years' passed by, the Anthem was translated to Sinhala as "නමදිමු මියුසියස් විදුහල් මවුනි" (Translation : let us worship mother Musaeus & Pronounced: Namadhimu Musaeus Widhuhal Mawuni) by the eminent Sri Lankan poet Madawala S Rathnayake and the music was composed by maestro Pandit W. D. Amaradeva. This is the school anthem sung by Musaeites today, to praise their alma-mater and the school's founder, Marie Musaeus Higgins.

Traditions Followed in Mornings

Children in all classes will worship Lord Buddha every morning by offering flowers before the class teacher arrives. Before the first period of study begins, "pansil" or the five Lay Vows or the five precepts are offered. Apart from this tradition, a 5- to 10-minute meditation session is offered for students several days a week, to enhance their mind for education and to give them a fresh start at the beginning of the week.
(In case of the presence of girls' who are non-Buddhist, which is usually a rare exception: they would be given the freedom to recall their own religious learning during this time in the morning)

Prefectorial System

Prefectships are awarded to senior and outstanding personalities in all three sections: The Primary (Grades 1–5), Middle School Section (Grades 6–8) and the Senior Section (9-13).

All prefects will support the college by completing the assigned duties and by taking charge of discipline of other students in their respective sections. They are entitled to wear the badges on daily basis during their time of appointment.

Houses
Students are categorized into four houses on enrollment. Each of the houses are named after four founding members of the college: Marie Musaeus Higgins, Henry Olcott,  Peter De Abrew & Annie Besant. The houses are led by House Captains, competing in all sports and aesthetic activities to win the inter-house championship. The houses are:

Principals

Religious education and training

Buddhism has a pre-eminent place in all school programmes, and is a compulsory subject in the curriculum in all grades.
The school day begins with a “Bakti-Gee” in veneration of the Buddha, followed by “Pansil”. On the last bell, three “Gathas” are recited paying homage to the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha. Flowers are offered daily by different classes at the College Shrine Room.
Once a month, a learned Bhikku is invited to deliver a sermon to both teachers and pupils. An endeavour is made to inspire the students with the tenets of Buddhism and train them according to the Buddhist way of life.

Teaching of English
Special emphasis is given to the teaching of English language. English medium classes are conducted from Grade 4 up to Advanced Level classes.
The teaching programme includes training in Speech, in addition to Courses prescribed by the Ministry of Education. The student is also introduced to Literature and reading through a reading programme conducted during school hours.

Notable alumni

Notable teachers
Iranganie Serasinghe

References
 An short historical sketch of the Musæus Buddhist Girl's College; Buddhist Annual of Ceylon, Vol 1 (1920), 1, p. 27

External links
Official website
Principal Musaeus College (1995-2008)
http://mcppa.com/

1891 establishments in Ceylon
Buddhist schools in Sri Lanka
Girls' schools in Sri Lanka
Educational institutions established in 1891
Private schools in Sri Lanka
Schools in Colombo


Peter Gál-Andrezly (born 3 May 1990) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Romanian Liga II club Csíkszereda.

Career
The Slovak Gal-Andrezly began his career with MFK Kosice and was in 2007 promoted to the seniorside of the Corgoň Liga. Middlesbrough signed him in January 2009 on loan for 6 months. He joined the Middlesbrough reserve team. After the end of the loan contract with Middlesbrough F.C. turned back to MFK Kosice on 1 July 2009. Gal-Andrezly two guest appearances for Shamrock Rovers in friendlies against Newcastle and Real Madrid in July 2009 at Tallaght Stadium and then had a trial spell with Charlton Athletic F.C.

International career
Gál-Andrezly was a member of the Slovakia national under-19 football team and presented the team in the 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification.

Personal life
His father Daniel Gál-Andrezly was the head coach of MFK Spartak Medzev of the II. Slovenská Futbalová Liga.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Ružomberok
Slovak Cup runner-up: 2017–18
Sepsi OSK
Cupa României runner-up: 2019–20

Notes and references

External links
 MFK Košice profile

Living people
1990 births
Footballers from Košice
Men's association football midfielders
Slovak men's footballers
FC VSS Košice players
FK Železiarne Podbrezová players
MFK Ružomberok players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. guest players
1. SC Znojmo FK players
Sepsi OSK Sfântu Gheorghe players
FK Csíkszereda Miercurea Ciuc players
Czech First League players
Slovak First Football League players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Slovak expatriate men's footballers
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Slovakia men's youth international footballers


Magnormos is an independent musical theatre production company based in Melbourne, Australia, that specialises in musicals written by Australian writers and lesser-known international works. Its productions have included the Australian premiere of [title of show] in 2010, and the 2011 world premiere of flowerchildren – the mamas and papas story which transferred to Melbourne's Comedy Theatre in 2013. Magnormos has been aligned with Theatre Works since 2003. It received a special Green Room Award certificate for Outstanding Support for New Australian Musical Theatre in 2012.

History
Magnormos was founded in 2002 by Aaron Joyner.  It has produced full productions, readings and concerts at various venues in Melbourne in direct collaboration with Mr.Schwatrz.

Productions
The inaugural production was Stephen Schwartz's Working at the Athenaeum II Theatre as part of the 2002 Melbourne Fringe Festival. The work was adapted for Australia by Joyner, with Schwartz's permission and involvement.

Until 2007, Magnormos predominantly presented readings of musicals, and these included Stephen Sondheim's Saturday Night, Mel Brooks' Archy & Mehitabel, Craig Christie's Water into Wine and Peter Pinne's A Bunch of Ratbags.

From 2007, Magnormos shifted to producing full productions again under the name of the Prompt! Musicals Program. Musicals shown through Prompt! include Mary Bryant (Nick Enright/David King), Life's A Circus (Anthony Costanzo), Love Equals (Craig Christie/Kristin Keam), Flora the Red Menace (John Kander/Fred Ebb/David Thompson) and The Thing About Men (Joe DiPietro/Jimmy Roberts).

In May 2010 Magnormos staged the Australasian premiere of Broadway musical [title of show], which was well received by the critics. Members of the Broadway company (Jeff Bowen, Heidi Blickenstaff and Michael Berresse) flew to Melbourne to see the production and conduct a question and answer session.  A return season was announced shortly after to play in August 2010, following a brief tour to regional city Frankston.

Also in 2010, Magnormos produced A Sondheim Triptych to celebrate the 80th birthday of Stephen Sondheim.  The Triptych included one-night presentations of Saturday Night, Merrily We Roll Along, and Anyone Can Whistle across consecutive Mondays at the Melbourne Recital Centre.

In 2011 Magnormos presented a Jerry Herman Triptych which included Milk and Honey, Dear World and Hello, Dolly!. Magnormos' 2011 season also included the Melbourne premiere of The Hatpin, and co-produced the world premiere of flowerchildren – the mamas and papas story starring Matt Hetherington, Laura Fitzpatrick, Dan Humphris and Casey Donovan as Mama Cass.

In 2013 the company staged a commercial season of flowerchildren – the mamas and papas story and a Stephen Schwartz Triptych in September featuring Godspell, Pippin and Children of Eden, with the composer himself in attendance.

Other productions include an orchestral concert of Kevin Purcell and Victor Kazan's Rebecca – the Musical'''and workshops of new musicals Flowerchildren (Peter Fitzpatrick) and Better Than Broadway (Melvyn Morrow, David Mitchell, Ray Cook).

 OzMade Musicals
OzMade Musicals is an annual gala concert of Australian musical theatre. The first OzMade was in 2003 at Theatre Works in St Kilda, and the newly opened Federation Square. In 2004 it was held at the BMW Edge, Federation Square and in 2005 it moved back to Theatre Works where it played until 2006. In 2007, OzMade Musicals was moved to the 800-seat Athenaeum Theatre in Collins Street Melbourne, where it also played in 2008. In 2010 it was held in the Comedy Theatre Melbourne.

OzMade Musicals debuts new musicals through the 'On The Drawing Board' program.  Submissions are accepted across Australia, and successful applicants are provided with development assistance and then presented as a fifteen-minute segment at the concert. Existing musicals are celebrated as 'OzMade Flashbacks', one song highlights from Australian musicals that have been performed. Musicals which have been presented in OzMade Musicals concerts include Paris, Metro Street, Eurobeat, and Virgins''.

Artists
Many Australian musical theatre stars have appeared on the Magnormos stage including Toni Lamond, Tony Sheldon, Nancye Hayes, Silvie Paladino, Anne Wood, Terence Donovan, Michael Cormick, Robert Grubb, Shaun Murphy, Sally Bourne, Jane Badler, Matt Hetherington, Chelsea Plumley, Casey Donovan, Jessica Featherby and many more.

References

External links
 Magnormos website

Theatre companies in Australia
Musical theatre companies
Musical groups established in 2002
2002 establishments in Australia
Theatre in Melbourne


Shāyast ne-Shāyast (MP: "Proper and Improper") is an 8th/9th-century Zoroastrian Middle Persian compilation of miscellaneous laws and customs regarding sin and impurity, with other memoranda about ceremonies and religious subjects in general. The text contains about 13,500 words.

The content of this collection are of a very varied character, but sins and good works, precautions to avoid impurities, details of ceremonies and customs, the mystic signification of the Gathas, and praise of the sacred beings are the principal subjects discussed.

References

Zoroastrian texts
Middle Persian literature


Tenebroides mauritanicus, commonly known as the cadelle, is a cosmopolitan and common pest in storehouses and granaries. Adults and larvae feed on grain and grain products, prey upon other insects infesting grain, and bore into wood. They typically pupate in wood cavities that they make. It is one of the longest lived insects that attacks stored grain and is very destructive and easily dispersed. It is also one of the largest (body length 10 mm.).

The larvae were nicknamed "bargemen" by sailors because they frequently infested ships' biscuits and were noticed when they would crawl out of the biscuits and onto the "barge", a small tub used to hold biscuits on the mess table.

References

External links

University of Kentucky
ZinRus Very high quality image.

See also Home stored product entomology

Trogossitidae
Beetles described in 1758
Cosmopolitan insects


Cerro Azul Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the state's Huasteca Baja region. The municipal seat is the city of Cerro Azul, Veracruz.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the municipality reported a total population of 24,739 (down from 27,071 in 1995), of whom
23,573 lived in the municipal seat.
Of the municipality's inhabitants, 565 (2%) spoke an indigenous language, primarily Huasteco and Nahuatl.

Cerro Azul Municipality covers a total surface area of 92.50 km2.

References

External links
  Municipal Official Site
  Municipal Official Information

Municipalities of Veracruz


Crystal G. McKenzie (August 29, 1950 - October 28, 2021) was a designer and president of Crystal McKenzie, Inc. A graduate of the Cooper Union, she also studied at the Universita Cattolica di Milano. McKenzie was married to Brian Jones. She was named the US Chamber of Commerce's "Woman Business Owner of the Year" in 1983.

References

Living people
American designers
1950 births


Eupatorium benguetense is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.

References

benguetense


is the second single by Japanese rock singer Nana Kitade. The title track was used as the closing theme song to TV Tokyo's Japan Countdown for the month of January 2004. The first press edition of the single came with a mini pin-up poster. The single reached #55 on the Oricon charts and stayed on the charts for a total of three weeks. This single has sold a total of 5,249 copies.

Music video
The music video for "Utareru Ame" shows Kitade recording the song in a dark studio by herself. The video is interspersed with images of rain on glass, flowers, and electronic meters.

Track list
  - 4:00
  - 4:01
  - 6:15
 Utareru Ame: Raw "Break" Track - 3:38

Charts

2004 singles
Nana Kitade songs
Songs written by Nana Kitade
2004 songs
SME Records singles


Sidraž () is a settlement in the Municipality of Cerklje na Gorenjskem in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Geography
Sidraž is a hill settlement in a shady location east of Šenturška Gora on a saddle between Doblič and Tunjščica creeks. The soil is loamy and there is a spring near the village.

Name
Sidraž was mentioned in historical sources in 1421 as Schydrachs (and as Sidras in 1449, Sydrasch in 1458, and Schidrass in 1475). The name is of unclear origin. A proposed derivation from *suhi draž is very unlikely for phonological reasons, and the village name is more likely based on a truncated personal name.

References

External links

Sidraž on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Cerklje na Gorenjskem


Useful Music is a studio album initially released in May 1999 under the SMG Records label by Josh Joplin Band, and again in January 2001 through Artemis Records after the band had renamed itself Josh Joplin Group following a change in its line-up.  While the album did not enjoy widespread commercial success, it peaked at #22 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart and spawned a moderate hit with its first single, "Camera One", which quickly reached #1 on the Triple A airplay chart, the highest position ever achieved by an independent release at that point (February 2001). Featuring a more rock-edged, radio-friendly sound than most of the other material on Useful Music, the song was also featured in an episode of the comedy series Scrubs (season 1, episode 7, "My Super Ego").

Track listing

Original release (1999)
All songs written by Josh Joplin.

Re-release (2001)
All credits are the same as the original release except where noted.
 "Matter"
 "Gravity"
 "Here I Am"
 "Undone"
 "Camera One" – 4:33
 Producer: Jerry Harrison
 Engineer: Karl Derfler
 Mixer: Tom Lord-Alge
 Mastering: Ted Jensen
 "I've Changed"
 "Trailways"
 "Who's Afraid of Thomas Wolfe?"
 "Phil Ochs"
 "Superstar"
 "Human"
 "Dutch Wonderland"
 "I've Changed (alternate version)" – 4:21
 Producer: Peter Collins
 Engineer: F. Reid Shippen
 Mastering: Greg Calbi

Album credits

Personnel
 Kenny Aronoff – drums
 Allen Broyles – backing vocals, piano, trumpet, organ, accordion, harmonium, keyboards, Wurlitzer electric piano
 Jason Buecker – percussion, drums, backing vocals
 Ani Cordero – backing vocals
 Deb Davis – electric guitar ("Trailways")
 Joe Gore – electric guitar
 Carl Herrgesell – electric guitar
 Danny Howes – electric guitar
 Clay Johnson – backing vocals
 Josh Joplin – lead and backing vocals, Rhodes electric piano, harmonica, acoustic guitar
 David Kostiner – drums
 Diana Mangano – backing vocals
 Geoff Melkonian – backing vocals, electric bass, double bass, viola
 Shawn Mullins – guitar, piano, backing vocals
 Pamela Sixfin – violin
 Eric Taylor – drums ("Camera One")
 Kris Wilkinson – string arrangement

Production
 John Bentham – photography
 Chris Bilheimer – art direction
 Allen Broyles – producer ("Phil Ochs")
 Greg Calbi – mastering (all tracks except "Matter" and "Camera One")
 Matt Chiaravalle – mixer ("Here I Am", "Trailways", and "Superstar")
 Peter Collins – producer ("I've Changed (alternate version)")
 Karl Derfler – engineer ("Matter" and "Camera One")
 Russ Fowler – engineer (all tracks except "Matter", "Camera One", and "I've Changed (alternate version)"), mixer ("Far Away", "Phil Ochs", "Who's Afraid of Thomas Wolfe?", "Human", and "Dutch Wonderland")
 Daniel Glass – executive producer
 Jerry Harrison – producer ("Matter" and "Camera One")
 J. Reid Hunter – legal
 Ted Jensen – mastering ("Matter" and "Camera One")
 Josh Joplin – producer ("Phil Ochs")
 Matt Lively – illustration
 Tom Lord-Alge – mixer ("Matter" and "Camera One")
 Alex Lowe – engineer ("Gravity")
 Shawn Mullins – producer (all tracks except "Matter", "Phil Ochs", "Camera One", and "I've Changed (alternate version)")
 Phil Nicolo – mixer ("Gravity," "Undone," and "I've Changed")
 Charles “Chicky” Reeves – engineer ("Phil Ochs")
 Anthony J. Resta – drum and keyboard programmer
 F. Reid Shippen – engineer ("I've Changed (alternate version)")

Sources

External links
 Useful Music at Discogs
 Useful Music at Billboard.com

Josh Joplin albums
1999 albums
Artemis Records albums
Albums produced by Shawn Mullins
Albums produced by Jerry Harrison


Igor Grkajac (; born 26 April 1987) is a Serbian professional footballer who last played as a striker for Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia.

Career

Club career
In January 2020, Grkajac joined Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia under newly hired Serbian coach Vojislav Bralušić.

References

External links

Footballers from Kraljevo
1987 births
Living people
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
FK Bane players
FK Borac Čačak players
FK Kolubara players
Tvøroyrar Bóltfelag players
FK Mačva Šabac players
FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac players
FK Mladost Lučani players
FK Novi Pazar players
FK Radnički Pirot players
FK Sloga Kraljevo players
FK Smederevo 1924 players
FK Timok players
FK Tutin players
Ulaanbaatar City FC players
Serbian First League players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Faroe Islands Premier League players
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Malta
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in the Faroe Islands
Expatriate men's footballers in Malta
Expatriate men's footballers in the Faroe Islands
Expatriate men's footballers in Mongolia


Cerro Azul is a city in the  Mexican state of Veracruz. Located in the state's Huasteca Baja region, it serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the city reported a total population of
23,573.

History
The site had been a  area of rolling plains and hills used for cattle grazing (potreros).  Hundreds of little asphalt springs dotted the area where cattle bones could be seen caught in the black seepage.  Oil drilling in the area began in 1906.

The town's population grew exponentially following the drilling of the Cerro Azul No. 4 well, at the time the world's largest pumping 260,000 barrels per day (BPD), in February 1916.  The well was drilled by Herbert Wylie for the Mexican Petroleum Company, then controlled by California oilman Edward L. Doheny.  When the well came in the sound could be heard  away in Casiano, and shot a stream of oil  into the air, sending oil in a two-mile (3-km) radius.  Over the next 14-years the well would produce over 57 millions barrels.  Doheny formed the Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company, of which the Mexican Petroleum Company portion would later become the PEMEX.

The municipality of Cerro Azul was created on 27 November 1963, and the city was given city status on 6 December 1983.

References

External links
  Municipal Official Site
  Municipal Official Information

Populated places in Veracruz


Maurice (Moritz) Billecard (3 August 1876, in Lure – 8 December 1940) was a French chess master.

He tied for 7-8th at Paris 1896 (Dawid Janowski won), tied for 14-15th at Munich 1900 (the 12th DSB Congress, Géza Maróczy, Harry Pillsbury and Carl Schlechter won), took 4th at Paris 1901 (Quadrangular, Adolf Albin and Stanislaus Sittenfeld won), withdrew from the 1902 Monte Carlo chess tournament, and took 20th in the Ostend 1907 chess tournament (Masters' Tournament, Ossip Bernstein and Akiba Rubinstein won).

He lived in Algeria.

References

1876 births
1940 deaths
French chess players


The Crumbs are a rock band originating from  Miami, Florida. The band is composed of Raf Classic (guitar/vocals), Johnny B (guitar), Emil 4 (bass), and Chuck Loose (drums).

They have been inspired by 1950s rock music and the music of The Ramones, The MC5, Crime, The Dead Boys, The Stooges, The Pagans, and other pre-1977 punk acts that paved the way for the Crumbs' sound.

Recess Records released the band's first EP in 1995 titled I Fell in Love With an Alien Girl and I Think I'm Goin' to Mars With Her. This was soon followed by the Far Out Records 10", Get All Tangled Up. The band signed with Lookout! Records, who released their 1996 EP Shakespeare and 1997 full-length self-titled album. Chuck Loose left the group in 1997 to focus on the Drug Czars, while his replacement, Grim, was swiped from fellow Miami-based punkers, the Basicks. Lookout Records released the Crumbs' second full album entitled Low and Behold in 1998.

Discography
 1995: I Fell in Love With an Alien Girl and I Think I'm Goin' to Mars With Her (Recess Records), four song EP
 1995: Get All Tangled Up (Farout Records), 8 songs, 10 inch vinyl and CD, includes "Whatta they know" and "Iggy can't lose"
 1996: Shakespeare (Lookout! Records), EP
 1997: The Crumbs (Lookout! Records), 14 songs
 1998: Low and Behold (Lookout! Records), 13 songs
 2000: "Out of Range" (Recess Records)
 2004: Last Exit (TKO Records)
 2006: Hold That Shit Right (Recess Records), opens with five previously unreleased tracks, also includes the out of print Alien Girl and Get All Tangled Up EP's.
 2008: Dade County Trash, 12 songs (Insubordination Records)
 2009: split with The Ridicules, (It's Alive Records)
 2009: Live from Baltimore, (Insubordination Records)
 2010: Gator Kicks (Livid Records)

References

External links
 [ AMG: Biography]

Rock music groups from Florida


The Future That Was is the second and final studio album by Josh Joplin Group.  Like Useful Music, it did not enjoy commercial success.

Track listing
All songs written by Josh Joplin
 "Must Be You" – 3:13
 "Wonderful Ones" – 3:12
 "Listening" – 4:07
 "Siddhartha's of Suburbia" – 3:11
 "It's Only Entertainment" – 3:01
 "Dishes" – 2:52
 "I Am Not The Only Cowboy" – 4:04
 "Lucky" – 4:05
 "Trampoline" – 2:59
 "Fire" – 3:11
 "Happy At Last" – 2:53
 "The Future That Was" – 2:50
 "Wonder Wheel" – 5:00

External links
The Future That Was review - Musictap.net, 11/9/2002.
The Future That Was review - The Daily Vault, 1/15/2003.

Josh Joplin albums
2002 albums
Artemis Records albums


A list of all windmills and windmill sites which lie in the current ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire.

Locations

A - B

C - D

E

F - G

H - I

K - L

M - O

P - R

S

T

U - Y

Locations formerly within Cambridgeshire
For mills in Upwell see List of windmills in Norfolk.

Maps
1610 - Map of Huntingdonshire, 1610, John Speed
1797 - William Faden
1826 - Andrew Bryant
1885 - Ordnance Survey 25 inch England and Wales

Notes

Mills in bold are still standing, known building dates are indicated in bold. Text in italics denotes indicates that the information is not confirmed, but is likely to be the case stated.

Sources

Unless otherwise stated, the source for all entries is

References

Cambridgeshire
Windmills


The 2009 Individual European Championship will be the 9th UEM Individual Speedway European Championship season. The final took place on 23 August, 2009 in Tolyatti, Russia. The championship was won by Renat Gafurov (Russia), who beat Andriej Karpov (Ukraine) and Aleš Dryml, Jr. (Czech Republic) in Run-Off. The defending champion, Matej Žagar, lost in semi-final 3.

Calendar

Qualifying rounds

Semi-finals

Final
The Final
 23 August 2009 (16:00 UTC+5)
  Tolyatti, Stadium “STROITEL” (Length: 353 m)
Referee:  Anthony Steele
Jury President:  Andrzej Grodzki
Change:
(10)  Adrian Gomólski (injury) → track reserve Darkin
(5)  Rafał Trojanowski → track reserve A.Dryml, Jr.
(17)  A.Dryml, Jr. →  Manuel Hauzinger → None
(18)  Darkin →  Patrick Hougaard → None
{7}  Jurica Pavlic → Dubinin

See also
 motorcycle speedway

References

2009
European Individual


Eupatorium camiguinense is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.

References

camiguinense
Taxa named by Elmer Drew Merrill


Dudley Brian Spalding, FRS FREng (9 January 1923 – 27 November 2016) was Professor of Heat Transfer and Head of the Computational Fluid Dynamics Unit at Imperial College, London. He was one of the founders of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an internationally recognized contributor to the fields of heat transfer, fluid mechanics and combustion. He created the practice of CFD – its application to problems of interest to engineers. Most of today’s commercially available CFD software tools trace their origin to the work done by Spalding's group in the decade spanning the mid-60s and mid-70s. Spalding became a Fellow of the Royal Society and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Life
Spalding was born at New Malden, Surrey, England, and educated at King's College School, Wimbledon. He received his BA degree in Engineering Science from Oxford University in 1944 and PhD from Cambridge University in 1952. He joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Imperial College in 1954 as a Reader in Heat Transfer. On his promotion to Professor of Heat Transfer in 1958 he gave his inaugural lecture entitled Heat Transfer in Rocket Motors. He was the founder of the company Concentration Heat And Momentum Limited, (CHAM) specialising in computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer processes. CHAM's major product is the widely used PHOENICS CFD code. Spalding himself was the main creator of, and contributor to, PHOENICS.

Together with his student Suhas Patankar he developed the SIMPLE algorithm, a widely used numerical procedure to solve the Navier–Stokes equations.

In late 1970s and early 1980s, Brian Spalding was the Reilly Professor of Combustion Engineering at Purdue University.

Though in his 90s, Spalding continued to be active in his field, and was taken ill while at an international conference in Russia.  He died on his return to the UK.

CHAM
Spalding formed Combustion Heat and Momentum Ltd on 14 November 1969, which was renamed to Concentration Heat and Momentum Ltd (CHAM) in 1974. The company was set up as a means of financing and conducting research and development in the fields of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and combustion, with special emphasis on the development of computer programs for the design of engineering equipment, and for the analysis and prediction of the motion of matter and heat in the environment. From the outset commercial CFD services were provided to industrial and governmental clients based on the technology that had emerged from his research group at Imperial College in the late 1960s.  Later these services were based on PHOENICS, the first commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics Software, which he created in 1978 and released commercially in 1981.

The first contracts undertaken by CHAM were conducted by members of the academic staff of the Heat Transfer Section of the Mechanical Engineering Department of Imperial College, London. The contracts resulted in the development for industrial organisations of particular versions of certain computer programs, general versions of which had been constructed by Spalding and his colleagues and published in the open scientific literature. The computer programs concerned the analysis of two-dimensional steady fluid-flow phenomena. Subsequently, in the early 1970s, CHAM funds generated from contract work for industrial and governmental clients were used for the development of new families of computer programs, for three-dimensional phenomena as well as two-dimensional ones, and for time-dependent as well as steady flows. At that time CHAM placed a general research contract with Imperial College to develop a complete array of computer programs for predicting all the major types of convective, heat-transfer and chemically-reactive processes which are likely to be encountered in engineering and the natural environment. These programs were equipped with mathematical models for turbulence, radiation, chemical reaction and some two-phase effects, such as particle-size change. During this period, CHAM programs were used by arrangement for calculations required in researches sponsored, for example, by the Science Research Council and the Department of Trade and Industry. In addition, CHAM-generated techniques were incorporated into post-graduate and under-graduate teaching curricula at Imperial College.

Between 1969 and 1980, CHAM developed numerous application-specific CFD computer codes. In 1978, Spalding conceived the idea of a single CFD code capable of handling all fluid-flow processes. Consequently, CHAM abandoned the policy of developing individual application-specific CFD codes, and during late 1978 the company began creating the world’s first general-purpose CFD code, PHOENICS, which is an acronym for Parabolic, Hyperbolic Or Elliptic Numerical Integration Code Series. The initial creation of PHOENICS was largely the work of Spalding and Harvey Rosten, and the code was launched commercially in 1981, and so here for the first time, a single CFD code was to be used for all thermo-fluids problems.

Biographical material

 Brian Spalding tribute lecture, CHT-08, Marrakech 2008
 A tribute to D.B. Spalding and his contributions in science and engineering, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.52, 3884–3905, 2009

Selected books
 B. E. Launder and D. B. Spalding, Mathematical Models of Turbulence, Academic Press (1972).
 D. B. Spalding and E. H. Cole, Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd ed., Hodder Arnold (1973).
 D. B. Spalding, Combustion and Mass Transfer, Elsevier (1978).
 D. B. Spalding, Convective Mass Transfer- An Introduction, McGraw Hill (1963).

Honours and awards
 Max Jakob Memorial Award, 1978
 Fellowship of the Royal Society, 1983
 Fellowship of the Royal Academy of Engineering, 1989
 Global Energy Prize, 2009
 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Mechanical Engineering of The Franklin Institute, 2010

References

Fluid dynamicists
Computational fluid dynamicists
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
People educated at King's College School, London
1923 births
2016 deaths
Academics of Imperial College London
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Purdue University faculty
People from New Malden
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates


Helophilus are a diverse genus of moderate to large hoverflies, that appear somewhat bee-like. Larvae filter-feed in organic rich water. All Helophilus adults have a distinctive lengthwise striped thorax and a transverse striped abdomen.

Species

Subgenus: Helophilus
H. affinis Wahlberg, 1844
H. bilinearis Williston, 1887
H. borealis Stæger, 1845
H. bottnicus Wahlberg, 1844
H. celeber Osten Sacken, 1882
H. consimilis Malm, 1863
H. continuus Loew, 1854
H. contractus (Claussen & Pedersen, 1980)
H. distinctus Williston, 1887
H. fasciatus Walker, 1849
H. frutetorum (Fabricius, 1775)
H. groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1780)
H. hybridus Loew, 1846
H. insignis Violovitsh, 1979
H. intentus Curran and Fluke, 1922
H. interpunctus (Harris, 1776)
H. kurentzovi (Violovitsh, 1960)
H. lapponicus Wahlberg, 1844
H. latifrons Loew, 1863
H. lineatus (Fabricius, 1787)
H. lunulatus Meigen, 1822
H. neoaffinis Fluke, 1949
H. obscurus Loew, 1863
H. oxycanus (Walker, 1852)
H. parallelus (Harris, 1776)
H. pendulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
H. perfidiosus (Hunter, 1897)
H. pilosus Hunter, 1897
H. relictus (Curran & Fluke, 1926)
H. sapporensis Matsumura, 1911
H. sibiricus Smirnov, 1923
H. stipatus Walker, 1849
H. transfugus (Linnaeus, 1758)
H. trivittatus (Fabricius, 1805)
H. turanicus Smirnov, 1923
H. versicolor (Fabricius, 1794)
H. virgatus Coquillett, 1898

Subgenus: Pilinasica
H. antipodus Schiner, 1868
H. campbelli (Miller, 1921)
H. campbellicus Hutton, 1902
H. cargilli Miller, 1911
H. chathamensis Hutton, 1901
H. cingulatus Fabricius, 1775
H. hectori Miller, 1924
H. hochstetteri Nowicki, 1875
H. ineptus Walker, 1849
H. montanus (Miller, 1921)
H. seelandicus Gmelin, 1790
H. taruensis Miller, 1924

References

Hoverfly genera
Taxa named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen
Eristalini
Taxa described in 1822


Gwendoline was a sternwheel steamer that operated on the Kootenay River in British Columbia and northwestern Montana from 1893 to 1899.  The vessel was also operated briefly on the Columbia River in the Columbia Valley.

Design and construction
Gwendoline was built in 1893 at Wasa, BC on the Kootenay River for the Upper Columbia Navigation & Tramway Co. of which Capt. Frank P. Armstrong (1859-1923) was a principal.

Transits of Baillie-Grohman canal
Some time in 1893 or 1894 Armstrong took Gwendoline north to Columbia Lake and the Columbia River through the Baillie-Grohman canal at Canal Flats, BC.  In 1894 Armstrong returned the vessel south back to the Kootenay River.  Gwendoline thus became one of only two steamboats (the other was North Star) to use the canal.  Because North Star, being longer than the canal's one lock, had actually destroyed the lock in order to make her transit, Gwendoline was only steamboat to use the canal twice, and the only one to use it in a conventional way.

Operations on Kootenay River
In 1896 Gwendoline was operated on the route from Canal Flats to Fort Steele, BC.  During this time the vessel was lengthened from  to .

Wrecked in Jennings Canyon
Gwendoline was wrecked in Jennings Canyon in May 1897 in a collision with Ruth, another sternwheeler of the Upper Columbia Navigation & Tramway Co.  Both vessels were bound downriver.  Ruth under Capt. L.B. Sanborn first entered the canyon, with 16 passengers and 80 tons of ore on board.  Halfway through the canyon, a log caught in Ruth'''s sternwheel, which threw the vessel out of control and caused to swing broadside blocking the channel.  Gwendoline under Captain Armstrong then came down the river less than an hour later, and smashed into Ruth.  No one was killed.

There was some talk that Captain Sanborn should have flagged the channel to warn Gwendoline and his statement that a log had jammed in his sternwheel was questioned.  Still, there was no doubt that the Jennings Canyon was dangerous, for of the six sternwheelers that ever traversed the canyon, eventually five were damaged or completely wrecked there.   By June 1898 Gwendoline was salvaged, but Ruth was damaged beyond repair.

Joint operations with Kootenay River Navigation Company
During 1898, Captain Armstrong and Captain McCormack combined their efforts on the upper Kootenay, with the Armstrong boats North Star and Gwendoline receiving 60% of the freight receipts, with the balance to McCormack's single boat J.D. Farrell.   James D. Miller (1830-1914) one of the Northwest's most experienced steamboat captains, commanded Farrell during this time.

Withdrawal from Kootenay River service
1898 was possibly the peak year for steamboat activity on the Kootenay River.  By the end the year, business declined sharply on the route as traffic shifted over to newly completed railways, causing Gwendoline to be laid up at Jennings from October 1898 to the spring of 1899 with two other unneeded sternwheelers, North Star and J.D. Farrell.Downs, Art, Paddlewheels on the Frontier, at 101-110, Superior Publishing, Seattle, WA 1972

Failed transfer and loss
In 1898 Captain Armstrong went north to join the Klondike Gold Rush, and while he was gone, J.D. Miller (1830-1914) was left in charge of Gwendoline.  Miller, one of the most experienced steamboat captains in the Northwest, had the idea of moving Gwendoline by rail around Kootenai Falls.  Smaller steamboats had been successfully moved similar distances by rail before, for example Marion and Selkirk.  Marion in particular had been moved twice by rail, once in 1890 and again in 1897.  The ultimate plan for Gwendoline was to run her on Duncan Lake.

In this case, the execution was flawed.  While loaded on two flat cars, the vessel tipped over and fell down 70 feet down a canyon, landing bottom side up, and was a total loss.

Notes

Further reading

 Faber, Jim, Steamer's Wake—Voyaging down the old marine highways of Puget Sound, British Columbia, and the Columbia River, Enetai Press, Seattle, WA 1985
 Timmen, Fritz, Blow for the Landing'', 75-78, 134, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, ID 1972

External links
 Columbia Basin Institute of Regional History
 Fort Steele Heritage Town

Paddle steamers of British Columbia
Transportation in Lincoln County, Montana
Steamboats of the Columbia River
Steamboats of the Kootenay River
Columbia Valley
1893 ships


The New England Biotech Association (NEBA) is a coalition of biotechnology companies, academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and trade organizations from all six New England States.

NEBA serves as a regional policy and public affairs voice for the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industry.

NEBA is a non-profit, member driven organization, with over 600 members.

The Chairman of NEBA is Paul Pescatello, Director of Connecticut United for Research Excellence -(CURE.)

In 2010, NEBA advocated against measures that would harm the biotechnology industry in Maine  and other New England states.  The organization also launched a website www.MassRxHelp.org to help consumers save money on prescription medications.

External links
 Official web site

References

Biotechnology organizations
Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts


Jalan KLIA 1, Federal Route 182, is the third highway in Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Malaysia. It is a main route to KLIA Charter Field Town or KLIA Town Centre. The Kilometre Zero is located at Nilai-KLIA Highway junctions.

Features

At most sections, the Federal Route 182 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

List of interchanges

References

See also
KLIA Expressway
KLIA Outer Ring Road
KLIA East Road
Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA)

Highways in Malaysia
Expressways and highways in the Klang Valley
Kuala Lumpur International Airport
Roads in Selangor


This is list of women's football clubs in South Korea.

List

WK League

Defunct clubs
 Soongmin Wonders (1999.12.~2002.11.)
 Bucheon FMC Best WFC (2010.03~2010.12.)
 Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma (2006.03-2012.11.)

See also
List of women's association football clubs
List of football clubs in South Korea

External links
 Korea Women's Football League team intro page

Women's football clubs
Korea Republic women

Football clubs, women's


Spodnji Brnik (; in older sources also Spodnji Bernik, ) is a settlement in the Municipality  of Cerklje na Gorenjskem in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Spodnji Brnik is also the closest settlement to Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport, commonly known as Brnik Airport.

Church

The local church is dedicated to Saints Simon and Jude and was first mentioned in documents from 1511, when it was extended and dedicated, its predecessor on the site probably dating to the early Middle Ages.

Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Spodnji Brnik include:
Lojze Ilija (1905–1982), writer

References

External links

Spodnji Brnik on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Cerklje na Gorenjskem


is Nana Kitade's fourth single and her first double A-side single. It debuted at #60 and charted for three weeks on the Oricon Charts. The song "Pureness" was featured as the first ending theme to the Shounen anime Beet the Vandel Buster.

Music video
The music video for "Pureness" shows Kitade playing live with her band in a dark club, with scenes of her singing against a red leather background.

There is no music video for "Nanairo". It also did not appear on any album and is found only on its single.

Track listing
Pureness - 3:50
 - 4:16
Pureness (Instrumental) - 3:50
Nanairo (Instrumental) - 4:16

Charts

2004 songs
Nana Kitade songs
Songs written by Nana Kitade
2004 singles
Sony Music Entertainment Japan singles


El Conquistador was a weekly bilingual newspaper serving McHenry County, Lake County and DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. El Conquistador was published from 1993 to 2011, when it merged with Reflejos.

In addition to single-copy sales, El Conquistador was popular with schools, which used it as a learning aid because all articles were published in both English and Spanish.

El Conquistador was a part of Shaw Suburban Media's NorthWest News Group and was owned by Shaw Newspapers.  Shaw Suburban Media includes the Northwest Herald, Kane County Chronicle, DeKalb Daily Chronicle, Lake County Journals, Weekly Journals, The Business Journal, Great Lakes Bulletin, and McHenryCountySports.com.

History

Laura Carrillo Barth, a long-time Elgin resident and two other investors saw the need for an English and Spanish newspaper in the Elgin area. In January 2002, Vision del Fox Valley started covering issues of interest to the Hispanic community in Elgin on a monthly basis. The slogan was "two languages, one voice."

In October 1992, Barth parted ways with her associates and expanded coverage to Aurora with the creation of Vision del Fox Valley - Aurora Edition. Operations moved to Aurora, where Vision shared office space with the Aurora Hispanic Chamber of Commerce.

In February 1993, the newspaper changed its frequency to twice a month, with plans to expand coverage beyond the Fox Valley area. The publication changed its name to El Conquistador, added the Don Quixote logo, and modified its slogan: "El Conquistador, like Don Quixote and his 'impossible dream,' seeks to conquer the barrier between two languages and between two cultures, for all Hispanics by birth and Hispanics at heart, through our articles, stories and photos, reflecting the Hispanic culture, language and, at the same time, serving the community." Circulation expanded to Rockford.

In 1995, El Conquistador moved to its own building in downtown Aurora.

In 1997, circulation was reviewed and an opportunity came to cover the Hispanic community in the growing Joliet market, located in the southwestern Chicago suburbs. The decision was made to eliminate the Rockford market. El Conquistador acquired the Latino Journal, a bilingual publication in the Joliet area. With the addition of this market, audited circulation jumped to 15,000 copies per issue.

The need for more information with shorter periods in between issues prompted the change in circulation from twice a month to weekly. The change took place with the Nov. 2, 2001 issue.

In November 2004, the newspaper underwent a design and content transformation. Sections that appeared occasionally became permanent and the publication size changed from an 11 by 17 to a 10 by 11.7' tabloid to make it more reader-friendly.

On Jan. 21, 2006, El Conquistador was acquired by the NorthWest News Group, a division of Shaw Newspapers, and a new era began, moving operations to the Kane County Chronicle building in Geneva and redesigning the newspaper. Publication size changed again, this time to 9.667 by 11.5. Changes included elimination of Joliet as a coverage area, and circulation was increased throughout McHenry County to better support the NorthWest News Group market.

In June 2006, NorthWest News Group purchased Lo Nuestro, a bilingual Hispanic publication serving DeKalb County. Lo Nuestro news and photos were blended into El Conquistador.

In July 2011, El Conquistador merged with Daily Herald Media Group's Reflejos. The merged paper began publishing under the Reflejos nameplate on August 6, 2011.

References

External links
 El Conquistador website

Defunct newspapers published in Chicago
Companies based in Kane County, Illinois
Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States
Bilingual newspapers
Hispanic and Latino American culture in Illinois
Spanish-language mass media in Illinois
Non-English-language newspapers published in Illinois
Newspapers established in 1993
Publications disestablished in 2011


Wie wordt euromiljonair? (, English translation: Who will be a euromillionaire?) was a Belgian game show based on the original British format of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. The show was hosted by . The main goal of the game was to win €1 million by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. Wie wordt euromiljonair? was broadcast from 2002 to 2006. The show was shown on the Belgian television station vtm. The first safe haven was on question 5 for €500, the second one on question 10 for €12,500.

2002 - 2006 payout structure

Old version
From 1999 to 2001, it was called Wie wordt multimiljonair? (, English translation: Who will be a multimillionaire?). Its host was also Walter Grootaers. The biggest prize was 20 million Belgian francs.

1999 - 2001 payout structure

References

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
1999 Belgian television series debuts
2001 Belgian television series endings
2002 Belgian television series debuts
2006 Belgian television series endings
1990s Belgian television series
2000s Belgian television series
Belgian game shows
VTM (TV channel) original programming


Bill Kennemer (born 1946) is an American clinical psychologist and Republican politician who represented the 20th district in the Oregon State Senate from 2021 to 2023. Kennemer previously represented Oregon's 39th House district in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2009 to 2019, and Oregon's 12th Senate district from 1987 to 1997.

Early life and education
Kennemer was born in Sacramento, California. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Warner Pacific College in 1968 and a PhD from Fuller Graduate School of Psychology in 1975.

Career
Kennemer was a clinical psychologist in private practice for nearly 25 years as well as a professor of psychology. He has also worked as a truck driver and farm hand.

Political career
Kennemer cites his commitment to public service as stemming from an incident in 1952 when, after his family home was destroyed by a fire, the community came together to rebuild it. He was an Oregon State Senator from 1987 to 1996, where he served as Assistant Senate Minority Leader,
and Chair of the Senate Business, Housing and Finance Committee. He was in the BiPartisan Tourism Caucus, and the Fish and Wildlife Caucus, and was a member of the Association of Oregon Counties Legislative Committee.
He was also a member of the Education Commission of the States and the Clackamas County Economic Development Commission.

Upon leaving the Senate, he served as a Clackamas County Commissioner from 1997 to 2008, five times as chair.

In 2008, he narrowly won the closest legislative race in Oregon against first-time candidate Democrat Toby Forsberg for the Oregon House of Representatives seat held by former Minority Leader Wayne Scott. He won four more two-year terms before opting not to seek re-election in 2018.

In 2021, Kennemer was appointed to complete the Senate term of Alan Olsen, who resigned with two years remaining in his term.

Awards
As Clackamas County Commissioner in, he received the Association of Oregon Counties Board of Directors' Outstanding Service Award for 1998. Later, while a state representative, his support and advocacy in animal-related measures saw him labeled as a 2011 "Top Dog" by the Oregon Humane Society.

Memberships and committees
 Oregon Trail Foundation, Founding Member
 Providence Milwaukie Hospital Foundation Board
 North Clackamas Chamber Board of Directors
 Warner Pacific College Board of Trustees

Personal life
Having lost his previous wife to cancer, Kennemer is now married to Cherie McGinnis. They share four children and nine grandchildren.

Electoral history

2022

References

External links
 Clackamas County Board of Commissioners
 Project VoteSmart biography

1946 births
21st-century American politicians
County commissioners in Oregon
Living people
Republican Party members of the Oregon House of Representatives
Republican Party Oregon state senators
Politicians from Oregon City, Oregon
Politicians from Sacramento, California
Warner Pacific University alumni


Israel was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, held in Bergen, Norway.

Before Eurovision

Kdam Eurovision 1986
The Israeli national final to select their entry was held on 27 March at the Jerusalem Centre for the Performing Arts in Jerusalem, and was hosted by Daniel Pe'er and Rivka Michaeli. The votes of seven regional juries across Israel decided the winner.

The winning entry was "Yavo Yom" performed by Moti Giladi and Sarai Tzuriel and composed by Yoram Zadok, with lyrics written by Giladi.

Spokespersons
Tel Aviv - Dani Lewinstein
Eilat - Aviva Metz
Jerusalem -
Golan Heights - Yaakov Belsenbaum
Haifa - Amnon Peer
Herzliya -
Or Akiva - Benny Uri

At Eurovision
Moti Giladi and Sarai Tzuriel performed eleventh on the night of the contest, following Switzerland and preceding Ireland. At the close of the voting it had received 7 points, placing 19th in a field of 20 competing countries. Up to that point, it was the worst-ranking song Israel had sent to the Contest, and it would remain so until 1993.

Voting

References

External links
Israeli National Final 1986

1986
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986
Eurovision


Samina Raja ( 11 September 1961 – 30 October 2012) was a Pakistani Urdu poet, writer, editor, translator,  educationist and broadcaster. She lived in Islamabad, Pakistan, and worked in the National Language Authority and National Book Foundation as a subject specialist.

Early life

Raja was born in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. She gained a master's degree in Urdu Literature from Punjab University in Lahore. She started writing poetry in 1973 and published twelve books of poetry, two Kulliyat and one selection of her romantic poetry so far. She wrote some books in Urdu prose and edited and translated some valuable works of prose from English to Urdu.

Raja joined the National Book Foundation as a consultant and as editor of the monthly Kitab in 1998. In 1998 she also joined the monthly Aassar as an editor.

She conducted All Pakistan Mushairas since 1995 on Pakistan Television (PTV). She also presented the literary program Urdu Adab Mein Aurat Ka Kirdar ("The Role of Woman in Urdu Literature") on PTV.

Raja also as a Subject Specialist in the National Language Authority, Islamabad and was planning to bring out a new literary magazine Khwabgar (the Dream Maker)'s  (she is an Urdu poet) Samina Raja had been awarded for two awards – Prime Minister Award and Writers Award – but she refused to accept them citing nomination of undeserving people along with her. Many a times she refused to participate in literary events where chief guests were those who had nothing to do with literature,”
Samina Raja demonstrated work by many unique techniques (ideas) of writing. One of her (ambition) was to translate the Quran in urdu and convert the urdu translation into poetry, which was never done by anyone in the world. She started her project without knowing that this will be the last project of her life, just before getting ill, she started with "surah e baqarah" and kept on going, she wanted to complete and publish but couldn't finish.

Raja passed away of cancer in Islamabad on 31 October 2012. She was survived by three sons.

Selected works

Books of poetry
She started writing in 1973 and published twelve collections of poetry.

 Huweda (1995)
 Shehr e saba (1997)
 Aur Wisal (1998)
 Khwabnaey (1998)
 Bagh e Shab (1999)
 Bazdeed (2000)
 Haft Aasman (2001)
 Parikhana (2002)
 Adan Ke Rastey Par (2003)
 Dil e Laila (2004)
 Ishqabad (2006)
 Hijr Nama (2008)

She also has published two Kulliyat and one selection of her poetry,

 Kitab e Khwab (2004)
 Kitab e Jan (2005)
 Woh Sham Zara Si Gehri Thi (2005)

Books of prose and translations
 Sharq Shanasi (Orientalism, 2005) translated by Edward Said
 Bartanvi Hind Ka Mustaqbil (Verdict on India, 2007) translated by Beverley Nichols

Editorship
Raja has also been the editor of four literary magazines
 Mustaqbil (1991–1994)
 Kitab (1998–2005)
 Aasar (1998–2004)
 Khwabgar (2008)

References

1961 births
2012 deaths
Pakistani poets
Pakistani women writers


The Museum of Army Transport was a museum of British Army vehicles in Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

The collection included a diverse collection of armoured vehicles and support vehicles, many of which were part of the National Army Museum, as well as railway locomotives and rolling stock, and the only remaining Blackburn Beverley, aircraft XB259, which was the first production Beverley.

History

The museum went into administration after it was faced with a £140,000 repair bill for its roof, closing on 22 August 2003. The collection has been split up, with most of it moved to the National Army Museum stores in 2005, though the Beverley is now at Fort Paull Museum, Armouries and Visitors Centre, and Kitchener's railway coach is now at the Royal Engineers Museum. Some of the collection was privately owned and so was returned.

The National Army Museum also took on the military steam railway locomotives in the MAT collection, briefly putting it into storage before loaning it to the Isle of Wight Steam Railway in 2005 and transferring it and another locomotive, WD198 "Royal Engineer", to the railway three years later. Another such locomotive was the small, 1893 locomotive "Gazelle", which had previously been on display at the Longmoor military railway and is now on loan to the Colonel Stephens Railway Museum, Tenterden. The National Army Museum now stores most of the MAT collection vehicles in Stevenage, though several are on loan to The Tank Museum at Bovington Camp, Dorset, and a few are on display in the National Army Museum's own galleries.

References

External links

Army museums in England
Beverley
Defunct museums in England
Museums in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Royal Logistic Corps


Lejonkulan (In English: The Lion's Den), was a historical theatre in Stockholm, Sweden, active in 1667–89. It's the historically second known theatre establishment of Stockholm, after Björngårdsteatern (1640–55).

History

Lejonkulan was a building down in and over the partly dry moat at the south corner of the royal palace Tre Kronor. From 1648, it was commonly known by the name "Lejonkulan" ("The Lion's Den"), because a lion, a tribute from the storming of Prague during the Thirty Years War, was kept there during the reign of Queen Christina of Sweden. It was constructed with a stable for the lion, an apartment for its retainer, and spectators galleries around an arena: during the coronation of Christina, the lion was made to fight other animals in it.

The lion died in 1663. It was thereafter used as a riding hall for Charles XI and a storage for the castle armories. Just like two other buildings nearer the palace, the Little Bollhuset and the Great Bollhuset, it was occasionally used by the various foreign theater companies performing in Stockholm in the 17th-century, where there was not yet any professional native theater. Lejonkulan as a theatre has therefore often been confused with Bollhuset Theatre, in turn confused between Stora Bollhuset and Lilla Bollhuset, as the three buildings were all on and off used for theatrical performances Stockholm in parallel during the same period.

Research has proven Lejonkulan to have been a very large building, and the painting by Govert Camphuysen from 1661 depicting it as small has been deemed not to have been proportionate.

In 1667, Lejonkulan was redecorated and inaugurated as a theater by the Dutch theater company of Jan Baptista van Fornenbergh, who signed a contract to perform annually for the Swedish royal court the same year.
Foreign theater companies were hired to perform for the court, often from France, Germany and the Netherlands, as Sweden did not have any theater tradition and therefore no native actors. Among the companies performing where those of Johann Christoffer Loner 1662-64 and 1668–69, Johann August Ulich 1668 in and 1696–97, David Müllstreich 1686-87 and 1691, and Sebastiano di Scio in 1688-89 and 1695-96. Because both Lejonkulan and the two Bollhus theaters were used as theater localities at the same time, there are confusion as in exactly which building they performed while visiting Stockholm.

In 1686, the first Swedish language theater was opened in Lejonkulan. This was an all-male student theater troupe composed of non professional students from Uppsala, but their performances were open to the public. They were given royal protection and the Lejonkulan Theater was reserved for them the following three years. In 1689, the theatre was moved to Bollhuset, which was renovated as a permanent local for the theatre in 1699.

It was long unknown what happened to Lejonkulan: some sources claim Lejonkulan burned down in 1689, while others assert that the change was made for artistic reasons, and that Lejonkulan burned down with the royal palace in 1697. Research has proven, that Lejonkulan was somewhat damaged by fire in 1685, and though repaired and continued to be used as a theater, the fire caused it to be judged as a fire hazard, which caused it to be demolished in 1689.

Actors and companies in the Theater of Lejonkulan
The following troupes likely also performed at the theatres of Little and Great Bollhuset.

The Dutch troupe 1667-1674

This troupe opened the Theater with the play Orontes en Satira by Magnon in February 1667.

 Salomon Fino
 Jan Baptista van Fornenberg, 1624-1697, director of the troupe.
 Helena Heusen, 1622-1680.
 Daniel Loodewicx
 Anna Parkar-Boonefaes
 Geertruyt Rijndorp-Boonefaes
 Dorotea van Fornenbergh

The Dutch troupe 1680-1684

This troupe performed the play Disa for the public in 1684, and thus, the theater is known to be more than a court theater from this point forward.

 Gillis Nozeman, husband of Ariana Nozeman
 Trial Parkar
 Jacob Sammers, 1632-1689.

The Swedish student-troupe from Uppsala 1686–1691

This (all male) troupe was made up of idealistic students. It had played in Uppsala 1682-86. They were moved to the locals in Bollhuset in 1689.

 Olaus Rudbeck
 Johan Celsius
 Isaak Börk, the director of the company
 Carl Johan Ollieqvisth
 Andreas Strömbergh
 Georg Törnqvist-Adlercreutz, actor, writer and translator
 Johan Widman

See also
 Björngårdsteatern

References

 Lars Löfgren Svensk teater (2003), Stockholm, Natur & Kultur,
 Anna Ivarsdotter Johnsson och Leif Jonsson, Musiken i Sverige, Frihetstiden och Gustaviansk tid 1720-1810
 Forser, Tomas & Heed, Sven Åke (red.), Ny svensk teaterhistoria. 1, Teater före 1800, Gidlund, Hedemora, 2007

Former theatres in Stockholm
1667 establishments in Sweden
17th century in Sweden
1667 in Sweden
17th century in Stockholm
Swedish Empire


The International Chamber Music Competition Hamburg (ICMC Hamburg) has been held in Hamburg, Germany since September 2009. The competition takes place every three years and is for performers of two types of chamber music, String Quartet and Piano Trio.

Director of the International Chamber Music Competition Hamburg is Prof. Niklas Schmidt who is teaching cello at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg and was one of the founders of the former Trio Fontenay. Project leader of the competition is the cultural manager Jan Wulf.

Venues
Rolf-Liebermann-Studio des Norddeutschen Rundfunks (NDR)
Forum der Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg
Mozartsaal im Logenhaus Hamburg

References

External links

The official website of the International Chamber Music Competition Hamburg

German music awards


Adelaide of Meissen (, ;  – 2 February 1211), a member of the House of Wettin, was Queen of Bohemia from 1198 to 1199 as the first wife of King Ottokar I. When her husband declared their marriage null and void, she began a longstanding legal dispute that involved numerous religious and secular dignitaries of her time.

Life and Marriage
Adelaide was born about 1160 as the daughter of Margrave Otto II of Meissen (1125–1190) and his wife Hedwig of Brandenburg (d. 1203), a daughter of the Ascanian margrave Albert the Bear. She met her future husband in the 1170s, in the time of his exile during internal struggles within the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty. The couple married in 1178 without attendance and consent from their families. It is possible that the marriage was forced on the grounds of her pregnancy. Adelaide gave birth to a son, Vratislaus, soon after.

Shortly after the marriage, the couple could return to Bohemia, when Ottokar's brother Frederick (Bedřich) 'assumed the reins' and made Ottokar one of the leaders of his armed forces in the Moravian lands. In 1192 Ottokar himself ascended the Prague throne and even achieved his recognition by the Hohenstaufen emperor Henry VI; however, he lost support and was deposed soon after. He again had to leave Bohemia, together with his wife and four children.

Adelaide came to Meissen at the court of her brother Margrave Albert the Proud. Meanwhile, Ottokar became a mercenary of German princes to profit from the German throne dispute between Emperor Henry's brother Philip of Swabia and the Welf duke Otto of Brunswick. At this time the couple got estranged. Ottokar decided to solve the problem in a way exclusive to all dynastic principles.

Two queens
By the end of 1197, Ottokar came to terms with his younger brother Vladislaus III and succeeded as Bohemian duke for the second time. He finally obtained the hereditary royal title according to the Golden Bull of Sicily issued by Philip of Swabia. Shortly after that, he repudiated his wife and also his adult son Vratislav. Ottokar was at least 40 at that time and risked losing the heir. Adelaide and her daughters again stayed in Meissen, while Vratislav became a mercenary in Germany and Italy.

In 1199, King Ottokar divorced Adelaide, officially on the grounds of consanguinity. They were both descendants of Margrave Henry of Schweinfurt and the Polish king Mieszko II Lambert.  They were fifth cousins once removed or fourth cousins once removed. Ottokar married Princess Constance of Hungary, daughter of King Béla III, who was his fourth cousin thrice removed, later in the same year.

Adelaide, however, had no intention to waive her rights nor to have her children considered as illegitimate. She began litigation in 1199, calling the Hohenstaufen family and Pope Innocent III for help. In the German throne dispute, both the Hohenstaufen and Welf party alternating stood for her rights. In 1205 Adelaide could return to Prague for a while after Ottokar had signed an agreement with Philip of Swabia. Moreover, his first-born son with Constance of Hungary had died, and Ottokar decided to marry his daughter with Adelaide, Margaret (Dagmar), to King Valdemar II of Denmark in this time. However, when Constance gave birth to another son, later king Wenceslaus I, in 1205, Adelaide, with her daughters, had to leave Bohemia permanently. She retired to the Holy Cross monastery in Meissen.

The Pope still used the pending lawsuit for leverage, but finally decided that the cessation of marriage was legal. Adelaide still struggled, though, in 1210, she had lost. She died one year later in her Meissen exile.

Issue
 Vratislaus (d. bef. 1225).
 Margaret (Dagmar) (d. 24 May 1212), married to King Valdemar II of Denmark.
 Božislava (d. 6 Feb bef. 1238), married to Count Henry I of Ortenburg.
 Hedwig (Hedvika), nun in Gernrode Abbey and St. George's Convent, Prague.

References

Sources

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1160s births
1211 deaths
House of Wettin
Queens consort of Bohemia
Year of birth uncertain
Repudiated queens
12th-century people from Bohemia.
12th-century women from Bohemia
13th-century people from Bohemia.
13th-century women from Bohemia
Daughters of monarchs


The 1990 FDGB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1989–90 FDGB-Pokal, the 39th season of East Germany's premier knockout football cup competition. It was played on 2 June 1990 at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in East Berlin. Dynamo Dresden won the match 2–1 against PSV Schwerin for their 5th title.

Route to the final
The FDGB-Pokal began with 64 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of five rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, extra time, and if necessary penalties were used to determine the winner.

Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).

Match

Details

References

Dynamo Dresden matches
FC Mecklenburg Schwerin matches
Fdgb-Pokal Final
1990
June 1990 sports events in Europe
1990 in Berlin
Football competitions in Berlin