Nevada State Bank, a division of Zions Bancorporation, N.A. Member FDIC, is a full-service bank with branches statewide. Founded in 1959, Nevada State Bank serves 20 communities across the state of Nevada. Zions Bancorporation, N.A. operates in nearly 500 local financial centers across 11 Western states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Zions Bancorporation, N.A. is included in the S&P 500 and NASDAQ Financial 100 indices (NASDAQ: ZION).

History

Nevada State Bank first opened for business on December 9, 1959. The bank was organized by a group of 12 business owners, with Charles Lee Horsey Jr. serving as President. The organizing group sold 24,000 shares of stock to local people at $31.25 per share. This gave them $600,000 to put into capital and $150,000 for surplus and reserves. The bank received its official state charter on January 5, 1960.  It operated out of one location in downtown Las Vegas until 1974, when it opened its first satellite branch.

1968 - Reddi Reserve account introduced, giving customers the ability to use a line of credit to cover overdrafts in their checking accounts.

1983 - Eight Docutel Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) are purchased and installed. The “NSB Money Machine” card is introduced to customers.

1984 - The bank has a total of five branches and 269 employees.

1985 - Nevada State Bank is purchased by Zions Bancorporation and operates as an autonomous subsidiary.

1989 - Nevada State Bank opens the first supermarket bank branch in the state of Nevada.

July 1997 - It acquires five branches in rural Nevada towns: Eureka, Fernley, Tonopah, Lovelock and Wells.

October 1997 - Nevada State Bank purchases Sun State Bank, giving it three new branches in Southern Nevada.

1998 - Nevada State Bank introduces telephone, online and PC banking, offering clients the ability to bank 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

1999 - Nevada State Bank merges with Pioneer Citizens Bank of Nevada, founded in Reno in 1965. This adds six Northern Nevada branches and six Southern Nevada branches, effectively doubling the size of the bank.

2002 - Nevada State Bank introduces Internet bill pay, one of the first banks in the country to offer this service free of charge to non-business clients.

2004 - The bank introduces Reddi-Check, a service that creates images of cleared checks.  Clients gain the ability to view images of cleared checks and deposit slips online.

2005 - Nevada State Bank is the first bank in the state to offer Remote Deposits, enabling companies to scan checks electronically, from anywhere at any time, instead of going to the bank.

January 2006 - The Nevada quarter is launched in a special ceremony on the steps of the Nevada Capitol, as part of the U.S. Mint’s 50 State Quarters Program. Nevada State Bank is the first bank to offer the quarter to the general public as the official “Bank of the Nevada Quarter Launch.”

September 2008 - Nevada State Bank is selected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to assume the insured deposits of Silver State Bank.

April 2009 - Nevada State Bank acquires the banking operations of Great Basin Bank of Nevada in a transaction facilitated by the FDIC.

August 2009 - Nevada State Bank is chosen to assist the FDIC by acting as Payout Agent in the resolution of Community Bank of Nevada, which was closed by the Nevada Financial Institutions Division.

2010 - NevadaSmallBusiness.com website launches, and Nevada State Bank joins social media with a Facebook page and Twitter account.

2011 - Nevada State Bank launches Mobile Banking and Bill Pay.

2011 - Nevada State Bank rolls out "Smart ATMs" that allow clients to deposit cash and checks without deposit slips or envelopes.

2014 - Nevada State Bank launches Mobile Deposit Capture, allowing clients to deposit checks by uploading images of the checks using a mobile phone app.

2014 - Nevada State Bank launches its annual Small Business Survey, with highly targeted, statewide research on business trends, opinions, and priorities.

December 31, 2015 - With the consolidation of Zions Bancorporation affiliates’ charters into a single charter, Nevada State Bank becomes a division of ZB, N.A., whose parent company is Zions Bancorporation.

January 2017

Terry Shirey is named President and CEO of Nevada State Bank; Dallas Haun remains as Chairman.

September 30, 2018

At the end of the day on September 30, 2018, Zions Bancorporation merges with its wholly owned bank subsidiary, ZB, N.A. ZB, N.A. is the surviving entity in the merger and immediately thereafter changes its name to Zions Bancorporation, N.A. Zions Bancorporation, N.A. continues to operate through its locally managed bank divisions, including Nevada State Bank.

Products and services
Nevada State Bank is organized into five lines of business, each one serving a different client segment.

The retail line serves individual consumers and micro-businesses, through branches in 20 communities throughout Nevada. It also operates an online and mobile banking platform that enables clients to bank from any location with Internet access. The retail line offers a full range of financial services products, including checking and savings accounts, loans and lines of credit, credit cards, and mortgages.

Small business banking offers a full range of business services to small business owners and entrepreneurs, including cash management, Small Business Administration (SBA) loans and account analysis.

Corporate banking serves larger business clients with customized banking, special financial services packages and relationship managers who act as liaisons between the client and the bank.

The real estate line provides residential and commercial construction loans and term loans of all sizes.

Professional banking is designed for professionals who have attained a significant level of wealth. Professional banking clients are assigned a dedicated relationship manager to assist them with their banking needs.

The Private Bank by Nevada State Bank is a division of Nevada State Bank that provides specialized banking services to high net-worth clients.

The Zions Bancorporation relationship

Nevada State Bank is a division of Zions Bancorporation, N.A., which operates in nearly 500 local financial centers across 11 Western states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.

References

Banks based in Nevada
Companies based in Las Vegas


Ahmed Eissa Elmohamady Abdel Fattah (; born 9 September 1987) is an Egyptian former professional footballer who played as a right-back and captained the Egypt national football team. He currently works for Aston Villa in the club's commercial department.

Elmohamady moved to Premier League club Sunderland in 2010, initially on loan from Egyptian side ENPPI. He went on to make over 240 league appearances for Sunderland and Hull City before joining Aston Villa during the Summer 2017 transfer window. He has won promotion to the Premier League from the Championship three times; twice with Hull City and once with Aston Villa.

He was selected by the Egyptian national team's manager, Hassan Shehata, for his first international appearance in 2007 and has gone on to win 92 caps. He was part of the Egyptian squads that won the 2008 and 2010 Africa Cup of Nations.

Club career

ENPPI
Born in Basyoun, El Gharbia, Egypt, Elmohamady started his youth career at Ghazl El-Mahalla in 2003. He started to play for the first team in 2004 at the age of 17. Two years later, he joined ENPPI.

Although he started his career as a striker with Ghazl El Mahalla, he played as a right-sided defender after joining ENPPI.

For a long time, Elmohamady attracted the attention of several European clubs. However, ENPPI was reluctant to allow him to move to any of them. In summer 2007, ENPPI turned down an offer from Hertha BSC, because the German side failed to meet the Egyptian club's financial demands. The player refused another bid from Rapid București of Romania in 2007.

On 25 November 2008, Elmohamady completed a five-day trial with Premier League side Blackburn Rovers following Rovers' manager Paul Ince's request. Rovers' new manager, Sam Allardyce, sent a senior official to Egypt to initiate talks with the Egyptian club in January 2009. However, the deal fell through as Allardyce believed it would be difficult for Elmohamady to make immediate impact.

Sunderland
Elmohamady impressed Sunderland manager Steve Bruce while on trial with the Premier League side in August 2009. However, on 31 January 2010, Sunderland failed to sign him.
Belgian side Club Brugge were also interested in the player and had, according to ENPPI, already made an offer.
ENPPI accepted loan bids from both West Bromwich Albion and Sunderland for Elmohamady but while West Brom's offer was larger, Elmohamady chose to go to Sunderland, after being on trial.

On 1 July 2010, Elmohamady joined Sunderland after passing medicals for a season-long loan move from ENPPI for a £500,000 fee, with an option of a permanent deal for £2 million next summer.

Elmohamady made his debut for Sunderland in their 2–2 draw with Birmingham City on 14 August 2010. He won Man of the Match for his performances against Arsenal and Manchester City. Due to his impressive start at Sunderland, manager Steve Bruce expressed an interest in signing Elmohamady permanently in the January transfer window.

On 11 March 2011, Sunderland announced that they had taken up the option of a £2 million transfer which was included in the loan agreement, making Elmohamady's contract a permanent one on Wearside. On 9 June 2011, the permanent contract was officially confirmed by Sunderland, with Elmohamady signing a deal which will keep him at the Stadium of Light until 2014. Manager Steve Bruce added, "Ahmed has done well in his first season with the club and has shown plenty of potential. We look forward to helping him grow as a player and I think there is much more to come from him."

Elmohamady started Sunderland's first league match of the 2011–12 season away to Liverpool, and provided the assist for Sebastian Larsson's debut goal as the Black Cats drew 1–1. He scored his first goal from a header for Sunderland in a 2–2 draw against West Bromwich Albion on 1 October 2011. Elmohamady fell out of favour following the departure of Bruce in December 2011 and made no starts under his replacement, Martin O'Neill. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Elmohamady had made 21 appearances in all competitions.

Hull City

On 30 August 2012, Elmohamady moved to Hull City of the Championship on a season-long loan deal, favouring a move which would see him reunited with former Sunderland boss Steve Bruce. On 1 September, he made his debut for the club at the KC Stadium against Bolton Wanderers. On 18 September 2012 he scored his first goal for the club, scoring the first of his side's goals in a 3–2 victory against Leeds United at Elland Road. He also provided two assists during the derby at Elland Road. On 16 January 2013, Sunderland decided to use the recall-clause. On 31 January 2013 he returned to Hull on loan for the remainder of the 2012–13 season. At the annual awards ceremony on 20 April 2013, at the KC Stadium, Elmohamady was voted as the Player of the Year.

After being on loan from Sunderland for the 2012–13 season on 28 June 2013, Elmohamady signed a three-year contract to become a permanent member of the Hull City squad. He made his debut on the first day of the 2013–14 season in a 2–0 loss away at Chelsea. On 21 September 2013, Elmohamady scored his first goal in the 2013–14 Premier League season against Newcastle United. On 17 May 2014, he played in the FA Cup Final, which Hull lost 3–2 against Arsenal.

On 10 January 2015, in a match away to West Bromwich Albion, Elmohamady touched the ball just before his goalkeeper Allan McGregor picked it up. His touch counted as a backpass, resulting in a free kick for the home team inside the penalty area, from which Saido Berahino scored the only goal of the match.

On 23 June 2016, Elmohamady signed a 3-year extension to his contract at Hull City.

Aston Villa
On 19 July 2017, Elmohamady signed for Aston Villa for an undisclosed fee which would see him reunited with former Hull City boss Steve Bruce again. Elmohamady made his debut for Villa on the opening day of the 2017–18 season, a 1–1 home draw against former club Hull City. He scored his first goal for Aston Villa in the first game of the following season, on 6 August 2018, also against Hull City.

On 29 May 2019, Elmohamady played an instrumental part in Aston Villa's 2–1 victory over Derby County in the 2019 EFL Championship play-off final - providing the assist for Anwar El Ghazi's opening goal.

Elmohamady scored his first Premier League goal since the 2014–15 season on 24 June 2020, a late equaliser away at Newcastle United.

On 28 May 2021, it was announced that Elmohamady would leave Aston Villa at the end of his contract.

In July 2022, Elmohamady returned to Aston Villa in a non-playing role as an ambassador during a pre-season tour of Australia.

International career
Elmohamady played several times for Egypt U21s and was a participant in the 2007 African Youth Championship which was held in Republic of the Congo. He was the rising star of the Egyptian team and one of the stars of the tournament despite playing out of position as a forward.

He made his senior international debut in August 2007 at the age of 19 in a friendly against Ivory Coast in Paris. He was included in Egypt's final 2008 Africa Cup of Nations squad. The tournament was held in Ghana and Egypt went on to win the competition with Elmohamady featuring as a substitute. Since then, he has cemented his place in the starting lineup as a right-back or winger. He started all of Egypt's six matches in the second round of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifiers.

In the 2009 Confederations Cup, he was sent off in Egypt's opening match against Brazil for deliberately handling Lúcio's goal-bound effort in the last minute. Brazil would go on to score the penalty and win 4–3.

Post-playing career
Following his retirement from playing, Elmohamady returned to former club Aston Villa as a club ambassador. In September 2023, he was given a full-time role in the club's commercial department.

Personal life
Elmohamady is married to an Egyptian fashion designer and he has a son named Malik. In England, Sunderland fans nicknamed him "Elmo". Elmohamady is a Muslim.

Career statistics

International

International goals
As of match played 6 July 2019. Egypt score listed first, score column indicates score after each Elmohamady goal.

Honours
Hull City
 Football League Championship runner-up: 2012–13
 FA Cup runner-up: 2013–14
 Football League Championship play-offs: 2016

Aston Villa
 EFL Championship play-offs: 2019
 EFL Cup runner-up: 2019–20

Egypt
 Africa Cup of Nations: 2008, 2010; runner-up: 2017

Individual
 CAF Team of the Year: 2010
 Hull City Player of the Year: 2012–13

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Egyptian men's footballers
Egypt men's international footballers
Egyptian Muslims
People from Gharbia Governorate
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football utility players
ENPPI SC players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Egyptian Premier League players
Egyptian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
2017 Africa Cup of Nations players
Africa Cup of Nations-winning players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
Egyptian expatriate sportspeople in England
Ghazl El Mahalla SC players
Aston Villa F.C. non-playing staff


The North Shore Beach and Yacht Club is an Albert Frey-designed building in North Shore, California. It opened in 1959 as part of a $2 million development along the northeastern shore of the Salton Sea which would become California's largest marina. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. Ever-increasing salinity from agricultural runoff from both the Coachella Valley and Imperial County combined with fluctuating water levels culminated in a major flood in 1981, destroying the club's jetty and making it impossible for boats to dock at the club; it would be completely closed by 1984. However, the club remained in use by the community into the early 1990s.

Like the majority of the buildings which surround it, the North Shore Beach and Yacht Club was abandoned and vandalized. In July 2009, Riverside County supervisors approved the reception of a grant of $3.35 million as part of an overall package of $30 million to redevelop and restore the property.

Salton Sea History Museum

On May 1, 2010, the restored yacht club was reopened to the public as the Salton Sea History Museum, serving as a community center as well as a museum. The property that was the North Shore Beach and Yacht Club is owned by Riverside County, which made the decision to relocate the museum to Mecca, California and the property is now reserved for community events.

In popular culture
Several prominent figures from the entertainment industry docked boats there, among them members of The Beach Boys, Guy Lombardo, Jerry Lewis and The Marx Brothers. North Shore Beach and Yacht Club is pictured on the Album cover of Minutes to Midnight by Linkin Park.

References

Further reading

External links

 Salton Sea History Museum– official site
 The Salton Sea: California's Overlooked Treasure at sci.sdsu.edu
 Aerial view at Wikimapia.org
 Photographs of the yacht club in its abandoned condition and surrounding area at Richardheeps.co.uk

Historical society museums in California
Modernist architecture in California
Sports venues completed in 1962
1962 establishments in California
1984 disestablishments in California
2010 establishments in California
Museums in Riverside County, California
Coachella Valley
Maritime museums in California
Clubhouses in California
Salton Sea
Sports venues on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Albert Frey buildings
National Register of Historic Places in Riverside County, California


The Office of the Chief Human Resources Officer (formerly Canada Public Service Agency) is the representative of the Government of Canada on all issues relating to human resources, pensions and benefits, labour relations and compensation.

Organization
The office is headed by the Chief Human Resources Officer, who has similar status as the Comptroller General of Canada  while housed under the Treasury Board Secretariat, its operation is independently carried out by the CHRO and not by TBS staff. They are responsible for providing strategic enterprise-wide leadership. CHRO is also the ex officio Chair of the Board of Governors for the Canada School of Public Service.

History
In a strategic review conducted by the Harper government in early 2008, it was determined HR activities can be more efficiently and effectively managed by centralizing all functions into one agency. Prior to March 2, 2009, human resources responsibility for the federal government was split between two agencies: the Canada Public Service Agency and the Treasury Board Secretariat.

References

External links
 Office of the Chief Human Resources Officer

Federal departments and agencies of Canada
Canada


Leone Sextus Denys Oswolf Fraudatifilius Tollemache-Tollemache de Orellana Plantagenet Tollemache-Tollemache ( ; 10 June 1884 – 20 February 1917) was a captain in the British Army who died during the First World War.

Biography

Leone was born in Lincolnshire, the sixth son of the eccentric clergyman Ralph Tollemache-Tollemache. He was the eighth of Ralph's many children by his second wife, Dora Cleopatra Maria Lorenza de Orellana. His father gave him, in common with his many brothers and sisters, an unconventional name.

His surname at birth was "Tollemache-Tollemache", his father having doubled his original surname, "Tollemache", in 1876 after his second marriage. "de Orellana" derives from the naming customs of Spain, where his mother came from, and is a forename rather than part of his surname. The first "Tollemache-Tollemache" also seems to be an unusual forename. Leone was Ralph's sixth son, hence "Sextus". "Fraudatifilius" is Latin for "son of the defrauded one". "Leone" repeats a pattern seen in the names of his elder brothers and sisters (Lyonel, Lyonesse, Lyulph, Lyona, Leo, Lyonella and Lyonetta). His first five initials, "LSD OF", may include a reference to the divisions of the pre-decimal British currency, £sd, for pounds, shillings, and pence followed by half-pence (ob., "obol") and farthings (i.e., quarter-pence). This may be a reference to a financial dispute between his father Ralph and Ralph's first wife's trustees which had driven him bankrupt in 1863. Similarly, an elder brother was named Lyulph Ydwallo Odin Nestor Egbert Lyonel Toedmag Hugh Erchenwyne Saxon Esa Cromwell Orma Nevill Dysart Plantagenet Tollemache-Tollemache—his first 15 initials spell "LYONEL THE SECOND". In practice, Leone shortened his name to "Leone Sextus Tollemache".

He joined the British Army, attending the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in 1902. He was commissioned into the Leicestershire Regiment in 1903. Before the First World War, he served in British India and at Fermoy in Ireland.

He married an Irishwoman, Kathleen Mary Mills (daughter of Joseph Mills and Charlotte née Bloomfield), at Acomb, North Yorkshire on 23 April 1914. They honeymooned in Fermoy. Their son, Denys Herbert George, was born on 12 January 1915 in White House in Acomb; Kathleen died in childbirth.

On the outbreak of the First World War, he was sent to France on the Union-Castle steamer SS Braemar Castle in September 1914. He kept a personal diary of his experiences. In 1916, Leone was seconded to serve as brigade major in the 3rd Australian Infantry Brigade of the 1st Australian Division after it was redeployed from Gallipoli to the Somme. He died on active service on 20 February 1917 from double pneumonia. He is buried in the communal war cemetery in Dernancourt near Albert.

Leone's elder brother Leo (Quintus Tollemache-Tollemache de Orellana Plantagenet) also served in France, in the 1st Battalion of the Lincolnshire Regiment. He went missing, presumed killed, on 1 November 1914 and his body was never found. He is commemorated on the Menin Gate memorial.

References

1884 births
English people of Spanish descent
1917 deaths
Military personnel from Lincolnshire
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Royal Leicestershire Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British military personnel killed in World War I
Deaths from influenza
Infectious disease deaths in France
Leone Sextus Denys Oswolf Fraudatifilius Tollemache-Tollemache de Orellana Plantagenet Tollemache-Tollemache
Names by person


Sand theft or unauthorised or illegal sand mining leads to a widely unknown global example of natural and non-renewable resource depletion problem comparable in extent to global water scarcity. Beach theft is illegal removal of large quantities of sand from a beach leading to full or partial disappearance of the beach. In India illegal sand mining is the country's largest organized criminal activity.

Sand and beach theft by country
Sand theft is a worldwide phenomenon. Beach theft, the large-scale removal of sand to the point that entire stretches of a beach disappear, is considerably less common.

Two instances of beach thefts have been widely reported in the media: one in Hungary in 2007 and another in Jamaica in 2008. The beach that was stolen in Hungary was an artificially created one on the banks of a river. The other one is a genuine example of a beach theft.

China
Too much sand was taken from the Yangtze River to help build Shanghai in the 1980s and 1990s, prompting the Chinese government to ban sand mining there in 2000. However, smugglers continue to take sand. They evaded capture by hacking and cloning the automatic tracking systems of other ships, leading to multiple collisions.

Greece
The pink sands of Elafonisi, created by tidal and wave-induced deposits of pigmented microorganisms living in a symbiotic relationship with native seaweed, were a frequent subject of souvenir-taking by tourists until the Greek government declared the area a nature reserve and prohibited the sands' removal; even today, color saturation levels remain at only around 10% of those in the early twentieth century.

Hungary
An incident of beach theft occurred in Hungary in 2007. In this case, multiple tonnes of sand were stolen by thieves from an artificial beach created by a resort in Mindszent alongside the banks of the Tisza river. Approximately 6,000 cubic meters of sand were shipped in and lounge chairs, playground rides, and beach huts were added. Owing to the harsh Hungarian winters, the owners of the resort covered the rides with tarpaulin and closed the resort for the season in September 2007. When one of the owners drove by, they noticed that the beach was gone.

India

Sand thieves are referred to in India as the "sand mafia". They have been alleged to have murdered hundreds of people, including journalists, environmental activists, police officers, government officials, and others. In South India, the problem appears so pronounced that a particular Tamil term – manarkollai – has been coined.

Jamaica
Sand is used in unregulated home-building across the island.

Involvement by hotels was suspected in a July 2008 heist, where 500 truckloads of sand were stolen from a 400-metre stretch of beach at Coral Springs in the northern parish of Trelawny. The beach was to be part of a resort complex, but development halted after the theft. Sand was reported to have turned up on other beaches, but no charges were ever made.

Mexico
A Mexican environmental activist was murdered when he tried to stop sand mining in his village.

Singapore

Singapore is the world's largest importer of sand, using it for land reclamation that has increased the country's size by 20% since independence. Much of the imported sand has reportedly been mined illegally in Malaysia, Indonesia and Cambodia.

South Africa
A murder in South Africa was associated with rival gangs of sand miners fighting over sand.

Effects
Although sand theft does not seem to be a serious problem at first, it is nonetheless a serious problem as the removal of sand facilitates soil salinisation. For example, in Cape Verde, the theft of sand has caused the soil to salinify to such a degree, that a large number of orchards were permanently destroyed in the process.

Taking sand from river systems and then transporting it can use a great deal of energy. It may also lead to ecological devastation, as it may involve completely dredging the river and its contents. If a river is depleted of sediment, it may end up flowing much faster, with serious downstream effects, including greater flooding.

See also
Resource depletion
Sand replenishment
Illegal mining
Beach nourishment
Sand Wars

References

Theft
Beaches
Illegal mining
Theft


Faltu () is a Bengali movie based on Syed Mustafa Siraj's story Ranir Ghater Brittanto. It was released in 2006. It won the 2007 National Award. Produced by Arindam Chaudhuri (Planman Motion Pictures) and directed by  Anjan Das, the movie featured Soumitra Chatterjee, Indrani Halder, Yash Pandit, Pradip Mukherjee and Manjari Fadnis, Nirmal Kumar, Masood Akhtar, and Biplab Chatterjee. It had been selected from India for the Spain film festival in the competitive category.

Plot
The story is set around Ranirghat of Murshidabad District in West Bengal in the early 1950s. It is the story of a 20-year-old orphan called Faltu (faltu in Bengali means worthless, junk) and his search for the man who has fathered him. This is also the account of a village and its people, woven around a narrative with myriad moments and a lot of dramatic events.

Ranirghat is a village made up of refugees from the then East Pakistan. (Its current population is 148.) The lives of the villagers take a new turn when a census official questions Faltu's parentage. While it is well known that Faltu is the son of Sureswari Dasi aka Suri Khepi (a mad woman on the street played Indrani Haldar), no one knows who his father is. Neither does Faltu nor he has even bothered with the question. He was happy with what he was doing — driving a bus and ferrying villagers.

The census official's question opens a Pandora's box. It turns out that many apparently upright men in the village — including Ismail (Biplab Chatterjee), who brought up Faltu and taught him driving — raped Suri Khepi, taking advantage of her mental condition. Everybody knows that Faltu's father is one of them, but nobody is sure of who that is. Faltu is not particularly concerned. He is more interested in earning his living, and pursuing his love interest — Tuktuki (Manjari Fadnis).

A government order brings in bad news for the villagers of Ranirghat. As part of "development" plans, the government wants to construct a bridge from the village across the river and villagers have to vacate. They agree to do so but, before parting ways, they want Faltu and Tuktuki to marry to make up for what they had done to Suri Khepi. A guilty feeling haunts all the rapists.

The elders of the village call a meeting to organize the marriage. When they propose the marriage to Tuktuki's father, he flatly disagrees in a weird manner. He goes to Faltu and discloses that he also had raped Suri Khepi: The marriage should not occur as Faltu and Tuktuki are stepbrother and sister. Tuktuki overheard this. She commits suicide, and the next morning she is found hanging from a tree. The villagers of Ranirghat left with pain-stricken hearts, while the background narrator declares that "with a proud and wounded heart, and several questions in mind, the undefeated Faltu drives on."

As the construction work of the bridge goes on, the last bit of film captures a night sequence at the construction site: an engineer, sensing the presence of any unknown one, turns on his torch on the person. The last scene freezes there, showing another mad woman trying to drink water from the streamlets pouring down from the upper iron structure. Like the case of Suri Khepi, perhaps this was the beginning of another story of committing sins.

The entire story deals with human relations and how the guilt of having done something wrong haunts everyone in the village. They want to make up for their sins, but end up opening a new can of worms and spoiling a marriage.

Cast
Yash Pandit as Faltu
Manjari Fadnis as Tuktuki
Soumitra Chatterjee as Potter
Indrani Haldar as Suri Khepi
Nirmal Kumar as Priest
Sumanta Mukherjee
Debesh Roy Chowdhury
Masood Akhtar
Pradip Mukherjee

Crew
 Producer(s): Arindam Chaudhuri Planman Motion Pictures
 Director:
Story:Syed Mustafa Siraj
Production Design:
Dialogue:
Lyrics:
Editing: Sanjeeb Dutta
Cinematography: Shirsha Roy
Art: Samir Chanda
Sound: Anup Mukherjee

Critical reception

 A rich audio-visual experience — The Telegraph of Kolkata (8 stars out of 10)
 Anjan Das has meticulously crafted each scene in the film... You just can't stop praising it! — Bartaman
Srabanti Chakrabarti of Rediff argued that the story was good but the performances of the main actors weakened the film.
A moving saga with cutting edge depiction — The Hindu
 The film scores on the storyline and direction — The Pioneer

Awards
BFJA Awards (2007)
Best Actress in a Supporting Role: Indrani Haldar
Best Director: Anjan Das
Best Screenplay: Anjan Das
54th National Film Awards-Best Film on Family Welfare Best

See also
 Jara Bristite Bhijechhilo

References

External links

 www.gomolo.in profile
www.telegraphindia.com
faltu.indiatimes.com
www.rediff.com

2006 films
Bengali-language Indian films
Films based on short fiction
Best Film on Family Welfare National Film Award winners
2000s Bengali-language films


This is a list of roads designated A2. Roads entries are sorted alphabetically by country.

 A2 motorway (Albania), a road connecting Vlore with Fier
 A002 road (Argentina), a road connecting Avenida General Paz and Ministro Pistarini International Airport
 A2 road (Australia) may refer to :
 A route consisting of parts of Windsor Road and Old Windsor Road in Sydney
The shield allocations of either the Barkly Highway, Landsborough Highway, or Warrego Highway, Queensland
 The Bass Highway, a highway connecting the Midland Highway, Launceston and the Arthur River Road
 A2 motorway (Austria), a road connecting Vienna and the A23 to Arnoldstein and the Italian Autostrada A23
 A2 motorway (Belgium), a road connecting Leuven and the Dutch border near Sittard
 A2 highway (Botswana), a road connecting Francistown and Kasane
 A2 motorway (Bulgaria), a road under construction connecting Sofia and Varna
 A2 motorway (Croatia), a road connecting Zagreb and Slovenia
 A2 motorway (Cuba), a ring road serving Havana
 A2 motorway (Cyprus), a road connecting Nicosia and Larnaca
 A2 motorway (France), a road connecting Combles and the border with Belgium
 A2 motorway (Germany), a road connecting the Ruhr Area and Berlin
A2 motorway (Greece), longest motorway in Greece
 A2 motorway (Italy), a road connecting Fisciano with Villa San Giovanni
 A2 motorway (Italy): Former name of the highway connecting Rome and Naples. Since 1988, after the construction of a connection to the A1 (Milan-Rome) bypassing Rome's ring road, the code A1 refers to the whole motorway between Milan and Naples.
 A2 road (Jamaica), a road connecting Spanish Town and Savanna-la-Mar
 A2 road (Jersey), a dual carriage way in Jersey, Channel Islands
 A2 highway (Kazakhstan), a road in Kazakhstan
 A2 road (Kenya), a road connecting Nairobi and Moyale
 A2 road (Latvia), a road connecting Riga and the Estonian border
 A2 highway (Lithuania), a road connecting Vilnius and Panevėžys
 A2 road (Malaysia) may refer to :
 A2 road (Perak), a road connecting Taiping and Kamunting
 A2 road (Sabah), a road connecting Lawas, Sarawak and Kota Kinabalu
 A2 motorway (Morocco), a road connecting Rabat and Fes
 A2 motorway (Netherlands), a road connecting Amsterdam and the Belgian border near Maastricht
 A2 highway (Nigeria), a road connecting Port Harcourt and Kano to the Niger Republic
 A2 road (People's Republic of China) may refer to :
 A2 expressway (Shanghai), the former name of the S2 expressway in Shanghai
 A2 autostrada (Poland), a road connecting the border with Germany and the border with Belarus, running through Warsaw
 A2 motorway (Portugal), a road connecting Lisbon and the Algarve
 A2 motorway (Romania), a road connecting Bucharest and Constanţa
 A2 motorway (Serbia), a road connecting Belgrade and Čačak
 A2 motorway (Slovenia), a road connecting the Austrian border and Obrežje at the Croatian border
 A2 road (Spain) may refer to :
 A-2 motorway (Spain), a road connecting Madrid and Barcelona
 A2 motorway (Extremadura), a road connecting Miajadas and Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena
 A 2 road (Sri Lanka), a road connecting Colombo and Wellawaya
 A2 motorway (Switzerland), a road connecting Basel and Chiasso
 A2 highway (Thailand), AH2 road of the Asian Highway Network
 A2 road (United Kingdom) may refer to :
 A2 road (England), a road connecting London and Dover
 A2 road (Isle of Man), a road connecting Douglas and Ramsey
 A2 road (Northern Ireland), a road connecting Newry, County Down and Muff, County Donegal
 A2 road (United States of America) may refer to :
 Interstate A-2, a road in Alaska
 County Route A2 (California), a road connecting California State Route 299 and California State Route 139
 A-2 (Michigan county highway), a road running along the shoreline of Lake Michigan in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan
 A2 road (Zimbabwe), a road connecting Harare and Kaombe, Mozambique

See also
 List of highways numbered 2


The Greatest Cowboy Movie Never Made is a box set compilation comprising The Saints' albums released between 1981 and 1984, their EP Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow and an unreleased live disc titled A Gallon of Rum Is a Harsh Mistress the Morning After. Live in Oz. The concert was recorded in Sydney, Australia, 1981.

Track listing

Disc 1: Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow & The Monkey Puzzle

Tracks 1 - 5 from the EP Paralytic Tonight, Dublin TomorrowTracks 6 - 16 from the album The Monkey Puzzle

"Simple Love"
"(Don't send me) Roses"
"Miss Wonderful"
"On the Waterfront"
"Call it Mine"
"Miss Wonderful"
"Always, Always"
"Paradise"
"Let’s Pretend"
"Somebody".
"Monkeys"
"Mystery Dream"
"In The Mirror"
"Simple Love"
"The Ballad"
"Dizzy Miss Lizzy"

Disc 2: Out in the Jungle (aka. I Thought This Was Love, But This Ain't Casablanca)

"Follow the Leader"
"Rescue"
"Senile Dementia"
"Casablanca"
"Curtains"
"Come On"
"1000 Faces"
"Animal"
"Out in the Jungle"
"Beginning of the Tomato Party"
"Out of Sight Out of Mind"
"Simple Love"
"Dizzy Miss Lizzy" (bonus track)
"Gypsy Woman" (bonus track)
"Call It Mine" (bonus track)
"Don't Send Me Roses" (bonus track)

Disc 3: A Little Madness to Be Free (international version)

 "Down the Drain"
 "Walk Away"
 "Photograph"
 "The Hour"
 "Angels"
 "Imagination"
 "Only Time"
 "Someone to Tell Me"
 "Heavy Metal"
 "Ghost Ships"
 "Wrapped Up and Blue" (bonus track from the Australian release)

Disc 4: A Gallon of Rum Is a Harsh Mistress the Morning After—Live in Oz
 "Miss Wonderful"
 "Mystery Dream"
 "Always Always"
 "This Perfect Day"
 "The Prisoner"
 "Gypsy Woman"
 "On the Waterfront"
 "Messin' with the Kid"
 "Call It Mine"
 "No Time"
 "Dizzy Miss Lizzy"
 "Lipstick on Your Collar"
 "Simple Love"
 "Know Your Product"

2006 compilation albums
The Saints (Australian band) compilation albums


The North Creek Bridge is a two lane bridge that carries New York State Route 28N across the Hudson River connecting North Creek in the Town of Johnsburg with the Town of Chester, New York built in 1930.

See also
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River

References

Bridges over the Hudson River
Bridges completed in 1930
Road bridges in New York (state)
Steel bridges in the United States
Transportation buildings and structures in Warren County, New York
Truss bridges in the United States


The Stonewall Awards was an annual event held by the British charity Stonewall to recognise people who have affected the lives of British lesbian, gay, bi and trans people.  The event was first held in 2006 at the Royal Academy of Arts and from 2007 was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum. It was held for the final time, with '...of the Decade' categories, in 2015.

2006

The inaugural event was held at the Royal Academy of Arts.

2007

2008

Stonewall nominated Julie Bindel for the 2008 Journalist of the Year award. This nomination was controversial due to her view on transsexualism and lead to a protest taking place outside of the awards venue.

2009

2010

2011

Held on 3 November 2011.

2012

The 2012 awards were held on 1 November, with the award of "Bigot of the Year" to Cardinal Keith O'Brien drawing protest from the Catholic Church in Scotland, of which he was head. Criticism of the bigot award from the winner of the Politician of the Year award, Ruth Davidson, lead to her being "booed off-stage".

2013

2014

2015

References

LGBT-related awards
Politics awards


Psyanotic Is the debut album of American actor Thomas Dekker. The album is currently available in digital format and can be found in sites such as CD Baby, Napster, and iTunes.
As he explained in an interview:
"The term Cyanotic is a scientific term for when there is an inadequate supply of oxygen to the blood. I changed the spelling to Psy, as in psychology, as a metaphor for a lack of thought in today's music. I suppose the album is to be a kind of cure, hopefully, for this prevailing lack of mental and emotional stimulation."

The album was recorded, mixed and mastered by Thomas himself, Some songs were uploaded to his Myspace page before the release of the album including "Dare", "Lava Life" and "Aicea" as well as an album teaser, songs that were later tweaked for the album.
Thomas later explained in a Q&A session: "The album was only tweaked because music should exist in the time it is released, above all, and the album had been started so many years earlier."

Track listing
 "Dare" - 3:54
 "Melt Away" - 5:20
 "Insects" - 4:08
 "Daddy" - 4:27
 "Psyanotic" - 5:16
 "A Child Once Existed" - 3:10
 "Birth Cavity - 4:22
 "Samsara" - 5:56
 "Aicea" - 4:22
 "Lava Life" - 4:39
 "Can We Be" - 3:45
 "Beyond This World" - 6:06

References

2008 albums


Ubiquity is the default installer for Ubuntu and its derivatives. It is run from the Live CD or USB and can be triggered to run from the options on the device or on the desktop of the Live mode. It was first introduced in Ubuntu 6.06 LTS "Dapper Drake". At program start, it allows the user to change the language to a local language if they prefer. It is designed to be easy to use.

Features
Ubiquity consists of a configuration wizard allowing the user to easily install Ubuntu and shows a slideshow showcasing many of Ubuntu's features while it is installing. Ubuntu 10.04 included in Ubiquity a slideshow, which meets users with Ubuntu. In Ubuntu 10.10 "Maverick Meerkat", the installer team made changes to simplify the tool and speed up the installation wizard.

Ubiquity allows the user to choose the installer to automatically update the software while it's installing. If the user allows this, the installer will download the latest packages from the Ubuntu repository ensuring the system is up to date.

The installer also allows the user to set Ubiquity to install closed source or patented third party software such as Adobe Flash and Fluendo's MP3 codec software that is commonly needed by users while Ubuntu is installing.

Ubiquity can begin to format the file system and copy system files after the user completes the partition configuration wizard, while the user is inputting data such as username, password, location etc. which reduces install time. When reviewing Ubuntu 10.10, Ryan Paul from Ars Technica said “During my tests, I was able to perform a complete installation in less than 15 minutes.” Ubiquity also provides an interactive map to specify time zones.

At the bottom the installer window, a progress bar is shown once the installation has started. At the end of the configuration stage, a slideshow will show up until the end of install. The slideshow display short summaries and screenshots about the applications in Ubuntu. However though, not all the software shown is in the default installation and are available to download from the Ubuntu Software Center. These are so the user becomes more aware about other applications available for the platform.

Before Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, Ubiquity offered a migration assistant which brought over user accounts from Windows, OS X and other Linux distributions along with e-mail and Instant messaging accounts, Bookmarks from Firefox and Internet Explorer as well as the user's pictures, wallpapers, documents, music, photos folder although this was a Windows only feature. At the Ubuntu Developers Summit for Ubuntu 12.10, the developers agreed to remove this feature citing a lack of testing and a high number of bugs as the reason why the feature has been removed.

Ubuntu created Ubiquity edition for servers named Subiquity. It is graphical installer for Ubuntu Server versions, and included from Ubuntu 18.04.

In October 2018, Lubuntu switched to using Calamares instead of Ubiquity.

Ports
Ubiquity allows OEMs and other Ubuntu derivatives to customise aspects of it such as the slideshow and branding elements. Some Ubiquity ports include:
 Kubuntu
 Xubuntu
 Ubuntu MATE
 Linux Mint
 Elementary OS
 Peppermint Linux OS

Moreover, installation steps may be skipped by changing the install scripts making it possible for OEMs and others to set special defaults or create an automated install routine.

See also

 Anaconda
 Calamares
 Wubi
 Debian-Installer

References

External links
 Ubiquity
 Ubiquity in Launchpad

Free software programmed in Python
Linux installation software
Ubuntu


Hired Gun may refer to:

Role
Hired gun, a mercenary soldier, hired professional killer or "torpedo", or someone who  conducts themselves like a mercenary in non-military affairs.
Session musician or "hired gun", a musician who's been hired by a studio or band to play his part on the album or record.
Hired gun, an informal name for an expert witness hired by a prosecutor/litigant or defendant in a court case to testify on their behalf for whom the Daubert standard rule of evidence applies.

Arts, entertainment, and media
Hired Gun (Microsoft), a video game development team
Hired Gun, an Australian country music band, The Hired Guns (1996–2010) started as The Lizard Train
 "Hired Gun", a song from Bad Brains' album I Against I
 "Hired Gun", a song from Chris Rea's album Shamrock Diaries
The Hired Gun (1957 film), a 1957 Western directed by Ray Nazarro
Hired Guns, a 1993 video game from Psygnosis

See also
 Go Gorilla Go
Hired Hand (disambiguation)


Duress is an American psychological thriller film. The film was initially screened at various film festivals in the United States, Poland and Russia and received favorable reviews. Mark Savlov of the Austin Chronicle wrote about Duress after seeing it at Fantastic Fest in Austin:  "With a mind-blowing denouement that makes the last five minutes of The Sixth Sense feel like the last five minutes of Stranger Than Paradise and a pair of harrowing, human (and inhumanly calibrated) performances from Martin Donovan and Rouvas, Duress comes across like a slap to the psyche, a splash of ice-water across the soul."  The film was released theatrically in Greece by Greek distributor Hollywood Entertainment.

The movie was written by Jim Kehoe and directed by Jordan Barker and was filmed in Los Angeles, California. The film was the first American production by popular Greek singer-songwriter and actor Sakis Rouvas, who had the primary antagonist role in the film.

Plot
Richard is mourning his wife's recent suicide while attempting to mend his relationship with his only daughter, Sarah, while still haunted by his recent trauma. He is particularly upset that his wife's wedding ring is missing, and she claimed that she would never take it off. A nanny, Rosa, primarily takes care of Sarah: picking her up from school and cooking for her. Sarah is coping with her mother's suicide by refusing to talk about it and often getting into physical fights with her peers.

Richard comes to pick up Sarah after a day at school to be told by Rosa that she was fighting with the teachers and her peers. The three run into Jenny Wilkins and her son Thomas; Jenny offers to talk to Sarah to help her cope with recent events. Richard firmly declines, stating that he would like to be there for his daughter himself. Richard lets Rosa take Sarah back home while he heads to a coffee shop.

In the coffee shop, Richard meets a man named Abner Solvie. Abner suddenly attacks and kills the coffee shop cashier, forcing Richard to come with him to hide the body and evidence. Anber reveals that he has worn fingerprint covers and hidden his tracks so only Richard's DNA will show up at the crime scene. At the mercy of Abner, Richard is forced to do whatever he says in order to keep Sarah and himself away from harm. Abner tells Richard that he should be glad to be able to learn how a killer's mind works, and gives Richard his word that he will not harm Sarah if his instructions are followed.

Richard begins becoming more protective of his daughter, telling her that he will drop her off and pick her up from school. Sarah asks Richard to come to her soccer game, to which Richard agrees. Richard gets a call from Abner and is asked to pick up him at his residence, where he sees Abner hug his wife goodbye before getting in the car with Richard. He attempts to guilt Abner by asking him what his wife would think of his actions, to which Abner replies by asking if Richard would be capable of turning family in.

Richard gets a call from Rosa, and tells her that he did not forget Sarah's soccer game but simply could not get away. Abner lets Richard to go to the game, where he finds out that Sarah has gotten into another fight with a peer. Richard reacts very aggressively, yelling at both Sarah and Rosa. After yelling at Rosa, Richard turns around and sees Sarah talking to Abner through a fence. He separates her from Abner, tells him to stay away from her, and that he is no longer going to follow his instructions.

The next day, he is dropping Sarah off at school and sees Abner putting up flyers. The flyer announces that Jenny Wilkins son Thomas has gone missing. Later in the day, he is asked to meet Abner at his work. He arrives at Blue Jacket Realty, where Abner takes him to a remote house to reveal that he has taken Jenny Wilkins. Abner kills Jenny. On the ride back, Abner tells Richard that he does feel guilt and is haunted by flashbacks of his actions, but that dealing with them is the only way to get used to it. That night, Richard has a nightmare about his wife and is awoken by a loud noise. He finds that Sarah has shattered a glass while trying to get a drink of water. Sarah apologizes repeatedly and is on the verge of tears when Richard breaks down and apologizes for his recent behavior, saying that he has seen too much of people doing awful things.

Richard gets a call from Abner the next day telling him that soccer practice is almost over. While rushing to pick Sarah up, he sees Abner drive past with Sarah in the backseat. Richard catches up to him and tells him that he is no longer going to listen to him, and warns him to stay away from Sarah. Convinced that Abner is going to hurt Sarah, Richard goes to his house and accidentally kills Abner's wife.

When Abner comes home it is revealed that Abner Solvie is actually the detective investigating the case of Thomas Wilkins. Richard kills him after finding out the truth, and comes home to a delivery for him. The package is a tape recorder from the impostor Abner, revealing that he knew what Richard has done and that he has seen what impostor Abner wanted him to see, missing the truth because he didn't follow the trail.

Richard wakes up in the middle of the night, thinking about what impostor Abner had said. He investigates the basement of his house and finds the corpse of Thomas, with Sarah sitting beside him, crying softly. It is revealed that impostor Abner first met Sarah in the park, where she kills a bird. Impostor Abner had been “training” Richard to keep Sarah safe this whole time, and Richard is seen hiding Thomas's body in the same place impostor Abner hid the coffee shop worker's body. Sarah is seen in the car placing Thomas's glasses in a bag as a keepsake, and in the same bag there is a silver ring, presumably her mother's.

Cast
 Martin Donovan as Richard Barnett
 Ariel Winter as Sarah Barnett
 Billy Wirth as Detective
 Gina Gallego as Rosa
 Chelsea Smith as April
 Sakis Rouvas as Abner Solvie
 Joey Adams as Sam
 Derege Harding as Police Officer #2
 Cole S. McKay as The Locksmith
 George Ketsios as Police Officer #1
 Megan Ashley as Hula Hoop Girl
 Lisa Lupu as The Receptionist
 Christina Dohmen as Amy Barnett
 Jacob Bertrand as Thomas Wilkins
 Christopher Holz as Delivery Man

References

External links

2009 films
Sakis Rouvas
American psychological thriller films
Films shot in Los Angeles
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Inez Clare Verdoorn (15 June 1896 – 2 April 1989) was a South African botanist and taxonomist, noted for her major revisions of plant families and genera. She is also a niece of Eugene Nielen Marais, lawyer, naturalist, poet and writer.

She matriculated in 1916 from Loreto Convent School in Pretoria, worked for a while in the office of the Controller and Auditor General before being appointed in 1917 as a herbarium assistant at the Division of Botany and Plant Pathology. Between 1925 and 1927 she worked at Kew as liaison officer for the National Herbarium. On her return to Pretoria, she assumed charge of the herbarium and was promoted to Senior Professional Officer in 1944. Despite having arrived at retirement age in 1951, Verdoorn opted to work on as a temporary staff member until 1968, and thereafter as an unpaid research worker.

She has more than 200 botanical publications to her credit, including major revisions, appearing mainly in Bothalia, Flowering Plants of Africa, Flora of Southern Africa, Kew Bulletin, and the Journal of South African Botany.

This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation I.Verd. when citing a botanical name.

Honours and fellowships

1952 Senior Capt. Scott Medal by the SA Biological Society
1957 President of the SA Biological Society
1964 President of Section B of the SA Association for the Advancement of Science
1967 PhD (honorary) from the University of Natal

She is commemorated by the Composite genus Inezia , Aloe verdoorniae Reynolds, Senecio verdoorniae R.A.Dyer, Teclea verdoorniana Exell & Mendonça, and also Volume 28 of the book, Flowering Plants of Africa, which was specially dedicated to her.

Her collected specimens total some 4000, many were collected with Leslie Edward Wostall Codd, Robert Allen Dyer, Anna Amelia Obermeyer and Herold Georg Wilhelm Johannes Schweickerdt.

References

Botanists with author abbreviations
20th-century South African botanists
South African women botanists
South African taxonomists
Women taxonomists
Scientists from Pretoria
Afrikaner people
1896 births
1989 deaths
South African people of Dutch descent
20th-century South African women scientists


The A2 Highway (also known as the R4 Highway) is a primary road in Zimbabwe running from Harare to Nyamapanda at the border with Mozambique. The Mozambican side border post is called Cochemane. This is a busy entry point used by people travelling by road between South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.
It starts at intersection with Samora Machel Avenue; however Enterprise Road itself begins from the T-junction with Robert Mugabe Avenue, opposite the market in Eastlea, east of Simon Muzenda Street (Fourth Street) Road Port; a bus terminus for inter-regional buses.

The A2 Highway proper begins where Enterprise Road makes a Y junction sending out A13 Highway to the left hand side and the A2 Highway to the right or straight ahead.  and it ends right at the border with Mozambique.

Background

The 238 km long A2 Highway is popularly known as Mutoko Road and sometimes called Nyamapanda Road.

The A2 Highway was constructed in 1980. Before 1980 the road was partly gravel towards Nyamapanda. Is one of the narrow highways in Zimbabwe. The road is part of the regional trunk road network linking Zimbabwe to the rest of the SADC and COMESA regions through Mozambique.

Operations

The A2 Highway known as Mutoko Road, Mutoko being popular as a mango and tomato supplier to Mbare Musika the largest green market in Harare and all Zimbabwe.

The border post known as the “Nyamapande Customs Post” is located close to the town of Nyamapanda in Mashonaland East Province. The town itself was named after the Nyamapanda River. The Mozambican side is called Cochemane. In Mozambique the A2/R4 becomes Route 103 to Tete en route to Malawi.

Regional Road Corridor

As a regional corridor the A2 is known as the R4 Highway relays traffic from South Africa to Malawi.
From Harare to Lilongwe using the A2/R4 Highway and Mozambique's Route 222 the distance is about 741 km (460.4 miles).

This is SADC Route 25 from Durban to Tanzania via Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi and in Zimbabwe the corridor is 812 km long.

 N1 Highway from Gauteng Province to Beitbridge border with Zimbabwe.
 R1/A4 takes from Beitbridge to Harare.
 Then the   R4/A2 takes from Harare to Nyamapanda border with Mozambique
 From Nyamapanda the highway follows Route 103 to Mwanza (via Tete) border between Mozambique and Malawi.
 From Mwanza M6 / M1 North takes on to Lilongwe.

Junctions

 Right at the end of Enterprise Road where A2 Road begins the A13 Highway to Shamva and through to Madziwa Mine branches left (north).
 Murehwa to Marondera (Juru-Marondera Road) 47 km.
 Murehwa T/off.  82 km from Harare. Murehwa-Nyadhire Road branches left to Murehwa about 2 km ahead,

•	Kotwa.

Waypoints

 Murehwa 82 km (the center is 2 km off-road to the right).
 Mutoko 56 km from Murehwa and 95 km before Nyamapanda border post.
 Kotwa: is the last waypoint nearer to Nyamapanda. It is just off the highway to the left.
 Nyamapanda Town 238 km from Harare

See also

 ZINARA
 Transport in Zimbabwe
 Trans-African Highway network
 Beira-Lobito Corridor

References

Roads in Zimbabwe


Norman Moore may refer to:

Norman Moore (footballer) (1919–2007), English footballer
Sir Norman Moore, 1st Baronet (1847–1922), British doctor and biographer
Norman Moore (politician) (born 1945), Australian politician
Norman W. Moore (1923–2015), conservationist, professor and baronet


Malcolm John Hazell,  (born 17 December 1948) is a retired Australian public servant. He was the Official Secretary to two Governors-General of Australia, Peter Hollingworth (2003) and Major General Michael Jeffery (2003–2008).

Early life
Hazell was born in Brisbane, Queensland, on 17 December 1948 to Neville John Hazell, a Second World War veteran, and his wife Joan Nell (née Ekelund), a former writer in the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service. Hazell was educated at the Anglican Church Grammar School and the University of Queensland, gaining a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours.

Career
Malcolm Hazell had over 30 years experience in the Australian Public Service. He joined the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C) in 1974, holding policy advising positions. He worked on parliamentary and government matters and international relations. As Head of the Office of Ceremonial and Hospitality, he supervised many arrangements, including the Australian Bicentenary celebrations in 1988, and he was the Commonwealth Director of Royal Visits to Australia. He was the Head of the Cabinet Secretariat from 1996 to 1998.

He was seconded to the position of Senior Government Adviser in the office of the Prime Minister John Howard. In 2003, he became Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia, Peter Hollingworth. That position also entails being Secretary of the Order of Australia. On Hollingworth's resignation later that year, he continued to serve his successor Major General Michael Jeffery.

In August 2008, there was considerable media comment when it was revealed that Jeffery's successor-designate, Quentin Bryce, had decided that she would appoint Stephen Brady as her Official Secretary when she took office on 5 September. This meant that Hazell's job would be ending and, although he made no public comment, he was reported to be "distraught" when informed of the matter three weeks earlier by the Secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Terry Moran. It was reported that Jeffery confronted Bryce about the matter when they met in Brisbane. However, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd stated that neither he nor his office played any part in Bryce's decision. At the same time, he defended Bryce's right to decide who her Official Secretary should be, and said that Hazell would be offered another position within the public service.

Honours
On 10 May 1988, Queen Elizabeth II invested Hazell as a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order for his services during the 1988 Royal Visit.

In 2008, Hazell was made a Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem.

On 8 June 2009, Hazell was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia "For service to the community and to successive Australian Governments through senior positions in the Australian Public Service, and as Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia." He received the insignia of the award from the current Governor-General, Ms Quentin Bryce, at an investiture at Government House, Canberra on 7 September 2009.

On 11 June 2010, Hazell was appointed an Extra Equerry to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. He was advanced to Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2021 Australia Day Honours.

Personal
From 1994 to 2006 Hazell served on the board of Canberra Grammar School, as Chair of the Education Committee and also as deputy chairman of the board. He is also involved in community education activities with the Anglican Church.

He is married and has two sons.

References

Sources
 Edited transcript of a presentation to the ACT Branch of the Order of Australia Association, 23 March 2004

1948 births
Australian Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Australian public servants
Living people
Officers of the Order of Australia
People educated at Anglican Church Grammar School
People from Brisbane
University of Queensland alumni


Elon James White (born October 16, 1978) is a media creator, journalist, and CEO of This Week in Blackness.

White was born in Brooklyn, New York. He is the founder and editor in chief of This Week in Blackness and the Black Comedy Experiment. White is the host of the radio show and web series "This Week In Blackness" which has been featured on Crooks and Liars, Daily Kos, and Jack and Jill Politics. White is also a contributor to the Huffington Post, Salon.com, The Root, and is a part of the comedy troupe Laughing Liberally, the comedic arm of Living Liberally.

White has appeared as a featured commentator on Melissa Harris-Perry's MSNBC show, the VH1 series Black to the Future and The Great Debate as well as Current's Viewpoint (talk show), Countdown With Keith Olbermann and The Joy Behar Show. White was the recipient of four 2009 Black Weblog Awards including Best Humor Blog, Best MicroBlog (Twitter), Best Video Blog and Blog of the Year. White was also listed by Tulane professor & author Melissa Harris-Perry as being one of the "Top 50 Politicos to Watch"

References

External links
Official Website
This Week in Blackness
The Black Comedy Experiment

1978 births
Living people
African-American male comedians
American male comedians
Comedians from New York (state)
21st-century American comedians
Journalists from Brooklyn
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people


Flurothyl (Indoklon) (IUPAC names: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethane or bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether) is a volatile liquid drug from the halogenated ether  family, related to inhaled anaesthetic agents such as diethyl ether, but having the opposite effects, acting as a stimulant and convulsant. A clear and stable liquid, it has a mild ethereal odor whose vapors are non-flammable. It is excreted from the body by the lungs in an unchanged state.

Several compounds related to the halogenated ether anesthetics have similar convulsant effects rather than producing sedation, and this has been helpful in studying the mechanism of action of these drugs.

Currently, the main uses of flurothyl are:

(1) scientific research for inducing seizures in laboratory animals;

(2) as an additive in lithium-ion batteries.

Research into psychiatric treatment
Flurothyl was at one time studied in psychiatric medicine for shock therapy, in a similar manner to other convulsant drugs such as pentetrazol, as an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This use has now been discontinued.

In 1953, the Maryland pharmacologist J. C. Krantz experimented with flurothyl to induce seizures in psychiatric patients as an alternative to ECT.  Flurothyl was injected into a plastic container in a tight fitting face mask. The patient inhaled a mixture of vapor and air, and expired air was forced into a charcoal adsorbent via a one-way valve. Oxygen was administered simultaneously. Flurothyl inhalations were first conducted without sedation or muscle paralysis. Premedication with pentothal and succinylcholine chloride, as is customary in ECT, was tested and found safe.

Four random assignment treatment studies found the clinical results for flurothyl to be as effective as those of ECT. Flurothyl treatments were administered on the same schedules as ECT. In some patients who had not responded to ECT, flurothyl treatment produced improvement.

The flurothyl treated patients showed less amnesia and confusion during the course of treatment with better patient acceptance. A detailed study comparing flurothyl and ECT in patients with severe endogenous depression, reported the degree of anterograde amnesia to be similar, but the degree of retrograde amnesia was much lower after flurothyl. Psychological tests showed memory impairments at the fourth week of treatment, and memory improvement two weeks after the last treatment, with no measurable differences between the treatments.

Equal degrees of EEG slow wave increases were recorded in flurothyl and electrical induced seizures. Oximetric and ECG studies showed comparable heart rate increases with occasional rhythmic irregularities.

Flurothyl induced seizures were deemed clinically equal to electrical seizures with lesser effects on cognition and memory. An editorial in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1966 encouraged its use.

An injectable form of flurothyl was formulated. The clinical results were the same as with inhaled flurothyl.

Mechanism of Action
The convulsant properties of flurothyl pose a challenge to unifying theories of general anesthetics such as the Meyer-Overton hypothesis (see Theories of general anaesthetic action). A variety of halogenated ethers (e.g., isoflurane, sevoflurane) and diethyl ether itself are general anesthetics, and flurothyl is a substituted diethyl ether.  Even more strikingly, a structural isomer of flurothyl known as isoflurothyl (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropane) induces general anesthesia and not convulsions in mice and dogs.  Isoflurothyl differs from the widely used inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane by only a single fluorine atom (sevoflurane has an additional fluorine on the methyl group).

A molecular explanation for the difference between flurothyl and isoflurothyl was provided by electrophysiology studies that showed flurothyl was an antagonist (blocker) of neuronal GABAA receptors and had no effect on neuronal glycine receptors.  This receptor selectivity resembles that of the well-characterized GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin.  Studies using recombinant GABAA and glycine receptors confirmed this activity profile and further showed that isoflurothyl behaved similar to other ether anesthetics in acting as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA and glycine receptors. There is some evidence that flurothyl may actually possess general anesthetic properties at high concentrations that are masked by the more potent convulsant action.

See also
 Theories of general anaesthetic action

References

Antidepressants
Convulsants
Ethers
GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators
Organofluorides
Stimulants


The A 2 is an A-Grade road in Sri Lanka. It connects Colombo and Wellawaya via Kalutara, Galle, Matara and Hambantota.

Route

Colombo to Galle
The west-coast portion of the highway consists of the Galle Road.  Within Colombo, the A2 serves as a north–south backbone to the city.  It is split into two one-way streets from Colombo Fort to Wellawatte, in order to ease traffic flow.

The highway passes through Wellawatte, Ratmalana, Kalutara, Wadduwa, Maggona, Beruwala, Bentota, Panadura, Kosgoda, Ambalangoda, Hikkaduwa, and Galle.  At Galle, the highway runs through the city centre before continuing towards Hambantota.

Galle to Hambantota
From Galle, the highway continues east along the south coast towards Ahangama.  It passes Unawatuna, Koggala, Ahangama and Weligama, before arriving at Matara.  At Matara, it passes the University of Ruhuna.  The highway continues towards Dikwella, Tangalle, Ambalantota, and Hambantota.  To cross the artificial harbour at Hambantota, a harbour-bypass road allows the A2 to continue to Wellawaya.

Hambantota to Wellawaya
After the Hambantota Harbour, the A2 turns north and passes Weligatta, Tanamalwila, Kuda Oya and Teluulla before reaching Wellawaya.  At Wellawaya, it meets the A4 and A23 highways.

Asian Highways
The A2 forms part of the Asian Highways route AH43.  AH43 is unsigned while on the A2.

See also
 List of A-Grade highways in Sri Lanka
 E01 expressway (Sri Lanka), expressway built to reduce the traffic load on the A2.

References

A02 highway


John Clay (born January 4, 1988) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football for the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In high school, he received numerous awards for his accomplishments on the field at Washington Park High School in Racine, Wisconsin, being named to the Racine County Sports Hall of Fame in 2018, and was one of the most heavily recruited players in the country. Clay was ruled ineligible to play by the NCAA after not meeting Wisconsin admission requirements before being ruled eligible for the 2008 season.

High school
Clay attended Washington Park High School in Racine, Wisconsin. He was named a high school All-American in 2006 and played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl game. A 4-star recruit, he committed to Wisconsin on national signing day after declining offers from Tennessee, Ohio State, Nebraska, and Iowa.

After graduating from high school and before the start of summer football camp, Clay was notified by the NCAA that his grades had not met the requirements to play collegiate football. He had recorded a 2.7 core GPA and received a 7 on his ACT. Clay attended summer school to complete the required course work, then rejoined his teammates and began practicing with the Badgers. His late start forced him to redshirt in 2007.

Honors
 2006 WIAA Division 1 State Champion
 U.S. Army All-American Bowl
 Tom Lemming's Top 10 of 2007
 All-State
 All-Area
 Rival's 100
 2009 Big Ten offensive player of the year
 2009 All-Big Ten 1st team
 2009 Champs Sports Bowl MVP

College career

As a redshirt freshman in 2008, Clay saw his first action on the field against the University of Akron, where he posted 71 yards and his first collegiate touchdown on just 12 carries.  He finished the season second on the team and seventh in the Big Ten Conference in rushing with 884 yards on 155 carries and nine touchdowns.

In 2009, Clay led the Big Ten and ranked eighth in the country with 1,517 rushing yards. His 18 rushing touchdowns also led the Big Ten and tied for seventh in the nation. On November 23, 2009, Clay was named Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year, the third Badgers' player to be so named Big Ten, joining fellow running backs Ron Dayne (1999) and Brent Moss (1993).

Clay was on the cover of the December 11, 2009 edition of Sports Illustrated, an issue that featured the best sports photos of 2009. The picture was taken during the Michigan game at Camp Randall Stadium.

Clay entered the 2010 football season on the preseason watch lists for the Doak Walker Award, the Walter Camp Award, and the Maxwell Award. He was selected as a Playboy All-American. An MCL injury sidelined Clay for the last three 2010 regular season games, damaging his chances at the Heisman. Clay was named one of three finalists for the 2010 Doak Walker Award, which is given annually to the nation's top running back. The other two finalists were Kendall Hunter of Oklahoma State and the winner of the award, LaMichael James of Oregon.

For the 2010 season, Clay finished with 1,012 rushing yards and 14 rushing touchdowns.

Statistics

Professional career
On January 7, 2011, Clay announced he would forgo his senior season to enter the 2011 NFL Draft.

Clay went undrafted in the 2011 NFL Draft.

Clay was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent on July 26, 2011. He waived for final cuts on September 2, 2011 but was re-signed two days later to the practice squad.  On December 23, 2011, he was added to the team's active roster.  He scored his first touchdown on his first carry in the NFL on December 24, 2011, a 10-yard score.

Clay was waived/injured on August 14, 2012, but subsequently reverted to injured reserve on August 16. He was given an injury settlement and released from injured reserve on August 20.

References

External links

Wisconsin Badgers bio

1988 births
Living people
Players of American football from Racine, Wisconsin
American football running backs
Wisconsin Badgers football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players


Amrutanjan Healthcare Limited is an Indian pharmaceutical company headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded by Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1893.

History

Amrutanjan was established as a patent medicine business in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1893 by K. Nageswara Rao Pantulu who was a journalist, social reformer and freedom fighter. The headquarters were shifted to Madras (now Chennai) in 1914.

As of 2014, it is headed by Sambhu Prasad, the grandson of Nageshwara Rao.

Products
Amrutanjan Healthcare's main product is its pain balm. In 2002, Amrutanjan Healthcare launched a series of anti-diabetic medicines called Diakyur.  In 2004, the company launched herbal mouth-fresheners under the brand name "Affair".

The Amrutanjan group also includes a software company called Amrutanjan Infotech. In July 2001, Amrutanjan Infotech's call-centre began its operations.

In May 2011 Amrutanjan diversified into foods, buying out Siva's Soft Drink Pvt Ltd, a Chennai-based company which sells fruit juices under the Fruitnik brand. It has relatively paid out 260 Million for the acquisition.

Amrutanjan balm

In 1936, Amrutanjan became a public limited company with the name Amrutanjan Limited. Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao popularised the balm by distributing it free-of-cost at music concerts.

On 13 November 2007, the company changed its name from Amrutanjan Limited to Amrutanjan Healthcare Limited and has ever since been known by that name.

On 4 July 2002, Amrutanjan Healthcare entered the U.S. market.

In 2022, the company launched a period pain roll-on under Comfy brand.

References

Bibliography

External links
 Amrutanjan Healthcare

Pharmaceutical companies established in 1893
Ayurvedic companies
Companies based in Chennai
Pharmaceutical companies of India
Health care companies of India
Indian brands
Indian companies established in 1893
1893 establishments in India
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange


This is a list of roads designated A3. Roads entries are sorted in the countries alphabetical order.

 A003 road (Argentina), a road connecting the junction with National Route 9 and Camino de Cintura to Tigre
 A3 road (Australia) may refer to :
 A3 (Sydney), a road in Sydney connecting the Northern Beaches and Southern suburbs
 Cross Road, Adelaide, a road connecting Plympton, Adelaide and Glen Osmond
 Tasman Highway, a road connecting Hobart and Launceston
 Burnett Highway, Queensland
 D'Aguilar Highway, Queensland
 Gympie Road, Brisbane, Queensland
 New England Highway, Queensland
 A3 motorway (Austria), a road connecting Knoten Guntramsdorf and Ebreichsdorf
 A3 motorway (Belgium), a road connecting Brussel and Liège
 A3 motorway (Bulgaria), a road connecting Sofia (via A6) and the border crossing to Greece, at the village of Kulata
 A3 highway (Botswana), connecting Francistown and Maun
 A3 motorway (Croatia), a road connecting the border crossings with Slovenia and Serbia and passing through Zagreb
 A3 motorway (Cuba), a road connecting Havana and Melena del Sur
 A3 motorway (Cyprus), a road connecting Larnaca and Ayia Napa
 A3 motorway (France), a road connecting Montreuil-sous-Bois, Rosny-sous-Bois and Bondy
 A3 motorway (Germany), a road connecting Wesel and Passau
A3 motorway (Greece), a road connecting Lamia and Grevena
 A3 motorway (Italy), a road connecting Naples and the Reggio Calabria
 A3 road (Jamaica), a road connecting Kingston and Saint Ann's Bay
 A3 highway (Kazakhstan), a road connecting Almaty to Oskemen
 A3 road (Kenya), a road connecting to Liboi at the Somali border
 A3 road (Latvia), a road connecting Inčukalns and the Estonian border in Valka
 A3 highway (Lesotho), a road connecting Mantsonyane and Thaba-Tseka
 A3 highway (Lithuania), a road connecting Vilnius and Minskas
 A3 motorway (Luxembourg), a road connecting Luxembourg City to Dudelange
 A3 road (Malaysia), a road in Sabah
 A3 motorway (Morocco), a road connecting Casablanca and Rabat
 A3 highway (Nigeria), a road connecting Port Harcourt to the Republic of Cameroon at north-east Nigeria
 A3 road (People's Republic of China) may refer to :
 A3 expressway (Shanghai), the former name of the S3 expressway, a planned expressway in Shanghai
 A3 autostrada (Poland), a formerly planned motorway in western Poland
 A3 motorway (Portugal), a road connecting Porto and Braga
 A3 motorway (Romania), a road planned to connect when fully constructed Bucharest to the western border near Oradea
 A3 motorway (Serbia), a road connecting Belgrade and Croatian border
 A3 motorway (Slovenia), a road connecting Gabrk and Fernetiči at the Italian border
 A3 road (Spain) may refer to :
 A-3 motorway (Spain), a road connecting Madrid and Valencia
 A3 motorway (Extremadura), a road connecting Zafra and Jerez de los Caballeros
 A3 motorway (Switzerland), a road connecting Basel and Sargans
 A 3 road (Sri Lanka), a road connecting Peliyagoda and Puttalam
 A3 motorway (Tunisia), a road connecting Tunis and Oued Zarga
 A3 road (United Kingdom) may refer to :
 A3 road (Great Britain), a road connecting London and Portsmouth
 A3 road (Isle of Man), a road connecting Castletown and Ramsey
 A3 road (Northern Ireland), a road connecting Lisburn and Middletown
 A3 road (United States of America) may refer to :
 Interstate A-3, a road connecting Anchorage and Soldotna
 County Route A3, a road connecting Standish and Buntingville
 A3 road (Zimbabwe), a road connecting Manicatown and Harare via Chitungwiza

See also
 List of highways numbered 3


This is a list of roads designated A4.

A4 is the name of several roads:
 A004 road (Argentina), a road connecting Buenos Aires-La Plata highway with the Juan María Gutiérrez circle
 A4 motorway (Austria), a road connecting Vienna and Nickelsdorf on the Hungarian border
 A4 highway (Australia) may refer to :
 A4/M4 (Sydney), a road linking the Blue Mountains and Sydney
 Capricorn Highway, a road connecting Rockhampton with the Landsborough Highway at Barcaldine
 Esk Highway, a road connecting the Midland Highway with the Tasman Highway
 A4 motorway (Belgium), a road connecting Brussel and the A6 in Luxembourg
 A4 motorway (Bulgaria), a road connecting A1 at Chirpan and the border crossing to Turkey, at the village of Kapitan Andreevo
 A4 road (China) may refer to :
 A4 road (Shanghai), a road in Shanghai connecting Xinzhuang Interchange and Fengjing Interchange
 A4 motorway (Croatia), a road connecting Zagreb to Hungary
 A4 motorway (Cuba), connecting Havana to Pinar del Río
 A4 autoroute (France), a road connecting Paris to Strasbourg
 A4 motorway (Germany), a road connecting Aachen and Görlitz
 A4 motorway (Italy), a road connecting Torino to Trieste
 A4 road (Jamaica), a road connecting Kingston and the A3 junction west of Annotto Bay
 A4 road (Kenya), a road from Gilgil to the Ethiopian border
 A4 road (Latvia), a beltway around Riga
 A4 highway (Lithuania), a road connecting Vilnius and Gardinas
 A4 motorway (Luxembourg), a road connecting Luxembourg City to Esch-sur-Alzette
 A4 road (Malaysia), a road in Sabah
 A4 motorway (Netherlands), a road connecting Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam with the Belgian border near Antwerp's Harbour
 A4 highway (Nigeria), a road connecting Calabar and Maiduguri
 A4 autostrada (Poland), a motorway running through southern Poland from Zgorzelec (Polish-German border) to Korczowa (Polish-Ukrainian border)
 A4 motorway (Portugal), a highway connecting Amarante and Porto
 A4 motorway (Romania), a road serving as bypass for the Black Sea port town of Constanta
 A4 motorway (Serbia), a road connecting Niš and Dimitrovgrad at the Bulgarian border
 A4 motorway (Slovenia), a road connecting Maribor and Gruškovje at the Croatian border
 A4 road (Spain) may refer to :
 A-4 motorway (Spain), a road connecting Madrid to the Andalusia region
 Autovía EX-A4, a road in Extremadura connecting Cáceres and Badajoz
 A 4 road (Sri Lanka), a road connecting Colombo and Batticaloa via Ratnapura
 A4 motorway (Switzerland), a road connecting Schaffhausen to central Switzerland
 A4 motorway (Tunisia), a road connecting Tunis and Bizerte
 A4 road (United Kingdom) may refer to :
 A4 road (England), a road connecting London to Avonmouth, Bristol
 A4 road (Isle of Man), a primary road which connects Peel with Kirk Michael
 A4 road (Northern Ireland), a road in Northern Ireland
 Interstate A-4, a road in Alaska
 A4 road (Zimbabwe), a highway between Beitbridge and Harare

See also
 List of highways numbered 4


A convulsant is a drug which induces convulsions and/or epileptic seizures, the opposite of an anticonvulsant. These drugs generally act as stimulants at low doses, but are not used for this purpose due to the risk of convulsions and consequent excitotoxicity. Most convulsants are antagonists (or inverse agonists) at either the GABAA or glycine receptors, or ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists. Many other drugs may cause convulsions as a side effect at high doses (e.g. bupropion, tramadol, pethidine, dextropropoxyphene, clomipramine) but only drugs whose primary action is to cause convulsions are known as convulsants. Nerve agents such as sarin, which were developed as chemical weapons, produce convulsions as a major part of their toxidrome, but also produce a number of other effects in the body and are usually classified separately. Dieldrin which was developed as an insecticide blocks chloride influx into the neurons causing hyperexcitability of the CNS and convulsions. The Irwin observation test and other studies that record clinical signs are used to test the potential for a drug to induce convulsions. Camphor, and other terpenes given to children with colds can act as convulsants (sympathomimetics, piperazine derivatives, theophylline, antihistamines, etc.) in children who have had febrile seizures.

Uses
Some convulsants such as pentetrazol and flurothyl were previously used in shock therapy in psychiatric medicine, as an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy. Others such as strychnine and tetramethylenedisulfotetramine are used as poisons for exterminating pests. Bemegride and flumazenil are used to treat drug overdoses (of barbiturates and benzodiazepines respectively), but may cause convulsions if the dose is too high. Convulsants are also widely used in scientific research, for instance in the testing of new anticonvulsant drugs.  Convulsions are induced in captive animals, then high doses of anticonvulsant drugs are administered. For example, kainic acid can lead to status epilepticus in animals as it is a cyclic analog of l-glutamate and an agonist for kainate receptors in the brain which makes it a potent neurotoxin and excitant.

Examples

GABAA receptor antagonists, inverse agonists or negative allosteric modulators
GABAA receptor antagonists are drugs that bind to GABAA receptors but do not activate them and inhibit the action of GABA. Thus it blocks both the endogenous and exogenous actions of GABAA  receptor agonists.
 Bemegride
 Bicuculline
 Cicutoxin
 Cyclothiazide
 DMCM
 FG-7142
 Fipronil
 Flumazenil
 Flurothyl
 Gabazine
 IPTBO
 Laudanosine
 Oenanthotoxin
 Pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol)
 Phenylsilatrane
 Picrotoxin
 Sarmazenil
 Securinine
 Sinomenine
 TBPO
 TBPS
 Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
 Thujone

GABA synthesis inhibitors
GABA synthesis inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA.
 3-Mercaptopropionic acid
 Allylglycine

Glycine receptor antagonists
Glycine receptor antagonists are drugs which inactivates the glycine receptors.
 Bicuculline
 Brucine
 Colubrine
 Diaboline
 Gelsemine
 Hyenandrine
 Laudanosine
 Oripavine
 RU-5135 (also GABA antagonist)
 Sinomenine
 Strychnine
 Thebaine
 Tutin

Ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists
Ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists are drugs that activate the ionotropic glutamate receptors in the brain.
 AMPA
 Domoic acid
 Kainic acid
 NMDA
 Quinolinic acid
 Quisqualic acid
 Tetrazolylglycine

Acetylcholine receptor agonists
Acetylcholine receptor agonists are drugs that activate the acetylcholine receptors.
 Anatoxin-a
 Pilocarpine

Advantages
Camphor injections for psychiatric treatment were inefficient and were replaced by pentylenetetrazol. Seizures induced by chemicals like flurothyl were clinically effective as electric convulsions with lesser side effects on memory retention. Therefore, considering flurothyl induced seizures in modern anesthesia facilities is encouraged to relieve medication treatment resistant patients with psychiatric illnesses like mood disorders and catatonia.

Risks/Complications
Convulsants like pentylenetetrazol and flurothyl were effective in psychiatric treatment but difficult to administer. Flurothyl was not widely being used due to the persistence of the ethereal aroma and fears in the professional staff that they might seize.

History
In 1934, camphor-induced and pentylenetetrazol-induced brain seizures were first used to relieve psychiatric illnesses. But camphor was found ineffective. In 1957, inhalant anesthetic flurothyl was tested and found to be clinically effective in the induction of seizures, even though certain risks persisted.

References


The Sherbino Mesa Wind Farm is located in Pecos County in west Texas. The first 150 megawatts (MW) of the project, which has a potential capacity of 750 MW, is in operation. Phase I utilizes 50 Vestas V-90 Mk.5 wind turbine generators, each with a rated capacity of 3 MW. BP will operate phase I of the project.

Phase II, located on a  site  west of Fort Stockton, utilizes 60 Clipper Windpower C-96 wind turbines, each with a rated capacity of 2.5 MW. This phase will be in operation by the end of 2011.

See also

List of wind farms
Wind power in Texas

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 2008
Wind farms in Texas
Buildings and structures in Pecos County, Texas
BP buildings and structures
2008 establishments in Texas


Myxopyronins (Myx) are a group of alpha-pyrone antibiotics, which are inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP).  They target switch 1 and switch 2 of the RNAP "switch region". Rifamycins and fidaxomicin also target RNAP, but target different sites in RNAP. Myxopyronins do not have cross-resistance with any other drugs so myxopyronins may be useful to address the growing problem of drug resistance in tuberculosis. They also may be useful in treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). They are in pre-clinical development and has not yet started clinical trials.

Myxopyronin was first isolated in 1983 from a soil bacterium by Werner Kohl and Herbert Irschik at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (former GBF). A total synthesis of myxopyronin was first reported in 1998 by James S. Panek and co-workers.

The target, the mechanism of action, and the structure of the complex of RNAP with myxopyronin were first reported in 2008 by Richard H. Ebright and co-workers. Synthetic analogs of the natural myxopyronins have been synthesized at Anadys Pharmaceuticals and at Rutgers University.

Terence I. Moy and co-workers at Cubist Pharmaceuticals have stated that, based on high resistance rate and high serum protein binding (comparable to rifamycins and lipiarmycin), the unmodified natural product myxopyronin B is not a viable starting point for antibiotic development.

References

Antibiotics
4-Pyrones


Changping railway station may refer to:
 Changping railway station (Guangdong) (常平), in Changping, Dongguan, China
 Changping railway station (Beijing) (昌平), in Changping District, Beijing
 Changping station (Beijing Subway), on the Changping Line, Beijing


Parul Ghosh (; 1915–13 August 1977) was an Indian playback singer.

Career
Ghosh sang in Hindi and Bengali movies from 1935 to 1951. Hailing from Barisal (now in Bangladesh), she was introduced to playback singing by her brother Anil Biswas. Films in which she featured include Jwar Bhata, Milan, Hamaari Baat and Namaste. In her early career she was associated with New Theatres, Kolkata.

Personal life and death
Ghosh was married to the flautist Pannalal Ghosh in 1924. Ghosh died on 13 August 1977 in Malad, Mumbai.

References

1977 deaths
People from Barisal
Indian women playback singers
University of Calcutta alumni
20th-century Indian singers
20th-century Indian women singers
Singers from Mumbai
Women musicians from Maharashtra
1915 births


Alexander "Sasha" Abramovich Belavin (, born 1942) is a Russian physicist, known for his contributions to string theory.

He is a professor at the Independent University of Moscow and а researcher at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics. He is also a member of the editorial board of the Moscow Mathematical Journal.

Work
Belavin participated in the discovery of the BPST instanton (1975) which aided the understanding of the chiral anomaly and gave new directions within quantum field theory. With G. Avdeeva he showed evidence of new coupling regimes for gauge field theory (1973). He also developed the Belavin S-matrices, exactly solvable models in two-dimensional relativistic theories (1981). He co-authored the BPZ paper (1984) with Alexander Polyakov and Alexander Zamolodchikov on two-dimensional conformal field theory, which became important for string theory. With Vadim Knizhnik he obtained the Belavin–Knizhnik theorem on dual amplitudes in string theory (1986).

Awards
Pomeranchuk Prize 2007 for remarkable achievements in quantum field theory, such as instanton solutions in QCD, and deep insights in two-dimensional conformal string theory.
Lars Onsager Prize 2011, with A. M. Polyakov and A. Zamolodchikov for creating conformal field theory.

Political positions
In February 2022, he signed an open letter by Russian scientists condemning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Publications

See also
Banks–Zaks fixed point

References

External links
 60th birthday page

Russian string theorists
Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Academic staff of the Independent University of Moscow
1942 births
Living people
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute alumni
Russian activists against the Russian invasion of Ukraine


The BL 6 inch gun Mk V  was an early Elswick Ordnance Company breech-loading naval gun originally designed to use the old gunpowder propellants. They were used for coast defence around the British Empire.

Description and service

This was an Elswick Ordnance export design, completely different from and longer (30-calibres, 183.5 inch bore) than the contemporary 26-calibres British naval service 6-inch Mk III, IV and VI guns designed by the Royal Gun Factory, although it fired the same 100-pound projectiles. The gun was of a complex all-steel built-up construction, of a steel A-tube surrounded by multiple steel hoops, breech-piece and jacket.

Several were acquired by the British government for coast defence in the UK and were given the designation 6-inch gun Mark V. The breech fittings and firing mechanism were modified in British service to standardize them with the British service guns, Mark IV and VI. The breech-screw was locked by turning to the left, unlike standard service guns made by the Royal Gun Factory, which all locked to the right. Rifling consisted of 28 grooves of the polygroove "Elswick section" type, increasing from 0 to 1 turn in 30 calibres (i.e. 1 turn in 180 inches) at the muzzle.

They were also exported for use as coast-defence guns in Hong Kong, New Zealand, Australian colonies and Siam (Thailand), typically as disappearing guns.

Romania purchased 10 L/32 guns and used them during the First World War. The Romanian guns had a greater range (7,800 meters).

QFC conversion

During the 1890s, when the new "QF" technology of loading propellant charges in brass cases to increase the rate of fire was in favour, 4 guns were returned from New South Wales, Australia to the UK to be converted to QF.

2 of the resulting QFC guns are known to have been still in commission until 1945, in the Princess Royal Fortress defending the port of Albany, Western Australia.

Image gallery

See also
List of coastal artillery

Surviving examples
 7 disappearing guns at Chulachomklao Fort, Bangkok, Thailand. See :File:Armstrong cannon, Chulachomklao fort.jpg
A Mk V gun on reproduction disappearing mount at Fort Lytton, near Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. See also
Mk V disappearing gun restored in 1998 at Taiaroa Head, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Armstrong Mk V gun, North Shore, Auckland New Zealand. Formerly at Fort Bastion
An unrestored Mk V disappearing gun at Fort Jervois, Ripapa Island, New Zealand

Notes

References

Bibliography
Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE
"Treatise on the Construction and Manufacture of Ordnance in the British Service", War Office, UK, 1893.
 Text Book of Gunnery, 1902. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE

External links

 Handbook for the 6 inch B. L. marks IV, V, and VI guns 1892 at State Library of Victoria
 Instructions for 6 inch Rifled Breech Loading Armstrong Gun and Automatic Centre Pivot Barbette Mounting from Australian National Archives
 Instructions for 6 inch Rifled Breech Loading Armstrong Gun and Hydro-Pneumatic Disappearing Carriage from Australian National Archives
Video clip showing left side view of restored disappearing gun at Taiaroa Head, New Zealand
Video clip showing breech operation and loading of restored disappearing gun at Taiaroa Head, New Zealand
Disappearing Mountings described  at Victorian Forts and Artillery website
Diagram of Armstrong Mk V gun on disappearing carriage

Artillery of the United Kingdom
152 mm artillery
Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom
Coastal artillery
Disappearing guns