Sevenoaks is a town in Kent, England. The following is a list of pages of people who were born, live or have lived in the town, or made some important contribution to it. Please add only notable people with a Wikipedia page.

Notable people from Sevenoaks

A
John Miller Adye (1819–1900) Army officer
Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (1717–97) colonial governor of Massachusetts
William Amherst (c. 1732–1781) Army officer
William Amherst, 3rd Earl Amherst (1836–1910) Member of Parliament, Freemason
Geoffrey Anson (1922–77) cricketer
Charles Robert Ashbee (1863–1942) member of Arts & Crafts Movement

B
Cheryl Baker (born 1954) singer in Bucks Fizz and TV presenter
Reg Balch (1894–1994) Canadian photographer and scientist
Anton du Beke (born 1966)  ballroom dancer
Douglas Booth (born 1992) actor
Thomas Bourchier (c. 1404–1486) Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Chancellor
William Bowra (1752–1820) cricketer
Matthew Branton (born 1968) novelist
Bill Bruford (born 1949) drummer for bands such as Yes and King Crimson

C
Hugh Cecil (born 1889)  photographer
Mike Conway (born 1983)  2006 British Formula Three and 2019–20 FIA World Endurance Championship champion
Simon Cope (born 1966) cyclist

D
Anne Seymour Damer (1748–1828) sculptor
W. H. Davies (1871–1940) poet and tramp
Daniel Day-Lewis (born 1957) actor, attended Sevenoaks School in his early teens
Christopher Don (Donny) (born 1984) disc jockey, drum and bass artist
John Donne (1572–1631) metaphysical poet and Dean of Old St Paul's Cathedral
Diana Princess of Wales (1961-1997) attended West Heath School in Sevenoaks.

E
Joan Adeney Easdale (1913–1989) poet, was born in Sevenoaks.
John Epps (1805–69) homeopathic physician; religious dissenter

F
John Farey (1791–1851) mechanical engineer
John Frith (1503–1533) priest and writer

G
Philip Game (1876–1961) Metropolitan Police Commissioner; Governor of New South Wales
Walter Gilliat (1869–1963) priest, Association football player
Cathy Gilliat-Smith (born 1981) England and Great Britain field hockey player
Paul Greengrass (born 1955) film director and screenwriter
George Grote (1794–1871) historian

H
Paul Hartnoll (born 1968) musician (Orbital)
Brian Hord (born 1934) politician
George Henry Horton (born 1993) filmmaker
John Humphrys (born 1943) radio broadcaster
Gloria Hunniford (born 1940) radio and television personality
John Hurt (born 1940) actor

K
Janet Kear (1933–2004) ornithologist
Caron Keating (1962–2004) TV presenter
Sam King (1911–2003) golfer
John Kirk (1832–1922) Scottish physician, naturalist, companion to explorer David Livingstone, British Consul in Zanzibar
John Buxton Knight (1843–1908) landscape painter
Dick Knowles (1917–2008) MP

L
Justine Lord (born 1938) actress

M
Joseph Miller (died 1794) cricketer
John Minshull (c. 1741–1793) cricketer
Sarah Morris (born 1967) British-born American artist and filmmaker based in New York
Netta Muskett (1887–1963) novelist

P
Lance Percival (born 1933) actor, comedian and singer
Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany (1878–1957) President of Sevenoaks Boy Scouts Association and Sevenoaks Chess Club

R
Val Romney (c. 1718–1773) cricketer

S
Lionel Sackville-West, 2nd Baron Sackville (1827–1908) diplomat
Lionel Sackville-West, 6th Baron Sackville (1913–2004) stockbroker
Vita Sackville-West (1892–1962) author, member of the Bloomsbury group
John Salako (born 1969) association footballer
James Sharman (living) TV producer and sportscaster; host of The Footy Show on The Score
Peter Sissons (1942 - 2019) newsreader
Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron Weardale (1847–1923) politician and philanthropist
Tilda Swinton (born 1960) actress, attended West Heath School, Sevenoaks
Plum Sykes (born 1969) fashion writer and novelist

T
Andy Titterrell (born 1981) England rugby union international
Edward Thomas (1878–1917) poet and journalist

W
Tom Warren (born 1983) rugby union player
H. G. Wells (1866–1946) novelist and science fiction writer
James Whitbourn (born 1963) composer
Charlie Whiting (1952-2019) Formula One race director
Joe Wilkinson (born 1975) comedian

Y
Lizzy Yarnold (born 1988) Skeleton racer, most successful British Winter Olympian of all time

Z
Robert Charles Zaehner (1913–1974) British academic whose field of study was Eastern religions.

References

People from Sevenoaks
Sevenoaks


The Emai people are a group of people that inhabit a sizable part of Afenmai land in the northwest Edo state of Nigeria. They are a people of Edo extraction currently scattered around the Owan River. Emai territory is bounded on the south by Erah, on the west by Ora, on the east by Ihievbe and on the north by the peoples of Uokha and Ake. All of these groups of people are bounded by ancestry to a common founder, a person called Imah.

Early history and migration
Imah (or Imaran) was believed to be born to an Ubini, Prince Kuoboyuwa, around the fourteenth century AD (circa 1415). His father was the eldest son of Oba Ewuare and heir apparent to the throne.  Young Imah, emotionally shattered by the sudden death of his father, found life miserable in the palace household, and with his grandfather's blessing decided to migrate with his immediate family.

The young troubled prince found a home at Ugboha (a word meaning "near home" or "by the okha tree") close to the present-day ancient town of Uokha.  The Uokha people, also of Ubini extraction, are located near the Kukuruku Hills of what is today Ihievbe-Ogben town close to Edoland. The area is believed to have been unclaimed and uninhabited at that period of time. Amidst this thickly dense forestation Imah made a home for his family. It came to be called Eko-Imah or Ehe-Imah which means "Imah's camp" or "Imah's place."  Over time this was corrupted to Emai (meaning "our own" or "our land is good").

At one time the place was dominated by the okha trees common in the Nigerian Guinea savannah belt. Imah is said to have been cured mysteriously by one of these trees when he was ill, thus giving the town of Uokha its name. This is the origin of the Eseokhai festival, commemorating the trees that had given Imah both refuge on his journey and a cure for his ailment.

Imah was survived by a son, Uzuanbi. In his old age Imah decided to return to the land of his ancestors in Ubini, leaving Uzuanbi and his family behind. Shortly afterward, word reached Uzuanbi of the death of his father in Ubini. This forced Uzuanbi to return to Ubini to perform his father's burial rites. On the completion of these rites he returned with two wives, Odidi and Oron. While Odidi had three children, Oron was reportedly barren. The children of Odidi were Owunno, Oruamen and Urle.

Today the people of Emai occupy the towns of Uanhumi, Ovbiwun, Afuze, Eteye, Ogute, Evbiamen, Evbiamen Ugboha, Okpohunmi, Ojavun and Ojavun-Ago. Due to the need for expansion and the growing population of the Emai people they were forced to move southward, which resulted in clashes with neighboring clans. An example is the famous skirmish with the people of Erah which ensued in a war; this memory remains as the famous war of "Ogodo bi Isagua" (meaning "war of mud and death") which forced the Erah people to move further south. This war was mainly fought by the descendants of Urle and Erah while the movement of Ogute from Emai-Ugbowa led to the expulsion of the Uhonmora Ora peoples and the founding of Ogute and Ago Ojavun to the Eme-ora borders.

Emai kingship and leadership
In keeping with Benin traditions, the people of Emai had the "odion evbo," which was the oldest man from the oldest town (Uanhumi) to be their king. The discussion of the leadership tussle also throws more light upon the population increase and the reason why there was subsequent migration from Ugbokha.

During the burial rites of his father in Ubini, it is believed that Uzuanbi had an affair with the wife of another man and she bore a male son who was in fact his eldest child. This child suffered considerable hostilities as regards acceptability and difficulty in effectively winning the leadership support of Owunno, whose descendants are today Evbiamen, Okpohumi and Ojavun. He left his descendants to be supported only by Urle, who are today Eteye and Afuze. This would make the people of Uanhumi, Afuze and Eteye to be the first to leave the parent settlement of Emai-Ugbowa.

The reason for the skirmish was the fact that Owunno refused to accept the seniority of Uanhumi who was supported by his brother Urle. This is the reason why Uanhumi and the people of Urle had to leave and remained close to each other.

Traditionally, the oldest man in Uanhumi is the Ode of Emai Regent King and is known to choose his speaker or prime minister from Uze, a tradition that existed till the late 18th century. Due to the emergence of colonial rule and the use of traditional rulers as district officers for the purposes of tax collection by the British colonial government, the prime minister usurped the position of Ode  of Emai from Uanhumi, which was presumably weak and small in size at the time.

Since every town had its cults regarding the rights to ascension of positions, this right was at that time left exclusively to Uanhumi, but today the descendants of Urle of the Uze (now called "Afuze") and Eteye lineage have succeeded in ruling effectively. Though the most revered and oldest of deities is still at Uanhumi, the throne was lost to the Afuze who have produced four heirs to the throne as Oloje of Emai.

The people of Ovbiowun to this day have a parallel kingship known as Oloje of Ovbiowun and celebrate their separate festival of Ese-Okhai, meaning "benefits from the okah tree."

Today there exists only one way to have common consensus: if only the powerful rulers of Urle and the rest of Emai are magnanimous enough to unite the Eije Cult (the cult of chiefs) with the aim of a single ruling hierarchy. This remains to be seen. The right to kingship is extended to all male children at birth who are unarguably descendants of Imah and are capable of obeying and participating in the princely duties of the Eije Cults.

Last three Olojes (kings)
OGEDENGBE I
OJEALARO I
EMAI DE LIGT

Language
The language of the Emai finds most of its words from its parent Benin language of Edoid classification and the neighboring tribes of Ora, Ihievbe, Uokha and Yoruba.

Common greetings
Ese – Hello
Edioo – Good Morning (by men)
Laoba – Good Morning (by women)
Edi – Good Day
Osen chian – Goodbye
Amiegbe – So Long
Ochian ahor – See you tomorrow or Good night
Iso Iso – Ese Okhai festival greeting, meaning "I have survived"

Emai beliefs and culture
The Emai people practice animism and indigenous worship of ancestors, as well as Christianity.

Festivals
Oghae - children age group
Eseokhai - traditional new year
Aovbukpode - adult age group
Oimiyan - masquerade festival

Emai contributions to Nigeria
Emai is the dominant tribe in Owan East Local Government Area of Edo State Nigeria. It has produced leaders for Nigeria and Edo in all spheres of life, including education, politics, health care, industry and the Nigerian armed forces.

Emai people abroad
Many Emai citizens live abroad in countries such as the United States, countries in Europe, and other parts of the globe.

Emai children have various unions. They include Emai union worldwide with branches in Lagos, Gothenburg, London and New York City and other umbrella organizations.

Emai people are specific to the Coventry Group area of Mount Redcliffe whereby their illustrious leader Col. Finny Finster rules them harshly with a big stick. Changes are imminent though, for Col. Finster is due to take a leave of absence in order to cleanse the demon Koo-ndo-ola from his midst.

References

External links
Emai People of Edo State by Wilson Oifovbotoi Onime
Edo People By PRINCE Ademola Iyi Eweka

Ethnic groups in Nigeria
Edo State


Désert may refer to:

 "Désert" (Émilie Simon song), 2002
 Désert (novel), a 1980 novel by J. M. G. Le Clézio
 Le désert, an 1844 "ode-symphonie" by Félicien David with words by Auguste Colin
 Le Désert, a former commune in Calvados, France

People
 Alex Désert (born 1968), American actor and musician
 Claire Désert (born 1967), French classical pianist
 Solen Désert-Mariller (born 1982), French Olympic sprinter

See also
 Déserts, a 1954 composition by Edgard Varèse
 Desert (disambiguation)


James William Gleeson (24 December 1920 – 21 March 2000) was an Australian clergyman and the sixth Catholic Archbishop of Adelaide.  He was the first South Australian priest to become Catholic Archbishop of Adelaide.

Early life

James William Gleeson was born on 24 December 1920 in Balaklava, north of Adelaide in South Australia. His early education was in Balaklava, attending a Josephite school before going to boarding school at Sacred Heart College in Somerton Park, South Australia, a Marist Brothers college. Gleeson's studies for the priesthood were undertaken at Corpus Christi College in Werribee, Victoria, and he was ordained by Archbishop Matthew Beovich in Adelaide's St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral on 24 July 1945. After serving as an assistant priest in the cathedral parish for a year, Beovich sent Gleeson to a teacher's college in Melbourne for a year, and in 1952 appointed him Director of Catholic Education for the archdiocese. In 1958, Gleeson received Queen's Birthday Honours, becoming a companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG).  Cited for the award was his work with young people, both as Director of Catholic Education and through his participation with organisations dealing with the education and welfare of students.

Episcopacy

After suffering a period of bad health, in November 1956 Matthew Beovich requested that he receive an auxiliary bishop. Pope Pius XII appointed Gleeson to the position, and he was consecrated by Beovich on 21 May 1957, becoming Adelaide's first South Australian Catholic bishop. To Gleeson, Beovich delegated responsibility for Catholic Action movements and Catholic radio and television, and he eventually came to chair a number of diocesan committees and councils.  The Archbishop also tasked him with the ordination of new priests and parish visitation.  However, the most important parts of the diocesan administration, such as financial and policy matters, remained under Beovich's control.

In July 1964, Gleeson was appointed coadjutor archbishop, in effect naming him as Beovich's successor.  Beovich retired on 1 May 1971, making Gleeson the first South Australian priest to become Archbishop of Adelaide.

On 20 March 2000, Archbishop Gleeson died as the result of a heart attack. His funeral was held at St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral.  The Catholic school Gleeson College is named in his honour.

Notes

References

1920 births
2000 deaths
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Roman Catholic archbishops of Adelaide
People from Balaklava, South Australia
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Australia
People educated at Sacred Heart College, Adelaide


Fashion Island is a shopping mall located on Ramintra Road, in Khan Na Yao District outskirt of Bangkok, Thailand.

Fashion Island is currently ranked as the Twenty-sixth largest mall in the World along with Dubai Mall and West Edmonton Mall (once biggest mall in the world until 2004).

The shopping mall featured an amusement park with a monorail circling around the mall. It was  in length with four stations. The amusement park and monorail were both shut down after an accident. On 26 June 2002, a short circuit caused one train to catch fire.  The train had no circuit breaker, and the passenger compartment was not protected by fireproof insulation.  Two girls, six and eight years old, died in the fire, and two more children were injured from jumping out of the train.

Fashion Island is also located near the Outer Ring Road - Ram Inthra Station of the Pink Line Monorail that connected Nonthaburi and Bangkok.

Anchors
 Central Department Store (Old Robinson Department Store)
 Tops (Old Tops Market)
 B2S
 Supersports
 Power Buy
 Officemate
 Central Power Center
 Big C
 Gourmet Market
 Major Cineplex
 Fashion Island 7 Cinemas (Old EGV Fashion Island)
 Promenade Cineplex 8 Cinemas
 Don Don Donki (Opening Soon)
 HomePro (Old Fashion Island Zone Move To New Parking Building B)
 The Power by Homepro
 Bike Express
 Food Island
 Sports World
 HarborLand
 Kidzoona
 Prom Garden
 Prom Market
 Fitness First
 Island Hall

See also
List of shopping malls in Thailand
List of largest shopping malls in Thailand

References

External links
Welcome to Fashion Island: About Us
 360° tour

Shopping malls in Bangkok
Khan Na Yao district
Shopping malls established in 1995
1995 establishments in Thailand
Thai companies established in 1995
Retail companies established in 1995


William Mack Brown (born August 27, 1951) is the former head coach of the University of Texas Longhorn football team. During his tenure, the Texas Longhorns football team under Mack Brown had a winning record in 15 of 16 seasons.

Brown's Longhorns won the 2005 National Championship and seven of their ten bowl games. In 2006, he was awarded the Paul "Bear" Bryant Award for "Coach of the Year".

Prior to coaching at Texas, Brown coached at Appalachian State, Tulane, and North Carolina.

Brown is credited with revitalizing North Carolina football program, and his tenure at Texas is the most successful for a head coach at the school in the 21st century to date.

Brown's move to Texas
While Brown informed his North Carolina team and the media that he had no plans to leave North Carolina for the recently vacated job at the University of Texas, he was soon identified (over the objections of Longhorn Athletic Director DeLoss Dodds) by the Texas search committee as one of only two men they were interested in hiring. At the time, the Tar Heels had just completed their most successful season in years. The 1997 Tar Heels notched a 10–1 record—only the third 10-win regular season in school history. They were slated to appear in the Gator Bowl for the second year in a row—only their second (or third) New Year's Day bowl game since the Justice era. They were also all but assured of their highest final ranking in the AP Poll in half a century.

On December 2, 1997, Brown was contacted while at the ACC's football banquet in Atlanta. He agreed to meet with the hiring committee, which included Dodds, Texas coaching legend Darrell Royal, several former Texas players, and several important boosters, most notably Tom Hicks (owner of the Dallas Stars and Texas Rangers), who donated time, energy and the use of his private jet corps to the coaching search that also included an exploratory meeting with Northwestern's Gary Barnett in Chicago.

Brown met the committee on December 3 in the Four Seasons hotel in Atlanta.

The committee was impressed with Brown and Dodds offered him the job on the spot. The offer included a sizable pay raise to about $750,000 a year (which could climb to as high as $1 million with incentives), and a similar amount to recruit assistant coaches.

Brown tentatively accepted, but wanted to speak with North Carolina athletics director Dick Baddour and the North Carolina football team before making an official decision. The following day Brown met with Baddour, who had been told by the Chancellor to offer Brown a ten-year contract, as Brown relates in his autobiography:

 [Baddour] came over to our house... The university offered me [a salary equal to the basketball head coach's], but Baddour made it clear that it would create a real hardship on the department if I took it. He also said, "If you want football to be equal to basketball, you should go to Texas." ... [Baddour] told us the chancellor had said to offer a ten-year contract.... He did add that he didn't feel the Board of Trustees would approve the long-term deal.

Brown called Deloss Dodds to officially accept the head coaching position at the University of Texas on December 4, 1997 at 2:30 PM, then informed Dick Baddour of his decision fifteen minutes later. At 3:00 PM, Brown held a meeting with the Tar Heel players to inform them of his decision.

That Thursday night, Brown flew to Austin. He was introduced to an enthusiastic Longhorn crowd on Friday.

As a consequence of taking the Texas post, Brown was not on the sidelines during the Tar Heels' 42–3 rout of Virginia Tech in the 1998 Gator Bowl, having been replaced as head coach by defensive coordinator Carl Torbush. North Carolina credits the 1997 regular season to Brown and the Gator Bowl to Torbush.

Early seasons
In his early years at UT, Mack Brown was sometimes referred to as "Coach February", a nickname that indicated he performed well during the important recruiting season, but failed to follow up with equally impressive wins on the field. His detractors felt that with all the resources at his disposal at Texas, combined with the talent he was recruiting from high school programs, that he should have more to show for it than appearances in the Holiday Bowl or Cotton Bowl Classic. They felt that he should be playing for Big 12 titles or even National Championships instead.

In five of the first eight seasons under Brown, the Longhorns were all but eliminated from either of these two goals due to losses in October to Big 12 rival Oklahoma. Since the two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but were given another chance when the Sooners lost to both Nebraska and Oklahoma State. Texas made it to the Big 12 Conference Championship Game, losing to Colorado, a school they had beaten by a substantial margin earlier in the year. Many felt that Texas would have played in the BCS Championship game had they beaten Colorado. A similar opportunity presented itself in 2002. After Oklahoma beat Texas, they lost to Texas A&M and Oklahoma State. However, Texas had suffered a loss to Texas Tech so they did not make the championship game.

In 2003, Texas finished the regular season with a 10-2 regular season record and most observers felt they had the resume to reach their first BCS bowl under Brown. However, when South Champion (and #1 ranked) Oklahoma lost to North Champion Kansas State in the Big 12 championship game, Kansas State received the Big 12 conference's automatic BCS bid as conference champion and joined Oklahoma in the BCS. The BCS rules specified that no more than 2 teams from a single conference could go. Texas was frozen out.

Although Brown consistently led the Longhorns to a bowl game to cap off each season, his first six years he was not able to lead them to a Bowl Championship Series game, having to settle each year for the Holiday Bowl or Cotton Bowl Classic. His record in these games was 3 and 3, with two of the 3 losses coming at the hands of supposedly inferior teams as judged by the rankings headed into the games.

2004 season

In 2004, the Longhorns began the season with a #7 ranking nationally and started out with a 65-0 blowout of North Texas, setting several UT school records in the process. This was followed by a narrow 22-20 win against unranked Arkansas. They defeated Rice and Baylor 35-13 and 44-14 respectively.

This left them ranked fifth coming into the annual matchup with then #2 Oklahoma in the Red River Shootout. Oklahoma shut-out the Longhorns 12-0. Texas dropped to #9, before rebounding with wins over #24 Missouri 28-20, at #24 Texas Tech 51-21, and at Colorado 31-7.

Then Texas set a record for the largest come from-behind-win in school history, beating #19 Oklahoma State 56-35 after falling behind 7-35. After this performance, Texas again fell behind against Kansas but squeaked out a win 27-23. Kansas head coach Mark Mangino stirred up controversy by claiming that the officials were biased in favor of Texas.

The series of victories brought Texas back up to #5 in the rankings as they welcomed arch-rival Texas A&M to Austin and won 26-13. However, Oklahoma stood undefeated, which meant the Sooners would represent the Big 12 South in the Championship game against a much lower ranked team from the North Division. Once again, the loss to Oklahoma had kept Texas out of playing for a National or Conference Title, and had seemingly destined them to non-Bowl Championship Series bowl as well.

However, Brown began lobbying the voters in the two polls based on human voters (one on college football coaches, the other on Associated Press writers) to place the Longhorns high enough in the rankings to ensure they received a Bowl Championship Series (BCS) bowl-bid. The arcane rules of the BCS were such that Texas might get left out of the 8 chosen teams even though they ranked 5th nationally. Lobbying by Brown and his brother, et al., gave the Longhorns the sufficient swing votes they needed to make it into the Rose Bowl, one of the four BCS bowls. This lobbying effort and ensuing result led to criticism of Brown for playing politics to get his team into a top bowl.
The appearance in the "Grand-daddy" of all bowl games was the first visit by the Longhorns, due mainly to the fact that the Rose Bowl traditionally pitted the winner of the Pac-10 against the winner of the Big Ten. Texas' opponent was Michigan, whom Texas was playing for the very first time. Texas won the game 38-37 on a last second field goal kick by Longhorn Dusty Mangum in what had been called one of the greatest Rose Bowl games of all time.

Ironically, Brown followed up a strong 2004 season on the field with a less successful 2005 recruiting season. Brown, who long had been criticized for recruiting top talent but not achieving the highest possible results, began to receive criticism for missing out on top recruits, especially for missing out on quarterback Ryan Perrilloux, who ended up not following through on his verbal commitment to sign with Texas.

Despite the success of the 2004 season, Coach Brown's resume was still lacking a conference championship, let alone a national championship. The 2005 season offered an opportunity to add those credentials.

2005 season

Save for redshirt Junior Quarterback Vince Young, many of Texas' key players from the previous season, including running back Cedric Benson, linebacker Derrick Johnson and tight end Bo Scaife, did not return for the 2005 season. However, Texas was given a pre-season #2 ranking (behind defending National Champions University of Southern California) by Sports Illustrated magazine, and was also ranked second in the AP and USA Today coaches pre-season polls.

Texas scored a decisive 45-12 victory over Oklahoma. That marked the 6th time the Longhorns have entered the contest ranked 2nd nationally, and they have won all six times. With the win, Texas started the season 5-0 for the first time since 1983. That was the last time UT had national title hopes, ending the regular season 11-0 before losing to Georgia in the Cotton Bowl Classic.

After the win over previously undefeated Texas Tech, Texas moved into first place in the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) standings for the first time since the BCS creation. The BCS formula, which takes into account strength of schedule, allowed Texas to advance in the rankings since they defeated a previously unbeaten team, while University of Southern California beat Washington, a 1-6 team.

Texas' place at the top of the BCS rankings lasted only one week. On October 29, Texas beat an Oklahoma State University Cowboys team that had struggled so far that season. Despite OSU's 0-5 start to conference play, Texas found themselves behind early in the game and for the third straight year, Texas found themselves trailing a lower-ranked Oklahoma State team at half-time. For the third straight year, Texas came from behind to win by a sizable margin. Vince Young set a school record for rushing yards in a game by a quarterback with 267, and accounted for 506 total yards of offense to lead the team to victory. Over the past 3 meetings between the two schools, the Longhorns outscored the Cowboys by a combined second-half score of 118 to 0.

Texas retained the top spot in the computer rankings, but not by enough to stay ahead of USC overall.  After both teams won all their remaining games, USC and Texas were ranked 1 and 2, respectively; Texas then defeated USC 41-38 in the Rose Bowl, winning the National Championship.

On January 11, 2006, Brown was named the Paul "Bear" Bryant College Football Coach of the Year.  Not since Darrell Royal's victory in 1963 has a coach from The University of Texas at Austin been given this honor. Voted by the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association, this award not only affirms the talent, skills and vision of Coach Mack Brown but strengthens the athletic and academic record achieved during his UT tenure. Eighteen players on the 2006 Rose Bowl roster entered the game with the coursework for their college degree complete.

2006 season

As the defending national champions, Texas began the season ranked #2 in the polls, but having to replace the NFL-departed quarterback Vince Young with freshman Colt McCoy. After winning their opener, the Longhorns in game two lost convincingly to #1 ranked Ohio State in Austin. The Horns rebounded to win seven straight (including a second straight win over nemesis Oklahoma) to climb into the Big 12 South driver's seat and entertain thoughts of a rematch with Ohio State in the national championship. However, in the season's 10th game, McCoy was injured and Texas was shocked on the road by Kansas State. After the loss, the Horns returned home still needing just one win to clinch the Big 12 South. However, even though McCoy returned Texas was again shocked, losing 12-7 to intrastate rival Texas A&M. The loss snapped UT's 6-game winning streak over the Aggies. Settling for the Alamo Bowl, Texas defeated a 6–6 Iowa team in a close game.

2007 season

As Mack Brown entered his 10th season as the head coach of the Texas Longhorns he had a won/loss record of 93 22 and he had the best winning percentage (.809) of any coach in Longhorn history. The 2007 Texas Longhorns football team began play on September 1, 2007. Texas entered the 2007 season ranked third in the all-time list of both total wins and winning percentage. They are ranked in the Top 10 by numerous pre-season polls. For instance, a pre-season ranking by ESPN writer Mark Schlabach has the Longhorns ranked eighth; Rivals.com has them at ninth.  College Football News and Real Football 365 both have the Longhorns ranked third. The Longhorns come into the season ranked fourth in both the Coaches Poll and AP Poll.

Prior to the season, two Longhorns were arrested for driving while intoxicated and will serve three-game suspensions; two other players were arrested on armed robbery charges and were removed from the team.  Brown said "I am extremely disappointed that four of our student-athletes have had issues with the law this summer. That is not reflective of the high standard of class, character and integrity we have established at Texas for many years. It's a shame that these recent events have generated a great deal of negative attention, because I do think that overall, this is as good of a group of kids that I’ve ever coached. I think that will show over time."

For the second straight year, UT merchandise were the top-selling products among clients of Collegiate Licensing Company.  UT is using part of the money to give Mack Brown a raise. The University of Texas Board of Regents voted unanimously to raise Brown's salary by $300,000. This brings his annual compensation to $2.81 million and keeps him among the five highest paid coaches in the sport. The package also includes up to $3 million in bonuses, including "$100,000 if he wins the Big 12 Championship and $450,000 if he wins this year's national championship, as well as bonuses based on the percent of players who graduate."  Brown's contract is good through the 2016 season and includes buy-out clauses should another school attempt to hire Brown.

Texas won their first four games although three of them were closer than analysts had expected.  Following that, Texas was upset by the Kansas State Wildcats 41–21. Kansas State had no turnovers and scored 21 points on defense and special teams.  They scored one touchdown on a punt return, one on a kick return, and one on an interception. Previously, Texas had never allowed all three types of scores in a single season.  The 41 points were the most scored against Texas in Austin since UCLA handed the Longhorns a 66–3 loss in 1997, and it was the worst home defeat in the Mack Brown era at Texas.  Texas lost again the following week in the 2007 Red River Shootout, 28–21.  With that loss, Texas opened conference play 0–2 for the first time since 1956, when they were in the Southwest Conference and one year before Darrell Royal became head coach of the Longhorns.  In their ninth regular season game, Texas outscored Nebraska 28-25, marking Brown's 100th win at Texas. In their next two games, the Longhorns would defeat Oklahoma State and Texas Tech, but in their final matchup against archrival Texas A&M, the Longhorns lost 30–38. This marked the Longhorns' second straight loss to the Aggies. Despite the loss, Texas went to the Holiday Bowl to defeat 11th-ranked Arizona State 52–34. The Longhorns finished the season 10–3, marking their seventh consecutive 10-win season. This streak became the third highest in FBS history, trailing Florida State's 14 from 1987 to 1900 and Miami's 8 from 1985 to 1992.

2008 season

The 2008 Texas Longhorns football team entered the season ranked 10th in the USA Today Coaches Poll.  They won their first four games to rise to number 5 in the national rankings. Texas began Big 12 Conference play on October 4, 2008 with a trip to Boulder, Colorado and a win over the Colorado Buffaloes. On October 11, 2008 they defeated the number-one ranked Oklahoma Sooners in the 103rd Red River Shootout. It was the third UT win in four seasons, and the first time in Brown's tenure for either team to upset the other in the Red River Shootout.

Following the victory over OU, the Longhorns vaulted up the standings to first place in the AP, ESPN/USA Today, and Harris Polls.  In their next game they secured a win over #11 Missouri in Austin, setting a new school, state, and conference attendance record in the process.  It was the first time since 1977 for the Longhorns to play a home football game as the #1 team in the AP.  They were ranked #1 in the first BCS standings of 2008.  Texas defending the first-place ranking by beating another top-ten team, the Oklahoma State Cowboys.  They lost to Texas Tech in the final second of the game and fell to #4 in the BCS rankings.

The Longhorns entered 2008 as the third most victorious program in college football history, in terms of both total wins and win percentage. Only Notre Dame and the University of Michigan had won more games and a greater percentage of games played than Texas, On November 8, 2008, Texas' 45–21 victory over Baylor was the 829th win for the UT football program, which tied Notre Dame for 2nd in the list of total wins.  Notre Dame lost later the same day, leaving the two teams tied.  Texas pulled ahead of Notre Dame at the end of the regular season, to take sole possession of #2 on the list.

Texas won a road game against Kansas 35–7; ensuring their eighth consecutive season with ten or more wins per season.  That is the longest active streak in the nation and it ties them with Miami (1985–92) for the second-longest streak of all-time.

Texas finished the 2008 regular season with a win over Texas A&M, the Longhorns longest running-rivalry opponent.  The biggest margin of victory in the history of the series occurred when Texas beat A&M 48–0 in 1898.  Texas nearly equaled that record this year by producing a 49–9 victory, the second-largest margin of victory for this rivalry series. It was also the 200th career win for Mack Brown, and it set a new attendance record for UT, the State of Texas, the Big 12 Conference, and the southwest region.  This left Texas in a three-way tie (with Oklahoma and Texas Tech) for the Big 12 South championship, which created a controversy over BCS rankings and conference tie-breaking procedures.

Texas defeated Ohio State 24-21 in the 2009 Fiesta Bowl to finish the season 12-1.

2009 season

In 2009, the Longhorns started the season ranked #2 nationally. Back-to-back blowouts over non-conference teams Louisiana-Monroe and Wyoming were followed up with a 10 point victory at home over rival Texas Tech. A victory over UTEP was followed by a decisive but sloppy win over Colorado, which dropped Texas to #3 nationally.

Texas defeated #21 Oklahoma in the Red River Rivalry game 16-13. Quarterback Colt McCoy's touchdown-saving tackle following an interception late in the game was followed up with a game-sealing interception by Aaron Williams to defeat the Sooners.

The Longhorns then won five straight games by 27 points or more. A 41-7 victory over Missouri was followed up with a 41-14 win over #13 Oklahoma State, which put the Longhorns back to #2 in the AP Poll. Texas then beat UCF, Baylor and Kansas by a combined 96 points. Texas clinched a spot in the Big 12 championship game by winning the Southern division following the victory over Kansas. McCoy became the all-time winningest quarterback in college football following the Kansas win, a record that lasted two years before being bested by Kellen Moore at Boise State. In their final regular season contest, the Longhorns beat Texas A&M Aggies, 49-39.

Texas defeated #21 Nebraska in a controversial Big 12 Championship Game 13-12. On the play immediately prior to kicker Hunter Lawrence's game-winning field goal, McCoy threw away a pass as time appeared to expire. Video replay showed that McCoy's pass hit a stadium railing out of bounds with :01 left, allowing Texas to kick the winning field goal to advance to the BCS title game.

In the BCS National Championship Game, Texas lost to #1-ranked Alabama 37-21. McCoy suffered an injury early in the game, and backup quarterback Garrett Gilbert threw four interceptions. The game is the last BCS Championship or College Football Playoff game the Longhorns have played in as of 2022.

2010-2013
Brown coached the Longhorns for four more seasons after the championship loss. In 2010, the team had a losing record and did not play in a bowl game for the first and only time under Brown. The period peaked with a nine win season and Alamo Bowl victory in 2012. On December 14, 2013, he announced his resignation as head coach following the end of the season. In Brown's final game at Texas, the Longhorns lost 30-7 to the #10 Oregon Ducks in the Alamo Bowl.

After Texas
Brown was out of coaching for five years following his resignation at Texas. He returned as head coach at North Carolina for the 2019 season, and remains in the position as of the 2022 season.

Brown's Legacy to Date
Texas Longhorns' Head Coach Mack Brown's year-by-year records (with bowl appearances) are as follows:

Texas finished 158-48 (0.766) under Head Coach Mack Brown, and 98-33 (0.748) in Big 12 Conference play. The team played in the Big 12 Conference through the duration of Brown's tenure, and in the South division until 2011 following the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the conference. The Longhorns were 10-5 in bowl games under Brown and were bowl-eligible for 15 of 16 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998 to 2009. Brown won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and the National Championship once (2005).

After Brown
On November 18, 2008, The University of Texas announced that Longhorn defensive coordinator Will Muschamp would succeed Mack Brown as head football coach, though there was no timetable set for Brown's departure and both Brown and UT said they expected Brown to stay a long time. Following the Longhorns' 5-7 season in 2010, Muschamp accepted the head coaching position at the University of Florida.

Charlie Strong was hired from the University of Louisville to replace Brown for the 2014 season, but was fired following the 2015 season after posting an 11-14 record.

Tom Herman replaced Strong for the 2016 season. Herman went 32-18 in four seasons as head coach. His time featured a conference runner-up finish in 2018 and a 4-0 bowl record, including a Sugar Bowl victory over Georgia in 2018. Despite his relative success, Herman was fired on January 2, 2021.

Steve Sarkisian replaced Herman, and had a 5-7 record in the 2021 season. The 2022 season showed much improvement, with Texas earning a bowl berth and appearing in the AP Poll and College Football Playoff Poll.

Notable statistics and accomplishments
2005 NCAA Football National Championship (game played in January, 2006)
2005 Big 12 Conference Championship
11 consecutive winning seasons
11 consecutive bowl game appearances
Big 12 Conference record 21 consecutive conference wins from 2004–2006.
Player awards at Texas under Brown include a Heisman Trophy winner (Ricky Williams), two Maxwell Award winners (Ricky Williams, Vince Young), a Davey O'Brien Award Winner, two Doak Walker Award winners, a Butkus Award winner, two Thorpe Award winners and four national player of the year honors. Texas has also had 23 All-Americans, 37 first-team All-Big 12 selections, two Big 12 Offensive Players of the Year, two Big 12 Conference Defensive Players of the Year and seven Big 12 Freshman of the Year honorees.
The Longhorns featured the only 3,000-yard passer, the only 2,000-yard rusher, the only 1,000-yard receivers and the only 1,000-yard passer/rusher in UT history.
Brown is one of only three head coaches in NCAA Division I-A history who has coached players that recorded a 2,000-yard rushing season, a 1,000-yard receiving season and a 3,000-yard passing season. Also, Vince Young stands as the first player in NCAA history to rush for 1,000 yards (1,050) and throw for 2,500 yards (3,036) in a single season.
Under Brown's tenure, only four players have left the Texas team for the NFL Draft with any eligibility remaining. The first was Kwame Cavil who went undrafted. Vince Young was drafted third overall in the 2006 NFL Draft. Jamaal Charles and Jermichael Finley both announced they would enter the 2008 NFL Draft. Other players, such as Jevan Snead have elected to transfer to other schools.
Brown was 30-16 against their three main rivals: Texas A&M, Oklahoma, and Texas Tech.
The Longhorns were 10–5 in bowl games under Brown.
Brown is second among all active coaches with 17 consecutive winning seasons, behind only Bobby Bowden with 30.
On November 8, 2008, Texas' 45–21 victory over Baylor was the 829th win for the UT football program, which tied Notre Dame for 2nd in the list of total wins.

Annual salary
Brown's annual salary since his arrival at Texas in 1998 is as follows. Brown will make an additional $100,000 each year, not including incentives.

Salary controversy
In 2009, Brown's salary was increased to $5.1 million (excluding bonuses and incentives) a raise of about $2 million. The raise led to much controversy on the UT campus as it came at a time when academic programs were facing significant cutbacks. On December 14, 2009 the UT faculty council held a special meeting to consider the following resolution

"We appreciate the contributions of the athletic staff and, especially, the student-athletes, to the community of the University of Texas at Austin. However, at a time when students are facing a deteriorating academic environment in the form of declining class offerings and increasing class sizes, and lecturers, teaching assistants, and staff are facing job terminations, we believe a permanent raise of $2 million (a sum greater than the entire career earnings of a typical university employee) offered to any member of the university community is unseemly and inappropriate."

However, Brown's salary is not paid from state tax dollars, unlike nearly all university employees. When asked about the raise, university officials noted that Brown's salary is "paid entirely with money raised by the athletic department revenues. . . No state tax money is used."

Outside of football
Mack Brown is married to his wife, Sally. They have 4 children: Matt Jessee, Katherine Brown, Barbara Wilson, and Chris Jessee.

In Austin, the Browns continue to be active in community affairs, serving as honorary co-chairpersons of the Capital Campaign for the Helping Hands of Austin. The Brown's have been instrumental in the opening of The Rise School of Austin (an early childhood education program that integrates children who have disabilities with their typically developing peers) and serve on the schools Board of Directors. They lent their name along with legendary UT QB James Street to the First Annual James Street/Mack Brown Golf Tournament benefiting The Rise School.

The Browns' have endorsed [a] new Texas license plate, which is designed to raise public awareness for child abuse and neglect and the need for Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) volunteers. After the Aggie Bonfire tragedy at Texas A&M in 1999, the couple initiated a blood drive on the UT campus that attracted more than 250 blood donors."

In October 2006, Mack Brown made a cameo appearance in the television pilot for Friday Night Lights. Early in the show, a resident is heard to say "Who does he think he is? He ain't no Mack Brown." Later in the pilot, the real Mack Brown plays the role of a local football booster quizzing high-school coach Eric Taylor on his pre-game preparation.

References

Texas Longhorns football in the Mack Brown era
Texas Longhorns football


Dingee is a town in northern Victoria, Australia. The town is located in the Shire of Loddon,  north of the state capital, Melbourne.  At the , Dingee and the surrounding area had a population of 206.

Dingee Post Office opened on 12 December 1883, on the arrival of the railway and the opening of Dingee station.

Golfers play at the Calival Golf Club at Dingee.

References

External links

Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Loddon


Billy Lewis "Wild Bill" Shrewsberry (born June 26, 1938) is an American exhibition drag racing driver primarily active throughout the 1960s and 1970s.  Originally from Mansfield, Ohio, Shrewsberry moved to Southern California in October 1962. Shrewsberry is best known as the driver of the drag racing replica of the Barris-built Batmobile from the 1966 television series and of the "L.A. Dart," a series of wheelstanding funny cars each with a rear-mounted, supercharged Chrysler Hemi engine and each sponsored by the Dodge and Plymouth dealers of Los Angeles and Orange Counties.  The result of the rearward weight transfer caused by the engine's mounting position was a "wheelie" for the entire quarter-mile at speeds exceeding .  Steering was accomplished by a combination of the service brake pedal activating the brake on the left wheel while a brake lever from a racing go-kart activated the right brake.  So proficient was Shrewsberry at this sort of driving that he would often spin his car to face the opposite direction at the end of the track and race back to the starting line, all the while maintaining the wheelstand.

He rose to fame in the early 1960s as the driver of one of only six factory-built 1963 Pontiac Tempest Super Duty LeMans-badged coupes and which was campaigned by Mickey Thompson.  These six coupes and six station wagon variants, with their  Pontiac Catalina engines, transmissions and rear ends replacing the Tempest's  engine, rear-mounted Corvair-based transaxle and the small diameter drive shaft often referred to as a "rope" were described as "beyond fast".  Shrewsberry's Pontiac dominated the A/FX factory experimental class in the 1963 NHRA "Winternationals" with a best time of 12.03 seconds in the quarter mile, an average of .5 seconds faster than the competition.  He would later race the car in a modified configuration utilizing Pontiac's "Powershift" transaxle, developed specifically for the Super Duty.  It was, in essence, a pair of two-speed Powerglide automatic transmissions joined together in a single four-speed unit.  His car retains that setup today.

Shrewsberry also helped develop and pilot the Hurst Hemi Under Glass Plymouth Barracuda later driven by Bob Riggle as well as the 1969 Car Craft Magazine giveaway Dodge Dart Swinger painted by the legendary George Barris.  He also participated in the development of the Dodge Little Red Wagon driven by Bill "Maverick" Golden and the Hurst Hairy Olds Oldsmobile 4-4-2 exhibition dragsters each sponsored by Hurst Performance.  Like the "L.A. Dart", the Little Red Wagon and Hemi Under Glass were wheelstanders while the Hurst Hairy Olds had engines both front and rear, each powering an automatic transaxle from an Oldsmobile Toronado.

Shrewsberry's 1970 L.A. Dart was the subject of a 1/25-scale plastic model kit first produced by Model Products Corporation and since reissued by Model King using the original tooling.  That same car, updated for the 1971 season with a 1971 front grille is still owned by Shrewsberry and is undergoing restoration at his son's home in Ridgecrest.  Model kits of the Hemi Under Glass and Hurst Hairy Olds were available as well; the Plymouth was replicated by MPC and Aurora Plastics Corporation while the Olds was available as a kit from Monogram.  In the late 1990s, a 1/64-scale diecast model of the L.A. Dart was issued by Johnny Lightning.  Presently, die-cast model manufacturer Highway 61 produces a 1/18-scale replica of Shrewsberry's Super Duty Tempest (which Highway 61 designers used as the actual basis for the model) as well as the 1966 Hemi Under Glass and 1966 Hurst Hairy Olds.

In 1979, Shrewsberry exhibited a fiberglass 1930 Ford Model A delivery truck sponsored by Knott's Berry Farm.  Dubbed The Berry Wagon and painted by custom car builder Ed Roth, the hemi-powered wheelstander was capable of more than  in the quarter-mile, again on its rear bumper.

He maintains a small but important collection of automobiles.  In addition to the 1970–71 L.A. Dart, Shrewsberry still owns his 1972 L.A. Dart funny car with flip-up body, his original 1963 Super Duty Tempest (one of only four remaining), the 1965 Hemi Under Glass Barracuda, the Knott's Berry Wagon, a 1964 Mercury Comet Caliente 427 which he raced in A/FX that year with Jack Chrisman (one of only 50 built and similar to Ford's Fairlane Thunderbolt), a factory lightweight 1964 Ford Galaxie and until its sale to a collector/dealer in 2010, a 1966 Ford Mustang GT convertible.  Purchased new for US$2871.00, the Mustang is a highly optioned black-on-black car with a high-performance  engine, four-speed manual transmission, manual front disc brakes, limited slip differential, deluxe "pony" interior, styled steel wheels, center console and the "lighting group" package which added underhood and trunk lighting.  It is also fitted with an extremely rare 8000 RPM Rally-Pac tachometer and clock accessory.  The car is in nearly original condition, having accumulated slightly more than  since new.  This was due in large part to his relationship with Dodge the following year.

Though retired from racing, Shrewsberry maintains a relationship with the NHRA museum in Pomona and is often a keynote speaker at car club meets.  He resides in the Coachella Valley where he pursues a hobby in model aviation and where the two L.A Dart cars are presently undergoing restoration.

References

External links
Photos of Bill at a Batmobile event in February 2009 from 1966batmobile.com
Photos of an example of the Johnny Lightning L.A. Dart at ioffer.com
Photo gallery and histories at gilchristbnw.com
Photo of the 1968 L.A. Dart in action at flikr.com
List of Model King reissues including the MPC L.A. Dart and an enhanced decal sheet at modelroundup.com

1938 births
Living people
Dragster drivers
Sportspeople from Mansfield, Ohio
Racing drivers from Ohio
Racing drivers from California


Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "Bistra voda" ( in English" Clear water") written by Aleksandar Čović. The song was performed by the band Regina. On 12 January 2009, the Bosnian broadcaster Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHRT) revealed that they had internally selected Regina to compete at the 2009 contest in Moscow, Russia. Their song, "Bistra voda", was presented to the public during a show entitled BH Eurosong Show 2009 on 1 March 2009.

Bosnia and Herzegovina was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 12 May 2009. Performing as the closing entry during the show in position 18, "Bistra voda" was announced among the 10 qualifying entries of the first semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 16 May. It was later revealed that Bosnia and Herzegovina placed third out of the 18 participating countries in the semi-final with 125 points. In the final, Bosnia and Herzegovina performed in position 12 and placed ninth out of the 25 participating countries, scoring 106 points.

Background

Prior to the 2009 contest, Bosnia and Herzegovina had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fourteen times since its first entry in . The nation's best placing in the contest was third, which it achieved in 2006 with the song "Lejla" performed by Hari Mata Hari. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the , Bosnia and Herzegovina has, up to this year, managed to qualify on each occasion the nation has participated and compete in the final. Bosnia and Herzegovina's least successful result has been 22nd place, which they have achieved in .

The Bosnian national broadcaster, Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHRT), broadcasts the event within Bosnia and Herzegovina and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. BHRT confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest on 18 November 2008. The broadcaster had selected the Bosnian entry through an internal selection process since , a selection procedure that was continued for their 2009 entry.

Before Eurovision

Internal selection
On 15 November 2008, the broadcaster opened the submission period for artists and composers to submit their entries up until 20 December 2008. Artists were required to be citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while songwriters could be of any nationality. 79 submissions were received at the closing of the deadline, including an entry from 2006 Bosnian Eurovision entrant Hari Mata Hari. On 12 January 2009, BHRT announced that they had internally selected the band Regina to represent Bosnia and Herzegovina in Moscow with the song "Bistra voda" which was written by band member Aleksandar Čović. Band member Davor Ebner previously attempted to represent Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001, performed together with Grunti Bugli in the national final and placing joint seventh with the song "Ko mi te uze". The seven-member selection committee that determined Regina and the song to be performed at the contest consisted of Dejan Kukrić (Bosnian Head of Delegation at the Eurovision Song Contest), Jasmin Ferović (music editor at BH Radio 1), Adnan Mušanović (music producer of MP BHRT), Goran Kovačić (musician), Miroslav Maraus (composer and arranger), Damir Imamović (musician) and Mahir Sarihodžić (producer).

"Bistra voda" was presented during a television special entitled BH Eurosong Show 2009 on 1 March 2009, which was held at the BHRT Studio A in Sarajevo and hosted by Dejan Kukrić, Maja Čengić and Aida Halilović. The show was broadcast on BHT 1 and BH Radio 1 as well as streamed online via the broadcaster's website bhrt.ba and the official Eurovision Song Contest website eurovision.tv. In addition to the presentation of the song, the show featured guest performances by 1964 Yugoslav Eurovision entrant Sabahudin Kurt, 1998, 2005 and 2009 Maltese Eurovision entrant Chiara, 2004 and 2009 Greek Eurovision entrant Sakis Rouvas, 2006 Macedonian Eurovision entrant Elena Risteska, 2008 Bosnian Eurovision entrant Laka, 2009 Macedonian Eurovision entrant Next Time, 2009 Montenegrin Eurovision entrant Andrea Demirović, 2009 Slovenian Eurovision entrants Quartissimo and Martina Majerle, 2009 Turkish Eurovision entrant Hadise and 2009 British Eurovision entrant Jade Ewen. A Bosnian language version, English language version and Russian language version of the song were prepared, with the song being performed in Bosnian at the Eurovision Song Contest.

Promotion
Regina made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Bistra voda" as the Bosnian Eurovision entry. The band appeared during the final of the Macedonian Eurovision national final Skopje Fest 2009 on 21 February and performed "Bistra voda" during the semi-final of the Serbian Eurovision national final Beovizija 2009 on 7 March. Between 10 and 12 April, the band performed as a special guest for 1999 Bosnian Eurovision entrant Dino Merlin's concerts that were held in Gothenburg and Malmö, Sweden as well as in Horsens, Denmark. On 18 April, Regina performed during the Eurovision in Concert event, which was held at the Amsterdam Marcanti venue in Amsterdam, Netherlands and hosted by Marga Bult and Maggie MacNeal. The band also took part in promotional activities in Albania, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia and Turkey which included several television and radio appearances.

At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 30 January 2009, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals. Bosnia and Herzegovina was placed into the first semi-final, to be held on 12 May 2009. The running order for the semi-finals was decided through another draw on 16 March 2009 and Bosnia and Herzegovina was set to perform last in position 18, following the entry from Malta.

The two semi-finals and the final were broadcast in Bosnia and Herzegovina on BHT 1 and BH Radio 1 with commentary by Dejan Kukrić. The Bosnian spokesperson, who announced the Bosnian votes during the final, was Laka who represented Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008.

Semi-final
Regina took part in technical rehearsals on 4 and 8 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 11 and 12 May. The Bosnian performance featured the members of Regina being joined on stage by two drummers. During the climax of the song, all performers moved to the front of the stage with one of the drummers displaying a red flag in the air using a wind machine. According to the band, the performers' white costumes emphasized Russian aristocracy, while the predominantly red staging symbolised Russia and the message of "Bistra voda" being a love revolution. The creative director for the Bosnian performance was Boris Miljković. The two drummers that joined Regina were: Danijela Večerinović and Elma Selimović.

At the end of the show, Bosnia and Herzegovina was announced as having finished in the top 10 and subsequently qualifying for the grand final. It was later revealed that Bosnia and Herzegovina placed third in the semi-final, receiving a total of 125 points.

Final
Shortly after the first semi-final, a winners' press conference was held for the ten qualifying countries. As part of this press conference, the qualifying artists took part in a draw to determine the running order for the final. This draw was done in the order the countries appeared in the semi-final running order. Bosnia and Herzegovina was drawn to perform in position 12, following the entry from Azerbaijan and before the entry from Moldova.

Regina once again took part in dress rehearsals on 15 and 16 May before the final, including the jury final where the professional juries cast their final votes before the live show. The band performed a repeat of their semi-final performance during the final on 16 May. At the conclusion of the voting, Bosnia and Herzegovina finished in ninth place with 106 points.

Voting
The voting system for 2009 involved each country awarding points from 1-8, 10 and 12, with the points in the final being decided by a combination of 50% national jury and 50% televoting. Each nation's jury consisted of five music industry professionals who are citizens of the country they represent. This jury judged each entry based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury was permitted to be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently.

Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Bosnia and Herzegovina had placed seventh with the public televote and twelfth with the jury vote in the final. In the public vote, Bosnia and Herzegovina scored 124 points, while with the jury vote, Bosnia and Herzegovina scored 90 points.

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Bosnia and Herzegovina and awarded by Bosnia and Herzegovina in the first semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Turkey in the semi-final and to Croatia in the final of the contest.

Points awarded to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Points awarded by Bosnia and Herzegovina

Detailed voting results
The following members comprised the Bosnian jury:

 Vesna Andree-Zaimović – musicologist
 Adi Mulahalilović – producer
 Maja Tatić – singer, represented Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2002 contest
 Damir Šehanović – journalist
 Miroslav Maraus – musician

References

2009
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Eurovision


Kaihua County () is a county under the jurisdiction of Quzhou city in Zhejiang Province of the People's Republic of China. It is located in the westernmost portion of Zhejiang, and is the source of the Qiantang River. The district's total area is 2224 square kilometers, and its population is 340,000 people. The district's postal code is 324300.  The district government is located at 54 Jiefang Street, in the town of Chengguan. Forests cover 79.2% of Kaihua County, making it a key county for forestry in Zhejiang and in China as a whole.

Gutianshan National Nature Reserve is located within Kaihua County.

Administrative regions

The county administers nine towns and nine rural villages.

Towns: Chengguan, Huabu, Majin, Chihuai, Cuntou, Tongcun, Yanglin, Suzhuang, and Qixi.

Rural villages: Yinkeng, Linshan, Zhongcun, Jincun, Zhangwan, Changjiang, Hetian, Tangwu, and Daxibian.

Climate

Tourist attractions
Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park is a famous scenic spot in the county.

References

County-level divisions of Zhejiang
Quzhou


William MacBrien may refer to:

W. A. H. MacBrien, Canadian hockey executive
William Ross MacBrien (1913–1986), Canadian air marshal

See also
William C. McBrien (1889–1954), Canadian businessman


Latvia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "Probka" written by Kārlis Lācis, Jānis Elsbergs and Sergejs Timofejevs. The song was performed by Intars Busulis. The Latvian broadcaster Latvijas Televīzija (LTV) organised the national final Eirodziesma 2009 in order to select the Latvian entry for the 2009 contest in Moscow, Russia. Twenty songs were selected to compete in the national final, which consisted of two shows: a semi-final and a final. In the semi-final, ten entries were selected to advance based on a public vote. Ten songs ultimately qualified to compete in the final on 28 February 2009 where two rounds of voting by the public and a five-member jury panel selected "Sastrēgums" performed by Intars Busulis as the winner. The song was later translated from Latvian to Russian for the Eurovision Song Contest and was titled "Probka".

Latvia was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 14 May 2009. Performing during the show in position 3, "Probka" was not among the 10 qualifying entries of the second semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Latvia placed nineteenth (last) out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 7 points.

Background

Prior to the 2009 contest, Latvia had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest nine times since its first entry in 2000. Latvia won the contest once in 2002 with the song "I Wanna" performed by Marie N. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004, Latvia was able to qualify to compete in the final between 2005 and 2008 including with their 2008 entry "Wolves of the Sea" performed by Pirates of the Sea. Despite a possible boycott to be held between the three Baltic states due to the Russian participation in the 2008 South Ossetia war in Georgia as announced by Estonian Minister of Culture Laine Jänes, Latvijas Televīzija (LTV), which broadcasts the event within Latvia and organises the selection process for the nation's entry, confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest on 26 August 2008. Latvia has selected their entries for the Eurovision Song Contest through a national final. Since their debut in 2000, LTV had organised the selection show Eirodziesma and on 3 November 2008, the broadcaster announced that they would organise Eirodziesma 2009 in order to select the Latvian entry for the 2009 contest.

On 17 December 2008, it was revealed that LTV had requested to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) their withdrawal from the 2009 contest due to budget cuts of 2 million Lats (over €3 million) by the Latvian government that led to the forced cancellation of planned shows for 2009 including Eirodziesma 2009. After talks between the two parties for a way that the nation could participate in the contest, LTV confirmed their withdrawal on 20 December 2008 without being penalised for withdrawing three days after the deadline. However, the EBU announced that Latvia would still participate on 12 January 2009 after a lowered participation fee was granted to LTV, while LTV confirmed the continued organisation of Eirodziesma 2009 on 23 January 2009 after securing sponsorships and a cooperation agreement with the Ventspils Development Agency and Ventspils City Council.

Before Eurovision

Eirodziesma 2009
Eirodziesma 2009 was the tenth edition of Eirodziesma, the music competition that selects Latvia's entries for the Eurovision Song Contest. The competition commenced with the semi-final on 27 February 2009 and concluded with a final on 28 February 2009. All shows in the competition took place at the Olympic Center in Ventspils, hosted by Uģis Joksts and Kristīne Virsnīte and broadcast on LTV1 as well as online via the broadcaster's official Eurovision Song Contest website eirovizija.lv.

Format
The format of the competition consisted of two shows: a semi-final and a final. The semi-final, held on 27 February 2009, featured twenty competing entries facing a public vote where the top ten advanced to the final. The final, held on 28 February 2009, selected the Latvian entry for Moscow from the remaining ten entries over two rounds of voting: the first round selected the top three songs as determined by the 50/50 combination of votes from a jury panel and a public vote, and the second round (superfinal) selected the winner exclusively by a public vote. The initial format was to broadcast five shows: three semi-finals each featuring nine competing entries from which three would advance directly to the final, a Second Chance round from which one would proceed to the final. However, such plans was later cancelled. Both the jury and public vote assigned points from 1 to 10 based on ranking in the first round of the final, with the first place receiving one point and last place receiving ten points. Viewers were able to vote via telephone up to five times or via SMS with a single SMS counting as five votes.

Competing entries
Artists and songwriters were able to submit their entries to the broadcaster between 3 November 2008 and 30 November 2008. All artists and songwriters were required to have Latvian citizenship or residency, however foreign collaborations were allowed as long as one-thirds of the composition were by Latvian songwriters. 108 entries were submitted at the conclusion of the submission period. A jury panel appointed by LTV evaluated the submitted songs and selected twenty-one entries for the competition. The jury panel consisted of Daina Markova (musicologist and content editor at LTV), Raimonds Macats (musician and composer), Aivars Hermanis (musician and producer), Ance Krauze (singer and vocal teacher), Dace Pūce (director and producer), Jegors Jerohomovičs (music critic and cultural journalist), Edmunds Kaševskis (producer at Radio SWH) and members of the LTV Eurovision team: Iveta Lepeško, Zita Kaminska, Arvīds Babris, Baiba Saleniece and Uldis Salenieks. The twenty-one competing artists and songs were announced on 9 December 2008. Among the artists was Valters Frīdenbergs who represented Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 as part of Walters and Kazha.

On 12 January 2009, Kristīna Zaharova withdrew "I Wish I Could Pretend" from the competition in favour of the song competing in the 2009 Irish Eurovision national final. On 13 February 2009, LTV announced that the song "In Love We Trust" would be performed by Policistas instead of Aisha, Ella and Olga, while the song "Have to Say Goodbye" would be performed by Astra Dreimane instead of Madara Celma.

Shows

Semi-final
The semi-final took place on 27 February 2009. Twenty acts competed and the ten entries with the highest number of votes from the public qualified to the final.

Final
The final took place on 28 February 2009. The ten entries that qualified from the semi-final competed and the winner was selected over two rounds of voting. In the first round, three songs advanced to the second round, the superfinal, based on the combination of votes from a jury panel and the Latvian public. In the superfinal, the song with the highest number of votes from the public, "Sastrēgums" performed by Intars Busulis, was declared the winner. The jury panel that voted in the final consisted of Daiga Mazvērsīte (musicologist), Jānis Lūsēns (composer), Aivars Hermanis (musician and producer), Jolanta Gulbe (singer and vocal teacher) and Edmunds Kaševskis (producer at Radio SWH).

In addition to the performances of the competing entries, guest performers included participant Kristīna Zaharova, 2004 Latvian Eurovision entrant Fomins and Kleins, 2008 Latvian Eurovision entrant Pirates of the Sea, 2009 Lithuanian Eurovision entrant Sasha Son and 2009 Polish Eurovision entrant Lidia Kopania.

Ratings

Preparation
On 1 March, it was announced that "Sastrēgums" would be translated from Latvian to Russian for the Eurovision Song Contest, titled "Probka" with lyrics by Sergejs Timofejevs. The official music video for the song was released on 24 March.

At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 30 January 2009, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals. Latvia was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 14 May 2009. The running order for the semi-finals was decided through another draw on 16 March 2009 and Latvia was set to perform in position 3, following the entry from Ireland and before the entry from Serbia.

The two semi-finals and the final were broadcast in Latvia on LTV1 with all shows featuring commentary by Kārlis Streips. The Latvian spokesperson, who announced the Latvian votes during the final, was Roberto Meloni.

Semi-final
Intars Busulis took part in technical rehearsals on 5 and 8 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 13 and 14 May. The Latvian performance featured Intars Busulis wearing a blue jacket with circular badges, a blue shirt and a red tie, joined on stage by a keyboard player, two guitarists and two backing vocalists. Busulis interacted with the other performers during the performance, while the LED screens displayed the silhouette of a city and a road signpost that mentioned the names of several European cities: Stockholm, Brussels, Riga, Rome, Berlin, Oslo and Yerevan. The director for the Latvian performance was Viktors Runtulis. The musicians that joined Intars Busulis were: Gints Pabērzs, the co-composer of "Probka" Kārlis Lācis and Kaspars Zemītis, while the two backing vocalists were Jolanta Strikaite and Vineta Elksne.

At the end of the show, Latvia was not announced among the top 10 entries in the second semi-final and therefore failed to qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Latvia placed nineteenth (last) in the semi-final, receiving a total of 7 points.

Voting
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Latvia and awarded by Latvia in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Estonia in the semi-final and to Norway in the final of the contest.

Points awarded to Latvia

Points awarded by Latvia

Detailed voting results

References

2009
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Eurovision


The Chung-Shan Building () is part of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall complex. Completed in 1966, the building is located in the Yangmingshan National Park in Taipei, Taiwan. The building is placed on the reverse of the 100 New Taiwan Dollar bill. The building was used as the meeting venue of the National Assembly and off limits to the general public until the National Assembly's suspension in 2005, and now serves as a location for hosting ceremonies by the President of the Republic of China for state visits and conferences.

History
In 1965, with a view to commemorate Sun Yat-sen's centennial birthday and to revive traditional Chinese culture, President Chiang Kai-shek appointed architect Ms. Xiu Zelan to design the Chungshan Hall. Thousands of military veterans finished this construction within 13 months.  Chungshan Hall once served as an exclusive convention site for the defunct National Assembly of the Republic of China, and an eminent locale for the head of state to receive distinguished foreign guests or host state banquets. Interiors at the hall are preserved as they were during the period in which it witnessed important scenes of constitutional development and historical events in the Republic of China.  The government has designated the Chungshan Hall as a historical monument.

Architecture
Chungshan Hall occupies a field of more than 130,000 square meters, and the building itself takes a dimension of over 18,000 square meters and 34 meters in height.  Situated in the sulfurous area of Yangmingshan, the structure is firmly founded on a ground base composed of mixtures of soft and hard soil, rocks and mud.  The Chungshan Hall is a rarity of large-size edifice in the world that is erected directly at a sulfuric-gas spurting pit.

The interior embellishments include over 400 hand crafted palace lanterns, mother-of-pearl inlaid furniture, ceiling, design of doors and windows, and color drawings of pillars.

Events
 10th National Congress of the Kuomintang
 12th National Congress of the Kuomintang

See also
 Zhongshan Hall
 Nanjing Great Hall of the People
 Great Hall of the People

References

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20100111060050/http://www.yatsen.gov.tw/chungsan/
 http://blog.xuite.net/rita5031/blog/28237632

1966 establishments in Taiwan
Historic sites in Taiwan
Tourist attractions in Taipei
Buildings and structures in Taipei
Government buildings completed in 1966


CKKO-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts a classic rock format on 96.3 FM in Kelowna, British Columbia. The station uses the on-air branding K 96.3 and the slogan "Kelowna's Classic Rock".

Originally owned by Sun Country Cablevision and currently owned by Stingray Group, the station was licensed on March 14, 2008. The station officially launched on November 4, 2008, playing the song "You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet" by Bachman-Turner Overdrive.

On February 26, 2009, Sun Country Radio Ltd. received CRTC approval to acquire the assets of the radio programming undertaking CKKO-FM Kelowna from Sun Country Cablevision Ltd.

On July 12, 2013, Newcap was denied a licence to change the authorized contours of CKKO by relocating its transmitter to a site on top of Okanagan Mountain and by changing its transmitter class from B to C and its average effective radiated power (ERP) from 10,000 to 6,300 watts (directional antenna with a decrease in maximum ERP from 31,000 to 14,100 watts and an increase in the effective height of the antenna above average terrain from 130.8 to 793 metres). The denial was because the station would focus more on the nearby city of Penticton, where it would compete with other stations in that market, while losing its focus on Kelowna. In addition, the CRTC felt that it would give an unfair advantage in that market, with Newcap already owning CIGV-FM in Penticton.

Former logo

References

External links
K 96.3

KKO
KKO
KKO
Radio stations established in 2008
2008 establishments in British Columbia


The Brunner-Winkle Bird was a three-seat taxi and joy-riding aircraft produced in the US from 1928 to 1931.

Design and operation

The Model A version was powered by the ubiquitous Curtiss OX-5, and featured a welded steel-tube truss fuselage with metal and fabric skinning. The wings, constructed of Spruce and plywood were also covered with metal and fabric skinning. The Model A had a reasonable performance for an OX-5 powered aircraft. The Model A's ease of handling led to its entry into the 1929 Guggenheim Safety Airplane contest, where it was awarded the highest ratings for a standard production aircraft.

The Model A was awarded Group 2 approval no 2-33 in January 1929 for the first nine aircraft serial no. 1000 to 1008. Aircraft serial no. 1009 upwards were manufactured under Air Transport Certificate no. 101.

The Model B followed on from the initial Bird design and was fitted with the uncowled Kinner radial engine. Production aircraft were designated BK.

Variants
Data from: aerofiles.com

Model Aoriginal production version with Curtiss OX-5 engine (ca. 80 built)
Model ATversion with Milwaukee Tank engine (2 converted from Model A)
Model Bversion with Kinner K-5 engine (1 prototype)
Model BKproduction version of Model B (84 built)
Model Cversion with Wright J-5 engine (1 built)
Model CCversion with Curtiss R-600 Challenger engine (1 built)
Model CJversion with Jacobs LA-1 engine (6 built)
Model CKversion with Kinner B-5 engine (50 built)
Model RKexport version of Model CK (1 built)
Model E4-5 seat version with enclosed cabin and Kinner B-5 engine (1 built)
Model Fversion with Packard DR-980 (1 built)

Specifications (Bird Model A)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
(Partial listing, only covers most numerous types)

Alexander Eaglerock
American Eagle A-101
Buhl-Verville CA-3 Airster
Butler Blackhawk
Command-Aire 3C3
Parks P-1
Pitcairn Mailwing
Spartan C3
Stearman C2 and C3
Swallow New Swallow
Travel Air 2000 and 4000
Waco 10

Related lists

 List of aircraft
 List of civil aircraft

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Photos of Brunner-Winkle Bird

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928


Tibor Paul (29 March 190911 November 1973) was a Hungarian-Australian conductor.

He was born in Budapest, Hungary to Antal János Paul, vintner, and his wife Gizella, née Verényi. He studied piano and woodwind under Zoltán Kodály, Hermann Scherchen and Felix Weingartner. In 1930 he founded the Budapest Concert Orchestra. In 1939 he began conducting his own orchestra. He also conducted at the Budapest National Theatre and by 1945 he was principal conductor for the Hungarian Broadcasting Corporation.

In 1948, Paul left for Switzerland. He conducted for the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation and at the opera house in Bern.  He migrated to Australia in 1950. He soon became a conductor with the New South Wales National Opera and a guest conductor with the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC). He taught orchestral and choral conducting at the New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music from 1954.  He was also principal conductor for the Elizabethan Theatre Trust Opera Company in 1954-55. He became an Australian citizen in 1955.

Tibor Paul travelled widely throughout Australia and conducted in every capital city. He was the conductor of the Tasmanian concert attended by the very young Stuart Challender which caused Challender to set his sights on becoming a conductor himself. However, because the ABC was unable to offer Paul sufficient engagements, he made regular trips to Britain, Italy, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Portugal and Austria. He was a vigorous promoter of Australian composers, and he toured Europe and North America in 1958 and included the work of Australians in his concerts.

In 1959 Paul left for Europe with his wife and younger son. He eventually settled in the Republic of Ireland, where he was principal conductor (1961–67) with the Radio Éireann Symphony Orchestra and director of music (1962–67) for Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Dublin.  There he conducted such world premieres as Brian Boydell’s cantata "A Terrible Beauty is Born" in 1966.  He was a co-founder of the Limerick Choral Union, and conducted its first performance on 4 May 1964, Mozart’s Requiem, with soloists including Bernadette Greevy.  With this choir he also led the first performances in Ireland of Beethoven’s Missa Solemnis and Mass in D (1967) and Janáček’s Glagolitic Mass (1968).

He returned to Sydney in October 1968 to conduct the Elizabethan Theatre Trust Orchestra. Over the next six years he divided his time between Australia and Europe. He was chief conductor of the West Australian Symphony Orchestra from 1971, his term, which was to have continued through 1974, being cut short by his death.  In January 1973 he conducted the combined West Australian and South Australian symphony orchestras in a performance to inaugurate the Perth Concert Hall.

He died of a coronary occlusion on 11 November 1973 in his home at Wahroonga, Sydney, survived by his wife and sons.

He had a fiery temperament, a prodigious memory, and seldom conducted from a score.  His controversial manner was a matter of discussion in the Irish Parliament in 1966.

Personal life
On 9 November 1935 he married Maria Penninger in Budapest; they had two sons.

References

External links
 ADB: Tibor Paul

1909 births
1973 deaths
Australian conductors (music)
Hungarian emigrants to Australia
Hungarian male conductors (music)
Hungarian male musicians
Male conductors (music)
Musicians from Budapest
RTÉ Performing Groups
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Australian musicians
20th-century Australian male musicians


Hauptmann (Captain) Benno Fiala Ritter von Fernbrugg (16 June 1890 – 29 October 1964) was an Austro-Hungarian fighter ace with 28 victories to his credit during World War I. He was the third ranking ace of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His honours and decorations included the Order of the Iron Crown, Order of Leopold, Military Merit Cross, Military Merit Medal, Gold Medal for Bravery (Austria-Hungary) and the Iron Cross. He was also a technical innovator who pioneered the use of machine guns, radios, and cameras in airplanes. His forty-year aviation career also included aircraft manufacture, airport management, and the establishment of commercial airlines.

Early life
Benno Fiala von Fernbrugg was born in Vienna to an aristocratic family with a tradition of military service. His father was an artillery officer and his brother in naval aviation. Fiala attended primary and secondary school in Vienna, and went on to major in mechanical engineering at the local University of Technology, becoming an Ingenieur.

He had an early fascination with aviation but was initially refused aviation service, instead being gazetted as an officer in the engineers and assigned to Fort Artillery Regiment 1 in 1910.

Assignment to Aviation

Being assigned to the artillery didn't quash his interest in aviation; his brother was a naval aviator, and Fiala visited airports. While at one, he met Emil Uzelac, Commander of the fledgling air force of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Uzelac arranged Fiala's transfer to Fliegerkompagnie 1 of the Luftfahrtruppen as a technical officer. Fiala completed training as a flying observer on 28 July 1914, the very day Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

In November 1914, Fiala took charge of the locomotive of a supply train and drove it to safety even though it was under attack by Russian troops and he was wounded in the action. He was awarded the Silver Military Merit Medal for this. On 10 November, he also received a most unusual promotion to leutnant (Second Lieutenant) ahead of his sequence in seniority.

Although trained as an observer, Fiala's duties in this beginning of the war consisted mainly of arming planes with machine guns, and experimenting with aerial cameras. He also rigged a 30 kilogram (66 pound) radio transmitter in an unarmed plane. It was used in May 1915 on the Russian Front, during the Battle of Gorlice-Tarnow: by sending corrections to a receiver on the ground, it successfully adjusted mortar fire.
Fiala was briefly attached to the testing section of the air arsenal before being reassigned to a flying unit.

Aerial Victories
Fiala had had a couple of unconfirmed victories on the Russian Front. Now he was transferred to Fliegerkompany 19 on the Italian Front in January 1916. There he flew a Hansa-Brandenburg C.I two seated reconnaissance plane, scoring his first confirmed triumph on 29 April 1916.

On 4 May 1916, he was flying as an observer in a Hansa-Brandenburg C.I flown by Adolf Heyrowsky when they teamed with a second C.I to shoot down the Italian airship M-4. The semi-rigid dirigible had been returning from a bombing raid when Fiala shot it down above Gorizia, Italy, killing the entire crew of six.

Fiala was wounded by anti-aircraft fire in the beginning of 1917. It was during this recuperation that he decided to apply for pilot's training. After he recovered, he moved into Fliegerkorps 41J, then into a Hansa-Brandenburg D.I fighter in Fliegerkorps 12D.

Beginning 9 August 1917, he ran off a string of five confirmed and two confirmed wins for the month. He scored once more, in October, before changing squadrons once again in November, to move into an Albatros D.III with Fliegerkorps 56J.

He notched win number nine with 56J, but didn't spend long with them; he transferred into command of Fliegerkorps 51J in January, 1918. His steady accretion of victories helped shape Flik 51J into the premier squadron of the Austro-Hungarians. Especially notable was his 14th win; on 30 May 1918, he downed British ace Alan Jerrard in an action that was so fierce, it won the loser the Victoria Cross.

Fiala racked up number 28 on 20 August 1918. He continued to fly until October, but then was posted to nonflying staff duties until war's end.

The engineer turned fighter pilot had flown on two fronts which had more hazardous flying conditions and less opportunity for air combat than the Western Front in France. His victory roll included a dirigible, three observation balloons, and a predominance of enemy fighters among the planes he had felled. He claimed at least five unconfirmed victories. He had won the Order of the Iron Crown, Order of Leopold, Military Merit Cross, Military Merit Medal, Gold Medal for Bravery, and the Iron Cross.

Postwar
Fiala returned to college after the war, completing an engineering degree from the University of Vienna in 1923. From 1925 through 1927, he worked with Professor Hugo Junkers of Junkers fame on aircraft maintenance for civil airliners. In 1928, he entered into a partnership with Mitsubishi of Japan to produce an all-metal plane for the United States market.

In March 1933 he was placed under house arrest by the Gestapo by direct order of Hermann Göring. After his release, he fled Germany back to his native Austria. He then joined his old comrade in arms Julius Arigi in founding an airport operations company. He was an executive of this company through 1936. During World War II, he served in the Luftwaffe as a Captain, or Hauptmann. Later, he ran the airport in Horsching, Austria.

He died in Vienna on 29 October 1964 and was buried in the Fiala-Fernbrugg family vault in Vienna's Central Cemetery. The Austrian air force base at Aigen im Ennstal is named for him.

Awards and decorations
 Knight's Cross of the Order of Leopold with war decoration and swords (Austria)
 Order of the Iron Crown, 3rd class with war decoration and swords (Austria)
 Gold Medal for Bravery (Austria-Hungary)
 Silver and Bronze Military Merit Medals (Austria-Hungary)
 Military Merit Cross, 3rd class (Austria-Hungary)
 Iron Cross of 1914, 2nd class

Sources of information

References

External links
 Benno Fiala Ritter von Fernbrugg
 Battle of Gorlice-Tarnow, 2-10 May 1915
 Austria-Hungary. Airship Killers, World War I

1890 births
1964 deaths
Military personnel from Vienna
Austrian monarchists
Austro-Hungarian World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
Luftwaffe personnel of World War II
Austro-Hungarian Army officers


The Nokia 2760 is a clamshell Mobile phone released by Nokia in 2007 and manufactured in Hungary. Its operating frequency is Dual band GSM 900/1800 or 850/1900. The phone supports EDGE for mobile broadband. The Nokia 2760 was popular in the late-2000s, with it being the most popular choice of mobile phone in Finland in 2010.

Nokia 2760 Flip
In December 2021, HMD Global announced a re-release of the Nokia 2760. Branded the Nokia 2760 Flip, the phone is to feature KaiOS, USB Type-C, a five-megapixel camera, MicroSD storage and support for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, as well as GPS navigation and 4G connectivity.

Nokia 2780 Flip
The Nokia 2780 Flip is essentially the 2760 Flip with an FM radio, and a display however, 0.1 inches smaller. The 2780 Flip is also not carrier-locked. The Nokia 2780 Flip was announced in November 2022.

References

2760
Mobile phones introduced in 2007


Afterwards () is a 2008 English-language psychological thriller film directed by Gilles Bourdos and starring Romain Duris, John Malkovich and Evangeline Lilly. Based on Guillaume Musso's novel Et après..., the story tells of a workaholic lawyer who is told by a self-proclaimed visionary that he must try to prevent his imminent death. The film was shot in New York City, Montreal and various New Mexico locations over June to July 2007, and had a French release in January 2009.

Premise
As a child, Nathan Del Amico (Duris) 'dies' in an accident, but comes 'back'. Years later, now a career-driven New York plaintiff's lawyer obsessed with work, he meets Joseph Kay (Malkovich), a doctor who claims that he can foresee other people's deaths, and that he is a "messenger" sent to help Nathan put his life's priorities in order.
Nathan and his wife (Lilly) had recently lost their son to SIDS, leading to their divorce.  Once Nathan is convinced about the doctor's ability, he visits his former wife and daughter in New Mexico.

Cast
 Romain Duris as Nathan Del Amico, a workaholic New York lawyer whose success has led him to neglect his wife and daughter
 John Malkovich as Joseph Kay, a doctor who claims to be able to predict people's deaths
 Evangeline Lilly as Claire, Nathan's recently divorced wife and childhood sweetheart
 Reece Thompson as Jeremy
 Sara Waisglass as Tracey, the daughter
 Sophi Knight as 7 year old Claire
Morgan Costa Rouchy as 7 year old Nathan Del Amico

Production
Gilles Bourdos and Michel Spinosa wrote Afterwards as a film adaptation of Guillaume Musso's French novel Et après.... The film, a C$10 million co-production between Canada's Christal Films Productions and France's Fidélité Films, was filmed over six weeks in New York, Quebec and New Mexico. Filming in Manhattan commenced on June 4, 2007. Production moved to New Mexico from June 15–19, where scenes were shot at various locations in Albuquerque, Alamogordo, Jemez Springs and Tularosa. Filming resumed in Montreal on July 7 and lasted for approximately 25 days; the city was chosen as a filming location for its tax deduction incentives and the ease in making "Montreal look like anywhere in the world". Though writer/director Bourdos is French, as is Musso's adapted novel and co-financier Christal Films Productions, Afterwards was shot almost entirely in English.

Release
The film had its world premiere on September 7, 2008 at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival, looking for a U.S. distribution buyer. It was theatrically released by Mars Distribution on January 14, 2009 in France and Belgium, earning US$159,500 from 250 screens on its opening weekend in France. It went on to gross $1.1 million in its first week and ranked fifth in the Paris area.

Seville Pictures bought the rights to the film's Canadian distribution from Christal Films, which also produced the film and provided 30% of finances.

References

External links

2008 films
Canadian psychological thriller films
French psychological thriller films
2008 psychological thriller films
Films based on French novels
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in Montreal
Films shot in New Mexico
Films set in Manhattan
Films scored by Alexandre Desplat
Mr. Mudd films
Films directed by Gilles Bourdos
English-language Canadian films
English-language French films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films
2000s French films
Films produced by Olivier Delbosc
Films produced by Marc Missonnier


Raywood may refer to:

Raywood, Aldgate, South Australia, heritage-listed home and gardens
Raywood, Victoria, Australia
Raywood, Texas, United States


Tigatuzumab (CS-1008) is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancer. , a clinical trial for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, Phase II trials for colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer have been completed.

The drug targets member 10b of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF10B, better known as death receptor 5 or trail receptor 2), a protein with limited expression in normal tissues but overexpressed in many kinds of tumours, including colon, gastric, pancreatic, lung, and cervical.

In 2015, a Phase I study was completed to investigate how biodistribution, quantitative tumor uptake, and antitumor response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was impacted by CS-1008. These objectives were tracked through use of trace-labeling and SPECT imaging over the course of treatment and found heterogeneity of tigatuzumab uptake in tumors, that tigatuzumab uptake is not dose dependent, and that tigatuzumab uptake is predictive of clinical response in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

References

Monoclonal antibodies