Operation: Endgame is a 2010 black action comedy film directed by Fouad Mikati featuring an ensemble cast. It premiered on November 5, 2009, at the American Film Market and had a limited release in the United States on July 16, 2010. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on July 27, 2010.

Plot
The majority of the events in the film take place on January 20, 2009, the date of the inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States and the first day of work for "The Fool", as the film's main character is code-named. The Factory, a secret office of government agents, has hired him as a thief. After the beautiful High Priestess and the caustic Chariot meet the Fool, they enter the secret underground offices of the Factory, and the audience learns that Neal, Carl, and their boss Susan have the entire office under surveillance.

The Factory is separated into two teams, Alpha and Omega. The two teams specialize in black ops and oppose each other in a bureaucratic system of checks and balances. Omega Team consists of the Fool, Chariot, High Priestess, Judgement (who repeats his name whenever he can), and the Emperor. Alpha Team consists of the Fool's old flame, Temperance, the Empress, Magician, Tower, and Hierophant. The head of the Factory is the Devil. The wildcard of the office is the Hermit, an extremely dangerous assassin with diabetes and occasional irritable bowel syndrome.

Not long after the Fool is introduced to everyone, Alpha and Omega find that the Devil has been murdered, and also that he has initiated Project Endgame, which has trapped both teams underground and triggered a bomb that threatens to destroy the Factory and kill everyone. The agents need to find a way out. They decide to work in pairs with their opposing mirror agents to escape.

As they explore the office, members of Alpha Team begin to kill their Omega Team counterparts in gruesome fashion, with Empress killing Emperor with a staple remover, Hierophant killing Judgement by hitting him in the head with a table leg with nails protruding out, and Tower stabbing High Priestess in the throat with a metal bookend.  Shortly after Tower is killed by Chariot who smashes his face repeatedly with a paper shredder, and then Chariot is almost killed by Magician. Back in the surveillance room, Carl, Neil, and Susan watch the carnage between the agents. But they all learn that the system has been corrupted, and Susan realizes that the clearance codes have been switched in conjunction with the inauguration.

While trying to find a way out, Fool is attacked by Hierophant but is saved by Temperance, who kills her by hitting her repeatedly in the back with the blade of a paper cutter. She reveals to him that Alpha Team was ordered to eliminate Omega Team that very day. The Fool, Chariot and Temperance spend time in Devil's Office trying to find a way of escape. Eventually Devil's Safe is cracked open, a map is found and The Fool mysteriously steals some discs  without anyone else noticing. After this encounter, the trio face off against the remaining members of Alpha: The Empress, Magician and the mysterious Hermit. After more fighting and kills, such as Chariot setting Magician on fire, Hermit killing Chariot by throwing a pair of scissors into his eye and Temperance shooting Hermit in the crotch with her lipstick gun and then killing Empress by shoving a water cooler bottle down her throat causing her to drown, the Fool and Temperance are the only ones left standing. They both enter the exit elevator and escape. They kiss as the bomb goes off, destroying the Factory.

Meanwhile, Carl and Neil uncover an audio tape which the Devil recorded before his death. The Devil reveals that he has a disc with every dirty secret from the last eight years of the Bush administration. He also professes his love for Susan. The elevator emerges from a bathroom stall and it is revealed the Fool has killed Temperance, the paper cutter blade stuck in her head. He snaps the neck of a man in the bathroom who sees Temperance's body and takes his jacket, then he calls Susan, and tells her (in an English accent using the British pronunciation of ma'am as the American sound of "mom") that he has the disc, which contains "every single one of their fuck-ups." Susan reveals that she had hired the Fool specifically to enter the Factory and retrieve the files. She then shoots Carl and Neil. The film ends with the Fool confidently walking out of the building, stepping into a cab, and driving off and the screen turns black. In the credits, bits of a will, one recorded by Emperor and the other by Chariot, reveal that Emperor plans to leave his holiday home to his dog and give wine in his wine cellar to the widows of the men he killed, while Chariot promises that he will return as an evil ghost and will eat hearts for an eternity.

Cast
 Joe Anderson as Fool
 Odette Yustman as Temperance
 Adam Scott as Magician
 Zach Galifianakis as The Hermit
 Emilie de Ravin as Hierophant
 Maggie Q as High Priestess
 Ving Rhames as Judgement
 Ellen Barkin as Empress
 Bob Odenkirk as Emperor
 Rob Corddry as Chariot
 Brandon T. Jackson as Tower
 Jeffrey Tambor as Devil

Production
Filming took place in Los Angeles.

The original screenplay, The Rogues Gallery, was written by Brian Watanabe. The script tied for "Best Comedy" at the Screenwriting Expo 3 Screenwriting Contest and 2nd place at the 1st Screenplay Shootout. It was also a 2004 Scriptapalooza finalist.

Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a score of 40% based on five reviews, with an average rating of 5/10.

References

External links

2010 films
2010 action comedy films
American comedy thriller films
American mystery films
American black comedy films
American action thriller films
American action comedy films
Films about security and surveillance
Films about computing
Films set in 2009
Techno-thriller films
Films shot in Los Angeles
2010 comedy films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films


Cross-country skiing at the 1992 Winter Paralympics consisted of 27 events, 19 for men and 8 for women.

Medal table

Medal summary
The competition events were:
2.5 km: - women
5 km: men - women
10 km: men - women
20 km: men
30 km: men
3x2.5 km relay: men
3x5 km relay: men
4x5 km relay: men

Each event had separate standing, sitting, or visually impaired classifications:

LW2 - standing: single leg amputation above the knee
LW3 - standing: double leg amputation below the knee, mild cerebral palsy, or equivalent impairment
LW4 - standing: single leg amputation below the knee
LW5/7 - standing: double arm amputation
LW6/8 - standing: single arm amputation
LW9 - standing: amputation or equivalent impairment of one arm and one leg
LW 10 - sitting: paraplegia with no or some upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance
LW 11 - sitting: paraplegia with fair functional sitting balance
B1 - visually impaired: no functional vision
B2 - visually impaired: up to ca 3-5% functional vision
B3 - visually impaired: under 10% functional vision

Men's events

Women's events

See also
Cross-country skiing at the 1992 Winter Olympics

References

 Winter Sport Classification, Canadian Paralympic Committee

1992 Winter Paralympics events
1992
Paralympics


Susan Brice is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Saanich South in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2001 to 2005. She sat as a member of the BC Liberal Party.  Currently, she is a member of Saanich municipal Council, first elected in 2005.

An elementary school teacher, Susan Brice served as an elected trustee to the Victoria School Board from 1975 to 1980, including as chair of the board from 1978 to 1979. She was elected councillor to the Municipality of Oak Bay in 1980 and as Mayor in 1985. She served  as a director on the Capital Regional District board from 1985 to 1990, and chaired the board from 1988 to 1989.

Ms. Brice also served on the board of the Better Business Bureau.

Electoral record

References

External links
 Profile at the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia

BC United MLAs
Women MLAs in British Columbia
Living people
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Women government ministers of Canada
Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia
Year of birth missing (living people)


Ramón González Peña (1888 – 27 July 1952) was an Asturian socialist and trade union leader. González was a prominent leader in the 1934 miners revolt in Asturias, under which he led the Oviedo Revolutionary Committee. After the revolt, he was sentenced to death. One year later, however, he was reprieved. González served as the president of Unión General de Trabajadores, in which he was in conflict with Largo Caballero. He was also a Member of Parliament and was the Minister of Justice 1938–1939. After the Spanish Civil War González Peña went to exile in Mexico, where he died on 27 July 1952.

References

1888 births
1952 deaths
People from Oviedo (Asturian comarca)
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
Justice ministers of Spain
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Politicians from Asturias
Unión General de Trabajadores members
Spanish prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by Spain
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico
Exiled Spanish politicians


Bellefields is a manor house located in Croom, Prince George's County, Maryland.  It was constructed about 1720. It is a brick structure in Flemish bond with random glazed headers, and two stories over a high basement.  The structure is rectangular, with gabled roof sections, paired interior end chimneys, a front center entrance, wide raised belt course above the first floor, flat arched openings, and flanking symmetrical single-story wings. It is in the Georgian style. It was the home of Patrick Sim, Scottish immigrant and of his son, Col. Joseph Sim, Maryland patriot.

History
Later, sometime after 1849, William Duckett Bowie lived there with his second wife.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It was removed from the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 1986.

On August 31, 2021, three of the farm's 39 zebras escaped from the farm and began wandering around the woods of Upper Marlboro. In September, one of the zebras died in an illegal snare trap. In October, the Maryland Department of the Environment and the Prince George's County Animal Services announced a plan to use two zebras from the herd at Bellefields to lure and corral the zebras back to the farm. Three animal cruelty charges were filed against the farm's owner on October 20. On December 15, the two remaining zebras were captured and returned to the farm.

Notable people
William Williams (c. 1793–1814), born Frederick Hall on the Bellefields Plantation and as an escaped slave enlisted in 38th U.S. Infantry Regiment, U.S. Army dying from his wounds after the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812.

References

External links

, including photo in 1974, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Houses completed in 1720
Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Georgian architecture in Maryland
Scottish-American culture in Maryland
Bowie family
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
1720 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies


The First Baptist Church of Fairport is a historic Baptist church located at 94 South Main Street at Church Street in Fairport, Monroe County, New York. It was built in 1876, and is a -story, cruciform plan, High Victorian Gothic church.  It is constructed of brick and rests on a Medina sandstone foundation. It has a large square corner tower topped by a tall narrow spire. It features ornamental stone trim, a steeply pitched gray slate roof, and 72 original stained, leaded glass windows. In 2006 a national drugstore tried to buy the land but, in response to adverse local reactions including a concert held by local youth musicians, money was raised to help repair the church instead.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

References

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Gothic Revival church buildings in New York (state)
Churches completed in 1872
19th-century Baptist churches in the United States
Churches in Monroe County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Monroe County, New York


Palmless Prayer / Mass Murder Refrain is a collaborative studio album by Mono and World's End Girlfriend. It was originally released via Human Highway Records on 14 December 2005. In 2006, it was re-released via Temporary Residence Limited.

Critical reception

Ian Mathers of Stylus Magazine gave the album a grade of "A", writing, "I'd say this is one of the finest 'imaginary soundtracks' ever released if I could just think of a film that wouldn't seem hideously overpowered by it."

Shawn Dspres of The Japan Times commented that "Although broken down into distinct parts, the seamless transition between tracks makes the album play out like one extended, breathtaking piece."

Thom Jurek of AllMusic gave the album 3.5 out of 5 stars, calling it "puzzling, bewildering and utterly beautiful."

In February 2007, American webzine Somewhere Cold voted Palmless Prayer / Mass Murder Refrain No. 7 on their 2006 Somewhere Cold Awards Hall of Fame.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

Mono
 Takaakira "Taka" Goto – music
 Yoda – music
 Tamaki – music
 Yasunori Takada – music

World's End Girlfriend
 Katsuhiko Maeda – music, recording, mixing

Additional musicians
 Mujika Easel – chorus vocals
 Takafumi Ishikawa – saxophone
 Kazumasa Hashimoto – piano
 Seigen Tokuzawa – cello
 Kaoru Hagiwara – viola
 Mikiko Ise – violin
 Mio Okamura – violin

Technical
 Seiji Ueki – recording
 Gondo Tomohiko – recording
 Yuuki Mizutani – recording
 Tetsuya Yamamoto – recording
 John Golden – mastering
 Chieko Akasaka – design
 Jeremy DeVine – design
 Chie Tatsumi – photography

References

External links

2005 albums
Collaborative albums
Mono (Japanese band) albums
World's End Girlfriend albums
Temporary Residence Limited albums


"Stingy" is a song by American R&B singer Ginuwine. It was written by Johnta Austin, Bryan-Michael Cox, and Jason Perry and recorded by the singer for soundtrack of the American comedy-drama film Barbershop (2002), then included on his fourth album The Senior the following year. Production on the song was helmed by Cox, with co-production from Perry. Released as the lead single from the Barbershop soundtrack, "Stingy" peaked at number 33 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top ten of the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Track listing

Notes
 denotes additional producer
 denotes co-producer

Credits and personnel
Credits lifted from the liner notes of The Senior.

Algebra – background vocals
Johnta Austin – background vocals, writer
Bubble – recording engineer
Bryan-Michael Cox – instruments, producer, writer

Ginuwine  – background vocals, lead vocals
Jason Perry – co-producer, guitar, writer
Sean Thomas – pro-tools editor

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2002 singles
Ginuwine songs
Barbershop (franchise)
Songs written by Johntá Austin
Songs written by Bryan-Michael Cox
Sony Music singles
2002 songs


Steven John Lindsey Croft (born 29 May 1957) is a Church of England bishop and theologian specialising in mission. He has been Bishop of Oxford since the confirmation of his election on 6 July 2016. He was the Bishop of Sheffield from 2008 until 2016; previously he was Archbishops’ Missioner and Team Leader of Fresh Expressions, a joint Church of England and Methodist initiative. He falls within the open evangelical tradition of Anglicanism.

Early life and education
Croft was born on 29 May 1957. He attended Heath Grammar School in Halifax and studied classics and theology at Worcester College, Oxford, graduating in 1980. From 1980 to 1983, he trained for ordination at Cranmer Hall, Durham. The University of Durham awarded him a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1984 for a thesis titled The identity of the individual in the Book of Psalms.

Ministry
Croft was ordained as deacon in the Diocese of London on 25 September 1983 by Bill Westwood, Bishop of Edmonton, at St Andrew's Enfield (his title church). The following year, he was ordained as priest by Graham Leonard, Bishop of London, at St Paul's Cathedral on 23 September 1984. From 1983 to 1987 he was curate of the parish church of St Andrew's Enfield. After that, he became vicar of Ovenden, an Urban Priority Area parish in the Diocese of Wakefield, from 1987 to 1996. In 1997, Croft was made a member of the Church of England Evangelical Council, which he was a part of until 2000.

1996–2004: Warden (i.e. head) of Cranmer Hall

2004–2008: Archbishops' Missioner and first Team Leader of Fresh Expressions

Croft was appointed by the archbishops of Canterbury and York to help found Fresh Expressions, a joint Church of England and Methodist initiative "to help Christians of any denomination think about ways of starting and growing fresh expressions of church in their area" where a fresh expression is defined as "a form of church for our changing culture, established primarily for the benefit of people who are not yet members of any church". In recognition of this work he was awarded the silver Cross of St Augustine by the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Episcopal ministry
Croft was nominated as the next bishop of Sheffield, succeeding Jack Nicholls, who retired in July 2008, and formally elected by the Chapter of Sheffield Cathedral in November 2008 (and that election having been confirmed in the interim), he was consecrated as a bishop by John Sentamu, Archbishop of York, on 25 January 2009, at York Minster; and started work in the diocese following his formal enthronement on 9 May 2009.  This was followed by three Welcome Eucharists celebrated in various locations around the diocese to allow more people to meet the new bishop.

In 2012, Croft was nominated by Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, to be the Anglican fraternal delegate to the Synod of Bishops in Rome.

Croft became a member of the House of Lords on 15 July 2013. On 12 April 2016, it was announced that he was to be translated to become Bishop of Oxford in "autumn" 2016; he was duly elected to that see and that election was confirmed at Lambeth Palace on 6 July 2016, at which point Croft became the bishop of Oxford. He was (re-)introduced to the Upper House as Bishop of Oxford on 19 July 2016. Croft is the first bishop of Oxford to reside at the new Bishop's Lodge, Kidlington; "for decades" previously, bishops had resided at Linton Road in North Oxford.

Views
In November 2022, he became the most senior Church of England figure to back same-sex marriage, saying clergy should be free to bless or marry same-sex partners and to enter into a same-sex marriage themselves, in contrast to the Church's official position. As a result of this, some evangelicals within his diocese may seek alternative oversight.

Personal life
Croft was born in Halifax, West Riding of Yorkshire, in 1957. He is married to Ann and has four children.

Protest at his enthronement
Two survivors of clerical child sexual abuse staged a peaceful protest outside Croft's inauguration as Bishop of Oxford on 30 September 2016. One of them said that he had told Croft three times in 2012 and 2013, when Croft was Bishop of Sheffield, of his rape by a serving priest, but the bishop and other senior figures had failed to respond or take action despite the abuser still being alive. The cover of the protest brochure handed out to the public pictured all six bishops who the survivor claimed had failed to respond, including John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. The survivor commented to the Church Times that he was angry that the church had the "nerve" to enthrone bishops after safeguarding complaints had been made against them. He went on to say  The protest was shown on ITV and the BBC. Croft met with one of the survivors in front of the news cameras.

Police investigation
In 2018 it was reported in media that Croft was being investigated by South Yorkshire Police, alongside Archbishop Sentamu, Bishop Martyn Snow and Bishop Peter Burrows, for failure to respond properly to a report of clerical child abuse. The priest against whom the allegation was made committed suicide the day before he was due in court in June 2017. The archbishop of York's office said:

A Guardian editorial contrasted Sentamu's response to a statement from Archbishop Justin Welby at the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse, in which Welby stated

Matt Ineson, the victim of the alleged abuse, called for the resignations of Sentamu and Croft. In May 2018, Archbishop Welby declined to discipline Croft,
and said he "will take no further action" other than ensuring that Croft received further safeguarding training and understood his responsibilities as a diocesan bishop.

Styles
The Reverend Steven Croft (1983–1984)
The Reverend Doctor Steven Croft (1984–2009)
The Right Reverend Doctor Steven Croft (2009–present)

Works
The Identity of the Individual in the Psalms, Sheffield Academic Press, 1987
Growing New Christians, CPAS/Marshall Pickering, 1993
Making New Disciples, Marshall Pickering, 1994
Emmaus:  the Way of Faith (with Stephen Cottrell, John Finney, Felicity Lawson and Robert Warren), NS/CHP, six volumes, 1996; two volumes, 1998; second edition 200–2003.
Man to Man: Friendship and Faith, Scripture Union, 1999
Ministry in Three Dimensions: Ordination and Leadership in the Local Church, DLT, 1999, second edition, 2008
Travelling Well: A companion guide to the Christian faith (with Stephen Cottrell), NS/CHP, 2000.
The Lord is Risen: Luke 24, Emmaus Bible Resources 1, NS/CHP, 2002
Missionary Journeys, Missionary Church: Acts 13-20, Emmaus Bible Resources 2, NS/CHP 2002
Transforming Communities: Re-Imagining the Church for the 21st Century, DLT, 2002
A Theology of Christian Leadership in Focus on Leadership, Foundation for Church Leadership, 2005.
Learning for Ministry (with Roger Walton), CHP, 2005
Evangelism in a Spiritual Age (with Rob Frost, Mark Ireland, Anne Richards, Yvonne Richmond and Nick Spencer), CHP, 2005
Moving on in a Mission Shaped Church (booklet with George Lings), CHP, 2005
Starting a Fresh Expression (booklet with George Lings and Claire Dalpra), CHP 2006
Listening for Mission (booklet with Bob Hopkins and Freddy Hedley) CHP, 2006
Bishops’ Mission Orders: a beginners’ guide (booklet with Paul Bayes) CHP, 2008
Encouraging fresh expressions (booklet), Fresh Expressions, 2008
The Future of the Parish System: shaping the Church of England for the 21st Century (editor and contributor), CHP, 2006
The Advent Calendar (a novel for adults and children), DLT, 2006
Mission-shaped Questions: defining issues for today's church, (editor and contributor), CHP, 2008
Reflections for Daily Prayer: Advent to 2 before Lent(section on Ecclesiastes), CHP, 2008
Jesus' People - What the church should do next, CHP, 2009

References

External links
 Croft's blog

1957 births
Living people
Bishops of Sheffield
Lords Spiritual
People from Halifax, West Yorkshire
21st-century Church of England bishops
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
People educated at Heath Grammar School
Recipients of the Cross of St Augustine
Alumni of Cranmer Hall, Durham
Staff of Cranmer Hall, Durham
Evangelical Anglican bishops
Evangelical Anglican theologians


Rudolf Tayerlé (1877–1942) was a Czechoslovak Social Democratic politician and trade union leader. In 1922 he was instrumental in expelling the communists from the Odborové sdružení českoslovanské. In 1942 he was elected vice-president of the International Federation of Trade Unions. Tayerlé was arrested shortly after the German invasion of Czechoslovakia. He died in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.

References

1877 births
1942 deaths
Czechoslovak trade unionists
Czechoslovak politicians
People who died in Mauthausen concentration camp
Czech Social Democratic Party politicians
Politicians who died in Nazi concentration camps
Czechoslovak civilians killed in World War II


The Russian plague epidemic of 1770–1772, also known as the Plague of 1771, was the last large-scale outbreak of plague in central Russia, claiming between 52,000 and 100,000 lives in Moscow alone (1/6 to 1/3 of its population). The bubonic plague epidemic that originated in the Moldovan theatre of the 1768–1774 Russian-Turkish war in January 1770 swept northward through Ukraine and central Russia, peaking in Moscow in September 1771 and causing the Plague Riot. The epidemic reshaped the map of Moscow, as new cemeteries were established beyond the 18th-century city limits.

Outbreak

Russian troops in Focşani, Moldova discovered the first signs of plague in January 1770; the disease, indigenous to the area, was contracted through prisoners of war and booty. The news was hailed and exaggerated by adversaries of Russia, and Catherine wrote a reassuring letter to Voltaire, arguing that "in spring those killed by plague will resurrect for the fighting". Commanding general Christopher von Stoffeln coerced army doctors to conceal the outbreak, which was not made public until Gustav Orreus, a Russian-Finnish surgeon reporting directly to Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev, examined the situation, identified it as plague and enforced quarantine in the troops. Stoffeln, however, refused to evacuate the infested towns and himself fell victim to the plague in May 1770. Of 1,500 patients recorded in his troops in May–August 1770, only 300 survived.

Medical quarantine checkpoints instituted by Peter I and expanded by Catherine II were sufficient to prevent plague from reaching inside the country in peacetime, but they proved to be inadequate in time of war. The system regarded all epidemics as external threats, focusing on border control, and paid less attention to domestic measures. The epidemic blocked the logistics of Rumyantsev's army, and as the state tried to push more reserves and supplies to the theatre, peacetime quarantine controls had to be lifted. Plague swept into Poland and Ukraine; by August 1770 it reached Bryansk. Catherine refused to admit the plague in public, although she was clearly aware of the nature and proportions of the threat, as evidenced by her letters to Governor of Moscow Pyotr Saltykov.

Moscow plague

When Peter the Great died in 1725, he left behind him the blooming, new capital of St. Petersburg, and the city of Moscow, now unstable because he had transferred the seat of power from that city to St. Petersburg. The now-abandoned Moscow and its suburbs attracted vast numbers of serfs and army deserters, who prompted the government to instigate change by "tightening serfdom and strengthening—or even just creating—administrative and estate institutions, and knitting all three into a seamless web of social control." The increasing population created more waste that needed to be dealt with, and no real solution for getting rid of it. There was human waste, horse waste, and waste from tanneries, slaughterhouses and other slatternly industries, all of which was piling up on each other.

Catherine II inherited the throne in 1762 and recognized the social concerns her empire was facing, such as the drastic increase in pollution and decrease in living standards. In 1767, her government decreed that the polluting factories, slaughterhouses, fish markets, and cemeteries be removed from the city, that it was illegal to pollute the waterways, and that dumps be established. Her goal in this was to westernize Moscow as well as St. Petersburg. She contended that by eliminating the foul smells associated with the city, the health of the inhabitants would improve; during the 18th century, the miasma theory (that disease came from bad smells) was prevalent. By moving the factories out of the city proper, Catherine also ensured a dispersal of the peasants and serfs, whom the city considered to be the source of the putrefaction, and therefore bring the source of the disease outside the city as well. As her memoires indicate, Catherine herself saw the stench and filth of the city as evidence of its being rooted in the past, before Russia became westernized. She hated Moscow, and before the plague outbreak, Moscow had no formal boundaries, there was no population count, and no real city planning. This lack of planning was also evidenced by the fact that the city was mostly still built from wood, despite the government urging change to stone structures in this department. While there were some stone buildings, they tended to be located in the center of the city, and the use of stone showed no real sign of spreading. There were fires, there was a high crime rate, the filth was unimaginable; the state of the city was a set up for disaster. Catherine attempted to fix these problems through pardons, case reviews, creating jobs for the unemployed and homeless, and strengthening the local government.

Despite her efforts to change the city, Catherine found herself facing an outbreak of the bubonic plague in the Russian Empire in 1770. The plague was somewhat of a constant threat in early modern Europe; no one could be sure where or when it would strike. In 1765, rumors circulated that the plague had traveled north from the Ottoman Empire into Poland. The same rumors echoed over the course of the next year, with the plague also supposedly appearing in Constantinople and the Crimea. There was a false alarm of the plague entering Russian territory, and another false alarm of supposed plague around Moscow that turned out to be smallpox. There were efforts made to keep plague out of Russia by creating quarantine stations on the southern border, but these proved to be ineffective.

In December 1770, a Doctor A. F. Shafonskiy, the chief physician at the Moscow General Hospital, identified a case of the bubonic plague and promptly reported it to German doctor A. Rinder, who was in charge of the public health of the city. Unfortunately, Rinder did not trust the former's judgment, and ignored the report. The next day, the Medical Council met and established the fact that the plague had entered the city, and informed the Senate in St. Petersburg. The response of the national government was to send military guards to the hospital in order to quarantine the cases. However, Shafonskiy and Rinder continued to stand on opposing sides, until Rinder denied Shafonskiy's claim in January 1771. Shafonskiy submitted a report in February

Riot

The plague peaked in September 1771, killing an estimated thousand Muscovites a day (20,401 confirmed dead in September), despite the fact that an estimated three quarters of the population fled the city. Many deaths escaped the statistics: residents, fearing that the infested properties would be destroyed by authorities, routinely concealed the casualties, burying the dead at night or simply throwing them on the streets. Authorities set up chain gangs of prisoners to collect and bury the bodies, but their forces were insufficient even for this single task.

Governor Saltykov, failing to control the situation, preferred to desert his station and fled to his country estate; the police chief followed suit. Jacon Lerche, the newly appointed sanitary inspector of Moscow, declared state of emergency, shutting down shops, inns, taverns, factories and even churches; the city was placed under quarantine. Masses of people, literally thrown into the streets, were denied their regular trade and recreation habits. On September 15, 1771, Moscow residents revolted against the authorities. The mob perceived any emergency measures of the state as a conspiracy to spread the disease. In particular, archbishop Amvrosy, who removed a revered icon from the public to curtail transmission of the disease by worshippers, was accused of conspiracy, hunted down and killed as an "enemy of the people". Active rioting continued for three days. The remaining unrest was finally subdued by Grigory Orlov in the end of September.

Emergency measures post infection out-break

When the riot was still unwinding, empress Catherine dispatched Grigory Orlov to take control of Moscow; it is not clear whether her choice was an assignment in good faith or an attempt to get rid of a former lover and a leader of an influential political clan. Orlov, accompanied by Gustav Orreus and four regiments of troops, arrived in Moscow on September 26, immediately calling an emergency council with local doctors. They confirmed presence of both bubonic and septicemic forms of plague. Orlov established and supervised an executive medical commission charged with developing the ways to check the epidemic. More important, he succeeded in changing public opinion in favor of the state's emergency measures, at the same improving the efficiency and quality of medical quarantine (in particular, varying quarantine duration for different groups of exposed but yet healthy people, and paying them for the quarantine stay).

The epidemic in Moscow, although still rampant in October, gradually reduced through the year. November 15 Catherine declared that it was officially over, but deaths continued into 1772. Estimates of total death toll in Moscow range from 52 to 100 thousand out of total 300 thousand.

Consequences

The plague stimulated local research in disease prevention, which was boosted by discovering indigenous plague in newly conquered territories of the Caucasus. The epidemic was professionally exposed to Western European academia through An account of plague which raged in Moscow 1771, published in 1798 in Latin by Belgian physician Charles de Mertens; an English translation was released in 1799.

Immediate political effect

Devastation caused by the plague forced the government to reduce taxes and military conscription quotas in the affected provinces; both measures decreased the military capabilities of the state and pushed Catherine to seek truce. The statesmen divided between supporters of further pressing into Moldova and Walachia and those who sided with Frederick II's proposal to quit the war and take Polish territories as compensation: nearby Polish lands were seen as cash source while Moldova had to be ceded to the Turks anyway. Catherine preferred to suit both parties and engaged in the Partitions of Poland while the war in the South protracted until 1774. Orlov, dismissed from the court, retired for a long tour of Europe.

City planning

In a move to control disease, authorities banned any burials in the traditional parish cemeteries inside the city of Moscow. Instead, they set up a chain of new cemeteries outside the city limits. This ring of cemeteries, established in 1771 (Vagankovo and others) is mostly extant today; some were razed to make way for new construction (Dorogomilovo cemetery), some, also destroyed, are now public parks (Lazarevskoe cemetery). Rogozhskoye cemetery, east of Moscow, became and remains a leading Old Believers shrine.

See also
 List of epidemics
 Second plague pandemic

Notes

References

1770 disease outbreaks
1771 disease outbreaks
1772 disease outbreaks
Second plague pandemic
Disease outbreaks in Russia

18th-century epidemics
18th century in Moscow
1770 in the Russian Empire
1771 in the Russian Empire
1772 in the Russian Empire


H1 histone family, member 0 is a member of the histone family of nuclear proteins which are a component of chromatin.  In humans, this protein is encoded by the H1F0 gene.

References


James Wallis may refer to:

Politicians
James Wallis (New Zealand politician) (1825–1912), New Zealand politician
James Wallis (English politician), MP

Others
James Wallis (British Army officer) (1785–1858), major of the 46th Regiment, commandant of Newcastle convict settlement
James Wallis (games designer), British writer, games designer and publisher
Jim Wallis (born 1948), Christian writer and activist
Jimmy Wallis (born 1974), English field hockey player
James H. Wallis (1861–1940), Latter Day Saint hymnwriter, editor and Patriarch
James Wallis (1809–1895), pioneer Wesleyan Missionary New Zealand

See also
James Wallace (disambiguation)


The 1931–32 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's 23rd season. After winning two consecutive Stanley Cup championships, the Canadiens were favoured to repeat, winning the Canadian division, but lost to the New York Rangers in the semi-finals.

Regular season
Howie Morenz won the Hart Trophy for his outstanding play during the regular season..

Final standings

Record vs. opponents

Schedule and results

Playoffs
The Canadiens, by placing first, received a bye to the semi-finals where they met the New York Rangers, who had won the American Division. The Canadiens, missing some regulars due to injury, lost  the best-of-five series three games to one.

 New York Rangers vs. Montreal Canadiens

Player statistics

Regular season
Scoring

Goaltending

Playoffs
Scoring

Goaltending

Awards and records
 O'Brien Cup – winners of Canadian Division
 Hart Trophy – Howie Morenz, most valuable player

Transactions

See also
1931–32 NHL season

References

Montreal Canadiens seasons
Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens


The Museum of Human Beings is a historical novel by Colin Sargent about the life of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, the son of Sacagawea.

Inspiration
Sargent describes his inspiration for Museum of Human Beings in a Portland Press Herald interview with Meredith Goad. He states, "From my earliest times I always wondered, what happened to this little boy? What happened to the expedition papoose?"

Plot
The novel's protagonist is Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, the son of Sacajawea and the youngest member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He is adopted by William Clark, who had developed a romantic relationship with his mother. As an adolescent Charbonneau gains the notice of Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg and is taken to Europe to be educated, only to be displayed as an exotic curiosity. Charbonneau eventually returns to the United States and reckons with his past and the legacy of his mother.

Reviews
Publishers Weekly wrote that "Sargent's debut novel is a stylish look at the fate of Sacagawea’s baby son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau". Melody Ballard in Library Journal said, "This memorable novel will captivate all who read it." Sybil Downing's review in the Denver Post states, "Museum of Human Beings is rich with unusual historical detail. Clark is presented as a far more intriguing and complex man than standard history would have us know. It is a fascinating and ultimately tragic tale of a usually forgotten player in this country’s story." William Barry in the Portland Press Herald wrote, "Sargent revels in the uncertainty of the human comedy and no doubt takes his model for the book from Voltaire's 'Candide' (1759)."

In her review for the Historical Novel Society, Julie K. Rose provides a differing opinion. She says, "The book is beautifully written, and has a good sense of time and place, but I felt held at a distance. Though Baptiste’s life was full of adventure and tragedy, I found it hard to really care about him, and watched his struggles as though he were the subject of an anthropological study. Perhaps, given the themes and subjects of the story, this was intentional—he seemed like another exhibit in Clark’s Museum of Human Beings, and not a flesh-and-blood person to struggle with and care for."

References

External links
 - Collected reviews on the author's website

2008 novels
Historical novels


Cerion chrysalis is a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a  terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Cerionidae, the peanut snails.

References

Cerionidae
Gastropods described in 1837


Michael Stanley Veitch (born 19 December 1962) is an Australian politician and Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. Veitch has been a member of the Council since 24 March 2007.

Early life
Veitch was born at Gundagai, New South Wales to parents Bob and Val. He is the oldest of five children. He attended Adelong Central School in his primary school years. His secondary studies were undertaken at Tumut High School.

Early career
Leaving high school, he worked as a shearer,  a train station assistant and a disability worker. He finished his railway career as an Assistant Station Master at Rydalmere and Toongabbie train stations. He completed further studies at TAFE. He became the Executive Officer of the Wiradjuri Country Community Group Limited and then the General Manager (Growth and Strategy) of Job Centre Australia Limited.

Political career
He joined the Labor Party in March 1989 He became the Secretary of the Young Branch of the Labor Party. He has been a delegate to the NSW ALP State Conference and the National Conference.

He was elected as an independent shire councillor for Young Shire Council in September 1995.  He was re-elected in 1999 and 2004.

In 1998, he ran as the Labor Party candidate for the federal seat of Hume (a Liberal/National coalition safe seat). He was unsuccessful in that campaign, losing to Liberal Party candidate Alby Schultz.

Veitch was deputy chair of the nine-member Southern Area Health Board for New South Wales.

Veitch was elected on 24 March 2007 to the New South Wales Legislative Council with the 19th-highest quota at that election. He has served as Deputy Government Whip, Parliamentary Secretary for Primary Industries and on numerous Legislative Council Committees. Since 2011 he has served on the Opposition front bench holding responsibility for Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and Services and Regional and Rural Affairs. He is currently the Shadow Minister for Primary Industries, Lands and Western NSW.
At the 2022 NSW Labor Conference, he was disendorsed for the upcoming 2023 state election.

Personal life
He is divorced and has four children, and six grandchildren. He and his former wife were foster parents.

Notes

References

1962 births
Living people
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
21st-century Australian politicians


Ezem (, vars. ‛Atsem, 'Asam, Azem, 'Osem or Otzem, meaning strength, might, bone, to close, to defend, also self, self-same and strenuous) is an unidentified site in the Negev of Judah toward the Edomite border.

It is mentioned in the Biblical Book of Joshua (; ). In the King James Version it is spelled "Azem" in Joshua and "Ezem" in Chronicles ().

In Joshua 19:1-3 and 1 Chronicles 4:29 it is one of the towns "in the midst of
the inheritance of Judah" assigned to Simeon.

See also
Cities in the Book of Joshua

References

References

Hebrew Bible places


Azem  is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

 Azem Galica (1889-1924), Albanian soldier
 Azem Hajdari (1963-1998), Albanian politician
 Azem Maksutaj (born 1975), Albanian kickboxer
 Azem Vllasi (born 1948), Kosovo Albanian politician

See also
Azem (disambiguation)
Azéma
Azeem
Asem (given name)

Albanian masculine given names
Hebrew masculine given names
Masculine given names


The Supreme Court of Greece can refer to any of the three Supreme Courts of Greece:

 Court of Cassation (; established 1834), the supreme court of Greece for civil and criminal law
 Council of State (, 1835-1844; refounded 1928), the Supreme Administrative Court of Greece
 Chamber of Accounts (, established 1833), a Supreme Administrative Court with a special jurisdiction

Judiciary of Greece


Leo Clasen (1906–1972) was imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp because of his homosexuality. He wrote about his experiences in 1954–1955 in the homophile magazine Humanitas, Monatszeitschrift für Menschlichkeit und Kultur, which was published in seven parts under the pseudonym L. D. Classen von Neudegg. His account is one of the most significant records of the experience of homosexuals persecuted by Nazi Germany. He was born on 26 June 1906 in Neumünster, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and was educated as a doctor.

See also
Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust

References

1906 births
1972 deaths
Homosexual concentration camp survivors
German gay writers
Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
People convicted under Germany's Paragraph 175
Physicians from Schleswig-Holstein
People from Neumünster
20th-century German LGBT people


Bisi Silva (Olabisi Obafunke Silva) (29 May 1962 – 12 February 2019) was a Nigerian contemporary art curator based in Lagos.

Early life and education
Bisi Silva graduated with an MA in Visual Arts Administration: Curating and Commissioning Contemporary Art at the Royal College of Art, London, in 1996.

Career
In the early days of her career, Silva worked as an independent curator and founded Fourth Dial Art, a non-profit project in London dedicated to promoting and cultivating cultural practice in the visual arts, and to help artists form meaningful collaborations with artistic institutions and professionals. One of the outcomes of Fourth Dial Art was a traveling exhibition, “Heads of State”, featuring the work of Faisal Abdu'Allah, who was then an emerging artist of the London art world.

Silva visited Lagos, Nigeria in 1999 with the idea of starting a project there. She was the founder and artistic director of the Centre for Contemporary Art, Lagos (CCA, Lagos), which opened in December 2007. CCA Lagos promotes research, documentation and exhibitions related to contemporary art in Africa and abroad. At CCA, Lagos, Silva curated numerous exhibitions, including one with the Nigerian painter Ndidi Dike. Silva was also the founder of the Asiko Art School, which describes itself as "part art workshop, part residency, and part art academy."

Silva was co-curator of “The Progress of Love”, a transcontinental collaboration across three venues in the United States and Nigeria (October 2012 – January 2013). Silva was co-curator of J. D. 'Okhai Ojeikere: Moments of Beauty, Kiasma, Helsinki (April – November 2011). She was also co-curator for the second Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art, Greece, Praxis: Art in Times of Uncertainty in September 2009. In 2006, Silva was one of the curators for the Dakar Biennale in Senegal. In collaboration with the Portuguese art critic Isabel Carlos, she selected artists for the third Artes Mundi prize in Wales. She also curated Contact Zone: Contemporary Art from West and North Africa (October 2007) and an exhibition titled Telling ... Contemporary Finnish photography, in the Seventh Biennial of African Photography in Bamako (November 2007).

Silva wrote on contemporary art for international publications, including Art Monthly, Untitled, Third Text, M Metropolis, Agufon and for Nigerian newspapers such as This Day. She was on the editorial board of n.paradoxa, an international feminist art journal, and was the guest editor for the Africa and African diaspora issue of n.paradoxa (January 2013).

Silva died in Lagos, Nigeria, at the age of 56 after a four-year battle with breast cancer.

Legacy
Curators Nina Zimmer and Touria El Glaoui named Silva among the decade's most influential curators.

Exhibitions curated or co-curated

2009
In the Light of Play, Durban Art Gallery and Johannesburg Art Fair
Chance Encounters, Seven Contemporary Artists from Africa, Sakshi Gallery, Mumbai India e Sakshi Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan
Like A Virgin ..., Lucy Azubuike (NIG) and Zanele Muholi (SA), CCA, Lagos
Praxis: Art in Times of Uncertainty, Second Thessaloniki Biennale of Contemporary Art, Greece
Maputo: A tale of One City, Oslo, part of the Africa in Oslo season.

2008
George Osodi, Paradise Lost: Revisiting the Niger Delta, CCA, Lagos
Ndidi Dike, Waka-into-bondage: The Last ¾ Mile, CCA, Lagos

2007
Fela, Ghariokwu Lemi and The Art of the Album Cover, CCA, Lagos
Contact Zone: Contemporary Art from West and North Africa, National Museum of Mali
Telling... Contemporary Finnish photography, Settima Biennale di Fotografia Africana, Bamako

2006
Dak'Art, Biennale di Dakar, Senegal

Bibliography
Jayne O. Ifekwunigwe: Mixed Race Studies: A Reader — Routledge, 2004.

References

External links

Bisi Silva's blog
Centre for Contemporary Art, Lagos
Bisi Silva on powerofculture.nl
Bisi Silva Obituary On NaijaGists.com
Bisi Silva Obituary, Artforum, 12 March 2019
Bisi Silva remembered in Aperture. 1 Feb 2019
On AICA website, UK
On Art Throb, South Africa
On Africa's Country
Arts Council of African studies Association
Art Africa Magazine
ContemporaryAnd tribute
Nigerian Tribune
Jumoke Sanwo Bisi Silva 1962–2019 African Arts: The MIT Press  Volume 52, Number 4, Winter 2019
In Memoriam: Okwui Enwezor and Bisi Silva

1962 births
2019 deaths
Yoruba women artists
Nigerian artists
Place of birth missing
People from Lagos
People from London
Nigerian art curators
Nigerian women curators
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from cancer in Nigeria


Gillian Rosemary Trumper (April 28, 1936 – October 11, 2019) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Alberni-Qualicum in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2001 to 2005. She sat as a member of the BC Liberal Party. She previously served as Mayor of the City of Port Alberni from 1983 to 2001. She was the Union of BC Municipalities president and its Fisheries Committee chair, West Coast Treaty Advisory Committee chair, and Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District Board chair. She died at the age of 83 from complications of renal failure in 2019.

Electoral record

References

External links
 Profile at the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia

1936 births
2019 deaths
BC United MLAs
Women MLAs in British Columbia
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Politicians from London
People from Croydon
Canadian people of English descent


Ediacaran type preservation relates to the dominant preservational mode in the Ediacaran period, where Ediacaran organisms were preserved as casts on the surface of microbial mats.

Exceptional preservation

All but the smallest fraction of the fossil record consists of the robust skeletal matter of decayed corpses. Hence, since Ediacaran biota had soft bodies and no skeletons, their abundant preservation is surprising. The absence of burrowing creatures living in the sediments undoubtedly helped; since after the evolution of these organisms in the Cambrian, soft-bodied impressions were usually disturbed before they could fossilize.

Microbial mats
Microbial mats are areas of sediment stabilised by the presence of colonies of microbes, which secrete sticky fluids or otherwise bind the sediment particles. They appear to migrate upwards when covered by a thin layer of sediment, but this is an illusion caused by the colony's growth; individuals do not, themselves, move. If too thick a layer of sediment is deposited before they can grow or reproduce through it, parts of the colony will die, leaving behind fossils with a characteristically wrinkled "elephant skin" texture.
Most Ediacaran strata with the "elephant skin" texture characteristic of microbial mats contain fossils, and Ediacaran fossils are almost never found in beds that do not contain these microbial mats.
Although microbial mats were once widespread, the evolution of grazing organisms in the Cambrian vastly reduced their numbers, and these communities are now limited to inhospitable refugia where predators cannot survive long enough to eat them.

Fossilisation
The preservation of these fossils is one of their great fascinations to science. As soft-bodied organisms, they would normally not fossilise. Unlike later soft-bodied fossil biota (such as the Burgess Shale, or Solnhofen Limestone) the Ediacara biota is not found in a restricted environment subject to unusual local conditions: they were a global phenomenon. The processes that were operating must have been systemic and worldwide. There was something very different about the Ediacaran Period that permitted these delicate creatures to be left behind. It is thought that the fossils were preserved by virtue of rapid covering by ash or sand, trapping them against the mud or microbial mats on which they lived. However, it is more common to find Ediacaran fossils under sandy beds deposited by storms or high-energy, bottom-scraping ocean currents known as turbidites. Soft-bodied organisms today almost never fossilise during such events.

Types of preservation

Three different preservational modes are known:

 Flinders-style: Such as found in Ediacara, the fossils are preserved on the underside of usually coarse grained sandstone beds;
 Fermeuse-style: A subset of Flinders-style, known from deep water only.  Only trace fossils and imprints of holdfast structures are preserved; the soft tissue itself has decayed (although the sediment within the holdfasts remains);
 Conception-style: The fossils are preserved as an impression in an overlying bed of freshly fallen volcanic ash, often in exquisitely fine detail;
 Nama-style: Fossils are preserved in three dimensions, within fine-grained beds that were deposited in single storm or mudflow events.

Hypotheses for Flinders-style preservation

Microbial mats
The presence of widespread microbial mats probably aided preservation by stabilising their impressions in the sediment below, in combination with the formation of iron sulfides and pyrite to form a "death mask" mantling the organisms.

Rapid cementation of overlying sediment
Many models suggest that overlying sediment mineralized before the underlying organism decayed, causing the un-mineralized underlying sediment to fill the void after decay.

One mode of early sediment mineralization, which accounts for the occurrence of this preservational mode into the Cambrian and its increasing scarcity thereafter, is silicification: this links the preservation of the fossils to the higher silica content of oceans before sponges, diatoms and other silica sinks became widespread.

This hypothesis struggles to account for a number of observations, particularly in the Flinders and White Sea deposits; it is therefore difficult to argue that it formed a necessary component of Ediacara type preservation.

Sediment rheology
In Flinders-style preservation, the overlying sediment always has a larger grain size than the sediment layer beneath.  Because sediments with smaller grain sizes are more fluid, these can be squeezed up into a void that forms as organic material begins to decay.  This model, proposed by Mary Wade in 1969, has found experimental support from cardboard-containing Death Star ice cubes.

What is preserved?
The rate of cementation of the overlying substrate, relative to the rate of decomposition of the organism, determines whether the top or bottom surface of an organism is preserved. Most disc-shaped fossils decomposed before the overlying sediment was cemented, and the ash or sand slumped in to fill the void, leaving a cast of the underside of the organism.

Conversely, quilted fossils tend to decompose after the cementation of the overlying sediment; hence their upper surfaces are preserved. Their more resistant nature is reflected in the fact that in rare occasions, quilted fossils are found within storm beds, the high-energy sedimentation not having destroyed them as it would have the less-resistant discs. Further, in some cases, the bacterial precipitation of minerals formed a "death mask", creating a mould of the organism.

References

Ediacaran life
Fossilization
Ediacaran fossil record


Crescent Toys was a British toy manufacturing company in operation from 1922 to 1980.

Overview
Crescent Toys manufactured lead [hollow-cast] figures and animals, die cast metal vehicles, toy guns, hollow cast and later plastic figures and toy soldiers of various historical periods. The firm was founded by Henry Eagles and Arthur Schneider and was located at 67, DeBeauvoir Crescent, Kingston Road, London.
Henry George Eagles was one of seven children born of William Eagles, a lifebelt maker, and his wife Emily. At some point in the 1930s, one of Henry's brothers, Arthur, joined the Company under the name of Mr. Harvey (to avoid suspicion of nepotism) and worked as a foreman in the lead casting shop. It was understood that during the early part of the Second World War, Arthur Schneider went to America because of the connotation with Germany that his surname gave. Henry's health deteriorated and Arthur (Harvey) carried more of the responsibility of running the factory aided by Doris Eagles, one of Henry's four children. Henry, known to most of us as 'Harry', died in 1942 and his brother, my father, known as Mr. Harvey, continued to manage the business, which by now was manufacturing munitions' parts. At the end of the war, Henry's two sons, Harry and Ernie, who had served in the armed forces, joined Crescent along with their younger brother Frank and they together with their sister Doris, the Company Secretary, held the controlling interest.

History
Mr. Harvey was given 1,000 shares in Crescent Toy for his caretaker role and purchased a house of some standing in Potter Street, Essex. Die Cast Machine Tools, a small company in Green Lanes, Palmers Green had supplied Crescent with Die Casting Machines and took on casting work subcontracted from them. They soon realised that there was more to be made from selling the finished product than just the parts. In consequence, they used what knowledge they had gained to become fierce competitors in every field that they could.

Meanwhile, with an eye to the development grants then available for industry to move to Wales, Crescent decided to open a factory and my father spent over two years travelling to, and working in, Cwmcarn until the factory was opened in 1949. His co-directors, my cousins, loved Wales and all decided to shut the Tottenham factory and move there. Having spent two years in an area where he said the rain came at you horizontally, dad said he wouldn't move but would continue in Tottenham and supply Crescent with toys cheaper than they would be able to make them in Wales.

Discord between the families got rather bitter and 'Mr. Harvey' set up The Harvey Toy Company in Commerce Road, Wood Green, in the name given to him by his brother many years before. He then sought an alliance with the old enemy - Die Casting Machine Tools - who by then were Trading as Lone Star Products, Californian Screen Blocks, A.G.M. Industries, and several other names. His House in Potter Street had to go and we moved to Abbey Road in Bush Hill Park. Of his three children, Ronald, the youngest, worked in Lone Star's Tool Room alongside 'Smith & Odell' (later of 'Matchbox' fame) my Brother Anthony eventually went into the 'Church', and I ran a Rotational Moulding and Vacuum Forming Company and in more recent years developed a plastics assembly process marketed as PHASA.

The Toy Soldier and Toy Gun Markets seemed as though they were really killed off in America as a consequence of the Vietnam War

Prior to the war, Crescent acquired moulds and stock from C.W. Baker which traded as Reka. Crescent manufactured a series of dioramas depicting various shops and a classroom from 1950s Britain. The company also manufactured Dan Dare sets of figures and Thunderbirds toys.

See also
 Hollow casting
 Toy soldier

References

Defunct toy manufacturers
Toy brands
Model manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Toy cars and trucks
Toy soldier manufacturing companies
British companies established in 1922
Manufacturing companies established in 1922
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1980
British companies disestablished in 1980
Toy companies established in 1922


The Motorola i1000plus is a Motorola iDEN series phone. The phone came out in 1999. It is a clamshell phone. The phone featured the direct connect feature (Two way radio). On Nextel, it offered Nextel Net and other Nextel features. The i1000 plus is a digital phone. The phone, on the battery pack section and with the flip closed measures about 1 inch in thickness.

References

i1000plus


UNAP may refer to:
 Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno (1856)
 United Nurses and Allied Professionals
 Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (1961)
 Universidad Arturo Prat (1984)


"Hell Yeah" is a song by American R&B singer Ginuwine featuring rapper Baby. It was written, produced, and arranged by R. Kelly for his album Chocolate Factory, however in the wake of his sexual misconduct allegations, it ended up being sold to Ginuwine fourth studio album The Senior (2003), because of its hedonistic lyrical content. Released as the album's lead single, the song became a top 20 hit in the United States, peaking at number seventeen on the US Billboard Hot 100, and reached the top thirty in the United Kingdom. The official remix features Baby and Clipse along with Kelly and Clipse. A music video for "Hell Yeah" was shot in Las Vegas and includes a cameo by rapper Snoop Dogg and comedian DeRay Davis.

Track listing

Credits and personnel
Credits lifted from the liner notes of The Senior.

Baby – vocals, writer
Ginuwine – executive producer, vocals
David McPherson – co-executive producer

R. Kelly – arranger, producer, writer
Jerry Vines – co-executive producer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2003 singles
Birdman (rapper) songs
Ginuwine songs
Songs written by R. Kelly
Song recordings produced by R. Kelly
Songs written by Birdman (rapper)


Shaukat Ali Khan  (1879 - 27 August 1941), better known as Fani Badayuni (his takhallus), was an Indian Urdu poet.

Early life
He was schooled at Government High School and graduated from Bareilly College in 1901, studied law at Aligarh Muslim University, earning L.L.B. degree in 1906.

Career
Badayuni started composing poetry around twenty years of age.

In Hyderabad
Badayuni migrated to Hyderabad, India after the Nizam's diwan Maharaja Kishan Prasad 'Shad', an Urdu lover and poet, got Fani appointed in the department of education.

Bibliography
His first collection of poems was published in 1917 from Badaun by Naqib Press. His other published works are:

 Baqiyat-e-Fani (1926) published by Maktab-e-Agra
 Irfaniyat-e-Fani (1938) published by Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu
 Fani ki nadir tahriren: Havashi, tasrihat aur tanqidi ja'ize ke sath by Shaukat Ali Khan Fani Badayuni (1968)
 Intikhab-i Fani (Silsilah-yi matbu°at) by Shaukat °Ali Khan Fani Badayuni
 Irfaniyat-i-Fani: Ya'ni Janab Shaukat Ali Khan Sahib Fani Badayuni ke qadim-o-jadid kalam ka mukammal majmu'ah (Silsilah-e-Anjuman-e
 Taraqqi Urdu) by Shaukat Ali Khan Fani Badayuni (1939)
 Kulliyat-i Fani (Silsilah-e-matbu'at) by Shaukat Ali Khan Fani Badayuni (1992)

See also

 List of Indian Urdu poets
 List of Indian poets

References

Further reading
 Fani Badayuni (Urdu writer) by Mughni Tabassum, pp. 92 (1993)
 Jadid Urdu Shairi by Abdl Qadir Sarwari (1946)
 Tareekh-o-tanqeed Adabiyat-e-Urdu by Hamid Husain Qadri (1947) Agra
 A History of Urdu Literature by Muhammad Sadiq-(1967)
 A detailed account of Fani's personal life can be found in the Urdu book Durbaar-e-Durbaar, by Sadq Jaisi and in the English translation (The Nocturnal Court) of the same book by Narendra Luther.

External links

Fani Badayuni  at Kavita Kosh (Hindi font)
Fani Badayuni at Urdupoetry.com

1879 births
1961 deaths
Indian male poets
Urdu-language poets from India
20th-century Indian Muslims
Writers from Hyderabad, India
People from Budaun
Faculty of Law, Aligarh Muslim University alumni
19th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian poets
Poets from Uttar Pradesh
19th-century Indian male writers
20th-century Indian male writers
Writers from British India


The 1966 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing title open to Group C Improved Production Touring Cars. It was contested over a single 20-lap race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on Easter Monday, 11 April 1966, and was the seventh running of the Australian Touring Car Championship. The race was sponsored by the Neptune Oil Company, Sydney.

Ian Geoghegan, driving a Ford Mustang, claimed his second Australian Touring Car Championship title and the first of four consecutive titles that he would achieve in Mustangs.

Race summary
Ian Geoghegan had upgraded to a Ford Mustang and took pole position ahead of Norm Beechey, who had qualified both his Mustang and his new Chevrolet Chevy II Nova. Despite lapping quicker in the Mustang, Beechey elected to race the more powerful Chevy II Nova. Don Smith had qualified sixth in his Holden EH S4, but was unable to start due to an accident in a preliminary race.

Beechey led away from the start and gradually increased his lead during the first half of the 20-lap race, moving 9.6 seconds ahead of Geoghegan by the end of lap 8. Three cars had been retired at this point: T. McGee's Morris Cooper, Malcolm Bailey's Ford Zephyr and Bob Edgerton's Morris Cooper S.

Geoghegan started to reduce the gap on lap 9 and caught Beechey on lap 13 before passing him on lap 14. Terry Allan retired from the race on lap 13 while fellow Holden runner Warren Weldon retired on lap 16 with a broken crankshaft. Beechey's pace dropped off for the remainder of the race, with reported clutch troubles, allowing Geoghegan to take an easy victory. Kevin Bartlett, driving an Alfa Romeo GTA, was the only other driver to finish on the lead lap, albeit nearly two minutes behind Beechey. John Harvey and Phil Barnes completed the top five, one lap down on the leaders.

Results

Notes:
 Class winners are indicated by bold text.
  Norm Beechey qualified in both his Ford Mustang and his Chevrolet Chevy II Nova but chose to race the latter.

Statistics
 Attendance: 20,000
 Pole position: Ian Geoghegan, 2:40.7
 Fastest lap: Ian Geoghegan, 2:40.4 (New record)
 Race distance: 20 laps, 123.44 km
 Winner's average speed: 135.89 km/h

References

External links
 1966 touring car racing images

Australian Touring Car Championship seasons
Touring Cars
Motorsport in Bathurst, New South Wales


Gogarth railway station served a sparsely populated area on the north shore of the Dyfi estuary in the Welsh county of Merionethshire.

History

Opened by the Great Western Railway on 9 July 1923 and originally named Gogarth Halt, it had a short wooden platform with no shelter. The station passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. Renamed Gogarth on 6 May 1968, services were suspended from 14 May 1984 due to the deteriorating structural condition of the platform and cost of repairs needed.
The station was officially closed by the British Railways Board on 30 September 1985.

The site today

Trains on the Cambrian Line pass the site of the former halt but there is no trace of its existence. Only the access path leading from a lay-by on the A493 road exists.

Notes

References

External links
Station on navigable O. S. map

Disused railway stations in Ceredigion
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1923
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1985
1923 establishments in Wales


Carlos Quintero Arce (February 13, 1920 – February 15, 2016) was a Mexican prelate of the Catholic Church. At his death, he was the oldest Mexican bishop.

Priest
Quintero Arce was born in Etzatlán, Mexico, and was ordained a priest on April 8, 1944, for the Archdiocese of Guadalajara. He was appointed Bishop of the Diocese of Ciudad Valles on March 20, 1961, and consecrated on May 14, 1961. Quintero Arce was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Hermosillo on March 3, 1966, and succeeded as bishop upon retirement of Archbishop Juan María Navarrete y Guerrero on August 18, 1968. Quintero Arce retired from the Archdiocese of Hermosillo on August 20, 1996. He died at his home in Hermosillo, Sonora, on February 15, 2016, at the age of 96.

References

External links
Catholic-Hierarchy
Archdiocese of Guadalajara
Archdiocese  of Hermosillo

20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Mexico
Quintero Arce, Carlos
1920 births
2016 deaths


"L'Égyptienne" is a world music song performed by Belgian singer Natacha Atlas and French group Les Négresses Vertes. The song was written by Atlas, Matthias Canavese, Stéfane Mellino and Michel Ochowiak and produced by Les Négresses Vertes for the Atlas' second album Halim (1997). It was released as a single in 1998.

Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "L'Égyptienne".

CD single
"L'Égyptienne" (Radio Edit) – 3:28
"L'Égyptienne" (Alternative Frantic Funk radio edit) – 3:39

Promotional CD single
"L'Égyptienne" (Radio Edit) – 3:28
"L'Égyptienne" (Album Version) – 3:59

12-inch single
"L'Égyptienne" (Alternative Frantic Funk instrumental) – 4:58
"L'Égyptienne" (Alternative Frantic Funk mix) – 4:58
"L'Égyptienne" (JR Hypno Funk instrumental) – 4:53
"L'Égyptienne" (JR Hypno Funk vocal) – 4:53

Personnel
The following people contributed to "L'Égyptienne":

Natacha Atlas – lead vocals
Les Négresses Vertes – production
Alf – engineering
Frank L – artwork

References

External links
Official website

1998 singles
Electronic songs
Natacha Atlas songs
Songs written by Natacha Atlas
1997 songs


A deck prism, or bullseye, is a prism inserted into the deck of a ship to provide light down below.

For centuries, sailing ships used deck prisms to provide a safe source of natural sunlight to illuminate areas below decks.  Before electricity, light below a vessel's deck was provided by candles, oil and kerosene lamps—all dangerous aboard a wooden ship. The deck prism laid flush into the deck, the glass prism refracted and dispersed natural light into the space below from a small deck opening without weakening the planks or becoming a fire hazard.

In normal usage, the prism hangs below the overhead and disperses the light sideways; the top is flat and installed flush with the deck, becoming part of the deck. The lens shapes were naturally derived from the process of handmaking the glass on an 'iron' and would have predated the ability to manufacture flat glass. (A plain flat glass window would just form a single bright spot below—not very useful for general illumination—hence the prismatic shape.)

To maximize light output, the glass used was originally made colorless with the addition of manganese dioxide; the purple hue of some specimens is caused by decades of exposure to UV.

Aboard colliers (coal ships), prisms were also used to keep check on the cargo hold: light from a fire would be collected by the prism and be made visible on the deck even in daylight.

The names "deck light", "dead light" or "deadlight" are sometimes used, though the latter is uncommon as a reference to prisms, as more often refers to non-opening plain-glass panels. Deadlights were commonplace for lighting underground vaults in the 19th century, in which application they were also called "pavement lights" (UK) or "vault lights" (US).

See also
 Prism lighting
 Prism glass
 Porthole
 Daylighting
 Liter of Light

References

Prism
Prisms (optics)
Energy-saving lighting


André-François Boureau-Deslandes (21 May 1689 – 11 April 1757) was a French philosopher.

Deslandes has been viewed as an important precursor of the Encyclopédistes. He was appointed Commissioner of the Port of Brest in 1716, was a corresponding member from La Rochelle of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, and a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

Family background

Deslandes was born into an important family in Pondichéry. He was the son of André Boureau-Deslandes (born in Tours) and grandson of François Martin (1634–1706), the founder and first governor of Pondichéry.

His father André Boureau-Deslandes played a major role in the diplomatic relations between France and Siam, then in India where he became Director General of Commerce in Bengal. On his return to France, he was sent to Saint-Domingue as an officer in the Navy of the kings of France and Spain, and inspector-general of "l'Assiente". He was ennobled by letters in 1703 and died at Léogâne in 1707. In 1686 he married Deslandes' mother, Marie-Françoise, the daughter of the famous knight Martin, the governor of Pondichéry. They had eight children of which six survived, including two who became clergymen. Deslandes' father brought François Martin's Memoirs back to France as books of manuscripts, and they were later published in three volumes.

Works
L'apotheose du beau-sexe, 1712
Reflexions sur les grands hommes qui sont morts en plaisantant , 1712. English translation by Abel Boyer, 1713
Histoire critique de la philosophie, 1737.
Pigmalion ou la statue animée, 1741
Essay sur la marine et sur le commerce, 1743
Lettre sur le luxe , 1745

References

1689 births
1757 deaths
18th-century French philosophers
Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–1772)
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
Denis Diderot


The Crosman 2100B (Crosman 2100 Classic) is an American-made pneumatic air gun that is manufactured for small game hunting, large and small pest control, and target shooting.

Design overview
The 2100 Classic is manufactured with adjustable iron sights, but the 2100 Classic also has a dovetail rail for fitting a scope onto the gun. The materials are very basic:

Barrel: Rifled Steel

Stock: Synthetic

Forearm: Synthetic

Muzzle velocity:
 pellet: 725 fps
 BB: 755 fps

Also, for loading the magazine, there is a 17-shot magazine and a 200-round-capacity reservoir in the stock for BBs.  Pellets are single shot only.

Operation
Like most air rifles, the 2100 has only one safety, located behind the trigger, but the 2100 also comes with a plastic trigger block to put behind the trigger when not in use, and is only operated by an included special key. To put the gun into a fire-ready mode, the operator must work the action fully open, whether or not a round will be fired, and then close the action fully. Before or after working the action, the operator has to work the air pump at least once to shoot the round, but like most multi-stroke pneumatic air rifles, three pumps is usually the minimum for firing a powerful round, depending on the distance the round is being fired. And most importantly, the safety must be OFF to fire.

Loading
In order to load the 2100, the Repeater Magazine spring must be pulled back and locked into its notch to keep it in place, and then, after loading the BB reservoir, shaking the rifle up and down or in a twisting motion until the magazine is fully loaded, and then snapping the magazine spring back into the normal position. Then, when the action is worked, the magnetic bolt automatically loads a round into the chamber. Working the action multiple times will put more ammunition into the barrel, but they will roll out of it because only the first round is magnetically held in place.

Legality
Even though most American States do not regard BB guns as firearms, some states' definition of firearms (i.e. Michigan) is misleading. Though they may consider .177 caliber spring, gas, or air BB guns not to be firearms, the usual definition is only limited to smooth-bore BB guns, so one should be careful handling BB guns openly as many airguns look very similar to actual weapons and can be mistaken as such by the police.

See also
Crosman
Crosman Nightstalker

References
Product Page
Crosman Online Store Page

External links

Manual
 Complete Model 2100 Classic Owner's Manual

Images
 Full Left-Side View
 Thumbnail

Air guns of the United States


The Naked Heart (French title: Maria Chapdelaine) is a 1950 British-French historical drama film directed by Marc Allégret, based on the novel Maria Chapdelaine by Louis Hémon. The film stars Michèle Morgan, Kieron Moore and Françoise Rosay. It was released in separate English and French versions. A previous film version had been made in 1934.

It tells the story of a  convent girl in a remote Northern Canadian village at the beginning of the 20th century.

Cast
 Michèle Morgan as Maria Chapdelaine
 Kieron Moore as Lorenzo Surprenant
 Françoise Rosay as Laura Chapdelaine
 Jack Watling as Robert Gagnon
 Philippe Lemaire as François Paradis
 Nancy Price as Theresa Suprenant
 Francis de Wolff as Papa Suprenant
 George Woodbridge as Samuel Chapdelaine
 Brian Roper as Tit-Be Chapdelaine

References

External links
The Naked Heart at the British Film Institute

1950 films
1950s English-language films
English-language French films
1950s French-language films
British historical drama films
1950s historical drama films
Films directed by Marc Allégret
French black-and-white films
Films based on French novels
Films based on Canadian novels
Films set in Quebec
1950 drama films
British black-and-white films
1950s British films
1950s French films
1950s multilingual films
British multilingual films
French multilingual films


Enea Silvio Piccolomini (German: Johann Norbert Piccolomini; Papal States, c. 1650 – Pristina or Skopje, Ottoman Empire, 9 November 1689) was a Sienese nobleman whose lineage included two popes, and who served in the Habsburg army of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. He is known for leading a campaign against the Ottomans in Bosnia, Macedonia and Kosovo in 1689, and for setting on fire Skopje, the present day capital of the Republic of North Macedonia.

Origins

Enea Silvio Piccolomini came from the long-established noble family Piccolomini, which included two popes: Pius II (born Enea Silvio Piccolomini) and Pius III (born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini), as well as the Generalfeldmarschall Ottavio Piccolomini.

Early career

Young nobles left Siena individually and contacted the important Italian lobby in Vienna, hoping to obtain junior positions in some German regiment. In February 1660 Enea Silvio also left Siena to look for a career in Vienna. Enea Silvio's father established him in an apartment in the imperial capital, with a page, two valets, and a groom for his horses, while the youngster sought audiences with the emperor Leopold I, empress, the archduke and important ministers on the credentials of his famous ancestors.

A breakthrough came when he managed to obtain a position in the regiment of the minister Count Rabassa. Enea Silvio's situation, like that of other young German and Italian officers, was precarious. When the emperor dissolved some of his regiments in October 1660, he narrowly escaped complete unemployment and was happy to be a simple comet in his patron's cavalry regiment.

In 1675 Enea Silvio was a lieutenant-colonel on a campaign. He describes some desperate and bloody engagements he fought against the French in the Rhineland under Montecuccoli.

Although his court patron, the empress Claudia Felicitas of Austria died in 1676, he gained sudden popularity with the court, and in January 1677 he describes himself as being feted by the emperor and all the ministers in Vienna - appearing to have as many friends at court as if he had never left it. The last letter from November 1681 shows him negotiating through the Dowager Empress Leonora for the positions of pages for his nephews; for him, they represented two more Piccolomini and Sienese in Germany.

Campaign in the Balkans

After the siege of Vienna (1683), emperor Leopold I mounted a series of campaigns against the Ottomans (see: Great Turkish War), to capture territories of the Balkans.

During the Battle of Mohács (1687) Enea Silvio Piccolomini, now a lieutenant-general, with some of his cavalry regiments successfully counterattacked and stopped the attack of the numerically much superior Ottoman Sipahi cavalry, helping in saving the left-wing of the Habsburg army.

In 1689 one of the Austrian campaigns was led by Piccolomini. He led an army into Kosovo, where it was welcomed by Albanian Archbishop and Patriarch of Këlmendi, Pjetër Bogdani, and large numbers of Catholic and Muslim Albanians and Serbs, who joined the army. Piccolomini thus had over 20,000 Albanians and Serbs under his orders.

He attempted to conquer the Ottoman territories of Kosovo, Bosnia and Macedonia. During the offensive, the city of Skopje, the present-day capital of the Republic of Macedonia, was plagued by epidemics of cholera. To prevent the outburst of the disease, or, by other accounts, to retaliate for the siege of Vienna, General Piccolomini ordered the city to be burned (see Fire of Skopje). He perished of the plague himself in Skopje; leaderless, his army was defeated. Many of the Serbs and Albanians fled into exile, led by the Patriarch Arsenije III Crnojević.

Sources
 The decline of a provincial military aristocracy: Siena, 1560-1740 by  Gregory Hanlon.
 Richter, Die Piccolomini (Berlin, 1874)
 A. Lisini and A. Liberati, Albero della famiglia Piccolomini (Siena, 1899)
 Articles by A. Lisini in the Miscellanea storica senese, 3rd series 12, and 4th series, 17 and 189.

See also

 Piccolomini
 Great Turkish War
 Holy League (1684)
 Jovan Monasterlija

References

1689 deaths
Austrian generals
Italian generals
Austrian people of Italian descent
Italian untitled nobility
People of the Great Turkish War
Year of birth uncertain
Military personnel of the Habsburg monarchy
People from Siena
Enea Silvio


H1 histone family, member N, testis-specific is a member of the histone family of nuclear proteins which are a component of chromatin.  In humans, this protein is encoded by the H1FNT gene.

The H1FNT protein is essential for nuclear formation in spermatozoa, and is involved in the replacement of histones with protamines during spermiogenesis.

References

External links


Shimshon Avraham Amitsur (born Kaplan; ; August 26, 1921 – September 5, 1994) was an Israeli mathematician. He is best known for his work in ring theory, in particular PI rings,  an area of abstract algebra.

Biography
Amitsur was born in Jerusalem and studied at the Hebrew University under the supervision of Jacob Levitzki.  His studies were repeatedly interrupted, first by World War II and then by the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.  He received his M.Sc. degree in 1946, and his Ph.D. in 1950.  Later, for his joint work with Levitzki, he received the first Israel Prize in Exact Sciences.  He worked at the Hebrew University until his retirement in 1989. Amitsur was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study from 1952 to 1954. He was an Invited Speaker at the ICM in 1970 in Nice. He was a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences, where he was the Head for Experimental Science Section.  He was one of the founding editors of the Israel Journal of Mathematics, and the mathematical editor of the Hebrew Encyclopedia.  Amitsur received a number of awards, including the honorary doctorate from Ben-Gurion University in 1990.  His students included Avinoam Mann, Amitai Regev, Eliyahu Rips and Aner Shalev.

Awards
Amitsur and Jacob Levitzki were each awarded the Israel Prize in exact sciences, in 1953, its inaugural year.

See also

Amitsur–Levitzki theorem
List of Israel Prize recipients

Publications

References

 "Shimshon Avraham Amitsur (1921 — 1994)", by A. Mann, Israel Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 96 (December 1996), ix - xxvii.

External links

 Colleagues, students and family sharing personal experiences with Shimshon Amitsur. Video recording from the 27th Amitsur Memorial Symposium 2020.

Einstein Institute of Mathematics alumni
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
20th-century Israeli Jews
Israel Prize in exact science recipients
Israel Prize in exact science recipients who were mathematicians
Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
20th-century Israeli mathematicians
Algebraists
Linear algebraists
Scientists from Jerusalem
1921 births
1994 deaths
Burials at Har HaMenuchot


Donald Barthelme Sr. (August 4, 1907 – July 16, 1996) was an architect in Houston, Texas, a teacher of architecture as a professor at the University of Houston and Rice University, and the father of novelists Donald Barthelme Jr, Frederick Barthelme, and Steven Barthelme.

Barthelme was born on August 4, 1907, in Galveston, Texas. After studying at the Rice Institute in Houston for two years, in 1926 he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1930. That same year he married Helen Bechtold of Philadelphia. After graduation, he worked as an architect in Philadelphia until late in 1932, when he returned to Texas.

A highlight of Barthelme's early career in Texas was his work on the Texas Centennial Exposition, for which he was the lead designer of the exposition's centerpiece building, the Hall of State, which is considered a masterpiece of the Art Deco style and is now the home of the Dallas Historical Society. After the outbreak of World War II he worked on war-related projects. He was a designer on the Avion Village Housing Project near Dallas and later was supervising architect for the Big Spring Air Base in West Texas and war-related housing projects in Galveston and Sweeny, Texas.

Beginning in 1942 and continuing through his retirement from architecture practice in 1963, he designed many school buildings for the West Columbia Independent School District in Brazoria County, Texas. His school designs, the best known of which was the West Columbia Elementary School (1951), earned national and international awards and were featured in numerous publications.  He came to be considered an expert on school design, wrote and lectured extensively on the subject, and was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1955 in recognition of his work in school architecture. His other notable projects included the St. Rose of Lima Church and School (1948), which was the first modernist Catholic church in Houston and the first building in the city to win an award of merit from the AIA.

From 1946 to 1973 Barthelme served on the faculty of the Architecture Department at the University of Houston, where he was influential in helping to shape the program in its early years. He also was William Ward Watkin Professor and chairman of the Architecture Department at Rice University from 1959 to 1961, and spent time as a visiting professor at both the University of Pennsylvania and Tulane University.

Barthelme and his wife had five children. The eldest, Donald Barthelme Jr. (1931–1989), became famous as a writer and novelist and another son, Frederick Barthelme (1943- ), became a prominent exponent of minimalism in American fiction.  A third son, Steven Barthelme, is also a prominent novelist.

Donald Barthelme Sr. died on July 16, 1996.

References

External links
Donald Barthelme Sr., Architectural Drawings and Photographs Special Collections, University of Houston Digital Library.

American ecclesiastical architects
1907 births
1996 deaths
Rice University alumni
University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni
Rice University faculty
Architects from Houston
University of Houston faculty
Fellows of the American Institute of Architects
People from Galveston, Texas
Architects of Roman Catholic churches
20th-century American architects


The basal angiosperms are the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular, the most basal angiosperms were called the ANITA grade, which is made up of Amborella (a single species of shrub from New Caledonia), Nymphaeales (water lilies, together with some other aquatic plants) and Austrobaileyales (woody aromatic plants including star anise).

ANITA stands for Amborella, Nymphaeales, I lliciales, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileya. Some authors have shortened this to ANA-grade for the three orders, Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales, since the order Iliciales was reduced to the family Illiciaceae and placed, along with the family Trimeniaceae, within the Austrobaileyales.

The basal angiosperms are only a few hundred species, compared with hundreds of thousands of species of eudicots, monocots, and magnoliids. They diverged from the ancestral angiosperm lineage before the five groups comprising the mesangiosperms diverged from each other.

Phylogeny

Amborella, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales, in that order, are basal to all other angiosperms.

Older terms

Paleodicots (sometimes spelled "palaeodicots") is an informal name used by botanists (Spichiger & Savolainen 1997, Leitch et al. 1998) to refer to angiosperms which are not monocots or eudicots.

The paleodicots correspond to Magnoliidae sensu Cronquist 1981 (minus Ranunculales and Papaverales) and to Magnoliidae sensu Takhtajan 1980 (Spichiger & Savolainen 1997). Some of the paleodicots share apparently plesiomorphic characters with monocots, e.g., scattered vascular bundles, trimerous flowers, and non-tricolpate pollen.

The "paleodicots" are not a monophyletic group and the term has not been widely adopted.  The APG II system does not recognize a group called "paleodicots" but assigns these early-diverging dicots to several orders and unplaced families: Amborellaceae, Nymphaeaceae (including Cabombaceae), Austrobaileyales, Ceratophyllales (not included among the "paleodicots" by Leitch et al. 1998), Chloranthaceae, and the magnoliid clade (orders Canellales, Piperales, Laurales, and Magnoliales). Subsequent research has added Hydatellaceae to the paleodicots.

The term paleoherb is another older term for flowering plants which are neither eudicots nor monocots.

References

External links
tolweb.org

Angiosperms


Casanova & Co. is a 1977 fictional period comedy film starring Tony Curtis. It had many titles during its international release. These are Casanova & Company (Italy),  (Finland),  (Greece),  (West Germany), Sex on the Run (United States) (reissue title), Some Like It Cool (US), The Amorous Mis-Adventures of Casanova (United States) (video title), The Rise and Rise of Casanova (United Kingdom), and  (France)).

The action revolves around the adventures of Giacomo Casanova with various women, and takes place during the state visit to the Republic of Venice of the Middle-Eastern entourage of a mythical Caliph of Shiraz, anomalously dominated by his sexually hungry wife, styled Calipha.

Plot
While hiding from the royal authorities, Giacomo Casanova (Tony Curtis), the famous romancer, encounters his look-alike: Giacomino, a fugitive petty con man. Meanwhile, the Caliph and his wife arrive in Venice for a state visit, and she insists on a night with the legendary lover. Through a series of erotic encounters and mistaken-identity comedies, Giacomo and Giacomino make their way back to Venice for their appointment with the Caliph's wife.

Differing edits
The initial English-language export version was prepared under the title Casanova & Company and ran 100 minutes. When released in U.S. theatres by PRO International under the titles Some Like it Cool and Sex on the Run, some trimming was performed, a brief prologue depicting the present-day Las Vegas strip of casinos with a narrator comparing the impending story's events to high-stakes gambling was added, and the credits altered to feature just the retitling and the prime star names at the beginning, with the remainder of the previous title sequence placed at the end, sandwiched between closing credit frames. This version was subsequently released on VHS by Vestron Video (under their short-lived "Wanderlust Video" sub-label), and reissued in the 90s by Monterey. When the film was reissued on DVD in 2004 as The Amorous Mis-Adventures of Casanova, the Las Vegas intro was removed, a new videoburned title was placed at the front (with a new copyright line at the bottom of the frame), and the exit music was omitted, shortening the running time further.

Cast
Tony Curtis as Giacomino/Casanova
Jean Lefebvre as The Sergeant
Marisa Berenson as The Caliph's Wife
Britt Ekland as Countess Trivulzi
Sylva Koscina as The Prefect's Wife
Hugh Griffith as The Caliph
Umberto Orsini as Count Tiretta
Marisa Mell as Duchess of Cornaro
Andréa Ferréol as The Baker's Wife
Victor Spinetti as The Prefect
Jenny Arasse as Cecilia
Jacques Herlin as Senator Dell'Acqua
Jeannie Bell as Fatme
Lillian Müller as Beata
Olivia Pascal as Angela
Katia Christine as Sardella

Critical response

In a way, the United States title of Some Like It Cool was a piquant comment on the career of star Tony Curtis, whose stardom had chilled since his 1959 appearance in Some Like It Hot. This time around, Curtis plays famed 18th-century lover Giacomo Casanova. The plot would have us believe that Casanova has suddenly turned impotent, and is deploying all manner of subterfuge to hide the fact. One of Casanova's stratagems is to hire a look-alike (also Curtis) to uphold his reputation between the sheets. The stellar supporting cast — Marisa Berenson, Hugh Griffith, Britt Ekland et al. — seem far more embarrassed by their tawdry, topless surroundings than Curtis, who steamrolls his way through the film with the same dogged determination that he'd demonstrated in his "Yonda lies the castle of my fadduh" formative years.

Video releases
DVD release 5 October 2004

See also
Casanova's Big Night (1954)

References

External links

1977 comedy films
1977 films
Austrian comedy films
Italian comedy films
French comedy films
Films set in Venice
Films shot in Italy
Films about Giacomo Casanova
Films set in the 18th century
Cultural depictions of Giacomo Casanova
Films directed by Franz Antel
English-language French films
English-language Italian films
1970s Italian films
1970s French films


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Placer County, California.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Placer County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map.

There are 34 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Current listings

|}

See also

List of National Historic Landmarks in California
National Register of Historic Places listings in California
California Historical Landmarks in Placer County, California

References

Placer


A  Peleja do Diabo com o Dono do Céu (also known as Zé Ramalho II) is the second solo album by Brazilian musician Zé Ramalho, released in 1979.

It was his first gold record and it depicts a singer who sees life through a Manichaeist optic according to which everything is about God or the Devil.

Song information
"Admirável Gado Novo", which translates as "Brave New Cattle", mentions ideas from Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, and reflects on the contradictions of a massified capitalist society under an authoritarian rule.

In 1996, the song was featured in the telenovela O Rei do Gados soundtrack (which sold 2 million copies) as the theme song of the landless workers. Indeed, Ramalho wrote it thinking of the Northeastern population of Brazil, which would cross dry lands in search of work and better conditions.

The song is based on baião instrumentation and has a chorus in the form of aboio (a chant by rural workers who handle cattle). The verse "êh, ô, vida de gado" (hey, oh, cattle life) had already been used in other songs such as "Toada de Gado" (written by Vavá Machado and Arlindo Marcolino and performed by Quinteto Violado) and, in this song, it becomes a metaphor for the people's lives in general.

"Falas do Povo", which has social critiques and features Jorge Mautner on the violin, was dedicated to Geraldo Vandré, one of Ramalho's influences. "Beira-Mar" is a galope à beira-mar (a type of poetry derivative of the martelo agalopado) and it marks the beginning of a trilogy that continues on "Beira-Mar – Capítulo II" (from 1982's A Força Verde) and ends on "Beira-Mar – Capítulo Final" (from 1998's Eu Sou Todos Nós). The lyrics come from a cordel work written by Ramalho in 1977 and titled "Apocalypse". The first part of this text would later appear on "Canção Agalopada", a song from his next album A Terceira Lâmina (1981).

"Agônico" is an instrumental track in which Ramalho plays all instruments (violas, bass, percussion, drum, piano, pandeiro and voice effects). Named by Mautner, the track would be later re-released with lyrics on the 1998 album Eu Sou Todos Nós, then titled "Agônico - O Canto". Ramalho believes the track to be representative of the similarities that, according to him, exist between music from Northeastern Brazil and music of the Moors, the latter having influenced the former with the arrival of the Portuguese, whose territory had been invaded by North African peoples centuries before.

"Frevo Mulher" was initially composed for the repertoire of Ramalho's then wife Amelinha, who co-sings with him on "Pelo Vinho e Pelo Pão".

Cover
The album cover depicts Zé Ramalho holding an acoustic guitar and impersonating the "owner of Heaven", while a vampiresque woman (Xuxa Lopes) lurks him from behind and his rival José Mojica Marins threatens him. The picture was taken in an abandoned building in Santa Teresa, Rio de Janeiro, and was directed by Ivan Cardoso. In the rest of the booklet, Satã (producer and José Mojica's bodyguard), Mônica Schmidt and Hélio Oiticica; illustrations by Seth (Álvaro Marins); and symbols by Raul Córdula can also be seen.

Reception
The AllMusic review by Alvaro Neder awarded the album  stars stating "More open to pop culture than his predecessors, he brings in this release some of his biggest hits such as "Admirável Gado Novo" and "Frevo mulher" in which northeastern folkloric rhythms/melodies/instruments coexist with contemporary grooves and musical treatments. But it never slips to the muddy trail of easy commercial cliché.".

Track listing
All songs by Zé Ramalho.

A Peleja do Diabo com o Dono do Céu (The Devil's Fight with the Owner of Heaven) – 4:24
Admirável Gado Novo (Brave New Cattle) – 4:53
Falas do Povo (Speeches of the People) – 4:11
Beira-Mar (Near the Sea) – 3:54
Garoto de Aluguel (Taxi Boy) (Boy for rent (Taxi Boy)) – 3:03
Pelo Vinho e Pelo Pão (For the Wine and for the Bread) – 3:19
Mote das Amplidões (Motto of the Amplidãos) – 3:57
Jardim das Acácias (Garden of the Acacias) – 5:10
Agônico (Agonic) – 1:43
Frevo Mulher (Woman Frevo) – 3:38

2003 Re-issue
Admirável Gado Novo (instrumental) – 4:49
Mr. Tambourine Man – 2:26
Hino Amizade (Friendship Anthem) – 3:06
O Desafio do Século (The Challenge of the Century) – 3:41

Personnel
 Zé Ramalho – lead vocals, acoustic guitar, all instruments on "Agônico" (bass guitar, percussion, viola, pandeiro, piano, drum, lead vocals)
 Elber Bedaque – drums on "Jardim das Acácias"
 Pepeu Gomes — electric guitar on "Jardim das Acácias"
 Jorge Mautner — violin on "Falas do Povo"
 Geraldo Azevedo — twelve-string guitar on "Admirável Gado Novo"

References

1980 albums
Zé Ramalho albums
Epic Records albums