The Nickelodeon sitcom iCarly (2007–2012) centers around Carly Shay, who creates her own web show with her best friends Sam and Freddie. The series stars Miranda Cosgrove as Carly, Jennette McCurdy as Sam, Nathan Kress as Freddie, Jerry Trainor as Spencer, and Noah Munck as Gibby. iCarly was created by Dan Schneider, who also serves as executive producer. Two television films, iGo to Japan and iParty with Victorious, a crossover with Victorious, were released in 2008 and 2011 respectively. A joint spin-off with Victorious, titled Sam & Cat, starring McCurdy and Ariana Grande as Cat Valentine from Victorious, aired on Nickelodeon from 2013 to 2014.

In 2021, a revival of the series was released for Paramount+, with Cosgrove, Kress, and Trainor continuing their roles, and also starring Laci Mosley as Carly's best friend Harper and Jaidyn Triplett as Freddie's stepdaughter, Millicent. The series was developed by Ali Schouten without Schneider's involvement, who also serves as executive producer alongside Cosgrove.

Main characters

Overview

Carly Shay
Carly Shay (Miranda Cosgrove) starts as a 13-year-old girl who lives with her older brother, Spencer Shay, in Seattle, Washington. They live in the Bushwell Plaza apartment building.

In "iPilot", Carly takes the blame for one of Sam's pranks and has to oversee people who want to be in the school's talent show as punishment. When Carly, Sam, and Freddie's suggestions are completely ignored, they decide to make a web show named iCarly upon Freddie's suggestion, with the 'i' standing for 'Internet' and Carly's name since she will be the host of the show.

In the 2021 revival, it is revealed that Carly hosted QVC whilst in Italy and hosted college radio while studying theater and media studies. By the events of the reboot, she is sharing an apartment in Seattle with her new friend Harper. After failed attempts to start an Internet channel with romantic interests, she decides to restart her iCarly webshow, with Freddie and Spencer assisting her. Carly's relationship with Freddie develops more throughout the second season, to the point where they start to fall in love with each other again, something established in the season 2 finale and stated by Freddie's then-girlfriend, Pearl.

Sam Puckett
Samantha "Sam" Puckett (Jennette McCurdy) is Carly's best friend and co-hosts the iCarly webshow with her. Sam has an identical twin sister named Melanie. Their mother is Pam Puckett (Jane Lynch).

In the series finale, "iGoodbye", Sam and Carly take a break from their web show while Carly moves to Italy. Sam becomes a lead character in the spin-off series Sam & Cat, in which she moves to Los Angeles and becomes friends with Cat Valentine (a character originally from Victorious) after rescuing her from a garbage truck.

In the 2021 revival, it's revealed that Sam had left Los Angeles and joined a biker gang that travels the country.

Freddie Benson
Fredward "Freddie" Benson (Nathan Kress) is the technical producer for the web-show iCarly. He is shown to have feelings for Carly that she is aware of but doesn't reciprocate, and Sam tends to bully and berate him, although their relationship develops in later seasons.

In the 2021 revival, it is revealed that in the nine years since they were last together, Freddie had been involved in a failed tech start-up, had two failed marriages, and was forced to move back in with his mother along with his adopted stepdaughter Millicent. Freddie's relationship with Carly develops romantically again in season 2, to the point where they start to fall in love again, something established in the season 2 finale and established by Freddie's then-girlfriend, Pearl. Freddie becomes Carly's boyfriend in season 3 and she reveals she wants to marry him in "iGo to Toledo", when she says she hopes to one day be known as a Benson too.

Spencer Shay
Spencer Shay (Jerry Trainor) is Carly's older brother. He was the only adult main character in the original series. Spencer is immature, irresponsible and hyperactive. When Carly's dad was called overseas, she went to live with Spencer, who turned their loft into both a workspace and gallery for his wacky sculptures. Spencer is off-beat but acts responsibly and seriously when necessary. Though often spontaneous and unreliable, Spencer has been shown as being extremely protective of Carly, especially in episodes such as "iQuit iCarly", "iLook Alike", and "iDate a Bad Boy".

In the 2021 revival, it is revealed that Spencer became a millionaire after one of his sculptures was accidentally set on fire and inadvertently seen by the art audience as a political statement. He has since remodeled his apartment, but kept the third floor intact, allowing Carly and Freddie to use it to restart their webshow. He also opened a restaurant on the former Groovy Smoothie location called Shay What. In the third season, it is revealed he that he was a sperm donor and that he has 11 biological children.

Gibby
Orenthal Cornelius "Gibby" Gibson (Noah Munck) is a friend and classmate of Carly and Sam. Due to his odd personality and chubby appearance, he is an outcast at school, although he does have a few friends. He used to be known for taking off his shirt in almost all episodes he appeared in. After season 4, he has not taken his shirt off and stated in "iStill Psycho" that he takes it off "less frequently now". He often appears on iCarly to assist Carly, Sam, and Freddie. Gibby started off as an occasional recurring character of the show, but was promoted to a main character by season 4. Gibby has a little brother named Guppy, played by Munck's younger brother. A running gag in many episodes usually has many characters yelling "Gibby!" to him, either when they are aggravated or annoyed by him. Since becoming a series regular, Gibby often announces his presence upon entering a room by saying his own name in a deepened voice: "Gibbeh!" It was revealed in the episode, "iStill Psycho", that his birth name is Orenthal Gibson.

Harper
Harper Bettencourt (Laci Mosley) is Carly's new best friend and roommate. She is an aspiring fashion designer and works as a barista at Skybucks Coffee Bar after her family lost their fortune.

Following Mosley's casting in March 2021, Mosley has been the target of racist attacks from fans who saw her as a "replacement" for Jennette McCurdy's Sam Puckett. Writer Franchesca Ramsey tweeted in response, "[Mosley]'s character Harper isn't replacing Sam [McCurdy's character from the original].

Millicent
Millicent Mitchell (Jaidyn Triplett) is Freddie's snarky and social media-obsessed adopted stepdaughter. Freddie shares custody of her with her mother, Gwen.

Recurring characters

Marissa Benson
Marissa Benson (Mary Scheer) is Freddie's stereotypical, overbearing, sensitive, and cautious mom, first appearing in "iWanna Stay with Spencer". She is neurotic, worried about Freddie getting hurt, having relationships with girls, and constantly treats her son like a child. She wanted Carly to love Freddie in "iWill Date Freddie", but later came to resent her for changing Freddie's "boy chemistry". Marissa constantly embarrasses Freddie in public, often by making him follow all of her strange rules. In the revival, she bonds well with her adopted granddaughter Millicent. In season 3 Marissa is engaged to Lewbert.

Lewbert
Lewbert Sline (Jeremy Rowley) is the rude doorman of Carly's apartment. He has a large, noticeable wart on his left cheek. In "iFind Lewbert's Lost Love", he reveals that the wart developed from stress caused by his abusive ex-girlfriend, Marta.

In the 2021 revival, it is revealed that a month after Carly left for Italy, Lewbert had abruptly left the apartment building, and spent nine years trying to build a plan to get back at the iCarly gang by going to law school and becoming a lawyer in order to sue them for $2.4 million. In season 3, it showed that he is engaged to Mrs. Benson.

T-Bo
Terrence "T-Bo" Bo (BooG!e) is the manager at the Groovy Smoothie. He often hassles his customers to buy random foods, such as bagels, bell peppers, doughnuts and pickles, alongside smoothies. These foods are always skewered on a stick. T-Bo says he has a degree in "Smoothieology". He is a close friend of Carly, Spencer, and the rest of the gang.

Socko

Socko is Spencer's longtime friend since high school, who is mentioned in several episodes but never seen in person. He is known for making all of Spencer's brightly colored, light-up socks and is shown to come from a large family that all have names directly relating to their occupations. He often commissions Spencer to make sculptures for his business.

Nevel Papperman
Nevel Amadeus Papperman (Reed Alexander) is a recurring villain in the iCarly series, running the popular review website Nevelocity.com and tending to have a "posh" personality which includes dressing formally all the time. First appearing in "iNevel", Nevel reveals to have a crush on Carly and initially offered to interview her in order to get close to her, but Carly resisted his romantic advances, eventually retaliating by angrily smearing tapenade on his face after he kissed her. He has since made it his goal to destroy the iCarly gang.

Chuck
Chuck Chambers (Ryan Ochoa) first made an appearance in "iHurt Lewbert", when playing racquetball in the lobby, which Spencer got him grounded by his father for two days. Later in the episode, when Spencer is out of earshot, he uses the CB radio that Spencer is using to upset two truckers and gives the truckers the location so that they can come and get Spencer. Since then, Chuck and Spencer became rivals and have clashed on several more occasions, usually ending with Spencer winning and Chuck getting in trouble with his father. He later re-appears in the reboot series' second season's second episode "iObject, Lewbert!", where he commits perjury under the authorities' noses by falsely testifying against Carly and Spencer in court.

Guppy
Guppy Gibson (Ethan Munck) is Gibby's younger brother. He first appears in "iPsycho" when he visits Gibby, who is staying with Spencer and Carly. Guppy later frees the iCarly gang from a recording booth while Gibby distracts Nora, the girl who trapped the iCarly gang. Guppy is played by Noah Munck's real-life brother, Ethan.

Charlotte
Charlotte Gibson (Deena Dill) is Gibby and Guppy's mother. She dates Spencer in "iFix a Pop Star", but he breaks up with her because he thinks she looks too much like her son Gibby, which makes her become aware of his resemblance to Carly.

Maeve
Maeve (Lyric Lewis) is Harper's cousin who disappeared four years prior to the beginning of the revival series and had been presumed kidnapped. She resurfaces in the episode "iTake a Girl's Trip" to spend time with Harper. However, she meets Spencer and inadvertently upsets Harper by dating him and choosing to move into his apartment while she looks for a place of her own.

Ridgeway Junior High School

Faculty
Principal Ted Franklin (Tim Russ) is the school principal, who is fond of Carly, Freddie and occasionally Sam.

Miss Francine Briggs (Mindy Sterling) is a mean English teacher that Carly and her friends like to tease. She is also one of Spencer's former teachers.

Mr. Howard (David St. James) is a math teacher and detention moderator with an extremely unpleasant personality. He is a vindictive, hateful, perpetually angry person. Everyone at Ridgeway, including Carly and her friends as well as Principal Franklin, dislike him, and the feeling is mutual.

Mr. Devlin (Adrian Neil) is a British history teacher at Ridgeway Middle School. According to Freddie, he is snotty and very strict to his students.

Miss Lauren Ackerman (Jessica Makinson) is an emotionally unstable, verbally abusive history teacher at Ridgeway. She appears in the episode "iHave A Lovesick Teacher," where she dates Spencer. While dating Spencer, she is kind and giddy.

Mr. Stern (Joseph Buttler) is a teacher at Ridgeway Middle School. He is very strict and usually seen coming out of the teacher's lounge when there is an emergency.

Mr. Henning (Andrew Hill Newman) is a hippie science teacher at Ridgeway Middle School. Spencer once had him as a science teacher but complained that Henning was like a freaky weirdo and smelled like rotting wood.

Superintendent Harold Gorman (Weston Blakesley) is the Superintendent of Ridgeway Middle School and Principal Franklin's boss. He appeared in "iHave My Principals".

Students
Missy Robinson (Haley Ramm) was Carly's best friend, because both of their fathers were stationed at the same naval base at Seal Beach when they were seven, before Carly met Sam.

Valerie (Carly Bondar) was Freddie's girlfriend in "iWill Date Freddie" but was actually using him as help in creating her own webshow so that it could overshadow iCarly.

Jeremy (Nathan Pearson) is a sickly boy who is known as "Germy" because he has been constantly sneezing and coughing since first grade. Like Freddie, he is also fascinated with electronics, and was the tech-producer and cameraman for iCarly.

Wendy (Mary Ann Springer) is one of Carly and the gang's friends on the show.

Wesley (Colin Spencer [Season 1], Victor Kelso [Season 7]) is one of Freddie's friends.

Ripoff Rodney (Christopher David III) is a student at Ridgeway who sells random items at high prices.

Duke Lubberman (Doug Brochu) is an aggressive student in Ridgeway who likes to wrestle.

Jocelyn (Cynthia Dallas) is a rude senior who appears in "iMake Sam Girlier".

Jonah (Aaron Albert) was Sam's boyfriend in "iHate Sam's Boyfriend".

Jake Krandl (Austin Butler) is Carly's first love interest in "iLike Jake". Almost every other girl in Carly's school has a crush on Jake.

Magic Malika (Skyler Day) only appeared in "iSpeed Date" as a date for Freddie to the Girls' Choice dance. She had a very odd personality and is a skilled magician.

Pete (Graham Patrick Martin) is Sam's love interest in "iMake Sam Girlier".

Shane (James Maslow) was Carly and Sam's crush in "iSaw Him First", who Carly and Sam found very attractive, but he falls down an elevator shaft.

Shannon Mitchell (Annamarie Kenoyer) was Gibby's crush in "iWin a Date". In turn, she had a major crush on Freddie, but Freddie wanted nothing to do with her.

Shawn (Matthew Moy) is a friend of Carly, Sam, and Freddie who is also part of the Mathletes club with Freddie in "iMeet Fred".

Simon Kendall (Simon Bernal) was a boy who could squirt milk out of his eye. He appeared in "iPilot" and "iCarly Awards".

Rueben (Gary Pease) was Gibby's best friend who had a crush on Sam since he first saw her.

Minor characters
Officer Carl (Christopher Michael) is a police officer that appeared in "iWant More Viewers" and "iMove Out".

Aspartamay (Jack Black) is Spencer's online video game rival in "iStart a Fan War". He and Spencer come face-to-face at Webicon.

Pam Puckett (Jane Lynch) is the mother of Sam Puckett and her sister Melanie. Pam appears only in "iSam's Mom". She was frequently mentioned throughout the first three seasons, but had never been seen in person.

Krustacia (Irina Voronina) is Spencer's date in the episode "iSell Penny Tees". She is a foreign woman from Uzbekistan. She speaks no English, so Spencer has to use hand motions to communicate with her.

Gordon Birch (J. D. Walsh) and Jodi Flooger (Rakefet Abergel) are a couple from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who only appear in the episode "iDo".

Harper (Leon Thomas III) is the leader of the band that played in "iCarly Saves TV". He played the piano on the TV show and sang a song on guitar on the webshow.

Greg Horvath (Kevin Symons) is the CEO of the DAKA Shoe Company (also mentioned in Drake & Josh) in "iPromote Techfoots".

Mr. Galini was the Italian owner of Galini's Pie Shop, featured in "iPie".

Mario (Jim Pirri) is an Italian immigrant friend of Mr. Galini who works at Galini's pie shop. He told Carly and the gang that Mr. Galini died. His only appearance was in "iPie".

Trudy Galini (Wendy Haines) is the granddaughter of Mr. Galini, seen in the episode "iPie". She is very awkward and weird, and seems to lead a depressing life.

Shelby Marx (Victoria Justice) appears only in "iFight Shelby Marx". She is the youngest champion in the CFC and becomes a friend of Carly, Sam and Freddie.

Ginger Fox (Betsy Rue) only appears in "iFix a Popstar". She is a parody of singer Britney Spears. She was once a Pop Music Award-winner

Shadow Hammer (Aaron Aguilera) is a criminal who appears in "iSam's Mom".

Chip Chambers (Jacob Bertrand) is the more menacing younger brother of Chuck Chambers.

Mrs. Papperman (Wendy Braun) is Nevel's mother. She is only seen in "iNevel," in which she forced Nevel to remove a bad review he wrote about iCarly.

The Dorfmans (Dalton O'Dell, Shane Partlow, Casey Williams, and Stephanie C. Allen) are Carly's dorky cousins whom she despises due to them being uncontrollably annoying.

Kyoko and Yuki (Ally Maki and Harry Shum, Jr.) are two Japanese webstars whom iCarly competed against in iGo to Japan. They attempted to ruin iCarly's chances of winning the iWeb Awards by stranding them in the middle of nowhere.

Mystery Girl is a little girl (Anna Clark) who appears in "iSpace Out". She arrives at Spencer and Carly's apartment while Carly is away at space camp.

Gunsmoke (Anthony Vitale) is a bodyguard who appears in "iSam's Mom". Mrs. Benson hires him to protect Freddie when she worries about the Shadow Hammer.

Marta Trundel (Kit Pongetti) is Lewbert's former girlfriend. Carly, Sam, and Freddie try to reunite Marta and Lewbert to put an end to Lewbert's attitude in "iFind Lewbert's Lost Love", only to find out that they broke up after 5 weeks of dating because of Marta's obsessiveness and that she is the presumed cause of Lewbert becoming an irritable person.

Wade Collins (Alex Schemmer) is a British-Canadian aspiring singer and a shouter who refers to Americans as "hobknockers".

Doug Toder (Daniel Samonas) is Spencer's old archrival who only appears in "iFence". He challenged Freddie to a fencing competition, only to be beaten by him and Ms. Benson.

Veronica (Valerie Azlynn) was Spencer's date in "iMake Sam Girlier", but their relationship happened only because she liked his tuxedo. She returns in "iEnrage Gibby", to express condolence when she thinks Spencer is dead.

Detective Stuart 'Spanky' Stimbler (Ryan Bollman) is a childhood bully of Spencer who only appears in "iStakeout". His nickname "Spanky" refers to the fact that he likes to spank unsuspecting people as a joke.

Tasha (Emily Ratajkowski) is Gibby's girlfriend. She had a minor role in "iSpeed Date" and a major role in "iEnrage Gibby".

Harry Joyner (Oliver Muirhead) is Spencer's favorite sculptor who appears in "iHeart Art". According to Joyner, he has made a sculpture out of every substance known to man, and when he met Spencer for the first time, he was planning to make a human sculpture.

Amber Tate (Rachel G. Fox) is a spoiled child actress that appears in "iCarly Saves TV", in which she is rude to the iCarly gang. She has a small dog who vomits on Freddie.

Granddad Shay (Greg Mullavey) is a lawyer and Carly and Spencer's paternal grandfather who lives in Yakima, Washington.

Col. Steven Shay (David Chisum) is Carly and Spencer's father who is a Colonel in the United States Air Force. He has appeared in a few episodes, but has mostly been stationed on a base in Italy. In the final episode, Carly left Seattle to stay with him in Italy.

Amanda "Mandy" Valdez (Aria Wallace) is an obsessed fan of iCarly and only appears in "iAm Your Biggest Fan" and "iWant My Website Back".

Nora Dershlit (Danielle Morrow) is a psychotic and lonely social outcast who is a crazy fan of iCarly and has no friends.

Griffin (Drew Roy) is a bad boy that Carly dates in "iDate a Bad Boy". Griffin steals Spencer's motorcycle and Spencer takes him under his wing.

Sasha Striker (Lorena York) is the world's best Pak-Rat (parody of Pac-Man) player who appeared in "iStage an Intervention".

Jackson Colt (Terrell Lee) is a top 10 MMA fighter and appears only in "iLook Alike".

Hazel (Sherry Weston) is an elderly woman that Gibby met while riding down the street on his bike in "iDo". Once he sees her, he asks her if she can help him retrieve a five-dollar bill that he spotted in a tree. She accepts the offer, but only after Gibby promises her they will go get coffee afterwards. She helps him get the bill by letting him get on her shoulders. After retrieving the bill, she falls down and Gibby drives off and forgets about her. She is last seen on the ground mumbling "Are we still going to get coffee?".

Cal (Jake Siegel) was Carly's assistant in "iGo Nuclear". He was helping her with a school science project for her teacher, Mr. Henning. Cal was actually a criminal because he built illegal nuclear projects using black market uranium. His criminal history is revealed at the end of the episode.

Mitch (Danny Woodburn) appears in "iChristmas". He is the guardian angel who granted Carly's wish for Spencer to become normal.

 (Jennette McCurdy) is Sam's identical twin sister who appears in "iTwins". According to Sam, she is a straight "A" student, follows all the rules, and goes to a fancy boarding school in Blandale, Vermont.

Fleck and Dave (Daven Wilson and Joey Luthman) are two teenage boys who cohost a web show and appear in "iQuit iCarly". The two are good friends but have very different opinions.

Cort and Ashley (Daniel Booko and Teresa Castillo) are two teenagers hired as interns in the episode "iHire An Idiot".

Steven Carson (Cameron Stewart) is Carly and Tori's ex-boyfriend on "iParty with Victorious".

Goopy Gilbert (Jeremy Dozier) is an extreme Seddie fan best known for shouting "SEDDIE!" He is first seen in "iStart a Fanwar" as a Seddier in the crowd. In "iLost My Mind", he is the second video chatter debating whether or not Sam and Freddie should be together. He loves spaghetti and his bedroom is decorated with pictures of Sam and Freddie.

Guest appearances

References

Characters
Lists of American sitcom television characters
Lists of Nickelodeon television series characters


QAGS (Quick Ass Game System) is a generic tabletop roleplaying game. Setting for this system have varied and ranged widely.

History
In 1998, three gamers (Steve Johnson, Leighton Connor, and Dale French) published the First Edition of the game after a year of development.   Since then, QAGS (pronounced "kwags") has  been updated with a Second Edition, and the publisher, Hex Games, has continued to release games.

To date, Hex Games has used the core system for M-Force: Monster Hunting In The 21st Century, Rasslin’, Qerth, The Adventures Of Sindbad, Rocket Jocks, Weird Times At Charles Fort High,
Funkadelic Frankenstein on the Mean Streets of Monstertown, "Hobomancer", "Edison Force", and "The Pytheas Club", as well as several stand alone adventures such as Deep Space Rescue and The Dungeon Of Moderate Annoyance (Not Nearly So Bad As The Dungeon Of Infinite Pain).

In 2001, Hex Games was the Gaming Guest of Honor at Marcon 36. In 2006, Hex was the "Gaming Guest" of Honor at Archon 30.

Game mechanics
In QAGS, player characters are defined by six Words.  Body, Brain, and Nerve represent the character’s physical, "intellectual" and mental (willpower and social skills, for example) abilities. Job, Gimmick and Weakness represent what the character does, what makes him unique in the world, and what limits him in a grand Shakespearean way. These last three Words are qualified. A character’s Job might be “Animal Control Officer”, his Gimmick “Hide In Plain Sight”, and his Weakness “Dies if touches peanut butter”. Each of these six Words is assigned a Number ranging from 6 to 16.  Skills, areas of knowledge that round out the character, with Numbers ranging from +1 to +5 are also assigned, and they will be used to modify target numbers when rolls are called for. Numbers are generated by using either the Qik Start system that relies on dice-rolling, or the Point Built system in which the player is given a certain number of points with which to create the character.

Player characters are further fleshed out by assigning them a Tag Line (something that the character routinely says, such as “Jinkies, a Clue!”), WWPHITM (Who Will Play Him/Her In The Movie), and any number of Dumb Facts.

When the Game Master determines that a character’s action goes beyond what would be considered normal or everyday, she decides what Word is applicable and use that Word’s Number as the target number. If no Word is applicable, the GM will use half the player’s Body, Brain or Nerve Number rounded down as a default target number. Any Skill modifiers are added to determine the modified target number.  Then she asks the player to roll a 20-sided die; no other dice are required to play QAGS.  The number rolled on the die is then compared to the modified target "number" assigned to the appropriate Word.  If the roll is under the modified target number, the action succeeds; over the modified target number, a failure.  If two characters are in opposition, hand-to-hand combat for example, then the higher successful role is the one that actually succeeds.

In an example of play, a PC, Rollo the Superspy, wants to impress Isvestia, a beautiful Ruritanian counterintelligence agent, at the casino in Monte Carlo. He adds his +2 skill in “Tango Dancing” to the 12 of his “Superspy” Job, which she will oppose with her 15 Nerve.  He rolls a 13 while she rolls a 4. Both are "successful", but his roll, being higher, is the one that succeeds. The result should be that he has her eating out of his hand, but Rollo also has “Overplays His Hand” for a Weakness with a Number of 13.  He rolls a 9, and the Weakness wins and takes effect, thus releasing Isvestia from her fascination.

Simple dice-rolling is augmented by the use of Yum Yums. Yum Yums are anything compact and edible, anything from hard candies to potato chips. Yum Yums may be used to buy automatic successes, chances to re-roll failed rolls, and to modify things like damage given and taken. They also give players a chance to take control of a game and determine details about the game world. Additional Yum Yums are handed out for advancing the plot, role-playing well, or making the GM snort lemonade out her nose.

In the play example of Rollo the Superspy (eyeballing Isvestia across the ballroom floor), he can throw the GM a Yum Yum instead of rolling dice, granting him an automatic success in his attempt to impress Isvestia. The GM again invokes his weakness, but Rollo can throw another Yum Yum to avoid having his Weakness take effect.  Now Isvestia's ready to tell him "anything".

Complexity
QAGS can be as complex or as simple as the GM and players want it to be, and the rules can be easily adapted to include whatever mechanic a new setting might require.  For example, Rasslin’ needed to add a mechanic for resolving the showy combat of professional wrestling; Rocket Jocks needed rules for spaceship combat; and Weird Times at Charles Fort High needed an alternative point-build character generation system to balance the different paranormal characters.

Reviews
Pyramid

References

External links
Hex Games company website
QAGS Review, RPGnet, August 29, 2003
QAGS Review, d21gaming.com, June 29, 2007
QAGS Review, RPGnet, September 26, 2005
QAGS featured in article about Rules Light RPGs, BellaOnline, 2009
Hex Games Listing, RPGnet Game Index

Universal role-playing games
Role-playing game systems


Terrence Nolen, usually called Terry Nolen, is an American theater director and the producing artistic director of the Arden Theatre Company.

In 1988, Nolen co-founded the Arden Theatre Company with  Amy Murphy and Aaron Posner. He has helped the Arden garner 182 Barrymore Award nominations and 35 awards. He has won the 2006 Barrymore for best director for Opus and Winesberg, Ohio, the  Harold Prince Award For Outstanding Direction of a Musical for Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street in 2005, and the Harold Prince Award For Outstanding Direction of a Musical for The Baker's Wife in 2001.

Interviews
http://phillyist.com/2006/06/02/phillyist_inter_9.php
http://pennsylvania.broadwayworld.com/viewcolumn.cfm?colid=21609
http://www.broadwayworld.com/viewcolumn.cfm?colid=21609

References

American theatre directors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Club One Fitness Centers (Club One Inc.) was a San Francisco-based chain of health clubs and in-house gymnasium facilities managed on behalf of corporate clients.

The chain was founded in 1991 by a husband and wife team who had operated health clubs before.  Jill Kinney had been a professional downhill ski racer, before opening a small club, the Physis Gym, in San Francisco.  She later became Chief Operating Officer of a nationwide chain, and was responsible for opening the original "Sports Club LA"  Incorrectly noticing that nearly all health clubs were independent, she worked with future husband John Kinney to write a business plan for a multi-outlet health club.  The couple obtained a founding investment from the Kikkoman soy sauce company, and opened their first gym in the Citicorp Center in San Francisco.  It grew quickly during the dot com boom as many companies established in-house gyms as a perquisite for employees.

The first corporate facility was started in 1995, after Autodesk, Inc. contacted the couple about opening an in-house gym exclusively for company employees.  Similar concessions were opened for The Gap and Electronic Arts

In 2004 the chain had 19 public clubs, several dozen in-house gyms with more than 500,000 corporate members, and approximately 1,500 employees in ten states.  The company managed health clubs at six Jewish Community Centers.

In March 2014, Sausalito, CA-based Active Sports Clubs purchased the majority of the assets of Club One Inc.

References

Health clubs in the United States
Companies based in San Francisco
Medical and health organizations based in California


Christian Brüls (born 30 September 1988) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belgian Pro League club Zulte Waregem.

Career

Eupen
Born in Malmedy, Belgium, Brüls began playing football when he was four, signing for Grün-Weiß Amel. He remained at the club until he joined Eupen when he was a minor and at the club he started his career.  Brüls made his Eupen debut on 10 December 2005, coming on as a substitute for goal scorer Gilles Colin, in a 2–0 win over Oud-Heverlee Leuven and went on to make six appearances for the club that season. In the 2006–07 season, Brüls made his first appearance for the club on 30 August 2006, when he played for 72 minutes, in a 3–1 win over Dessel Sport. However, Brüls' appearance was restricted to fourteen appearances in all competition despite the club's faced the season with injury crisis.

In the 2007–08 season, Brüls started the season well and scored his first goal for the club on 15 September 2007, in a 3–1 win over Deinze. Brüls' second goal for the club then came on 11 November 2007, in a 1-0 win over Vigor Wuitens Hamme and his third goal came a month later on 15 December 2007, in a 3-3 draw against Oostende. His fourth goal came on 18 February 2008, in a 4-1 win over Namur. Brüls made thirty-two appearances and scored four times in all competition despite suffering from a foot injury.

Partly because of his strong performances for the young Red Devils, he attracted the interest of some Belgian top clubs, including Club Brugge, Germinal Beerschot and Gent.

MVV Maastricht
Nevertheless, he chose to play for Dutch Jupiler League club MVV Maastricht, signing a four-year contract on 23 June 2008. It was a hectic transfer-season for Brüls, as Trabzonspor had signed him first. After some negotiations between MVV Maastricht and Trabzonspor, Brüls had permission to play for the Dutch side.

Brüls made his MVV Maastricht debut in the opening game of the season, making his first start, in a 0–0 draw against PEC Zwolle. Two weeks later on 22 August 2008, he set up two goals, in a 3-1 win over Helmond Sport. Brüls scored his first MVV Maastricht goal on 31 October 2008, in a 3-2 win over AGOVV Apeldoorn. Brüls scored two more goals later in the season against Zwolle, as well as, providing a hat-trick assists and Dordrecht. Despite suffering from an injury, Brüls finished his first season at the club, making thirty-seven appearances and scoring three times in all competition.

The 2009-10 season saw Brüls continued to be a first team regular at the club and scored his first goal of the season on 15 September 2009, in a 3-1 win over Veendam. Brüls later scored three more goals later in the season against Volendam (which he also scored in another encounter on 19 February 2010) and Eindhoven. Brüls finished the 2009-10 season, making thirty-four appearances and scoring four times in all competition.

Westerlo
On 22 June 2010, Brüls returned to Belgium after two years away from the country, signing for Westerlo on a two–year contract. However, according to the transfer, MVV Maastricht received a small transfer fee from Westerlo.

Brüls made his Westerlo debut in the opening game of the season, making his first start and played the whole game, in a 1–0 loss against Gent. It wasn't until on 29 August 2010 when he scored his first Westerlo goal, in a 2–1 loss against Club Brugge. His second came on 13 November 2010, in a 1–0 win over Charleroi. As the 2010–11 season progressed, Brüls scored three more goals against Standard Liège, Lokeren and Zulte Waregem. He also provided two assists, in a 2–0 win over Anderlecht on 20 February 2011. Brüls finished his first season at Westerlo, making thirty–nine appearances and scoring five times in all competition.

At the start of the 2011–12 season, Brüls played his first Europa League game, where he started and played the whole game, in a 1–0 win over TPS in the first leg of the second round. After missing out the second leg, Brüls scored his first goal of the season in the first leg of the third round, in a 3–1 loss against Young Boys and was eliminated from the Europa League after losing 2–0 in the second leg. Brüls played five league appearances for Westerlo and provided two assists against Gent and Cercle Brugge.

Gent
His display at Westerlo attracted interests from Gent and Genk. Brüls joined Gent on 31 August 2011, signing a four-year contract, and saw Shlomi Arbeitman joined Westerlo on a season–long loan. It appeared that Brüls was on verge of joining reigning champion Genk, signing a four-year contract with them before joining Gent instead.

Brüls made his Gent debut on 11 September 2011, where he set up one of the goals, in a 3–1 win over Zulte Waregem. Two weeks later on 24 September 2011, Brüls scored his first Gent goal and setting one of the goals, in a 4–3 win over Sint-Truidense It wasn't until on 21 April 2012 when Brüls scored his first goals, in a 4–1 win over Kortrijk. Four weeks later on 10 May 2012, Brüls scored again, in a 2–1 loss against Standard Liège. Brüls finished the 2011–12 season, making forty appearances and scoring three times in all competitions and was the club's top assister with eighteen.

The 2012–13 season saw Brüls start the season for Gent when he provided two assists, in a 3–2 win over Differdange 03 in the second leg of the second round of the UEFA Europa League. However, in the second leg of the third round of the UEFA Europa League, Brüls received a straight red card in the 64th minute, in a 3–0 loss against Videoton and saw them eliminated from the competition after losing to them 4–0 on aggregate. Brüls then scored his first goal for the club, as well as, setting up one of the goals, in a 2–0 win over Waasland-Beveren on 18 August 2012, followed up by scoring in the next game on 26 August 2012, in a 2–1 win over Lokeren. It wasn't until on 18 May 2013 in the second leg of the league play–off Europa League against Oud-Heverlee Leuven, Brüls scored again, in a 4–1 victory for the club. Though the club were unsuccessful to qualify for the Europa League following a loss against Standard Liège and suffered his own injury concerns, Brüls finished the 2012–13 season, making forty–one appearances and scoring three times in all competition.

Nice (loan)

Ligue 1 side Nice expressed their interests in signing Brüls and on 29 June 2013, he joined Nice on a season long loan deal, with an option of signing the player permanently. Upon joining the club, Brüls was given number ten shirt for the new season.

Brüls made his Nice debut, in the opening game of the season, making his first start, in a 4–0 loss against Lyon. In a match against Lille on 15 September 2013, Brüls provided a double assist for Darío Cvitanich, in a 2–0 win and it was followed up by scoring his first Nice goal, in a 4–0 win against Valenciennes. His performance throughout September earned him an award for Player of the Month by Nice supporters. January  saw Brüls scored three more goals in all competition against Nantes, Ajaccio and Marseille. As the 2013–14 season progressed, Brüls went on to make thirty–eight appearances and scoring four times in all competition.

Following the conclusion to the season, it was announced that the club decided against signing Brüls on a permanent basis, citing sporting and financial as the main factor.

Stade Rennais

On 30 July 2014, Brüls signed for another Ligue 1 side, joining Rennes on a three–year contract. It wasn't until on 6 October 2014 when Brüls was given number thirteen shirt.

Brüls suffered a foot injury at the start of the season and was sidelined for three months. In November 2014, Brüls recovered from a foot injury and made his full return to training. It wasn't until on 29 November 2014 when Brüls made his Stade Rennais debut, coming on as a substitute in the second half, in a 2–0 win over Monaco. In the next game against Nice on 3 December 2014, Brüls set up a goal for Anders Konradsen, in a 2–1 win for Stade Rennais. However, Brüls' first season at Stade Rennais was restricted to twelve appearances in all competitions.

However, ahead of the 2015–16 season, Brüls' first-team opportunities was expected to be limited after Philippe Montanier told him he won't be featured in his plan. Following his loan spell at Standard Liège came to an end, Brüls said he's uncertain on his future at Stade Rennais whether or not he would play for the club next season.

Standard Liège (loan)
Brüls returned to Belgium when he re–joined Standard Liège on a season-long loan deal on 18 August 2015.

Brüls scored on his Standard Liège debut, where he made his first start, in a 2–1 loss against Oostende. Thirty days later, on 23 September 2015, Brüls scored again in the sixth round of the Belgium Cup, in a 3–2 win over Coxyde. In a rivalry match against Anderlecht on 8 November 2015, Brüls received a red card after a second bookable offence, in a 1–0 win for Standard Liège. However, Brüls struggled at the club, due to his injuries concern and faced criticism from fans for his performance. As a result, his appearance was restricted to fourteen appearances and scoring once in all competition. Following this, Brüls returned to his parent club after being told by the club's management that he won't be returning.

Zulte Waregem
On 5 January 2023, Brüls signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with Zulte Waregem.

Personal life
Born in Malmedy, Belgium, Brüls was raised in the German-speaking Community of Belgium and speaks German and French.

In addition to becoming a footballer, Brüls revealed he is planning to be a carpenter, having taken carpenter courses. Brüls also revealed he smoked cigarettes and while at Westerlo, he smoked ten to fifteen times a day. Brüls ultimately stopped smoking when he learned that his father, who was diagnosed with cancer, died in June 2011. In early 2012, Brüls became a father when his wife gave birth to their first child.

Brüls earned the nickname "Tintin".

References

External links
 C. Brüls - Voetbal International
 Brüls'e teklif yağmuru
 Brüls'te karar Yanal'ın

1988 births
People from Malmedy
Footballers from Liège Province
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Belgian men's footballers
K.A.S. Eupen players
Trabzonspor footballers
MVV Maastricht players
K.V.C. Westerlo players
K.A.A. Gent players
OGC Nice players
Stade Rennais F.C. players
Standard Liège players
Pafos FC players
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
S.V. Zulte Waregem players
Belgian Pro League players
Challenger Pro League players
Eerste Divisie players
Ligue 1 players
Cypriot First Division players
Belgian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus


The first USS Willoughby (SP-2129) was a patrol vessel that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919.

Willoughby was built as the wooden-hulled ferry steamer SS Augustus J. Phillips in 1903 at South Rondout, New York. Her name had been changed to SS Willoughby by the time she was chartered by the U.S. Navy from the Chesapeake Ferry Company of Portsmouth, Virginia, for local district patrol duties during World War I. She was assigned the Navy classification SP-2129 and commissioned as USS Willoughby on 8 February 1918.

Willoughby operated in the 5th Naval District for the duration of World War I and ultimately was decommissioned and returned to her pre-war owners on 26 September 1919.

Notes

References

External links

Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War I patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built in New York (state)
1903 ships


The A1 motorway (, ) is a motorway in Bosnia and Herzegovina that is part of the European route E73 and, together with Croatian motorways A10 and A5, and the Hungarian M6, will provide a modern and fast road connection from Budapest to Ploče, a seaport on the Adriatic Sea.
The motorway will connect the capital Sarajevo with other large cities, such as Mostar and Zenica. It will also be the main link to Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Adriatic Sea and Central Europe.

Sections
 Section 1: Sava - Doboj
64 km
 Section 2: Doboj - Sarajevo south (Tarčin)
150 km
 Section 3: Sarajevo south (Tarčin) - Mostar (north)
58 km
 Section 4: Mostar (north) - Croatian border
68 km
Total: 340 km

On 20 June 2013, the 5 km section between Bijača and Kravica was opened. A new border crossing with Croatia opened on June 28.

The motorway passes near the following cities:

Significance
The A1 motorway is the most important road project in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its construction is expected to enhance economic and social activities, and will connect Bosnia and Herzegovina with the major European traffic network.

Exit list
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!scope="col"|km
!scope="col"|Exit
!scope="col"|Name
!scope="col"|Destination
!scope="col"|Notes
|-
| 0.0
|
| Svilaj border crossing
|
| Svilaj border crossing to Croatia. The road continues into Croatia as the A5 motorway towards Osijek.The northern terminus of the motorway
|-
| 0.0
| 1
| Svilaj
|
| Connection to Brod (to the west)
|-
| 9.5
| 2
| Odžak
|
| Connection to Odžak
|-
| colspan ="5" bgcolor=#C0C0C0 |  Odžak - Modriča Modriča - Zenica
|-
| 114.2
| align=center | 12
| Zenica North
|
| Connection to Zenica
|-
| 130.3
| align=center | 13
| Zenica South
|
| Connection to Zenica
|-
| 136.2
| align=center | 14
| Lašva
|
| Connection to Travnik and Vitez (to the west)
|-
| 144.6
| align=center | 15
| Kakanj
|
| Connection to Kakanj
|-
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | 146.7
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc |
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | Kameni Dvorac rest area
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc |
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | Accessible to northbound traffic only
|-
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | 147.9
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc |
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | TE Kakanj
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc |
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | Connection to Kakanj Power Station (accessible to southbound traffic only)
|-
| 161.4
| align=center | 16
| Visoko
|
| Connection to Visoko and Kiseljak
|-
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | 163.5
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc |
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | Visoko rest area
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc |
| bgcolor=#fcdcdc | Accessible to southbound traffic only
|-
| 168.6
| align=center | 17
| Podlugovi
|
| Connection to Ilijaš
|-
| 179.7
|
| colspan=3 | Sarajevo North toll plaza
|-
| 180.3
| align=center | 18
| Sarajevo North
|
| Connection to Vogošća
|-
| 185.1
| align=center | 19
| Butila
|
| Connection to Sarajevo via BC1 expressway
|-
| 189.1
| align=center | 20
| Sarajevo West
|
| Connection to Hadžići (to the south)
|-
| 193
|
| colspan=3 | Sarajevo West toll plaza
|-
| 198.5
| align=center |21
| Lepenica
|
| Connection to Kiseljak (to the north)
|-
| 201.2
| align=center |
| colspan=3 | Lepenica rest area
|-
| 208
| align=center |22
| Tarčin
|
|
|-
| colspan ="5" bgcolor=#C0C0C0 |  Tarčin - Čapljina Čapljina - Međugorje
|-
| 328.8
| align=center |32
| Međugorje
|
| Connection to Međugorje (to the north)
|-
| 334.9
| align=center |
| colspan=3 | Kravica rest area
|-
| 336.5
|
| colspan=3 | Zvirići toll plaza
|-
| 337.5
| align=center |33
| Zvirići
|
| Connection to Ljubuški (to the north)
|-
| 340
| align=center |
| Bijača border crossing
|
| Bijača border crossing to Croatia. The road continues into Croatia as the A10 motorwayThe southern terminus of the motorway.

Environmental concerns  and criticism

Since the beginning proposed route for the A1 highway on corridor Vc was under heavy criticism from environmentalists, groups and concerned citizens, as well as some factions in academic community and media, for its encroachment on many already highly endangered natural phenomena, habitats and to significant extent on specific way of human life in traditional communities in relationship with characteristic Dinaric karst milieu and its characteristic biotope, hydrogeology and topography.

This is especially emphasized in region of Herzegovina where most of Bosnia and Herzegovina's karstic topography and biodiversity is distributed. Several particular sections are of most concern: section in vicinity of Počitelj, section passing through Blagaj, and section through massif of Prenj.

For that reason another variant of the route is proposed for every of three particular problematic sections.

References

Highways in Bosnia and Herzegovina


Elm Court may refer to:
 Elm Court (Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts), straddles Lenox/Stockbridge line, is listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
 Elm Court (Butler, Pennsylvania), listed on the NRHP in Butler County, Pennsylvania
 Elm Court (Newport, Rhode Island), a Gilded Age mansion in Newport.
 Elm Street Court, Urbana, Illinois


Charles Maury Wallace Sterling (born September 1, 1971) is an American actor. He is known for playing Max Piotrowski in Homeland, Rafferty in the comedy film Beverly Hills Chihuahua and Lester Tremor in the action film Smokin' Aces.

Life and career
Sterling was born in Mill Valley, California. He has guest starred on numerous television series, including Judging Amy, ER, Star Trek: Enterprise, 24 and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation to name a few. His only TV series regular was in the sitcom Alright Already, which lasted only one season from 1997-98. It originally aired on the now-defunct WB Television Network.

Sterling has appeared in a number of films, mostly in supporting roles. His prominent role came in the 2006 action film Smokin' Aces where he played Lester Tremor of the psychotic neo-Nazi Tremor Brothers (opposite Chris Pine and Kevin Durand). His role required shaving his head, and shaving his eyebrows off. His other prominent role was in Beverly Hills Chihuahua (2008) as Rafferty, one of the villains who dognap Chloe (the chihuahua voiced by Drew Barrymore).

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
Male actors from California
People from Mill Valley, California


Beo zoo vrt (), also known as Vrt dobre nade (The Garden of good hope), is a publicly owned zoo located in Kalemegdan Park, downtown of Belgrade, Serbia. Established on July 12, 1936, it is considered to be one of the oldest public zoos in southeastern Europe. The zoo covers  and houses a collection of 210 animal species, with approximately 800 individuals, making it the largest zoological garden in Serbia. With around 400,000 annual visitors it is also recognized as one of the most popular tourist attractions in Belgrade.

Belgrade zoo officially applied for EAZA membership in 2017.

History
During the Austrian occupation of northern Serbia from 1717 to 1739, they conducted extensive project of rebuilding Belgrade, turning the city into Westernized European, baroque-style town. This period is today referred to as the Baroque Belgrade. The governor in this period, Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, ordered the construction of Württemberg Palace, a massive building used as his seat, which was located at the modern Republic Square area. There, he formed something of the first zoo in Belgrade. He ordered his soldiers to capture and bring to him "wild beasts from the forests and mountains of Serbia", which were then kept in cages. The Austrians withdrew in 1739 and the Ottomans demolished the building in 1743.

The Belgrade's first general urban plan, which was adopted in 1924, envisioned construction of the zoo in Topčider, at the time on the outskirts of the city.

The present Belgrade Zoological Garden was officially opened on 12 July 1936 by the mayor of Belgrade, Vlada Ilić. The zoo was initially no larger than , but was eventually expanded to about 14 hectares. It quickly became one of the most popular places with the locals and even with the members of the Karađorđević dynasty, who were regulars at the zoo. In the beginning, animals were acquired through personal donations. First group of animals was purchased by mayor Ilić himself while the first manager, Aleksandar Krstić, purchased the first hippopotamus in 1937 to celebrate the birth of his son.

During the Second World War, the zoo was bombed twice, by the Nazis in 1941 and by the Allies in 1944, heavily damaging the infrastructure and killing most of the animals. The zoo also lost seven hectares of land. The 1941 bombing of the zoo was described in Winston Churchill's The Second World War and Emir Kusturica's 1995 film Underground. Miodrag Savković, manager of the zoo during the World War II occupation, was arrested right away by the new Communist authorities, and shot, even though the charges against him nor his resting place are known.

The zoo recovered over time but again faced tough times in the eighties. Animals were neglected and living in bad conditions. In 1984 the zoo received a pair of black rhinoceroses as a gift from the Prime Minister Robert Mugabe and the country of Zimbabwe. Unfortunately, they lived for just a couple of months due to bad care and lack of knowledge about this species. In 1989 Muammar Gaddafi also gave six of his Arabian camels. The government, under the pressure of real estate groups also unsuccessfully tried to appropriate the space to build luxurious hotels, casinos and nightclubs. Belgrade zoo was preserved thanks to efforts from sculptor Vuk Bojović, who served as the zoo's director between May 1, 1986 and his death on September 17, 2014. He received substantial recognition for his work throughout the region. Bojović made various improvements to the living conditions of animals, brought numerous new species to the animal collection - most notably great apes, white tigers, and lions - changed the zoo's bad management, and made it a profitable business.

During the tenure of mayor Dragan Đilas (2008–13), the idea of expanding the zoo to Donji Grad, which it occupied prior to the World War II, resurfaced, but the experts and Bojović himself were against it. The urban plan for the fortress from 1965 already projected the complete relocation of the zoo outside of the fortress, on some of the suburban locations, which in later plans included Veliko Blato, Stepin Lug or Jelezovac. The expansion of the zoo would block the pedestrian pathways between the Danube's and Sava's parts of the fortress, which had been blocked in 1949 but then restored in 2009 with the reconstruction and opening of the Sava Gate. Also, it would prevent the exploration of Donji Grad, which is still largely unexplored and leave the Gate of Charles VI, a masterpiece of Balthasar Neumann, within the zoo itself. By 2017, the zoo had not relocated and the idea of expansion was dropped. There were also ideas to relocate the zoo to the Great War Island, or to the western city outskirts, in Surčin.

In 2022, new city administration headed by mayor Aleksandar Šapić again included relocation of the zoo in the city's urban plan. In February 2023, Šapić announced relocation to the Ada Safari section of Ada Ciganlija island. In turn, this would include relocation of 273 families who live in the area, in the Partizan settlement. The relocation will last for several years. City manager, Miroslav Čučković, explained the relocation: "Since the foundation of the new city administration...we made decisions which are connected to our dedication to spaces to which Belgraders were coming close to in all of these previous years. Those are spaces for which we think should have some new type of content and possibility to directly invest into them". Šapić added that the "political decision was made to handle this", and, if everything goes by the plan, the relocation might be finished in three years.

The new zoo should double its size, from  to . In order to ease the access to the zoo on an island, city will push the construction of the pedestrian bridge and revitalize the project of gondola lift from New Belgrade to Košutnjak, via Ada. Public and expert's backlash against the project was massive, especially regarding hastiness, arbitration, irrelevance, legality and selected location. Public speculated that the residents of the newly built affluent K-Distrikt residential complex across the zoo are bothered by the smell, or that some more lucrative structures might be built instead of the zoo on such exceptional location. Also, relocation to Ada is not legally founded in any of the city plans or documents.

Šapić then back-pedaled a bit, stating that this is just a "political idea" which is not hastily made, that only now analyses and surveys will be done to check the viability, that nothing will be built instead of the zoo but the fortress will be conserved, and that there is no set time frame for the project. However, residents from Partizan said that they were approached regarding their resettlement already in July 2022 but without any mentioning of the zoo to them, which they consider a proof that the relocation was an ad hoc idea.

Animals and exhibits

Belgrade zoo displays a collection of 210 species of animals, with 800 individuals. One of the zoo's biggest attractions are white lions, which are also the zoo's symbol as the name of Belgrade means "white city". The first pair was received in 2005 from the Kruger National Park, making Belgrade zoo at the time the only one in Europe to exhibit these animals. Since welcoming its first cub in 2008, the zoo has had significant success in breeding white lions. Furthermore, Belgrade zoo obtained a white buffalo from Texas in 2007, and saw its first white calf in 2018. The zoo also holds a pair of white tigers. Belgrade zoo is active in conservation and species-preservation efforts of the endangered local fauna such as griffon vulture, bearded vulture and Balkan lynx. In September 2018, the zoo reintroduced its first griffon vulture to the wild.

Throughout its history, the zoo has had several residents, well known for their scientific importance or for receiving substantial media coverage. Sami the chimpanzee was the first great ape to be displayed at the zoo. he received widespread public attention when he escaped from his cage just a month following his arrival in 1988. After an hour of wandering through Belgrade's downtown streets, Sami was calmed down by the zoo's manager, Vuk Bojović, who then placed him in his personal vehicle and drove him back to his cage. The ape managed to escape again, just two days later, but was this time caught by using a tranquilizer gun. Gabi was a German shepherd that saved her partner, a night guard, from an escaped jaguar in 1987. Though she had been seriously wounded during the fight with the feline, she eventually recovered and continued her night guard duty. Like Sami, Gabi also has a statue at the zoo dedicated to her. American alligator Muja is considered to be the world's oldest specimen of his kind. He was transferred to Belgrade in 1937 as an adult from an undocumented zoo in Germany. Despite the fact that his real age is unknown, certain documents suggest that he was two years old at the time of his arrival.

Next to exotic animals Belgrade zoo also houses domestic ones, such as alpacas, rabbits and pygmy goats, at the petting zoo, which was reopened in April 2019. The walk-through outdoor exhibit extending over 1000 m2 also features a coffee shop and a children's playground.

Another prominent exhibit at the zoo is the penguin enclosure, which was constructed in May 2019. It initially displayed seventeen Humboldt penguins which arrived from Vienna and the Emirates. In May 2021, the zoo welcomed its first penguin hatchling.

Selected animal species
Mammals

Red kangaroo
Parma wallaby
Asian elephant
Southern three-banded armadillo
Ring-tailed lemur
Silvery marmoset
Barbary macaque
De Brazza's monkey
Bornean orangutan
Common chimpanzee
Indian crested porcupine
Capybara
Patagonian mara
African lion
Bengal tiger
Cheetah
Eurasian lynx
Jaguar
Jungle cat
Persian leopard
Serval
Binturong
Meerkat
Spotted hyena
Arctic wolf
Coyote
Fennec fox
Asiatic black bear
Cape fur seal
Harbor seal
Honey badger
Oriental small-clawed otter
Pine marten
Raccoon
White-nosed coati
Grant's zebra
Brazilian tapir
Hippopotamus
Alpaca
Bactrian camel
Llama
Fallow deer
Red deer
Reindeer
Reticulated giraffe
American bison
Barbary sheep
Common eland
Dorcas gazelle
Himalayan thar
Muflon
Siberian ibex
Yak

Birds

Ostrich
Rhea
Southern cassowary
Emu
Blue eared pheasant
Elliot's pheasant
Golden pheasant
Himalayan monal
Silver pheasant
Temminck's tragopan
Indian peafowl
Bruce's green pigeon
Crested pigeon
Victoria crowned pigeon
Vulturine guineafowl
Southern screamer
Muscovy duck
Magellan goose
Ruddy shelduck
Greater flamingo
Black crowned crane
Humboldt penguin
Marabou stork
Scarlet ibis
White spoonbill
Silvery-cheeked hornbill
Southern ground hornbill
Trumpeter hornbill
Laughing kookaburra
Black-necked aracari
White-throated toucan
Andean condor
Bearded vulture
Griffon vulture
Egyptian vulture
Steller's sea eagle
White-tailed eagle
Blue-and-yellow macaw
Burrowing parrot
Eclectus parrot
Grey parrot
Lord Derby's parakeet
Red-and-green macaw
Rosy-faced lovebird
Sulphur-crested cockatoo
Yellow-crowned amazon
Pied crow

Reptiles

African spurred tortoise
Hermann's tortoise
Leopard tortoise
Green iguana
Nile monitor
Rock monitor
Boa constrictor
Burmese python
Corn snake
Green anaconda
Emerald tree boa
American alligator
Cuban crocodile
Spectacled caiman

See also
Palić Zoo
Tourism in Serbia

References

External links

1936 establishments in Yugoslavia
Buildings and structures in Belgrade
Parks in Belgrade
Tourist attractions in Belgrade
Zoos in Serbia
Zoos established in 1936
Stari Grad, Belgrade


Seubert (German: East Franconian variant of Seibert) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anneliese Seubert (born 1973), Australian model
Moritz August Seubert (1818–1878), German botanist
Rich Seubert (born 1979), American football player
Timon Seubert (born 1987), German cyclist
Surnames from given names


Grigorovich DI-3 (), (Dvukhmyestnyi Istrebitel - two-seat fighter), was a prototype two-seat fighter developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. It was intended to be a long-range escort fighter developed from the DI-2 with improved range and performance comparable to single-seat fighter aircraft of the time. DI-3 was a single-bay biplane of mixed construction with a twin-rudder tailplane of variable incidence. Although initial tests demonstrated flight characteristics comparable to Polikarpov I-5, the addition of armament and operational equipment caused significant degradation in performance and DI-3 did not enter mass production. The prototype was subsequently fitted with an enclosed cockpit and used as a VIP transport.

Specifications (DI-3)

References

Grigorovich aircraft
1930s Soviet fighter aircraft


Stephan Braunfels (born August 1, 1950) is a German architect.

Biography
Stephan Braunfels was born on August 1, 1950.  He completed his studies at the Technical University of Munich in 1975 and established his office in Munich in 1978.  He is a grandson of the composer Walter Braunfels.

Early career
Braunfels' first competition success along with his plans and critiques on urban design concepts for Munich formed the basis for the exhibition "Designs for Munich" shown in 1987 at the German Architecture Museum in Frankfurt am Main.  As an advisor to the City of Dresden in 1991-1993, Braunfels designed a master plan for the reconstruction of the historic city centre of Dresden.  Braunfels opened his Berlin office in 1996.

Major projects

Pinakothek der Moderne
After the completion of his first projects in Munich and Dresden, Braunfels won several competitions. The first major competition he won was for Munich's Pinakothek der Moderne in 1992.  This project took ten years to come to fruition and opened in late 2002 as one of the largest new museums in Germany.  Braunfels garnered some prizes and lauding reviews for this building.

Peter Schjeldahl, reviewing the Pinakothek der Moderne in the New Yorker (January 13, 2003), wrote: "it is a big but self-effacing, "invisible" building: on the outside, a bland concrete-steel-and-glass shoebox; on the inside, a dream of subtly proportioned, shadowless, sugar-white galleries that branch off from an airy, three-story rotunda. In the effulgent atmosphere, you may know where the walls are only by where the pictures hang. I gratefully watched colors combust in Kirchners and Noldes under translucent, all-skylight ceilings. (I'll never again think of Expressionist color as generally sour and arbitrary.) On an ordinary rainy Tuesday in November, the place was thronged with people in festive spirits. The Moderne is a great success.

German parliament buildings
In 1994, Braunfels' design for the 81,000 square meter German Parliament office building -- Paul Löbe Haus—was awarded first prize.  The home of German Parliament's offices and committee chambers opened in 2001 and is one of the most prominent structures in Berlin. In 1996 he was awarded first prize for another parliament building design, the 65,000 square meter Marie Elisabeth Lüders Haus, which houses the German Parliament's offices, library and repository.  This second building opened to critical acclaim in 2003.

These three projects are considered to be some of the largest scale projects in post-Cold War Germany and have established Braunfels as an architectural force in Germany.

Buildings and projects

Completed
Ulm Department Store, Münstertor, Ulm (2007)
Ulm Headquarters Sparkasse, Ulm (2007)
Lohengrin (Opera Production), Baden-Baden, Germany (2006)
Restaurant Tantris, Munich, Germany (2005)
Marie Elisabeth Lüders Haus, Berlin, Germany (2003)
Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich, Germany (2002)
Paul Löbe Haus, Berlin, Germany (2001)
Museum Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, Kassel, Germany (2000)
Atrium Rosegardens, Dresden, Germany (1997)
Richard Strauss Straße, Munich, Germany (1994)
Edlinger Platz, Munich, Germany (1994)
Bürocenter Georg Brauchle Ring, München Office Center Georg Brauchle Ring, Munich, Germany (1993)
Bürokomplex Halbergmoos, München Office Center Halbergmoos, Munich, Germany (1993)
Auenstraße, München Auenstraße, Munich, Germany (1993)
Berliner Straße, München Berliner Straße, Munich, Germany (1993)
Balanstraße, München Balanstraße, Munich, Germany (1993)
Georgplatz, Dresden, Germany (1993)
Masterplan Altstadtring, Dresden, Germany (1992)
Ares Wall Light, ClassiCon (1992)
Redesign Marienhof, Munich, Germany (1987)
Hofgartenareal, Munich, Germany (1984)

In progress
Extension German Parliament, Berlin, Germany
Federal Archives, Berlin, Germany
Glacis Terraces, Neu Ulm, Germany
Ulenspiegel (Opera, Stage design), Gera, Germany (2010)

Awards and honors
 2008 – DA! Architecture made in Berlin Prize for Exhibition of Komische Oper Berlin
 2007 – DA! Architecture made in Berlin for Exhibition of New Ulm Projects
 2007 – Bauherrenpreis Baden-Württemberg Award for the New Ulm Projects
 2006 – German Urban Design Award for the Ulm Urban Design Plan
 2006 – International Prize Dedalo Minosse for the Marie Elisabeth Lüders Haus, Berlin
 2004 – BDA Prize Bavaria for the Pinakothek der Moderne
 2004 – AIT Architecture Prize Colour-Texture-Surface for the Pinakothek der Moderne
 2003 – Deutscher Architekturpreis Award for the Pinakothek der Moderne
 2003 – Gold Medal "München Leuchtet"
 2003 – Nominated for the Mies van der Rohe Award for Pinakothek der Moderne and Paul-Löbe-Haus
 2002 – AZ Star of the Year for the Pinakothek der Moderne
 1994 – Deutscher Kritikerpreis
 1992 – AZ Star of the Year for Architecture

External links
Braunfels Architekten

References

Technical University of Munich alumni
20th-century German architects
1950 births
Living people
People from Überlingen


Oliver Ormerod Walker (1833 – 30 May 1914) was a British Conservative Party politician.

He was the eldest son of Oliver Ormerod Walker and his second wife, Helen Elizabeth Garston, of Chesham House, near Bury, Lancashire. He was a magistrate, justice of the peace, and held a commission in the 7th Royal Lancashire Militia. He was also a Deputy-Lieutenant for Lancashire, Mayor of Bury and held the office of High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1876. On the formation of the Volunteer Force he became lieutenant colonel of the 8th Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps.

In 1877 he was chosen as Conservative candidate for Salford on the death of one of the sitting Members of Parliament (MP), Charles Cawley. He was successful at the by-election and served as MP until the 1880 general election, when both Salford seats were won by Liberals.

He married Jane Harrison in 1860. Walker died 30 May 1914, aged 81.

References

External links

1833 births
1914 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1874–1880
Volunteer Force officers
High Sheriffs of Lancashire
Deputy Lieutenants of Lancashire
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Salford
English justices of the peace


My Master may refer to:
 My Master (book), a book written by Swami Vivekananda and published in 1901
 Rabbi, a teacher of Torah
 Sidi, a masculine title of respect in Western Arabic language and Egyptian Arabic


German submarine U-44 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She was ordered in November 1936 and laid down in September 1938 in Bremen. She was launched in August 1939 and commissioned in November.

During her service in the Kriegsmarine, U-44 conducted only two war patrols and sank a total of eight ships for a loss of . On 13 March 1940, she struck a mine that was located in field Number 7 off the north coast of the Netherlands. All 47 of her crew members went down with the submarine.

Construction

U-44 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 21 November 1936 (as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles). She was laid down on 15 September 1938 by AG Weser, in Bremen as yard number 949. U-44 was launched on 5 August 1939 and commissioned on 4 November of that same year under the command of Kapitänleutnant Ludwig Mathes.

Design
As one of the eight original German Type IX submarines, later designated IXA, U-44 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-44 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a  SK C/30 as well as a  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

Service history

U-44 had a very short operational life. During her service with the Kriegsmarine, she took part in only two combat patrols. After training exercises with the 6th U-boat Flotilla from 4 November to 31 December 1939, U-44 was assigned as the front boat for the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 1 January 1940. She was to remain a part of this flotilla until her loss.

First patrol
The first of U-44s two patrols began on 6 January 1940 when she left Wilhelmshaven for the North Sea, eventually circumnavigating the British Isles, travelling as far south as the Bay of Biscay and Portugal. It was in these two locations that U-44 sank her first (and last) merchant ships. Following these victories, she headed north again, travelling just north of the coast of Scotland and back into the North Sea. She then returned to Wilhelmshaven, arriving there on 9 February 1940. Over a period of thirty-five days, U-44 sank eight merchant ships, for a total loss of .

Second patrol
Unlike her first outing, U-44s second patrol was a disaster, not even lasting through the first day. After spending more than a month in Wilhelmshaven, she began her second patrol on 13 March 1940. A few hours after leaving port, U-44 entered minefield Number 7, just off of the northern coast of the Netherlands. This particular minefield was laid by the British destroyers , , ,  and . Upon entering the minefield, U-44 struck one of the devices and sank at . All forty-seven of her crew were lost.

Previously recorded fate
Sunk by  on 20 March 1940.

Summary of raiding history
During her service, U-44 sank eight commercial ships for a loss of . All of these ships were sunk during her first patrol.

References

Bibliography

External links

1939 ships
German Type IX submarines
Ships built in Bremen (state)
U-boats commissioned in 1939
U-boats sunk by mines
U-boats sunk in 1940
World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea
World War II submarines of Germany
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in March 1940


Adam Gordon Thomas (born 11 August 1988) is an English actor, known for his roles as Donte Charles in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2006–2009, 2023–present) and Adam Barton in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale (2009–2018). He has also appeared as a contestant on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (2016) and Strictly Come Dancing (2023).

Early life
Adam Gordon Thomas was born on 11 August 1988 in Salford, Greater Manchester, England. He is the twin brother of Scott Thomas, who appeared in Love Island in 2016 and the younger brother of Coronation Street actor Ryan Thomas. He is of English, Indian and Caribbean heritage. His paternal grandfather is from Mumbai, India, and emigrated to Manchester, England, in 1947. His paternal great-grandmother was a West Indian who had Caribbean ancestry.

Career
Thomas began his television career in 2002 with a guest appearance on the BBC daytime soap opera Doctors. It was another four years before Thomas launched to fame in his breakthrough role as Donte Charles in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road of which he was an original cast member upon its inception in 2006 until 2009. The role of Donte led Thomas to enjoy guest appearances in popular hospital drama Casualty in 2008 in which he played a boxer, as well as a second appearance in Doctors in 2007. He also appeared as himself on ITV gameshow All Star Family Fortunes alongside his older brother and fellow actor Ryan, who played Jason Grimshaw in the soap opera, Coronation Street.

Following his departure from Waterloo Road in 2009, Thomas signed on for his third appearance on daytime soap Doctors, this time playing a character called Ben Hamilton. The episode aired on 26 May 2009. It was announced on 21 May 2009 that Thomas had landed the role of Adam Barton in the long-running ITV soap opera, Emmerdale, and would appear on screens from July 2009. Thomas left Emmerdale in early 2018. In November and December 2016, Thomas was a contestant on the sixteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! and finished in third place. He became a property executive for the Kamani Property Group in 2018 alongside former Emmerdale co-star Marc Silcock. Adam also made his stage debut in 2018 when he appeared as The Hollywood Producer from 31 October to 4 November when Nativity! The Musical toured to Liverpool. In February 2019, he portrayed the role of Rob in an episode of the BBC drama Moving On. On 19 October 2019, it was announced that Thomas would be co-hosting I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp. In September 2019, Thomas opened a bar/restaurant with his school friend, Scott Graham.  The restaurant, named The Spinn was situated in Gatley, Stockport. In spite of numerous efforts by Thomas to maintain popularity (including, but not limited to a large billboard situated in Ancoats) The Spinn has since closed down. It is speculated that the closure was related to lack of business, or Thomas' historic and publicly documented alcoholism, with him resigning as director of the limited company as early as mid-2022.

In late 2021 it was confirmed Thomas was returning to the role of Donte Charles in recommissioned return of Waterloo Road. In August 2023 Thomas was announced as one of the contestants on the twenty-first series of Strictly Come Dancing.

Personal life
In September 2014, Thomas and his long-term girlfriend, Caroline Daly, welcomed their first child, a son. On 27 August 2017, Adam and Caroline married in Delamere Manor, Cheshire. In December 2017, they announced they were expecting their second child in May 2018. The couple took part in All Star Mr & Mrs in August 2016. In August 2020, Thomas admitted that he and his twin have a drinking problem; he vowed to get sober like his brother who celebrated six months of sobriety at the time.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Male actors from Salford
English male soap opera actors
21st-century English male actors
English people of Indian descent
English people of Barbadian descent
British male actors of Asian descent


Bench used in a legal context can have several meanings. First, it can simply indicate the location in a courtroom where a judge sits.  Second, the term bench is a metonym used to describe members of the judiciary collectively, or the judges of a particular court, such as the King's Bench or the Common Bench in England and Wales, or the federal bench in the United States.  Third, the term is used to differentiate judges, who are referred to as "the bench", from attorneys or barristers, who are referred to as "the bar". The phrase "bench and bar" denotes all judges and lawyers collectively.  The term "full bench" is used when all the judges of a certain court sit together to hear a case, as in the phrase "before the full bench", which is also referred to as .

The historical roots of the term come from judges formerly having sat on long seats or benches (freestanding or against a wall) when presiding over a court. The bench is usually an elevated desk area that allows a judge to view, and to be seen by, the entire courtroom. The bench was a typical feature of the courts of the Order of St. John in Malta, such as at the Castellania, where judges and the nominated College of Advocates sat for court cases and review laws.

See also
 Bank
 Bar (law)
 Bench trial
 Bencher
 En banc
 Full court

References

Sources

 The Art of Writing Judgments, Hon’ble Shri M. A. Bakshi, Vice President, ITAT, Chandigarh Bench
 Conduct on and off the Bench, Hon’ble Shri P. P. Parikh, Vice President, ITAT, Hyderabad Bench

Courts
Judiciaries


The United States ambassador to San Marino is the official representative of the government of the United States to the government of San Marino. The ambassador is concurrently the ambassador to Italy, while resident in Rome, Italy.

Ambassadors

See also
San Marino – United States relations
Foreign relations of San Marino
Ambassadors of the United States

References

United States Department of State: Background notes on San Marino

External links
 United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for San Marino
 United States Department of State: San Marino
 Virtual United States Embassy in Rome

San Marino
United States


DuPont Show of the Month was a 90-minute television anthology series that aired monthly on CBS from 1957 to 1961. The DuPont Company also sponsored a weekly half-hour dramatic anthology series hosted by June Allyson, The DuPont Show with June Allyson (1959–61).

During the Golden Age of Television, DuPont Show of the Month was one of numerous anthology series telecast between 1949 and 1962. Superficially, it resembled Playhouse 90 and other anthologies, but DuPont Show of the Month focused less on contemporary dramas and more on adaptations of literary classics, including Oliver Twist, The Prince and the Pauper, Billy Budd, The Prisoner of Zenda, A Tale of Two Cities and The Count of Monte Cristo.

Directors and writers
The directors for the series included Sidney Lumet, Ralph Nelson, Alex Segal and Robert Mulligan.

DuPont Show of the Month was the first anthology series to stage a television dramatization of Thornton Wilder's only novel, The Bridge of San Luis Rey. It also presented original dramas, such as The Lincoln Murder Case. Dale Wasserman wrote for the show, and it was Wasserman's I, Don Quixote on this series (November 9, 1959) that was eventually developed into Man of La Mancha six years later. The plot and much of the dialogue is identical.

Other writers included Sidney Kingsley and Terence Rattigan.

Awards and actors
The show was nominated for a total of 12 Emmy Awards. John Gielgud, Gracie Fields, Richard Burton, Lee J. Cobb, Colleen Dewhurst, Eli Wallach, Hurd Hatfield, Judith Anderson, Hume Cronyn, Maureen O'Hara, Michael Rennie, Suzanne Storrs, Farley Granger, Fritz Weaver, and George C. Scott made appearances. Johnny Washbrook of the My Friend Flicka TV series appeared as Tom Canty in The Prince and the Pauper.

With its stage cast, DuPont Show of the Month telecast the 1958 Old Vic production of William Shakespeare's Hamlet immediately following its brief run on Broadway. Sally Benson's Junior Miss, on Broadway from 1941 to 1943 came to television on December 20, 1957, as a production of DuPont Show of the Month. Carol Lynley had the lead role of Judy Graves with Don Ameche and Joan Bennett as her parents and Susanne Sidney as Fuffy Adams. Others in the cast were Diana Lynn, Paul Ford, Jill St. John and David Wayne.

Episodes
In February 1960, the program presented "Ethan Frome", with Sterling Hayden, Julie Harris, and Clarice Blackburn.

References

External links

DuPont Show of the Month at CVTA with episode list

1957 American television series debuts
1961 American television series endings
1950s American anthology television series
1960s American anthology television series
1950s American drama television series
1960s American drama television series
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
DuPont
English-language television shows
Television series by Talent Associates


Greg Melville (born 1970) is a journalist and author. He graduated from Kenyon College in 1992 and Pennsylvania State University Graduate School of Communication in 1994.

Writing career
A former newspaper reporter, and editor at Sports Afield and Men’s Journal, he has written for such publications as Men’s Journal, National Geographic Adventure, The New York Times, Outside, Best Life, Parents, and Popular Science. He is author of the book on sustainability, Greasy Rider: Two dudes, one fry-oil-powered car, and a cross-country search for a greener future. The book recounts his cross-country trip in a diesel Mercedes station wagon powered by waste vegetable oil, and investigates the keys to a greener future that are already at-hand. The book inspired filmmakers J. J. Beck and Joey Carey to create a documentary of the same title. It was released in 2009 and featured Yoko Ono, Morgan Freeman, Rae Dawn Chong, and Noam Chomsky.

His latest project is the book Over My Dead Body: Unearthing the Hidden History of America's Cemeteries.

Personal life
Melville lives with his family in Annapolis, Maryland. He teaches English as a professor at the United States Naval Academy.

Bibliography
101 Best Outdoor Towns, Sarah Tuff, Greg Melville, Countryman Press, Woodstock, VT, 2007
Greasy Rider: Two dudes, one fry-oil-powered car and a cross-country search for a greener future. Greg Melville, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 2008
Over My Dead Body: Unearthing the Hidden History of America's Cemeteries. Greg Melville, Abrams Press, New York, NY, 2022 ISBN 978-1419754852

References

External links
CNN interview with Greg Melville - Transcript
Melville's Greasy Rider blog

21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male journalists
1970 births
Living people
21st-century American male writers


Samha is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

 Mohamad Al-Khaled Samha (born 1958), Syrian-born Danish imam
 Samha El-Kholy (1925–2006), Egyptian musicologist

See also
 Samhah


These are the results of the men's C-2 slalom competition in canoeing at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The C-2 (canoe single) event is raced by two-man canoes through a whitewater course.  The venue for the 1992 Olympic competition was in La Seu d'Urgell.

Medalists

Results
The 17 teams each took two runs through the whitewater slalom course on August 2. The best time of the two runs counted for the event.

References

1992 Summer Olympics official report Volume 5.  pp. 151–2.
1992 men's slalom C-2 results
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Men's Canadian Slalom Pairs". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 487.

Men's Slalom C-2
Men's events at the 1992 Summer Olympics


A Finnish Summer with Turisas is a documentary film by and about the Finnish metal band Turisas, featuring live performances.

It was released on 3 November 2008 in Europe and 25 November 2008 for the United States.

Track listing
Summer Festival Live Performances:
As Torches Rise
To Holmgard and Beyond
A Portage to the Unknown
The Messenger
One More
In the Court of Jarisleif
Fields of Gold
The Dnieper Rapids
The Land of Hope and Glory
Miklagard Overture
Sahti-Waari
Rasputin
Battle Metal
Extras:
70-minute tour documentary
Rasputin Music Video
Blooper Reel
Limited Edition Includes:
Warpaint colour card
"Battle Metal 2008" 3"CD

Recordings
Ruisrock 2008: "As Torches Rise", "In the Court of Jarisleif", "Rasputin"
Nummirock 2008: "To Holmgard and Beyond", "One More", "The Dneiper Rapids", "Miklagard Overture", "Battle Metal"
Ilosaarirock 2008: "A Portage to the Unknown", "Fields of Gold", "Sahti-Waari"
Wanaja 2008: "The Messenger"
Voimasointu 2008: "The Land of Hope and Glory"

References

External links

Documentary films about heavy metal music and musicians
Finnish heavy metal musical groups


The Family Institute of Connecticut is an interdenominational, conservative 501(c)(3) non-profit advocacy organization founded in 1989. Its stated goal is to encourage and strengthen the family as the foundation of society and to promote Judeo-Christian ethical and moral values in the culture and government of Connecticut.

It has been a vocal opponent of assisted suicide, abortion, and same-sex marriage in Connecticut. The organization is a Family Policy Council, meaning that it is the state affiliate of Focus on the Family.

Organizational structure
The FIC comprises three organizations:

 The Family Institute of Connecticut focuses on marriage-strengthening projects, educational efforts, and research. It opposes abortion, assisted suicide, and same-sex marriage, promotes alternatives to public schools, and has programs to strengthen marriages for opposite-sex couples.
 FIC Action is a 501(c)(4) social welfare organization founded in 2004. It conducts political lobbying at the state level to oppose assisted suicide and previously lobbied against same-sex marriage.
 The Family Institute of Connecticut Action Committee is a registered state of Connecticut political action committee. FIC Action Committee was created in 2004 to promote candidates for Connecticut state government who are sympathetic to the organization's agenda.

Board of Directors
 Ken Von Kohorn, Chairman
 Richard Caporaso, Treasurer
 John Hummel
 Gary G. Jackson
 Dick Kazarian
 Ed Morgan

Advisors
 Michael Jarjura, former mayor, Waterbury
 Win Smith, former state senator Milford
 Greg M. Hannan, attorney, Wallingford
 Rev. LeRoy Bailey, Jr., Senior Pastor, The First Cathedral, Bloomfield
 Rabbi Yehoshua S. Hecht, Beth Israel Synagogue, Norwalk
 Rev. Earl M. Inswiller, Jr., Living Waters Fellowship Church, Windsor Locks

References

External links
 Official website

1989 establishments in Connecticut
Anti-abortion organizations in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Connecticut
Political organizations based in the United States


"I Heart NJ" is the third episode in the fourth season of the television series How I Met Your Mother and 67th overall. It originally broadcast, in the US, on October 6, 2008.

Plot
Ted complains about having to travel to New Jersey to see Stella at her home. She is often asleep by the time he gets there, and he is missing important moments with his friends. Stella suggests the group come to New Jersey for a night out, and Ted talks his friends into it despite their reservations. He looks forward to Stella moving in with him in Manhattan after they are married.

Robin is sick of her job, which consists of reporting pointless stories and making bad puns about them. After being offered a major anchor job, she immediately accepts and makes her farewell broadcast, reciting a terrible speech written by Ted.

On Saturday, Ted, Marshall, Lily and Barney head to New Jersey. Stella's babysitter cancels at the last minute, so to their dismay they have to stay in Stella's basement. Barney makes a bad joke and solicits a fist bump, but everyone refuses. He stubbornly declares that he will not lower his arm until someone fist bumps him, even despite a growing cramp later on.

Robin arrives and explains that she only got an audition, not the actual anchor job. After being intimidated by the more experienced candidates at the audition, she says she has to go back to her old job. Lily and Barney remind her how humiliating it was there, and Robin relents. Ted is shocked to find Stella expects him to move to New Jersey rather than moving to Manhattan with him, as she feels the city is not a safe place to raise her daughter Lucy. She asks Ted to go get some beer at the local store, where he and Marshall debate the merits of living in New Jersey. Marshall seems open to it, but Ted dislikes the idea.

When Ted and Marshall return, Ted confronts Stella about moving to New Jersey. They get into an argument comparing New York to New Jersey. Lily suggests that Stella will grow to love New York just like Marshall did. Marshall reveals that he actually hates New York, which feels cramped for someone of his large stature, much to Lily's shock. Ted refuses to relent, and Stella storms out. Ted goes to find her and finds Lucy, who was woken up by the argument. Ted reads Lucy a bedtime story and, realizing that Stella has to put her first, agrees to move to New Jersey.

Robin calls her old studio and asks for her job back. Her producer agrees, but only if she can make it to the studio in time for the broadcast in half an hour. She steals Stella's daughter's bicycle and sets off, performing a number of increasingly improbable stunts in order to make it to the studio in time. After her first story contains a terrible pun, she decides she was right to quit and leaves. Barney and Lily watch the broadcast happily and Lily fist bumps Barney for helping her help Robin. Barney quickly makes another bad joke and asks for a high five, which he does not receive, keeping his hand raised until he receives one, and continues to ask when the group gets to the bar. Robin reveals she did not get the job she auditioned for but was offered another, and is going to move to Japan. Barney, shocked, lowers his hand.

Critical response

Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club rated the episode B+. IGN gave the episode 7.8 out of 10. Cindy McLennan of Television Without Pity rated the episode with a grade C+. Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger was rather critical of the episode stating: "What bothered me about "I Heart NJ" was that it took Ted's simplistic view of Jersey and seemed to apply such broad, black and white thinking to everything." Joel Keller, who hails from New Jersey, also expressed disgust at the episode.

References

External links

How I Met Your Mother (season 4) episodes
2008 American television episodes


Mittlerspitz is a mountain on the border of Liechtenstein and Switzerland in the Rätikon range of the Eastern Alps east of the town of Balzers, with a height of .

See also
Würznerhorn
Mittagspitz

References

Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein–Switzerland border
International mountains of Europe
Mountains of Graubünden
Mountains of the Alps
One-thousanders of Switzerland


Ewan Charles Crawford,  (born 8 April 1941) is an Australian judge and former Chief Justice of Tasmania.

Early life

Crawford was born in Launceston to parents Sir George and Lady Crawford. He went to Launceston Church Grammar School.

He became a student of law in 1959 and worked as an Associate to Sir George Crawford.

Career

He graduated from University of Tasmania on 12 May 1964 with a Bachelor of Laws with Honours. He was employed by Douglas and Collins, Barristers and Solicitors, in Launceston as a barrister and solicitor. At his swearing-in, he related that he had to send away his first client so that he could ask somebody to help him with his advice. He then gave the wrong advice to his second client, and had to call him back to set it straight. He took a year off in 1965 to travel overseas and returned as an employed solicitor in 1966. In 1968 he was made a partner of the firm. In that same year he married Robyn on 18 May, and they now have two sons and a daughter.

He was a Council Member of the Law Society of Tasmania between 1972 and 1984. He became President of the Law Society for 1979–1980.  He was also involved in the Northern Regional Law Society, State Standing Committee for Legal Assistance and the Northern Area Legal Assistance Committee.

In 1988 Crawford was appointed as a judge of Tasmania's Supreme Court. He was appointed to the Council of the University of Tasmania from 1991 until 2001. He was a Member of the Board of Legal Education from 1997 until 2008, and a Member of the Law Admissions Consultative Committee from 1995 until 2008.

In 2002 Crawford was made a Fellow of the University of Tasmania.

It was announced on 8 April 2008 that Crawford was to be appointed Chief Justice following the appointment of Peter Underwood as Governor of Tasmania. His swearing in ceremony was held on 24 April 2008.

He was the first Chief Justice in Australia to have done away with the red and white robes and long ceremonial wigs in the Supreme Court. saying "Personally I feel they're out of date and unnecessary".

He retired as Chief Justice in April 2013 and also as Tasmania's Lieutenant Governor.

References

1941 births
Living people
Chief Justices of Tasmania
Judges of the Supreme Court of Tasmania
20th-century Australian judges
21st-century Australian judges
Australian solicitors
Companions of the Order of Australia
University of Tasmania alumni
People from Launceston, Tasmania


Leslie Owen (1886–1947) was an Anglican bishop.

Owen was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood. He studied at St John's College, Cambridge and Ely Theological College.

He was ordained in 1912 and was a curate at Ashford (1914–19). He was interviewed by the Chaplain-General in November 1916 for a commission as a Temporary Chaplain to the Forces. It was noted that, unusually, he could ride, speak French and German and preach extempore. He was posted to Malta, "the nurse of the Mediterranean", where he was given a "very satisfactory report". He was demobilised in 1919. When peace returned he became a lecturer at Bishop's College, Cheshunt and then Warden of the Scholar Cancellarii, Lincoln. Appointed Archdeacon of Auckland in 1936, he was ordained to the episcopate as Bishop of Jarrow three years later. While at Jarrow, he conducted the wedding of his secretary to Michael Ramsay, future Archbishop of Canterbury.
Owen was a highly regarded scholar and was considered for the vacant diocesan bishoprics at Southwell (1941), Blackburn and Lincoln (1942) but he was not appointed. Instead, Archbishop Temple arranged for his translation to another suffragan bishopric, Maidstone, in 1943 with special responsibility for supporting Chaplains and for making arrangements for post-War ordination candidates who had fought in the War. The following year, Owen was preaching in the Guards Chapel in London when it was hit by a flying bomb. He was physically unhurt but badly shaken by the experience. Nevertheless, he was considered for the diocesan sees of Salisbury and Lincoln in 1946 and was appointed to Lincoln. Although he had been assured by his doctors of his fitness for the post, he fell ill and died in March 1947, aged 60. "He did not make public appearances, or write books, or attract attention to himself. It required a flying bomb to make him for a moment a head-line figure".

References

1886 births
People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Auckland
Bishops of Jarrow
Bishops of Maidstone
Bishops of Lincoln
World War I chaplains
20th-century Church of England bishops
1947 deaths
Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers


Auld Ones is an Irish animated television programme broadcast on RTÉ Two. It featured the antics of two Dublin pensioners, Bernie and Mary who sit at a bus stop reminiscing about their youthful adventures. The programme symbolises the tedium and meaninglessness of human life, which loosely connects the characters to one of the themes of existentialist philosophy. Divided into two series, it aired on Mondays at 22:40 and is a Wireless Production.

Characters

Episodes
There are a total of twenty-six episodes aired over two series.

Series one
Series one began broadcasting in September 2003.

Series two
Series two began broadcasting in July 2007.

References

External links

 Official site
 RTÉ site
 A sample episode
 RTÉ press release

2003 Irish television series debuts
2007 Irish television series endings
Irish animated television series
2000s animated television series
RTÉ original programming
Television shows set in the Republic of Ireland


Roketsan Roket Sanayii ve Ticaret A.S. is a major Turkish weapons manufacturer and defense contractor based in Ankara, Turkey. Incorporated in 1988 by Turkey's Defense Industry Executive Committee (SSİK) to establish the nation's industrial base on missile technology, the company has quickly risen to become one of Turkey's top 500 industrial corporations.

Roketsan's current share holders include Turkish Armed Forces Foundation (55.5%), ASELSAN (15%), MKEK (15%), Vakıflar Bankası (10%),  HAVELSAN (4.5%). Roketsan is best known for its wide range of guided and unguided rockets as well as guided missiles such as Bora, Atmaca, Cirit, UMTAS and OMTAS. The company also produces subsystems for Stinger, Rapier and ESSM missiles and provides technology and engineering solutions for other integrated civilian and military platforms. Recent developments highlight small-diameter precision-strike bombs for unmanned aerial vehicles.

Roketsan is the only Turkish company to have obtained CMMI/ DEV 3 (Capability Maturity Model Integration – for Development) approval for all its design and development processes.

It was ranked 96th in 2018 and 89th in 2019 in Defense News' most valuable defense industry companies list. In 2020, it was ranked 91st.

The company is one of the organizers of the Teknofest Aerospace and Technology Festival.

History
Roketsan signed a contract in 2013 to build the project of the national UFS Space Launch System. In 2013, the Government of Turkey approved the construction of its first satellite launching center by Roketsan. In August 2020, the Roketsan Satellite Launch, Space Systems and Advanced Technologies Research Center was established.

On 29 June 2021, the governments of Turkey and Bangladesh signed a defence memorandum of understanding for the export of Roketsan products to Bangladesh, according to İsmail Demir, president of Presidency of Defense Industries. Roketsan had already delivered the TRG-300 Tiger MLRS to the Bangladesh Army in June 2021 in a separate deal. Bangladesh was set to become one of the top defence equipment clients of Turkey and Roketsan in the following few years. In October 2021, the Bangladesh Army received a second batch of the TRG-300 Tiger missile system.

Products

Facilities

 Munition Disposal Facility (MAAT)
 Air Bag Project “Booster Bag” used in airbag systems by ARC Automotive Company /U.S.A.produced by ROKETSAN.
 Ammunition Surveillance Facility (MIGYEM)
 Space Systems and Advanced Technologies Research Center

References

External links
 ROKETSAN official website
 ROKETSAN Products & Services
 Turkish Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM)

Defence companies of Turkey
Companies established in 1988
Turkish companies established in 1988
Space program of Turkey
Guided missile manufacturers

Government-owned companies of Turkey
1988 establishments in Turkey