Ron Rocco (born 1953, Texas, U.S) is an American artist who has worked in New York City, Rotterdam in the Netherlands, Berlin, Germany and China. His work entails performance, mixed media installations and sculptural constructions employing a mix of found objects and prepared elements.

Early life and education
As a child Ron Rocco traveled with his parents to Germany, where his father served as an American soldier in the post-war occupation army.  The artist attributed his early experience with German culture as a defining element in the background to his interest in Europe and his sometimes social and political themes.

In the late 1950s and '60s Rocco grew up in the Bronx in New York City. His was an ethnically Italian neighborhood, surrounding Arthur Avenue, known as the Little Italy of the Bronx.  The neighborhood scrap metal yards, inspired an early interest in working with metals, and a sense of the latent potential of found materials to evoke memory and associations.  Rocco went on to study the visual arts at Purchase College, State University of New York, with classmates Jon Kessler and Fred Wilson, studying with sculptor Tal Streeter, photographer and musician John Cohen and printmaker Antonio Frasconi.  Later he began graduate study at the Center for Advanced Visual Studies at M.I.T. under the instruction of the German Group Zero artist, Otto Piene, filmmaker Ricky Leacock, and anthropologist Heather Lechtman. Here Rocco began projects, which would result in his Guggenheim, New York performance entitled Zaroff's Tale.

Early career
Rocco's earliest work in sculpture grew out of an interest in the tension generated forms, made famous by the American artist, Kenneth Snelson and German architect, Frei Otto. Rocco's work was based on arced segments of aluminum or wood, in constructions which displayed a balance between tensile and compression forces, subject to the effects of gravity.

His exploration of these structures appeared in the exhibition, Models for Large Sculpture, presented at the Arnot Art Museum in Elmira, New York and later in a solo exhibition at Toronto's Galerie Danielli.

While residing in Ithaca, New York Rocco's work through a public commission from Festival Ithaca and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1977, resulted in  Altair, a matrix of arc segments and stainless steel cable, occupying an area of , suspended five stories above the city center.  Meketra a second large scale commission from this period was exhibited at Cornell University's Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art.

In the period of 1979-80, Rocco returned to New York City and it was during this time that he met and was influenced by the work of German artist, Joseph Beuys who was producing his solo exhibition at the Guggenheim Museum at the time. As a result of this new influence later work in tension sculptures began to encompass performance activities, employed string figures taken from Inuit and Oceanic sources; forms, which in their traditional context possessed a social facet, in the communication of communal beliefs and ritual.

Rocco used these as mechanisms for presentation to his audience in performance works like Zaroff's Tale Guggenheim Museum, New York), A String form for Binding Nations United Nations, New York) and  Laser Sculpture Dance Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art in Ithaca, New York.

Work in performance and electronic media
Building on earlier work at M.I.T.'s Visual Language Workshop and Owego, New York's Experimental Television Center, Rocco authored computer software to produce an early image processing system for video. His works "Plotzensee" (2000) and "Berlin Diaries" (2000) can be found in the Experimental Television Center Repository, in the Rose Goldsen Archive of New Media Art. This resulted in his 1985 collaboration with dance choreographer Mel Wong and The Mel Wong Dance Company.  Together they presented, Buddha Meets Einstein at the Great Wall during an American tour and at New York's Asia Society.

This presentation used dance in combination with pre-recorded and real-time computer/video image processing to explore varying perceptions of time from both an American and Asian viewpoint. It was a performance that New York Times dance critic, Jennifer Dunning called one of the most successful integration of video imagery and modern dance.

At the time, Rocco clarified, "The formal concerns of movement in dance could accentuate the effects of my equipment on the flow of time, providing a suitable format for the beauty and complexity of this subtle video processor".  This performance was funded by a 1984 Inter-Arts Grant from The National Endowment for the Arts and the Sony Corporation, and may well have been the first live, on-stage application of computer generated imagery for dance.

Other media projects in-residence at Canada's Banff Center in Alberta, involved musician David Hykes, of The Harmonic Choir. Together they developed a computer assisted laser/video work, which generated kinetic cycles of visual phenomena from Hykes's music. One such installation, provided real-time, graphic representation of sound, employing a laser scanner and a digitally processed, video feedback loop to create images that were abstract and strikingly calligraphic.  This appeared in the work, In Light of Sound, one of Rocco's Andro-Media Series installations, at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City. The New York State Council on the Arts funded event in collaboration Hykes and his Harmonic Choir used the two-thousand-year-old tradition of Mongolian overtone chanting, practiced by these musicians, to control the visual phenomena created by the system of scanning lasers, video displays and computer processor.

Working in the later 1990s, Rocco explored the potential of web based projects in works like Rabinal Achi/Zapatista Port Action of 1997, a collaboration with Ricardo Dominguez, for the M.I.T /List Center Gallery's exhibition PORT/Navigating Digital Culture, and Communicating Vessels with Dutch artist Arnold Schalks.

Rabinal Achi/Zapatista Port Action, was a fusion of drama and social commentary into a work spanning eight hundred years of Mayan History. Eight broadcast events were produced (via Pseudo Media in New York), bringing together news clips, interviews and discussion groups from Chiapas, Mexico, and the U.S. along with Mayan theater, for the List Gallery exhibition and the Internet.  Rabinal Achi/Zapatista Port Action was a composite work, and used a VRML bridge, to join live audio and video streams, chat groups and an enactment of the Rabinal-Achi, a classic Mayan theater work of highland Guatemala.

Communicating Vessels, was presented as a maritime contribution to the Snug Harbor Cultural Center's program in 1998. As a site specific and web based project located at the St. George terminal of the Staten Island Ferry, this project joined maritime subjects, navigation technology and historical documents to explored the relationship of Snug Harbor Cultural Center's past, as a home for retired seamen, to the present refuge for aged sailors in Sea Level, North Carolina. Through interviews with the residents of the North Carolina facility, Communicating Vessels presented the Atlantic Ocean as the connective element between the two locations via the Internet, using an information kiosk at the St. George site to present the web site, track ferry navigation via software provided by MapTech corporation, and to distribute newspapers and other publications.  Communicating Vessels, was funded by the Netherlands Consul to North America and CBK Centrum Bildende Kunst, Rotterdam.

Sculpture and European projects
Resident in New York 1979–1989 on the Lower East Side and later in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, Rocco's sculptural work focused on New York Real Estate as a defining force in the life experiences of artists.

Works like A Poet Dies on 12th Street and Eviction Plan stem from his experiences as a tenant organizer at this time, and document cases of murder and arson as side-products of these economic forces.

Focusing on the balance between the natural and man-made world, Rocco's 1989, Waterline Project in Amsterdam, Netherlands was created for the Dutch foundation ArtGarden.

The project consisted of three outdoor sculptures in a park-like environment, and commented on the Dutch accomplishment of redefining natural boundaries between earth and sea. The project was produced with the joint support of The Netherlands-America Foundation, Art Matters, The New York Foundation for the Arts and The Foundation for Contemporary Performance Arts, Martin Air Holland, Regency Art Transfer of New York and the generous assistance of the Dutch Consulate to the United States and The Department of Cultural Affairs of the City of New York.

The Horizon is Nothing More than the Limit of Our Sight, Rocco's 1990 installation for the Brooklyn Museum of Art in New York, in addressing the natural and man-made worlds used the horizon to define a perceptual boundary.

This installation implied the possibility of a new social awareness, by people sharing interests of greater ecological benefit. Confronting a video landscape, and traversing the maze of barriers which comprise this work, the spectator explores the conceptual limits, which isolate us from this awareness.

Other projects during Rocco's later European residencies at Künstlerhaus Bethanien and Die KünstFabrik in Berlin, Germany as well as Kunst & Complex in Rotterdam, Netherlands, resulted in exhibitions in 1991–93.  The Berlin Project, fruit of his work at Künstlerhaus Bethanien's International Studio Program, was a body of art works which identified distinct facets of Berlin's evolving social dynamic. The objects showcased, referenced the socialist realism found in eastern parts of the city, as well as commercial elements taken from the west. The project, part of which is housed in Berlin's Berlinische Galerie, utilized images taken from the streets and transit system of the city, as well as historical references, to reveal the new rules in an economic struggle beginning in the city at that time.

Private Parts, the product of his residency at Kunst & Complex in 1993, focused on self-examination, an examination defined as transcending the individual. This body of work, which delineated personal issues such as age, masculinity, and health, took on more global meaning, in the context of addressing questions of human frailty, genocide and social values during times of transition. In this body of work, Rocco often refers to elements of control and order, and environments bordering on social cataclysm, through images of sinking ships, deserted streets and disoriented swimmers.

He identified this work, "functioning as a diary of thoughts and images, from a year of painful transformation in Europe, posting warnings of all that is at stake in the search for peace and unification in Europe".

Amerika

Perhaps because of long periods in residence outside the United States, or due to his earlier experiences in opposition to the Vietnam War, Rocco began to articulate a new view of American culture.

Structures of Detention, an edition of photo-silk screen prints on bound editions of The New York Law Journal, document a social dynamic between crime and punishment. Houses of Detention and Federal Buildings in New York City, provide the counterpoint to court proceedings and records outlined within each page's text. In these artworks there is a dialog established between the pages and these buildings, which provide an opportunity for social commentary and dark humor.

Other works like The Pursuit Series, drawings made from television images of police activity and 30 Minutes B & W photographs in an enlarged contact sheet format focus on an American fascination with representations of criminal behavior, policing, and criminal justice.

Post 9/11 as the U.S. began its ventures into war in Iraq and Afghanistan, Rocco's work became more critical of the escalating violence. Works like StarBlind and Bloody State confronted the blind march to war and its aftermath.  An installation work from the end of the decade Bail Out questioned the accounting that resulted in the rescue of Wall Street in a humorous work, which included an overturned accountant's ledger, the spilled cyphers, and a golden lined parachute with its requisite air blower.

The installation Shake Up! from his 2010 New York exhibition at Dam Stuhltrager Gallery, curated by Lynn del Sol is an artwork addressing issues of environmental degradation and the reality of Global Warming. It records the moment of shock; the rude awakening after a turning point. Shake Up! is the moment after the earth moves and we find ourselves in a hostile new environment. It also symbolizes the hoped for heed of the 'wake up call' to humanity.

China

In 2011, Rocco visited China for the first time. He explains the circumstances of his visit in this way, "In the 80's I worked extensively
with dancer, choreographer Mel Wong and his dance company. During that time Mel invited me to visit him in Hong Kong, while he was an artist in residence in that city. Although fascinated by the prospect of visiting Hong Kong, at that time the visit was not possible. From that point on a deep regret at missing this opportunity began to develop. I promised myself I would not miss the next opportunity when one developed.

In 2011, such an invitation was offered and in keeping with my promise I came to Hong Kong. During that visit, on the suggestion of a friend, I took a ferry to Zhuhai, China. It is no exaggeration to say my interest in relocating to Zhuhai was like love at first sight."

Once in China new possibilities appeared. Rocco completed a master's study in Spatial Design at the University of St. Joseph in Macau, and in his thesis he discusses the developments of this period. Key to this was an interest in teaching. Rocco says he reflected on the words of Joseph Beuys when Beuys said, "Teaching is my greatest work of art…the rest is the waste product, a demonstration. If you want to express yourself you must present something tangible. But after awhile this has only the function of a historic document. Objects aren't very important any more. I want to get to the origin of matter, to the thought behind it." (Artforum magazine interview with Willoughby Sharp in 1969). "Beuys saw the role of an artist as a teacher or shaman who could guide society in a new direction." (Sotheby's catalog, 1992).

To Rocco, it was clear Beuys chose the classroom as his canvas in orchestrating an open forum for intellectual exchange and frequently applied "philosophical concepts to his pedagogical practice." (Beuys). Rocco began teaching in China, combining art concepts with other interests in guiding his students to further their future success. In 2014, Rocco met and began working with a local architect, Josh Wu, consulting on several projects Wu was engaged in. Since then, they have together completed several architectural projects in Zhuhai, which include the interior design of the G Flowers store in the city's Gongbei district, an exterior and interior redevelopment of a building for the Contemporary Music Institute in Beishan, and most notably the redesign of a 400 year old ancestral hall in the same Beishan village for the Chengchuan Art Gallery.

Selected solo exhibitions
 CTS creative thriftshop /Dam Stuhltrager Gallery, Brooklyn, New York (2010)
 Hudson Guild, New York, New York (2004)
 Galerie Völcker & Freunde, Berlin, Germany (2002)
 University Gallery /University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts (1999)
 Warehouse Galerie, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1993)
 Künstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin, Germany (1991)
 Amerika Haus, Berlin, Germany (1991)
 Foundation Artgarden, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1989)
 Museum of Modern Art /P.S.1, Long Island City, New York (1987)
 Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York (1983)
 Gallery Danielli, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1979)
 Herbert F. Johnson Museum, Ithaca, New York (1979)
 Arnot Art Museum, Elmira, New York (1976)

Selected group exhibitions
2008 IPCNY /International Print Center, New York, ArtForum 2008 Berlin, Germany
2007 Supermarkt 2.0, Berlin, Germany,
2006 Visual Arts Center of New Jersey, Summit, New Jersey, Künst & Complex, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Stone Quarry Hill Art Park, Cazanovia, New York
2004 Scope /New York Galerie Völcker & Freunde, New York, New York, Scope /Miami Galerie Völcker & Freunde, Miami, Florida, Rockland Center for the Arts, Nyack, New York
2001    Collaborative Concepts, Beacon, New York, Hudson Guild, New York, New York
2000    Islip Art Museum/Anthony Giordano Gallery, Islip, New York, Galerie Völcker & Freunde, Berlin, Germany
1999    Campo & Campo, Antwerp, Belgium, Galerie Völcker & Freunde, Berlin, Germany
1998    Snug Harbor Cultural Center, Staten Island, New York
1997    Brooklyn Museum of Art,  Brooklyn, New York, Herbert and Vera List Center at M.I.T. Cambridge, MA.
1996    Rotunda Gallery, Brooklyn, New York, Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, New York, Sylvia White Gallery, New York, New York
1995    ISEA95, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1992    Galerie Schoen+Nalepa, Berlin, Germany
1991    Fundaçao Demócrito Rocha, Fortalesca, Brazil
1990    Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, New York
1989    University Art Gallery, SUNY at Albany, New York
1987    Brooklyn Art and Cultural Assoc., Brooklyn, New York, Morris Museum, Morristown, New Jersey, P.S.1 -MOMA/Institute for Art and Urban Resources, New York, New York, Banff Center, Alberta, Canada
1986    CAD/CAM International Exhibition of Computer Artforms, Kortijk, Belgium, Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York, New York
1985    Asia Society, New York, New York, Video Image Invitational, Foundation Georgio Ronchi, Capri, Italy, Bronx Museum of Art, Bronx, New York
1983    United Nations, New York, New York
1981    Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York, Herbert F. Johnson Museum, Ithaca, New York
1980    Gallery Danielli, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
1979    The Showing Room, New York, New York, IV Biennale Internazionale Dantesca, Ravenna, Italy
1978    Middendorf /Lane Gallery, Washington, D.C., Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Ithaca, New York
1975    Roy R. Neuberger Museum, Purchase, New York

Awards and sponsorship
Kur-World Cup | Environmental Award for Architecture & Design
Art Matters Foundation
CBK Centrum Bildende Künst-Rotterdam
The Creative and Performing Arts Council of  Cornell University
Foundation for Contemporary Performance Arts
The Netherlands Consul for North America
The Netherland-America Foundation
The National Endowment for the Arts / Interdisciplinary Arts Program
New York Foundation for the Arts /Awards in Sculpture and Printmaking
New York State Council on the Arts /Individual Artist Program and Sponsored Projects
Sculpture Award of the Ithaca Art Association

References (on-line)
Leonardo Magazine: The Horizon is Nothing More than the Limit of Our Sight, and The Berlin Diary.
Luminous Bodies exhibition curated by Dara Meyers Kingsley.
Luminous Bodies 1996 Dara Meyers-Kingsley,guest curator
New York Times, Art in Review; Luminous Bodies exhibition Review by Holland Cotter  Published: October 4, 1996
New York Times, Art Review; Ahab's Wife, Ignored in 'Moby-Dick,' Tries Again by Ken Johnson Published: August 28, 1998
UCSC  /Mel Wong Choreography commissions Buddha Meets Einstein at the Great Wall
New York Times, Dance  Review;: 'Laser Sculpture' by Jennifer Dunning Published: May 26, 1981, Tuesday
MIT Press, Digital Zapatistas by Jill Lane; Summer 2003, Vol. 47, No. 2 (T178), Pages 129-144. Posted Online March 13, 2006. © 2003 New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
New York Times, Art Review; Inaugural Exhibition For Gallery in Beacon by D. DOMINICK LOMBARDI Published: April 22, 2001
Artnews.org: Ron Rocco
Hudson Guild, New York, New York
Rockland Center for the Art /Digital and Beyond
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Archives Collections: Department of Public Affairs press releases, 1952-2012
Video History Project /Experimental Television Center
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York Museum Library and Archives Catalog
New York Times, Dance  Review: WORK BY MEL WONG By JENNIFER DUNNING Published: April 1, 1985
Ecological Art: Ron Rocco
Stone Quarry Hill Art Park: Ron Rocco
Intelligent Agent April/May 1997 Intellectual Properties by Robbin Murphy

References (off-line)
Zhuhai Magazine, May 2017 issue 367, "Space" a review of the Chengchuan Art Gallery.
Among the Trees, Visual Arts Center of New Jersey exhibition catalog, Summit, New Jersey April 2006.
The New York Times Arts & New Jersey Footlights March 26, 2006  Among the Trees
Sunday Star Ledger March 26, 2006  Among the Trees
Inaugural Invitational, Collaborative Concepts exhibition catalog, Beacon, New York. May 2001.
Twenty-Six American Artists, Campo & Campo exhibition catalog, September 1999
New York Times Arts & Entertainment April 22, 2001 Inaugural Invitational at Collaborative Concepts, Beacon, New York
Luminous Bodies, The Rotunda Gallery exhibition catalog, September 1996.
Warehouse Galerie, Amsterdam, Netherlands  Ron Rocco  Private Parts - Rotterdam 1993
Leonardo Magazine, Vol.26 #4 1993  New Horizons: Notes on a Video Installation
Fundaçao Demócrito Rocha,  Fortalesca, Brazil 1991.  Exposiçao Internacional de Escúlturas Efêmeras
Kunstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin, Germany.  Ron Rocco  The Berlin Project 1991
Plus, Minus, Zero  Brussel, Belgium  Dec. 1991  Le Projet Berlin
Berliner Morgenpost,  Dec.17, 1991  Kunst-Splitter: Amerika Haus
Brandenburg Kurier, Dec.13, 1991  Neue Ausstellung: Ron Rocco / The Berlin Project
The New York Times, Friday, Dec.28, 1990  Exhibition in Katonah: The Machine as Muse
The Danbury New Times,  Vol.8/Issue 46 Nov.17, 1990  Art and Technology
The Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York 1990  The Technological Muse
Working in Brooklyn / Installations, The Brooklyn Museum exhibition catalog, Brooklyn, New York October 1990
The Phoenix, Brooklyn, New York  August 9, 1990  Art Made in Brooklyn
New York Newsday, Tuesday, Aug.7, 1990  Installations with Twists of their Own
Greenline, Brooklyn, New York May 1990  "Celebration" - Artists Exhibit in Local Lofts
The Netherland-America Foundation, New York, New York  Annual Report 1989
Newark Star Ledger, April 26, 1987,  Art: Morris Exhibit Interfaces Art and Modern Science
The Arizona Republic, Dimitri Drobatschewsky Nov.22, 1986  East meets West
Beaux Arts Magazine,  No.26 Juil/Aout 1985  Video a Capri
The New York Times, Monday April 4, 1985  Art from All Corners: Buddha Meets Einstein
The Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York  Annual Report 1983
The New York Times, Tuesday, Sept.6, 1983  Suspense Story
The New York Times, May 26, 1981, Ron Rocco/Laser Sculpture Dance
High Performance Magazine, Issue 17-18/Vol.5 #1 Summer 1982  Ron Rocco/Laser Sculpture Dance 1981
Edizioni del Centro Dantesco, Ravenna, Italy Ottobre 1979  L'Inferno di Dante e dell 'Uomo Moderno
The Times Gazette, Ithaca, New York March 11, 1978. Inside Art: New Ithaca Gallery Shows Two Sculptors
The Times Gazette, Ithaca, New York April 14, 1977. Art Ron Rocco: Physically Sound

References

Living people
1953 births
American photographers
Laser art
State University of New York at Purchase alumni
Artists from the Bronx
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
21st-century American sculptors


"You Make My Heart Best Faster (And That's All That Matters)" is a song by American singer-songwriter Kim Carnes and the second single from her eighth studio album, Café Racers (1983). Carnes co-wrote the track with her husband, David Ellingson, and Q-Feel bandmates Martin Page and Brian Fairweather. The track was produced by Keith Olsen.

The single peaked at no. 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1984, and no. 15 on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart.

A music video was shot at the historic Riverside Raceway in Riverside, California. It features local driver Steve Webb driving his classic #45 royal blue Formula Ford. The video also features British actor Ian McShane.

Format and track listings
The single was released twice.

7" vinyl released in the United States.

7" vinyl released in Germany.

Charts

References

1983 singles
Kim Carnes songs
Songs written by Kim Carnes
Songs written by Martin Page
1983 songs
EMI America Records singles


Shannon Garrett (born January 24, 1972) is a former professional Canadian football defensive back and linebacker who played fourteen seasons in the Canadian Football League.

Early years
Garrett was born January 24, 1972, in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. He was a four-year college football starter at Mississippi College and was nominated as an All-American, All-Gulf South Conference (GSC) and ALL-GSC Academic. He was inducted into the Mississippi College Hall of Fame in April 2008.

Professional career
Garrett began his pro career with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the 1995 CFL season and played three seasons there before moving on to the Saskatchewan Roughriders for the 1998 and 1999 CFL seasons. After being released following a training camp try-out with the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League in 2000, Garrett joined the Edmonton Eskimos in September of the 2000 CFL season and remained with the organisation until his retirement in March 2009.

References

External links
 Edmonton Eskimos bio

1972 births
Living people
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football defensive backs
Canadian football linebackers
Edmonton Elks players
Mississippi College Choctaws football players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players


was a Japanese freestyle swimmer. He competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1924, he did not show for the semi-finals of the 100 metre freestyle event. He was also a member of the Japanese relay team which finished fourth in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition.

References

External links
Torahiko Miyahata at Sports Reference

1903 births
1988 deaths
Olympic swimmers for Japan
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Kōchi Prefecture
Japanese male freestyle swimmers
20th-century Japanese people


Vicky Theodoropoulou (; born 1958 in Athens, Greece) is a Greek writer.  She read Modern History in Athens and in Paris at the Sorbonne University and she was a journalist for major Greek newspapers and a broadcaster on the Greek Radio Organisation. At the same time, she wrote books spanning from historical documentation to literature to a genre of
psychogeographical impressions. Her first novel, Letter from Dublin (Hestia Publishers, 1997), was awarded the Maria Ralli Prize for a first-published author.

External links
 Official site of Vicky Theodoropoulou

1958 births
Living people
University of Paris alumni
Greek women writers
Writers from Athens
Mass media people from Athens


Alfred Cosier Morris  (born 12 November 1941) is a British academic. He was the first vice-chancellor of the University of the West of England in Bristol from 1992 to 2005 and before that was director of its predecessor, Bristol Polytechnic, from 1986.

Education
Educated at Hymers College, Morris went on to study financial control at the University of Lancaster.

Career
In September 2008, Morris was appointed interim vice-chancellor of the University of Wales, Lampeter in order to ensure the creation of a new institution incorporating Trinity University College and University of Wales, Lampeter.

In May 2009, it was announced that Morris had been appointed interim vice-chancellor of London Metropolitan University, following the resignation of Brian Roper. He was succeeded in November 2009 by Malcolm Gillies.

Since 2004, Morris has been a member of the Society of Merchant Venturers, an institution established by royal charter in 1552 whose membership is invited "from individuals who have been successful in their chosen area of business". In response, present day Merchants point to the roles of later members including its Master, Joseph Harford, in chairing the Bristol Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade which was the first provincial committee founded, in 1788, to promote that object.

References

External links
Notice of honorary degree from Bristol

Academics of the University of Wales, Lampeter
Living people
People educated at Hymers College
People associated with the University of the West of England, Bristol
People associated with London Metropolitan University
1941 births
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Deputy Lieutenants of Gloucestershire
Alumni of Lancaster University
Alumni of Graduate College, Lancaster
Members of the Society of Merchant Venturers


Sékou Bamba de Karamoko  (25 February 1970 in Odienné – 19 April 2008 in Abidjan) was an Ivorian professional footballer who played as a midfielder for several clubs in Africa and Europe.

Club career
Bamba played for Africa Sports National, ASEC Mimosas and Stade d'Abidjan in Ivory Coast. He had a brief spell with Antalyaspor in the Turkish Super Lig.

Bamba was part of ASEC's squad that were finalists at the African Cup of Champions Clubs 1995.

International career
Bamba played for the full Ivory Coast national football team, including appearing at the 1987 All-Africa Games and in qualifying matches for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. He was selected to play at the 1992 African Cup of Nations in Senegal, but refused to join the team.

Death
Bamba died at the age of 38. He left behind one son and two daughters.

References

External links

1970 births
2008 deaths
Ivorian men's footballers
Ivory Coast men's international footballers
Africa Sports d'Abidjan players
ASEC Mimosas players
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Antalyaspor footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
AS Denguélé players
People from Odienné
Men's association football forwards


Alinja (also known as "Alıncak"; ; ) is a village and  municipality in the Julfa District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. The mausoleum and shrine of the Hurufi Fazlallah are located on a hillside overlooking the village. Qara Iskander, the ruler of Kara Koyunlu was murdered in the castle in 1437 by his son Shah Kubad.

History
Alinja is mentioned in historical records for the first time in the seventh century atlas, the Ashkharhatsuyts, commonly attributed to Anania Shirakatsi, under its original Armenian name, Yernjak. It is described as the first district of the Kingdom of Armenia's province of Syunik'. The ruins of the medieval Yernjak (or Ernjak) fortress, which dates to the seventh century, are located on a crag overlooking Alinja village. This fortress once controlled and gave its name to, Yernjak province, which comprised the whole valley down to the Araks river. A separate Armenian tradition states that the province was named after Lady Yernjik, a member of the royal family of the Syunik' princes. The Armenian historian Stepanos Orbelian noted its formidable position, describing it as the "impossible to penetrable Yernjak" (անհնարին ամուրն Երնջակ).

The province belonged to the Arshakuni kings of Armenia until their kingdom was dissolved in 428 A.D. The Armenian king Smbat I Bagratuni captured the canton and the fortress from the Arabs, who had taken them in 698. However, the emir of Āzarbāijān, Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj, put the fortress under siege for a year and captured it, awarding it to the Muslim emir of Goght'n. The long and arduous struggle between King Smbat and emir Yusuf ended at Yernjak, where the latter put the former to death in 914. However, by the end of the tenth century Yernjak was back in the hands of the princes of Syunik'. After the dissolution of the Bagratuni Kingdom of Armenia in 1045, in the following centuries the region passed into the hands of external powers. It was taken by the Seljuks in the eleventh century, and by the Mongols in the thirteenth century. Yernjak was invested by the forces of Tamerlane but the fortress managed to withstand the siege for thirteen years until it was taken in 1401. The fortress was probably razed by the forces of Nadir Shah.

The district became part of the Russian Empire following the conclusion of the 1826-1828 Russo-Persian war. In 1921 it became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR.

References

Further reading

 Alishan, Ghevond. Sisakan [Sisakan]. Venice: Mkhitarian Press, 1893.

Populated places in Julfa District


TPC Louisiana is an 18-hole golf course in the southern United States, located in Avondale, Louisiana, a suburb southwest of New Orleans.

Opened  in 2004, it was designed by renowned golf course architect Pete Dye in consultation with tour professionals Steve Elkington and Kelly Gibson. TPC Louisiana has been part of the PGA Tour's Tournament Players Club network since its second season, and hosts the tour's Zurich Classic of New Orleans in the spring.

Scorecard

References

External links

 Zurich Classic of New Orleans – official site

Golf clubs and courses in New Orleans
Golf clubs and courses designed by Pete Dye
Buildings and structures in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
2004 establishments in Louisiana


Gülüstan () is a village and  municipality in the Julfa District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 5 km in the north-west from the district center, on the right bank of the Aras River.

The modern site of Gülüstan was originally the location of a district of the city of Julfa. The village was called Cuğa until 1999, derived from the Armenian name of the city. During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Armenian population of the village was ethnically cleansed.

Its current population is busy with farming and animal husbandry. There is a secondary school, a cultural house, two libraries, a communication center, and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 482.

Armenian presence
Primary sources indicate that between 1604 and 1605, around 250,000 to 300,000 Armenians were involuntarily relocated from the region, and a significant number lost their lives while making an attempt to cross the Arax River. The majority of these Armenians were ultimately resettled in Iranian Azerbaijan, alongside Armenians who had already settled there. Some were also relocated to the Mazandaran region, as well as the cities of Sultanieh, Qazvin, Mashhad, Hamadan, Arak, and Shiraz. Wealthy Armenians from Julfa were specifically transported to the Safavid capital of Esfahan, where they were given special treatment and experienced less hardship during their migration. The Julfa community was settled on the banks of the Zayandeh Rud, and a new town called New Julfa (Nor Jugha) was built for them in 1605. The city was a center of Armenian culture, housing a fortress, a massive bridge, and the largest medieval Armenian cemetery. After the population removals, the site was degraded to the status of a small village, with a population of a few hundred, mostly Armenian residents. The Armenian cemetery, the only significant vestige of the greater city of Julfa left in the village, was destroyed between 1998 and 2006 in what was characterised as an act of cultural genocide, akin to the destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan.

Culture and sights

Gulustan Tomb
The architectural monument of the Middle Ages near the village of Gulustan, Julfa region. The Gulustan tomb which was built under the influence of the Momuna Khatun Tomb at the beginning of the 13th century belongs to the tower shaped tombs group of Azerbaijan.
The twelve-faced body of the tomb was built of red sandstone, but the pedestal with the original structure (the corners are in form of the projected cubic) was built of the hewed stone. Despite of other tombs of Azerbaijan the vault of the Gulustan tomb is situated on the land surface (in the pedestal). The pedestal looks like the projected pyramid outside but inside is cylindrical. The projected pyramid which is square in plan (6.6 x 6.6 cm) turns to the right twelve-faced in the upper part outside and twelve-faced upper chamber is situated on it. The upper tent cover of the tomb was completely destroyed. In accordance with this to identify if the cover looked like a pyramid or conic form is very difficult. The tomb surfaces were decorated with the carving geometric ornaments and were framed with the decorative arches. Each face of the tower is completed with the arches, by means of salient forking. Inside the recesses were covered with the neat designs as it exists in the tombs of Ajami Nakhchivani. When glanced at the designs in all twelve faces, it becomes clear that the succession existing here is completed by means of three kinds of geometric designs repeatedly. The joined part of the body with the stand, also the place passing to the dome, were encircled with the carved enforcement of stalactite shape. The assembling of the ornaments with other decorative elements and their connection give a rather more vivid and elastic image to the monument. The space structure of the Gulustan tomb is the unexampled specimen on the basis of a square from the circle, from cubic capacity to conic and thus the artistic – technical solution of the symmetric systems pass to one another. As the widespread area of these kinds of tombs is Anadolu, it is possible to regard the Gulustan tomb as the key indicator of the background unity of the central Azerbaijan and the tombs of the Anadolu Saljug. According to the symmetry between the architectural forms, cut and neatness of the designs the Gulustan tomb is differed from these stone tombs for its advantage.

Jugha
Jugha is the settlement of the Middle Ages in the north-west from the Gulustan village. It is limited by the high mountain range in the north, by the Araz River in the south, and by the ancient cemetery in the west. The settlement in the form of narrow stripe on the left bank of the Araz River is lies towards from west to east. The residential buildings were completely destroyed in the area, remains of the building (especially burned bricks) were scattered in the around. From here were discovered the products of the glazed and unglazed ceramic in the pink colored decorated with the ornaments of various compositions, the copper coins and other examples of the material culture.  There exist the archaeological monument of the Middle Ages in the west end of the place of residence. Its area is about 10 hectares. The grave monuments were from different periods, consists of the ram stones, stone graves, the chest and head stones made in the form of a rectangular prism. On the gravestones meets images of various subjects (especially the image of a winged dragon). According to the findings and grave monuments, it is assumed that the main activity period of the Cuğa belongs to the 11-17 centuries. There are also the grave monuments of the last period in the area.

Mineral water
The Gulustan mineral water is in the bed of the Alinjachay (Alinja River), at 2.5 km distance from the village of Gulustan, in the territory of Julfa region. The mineral water is extracted from the well of 135 m in depth which was drilled in 1962. The water is carbonic aerated, less mineralized, hyrocarbonated with natrium-calcium-magnezium. It is of the same type of “Kislovodsk” (Russia) and “Sirab” (Babak) waters.
It is used in treatment of the gastroenteric diseases.

References

Further reading
Naxçıvan ensiklopediyası (Encyclopedia of Nakchivan) - 2nd edition, Nakchivan 2005, pp 214

Populated places in Julfa District
1604 establishments in Iran


The James Joyce Quarterly (JJQ) is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1963 that covers critical and theoretical work focusing on the life, writing, and reception of James Joyce. The journal publishes essays, notes, reviews, letters, and a comprehensive checklist of recent Joyce-related publications.

To supplement the print journal, JJQ also has an online version. The site provides an archive of past issues, a resources page, links to full-text options available on JSTOR and Project MUSE, a calendar of Joyce events, and an on-line checklist.

History
The James Joyce Quarterly was established in 1963 at the University of Tulsa by Thomas F. Staley, who was the journal's editor-in-chief for its first twenty-five years. From 1989 to 2001 Robert Spoo edited the journal and in 2001 Sean Latham succeeded Spoo. In 2022 Latham announced he was stepping down as editor, with Spoo returning as co-editor along with Jeff Drouin.

Notable contributors to the JJQ include Fritz Senn, Hans Walter Gabler, Morris Beja, John McCourt, Vicki Mahaffey, Margot Norris, and Michael Groden.

Awards
JJQ received an "Honorable Mention" for "Best Design" from the Council of Editors of Learned Journals.

External links

 JJQ on Project MUSE
 JJQ at The James Joyce Centre
 JJQ Fifty-Year Index

References

Works about James Joyce
Literary magazines published in the United States
Joyce, James
University of Tulsa
Quarterly journals


Lowing is a Scottish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Alan Lowing (born 1988), Scottish footballer
 David Lowing (born 1983), Scottish footballer
 Larissa Lowing (born 1973), Canadian artistic gymnast


was a Japanese freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Shizuoka. In 1924 Onoda was eliminated in the first round of the 100 metre freestyle event as well as of the 1500 metre freestyle competition. He was also a member of the Japanese relay team which finished fourth in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event.

References

External links
Kazuo Onoda's profile at Sports Reference.com

Olympic swimmers for Japan
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
1900 births
1983 deaths
Japanese male freestyle swimmers
20th-century Japanese people


is the fifth installment in the Time Bokan series, produced by Tatsunoko Productions and directed by Hiroshi Sasagawa. In this series, two royal houses battle for the power to rule the Kingdom of Fir. In order to secure the Kingdom, two representatives go back in time to find the mythical Firebird, which will allow its bearer to become the rightful ruler.

Plot

1000 years in the future, the king who governed the kingdom of Fir, died. An evil dynasty conformed from the capricious Prince Kamaro, his sister Princess Mirenjo, and their two minions (the mechanic Julie Kokematsu and the guard Alan Sukadon) conspire with the objective of governing the kingdom with Kamaro as king. However, a major technicality prevents Kamaro from succeeding with his plan, because whoever finds the mystic Firebird first will become the new and rightful monarch. It travels throughout time and space in the past, disguised as mystic objects of legends, and the evil villains want to capture it. The honorable daughter of the deceased king, Princess Karen, and her guard-robot, Daigoron, travel towards 1981 to ask for help from his ancestors, Wataru Toki and Koyomu Himekuri, in locating the Firebird. When the villains take advantage of the heroes, Wataru Toki transforms into Yattodetaman before fighting against the trio in a comedic battle.

Cast

Heroes
Wataru Toki/Yattodetaman - Kazuyuki Sogabe
Koyomi Himekuri - Masako Miura
Karen-hime - Mika Doi
Daigoron - Yūsaku Yara
Kingorou Tōyama - Osamu Saka

Villains
Mirenjo-hime - Noriko Ohara
Julie Kokematsu - Jōji Yanami
Alan Sukadon - Kazuya Tatekabe
Baron Donfanfan - Masayuki Yamamoto
Prince Komaro - Hiroko Maruyama

Others
Sasayaki - Kei Tomiyama
Koyama - Kazuya Tatekabe
Dara-sen'nin - Ichirō Nagai
Narrator - Kei Tomiyama

Episodes

References

External links

1981 anime television series debuts
Fuji TV original programming
Science fiction anime and manga
Tatsunoko Production
Time Bokan Series


The Sixth Federal Electoral District of Chiapas (VI Distrito Electoral Federal de Chiapas) is one of the 300 Electoral Districts into which Mexico is divided for the purpose of elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 12 such districts in the state of Chiapas.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period, by means of the first past the post system.

District territory
The Sixth  District of Chiapas is located in the centre of the state and covers the municipalities of
Acala, Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapilla, Chicoasén, Ixtapa, Las Rosas, Nicolás Ruiz, Osumacinta, San Lucas, Soyaló, Suchiapa, Totolapa, and Venustiano Carranza, plus the southern and western parts of the municipality of Tuxtla Gutiérrez.

The district's head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and collated, is the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez.

Previous districting schemes

1996–2005 district
Between 1996 and 2005, the Sixth  District had a different configuration. The head town was Chiapa de Corzo and it covered the following municipalities:
Acala, Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapilla,  Ixtapa, Nicolás Ruiz, San Lucas, Soyaló, Totolapa and Venustiano Carranza, all of which are still part of the district, plus:
Bochil, La Concordia, and Villa Corzo.

Deputies returned to Congress from this district

L Legislature
1976–1979: Leonardo León Cerpa (PRI)
LI Legislature
1979–1982: Alberto Ramón Cerdio Bado (PRI)
LII Legislature
1982–1985:
LIII Legislature
1985–1988:
LIV Legislature
1988–1991: Romeo Ruiz Armento (PRI)
LV Legislature
1991–1994:
LVI Legislature
1994–1997: Rafael Ceballos Cancino (PRI)
LVII Legislature
2000–1999: Roberto Albores Guillén (PRI)
1999–2000: Agustín Santiago Albores (PRI)
LVIII Legislature
2000–2003: Roberto Domínguez Castellanos (PRI)
LIX Legislature
2003–2006: Roberto Aguilar Hernández (PRI)
LX Legislature
2006–2009: Héctor Narcía Álvarez (PRD)

References and notes

Federal electoral districts of Mexico
Government of Chiapas


Capital Yorkshire is a regional radio station owned by Global as part of the Capital network. It broadcasts to South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, the East Riding of Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire from studios in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

The licence held makes Capital Yorkshire the largest regional British radio station outside London.

Technical
Capital Yorkshire broadcasts on  FM at a power of 9.6 kW from High Hunsley, which covers the East Riding of Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire and on  FM at a power of 2.4 kW from Emley Moor, which covers West Yorkshire. It also has two filler transmitters, both on  FM, one from Idle at 0.5 kW which covers Bradford and the other from Tapton Hill at 0.24 kW covering Sheffield.

DAB broadcasts were formerly provided on the MXR 12A Yorkshire region multiplex from nine transmitters, with the strongest signal from Emley Moor, and other DAB signals from Belmont, Bilsdale, Acklam Wold (North Yorkshire), and Tapton Hill. With the closure of the MXR multiplex in 2015, Capital rolled down to being delivered over the five local area multiplexes around Yorkshire and the Humber, enabling continuation of essentially region-wide coverage.

A version of Galaxy Yorkshire's output was also broadcast in various other areas on DAB as Galaxy Digital, with the UK's ID to replace the Yorkshire one and the regional Yorkshire adverts replaced by UK-wide adverts. (In some cases, a cut down song would be played to fill in for all or part of the commercial break.) This service was aired in a number of areas which did not have their own Galaxy service (including London and the East Midlands), and was also broadcast on Sky and Virgin Media until 15 November 2010 when it was replaced with LBC News 1152. Galaxy was removed from the London DAB multiplex on 16 November 2010, replaced by The Arrow (the only Global station brand not transmitted in London at that time.)

History

Galaxy Yorkshire
The station launched at 1.05 pm on 14 February 1997 as Kiss 105, but became Galaxy 105 later that year after a take over by the Chrysalis Group, then in 2006 it became simply Galaxy Yorkshire. Launched as a dance music station, later years saw the playlist expanded to incorporate urban music genres.

The stations strapline was altered to "passion for music, passion for life" to reflect its new target demographic which had been changed from 15–29 to 15–34 . This was reinforced by the playing of more old school "Galaxy Anthems" – similar to Bauer rival Kiss's "Kisstory". In 2008 it was rebranded as a mainstream station along with all the other Galaxy Stations with a new 'Love Music' strapline before becoming "Yorkshire's No. 1 Hit Music Station" in July 2010.

Capital Yorkshire
The station was rebranded as Capital Yorkshire on 3 January 2011 as part of a merger of Global Radio's Galaxy and Hit Music networks to form the nine-station Capital network. On 20 June 2014, long serving Capital Breakfast presenter Simon Hirst (now Stephanie Hirst) left Global Radio after 14 years.

On 26 February 2019, Global confirmed the station's local breakfast and weekend shows would be replaced with networked programming from April 2019. The weekday Drivetime show was retained alongside news bulletins, traffic updates and advertising.

Programming
All networked programming originates from Global's London headquarters, including Capital Breakfast with Roman Kemp.

Local programming is produced and broadcast from Global's Leeds studios from 4–7 pm on weekdays, presented by Adam O'Neill and Joanne 'JoJo' Kelly.

News
Global's Newsroom broadcasts hourly local news updates from 5 am–6 pm on weekdays and 6 am–12 pm at weekends.

The Leeds newsroom also produces bulletins for Communicorp-owned Heart Yorkshire along with other broadcast centres.

Former notable presenters

 Bam Bam
 Sacha Brooks
 Rich Clarke
 David Dunne (Hed Kandi & Nu Cool)
 Andi Durrant
 Riley & Durrant
 Boy George
 Stephanie Hirst
 Dave Kelly

 Nemone
 Adil Ray
 Adele Roberts
 Graeme Smith
 Steve Sutherland
 Margherita Taylor
 Tiësto
 Jez Willis

References

External links

 History of local radio in Yorkshire.
 Emley Moor transmitter.
 High Hunsley transmitter.

Yorkshire
Radio stations established in 1997
Radio stations in Yorkshire
1997 establishments in England
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United Kingdom


Michael A. Barimo (born 1985 in the US) is a pop singer and whistler.

Biographical and career information
Raised in Winter Park, Florida, Barimo began his career as a singer and whistler as a child, performing with a boys' choir and touring as Amahl in Gian Carlo Menotti's one-act opera Amahl and the Night Visitors. When he was three years old his aunt gave him a pet canary that supposedly inspired him to whistle. In the first grade, Barimo was awarded "best whistler" of his class, foreshadowing what would come in his musical career. At the age of 11, Barimo appeared on the Nickelodeon show Figure It Out and whistled an aria from Faust.

Barimo won several of the national whistling competitions held by the International Whistlers Convention in Louisburg, North Carolina as a teen. Upon winning the grand title of World Champion at the Millennium Championship of Musical Whistling in Edmonton, Alberta in 1999, he began performing around the world, whistling operatic arias, particularly those with fast coloratura. His most well known whistled arias are: The Vengeance Aria (Mozart) The Jewel Song (Gounod) and Mercè Dilette Amiche (Verdi).

Barimo attended Columbia College of Columbia University in New York City from 2002 to 2006, graduating with two B.A.'s in Italian Literature and Anthropology.
He won the 2002 Sergio Franchi scholarship from National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) and performed at galas in D.C. and Connecticut. On March 30, 2003, while a freshman at Columbia, Barimo appeared as the musical guest on the Late Show with David Letterman.

Barimo has performed at Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall with the IBLA Foundation and was presented the Vincenzo Bellini award. he was presented with an award by the Licia Albanese Puccini Foundation in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2006 and performed at their annual gala held at Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center. On November 30, 2007, Barimo performed a one-man concert for the Italian Legion of Merit. On November 11, 2008, he performed for Ten O'Clock Classics at their gala at the Russian Tea Room in New York. In March 2008, he performed for the Ten O'Clock Classics at The Cutting Room in New York City.

Career
Barimo has been profiled in The New York Times, America Oggi, The Sydney Morning Herald, National Geographic World, Sports Illustrated, The Winter Park Observerv, BBC News Online, NYC24, The Villages Daily Sun. In summer 2007, Barimo modeled clothing for IO DONNA, the style magazine of Corriere dPeople from Winter Park, Floridaella Sera in an issue profiling 'Italiani d'America".

He can be heard on BBC's animated series for children, 3rd & Bird'':
"The colourful pre-school animation series, which features the bird-whistling talents of world musical whistling champion Michael Barimo, continues this week with a rollercoaster of an episode."

Now Barimo has a rock band, called Di Bari. Di Bari performs in festivals all over the US and has a following in Latin America. Recently Di Bari has played NYC venues: The Highline Ballroom, Webster Hall, Tammany Hall and The Knitting Room.

Notable performances:
Nov 2002, 03, 04, 06: Puccini Foundation, Alice Tully Hall
Nov 2002 NIAF Annual Gala, Washington, D.C.
September 2003
March 2003, 04: IBLA at Carnegie Hall
March 2007: Il Circolo of the Palm Beaches
March 2007: Pucciana Exhibit Opening for Giulio Bellutti, NYU Casa Italiana
April 2007: Loew's Portofino Bay Hotel Harbor Nights
Nov 2007: Italian Legion of Merit Gala
March 2008: The Cutting Room
Nov 2008: Ten O'Clock Classics Gala, Russian Tea Room

References

1985 births
Living people
People from Winter Park, Florida
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singers
Columbia College (New York) alumni


Tyrian shekels, tetradrachms, or tetradrachmas were coins of Tyre, which in the Roman Empire took on an unusual role as the medium of payment for the Temple tax in Jerusalem, and subsequently gained notoriety as a likely mode of payment for Judas Iscariot.

Description
In the latest standard, which was also the one used for the temple tax, the coins bore the likeness of the Phoenician god Melqart or Baal, accepted as the Olympian Herakles by the Greeks and derided as Beelzebub by Jews in the time of the Seleucids, wearing the laurel reflecting his role in the Tyrian games and the ancient Olympic Games.

They also bore the Greek inscription  (, 'of Tyre the holy [city] and [city] of refuge'). The coins were the size of a modern Israeli half-shekel and were issued by Tyre, in that form, between 126 BC and AD 56. Earlier Tyrian coins with the value of a tetradrachm, bearing various inscriptions and images, had been issued from the second half of the fifth century BC.

After the Roman Empire closed down the mint in Tyre, the Roman authorities allowed the Jewish rabbanim to continue minting Tyrian shekels in Judaea, but with the requirement that the coins should continue to bear the same image and text to avoid objections that the Jews were given autonomy. They were replaced by First Jewish Revolt coinage in 66 AD.

The Tyrian shekels were considered tetradrachms by the Greeks, as they weighed four Athenian drachmas, about 14 grams , more than earlier 11-gram shekels but regarded as equivalent for religious duties at that time. Because Roman coinage was only 80% silver, the purer (94% or more) Tyrian shekels were required to pay the temple tax in Jerusalem.

The money changers referenced in the New Testament Gospels (Matt. 21:12 and parallels) provided Tyrian shekels in exchange for Roman currency when this was required.

See also

History of currency
List of historical currencies
Shekel
Carthaginian shekel, generally roughly half a Tyrian shekel
Jerusalem shekel
Bar Kochba shekel

References

Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
Coins in the Bible
History of Tyre, Lebanon
Phoenician currency
Baal
Shekel


Maplewood is an unincorporated community in Door County, in the town of Forestville, Wisconsin, United States. The nearest city to Maplewood is Sturgeon Bay. Maplewood is located along Wisconsin Highway 42 approximately 3 miles (5 km) south of its junction with Wisconsin Highway 57. A small county park in the center of Maplewood provides an eating area and restrooms for users of the Ahnapee State Trail.

Images

References

Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin
Unincorporated communities in Door County, Wisconsin


James P. O'Neill (died March 3, 1993) was an American baseball pitcher who is most notable for winning the 1952 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award while a senior at College of the Holy Cross. He is the only person from College of the Holy Cross to ever win the award. He was inducted into the College of the Holy Cross Hall of Fame in 1980. O'Neill also played basketball at Holy Cross and played on the 1949-50 team with future hall of fame guard Bob Cousy which set the school record for wins (27).

References

Year of birth missing
1993 deaths
All-American college baseball players
Baseball players from Columbus, Ohio
Holy Cross Crusaders baseball players
Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball players
College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award winners
Baseball pitchers
American men's basketball players


Christianus Cornelius Uhlenbeck (18 October 1866, in Voorburg, the Netherlands – 12 August 1951, in Lugano, Switzerland) was a Dutch linguist and anthropologist with a wide variety of research interests. His published work included books and articles on Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages, Sanskrit, Basque, and the Blackfoot language of North American Indians. He served as a lecturer at Leiden University.

In 1904 Uhlenbeck became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

In the summer of 1911, C.C. Uhlenbeck visited the Blackfoot Indian reservation in Montana to conduct field work. He was accompanied by his wife, Wilhelmina Maria Uhlenbeck, whose diary was later incorporated into their book about this expedition.

Bibliography
Uhlenbeck, C.C. A Concise Blackfoot Grammar Based on Material from the Southern Peigans, New York: AMS, 1978. (Originally published 1938 by Hollandsche Uitgevers-Maatschappij, Amsterdam, in series Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Afdeeling Letterkunde. Nieuwe Reeks, Deel XLI) OCLC: 3097417
Uhlenbeck, C.C. An English-Blackfoot Vocabulary, New York: AMS, 1979. (Originally published 1930 in series: Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Afd. Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, Deel 29, No. 4)
Uhlenbeck, C.C. and R.H. van Gulik. A Blackfoot-English Vocabulary Based on Material from the Southern Peigans, Amsterdam: Uitgave van de N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers-Jaatschapp-ij, 1934. (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie Van WetenSchappen te Amsterdam. Afdeeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, Deel XXXIII, No. 2)

References

1866 births
1951 deaths
Linguists from the Netherlands
Dutch anthropologists
People from Haarlem
Leiden University alumni
Academic staff of Leiden University
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Basque-language scholars
Linguists of Algic languages
Paleolinguists
Dutch expatriates in the United States


Edward Cross may refer to:
Edward Cross (politician) (1798–1887), Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Arkansas
Edward E. Cross (1832–1863), newspaperman and Union Army general during the American Civil War
Edward Cross (zoo proprietor) (1774–1854), English zoo proprietor and dealer in animals
Edward Cross (footballer), English footballer who played for Sheffield United
Edward Makin Cross (1880–1965), bishop of Spokane in the Episcopal Church


was a Japanese freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in Shizuoka.

In 1924 he was eliminated in the first round of the 400 metre freestyle event as well as of the 1500 metre freestyle competition. He was also a member of the Japanese relay team which finished fourth in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event. Four years later he helped the Japanese relay team to qualify for the final of the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition when he swam in the semi-final. His compatriots won the silver medal, but Noda did not swim in the final and was not awarded with a medal.

References

External links
profile

1908 births
Year of death missing
Olympic swimmers for Japan
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japanese male freestyle swimmers
20th-century Japanese people


Anne Harris (born 21 July 1928), is a sculptor from Woodstock, Ontario.

Biography
Harris launched her career after visiting New York City in 1974. Her first show was at the Jaro Gallery on Madison Avenue, followed by more than a dozen shows in New York City and Chicago. Her sculpture, Opus 87, can be found in the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York. Her exhibits have also been displayed throughout Europe and Asia. In Canada, two of her sculptures can be found in the official residence of the Prime Minister, 24 Sussex Drive. Additionally, La Citadel is home to one of her bronze works.

Harris was born in Woodstock, Ontario. She studied at Central Technical School and the Ontario College of Art. Her work has been featured in nearly 40 exhibitions across North America and is included in over 100 private and public collections including the Albright Knox Gallery, the Canadiana National Capital Collection, Outdoor Sculpture at Rideau Hall, and the Chongqing Fine Art Museum, China. Harris has won Ontario Society of Artists awards on two occasions.

Works

References

External links

Toronto Sculpture - Virtual Gallery (Anne Harris)

1928 births
Living people
Canadian sculptors
People from Woodstock, Ontario
Canadian women sculptors
20th-century Canadian sculptors
20th-century Canadian women artists


John Stark Thomson (18 February 1903 – 1976) was a British freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1924 he was a member of the British relay team which finished fifth in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay.

References

1903 births
1976 deaths
British male swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Great Britain
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
British male freestyle swimmers


Razzia Records is an independent record label based in Stockholm, Sweden. It is part of the Family Tree Music group along with Catchy Tunes and Family Tree Music, which are together distributed by Sony Music.

The label is run by Martina Ledinsky and Daniel Ledinsky. Their first release was Magic Villa by Tomas Rusiak in 2000. On 20 September 2011, it was also announced that Razzia Records would release Joakim Thåström's album, Beväpna dig med wingar, in early 2012.

Artists signed to Razzia Records
Adiam
Beatrice Eli
Blood Stain Child
David Sandström
Dundertåget
Firefox AK
Gerilja
Hello Saferide
I Are Droid
Joel Alme
Jonna Lee
Konie
Maia Hirasawa
Mange Schmidt
NiccoKick
Petra Marklund
Sakert!
Svenska Kyrkan/David Lindh
The Plan
They Live By Night
Thunder Express
Timo Räisänen
Tomas Rusiak

References

External links
Official site

Swedish record labels


Institute of Geochemistry (), which is located in Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province of China, was founded in 1966 by the Beijing Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (now Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences).

See also
Geochemistry

External links
Official website (English)
Official website (Chinese)
Kunming Branch of CAS
Chinese Academy of Sciences

Research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Education in Guiyang
Geochemistry


The 1929 Eddisbury by-election was a by-election held on 20 March 1929 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eddisbury.

Vacancy
The election was triggered by the death of the sitting Unionist Member of Parliament (MP), Harry Barnston. He had been the MP here since re-gaining the seat from the Liberal at the January 1910 general election.

History
Eddisbury had been won by the Unionists at every election since the seat was created in 1885, with the exception of the Liberal landslide election of 1906, when the Liberal Arthur Stanley won the seat. The Liberals came closest to winning the seat back in 1923 when the Unionist majority was only 196 votes. At the previous General Election in 1924, the result was a comfortable Unionist win;

Candidates
It was a straight fight between the Unionist, Lieutenant-Colonel Roderick George Fenwick-Palmer and the Liberal, Richard Russell, Labour having decided not to contest the seat. The Labour Party had a weak organisation in the constituency and rarely fought the seat. Russell, a 57-year-old local government Alderman on Birkenhead Town Council, had the advantage of having fought the seat at the two previous general elections and had been nursing the constituency. Thirty-seven-year-old Fenwick Palmer (a descendant of Sir Robert Peel) was Chairman of Wrexham Conservative Association so was new to most electors in the constituency, although he was well known in Cheshire hunting circles.

Campaign
On 1 March, nationally, Liberal leader, David Lloyd George launched the Liberal programme for the upcoming General Election, titled We Can Conquer Unemployment.
The main issues in the election concerned agriculture, and the controversial land programme of Liberal leader David Lloyd George. This was unsurprising given the essentially rural nature of the constituency.

Result
The result was a Liberal gain from the Unionists.

The Liberal victory in a seat not won since 1906, helped fuel speculation that the Liberal Party might win a General Election, expected within months.

Aftermath
A couple of months later, Russell held the seat at the 1929 general election against the same Unionist opponent, with a slightly reduced majority.

By the time of the next general election (held in 1931) Russell had joined the Liberal National faction of the Liberal Party, and he was returned without opposition. In 1935 he was again returned unopposed as a Liberal National.

External links
Portrait of Richard Russell
 http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp55695/richard-john-russell?search=sas&sText=Richard+John+Russell
Portrait of Fenwick-Palmer
 http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp67323/roderick-george-fenwick-palmer

References

1929 elections in the United Kingdom
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Cheshire constituencies
1929 in England
20th century in Cheshire


Kərimbəyli (also, Karimbayli, known as Leninabad until 1999) is a village and  municipality in the Babek District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 11 km in the north-east from the district center, on the left bank of the Nakhchivanchay River, on the plain. Its population is busy with grain-growing, vegetable-growing and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, music school, culture house, club, mosque and a hospital in the village. It has a population of 1,495.

Etymology
The settlements were founded as result of settling the karimbayli tribe who was the part of the tribal unity of the gazakhli tribes. Karimbayli tribe has moved to Karabakh from Gazakh district, and later laid the foundation a number of settlements in the regions, including in the Nakhchivan region.

References

Populated places in Babek District


Naxışnərgiz (also, Nakhyshnargiz, Nakishnarkiz and Nakhshi-Nargiz) is a village and municipality in the Babek District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 15 km in the north-east from the district center, on the slope of the Zangezur ridge. There are secondary school, club and mosque in the village. It has a population of 518.

History
Until 5 October 1999, it was part of the Qahab village, since the same date it was created on the part of territory of the Qahab village and named as Naxışnərgiz.

References

Populated places in Babek District


Araz is a village and  municipality in the Babek District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located on the left bank of the Aras River. Its population is busy with gardening, grain growing and animal husbandry. There is a secondary school in the village. It has a population of 246.

References

Populated places in Babek District


Haciniyyət (also, Hadzhyniyyat and Hajyniyyet) is a village in the municipality of Tumbul in Nakhchivan city, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan. It is located 5 km in the south-east from the city center. Its population is busy with grain-growing, poultry farming, vegetable-growing and animal husbandry. There is a medical center in the village. It has a population of 217.

History
Since June 9, 2009, by the decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic, the Tumbul and Haciniyyət villages of the Babek District are included in the scope of the administrative territorial unit of Nakhchivan city.

References

Populated places in Azerbaijan
Districts of Azerbaijan
Subdivisions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic


Ant-like beetle may refer to:

 Ant-like flower beetle, a family of beetles known to consume small arthropods, pollen, fungi, and whatever else they can find
 Ant-like leaf beetle, a family of beetles found on the undersides of the leaves of shrubs and trees
 Ant-like stone beetle, a family of beetles known to feed on oribatid mites

Animal common name disambiguation pages


Jerry Vandam (born 8 December 1988) is a French professional footballer who plays as a right back for Régional 1 club Grande-Synthe.

Club career

Lille
Vandam signed for Lille in 2003, playing for youth teams until 2007. He began his professional career at the club, making his Ligue 1 debut in a 3–1 win over Rennes on 16 February 2008, where he came on as a substitute in the 81st minute for Nicolas Plestan.

Loan to Caen
Vandam agreed to join Caen on loan from Lille for 2011–12 Ligue 1 season. He made 36 appearances out of Caen's 38 league matches, scoring one goal. Vandam made his debut for Caen in a 1–0 win over Valenciennes on 6 August 2011, at the Stade Michel d'Ornano. He scored his first goal for the club in the 82nd minute following an assist by Frédéric Bulot in a 4–2 loss to Paris Saint-Germain on 29 October 2011, at the Parc des Princes. Caen were eventually relegated in 18th position, three points shy from safety in Ligue 1.

Mechelen
On 27 January 2013, Vandam joined Belgian Pro League club Mechelen on a 3-year contract until 30 June 2016.

International career
Vandam was born in Lille, France, to Ghanaian parents. In September 2010, he expressed his desire to play for Ghana.

Career statistics

References

1988 births
Living people
French men's footballers
Footballers from Lille
French sportspeople of Ghanaian descent
Ligue 1 players
Lille OSC players
Stade Malherbe Caen players
K.V. Mechelen players
S.K. Beveren players
Belgian Pro League players
Men's association football fullbacks
SSD Ischia Calcio players
USL Dunkerque players
Le Puy Foot 43 Auvergne players
Serie C players
Championnat National players
Championnat National 2 players
Régional 1 players
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Black French sportspeople


Middleton is a settlement and civil parish in Northumberland, England.  The parish is situated on the North Sea coast, south of the island of Lindisfarne, and contains the villages of Ross, Detchant and Elwick; all are shrunken medieval villages.  Both the A1 London to Edinburgh road and East Coast Main Line pass through the parish.  In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 136, falling to 115 at the 2011 Census.

Governance
The parish is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Landmarks
The Devil's Causeway passes the village of Middleton just over  to the east. The causeway is a Roman road which starts at Port Gate on Hadrian's Wall, north of Corbridge, and extends  northwards across Northumberland to the mouth of the River Tweed at Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Middleton Hall is a Grade II listed Tudor style mansion. After World War II it was sold to the Greenwich Hospital Trust. It has since been restored as a private residence.

References

External links

 Local History: Belford with Middleton, Northumberland

Villages in Northumberland
Civil parishes in Northumberland


The Poolesville Historic District is a national historic district located at Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland.  It consists of 33 buildings of local architectural and historical significance including structures representing a diversity of styles, materials, and uses, and includes residential, ecclesiastical, and commercial architecture, as well as an assorted number of small domestic dependencies, such as dairies and smokehouses.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

External links
, including photo in 2003, at Maryland Historical Trust website
Boundary Map of the Poolesville Historic District, Montgomery County, at Maryland Historical Trust

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Historic districts in Montgomery County, Maryland
Federal architecture in Maryland
Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland


Amiya Sen (July 1925 – 28 June 2000) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Bengal. He was born and died in Calcutta.

Sen made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1957–58 season. From the tailend, he scored five runs in the only innings in which he batted, as Bengal won the match by an innings margin.

External links
Amiya Sen at Cricket Archive

1925 births
2000 deaths
Indian cricketers
Bengal cricketers


Yunnan Astronomical Observatory (YAO; ) an institution of Chinese Academy of Sciences sits on the Phoenix Hill in the east suburbs of Kunming, Yunnan, China. It is the only research observatory in the southwest of China. It is a state institution for astronomy research and public science education. There are 8 research groups and 2 observing stations in YAO.

It was founded during the Japanese invasion of China by astronomers from the Beijing Astronomical Observatory and the Purple Mountain Observatory evacuated from their home
towns.

Groups:
 Solar physics
 Stellar physics
 Stellar population
 Extragalactic physics
 AGN jets
 Binary Population Synthesis
 High-energy astrophysics
 Astrodynamics & astrometry
 Southern Observing Station

Facilities:
 Lijiang 2.4 m telescope
 Fuxian Lake 1 m solar tower
 ynao 1 m telescope
 40 m radio telescope

See also
National Astronomical Observatory of China
List of observatory codes
List of astronomical observatories around the world

External links

Official website
Official English website
Kunming Branch of CAS
SLR Global Performance Report Card

Astronomical observatories in China
Research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Buildings and structures in Kunming
1938 establishments in China


Melody Fair is an album recorded by Lulu in 1970 for a release on Atco Records. She had recorded her first album for Atco, New Routes, in the fall of 1969 under the production auspices of top Atlantic Records execs Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd and Arif Mardin. Although New Routes had been a commercial disappointment, Wexler, Dowd and Mardin had Lulu record tracks for a follow-up album in March 1970 with virtually the same session personnel who had played on New Routes, although the latter album had been recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio and the 1970 sessions were recorded at Criteria Studios in Miami.

The album's advance single "Hum a Song (From Your Heart)", co-credited to the Dixie Flyers and backed by the New Routes track "Where's Eddie", was issued in April 1970 to stall at #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The track also fell short of the UK Top 50 despite a Top of the Pops performance broadcast on 18 June 1970.

Lulu completed recording for her upcoming album in May 1970 and after a further single release: the overlooked "After the Feeling is Gone", that June the Melody Fair album was issued in June 1970 with no significant commercial impact. A further single release, comprising the tracks "Melody Fair" and "To the Other Woman (I'm the Other Woman)", had an overlooked release that September.

Lulu began a third album at Criteria Studios in November 1970, but the project was not completed. Although she would remain contracted to Atco until 1972, she would have no further albums on the label, with only occasional overlooked singles. The material from New Routes and Melody Fair, augmented by her singles-only releases and unissued material, was released in 2007 as Lulu: the Atco Sessions, 1969 - 1972.

Track listing

Side one
"Good Day Sunshine" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney)
"After the Feeling is Gone" (Terry Woodford, George Soulé)
"I Don't Care Anymore" (Jerry Williams, Jr., Gary U.S. Bonds, Maurice Gimbel)
"(Don't Go) Please Stay" (Burt Bacharach, Bob Hilliard)
"Melody Fair" (Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, Robin Gibb)
"Take Good Care of Yourself" (Jim Doris)

Side two
"Vine Street" (Randy Newman)
"Move to My Rhythm" (Fran Robins)
"To the Other Woman (I'm the Other Woman)" (Jerry Williams, Jr., Gary U.S. Bonds)
"Hum a Song (From Your Heart)" (Richard Ross)
"Sweet Memories" (Mickey Newbury)
"Saved" (Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller)

Personnel
Lulu - vocals
The Dixie Flyers
Jim Dickinson - piano, guitar
Charlie Freeman - guitar
Michael Utley - organ
Tommy McClure - bass guitar
Sammy Creason - drums
The Memphis Horns
Jack Hale, Sr. - trombone
Andrew Love, Ed Logan - tenor saxophone
Floyd Newman - baritone saxophone
Additional personnel
Felix Cavaliere - Latin percussion
The Sweet Inspirations, Eddie Brigati, David Brigati, Nancy Kirkpatrick, Chuck Kirkpatrick - backing vocals
Technical staff
Chuck Kirkpatrick, Ron Albert - engineers
Ira Friedlander - album design
Grant Gravitt - photography

1970 albums
Lulu (singer) albums
Albums produced by Jerry Wexler
Albums produced by Tom Dowd
Albums produced by Arif Mardin
Atco Records albums


"Song of the South" is a song written by Bob McDill.  First recorded by American country music artist Bobby Bare on his 1980 album Drunk & Crazy, a version by Johnny Russell reached number 57 on the U.S. Billboard country chart in 1981.  Another cover by Tom T. Hall and Earl Scruggs peaked at number 72 in 1982 from the album Storyteller and the Banjo Man. A cover released in November 1988 by American country music group Alabama, from their album Southern Star, reached number 1 on both the U.S. and Canadian country charts.

Content

The song tells the story of a poor Southern cotton farm-family during the Great Depression. "Cotton on the roadside, cotton in the ditch. We all picked the cotton but we never got rich." "Well, somebody told us Wall Street fell, but we was so poor that we couldn't tell." The song references President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in the line, "The cotton was short and the weeds was tall, but Mr. Roosevelt's gonna save us all."'
The father of the family is a Southern Democrat; "Daddy was a veteran, a Southern Democrat. They oughta get a rich man to vote like that." The family loses the farm after the mother becomes ill. "The county got the farm and they moved to town." In the end, the family ends up living comfortably well, having sought a life in a more urban location; "Well, papa got a job with the TVA, we bought a washing machine, and then a Chevrolet."

Music video

The music video, directed by Steve Boyle, consists mainly of black-and-white photos and footage of the South during the 1930s, as well as footage of members of the band and other actors in the South, which is also in black and white, to give the illusion that it was the 1930s when it was filmed. The content of the video mainly follows the song lyrics, such as the footage of President Roosevelt during the lines in the song where he is referenced, as well as footage of actor Clark Gable when the line 'gone with the wind' is uttered, a reference to the 1939 epic film of the same name, which starred Gable. The video turns to color during the chorus, showing a large crowd fronted by the band members marching down the street of a small town. At the end, the video is also in color and shows Alabama playing at a concert, at the end of which random people come onto the stage - including fellow RCA recording artists Baillie & the Boys and Jo-El Sonnier, as well as the comedians Williams and Ree. The onsite filming was done in Temperance Hall, Tennessee.

Chart history

Johnny Russell

Tom T. Hall/Earl Scruggs

Alabama

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links

1981 singles
1982 singles
1988 singles
Bobby Bare songs
Johnny Russell (singer) songs
Tom T. Hall songs
Earl Scruggs songs
Alabama (American band) songs
Songs written by Bob McDill
Male vocal duets
Song recordings produced by Josh Leo
RCA Records singles
Great Depression songs
1980 songs
Songs about the American South


Bagà is a Spanish municipality located in the comarca of Berguedà, in Catalonia.

Traditionally, Bagà is considered the capital of Alt Berguedà, the mountainous northern half of the comarca.

Location
Bagà is located at the head of the valley of the Llobregat river, at the feet of the high mountains of the Cadí range. The town itself is at 785 metres above sea level.

Bagà is 20 kilometers to the north of Berga, and 7.5 kilometers to the south of the Túnel del Cadí, a tunnel which crosses the Cadí range, connecting with the region of la Cerdanya.

The municipality includes a small exclave to the west.

History
Bagà was founded in the 9th century A.D. when the region of Berguedà was repopulated by Wilfred the Hairy. The noble family of Pinós dominated most of Alt Berguedà throughout most of the Middle Ages and administered its domains from the town of Bagà, giving the town some importance.

The town was redesigned in the 13th century by Galceran IV de Pinós, and is a rare example of medieval city planning. The town grew rapidly and by the beginning of the 14th century a new neighbourhood had to be built outside the town's walls to accommodate its growing population. Bagà was also granted a weekly market (which continues to this day) consolidating its role as a regional capital.

As a curiosity, some medieval documents refer to a “Hugo of Bagà” being the founder of the Knights Templar, though this is uncertain.

Population
The population of Bagà has increased in recent years primarily due to an influx of people from the smaller towns surrounding it.

Economy
The economy of Bagà once centered on the textile industry and mining. These industries provided the basis for the economy in the  18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Since the collapse of these industries, the region’s economy has focused on rural tourism, as well as winter sports tourists filtered from the nearby region of Cerdanya

The Fia-faia
The Fia-faia is a celebration of the winter solstice dating from pre-Christian times which takes place in Bagà every Christmas Eve. A bonfire is set in the mountains to the west of the town, where the sun sets. After dark, inhabitants of the town set faies, or bundles of Cephalaria leucanta alight and carry them from the bonfire to the central square of the town, where they are left on the ground. Children then jump over the fires, singing “Fia-faia, Fia-faia, que nostro senyor ha nascut a la palla”, or ‘Fia-faia, for our Lord is born in the hay’. Afterwards, bread is toasted over the fires and eaten with all i oli or quince paste.

Sites of interest
St. Esteve de Bagà is the parish church of the town, built between the 14th and 15th centuries.
Santuari de la Mare de Déu del Paller is a neoclassical sanctuary two km outside town, dedicated to the town's patroness, the “Virgin of the Haystack”
Plaça Porxada, the town's central square, built in the 13th century

References

External links
 Government data pages

Municipalities in Berguedà
Populated places in Berguedà


The airplane game, also known as the plane game, is a style of pyramid scheme first recorded in the 1980s in North America and later Western Europe.

The common version of the system involved joining an "airplane" by paying a "pilot" to become one of eight "passengers".  Passengers who started at the fourth step paid to join.  Already on the airplane were four "flight attendants" who were a step ahead, and two "co-pilots" next in line behind the pilot.  Once a pilot collected $12,000 from passengers to retire, the group split into two "airplanes", with each co-pilot becoming the pilot of the new airplane, taking half the participants and promoting everyone a level.  Bringing in new passengers sped up everyone's progression towards retiring as a pilot.  However, the structure of the scheme results in a participant losing the entire payment unless 14 new participants join.

The scheme had spread from New York to Texas to California then South Florida by early 1987, with police raiding meetings in all four states, and reports of more airplane schemes operating in Dallas.  In Miami-Dade County, Florida, at least one recruiting session was reported with 1,000 attendees.  Though common versions at the time required passengers to pay $1,500 to receive $12,000 as a pilot, some airplanes were being run with $5,000 passengers and a $40,000 pilot payout.

Other names
The scheme has also gone by the names Concorde and Golden Galaxy with similar names for the steps.  Cash Club, Victoria operated in the same way but with different amounts and the steps renamed to "club member", "committee member", "vice-president", and "president".  "Krona Klub" was a similar scheme with more complex payout rules, as was a so-called game variously called "Cosmic Adventure", "Flying Saucer", or "Flying Starship".

The scheme resurfaced in 2020, conducted over Instagram and other social media platforms, going by a variety of names including Blessing Loom, Loom Game Wheel, , Gift of Legacy, and The Prosperity Grid in South Africa.

In 2022, after receiving several complaints from the public, South Africa's Financial Sector Conduct Authority released an official warning to the public regarding The Prosperity Grid, saying that although it resembled a traditional stokvel savings scheme, they considered its structure to be a pyramid scheme. Because pyramid schemes fall outside of the jurisdiction of the FSCA, the matter has been referred to other relevant regulators and authorities.

References

External links
   Originally written in Spring 1993.

1980s fads and trends
Pyramid and Ponzi schemes
2020s fads and trends


The Victoria Memorial is a large marble building on the Maidan in Central Kolkata, having its entrance on the Queen's Way. It was built between 1906 and 1921 by the Government of India. It is dedicated to the memory of Victoria, Empress of India from 1876 to 1901.
It is the largest monument to a monarch anywhere in the world, it stands in 64 acres of gardens and is now a museum under the control of the Ministry of Culture. Possessing prominent features of the Anglo-Indian architecture of the imperial era, it has evolved into one of the most popular attractions in the city.

History

Following the death of Empress Victoria in January 1901, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, suggested that a fitting memorial to the late Queen-Empress should be created in Calcutta, now called Kolkata, then the capital of India. He proposed the construction of a grand building with a museum and gardens.
Curzon said,

The government officials, princes, politicians, and people of India responded generously to Lord Curzon's appeal for funds, and the total cost of construction of the monument, amounting to one crore, five lakhs of Rupees, was entirely derived from their voluntary subscriptions.

The site chosen was near the present-day Raj Bhavan, known at the time as Government House. The construction of the Victoria Memorial was delayed by Curzon's departure from India in 1905, with a subsequent loss of local enthusiasm for the project. There was also some uncertainty about the strength of the foundations, and tests on them were carried out. On 4 January 1906, the new Prince of Wales laid the foundation stone.

The work of construction was entrusted to Messrs. Martin & Co. of Calcutta, and work on the superstructure began in 1910.

In 1912, before construction was finished, George V, the then Emperor of India, announced the transfer of the capital of India from Calcutta to New Delhi. Thus, the Victoria Memorial came to stand in what would be a major provincial capital, rather than the national capital.

The Victoria Memorial was completed and formally opened to the public in 1921.

After 1947, some additions were made to the Memorial.

A smaller Victoria memorial was also constructed in the Hardoi District, which has since been converted into a city club for recreation. Mahatma Gandhi addressed meetings at Hardoi in the 1930s.

Design and architecture

The architect of the Victoria Memorial was William Emerson (1843–1924). The design is in the Indo-Saracenic revivalist style which uses a mixture of British and Mughal elements with Venetian, Egyptian, Deccani architectural influences. The building is  and rises to a height of . It is constructed of white Makrana marble.
The gardens of the Victoria Memorial were designed by Lord Redesdale and David Prain. Emerson's assistant, Vincent Jerome Esch, designed the bridge of the north aspect and the garden gates. In 1902, Emerson engaged Esch to sketch his original design for the Victoria Memorial.

On top of the central dome of the Memorial is the  figure of the Angel of Victory. Surrounding the dome are allegorical sculptures including Art, Architecture, Justice, and Charity and above the North Porch are Motherhood, Prudence and Learning.

The Victoria Memorial is built of white Makrana marble. In design it echoes the Taj Mahal with its dome, four subsidiaries, octagonal-domed chattris, high portals, terrace, and domed corner towers.

Museum
The Victoria Memorial has 25 galleries. These include the royal gallery, the national leader's gallery, the portrait gallery, central hall, the sculpture gallery, the arms and armory gallery, and the newer, Kolkata gallery. The Victoria Memorial has the largest single collection of the works of Thomas Daniell (1749–1840) and his nephew, William Daniell (1769–1837). It also has a collection of rare and antiquarian books such as the illustrated works of William Shakespeare, the Arabian Nights and the Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam as well as books about kathak dance and thumri music by Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. However, the galleries and their exhibitions, the programmatic elements of the memorial do not compete with the purely architectural spaces or voids.

Victoria Gallery
The Victoria Gallery displays several portraits of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, and paintings illustrating their lives, by Winterhalter, Frank Salisbury, and W. P. Frith. These are copies of works of art in England. They include Victoria receiving the sacrament at her coronation in Westminster Abbey in June 1838; Victoria's wedding to Prince Albert in the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace in 1840; the christening of the Prince of Wales in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, 1842; the wedding of the Prince of Wales to Alexandra of Denmark in 1863; and paintings of Victoria at the service for her Golden Jubilee at Westminster Abbey in 1887 and her Diamond Jubilee service at St Paul's Cathedral in June 1897.
Queen Victoria's childhood rosewood pianoforte and her correspondence desk from Windsor Castle stand in the center of the room, having been presented to the Victoria Memorial by her son Edward VII. On the south wall hangs the oil painting by  Vasily Vereshchagin of the state entry of the Prince of Wales into Jaipur in 1876.

Kolkata gallery
In the mid-1970s, the matter of a new gallery devoted to the visual history of Kolkata was promoted by Saiyid Nurul Hasan, the minister for education. In 1986, Hasan became the governor of West Bengal and chairman of the Victoria Memorial board of trustees. In November 1988, Hasan hosted an international seminar on the Historical perspectives for the Kolkata tercentenary. The Kolkata gallery concept was agreed and a design was developed leading to the opening of the gallery in 1992. The Kolkata gallery houses a visual display of the history and development of Kolkata when the capital of India was transferred to New Delhi. The gallery also has a life-size   diorama of Chitpur road in the late 1800s.

Gardens

The gardens at the Victoria memorial cover  and are maintained by a team of 21 gardeners. They were designed by Redesdale and David Prain. On Esch's bridge, between narrative panels by Goscombe John, there is a bronze statue of Victoria, by George Frampton. Empress Victoria is seated on her throne. In the paved quadrangles and elsewhere around the building, other statues commemorate Hastings, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Robert Clive, Arthur Wellesley, and James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie. To the south of the Victoria, Memorial building is the Edward VII memorial arch. The arch has a bronze equestrian statue of Edward VII by Bertram Mackennal and a marble statue of Curzon by F. W. Pomeroy. The garden also contains statues of Lord William Bentinck, governor-general of India (1833–1835), George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon, governor-general of India (1880–84), and Rajendra Nath Mookerjee, a pioneer industrialist of Bengal.
Following an order of the West Bengal High Court in 2004, an entry fee was imposed for the gardens, a decision welcomed by the general public except for few voices of dissent.

Gallery

References

External links

"360 degree spherical panoramas of Victoria Memorial." India Tourism.

1921 establishments in India
Art museums and galleries in Kolkata
Buildings and structures completed in 1921
City museums
Gardens in India
20th century in Kolkata
Marble buildings
Monuments and memorials to Queen Victoria
Monuments and memorials in Kolkata
Museums established in 1921
Museums in Kolkata
Tourist attractions in Kolkata
Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture
National museums of India
20th-century architecture in India


Côte-Saint-Paul is a neighbourhood located in the Southwest Borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

History

The concession of côte Saint-Paul was granted by the Sulpician Order, seigneurs of the Island of Montreal, in 1662. It extended northward from the current site past the current location of the Lachine Canal to Lac à la Loutre, which was then located at the foot of the Falaise Saint-Jacques, where the Turcot yards are today. The area was essentially agricultural, and remained so until the Lachine Canal bisected the area in 1825; Lac à la Loutre was dried out. Chemin de la Rivière-Saint-Pierre (now avenue de l'Église) was built to join Chemin de la Côte-des-Argoulets (Boulevard LaSalle) with the Chemin de la Côte-Saint-Paul (Rue Saint-Patrick).

With the canal providing water power for factories, workers started to move in nearby, forming the nucleus of the community in the triangle bounded by the Lachine Canal, Rue Angers, and Avenue de l'Église. The village of Côte-Saint-Paul was founded in 1874. The first Église Saint-Paul was built in 1875, and a town hall and railway station soon followed. The western part of the village separated in 1878, forming the Parish Municipality of Côte-Saint-Paul, later Ville-Émard. The balance of the village of Côte-Saint-Paul became a town in 1894 and was renamed Saint-Paul in 1897.

Clockwise from the north, the town of Saint-Paul was bounded by the Lachine Canal, the Grand Trunk Railway, the north bank of the Aqueduct Canal, the property line behind the lots on the west side of Frontenac Street (now Rue Leprohon), a property line just north of Rielle Street (now Rue Laurendeau), First Avenue (now Rue le Caron), and St. Louis Street (now Rue Briand).

In 1910, Saint-Paul merged into the city of Montreal at the same time as neighbouring Ville-Émard. Industrial development continued and the remaining agricultural lands were converted to housing. However, like the rest of the Lachine Canal area, the neighbourhood went into decline with the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway. The construction of the Décarie Expressway and the Turcot Interchange in 1964 tore through the heart of old Saint-Paul, though it spared the institutional buildings along Avenue de l'Église. In 1978, the Montreal Metro reached Côte-Saint-Paul with the construction of Jolicoeur metro station.

In 2002, the area became part of the borough of Le Sud-Ouest. Today, the western limit of the neighbourhood Côte-Saint-Paul is not precisely defined, but it is somewhat expanded to the west of the official limit in its days as an independent town, with the building-up of the agricultural land since then and the destruction of the town's centre.

Geography
The neighbourhood is bordered to the south by Desmarchais Boulevard, to the west by Monk Boulevard, to east by the aqueduct, and to the north by the Lachine Canal and the railroad track bordering Pointe-Saint-Charles. Côte-Saint-Paul can be accessed by the De La Vérendrye exit on Quebec Autoroute 15.

Infrastructure
The neighbourhood is served by the Jolicoeur Montreal Metro station. It is crossed and bordered by the Lachine Canal and the Aqueduct Canal.

Parc de La Vérendrye and Parc Saint-Paul offer recreation, and the Aqueduc and Lachine Canal bicycle paths are linked by a path through the Côte Saint-Paul industrial area east of the Décarie Expressway.

References

Neighbourhoods in Montreal
Le Sud-Ouest
Heritage sites in Quebec (Cultural Heritage Act)