Guyandotte is a historic neighborhood in the city of Huntington, West Virginia, that previously existed as a separate town before annexation was completed by the latter. The neighborhood is home to many historic properties, and was first settled by natives of France at the end of the eighteenth century.  Guyandotte was already a thriving town when the state of West Virginia was formed from part of Virginia.  Located at the confluence of the Guyandotte River and the Ohio River, it was already a regional trade center with several industries of its own when the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) reached its western terminus nearby just across the Guyandotte River in 1873. This event was soon followed by the formation and quick development of the present city of Huntington which was named in honor of the C&O Railway's founder and then principal owner Collis P. Huntington.

History

First settled in 1799, Guyandotte was established on a tract of land belonging to the Savage Grant, a  parcel of land in western Virginia granted to veterans of the French and Indian War. These veterans served under Captain John Savage.  The original grant extended from the present site of Milton, West Virginia in the east, to the Kentucky side of the Big Sandy River, then part of Virginia, in the west.  Nearly all of present-day Huntington is situated on land that was part of the Savage Grant.

Before it was annexed by Huntington, Guyandotte was an old Federal Era town and has homes dating back to 1820.  A graveyard containing 18th-century French and Colonial-era settlers with surnames such as LeTulle, Holderby, and Buffington, continues to exist in the neighborhood. Huntington was known as Holderby's Landing prior to 1871, and members of the Buffington family held tracts of land that later became the Huntington Land Company. The Buffingtons were the only revolutionary-era Savage Grant claimants to continuously reside within the area, and later generations of Buffingtons were associated with Marshall College (now  Marshall University) and were business partners of Collis P. Huntington. The Confederate Army general Albert Gallatin Jenkins' plantation home, Green Bottom, is located in nearby Lesage. Green Bottom was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

At the time of Huntington's founding, Holderby's Landing was already the home of Marshall College, a normal school that had been founded in 1837 as Marshall Academy. Originally, Marshall Academy was essentially a boarding school, under control by the Southern Methodist Episcopal Church, and intended to serve high school students from wealthy families. In 1857, the school became Marshall College, which in turn became a public institution in 1867. The college later became Marshall University in 1961 and now occupies a large portion of the city to the immediate east of the downtown CBD.

Historic buildings at Guyandotte include the Madie Carroll House and the Zachary Taylor Wellington House, both listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

External links
 http://www.wvculture.org/history/thisdayinwvhistory/0105.html

Pre-statehood history of West Virginia
Huntington, West Virginia


Andrea Elisabeth Maria Jürgens (15 May 1967 – 20 July 2017) was a German schlager singer. She became famous as a child star in the late 1970s when she had her first hit with "Und dabei liebe ich euch beide" (And Yet I Love You Both) at age 10. She had been active in the music business ever since with more than 60 single releases.

Career

Early years
Andrea Jürgens was the daughter of Margret and Heinz Jürgens, and was born in Wanne-Eickel, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany. She performed her debut hit "Und dabei liebe ich euch beide" (And Yet I Love You Both) in her very first television appearance which took place in the ARD-Silvestergala on New Year's Eve of 1977/1978. The song was written by Jack White and Jon Athan. Its lyrics address the post-divorce situation from a child's perspective. Further appearances on various television and radio shows followed. In the March 1978 Andrea Jürgens was the viewers'-choice winner on ZDF-Hitparade, a television show conducted by Dieter Thomas Heck.

In the fall of 1978 the follow-ups to the debut hit were released. "Ich zeige Dir mein Paradies" (I'll Show You My Paradise) and "Tina ist weg" (Tina's missing), together with her success in the so-called hit parades concluded Andrea Jürgens' position as the first big child star in Germany since Heintje. In 1979 she gained further success with "Ein Herz für Kinder" (A Heart For Children) and "Eine Rose für dich" (A Rose For You).

In October 1979 the Christmas album Weihnachten mit Andrea Jürgens was published. Its sales exceeded 1,5 million copies in just three months. Consequently, the album achieved multiple gold records and double platinum. The album included the single "Aba Heidschi Bumbeidschi", a traditional lullaby.

1980s
Jürgens' commercial success continued in a smaller scale in the early 1980s. The folk music album Andrea Jürgens singt die schönsten deutschen Volkslieder was released in 1981. Her next single hits were "Mama Lorraine" (1981), "Japanese Boy" (1981), and "Playa Blanca" (1984). Like "Manuel Goodbye" (1983), "Playa Blanca" was originally sung in English by Audrey Landers. Jack White produced the German versions for Andrea Jürgens.

The albums Solang’ ein Mädchen träumen kann (As Long as a Girl Can Dream) (1982) and Weil wir uns lieben (Because We Love Each Other) (1984) were not chart busters like their predecessors. In the latter half of the decade, no new studio albums were released. However, she released some singles (e.g. "Ciao ciao amore") and a "Best Of" compilation which was published in 1987.

1990s and afterwards
Jürgens' next studio albums, Küsse der Nacht (Kisses of the Night) and Liebe (Love), were released in the early 1990s. The album Ich krieg' nie genug von dir (I Never Get Enough of You) was released in 1993. Once again, it included a song originally interpreted by Audrey Landers, namely "Guten Morgen Sonnenschein" (Good Morning Sunshine). In 1996 Jürgens recorded the single "Wir greifen nach den Sternen" (We Reach For the Stars) together with the Nockalm Quintett. The song was included in the album Wenn ich glücklich bin (1996), the opening track of which is the German cover version of Madonna's hit "You'll See", "Du wirst sehen".

In 2002, Jürgens celebrated her 25-year singing career. The anniversary was celebrated by publishing the jubilee album Dankeschön zum 25jährigen Bühnenjubiläum. In the new century she changed her record company from BMG to KOCH. Lust aufs Leben (Love of Life) (2005) was her first studio album under the new label. Jack White and Peter Wagner had been the producers of Jürgens' albums during her BMG-years, Mr White often mentioned as the executive producer on the album cover. In KOCH her producer has been Alfons Weindorf.

Her early albums were published in a non-plastic CD-box in 2006 by White Records. The albums are: Ich zeige dir mein Paradies (I'll Show You My Paradise), Eine Rose schenk ich dir...und dieses Lied (I Give You a Rose ... and This Song), Irgendwann wird jedes Mädchen mal 17 (Every Girl Turns 17 Sometime), Mama Lorraine and Solang’ ein Mädchen träumen kann (As Long as a Girl Can Dream), each with original cover artwork.

Her new album Millionen von Sternen was released in March 2016, including the singles Millionen von Sternen, Das reicht für mehr als eine Nacht and Déjà vu.

She died of kidney failure on 20 July 2017, aged 50.

Lyrics
The lyrics of Jürgens' songs are mainly about typical schlager themes, like friendship and love. The divorce theme in her very first hit "Und dabei liebe ich euch beide" (1977) was a major exception. In the German schlager scene divorce was a taboo subject until the 1970s; lyrics were mainly about harmonious relationships. During the decade, divorce reforms and public discussion of the reasons and consequences of divorce changed all this.

Awards
Jürgens was awarded various national music prizes. She achieved many silver, gold and platinum records for her singles and albums. The album Weihnachten mit Andrea Jürgens (Christmas with Andrea Jürgens) has achieved multiple gold and platinum. It has been commercially available throughout the year since its first publication. In 1982 and 1983, Jürgens was granted the Goldene Stimmgabel (Golden Tuning Fork).

Discography

Albums
 Ich zeige dir mein Paradies (1978) (D #41)
 Eine Rose schenk ich dir (1979)
 Weihnachten mit Andrea Jürgens - Meine 20 schönsten Weihnachtslieder (1979) (D #1, A #19)
 Irgendwann wird jedes Mädchen mal 17 (1980)
 Andrea Jürgens singt die schönsten deutschen Volkslieder (1981) (D #18)
 Mama Lorraine (1981)
 Solang' ein Mädchen träumen kann (1982)
 Weil wir uns lieben (1984)
 Küsse der Nacht (1990)
 Liebe (1992)
 Ich krieg nie genug von dir (1993)
 Wir tanzen Lambada (1994)
 Wenn ich glücklich bin (1996)
 Komm in meine Träume (2000)
 Andrea Jürgens singt die schönsten deutschen Weihnachtslieder - neu produziert (2001)
 Dankeschön zum 25jährigen Bühnenjubiläum (2002)
 Lust aufs Leben (2005) (D # 97)
 Stille Nacht heilige Nacht (2005)
 Verbotene Träume (2008)
 Du hast mir total gefehlt - 16 große Single-Hits (2008)
 Ich hab nur ein Herz (2010)
 Millionen von Sternen (2016) (D #10, A #15, CH #52)
 Auf Du und Du (2018) (D #6, A #21, CH #41)

Compilations
 10 Jahre Andrea Jürgens - Die großen Erfolge (1987)
 Amore, Amore - Ihre schönsten Lovesongs (1991)
 Die Grossen Erfolge - Stargala (1996)
 Momente - Die Grössten Erfolge aus 20 Jahren (1997)
 Nur das Beste - Die Grossen Erfolge 1983–2000 (2000)
 Best of (2005)
 Die frühen Erfolge - 5 er CD Box - die ersten 5 Alben erstmals auf CD (2006)
 Das Allerbeste (2008)
 Sonderedition Vol. 1 (2012)
 Wunschkonzert (2013)
 Das Beste (2014) (D #18; A #57)
 Das Beste - DVD (2014) (A #4)
 40 Jahre - Die Andrea Jürgens Collection (2017) (D #57)
 Das Beste – Ein Kinderstar wird 50 (2017) (D #75)
 Das Beste – Die Jubiläumsausgabe (2017) (D #31)
 Das Beste – Gedenk-Edition (2017) (D #87)
 Danke, Andrea! (2017) (D #80)

Literature
Dieter Moll: Die deutschen Schlager der 70er Jahre. Heel AG, Schindellegi (Schweiz) 1996;

References

External links
Official Website
Portrait on BMG Music

1967 births
2017 deaths
People from Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia
German child singers
German women singers
Schlager musicians
Deaths from kidney failure


{{Infobox building
|name               = The Shang Grand Tower
|image              =
|image_size         =
|caption            =
|location           = Perea Street corner Dela Rosa Street, Legaspi Village, Makati, Philippines
|coordinates        =
|building_type      = Residential
|status             = Complete
|architectural_style= Post Modernist-Art-Deco architecture
|start_date         = 2003
|completion_date    = November 2005
|opening            = March 8, 2006
|antenna_spire      =
|roof               =
|top_floor          =
|floor_count        = 46 aboveground, 4 belowground
|elevator_count     = 7
|cost               = Php 2,000,000,000
|floor_area         =
|architect          = Palmer & Turner (P & T) Architects and Engineers Ltd.; Recio + Casas Architects
|structural_engineer= Ove Arup Philippines
|main_contractor    = D.M. Consunji, Inc.
|developer          = EDSA Property Holdings, Inc.
|owner              = The Shang Grand Tower Condominium Corporation
|management         = The Shang Grand Tower Condominium Corporation
|references         = <ref name=SGTfaq>The Shang Grand Tower website [http://www.theshanggrandtower.com/interface_fr.htm The Shang Grand Tower official website]</ref>D.M. Consunji, Inc. Shang Grand Tower
}}

The Shang Grand Tower, also known as simply the Shang Tower, is a high-end residential condominium  skyscraper located in Makati, Philippines. It was developed by Shang Properties, Inc. The 46-storey building was opened in 2006 and rises to 180 metres (630 feet) from the ground to its architectural top. It is currently the 10th-tallest complete'' building in Makati, and is the 19th-tallest building in the country and Metro Manila as well. The 250-unit condominium was the first self-funded residential condominium of Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts’ Kuok Group in the country, and all units were sold-out as of 2006.

Construction and design
The Shang Grand Tower was designed by international architectural firm Palmer & Turner (P & T) Architects and Engineers Ltd., in cooperation with local architectural firm Recio + Casas Architects; while the structural design was provided by engineering company Ove Arup Philippines, the local branch of international engineering firm Arup. Project and construction management works were provided by Jose Aliling & Associates, and the general contractor was D.M. Consunji, Inc.

International landscape consultants Belt Collins were responsible for its outdoor panoramic designs, while “designers to the hotel and resort industry,” Hospitality and Leisure Asia set the tone for its general interiors.

The Shang Grand Tower construction began in September 2003, a period in which the Philippines was recovering from the effects of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Structural work was done at a rate of 1 floor per week, and was topped-off in March 2005. The building was formally completed in November 2005, and was formally opened to the public on March 8, 2006

Design

The building stands on a nearly 2,900 sq.m. of land, and roughly 71,000 sq.m. of floor space takes the shape of the letter “Z” with a straight line in the middle. This enables unit owners at the extreme ends of “Z” to have three views of the outside.

The exterior has a post-modern with traditional art deco design with verdant tinted glass.  The entrance lobbies have marble and granite finishes, and are divided into low zone (from 6th to 26th floor) and high zone (from 27th floor up to the penthouse). Each zone consists of three passenger lifts and one common service lift.

Residential units have floors in “engineered wood” Pergo flooring; tiles from Hong Kong; imported granite kitchen countertop; main doors in solid wood and veneered on the surface; picture windows in blue-green tempered glass in powder-coated aluminum frames; underground and overhead water tanks, a standby generator to supply 75 percent of the building's power needst. Main doors have one side that have a narrow extra door which opens to allow entry or exit of big items for the homes.

The building is purely residential in nature, with no commercial or office space, no bridgeways or walkways to connect it to any commercial and office establishment.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila

References

External links
The Shang Grand Tower official website
The Shang Grand Tower at Emporis
The Shang Grand Tower at Skyscraperpage

Skyscrapers in Makati
Residential skyscrapers in Metro Manila
Residential buildings completed in 2005


The Sycuan Institute on Tribal Gaming at the San Diego State University College of Professional Studies & Fine Arts is focused on research, policy and education around tribal gaming management within the broader industry of hospitality and tourism management.

Endowment and administration
The Institute is managed and operated by the interdisciplinary Hospitality and Tourism Management Program at SDSU and supported by an endowment from the tribal council of the Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation. The endowment was established in 2005 with a $5 million gift from the Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation, and continual payments of $474,000 on a yearly basis.

In 2019, the Institute announced a partnership with the National Indian Gaming Commission to enhance and expand data collection and research.

Academic curriculum
Under the terms of the endowment, the Institute has created an academic curriculum leading to a B.S. in Hospitality and Tourism Management with an emphasis in Tribal Casino Operations Management. The courses include casino operations, casino marketing and public relations, legal and regulatory issues and an introduction to tribal gaming's social, political and cultural context, along with elective courses on responsible gaming.

Research center
The Research Center funds, produces and disseminates unbiased research on tribal government gaming issues.

See also
 Mission Indians
 National Indian Gaming Commission

References

External links

Kumeyaay
San Diego State University
Native American topics
Native American studies
Hospitality schools in the United States
Ethnic studies organizations
Native American casinos
Native American history of California


The A22 () is the principal motorway (freeway) in the Algarve, Portugal. Named after Henry the Navigator, it connects Lagos to Castro Marim and connects to the A-49 Motorway (Spain) on the Guadiana International Bridge over the Guadiana River. It is also part of European route E01.

The A22 is operated by Euroscut Algarve.

Construction on A22 began in 1991 and was completed in 2003.  It extends 133 km. As of 2011 it has become a toll road.

References

Motorways in Portugal
2003 establishments in Portugal


Glåmdalen is a local newspaper published in Kongsvinger, Norway. It is named after the district Glåmdalen, and covers southern Hedmark with offices in Solør, Skarnes and Nes, Akershus.

History and profile
The newspaper was established in 1926 as Kongsvinger Arbeiderblad, and had a connection to the Norwegian Labour Party. It changed its name in 1943, and later became non-partisan. Glåmdalen changed to tabloid format in 1997 and launched its Internet site in 2000.

Glåmdalen is published by the company Glåmdalen AS, which is owned 100% by Amedia. In 2011, the paper won the World Young Reader Prize of WAN/IFRA in the Public Service category.

In a study dated 2016 Glåmdalen was found to contain the epithet Negro (Norwegian: neger) at the lowest frequency in the period between 1970 and 2014 with 14 references.

Glåmdalen had a circulation of 18,531 in 2010. The 2013 circulation of the paper was 16,523 copies. Next year it sold 15,4244 copies.

References

External links

Further reading

1926 establishments in Norway
Daily newspapers published in Norway
Labour Party (Norway) newspapers
Mass media in Kongsvinger
Norwegian-language newspapers
Newspapers established in 1926


Déjà Vu is a 1990 Soviet-Polish comedy thriller that takes place in Soviet Odesa in 1925 and spoofs a variety of gangster films.

Plot
The plot takes place in 1925. One of Chicago mobsters Mik Nich (born as Mikita Nichiporuk) flees to Soviet Odesa to escape the revenge of other mobsters. Mob leaders send the best hit-man Johnny Polak to Odesa. The killer disguises himself as an American entomology professor who wants to visit the grave of his father in Odesa.

In search of his victim, Polak gets into the most unbelievable situations arising from the peculiarities of the city of Odesa, as well as from mad historical era. Being the first passenger of the ship voyage New York City-Odesa, he is assigned to be accompanied by the Komsomol guide Glushko and is besieged by pioneers and journalists. Jumping from the train and hitting his head, Polak forgets what he is actually doing there (retrograde amnesia) and tries to live up to his cover as an honest professor. Nichiporuk, in turn, learns about the arrival of the killer and is trying to kill him. Polak experiences several periods of regain and loss of memory (a periodical Déjà vu) while trying to track down Nichiporuk. Finally, Nichiporuk is arrested by Soviet authorities on an unrelated charge and sent to jail. Polak, having lost the rest of his sanity, ends up in a mental hospital.

Cultural references
At one point, as Polak chases Nichiporuk through the city, both accidentally take part in the filming of the famous Odesa Steps sequence from Battleship Potemkin.

Cast
Jerzy Stuhr as Johnny Polak
Galina Petrova as Klara Glushko
Nikolai Karachentsov as Mishka Yaponchik (Mike the Little Jap)
Vladimir Golovin as Mick Nich (Michail Nichiporuk)
Liza Machulska
Viktor Stepanov
Oleg Shklovsky as George (Sr. Lt. Perepletchikov)
Vasili Mishchenko as Kostya
Vladimir Belousov
Vsevolod Safonov
Gennadi Vengerov as Sanitar Petrovich
Vitali Shapovalov
Wojciech Wysocki
Armen Khostikyan
Murad Janibekyan

See also
Red Heat

References

External links

1990 films
1990s comedy thriller films
Soviet comedy thriller films
Russian comedy thriller films
1990s Russian-language films
Films directed by Juliusz Machulski
Films set in 1925
Films set in Odesa
Films set in the Soviet Union
Films shot in Odesa
Polish comedy thriller films
Foreign films set in the United States


Kofi Mensah (born March 8, 1978, in Koforidua, Ghana) is a former Dutch-Ghanaian footballer.

Career
Mensah began his career in 1996 at AFC Ajax. After three years with the club, he moved to NAC Breda. In June 2003, he moved again to ADO Den Haag. Mensah played for Anorthosis Famagusta FC in the 2004–05, but decided to leave after he had not received two months of salary. He then tried to get a contract at FC Emmen, Helmond Sport and SC Cambuur, but in vain. In February 2006, he moved to FC Omniworld until the end of the season.

International
He has played for Dutch youth selections.

Career

External links
Kofi Mensah vertelt over sportvissen, Amsjes en Almere City, vicesports.nl, 4 May 2018
Kofi Mensah Netherlands -19, onsoranje.nl

References

1978 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Ghanaian men's footballers
Netherlands men's under-21 international footballers
AFC Ajax players
NAC Breda players
ADO Den Haag players
Anorthosis Famagusta FC players
Almere City FC players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Cypriot First Division players
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Ghanaian emigrants to the Netherlands
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Men's association football defenders
People from Koforidua


Guan ju (: "Guan guan cry the ospreys", often mistakenly written with the unrelated but similar-looking character 睢, suī) is the first poem from the ancient anthology Shi Jing (Classic of Poetry), and is one of the best known poems in Chinese literature. It has been dated to the seventh century BC, making it also one of China's oldest poems, though not the oldest in the Shi Jing. The title of the poem comes from its first line (Guan guan ju jiu), which evokes a scene of ospreys calling on a river islet. Fundamentally the poem is about finding a good and fair maiden as a match for a young noble.

Guan ju boasts a long tradition of commentaries. Traditional Chinese commentators, represented by the "Three Schools" and the Mao School, hold that the poem contains a moral pertinent to the relationship between genders. However, modern commentators, and some Western sinologists, offer different interpretations.

The poem has been culturally important since antiquity. According to the Analects, Confucius remarked that it displayed both joy and sorrow but neither to an excessive degree.  The poem has subsequently been alluded to repeatedly in Chinese literature and continues to be quoted on occasion in the modern written language and in speech.  In particular, the lines  "fair and good lady",  "seeking and not getting", and  "seeking day and night" have become well-known four-character classical idioms or set phrases (chengyu).

Synopsis and structure

"Guan ju" is part of the first section of the Shi Jing entitled "Zhou nan" (周南), itself a part of "Airs of the States" (國風), which make up 160 out of the 305 poems of the anthology. It is fairly typical of the other poems of the Airs of the States, being made up of three tetrasyllabic stanzas of four to eight lines each.

Each stanza begins with a natural image, which is juxtaposed without comment to the human situation around which the poem centres. The first stanza begins with the onomatopoeic cry of ospreys:
     "Guan guan" cry the ospreys
     On the islet in the river.
The stanza then rehearses formulaic lines, drawn from the human context:
     The beautiful and good young lady
     Is a fine mate for the noble.

The entire poem consists of a series of isolated episodes which can be linked into a continuous narrative. It alternates between natural images and human situations, two literally unrelated frames of reference. One set of formulaic lines refers to a male-female relationship:
     The beautiful and good young lady
     Is a fine mate for the lord. (3-4)
     ...
     The beautiful and good young lady
     Waking and sleeping he wished for her. (7-8)
     ...
     The beautiful and good young lady
     Zithers and lutes greet her as friend. (15-16)
     ...
     The beautiful and good young lady
     Bells and drums delight her. (19-20)

Lines 9-12 intrude upon the formulaic scheme, making the poem asymmetrical:
     He wished for her without getting her.
     Waking and sleeping he thought of her:
     Longingly, longlingly,
     He tossed and turned from side to side.

The human elements of the poem (lines 3-4, 7-12, 15-16, 19-20) can read as either a first or third person narrative. If such a reading is taken, the poem begins with a statement of the male persona's longing for an ideal beloved in the first stanza, depicts the withholding of fulfillment in the second, and concludes with an eventual realisation of these desires in the third stanza.

The other set of formulaic lines describe, in vividly physical and tangible action, the rustic world of harvesting plants, incrementally varying the key verb of physical activity:
     Varied in length are the water plants;
     Left and right we catch them. (5-6)
     ...
     Varied in length are the water plants;
     Left and right we gather them. (13-14)
     ...
     Varied in length are the water plants;
     Left and right we cull them as vegetable. (17-18)

This usage of natural images in juxtaposition to human situations was given the term xing (興) by early commentators, and was regarded as one of the three rhetorical devices of the Shi Jing. It is not easy to find an equivalent in Western literature, but xing can be explained as a method of creating the mood, atmosphere or context within which the remainder of the poem takes place, and which exerts influence over the possible meanings of the rest of the poem’s action. It has variously been translated as "stimulus", "stimulates", and "motif". Although there is no historical evidence to prove that the composer of "Guan ju" were intentionally employing such a rhetorical device, there have been a myriad of interpretations as to the purpose of the xing.

Traditional interpretations

The earliest known commentary on "Guan ju" is contained in the Analects, and is attributed to Confucius. Confucius praises "Guan ju" for its moderated emotions: "The Master said, "In the "Guan ju" there is joy without wantonness and sorrow without self-injury." Brooks and Brooks date this portion of the Analects to 342 BCE, and this may have been when "Guan ju" first came to prominence. The Confucians were responsible for the tendency of much orthodox criticism to regard not only the Shi Jing but all literature in general as morally edifying or didactic in some way. One legend held that Confucius himself had selected the songs in the Shi Jing from an original pool of three thousand based on their moral import.

From early on the poems of the Shi Jing were used for their moral communicative value. There were, however, striking disagreements among early scholars as to how to interpret "Guan ju". In pre-Qin times, at three textual traditions - the "Three Schools of the Poems" (詩三家) of Lu, Qi, and Han - existed. These interpretations of "Guan ju" were eventually superseded by the Han Dynasty Mao commentarial tradition, which is the only tradition that has survived into the modern era in its entirety.

The Lu school reading

The first exegetical tradition saw "Guan ju" as a poem of political criticism. Although the Guan ju itself offers no hint of a satirical intent, commentators from the Lu school explain that the poem criticises the improper behaviour of King Kang of Zhou and his wife (eleventh century BCE) by presenting contrasting, positive images of male-female decorum. The Lu school held that King Kang had committed an egregious violation of ritual by being late for court one morning. The earliest references to it are in Liu Xiang's Lienü zhuan (16 BCE) and Wang Chong's Lun heng. However, the nature of Kang's offence is best preserved in a memorial by Yang Ci in Yuan Hong's Hou Han ji:

The Lu school reading evolved further towards the end of the Han dynasty. Zhang Chao, in his "Qiao 'Qingyi fu'" names the minister alluded to in Lun heng, as the Duke of Bi (畢公). According to Zhang Chao's version of the Lu tradition, the Duke of Bi's purpose was "to prevent degeneracy and reproach its progress, / Tactfully criticised and admonished the lord, his father." In other words, "Guan ju" could be read as both a poem of praise, extolling the excellent match of the beautiful and good young lady and the lord, and as a poem of criticism, intended to cause the listener, King Kang, to reflect on his and his consort's shortcomings.

Brief references to the dating of the poem to King Kang's reign appear in Shi Ji China's first universal history. The historian Sima Qian wrote, "Alas! When the house of Zhou was in decline, the "Guan ju" was composed." However, as Wang Chong and modern scholars have pointed out, this appears to conflict with Sima's own account of King Kang's reign, which records no deficiencies or evidence of decline.

The Lu school interpretation was probably the dominant one during the Han Dynasty. It persisted well into the fifth century, even appearing in Fan Ye's Hou Han Shu (completed before CE 445), but was eventually eclipsed by the Mao school.

The Mao school reading

The second interpretive tradition, and the one which became dominant, chose to read "Guan ju" as a poem of praise, and specifically of the queen of the founder of the Zhou dynasty, King Wen. This reading is called the Mao school, after Mao Heng and Mao Chang, early annotators to the Shi Jing. Their notes to the Shi Jing, along with those of later scholars who agreed with them, were edited by Kong Yingda and published in the seventh century as Mao shi zheng yi (毛詩正義). The Mao School explains the poem as a purposeful analogy, and identifies the young lady as King Wen's queen Tai Si. It reads the images of picking water grasses as literal descriptions of the queen's activities in preparation for ritual sacrifices. The preface to the poem, attributed to Wei Hong and generally including along with the Mao text, explains the meaning of "Guan ju":

The prefaces to the remaining ten poems in the "Zhou nan", the first section of the Shi Jing, all describe the songs as referring to one or another aspect of the queen's virtuous influence.

One century after the Maos, Zheng Xuan introduced an interesting twist to the Mao interpretation. In his eyes the "pure young lady" refers not to the queen herself, but rather to palace ladies whom their mistress, in her virtuous and jealousy-free seclusion, is seeking as additional mates for the king. Thus it is she who tosses and turns until finding them.

The influential Song Dynasty Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi largely agreed with the Mao school, but added a remark that the poem was composed not by some unknown poet but by the ladies of the royal palace. He also differs with the Mao school by reading the scenes depicting the picking of water grasses not as literal, but as juxtaposed, analogical images like the opening couplet.

Other readings

Not all traditional readings considered that "Guan ju" contained political and allegorical references. The excavation in 1973 of the text known as Wuxingpian (五行篇) at the Mawangdui revealed a style of Confucian thinking which focused more on the moral and emotional messages evoked by the everyday human situations found in the lyrics. The Wuxingpian explains "Guan ju" as a poem about sexual desire, more specifically, the inherent human moral urge to regulate one's sexual desire to accord with the mores of one's community. The approach is equally concerned with the business of moral didacticism, but directed to inherent personal morality, rather than the learned morality of blameless or reprehensible political figures, as in the Mao commentary.

Song period scholar Zheng Qiao (鄭樵) radically challenges traditional exegesis. He thinks that the poem is just an archaic folksong. He also objects to the identification of jujiu 雎鳩 with the ospreys, who cannot make the sounds "guan-guan", so he proposes that the jujiu 雎鳩 be identified as the mallard ducks instead.

Modern interpretations
In the second half of the nineteenth century, Western sinologists and literary scholars began to study the Shi Jing. While some of the first, including the Jesuit Seraphin Couvreur, the first translator of the text into French, persisted with readings based on the Mao school’s interpretation, the majority of Western scholarship has sought novel hermeneutic approaches.

James Legge, who published one of the poem's early English translations in 1871, rejected the explanatory prefaces to the poems in the Mao text, "to follow which would reduce many of them to absurd enigmas".

The late twentieth century scholar Qu Wanli (屈萬里) takes "Guan ju" as expressing the emotional anxiety and excitement of a man about to be married, whose wife is greeted at the end of the poem with the ceremonial rites of the wedding as signified by the musical instruments.

The French translator Marcel Granet saw "Guan ju", among with the other "Airs of the States", as lyrics accompanying physical festivities. In his 1911 study Fêtes et Chansons anciennes de la Chine, Granet declared that he excluded "all interpretations which are symbolic or which imply subtlety in the poet." Granet reads the poem as a record of a rural festival involving boys and girls beginning to court each other. The opening image of birds calling to each other is taken by Granet as a metaphor for the young couples, hiding away to seduce each other in private. The final sections of the poem, describing musical instruments are, in Granet’s schema, elements of a feast at the end of the festival - a ceremonial conclusion to the rural gathering.

Arthur Waley agreed with Granet that traditional readings distort the "true nature" of the poems, but he did point out that it was facilitated by the multivalent meanings of words and social practices. For Waley, the Shi Jing was a diverse collection which does not necessarily display a unified function, and, as such, cannot be approached merely with one reading strategy.

C. H. Wang has been vehemently critical of what he calls "a manifest distortion of this classic anthology" and argues that the earliest definition of poetry in Chinese tradition (in Shang Shu) links it with song rather than ethics. He considers that the Shi Jing poems have their roots in oral transmission rather than literary composition, and directed contested the claims of the Mao school that the poems are the product of specific authors referring to specific events in their lives.

Pauline Yu rejects the notion that there is any form of allegory in "Guan ju".

However, not all Western sinologists agree. Edward L. Shaughnessy argues that "Guan ju" is an example of "correlative thought" in traditional Chinese thinking:

Legacy

"Guan ju" has been the subject of countless allusions over the centuries. Cai Yong (died 192) is one of the earliest to do in his "Qingyi fu" (青衣賦), a poem celebrating the illicit love between a maid and the poem's male persona: "With the purity of "The Calling Ospreys" / She does not act perverse or contrary".

"Guan ju" remains a popular subject of study for sinologists and graduate students in Chinese studies.

See also
Classic of Poetry
Confucius
Zhou Dynasty
Spring and Autumn period

References

Further reading
Bernard Karlgren, Glosses on the Book of Odes (Stockholm: Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1964).
Ha Poong Kim, Joy and Sorrow: Songs of Ancient China: A New Translation of Shi Jing Guo Feng (Brighton, Chicago, Toronto: Sussex Academic, 2016).

Chinese poems


Tak Chun "Paul" Poon (traditional Chinese: 潘德俊) is a racing driver from Hong Kong, China. He is the current Hong Kong Touring Car Championship champion. He drives a Honda Civic EP3 for China Dragon Racing.

Career
Paul Poon is also the winner of the two previous editions of the CTM Cup (also known as Macau Cup) in 2006 and 2007, a race organized for the leading Asian touring car drivers.

In 2003, Paul Poon entered the international Macau Guia race for Super Production cars, using a car built by Mardi Gras Motorsport in the United Kingdom, as the Hong Kong Touring Car Championship winner. He finished 7th, the highest finishing position for a Hong Kong driver in that race.

In 2004, Paul Poon entered the Macau Guia race again. He did not finish in either Race 1 or 2.

For 2005, Paul Poon hired a BMW 320i to take part in the World Touring Car Championship finale in Macau, but he failed to qualify for the race.

In both 2006 and 2007, Paul went back to race in the Super Production class. He won the CTM Macau Cup with China Dragon Racing both times. In 2006 he won the race by just 0.003 second from arch rival Kenneth Look. In 2007 he just managed to fend off the charging Masaki Kano's BMW 320i, winning by 0.198 second.

In 2008, Paul attempted to complete a hat-trick of CTM Macau Cup victories, after winning the Hong Kong Touring Car Championship again. But he failed to win.

In 2012, Paul Poon led a China Dragon Racing 1-2 in qualifying for the CTM Macau Touring Car Cup, leading team-mate and 2011 race winner Samson Fung in the qualifying session. He then won the 2012 CTM Macau Touring Car Cup race, fighting off the advances of Team Pro Spec driver Andy Yan.

Asian GT Masters and Macau GT Cup

In 2009, he joined PaSa Racing to race a Ferrari 430 GT3 in the Asian GT Masters series and the Macau GT Cup.

Racing record

Complete World Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

TCR Spa 500 results

References

1971 births
Living people
Hong Kong racing drivers
World Touring Car Championship drivers
24H Series drivers
Engstler Motorsport drivers
TCR China Touring Car Championship drivers


The three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner West Germany qualified for the eighth FIFA World Cup held in England.

Matches

West Germany qualified.

Final Table

Team stats

Head coach:  Helmut Schön

Head coach:  Lennart Nyman

Head coach:  Argyrios Gavalas

External links
FIFA official page
RSSSF - 1966 World Cup Qualification
Allworldcup

2
1964–65 in German football
Qual
1964 in Swedish football
1965 in Swedish football
1964–65 in Cypriot football


Thevannoor is a village near Ayoor in Kollam district, Kerala, India.

History

Thevannoor got its name from the Malayalam usage "Thevante Ooru " or "devante ooru" which means "Home Of God ".Here devan or thevan means the bhoodevas ,ie; the Brahmins.Thevannoor is a place inhabited by large number of Brahmins from very ancient time onwards. The old village was all inside the Elamadu Panchayathu on four sides with the Thevannoor Devi Kshethram at the center.

Location

Thevannoor as it is known in Malayalam, is today literally the heart of Elamadu.  It is linked by MC Road to  Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam, and is the point of diversion to Kottarakkara Sree Mahaganapathi Temple.

School
The Panchayath's main Govt.School, as well as the Village Knowledge center, (for long distance buses) are both a few minute walk from the

Temples
Thalirmankunnu Devi Temple, so are most of  as well as top cultural venues like Nethaji Smaraka Grandhashala.Some of other major landmarks are Chettupara a 3 layered rock structure which has the footage of Lord Rama, Nethaji Memorial Library.Chettupara  gives a recreational comfort to passengers as well as others is just 50 meters ahead of G.H.S.S Thevannoor.

Nearby places
 Anchal - 8 km
 Ambalamkunnu - 7 km
 Ayoor - 4 km
 Elamadu- 4 km
 Kottarakkara - 17 km
 Oyoor - 14 km
 Nilamel - 10 km
 Valakom- 6 km
 Veliyam - 13 km

References

External links
 About Thevannoor

Villages in Kollam district


Raoul II, Lord of Coucy (died 1250) was a son of Enguerrand III and his wife Maria of Oisy.  In 1246 he succeeded his father as lord of Coucy.  Raoul died at the Battle of Mansurah in Egypt during the Seventh Crusade.

Raoul married Elisabeth, daughter of Walter III of Châtillon, and later remarried to Philippe of Dammartin, daughter of Simon of Dammartin.

References

Sources

1250 deaths
Christians of the Sixth Crusade
Christians of the Seventh Crusade
Lords of Coucy
Year of birth unknown


Hugh Maudslay Hordern (28 September 1868 – 25 March 1949) was the sixth Bishop of Lewes.

Biography
He was the great-grandson of the inventor Henry Maudslay and one of the founders of the Maudslay Society. He was born on 28 September 1868 and grew up at Throwley House, Faversham, Kent. He was educated at Winchester and  Christ Church, Oxford. He married Edith Augusta Sandeman, daughter of John Glas Sandeman.
He began his career with  a curacy at Warnham, and from 1894 to 1910, was Rector of Singleton. [Who Was Who, A&C Black] He was Vucar of St Nicholas, Brighton, from 1910 to 1924, also acting as a chaplain to the Territorial Army from June 1914 to 1922. He was attached to the 6th (Cyclists) Battalion Royal Sussex Regiment. ‘Most of my work was with them and in hospitals in Brighton during the War’. He was appointed to the episcopate in 1929, serving eventually for seventeen years. He died in post on 25 March 1949.

His grandson Peter Hordern was Member of Parliament (MP) for Horsham from 1964 to 1997. Other members of his family who were also involved in the First World War were his brothers: Boer War and First World War general Gwyn Venables Hordern, of Baughurst House, Ramsdell, Hampshire, (also an accomplished cricketer who scored a half century, in 1896, for the KRRC against a Free Foresters Team which included C. J. Kortright, whom Wisden described that year as the fastest bowler in the history of the game);  captain Lionel Herbert Hordern, of Throwley House, Faversham, Kent; and Radcliffe Hordern of Warrenton, Virginia, whose son Herbert Radcliffe Hordern, served in the Irish Guards and died of wounds from the First World War. His son captain Charles Hubert Hordern, and nephew, general Herle Maudslay Hordern also fought in the First World War.

References

1868 births
1949 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Bishops of Lewes
Archdeacons of Lewes
World War I chaplains
Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers
20th-century Church of England bishops


Franz Jozeph Island (or Franz Josef, Franc Jozeph, etc.) () was an island located at the mouth of the Buna River in Albania.

Geography
The island was made up of rich alluvial soil and becomes a peninsula depending on the size of the river's flow. This island is an important nesting ground for many seabirds, especially the family Ardeidae.

The island was low ground covered with a sandy seashore and dominated by alder trees. The trees are 75 years of age and reach a height of . The island receives few foreign tourists and attracts for its quietness.

The name was given to the island by Austrian cartographers in 1870. It is believed that the name was chosen in honor of the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.

Franz Joseph Island disappeared since 2011.

References

Islands of Albania
Islands of the Adriatic Sea
Uninhabited islands of Albania
Geography of Shkodër County
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Former islands of Albania


Simon of Dammartin (1180 – 21 September 1239) was a son of Alberic III of Dammartin (Aubry de Dammartin) and his wife Mathildis of Clermont,  heiress to the county of Clermont and daughter of Renaud II, Count of Clermont.

Biography
Simon was the brother of Renaud I, Count of Dammartin, who had abducted the heiress of Boulogne, and forced her to marry him. It is thought that in order to strengthen the alliance with the Dammartins, King Philip Augustus of France allowed Simon to marry Marie, Countess of Ponthieu, who was a niece of the king, in 1208. Renaud and Simon of Dammartin would eventually ally themselves with John, King of England. In 1214 the brothers stood against Philip Augustus in the Battle of Bouvines. The French won the battle, and Renaud was imprisoned, while Simon was exiled.

Marie's father William IV, Count of Ponthieu had remained loyal to Philip Augustus. When William died in 1221, Philip Augustus denied Marie her inheritance and gave Ponthieu in custody to his cousin Robert III, Count of Dreux. After the death of Philip Augustus, Marie was able to negotiate an agreement with his successor Louis VIII in 1225. Ponthieu was held by the king, and Simon would only be allowed to enter this or any other fief if he obtained royal permission. In 1231 Simon agreed to the terms and added that he would not enter into marriage negotiations for his daughters without consent of the king.

Family
Simon married Marie, Countess of Ponthieu, the daughter of  William IV, Count of Ponthieu and Alys, Countess of the Vexin. Marie became Countess of Ponthieu in 1225.

Simon and his wife Marie had four daughters:
 Joan, Countess of Ponthieu (1220–1278), married 1) Ferdinand III of Castile. Mother of Eleanor of Castile, the wife of Edward I of England. Married 2) Jean de Nesle, Seigneur de Falvy et de La Hérelle.
 Mathilda of Dammartin (-1279), married John of Châtellerault
 Philippe of Dammartin (-1280), married 1) Raoul II of Lusignan, 2) Raoul II, Lord of Coucy, 3) Otto II, Count of Guelders.
 Maria of Dammartin, married John II, Count of Roucy.

References

Sources

1180 births
1239 deaths
13th-century French people
House of Dammartin
Counts of Ponthieu
Jure uxoris officeholders


Walter III of Châtillon ( ; ) was a French knight and Lord of Châtillon, Montjay, Troissy, Crécy et Pierrefonds until his death in 1219. With his marriage, he became Count of Saint-Pol. He was also the Butler of Champagne and the Seneschal of Burgundy.

Biography

Walter was the second son of Guy II of Châtillon and Adèle of Dreux. After his father's death in 1170, his eldest brother became Lord of Châtillon and Walter assist him in his functions while his youngest brother, Robert of Châtillon, do an ecclesiastical career and became bishop of Laon in 1210 until his death in 1215.

In 1189, Walter and his eldest brother Guy participated in the Third Crusade and arrived at the siege of Acre with the King Philip Augustus the 30 March 1191, but Guy III of Châtillon died during the fight and Walter became the new Lord of Châtillon. After the fall of the city and the departure of the french King, he stayed in Holy Land and fought in the battle of Arsuf and the battle of Jaffa. He probably left the Crusade for Châtillon in late 1192.

After being noticed for his war abilities during this Crusade, he was named Butler of Champagne then Seneschal of Burgundy in 1196.

In 1196, he married Elisabeth of Saint-Pol, daughter and heiress of Hugh IV of Campdavaine, Count of Saint-Pol, and his wife Yolande of Hainaut, and in 1205 he succeeded his father-in-law as count of Saint-Pol. With his wife, he founded a new town named Villeneuve-le-Comte in the forest of Crécy-la-Chapelle.

In 1203, he joined the french army with the duke Odo III of Burgundy and the constable of Champagne Guy II of Dampierre in the conquest of Normandy against the english King John Lackland. He fought in the Siege of Château Gaillard and the catch of Falaise, Caen, Bayeux and Rouen.

In 1209, he participated in the initial campaign of the Albigensian Crusade and fought at the siege of Béziers then Carcassonne. His habilities attracted the king's attention who gave him an army to fight against the English King in Brittany.

In 1213, he fought again for the King in Flanders and Hainaut and took for him the city of Tournai and Mortagne. Before the battle of Bouvines the 27 July 1214, several French Lord doubted his loyalty and he answered that on that day the king would find in him a good traitor. During the battle, he charged and crossed enemy ranks several times, causing many trouble. In the chronicle of William the Breton he is said to have struck down all in his path and cut a hole through the enemy line. Considering he was a veteran at this point it is not surprising that he fought with distinction. According to William the Breton he withdrew to rest after fighting a long time but saw one of his knights being attacked and rode in to save him suffering from being struck by 12 lances but probably protected by his armor he fought on. He would go on to achieve legend status through poems about his works being written 40 years after his death by the Minstrel of Reims.

During the war of the Succession of Champagne, he supported the Countess-Regent Blanche of Navarre and her son Theobald against the pretender Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt and his wife Philippa of Champagne.

In 1219, he took the cross for the third time of his life and was back at Albigensian Crusade. He fought at sieges of Marmande then Toulouse. He died November 1219, probably during a battle.

William the Breton, a contemporary chronicler of Walter, described him as the bravest in arms of his time.

Walter appears in William Shakespeare's history of King John.

Family
In the year 1196 he married Elisabeth of Saint-Pol, daughter of Hugh IV of Campdavaine, Count of Saint-Pol, and Yolande of Hainaut, and had four children:
 Guy IV of Châtillon-Saint-Pol, Count of Saint-Pol after his father's death.
 Hugh of Châtillon-Saint-Pol, Lord of Châtillon after his father's death, the Count of Saint-Pol after his brother's death.
 Béatrix de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, married to Aubert of Hangest, lord of Senlis.
 Eustachia de Châtillon-Saint-Pol, married in 1215 to Daniel of Bethune, and later married to Robrecht II of Wavrin, marshal of the County of Flanders.

After Walter's death, Elisabeth of Saint-Pol married secondly Jean of Béthune, Lord of Béthune.

Notes

Sources

1160s births
1219 deaths
House of Châtillon
Counts of Saint-Pol
Christians of the Third Crusade
People of the Albigensian Crusade
Medieval French nobility
12th-century French people
13th-century French people
People from Marne (department)
Year of birth uncertain


Joseph William Dudley Brown (10 July 1872 in Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony – 3 March 1931 at Mosman Park, Western Australia) was a South African-born featherweight boxer, better known as Young Pluto, later Joe Pluto, who lived in Australia for most of his life. His career record was 17–9–12.

Early life
Contemporary sources give Pluto's birth details variously as:
13 Sep 1871, Saint John, New Brunswick
1870, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
July 1872, Saint John, New Brunswick
1870 (burial record)
In a 1927 newspaper article told (though not written) by Pluto, he is described as a "South African colored boxer", and he specifically states that he was born in South Africa.
A modern South African source indicates that he was born on 10 July 1872 in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Pluto worked on tug-boats as a boy, and was apprenticed to a racing stable, where he rode winners at a light weight.

Career
In Port Elizabeth, South Africa, at age 14 Pluto won 2 four rounders against Young Sultan and Young Berry. He stowed away on the E J Spence, a clipper barque bound for Melbourne, and settled in Port Melbourne. He found work with Caulfield racing trainer T. Brown. He attended the Lyceum Athletic Hall in Fitzroy and was matched with South Melbourne footballer Dick Doran, and with Clancy. His boxing career in NSW got off to a good start when he beat Young Browne in Newcastle, and then had a draw and a win against Young Scott. In 1888 and 1889, he fought Young Griffo to 5 straight draws. One of these fights lasted for seventy rounds. It had been decided beforehand that if both boxers were still standing that it would be declared a draw, however, it was accepted that Young Griffo had been the better boxer during the fight.
Pluto moved to Western Australia in 1893. He worked as a battery attendant and physical trainer at the Bayley's Reward Gold Mine at Coolgardie. In 1894 he beat Benny Marks to win the Western Australian lightweight title at Coolgardie's Theatre Royal. In 1898 he left Australia for the Klondike Gold Rush in the Yukon. His first bout was against Californian boxer Kid Williams in Dawson City, which he won.  His next bout was against George Dixon for the World Featherweight title. He lost to a knockout in the 10th round. He was the first South African to fight for a world title. He went on to lose his next six bouts, in the US and the United Kingdom.

Retirement
Pluto returned to Western Australia in 1909, where he married and settled down. His last professional bout was in 1911 at Fremantle, with a knockout win over Alec Rogers. In retirement he worked as a boxing instructor in public schools, ran a poultry farm in Redcliffe and worked on local racecourse ground staff. Pluto had three sons and three daughters, including Bill and Cyril Pluto, who became noted welterweight boxers. Cyril, who also fought as Young Pluto, was welterweight and middleweight champion of Western Australia. He died on 3 March 1931 at Mosman Park, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, after a long heart-related illness. He was buried at the Karrakatta Cemetery.

References

External links

1870 births
1931 deaths
South African male boxers
Sportspeople from Port Elizabeth
Australian male boxers
Featherweight boxers
Burials at Karrakatta Cemetery
Cape Colony emigrants
Immigrants to Australia


The A2 motorway () is a motorway in Slovenia, around 180 km long, connecting the Karawanks Tunnel (at the Austrian border) via the capital city Ljubljana to Obrežje (at the Croatian border, near Zagreb). It connects several major Slovene cities, including Kranj, Ljubljana, and Novo Mesto, and is part of Pan-European Corridor X.

The route of the motorway largely follows the path of the Brotherhood and Unity Highway, which was a two-lane non-divided road constructed as the main traffic artery within Yugoslavia. With the construction of the divided motorway, most of the previous road was demolished. A notable exception can be seen on the southern A2 segment between Grosuplje and Višnja Gora, where the previous road was grandfathered into the motorway system; it lacks a hard shoulder and has sharp turns and an exit ramp with a 10% grade. The northern segment between Višnja Gora and Grosuplje follows a completely different path, with three traffic lanes and a relatively lower grade.

Junctions, exits and rest area

Tunnels and covered cuts
From the northwest to the southeast, the A2 motorway features the following tunnels and covered cuts:

 Tunnels
 Karawanks Tunnel (; ,  with portal)
 Ljubno Tunnel (; right: , left: )
 Šentvid Tunnel (; right: , left: )
 Šentvid Junction (; arm B: , arm C: )
 Fat Hill (; right: , left: )
 Little Peak (; right: , left: )
 Leščevje Tunnel (; right: , left: )

 Covered cuts
 Moste
 Ljubljana–Šentvid
 Šentvid Junction (arm A and arm D)
 Medvedjek (I and II)
 Dolge Dole
 Doline (Karteljevo)
 Dobrove (Otočec)
 Čatež (right and left)

External links

 A2 Karavanke - Obrežje at DARS, the national motorway operator of Slovenia
 Exit list of A2

Highways in Slovenia


The A3 motorway () of Slovenia is 11.3 km long. It begins at the Gabrk interchange on the A1 motorway near Divača and ends at the Italian border at Sežana, continuing on in Italy as the RA14. It connects Ljubljana with Trieste.

Junctions, exits and rest area

European Route(s)

External links
DARS, the national motorway operator of Slovenia.
Exit list of A3

Highways in Slovenia


The discography of American country music singer Marty Robbins consists of 52 studio albums, 13 compilation albums, and 100 singles. In his career, Robbins has charted 17 Number One singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, as well as 82 Top 40 singles.

Robbins' highest-charting album is 1959's Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs. It charted to #6 on the all-genre Billboard 200, and was also certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The album's first single, "El Paso", become a hit on both the country and pop charts, charting to Number One on the Hot Country Songs as well as the Billboard Hot 100. While that was his only pop Number One, in 1957, "A White Sport Coat" charted to #2, and in 1961, "Don't Worry" charted to #3.

Since his death in 1982, four posthumous studio albums have been released, although they did not make an impact on the charts.

His final Top 10 single was "Honkytonk Man" in 1982, which is the title of the film Robbins had starred in. However, he died shortly before the release of the film.

Studio albums

1950s albums

1960s albums

1970s albums

1980s albums

Compilation albums

Reissue

A Lifetime of Song (1988)
Gunfighter Ballads And Trail Songs (1989)(1999)
American Originals (1990)
Rockin' Rollin' Robbins, vol. 1 (1990)
Rockin' Rollin' Robbins, vol. 2 (1990)
Hawaii's Calling Me (1990)
Musical Journey to Caribbean And Mexico (1990)
Country(1951-1958) (1990)
Rockin' Rollin' Robbins, vol. 3 (1991)
All-Time Greatest Hits (1991)
More Greatest Hits (1991)
All-Time Greatest Hits (1992)
Legendary Marty Robbins (1993)
Lost And Found (1994)
Song of Robbins (1995)
Super Hits (1995)
Under Western Skies (1995)
Country(1960-1966) (1995)
All American Country (1995)
Singin' the Hits (1995)
No. 1 Cowboy (1996)
Story of My Life (1996)
Best of Marty Robbins (1996)
Rock'n Roll Robbins (1996)
Marty After Midnight (1997)
The Drifter (1997)
16 Biggest Hits (1998)
What God Has Done (2001)
Live Classics (2001)
Just a Little Sentimental/Turn the Lights Down (2002)
Reflections (2004)
All Around Cowboy (2004)
Early Years (2004)
Love Songs (2004)
Pretty Words (2005)
Best of Marty Robbins (2006)
Sing Me Something Sentimental (2006)
Castle In the Sky (2006)
Knee Deep in the Blues (2007)
Rockin' Robbins (2007)
Country Music Legends (2007)
Grande Ole Opry (2007)
Legend Lives On (2008)
Mister Teardrop (2008)
Essential Gunfighter Ballads And More (2008)
Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?/I've Got a Woman's Love (2010)
Singing Gunfighter (2010)
I Walk Alone/It's a Sin (2010)
El Paso: Greatest Hits And Favorites (2010)
El Paso: Marty Robbins Story;1952-1960 (2012)
My Woman, My Woman, My Wife/Marty After Midnight (2012)
Rocks (2012)
Return to Me : Columbia Country Hits; 1959-1982 (2013)
Legends/Come Back to Me (2013)
El Paso City/Adios Amigo (2013)
101 Devil Woman: Best of Marty Robbins (2013)
Just a Little Sentimental/Devil Woman (2013)
By the Time I get to Phoenix/Tonight Carmen (2013)
Devil Woman: 30 Greatest Hits (2014)
Six Classic Albums Plus Bonus Tracks (2014)
20 the Century Drifter: MCA Years (2014)
Songs From a Gunfighter (2015)
Today/Don't Let Me Touch You (2016)
All Around Cowboy/Everything I Always Wanted (2016)
RFD/My Kind of Country (2016)
Marty Robbins (2016)
Devil Woman: Four Lps And Six Singles; 1961-1962 (2017)
Devil Woman/Portrait of Mary (2017)
Complete Recordings: 1952-1960 (2017)
Four Classic Albums (2018)
The Drifter/Saddle Tramp/What God Has Done/Christmas With Marty Robbins (2018)

Holiday albums

Singles

1952–1960

1961–1970

1971–1980

1981–1983

B-sides

References

External links

 Entries at 45cat.com

Country music discographies
Discographies of American artists


The original Sibiu Municipal Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Sibiu, Romania, which stood on the same site occupied by its successor.

References

See also
List of football stadiums in Romania

1927 establishments in Romania
2018 disestablishments in Romania
Athletics (track and field) venues in Romania
Buildings and structures demolished in 2018
Defunct athletics (track and field) venues
Defunct football venues in Romania
Demolished buildings and structures in Romania
Football venues in Romania
Defunct sports venues in Romania
Sports venues completed in 1927
Sports venues demolished in 2018
Demolished sports venues


The county of Saint-Pol (or Sint-Pols) was a county around the French city of Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise (Sint-Pols-aan-de-Ternas) on the border of Artois and Picardy, formerly the county of Ternois.

For a long time the county belonged to Flanders, and then from the early 11th century until the end of the 12th century it remained in the hands of the Campdavaine Family, before passing to the Châtillon family then the Luxemburg family.

The best-known count was Louis, the constable of Saint-Pol.  He was extradited to Louis XI of France by Charles the Bold, and in 1475 Louis beheaded him for high treason. In 1493, Saint-Pol was transferred to the Holy Roman Empire by the Treaty of Senlis ; in 1537, Emperor Charles V destroyed the capital city. The county was annexed to Artois in 1787 then France in 1790.

List of counts

External links

Saint Pol
Flanders

Pol


Zamora Memorial College (abbreviation: ZMC) is a private school in Bacacay, Albay, Philippines, that offers secondary and tertiary education. Founded in 1948 by Crispin Bermas Vergara, Sr., its name commemorates Friar Juan Zamora of Tayabas, Quezon, the founder of the first collegiate school in Albay.

History

Zamora Memorial College was founded as Zamora Memorial Institute on October 24, 1948 by Crispin Bermas Vergara, a retired supervisor of the Division of Albay. This was in response to the growing need for secondary education of Bacacayanos. At that time, only the upper middle class Bacacayanos have access to secondary education because high schools were only available in  Legazpi or Tabaco.

The first campus of the institute was a rented building located in the corner of Bes and Barrameda Streets in Bacacay. A typhoon struck and the building was destroyed.

Several parents and benefactors helped in reconstructing the school. For its new site, Mr. Vergara purchased a 3.7 acre parcel of land from Doña Beatrice Alparce which to this day is the present site of the school. The first school building constructed was made of bamboo and nipa. Through the years, this building was replaced by concrete building to withstand typhoons which  frequently visit the town. Additional concrete buildings were subsequently constructed to accommodate the growing number of enrollment.

In 1996, with the growing clamor for access to tertiary education in Bacacay, the Board of Trustees responded with the opening of the college department. At the time of its opening, it was fully recognized by the Commission on Higher Education. It started with two students and part-time faculty with classes in the evening. Through the years, the number of enrollment increase to approximately 500 students. With a substantial number of graduating students, in 2013, the College Department conducted a separate Commencement Exercises from High School Department.

Starting School Year 2011 - 2012, the school transitioned to K-12 curriculum pursuant to the Department of Education directive. Consequently, the Senior High School was commenced during School Year 2016-2017.

Curriculum

College Department
The College Department offers the following degree courses:

Bachelor of Elementary Education
The Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) is a four-year degree program designed to prepare students to become primary school teachers.

Bachelor of Secondary Education
The Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) is a four-year degree program designed to prepare students for becoming high school teachers. The program combines both theory and practice in order to teach students the necessary knowledge and skills a high school teacher needs. The BSEd program trains students to teach one of the different learning areas such as English, Mathematics, General Science, Filipino, Social Studies, Biological Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) and Home Economics and Livelihood Education.

Certificate for Professional Teaching
The Certificate for Professional Teaching (CPT) program is for individuals who have finished any four-year non-education degree course who want to pursue master's degree in Education and want to teach or who aim to have personal professional development and continuing education.

High School Departments
Both the Junior and Senior High School Departments offer K-12 Curriculum.

Scholarship Grants

Various scholarship grants are available for both college and high school students. These grants are listed below.

College Department

1. CHED-STUFAPS

2. Student Assistantships

3. CSCDI Scholarships

4. CFCA Scholarships

Senior High School Department

1. Department of Education Voucher

Junior High School Department

1. DepEd-FAPE Educational Service Contracting Program (GATSPE Law)

2. Edgardo V. Lawenko Scholarship

3. Scholarships for the Best and Brightest Students

4. CSCDI Scholarship

5. CFCA Scholarship

Campus
The ZMC campus is nestled on a 3.7 acre of land located at the town center of Bacacay, Albay.

Facilities include:
 The Crispin B. Vergara Hall, which houses the administration office, Senior High School Department, library, and science and TESDA laboratories.
 The Cora T. Vergara Hall, which houses the College Department
 The Arsenio B. Vergara Gymnasium
 Design Technology Workshops
 Guidance Office
 Outdoor Stage
 Basketball Court
 Botanical Garden

See also
 Education in the Philippines
 Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)
 Department of Education (Philippines)
 Fund for Assistance to Private Education
 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

References

Universities and colleges in Albay


Bateshwar may refer to:

Bateshwar, Uttar Pradesh, a village in India
Wari-Bateshwar ruins, an ancient fort city dating back to 450 BC in Bangladesh
Bateshwar, Morena,  an ancient site in Morena district, Madhya Pradesh, India
Bateshwar hills, Purnia district, Bihar, India
Bateshwar Rural Municipality, Nepal


The Kavarna Wind Farm () is a proposed wind power project in Kavarna, Bulgaria. It will have 100 individual wind turbines with a nominal output of around 2 MW which will deliver up to 200 MW of power, enough to power over 79,800 homes, with a capital investment required of approximately US$450 million.

See also

Eolica Varna Wind Farm
Plambeck Bulgarian Wind Farm

References

Proposed wind farms in Bulgaria


Larrikin Records is a record company founded in 1974 by Warren Fahey. Larrikin started as an independent label and was sold in 1995 to Festival Records.

Artists who have released albums on Larrikin include Eric Bogle, Sirocco, Mike and Michelle Jackson, Bobby McLeod, Kev Carmody, Flying Emus, Robyn Archer, Redgum, Margret RoadKnight, Jeannie Lewis, Mark Atkins, Renée Geyer, Rank Strangers, The Sweets of Sin, Richard Frankland and Currency from Canberra.

In 1990 Larrikin bought the copyright to Kookaburra, which had been written in 1932, for $6,100. In 2009 they sued Men at Work for including two bars of Kookaburra at the beginning of their song Down Under, attempting to claim 60% of the profits made by the song. They were awarded 5% of the profits, which was changed to $100,000.

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
Warren Fahey's official website
Larrikin Records in the website of the National Library of Australia

Australian independent record labels
Record labels established in 1974


The German wind farm developer Plambeck Neue Energien founded a Bulgarian joint venture in 2008. This joint venture actually develops several wind farm projects. The medium-term target is to find wind farm sites with a capacity for wind turbines with a nominal output of together up to 250 MW with a capital investment required of up to US$450 million.

See also

Kavarna Wind Farm
Eolica Varna Wind Farm
Murgash Wind Farm
Stara Planina Wind Farm

References

Proposed wind farms in Bulgaria


The House of Châtillon was a notable French family, with origins in the 9th century. The name comes from that of Châtillon-sur-Marne in Champagne, where members of the family were tenants in a castle belonging to the Counts of Champagne. Gaucher V of Châtillon was lord of Châtillon from 1290 until 1303, when he became count of Porcien. The title was then sold to Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans in 1400. Other branches of the family were in Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise (extinguished in 1360), in Blois (extinguished in 1397), and in Penthièvre (extinguished in 1457).

Members of the house include:
  Odo of Châtillon, Pope under the name of Urban II
Charles of Blois Châtillon (1319–1364), was canonized as saint, ruled over the Champagne branch. His claim to be Duke of Brittany, jure uxoris ignited the Breton War of Succession. His title would pass for a time to his descendants.
Gaucher de Châtillon (1166–1219), Sénéchal of Burgundy, escorted Philip II of France to the Holy Land and distinguished himself at the siege of Acre and the battle of Bouvines.
Gaucher V de Châtillon (1249–1329) great-grandson of the former, constable of France under Philip IV of France and minister of  Louis X of France.
Jeanne de Châtillon (c.1285–1354), Duchess of Athens.
Marie de St Pol (c.1303–1377), foundress of Pembroke College, Cambridge.
Jacques de Châtillon (-1302), died in the Battle of the Golden Spurs after fleeing a mob.
Alix de Châtillon dit d'Antioche (Alisia of Antioch), married Azon d'Este V, Seigneur de Ferrare.

This house is totally distinct from the house of Châtillon-sur-Loing, which produced (among others) the Coligny brothers : Gaspard, François and cardinal Odet.

References


Flying Emus are an Australian country/bluegrass band that formed in 1984 and released four studio albums, including, This Town, which won an ARIA Award for Best Country Album in 1988. They disbanded in 1990. At the Country Music Awards of Australia in January 2013, John Kane (guitar, mandolin), announced they had reformed with other founders: his younger sister Genni Kane on lead vocals and guitar, Mike Kerin on violin and mandolin and Ian Simpson on banjo, joined by new member Michael Vidale on bass guitar.

History

1984-1991

In 1984 the Flying Emus were formed in Sydney with Genni Kane and her older brother John Kane, Mike Kerin, and Ian Simpson, as a country, bluegrass group. In 1985 the band released their debut studio album, Look Out Below, which won Instrumental of the Year at the 1986 CMAA Country Music Awards. At the same ceremony they won Vocal Group of the Year for their song "Diamond Creek". At the 1987 CMAA awards, the band took Instrumental of the Year again, for the track "Emu Strut". In October 1986 they supported Steeleye Span in a show at the Canberra Theatre, where local correspondent Robert Hefner of The Canberra Times praised the vocals of Genni Kane, violin work by Kerin and banjo by Simpson.

In 1987 the band released This Town and in September of that year they supported Suzanne Vega at the Sydney Town Hall. Tharunkas Jim Dwyer felt the venue did not suit their intimate style. At the 1988 CMAA awards the group won Instrumental of the Year for the third consecutive year with the track "Jackaroo", and secured another Vocal Group of the Year for "Auctioneer". They won Best Country Album for This Town at the ARIA Music Awards of 1988.

In 1989 the band released Postcards from Paradise, which was nominated for an ARIA Award for Best Country Album in 1990. Also in that year they released their final studio album, Thank You and Goodnight, before breaking up. At the 1991 CMAA awards they won Instrumental of the Year for the fourth time with the track "Dixie Breakdown".

2013-present: Reformation and The Collection

In January 2013 at the Country Music Awards of Australia, band member John Kane announced the group were reforming. In December 2013 the Flying Emus announced a reunion tour for January 2014 with the four original members (John and Genni Kane, Simpson and Kerin) joined by Michael Vidale on violin. A compilation album, Flying Emus: The Collection, was released through Warner Music on 10 January 2014, with tracks from the band's four albums spanning from 1984 to 1990.

Members

 Genni Kane (Genevieve Wilby) – lead vocals, guitar
 John Kane – guitar, mandolin
 Mike Kerin – violin, mandolin, guitar, vocals
 Ian Simpson – banjo, guitar
 Hanuman Dass – percussion
 Graham Thompson – bass guitar
 Michael Vidale – bass guitar
 Malcolm Wakeford – drums, percussion
 Wayne Goodwin – violin
 Lucky Oceans – pedal steel guitar
 Michael Rose – pedal steel guitar
Credits:

Discography

Singles

Awards

ARIA Music Awards

The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Flying Emus have won one awards from five nominations.

|-
|rowspan="2"| 1988 ||rowspan="2"| This Town || ARIA Award for Best Country Album ||
|-
| ARIA Award for Best Indigenous Release ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1989 || "I Just Want to Dance With You" ||Best Country Album ||
|-
| "This Town" / "Darling Street" || Best Indigenous Release ||
|-
| 1990 || Postcards From Paradise || Best Country Album ||
|-

Country Music Awards of Australia
The Country Music Awards of Australia (CMAA) (also known as the Golden Guitar Awards) is an annual awards night held in January during the Tamworth Country Music Festival, celebrating recording excellence in the Australian country music industry. They have been held annually since 1973. Flying Emus have won six awards.

|-
| 1986 || "Look Out Below" || Instrumental of the Year  ||
|-
| 1986 || "Diamond Creek" || Vocal Group of the Year  ||
|-
| 1987 || "Emu Strut" || Instrumental of the Year  ||
|-
| 1988 || "Auctioneer"  || Vocal Group of the Year  ||
|-
| 1988 || "Jackaroo" || Instrumental of the Year ||
|-
| 1991 || "Dixie Breakdown" || Instrumental of the Year ||

 Note: Wins only

References

ARIA Award winners
Australian country music groups
Australian bluegrass music groups
1984 establishments in Australia
Musical groups disestablished in 1990
Musical groups established in 1984


Andrea Guerra (born 4 September 1972) is an Italian football coach and former player who is the assistant coach of  club Monza. As a player, he played as a left-back.

Career
Born in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Guerra started his career at Veneto club Hellas Verona. He made his Serie A debut on 15 September 1991, against Internazionale; he came on as a substitute for Marino Magrin in the 59th minute. He made his second appearance for Verona on 3 November 1991, against Parma, replacing Paolo Piubelli in the 53rd minute; the match ended in a 1–1 draw.

After Verona were relegated in June 1992, Guerra left for Serie C1 side Salernitana. In the 1993–94 season, Guerra returned to Verona, where he became a regular starter for the club in Serie B. In the 1994–95 season, he left for city rival and Serie B newcomers Chievo Verona. With Chievo, Guerra won an historic promotion to Serie A (the first one in the club's history) during the 2000–01 season, under coach Luigi Delneri, although he was injured and missed most of the season.

On 22 August 2001, Guerra left for Serie B newcomers Palermo in a co-ownership deal, where he played 33 times in the league.

After Maurizio Zamparini purchased the Sicily side in July, Zamparini bought some players from Venezia, the club which he had previously owned, and sent Palermo's Daniele Amerini and Guerra back to Venezia, along with Igor Budan and Evans Soligo, who had also been purchased from Venezia.

Guerra was not included in the squad for the 2003–04 season.

In 2004–05, Guerra left for his hometown club F.C. Südtirol, where he played for two seasons in Serie C2.

In July 2007, he was signed by Serie C1 side Monza.

The following season, he left for Eccellenza Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol side Merano, and in the 2008–09 season, he played for Serie D side Bolzano; both clubs are located in South Tyrol. In November, he was released.

Managerial career
In 2015, Guerra was appointed assistant coach of Südtirol. He was appointed technical assistant of Foggia in 2016. On 28 May 2021, Guerra became assistant coach to Giovanni Stroppa at Monza.

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bolzano
Footballers from Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Hellas Verona FC players
US Salernitana 1919 players
AC ChievoVerona players
Palermo FC players
Venezia FC players
FC Südtirol players
AC Monza players
FC Bolzano 1996 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Italian football managers
Association football coaches