The Saint Stephen Church of Lmbat Monastery (), more commonly known as Lmbatavank (), is a church located on a hillside southwest of the town of Artik in the Shirak Province of Armenia. It was constructed in the 7th century and was dedicated to Saint Stephen.

Architecture
The church of Saint Stephen has a cruciform centralised plan under a single octagonal drum with an octagonal-conical dome above. The four arms of the church have gable roofs. There is a single portal that leads into the building, and adjacent to the main entry of the church is another portal to a side chapel. Decorative elements are mostly circular shield-type patterns on the exterior of the structure, and are limited to the bell style arches above some of the windows, eaves, and cornices. On the eastern exterior façade of the church are some inscriptions, as well as a design of a low-relief cross pattée resting in the center of a circle located to the left of the lower window. This same cross variant can be seen on other churches in the Artik area; for example, on the rear façade of the 5th-century Surb Astvatsatsin Church/Surb Marine Church in the center of Artik, and also on the walls of the 7th-century Pemzashen Church.

The apse of the church has important 7th-century frescoes, with remnants of scenes depicting Jesus in the center surrounded by symbols of heavenly powers. There is also an image of Saint George riding on a horse while holding a staff topped with a cross.

Between 1955 and 1956 Saint Stephen was partially renovated. Excavations took place during 1960 to clear out the area in front of the church and under the stones: khachkars and a Bronze Age cemetery were uncovered. Some of these khachkars can be seen in and along the retaining walls next to the church.  Other tombstones are nearby.

Folklore
Local folklore tells that Turkish invading forces tried to fire a cannon at the church of Saint Stephen. After firing twice at the structure and missing their target, they tried once again and misfired the cannon in their own vicinity. The commander realized that what they were firing upon was actually a church and put an end to the attack.

In more recent years, the church door is said to have been stolen by a man who was seen carrying it away on his back.  When asked by local residents, "What door is this?" he replied "The door to the church!"  They told him to bring it back from where he took it, which he did. Since the door was taken from a holy place, it is said that he could not remove it from his back until he returned it to the church because it was stuck.

Gallery

References

External links

 About Lmbatavank
 Armenian Architectural Studies
 Armeniapedia: Lmbatavank

Armenian Apostolic churches in Armenia
7th-century religious buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Shirak Province
Christian monasteries in Armenia
Tourist attractions in Shirak Province


The Intermountain Jewish News (IJN) is a weekly newspaper serving the Denver-Boulder communities and the greater Rocky Mountain Jewish community (Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, Utah, and Montana).

The newspaper was founded in 1913 and had a series of editors before being taken over by Robert Gamzey and Max Goldberg in 1943. Since then the newspaper has been owned and operated by the Goldberg family.

As of 2021 Rabbi Hillel Goldberg is the editor and publisher.

The Denver Jewish News (1913-1925)

The Denver Jewish News was founded in 1913 after the Jewish Outlook folded. Its first issue appeared on February 26, 1915. A February 27, 1915 article in the Rocky Mountain News said that the Denver Jewish News would become a "permanent feature of Denver's newspaper field."

The newspaper was the official organ of the Central Jewish Council of Denver, which had been founded in 1912 by community leaders including Rabbi Charles E. H. Kauvar of Beth HaMedrosh Hagodol or BMH (now known as Beth HaMedrosh Hagodol-Beth Joseph, attorney and philanthropist Milton Anfenger, and Dr. Charles David Spivak of the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society.

Spivak, who served as the Denver Jewish News’ first editor, was a political refugee from Russia who attended medical school in Philadelphia and helped found the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society (JCRS) in what is now Lakewood, Colorado.

According to an essay on the Library of Congress’ “Chronicling America” collection, the Denver Jewish News covered Denver's East Side, consisting mostly of Reform Jews, and the West Side, consisting mostly of Eastern European (predominantly Polish and Russian) Orthodox immigrants. The newspaper covered national and regional news, including society happenings. Following World War I, the Denver Jewish News reported on relief efforts for Jews in Europe, as well as reported on an increase of anti-Semitic activity in Europe.

The earliest editions of the Denver Jewish News, along with the existing editions of the defunct Jewish Outlook, were selected in 2017 as part of a History Colorado grant to be added to the digital Chronicling America collection hosted by the Library of Congress.

The Intermountain Jewish News

In 1925, the Denver Jewish News’ then editor and Denver University economics professor Abraham D. H. Kaplan renamed the publication the Intermountain Jewish News to reflect its wider range.

Notable editors and publishers included: Hattie Schayer Friedenthal (editor, 1917–1922), State Senator A.B. Hirschfeld (publisher, 1929–1943) and Carl Mandell (editor, 1933–1943).

In 1943, in the face of ongoing financial strains, the Central Jewish Council approached Max Goldberg, a Denver journalist and ad man, to take over the paper. Goldberg, together with Robert Gamzey, took ownership of the newspaper. Max Goldberg served as publisher from 1943 to 1972. Upon his death in 1972, Miriam Harris Goldberg took over as editor and publisher and stayed in the role until her passing in 2017.

In addition to weekly publication, IJN publishes special editions approximately once a month, including three magazines: L'Chaim magazine (fall and spring) and Generations magazine (summer). Once every five years the IJN publishes a souvenir anniversary magazine. The 95th-anniversary magazine was published on July 7, 2008. The 100th-anniversary magazine was published on June 24, 2013. The 105th-anniversary magazine was published on June 25, 2018.

Syndicated columnists appearing in the IJN include Jonathan Tobin, Rabbi Jonathan Sacks and Mehmet Oz.

IJN is a member of the American Jewish Press Association (AJPA) and the Colorado Press Association.

References

External links
 Intermountain Jewish News online official site
 American Jewish Press Association Member

Jewish newspapers published in the United States
Jews and Judaism in Denver
Jews and Judaism in Montana
Jews and Judaism in New Mexico
Jews and Judaism in Utah
Newspapers published in Colorado
Weekly newspapers published in the United States


Asia University (AU; ), formerly Taichung Health and Management College (), is a private university in Taichung, Taiwan. Founded in 2001, it offers education for degrees in health and medical science, computer science and electrical engineering, creative design, management, and humanities and social sciences.

The university was founded with the goal of becoming an internationally competitive comprehensive university, and has been growing quickly since its creation. Specifically, being essentially a college with 17 departments and only about 2000 students when established in 2001, it has become a medium-size university with 28 departments and more than 12,000 students in 2018.

History
Asia University (AU), initially with the name of Taichung Healthcare and Management College, was founded in August 2001 in Wufeng, Taichung,(Taiwan) by Chang-Hai Tsai and Tseng-lien Lin. On August 1, 2005, Taichung Healthcare and Management University was renamed "Asia University" under the authority of the Ministry of Education.

Though being the youngest university in Taiwan, by great efforts put in school running in the past 19 years AU has outstanding achievements and so enters the lists of many global university rankings in the world. Specifically, AU has been ranked to be one of the best universities in the world or in Asia by four famous global university rankings: (1) THE: UK Times Higher Education World University Rankings; (2) ARWU: Academic Ranking of World Universities (originally by Shanghai Jiao Tong University); (3) US News: US News & World Report Global University Ranking; (4) QS - Asia: UK QS Global University Rankings in Asia

Faculties

College of Medical and Health Science
Department of Healthcare Administration
Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology
Department of Biotechnology
Department of Psychology
Department of Nursing
Department of Optometry
Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology
Department of Occupational Therapy
Department of Physical Therapy
Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine
College of Information and Electrical Engineering
Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering
Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering
Department of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications
Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering
Department of Information Communication
College of Management
Department of Business Administration
Department of International Business
Department of Leisure and Recreation Management
Department of Accounting and Information Systems
Department of Finance
Department of Financial and Economic Law
College of Humanities and Social Sciences
Department of Foreign Languages and Literature
Department of Social Work
Department of Early Childhood Education
College of Creative Design
Department of Digital Media Design
Department of Visual Communication Design
Department of Creative Product Design
Department of Fashion Design
Department of Interior Design
International Degree Program of Design
Creative Design and Invention Center
College of Nursing
Department of Nursing
Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing
College of Artificial Intelligence
Center for Artificial Intelligence
International College
Center for Creative Leadership
Center for International Academic Exchange
Chinese Language Center
Center for the Development of Language Teaching and Research

Partner institutions

Americas

United States
Case Western Reserve University
Georgia Institute of Technology
Tulane University
Stanford University
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Irvine
University of South Carolina
University of Texas, Austin

Canada
University of Victoria

Brazil
Universidade Catolica de Brasilia

Malaysia
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan

References

External links

2001 establishments in Taiwan
Universities and colleges established in 2001
Universities and colleges in Taichung
Universities and colleges in Taiwan
Comprehensive universities in Taiwan


Tiantangwei railway station (, formerly Tin Tong Wai) was a station in Fenggang Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China. It is a level 4 station according to the scale of stations by the Chinese Ministry of Railways. It is on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen and Jingjiu Railways, opened in 1911 and closed in 2005.

Buildings and structures in Dongguan
Railway stations in China opened in 1911
Railway stations closed in 2005
Stations on the Beijing–Kowloon Railway
Stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway


The Sunday Times Top Track 250 is an annual league table published in association with The Sunday Times newspaper in the UK. It ranks Britain’s private mid-market growth companies with the biggest sales. It is published in The Sunday Times each October, with an awards event typically held in November, and alumni dinners during the year. The league table is researched and produced by Fast Track, an Oxford based research and networking events business.

About Fast Track
Fast Track is a leading research and events company that has built a network of the UK’s top-performing private companies, from the fastest-growing to the biggest, through its rankings in The Sunday Times. Founded in 1997 by Hamish Stevenson, it now publishes seven annual league tables and brings company founders and directors together at invitation-only networking awards events and alumni dinners.

Entry criteria
Companies have to meet the criteria below to be able to qualify for the Top Track 250 league table:

 Sales are typically between £700m (the bottom ranked company on Top Track 100) and £120m
 UK registered, unquoted, and not subsidiaries
 Sales are taken as total turnover, net of VAT
 Sales in the latest year must have grown by 5% or more for companies with the highest sales, graduated to 10% for those with lower sales; or profit growth must have been 5% or more
 Companies must also have operating profit margins that exceed 2%
 Trading weeks in the latest year have to exceed 25
 Companies may have their ultimate holding company offshore

Exclusions

 Companies that are equal joint ventures, or majority-owned by quoted or other companies
 Companies with the majority of sales generated by their quoted subsidiaries
 Companies with fewer than 50 staff
 Not-for-profit companies, co-operative societies, mutual societies, provident associations, and member-owned buying groups

Companies that do not meet all the criteria can still be considered for the Ones to Watch programme, particularly if they forecast good sales growth

Notable alumni companies
Top Track 250 was launched in 2005 to recognise Britain’s private mid-market growth companies with the biggest sales. Since its launch, more than 1,000 companies have appeared on the league table, including:

 Dyson, which was first featured in 2005 with sales of £277.1m,  and by 2019 was ranked at No.7 on Top Track 100 with sales of £4.4bn, and profits of £1.1bn
 The Watches of Switzerland Group, which featured 10 times before its IPO in May 2019, valuing it at £647m
 B&M Retail featured three times from 2009 to 2011, with initial sales of £255.9m, before its IPO in June 2014 valuing it at £2.7bn
 IHS Markit first featured in 2010 with sales of £305m; floated in 2014 and completed a $13bn merger with IHS in 2016
 Ocado first featured in 2006, with sales of £143m and floated in 2010

Latest Top Track 250 list
The 16th annual Sunday Times Top Track 250 league table supplement was published on 27 September 2020 and featured established brands including Dr Martens, and Thatchers Cider as well as number 1 ranked company Turner & Townsend.

Previous rankings

2013 Top Track 250 list
Virgin Active, the health club operator, was ranked 1st in the Sunday Times Top Track 250 with sales of £641.5 million, a rise of 14 places compared to 2012.

Other significant rises in The Top Track 250 league table include Wonga.com (Sales £309.3 million), with a rise of 140; Countryside Properties (Sales £272.9 million) – rise of 85; Opus Energy (Sales £369.5 million) – a rise of 73; The Range (Sales £381.9 million) – a rise of 63.

2012 Top Track 250 list
Shepherd Group, one of the UK's leading family-owned private businesses, was named in 1st position of The Top Track 2012 with sales of £607.7 million.

New entrants to The Top Track 2012 include A.T. Kearney – management consultancy – with sales of £604.1 million; Camelot UK Lotteries – lottery operator – with sales of £574.5 million; Aurora Fashions – fashion retailer – with sales of £568.8 million; City Electrical Factors – electrical parts wholesaler – with sales of £527.2 million.

2011 Top Track 250 list
Partnership, the life assurance specialist was ranked number 1 in Top Track 250 for the first time in 2011 with sales of £587.9 million, followed by: Noble Foods – egg products manufacturer – with sales of £558.8 million; Farmfoods – frozen food retailer – with sales of £558 million; Edrington – whisky and rum distiller – with sales of £553.4 million; and Gondola – restaurant operator – at position 5, with sales of £545 million.

2010 Top Track 250 list
The Sunday Times Top Track 250 league table list was published on 17 October 2010 with the title sponsor HSBC. The Sixth Annual Sunday Times HSBC Top Track 250 awards dinner was held at the Jumeirah Carlton Tower Hotel in London on the night of 14 October and was attended by owners and directors of country's leading mid-market private companies. The sixth annual Top Track 250 league table supplement was published in The Sunday Times on 17 October 2010 with HSBC as the title sponsor.

TJ Morris 	    590.3 (Sales £m), Watson Petroleum 584.7 (Sales £m), Aurora Fashions 550.0 (Sales £m), Vestey Group 	    541.2 (Sales £m), Dunbia 	            540.4 (Sales £m), Noble Foods 	    533.5 (Sales £m), NDS Group 	    521.7 (Sales £m), Harrods 	    519.8 (Sales £m), Agricola Group 	    510.8 (Sales £m), Warburtons 	    510.5 (Sales £m)

Southall Travel is the only travel agency included in the influential league table. The agency recorded astounding sales of £203.1 million for the year ending March 2010 and was ranked at 148th place. Other companies from the travel industry listed include Gatwick airport in 16th with sales of £475 million, the Alternative Hotel Group at 18th with sales of £465 million, Travelodge at 71st with sales of £297 million, Park Resorts at 215th with sales of £154 million and Holiday Extras at 236th with sales of £145 million.

2008 Top Track 250 list
The 250 companies in the list follow on from the Top Track 100 list published in June. The companies account for 5% of GDP and 1.5% of the UK workforce. The Combined turnover is £69 billion ( up £11 billion on 2007)saw an average profit increase of 67% pa with the maximum increase being 114% pa.  Profits across the list vary greatly with many firms in the Profit Track 100 list, totalling over £4 billion.  Employees increased from 400,000 to 477,000 in these companies over last years list. The list includes some well known household names, some of whom were taken private (De listed companies). Some are wholly Family owned others are owned by Venture capital trusts, or bank investors. Some previous entrants have now floated.

This list is compiled from the Sunday Times Top Track 250, 2008.

Other Fast Track publications
Top Track 250 is one of seven league tables of private companies produced by Fast Track and published in The Sunday Times:
Fast Track 100 – ranks the UK’s fastest-growing private companies based on sales (excluding TMT companies, which appear in Tech Track 100 (see below)
SME Export Track 100 – ranks the UK's SMEs with the fastest-growing international sales
Tech Track 100 – ranks the UK’s fastest-growing private technology companies based on sales (the sister table to Fast Track 100)
 International Track 200 – ranks the UK’s private mid-market companies with the fastest-growing overseas sales
 Profit Track 100 – ranks the UK’s private companies with the fastest-growing profits
Top Track 250 – ranks the UK’s leading mid-market private companies based on sales and/or profits growth
Top Track 100 – ranks the UK’s biggest private companies based on sales

References

External links
 Fast Track web site
 Top Track 250 League Table

The Sunday Times (UK)
Lists of companies of the United Kingdom
Top lists


David Tolbert currently serves as the third president of the International Center for Transitional Justice, a global human rights organization with headquarters in New York.

Previously, Tolbert worked with the United Nations for almost 15 years, acting as a senior legal advisor, deputy chief prosecutor and assistant secretary-general. He was the chief of the General Legal Division of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) in Vienna, Austria and Gaza. Then, in 2004, he was appointed Deputy Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Before becoming the Deputy Prosecutor of ICTY, he had served as deputy registrar and chef de cabinet to President Gabrielle Kirk McDonald in the same institution. In July 2009, he was appointed by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon as a registrar for the special tribunal prosecuting the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri. Tolbert worked with the Special Tribunal for Lebanon from August 2009 to March 2010.

He has served as the Executive Director of the American Bar Association's Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative (ABA CEELI), an institution that manages rule of law development programs throughout Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

Tolbert obtained his B.A. magna cum laude from Furman University, his J.D. from the University of North Carolina and his LL. M. with distinction from the University of Nottingham. He has published widely regarding international criminal justice, the ICTY and the International Criminal Court (ICC) and has represented the ICTY in the discussions leading up to the creation of the ICC. He has also taught international law and human rights at the post-graduate level in the United Kingdom and practiced law for many years in the United States.

References

External links
David Tolbert speaks about the International Court of Justice—video published by the Politiek Cafe Foundation, The Netherlands

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American officials of the United Nations
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia prosecutors
American lawyers
Furman University alumni
University of North Carolina alumni
Alumni of the University of Nottingham


The Electoral Commission of Ghana (EC) is the official body in Ghana responsible for all public elections. Made up of seven members, its independence is guaranteed by the 1992 Ghana constitution. The current commission was established by the Electoral Commission Act (Act 451) of 1993. Kwadwo Afari-Gyan was the first substantive chairman of the commission, from 1993 to 2015. He was succeeded by Charlotte Osei as the first female chairman of the commission from 2015 to June 2018. Jean Adukwei Mensah succeeded Charlotte Osei in July 2018. On December 5, 2018, the Electoral commission chaired by Jean Adukwei Mensah reverted to the old logo showing the Coat of arms of Ghana and a ballot box showing the hand casting its votes, after the controversy over the new logo.

As at 2023, there are 33,367 poling station across the country with 38,622 voting stations.

Members
The commission is made up of seven members. The position of chairman became vacant in June 2018 when the president, Nana Akufo-Addo sacked Charlotte Osei. This was apparently on the recommendation of a committee set up by Sophia Akuffo, the Chief Justice of Ghana. She was appointed by former President John Dramani Mahama, in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana in June 2015. Her two deputies were Amadu Sulley and Georgina Opoku Amankwah. Sulley Amadu was appointed by John Evans Atta Mills, the then Ghanaian President following the retirement of David Kangah who had served in that capacity for 19 years. Georgina Opoku Amankwah was appointed by President John Mahama to replace Sarfo-Kantanka who had served for about 20 years. She is the first female deputy chairman of the commission. There are four other members. Mrs. Paulina Adobea Dadzawa, an administrator and Ebenezer Aggrey Fynn, a Management Consultant were appointed by President Kufuor in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana in February 2004. In June 2018, the chairman, Charlotte Osei and her two deputies were sacked by Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana following an investigation by a committee set up by the Chief Justice, Sophia Akuffo, following various allegations of fraud and corruption leveled against them. In July 2018,the President of Ghana, Nana Addo Dankwa Akuffo Addo nominated 4 EC top officials The new Electoral Commissioner, Jean Adukwei Mensa along with her two new deputies, Samuel Tettey and Eric Bossman as well as another new member Adwoa Asuama Abrefa were all sworn in by President Akufo-Addo on 1 August 2018. In February 2004, three members of the commission retired. They were Elizabeth Solomon, Mrs. Theresa Cole, and Professor Ernest Dumor. Another member, Dr. M. K. Puni, died in June 2005. Dixon Afreh is a former member of the Commission who left when he was appointed as a Justice of the Appeal Court in October 1994. The Electoral Commission of Ghana established a biometric system of registration for the electoral register prior to the 2012 presidential and parliamentary elections to prevent double registration and to eliminate ghost names in the old register. In preparation for the 2020 elections, 257 of the 260 offices all over the country were linked on the internet. MTN won the bid to provide the internet network and Persol Systems, the bid to build the Data Centre.

The Electoral Commission was allocated a total amounts of, GH¢328,716,008, GH¢141, 267,303 and GH¢822,897,500 for 2014, 2015 and 2016 financial years respectively. The high expenditures for 2014 and 2015 were due to the 2014 Limited Voters Registration Exercise, the conduct of the 2015 District Level Elections and the procurement of 40,000 additional Biometric Verification Devices. The commission was allocated an amount of GH¢822,897,500 for the 2016 General Elections. However, the cash requirement for the elections is GH¢1,139,885,991 leaving a funding gap of GH¢316,988,491. The 2016 allocated budget representing 150% and 482.5% higher than 2014 and 2015 budgets respectively is due to the Conduct of the 2016 General Elections. With respect to Compensation of Employees, an amount of GH¢20,193,101was expended in 2014, whilst in 2015, the actual expenditure stood at GH¢19,976,918, a decrease by GH¢216,183 representing 1.08% due to retirement of some staff in the commission. In 2016, an amount of GH¢15,248,621 was allocated for compensation of employees. In the case of Goods and Services, an amount of GH¢304,142,217.86 was expended in 2014. The expenditure in 2015 also stood at GH¢121,290,385 representing a decrease of 150.7%compared to 2014. The decrease in expenditure was as a result of the absence of major electoral activities in 2015. However, following the Supreme Court decision to cancel the District Level Elections, an additional amount of GH¢90,212,775 was allocated to re-conduct the elections. This resulted to cumulative allocation of GH¢231,480,078 in 2015 in respect to the conduct of the District Level Elections. Out of the GH¢822,897,500 allocation for 2016, 97.21% amounting to GH¢800,000,000 represents Goods and Services, 1.85% amounting to GH¢15,248,621 represents employee compensation and 0.92% amounting to GH¢7,648,879 represents non-financial assets.

There are 17,027,641 registered voters as at August 2023.

International support

The claim that the commission received a successful support to the close of elections of 2008, has made it a focus of African and international election reform organizations. In November 2009, a conference was held to analyze this election and tried to establish new standards and practices for African election commissions which was Held in Accra was titled Colloquium on African Elections: Best Practices and Cross-Sectorial Collaboration. The conference was organized by a number of international election reform organizations including the National Democratic Institute, the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy, the Open Society Initiative for West Africa and UNDP.

Former members
In February 2004, three members of the commission retired. They were Elizabeth Solomon, Mrs. Theresa Cole and Professor Ernest Dumor. Another member, Dr. M. K.Puni, died in June 2005. Dixon Afreh is a former member of the Commission who left when he was appointed as a Justice of the Appeal Court in October 1994. Three of the members were appointed by President John Kufuor in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana in February 2004 and sworn in on 5 March 2004. They are Mrs. Paulina Adobea Dadzawa, an administrator, Nana Amba Eyiiba I, Efutuhemaa and Krontihemaa of the Oguaa Traditional Area and Eunice Akweley Roberts, an educationist and human resource practitioner. They were all women. Ebenezer Aggrey Fynn, a management consultant was also appointed to the commission by the president to bring it to its full complement of seven members.

In June 2018, the chairperson, Charlotte Osei, and her two deputies, Amadu Sulley and Georgina Opoku Amankwah were removed from office by President Akufo-Addo on the recommendation of a committee set up by the chief justice.

Elections
The Electoral Commission of Ghana established a biometric system of registration for the electoral register prior to the 2012 presidential and parliamentary elections to prevent double registration and to eliminate ghost names in the old register. In preparation towards the 2020 elections, 257 of the 260 offices all over the country were linked on the internet. MTN won the bid to provide the internet network and Persol Systems, the bid to build the Data Center. Two weeks before the 2020 elections, the commission indicated that it had put in place resources to ensure that the results and declaration of winners, would be done within 24 hours of the end of voting.

Preceding Institutions
The lives of Electoral Commissions prior to the Fourth Republic of Ghana were interrupted due to military coups. At the time of the UNIGOV referendum in 1976, Justice Isaac K. Abban was appointed by the Supreme Military Council under Ignatius Kutu Acheampong. In 1979, Justice Joseph Kingsley-Nyinah was the Electoral Commissioner during the general election. For the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election and parliamentary election, the Electoral Commissioner was Justice Josiah Ofori Boateng.

Reform
In May 2021, the EC agreed on some proposals to reform the conduct of elections in the country, such as conduct of voter registration exercises all year round, exhibitions, filing of nominations and special voting. The E.C is seeking to change the presidential and parliamentary elections from December 7 to November 7. This falls under reforms yet to be Implemented.

See also
 Elections in Ghana
 List of Ghana Parliament constituencies
 List of political parties in Ghana

References

External links
 Official Website

Elections in Ghana
Politics of Ghana
Ghana
Organizations established in 1993
1993 establishments in Ghana
Government of Ghana


Shigu railway station (, formerly Shek Ku) is a railway station serving the village of Shigu in Tangxia, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. It is a station on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway and the Beijing–Kowloon railway, and rated level 4 on the Chinese Ministry of Railways station scale. It was opened in 1911, and is now managed by the Guangshen Railway Company.

Buildings and structures in Dongguan
Railway stations in China opened in 1911
Stations on the Beijing–Kowloon Railway
Stations on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway


Kołacz is a type of pastry of Polish origin.

Kołacz may also refer to:

People
 Agnieszka Kołacz-Leszczyńska (born 1972), Polish politician
 Grzegorz Kołacz (born 1966), Polish politician

Places
 Kołacz, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 Kołacz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

See also

Polish-language surnames


Frying Pan Shoals Light Tower is a decommissioned lighthouse located on the Frying Pan Shoals approximately  southeast of Southport, North Carolina, and  from Bald Head Island, North Carolina. The tower is currently privately owned and was formerly a bed and breakfast retreat, and is noted for its survival through several significant tropical storms.

The light tower is modeled after a steel oil drilling platform, known as a "Texas Tower", on top of four steel legs that was engineered to be used as a lighthouse housing several Coast Guard members. The  light tower marks the shoals at the confluence of the Cape Fear River and the Atlantic Ocean.

History
The shoals have been patrolled by a lightboat since 1854 by the United States Coast Guard. In 1966, the light tower was built, and was staffed year-round by a four-person crew until the operation of the light was automated in 1979. The station was ultimately decommissioned in 2004, owing to the advent of GPS systems on ships making the facility obsolete.

The Coast Guard considered demolishing the light for use as an artificial reef, but instead held an online auction where the winning bid was by a South Carolina diving and research firm Shipwrecks, Inc. in 2009 for $515,000. However, the company failed to make the down payment, and subsequently the tower returned to government hands and was sold again in August 2010 for $85,000 to a private individual, Richard Neal of Charlotte, North Carolina.

In August 2011, the Frying Pan Tower was directly hit by Hurricane Irene with measured winds of  and waves of . An observational flight the day after the storm, August 28, 2011, showed that the tower had no visible damage from the impact. It was listed in an article in Time on light houses that have been restored to bed and breakfast facilities.

In November 2012, Hurricane Sandy went within a few dozen miles of the Frying Pan Tower but due to its being a low-category storm at the time, the only issue was a few disturbed ceiling tiles due to a window being left open.

In September 2018, the Shoals were in the path of Hurricane Florence. Media coverage in the hours before the storms landfall noted the American flag on Frying Pan Tower being torn to shreds by the extreme conditions as the hurricane approached. This could be seen live from an Explore.org camera on the tower. Coverage of the flag was widely viewed online, and the flag was eventually given the name Kevin by livestream viewers. After the storm passed, the flag was recovered and sold at an auction to raise money for the Wilmington Red Cross. In 2019, it went through Hurricane Dorian. As the eye passed over the structure, a weather station on the tower reported a pressure of 959.5 mb.

Starting in 2018 and finalized in 2019, Neal divested all ownership interest to focus on the restoration efforts as the director of FPTower Inc., a federally registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit. FPTower Inc. is organizing the restoration with volunteers, donations, and active promotion of the tower as a resource for education, research, and as an iconic piece of American Coast Guard history.

Structural conditions

The light tower is accessible by helicopter and by boat. A January 2010 onsite inspection by an engineering firm that was contracted by the Coast Guard determined that the helipad platform can indeed support a helicopter and that the entire structure, while in need of repair, was structurally sound. The lower stairs to the light tower were destroyed by a hurricane and the mid to upper section stairs have experienced significant deterioration due to the salt environment.

The platform on the tower consists of two floors. The subfloor is a living area of approximately  that includes seven bedrooms, kitchen, office, storage area, recreation area and toilet facilities.

References

External links

Frying Pan Shoals Light at the Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society
Pictures of the Frying Pan Hotel

Lighthouses completed in 1964
2003 disestablishments in North Carolina
Lighthouses in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Brunswick County, North Carolina
1964 establishments in North Carolina


Károly Holecz ()  (born 24 February 1969) is a Slovenian writer, journalist, and former mayor of the village of Orfalu, near Szentgotthárd, Hungary.

His parents are Károly Holecz Sr. and Sára Skerlák. Born in Szentgotthárd, he went to primary school in Apátistvánfalva and high school in Körmend. After that he received a bachelor's degree from Dániel Berzsenyi College (now University of West Hungary – Savaria University Center) in Szombathely after studying Slovene and technology.

He worked at the Hungarian Slovenian weekly Porabje, and from 1994 to 2006 was the mayor of Orfalu.  He has been awarded a recognition as a notable member of the Slovene minority in Hungary.

In 2003, he published a collection of stories titled Andovske zgodbe, Andovske prpovejsti (Stories of Orfalu) in standard Slovene and the Prekmurje dialect.

Bibliography

References

See also
 List of Slovene writers and poets in Hungary

Slovenian writers and poets in Hungary
Slovenian journalists
1969 births
Living people
Mayors of places in Hungary


Plants and herbivores have co-evolved together for 350 million years. Plants have evolved many defense mechanisms against insect herbivory. Such defenses can be broadly classified into two categories: (1) permanent, constitutive defenses, and (2) temporary, inducible defenses. Both types are achieved through similar means but differ in that constitutive defenses are present before an herbivore attacks, while induced defenses are activated only when attacks occur. In addition to constitutive defenses, initiation of specific defense responses to herbivory is an important strategy for plant persistence and survival.

Benefits of induced defences

Inducible defenses allow plants to be phenotypically plastic. This may confer an advantage over constitutive defenses for multiple reasons.  First, it may reduce the chance that attacking insects adapt to plant defenses.  Simply, inducible defenses cause variations in the defense constituents of a plant, thereby making the plant a more unpredictable environment for insect herbivores. This variability has an important effect on the fitness and behaviour of herbivores. For example, the study of herbivory on radish (Raphanus sativus) by the cabbage looper caterpillar (Trichoplusia ni) demonstrated that the variation of defensive chemicals (glucosinolates) in R. sativus, due to induction, resulted in a significant decrease in the pupation rates of T. ni. In essence, defensive chemicals can be viewed as having a particular dosage-dependent effect on herbivores: it has little detrimental effect on herbivores when present at a low or moderate dose, but has dramatic effects at higher concentrations. Hence, a plant which produces variable levels of defensive chemicals is better defended than one that always produces the mean level of toxin.

Second, synthesizing a continually high level of defensive chemicals renders a cost to the plant. This is particularly the case where the presence of herbivorous insects is not always predictable. For example, the production of nicotine in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has a function in plant defence. N. tabacum plants with a higher constitutive level of nicotine are less susceptible to insect herbivory. However, N. tabacum plants that produce a continually high level of nicotine flower significantly later than plants with lower levels of nicotine. This results suggest that there is a biosynthetic cost to constantly producing a high level of defensive chemicals. Inducible defences are advantageous as they reduce the metabolic load on the plant in conditions where such biological chemicals are not yet necessary. This is particularly the case for defensive chemicals containing nitrogen (e.g. alkaloids) as if the plant is not being attacked it is able to divert more nitrogen to producing rubisco and will therefore be able to grow faster and produce more seeds.

In addition to chemical defenses, herbivory can induce physical defenses, such as longer thorns, or indirect defenses, such as rewards for symbiotic ants.

Cost of induced defences

Central to the concept of induced defences is the cost involved when stimulating such defences in the absence of insect herbivores. After all, in the absence of cost, selection is expected to favour the most defended genotype. Accordingly, individual plants will only do so when there is a need to. The cost of induced defences to a plant can be quantified as the resource-based trade-off between resistance and fitness (allocation cost) or as the reduced fitness resulting from the interactions with other species or the environment (ecological cost).

Allocation cost is related to the channelling of a large quantity fitness-limited resources to form resistance traits in plants. Such resources might not be quickly recycled and thus, are unavailable for fitness-relevant process such as growth and reproduction. For instance, herbivory on the broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius) by the green dock beetle (Gastrophysa viridula) induces an increased activity in cell wall-bound peroxidase. The allocation of resources to this increased activity results in reduced leaf growth and expansion in R. obtusifolius. In the absence of herbivory, inducing such a defence would be ultimately costly to the plant in terms of development.

Ecological cost results from the disruption of the many symbiotic relationships that a plant has with the environment. For example, jasmonic acid can be used to simulate an herbivore attack on plants and thus, induce plant defences. The use of jasmonic acid on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) resulted in plants with fewer but larger fruits, longer ripening time, delayed fruit-set, fewer seeds per plant and fewer seeds per unit of fruit weight. All these features play a critical role in attracting seed dispersers. Due to the consequences of induced defences on fruit characteristics, L. esculentum are less able to attract seed dispersers and this ultimately results in a reduced fitness.

Sensing herbivory attack

Induced defences require plant sensing the nature of injury, such as wounding from herbivore attack as opposed to wounding from mechanical damage. Plants therefore use a variety of cues, including the sense of touch, and salivary enzymes of the attacking herbivore. For example, in a study to test whether plants can distinguish mechanical damage from insect herbivory attack, Korth and Dixon (1997) discovered that the accumulation of induce defence transcription products occurred more rapidly in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves chewed on by caterpillars than in leaves damaged mechanically.  Distinct signal transduction pathway are activated in response either to insect damage or mechanical damage in plants. While chemicals released in wounding responses are the same in both cases, the pathway in which they accumulate are separate. Not all herbivore attack begins with feeding, but with insects laying eggs on the plant. The adults of butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera), for example, do not feed on plants directly, but lay eggs on plants which are suitable food for their larva. In such cases, plants have been demonstrated to induce defences upon contact from the ovipositing of insects.

A mechanism of defence induction: changes in gene transcription rates

Systemically induced defences are at least in some cases the result of changes in the transcription rates of genes in a plant. Genes involved in this process may differ between species, but common to all plants is that systemically induced defences occur as a result of changes in gene expression. The changes in transcription can involve genes which either do not encode products involved in insect resistance, or are involved in general response to stress. In cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) photosynthetic genes are down-regulated, while genes directly involved in defences are up-regulated in response to insect attack. This allows more resources to be allocated to producing proteins directly involved in the resistance response. A similar response was reported in Arabidopsis plants where there is an up-regulation of all genes that are involved in defence. Such changes in the transcription rates are essential in inducing a change in the level of defence upon herbivory attack.

Classification of induced genes

Not all up-regulated genes in induced defences are directly involved in the production of toxins. The genes encoding newly synthesised proteins after a herbivory attack can be categorised based on the function of their transcriptional products. There are three broad classification categories: defence genes, signalling pathway genes and rerouting genes. The transcription of defensive gene produces either proteins that are directly involved in plant defence such as proteinase inhibitors or are enzymes that are essential for the production of such proteins. Signalling pathway genes are involved in transmitting the stimulus from the wounded regions to organs where defence genes are transcribed. These genes are essential in plants due to the constraints in the vascular systems of the plants. Finally, rerouting gene are responsible in allocating resources for metabolism from primary metabolites involved in photosynthesis and survival to defence genes.

See also
 Plant defense against herbivory
 Plant tolerance to herbivory
 Plant defense

References

Herbivory
Antipredator adaptations
Plant cognition


Obsessed is a 1992 television film directed by Jonathan Sanger and written by David Peckinpah.

Plot
Lorie Brindel is a young marine surveyor who is attracted to older men, including one of her clients, Ed Bledsoe, a much older and twice-divorced man. After some flirting during her assessment of his yacht, they begin to date. While he is away on a business trip, Lorie moves in without asking. Although unhappy about it, he eventually relents and allows her to stay. As times passes, Lorie becomes more controlling of her romance with Ed, demanding that he be with her at all hours as well as have nobody else in his life. Lorie soon completely unravels from Ed's lack of commitment, and she cannot stand it when he chooses a golf tournament with some friends over her romantic weekend. Ed, never sure about their relationship in the first place, decides he's had enough and orders her to move out that day.

Lorie cannot accept it's over and believes it's just a lovers' spat that will ultimately result in marriage. She calls at night, begging for another chance, but is refused. Though he denies any intention to see her, Ed checks up on Lorie and punches out a man who was harassing her. Feeling trapped, Ed entertains and eventually sleeps with Lorie again. He resolves to break it off the next day, but she calls throughout the night, phoning everyone she knows when he doesn't answer. Andie, Ed's daughter, convinces him to be harsh, and he informs Lorie that she needs to leave him alone or he'll change his number.

Feeling betrayed, Lorie makes two attempts to see Ed, first embarrassing him in front of his friends and a new woman, Louise, then showing up drunk and barely dressed for his birthday night where she is chased away by Andie. Rejected, Lorie tries to commit suicide. Ed feels guilty and visits the hospital to make sure she's stable, then leaves again without seeing her. In the doctor's office, Lorie describes to a psychiatrist what she thinks would have been the perfect romance, but is ultimately released.  Lorie becomes increasingly unstable, following Ed and threatening to destroy his possessions. She blows up his boat, and Ed finally reports her. However, the police are unable to help without proof.

Lorie is fired from her job due to her behavior, which she blames on Ed. At his house, she takes his handgun and waits. She then holds Andie hostage where Lorie tells her about her unhappy childhood and about how her own father neglected and abandoned her. As a result, Lorie then developed an unnatural attraction to older men whom she tries to mold each one in the image of her absent father. When Ed arrives, Lorie threatens to kill Andie despite pleas from Ed to lower the gun. Ed attacks and almost chokes Lorie to death before being pulled off by his daughter. Lorie is taken to another doctor's office but is hostile and refuses to cooperate. When she is led away to be committed to a mental hospital, she violently pulls her arm out of the guard's grasp.

In the final scene, set one year later, Ed has purchased a new yacht. He is now dating Louise and sees her as the best thing that ever happened to him. As he is looking at the scenery, he notices another yacht passing by with a woman on it. He makes eye contact only to discover it is Lorie in the company of another wealthy, older man.

Cast
 Shannen Doherty as Lorie Brindel
 William Devane as Ed Bledsoe
 Clare Carey as Andie Bledsoe
 James Handy as Jerry
 Lois Chiles as Louise

Reception
Tony Scott of Variety called a predictable film with "relentlessly tiring (and tiresome) excesses".  Tom Ensign of the Toledo Blade wrote, "What makes this film work is the reality of the situation."  Faye Zuckerman of The Daily Dispatch called it a "second-rate Fatal Attraction" with a "somewhat effective" performance from Doherty.

References

External links

1992 television films
1992 films
1990s romantic thriller films
ABC Motion Pictures films
Films scored by Lee Holdridge
American romantic thriller films
Films about stalking
American drama television films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


Amberoid (foaled 1963 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 1966 American Classic, the Belmont Stakes.

Amberoid was conditioned for racing by future Hall of Fame trainer Lucien Laurin and ridden primarily by another future Hall of Fame inductee, Bill Boland. Going into the 1966 U.S. Triple Crown series, Amberoid won the Wood Memorial Stakes. He then finished seventh in the Kentucky Derby and third in the Preakness Stakes before winning the final leg of the Triple Crown, the Belmont Stakes.

When his racing career was over, Amberoid stood at stud in the United States from 1969 to 1973, after which he stood in Japan until he died on June 30, 1985.

References

 Amberoid's pedigree and partial racing stats
 June 13, 1966 Sports Illustrated article on Amberoid's win in the Belmont Stakes
 Amberoid's profile at Classic Runners

1963 racehorse births
1985 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United States
Thoroughbred family 8-c
Byerley Turk sire line


William Harper "Bill" Carter (born August 15, 1939) is an American businessman and former child actor. Using the stage name Harper Carter, he acted in several films as a child, notably the 1953 film Titanic, and appeared in adult roles in the late 1960s and early 1970s in film and television. In 1974, he moved to Westlake Village, California, and began working in real estate. In 1992 he became executive vice president of Sotheby's International Realty. Teamed with a fellow real estate agent, he has listed and sold more than one billion dollars in property.

Early life
William Harper Carter was born on August 15, 1939, in Los Angeles, California.

Film career

As a child, Carter acted in both films and commercials. He is best known for his role as Norman Sturgess, the son of a fictional couple aboard the RMS Titanic, in the 1953 film Titanic. He received good reviews for his performance; The New York Times called him "manly" and a book review complimented him for showing "just the right amount of naivete and exuberance".

Business career
Carter moved to Westlake Village, California, in 1974. He began working in real estate, and in 1992 joined Young Realtors (today called Sotheby's International Realty) as Executive Vice President. In 2006 Sotheby's named him the Top Producer for Ventura County. Teamed with fellow real estate agent Michelle Ouellette, he has listed and sold more than one billion dollars worth of property.

Filmography

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male child actors
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American businesspeople
American real estate businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from California


Cui Youfu (崔祐甫) (721 – July 7, 780), courtesy name Yisun (貽孫), was a Chinese politician. He served as a chancellor briefly early during the reign of Emperor Dezong.  He was credited for governing in an effective manner and guiding Emperor Dezong to correct decisions that, for some time, evoked comparisons between Emperor Dezong and his well-regarded ancestors Emperor Taizong and Emperor Xuanzong.

Background
Cui Youfu was born in 721, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. His family was from "the second house of Boling" of the prominent Cui clan of Boling.  His grandfather, whose name was either Cui Zhi (崔晊) or Cui Hao (崔皓),  was a prefectural secretary general and carried the title of Duke of Anping.  His father Cui Mian (崔沔) served as Huangmen Shilang (黃門侍郎), the deputy head of the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng) and carried the title of Duke of Qinghe.  His household was said to prize its honesty, frugality, and rituals.

At some point, Cui Youfu passed the imperial examinations, and he later served as the sheriff of Shou'an County (壽安, in modern Luoyang, Henan).  When the rebel general An Lushan, in 755, captured Luoyang, then the Tang eastern capital, both officials and commoners fled Luoyang in earnest, but Cui, before doing so, risked being harmed during the battle and went back to his ancestral shrine to take the spirit tablets with him.  He later successively served an imperial archiver and a low-level official at the ministry of civil service affairs (吏部, Libu).  Later, he served as a commander at Yongping Circuit (永平, then headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan) and then Yongping Circuit's liaison officer at the Tang capital Chang'an.  He was known for his integrity and bluntness.

During Emperor Daizong's reign
Sometime before 777, Cui Youfu became a Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng).  Later, as there was no Zhongshu Ling (中書令, head of the legislative bureau) or Zhongshu Shilang (中書侍郎, deputy head of the legislative bureau) at the time, Cui Youfu, as the senior Zhongshu Sheren effectively ran the legislative bureau.  After Chang Gun became chancellor in 777, however, Chang, pointing out that his responsibility as chancellor included responsibility to oversee the legislative bureau as well, took over the responsibilities from Cui and removed Cui's desk, drawing Cui's resentment. Chang tried to defuse it by putting Cui in charge of selecting officials at the ministry of civil service affairs, but they often ran into disputes as to which officials to select.  In 778, there was an incident when the general Zhu Ci submitted what he thought to be a sign of fortune — a mouse living peacefully with a cat and her kittens. Chang considered this a sign of fortune and congratulated Emperor Daizong, but Cui, argued that this was against the cat's nature and was a sign that officials were not carrying out their responsibilities.  Emperor Daizong agreed, but this agreement further drew anger from Chang.

During Emperor Dezong's reign
Emperor Daizong died in 779 and was succeeded by his son Emperor Dezong.  During Emperor Daizong's mourning period, Chang Gun and Cui Youfu got into a serious conflict over how many days the officials should wear mourning clothes.  Chang advocated that because, by custom, Emperor Dezong was to wear mourning clothes for 27 days, so should the officials.  Cui advocated that, because Emperor Daizong's will specified three days, the officials should wear the mourning clothes for three days.  Chang got sufficiently angry over the argument that he submitted an accusation against Cui, stating that Cui had frivolously changed the proper regulation of the rites and requesting that Cui be demoted to be the prefect of Chao Prefecture (潮州, in modern  Chaozhou, Guangdong).  Emperor Dezong, believing the demotion to be too severe, only ordered that Cui be demoted to be the deputy mayor of Henan Municipality (河南), encompassing the eastern capital Luoyang.

However, it would be this article of accusation that would be Chang's downfall.  Chang was effectively serving as the only chancellor at the time, but Guo Ziyi and Zhu Ci, due to their battlefield accomplishments, also carried chancellor titles but were not exercising chancellor authorities.  Pursuant to the customs at the time, Chang, in the article of accusation, also signed Guo's and Zhu's names for them.  Once the demotion of Cui was announced, however, Guo and Zhu both submitted defenses of Cui — surprising Emperor Dezong, who asked them why they had asked for Cui's demotion and then defended him; they responded that they did not know about the accusation.  Emperor Dezong, who was not familiar with the customs that one chancellor should sign for other chancellors, believed Chang to have falsified Guo's and Zhu's signatures.  He immediately ordered that Chang be demoted to be the prefect of Chao Prefecture and recalled Cui to serve as Menxia Shilang (門下侍郎), the deputy head of the examination bureau, and further gave him the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto.  However, Emperor Dezong still accepted Chang's proposal as to the mourning period.

While Chang served as chancellor, he set strict guidelines for the commissioning of officials, to reform the corruption that had become rampant during the administrations of prior chancellors Yuan Zai and Wang Jin.  As a result, however, many offices were left unfilled as strict examinations were carried out of the candidates.  After Cui became chancellor, he quickly filled the offices with people he recommended, and within 200 days, he commissioned over 800 officials.  While he was praised for his quick reaction for this in the Old Book of Tang, the author of the Zizhi Tongjian (the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang) criticized him for overreaction to Chang's own overreaction to Yuan and Wang, and further criticized him for overly relying on commissions of people that he knew — which he had defended as necessary for him to know their virtues and their abilities.  Cui subsequently participated in the removal of the imperial guard general Wang Jiahe (王駕鶴), who had commanded the imperial guards for more than a decade, by summoning Wang to his office for a lengthy meeting, allowing Emperor Dezong's intended replacement, Bai Zhizhen (白志貞), to take over Wang's office during the meeting.

Meanwhile, the military governor (Jiedushi) Li Zhengji, who had ruled his Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong) as his own realm semi-independent from imperial rule, had wanted to placate Emperor Dezong by offering a large tribute in money.  Emperor Dezong considered accepting it, but was concerned that if he publicly did so, Li Zhengji might renege and use this incident to humiliate him.  Cui suggested that Emperor Dezong issue an edict accepting the tribute and immediately awarding the tribute to Pinglu soldiers, to show that the emperor had concern for Pinglu soldiers and to show the other circuits that he did not love money.  Emperor Dezong agreed, and this handling much impressed and embarrassed Li Zhengji.

In fall 779, by Cui's recommendation, Emperor Dezong made Yang Yan a chancellor as well, and he also made another senior official, Qiao Lin, a chancellor as well.  Meanwhile, he and Yang disagreed as to whether a high-level official who had been in charge of economic matters, Liu Yan, should be investigated for having supported making Emperor Daizong's favorite concubine Consort Dugu empress during Emperor Daizong's reign.  (As Consort Dugu was not Emperor Dezong's mother and had her own son, Li Jiong (李迥) the Prince of Han, it was believed that such a move would have potentially endangered Emperor Dezong's position.)  Yang, who was an associate of Yuan's and who believed that Liu was responsible for Yuan's fall from grace and death, wanted to investigate Liu to avenge Yuan, but Cui rebuffed him.

By winter 779, Cui was seriously ill.  Emperor Dezong allowed him to come to office in a litter.  Whenever Cui had to be home due to illness, Emperor Dezong sent eunuchs to Cui's mansion to request his opinions on important matters.  With Cui ill, however, Yang was largely in control of the government.  Cui died in summer 780.  He was buried with great honors and was given the posthumous name Wenzhen (文貞, meaning "civil and honest").  As he was sonless, he designated his nephew Cui Zhi as his heir.  (Cui Zhi would later serve as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong's great-grandson Emperor Muzong.)  During the time Cui was chancellor, he encouraged Emperor Dezong to be lenient, causing Emperor Dezong to be compared to his highly regarded ancestors Emperor Taizong and Emperor Xuanzong.

Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 119.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 142.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 225, 226.

721 births
780 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Dezong of Tang
Cui clan of Boling


Craig Dally was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 138th District. Dally was first elected in 1996 and was in office until 2010. Dally resigned on January 4 after being elected a judge for the 3rd District of the Northampton County Court of Common Pleas.

Career
Dally is a practicing attorney and member of the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Northampton County Bar Associations.  He is admitted to practice before all the courts of Pennsylvania, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and the United States Supreme Court.

Personal
Dally graduated from Pen Argyl Area High School.  He received his Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics and Business from Lafayette College and earned his law degree from Villanova University School of Law.

Dally served on the board of directors of the Nazareth YMCA, including a stint as president from 1995 to 1996.  He is a former director of the Big Brothers and Big Sisters of the Lehigh Valley and is also on the board of the Two Rivers Health and Wellness Foundation and the board of Moravian Hall Square Retirement Community. Additionally, he was a former councilman for the Borough of Pen Argyl.

Dally and his wife reside in Bushkill Township, Northampton County.  They have two daughters.

References

External links
Representative Dally's site official caucus site

1956 births
Lafayette College alumni
Living people
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Pennsylvania district justices
Villanova University School of Law alumni


Aghstafa Airport  is an airport serving the city of Aghstafa in Azerbaijan.

References

Airports in Azerbaijan


In mathematics, particularly topology, a cosmic space is any topological space that is a continuous image of some separable metric space. Equivalently (for regular T1 spaces but not in general), a space is cosmic if and only if it has a countable network; namely a countable collection of subsets of the space such that any open set is the union of a subcollection of these sets.

Cosmic spaces have several interesting properties. There are a number of unsolved problems about them.

Examples and properties

 Any open subset of a cosmic space is cosmic since open subsets of separable spaces are separable.
 Separable metric spaces are trivially cosmic.

Unsolved problems

It is unknown as to whether X is cosmic if:

a) X2 contains no uncountable discrete space;

b) the countable product of X with itself is hereditarily separable and hereditarily Lindelöf.

References

External links
 A book of unsolved problems in topology; see page 91 for cosmic spaces

Topology
Topological spaces


Balakan Airport () is an airport serving Balakan, the capital of the Balakan District of Azerbaijan.

Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of  above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 13/31 with an asphalt surface measuring .

References

Airports in Azerbaijan
Balakan District


Lankaran International Airport (, ),  is an airport serving Lankaran, a city in Azerbaijan in the south-east of Azerbaijan. Reconstruction of the Lankaran airport started in 2005 and finished in 2008, when the Lankaran airport received the status of an international airport.

Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of  above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 15/33 with an asphalt surface measuring .

Airlines and destinations

Statistics

See also
 Transport in Azerbaijan
 List of airports in Azerbaijan

References

Airports in Azerbaijan
Lankaran


Yevlax Airport ()  is an airport serving the city of Yevlax, Azerbaijan.

See also
List of airports in Azerbaijan

Airports in Azerbaijan


Island FM is an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting across the Bailiwick of Guernsey on 104.7FM and 93.7FM in Alderney.

Launched in 1992, Island FM remains the sole commercial station in the island and continues to be extremely successful with high listenership figures.

Listening figures under a 2018 RAJAR survey showed that out of a population of 53,000 adults, 31,000 listened each week, at an average of 11.6 hours per person giving a 37% market share.

As of September 2023, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 29,000 with a listening share of 28.8%, according to RAJAR.

History
Island FM was founded by Guernsey businessman Kevin Stewart, who was the station's Managing Director until 2002.

In February 1998, Sir Ray Tindle acquired Island FM and the station became the first part of the Tindle Radio Group, which later went on to purchase Jersey's Channel 103

In late 2020, Island FM became a part of Bauer's Hits Radio Network for commercial sales. It remains owned by Tindle with no shared programming.

Island FM began digital radio transmissions, alongside Channel 103, on 1 August 2021 with the launch of the local Ofcom-licensed DAB multiplex for the Channel Islands.

Programming

Island FM's core audience is the 15-45 age group, playing contemporary hits - predominantly from the 1980s to the present day.

News bulletins are presented locally from 6am until 6pm, Monday to Friday. The station's weekend news service broadcasts local content, presented either from Jersey or Guernsey from 8am until noon. Sky News provides the service outside these times.

Transmission
Island FM has broadcast on 104.7 FM in Guernsey and 93.7 FM in Alderney since launching in 1992.

The station began DAB+ transmissions, alongside those of Channel 103, on 1 August 2021 with the launch of the local Ofcom-licensed DAB multiplex for the Channel Islands. This service is radiated from transmitters at Les Touillets in Guernsey and Les Platons in Jersey.

References

External links
 Official site

Radio stations in Guernsey


The 2009 FA Cup final was the 128th final of the world's oldest domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. The final was played at Wembley Stadium in London on 30 May 2009 and marked the third time that the final has been staged at the stadium since it was rebuilt. The match was contested by Chelsea, who beat Arsenal 2–1 in their semi-final, and Everton who beat Manchester United 4–2 on penalties after a 0–0 draw after extra time. After Louis Saha opened the scoring after just 25 seconds, which is the second fastest ever goal in an FA Cup Final, Didier Drogba equalised in the 21st minute before Frank Lampard scored the winner with 19 minutes left to play to give Chelsea their fifth FA Cup success.

Background
Chelsea went into the match as four-time FA Cup winners, having previously won in 1970, 1997, 2000 and 2007, while Everton had won the competition five times previously, having won in 1906, 1933, 1966, 1984 and 1995. Coincidentally, both teams' most recent titles came in the FA Cup, both teams beating Manchester United in the final; Everton in 1995 and Chelsea in 2007.

The two teams drew 0–0 in both meetings during the 2008–09 Premier League season, at Goodison Park in December and at Stamford Bridge in April. Prior to the 2009 final, the two teams had never met in the FA Cup Final; their most recent meeting in the FA Cup came in the Fourth Round of the 2005–06 competition, when Chelsea won 4–1 in a replay at Stamford Bridge after a 1–1 draw at Goodison Park. In 157 matches between the two sides in all competitions, Chelsea had recorded 61 wins, Everton had won 49, and 47 matches finished as draws.

Route to the final

 Both clubs received a bye to round three.
 In square brackets is a letter that represents the opposition's division
 [PL] = Premier League
 [C] = Championship
 [L1] = League One
 [L2] = League Two

Pre-match

Ticketing
Everton and Chelsea were each allocated 25,109 tickets for the final. Having sold over 32,000 for their semi-final win over Manchester United, Everton were unhappy and disappointed with this allocation. The match was Everton's first FA Cup final in 14 years and Everton chief executive Robert Elstone predicted that the club could have sold in excess of 70,000 tickets for this game. Chelsea also said that the size of their allocation meant that it was unlikely that there would be sufficient tickets for all of their hospitality and non-hospitality season ticket holders.

Club Wembley ten-year season ticket holders were also guaranteed a ticket for the match. After those tickets were allocated, 70% of the remaining tickets were distributed amongst the clubs that had competed in the 2008–09 competition, with the other 30% given to those involved in grassroots football and the "football family".

Kits
Since both finalists' first-choice kits are predominantly blue, a coin was tossed to determine which team would have the first choice of kit. Everton won the toss and chose to wear their traditional blue kit, meaning that Chelsea would wear their all-yellow third-choice kit. Chelsea were nevertheless given the "home" dressing room, i.e. that used by the England national team.

Match ball
The official match ball of the 2009 FA Cup Final was the Umbro Dynamis. The Dynamis uses a 20-panel configuration, as opposed to a more traditional 32-panel design, which allegedly makes the ball faster. The surface of the ball is made from a Teijin microfibre material. The Dynamis was also used in the 2008 final, but the 2009 version has a gold colourway.

Opening ceremony
The traditional FA Cup Final song, Abide With Me, was performed by the London Community Gospel Choir. The trophy was then brought out onto the field, followed by the two teams, before the Chief Guest of the final – former Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan – was introduced to the managers and players of both teams, as well as the match officials. The introductions were immediately followed by the singing of the national anthem, "God Save the Queen", sung by Britain's Got Talent 2008 finalist, 13-year-old Faryl Smith, making her the youngest performer of the national anthem at the FA Cup final.

Match

Team selection

Everton were without long-term injury victims Phil Jagielka, Mikel Arteta, Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Victor Anichebe and Nuno Valente. On-loan Brazilian striker Jô was cup-tied. Andy van der Meyde, who set up the winning goal in the fourth round tie with Liverpool, had since been released by the club. This meant that there was a place on the Everton bench for 17-year-old winger Jose Baxter.

Summary

First half
Louis Saha scored for Everton with a left-footed shot to the bottom-left corner just 25 seconds into the match, at that point the fastest goal in FA Cup Final history until Ilkay Gundogan scored after 13 seconds in the 2023 FA Cup Final. The previous fastest goal was by Bob Chatt of Aston Villa 30 seconds into the 1895 final. Tony Hibbert received a yellow card for tripping Florent Malouda in the eighth minute. Didier Drogba levelled the match for Chelsea in the 21st minute with a header set up by a left-wing cross from Malouda.

Second half
Tony Hibbert was replaced by Lars Jacobsen for Everton to begin the second half, and two minutes in, Toffees captain Phil Neville was booked. Chelsea replaced Michael Essien with Michael Ballack in the 61st minute, followed two minutes later by a yellow card for Mikel John Obi. Frank Lampard scored the winning goal for Chelsea in the 72nd minute with a left foot shot. Five minutes later, a shot from Malouda appeared to crash down off the bar and over the line, but it was not given. Everton replaced Saha with James Vaughan at that point. Dan Gosling was the last substitute for Everton in the 81st minute, replacing Leon Osman. Lampard received a yellow card in the 84th minute, while in the fourth minute of added time, Leighton Baines of Everton was booked.

Details

Statistics

Records
Louis Saha scored the fastest ever FA Cup Final goal when he drove home with just 25 seconds on the clock to put Everton ahead. This was later broken in 2023 when İlkay Gündoğan scored after 12 seconds for Manchester City against Manchester United.
Ashley Cole collected his fifth FA Cup winners' medal, and became the first man to win the cup five times since the 19th century.
Everton's defeat meant that they finished as FA Cup runners-up for the eighth time, more than any other club.

References

Sources
Chelsea - Everton 2-1

2009
Final
Fa Cup Final 2009
Fa Cup Final 2009
Fa Cup Final
Events at Wembley Stadium
Fa Cup Final


Baku Kala Air Base is a military airbase in Baku (also known as Bakü or Baki), the capital of Azerbaijan.

The 518th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the PVO was located at Baku Kala from 1949 to 1952.

After the collapse of the Soviet Armed Forces, aircraft were relocated to airfields in Russia, and the Azerbaijani Air Force used the airport. Currently, the 843rd Mixed Aviation Regiment of the Azerbaijani Air Force is located here.

Facilities
The air base resides at an elevation of  above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with a concrete surface measuring .

See also
List of airports in Azerbaijan

References

Airports in Azerbaijan
Soviet Air Force bases
Soviet Air Defence Force bases
Azerbaijani Air Force bases
Transport in Baku


Barry Malcolm McCoy (born 14 December 1940 in Trenton, New Jersey) is an American physicist, known for his contributions to  classical statistical mechanics, integrable models and conformal field theories.

He earned a B.Sc. from California Institute of Technology (1963),
and a Ph.D. from Harvard University (1967), the thesis entitled
Spin Correlations of the Two Dimensional Ising Model advised by Tai Tsun Wu.
The two of them also wrote the book The Two Dimensional Ising Model (Harvard University Press, 1973).

He then joined the institute for theoretical physics at State University of New York at Stony Brook (1967).
where he has since been, now as a distinguished professor.
McCoy was visiting at  Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Kyoto several times (first in 1980),
the Institute Henri Poincaré and the Australian National University.

In 1998 McCoy, was with Alexander Berkovich, an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin. With colleagues Tai Tsun Wu and Alexander Zamolodchikov, he was awarded the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics 1999, for "his work on the statistical mechanics of the Ising model,
including boundary critical phenomena, randomly layered systems which have Griffiths-McCoy singularities,
the Painleve representation of the two point function, quadratic difference equations for the n-point functions,
and the Ising model in a magnetic field. Dr. McCoy has in addition made contributions to the study of quantum spin chains, and the Fermionic representations of conformal field theory, and has been a co-discoverer of the integrable chiral Potts model. He has also worked extensively in quantum field theory and more recently has become known for his mathematical work in nonlinear differential equations and the theory of Rogers-Ramanujan identities".

His doctoral students include Rinat Kedem, Anne Schilling, and Craig Tracy.

References

21st-century American physicists
Mathematical physicists
California Institute of Technology alumni
Harvard University alumni
Stony Brook University faculty
1941 births
Living people
Physicists from New Jersey


Dallar Air Base is a military airbase in Dallar (also known as Dəllər), a town in the Shamkir District (rayon) in Azerbaijan. From 1955 to 1992, the 882nd Independent Tilzitskiy Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment of the 34th Air Army, Transcaucasian Military District, was located at the base. It flew Yak-28PPs, (transferred to the 151st OAPREB), MiG-25RBs, 1984?-1992, and Su-24MRs, 1987–1992. It was equipped with 16 MiG-25RB and 11 Su-24MR [CFE treaty data exchange] in November 1990.
It was disbanded in 1992, with a directive to that effect being issued on 29 July 1992.

See also
List of airports in Azerbaijan

References

Airports in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Air Force bases
Shamkir District


Kurdamir Air Base is a military airbase in Kurdamir (also known as Kyurdamir or Kürdəmir), the capital of the Kurdamir District (rayon) in Azerbaijan.

At the end of the 1980s the 976 Bomber Aviation Regiment Инстербургский flying Sukhoi Su-24 and Sukhoi Su-17 aircraft was based at Kurdamir. The regiment, which was descended from the 976th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the World War II period, was part of the 34th Air Army of the Soviet Air Forces.

See also
List of airports in Azerbaijan

References

Airports in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Air Force bases
Kurdamir District


Nasosnaya Air Base is a military airbase in the municipality of Hacı Zeynalabdin, near the city of Sumqayit in Azerbaijan.

In July 1940, the 50th Fighter Aviation Regiment became part of the 27th Fighter Aviation Division of the Transcaucasus (ZKVO) Air Force at the Nasosnaya airfield. Two squadrons re-equipped from I-15bis to I-153.

The 82nd Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO of the Soviet Air Defence Forces was stationed at the base for decades, possibly since 1945. Since 1977 it flew Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 long-range interceptors. The regiment may have been disbanded in 1993, but MiG-25s continued to be operated by the Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force for several years afterwards.

See also
List of airports in Azerbaijan

References

Airports in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Air Force bases
Sumgait
Former Soviet military air bases in Azerbaijan


These are the results of the women's K-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 1996 Summer Olympics. The K-1 (kayak single) event is raced by one-person kayaks through a whitewater course.  The venue for the 1996 Olympic competition was at the Toccoa/Ocoee River along the Georgia-Tennessee state line.

Medalists

Results
The 30 competitors each took two runs through the whitewater slalom course on July 27. The best time of the two runs counted for the event.

The gold medal was decided in a tie-breaker.

References

1996 Summer Olympics official report Volume 3. p. 162.
1996 women's slalom K-1 results
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Women's Kayak Slalom Singles". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 496.

Women's Slalom K-1
Olympic
Women's events at the 1996 Summer Olympics


Stepanakert Airport () or Khojaly Airport () is an airport in the town of Khojaly, 10 kilometers north-east of Stepanakert, Azerbaijan. The airport, in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, was under the control of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh from 1992 to 2023. Flights ceased with the escalation of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1990.

In 2009, the Armenian authorities began the reconstruction of the facilities. Though it was scheduled to launch the first commercial flights on May 9, 2011, NKR officials postponed the new reopening date throughout 2011. In May 2012, the director of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Civil Aviation Administration, Tigran Gabrielyan, announced that the airport would begin operations in mid-2012. However, after the objections from Azerbaijan Government, IATA never issued an airport code and the airport remained closed.

Azerbaijan took control of the airport following the  dissolution of Artsakh Republic in September 2023.

Facilities
The airport is located at an elevation of  above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 05/23 with an asphalt surface measuring .

History
By the end of 1980 the airport served regular passenger flights from Yerevan to Stepanakert. With the escalation of the Karabakh conflict, the authorities of the Azerbaijan SSR blockaded the Armenian SSR; the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (or NKAO) airport was the only means of communication with the outside world from the Karabakh region. The airport has been under the control of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic since the ceasefire agreement of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994.

Renovation
In 2009, the construction of a new passenger terminal began. Repair work was also conducted on the main runway. According to Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Urban Development Minister Karen Shahramanian, the terminal building would be completed in November 2010; however this was delayed until April 2011.  Air navigation equipment was also installed. The authorities claim that the renovated airport will be capable of receiving 200 passengers every hour.

On April 5, 2011, it was announced that the opening of the airport had been postponed. Dmitry Adbashyan, the head of NKR Civil Aviation Service announced that the airport launch would take place in summer of 2011. NKR officials also insisted that the postponement was not related to the ongoing dispute with Azerbaijan.

Reactions
Shortly after the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Civil Aviation Department's statement announcing the May 9, 2011 opening date, Arif Mammadov, director of Azerbaijan's Civil Aviation Administration warned that according to aviation laws, flights from Yerevan to Stepanakert are not authorized and may be shot down.

The NKR response came from David Babayan, head of the central information department of the NKR President's office, who said that the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army "will give an adequate response" if Azerbaijan attempts to shoot down an aircraft. President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan condemned the threat to shoot down civilian aircraft, dismissing it as "nonsense". Sargsyan also said that he would be the first passenger of the inaugural Yerevan-Stepanakert flight.

The Azerbaijani presidential administration condemned Sargsyan's statement as a provocation on the part of Armenia. A few days later, Elkhan Polukhov, spokesman for the Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry, declared that “Azerbaijan did not and will not use force against civil facilities.”

The United States Assistant Secretary, Philip Gordon, as well as then ambassadors to Azerbaijan and Armenia, Matthew Bryza and Marie L. Yovanovitch, respectively, characterized Azerbaijan's threat as "unacceptable"; and advised that issues related to the security of the airport should be solved before its opening.

The OSCE Minsk Group, which mediates the conflict, reaffirmed that the operation of this airport could not be used to support any claim of a change in the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and urged the sides to act in accordance with international law and consistent with current practice for flights over their territory.

The United States ambassador to Azerbaijan Richard Morningstar stated in November 2012 he was "convinced that the functioning of the airport would not help the peace process."

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, who stated “that such provocative actions will not serve to promote the peaceful settlement of the Karabakh conflict," and called on Armenia "to stop such provocative steps.” The GUAM's Secretary General Valeri Chechelashvili responded by stating that the airport was within the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Azerbaijan and can not operate without Azerbaijan's permission.

On April 14, 2011, 23 members out of 324 from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) endorsed a declaration condemning "the construction by Armenia of an airport in the occupied Azerbaijani territories."

The Turkish government condemned the efforts of Armenia to open the airport, and reiterated that it will close its air space to Armenia, if the opening goes ahead.

Airlines and destinations
It was expected that the airport would have regular flight services only to Yerevan, Armenia, with state-owned carrier Artsakh Air. Created on January 26, 2011, it intended to purchase three Bombardier CRJ200 jets in 2011. Officials have only stated that a one-way air ticket to the Armenian capital will cost 16,000 drams (US$45). As of December 2021, flights had not started.

See also

 Transport in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
 List of airports in Armenia
 List of airports in Azerbaijan
 List of airports in the Republic of Artsakh
 Transport in Armenia
 Transport in Azerbaijan

Notes

External links

 Stepanakert Airport: How Armenians Hoodwinked Soviet Azerbaijan and Rebuilt Vital Transport Link

Airports in Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh
Buildings and structures in Stepanakert
Airports in the Republic of Artsakh
Military of the Republic of Artsakh
Defunct airports


is a role-playing video game for MSX home computers and is the first game in the Cosmic Soldier series. It was published in 1985 by Kogado Studio. The game was ported to the NEC PC-8801 with an updated interface and graphics.

The game uses a dialog conversation system, where the player can recruit allies by speaking to them, choose whether to kill or spare an enemy, and engage enemies in conversation, similar to the later Megami Tensei franchise. Battles are fought in a turn-based style. The game displays some nudity on the title screen.

Legacy
The 1987 sequel, Psychic War: Cosmic Soldier 2, was originally released for the MSX2 computer in Japan. In America, the game was released by Kyodai, and they changed the name to Psychic War and released the game for MS-DOS computers. The MS-DOS version censors Kayla's clothing. It changed the turn-based combat of its predecessor to a unique "tug of war" style real-time combat system, where battles are a clash of energy between the party and the enemy, with the player needing to push the energy towards the enemy to strike them, while being able to use a shield to block or a suction ability to absorb the opponent's power. The game also improves upon the conversation system of its predecessor and more closely resembles the one in Digital Devil Story: Megami Tensei released around the same time.

References

External links
Cosmic Soldier series  at Hardcore Gaming 101
GameFAQs

1985 video games
DOS games
Erotic video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Kogado Studio games
MSX2 games
NEC PC-8801 games
Role-playing video games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Japan


Michael T. "Mike" Peifer (born 1968) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 139th legislative district from 2006 to 2023.

Biography
Prior to elective office, Peifer attended Wallenpaupack Area High School. He attended Rider College on a baseball scholarship and earned a degree in accounting. Peifer worked for Price Waterhouse LLP, eventually rising to the level of a senior tax consultant as a Certified Public Accountant. In 1995, Peifer opened his own accounting and tax firm in his hometown of Greentown, Pennsylvania. Peifer served as Pike County treasurer from 1999 through 2006.

As a state representative, served on the board of the Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency from 2011 through 2022, including as the board's chair in 2017-2020 and 2022. Peifer also served as a deputy whip for the House Republican Caucus during the 2015-16 session.

Peifer did not seek reelection to the Pennsylvania State House in 2022. After leaving office, Peifer joined Novak Strategic Advisors as a Senior Advisor in February 2023.

References

External links
Pennsylvania House of Representatives - Michael Peifer official PA House website
Pennsylvania House Republican Caucus - Representative Michael Peifer official Party website

 http://www.reppeifer.com/bio.aspx

Living people
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Rider University alumni
1968 births
People from Pike County, Pennsylvania
21st-century American politicians


Papyrus 5 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by siglum , is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John dating palaeographically to the early 3rd century. The papyrus is housed in the British Library. It has survived in a very fragmentary condition.

The text of the manuscript was reconstructed several times. Textually it is very close to Codex Sinaiticus, but with some exceptions.

Description
The manuscript is a fragment of three leaves, written in one column per page, 27 lines per page. The surviving text of John are verses 1:23-31,33-40; 16:14-30; 20:11-17,19-20,22-25.

It was written in a documentary hand, in a round, upright uncial of medium size. It uses the nomina sacra with abbreviations (     ), though not for ανθρωπος.

There is a tendency to brevity, especially in omitting unnecessary pronouns and conjunctions.

Text
According to reconstruction of Philip W. Comfort

Scribes and Correctors
In John 1:38 "οι δε" was added superlineary; αυ was deleted by dots above the letters.

In John 16:19 "ο" was added superlineary.

In John 16:29 αυτω was added superlineary.

In John 20:19 και was added superlineary.

Textual character

In John 1:34 it reads ὁ ἐκλεκτός together with the manuscripts , א, b, e, ff2, syrc, s.

In John 16:17 at line 7 of the recto of the second fragment there appears to be extra space which would require some additional material.

In John 16:20, λυπηθησεσθε originally read λουπηθησεσθε, to which the scribe corrected to λυπηθησεσθε. In 16:21, λυπην originally read λοιπην, to which the scribe corrected to λυπην. In 16:27, it singularly omits εγω. In 20:19 the scribe originally omitted και, but then added it superlinearly later on.

At line 19 of the third folio of the recto (John 20:16) the missing fragment is difficult for a reconstruction. Grenfell & Hunt remarked that there is no space for the ordinary reading ο λεγεται διδασκαλε because a line should have 34 letters, which is too long. Grenfell & Hunt rejected another possible reading  διδασκαλε, which is found in Codex Bezae (possible conflation), and proposed  alone, because Domine is found in Codex Vercellensis and in Codex Usserianus I, but in the reconstructed text of the manuscript they did not decide to include this proposed variant to the text:
 αρω [λεγει αυτη  μαριαμ στραφει
 [σα εκεινη λεγει αυτω εβραιστι ραβ
 β[ουνι . . . . . . . . . . . λεγει αυτη

All the editors agree that the space is insufficient for ο λεγεται διδασκαλε (John 20,16) but  alone is too short and it is not supported by any Greek manuscript. Elliott & Parker have suggested ο λεγεται . It was supported by Peter Head. Comfort proposed  μου though this reading is not supported by any known Greek manuscript. It is close for  διδασκαλε of Codex Bezae and Old-Latin Magister Domine or Domine.

The Greek text of this codex is representative of the Western text-type. Aland ascribed it as a "Normal text", and placed it in Category I. It stays in close agreement with Codex Sinaiticus against Codex Vaticanus (e.g. John 1:27.34; 16:22.27.28; 20:25). "This agreement is unfortunately obscured by mutilation".

History
The manuscript was discovered at the end of the 19th century by Grenfell and Hunt in Oxyrhynchus, Egypt. The first and third leaves were published in Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Part II (1899), no. 208. Gregory classified it under number 5 on his list.
The second leaf (John 16:14-30) was published in 1922 as Oxyrhynchus no. 1781.

It was examined by Grenfell, Hunt, Wessely, Schofield, Comfort, and Barrett.

It is currently housed at the British Library (Inv. nos. 782, 2484) in London.

See also
 John 1, John 16, John 20
 List of New Testament papyri
 Oxyrhynchus papyri
 Oxyrhynchus Papyri 159 through 207
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 209

References

Further reading

 C. R. Gregory, "Textkritik des Neuen Testaments", Leipzig 1909, vol. 3, p. 1085.

 Karl Wessely, Les plus anciens monuments du christianisme, PO 4/2 (1907), pp. 145–148.

External links

Image from , John 1:33-40
Image from , John 16:14-22
Image from , John 16:22-30

New Testament papyri
208
3rd-century biblical manuscripts
Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament
British Library collections
Gospel of John papyri


The Girl from Dabancheng (), also known as "" (), is a popular Uyghur folk song about the Uyghur youth's yearning for a beautiful woman named Qemberxan.

In 1938, it was adapted into Mandarin Chinese by Wang Luobin and was sung in Lanzhou under the title "Song of the Coachman" (). It became the first Uyghur folk song translated into Chinese in modern China. Later, Wang Luobin's lyrics were modified and the work was renamed "The Girl from Dabancheng"; some had renamed it to "The Girl from Hangzhou" with the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. The song was later adapted in various forms. One performance of the song won an award in Pyongyang, North Korea in 2001.

One of the early recordings of the song was done by a German ethnomusicologist on the singing of a Turpan Taranchi farmer's 16-year-old daughter. The song was most likely composed by a Uyghur soldier back in the time of Yaqub Beg, when the soldier was posted from southern Xinjiang to the north (Ili) or east (Turpan). Indeed, there are many songs dated back that time associated with a soldier's courtship, such as Havagul (mispronounced and adapted by Wang Luobin as Avargul), which talks about a girl in Ili. However, "Qemberxan" talks about a girl in Dabancheng (or Davanching in the Uyghur language) which lies between Turpan and Urumqi, and is a district of Urumqi. This district is well known as an entrepot on inter-oasis travel. The reputation of the beauty of local girls is partly due to the mixing among the different populations that traveled through it.

Lyrics

Uyghur original

Lyrics by Wang Luobin

English Translation
The soil of the Davanching is hard
But the water melon is sweet
My darling is in Davanching
Qambarhan is so sweet.
Qambarhan’s hair is so long

It touches the ground
Please ask darling Qambarhan
Does she want to get a husband.
My tiny pearls spilled on the ground
Please help me to pick them up

I’d like to kiss you, but can’t reach
Please bow your head down.
One can ride a horse
Around icy mountains.
One tortures a good soul

By an evil man
It is hard to see
No matter how hard I look.
The separation with Qambarhan.
Is extremely hard to endure

References

Chinese folk songs
Year of song unknown
Songs about China
Songs about East Asian people
Songwriter unknown
Uyghur culture


The following is a list of works by American author Stephen Crane.

Novels
—. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. New York: [printer unknown], 1893.
—. The Red Badge of Courage. New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1895.
—. George's Mother. New York: Edward Arnold, 1896.
—. The Third Violet. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1897.
—. Active Service. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1899.
Crane, Stephen and Robert Barr. The O'Ruddy. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1903.

Short story collections
—. The Little Regiment and Other Episodes from the American Civil War. New York: Appleton, 1896.
—. The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure. New York: Doubleday & McClure, 1898.
—. The Monster and Other Stories. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1899. (Contains only The Monster, "The Blue Hotel", and "His New Mittens".)
—. Whilomville Stories. New York and London: Harper, 1900.
—. Wounds in the Rain: War Stories. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1900.
—. Great Battles of the World. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1901.
—. The Monster. London: Harper, 1901. (Contains The Monster, "The Blue Hotel", "His New Mittens", "Twelve O'Clock", "Moonlight on the Snow", "Manacled", and "An Illusion in Red and White".)
—. Last Words. London, 1902.

Poetry collections
—. The Black Riders and Other Lines. Boston: Copeland and Day, 1895.
—. War is Kind and Other Lines. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1899.

Unfinished works
Sources report that following an encounter with a male prostitute in the spring of 1894, Crane began a novel on the subject entitled Flowers of Asphalt. He reportedly abandoned the project and the manuscript has never been recovered.

Notes

References
Stallman, R. W. (1972). Stephen Crane: A Critical Bibliography. Iowa State University. .
Wertheim, Stanley (1997). A Stephen Crane Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. .
Williams, Ames William (1970). Stephen Crane: A Bibliography. New York: Ayer Publishing. .

External links

Works by Stephen Crane at Internet Archive

Bibliographies by writer
Bibliographies of American writers
Poetry bibliographies


Rottnest Island Airport  is a small airport for light aircraft, situated about  from the main settlement at Thomson Bay, Rottnest Island and  northwest of Fremantle. Daily air services operate to the island. In the past these have been from Perth Airport, but in recent years have been mainly from Jandakot.

The single  runway runs east–west and is situated behind Thomsons Bay and south of Government House Lake. Part of the lake was resumed for the construction of the airport runway. The Oliver Hill railway line runs south of and parallel to the runway.

The airport opened in November 1930 and has been used regularly since then for private and small commercial operations, ferrying workers and holiday makers between Perth and the island.

Commercial services

At one stage, the  Perth to Rottnest flight was the world's shortest scheduled air route.

Woods Airways which was run by pioneer aviator Jimmy Woods, operated the Perth to Rottnest service from about 1948 with two war-surplus Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Avro Anson aircraft. The service closed in 1961 after concerns about the safety of the ageing aircraft and recurring conflict with the Department of Civil Aviation over minor infringements of regulations. In 14 years of operations, it had made more than 13,000 crossings.

Other services continued after Woods Airways departed and at various stages facilities were upgraded.

Woods Airways and its owner were considered synonymous with the airport and in 1987 State Tourism Minister Pam Beggs opened the renamed and upgraded Jimmy Woods Air Terminal in recognition.

MacRobertson Miller Airlines took over services after Wood's Airways using both DC-3 and Fokker F27 Friendship, until the route became uneconomical.

Rottnest Airlines (aka "Quokka Airlines") operated the service until 1999 when it was taken over by Frank Stynman who operates a four and six-seater daily service from Jandakot called Rottnest Air-Taxi. Flying time is from 12 to 15 minutes.

Airlines and destinations

Accidents and incidents
 On 12 November 2006 a light twin engine charter aircraft carrying the pilot and five passengers crashed on the edge of the salt lake adjoining the airport. The plane split in two from the impact and two passengers were hospitalised. All escaped with minor injuries. It is believed that the aircraft suffered an engine failure, and the pilot was not able to maintain control.

Gallery

See also
 List of airports in Western Australia
 Aviation transport in Australia

References

External links

 Airservices Aerodromes & Procedure Charts

Rottnest Island
Transport in Perth, Western Australia
Airports in Western Australia
Airports established in 1930