Stars in Battledress are an English musical duo featuring brothers Richard and James Larcombe. They are notable for their complex but tuneful compositions, their unorthodox fusion of folk music sources and British/American art rock influences, and for their intricate and allusive lyrics.

The duo have ties to other bands including North Sea Radio Orchestra, Cardiacs, The Monsoon Bassoon, Max Tundra, Admirals' Hard and Lost Crowns.

Sound

Stars in Battledress draw strongly on traditional folk sources (most obviously in their use of folk instrumentation such as harmonium and autoharp, and in the specifically English inflections of Richard Larcombe's singing voice), 1990s American art rock (such as Don Caballero) and the complex "psychedelic mediaeval" music of the related British bands Cardiacs and The Sea Nymphs. Though the band have displayed a reluctance to be associated directly with progressive rock, the complexity of their music and the use of expansive keyboard textures have sometimes seen them labelled as a progressive rock act: Richard Larcombe's distinctly English tenor delivery has sometimes seen him compared to Richard Sinclair (Caravan, Hatfield and the North, etc.).

Stars in Battledress are also notable for Richard Larcombe's literate and allusive post-modern lyrics, which span traditional topics such as love songs and social advancement while also cross-referencing more unusual subjects such as silent film, doppelgangers, historical figures such as Havelock Ellis, the English landscape painters Thomas Gainsborough and John Constable and the work of the Canadian hard-rock band Voivod (sometimes incorporating several of these subjects within the same song).

History

Stars in Battledress prehistory

Richard Larcombe (vocals, guitars, harmonium, autoharp) and younger brother James Larcombe (piano, harmonium, church organ, hurdy-gurdy, various keyboards) grew up in a musical family in the region of Plymouth, Devon, UK. The brothers were tentative musical collaborators from a fairly young age and had always intended to take their collective work further. Richard also attended school with future musical ally Kavus Torabi (Cardiacs, The Monsoon Bassoon, Guapo etc.).

Moving to London during the 1990s, Richard formed rock band Magnilda with himself on lead vocals and guitar - other members included future television and radio presenter Iain Lee (bass, vocals) and Cardiacs roadie "Captain" John Hook (drums). Magnilda displayed Richard's taste for complex and witty songs using advanced harmony (at this point, in a more straightforward indie-rock context) and tongue-in-cheek humour. Sometimes compared to mid-period XTC, they produced one cassette demo (Clocks Are Like People) and played concerts alongside (among others) The Monsoon Bassoon and The Shrubbies (the latter featuring various ex-Cardiacs and future North Sea Radio Orchestra members). The band came to an end in late 1998/early 1999, partly due to Lee's increasing commitment to The 11 O'Clock Show. At around the same time, James Larcombe was attending the University of Oxford.

1999-2002: formation and early years

Upon James' graduation and subsequent move to London in 1999, he and Richard formed Stars in Battledress, naming themselves after the British military entertainment organisation. Unsuited to the environment of touring rock bands or indeed most rock venues, Stars in Battledress concentrated on playing small or acoustic-orientated venues where their drum-less lineup (generally Richard playing semi-acoustic guitar and James playing harmonium and digital piano) would work better. (This is a practise which they have continued to this day - appearing at smaller venues such as Toynbee Hall and Lark In The Park and sympathetic underground clubnights such as The Orchestra Pit  - although they have notably played the larger capacity University Of London Union and The Garage, London in support of Cardiacs). The Larcombes had by now befriended their old musical hero - Cardiacs leader Tim Smith - and he was later to produce the recording sessions for their debut album.

Along with members of Foe, Ursa and The Monsoon Bassoon, the Larcombes became involved in setting up the small House Of Stairs record label. Their first appearance on record – the instrumental "Sand (Blowing About)", described as "a beautiful dance of fluent piano and autoharp" by Evophonic  - appeared on the label's 2002 compilation Useless In Bed Vol. 1.

2003-2009: Secrets And Signals and subsequent hiatus

In 2003 this was followed by the debut Stars in Battledress album, Secrets And Signals, which received favourable reviews in the underground press. Aural Innovations recommended the album to "those who enjoy a theatrical flair to their music" and described it as "a sometimes rich, sometimes sparse tapestry of progressive chamber pop", also noting its "lush, dreamy, fantasy quality". Ink19, noting the band's "ethereal and distinctly English" quality (and comparing them to similarly English mavericks such as Julian Cope or Felt) concluded "one has to be impressed with the talent and skill that the brothers Lancombe bring to this release with their considerable abilities... Yet, for all their technical ability and prowess, this album remains one that fails to connect emotionally." Pop Matters noted that "there is a richness and intelligent approach to each and every track" while cautioning that the album is "very pretty in some respects, but... lacks small intangibles in others."

Following the album release, Stars in Battledress played occasional live concerts (notably supporting Cardiacs and Momus). They initially planned to follow up the album with an EP called Story Of The Hood Tapes, Vol. 1, but this was eventually shelved. In the event, it would be eight years before they released a follow-up to Secrets And Signals, with the Larcombes concentrating on other projects in the meantime.

2010-present: return to work and In Droplet Form

In 2010, Stars in Battledress broke their silence by contributing a cover version of the Cardiacs song "Foundling" to the Tim Smith fundraising album Leader of the Starry Skies: A Tribute to Tim Smith, Songbook 1. In 2011, this was followed by "Fluent English", the first new Stars in Battledress material in eight years, which was included on The Central Element (a limited edition compilation showcasing all the acts on Kavus Torabi's label Believers Roast, and which also included the brothers performing as part of Admirals' Hard on the track "Whip Jamboree").

In June 2014, Stars in Battledress released their second full-length album on the Believers Roast label, In Droplet Form, which they promoted with a number of live shows in and around London, as well as uploading a series of performances filmed at Westminster Kingsway College to YouTube. The album combined songs that had been played in their live sets for many years, such as "Fluent English", "Buy One Now", "Mewstone Avenue"(retitled "A Winning Decree") and "Hollywood Says So", along with more recent material such as "Unmatchable Bride", first premièred live in 2011.

The album received generally positive reviews from online and print media sources. Joe Banks of The Quietus described it as "tapping into something unique and undefinable," and "a genuinely mysterious album...like stepping into a haunted room never to return again." Prog Magazine called it "wittily experimental without being overbearing," while Uncut highlighted the album's debt to the Canterbury scene. In 2014, speaking with The Quietus about his favourite albums, Kavus Torabi picked In Droplet Form, saying:I genuinely think this is one of my favourite albums of all time, and it's such an honour to put it out on my label. Whatever pathetic little label Believers Roast might be, to get to have a record like this on it was almost the whole reason to start it up in the first place. [...] Almost no one is writing music to this level of perfection. When the dust settles on this whole modern music trip, this will be one of the albums that shines through.

Since the release of In Droplet Form, Stars in Battledress have continued to play intermittent and occasional concerts.

Related projects and associations (including Defeat the Young and Lost Crowns)

The Larcombes have been regular members of William D. Drake's  live band since the early 2000s, and performed on his 2011 album The Rising Of The Lights. Both brothers are or have been members of the contemporary music ensemble North Sea Radio Orchestra (in which James plays organ, monosynth and various keyboards while Richard previously sang as both featured soloist and chorus member), and the sea-shanty band Admirals' Hard (in which Richard sings and plays guitar while James plays hurdy-gurdy - other group members are from The Monsoon Bassoon, Foe, and Tunng). In 2008, Richard and James Larcombe contributed remixes to Max Tundra’s download-only covers album Best Friends in 2008 ( Richard remixed "Lamplight On A One-Horse Shoe" as "The Singing Doctor" and James remixed "The Balaton" as "Oakeshott").

Parallel with early Stars in Battledress work, the Larcombes were involved in another project called Defeat The Young - similar in scope to Stars in Battledress but firmly under Richard's control and with a stronger theatrical/music hall factor (George Formby and The Marx Brothers were added to the existing list of influences). With Richard in exclusive charge of songwriting and singing, James played hurdy-gurdy and various keyboards while other contributors included Paul Westwood (hammer dulcimer, ex-Foe/Geiger Counter), composer Terry Mann (double bass/vocals - and the Larcombe's brother-in-law) and Mark Braby (bass – organiser of The Orchestra Pit avant-garde performance nights in London). The band released a single eponymous three-song EP ("Bad Penny Said She Likes Me", "Lift Up What You're Wearing" and "King Of A Frozen World") which initially came out on the "Four Seasons Singles Club – Summer 2001" box set (day Release Records) and was subsequently issued separately by the band. A fourth song ("I’m Ruining Something") appeared on the House of Stairs Useless In Bed Vol. 1 2002 compilation. The band played several London dates (including a performance at the 12 Bar Club in November 2002 alongside Rhatigan, Tim Bowness/Peter Chilvers and David Schweitzer) but then ceased activity.

Also in 2002, Richard Larcombe played bass with Kavus Torabi's short-lived post-Monsoon Bassoon project Miss Helsinki.

James Larcombe currently plays keyboards for revived British psychedelic rock band Zag And The Coloured Beads. He is also a member of Arch Garrison, the solo vehicle of North Sea Radio Orchestra frontman Craig Fortnam, and plays on the 2014 album I Will Be A Pilgrim.

Richard Larcombe's latest project outside Stars in Battledress is Lost Crowns, for which he once again writes all the material. The band has made two appearances to date (both at Alphabet Business Concern festivals in Salisbury) with a London debut planned for January 2018. Other Lost Crown band members have included Charlie Cawood (bass guitar), Rhodri Marsden (keyboards), Josh Perl (keyboards) and Nicola Baigent (clarinet).

Discography

Stars in Battledress
 "Sand (Blowing About)" (track on Useless In Bed, Vol. 1 House of Stairs label compilation, 2003)
 Secrets And Signals (House of Stairs, 2003)
 The Story Of The Hood Tapes, Vol 1 (unreleased)
 "Foundling" (track on Leader of the Starry Skies: A Tribute to Tim Smith, Songbook 1 compilation tribute album to Tim Smith, 2010)
 "Fluent English"  (track on The Central Element compilation, 2011)
 In Droplet Form (Believers Roast, 2014)

References

External links
 Official website

English rock music groups
English folk musical groups


The Sensei X robotic catheter is a medical robot designed to enhance a physician’s ability to perform complex operations using a small flexible tube called a catheter. As open surgical procedures that require large incisions have given way to minimally invasive surgeries in which the surgeon gains access to the target organs through small incisions using specialized surgical tools.  One important tool used in many of these procedures is a catheter used to deliver many of things a surgeon needs to do his work, to impact target tissue and deliver a variety of medicines or disinfecting agents to treat disease or infection.

Manufactured by Hansen Medical, Sensei X is a specialized robotic catheter system that is controlled by a physician and is designed for accurate positioning, manipulation and stable control of catheter and catheter-based technologies during cardiovascular procedures. The Sensei system obtained U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance in 2007, after which the Cleveland Clinic's electrophysiology program, then directed by Dr. Andrea Natale, received the first placement. The Sensei Robotic Catheter System and Artisan Extend Control Catheter allow physicians to navigate flexible catheters with greater stability and control during complex cardiac arrhythmia procedures. Hansen Medical has related co-development agreements with the following industry leaders: St. Jude Medical, GE Healthcare, Siemens Healthcare, and Philips Medical Systems.

Hansen Medical was founded by Dr. Frederic Moll, who had also co-founded Intuitive Surgical, manufacturer of the Da Vinci Surgical System, whose use has propelled medicinal robotics to the forefront of patient care. The Sensei system is indicated for use during the cardiac mapping phase of cardiac arrhythmia treatment in the US. Meanwhile, it has CE mark approval for facilitating the navigation of ablation catheters within the atria of the heart during complex arrhythmia procedures such as Atrial Fibrillation (AF).

In November 2010, Hansen Medical received unconditional Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) approval from the FDA initiating  a clinical trial to investigate the use of the Sensei X Robotic Catheter System and the Artisan Control Catheter for treatment of AF, the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The Principal Investigator of the ARTISAN AF Trial is Dr. Andrea Natale, executive medical director for Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute (TCAI). The first case in the trial was completed by Dr. Joseph Gallinghouse, an electrophysiologist, at the TCAI at St. David's Medical Center.

By the end of 2010, nearly 100 Sensei systems have been shipped worldwide since its 2007 release. The system has been used to perform almost 5,000 procedures. The Sensei system operates by guiding standard catheters through a manipulated robotically steerable sheath (hollow tube) in the patient's vasculature. The doctor performs the procedure at a control station with a technology called "IntelliSense" to proximally measure the forces applied along the shaft of the catheter as a result of catheter tissue contact. The Artisan catheter has two robotically controlled segments which provides six degrees of freedom and 270 degrees of bend articulation which can assist physicians in accessing  hard-to-reach cardiac anatomy. The open lumen Artisan catheter accommodates 8F percutaneous EP catheters. Centers have reported acute and long term success rates consistent with manual procedures.

The Sensei Robotic System in clinical use

Although the Sensei system was initially tested in a range of ablation procedures including SVT and typical atrial flutter, there is most excitement about its role in complex ablation procedures  such as for atrial fibrillation (AF), where the ability to manipulate catheters to precise locations within the heart and keep them stable in the desired position is crucial. Achieving adequate tissue contact, ideally with a small amount of pressure being applied by the catheter during ablation, is also essential to effectively destroy the heart tissue responsible for arrhythmia. The ability to titrate catheter contact force using the Sensei system’s built-in pressure sensor technology (called intellisense) may allow operators to maximise the chance of creating effective burns across the thickness of the atrial wall, whilst minimising the risk of complication. Intracardiac echocardiography has also demonstrated that greater catheter stability is achieved with robotic compared to manual catheter delivery. Consequently, there is evidence that robotic ablation causes more effective and more efficient burns.

Use of robotic navigation for catheter ablation was also designed to allow Electrophysiology to perform most of the procedure without being exposed to X-rays (or radiation). The radiation dose to the operator during a conventional manual ablation procedure is relatively small, although there is cumulative exposure that becomes an important consideration for operators performing procedures on a daily basis. By performing procedures a few metres away using a robotic system and seated in the leaded anteroom, the operator is shielded from X-rays and is less vulnerable to operator fatigue, which may affect operator performance in long complex cases. Use of robotic navigation has been shown to reduce fluoroscopy times in catheter ablation of AF, resulting in reduced X-ray exposure for patients and other health care professionals present in the catheter laboratory.

Early Experience with the Sensei Robotic System
The system has been the subject of several clinical trials in the USA and Europe, particularly for the catheter ablation of AF. There were early safety concerns after the ‘first-in-human’ studies suggested high complication rates. Wazni et al. reported experience with the first 71 catheter ablations for AF in their centre using the Hansen robotic navigation system starting from 2005.

These early studies have allowed others to incorporate changes to their technique, and hence recent work has produced complication rates for catheter ablation of AF comparable to procedures performed manually. The field of robotic ablation is growing and evolving rapidly, and randomised controlled trials comparing robotic to manual ablation are ongoing in Europe and the USA to see if these potential advantages will translate into better clinical outcomes.

Recent studies using the Sensei Robotic system
Since there are no completed randomised controlled trials comparing robotic ablation to manual ablation, comparing the modalities remains difficult. Techniques, complication rates and clinical results vary widely between centres for both manual and robotic procedures, making registry data difficult to compare. Typical ranges for procedures performed manually are: major complication rates of 3-5%, and success rates of approximately 80-90% for paroxysmal AF and 70-75% for persistent AF (depending on the length of follow-up). The following are recent reports in medical journals detailing experience of the Sensei system in the catheter ablation of AF, and demonstrate approximate success and complication rates at the time of writing:

References

Cardiology
Surgical robots


Robert Alan McCaffrey (born April 16, 1952) is a former National Football League (NFL) center who had a notable career while a student athlete on the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans football team.

After playing football at Garces Memorial High School in Bakersfield, California, McCaffrey played football at the University of Southern California where he lettered three seasons, 1972–74.  The Trojans won national championships and played in the Rose Bowl in 1972 and 1974.  He was honored as USC's Lineman of the Year in 1974 and junior varsity MVP in 1971. He played in the 1975 Chicago Charities College All-Star Game where a team of star college seniors played the Super Bowl IX champion Pittsburgh Steelers, losing 21–14.  He graduated from USC in 1975.

Professional career
McCaffrey was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 1975 NFL Draft and played one season before retiring.

Personal
The son of McCaffrey and wife Karen, Brent McCaffrey, played football for USC as a left tackle, lettering for three seasons (1998–2000).

After football
McCaffrey joined his father-in-law, John Bonadelle, and became real estate developer in Fresno, California. He now heads The McCaffrey Group and is on the board of directors of the Building Industry Association of Fresno/Madera Counties, having previously served as chairman of the board.

References

External links
The McCaffrey Group, McCaffrey's company website

1952 births
Living people
American football centers
USC Trojans football players
Green Bay Packers players
Players of American football from Bakersfield, California
Garces Memorial High School alumni


Cabeza del Buey () is a Spanish municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. According to the 2014 census, the municipality has a population of 5,234 inhabitants.

References

External links

Official website

Municipalities in the Province of Badajoz


William Carries On is the twenty-fourth book in the Just William series by Richmal Crompton. It was first published in 1942.

The Stories
Too Many Cooks
William And The Bomb
The Parfits (formerly the Clives) are returning to the village because of the war and are going to celebrate Joan's birthday in the village. However, an unexploded bomb postpones the party.
William's Midsummer Eve
Joan To The Rescue
Reluctant Heroes
Guy Fawkes - With Variations
William Works For Peace
William Spends A Busy Morning
A Present For A Little Girl
Hubert's Party

See also

1942 short story collections
Just William
Short story collections by Richmal Crompton
Children's short story collections
1942 children's books
George Newnes Ltd books


Banxing or BX-1 (), is a small Chinese technology development satellite which was deployed from the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft at 11:27 GMT on 27 September 2008. Prior to deployment, the satellite was mounted on top of the Shenzhou 7 orbital module.

Purpose
Banxing was used to relay images of the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft. Weighing some 40 kilograms, and containing two cameras and communication equipment, it was maneuvered using an ammonia gas-based propulsion system.  Following the re-entry of Shenzhou 7, Banxing remained in orbit as part of a formation-flying experiment with the discarded Shenzhou orbital module.

A few hours after Banxing was launched it and the Shenzhou 7 orbital module passed unusually close to the International Space Station. This provoked some speculation that the experiment was intended to test military anti-satellite interception technology.

See also

 2008 in spaceflight
 Orbital Express

References

Satellites of China
Shenzhou 7
Shenzhou program
Spacecraft launched in 2008
Spacecraft which reentered in 2009
2008 in spaceflight


3x3 basketball at the 2008 Asian Beach Games were held from 24 to 26 October 2008 in Bali, Indonesia.

Medalists

Medal table

Results

Men

Preliminaries

Group A

Group B

Final round

7th place match

5th place match

3rd place match

Final

Women

Preliminaries

Final round

3rd place match

Final

References
 Official website

2008
basketball
2008–09 in Asian basketball
2008–09 in Indonesian basketball
International basketball competitions hosted by Indonesia
2008 in 3x3 basketball


The pair skating event was held as part of the figure skating at the 1928 Winter Olympics. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which had previously been held at the Summer Olympics in 1908 and 1920 and was also part of the first Winter Games in 1924. The competition was held on Sunday, 19 February 1928. Twenty-six figure skaters from ten nations competed.

Results

Referee:
  M. V. Lundquist

Judges:
  Heinrich Burger
  Sakari Ilmanen
  J.G. Künzli
  Joel B. Liberman
  Walter Muller
  Francis Pigueron
  Thomas D. Richardson
  Josef Slíva
  Edouard Delpy

References

External links
 Official Olympic Report
 sports-reference

Figure skating at the 1928 Winter Olympics
1928 in figure skating
1928
Mixed events at the 1928 Winter Olympics


Campanario is a Spanish municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. It has a population of 5,470 (2007) and an area of 284 km².

References

External links
Official website

 auto

Municipalities in the Province of Badajoz


Mercurio's Menu is an Australian television cooking show hosted by Paul Mercurio. The series follows Paul as he travels to different regions of Australia and highlights the region's local cuisines, as well as talk to local chefs. It is produced by WTFN and airs on Channel Seven and a number of other stations in Australia and New Zealand. It is also shown on the Australian Network which beams out to more than 44 countries across Asia, the Pacific and Indian subcontinent. It has also been sold to various countries including Israel, Spain and others.

History
The program first premiered in February 2008, and aired in most regions of Australia at 5:30 pm on Sundays. The second season premiered on 14 February 2009 at 5:30 pm on Channel Seven. The third season began on 11 April 2010. The fourth series started in NSW in May 2011. A special one-hour episode filmed in Kenya and featuring the Koricho Tea fields was screened nationally on Saturday 28 May 2011.

Dishes
Mercurio's Menu has led to the development of a number of original dishes, many of them evidently masterminded by Mercurio himself. These include "Pasodoble Pizza Pockets", "Strictly Stroganoff", "Mercurio Muffins" and "Failure Pie With 90s Throwback Sauce".

None of the recipes in Mercurio's Menu cook book have names such as those suggested above. The recipes from series 1, 2 and 3 can be found on Lifestyle network.

Availability
Mercurio's Menu can be seen on various television stations. In Australia, it airs at 5.30 pm every Sunday on Channel Seven and most of its regional affiliate stations, such as Prime and Southern Cross. Some stations air the show at a different times due to sports coverage commitments – for instance the show is aired in Victoria at 5.30pm on a Saturday. The show also airs on 7Two every Saturday at 9pm.

In New Zealand, the show airs on weekday afternoons on subscription channel Food Television.

Series one, two and three aired on Foxtel in Australia in August 2011.

Episodes
Series One – 2008

Episode 1 – Gold Coast

Episode 2 – Townsville

First airing on 17 May 2008, this episode featured stories from Townsville and Magnetic Island. Paul visited The Watermark and Aquarius on the Beach in Townsville before boarding SunFerries to travel to Magnetic Island. Whilst on Magnetic Island, Paul visited Moke Magnetic and Barefoot Art Food Wine. With the help of executive chef Sean Calliste, Paul created a prawn, avocado and boccocini pizza. Also featured in this episode is Meg Coffey. Other features of this episode include barramundi, ice cream, prawns, beer, sugarcane and Paul's Great Walk for Cancer.

Series Two – 2009

Series Three – 2010

Series Four – 2011

References

Mercurio's Menu the cook book was released in November 2009 and is still available to purchase through bookshops and on line. It is published by Murdoch Books. The book features the recipes from series one and two.

External links
 WTFN Entertainment

Seven Network original programming
2008 Australian television series debuts
Australian non-fiction television series


John Arthur Endler  (born 1947) is a Canadian ethologist and evolutionary biologist noted for his work on the adaptation of vertebrates to their unique perceptual environments, and the ways in which animal sensory capacities and colour patterns co-evolve.

Education and early life
Born in Canada, Endler took his PhD degree at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.

Career and research
After his PhD, Endler worked at Princeton University (1973-1979), the University of Utah (1979-1986), the University of California, Santa Barbara (1986-2006), the James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia and is currently working at Deakin University in Victoria, Australia.  In 2006 he was appointed as an Anniversary Professor of Animal Behaviour in the School of Psychology at the University of Exeter, England.  In 2007 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2009 he joined the Centre for Integrative Biology at Deakin University (Australia) where he is an Alfred Deakin Professor. In 2012 he was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. In April 2020 Endler was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).

Endler has carried out extensive work on guppies, including in 1975 rediscovering the species now known to aquarists as Endler's guppy, in his honour; this brightly coloured fish is sometimes regarded as a geographical variant of the common guppy Poecilia reticulata, but is now usually treated as a separate species, Poecilia wingei. Although it had been recorded before Endler's discovery, it had not been properly studied and documented.  Among biologists, however, he is better known for his experimental work on inducing small-scale evolution in the laboratory.  In addition to his work on guppies he has studied many other species, including investigating the bower-building behaviour of bowerbirds in North Queensland, Australia.

In 2008 the European Research Council announced that he was among the first cohort of Life Scientists to receive an award under its Advanced Grants scheme. In 2012 he was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.

Books
Endler, John A. (1977).  Geographic Variation, Speciation, and Clines. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Endler, John A. (1986).  Natural Selection in the Wild.  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Journal articles

Endler, J. A. (1980).  Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulata.  Evolution, 34, 76–91.
Endler, J. A., McLellan, T. (1988). The Processes of Evolution: Toward a Newer Synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19, 395–421.
Endler, J. A. (1990).  On the measurement and classification of color in studies of animal color patterns.  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 41, 315–352.
Reznick, D. A., Bryga, H., & Endler, J. A. (1990).  Experimentally induced life history evolution in a natural population.  Nature, 346, 357–359.
Endler, J. A., & Day, L. B (2006).  Ornament colour selection, visual contrast and the shape of colour preference functions in great bowerbirds, Chlamydera nuchalis.  Animal Behaviour, 72, 1405–1416.
Endler, J. A., & Mielke, P. W. (2005).  Comparing entire colour patterns as birds see them.  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 405–431.
Endler, J. A., Westcott, D. A., Madden, J. R., & Robson, T (2005).  Animal visual systems and the evolution of color patterns: Sensory processing illuminates signal evolution.  Evolution, 59, 1795–1818.

References

1947 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Canadian biologists
Canadian expatriates in Australia
Canadian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Ethologists
Evolutionary biologists
Extended evolutionary synthesis
Academics of the University of Exeter
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Fellows of the Royal Society


Little Neck Bay is an embayment in western Long Island, New York, off Long Island Sound. Little Neck Bay forms the western boundary of the Great Neck Peninsula, the eastern boundary of which is Manhasset Bay. The political boundary between Nassau County and the borough of Queens runs through the bay, bordering the neighborhood of Douglaston–Little Neck.

Description
At the entrance to the bay, on the western point – known as Willets Point – is Fort Totten, which was built to protect the entrance to the tidal strait known as the East River. At the eastern side of the entrance is Elm Point (the end of Steamboat Road in Kings Point). The bay is about a mile wide at the entrance and extends back just under two miles. Originally, on the western and southern sides of the bay there were extensive salt marshes. Saddle Rock is located on the eastern side of the bay about half-way in. The bay is shallower than Manhasset Bay, being only  deep at the entrance, with most of the back bay being less than  deep. Alley Pond Park and Cross Island Parkway are on the southern and southwestern shore, and Alley Creek drains into the bay.

Traditionally, the Algonquin who lived around Little Neck Bay when Europeans came were considered to be from a tribe known as the Matinecock. However, that view has been challenged. Later, from the 1860s through the 1890s, small hard clams (quahogs) from Little Neck Bay were served in the best restaurants of New York and several European capitals. Eventually, the term "littleneck" or "littleneck clam" came to be used as a size category for all hard clams, regardless of origin. Saddle-rock oysters are also found in the bay. The bay was closed to harvesting in 1909 due to pollution.

See also

 Hempstead Harbor
 Manhasset Bay

References

Bays of New York (state)
Long Island Sound
Bodies of water of Nassau County, New York
Bays of Queens County, New York
Douglaston–Little Neck, Queens


Viza za budućnost () was the first post-independence Bosnian TV series. Production started on June 22, 2002, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first episode was aired on September 22, 2002. The final episode was broadcast on April 17, 2008.

Viza za budućnost eventually became one of the region's most popular sitcoms.

History
Viza za budućnost began airing on 22 September 2002 on FTV. The series have got 206 episodes, divided into 6 seasons. The series was also aired in Serbia (RTS 1 and Pink), Montenegro (TVCG 1  and TV Vijesti), Macedonia (A1) and Slovenia (TV SLO 2).
The last episode of the series was shown on April 17, 2008.

Series overview

Plot
The Bosniak family Husika, whose apartment was destroyed in war, lives in apartment of Serb family Golijanin who left Sarajevo and emigrated to Norway. The drama begins when family Golijanin comes back from Norway to Sarajevo because of nostalgia and want their apartment back. The family Husika doesn't want to leave the apartment until they get the new one and they don't want to let Golijanins in. However, neither Golijanins want to give up and the whole thing ends up in court. On the day of Husika's eviction, a court decision is reached that two families must live together. And, despite the constant quarrels, these two families will become good friends.

Cast

Nada Đurevska as Mubera Polovina
Ljubiša Samardžić as Milan Golijanin
Jasna Diklić as Danica Golijanin
Admir Glamočak as Suad Husika
Meliha Fakić as Alma Husika
Mirvad Kurić as Rifat 'Rile' Polovina
Zoran Bečić as Oskar Prohaska
Amra Kapidžić as Belma Husika
Izudin Bajrović as Miro Zvrk
Emina Muftić as Sena Zvrk
Riad Ljutović as Tonči
Žan Marolt as Hrvoje Uskok
Sanda Krgo as Sanja
Lejla Zvizdić as Merima Husika
Maja Ibrahimpašić as Nejra Husika
Boris Dvornik as Vinko Uskok
Enis Bešlagić as Zela
Ermin Sijamija as Sabahudin Kreljo
Emir Hadžihafizbegović as Nadir Hadžić
Tanja Bošković as Sofija Jović
Boro Stjepanović as Aleksandar Jović
Sanja Burić as Dijana
Mario Drmać as Nenad Golijanin
Drago Buka as Nero

Series never finished
After the episode number 206, which was broadcast on April 17, 2008, there was an announcement of the next episode. That episode was supposed to be aired in Autumn 2008. However, that episode was never aired, and it is not known how the series has finished.

References

External links

RTVFBiH official website

2000s Bosnia and Herzegovina television series
2002 Bosnia and Herzegovina television series debuts
2008 Bosnia and Herzegovina television series endings
Bosnia and Herzegovina television sitcoms
Television series about families
Television shows set in Sarajevo
Federalna televizija original programming


Casper's Scare School (Casper's Scare School: Classroom Capers for the Nintendo DS version) is an adventure video game developed by Data Design Interactive for the PlayStation 2 and Nikitova Games for the Nintendo DS. The game was released in Europe in 2008 and in North America in 2010. It reuses similar assets to its 2006 predecessor, Casper and the Ghostly Trio, which was only released in Europe. A sequel titled Casper's Scare School: Spooky Sports Day was released for the Nintendo DS and Wii in Europe in 2009 and North America in 2010.

Plot
The plot involves Casper the Friendly Ghost, who having been sent to "Scare School" by his three uncles, must thwart plots by the school bully Thatch the vampire's plan to turn all the characters to stone, stop Casper helping his classmates or stealing all the glory in the school sports day.

Gameplay

PlayStation 2
The PlayStation 2 version is a 3D adventure game with elements of a platformer and a racing game. In the first level, Casper's suitcase has bust open throwing its contents around his mansion, so he has 400 seconds to find the 30 items before the school bus leaves to take him to Scare School. This layout of this level is reused from the Great Hall level in the 2006 game  Casper and the Ghostly Trio being from the same developer. The second level is similar to Crazy Taxi in which the player has 120 seconds to navigate the boat to collect six classmates around Deedstown. The next three levels are a series of three-lap races between Casper, his friends Ra, Mantha, Mickey, and Monaco along with the school bully Thatch. The first race is around the school grounds, the second through the school corridors as well as the grounds and the third in the gym with polls to jump over. In the final level Thatch has turned Casper's four friends, from the previous races, into stone. Casper must find each friend turning them back into themselves and get to his mansion before Thatch does. The game also features a multiplayer mode in which any of the six racing characters can be played in the lap races. The entire game can be finished in 22 minutes.

Nintendo DS
Casper must complete three classes, science with Professor Thurdigree Burns, history with Hedy Hopper and gym with Frankengymteacher, per week for eight weeks earning four marks in each session, earning a C grade or higher, within the time limit. It is played with the DS being held sideways in a similar style to the Brain Age series, but with just the stylus. To get his marks Casper must get what he needs by trading with his classmates giving them things they want before returning to his desk or gym mat to complete the assignment. Casper must avoid the teacher who watches certain parts of the classroom at a time, the Gargoyles who patrol the classroom, Thatch who thinks Casper is being too friendly and Kibosh who oversees the classes in the final week. This is the only time Thatch is seen in his bat form in the games. If any enemies catch Casper out of a desk (Casper's own desk in the case of Kibosh) he will be sent back to his desk, any item he is holding will be confiscated and he has to start the task again. Casper can earn bonus marks by scaring Thatch with a beetle blast or the teacher with a Power Bolt. As Casper progresses through the game the classroom gets bigger with new classmates added as well as new enemies and new power-ups.

References

External links

2008 video games
Adventure games
Blast! Entertainment games
Casper the Friendly Ghost
Casper video games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation 2 games
School-themed video games
Video games based on television series
Video games developed in the United Kingdom


Papyrus 10 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), signed by 𝔓10 and named Oxyrhynchus papyri 209, is an early copy of part of the New Testament content in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to the Romans, dating paleographically to the early 4th century.

Description
The manuscript is a fragment of one leaf, written in one column per page.
The surviving text is of Romans, verses 1:1-7. The manuscript was written very carelessly. The handwriting is crude and irregular, and the copy contains some irregular spellings. A part of verse 6 is omitted (εν οις εστε και υμεις κλητοι who are called to belong to).

The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category I. The manuscript is too brief for certainty. The only variant of any importance is Χριστου Ιησου in Rom 1:7, where the manuscripts all have the reverse order.

History
The papyrus was found tied up with a contract dated in 316 A.D., and other documents of the same period.

It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus, Egypt, and is currently housed at the Houghton Library of the Harvard University (Semitic Museum Inv. 2218), Cambridge (Massachusetts).

See also

 List of New Testament papyri
 Oxyrhynchus papyri
 Papyrus 9
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 208
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 210
 Romans 1

References

Further reading

 C. R. Gregory, "Textkritik des Neuen Testaments", Leipzig 1909, vol. 3, p. 1091.

New Testament papyri
209
4th-century biblical manuscripts
Epistle to the Romans papyri


This list comprises 239 species of non-marine molluscs that have been recorded in the scientific literature as part of the fauna of the island of Great Britain; this total excludes species found only in hothouses and aquaria. The list includes terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, and aquatic bivalves. Molluscs that are fully marine (adapted to live in the sea) are not included here, except for two marine pulmonate snails. In other words, this list includes land snails and slugs, and freshwater and brackish water snails. It also includes freshwater mussels and clams, including some that can tolerate brackish water.

Great Britain is a European island in the northeastern Atlantic, comprising the contiguous countries of England, Scotland and Wales. (Great Britain is not the same entity as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; for more information on the complex nomenclature of this area, please see terminology of the British Isles.) The mollusc fauna of the island of Ireland, which includes both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, is listed in another article: List of non-marine molluscs of Ireland.

A number of species of snails listed here are sometimes also found on lists of marine species. Two listed here, in the genera Onchidella and Otina, are fully marine in habitat, but are pulmonate gastropods that breathe air at low tide rather than having gills like most marine species. Other species listed here live in habitats that are intermediate between land and saltwater, or in brackish water habitats intermediate between freshwater and full-salinity saltwater.

Additional species are still being added to the list of the non-marine malacofauna of Great Britain. Four of the more recent discoveries are: Papillifera papillaris, first recorded in 1993 but probably the result of introductions with Italian statuary a century or more earlier; Selenochlamys ysbryda, a species new to science, which was first found in 2004; Candidula olisippensis, discovered on a Cornish cliff in 2011; and Monacha ocellata, found near Tilbury docks in 2017. Other species have been added to the list as a result of taxonomic revisions; for instance, only in 2009 was it recognised that snails previously known as Pupilla muscorum constituted two sibling species occupying different habitats, with both Pupilla muscorum sensu stricto and Pupilla alpicola occurring in Britain. A major revision of the slug fauna published in 2014, partly based on genetic sequencing, established that there were 20% more species than had previously been recognised. Not all these species have been definitely identified and some are formally undescribed.

In addition to the species that survive outdoors in Great Britain, there are also another 15 exotic gastropod species (some terrestrial and some aquatic) which live as "uninvited guests" in greenhouses and their enclosed aquaria. These species are known as "hothouse aliens", and are listed separately at the end of the main list. In this list these species are not counted as part of the fauna. Also not included are species such as Eobania vermiculata and Milax nigricans that have been found outdoors on single occasions but seem never to have established persisting populations.

The following table shows a summary of species numbers.

Conservation
Those species that are recognized as endangered are shown with an E after their name, see List of endangered species in the British Isles.

Some species are protected in the United Kingdom under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981:
 Catinella arenaria and Myxas glutinosa are fully protected since 1981
 Margaritifera margaritifera is partly protected since 1991 and fully protected since 1998
 Helix pomatia is partly protected since 2008
 Monacha cartusiana was fully protected from 1981 to 1988.

Two of the land snails on the list (Fruticicola fruticum and Cernuella neglecta) are now locally extinct (in Great Britain, sometimes abbreviated here as G.B.), but they still occur in other parts of Europe.

Systematic list
The list is arranged by presumed biological affinity, rather than being alphabetical by family.

A number of species are listed with subspecies, in cases where there are well-recognized subspecies in different parts of Europe. For some species a synonym is given, where the species may perhaps be better known under another name.

An attempt has been made to label the families as aquatic, terrestrial or intermediate, and an indication is given where it is thought that the species is introduced. Some introductions to Great Britain are quite ancient, dating from Roman times or even earlier. Those species that do not have a shell usually do not leave an archeological or fossil record, and therefore it is not always possible to determine whether they are native or introduced. Species are considered to be native, unless otherwise indicated on the list; this information is taken from Kerney (1999) updated in the case of slugs with the opinions of Rowson et al. (2014). The status and taxonomy of freshwater gastropods has been updated according to Rowson et al. (2021).

Note: the images used to illustrate the list are mostly of specimens that were found in other countries.

Gastropoda

 Neritidae – aquatic (this species tolerates brackish water)
 Theodoxus fluviatilis fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)

 Aciculidae – terrestrial
 Acicula fusca (Montagu, 1803)

 Viviparidae – aquatic
 Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813)
 Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833) – introduced

 Assimineidae – terrestrial (intermediate marine)
 Assiminea grayana J. Fleming, 1828
 Paludinella globularis (Hanley in Thorpe, 1844) – synonym: P. littorina auct. non delle Chiaje, 1828

 Amnicolidae – aquatic
 Marstoniopsis insubrica (Küster, 1853) – synonym: Bithynella scholtzi (A. Schmidt, 1856) – perhaps introduced, perhaps extinct

 Truncatellidae – terrestrial (intermediate marine)
 Truncatella subcylindrica (Linnaeus, 1758)

 Bithyniidae – aquatic
 Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
 Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)

 Cochliopidae – aquatic
 Semisalsa stagnorum (Gmelin, 1791) – synonym: Heleobia stagnorum – uncertain if native

 Potamopyrgidae – aquatic
 Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) – introduced

 Hydrobiidae – aquatic (some are arguably marine)
 Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) – subspecies: Hydrobia acuta neglecta Muus, 1963
 Ecrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803) – synonym: Ventrosia ventrosa
 Peringia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)
 Mercuria anatina (Poiret, 1801) – synonyms: M. confusa auct. non Frauenfeld, 1863, M. similis auct. non (Draparnaud, 1805)

 Valvatidae – aquatic
 Valvata cristata O.F. Müller, 1774
 Valvata macrostoma Mörch, 1864
 Valvata piscinalis (O.F. Müller, 1774)

 Pomatiidae – terrestrial
 Pomatias elegans (O.F Müller, 1774)

The following gastropods are pulmonates:

 Ellobiidae – terrestrial
 Carychium minimum O.F Müller, 1774
 Carychium tridentatum (Risso, 1826)
 Leucophytia bidentata (Montagu, 1808)
 Myosotella denticulata (Montagu, 1803)
 Myosotella myosotis (Draparnaud, 1801)

 Onchidiidae – aquatic (marine but an intertidal pulmonate)
 Onchidella celtica (Cuvier, 1817)

 Otinidae – aquatic (marine but an intertidal pulmonate)
 Otina ovata (Brown, 1827)

 Lymnaeidae – aquatic
 Ampullaceana balthica (Linnaeus, 1758) – synonyms: Radix balthica, Radix peregra auct. non (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Ladislavella catascopium (Say, 1817) – introduced, believed extinct
 Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Myxas glutinosa (O.F. Müller, 1774) E
 Omphiscola glabra (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Stagnicola fuscus (C. Pfeiffer, 1821) – synonym: Lymnaea fusca
 Stagnicola palustris (O.F. Müller, 1774)  – synonym: Lymnaea palustris

 Physidae – aquatic
 Aplexa hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) – synonym: Physella heterostropha (Say, 1817) – introduced
 Physella gyrina (Say, 1821) – introduced

 Planorbidae – aquatic
 Ancylus fluviatilis (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Anisus leucostoma (Millet, 1813)
 Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834) E
 Bathyomphalus contortus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863) – synonyms: F. wautieri (Mirolli, 1960), F. fragilis (Tryon, 1863) – introduced
 Gyraulus acronicus (A. Férussac, 1807)
 Gyraulus albus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
 Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Menetus dilatatus (Gould, 1841) – introduced
 Planorbarius corneus corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Planorbis carinatus O.F. Müller, 1774
 Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Segmentina nitida (O.F. Müller, 1774) E

 Acroloxidae – aquatic
 Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758)

 Succineidae – terrestrial (some almost amphibious)
 Quickella arenaria (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) – synonym:Catinella arenaria
 Succinella oblonga Draparnaud, 1801
 Succinea putris Linnaeus, 1758
 Oxyloma elegans elegans (Risso, 1826) – synonym: Oxyloma pfeifferi (Rossmässler, 1835)
 Oxyloma sarsii (Esmark, 1886)

 Cochlicopidae – terrestrial
 Azeca goodalli (A. Férrusac, 1821)
 Cochlicopa cf. lubrica – synonym: Cochlicopa lubrica (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Cochlicopa cf. lubricella – synonym: Cochlicopa lubricella (Porro, 1838)

 Pyramidulidae – terrestrial
 Pyramidula pusilla (Vallot, 1801)

 Vertiginidae – terrestrial

 Columella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805)
 Columella aspera Walden, 1966
 Truncatellina cylindrica (Férussac, 1807)
 Truncatellina callicratis (Scacchi, 1833) – probably native
 Vertigo pusilla O.F. Müller, 1774
 Vertigo alpestris Alder, 1838
 Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
 Vertigo genesii (Gredler, 1856)
 Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925
 Vertigo lilljeborgi (Westerlund, 1871)
 Vertigo modesta arctica (Say, 1824)
 Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849)
 Vertigo pusilla O.F. Müller, 1774
 Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801)
 Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
 Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830

 Chondrinidae – terrestrial
 Abida secale secale (Draparnaud, 1801)

 Pupillidae – terrestrial
 Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)

 Lauriidae – terrestrial
 Leiostyla anglica (Wood, 1828)
 Lauria cylindracea (da Costa, 1778)
 Lauria sempronii (Charpentier, 1837) – probably native

 Valloniidae – terrestrial
 Vallonia costata (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Vallonia pulchella (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Vallonia cf. excentrica – synonym: Vallonia excentrica Sterke, 1892
 Acanthinula aculeata (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Spermodea lamellata (Jeffreys, 1830)

 Enidae – terrestrial
 Ena montana (Draparnaud, 1801)
 Merdigera obscura  (O.F. Müller, 1774) – synonym: Ena obscura

 Punctidae – terrestrial
 Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801)
 Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) – introduced

Helicodiscidae – terrestrial
 Lucilla singleyana – synonym :Helicodiscus singleyanus Pilsbry, 1890 – introduced

 Discidae – terrestrial
 Discus rotundatus rotundatus (O.F. Müller, 1774)

 Arionidae – terrestrial
 Arion ater (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Arion rufus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Arion flagellus Collinge, 1893 – introduced?
 Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 – synonym: Arion lusitanicus auct. non Mabille, 1868 – introduced
 Arion sp. "Davies" – introduced?
 Arion subfuscus Draparnaud, 1805
 Arion fuscus O.F. Müller, 1774 – introduced?
 Arion cf. iratii Garrido, Castillejo & Iglesias, 1995 – introduced?
 Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828
 Arion silvaticus Lohmander, 1937
 Arion fasciatus (Nilsson, 1823) – introduced?
 Arion hortensis A. Férussac, 1819
 Arion distinctus J. Mabille, 1868
 Arion owenii Davies, 1979
 Arion cf. fagophilus de Winter, 1986 – introduced?
 Arion intermedius (Normand, 1852)

 Pristilomatidae – terrestrial
 Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871)
 Vitrea crystallina (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Vitrea subrimata (Reinhardt, 1871)

 Euconulidae – terrestrial
 Euconulus fulvus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Euconulus alderi (J.E. Gray, 1840)

 Gastrodontidae – terrestrial
 Zonitoides nitidus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Zonitoides excavatus (Alder, 1830)

 Oxychilidae – terrestrial
 Oxychilus alliarius (Miller, 1822)
 Oxychilus cellarius (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Oxychilus draparnaudi draparnaudi (Beck, 1837) – introduced
 Oxychilus navarricus helveticus (Blum, 1881) – introduced?
 Aegopinella nitidula (Draparnaud, 1805)
 Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830)
 Nesovitrea hammonis (Ström, 1765) – synonym: Perpolita hammonis
 Daudebardia rufa (Draparnaud, 1805) – introduced

 Milacidae – terrestrial
 Milax gagates (Draparnaud, 1801) – introduced?
 Tandonia rustica (Millet, 1843) – introduced?
 Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay, 1881) – introduced
 Tandonia cf. cristata (Kaleniczenko, 1851) – introduced
 Tandonia sowerbyi (A. Férussac, 1823) – introduced?

 Vitrinidae – terrestrial
 Vitrina pellucida (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Phenacolimax major (A. Férussac, 1807) – probably native

 Boettgerillidae – terrestrial
 Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912 – introduced

 Trigonochlamydidae – terrestrial
 Selenochlamys ysbryda Rowson & Symondson, 2008 – introduced

 Limacidae – terrestrial
 Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758
 Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803
 Limax cf. dacampi Menegazzi, 1854 – introduced
 Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758) – introduced?
 Limacus maculatus (Kaleniczenko, 1851) – synonym: Limax ecarinatus Boettger, 1881 – introduced
 Malacolimax tenellus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Lehmannia marginata (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Ambigolimax parvipenis Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022 – introduced
 Ambigolimax valentianus (A. Férussac, 1822) – introduced

 Agriolimacidae – terrestrial
 Deroceras laeve (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Deroceras agreste (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Deroceras reticulatum (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Deroceras panormitanum (Lessona & Pollonera, 1882) – synonym: Deroceras caruanae (Pollonera, 1891) – introduced
 Deroceras invadens Reise, Hutchinson, Schunack & Schlitt, 2011 – introduced

 Ferussaciidae – terrestrial
 Cecilioides acicula (O.F. Müller, 1774) – probably introduced

 Clausiliidae – terrestrial
 Alinda biplicata biplicata (Montagu, 1803) – introduced?
 Balea perversa (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Balea sarsii Pfeiffer, 1847
 Clausilia bidentata bidentata (Ström, 1765)
 Clausilia dubia dubia Draparnaud, 1805 – probably native
 Cochlodina laminata (Montagu, 1803)
 Macrogastra rolphii (Turton, 1826)
 Papillifera papillaris (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced

 Testacellidae – terrestrial
 Testacella maugei A. Férussac, 1822 – introduced?
 Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801 – introduced?
 Testacella scutulum Sowerby, 1821 – introduced?
 Testacella sp. "tenuipenis" – introduced?

 Helicodontidae – terrestrial
 Helicodonta obvoluta obvoluta (O.F. Müller, 1774) – probably native

 Cochlicellidae – terrestrial
 Cochlicella acuta (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced?
 Cochlicella barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) – introduced

 Hygromiidae – terrestrial

 Ashfordia granulata (Alder, 1830) – synonym: Monacha granulata
 Candidula gigaxii (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) – introduced?
 Candidula intersecta (Poiret, 1801) – probably introduced
 Candidula olisippensis (Servain, 1880) – introduced
 Cernuella aginnica (Locard, 1894) – introduced
 Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud, 1805) – introduced, now extinct in G.B.
 Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) – probably introduced
 Helicella itala itala (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801) – introduced
 Hygromia limbata  limbata (Draparnaud, 1805) – introduced
 Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803) – introduced
 Monacha cartusiana (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced?
 Monacha ocellata (Roth, 1839) – introduced
 Ponentina subvirescens (Bellamy, 1839) – probably native
 Pseudotrichia rubiginosa (Rossmässler, 1838) – probably native
 Trochoidea elegans (Gmelin, 1791) – introduced
 Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Trochulus sericeus (Draparnaud, 1801)
 Trochulus striolatus (Pfeiffer, 1828)
 Zenobiella subrufescens (Miller, 1822)

 Bradybaenidae – terrestrial
 Fruticicola fruticum (O.F. Müller, 1774) – probably introduced, now extinct in G.B.

 Helicidae – terrestrial
 Arianta arbustorum arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Helicigona lapicida lapicida (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Theba pisana pisana (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced
 Cepaea nemoralis nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Cepaea hortensis (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Cornu aspersum aspersum – synonym:Helix aspersa (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced
 Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 – introduced
 Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 – introduced?

Bivalvia
 Margaritiferidae – aquatic
 Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) E

 Unionidae – aquatic
 Unio pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Unio tumidus Philipsson, 1788
 Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmässler, 1835) E

 Sphaeriidae – aquatic
 Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck, 1818)
 Sphaerium nucleus (Studer, 1820)
 Sphaerium solidum (Normand, 1844)
 Musculium lacustre (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Musculium transversum (Say, 1829)
 Pisidium amnicum (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791)
 Pisidium conventus (Clessin, 1877)
 Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard, 1823)
 Pisidium hibernicum Westerlund, 1894
 Pisidium lilljeborgii (Clessin, 1886)
 Pisidium milium Held, 1836
 Pisidium moitessierianum Paladilhe, 1866
 Pisidium nitidum Jenyns, 1832
 Pisidium obtusale (Lamarck, 1818)

 Pisidium personatum Malm, 1855
 Pisidium pulchellum (Jenyns, 1832)
 Pisidium pseudosphaerium Favre, 1927
 Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855
 Pisidium supinum A. Schmidt, 1851
 Pisidium tenuilineatum Stelfox, 1918 E
 Dreissenidae – aquatic
 Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) – introduced
 Dreissena bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) – introduced
 Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) – introduced
 Corbiculidae – aquatic
 Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced

List of "hothouse alien" species
This group of exotic land and freshwater species are not truly part of the fauna because they do not live in the wild. Many are tropical and thus are incapable of surviving in the wild in Great Britain; instead they have established themselves as uninvited inhabitants of greenhouses, aquaria within greenhouses, and similar artificially-heated  habitats.

 Thiaridae – aquatic
 Melanoides tuberculata (O.F. Müller, 1774)
 Gastrodontidae – terrestrial
 Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816)
 Lymnaeidae – aquatic
 Radix rubiginosa (Michelin, 1831), native to Indo-China and Indonesia
 Planorbidae – aquatic
  Gyraulis cf. chinensis (Dunker, 1848)
 Planorbella duryi (Wetherby, 1879)
 Pleurodiscidae – terrestrial
 Pleurodiscus balmei (Potiez & Michaud, 1835)
 Pristilomatidae – terrestrial

 Hawaiia minuscula (Binney, 1841)
 Helicodiscidae – terrestrial
 Helicodiscus parallelus (Say, 1821)
 Streptaxidae – terrestrial
 Gulella io Verdcourt, 1974
 Subulinidae – terrestrial
 Allopeas clavulinum (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)
 Opeas hannense (Rang, 1831)
 Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Striosubulina sp.
 Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1789)
 Limacidae – terrestrial
 Ambigolimax waterstoni Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022 – not recorded since 1930s

See also
 List of endangered species in the British Isles
 Biota of the Isle of Man#Mollusca (molluscs)
 List of non-marine molluscs of Ireland
 List of non-marine molluscs of the Netherlands
 Arthur Erskine Ellis, an important 20th century author on non-marine molluscs of the UK

References

External links
 The Families of British Non-marine Molluscs (Slugs, Snails and Mussels)
 another format of 2005 checklist
 overview of BAP priority species
 UK Biodiversity Action Plans from 1995-1999

Lists of animals of the British Isles
Fauna of Great Britain
Lists of biota of the United Kingdom
Great Brit
Great Britain
Great Britain
Molluscs, non-marine


Harry Smith LaForme  (born October 31, 1946) is a Canadian judge.

A member of the Mississaugas people, LaForme is the first appellate court judge in Canadian history with a First Nations background. He has served as the Commissioner of the Indian Commission of Ontario; as the Chair of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Land Claims; and – until his resignation in October 2008 – as head of the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

LaForme graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1977 and was called to the Ontario Bar in 1979."

In 2002, LaForme served on the Ontario Divisional Court panel that ruled that denying same-sex couples the right to marry was a violation of their civil rights; his suggestion – that marriage be redefined – was subsequently adopted by the Court of Appeal for Ontario.

Career

After graduating from Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto in 1977,  he articled at Osler, Hoskin and Harcourt and was called to the Ontario Bar in 1979.  He joined the firm's corporate commercial law practice briefly as an associate, and then started his own practice to focus on Aboriginal law.  During that time, he litigated and was known for constitutional law and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. He appeared before all levels of court and represented Aboriginal interests throughout Canada and abroad, including in Geneva, Switzerland, New Zealand, and the British Parliament.

Justice LaForme was appointed Commissioner of the Indian Commission of Ontario in 1989 and then Chief Commissioner of the Federal Indian Claims Commission from 1992 to 1994. From October 1989 to June 1990 Justice LaForme also co-chaired the independent National Chiefs Task Force on Native Land Claims.

He taught at Osgoode Hall Law School in 1992 and 1993, after which he was appointed to serve as an Ontario Court of Justice (General Division) Judge in 1994.  At the time, only two other Aboriginal people had ever been appointed to this level of trial court in Canada.  Justice LaForme was appointed to the Ontario Court of Appeal in 2004, being the first Aboriginal person ever to sit on any appellate court in Canada.  He left the Court of Appeal to serve as first Chair named to the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission regarding Aboriginal peoples. On October 20, 2008 he resigned citing insubordination and returned to the Court of Appeal for Ontario, where he worked as a judge until he retired in October 2018.

Honours

Justice LaForme's own Aboriginal people have recognized his accomplishments with honours such as the 1997 National Aboriginal Achievement Award in the area of Law and Justice and presenting him with at least 6 Eagle Feathers, which symbolize the virtues of honesty, integrity, and respect.  Aboriginal elders bestowed these and other honours upon Justice LaForme on different occasions, including when he was sworn in as an Appellate Judge.

In 2007, a $500 first year law student bursary was established in his name at the University of Windsor. Justice LaForme was an Olympic Torch carrier for the 2010 Canada Winter Olympic Games.

In 2013, Justice LaForme was awarded an honorary doctorate in education at Nipissing University.

In 2017, Justice LaForme was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws, honoris causa (lld) by the Law Society of Upper Canada at its Call to the Bar Ceremony in Toronto.

LaForme was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2022, with the rank of Officer.

References

External links
 A Nation Apologises for "killing the Indian in the child", Indo Canada Outlook.com, 2008

Publications

 \

Living people
1946 births
Mississauga people
Justices of the Court of Appeal for Ontario
Indspire Awards
Officers of the Order of Canada
Lawyers from Hamilton, Ontario


José Manuel Cruzalta Cruz (born 8 April 1978), is a retired Mexican football defender.

Club career
He made his debut with Toluca on 14 February 2001 in a 3–1 loss against Tecos UAG.

Cruzalta also split time with Toluca's farm team, Atlético Mexiquense, where he served as the team's captain.

Honours
 Toluca
Primera División de México (4): Apertura 2002, Apertura 2005, Apertura 2008, Bicentenario 2010

External links

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from the State of Mexico
Men's association football defenders
Deportivo Toluca F.C. players
Atlético Morelia players
Deportivo Toluca F.C. Reserves and Academy footballers
Lobos BUAP footballers
Liga MX players
Mexican men's footballers


Metabacterium polyspora is an unusual multiple endospore-producing bacterium isolated from the cecum of guinea pigs. This bacterium is physically similar to the phylogenetically related surgeonfish intestinal symbiont Epulopiscium fishelsoni.

References

Further reading

Eubacteriales
Bacteria genera
Enigmatic bacteria taxa


Chris Vincent (20 January 1935 – 18 February 2021) was a British motorcycle sidecar road racer who was very successful in short-circuit (tarmac) racing in the 1960s and early 1970s. He entered Grands Prix using BSA, BMW and URS engines. He also rode solo motorcycles, particularly in the smaller race classes and production-machine categories.

Early life
Vincent was born in Birmingham, West Midlands in January 1935. He left school at the age of fifteen and joined the BSA factory situated in Birmingham. In 1954 he joined the Norton race shop and started racing in speedway and on grass using a speedway machine with a JAP engine, later replaced by BSA engines. Whilst working for Norton, Vincent came into contact with established sidecar racer Cyril Smith and became interested in sidecars, later becoming grasstrack National Sidecar Champion in 1958.

Road Racing career
Before becoming well known through road-racing in the 1960s, Vincent returned to work for BSA as a bike-tester based in the Birmingham area involving road testing for performance and economy including regular stints at the MIRA proving ground.

After racing on grass-tracks and speedway, he graduated to tarmac courses in 1959 on a BSA. He raced a solo BSA Road Rocket in the Thruxton 500 mile endurance race partnered by Norman Storer finishing seventh, and again a BSA C15 in the 1961 Silverstone 1000 endurance event, partnered by Bert Morris, finishing with speedway and selling his outfit in 1961.

He first entered the Isle of Man Sidecar TT race in 1960 followed by 1961, with DNFs in both events. He then won in 1962 with passenger Eric Bliss whom he first raced with for part of the 1961 season, establishing the first all-British Sidecar TT win since 1954, the first mountain circuit win by a British machine since 1925, and the first-ever international TT victory by a BSA.

Vincent campaigned the early BSA A7 500  cc pre-unit construction engined sidecar outfits and then later the unit-construction A50 engines when these became available after 1962. During the 1960s some sidecar races particularly those carrying World Championship status including the TT were restricted to 500  cc, whereas the UK national series races had classes where 650  cc (BSA A65 in Chris' case) and larger engines were used.

He is associated with popularising the true 'kneeler' concept, and although this was earlier attributed to Eric Oliver who used a semi-kneeler in the 1950s, Chris' own frame designs enabled a sidecar outfit with a much lower frontal area and smaller proportions hence better streamlining and lower centre of gravity which is fundamental for high-speed cornering. Vincent believed his road-racing success was in part due to his experiences on grass giving him an advantage over many of his rivals, stating "Where I have an advantage over many of my rivals is on corners. The power comes in much sooner and my grass track experience has taught me how to avoid and get out of trouble".

Chris later used the only reliable, competitive engine for Grands Prix and UK 500cc events, the flat-twin BMW RS54 Rennsport.

During the middle 1960s, sidecar riders sought to achieve greater engine capacities and basic raw power. This included use of car engines and three-wheeled, car-type layouts driving a pair of front wheels.

He started to develop a new concept with a repositioned Rennsport BMW engine. Instead of a shaft driving the rear wheel, it would drive the front and sidecar wheels. The outfit was soon 'outlawed' by the FIM, the European road-race regulatory body, as the front and rear wheels (non-sidecar) were designed to be out-of-line, hence deemed to be a three-wheeler (or cyclecar), causing Vincent to revert to his 'old', conventional outfit.

For the 1972 season Vincent used a Munch-URS engine based on a Helmut Fath design. He finished fourth in the Championship with a win at the Finnish Grand Prix held at Imatra.

Before the start of the 1973 season, Munch backer American George Bell pulled the finance from the race team, putting the project up for sale, leaving Vincent without machinery. Vincent retired from competition in 1974 after campaigning a Yamaha-engined outfit, although he continued to ride in demonstration events.

Personal life
During the 1980s Vincent had a motor cycle shop in Earl Shilton, Leicestershire where he still lived.

His sons Max (born 1969) and Jason (born 1972) were both established as solo motorcycle road-racers by the 1990 season. Jason 'Jay' Vincent was a successful racer at national, international and world level during the 1990s and continuing into the 2000s, scoring points in the British round of 2001 500cc GP at Donington Park on a Red Bull Yamaha when standing-in for injured Garry McCoy, having been released by his Pulse team for the event. He retired at the end of 2006 season.

Always a motor enthusiast, during the 1990s Chris had an American Vixen motorhome (a compact-size, high-quality, low-volume production, low exterior profile, coachbuilt camper with a BMW diesel engine) and owned Brough Superior vintage motorcycles.

Vincent died in February 2021 at the age of 86.

Sources

External links
 Images of Vincent's BSA outfit showing rubber-in-compression rear suspension,  Minilite magnesium-alloy wheel, Dunlop car racing tyre and disc brake
 Image of Chris Vincent on 250 cc Yamaha YX52 4-cyl 4-stroke at Mallory Park, 2013
 Chris Vincent competitor profile at Isle of Man TT Official Site

1935 births
2021 deaths
British motorcycle racers
Isle of Man TT riders
Sportspeople from Birmingham, West Midlands
Sidecar racers
Place of death missing


Number 1 is the first Japanese album by South Korean boy band Big Bang, released by YG Entertainment and Universal Music Japan in Japan. Some of the songs were written and composed by the members themselves, most notably G-Dragon. The album includes the group's first two mini-albums in Japan and songs from their third mini-album in South Korea. Noticeably, this album is primarily in English and includes versions of songs previously released in Korean.

Track listing

References

External links
Big Bang Official site
Big Bang Japan Official Site
Big Bang by Universal Music Japan

BigBang (South Korean band) albums
2008 albums
Universal Music Japan albums
Japanese-language albums
Albums produced by G-Dragon


Capilla is a Spanish municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. It has a population of 189 (2007) and an area of 147 km².

References

External links
Official website
Profile

Municipalities in the Province of Badajoz


Arthur Walter Adams White (October 10, 1907 – July 9, 1973) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.

White was born in East Zorra Township to James and Floria White (née Adams).  His parents had emigrated from England in 1903 and moved to Galt (now Cambridge, Ontario) in 1908, when Arthur was a year old.  Arthur White attended the Galt Collegiate Institute and St. Michael's College School in Toronto.  He went on to earn a B.A. from the University of Toronto and obtained a law degree from Osgoode Hall in 1938.

White established a legal practice in Galt in 1939, and became involved in civic life.  In the 1953 federal election, he was elected under the Liberal Party of Canada banner to represent the riding of Waterloo South.  Defeated in the 1957 election, he returned to Galt politics and as a member of the Parks Board campaigned fiercely for Galt's 1959 purchase of the farm which is now Churchill Park.

Arthur White Street in Cambridge, Ontario is named for him.

Electoral record

References

External links

Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Politicians from Cambridge, Ontario
1907 births
1973 deaths


Miguel Ángel Almazán Quiróz (born May 6, 1982), is a former Mexican football defender. His original club Toluca debuted him on April 20, 2002 in a 2-2 tie against Cruz Azul. He so far has made 80 appearances with the team, and has scored on two occasions.

Honors

Toluca
Primera División de México (4): Apertura 2002, Apertura 2005, Apertura 2008, Primera División de México Bicentenario 2010,

Tijuana
Liga MX (1): Apertura 2012'''

External links

1982 births
Living people
Mexican men's footballers
Liga MX players
Deportivo Toluca F.C. players
Club Tijuana footballers
Men's association football defenders


Corte de Peleas is a Spanish municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. It has a population of 1,257 (2007) and an area of 42.3 km².

References

External links
Official website
Profile

 auto

Municipalities in the Province of Badajoz


Events and publications

Year overall
 National Comics Publications v. Fawcett Publications is settled out of court; Fawcett agrees to quit using the Captain Marvel character(s) and pay DC Comics the sum of $400,000. Subsequently, Fawcett leaves the comics publishing business.
 Tut le Blanc's comic strip An Altar Boy Named Speck is first syndicated.
 The first episode of Yaakov Ashman and Elisheva Nadal's Gidi Gezer is published.

January
 January 9: Héctor Germán Oesterheld and Hugo Pratt's Sergeant Kirk makes its debut in the comics magazine Misterix.
January 20: In the story Avventura nell’Utah by Gian Luigi Bonelli and Galep, Tex Willer becomes supreme chief of the Navajo under the name “Night Eagle”.

February
 February 7: The first issue of the British comics magazine The Topper is published, which will run until 15 September 1990. In its first issue David Law's Beryl the Peril makes its debut.
 February 23: The Nero story De Ring van Petatje by Marc Sleen is first published in the newspapers. Halfway the story Petatje makes her debut.
 February 24: Byron Aptosoglou publishes Mikrós Íros (The Little Hero), which will run until 18 June 1968.
 February 25: The Flemish children's magazine Pum-Pum becomes a supplement of the newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws. It will run until 11 January 1967.
 In Walt Disney’s comics and stories Carl Barks' Donald Duck story Flip decision April, May and June make their debut.

March
 March 9: Elliott Caplin and Stan Drake's The Heart of Juliet Jones makes its debut. It will run until 1 January 2000.
 Jumbo Comics (1938 series), with issue #167, canceled by Fiction House.
 in Four Color, Back to the Klondike and Somethin' Fishy Here by Carl Barks ; in the first story Goldie O'Gilt makes her debut.

April
 April 1: The fourth issue of Mad Magazine features Harvey Kurtzman and Wally Wood's classic Superman parody Superduperman. This is the first specific comic book parody in Mad and strikes a nerve among readers. The previously low-selling Mad now finally becomes a best-seller.
 April 15: first issue of Collana Arco (Edizioni Audace), Italian western series without a fixed protagonist.
 April 18: Barrie Appleby's Roger the Dodger makes its debut in The Beano.
 April 30: The first issue of Chez Nous Junior, a junior supplement to the Belgian magazine Chez Nous and a French-language version of the Dutch-language magazine Ons Volkske is published. In the first issue Tibet's Chick Bill makes its debut, albeit in a talking animal comic strip version. The cast will be humanized two years later.
 Master Comics, with issue #133, cancelled by Fawcett.

May
 May 5: First issue of the Italian series Kociss (Tomasina), one of the few Western comics with a Native American as a protagonist.
 May 30: In Charles M. Schulz' Peanuts Lucy van Pelt is first seen trying to get Schroeder's romantic attention. This will become a running gag in the series.
 Rolf Kauka's Fix and Foxi makes its debut.

June
 June 23: first issue of the western series Il cavaliere nero (The black cavalier, Edizioni Audace)  written by Gian Luigi Bonelli and drawn by EsseGesse.
 Whiz Comics, with issue #155, canceled by Fawcett.
 Captain Marvel Jr., with issue #118, canceled by Fawcett.

July
 July 15: first issue of Tiramolla (Edizioni Alpe),
 .Lorna the Jungle Girl, issue #1, created by Don Rico and Werner Roth.

August
 August 5: in Le journal de Tinitn, first chapter of The yellow M, by Edgar Pierre Jacobs.
 August 8: In David Law's Dennis the Menace and Gnasher Walter Brown makes his debut.
 August 25: first strip of Mickey's Dangerous Double, by Bill Walsh and Floyd Gottfredson.
 August 29: Mars Ravelo's Bondying makes its debut.

September
 September 12: The final issue of the British comics magazine Illustrated Chips is published and merges with Film Fun.
 September 19: Paddy Brennan's General Jumbo makes its debut in The Beano.
 September 22: The passing of H. T. Webster also means the end of his long-running comic strip Timid Soul, better known under the name of its protagonist, Casper Milquetoast.
 Four Color 495; it includes two classic Carl Barks’ stories, The Round Money Bin and The Horseradish Story.
 The British comics magazine Comic Cuts is disestablished and merges with Knockout.
 The first issue of Little Dot is published, in which Richie Rich makes his debut.
 Joe Kubert and Norman Maurer's Tor makes its debut.

October
 October 1: The first issues of the Dutch children's and comics magazines Okki and Taptoe are published. The magazines will run until 2016.
 October 10: Leo Baxendale's Little Plum makes its debut in The Beano.

November
 November 10: in Topolino, Romano Scarpa makes his debut as Disney author, drawing Biancaneve e Verdefiamma, a sequel to Snow White and the seven dwarfs, written by Guido Martina.
 Captain Marvel Adventures (1941 series), with issue #150, canceled by Fawcett Comics.
 Hopalong Cassidy, with issue #85, canceled by Fawcett Comics.
 Two-Gun Kid (1948 series), with issue #11, revived by Marvel.
 Weird Fantasy, with issue #22, merges with Weird Science to become Weird Science-Fantasy (EC Comics)

December
 December 4: The Spirou and Fantasio story La Turbotraction is first prepublished in Spirou. Halfway the story Seccotine the journalist makes her debut.
 December 19: Leo Baxendale's Minnie the Minx makes its debut in The Beano.
 December 20: in the French magazine Vaillant, debut of Arthur le fantome justicer (Arthur the Ghost of Justice) by Jean Cezard
 December 23: Willy Vandersteen's gag comic  't Prinske debuts in Tintin.
 The long-running comics series Waddles is discontinued. Ray Carlson and Carol Hager had continued it since 1945.
 In Uncle Scrooge, The Menehune Mystery by Carl Barks.

Births

April
 April 3: Pieter Aspe, Belgian novelist and comics writer (wrote comics in collaboration with cartoonists like Kim Duchateau, Marec, Merho and Patrick van Oppen ), (d. 2021).
 April 3: Tiziano Sclavi, Italian comic writer, creator of Dylan Dog.
 April 12: Tanino Liberatore, Italian cartoonist.

April

 November 18: Alan Moore, British comic book writer (DC Comics, WildStorm).

Deaths

January
 January 5: Ramiz Gökçe, Turkish comics artist (Tombul Teyze and Sıska Dayı), dies at age 52.
 January 12: Wilfred R. Cyr, American comics artist (Cabin Boy Exploits of Eve), dies at age 73.
 January 23:
 Raymond De La Nezière, French illustrator and comics artist, dies at age 85.
 Albert Hahn Jr., Dutch illustrator, caricaturist and comics artist (made text comics for De Notenkraker), dies at age 68.

February
 February 14: Mary Bergman, wife of cartoonist Billy DeBeck and establisher of the annual Billy De Beck Awards, dies in a plane crash.

April
 April 18: Frank Reynolds, British cartoonist and illustrator (The Bristlewoods), dies at age 67.

May
 May 5: Dick Dorgan, American comics artist (Kid Dugan, Colonel Gilfeather, continued You Know Me, Al), dies at age 60.
 May 11: Hermann Schütz, German painter, illustrator and comic artist (Der Contibuben), dies at age 77.
 May 25: Charles Quinlan, aka Carl Quinn, American comics artist (worked for Funnies Inc., L.B. Cole Studio and Sangor Studio), dies at age 52.

June
 June 20: Émile-Joseph Pinchon, French comics artist (Bécassine), dies at age 72.

July
 July 24: Eelco Harmsen van der Beek, Dutch illustrator and comics artist (Flipje van Tiel), dies at age 56.
 July 31: Kornel Makuszyński, Polish novelist and comics writer (Koziołek Matołek), dies at age 69.

October
 October 2: Les Forgrave, American comics artist (Big Sister) and writer (Aladdin Junior, Secrets of Magic), dies at age 71.
 October 21: George Kerr, American comics artist and illustrator (Santa Claus Funnies), dies at age 84.

November
 November 29: Karl Arnold, German painter, caricaturist and comics artist (made various comics for Simplicissimus), dies at age 70.
 November 29: Milt Gross, American comics artist (He Done Her Wrong, Count Screwloose), dies at age 58.

December
 December 17: Stephen Slesinger, American radio, film and TV producer and comics writer (Red Ryder, King of the Royal Mounted), dies at age 51.
 December 25: William Haselden, British caricaturist, cartoonist and comics artist (The Sad Experiences of Big and Little Willie), dies at age 81.

Specific date unknown
 Curt Junghändel, German illustrator, dies at age 78 or 79.
 Leon Kern, French caricaturist and comics artist (La Famille Pouic), dies at age 69 or 70.

First issues by title

Atlas Comics/Marvel Comics
Bible Tales for Young Folk
Buck Duck
Crazy
Homer Hooper
Little Lizzie
Lorna the Jungle Queen
 Menace (Mar.)
Monkey and the Bear, The
Patsy and her Pals
Secret Story Romances
Speed Carter, Spaceman
Wendy Parker Comics

Other publishers
 Atomic Mouse (Mar.) — Charlton Comics
 Classics Illustrated Junior (Oct.) — Gilberton
 Little Dot (Sept.) — Harvey Comics
Princess Knight, by Osamu Tezuka, first serialized in Kodansha's Shōjo Club (Jan.)
 The Topper #1 (Feb. 7) - D.C. Thomson and Co.
 Uncle Scrooge (Dec.) — Dell Comics

Renamed titles

Atlas Comics/Marvel Comics
Battle Brady #10 renamed from Men in Action
Bible Tales for Young People #3 renamed from Bible Tales for Young Folk
Combat Casey #6 renamed from War Combat
Miss America #50 renamed from Miss America Magazine
Young Men #21 renamed from Young Men on the Battlefield
Young Men in Action #24 renamed from Young Men

Other publishers
United States Marines #7-11 renamed from Fighting Leathernecks - Toby Press

Initial appearances by character name

DC Thomson & Co.
 Beryl the Peril, in The Topper #1 (Feb. 7)
 General Jumbo, in The Beano #583 (19 Sept.)
 Little Plum, in The Beano #586 (10 Oct.)
 Minnie the Minx, in The Beano #596 (19 Dec.)
 Roger the Dodger, in The Beano #561 (18 Apr.)

Other publishers
 Atomic Mouse, in Atomic Mouse #1 (Charlton Comics, Mar.)
 Captain 3-D, in Captain 3-D #1 (Harvey Comics, Dec.)
 Captain Harlock, in Adventures of a Honeybee
 Little Lotta, in Little Dot #1 (Harvey Comics, Sept.)
 Richie Rich, in Little Dot #1 (Harvey Comics, Sept.)
 Ringo Kid, in The Ringo Kid Western #1 (Atlas Comics, Aug.)
 Superduperman, in Mad #4 (EC, Apr./May)
 Zombie, in Menace #5 (Atlas Comics, July)

References


Southcoast247, a subsidiary of the SouthCoast Media Group, is an arts & entertainment magazine and online web site based in New Bedford, Massachusetts.

Online
Southcoast247.com launched on October 4, 2004 to "fill in the gap for a comprehensive Arts & Entertainment site to serve the 18- to 34-year-old demographic of the SouthCoast region of Massachusetts." Southcoast247.com covers a wide spectrum of entertainment, both locally and nationally, including music, movies, technology, arts, sports, and fashion. In July 2009, its staff was liquidated. Today, the South Coast Media Group largely uses the brand to recycle mainstream media content.

Online Awards
 2005: Best Web Site Idea, Circulation 20,001 - 60,000, New England Newspaper Advertising Executives Association, Advertising Awards.
 2008: Finalist for Best Local Guide or Entertainment Site, Circulation Less Than 75,000 — The Newspaper Association of America.
 2008: CoolHomePages Design Award in Entertainment, Color Schemes, Ezine, Usability, and Very Clean categories.

Print
The first issue of Southcoast247 PRINT was released in September 2007. The magazine was a free monthly publication available in 12 Southeastern Massachusetts towns and cities.

In January 2009, Southcoast247 PRINT was cancelled due to budget cuts. Southcoast247 is now a web portal used to recycle South Coast Today content.

References

External links
 Southcoast247 Official Website
 Southcoast247 on MySpace

Entertainment magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Online magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Free magazines
Magazines established in 2007
Magazines disestablished in 2009
Magazines published in Massachusetts
Online magazines with defunct print editions


Diocese of Atlanta may refer to:

the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta
the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Atlanta (Diocese of Atlanta, 1956–1962)


Ernst August Wagner (22 September 1874 – 27 April 1938) was a German teacher with depression who became a mass murderer when on 4 September 1913 he killed his wife and four children by stabbing in Degerloch. He subsequently drove to Mühlhausen an der Enz where he set several fires and shot 20 people, of whom at least nine died, before he was beaten unconscious by furious villagers and left for dead.

He was the first person in Württemberg to be found not guilty by reason of insanity after several psychiatric assessments had diagnosed him with paranoia. He was brought to an asylum in Winnenthal, where he wrote several plays and dramas. He died there of tuberculosis in 1938.

Early life and education

Ernst August Wagner was born on 22 September 1874 in Eglosheim near Ludwigsburg as the ninth of ten children, as well as one half-brother and half-sister. Most of his siblings died early, so that in 1913 only two sisters and one brother remained. After his father, a poor peasant with drinking problems, died one day before Ernst Wagner's second birthday, the indebted family was forced to sell their farm. His mother tried to make a living by running a small shop; she soon remarried, but due to her many affairs, the marriage ended in divorce when Ernst was seven years old.

Ernst Wagner, who was known as the "widow's boy" in the village, had depression and suicidal thoughts;  he was quite intelligent and did well enough at school to earn a public stipend.  In this way, despite his poverty, he was able to study and become a teacher.

Career
After his qualifying exam, he worked as an auxiliary teacher at several schools in Württemberg from 1894 to 1901, though in April 1900 he was suspended for six months because of "severe nervousness and irritability". He then went to Switzerland for two months, where he tried to sell some of his poems to newspapers.

In July 1901, Wagner was assigned a teaching position in Mühlhausen an der Enz, where he stayed until 1902. Sometime in the summer of 1901, while drunk, he sodomized an animal. He then became increasingly wary and suspicious that others might be aware of his deed, and began to see signs and hints that the villagers of Mühlhausen were mocking him for this act of bestiality. For this reason, he bought a revolver, which he always carried with him from that point on so that he could evade a potential arrest.

That same year, Wagner began an affair with Anna Friedericke Schlecht, the daughter of a local innkeeper.  He hated the Schlecht family, thinking that his future father-in-law despised him, and tried to avoid marrying Anna, but marriage became a foregone conclusion when she became pregnant by him and gave birth to a daughter, Klara, in the spring of 1902.

In December 1902, Wagner's mother, to whom he felt deeply attached, died. He took his final examination as a teacher and was transferred to Radelstetten, a poor and isolated village. Although he was embittered to be ordered to such a place, it also temporarily eased his feelings of constant persecution, even though the incident of sodomy continued to haunt him. On December 29, 1903, he and Anna Schlecht married in Ludwigsburg, mostly due to pressure from outside, as their daughter Klara was already ten months old.  However, he neither loved his wife nor feigned love, and while he treated her kindly, he considered her more of a servant, because of her intellectual inferiority.

In the summer of 1904 he once again went to Switzerland, trying twice to commit suicide there, once by drowning himself and by jumping off a bridge, though both attempts failed, because he was, according to his own words, too weak. In the following years his wife bore four more children, concluding in July 1909 with Rudolph Alfred. Wagner was said to have been unhappy about the births of his children and complained about the financial stress of feeding his family; he was seemingly indifferent to the interruption of his birthday in 1909 by infant Rudolph's death.

Some time in 1906 or 1907, thinking that the people from Mühlhausen had passed on their knowledge about his crime, the feelings of being ridiculed and watched by others returned, and as a consequence he began to make plans to take revenge on those whom he deemed to be the cause of his misery, the villagers, and especially the men, of Mühlhausen. In autumn 1907 he bought the first Mauser pistol, the other one following in 1909 and, with his bicycle, which he loved more than anyone or anything else, he made extensive journeys through the surrounding area and sharpened his shooting skills in remote forests.

Between 1909 and 1911 he made several requests to be transferred to another school, which was finally granted, so that on 1 May 1912 he began his work at a school in Degerloch, a suburb of Stuttgart. At that time he also decided to go ahead with his plan to avenge the derision he had to endure, as even at his new workplace he saw hints of people "knowing", and initially chose the spring of 1913 to put it into practice, but finally determined the last days of the summer holidays for his revenge. In the days leading to the murders he wrote several letters to explain his deed.

Family murders
Wagner began his killing spree on 4 September 1913 at about 5 a.m., when he knocked his sleeping wife unconscious by hitting her on the head with a blackjack, before stabbing her numerous times in her throat and chest with a dagger, cutting her carotid arteries and hitting her heart and lungs. Afterwards he successively entered the bedrooms of his two sons, Robert and Richard, and his daughters, Klara and Elsa, and stabbed each of them in their throat and chest. Wagner initially claimed that he had also hit his children with the blackjack, though later he was uncertain of this. All of his victims died of massive haemorrhaging.

After covering his family members' bodies with blankets, Wagner got out of his blood-soaked nightshirt and washed himself, before packing a bag with three guns (two Mauser C96 and a small revolver), 500 rounds of ammunition, a black veil from his wife and a belt. He subsequently left his home, leaving a note at his own door that the family was jaunting to Ludwigsburg, as well as another one at the door of Mrs Stepper, the proprietor of the house he was living in, ordering milk and leaving behind 35 pfennige as payment.

With his cycle he then rode towards Stuttgart and took a train to Ludwigsburg, where he bought a backpack, before making his way to his brother's home in Eglosheim, arriving there at about 11 a.m.

As his brother was not at home, Wagner chatted a while with his wife, telling her he wanted to spend the night at their home after fetching his children from Mühlhausen, and, as it could get late, the house should stay accessible to him during the night. In an unobserved moment he hid 228 rounds in a haystack in the garden. Wagner, accompanied by his nephew and niece, walked to the next train station, where he took a train to Bietigheim at about 1 p.m. From there he took off towards Großsachsenheim, where he mailed letters to several people, among them some of his relatives (one of them, addressed to his sister, simply reading "Take poison! Ernst" (Nimm Gift! Ernst)) and theologist and philosopher Christoph Schrempf, as well as a newspaper. Subsequently, he returned to Bietigheim, where he got his bicycle checked by a mechanic and mailed two copies of his autobiography, one again to Christoph Schrempf. At about 7 p.m. he left for Mühlhausen an der Enz.

Shooting spree

Wagner reached the hills near Mühlhausen at about 11 p.m., where he girdled himself with the belt, put a cap on his head and took the two Mauser C96s, as well as a handbag containing ammunition, the black veil and a file. His bicycle and the small revolver were later found hidden in a corn field. Next Wagner set out to cut the telephone lines to the village, but as the poles looked too high to him and due to heavy rain that had set in by that time, he dropped that part of his plan and immediately went into Mühlhausen, where he set fire to four barns. The lower part of his face hidden with the veil he began walking through the streets, shooting at any male person that crossed his path. Wagner later claimed that his female victims were accidentally hit.

In total he spent about 80 rounds and shot 20 people, instantly killing eight of them, as well as two animals, and several buildings burned to the ground, before the villagers, with help of the military, managed to extinguish the fires. A ninth person, Jakob Knötzele, was mortally wounded and died a few hours after the shooting had ended. At one point Wagner forgot to reload his weapons and thus three men were able to strike him down with hoes and sabres. He suffered several wounds in his face and right hand, and his left hand was smashed and nearly cut off. Knocked unconscious, he was disarmed and left for dead, but at 2 a.m. a police officer found him lying on the street, still breathing. When he regained consciousness, Wagner immediately confessed to killing his family, and stated that he would have committed suicide in the end, but as this was now impossible, he would appreciate if he'd be sentenced to death and decapitated.

Finally, in the evening of 5 September 1913, Wagner, who uttered concerns that he might get ill if he'd stay too long in Mühlhausen, was brought to a hospital in Vaihingen, where his left forearm was amputated and his other wounds treated.

Victims

Later life
He was the first person in Württemberg to be found not guilty by reason of insanity after several psychiatric assessments diagnosed him with paranoia. He was brought to an asylum in Winnenthal, where he wrote several plays and dramas and lived for another 25 years.
He died there of tuberculosis in 1938.

See also
Bremen school shooting, another German mass shooting by a teacher committed the same year

Literature
 Foerster, Klaus (Hrsg.): Wahn und Massenmord. Perspektiven und Dokumente zum Fall Wagner. Verlag Sindlinger-Burchartz, Frickenhausen 1999, .
 van Raden, Rolf: Patient Massenmörder. Der Fall Ernst Wagner und die biopolitischen Diskurse. Unrast-Verlag, Münster 2009,  (Edition DISS Bd. 25)
 Blom, Philipp: Der taumelnde Kontinent – Europa 1900–1914. München: Carl Hanser-Verlag 2009, S. 421-452 (chapter: 1913 – Wagners Wahn).

References

External links
Mad teacher kills 15, wounds 16, The New York Times (September 6, 1913)
Man who slew 15 insane, The New York Times (February 5, 1914)
Massenmörder Wagner irrsinnig, Vorarlberger Volksblatt (February 6, 1914)
Der Massenmord in Mühlhausen - Die Beerdigung der Opfer, Reichspost (September 9, 1913)
Die Bluttat des Lehrers Wagner - Das letzte Verhör mit dem Mörder, Die Neue Zeitung (10 September 1913)
 Ernst Wagner - Ein Lehrer, Dichter und Massenmörder muehlhausen-enz.de, 2011, Quelle Wikipedia!

1874 births
1938 deaths
1913 murders in Germany
1910s mass shootings in Europe
20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
Criminals from Baden-Württemberg
Familicides
German arsonists
German male dramatists and playwrights
German mass murderers
German murderers of children
German spree killers
Mass murder in 1913
People acquitted by reason of insanity
People from Ludwigsburg
Spree shootings in Germany
Stabbing attacks in Germany
Tuberculosis deaths in Nazi Germany
Violence against men in Europe
Zoophilia