Trimecaine (systematic name (2,4,6-trimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)diethylammonium chloride, chemical formula C15H25ClN2O) is an organic compound used as a local anesthetic and cardial antiarrhythmic. It is white crystalline powder readily soluble in water and ethanol. It is an active ingredient in products available under trademarks Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain and others.

History
Trimecaine is probably a Czech discovery (in light of complex pharmacological and clinical evaluation and practical deployment) although its preparation was published by Löfgren in 1946.

Action mechanism, pharmacokinetics
Like other local anesthetics belonging in the amide group trimecaine decreases the cell membrane permeability, causes depolarization and shortens the action potential. Anesthetic effect starts within 15 minutes and remains 60–90 minutes. Its biological half-life is ca. 90 minutes. 10% of trimecaine is excreted unchanged (90% as its metabolites). It passes through the hematoencephalic and placental barriers.

Indication
Trimecaine has two main application fields. The first one is local anesthesia (topical, infiltrational, topical mucosal and inhalational, spinal and Bier's intravenous). It is used in concentrations 0.4 up to 4%, in some cases (e.g. in stomatology) in mixtures with adrenaline. The other field is prophylaxis and therapy of ventriculous arrhythmia on myocardial infarction and in cardiosurgery. It is used also for prophylaxis of sympathetic reaction during tracheal intubations.

Contraindication
Trimecaine must not be used at hypersensitivity on amide anesthetics, hypervolemia, hypotension, cardial conduction defects, asystole, cardiogenic shock and malignant hyperthermia in anamnesis.

Adverse effects
Rarely allergic reactions may occur (from dermal or mucosal symptoms to anaphylactic shock). At overdosing a toxical reaction arises - excitation, agitation, dishevelment, visual defects, buzzing in ears, muscle thrill to tremor, in more severe cases somnolence, hyporeflexia, breathing defects to apnea, convulsions.

References

Local anesthetics
Antiarrhythmic agents
Acetanilides
Diethylamino compounds


KWPM (1450 AM, "1450 News Radio KWPM") is a radio station licensed to serve West Plains, Missouri. The station was created in 1947 by Robert Neathery. KWPM signed on for the first time on July 15, 1947. KWPM is now owned by Greg Hoskins, through licensee Better Newspapers, Inc., and airs a news-talk format.

KWPM's signal was repeated by KUKU (1330 kHz) in Willow Springs, Missouri until KUKU went silent in March 2013.

References

External links
KWPM official website
Ozark Radio Network

WPM
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Howell County, Missouri


Bachtyar Ali Muhammed (; ; born 1960), is a Kurdish novelist, intellectual, literary critic, essayist, and poet. Ali started out as a poet and essayist, but has established himself as an influential novelist from the mid-1990s. He has published thirteen novels, and several collections of poetry and essays.

Since the mid-1990s, Ali has been living in Germany  (Frankfurt, Cologne and most recently Bonn). In his academic essays, he has dealt with various subjects, such as the 1988 Saddam-era Anfal genocide campaign, the relationship between the power and intellectuals and other philosophical issues. He often employs western philosophical concepts to interpret an issue in Kurdish society, modifying or adapting them to his context.

In 2016 his novel Ghezelnus u Baxekani Xeyal ("Ghazalnus and the Gardens of Imagination") was published in English under the title I Stared at the Night of the City. The first Kurdish-language novel to be published in English, it was translated by London-based journalist and translator Kareem Abdulrahman. In the same year, his novel Duwahamin Henari Dunya ("The World's Last Pomegranate") was translated into German by Rawezh Salim and Ute Cantera-Lang under the title Der letzte Granatapfel ("The Last Pomegranate").

Education

Ali finished his pre-university education in Slemani. He attended Shaykh Salam Primary School, Azmar Secondary School and Halkawt Preparatory School. He started studying Geology at the University of Sulaimani, and later Salahaddin University in Arbil (Kurdish, Hawler:هەولێر), the current capital of Iraq's Kurdistan Region. Ali speaks Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, German, and has a working knowledge of English.

Writing career

He wrote his first prominent piece of writing in 1983, a long poem called Nishtiman ("The Homeland"; Kurdish; نیشتمان). His first article, titled La parawezi bedangi da ("In the margin of silence") in the Pashkoy, Iraq newspaper in 1989. He started to publish and hold seminars after the 1991 uprising against the Iraqi government, as the Kurds started to establish a de facto semi-autonomous region in parts of Iraqi Kurdistan and enjoy a degree of freedom of speech. He could not have published most of his work before 1991 because of strict political censorship under Saddam.

Along with several other writers of his generation—most notably Mariwan Wirya Qani, Rebin Hardi and Sherzad Hasan—he started a new intellectual movement in Kurdistan, mainly through holding seminars. The same group in 1991 started publishing a philosophical journal, Azadi ("Freedom"; Kurdish:ئازادی), of which only five issues were published, and then Rahand ("Dimension"; Kurdish:رەهەند).

In 1992, he published his first book, a poetry collection titled Gunah w Karnaval ("Sin and the Carnival"; Kurdish:گوناه و کەڕنەڤال). It contained several long poems, some which were written in the late 1980s. His first novel, Margi Taqanay Dwam ("The death of the second only child"; Kurdish:مەرگی تاقانەی دووەم), the first draft of which was written in the late 1980s, was published in 1997.

In 2017, he received the Nelly-Sachs-Preis award, which is only given every other year. It was the first time that the prize was awarded to an author publishing in a non-European language.

Bibliography

Novels
His novels can be categorized as magic realism.

 Mergî Taqaney Diwem (The Death of the Second Only Child), 1997.
 Êwarey Perwane (Parwana's Evening), 1998.
 Diwahemîn Henary Dûnya (The Last Pomegranate of the World), 2002.
 Şary Mosîqare Spiyekan (The City of the White Musicians), 2006.
 Xezelnûs û Baxekanî Xeyal (Ghazalnus and the Gardens of Imagination), 2008.
 Koşkî Balinde Xemgînekan (The Mansion of the Sad Birds), 2009.
 Cemşîd Xany Mamim: Ke Hemîşe Ba Legel Xoyda Deybird (My Uncle Jamshid Khan : Whom the Wind was Always Taking), 2010.
 Keştî Firiştekan – Kiteby Yekem (The Angels' Ship – Book One), 2012.
 Keştî Firiştekan – Kiteby Diwem (The Angels' Ship – Book Two), 2013.
 Hewrekanî Danial  (Danial's Clouds), 2015.
 Keşti Firiştekan – Kiteby Sêyem (The Angels' Ship – Book Three), 2017.
 Deryas û Laşekan (Daryas and the Bodies), 2019
Dagîrkirdinî tarîkî (Conquest in the Dark) 2020

Essays
 Îman û Cengaweranî (Faith and its Warriors), 2004.
 Xwênerî Kûşinde (Fatal Reader), 2005.
 Sêwî Sêhem (Third Apple), 2009.
 Çêjî Merigdostî (The Taste of Mournfluness), 2011.
 Le Diyarewe bo Nadiyar (From Visible to Invisible), 2011.
 Wek Balindey naw Cengele Tirsinakekan (Like the Birds in the Scary Jungles), 2012.
 Awrekey Orfîûos (Orpheus's Turn), 2014.
 Nersîsî Kûjraw (Murdered Narcissus), 2015.
 Rexne le 'Eqlî Faşîsty (Criticizing Fascistic Minds), 2015.
 Ciwaniyekany Nareky (The Beauties of Irregularity), 2015.
 Yadewery û Zemen (Memory and Time), 2015
 Naşwên (Nowhere), 2019.
 Aydolojîst (Ideologist), 2019.
 Opozisîon û Portirêtekany (Opposition and its Portraits), 2019.
 Diwa Xendey Dîktator (The Last Smile of Dictator), 2020.

Poetry
 Gûnah û Kerneval (The Sin and the Carnival), 1992.
 Bohîmy û Estêrekan (Bohemian and the Stars), 2000.
 Koy Berheme Şî'riyekan (Collection of complete works of poetry), 1983–1998.
 Îşkirdin le Daristanekany Fîrdewisda (Working in the Forests of Heaven), 2004.
 Ta Matemî gûl... Ta Xwênî Firişte ('Till the Funeral of Flower... 'Till the Angel's Blood); Complete works (1983–2004).
 Ey Benderî Dost, Ey Keştî Dûjmin (O the Port of Friend, O the Ship of Enemy), 2009.
 Şewêk Asman pir bû le Estêrey Şêt (A Night the Sky was Full of Crazy Stars), 2019.

Others
 Welam le Rojgarî Winbûnî Pirsiyarda (Answers in the Age of Absence of Questions); 13 reviews with the writer, 2003.
 Xorhelat û Lebîrkirawekany (East and its Forgottens), Zanyar Muhammad, 2019.
 Mêjûy Xoberhemhênanewe (The History of Regeneration), Omed Hama Ali, 2019.

Filmography

See also
 Mariwan Kanie
 Sara Omar
 Nalî
 Mahwi
 Piramerd
 Muhamed Amin Zaki
 Abdulla Goran
 Jamal Nebez
 Sherko Bekas
 Rafiq Hilmi
 Latif Halmat
 Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)

Notes

References

External links

 Bachtyar Ali's Official Website
 Bachtyar Ali on Instagram
 Bachtyar Ali's page on Facebook
 "A Kurdish imagination" - TLS
 "Kurdish novel re-writes rules" - BBC
 Perpetrators and Victims in Backtiar Ali's Kurdish Novel "The City of White Musicians"
 "The First Kurdish Novel Ever Translated Into English Bridges Politics, Poetry, and Johnny Depp Movies"
 http://www.nrttv.com/en/Details.aspx?Jimare=9839 "British publisher to release first Kurdish novel translated to English"

1966 births
Kurdish academics
University of Sulaymaniyah alumni
People from Sulaymaniyah
Kurdish writers
Kurds in Germany
20th-century Iraqi novelists
Living people
Iraqi Kurdish poets
20th-century Iraqi poets
21st-century Iraqi poets
21st-century Iraqi novelists


Castillo de Teayo is a mesoamerican Prehispanic archeological site and Mesoamerican pyramid, located in the La Huasteca region in northern Veracruz, Mexico. The main access to the site is via Federal Highway 130 México-Tuxpan up to the city of Teayo, it belongs to the Huastec culture and it is estimated it was inhabited between the 10th and 12th centuries.

In the modern era the contemporary settlement of Castillo de Teayo developed around the ancient pyramid that the settlement and its municipality of Castillo de Teayo were named after.
In the Tuxpan Canvas, this place is represented by the Teayotlán glyph. According to one version, the name etymology comes from the Huastec language word teayo o teayoc, which means “on the stone turtle”.

Another official version of the name is that it comes from the Nahuatl word Teayok, Te-ayo-k “Turtle on stone”. The site received its current name because there is a temple or archaeological monument in the municipality, as the only remaining vestige of a large ancient city, a mixture of the Olmec and Huastec cultures. It used to be called Tzapotlán.

Site history
This site was home to one of the ancient Huastec cities. Its occupation periods are calculated from the 10th to the 12th centuries, and during the Late Postclassic period it developed a strong Mexica influence. In the center of the town is a pyramidal shaped building that preserves part of its entire structure, with a stairway and a structure that crowned the building, probably a temple, and it is one of the few buildings of this type remaining in the Mesoamerican area.  Sculptures found in the surrounding area are kept in the small site museum. Their stylistic features depict phallic worship, very common in some cultural regions. More information is available in the small site museum which contains sculptures found during excavations of the city. Some of the sculptures that were found in the area characterized a cult-like phallic style, very popular in some ancient cultures.

This site combines various cultural traditions, first the Huastec (10th to 12th centuries), and the Aztec, in the late Postclassical. According to specialists, the architecture of the only remaining building is of Aztec filiation, although the village also had relationships with Toltec groups from the Mexican Plateau.

The Olmec-vixtoti culture became the Cuexteca or Huastec culture. In relation to the Maya and Toltec societies, there was an important influence on the site sculptures. However, there is another version that says that the sculptural style corresponds to a Toltec occupation.

The Huastec culture developed south of the current states of Tamaulipas, north of Veracruz, east of San Luis Potosí and small areas of the states of Puebla, Querétaro and Hidalgo. Although this geographic-cultural regionalization has not been stable through time, Teayo Castle is included in this region.

Structure – Castillo de Teayo

The Castillo de Teayo is a prehispanic pyramid of Toltec origin; its architectural and stylistic features reveal the influence of Huastec and Mexica cultures. The Castillo de Teayo is situated in a Valley, in the center of town and consists of three bodies, slightly inclined, separated by a landing. Its plant is square with sides of about 24 meters and height is more than 11 meters.

As an ornamental feature, it has a small flat molding, which runs all around its perimeter, at 1.40 meters high. Surrounding it were several sculptures of different size and style, which are currently at the Museum, along with other pieces from the site excavations.

The humidity has damaged the stucco and the archaeological jewel walls. The prehispanic Toltec pyramid with influence from the Huastec and Mexica cultures from the 15th century displays serious damages as a result of the neglect on the part of the National Institute of Anthropology and History. Municipality inhabitants are unhappy to see how the central pyramid and the ceremonial temple as the most archaeological asset in this area are affected by the lack of palm roofing which has failed to protect the priceless archaeological structure from water and moisture.

Site museum
INAH informs that a site museum exists located at Pyramid Plaza w/o number. Downtown, Zip Code 92940, Castillo de Teayo, Veracruz.

The cultural heritage comprises pre-Hispanic objects from the Veracruz northern region, mainly Castillo de Teayo archeological site – mostly stone sculptures with representations of gods, animals, and human figures. During the visit more information is available over the ancient site inhabitants, their origin and history, as well as details of the exhibited articles.

References

External links

Official Site Castillo de Teayo Municipality
 Veracruz Portal Veracruz archaeological sites

Mesoamerican sites
Former populated places in Mexico
Huastec sites
Aztec sites
Buildings and structures in Mesoamerica
Archaeological sites in Veracruz
Tourist attractions in Veracruz
Archaeological museums in Mexico
Museums in Veracruz


Lulu's Album (US title It's Lulu) is an album by British pop singer Lulu, released in 1969. Despite promotion from her TV show, Lulu and recently winning the Eurovision Song Contest, this album failed to chart. Her biggest British solo hit, Eurovision winner "Boom Bang-a-Bang", was not included on the album despite recently hitting No.2 in the UK singles chart. The song that placed 3rd in the A Song for Europe heats, "Come September" was featured on the track list. It was her last album with producer Mickie Most, who had guided her career successfully through the late 1960s. Lulu's Album contained an array of cover versions from recent pop and rock hits, which was common practice for many female artists at this point. Following this, Lulu was to change musical style for the next few years to a more credible and mature approach.

Lulu's Album was issued in the US (Epic) the following year as It's Lulu and again in 1972 as The Most of Lulu Volume 2. It has since been released on compact disc.

Track listing

Side one
 "Show Me" (Joe Tex)
 "Mighty Quinn" (Bob Dylan)
 "My Ain Folk" (Laura Lemon, Wilfrid Mills)
 "Where Did You Come From" (Don Black, Mark London)
 "Gimme Some Lovin'" (Spencer Davis, Steve Winwood, Muff Winwood)

Side two
 "I Started a Joke" (Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb)
 "Why Did I Choose You" (Michael Leonard, Herbert Martin)
 "The Boy Next Door" (Ralph Blane, Hugh Martin)
 "Come September" (Don Black, Mark London)
 "A House Is Not a Home" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David)
 "Cry Like a Baby" (Spooner Oldham, Dan Penn)

Personnel
 Vocals: Lulu
 Producer: Mickie Most
 Engineer: Dave L. Siddle
 Arrangers: John Paul Jones, Johnny Harris

1969 albums
Lulu (singer) albums
Albums arranged by John Paul Jones (musician)
Albums produced by Mickie Most
Columbia Records albums


Cyclomethycaine is a local anesthetic.

References

Benzoate esters
Piperidines


Arizona State Sun Devils

Ryan DuWayne Bader (; born June 7, 1983) is an American mixed martial artist currently signed to Bellator MMA where he is the current Bellator Heavyweight Champion in a continuous streak that is the longest of any Bellator Champion.  He is also the former Bellator Light Heavyweight Champion, and the winner of the 2018 Bellator Heavyweight World Grand Prix Tournament. At Bellator 214, Bader became the first fighter in Bellator history to become champion in two weight divisions simultaneously. Prior to signing with Bellator, Bader competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in the Light Heavyweight division and he was a cast member and winner of The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir. As of June 20, 2023, he is #8 in the Bellator men's pound-for-pound rankings.

Background and career
Ryan Bader was born in Reno, Nevada and started wrestling at the age of seven. He entered mixed martial arts after a successful career in amateur wrestling. He attended Robert McQueen High School where he won two state championships and was ranked as high as fourth in the country for wrestling. In football, Bader was the 2001 Nevada Defensive Player of the Year and helped the McQueen Lancers win the Nevada state championship title. Bader ultimately attended Arizona State University on a wrestling scholarship, where he was college teammates with former UFC Heavyweight Champion Cain Velasquez and CB Dollaway. While attending ASU, Bader was a three-time Pac-10 Champion, winning titles in 2003, 2004, and 2006. He was also a two-time All-American, placing fourth in 2004 as a sophomore and seventh in 2006 as a senior at the NCAA national tournament. He began training at Arizona Combat Sports in early 2007.

The Ultimate Fighter (2008)
Bader's UFC career began as a contestant on season 8 of The Ultimate Fighter. Bader, the first light heavyweight selected by coach Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, went on to win his first three fights on the show to fight with Vinicius Magalhães on December 13, 2008, at The Ultimate Fighter 8 Finale.

At the finale, Bader defeated Magalhães by way of a quick, first-round knockout, earning the title of "The Ultimate Fighter" and winning the traditional "six-figure UFC contract". An overhand right dropped Magalhães, and Bader followed up with strikes on the ground to take the win, less than halfway through the first round.

Ultimate Fighting Championship (2009–2011)
Bader's first post-TUF fight was at UFC Fight Night 18 against Carmelo Marrero, whom he defeated via unanimous decision, scoring 30–27 on all three judges' scorecards. During the match, Bader tore his medial collateral ligament and posterior cruciate ligament, which kept him sidelined until the next fall.

Shortly after the Marrero fight, Bader appeared alongside fellow Ultimate Fighter 8 winner Efrain Escudero in the UFC's sixth video game, UFC 2009 Undisputed. He and Escudero were available through a special code obtained by pre-ordering the game from GameStop. On September 10, 2009, he and Escudero were made available for download on PlayStation Network and Xbox 360 Marketplace.

Bader returned against Eric Schafer on October 24, 2009, at UFC 104. The fight was mainly dominated by Bader, who scored with a powerful attack of combinations standing and controlled the grappling, en route a unanimous decision victory (30–27, 29–26, and 30–27).

Next for Bader was Keith Jardine, who he fought on February 21, 2010, at the UFC's debut effort in Australia, UFC 110. Bader scored a sharp jab on the tiring Jardine, which set up a flying knee to the chest and a left hook at 2:10 of the third round to secure a KO victory for Bader.

Along with Jesse Forbes, CB Dollaway, Eric Larkin and Aaron Simpson, Bader left Arizona Combat Sports to train at their newly opened gym Power MMA And Fitness.

Bader moved his UFC record to 5–0 at the expense of Antônio Rogério Nogueira at UFC 119, controlling him most of the fight with his wrestling and using his jab and short combinations to stop much of Nogueira's offense. All three judges scored the fight 30–27 for Bader.

First MMA losses (2011–2013)
Four months after his victory over Nogueira, Bader fought fellow rising prospect Jon Jones on February 5, 2011, at UFC 126, where he received the first loss of his MMA career after tapping out to a modified guillotine choke in the second round.

In a massive upset, Bader lost to Tito Ortiz on July 2, 2011, at UFC 132 by an arm-in guillotine choke which Ortiz secured following a knockdown of Bader.

Bader then faced Jason Brilz on November 19, 2011, at UFC 139. He defeated Brilz at 1:17 of the first round via KO, landing a straight right behind Brilz's ear causing him to immediately fall to the mat face-first.

Bader next faced former Light Heavyweight champion Quinton Jackson on February 26, 2012, at UFC 144. Jackson weighed in over the Light Heavyweight weight allowance of 206 lbs by 5 lbs, weighing in at 211 lbs. Bader accepted the fight at a catchweight and received 20% of Jackson's purse. Bader won via unanimous decision, with all three judges scoring the fight 30–27.

Bader faced Lyoto Machida on August 4, 2012, at UFC on Fox: Shogun vs. Vera. He was defeated via KO at 1:32 in the second round, after rushing in and being caught with a punch.

Bader faced former title challenger Vladimir Matyushenko on January 26, 2013, at UFC on Fox 6. He won the fight via guillotine choke submission at just 50 seconds of the first round, earning his first Submission of the Night honors, and also having the fastest UFC Light Heavyweight submission.

Bader was expected to face Glover Teixeira on May 25, 2013, at UFC 160. However, Bader pulled out of the bout citing an injury and was replaced by James Te-Huna.

The bout with Teixeira eventually took place on September 4, 2013, in the main event at UFC Fight Night 28. Despite dropping Teixeira early in the first round, Bader lost the fight via TKO in the first round.

Bader faced Anthony Perosh on December 7, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 33. He won the fight via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, and 30–26). Bader dominated Perosh all 15 minutes of the three round contest using his superior wrestling.

Winning streaks at UFC (2014–2016)
Bader faced Rafael Cavalcante on June 14, 2014, at UFC 174. He won the fight via unanimous decision. Bader's wrestling was displayed once again, controlling Feijão the majority of the bout.

Bader faced Ovince St. Preux on August 16, 2014, at UFC Fight Night: Bader vs. St. Preux. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Bader fought Phil Davis on January 24, 2015, at UFC on Fox 14. He won the fight by split decision.

Bader was expected to face Daniel Cormier on June 6, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 68. However, on April 28, 2015 it was announced that Cormier had been removed from the fight in favor of a matchup with Anthony Johnson on May 23, 2015 at UFC 187.

Bader faced Rashad Evans on October 3, 2015, at UFC 192. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Bader faced Anthony Johnson in the main event on January 30, 2016, at UFC on Fox 18. His winning streak was interrupted, as he lost the fight via knockout in the first round.

Bader next faced Ilir Latifi on September 3, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 93. He won the fight via knockout in the second round and was awarded a Performance of the Night bonus.

Bader faced Antônio Rogério Nogueira in a rematch on November 19, 2016, in the main event at UFC Fight Night 100. He won the fight by TKO in the third round with ground and pound after dominating Nogueira on the mat. Bader's fight against Nogueira was the last on his UFC contract and afterward he was a free agent.

Bellator MMA (2017–present)

Double champion (2017–2020)
On Ariel Helwani's podcast, the MMA Hour, Bader stated that he has a Bellator MMA contract on hand, that negotiations are in process, and that the UFC has the right to match the Bellator offer. If the UFC chose not to match then his desire would be for an immediate fight against the current Bellator Light Heavyweight Champion Phil Davis, whom he had beaten in the UFC. On March 21, 2017, Bader announced that the UFC had not sought to match Bellator's offer and that he had officially signed a six-fight deal with Bellator MMA.

Bader was officially unveiled as a fighter for the company at Bellator 175. After the main event, Bader entered the cage and it was announced he would face Muhammed Lawal at Bellator 180 on June 24, 2017. However, Lawal pulled out of the fight and Bader faced Bellator Light Heavyweight champion Phil Davis in a rematch. Bader and Davis first met at UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson on January 24, 2015, with Bader winning by split decision. Bader won the rematch again by split decision to become the new Light Heavyweight champion.

In his first title defense, Bader faced Linton Vassell at Bellator 186 on November 3, 2017. He won the fight via TKO in the second round.

Bader faced Muhammed Lawal in the Bellator Heavyweight Grand Prix for the Bellator Heavyweight championship at Bellator 199 on May 12, 2018. He won the fight via TKO 15 seconds into the first round.

Bader faced Matt Mitrione in the semi-finals at Bellator 207 on October 12, 2018. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

In the final, Bader faced Fedor Emelianenko for the vacant Bellator Heavyweight World Championship in the main event at Bellator 214 on January 26, 2019. Bader claimed the title by winning via knockout 35 seconds into the first round, thus becoming the first simultaneous two-weight champion in Bellator history.

In April 2019, Bader signed an exclusive, multi-year and six-fight contract with Bellator.

On July 11, 2019, it was announced that Bader is set to make his first heavyweight title defense against Cheick Kongo. This bout served as the headliner of Bellator 226 on September 7. The bout ended in a no contest at 3:52 of the first round when Bader landed an accidental eye poke on Kongo that rendered him unable to continue, with Bader retaining his title.

Bader was signed to defend his light heavyweight title against Vadim Nemkov at Bellator 242 on May 9, 2020. However, it was later announced that Bellator 242 and Bader's bout against Nemkov had been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The title bout with Nemkov was rescheduled and took place on August 21 at Bellator 244. Bader lost the bout via second-round technical knockout.

Light Heavyweight World Grand Prix
On February 9, 2021, it was announced that Bader would be participating in the Bellator Light Heavyweight World Grand Prix. He faced Lyoto Machida in the quarterfinal round. This was a rematch of their August 2012 bout, which saw Machida win via second-round knockout. The bout took place at Bellator 256 on April 9, 2021. After Machida showed early success in the first two rounds on the feet via kicks, Bader soon controlled the rest of the bout on the ground, winning via a unanimous decision.

In the semi-finals of the Grand Prix, Bader faced Corey Anderson on October 16, 2021 at Bellator 268. He lost the fight via technical knockout less than a minute into round one.

Heavyweight Reign
Bader defended his Heavyweight title against Bellator Interim Heavyweight World Champion Valentin Moldavsky on January 29, 2022 at Bellator 273. He won the close bout via unanimous decision. 7 out of 11 media scores gave it to Moldavsky.

As the first bout of his new four-fight contract, Bader defended his title against Cheick Kongo on May 6, 2022 at Bellator 280. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Bader defended his title in a rematch against Fedor Emelianenko on February 4, 2023 at Bellator 290. He won the bout via ground and pound TKO in the first round.

Bader was set to defend his title in a rematch against Linton Vassell on October 7, 2023 at Bellator 300. However, Vassell withdrew a few days before the event due to illness and the bout was cancelled.

Personal life
Bader and his wife Daisy were married in October 2010. They have two sons and a daughter.

Championships and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts
Bellator MMA
 Bellator Heavyweight World Championship (One time; current)
Three successful title defenses
Most successful consecutive heavyweight title defenses in Bellator MMA history (3)
 Bellator Light Heavyweight World Championship (One time; former)
One successful title defense
Bellator MMA Heavyweight World Grand Prix winner
Second two-weight champion in Bellator MMA history
First ever simultaneous two-weight champion in Bellator MMA history
Only fighter in Bellator history to defend titles in two weight classes
Ultimate Fighting Championship
The Ultimate Fighter 8 Light Heavyweight Tournament Winner
Submission of the Night (One time)
Performance of the Night (One time)
Tied (Tito Ortiz & Chuck Liddell) for second most wins in UFC Light Heavyweight division history (15)
Third most wins in modern UFC Light Heavyweight division history (15)
Tied (Rashad Evans & Jan Błachowicz) for fifth most bouts in UFC Light Heavyweight division history (20)
Second most decision wins in UFC Light Heavyweight division history (9)

Collegiate wrestling
National Collegiate Athletic Association
NCAA Division I All-American out of Arizona State University (2004), (2006)
NCAA Division I 197 lb - 4th place out of Arizona State University (2004)
NCAA Division I 197 lb - 7th place out of Arizona State University (2006)
Pac-10 Conference Championship out of Arizona State University (2003), (2004), (2006)

Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Win
|align=center|31–7 (1)
|Fedor Emelianenko
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 290
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:30
|Inglewood, California, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|30–7 (1)
|Cheick Kongo
|Decision (unanimous)
|Bellator 280
|
|align=center|5
|align=center|5:00
|Paris, France
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|29–7 (1)
|Valentin Moldavsky
|Decision (unanimous)
|Bellator 273
|
|align=center|5
|align=center|5:00
|Phoenix, Arizona, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|28–7 (1)
|Corey Anderson
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 268
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:51
|Phoenix, Arizona, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|28–6 (1)
|Lyoto Machida
|Decision (unanimous)
|Bellator 256
|
|align=center|5
|align=center|5:00
|Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|27–6 (1)
|Vadim Nemkov
|TKO (head kick and punches)
|Bellator 244
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:02
|Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|
|-
|NC
|align=center|
|Cheick Kongo
|NC (accidental eye poke)
|Bellator 226
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:52
|San Jose, California, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|27–5
|Fedor Emelianenko
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 214
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:35
|Inglewood, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center|26–5
| Matt Mitrione
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 207
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center|25–5
| Muhammed Lawal
| TKO (punches)
| Bellator 199
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:15
| San Jose, California, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|24–5
|Linton Vassell
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 186
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:58
|University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|23–5
|Phil Davis
|Decision (split)
|Bellator 180
|
|align=center|5
|align=center|5:00
|New York City, New York, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 22–5
| Antônio Rogério Nogueira
| TKO (punches)
| UFC Fight Night: Bader vs. Nogueira 2
|
| align=center|3
| align=center|3:51
| São Paulo, Brazil
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 21–5
| Ilir Latifi
| KO (knee)
| UFC Fight Night: Arlovski vs. Barnett
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center|2:06
| Hamburg, Germany
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 20–5
| Anthony Johnson
| KO (punches)
| UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Bader
|
| align=center|1
| align=center|1:26
| Newark, New Jersey, United States
|
|-
|Win
| align=center| 20–4
| Rashad Evans
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 192
|
| align=center|3
| align=center|5:00
| Houston, Texas, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 19–4
| Phil Davis
| Decision (split)
| UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–4
| Ovince Saint Preux
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC Fight Night: Bader vs. Saint Preux
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Bangor, Maine, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–4
| Rafael Cavalcante
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 174
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 16–4
| Anthony Perosh
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Bigfoot
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Brisbane, Australia
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–4
| Glover Teixeira

| TKO (punches)
| UFC Fight Night: Teixeira vs. Bader
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:55
| Belo Horizonte, Brazil
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 15–3
| Vladimir Matyushenko
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| UFC on Fox: Johnson vs. Dodson
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:50
| Chicago, Illinois, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 14–3
| Lyoto Machida
| KO (punch)
| UFC on Fox: Shogun vs. Vera
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:32
| Los Angeles, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 14–2
| Quinton Jackson
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 144
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–2
| Jason Brilz
| KO (punch)
| UFC 139
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:17
| San Jose, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 12–2
| Tito Ortiz
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| UFC 132
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:56
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 12–1
| Jon Jones
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| UFC 126
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 4:20
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–0
| Antônio Rogério Nogueira
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 119
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 11–0
| Keith Jardine
| KO (flying knee and punch)
| UFC 110
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 2:10
| Sydney, Australia
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–0
| Eric Schafer
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 104
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Los Angeles, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–0
| Carmelo Marrero
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC Fight Night: Condit vs. Kampmann
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Nashville, Tennessee, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–0
| Vinny Magalhães
| TKO (punches)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs Team Mir Finale
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:18
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–0
| Buckley Acosta
| Submission (arm-triangle choke)
| XCC 6: Western Threat
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:47
| Reno, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–0
| Brad Peterson
| Decision (unanimous)
| IFO: Fireworks in the Cage IV
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–0
| Ulises Cortez
| KO (suplex and punches)
| SE: Vale Tudo
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Mexico
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–0
| Dicky Chavez
| TKO (punches)
| KOTC: Unstoppable
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:41
| San Carlos, Arizona, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–0
| Tim Peacock
| TKO (punches)
| WFC: Rumble in the Red Rocks
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 2:50
| Camp Verde, Arizona, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–0
| David Baggett
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Proving Grounds 1
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Cayman Islands
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Dave Covello
| TKO (submission to punches)
| Reno Combats: Inferno 2
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:21
| Camp Verde, Arizona, United States
|

|-
|Win
|align=center|3–0
|Eliot Marshall
|Decision (unanimous)
|rowspan=3|The Ultimate Fighter 8
| (airdate)
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|rowspan=3|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Tom Lawlor
|KO (punch)
| (airdate)
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:44
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Kyle Kingsbury
|Submission (arm-triangle choke)
| (airdate)
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:33
|
|-

NCAA record

! colspan="8"| NCAA Championships Matches
|-
!  Res.
!  Record
!  Opponent
!  Score
!  Date
!  Event
|-
! style=background:white colspan=6 |2006 NCAA Championships at 197 lbs
|-
|Loss
|10-7
|align=left|Joel Flaggert
|style="font-size:88%"|4-9
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|March 17, 2006
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2006 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
|-
|Win
|10-6
|align=left|Nathan Moore
|style="font-size:88%"|6-4
|-
|Loss
|9-6
|align=left|Chris Weidman
|style="font-size:88%"|7-10
|-
|Win
|9-5
|align=left|Tyrone Byrd
|style="font-size:88%"|6-0
|-
|Win
|8-5
|align=left|Bredan McLean
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
! style=background:white colspan=6 |2005 NCAA Championships at 197 lbs
|-
|Loss
|7-5
|align=left|Joel Flaggert
|style="font-size:88%"|5-1
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|March 17, 2005
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2005 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
|-
|Win
|7-4
|align=left|Joel Weimer
|style="font-size:88%"|3-2
|-
|Loss
|6-4
|align=left|Phil Davis
|style="font-size:88%"|1-3
|-
|Win
|6-3
|align=left|Tyrone Byrd
|style="font-size:88%"|7-3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=6 |2004 NCAA Championships 4th at 197 lbs
|-
|Win
|5-3
|align=left|Chris Skretkowicz
|style="font-size:88%"|5-1
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|March 20, 2004
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2004 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
|-
|Loss
|4-3
|align=left|Damion Hahn
|style="font-size:88%"|1-2
|-
|Win
|4-2
|align=left|B.J. Padden
|style="font-size:88%"|5-3
|-
|Win
|3-2
|align=left|Joel Weimer
|style="font-size:88%"|4-1
|-
|Win
|2-2
|align=left|Jeff Foust
|style="font-size:88%"|7-0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=6 |2003 NCAA Championships at 197 lbs
|-
|Loss
|1-2
|align=left|Matt Greenberg
|style="font-size:88%"|Major 1-14
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|March 20, 2003
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2003 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
|-
|Loss
|1-1
|align=left|Jon Trenge
|style="font-size:88%"|Major 2-11
|-
|Win
|1-0
|align=left|Adam Schaaf
|style="font-size:88%"|OT 6-4
|-

See also
List of current Bellator fighters
List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

The Ultimate Fighter winners
American male mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from Nevada
Mixed martial artists from Arizona
Light heavyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
Living people
1983 births
Arizona State University alumni
American male sport wrestlers
Amateur wrestlers
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Bellator MMA champions
Bellator male fighters


Risocaine (or propyl 4-aminobenzoate) is a local anesthetic.

Abandoned drugs
Propyl esters


Propoxycaine (INN) is a local anesthetic.

Local anesthetics
4-Aminobenzoate esters
Phenol ethers
Diethylamino compounds


Orthocaine is a local anesthetic. Developed in the 1890s, it was found to be of limited use due to its low solubility in water, but it has been used in powdered form to dust onto painful wounds.

References

Local anesthetics
Benzoate esters
Anilines
Phenols


Meprylcaine (also known as Epirocaine and Oracaine) is a local anesthetic with stimulant properties that is structurally related to dimethocaine.

Meprylcaine has a relatively potent inhibitory action on the monoamine transporter and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin.

Synthesis

The 2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propan-1-ol [55968-10-0] (1) is treated with base and then with Benzoyl chloride (2), completing the synthesis of Meprycaine (3).

References

Local anesthetics
Benzoate esters
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Stimulants


Butacaine is a white crystalline ester used as a local anesthetic.

Synthesis

The addition of metallic sodium is added to a mixture of allyl alcohol (1) and N,N-dibutylamine (2) gives the conjugate addition product and hence 3-dibutylamino-1-propanol [2050-51-3] (3). Esterification of this intermediate with para-nitrobenzoyl chloride [122-04-3] (4) gives CID:4588466 (5). The reduction of the nitro group completed the synthesis of butacaine (6).

See also
Isobucaine

References

Local anesthetics
4-Aminobenzoate esters


Amylocaine was the first synthetic local anesthetic. It was synthesized and patented under the name Stovaine by Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute in 1903. It was used mostly in spinal anesthesia.

Synthesis

Grignard reaction of chloroacetone (1) with one mole of magnesium ethyl bromide gives 1-chloro-2-methyl-butan-2-ol [74283-48-0] (2). Heating with dimethylamine gives 1-(dimethylamino)-2-methylbutan-2-ol [74347-10-7] (3). These two steps can also be treated as interchangeable. Esterification with benzoyl chloride completed the synthesis of amylocaine (4).

See also
 Dimethylaminopivalophenone, an opioid with a similar structure–activity relationship (SAR). It is an amine that is a sole methylene spacer shorter.

Notes and references

External links

Local anesthetics
Benzoate esters
Dimethylamino compounds


Peter Joseph Fick (December 12, 1913 – August 10, 1980) was an American competition swimmer and former world record-holder in two events.

Fick represented the United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.  He was the world record-holder and pre-race favorite, but finished sixth overall in the event final of the 100-meter freestyle with a time of 59.7 seconds. In 1978 he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

Fick was married to actress Bess Johnson. And prior to that, Donna Damerel.

See also
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
 World record progression 100 metres freestyle
 World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay

References

1913 births
1980 deaths
Yale Bulldogs men's swimmers
American male freestyle swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers at the 1936 Summer Olympics


Russell Leroy McQueen (born January 9, 1953) is an American baseball pitcher who is most notable for winning the 1972 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award while a sophomore at University of Southern California. He is one of seven players from University of Southern California to win that award. The others are Bill Thom, Bud Hollowell, Bill Seinsoth, George Milke, Rod Boxberger and Wes Rachels. In the 1972 College World Series, he had a string of 14 consecutive scoreless innings.

On March 30, 1974, he pitched a no-hitter. That was the first game ever played at Dedeaux Field.

Following his collegiate career, he was drafted by the California Angels in the 14th round of the 1974 amateur draft. He played two seasons in their minor league system, 1975 and 1976, never reaching the majors. In 1975, he played for the Salinas Packers, going 6–5 with a 3.16 ERA in 54 relief appearances. In 1976, he played for the Packers and El Paso Diablos, going 3–2 with a 2.54 ERA in 26 games with the Packers and 0–2 in 15 games with a 4.62 ERA with the Diablos.

He graduated from the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business in 1974.

References

USC Trojans baseball players
1953 births
College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award winners
Living people
Marshall School of Business alumni


The China-UK Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network (SAIN) is a Sustainable agriculture Network launched in 2008 to provide a framework for collaboration on agriculture and climate change between the UK and China.

The agreement supports the already existing China-UK Sustainable Development Dialogue (SDD) signed by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and the UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Agreed upon by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the development of SAIN was included in the SDD work program on Sustainable Agriculture and Fisheries. After being originally proposed at the UK-China Partners in Science Conference in North West China, a business plan was created after consultation with Chinese stake-holders, bilateral agencies, and international organizations. in December 2008, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Department of Environment, food and Rural Affairs  accepted and adopted the new policy.

The UK-China Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network has four primary goals:
1. Support UK-China SDD by policy approaches, institutional mechanisms, and moving policy and science to the ground level.
2. Encourage and grow research on environmentally sustainable agriculture and its relevance to local, national, and the global economy.
3. Gather important actors, such as farmers and policy makers, and educate them on environmentally sustainable agriculture issues.
4. Increase global sustainability with south-south learning.

The organization of SAIN consists of a Governing Board, two Secretariat Offices, and Working Groups. The North West Agriculture Forestry University in China and East Anglia University in England are the locations of the two Secretariat Offices.

Universities
North West Agriculture and Forestry University
University of East Anglia

External links
Homepage

Sustainable agriculture


Charles Malato (1857–1938) was a French anarchist and writer.

He was born to a noble Neapolitan family, his grandfather Count Malato being a Field Marshal and the Commander-in-Chief of the army of the last King of Naples. Though Count Malato ferociously suppressed a popular anti-dynastic insurrection, his son – Charles' father – supported the communards of the Paris Commune, and was banished as a result to the penal colony of New Caledonia, where Charles was born. After the amnesty of anarchists and communists, Charles and his by that time ninety-year-old father returned to Paris, where they immersed themselves in the anarchist movement.

On his return to France, Malato was condemned to fifteen months in prison for inciting murder, pillage and arson, and instead went into exile in London. Malato collaborated briefly with Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Luçay before they fell out over the Dreyfus affair (Rochefort was an anti-Dreyfusard). He wrote for Georges Clemenceau's L'Aurore, L'Humanité, and the Journal du peuple (with Sébastien Faure) and partook in a revolutionary committee against nationalist activities. According to The New York Times Malato wrote articles "remarkable for their literary grace", was well known in political and literary circles, and "noted for the perfection of his manners".

He was accused by French police in 1905 of organising an assassination attempt against King Alfonso XIII of Spain, but was acquitted. Between 1907 and 1914, Malato wrote in the journals La Guerre Sociale and La Bataille Syndicaliste, and became friends with the anarchist educator Francisco Ferrer.

At the outset of World War I, Malato was a supporter of the union sacrée and a signatory of the pro-Allies Manifesto of the Sixteen.

Publications
 Joyeusetés de l’exil
 La Grande Grève
 "Le Nouveau Faust" Edité à Barcelone 'La Esculela Moderna' 1919, a philosophical-fantastical drama with illustrations by Robert Louis Antral. A volume in-12 of 78 pp., cover illustrated in colour.

Notes

1857 births
1938 deaths
French anarchists
Anarchist theorists
French male writers


Avatime, also known as Afatime, Sideme, or Sia, is a Kwa language of the Avatime (self designation: Kedone (m.sg.)) people of eastern Ghana. The Avatime live primarily in the seven towns and villages of Amedzofe, Vane, Gbadzeme, Dzokpe, Biakpa, Dzogbefeme, and Fume.

Phonology
Avatime is a tonal language with three tones, has vowel harmony, and has been claimed to have doubly articulated fricatives.

Vowels
Avatime has nine vowels, , though the vowels  have been overlooked in most descriptions of the language. It is not clear if the difference between  and  is one of advanced and retracted tongue root (laryngeal contraction), as in so many languages of Ghana, or of vowel height: different phonetic parameters support different analyses.

Avatime has vowel harmony. A root many not mix vowels of the relaxed  and contracted  sets, and prefixes change vowels to harmonize with the vowels of the root. For example, the human singular gender prefix is , and the human plural is :  "thief",  "father";  "thieves",  "fathers"; also  "bee" but  "god".

Vowels may be long or short. Records from 1910 showed that all vowels could be nasalized, but that is disappearing, and few words with nasal vowels remained by the end of the century.

Consonants

 is found in Ewe borrowings, as is , which can be seen to be distinct from  (which cannot be followed by another consonant) in the loanword  "boat".

The language has been claimed to have doubly articulated fricatives . However, as with similar claims for Swedish , the labial articulation is not fricated, and these are actually labialized velars, . All velar fricatives are quite weak, and are closer to .

The affricates vary between  and , which may be a generational difference.

Phonotactics
Syllables are V, CV, CGV, and N: Avatime allows consonant-approximant clusters, where the approximant may be . There is also a syllabic nasal, which takes its own tone:  "many".

Any consonant but  may form a cluster with :  "table",  "snake",  "chameleon",  "mucous". After a coronal consonant, the  is pronounced .

When two vowels come together, they are either separated by a glottal stop , fuse into a single vowel, or the first vowel reduces to a semivowel. In the latter case, the four front vowels reduce to  and three of the back vowels reduce to , but  is fronted to .

However, there are /Cw/ and /Cj/ sequences which are not derived from vowel sequences. These are .

Notes

External links
 The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive: Avatime  - Phonetic fieldwork on Avatime

References

Languages of Ghana
Ghana–Togo Mountain languages


Parental Guidance Suggested may refer to:

 PG rating (disambiguation), in several countries, a content rating for film, television, and other media
 Parental Guidance Suggested (2008 film), or Extreme Movie, an American satirical sex comedy
 "Parental Guidance Suggested" (NCIS), a 2014 TV episode

See also
 Parental Guidance (disambiguation)


John Arthur Lindegren (October 13, 1911 – May 23, 1981) is an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.  Lindegren finished seventh in the men's 100-meter freestyle with a time of 59.9 seconds in the event final.

External links

1911 births
1981 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers from Los Angeles
Swimmers at the 1936 Summer Olympics


Sébastien Faure (, born 3 January 1991) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for Championnat National 2 club GOAL FC.

He is a former France youth international, and has represented his nation at various age levels.

Club career

Lyon
Faure was born in the second arrondissement of Lyon and was with Lyon from when he was a child starting off in the club's academy until 2012.

Faure became active in the squad at the start of the 2008–09 season. He was promoted to the first-team squad where he was given the number 36 shirt and began participating in Lyon's pre-season tour. Faure appeared in three of the team's five matches starting one against Rapid București and appearing as a substitute in matches against Monaco and Nîmes Olympique.

He made his professional debut on 11 November 2008 against Metz in the 2008–09 edition of the Coupe de la Ligue starting in the centre back position alongside the Brazilian Cris. Unfortunately, the match resulted in a 3–1 loss with Faure playing the full 90 minutes and picking up a yellow card. In December 2011, Faure suffered a broken toe. During January 2012, Faure was linked with a move to Nantes. He joined Nantes on loan, but suffered pain from his previous broken toe injury and quickly returned to Lyon, where he remained until the end of his contract in the summer of 2012.

After being released by Lyon at the end of his contract. Faure was linked with a move to fellow Ligue 1 club Evian. Faure joined English club Leeds United on trial and played in their 2–0 win over Alfreton Town on 21 July.

Rangers
Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division side Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home.

Faure had his first run out of the season in the 8–1 win over Clyde in the Challenge Cup on 18 August 2014. His performance was praised for his pace and effectiveness in a right wing back role, despite his preferred position being that of a centre back. Faure left Rangers at the end of his contract in the summer of 2015.

Later career
Faure joined French lower-league side Monts d'Or Azergues (renamed GOAL FC in 2020) in 2016, and became the club's captain.

International career
Faure has been active on the international circuit. He was a part of the under-17 team that finished runners-up at the 2008 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship and also played with the under-18 squad making his debut in the Tournoi de Limoges.

He was part of the French side that won the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship and was one of only 3 members of the squad to play every minute of every game at the finals as France defeated the Netherlands 4–1, Austria 5–0, drew 1–1 with England then beat Croatia 2–1 en route to the final. In the final itself he made an important goal line clearance to stop Spain taking a two-goal lead with France eventually running out 2–1 winners.

He then went on to feature in the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup for the under-20 team as the France side finished in fourth place.

Honours
Rangers
 Scottish Third Division: 2013
 Scottish League One: 2014
France U19
 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship: 2010

Notes

References

External links

1991 births
French men's footballers
Olympique Lyonnais players
Living people
France men's youth international footballers
Rangers F.C. players
French expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Men's association football defenders
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
French expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Footballers from Lyon
FC Nantes players
GOAL FC players
Championnat National 2 players


The 1990 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1990.  Lieutenant Governor Zell Miller ran for governor after incumbent Joe Frank Harris was term-limited, defeating Andrew Young, Roy Barnes, and Lester Maddox for the Democratic nomination, and defeated Johnny Isakson, a member of the Georgia House of Representatives.

Isakson would later succeed Miller in the United States Senate following his victory in 2004.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Advanced to runoff
 Zell Miller, Lieutenant Governor since 1975
 Andrew Young, Mayor of Atlanta

Defeated in primary
 Roy Barnes, State Senator from Marietta
 Lauren 'Bubba' McDonald, Jr., State Representative from Turnerville
 Lester Maddox, former Governor of Georgia and Lieutenant Governor of Georgia

Results

Runoff Results

Republican primary

Candidates
 Johnny Isakson, State Representative from Marietta
 Bobby Wood, former chairman of Gwinnett County Board of Education
 Greeley Ellis
 Eli 'Link' Veazey

Results

Election results

See also
1990 United States gubernatorial elections
State of Georgia
Governors of Georgia
Senators from Georgia

References

Gubernatorial
1990
1990 United States gubernatorial elections


Arthur Raymond Highland (December 17, 1911 – March 17, 1995) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.  Highland competed in the semifinals of the 100-meter freestyle, and recorded the eighth-best time overall (59.4 seconds).

See also
 List of Northwestern University alumni

References

1911 births
1995 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
Northwestern Wildcats men's swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Sportspeople from Aurora, Illinois
Swimmers at the 1936 Summer Olympics


KHFX may mean:

KHFX 1140 in Cleburne, Texas, previously KCLE until September 1, 2008
KCLE 1460 in Burleson, Texas, previously KHFX until September 1, 2008
KINE-FM 105.1 Honolulu, Hawaii, previously KHFX starting August 1, 1989
KBKK 105.5 in Ball, Louisiana, previously KHFX starting July 13, 1998
KCBJ-LP 15 in Juneau, Alaska, KHFX-LP from April 1 to 22, 2005


Sherrill United Methodist Church is a historic church at 301 Main Street in Sherrill, Arkansas.  Its congregation is one of the oldest and continuously active churches in Jefferson County, Arkansas.  Established in 1847, it was originally called Sherrill Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 2002, under that name, its building, a fine Gothic Revival structure built in 1910, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Description and history
Sherrill United Methodist Church, at 118 West Main Street (on Highway 15 North 15 miles from Pine Bluff) in Sherrill, is a single story, wood-frame structure built 1909–1910 in a design reflecting the Craftsman and Gothic Revival styles of architecture.

"By 1909, the congregation had outgrown the home it had occupied since 1895," the National Register nomination committee says. "Under the leadership of the late Reverend Frank Rogers, ground was broken on the same site and construction of the present structure begun."

"By 1926 the membership had once more outgrown its accommodations. The parsonage was dismantled and the salvaged materials were used to build an addition at the rear of the building. This addition contained the fellowship hall and Sunday School rooms." - (article written and contributed by Reverend Bill Ferguson, Pastor Sherrill United Methodist it appeared in quoted the Pine Bluff Commercial June 2, 2002).

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Arkansas

References

Gothic Revival church buildings in Arkansas
Churches completed in 1909
20th-century Methodist church buildings in the United States
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Religious organizations established in 1847
Churches in Jefferson County, Arkansas
Methodist churches in Arkansas
1847 establishments in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Arkansas


The Martin Eisenstadt hoax is an elaborate scheme of filmmakers Dan Mirvish and Eitan Gorlin that involved the creation of a fictional "talking head", Martin Eisenstadt, who was quoted by numerous major news outlets (such as the Los Angeles Times and MSNBC), as well as countless blogs, all of which failed to verify his actual existence. "Eisenstadt" claimed to be the source of commentary about Sarah Palin in the wake of John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. Mirvish and Gorlin have since written a satirical novel called I Am Martin Eisenstadt: One Man's (Wildly Inappropriate) Adventures with the Last Republicans for Farrar, Straus and Giroux . The book was written under Eisenstadt's pseudonym and purports to be a first-person memoir of Eisenstadt's experience with the McCain/Palin campaign, including buying Palin's wardrobe. In the book, the Eisenstadt character denies rumors that he does not exist.

Background
In 2007, Mirvish and Gorlin created short videos for YouTube, with Gorlin playing a parking valet, Sheldon, who spewed effusive (and offensive) praise of then-presidential candidate Rudolph Giuliani. The original short film Sheldon played at the U.S. Comedy Arts Film Festival in Aspen in 2007. After Giuliani's campaign ceased, the character was modified to be a Sr. Fellow at the "Harding Institute for Freedom and Democracy", a fictional entity named in jest for one of the least-respected US presidents, Warren G. Harding. The pair created a website for the Harding Institute, created the character of the commentator, dubbed Martin Eisenstadt, played again by Gorlin.

Dan Mirvish is a former speechwriter for Democratic Senator Tom Harkin.  He is also a feature film director and co-founder of the Slamdance Film Festival. Gorlin was nominated for the Someone to Watch Award at the 2003 IFP Independent Spirit Awards for his film The Holy Land.

Hoaxes
The first appearance of Martin Eisenstadt was in a video of a phony interview, purportedly  on Al Iraqiya, describing his plan to build casinos in the Green Zone. The report was accepted at face value and blogged by Jonathan Stein of Mother Jones, but correctly and tentatively identified as satire by the Monthly Review.

During and after the election campaign, several hoaxes perpetrated by Eisenstadt (Gorlin and Mirvish) were reported by news organizations and blogs as truthful, including reports that Joe the Plumber was a cousin of Charles Keating and that Paris Hilton's family strongly protested the McCain campaign's comparison of Barack Obama to Hilton.

After election day, 2008, it was widely reported that a senior McCain advisor had stated that Palin was unaware that Africa was a continent rather than a country. After the story broke, Mirvish and Gorlin released a video where Eisenstadt, reportedly a McCain policy adviser, made that statement. Mirvish and Gorlin said that they did not invent the story but only took the credit for it after it broke as being the source.  Several mainstream news outlets publicised this attribution.

The AP, noting that "Eisenstadt's 'work' had been quoted and debunked before," reported that the hoax "was limited to the identity of the source in the story about Palin - not the Fox News story itself." Mirvish himself, in a BBC interview, admits that they falsely took credit as being the source, but stated that the story itself could be true.

According to Mirvish it would have taken  "about 20 seconds of searching to realize Eisenstadt was a hoax." "With the 24-hour news cycle they rush into anything they can find" added Mirvish. The hoax revealed lack of fact-checking by news outlets such as MSNBC. An MSNBC spokesman stated that someone in the newsroom received the item in an e-mail, and that no vetting was ever done on it.

In May 2009, Time reported that Eisenstadt was one of the "elite Twitterati" who attended the White House Correspondents Dinner, along with Meghan McCain, Ashton Kutcher, and Newt Gingrich. Time later retracted its original reporting.

Book
Mirvish and Gorlin wrote the book I Am Martin Eisenstadt: One Man's (wildly inappropriate) Adventures with the Last Republicans which was published in November, 2009, by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The authors went on a book tour that included a Washington, DC, party thrown for them by former President Bill Clinton press secretary Joe Lockhart and other Washington notables including Karen Finney, Matthew Cooper (American journalist) and Michael Feldman.

Videos
Mirvish and Gorlin's first collaboration was a promo for a video game for Mirvish's film Open House. The character they created turned into Sheldon, the bitter valet, for the eponymously titled short film that screened at the 2007 U.S. Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen. The duo shot seven more similar shorts and posted them anonymously on YouTube as faux Rudolph Giuliani ads during early primary season for the 2008 U.S. Presidential campaign. The Giuliani campaign denied any involvement with the ads. The ads created their own controversy when the consulting company who had produced the Swift Boat ads of 2004 was erroneously blamed for them under the assumption they were some sort of dirty tricks campaign by one of Giuliani's rivals.

The filmmakers had planned to develop The Bitter Valet into a TV series, but due to the 2008 Writers Guild Strike, they shelved that plan and came up with the Martin Eisenstadt character. The first thing they filmed with Eisenstadt was the alleged interview on Iraqi TV, which was actually filmed in Mirvish's garage in California.

During the fall of 2008, Gorlin and Mirvish filmed a fake 40-minute BBC documentary entitled "The Last Republican," which they then posted on YouTube in 10 parts.  They also filmed four rebuttals allegedly from Martin Eisenstadt in Washington, DC, in which Eisenstadt threatened to sue the documentarian and the BBC for taking him out of context. In fact, the filmmakers later admitted that "The Last Republican" was actually a pilot for a television show they were developing.

Harding Prize for Best Crafted Apologies
In April, 2010, Mirvish and Gorlin created an award called "The Harding Prize for Best Crafted Apology" named after President Warren G. Harding, who once apologized for his presidency by saying "I am not fit for this office and should never have been here." Awarded in a ceremony at American University, Gorlin (as Martin Eisenstadt) presented the Harding Prizes in several categories: Rahm Emanuel won for Politics, Tiger Woods for Sports, Usher for Entertainment, and Adam Carolla won in the best Twitter apology category.

References

Nonexistent people used in hoaxes
2008 United States presidential election
Hoaxes in the United States
Journalistic hoaxes
2008 hoaxes


Archibald William Montgomerie, 14th Earl of Eglinton, DL (3 December 1841 – 30 August 1892) was a Scottish nobleman and member of the House of Lords.

Eglinton was a Deputy Lieutenant of Lanarkshire and Ayrshire. He succeeded to the titles on the death of his father on 4 October 1861.

Family
Lord Eglinton married Lady Sophia Anderson-Pelham, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Yarborough. They had four daughters. Eglinton died on 30 August 1892, aged 50.

Citations

References

External links

14
1841 births
1892 deaths
Deputy Lieutenants of Ayrshire
Deputy Lieutenants of Lanarkshire
Place of birth missing
Clan Montgomery


Review is an American magazine covering national and international economic issues. It is published by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

References

External links
 Official website

1962 establishments in Missouri
Business magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1962
Magazines published in St. Louis
Quarterly magazines published in the United States


Eitan Gorlin (born 1969 in Washington, D.C.) is a filmmaker, author and actor.  He is known for his portrayal of Martin Eisenstadt, a satirical depiction of a McCain campaign adviser.  Even though Eisenstadt was said to be part of the "Harding Institute for Freedom and Democracy", named for one of the United States' less beloved presidents, he was quoted by several national news sources, who failed to document his existence.

In 2009, he co-authored the satirical novel "I Am Martin Eisenstadt: One Man's (Wildly Inappropriate) Adventures with the Last Republicans".

Filmography
 The Jerusalem Syndrome (1999)
 Sometime in August (1999) Producer
 The Holy Land (2001) writer/director
 "Sheldon"  (2007) co-writer, co-director and lead role
 "The Last Republican" (2008) co-writer, co-director and lead role
 Bayou Caviar (2018) co-writer

Honors and awards
 2002 Grand Jury Prize, Slamdance Film Festival for The Holy Land

References

1969 births
Living people
American filmmakers
University of Pennsylvania alumni
The New School alumni
Film directors from Washington, D.C.


Grim Reality may refer to:

Grim Reality (EP), an EP by Macabre
Grim Reality (album), an album by Insane Poetry


I'm a Lonesome Fugitive is the third studio album by Merle Haggard and The Strangers released on Capitol Records in 1967.

Recording and composition
The song "I'm a Lonesome Fugitive" brought Haggard country stardom. Although it sounds autobiographical (Haggard had done time at San Quentin), David Cantwell states in his book The Running Kind that it was actually written by Liz Anderson and her husband Casey while driving cross country and was inspired by the popular television show The Fugitive starring David Janssen as Richard Kimble. Haggard felt a connection to the song immediately and when it was released it became his first number one country hit. When Anderson played the song for Haggard, she was unaware about his prison stretch. "I guess I didn't realize how much the experience at San Quentin did to him, 'cause he never talked about it all that much," Bonnie Owens, Haggard's backup singer, and then-wife, is quoted in the liner notes to the 1994 retrospective, Down Every Road. "I could tell he was in a dark mood...and I said, 'Is everything okay?'  And he said, 'I'm really scared.' And I said, 'Why?' And he said, 'Cause I'm afraid someday I'm gonna be out there...and there's gonna be some convict...some prisoner that was in there the same time I was in, stand up—and they're gonna be about the third row down—and say, 'What do you think you're doing, 45200?'" Haggard would address the issue on his next album, Branded Man.

In 1996, I'm a Lonesome Fugitive was reissued by BGO Records along with Mama Tried.

Reception

I'm a Lonesome Fugitive was released on March 4, 1967 and rose to number 3 on the Billboard country albums chart and made it to number 165 on the pop charts. As with his previous album Swinging Doors, Haggard wrote nearly all the songs himself. As David Cantwell observed in 2013, most of the songs find Haggard in some sort of trap, citing the prison song "Life in Prison" and "House of Memories" ("My house is a prison...") and describes the album as "hurtling and out of control even when standing still. Merle can do nothing but sit and wait for phone calls that never come...It's a fantastic album, start to end..." George Bedard of AllMusic praises Haggard's cover of the Jimmie Rodgers classic "Rough and Rowdy Ways," insisting that Haggard "could evoke the Ghosts of Country Past in an absolutely convincing way without nostalgia or imitation."

Track listing
All songs by Merle Haggard unless otherwise noted.

Personnel
Merle Haggard – vocals, guitar

The Strangers:
Roy Nichols – guitar
Ralph Mooney – steel guitar
George French – piano
Jerry Ward – bass
Eddie Burris – drums

with
Lewis Talley – guitar
Billy Mize – guitar
Bonnie Owens – harmony vocals

and
James Burton – guitar, dobro
Glen Campbell – guitar
Glen D. Hardin – piano
Jim Gordon – drums

Chart positions

References

External links
Capitol finally gets around to issuing 10 full-lengths from country legend Merle Haggard's 1965-71 peak era. Pitchfork Media

1967 albums
Merle Haggard albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


The Antioch Review is an American literary magazine established in 1941 at Antioch College in Ohio. The magazine was published on a quarterly basis. One of the oldest continuously published literary magazines in the United States prior to it being put on hiatus by the college in 2020, it published fiction, essays, and poetry from both emerging and established authors.

About
The Antioch Review was founded in 1940 by small group of Antioch College faculty who sought to establish a forum for the voice of liberalism in a world facing the forces of fascism and communism. The first publication was released in 1941. In its early years, it was edited by collective, among whom were Paul Bixler and George Geiger, and later Paul Rohmann.

The magazine continued to publish despite the 2008-2011 closing of Antioch College (which reopened in 2011).

While its pages have been populated by innumerous academics, The Antioch Review does not publish footnotes, thus their contributions have been largely non- (rather than anti-) academic and journalistic in nature. Among the magazine's notable contributions, it published an article by Robert K. Merton in 1948 that introduced the world to the concept of the "self-fulfilling prophecy."

Dr. Robert S. (Bob) Fogarty, who joined the Antioch faculty in 1968 and was editor of The Antioch Review from 1977, received the PEN/Nora Magid Award for Magazine Editing in 2003.

Free speech is taken seriously at The Antioch Review.  The Winter 2016 issue published an article considered offensive to many transgender individuals and supporters, but was nevertheless defended against a wave of criticism on the grounds of free expression of ideas and opinions, even when they run counter to one's own.

As of October 2020, publication of the Review “just sort of stopped,” according to the magazine's long-time production editor Jane Baker; and, the college did not respond regarding the future of the Review when queried by editor Fogarty, who had been furloughed since April 2020.  In August, Fogarty and Ben Zitsman, the magazine's managing editor, incorporated a nonprofit called the Antioch Review Foundation to raise funds and be in a position to take responsibility for the publication from the college, but were served a cease-and-desist order barring their use of the magazine name without involvement of the college, and any other actions relating to the Review.  The college subsequently said that because of the college's financial challenges, the publication was being put on hiatus after the Winter 2020 issue (which saw delayed publication during the Summer of 2020) while the college explored options.  Fogarty's title as Editor was officially removed in June 2021, when the college retitled him as Editor Emeritus of the publication.  He died two months later.

As of 2023, the publication was still on hiatus, with no decision on its future being reported on the Antioch College website.

See also
List of literary magazines

References

External links
The Antioch Review official site

Literary magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1941
Magazines published in Ohio
Antioch College


KCLE may refer to:

 KCLE, a radio station (1460 AM) licensed to Burleson, Texas, United States
 KHFX, a radio station (1140 AM) licensed to Cleburne, Texas, United States, which held the call sign KCLE until September 2008
 KTRL (FM), a radio station (90.5 FM) licensed to Stephenville, Texas, United States, which held the call sign KCLE-FM from August 2008 to September 2008
 KTFW-FM, a radio station (92.1 FM) licensed to Glen Rose, Texas, United States, which held the call sign KCLE-FM from August 1993 to April 1998
 the ICAO code for Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport


The 18th Georgia Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Originally brigaded with the three Texas regiments of John Bell Hood's Texas Brigade, it was transferred to Thomas R.R. Cobb's Georgia Brigade after the Battle of Antietam in late 1862. After General Cobb was mortally wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the original colonel of the 18th Georgia, William T. Wofford, became Brigadier General of the Georgia Brigade.

Organization
The regiment was organized at Camp Brown (located near Smyrna), Cobb County, Georgia, on April 22, 1861, under a special act of the Georgia legislature. (See also Philips' Legion Background and Formation). It was originally designated First Regiment, Fourth Brigade, State Troops under the following officers:

 Colonel William T. Wofford, Cass County
 Lieutenant Colonel Solon Z. Ruff of the Georgia Military Institute, Cobb County
 Major Jefferson Johnson, Floyd County
 Adjutant John C. Griffin, Cobb County.

The volunteers trained at Camp Brown until transferring to Camp MacDonald at Big Shanty in present day (Kennesaw); the new, 60-acre facility opened on June 11, 1861. Phillips, founder of the famed Phillips Legion, named the camp in honor of his former law mentor and governor of Georgia Charles J. McDonald.

The regiment drilled for two more months after which the "Fourth Brigade" was broken up and sent north on August 2, 1861. At that time, the 18th Georgia Volunteer Regiment was composed of ten companies of roughly 750 soldiers, mostly from central counties in Georgia.

 Company A: Cobb County — "Acworth Infantry"
 Company B: Newton County — "Newton Rifles"
 Company C: Jackson County — "Jackson County Volunteers"
 Company D: Dougherty County — "Davis Invincibles"
 Company E: Gordon County — "Stephens Infantry"
 Company F: Bartow County — "Davis Guards"
 Company G: Bartow County — "Lewis Volunteers"
 Company H: Bartow County — "Rowland Highlanders"
 Company I: Dooly County — "Dooly Light Infantry"
 Company K: Bartow County — "Rowland Infantry"

Initial Deployment and Service
The 18th Georgia briefly guarded prisoners in Richmond captured at the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) and served garrison duty for two weeks in Goldsboro, North Carolina. In November they were sent north to the area of Dumfries, Virginia, along the Potomac River where they were attached to the 1st, 4th and 5th Texas infantry regiments to form a "full" Texas Brigade. For the next year they would be an integral member of the Texas Brigade as it fought from the Peninsula Campaign (May - July 1862) to Antietam.

The regiment was first engaged at the Battle of Eltham's Landing and the Battle of Seven Pines. It served conspicuously during the Seven Days Battle where, along with their Texas compatriots, they broke the line at the Battle of Gaines' Mill, effectively ending Union General McClellan's campaign, and resulting in regimental casualties of 37 killed and 106 wounded.

Two months later, the regiment distinguished itself again at the Second Battle of Bull Run (aka. Battle of Second Manassas) where members captured two stands of colors (those of the 24th and 10th New York Infantry regiments), and where, along with the Texas Brigade, they spearheaded General Longstreet's assault on Union General John Pope's left, nearly wiping out the 5th New York Zouaves and captured a battery of four guns. Regimental casualties were 37 dead and 87 wounded.

Three weeks later, September 1862, the 18th GA fought at the Battle of Antietam losing 14 killed and 30 wounded.

Under orders of the Confederate States War Department, the 18th Georgia Infantry was transferred from the Texas Brigade to Cobb's Georgia Brigade, McLaws' Division, remaining in Longstreet's Corps. Cobb's Brigade was now composed of the 16th, 24th, and 18th Georgia Regiments, Cobb's Legion, and Phillips' Legion. (The 18th GA remained assigned to Longstreet's Corps until the end of the war.) Now consisting of 160 barefoot men the 18th GA went into camp at Fredericksburg, Virginia. In the ensuing Battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment fought behind the stone wall on Marye's Heights sustaining losses of 14 killed and 30 wounded while inflicting heavy casualties upon the enemy. General Cobb bled to death from wounds sustained during the battle. May 1, Col. Wofford assumed command of the Texas Brigade.

Jackson's Corps, with McLaws' Division on the left flank, remained on the Fredericksburg front until the night of May 1. On that night, Jackson's force (containing the 18th GA) left Fredericksburg to outflank the outflanking Federal army. Thus began the Battle of Chancellorsville. After days of fighting, the 18th GA's casualties totaled 86; 14 killed and 72 wounded.

In June, 1863, Gen. Lee launched his second invasion of the north. Around Gettysburg, on the second day of battle after taking the city, Lee ordered Longstreet's Corps to attack diagonally from Little Round Top northward. The Confederate attack, coming late in the afternoon, saw Longstreet capture the positions west of Little Round Top known as Peach Orchard, Wheat Field, and Devil's Den on the Federal left. But, he failed to seize the vital Little Round Top.

After Gettysburg, the 18th GA retreated to an area near Manassas Gap, in Virginia. They fought a skirmish at Snickers Gap, Virginia on July 23, 1863, and did not see action again until October.

In September 1863, Longstreet's Corps left the Army of Northern Virginia by rail to join the Battle of Chickamauga in northwest Georgia, near Dalton. The corps bolstered the forces of General Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee. But, the 18th Georgia did not participate since they arrived on the field the day after the battle. October 28 and 29, 1863 found the 18th Georgia engaged in battles around Wauhatchie, Tennessee.

Bragg sent Longstreet's Corps off, with the 18th GA, in a futile attempt to capture Knoxville on November 5. The 18th Georgia Regiment found itself in a small skirmish on November 15 at Little River, Tennessee. On the 29th, Longstreet attacked Fort Sanders, but his troops were slaughtered in the ditches around the fort. He withdrew, and on December 3 started northward. By December 12, 1863, his forces arrived at Rogersville, and on the 15th he attempted to capture three brigades of Federal cavalry at the Battle of Bean's Station. The attempt failed although it was a Confederate victory.

January 16 and 17, 1864, the 18th Georgia was engaged in operations around Dandridge, Tennessee, east of Knoxville. April 11, Longstreet received orders to return to the Army of Northern Virginia.

By May 5, Longstreet was back in the lines with General Lee. On May 5, 1864, Gen. Longstreet's Corps was hit by the Federals on Old Turnpike and Orange Plank Road in the Battle of the Wilderness. By May 7, the Union had lost and General Grant was looking to maneuver around Lee's forces.

But, on May 8, Grant met heavy resistance at the famous Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse. By May 12, savage hand-to-hand fighting at Bloody Angle with Longstreet's men in the left flank. May 19, the battle finally ended with Grant being thrown back. The same forces met again, at North Anna River, May 22 – May 26, the Pamunky River, May 26–28, and at the Totopotomy Creek, May 28–31.

Then, at the Battle of Cold Harbor (May 31 - June 12), northeast of Richmond, Grant launched several very heavy attacks against Lee's army, including the 18th Georgia Regiment.

The 18th Georgia Regiment is listed as being engaged in the Assault on Petersburg, June 18, 1864. The siege of Petersburg lasted from June 16, 1864 until April 1865.

August 7, 1864, the unit was reassigned to operations against Sheridan's Campaign in the Shenandoah Valley where the 18th Georgia saw many small battles. August 16, they were engaged at Cedarville, and Guard Hill (Front Royal), Virginia. They next saw action at Bunker Hill, West Virginia September 2 and 3rd. On September 19, they saw action in the Battle of Opequan in Winchester, Virginia. Three days later, on the 22nd, the regiment saw action at the Battle of Fisher's Hill near Strasburg, Virginia. And lastly, on October 19, 1864, the unit saw action in the Battle of Cedar Creek, Middletown, and Belle Grove, Virginia.

November 30, 1864, the 18th GA was reassigned to the Army of Northern Virginia and moved back to Richmond. The siege on Petersburg and Richmond continued until Lee was forced to evacuate both cities April 2 and 3, 1865. An 88 mile (142 km) chase ensued down the Appomattox River to the southwest. Confederate forces were detained at Amelia Courthouse April 4 and 5, waiting for supplies that never arrived. The Confederates, including the 18th Georgia, were badly cut up on April 6 at the Battle of Sailor's Creek.

Finally, on April 8, 1865 the 18th Georgia Regiment, assigned to Gen. Kershaw's Division, Gen. Longstreet's First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia was represented at the surrender of Confederate Forces at Appomattox Court House by less than 60 members, the highest ranking of which was one Lieutenant Gideon J. Lasseter.

Campaigns and Battles

See also

Peninsula Campaign Confederate Order of Battle
Second Bull Run Confederate order of battle
Antietam Confederate order of battle
Fredericksburg Confederate order of battle
Chancellorsville Confederate order of battle
Gettysburg Confederate order of battle
List of Civil War regiments from Georgia

Notes

References
 Folsom, James Madison, Heroes and Martyrs of Georgia: Georgia's Record in the Revolution of 1861 Burke, Boykin & Company, 1864; Reprinted by Butternut and Blue, 1995,
 Polley, J. B., Hood's Texas Brigade: Its Marches, Its Battles, Its Achievements, Morningside Bookshop, 1988, .
 Simpson, Harold B., Hood's Texas Brigade: Lee's Grenadier Guard, Texas Press, 1970, .

External links
 18th Georgia website

Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Georgia (U.S. state)
Texas Brigade
1861 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)


The Aguda – Israel's LGBT Task Force (, HaAguda Lemaan HaLahatab BeYisrael), known commonly as the Aguda (, HaAguda, meaning "the association"), is an Israeli non-profit LGBT rights organization. Founded in 1975, the Aguda is based in Tel Aviv and focuses on volunteer-based initiatives and services for the LGBT community.

History
The Aguda was founded in Tel Aviv on October 6, 1975 by a group of 11 gay men and one lesbian, including the well-known Israeli LGBT activists Yaakov Pazi, Dan Lachman, and Theo Mainz. Beginning in 1977 the Aguda operated out of the house of Jonathan Danilowitz. In its early years, the Aguda's main activities were organizing parties and social gatherings for the LGBT community.

In 1979, the Aguda hosted a gathering for Jewish LGBT organizations, organized by Danilowitz. Guests from other countries participated in this event which some consider the first Israeli pride parade, which was held in Tel Aviv at Kings of Israel Square (now known as Rabin Square). In the same year, Aguda activist Dan Lachman founded the "White Line" () telephone crisis hotline.

Over the years the Aguda was responsible for various cultural events for the LGBT community, The Aguda was the primary organizer of the Tel Aviv Pride Parade, from its beginning in 1993 through 2004. In the years 2005 and 2006 the Parade was organized jointly with the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, and since 2007 it has been directed solely by the municipality. The Aguda also published the magazine Pink Time from 1996 to 2008.

In 1989 the Aguda began operating a political action program known as Otzma, directed by Marc Tenenbaum, Hadar Namir, and Joyce Sala. Through 1992 Otzma focused on fixing the Israeli equal labor opportunities law, believing it to be an achievable goal and due to Jonathan Danilowitz's ongoing suit against El Al for not giving equal benefits to his same-sex partner. Another reason for focussing on this law was that Ora Namir, the aunt of Hadar Namir, led the Knesset committee on labor and welfare. The alternative formulation of the law was suggested by the lawyer Dan Yakir of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, who dealt with the issue of LGBT rights in the framework of his master's degree in the United States. In December 1992 the law was amended, and thus the Aguda achieved its first political breakthrough. In 1994 the Supreme Court of Israel relied on this law, when it ruled that El Al had illegally discriminated against Danilowitz, and recognized for the first time the rights of a same-sex couple.

The Aguda was also closely involved in various other political achievements for the Israeli LGBT community in the 1990s, including the 1992 establishment of a subcommittee for LGBT issues within the Committee for the Advancement of Women's Status in the Knesset, the 1993 change to the military's policy on enlistment to equalize the enlistment of gay and lesbian soldiers to those of other soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces, and the 1997 addition of degradation based on sexual orientation to the law prohibiting slander.

Since 2006, Israeli citizens who are exempt from military service in the Israel Defense Forces can volunteer in the Aguda as a form of national service.

In 2010 the Aguda received The Presidential Volunteer Medal, awarded by then-President Shimon Peres.

Social Services

Included in the Aguda's social services are the LGBT Hotline (Yesh Im Mi Ledaber , meaning There is Someone to Talk To), legal assistance, the Nir Katz center for reporting LGBT-phobic violence, the LGBT clinic for psychological consultation, the LGBT Refugees project, the Pride Tag sign for businesses to indicate their support for the LGBT community, and its public policy forum.

Organization name
The Aguda was founded with the name "The Association for the Protection of Individual Rights" (), due to the fact that the Israeli Associations Register refused to accept the words "gay" or "lesbian" in an organization's name.

In 1988, following the repeal of anti-sodomy laws in Israel, the phrase "for Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals in Israel" was added to the name. In 1995, the operating name of the organization changed to "The Association of Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals in Israel", and the term "Transgender" was added to the name in 1999.

The organization is commonly known by the colloquial names "The Aguda" () (which may also be transliterated in English as "The Agudah") or "The Israeli LGBT Association" ().

See also
 LGBT rights in Israel
 Israel Gay Youth
 2009 Tel Aviv gay centre shooting
 Jerusalem Open House
 Tehila

References

External links
Aguda official website

LGBT organizations in Israel
LGBT political advocacy groups in Israel


For Teayo, see:

 Mexico:
Teayo, Veracruz, a small village, and
Castillo de Teayo, Veracruz, a larger village that serves as the municipal seat of:
Castillo de Teayo (municipality)
Castillo de Teayo (Mesoamerican site), pre-Columbian archaeological site and Mesoamerican pyramid


In economics, the Metzler paradox (named after the American economist Lloyd Metzler) is the theoretical possibility that the imposition of a tariff on imports may reduce the relative internal price of that good.  It was proposed by Lloyd Metzler in 1949 upon examination of tariffs within the Heckscher–Ohlin model.  The paradox has roughly the same status as immiserizing growth and a transfer that makes the recipient worse off.

The strange result could occur if the exporting country's offer curve is very inelastic.  In this case, the tariff lowers the duty-free cost of the price of the import by such a great degree that the effect of the improvement of the tariff-imposing countries' terms of trade on relative prices exceeds the amount of the tariff.  Such a tariff would not protect the industry competing with the imported goods.

It is deemed to be unlikely in practice.

See also
Leontief paradox
Lerner paradox
List of paradoxes
Rybczynski effect

References

Further reading

Eponymous paradoxes
International trade theory
Paradoxes in economics


Americans for Job Security (AJS) is a Virginia-based pro-business league. The group has operated since 1997 and runs issue advertisements nationwide. Last month, CREW received notice that the FEC reached a conciliation agreement with AJS, requiring them to register as a political committee and disclose their donors, which they did.

History and related organizations
Michael Dubke, David Carney, and several business groups helped start Americans for Job Security in 1997. Carney was political director for President George H. W. Bush, and Dubke was the first executive director and then president of Americans for Job Security until April 2008, when Stephen DeMaura, recruited by Carney, took over.

In 2002, AJS ran over $1 million in advertising attacking Democrat Jeanne Shaheen, who was running for the US Senate from NH in opposition to Republican John Sununu. In the 2008, rematch between Shaheen and Sununu, AJS again funded advertising attacking Shaheen. In 2012, it bought $8 million worth of ads opposing Obama's reelection.

Complaints have been filed with the Federal Election Commission stating that Americans for Job Security should lose its 501(c)(6) status, which is reserved for "business leagues and trade associations" rather than groups that seek to influence elections. In September 2019, the Federal Election Commission reached a conciliation agreement with AJS, requiring them to register as a political committee and disclose their donors, which they did on October 25, 2019.

Notable donors include:

 Peter Thiel – $500,000
 Richard and Helen Devos – $2 million
 Sheldon and Miriam Adelson – $500,000
 Robert McNair – $1,000,000

Notable corporate donors include:

 Continental Resources – $1 million
 Devon Energy and Devon Energy Production Corp – $3 million
 Hensel Phelps Construction – $2.93 million
 Penn National Gaming – $737,000
 US Sugar Corp – $750,000
 Wynn Resorts – $500,000
 Bass Pro Shops – $50,000
 Quicken Loans – $250,000

Previously known donors include Anthony Pritzker, Eli Broad, John Fisher and Charles Schwab. Schwab was known to have given millions to AJS, but the new information shows that he gave an additional $2.15 million.

In April 2018, watchdog groups filed complaints with the Internal Revenue Service against Americans for Job Security for failure to comply with federal rules governing nonprofits by not filing its taxes in over three years. Americans For Job Security's 501(c)(6) status was revoked by the Internal Revenue Service on June 1, 2018, retroactive to March 15, 2018.

Operation Trenchcoat
In Alaska, the Pebble Mine proposal was opposed for endangering commercial fishing, and supported for creating jobs. Alaskan financier Robert Gillam paid $2 million to join AJS, as encouraged to by Dubke, expecting the money to be used to oppose the mine. Instead, AJS passed almost all of it onto another nonprofit, Alaskans for Clean Water, set up to push a ballot initiative, Alaska Clean Water Initiative, 2008, aimed at imposing clean-water restrictions on the mine, by a group that included Art Hackney, a local Republican consultant and board member of AJS. The Alaska Public Offices Commission investigated, and AJS paid a $20,000 settlement without admitting guilt, agreeing not to help anyone make anonymous contributions in the future which involved Alaska elections, but without the agreement applying to other states.

References

External links
Americans for Job Security official site
Americans for Job Security, 2004 Election Cycle at OpenSecrets.org
Donor list from 2010 to 2012, released by AJS to satisfy FEC conciliation agreement of 2019.
501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations
Non-profit organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia


GX 339-4 is a moderately strong variable galactic low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) source and black hole candidate that flares from time to time. From spectroscopic measurements, the mass of the black-hole was found to be at least of 5.8 solar masses.

During the outbursts GX 339-4 shows evolution of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). In the rising phase the QPO frequency monotonically increase as the CENBOL propagates closer to the black hole and in the declining phase the QPO frequency monotonically decreases since the CENBOL recedes away from the black hole after viscosity is decreased. The frequency variation is thus well modeled by the propagating and oscillating shock in the sub-Keplerian flow. The entire spectrum also fits very well using two component advective flow solution.

A strong, variable relativistic jet, emitting from radio to infrared wavelengths was observed by several studies.

References

External links
 http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/123/3/1741: Optical Observations of the black hole candidate GX 339-4 Cowely et al.
 http://www.universetoday.com/89102/big-ol-black-hole-jets/: Big Ol’ Black Hole Jets

X-ray binaries
Ara (constellation)
Arae, V821


Earth, Sky, and Everything in Between is a compilation by Canadian band I Mother Earth. It features four rare tracks and a live studio session recorded in 1997 for a Sound Source Radio Special at Mushroom Studios, Vancouver. “Wrong” is the most notable track as it was a song recorded for Scenery and Fish but was left off the album due to space issues.

Personnel
Edwin – vocals
Jagori Tanna – guitars, backing vocals
Bruce Gordon – bass
Christian Tanna – drums

Track listing
All songs written by "I Mother Earth"

 Levitate (Acoustic) – 4:34
 So Gently We Go (Acoustic) – 5:07
 Subterranean Wonderland – 8:05
 Wrong – 5:35
 Like a Girl – 4:55
 Used to be Alright – 5:30
 Pisser – 5:30
 Another Sunday – 4:42
 One More Astronaut – 6:10
 Por Todos (Percussion Intro) – 2:25
 Earth, Sky & C – 7:04
 Levitate – 5:36

Tracks 1 to 3 are b-sides to the Dig album, track 4 is a b-side to the Scenery and Fish album, tracks 5 to 12 are 1997 live studio sessions.

References

2001 compilation albums
I Mother Earth albums