The Mass Psychology of Fascism () is a 1933 psychology book written by the Austrian psychoanalyst and psychiatrist Wilhelm Reich, in which the author attempts to explain how fascists and authoritarians come into power through their political and ideologically-oriented sexual repression on the popular masses.

Background

Reichoriginally from Galicia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and practicing psychoanalysis and psychiatry in Viennajoined the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) in 1928. He joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) upon moving his psychoanalytic practice to Berlin in 1930. However, The Mass Psychology of Fascism was seen as being so critical of the communist regime in the Soviet Union that Reich was considered to be a liability to the KPD, and was subsequently kicked out of the party upon the book's publication in 1933.

Summary
The question at the heart of Reich's book was this: why did the masses turn to authoritarianism even though it is clearly against their interests? In 1933, Reich set out to analyze "the economic and ideological structure of (particularly) German society between 1928 and 1933" in this book.  The healthy alternative, he proposes, is a form of "Workers Democracy", whereby those who 'do' the actual work make the decisions as to what, how and why.

Reich argued that the reason why German fascism (i.e., Nazism) was chosen over communism was that of increased sexual repression in Germany – as opposed to the somewhat more liberal (post-revolutionary) Russia. As children, members of the (German) proletariat learned from their parents to suppress nearly all sexual desire and – instead – expend the repressed energy into authoritarian idealism. Hence, in adults, any rebellious and sexual impulses experienced would cause fundamental anxiety and – therefore, instead – social control is used to reduce anxiety. Fear of revolt, as well as fear of sexuality, were thus "anchored" in the 'character structure' of the masses (the majority). This influenced the irrationality of the 'people' and allowed (irrational) 'populistic' ideology to flourish, Reich argued:

Suppression of the natural sexuality in the child, particularly of its genital sexuality, makes the child apprehensive, shy, obedient, afraid of authority, good and adjusted in the authoritarian sense; it paralyzes the rebellious forces because any rebellion is laden with anxiety; it produces, by inhibiting sexual curiosity and sexual thinking in the child, a general inhibition of thinking and of critical faculties. In brief, the goal of sexual suppression is that of producing an individual who is adjusted to the authoritarian order and who will submit to it in spite of all misery and degradation. Initially, the child has to submit to the structure of the authoritarian miniature state, the family, which process makes it capable of later subordination to the general authoritarian system. The formation of the authoritarian structure takes place through the anchoring of sexual inhibition and anxiety.

Reich noted that the symbolism of the swastika, evoking the fantasy of the primal scene, showed in spectacular fashion how Nazism systematically manipulated the collective unconscious. A repressive family, a baneful religion, a sadistic educational system, the terrorism of the party, fear of economic manipulation, fear of racial contamination, and permitted violence against minorities all operated in and through individuals' (the collective) unconscious psychology of emotions, traumatic experiences, fantasies, libidinal economies, and so on, and Nazi political ideology and practice exacerbated and exploited these tendencies.

For Reich, fighting fascism meant first of all studying it scientifically, which was to say, using the methods of psychoanalysis. He believed that reason alone would be able to check the forces of irrationality and loosen the grip of mysticism and is also capable of playing its own part in developing original modes of political action, building on a deep respect for life, and promoting a harmonious channelling of libido and orgastic potency. Reich proposed "work democracy", a self-managing form of social organization that would preserve the individual's freedom, independence, autonomy and encourage his/her responsibility and society would thus base itself on these principles: Love, work and knowledge are the well-springs of our life. They should also govern it.

Banning
The book, along with many others banned by the Nazis when they came to power, was publicly burnt in the Nazi book burnings. Reich realized he was in considerable danger and hurriedly left Germany; first going to Austria (to see his ex-wife and children) and then to 'exile' in Denmark, Sweden & subsequently Norway. Reich was also subsequently expelled from the International Psychoanalytical Association in 1934 for his political militancy and his views on sexuality. This book – and all of Reich's published books – were later ordered to be burned on the request of the Food and Drug Administration by a judge in Maine, United States in 1954.

The authoritarian family as the first cell of the fascist society
Chapter V contains the famous statement that the family is the first cell of the fascist society:

Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari reprised Reich arguments in their joint work Anti-Oedipus (1972), in which they discuss the formation of fascism at the molecular level of society.

See also
 Psychoanalytic sociology
 Right-wing authoritarian personality
 The Authoritarian Personality
 The True Believer

References
Informational notes

Citations

External links
Full text at archive.org

1933 non-fiction books
Anti-fascist books
Books about authoritarianism
Books about fascism
Books about the far right
Books about the Oedipus complex
German non-fiction books
Psychoanalytic books
Works by Wilhelm Reich


Foy H. Moody High School is a public high school located in the city of Corpus Christi, Texas and classified as a 5A school by the UIL.  It is a part of the Corpus Christi Independent School District located in southeast Nueces County.  In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Athletics
The Moody Trojans compete in the following sports: Volleyball, Cross Country, Football, Basketball, Wrestling, Powerlifting, Swimming, Soccer, Golf, Tennis, Track, Baseball & Softball

State Titles
Baseball -
2004(5A), 2007(4A)
Boys Track -
1968(2A)

References

External links
Corpus Christi ISD

Corpus Christi Independent School District high schools
Educational institutions established in 1967
High schools in Corpus Christi, Texas
1967 establishments in Texas


The Peugeot Type 81 was a fairly large car, and with among the largest units of any contemporary Peugeot model, a correspondingly large production effort of the time.  Available as a closed top limousine or a double phaeton, 251 Type 81s were built during 1906.  The engine was a 2.2 L straight-4 which produced 15 hp at 1400 rpm.

References
Histomobile on Type 81
Peugeot Car Models from 1889 to 1909

Type 81
1900s cars
Vehicles introduced in 1906


HM Prison Chelmsford is a Category B men's prison and Young Offenders Institution, located in Chelmsford, Essex, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

History
Chelmsford Prison began as a county jail in 1825 before transforming into a Category B prison, a young person's prison, and a local prison. It was expanded in 1996.

The prison's main entrance was originally through an austere stone-built porter's lodge in the middle of the Springfield Road frontage. The lodge's flat roof was designed to support the gallows scaffold and drop, while the forecourt could easily accommodate the hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of spectators that would congregate for an execution.

Originally called Springfield Prison, from 1825 to the end of 1914 43 people were hanged.

The first 'private' execution at Springfield was that of Michael Campbell on 24th April 1871. The 28 year old Berwick born tailor and former soldier was convicted of murder of Samuel Galloway (49), a retired dock worker in Stratford.

The oldest man to be hanged in the 20th century in Britain was 71 year old German born grocer Charles Fremd who was executed on 4th November 1914 for murdering his wife at Leytonstone. She was found dead from a cut throat. Her husband was beside her with only a minor self-inflicted wound. As Fremd was dropped he caught and bruised his head on the trap door. Shortly after Fremd's death the prison was taken over by the army for use as a military gaol, and after it reverted to civilian use in 1931 there were no further executions Thus, the oldest man was also the last man to feel the noose around his neck at Springfield Prison.

In 1999 the management at Chelmsford Prison were severely criticised by the Chief Inspector of Prisons, after findings that staff were failing to respond to cell alarms five years after a prisoner was beaten to death by his cell-mate. The prison was also criticised for unacceptably bad conditions of cleanliness. A further inspection a year later confirmed these failings at the prison. In 2002, "conditions at Chelmsford...[were] condemned as 'poor and cramped' by the gaol's board of visitors."

However, in 2005, Chelmsford was praised in its inspection for improving standards and procedures for inmates at the prison. This was confirmed a year later by the Independent Monitoring Board which praised the new management at the prison.

On 25 December 2007, 18-year-old Abdullah Hagar Idris hanged himself in the prison after he was told that he was going to be deported.

In January 2013, the Ministry of Justice announced that older parts of Chelmsford prison will close, with a reduction of 132 places at the gaol.

In December 2015 a riot lead to six members of staff needing hospital treatment.

The prison today
Chelmsford Prison accepts adult male prisoners and Young Offenders, convicted or on remand direct from courts within its local catchment area.

Education at the prison is contracted to Milton Keynes College, and courses offered include literacy, numeracy, information technology, art, barbering, journalism, cookery, ESOL as well as social and life programs. The prison's gym also offers physical education with industry-related qualifications, as well as recreational gym.

In addition, the prison has links to, and facilities provided by, organisations such as the Job Centre and the Samaritans. There is also a Prison Visitor Centre operated by the Ormiston Children and Families Trust.

Staffing at the prison has been reduced by 25%. According to the Independent Monitoring Board bullying, violence and self-harm have increased markedly at the prison due to staff shortages.  Budget cuts and the inability of the prison service to recruit and retain staff lead to fears for prison safety.  The prison is becoming more dangerous and less effective.  Prison health care provided by Care UK is considered poor, there were delays in getting medication and reliance on agency staff to fill vacancies.

There is insufficient secure mental health accommodation outside’ the prison for the most vulnerable inmates. The Independent Monitoring Board stated that the "level of service being provided to care for prisoners’ physical and mental health needs remains inadequate"  Due to staff shortages the staff were unable to provide engagement work or education for prisoners.  Illegal drugs are a problem. Use of force by staff is increasing and there is insufficient monitoring if this use is appropriate.  Prisoners must spend too long in their cells.  Physical and mental health services for prisoners were found to be inadequate.  The staff try to engage prisoners. Money is not available for needed renovation of the Victorian building.

Following the death of a vulnerable inmate in January 2017 and criticism by the Prison Ombudsman, Care UK announced it would end its healthcare contract there as the level of resource the prison service made available was insufficient.

Drug use is a serious problem at HMP Chelmsford according to HM Inspectorate of Prisons (42.6% of prisoners failed drug tests) and organised gangs supply prohibited items.  Inspectors describe, "significant concerns about safety" and excessive levels of violence, much of the violence is due to supply and use of prohibited substances.  Overcrowding and under-resourcing are blamed. Peter Clarke said the rising violence, suicides, accessibility of drugs and bad living conditions made him consider using the Urgent Notification protocol, which would make the Justice Secretary take action.  In one month, prison authorities seized £15,000 worth of illegal goods.  There were 17 suicides at Chelmsford during the 8 years to 2018 and 5 of them were since the inspection in 2016.  For examples of suicides, see Notable former inmates.  Deborah Coles of Inquest said the prison was, "incredibly unsafe [the rate of suicides] suggests that the plethora of recommendations following previous self-inflicted deaths have not been implemented. Inquests repeatedly identify the same systemic failings with dismal regularity.  Recent inquests into deaths at Chelmsford prison have highlighted failures around the management of self-harm procedures, a lack of staff training in mental health awareness, inadequate risk assessments and failures in responding to bullying.  The failure to implement existing guidelines on the care of those at risk indicates a lack of care, neglect and inhuman treatment from punitive and often inflexible prison regimes."  Coles urged the setting up of a national group to supervise how lessons from inquests and reports are carried out, the group to be accountable to Parliament.  Problems inspectors drew attention to included that 40% of prisoners who did not take part in activities were locked in their cells for up to 22 hours a day and items including mattresses and pillows were in short supply.  The Howard League for Penal Reform maintain Chelmsford was designed to hold 521 men but the prison actually held 700 men when it was inspected.

Notable inmates
 In 1990 former professional footballer Tony Adams spent 57 days of a four month sentence in HMP Chelmsford for drink-driving.
 Stephen Bear, reality TV personality
 Alfred George Hinds
 Ian Wright, former footballer

In popular culture
 The 1979 film Porridge (a film version of the Porridge TV series) was filmed almost entirely on location at Chelmsford Prison in freezing conditions in January 1979. The prison was unoccupied at the time because it was being refurbished after a fire in one of the wings.
 The punk rock band The Sex Pistols recorded a live album here called Live at Chelmsford Top Security Prison.
 Featured in TV Series Luther

References

External links

 Ministry of Justice pages on HMP & YOI Chelmsford
HMP & YOI Chelmsford - HM Inspectorate of Prisons Reports
History of Chelmsford Springfield Gaol from theprison.org.uk

Chelmsford
Chelmsford
Prisons in Essex
1830 establishments in England
Chelmsford
Buildings and structures in Chelmsford (city)


Barbara Gilmour (married name Barbara Dunlop; died 1732) was a significant figure in 17th century Ayrshire having introduced a method of cheese making which became common throughout Ayrshire and beyond, providing employment and extra income for farmers and others. She lived near Dunlop, a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland, lying between the village of Lugton and the town of Stewarton on the old turnpike road to Glasgow. Cheese made by her method became known as "Dunlop cheese".

Early life
Barbara Gilmour was a woman whose wits had been sharpened by her exile as a presbyterian in Ireland around 1660, during Scotland's troubles between the Restoration of Charles II and the dirk & drublie dayis after the revolution. In Ireland she is thought to have learned the art of making whole milk cheese. She may have been in the Bantry Bay area, County Cork, where James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye was at one time based. Hamilton was a strong presbyterian adherent and son of Hans Hamilton the first Protestant minister of Dunlop Kirk. McMichael states that she was in County Down, Northern Ireland.

It is not known precisely where she came from, however "Gilmore" or "Gilmour" is a common local name, with for example a family of that name living in the Lands of Chapeltoun at around the start of the 18th century.

Another source states that she was a pious young woman–a devout Covenanter–and, hearing of the martyrdom of Margaret Wilson (in 1684 or 1685) on Wigtown Sands, and being determined not to renounce the Covenant, she fled, like many others, from her home in Ayrshire to Ireland, and found employment in County Down, where she acquired a knowledge of the Irish process of cheese making. The persecution of females having abated after the horrible event of Wigtown Sands, Miss Gilmour returned to her home in Dunlop, and became a farmer's wife.

Career
Eventually, according to the Rev. Brisbane (1793), she returned to Dunlop, East Ayrshire, after the Revolution of 1688, bringing the recipe for the cheese with her; McMichael has it that she combined the best of Scottish and Irish cheese making methods to produce Dunlop cheese. Paterson records that she was the wife of John Dunlop, the farmer of Overhill Farm, now known as The Hill. Introducing a new style of cheese was not straightforward and, some of the locals adamant that cheese could not be made from whole milk, came close to accusing her of witchcraft which could have resulted in her being burned to death at the Cross of Irvine.

Some accused her of copying their recipes and indeed a farmer, Mr W. Aiton of Strathaven, pointed out that practical cheese makers were already aware of the benefit of adding cream to cheese before Barbara's time, and in his opinion Dunlop cheese was so named from a trader who took these cheeses from the parish up to Glasgow. Others have cast doubt on the Irish origin of the recipe without disputing Barbara Gilmour's introduction of Dunlop cheese.

The cheese presses
Most sources, e.g. Dobie state that "Barbara's Gilmours cheese press can still be seen today at The Hill", however the cheese press here is dated 1760 and she died in 1732. The design of the press, with a heavy lintel stone having a screwed shaft passing through it attached to a frame, allowed the dead weight of the stone to be lowered onto the cheese progressively, improving the overall drainage of the whey and the firming up of the curd.

Another stone at the farm may represent the remains a primitive cheese press. It is an expertly carved trough with various holes, grooves and three vertical sides. The groove running horizontally along the back may have helped support a wooden frame above the trough. It may have been re-used for a different purpose at a later date and is unlikely to have been part of the 1760 press.

The Hill cheese presses, 2007

The Hill farm and the old road

This farmstead, previously known as Over Dunlophill Montgomerie, has a U-shaped plan and has been little modernised since the 19th century, leaving evidence for earlier phases plainly visible. The farm buildings comprise a two-storied farmhouse flanked to the south by stables, a harness room and a forge and to the north by a byre and a dairy. A barn and a cart shed are in a detached range to the rear east of the main block and a small watermill is to the north, adjacent to the dairy. The farmstead is built of whinstone rubble and has slate roofs. It was visited by the RCAHMS in 1993. In the surrounding fields can be seen the earthworks of a rig, some of which is slightly reverse-S in plan. The farm buildings are notable, if not exceptional, for the numerous date stones and marriage stone incorporated into various parts of the buildings.

The 17th-century road from Glasgow to Irvine ran past The Hill farm on the opposite side to the existing road, which is itself on the line of the 18th-century turnpike. The house used to face the other direction as can be seen by a slight asymmetry in the existing frontage and the old front door is now a just a window, but with tell-tale ornamentation on the lintel. The presence of the road as it was then, running past the farm, would have made the transport of her cheeses that much easier in those days of transport by pack animal or sledge. Timothy Pont's map of Cunninghame (1604–1608) marks an "O Hill", emphasising the age of this settlement.

Gravestone and descendants
Barbara and John's table style horizontal gravestone is now positioned as an upright against a wall of Dunlop kirk. It is very well preserved and as stated, gives the date 1732 for her demise. The gravestone inscription mentions children plural, however only a daughter, Mary, survived her parents, marrying Allan, son of Allan Brown of Gabroch-Hill. Their son, Andrew Brown, succeeded to Hill, and through his wife Jean Anderson, they afterwards succeeded to Craighead farm. Mary Dunlop, daughter of John Dunlop of Boarland and Jean Gilmour of Tailend, had the half of Boarland, died at The Hill, the property of her mother's brother-in-law, in 1839. The Rev. Brisbane noted in 1793 that Barbara's grandson was still living and was the proprietor at 'The Hill.'

Dunlop cheese

Barbara successfully manufactured a species of cheese until then unknown in Scotland, being made from unskimmed milk from the famous Ayrshire cows.  Her process was copied by her neighbours and Dunlop cheese came into such demand, that whether made by Barbara or her neighbours, or by the housewives of adjoining parishes, it found a ready market. It is suggested that the spread of the cheese to other districts was largely through farmers who had settled there from Dunlop parish.

She was something of an evangelist in the matter of making "sweet milk" (unskimmed milk) cheese, and being a forthright and energetic character she traveled widely to teach the making of her Dunlop cheese, and so stimulated a nationwide demand. This demand stimulated merchants to visit Cunninghame, buy Dunlop cheese and sell it throughout the central lowlands of Scotland. Local cheese merchants from Kirktoun also bought up the cheese and took them to Glasgow for sale in the markets.

Barbara's system for making Dunlop was widely copied and extended rapidly to many all parts of Scotland by the end of the 18th century, even where traditionally sheep's milk cheese had been made. Nothing but skimmed milk had been used in the process of cheese making in this district, previously. All the cheese similarly made in the western counties received the appellation of "Dunlop" and in 1837 the Ayrshire Statistical Account records that 25,000 stones imperial were made in this parish annually.

The high value which was set on the Barbara Gilmour cheese for the purpose of roasting was very much confined to Ayrshire, where a farl of oat cake or supple scone spread with roasted cheese, and a bowl of milk, or whey, or tea, or cold water, made a highly relished and substantial meal, precluding in many families the use of bacon for breakfast.

Cadgers
Cadgers were the middlemen who toured the farms and bought the cheeses by direct negotiation, sending them to the markets in Glasgow, Edinburgh and other places. By 1837 some fourteen cadgers made a living in Dunlop Parish through buying and selling Dunlop cheese.

In the long maturing stage Dunlop cheese loses very considerably in weight, which made dealers impatient to get it off their hands; and it was usually therefore retailed before it was ripe, and at an inferior price.

A poem

Ayrshire or Dunlop cattle

Dunlop cattle are supposed to have originated here or within the parish, bred by J. Dunlop of that Ilk from improved stock from Holland, in around 1550 to 1700 or later. J. Dunlop of Titwood is said to have first bred 'Ayrshire Cows' at one of his home farms. The breed, also known as Cunninghame or Ayrshire cattle are pied, white and brown, short in leg, long in the horn, straight in the back: the bulls are fiery in temper and the cows are peculiarly placid and docile. They produce milk which is very high in butterfat and ideal for cheese-making. The milk has a high protein content and is relatively homogenous.

It is an interesting point to note that the selective breeding of cattle was almost impossible before the enclosure of land by dykes and ditches in the 18th-century, because prior to this the cattle were free to mix without much control from the farmer and establishing or maintaining a pure breed was therefore practically impossible.

Micro history
The British army and navy of this time purchased Barbara Gilmour's Dunlop type of cheese as the taste of cheeses made from skimmed milk when compared with unskimmed cheeses was so unsatisfactory that it caused dissent amongst the regular troops and sailors.

In the 17th century Dunlop had two fairs a year for the sale of dairy stock, one on the second Friday of May; and the other called Hallowday, on 12 November.

An Ayrshire cow was given to Robbie Burns in 1788 by Mr. J. Dunlop of Dunlop. He wrote to say that the gift was the finest quey in Ayrshire. A 'quey' was the Scots for a heifer until she had birthed a calf.

In Sir Walter Scott's "Heart Of Midlothian" he has the Duke of Argyll saying "the Dunlop is the very cheese of which I am so fond, and I will take it as the greatest favour you can do me to send one to Caroline Park. But remember, be on honour with it, Jeanie, and make it all yourself, for I am a real good judge."

Timothy Pont states of Stewarton and Dunlop in 1604 – 1608 that "the butter of this countrey in effecte ferues a grate pairt of ye Kingdome, one aker of ground heir zeilding more butter then 3 akers of ground in aney adiacent countreys".

One place that Dunlop cheese is made today (2008) is at West Clerkland Farm, a short distance from Barbara Gilmour's old home.

The Dunlop legacy of Barbara Gilmour

See also
 Dalgarven Mill – The Ayrshire Museum of Country Life & Costume
 Corsehill – A history of the area
 Dunlop cheese
 Lugton

References

External links
A historical perspective, drawn from the Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland
A page on Dunlop Cheese
Details of cheese making and a photograph of a stone cheese press at 'The Hill' farm in Dunlop
  A Researcher's Guide to Local History terminology

17th-century births
1732 deaths
17th-century Scottish people
17th-century Scottish women
18th-century Scottish businesspeople
18th-century British businesswomen
18th-century Scottish women
People from Dunlop, East Ayrshire
Scottish inventors
Year of birth unknown
Women inventors
Covenanters
History of Scottish cuisine
Scottish women in business


The Low Life is a 1995 American film starring Rory Cochrane and directed and co-written by George Hickenlooper.

Plot
A Yale graduate, with dreams of becoming a writer, moves to Hollywood and struggles with low-paying jobs, poverty, romance and slacker friends.

Cast
Rory Cochrane as John
Sean Astin as Andrew
Kyra Sedgwick as Bevan
Renée Zellweger as Poet
J. T. Walsh as Mike Sr.
Ron Livingston as Chad
James LeGros as Mike, Jr.
Michael Massee as Bartender

References

External links

1995 films
1995 drama films
Films directed by George Hickenlooper
American drama films
1995 directorial debut films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


Pale Gray for Guilt (1968) is the ninth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around McGee's investigation into the death of his close friend Tush Bannon, who he suspects has been murdered because of his refusal to sell his waterfront property to developers. In terms of series continuity, Pale Gray for Guilt is particularly important in that it involves a love interest, Puss Killian, who is central to the final book: The Lonely Silver Rain.

Synopsis
When McGee visits Tush Bannon, his wife Janine and their children at their motel/marina, he finds the business in trouble.  Tush explains that the local authorities are making life difficult for him by such means as introducing roadworks on the only access road.  Pressure is being put on the Bannons by a well-connected local businessman, Preston LaFrance, to sell to a large corporation that wants to develop the land for industrial use.  Most of the income they have left is from a few houseboats, one of which is rented to Arlie Denn and her husband, hippies who make a small living selling handicrafts.

The next time McGee sees Tush, they bump into one another at a bar, where Tush is in conversation with a smart young woman named Mary Smith.  He tells McGee that Smith is an agent for an entrepreneur named Gary Santo, who wants to acquire the whole parcel of land.  Tush has appealed to both LaFrance and Santo without success; they are not interested in his personal circumstances and are prepared to put him out of business to get what they want.  Tush cannot afford to sell his land at the deflated price now being offered.  All he can do now is to resume his old job as a salesman.

When McGee next goes to call on the Bannons, he finds the motel and marina closed down, and learns that Tush was found dead on the premises the previous day, apparently having committed suicide by releasing a heavy hoist onto his own head.  Suspecting foul play, McGee investigates further and learns that Tush's wife Janine, having been forced to leave the property by bailiffs, has gone to stay with an old friend, Connie Alvarez, and is not yet aware of her husband's death.  Satisfied that Tush did not kill himself, McGee begins a campaign to help Janine and her children financially whilst seeking revenge on those whom he holds responsible.

With help from his friend Meyer, McGee builds up an elaborate scam.  They con LaFrance into buying the Bannon land at an inflated price and the profits are used to buy Janine shares in Fletchers, a company whose stocks Meyer knows to be over-priced.  McGee then obtains an introduction to Gary Santo through Mary Smith, avoiding the latter's sexual advances by pretending to be away setting up a deal.  He persuades Santo to invest heavily in Fletchers, thus artificially boosting the share price, selling off Janine's shares when the market peaks.  McGee's girlfriend, Puss Killian, also plays a part in the scam, but then disappears, leaving a mysterious note of apology, saying that their affair is at an end.

In the meantime, McGee has been arrested by the local sheriff on suspicion of involvement in Tush Bannon's murder.  Testifying against him is Arlie Denn, who witnessed the murder and has been bought off by the murderer, Freddy Hazzard, a junior deputy related to LaFrance.  Hazzard, who had set up the suicide scenario after accidentally killing Tush by an over-enthusiastic beating, goes on the run when Arlie changes her story, but reappears later on McGee's boat, The Busted Flush, where he takes Janine hostage and subjects her and McGee to an ordeal of several hours imprisonment, his plan being to sink the boat with them in it and get away on its small speedboat.  McGee manages to get free, but is shot in the shoulder by Hazzard, who is then killed by Janine with a blow from a fire extinguisher.  Wishing to avoid publicity, McGee and Janine agree to bury Hazzard at sea and they spend some time together on a fake holiday before returning to base, where McGee is confronted by Santo and Smith.  Learning how he has been stung, Santo fires Smith, but she quickly loses interest in McGee.  A message of explanation from Puss Killian makes him resolve to stay away from women for the foreseeable future, and he is left alone with Meyer to resume his usual way of life.

Themes

The title phase, "Pale Gray for Guilt" is not mentioned directly in the book, but similar phrases are used.  In the first edition, on Page 39, Tush Bannon's wife states, "I'm going to look at some nice gray skin.  Gray and pale, oily and guilty as hell."  Later on Page 183, MacDonald writes, "And I watched the gray appear.  That gray like a wet stone.  Gray for fright.  Gray for guilt.  Gray for despair."

McGee procures $60,000 from one of the characters using a Pigeon Drop scheme with the help of Meyer who assumes the semi-pseudonym of "Dr. G. Ludweg Meyer."  Later on, Meyer presents McGee with $25,000 in stock gains from investments in Fletcher Industries.

References

1968 American novels
Travis McGee (novel series)


Spirit of Korean Celadon () is a 2002 North Korean film directed by Phyo Kwang. A drama with "fun, unconventional musical sequences", the film is set during the Goryeo period and tells the story of a craftsman devoted to making traditional Korean celadon.

Spirit of Korean Celadon was one of three North Korean films shown at the Special Screening section of the Jeonju International Film Festival, held from 28 April–6 May 2005.

References

External links

2000s Korean-language films
North Korean drama films
2002 films
Films set in the Goryeo Dynasty


Cabinet of Stanisław Mackiewicz (Polish: Rząd Stanisława Mackiewicza) was formed by the Polish Government in Exile on 8 June 1954, serving until 21 June 1955.

Original cabinet
 Stanisław Mackiewicz, Prime Minister.
 Kazimierz Okulicz, Minister of Justice.
 Zygmunt Rusinek, Minister of Émigré Affairs.
 Stanisław Sopicki (Labor Party), Minister of the Treasury, Industry and Trade.

Changes
 August 1954:
 Gen. Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski became Minister of National Defense.
 Antoni Pająk (ZSP) became Minister of Congressional Works.

See also
 Polish Government in Exile

Mackiewicz, Stanislaw
1954 establishments in Poland
1955 disestablishments in Poland
Cabinets established in 1954
Cabinets disestablished in 1955


Joachim Karsch (June 20, 1897 – February 11, 1945) was a German artist. He was born in Breslau and died in Groß Gandern, Sternberg. In 1932, he won a bronze medal in the art competitions at the Los Angeles Games for his Stabwechsel ("Baton passing").

He committed suicide during World War II, instead of being taken to a Russian prisoner of war camp.

References

External links

 Karsch on artnet

1897 births
1945 suicides
German artists
Olympic bronze medalists in art competitions
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Suicides in Germany
Olympic competitors in art competitions
German civilians killed in World War II
1945 deaths


Michael Tung (born 19 March 1990) is a Trinidad racing cyclist. He started swimming at the age of fifteen and made his first swimming national record a couple months after. He excelled in swimming, coming second in the 100M free at Marlins International Open and coming first overall in several High School Invitational competitions. From there he went into the sport of triathlon. Ranking first in triathlon in his country at the age of 16, Michael managed to be invited to compete in the 2006 ITU World Championships in Lausane, Switzerland.

Michael's passion for cycling made him pursue the sport on a higher level. He excelled immediately, as he was able to come second and third in the majority of races he participated in. In 2007, Michael was able to win the first Tour of Trinidad (a three-day race which covers an average 100 km per day) and was able to become the 2008 National Keirin Champion.

Career highlights

Sources
 http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road.php?id=road/2006/sep06/tobago06
 http://www.newsday.co.tt/sport/0,83216.html
 http://www.newsday.co.tt/sport/0,66537.html
 http://www.newsday.co.tt/sport/0,95041.html
 http://www.newsday.co.tt/sport/0,79597.html
 http://guardian.co.tt/sports/other-sports/2009/02/01/2009-cycling-season-opens
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090129205347/http://ttcyclingfederation.com/
 http://www.ttcyclingfederation.com/results/2007-09-15-CriteriumChamps.htm
 http://www.odesseytiming.com/RESULTS07/07-10-04-Tobago-Cycling-Classic/res-stg2-div2.htm
 http://www.triathlon.org/?call=TVRFeQ==&id=Nzc2Mg==&keep=sh
 https://www.amazon.it/Trinidad-Tobago-Cyclists-Olympic-Michael/dp/images/1158673310

Living people
1990 births
Trinidad and Tobago male cyclists


Arthur Frederick Bues was a Major League Baseball third baseman. He was born on March 3, 1888, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He batted and threw right-handed, weighed , and was . Bues was considered one of the best third basemen in the country during his career. Bues was the nephew of George Stallings. Bues originally played for Kansas City of the American Association and made his Major League debut on April 17, 1913, for the Boston Braves. He had just 1 at bat in 2 games. In 1914 he played for the Chicago Cubs in 14 games. He had 45 at-bats with 10 hits. He recorded no home runs and 4 RBIs.

Art Bues died on November 7, 1954, in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin.

References

External links

1888 births
1954 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from Milwaukee
Boston Braves players
Chicago Cubs players
Lethbridge Miners players
La Crosse Pinks players
Racine Belles (1909–1915) players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Seattle Giants players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Jersey City Skeeters players
Columbus Senators players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Mobile Bears players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players


The Arthur Kill station is a station on the Staten Island Railway (SIR). The station opened on January 21, 2017, replacing the Atlantic and Nassau stations, which were the two stations in the poorest condition along the line at the time. It is located on Arthur Kill Road near Lion Street and Barnard Avenue, in the Tottenville neighborhood of Staten Island, New York. It has two tracks and two side platforms, and is ADA-accessible via ramps.

Station layout
This station has two tracks and two side platforms, with an overpass connecting the platforms.  As opposed to the Nassau and Atlantic stations, which this station replaces, both platforms can accommodate  trains. Those stations only had single-door boarding. There are benches and surveillance cameras on both platforms and windscreens, which are covered by canopies. The total cost of the station was $27.6 million. An art instillation, titled Tottenville Sun, Tottenville Sky and created by Jenna Lucente, was installed in the windscreens as part of the station construction. Consisting of 28 laminated glass panels, it depicts the landscape and wildlife of the adjacent community.

The station is accessible-accessible via two ramps, one on each side of the overpass. It includes a 150-car parking lot, on SIR property, which can be expanded in the future.

History

The construction of an Arthur Kill station was first proposed in the 1990s to replace the Atlantic and Nassau stations, which were located directly to the north and south of the station, respectively. Commuters from these stations were only allowed access from the last cars of the trains. As a result, these two stations were not included in station modernization programs with other stations. The construction of the station had been deferred due to budget constraints, but funding for it was included in the 2010–2014 MTA Capital Program, with $16 million allocated to the project.

Despite a 2010 expected completion date, construction ended up delayed due to a lack of funding in the capital program. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 18, 2013, with a projected opening date of late 2015. In July 2015, the opening date was then pushed back to August 2016, with delays caused in part by the addition of storm resiliency measures. In June 2016, the station's opening was pushed back once again to November due to changes in the Electric Distribution Room. In October 2016, the opening date was pushed back yet again to January 2017 because of a need to redesign the electrical distribution room, the exterior wall panel, and various communications issues. The station opened on January 21, 2017, at 5:00 a.m, replacing the adjacent former stations at Nassau and Atlantic, which were permanently closed on the same day.

References

External links

 Staten Island Railway station list
 Staten Island Railway general information
Platforms from Google Maps Street View
Stairs and ramp to overpass from Google Maps Street View
Overpass from Google Maps Street View
 View from Arthur Kill Road from Google Maps Street View
 View from Ellis Street from Google Maps Street View

Staten Island Railway stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2017
2017 establishments in New York City
Transportation projects in New York City


Elkan Rex Makin, (20 August 1925 – 26 June 2017) usually known as Rex Makin, was a solicitor and philanthropist who practised in Liverpool, England, for over sixty years. He was most noted for his involvement with the Beatles' early career and subsequently high-profile cases such as the Hillsborough and Heysel Stadium disasters, the Walton sextuplets and the re-opening of the Cameo Murder case. A freeman of the City of Liverpool, he also supported the arts and held an honorary professorship at Liverpool John Moores University. He also wrote a weekly column in the Liverpool Echo.

Early life
Born in Birkenhead in 1925, Makin was the only child of Joe and May Makin. His family was Jewish and moved to Liverpool in the 1850s and his great-great grandfather set up shop as a seamens' outfitter in Old Hall Street. His father was brought up on Park Lane in the Chinatown area of Liverpool, where he made and supplied trunks to seamen.  Makin studied law at the University of Liverpool, gaining his LL.B in 1945 and LL.M in 1947.

Career
Makin was the family solicitor to Brian Epstein, who in 1963 sought his advice on setting up a perpetually binding contract between himself and the Beatles; however, Makin advised Epstein that such an agreement would be legally indefensible. He has been credited with inventing the term "Beatlemania". Following Epstein's death in 1967, Makin arranged his funeral.

Honours
In 2003 he was appointed a Freeman of the City of Liverpool, the first solicitor to receive that honour. He said at the time

References
Notes

Sources
Outrage as city conspiracy hearing slaps ban on Makin (Larry Neild, Daily Post)
Rex Makin obituary, The Guardian 11 July 2017.

External links
E Rex Makin & Co
Rex Makin Gallery
Alder Hey

1925 births
2017 deaths
English solicitors
Lawyers from Liverpool
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
People from Birkenhead
English Jews
20th-century English lawyers


Ashley Zukerman is an Australian-American actor known for playing Dr. Charlie Isaacs on WGN America's Manhattan, Senior Constable Michael Sandrelli in Australian drama series Rush, and Jesse Banks in the Australian political thriller The Code, for which he received an AACTA Award for Best Lead Actor in a Television Drama in 2014. He also played a recurring role in Succession. In 2021, he portrayed Robert Langdon in the TV series adaptation of Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol.

Early life
Zukerman was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Ingrid ( Schwarz) and Moshe Zukerman, and moved to Melbourne with his family when he was two years old. His family is Jewish; his father is from Israel, whereas his mother is from Peru. His parents also spoke Hebrew during his childhood. He is the older brother of Science Vs. podcaster Wendy Zukerman. He attended Wesley College at the Glen Waverley campus and began a degree in Science and Engineering at Monash University before being accepted into the Victorian College of the Arts.

Career
Graduating from the VCA in 2006, he began his professional career in the theatre. He had a critically acclaimed role in The History Boys, directed by Peter Evans for the Melbourne Theatre Company. He then appeared in HBO's war miniseries The Pacific, which premiered 14 March 2010 and also in Lowdown created by Adam Zwar and Amanda Brotchie. His Australian break came when he played Constable Michael Sandrelli on the series Rush for which he was nominated for a Logie award in the Most Outstanding New Talent category. In 2011, after his time on Rush, Zukerman joined the cast of the short-lived Steven Spielberg–produced sci-fi television series Terra Nova.

Zukerman then returned to the theatre working with director Eamon Flack at the Belvoir Theatre Company in As You Like It playing Orlando, and then two years later in Angels in America playing Joe Pitt. Angels in America won Best Play at the 2014 Helpmann Awards.

He played socially dysfunctional genius hacker Jesse Banks opposite Dan Spielman in the Australian political thriller The Code created by Shelley Birse. The show received huge national and international acclaim and 10 AACTA Award nominations, out of which it won six including Best Lead Actor in a Television Drama for Zukerman.

Early in 2014, Zukerman won the role of ambitious wunderkind Dr. Charlie Isaacs in the WGN America original drama Manhattan created by filmmaker Sam Shaw and directed by Thomas Schlamme. In 2016, Zukerman was cast in the recurring role of Peter MacLeish on the ABC political drama series Designated Survivor, which premiered in the autumn of the same year.

In 2018, Zukerman had a recurring role on the HBO series Succession, and in 2020, appeared as the title character's husband on the Hulu miniseries A Teacher. In 2021, he stars in the Fear Street horror trilogy that streams on Netflix, beginning with Fear Street Part One: 1994. It was announced in March 2020 that Zukerman has also been cast to portray Robert Langdon in the NBC drama pilot Langdon, which is based on Dan Brown's 2009 thriller novel The Lost Symbol.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre
As You Like It (2011) – Orlando
This Is Our Youth (2009) – Warren
B.C. (2009) – Joseph
The Hypocrite (2008) – Valére
The History Boys (2007) – Timms

Accolades

References

External links

21st-century American male actors
21st-century Australian male actors
AACTA Award winners
American emigrants to Australia
Australian male television actors
American people of Israeli descent
American people of Jewish descent
American people of Peruvian descent
Australian people of Israeli descent
Australian people of Jewish descent
Australian people of Peruvian descent
Jewish American male actors
Jewish Australian male actors
Living people
Male actors from Melbourne
Male actors from Santa Monica, California
People educated at Wesley College (Victoria)
University of Melbourne alumni
21st-century American Jews
Year of birth missing (living people)


Plaka (, former name: Μορόχοβα - Morochova) is a village in the municipal unit of Aroania, Achaea, Greece.  In 2011, it had a population of 99. It is situated in the southern foothills of Mount Erymanthos. It is 2 km southeast of Agrampela, 4 km west of Livartzi and 25 km southwest of Kalavryta.

Population

See also

List of settlements in Achaea

External links
Plaka at the GTP Travel Pages

References

Populated places in Achaea
Kalavryta
Aroania


Pourquoi viens-tu si tard? (also known as Why Do You Come So Late? or US title: Too Late to Love) is a 1959 French drama film directed by Henri Decoin and starring Michèle Morgan and Henri Vidal.

Plot
Reporter-photographer Walter Hermelin meets Catherine Ferrer, a lawyer who must plead in a libel suit against a wine company. She asks Walter to help her get exhibits incriminating the wine merchants. The reporter agrees and takes frightening photographs showing how poor people are incited to drink.

Cast
 Michèle Morgan as Maître Catherine Ferrer
 Henri Vidal as Walter Hermelin
 Francis Blanche as Camille - le patron du bistrot
 Marc Cassot as Le psychiatre de la clinique
 Pierre-Louis as Le président du tribunal (as Pierre Louis)
 Evelyne Aznavour as La secrétaire
 Albert Médina as Joseph Ackermann (as Albert Medina)
 Colette Richard as Julie - la patronne de l'hôtel de l'Espérance
 Geymond Vital as Maître Augier - l'avocat général
 Jean Claudio as Le grand-duc russe
 Robert Dalban as Le camelot en vins
 Claude Dauphin as René Dargillière

See also
 List of French films of 1959

References

External links

1959 films
French drama films
1950s French-language films
Films directed by Henri Decoin
Films with screenplays by Michel Audiard
1950s French films
1959 drama films


Janina Konarska (later Konarska-Słonimska, April 30, 1900 – June 9, 1975) was a Polish artist. She was born in Warsaw and was the wife of Antoni Słonimski.

In 1932 she won a silver medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for her woodcut "Narciarze" ("Skier").

References

1900 births
1975 deaths
Olympic silver medalists in art competitions
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Artists from Warsaw
Olympic competitors in art competitions


Hilltop Manor is an historic apartment complex located in Bladensburg, Prince George's County, Maryland. The complex consists of eight brick garden apartment buildings, each of which is divided into two to six units or sections, constructed in 1942 and 1943.

The structures exhibit characteristics of both the Colonial Revival and Moderne style, reflecting an architectural transition between the traditional elements of the Colonial Revival style and the streamlined features of the Moderne style.

The complex consists of 150 apartments interspersed among eight buildings with 32 units. Each unit contains between four and eight apartments, with the exception of one unit, 5210 53rd Place, which consists of only three apartments. In all, there are five apartment layouts with varying numbers of bedrooms. The majority of the apartments (122) have one bedroom. The remaining apartments consist of two-bedroom apartments; there is one three-bedroom basement apartment. The five basic apartment types, excluding the one three-bedroom apartment, consist of one-bedroom apartments with eat-in kitchens; one-bedroom apartments with separate dining rooms; L-shaped one-bedroom apartments; two-bedroom apartments; and duplex apartments. Despite minor renovations, the interior configurations of the apartments have remained intact.

It was one of the first garden-apartment complexes constructed in the county as a result of the population increase of the Washington metropolitan area during World War II. Hilltop Manor was financed under Section 608 Title VI of the National Housing Act, the primary vehicle for World War II Defense Housing and Federal Housing Administration (FHA) financing. Thus, Hilltop Manor, intended as permanent housing, illustrates the size, scale, and design of garden-apartment complexes constructed during World War II, which was often characterized by temporary housing developments. Hilltop Manor, surrounded by the established streetcar suburb of Defense Heights and adjacent to the new Bladensburg Elementary School, was an alternative to the single-family dwellings in the area and was ideal for young middle-class families. Its location along Defense Highway, which opened in 1927, heightened convenience to Washington, D.C. It is one of the first garden-apartment complexes designed by accomplished local architects Ross & Walton.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

References

External links
, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Apartment buildings in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Prince George's County, Maryland
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Colonial Revival architecture in Maryland
Moderne architecture in Maryland
Residential buildings completed in 1943
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
Bladensburg, Maryland


KMST may refer to:

 KMST (FM), a radio station (88.5 FM) licensed to Rolla, Missouri, United States
 KMST (Monterey), a local educational cable channel in Monterey, California, United States
 KION-TV, a television station (channel 46 analog/32 digital) licensed to Monterey, California, United States, which held the call sign KMST until October 1993
 Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal


The Mirror Foundation, formerly known as Mirror Art Group, is a non-governmental organization (NGO) based in northern Thailand in the Chiang Rai Province's sub-district of Mae Yao, Mueang Chiang Rai District. The organization's aim is to help hill tribe people in the area with issues such as citizenship, drug abuse, erosion of culture, and the trafficking of women and children. Founded in 1991 by Mr Sombat Boonngamanong, the foundation has for over 15 years worked to promote the rights of the hill tribes. With its bannok.com website, it has recruited local volunteers and donations to help hill tribe villages.

The organization and its website, which is among "the most popular" in Thailand according to the 2006 book Empowering Marginal Communities with Information Networking, are cited as examples of the effective use of the Internet to "facilitate indigenous peoples' access to the political arena and...raise awareness about indigenous peoples' issues at the national level." The 2001 book Towards Financial Self-reliance: A Handbook on Resource Mobilization for Civil Society Organizations in the South featured Mirror Group as a case study in mobilizing resources for community development through the internet.

Projects
Ongoing projects of the foundation include helping to mediate the process of applying for Thai citizenship between the hill tribe people and the government. attempting to locate and re-unite missing persons—many of whom are victims of human trafficking—with their loved ones, and raising awareness of such trafficking. The Project to Combat Trafficking in Women and Children helps educate the public about issues related to trafficking, including raising public awareness that giving money to child beggars may fuel crime, as many of the child beggar operations are conducted by people who exploit children for personal gain. The foundation also runs an ICT Project, which teaches computing skills to local hill tribes in the Chiang Rai region and also to the people affected by the tsunami in December 2004. The foundation also runs The Hilltribe Life and Cultural Centre at Ban Jalae and the Virtual Hilltribe Museum at www.hilltribe.org, which combined, serve as vessels to preserve the culture of the hill tribes for future generations.

The foundations website, in addition to providing information about the foundation and the issues it seeks to address, also serves as an outlet for hill tribespeople to sell their art and crafts online.

Past projects have included the Tsunami Volunteer Centre (TVC), which was set up in 2005 in collaboration with the Thai Health Promotion Foundation in Phang Nga Province to help with the relief and rebuilding efforts in support of the people and area affected by the tsunami.

References

External links
 The Mirror Foundation official website
 The Mirror Foundation's Guesthouse in Chiang Rai city official site
  Bannok.com

Charities based in Thailand
Chiang Rai province
Organizations established in 1991
1991 establishments in Thailand


Eloá Pimentel hostage crisis refers to the kidnapping, holding hostage and murder of Brazilian 15-year-old girl Eloá Cristina Pimentel in October 2008; this crime, and the shooting of Pimentel's friend Nayara Silva were both committed by Eloá's ex-boyfriend Lindemberg Alves. The tragedy received major media exposure not only because of the shootings, but also because of the mistakes made by the police of São Paulo. Eloá Pimentel was held as a hostage for 100 hours – the longest kidnapping ever registered in the state of São Paulo. The trial of Alves started on February 13, 2012, exactly three years and four months after the crime.

The kidnapping
On October 13, 2008, Eloá Pimentel, Nayara da Silva and two friends were working on a school project, when Eloá's 22-year-old ex-boyfriend, Lindemberg Fernandes Alves, broke into her apartment in Santo André, holding a pistol. He soon released the two boys, but held Eloá and Nayara. The GATE (Grupo de Ações Táticas Especiais, or Special Tactical Actions Group) closely followed the situation. On October 16, da Silva was eventually released by Alves, but she offered to return to the apartment, to try to negotiate with the kidnapper. After she entered the apartment, she was held hostage again. Hours later, shots were heard coming from the apartment, and the GATE decided to storm the apartment. They eventually stopped and immobilized him, but not before he could shoot Eloá twice (once in the head and other in the groin), and shoot once in Nayara's face.
Eloá, severely wounded, was taken to the hospital, but was brain dead due to brain damage and died on October 18, at 23:30, 30 minutes before the beginning of BRST.

Aftermath
The body of Eloá Pimentel was buried in the Jardim Santo André cemetery, in Santo André, and the ceremony was attended by ten thousand people. Her heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, kidneys and cornea were donated, to the benefit of seven people. It was later discovered that Eloá's father, Everaldo Pereira dos Santos, was a suspect in the murder of two people in the state of Alagoas. Everaldo Pereira dos Santos ran away during the incident but was captured on December 28, 2009, in Maceió.

The trial of Lindemberg Alves Fernandes lasted 4 days, from February 13 to February 16, 2012. He was found guilty of all 12 crimes he committed, and condemned to 98 years and 10 months of imprisonment. Brazilian law, however, limits the penalty time to 30 years.

Controversy
The tragic event was widely discussed because of the mistakes committed by the police, especially the fact that they allowed Nayara to return to the apartment. Marcos do Val, a Brazilian SWAT instructor, pointed out other mistakes, such as allowing the kidnapping to last for so many days, not shooting Lindemberg with a sniper, taking too long to storm the apartment after breaching the door, and not using the back door or the windows.

Media coverage
In 2016, an episode of the true crime documentary television series Investigação Criminal was released about the case.

References

External links
 Eloá Pimentel hostage crisis at Google News

1993 births
2008 deaths
Child murder in Brazil
People murdered in Brazil
Kidnapped Brazilian people
Hostage taking in Brazil
Kidnappings in Brazil
2008 murders in Brazil
Incidents of violence against girls


Sejad Halilović (born 16 March 1969) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played for several clubs throughout Europe, including Dinamo Zagreb, Real Valladolid and Hapoel Be'er Sheva.

In addition, he played one game for the Croatia national team before Bosnia and Herzegovina gained independence and represented Bosnia and Herzegovina after they gained independence.

Playing career

Club
Halilović began his professional career in the Croatian team Cibalia. During the two years played Halilović 46 games and scored 4 goals.

In 1992, Halilović signed for Croatia Zagreb (now Dinamo Zagreb) for three seasons, during which he won the Croatian First Football League and Croatian Football Cup. During those three seasons, Halilović played 59 games and scored 9 goals.

During the summer of 1995, Halilović joined Real Valladolid, but after a season where he played 17 times and did not find the net, Halilović moved on to Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Halilović played a significant part in the team that won the Israel State Cup final after defeating Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. 1–0. During the summer of 1997, Halilović moved to the Turkish Süper Lig and played for three years for two different teams.

In 2000, Halilović returned to the Croatian First Football League for one season and signed for NK Osijek, but played only 8 games.

In season 2001/2002 Halilović returned once again to Israel and played for Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C., where he helped the team stay in the Premier League.

After playing for other teams in Croatia, Halilović retired from professional football in 2004 while at NK Ljubljana.

International
On 17 August 1994, Halilović played for Croatia against Israel at the Ramat Gan Stadium. The game ended in victory for Croatia.

He then switched allegiance and made his debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in an October 1996 FIFA World Cup qualification match in Bologna, ironically against his former representative team Croatia, and has earned a total of 15 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was a January 2000 friendly match against Qatar.

Managerial career
Halilović, started in 2008 to train the youth department of Dinamo Zagreb but left in 2014 because of his son Alen Halilović signed for FC Barcelona.

Personal life
Halilović is an ethnic Bosniak. During the Bosnian War in 1992 as a professional player, he moved to Vinkovci, then to Zagreb where he met his Croatian wife Vanessa. His son Alen is a professional footballer who has represented the Croatia national football team. His other two sons, Dino Halilović and Damir Halilović, are also professional players.

Honours

Club

Croatia Zagreb
Croatian League: 1992–93
Croatian Cup: 1993–94

Hapoel Be'er Sheva
Israel State Cup: 1996–97

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Doboj
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosniaks of Croatia
Croatian Muslims
Men's association football midfielders
Yugoslav men's footballers
Croatian men's footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers
Croatia men's international footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's international footballers
Dual men's international footballers
HNK Cibalia players
GNK Dinamo Zagreb players
Real Valladolid players
Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. players
Kardemir Karabükspor footballers
Altay S.K. footballers
NK Osijek players
Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C. players
HNK Rijeka players
NK Ljubljana players
ND Mura 05 players
Yugoslav Second League players
Croatian Football League players
La Liga players
Israeli Premier League players
Süper Lig players
Liga Leumit players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Croatian expatriate men's footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia


Jorge Osvaldo Bartero (born 28 December 1957 in Buenos Aires) is a retired Argentine football goalkeeper. He played for a number of clubs in Argentina.

In 1987, he was a reserve goalkeeper in the Argentina that participated in the Copa América.

Bartero spent the majority of his career with Vélez Sársfield, he also played in the Argentine Primera with Unión de Santa Fe and Racing Club de Avellaneda. Towards the end of his career he played in the Argentine 2nd division with Deportivo Italiano and Chacarita Juniors.

He currently works as a goalkeeping coach in Vélez Sársfield.

References

External links
 Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI (post 1989)

1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
1987 Copa América players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield footballers
Unión de Santa Fe footballers
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Chacarita Juniors footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
Footballers at the 1987 Pan American Games
Pan American Games medalists in football


Joseph Webster Golinkin (September 10, 1896 – September 8, 1977) was an American artist as well as a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.

Biography
Joseph Webster Golinkin was in the Navy until the year of 1922. He then resigned in order to follow his dream of becoming an artist. Although he resigned from the Navy, he was still considered to be in the active reserve as a Lieutenant Commander. He also lived in New York City, New York. Joseph Golinkin was reactivated into the Navy in the year of 1938. He eventually retired from the Navy in the year of 1958. He got to the ranking of Rear Admiral.

Education
Joseph Webster Golinkin received his education at the Art Institute of Chicago. He then entered the United States Naval Academy. After his graduation, he was commissioned as an Ensign and was deployed to serve in World War I. Golinkin studied under Ash Can school artist, George Luks.

Career
Joseph Webster Golinkin was successful in pursuing the occupations of being a painter, printmaker, naval officer, politician, environmentalist, and philanthropist. As an artist, Golinkin worked with various medias that included painting, watercolor, and lithography. His work typically revolves around New York scenes, sporting events, and depictions of American life in the 1920s and 1930s.  There were a few published books that featured his art as well. Golinkin had begun his career during the time when newspapers were still using artists as illustrators. The newspapers that featured his illustrations include New York Times, Vanity Fair, Fortune, Country Life, and other publications as well.

Success
He won a gold medal in the prints category at the art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics for his Leg Scissors. He was awarded a Bronze Star while he served in World War II.

References

External links

1896 births
1977 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Olympic gold medalists in art competitions
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic competitors in art competitions
United States Navy personnel of World War I
United States Navy rear admirals
United States Navy World War II admirals
20th-century American male artists


David McCord Wright (1909–1968) was an American economist and educator at the University of Georgia. He was a graduate of Harvard University.

Personal
Wright was born in Savannah, Georgia. He married Caroline Noble Jones and had three children: Anna, Antony and Peter.

Professional

Teaching

Wright was an economics professor at the University of Virginia; he also served as an advisor to the U.S. Federal government. Wright took a professorship at the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business from 1962 until his death in 1968. The Economics Department sponsors the annual David McCord Wright Lecture.

Some of Wright's students are former U.S. Senator Phil Gramm, Ronald Reagan's Budget Director Jim Miller and the former Dallas Federal Reserve chief Bob McTeer. McTeer recalls his teacher repeating the lesson, "Growth comes through change and causes change." McTeer's 2000 Wright Lecture memorialized both Wright's teachings and life.

Books

Wright published many articles and books during his life. Some of them are The Keynesian System, (), which was part four of The Miller Lectures, The Trouble with Marx in 1967 and Democracy and Progress in 1948. In The Trouble With Marx, Dr. Wright  foretold the decline and fall of the Soviet system. His critical analysis explained  how the inherent rigidity of central planning and command economies of Marxist–Leninist regimes  inhibit economic growth by suppressing the essential quality needed for growth: change  which fosters further growth. The Trouble with Marx was also used  his Comparative Economic Systems course which he taught in summer sessions  at the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island.

References

1909 births
1968 deaths
Harvard University alumni
University of Georgia faculty
American economics writers
People from Savannah, Georgia
20th-century American economists
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers


Big Sonic Heaven is a 24/7 Internet radio station and blog created, hosted and produced by Darren Revell.

The first chapter of Big Sonic Heaven had an eight-year run from 1995-2003 on Detroit, Michigan, radio station WPLT (now WDVD). Big Sonic Heaven aired every Sunday evening for four hours and featured shoegaze, dream pop, trip hop, Britpop, and electronic by bands such as Cocteau Twins, My Bloody Valentine, Dead Can Dance, Portishead (band), Depeche Mode, Ride, Slowdive, The Cure, Hooverphonic, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and The Smiths to name a few. Additionally, Revell was instrumental in providing local talent with a radio presence. Revell made a significant impact in Detroit with the program, as there were very few radio shows that catered to this genre and its fans.

Revell revived Big Sonic Heaven on Los Angeles, California, radio station Indie 103.1 in January 2007. The two-hour program aired Mondays through Thursdays at 10 p.m. On January 15, 2009, Indie 103.1 went off the air.

On September 12, 2010, Big Sonic Heaven returned to the airwaves via the Internet on Strangeways Radio. The show briefly aired from 9-11 p.m. Eastern Time on Sunday nights.

In May 2013, Revell launched bigsonicheaven.com, where Big Sonic Heaven podcasts could be streamed.

On March 10, 2020, Revell launched the Big Sonic Heaven 24/7 Internet radio station via bigsonicheaven.com with free iPhone & Android mobile apps. Big Sonic Heaven is now heard worldwide 24 hours-a-day with Revell hosting new & classic Big Sonic Heaven music, commercial-free.

External links
bigsonicheaven.com
 facebook.com/bigsonicheaven
 twitter.com/bigsonicheaven
 soundcloud.com/bigsonicheaven

Notes

American music radio programs


is a private women's junior college in Settsu, Osaka, Japan, established in 1966.

External links
 Official website

Educational institutions established in 1966
Educational institutions disestablished in 2013
Defunct private universities and colleges in Japan
Settsu, Osaka
Universities and colleges in Osaka Prefecture
Women's universities and colleges in Japan
1966 establishments in Japan
2013 disestablishments in Japan
Japanese junior colleges


S-40503 is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by the Japanese company Kaken Pharmaceuticals, which was developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. SARMs are a new class of drugs which produce tissue-specific anabolic effects in some tissues such as muscle and bone, but without stimulating androgen receptors in other tissues such as in the prostate gland, thus avoiding side effects such as benign prostatic hypertrophy which can occur following treatment with unselective androgens like testosterone or anabolic steroids.

S-40503 is a SARM that shows good functional selectivity for bone tissue, and has relatively little effect on muscle mass and no observable effect on the prostate gland. In animal studies it was shown to increase both bone mineral density and biomechanical strength of femoral cortical bone, and at low doses showed anabolic effects only on bone tissue, while at higher doses both bone and muscle growth were affected, yet prostate gland enlargement was not seen at any dose tested. The lack of virilizing effects means that S-40503 may even be suitable for use in women, which would be a substantial advantage over existing drugs as women tend to be more likely to suffer from osteoporosis, and are generally contraindicated from taking anabolic steroids due to the risk of side effects such as masculinisation and hirsutism. Since these promising initial studies, no further data about S-40503 has been published by Kaken, and it is thought that rather than being developed for human use itself, S-40503 may be more likely to be used as a lead compound for the development of novel derivatives with similar bone anabolic effects, but longer in vivo half-life and better bioavailability.

Selective androgen receptor modulators may also be used by athletes to assist in training and increase physical stamina and fitness, potentially producing effects similar to anabolic steroids but with significantly less side effects. For this reason, SARMs have already been banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency since January 2008 despite no drugs from this class yet being in clinical use, and blood tests for all known SARMs are currently being developed.

References

Primary alcohols
Nitro compounds
Quinolines
Selective androgen receptor modulators


"Why Tell Me, Why" is a 1981 song performed by Dutch singer Anita Meyer and it is one of her most notable songs. The song was composed by Piet Souer, Gregory Elias and Martin Duiser, and produced by Martin Duiser. It charted for 14 weeks.

Cover versions
 The song was covered in 1982 by French singer Julie Pietri as Je veux croire and became a hit in France.
The song was also covered by Swedish singer Carola as Säg mig var du står for her debut album Främling (1983). This version has become a popular party song among millennials in Sweden in the early 2020s, and charted at number three on Sweden's Heatseeker chart.
 In 2019, Little Jinder covered the song on the Swedish reality TV series Så mycket bättre. It peaked at number 61 in Sweden.
In 2020, Carola released a new version of Säg mig var du står as a duet with Swedish singer Zara Larsson. While the original version never charted, the duet reached number 1 on the Svensktoppen. It also peaked at number two on the Sverigetopplistan and has been certified double platinum in Sweden. It was first performed live at Gröna Lund in Stockholm during the summer of 2020.

Further versions can be found at Hitparade.ch.

Other versions and remixes
The single has been remixed twice, first in 2009 by Offer Nissim and in 2011 by Dutch DJ Gailliano (with Meyer getting credit in the latter). The song is also sampled heavily in F.R.A.N.K.'s single "Discotex (Yah!)", which reached number one on Belgium's Ultratop 50 chart in January 2011.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

See also
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 1981
List of number-one hits of 1981 (Flanders)

References

Anita Meyer songs
1981 singles
Songs written by Piet Souer
1981 songs
Ariola Records singles
Carola Häggkvist songs
Zara Larsson songs


Ken Koblun is a Canadian musician who played alongside Neil Young in The Jades, the Squires, the Stardusters, and briefly Buffalo Springfield. He replaced Comrie Smith in 3's a Crowd, playing with the band from 1966 to 1967.

Early years
Koblun began his music career as the bassist for the Squires, a teen band formed by Young in the early 60's at Earl Grey Junior High School. After the band broke up, Koblun found work playing bass for various folk musicians. When Stephen Stills and Richie Furay were seeking to start a rock band in Los Angeles, a few months after Koblun had taken a trip to New York City in 1965, they could not find Young, but did succeed in locating Koblun, whom they convinced to come to California to join the group. However, he stayed for only a few days before deciding to return to Canada where he joined up with 3's a Crowd. In January 1967, a replacement was needed for Bruce Palmer, who was fighting possible deportation. Koblun only played with them for about a month before the band decided his personality was undesirable and his bass playing not as good as they anticipated. During that time he appeared in one of the few film clips of the band, doing lip synchronization to "Sit Down, I Think I Love You" on the television show Where The Action Is. Koblun did not record with the band, but Young's epic "Broken Arrow" is dedicated to Koblun in the sleeve notes of Buffalo Springfield Again.

Koblun appeared on the 3's a Crowd album Christopher's Movie Matinée.

He has worked with various musicians such as, Richie Furay, Stephen Stills, Dewey Martin, Donna Warner, David Wiffen, Trevor Veitch, Brent Titcomb, and Richard Patterson.

References

External Links

Living people
Canadian bass guitarists
Year of birth missing (living people)


San Nicolás is a Chilean town and commune in Punilla Province, Ñuble Region.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, San Nicolás spans an area of  and has 9,741 inhabitants (5,032 men and 4,709 women). Of these, 3,428 (35.2%) lived in urban areas and 6,313 (64.8%) in rural areas. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 2.6% (246 persons).

Administration
As a commune, San Nicolás is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Víctor Ramón Toro Leiva (PDC).The municipal council has the following members:
 Feliciano Arnoldo Parra Pérez (PDC)
 Elena Rivas Toro (PRI)
 Rogelio Hernandez Gonzalez (PS)
 Luis Antonio Guzmán Álvarez (RN)
 Ramón Toro Leiva (PDC)
 Manuel Bello Núñez (PPD)

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, San Nicolás is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Jorge Sabag (PDC) and Frank Sauerbaum (RN) as part of the 42nd electoral district, together with San Fabián, Ñiquén, San Carlos, Ninhue, Quirihue, Cobquecura, Treguaco, Portezuelo, Coelemu, Ránquil, Quillón, Bulnes, Cabrero and Yumbel. The commune is represented in the Senate by Alejandro Navarro Brain (MAS) and Hosain Sabag Castillo (PDC) as part of the 12th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Cordillera).

External links
  Municipality of San Nicolás

References

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Punilla Province


The duskyshoulder trevally (Carangoides humerosus) or epaulet trevally, is a species of small inshore marine fish in the jack family, Carangidae. It is distributed through the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans, ranging from eastern India to northern Australia and Taiwan. It is relatively small by carangid standards, reaching only 27 cm maximum length, and can be distinguished by the large, black blotches on its shoulders. The duskyshoulder trevally is an inshore fish living in waters less than 50 m deep, over sandy substrates in bays and on the continental shelf. It is a predatory fish, taking demersal fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods, with nothing known of its reproductive habits. It is of little value to fisheries, often taken as bycatch in prawn trawling operations.

Taxonomy and naming
The duskyshoulder trevally is classified within the genus Carangoides, a group of fish commonly called jacks and trevallies. Carangoides falls into the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, the Carangidae are part of the order Carangiformes.

The species was first scientifically described by the Australian ichthyologist Allan Riverstone McCulloch in 1915 based on the holotype specimen taken from Bustard Head in Queensland, Australia. He named the species Caranx humerosus, with the specific epithet literally meaning "having shoulders" in reference to the species prominent dark shoulder colouring. The species was later transferred to the genus Carangoides, where it remains. The species has not been redescribed under another name, which is rare amongst the Carangidae. The common name 'duskyshoulder trevally' refers to the prominent shoulder markers, as does the name 'epaulet trevally'.

Description

The duskyshoulder trevally is one of the smallest fish in the genus Carangoides, reaching only 27 cm in length. The species is similar to other jacks in its overall body profile, having a compressed ovate to oblong shape, with the dorsal profile more convex than the ventral profile. The head profile is gently sloping and slightly convex, with large males having a distinct bulge that is absent in females and juveniles of both sexes. Both of the jaws contain anteriorly widening bands of small villiform teeth, with older individuals also having a number of larger outer teeth. Two separate dorsal fins occur, the first consisting of eight spines and the second of one spine and 20 to 22 soft rays. The anal fin has two detached anterior spines, followed by one spine and 17 to 19 soft rays. The lobe of the soft dorsal fin is falcate, being about the same length as the head. The pelvic fin consists of one spine and 18 or 19 soft rays. The lateral line is moderately curved anteriorly, with the curve having 62 to 72 scales present on it, while the straight section contains three to eight scales and 24 to 32 scutes. The breast of the duskyshoulder trevally is scaleless, extending up to behind the pelvic fin origin and laterally to the pectoral fin base. It has six  to 10 gill rakers on the first arch and 16 to 20 on the second arch, and the species has 24 vertebrae.

The duskyshoulder trevally is a dusky green colour above, fading to silver below, with adults and juveniles often having five or six dark broad crossbars running vertically down their bodies. A large black spot is usually present on the shoulder, with smaller dark spots on the operculum and pectoral fin axil. The soft dorsal, anal, and caudal fins are dusky, with the spinous dorsal fin black. The pectoral and pelvic fins are hyaline to white in colour.

Distribution and habitat
The duskyshoulder trevally inhabits the tropical and subtropical regions of the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean, recorded only from the coastlines of India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, northern Australia, and possibly Taiwan. The species probably inhabits offshore areas of more islands in the region, but due to inadequate sampling, has not been recorded.

The species lives in waters shallower than 50 m, generally inhabiting the sandy substrates and reefs of the continental shelf, also venturing into bays and inhabiting beaches and mangrove-lined creeks.

Biology and fishery
The duskyshoulder trevally is poorly studied in most aspects of its biology with the exception of its diet. It is a benthic predator, with studies in the Gulf of Carpentaria indicating it preys mostly on various species of small teleost fishes and crustaceans, with particular preference for brachyurans. Other less commonly taken prey include penaeid prawns, other crustaceans, molluscs, and cephalopods. Nothing is known of the movements or reproduction in the species.

The duskyshoulder trevally is of little importance to either commercial fisheries or anglers, but is commonly taken as bycatch in other trawl fisheries, especially the northern Australian prawn fishery. It is mostly discarded when taken, rarely sold at market.

References

External links
Duskyshoulder trevally at Fishbase
Encyclopedia of Life page

duskyshoulder trevally
Marine fish of Northern Australia
duskyshoulder trevally


Nifiloli is an island in the Reef Islands (Latitude: 10° 10' 60 S, Longitude: 166° 13' 60 E), in the Solomon Islands province of Temotu. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 19 metres.  Despite its location in Melanesia, the population of the islands is Polynesian.

The language spoken on Nifiloli is Pileni language.

References

External links
 Nifiloli on Solomonislands.com.sb
 Geonames page with satellite map

Islands of the Solomon Islands
Polynesian outliers


Reactive flash volatilization (RFV) is a chemical process that rapidly converts nonvolatile solids and liquids to volatile compounds by thermal decomposition for integration with catalytic chemistries.

Chemistry

The utilization of heavy fossil fuels or biomass rich in carbohydrates, (C6H10O5)n, for fuels or chemicals requires an initial thermochemical process called pyrolysis which fractures large polymers to mixtures of small volatile organic compounds (VOCs).  A specific method of pyrolysis of biomass, termed "fast pyrolysis," converts particles of biomass to about 10% carbon-rich solid called char, about 15% gases such as carbon dioxide, and about 70% a mixture of organic compounds commonly referred to as "bio-oil" at 500 °C in 1–2 seconds.

Pyrolysis: Biomass + Heat → 0.70VOCs + 0.10Char + 0.15Gases

The volatile organics can be collected as a brown, highly acidic liquid for further thermochemical conversion by traditional processes such as steam reforming, gasification, catalytic partial oxidation, catalytic cracking, combustion, or hydrotreating.

Catalytic steam reforming:  VOCs + H2O + Heat + Catalyst → H2 + CO + Catalyst
Catalytic partial oxidation:  VOCs + O2 + Catalyst → H2 + CO + Heat + Catalyst
Catalytic combustion: VOCs + O2 + Catalyst → CO2 + H2O + Heat + Catalyst

These two sets of chemistries, pyrolysis and catalytic processing, are combined to form the reactive flash volatilization process.  Solid hydrocarbons or biomass are contacted with high temperature (500–900 °C) catalysts to generate gases and volatile organic compounds. The volatile species flow into the catalyst with a reactant (H2, O2, or H2O) to convert to desirable products (H2, CO, H2O, CO2, or VOCs).

RFV:  Biomass + heat + Reactant + Catalyst → Gases + VOCs + Reactant + Catalyst → Products + Catalyst

Discovery

Reactive flash volatilization was demonstrated in 2006 in the journal Science by the high temperature (700–800 °C) conversion of soybean oil (triglycerides) and sugar (D-(+)-glucose) to synthesis gas (H2 + CO) and olefins (ethylene and propylene). Complete, continuous catalytic conversion of heavy fuels was surprising, because the initial pyrolytic chemistry has been shown to generate significant amounts of solid residue called "char" which was expected to block the necessary interaction between the reactant compounds and the solid metal catalyst.

The process has been described, "The low volatility of these biofuel feedstocks not only leads to soot production when they are used directly in internal combustion engines but also causes them to coat industrial catalysts with a deactivating layer of carbon, thus hindering their conversion to lighter products. James Richard Salge and colleagues show that if heavy fuels such as soybean oil or biodiesel are sprayed onto hot rhodium-cerium catalysts as fine droplets in the presence of oxygen, the fuels can self-heat and fully react to form hydrogen without carbon formation and catalyst deactivation."
RFV:  Triglyceride + O2 + Catalyst → Ethylene + Propylene + CO2 + H2O + Catalyst

The process converted 70% of the atomic hydrogen in soy-oil triglycerides to molecular H2, and 60% of atomic carbon to carbon monoxide on a Rh-based catalyst with Cerium supported on alpha-alumina. Under different operating conditions, the process can produce a significant amount of ethylene and propylene.

The first demonstration of reactive flash volatilization occurred by a series of experimental steps:
The researchers start with either pure soybean oil or a thick sugar syrup.
 The reactor consists of an automotive fuel injector, used to spray the oil or syrup as fine droplets through a tube.  Sitting like a plug in the tube is a porous ceramic disk made of a rhodium-cerium catalyst material.
 As the droplets hit the disk-whose surface temperature is 1,000 °C-the heat and oxygen break apart the molecules of oil or sugar.
 The catalyst guides the breakdown toward the production of syngas rather than toward water vapor and carbon.
 The syngas passes through the porous disk and is collected downstream in the tube.
 No external heating is needed because the chemical reactions release enough heat to break up molecules of oil or sugar following in their wake.

An initial supply of heat is necessary to achieve temperatures of 300 °C, after which the reaction initiates, or "lights off," and quickly rises to temperatures of 700–800 °C.  Under steady conditions, the reaction generates sufficient heat to maintain the high temperature, extremely fast chemistry. The total time for conversion of heavy, nonvolatile compounds to volatile or gaseous species occurs in milliseconds (or thousandths of a second).

Application to Solid Biomass

Reactive flash volatilization of solid particles composed of cellulose, starch, lignin, Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) wood chips, and polyethylene was demonstrated in 2007 in the scientific journal Angewandte Chemie.  Particles of cellulose were completely converted to syngas (H2 and CO) and combustion products (H2O and CO2) in as little as 30 milliseconds.  Catalytic reforming of all materials occurred without the requirement of an external heat source while operating at 500–900 °C.  Under optimal conditions, 50% of all atomic hydrogen and 50% of all atomic carbon can be converted to molecular H2 and carbon monoxide in as little time as 30 milliseconds.  Reaction chemistry was demonstrated on both a Rh-Ce/alumina catalyst and a Ni-Ce/alumina catalyst.

A publication in the scientific journal Green Chemistry demonstrated that the process of reactive flash volatilization can be considered a combination of  several other global chemistries occurring through thermal and chemical integration. As shown in the diagram at the right, the initial pyrolysis chemistry occurs when the biomass particle (green) physically contacts the hot catalyst (orange).  Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) flow into the catalyst with oxygen, adsorb on Rh atoms, and react to form combustion products (H2O and CO2) and syngas (H2 and CO). After this initial chemistry, three main global reactions occur.  Combustion products react catalytically with syngas by the water-gas shift reaction.  Also, volatile organics react catalytically with steam (H2O) to form new combustion products and syngas.  Finally, the volatile organics can crack homogeneously in the gas phase to form smaller volatile organics.

The operating temperature has been shown to vary within the catalyst length while also being a strong function of the biomass-to-oxygen ratio. An experimental examination has shown that the heat required to thermally fracture biomass was generated within the catalyst bed by surface oxidation reactions.  The temperature profile (and reaction temperature) was shown to be extremely important to prevent the formation of carbon at equilibrium. Very fast conversion has been attributed to high operating temperatures, but the maximum cellulose processing rate has not been determined.  However, catalytic partial oxidation of volatile organic compounds has shown that complete conversion can occur in less than 10 milliseconds.

References

External links
Research group of Lanny D. Schmidt at the University of Minnesota
Basic Research Needs:  Catalysis for Energy
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota
Research group of Paul J. Dauenhauer at the University of Minnesota

Chemical processes


Les Scélérats (English title: The Wretches) is a 1960 French drama film directed by Robert Hossein who co-stars with Michèle Morgan, Olivier Hussenot and Jacqueline Morane. It is also known as "The Blackguards".

Plot
The film tells the story of an American couple (coming to in Paris after having lost their only child) and their maid.

Principal cast
Michèle Morgan as  Thelma Rooland
Robert Hossein as  Jess Rooland
Olivier Hussenot as  Arthur Martin
Jacqueline Morane as  Adeline Martin

References

External links

Les Scélérats at the British Film Institute

1960 films
French drama films
1960s French films


Tom James Brocker (August 25, 1942 – May 25, 2002), known as Tom Brock, was an American soul singer, born in Austin, Texas. Brock worked with Barry White on the 20th Century Records label in the 1970s. He wrote songs for Gloria Scott's 1974 album What Am I Gonna Do?, including "A Case of Too Much Love Makin". That same year he also released his one and only album, I Love You More And More, which included a highly popular title track. The album was produced by White and Gene Page. The song "There's Nothing in This World That Can Stop Me From Loving You" was later sampled by producer Just Blaze for the single "Girls, Girls, Girls" on Jay-Z's album The Blueprint in 2001. This led to renewed interest in Brock, and in 2003 (a year after Brock died), the album was re-released on CD. The song "I Love You More and More" was later sampled by producer Minnesota for the single "The Panties" on Mos Def/Yasiin Bey's album The New Danger in 2004.

He died of natural causes on May 25, 2002, in his home in Richmond, California.

References

1942 births
2002 deaths
Singers from Austin, Texas
African-American male singer-songwriters
American soul singers
20th-century African-American male singers
Singer-songwriters from Texas


Fenualoa is the second largest island in the Reef Islands, administratively located in the Solomon Islands province of Temotu.

Geography
The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 17 metres. At low tide, Fenualoa is connected to the neighboring island of Nifiloli to the north. The west side of the island is mainly sandy beaches facing the huge lagoon and the Great Reef. The east side is steep rocky cliffs with the deep Forest Passage separating Fenualoa from the largest island of the group Lomlom.

Population
The island is very densely populated with four main villages, each made up of sub-villages and total approximately 1500 inhabitants (2008), all on the west side of the 8 km by 600m long and thin island.  The largest villages are Tuo (Tuwo), Maluba, Tanga and Malapu (running south to north).  There are three schools on the island and the people are Melanesian. A few yachts (1 or 2 per year) visit the island by entering the huge lagoon through the Great Reef (the lagoon is approximately 25 km east west by 8 km north south). There is no scheduled transport to the island.

Gallery

References

External links
 Fenualoa on Solomonislands.com.sb
 Fenualoa Island Bird Checklist

Islands of the Solomon Islands


Frühroter Veltliner is a variety of early-ripening, red-skinned white wine grape grown primarily in the Weinviertel district of Lower Austria.  It accounts for 0.9% of total Austrian vineyards and is diminishing.

Frühroter Veltliner is not at all related to Grüner Veltliner, but is a spontaneous cross between Roter Veltliner and Silvaner. It is not particularly demanding of its location and is resistant to both winter and late frosts.  However, it ripens very early producing wines of neutral bouquet, high alcohol and somewhat low acidity.

It is rarely encountered in the Rheinhessen of Germany, in some older vineyards of Alto Adige in Italy, and in the Savoie of France.

Synonyms
Austria: Früher Roter Veltliner, MalvasierFrance: Malvoisie Rouge d'Italie, Rose d'ItalieGermany: Frühroter Malvasier, Roter MalvasierItaly: VeltlinerCzech: Veltlínské Červené RanéSlovak: Veltlínske Červené Skoré

See also
 Austrian wine

References

External links
 Grape varieties in Austria: Frühroter Veltliner  Wines from Austria
   Weinviertel DAC
   Vitis International Variety Catalogue

Red wine grape varieties


Roger Lance Mobley (born January 16, 1949) is  a former child actor in the 1950s and 1960s who made more than 118 television appearances and co-starred in nine feature films in a nine-year career. He served in the Green Berets (46th Special Forces Company) during the Vietnam War, and was subsequently a police officer in Beaumont, Texas.

Background
Mobley is one of eight children of Arthur Lance Mobley and Charlene V. Mobley. Lance Mobley, as the father was known, was born in Centralia in southern Illinois, and a retired pipefitter at the time of his death in a hospital in Beaumont, Texas.  Charlene and he married in 1939, when he was 17, and she was 15. The couple moved from Indiana in the early 1950s to Pecos in Reeves County in West Texas before they headed in 1957 to Whittier, near Los Angeles.

Acting

Mobley (pronounced "Mahbley") sang with his older brother and sister in The Little Mobley Trio in Texas where the family then lived.  After moving to California when Mobley was six or seven, the trio appeared on the Ted Mack's Original Amateur Hour with disappointing results.

They were spotted, though, by Lola Moore, then the pre-eminent agent for child actors, who expressed an interest in Roger and arranged his audition for the part of eight-year-old  Homer "Packy" Lambert in the NBC Saturday-morning Western television series, Fury, starring Peter Graves, Bobby Diamond, and William Fawcett. He appeared in 38 episodes of the series.

In 1964, after having been impressed with Mobley's performance as Gustav in Emil and the Detectives, Walt Disney signed him to the title role in the highly acclaimed and Emmy-nominated "Adventures of Gallegher" serials for the Wonderful World of Color. Gallegher is an amateur sleuth newspaper reporter, a character created by author Richard Harding Davis.

After 9 years and appearances in 118 television programs or feature films, Mobley's career was interrupted at the age of 18 by military service. Mobley eventually graduated Parachute Jump School (Fort Benning, Georgia) and JFK Special Warfare School (Fort Bragg, North Carolina) and was assigned to the 6th Special Group (Fort Bragg) and the 46th Special Special Forces Co., 1st Special Forces (1969-1970), before being honorably discharged in 1970.
Upon his return home to Whittier, Mobley found that only $6,000 earnings from his extensive film work as a child had been saved for him. His new bride and he moved to Texas, where he landed a position on the Beaumont, Texas Police Dept.

As of 2022, his marriage to his high school sweetheart is still intact after 54 years, and they have three children, 12 grandchildren, and one great grandchild. Mobley and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod.

Filmography

References

Further reading

 Holmstrom, John (1996). The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich: Michael Russell, p. 288-289.

External links
Roger Mobley Official Website

1949 births
Living people
High school football players in the United States
American male child actors
Male Western (genre) film actors
American male television actors
United States Army soldiers
Actors from Evansville, Indiana
People from Pecos, Texas
Male actors from Greater Los Angeles
People from Beaumont, Texas
People from Newton County, Texas
People from Jasper County, Texas
Male actors from Little Rock, Arkansas
American police officers
American Lutherans
People from Vidor, Texas
Members of the United States Army Special Forces
Indiana Republicans
Texas Republicans
California Republicans
Arkansas Republicans


Patteson Shoal is an outer reef in the Reef Islands, in the Solomon Islands province of Temotu. It is located about 50 km northeast of Nupani. The shoal is named for John Coleridge Patteson.

References

External links
 Patteson Shoal on Solomonislands.com.sb

Islands of the Solomon Islands


Buba Yohanna  (born 12 June 1982, in Balong) is a Cameroonian professional footballer.

Club career
Buba has played for several clubs in Europe, including Altay S.K. in the Turkish Super Lig and S.C. Beira-Mar in the Portuguese Liga. He also played for Clube Recreativo da Caála in the Angolan league.

References

External links
Profile at Foradejogo.net

1982 births
Living people
Cameroonian men's footballers
Primeira Liga players
Süper Lig players
Canon Yaoundé players
S.C. Beira-Mar players
Altay S.K. footballers
G.D. Estoril Praia players
Gondomar S.C. players
Cameroonian expatriate men's footballers
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Angola
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Men's association football defenders