William Fontaine de La Tour Dauterive (born June 22, 1953) is a fictional character in the animated television sitcom series King of the Hill. Bill is a divorced, bald, overweight, clinically depressed military barber and former high school football star, voiced by Stephen Root, and named after series producer Jim Dauterive.

Production

Stephen Root used his background in Southern theatre to help him develop the voice of Bill. Root attended the University of Florida, and had performed in Southern plays in New York City prior to being chosen for the role. He originally auditioned for the role of Dale Gribble, which "didn't feel right", so he then auditioned for Bill.

Personality

Bill is indicated as coming from an upper-class Cajun family in Louisiana: the family lived on a vast estate called the Chateau D'Haute Rive ("castle on the high bank") until his cousin, Gilbert, was forced to sell it. He speaks fluent Cajun French and plays the accordion skillfully, which surprises him just as much as it does everyone else. His father was abusive, spanking him regularly, locking him in a rabbit hutch, and making him wear dresses (Bill attempts to justify these actions when he mentions them). As of the season 2 episode "The Final Shinsult", Bill's father is presumably still alive (though slowing down in his later years), based upon Bill's remark to Hank that his father "can't even load a hunting rifle anymore," with Bill further commenting that he has to "practically put it in his hands and pull the trigger." By the time of the season 4 episode "A Beer Can Named Desire," Bill's only living male relative is his dandified cousin Gilbert, who still lives in Louisiana. By season 11, the two are guardians of the family's secret barbecue sauce recipe, which Gilbert refuses to allow Bill to sell. (However, Bill eventually gives the recipe to Bobby Hill so he can pass it on to his children, thus keeping the Dauterive tradition alive). Though Bill says he never had any children of his own, there is an opened possibility of him getting one or both of his dead cousins' widows pregnant during his stay at the family mansion while Hank was trying to win money by throwing a football into a big Alamo beer can at the Louisiana Superdome during halftime of the Dallas Cowboys–New Orleans Saints game.

Although overweight, balding, and emotionally needy in his later years, Bill was a muscular, confident athlete with long-flowing hair in his youth. Nicknamed "The Billdozer", he held Arlen High's career touchdown record until a young athlete named Ricky Suggs broke it years later. Ricky, however, is simply allowed to score the record-breaking touchdown by the other team due to a torn ACL, rather than playing injured as Bill would have; to regain his honor, Bill rejoins the team to score one last touchdown and re-tie the record (he had redshirt eligibility due to joining the Army during his senior year). Bill's bright future was derailed when he attended a Molly Hatchet concert and found his future wife Lenore passed out in his lap in 1991; she would go on to cheat on and humiliate Bill before finally leaving him a broken shell of his former self. Although there appear to be several factors, it can generally be assumed that her leaving him was the major cause of his downward spiral. In the episode "Order of the Straight Arrow", Bill says "I'm so depressed, I can't even blink", upon the reminiscence of his childhood days as an Arrow Scout and remembering his wishes to be a free-spirited pilot like his father. Bill's negative self-concept is clearly displayed in the episode "A Firefighting We Will Go"; Bill, Dale, Hank, and Boomhauer recall an evening's events, and, while the other three characters imagine themselves in a positive light, Bill imagines himself as being balder, fatter, and more of a glutton than he is in reality. Despite all of this, Bill is loyal and brave in the face of adversity, rescuing the Hills from their house after smelling a gas leak and resuscitating both Peggy and Hank on their front lawn afterwards.

Bill is often a foil for his friends, who verbally and emotionally put him down on a regular basis, either because they don't realize how hurtful their remarks are or because Bill is too dimwitted to mind very much. He is the first person to be mentioned when any character refers to losers or bemoans a misfortune for fear their lives will be ruined, like his. For example, Hank, while telling Peggy that a lawn "makes a man" and gives him a purpose, says "Without my lawn, I am Bill," which provokes a shudder from Peggy. Conversely, Bill greatly admires Hank and often seeks his advice before doing anything, and for his help when in trouble. He is usually quick to help his friends and occasionally gets dragged into Dale's crazy schemes; however, he is frequently unreliable. In particular, Bill handles pressure very poorly; he is bad at keeping secrets, and he is quick to panic if a situation becomes tense. He is also shown to be quite gullible and easily manipulated, due in part to his low self-esteem. Of all his acquaintances, Boomhauer and Hank seems to be the ones who gives him the most respect.

Bill has an obsessive crush on Peggy, and frequently makes bumbling, inappropriate remarks about her. Although Bill always speaks highly of Peggy and looks to her as the epitome of desire, she looks at him with total contempt. There are popular fan rumors that Bobby Hill is actually Bill's biological son, due to similarities in appearance, Hank's narrow urethra, Bill's crush on Peggy, and Peggy's disgust towards Bill.

Although Bill's friends are often disgusted or frustrated at his stupidity and unreliability, they were devastated when it appeared that he had sacrificed himself to save them when they were stuck on a military target zone, with Hank saying that he was a good friend – sweet, loyal, and brave. During their high school years, as they have one last blowout in Bill's honor as he's being shipped off, a drunken Hank stirs up a fight with a thug at a bar, but Bill intervenes and saves Hank. On some occasions, Bill will fight back, and relentlessly, if pushed enough.

When examining Bill's Army medical history, Dale discovered that Bill was unknowingly made part in an experiment called "Operation: Infinite Walrus", to create a hybrid soldier capable of operating in freezing cold waters. It is assumed that the experimental drugs are the cause of his weight gain, excessive body hair, baldness, and terrible body odor and breath until it's revealed that he was in the control group given a placebo. Bill is also shown to have a severe but easily treatable foot fungus, which actually comes in handy once to help Hank get revenge on a fraudulent mold inspector. Bill was diagnosed with diabetes and was told he would lose his ability to walk, but then later this was contradicted by the inept diagnosing doctor, who says that he only said Bill was likely to lose his ability to walk from diabetes. Originally the doctor made it seem like Bill would ultimately need to use a wheelchair. (Later, Bill beats him up for this, with Hank standing guard.) Ironically, this "diagnosis" leads Bill to a depressed slump, where he meets Thunder, a wheelchair-using muscle man who plays a wheelchair-friendly version of Rugby. This then leads Bill to get into better shape while playing the sport and this cured his diabetes.

Bill's personal hygiene and other habits are shown to be very poor. As previously mentioned, he has severe foot fungus, terrible breath, and body odor (when opening the hatch of a tank Bill had stolen, Hank believed there was a dead animal inside due to the smell). Various comments indicate that he doesn't shower or brush his teeth on a regular basis. Bobby states that he has dandruff in spite of being bald. He is regularly shown eating food he finds in or under his couch, and has even been shown to eat food without dishes (as in one episode where he was cooking himself spaghetti, where he broke his only plate and was forced to eat the spaghetti off of his counter and drink the jar of sauce he was going to serve with it). He dumps garbage directly out his kitchen window, despite having a garbage can. He has been shown to fall asleep while eating snacks, which attracts animals into his bedroom, though he seems incredulous or apathetic to this. His bathroom is described as disgusting, when asked if they would rather endure a dangerous and painful stunt (such as sticking a wasp up one's nose) or shower in Bill's bathroom, his friends always choose the former. When assigned tasks to get his house ready for a family reunion after Nancy and Peggy are assigned the bathroom, both are horrified and desperately try to change assignments. He also has a foot fetish, finding Peggy's unnaturally over-sized feet very appealing, and even tries to take her discarded full-body cast as she convalesces following a disastrous skydive.

Bill is also portrayed as being the poorest of Hank's friends. However, he resides in a similar looking house as all the other members of the main cast (one episode reveals he won it in his divorce). Moreover, although Bill is portrayed as poor, he is often seen spending money on extravagant or needless items. This is likely because he generally does not date, nor has any family, leaving him with extra income. Moreover, while Dale and Nancy cannot afford a plastic surgery in the episode "Trouble With The Gribbles", Bill offers to pay for it himself, signifying that he may be wealthier than the Gribble family.

Despite being physically out of shape, a target of many pranks, and incompetent in many areas, Bill is a highly skilled barber, as depicted in the episodes "Hank's Bad Hair Day" and "My Hair Lady." When the Army eliminates its barbers in the former episode, the commander of the base where Bill is stationed creates a fictitious Military Occupational Specialty as a cover for him to continue working as a barber.

Physical appearance
Bill Dauterive is overweight and balding, and often falls victim to Dale's harassment. Possibly because of low self-esteem and depression, Bill does not regularly brush his teeth, shower, or exercise, only doing these things when dating a woman. When introducing himself to a lawnmower focus group in "Nine Pretty Darn Angry Men", he states that he is 5'8". Although currently overweight, Bill is shown to be in incredible shape when first joining the army and, when met by old friends, they are generally surprised to see how out of shape he became. He is depicted as not meeting the Army's Physical Fitness Standards; however, he manages to pass by accidents such as the instructor failing to score him and not wanting to redo the test, or injuring himself prior to the test. In the episode "Tankin' to the Streets", Dale suggests that Bill's weight problems stem from a military program designed to create walrus-like soldiers to fight the Russians in the Arctic. However, Bill was a member of the placebo group. The likely source of his weight problems comes from depression, due to his wife leaving him.

Despite being the most overweight out of the show's main characters, Bill does on occasion show glimpses of the athleticism he once possessed. In the episode "Bills are Made to be Broken", Bill is allowed to return to high school to regain his touchdown record, because he never graduated and manages to score, despite the best efforts of the defense. Also in the episode "Bulk and the Body Buddies", Bill is shown to be able to bulk up and gain muscle relatively fast when he allows a group of muscle builders to work out in his garage. Although Bill is typically easily bullied by his friends, the times he does decide to stand up to himself people generally back away from him, suggesting he is physically intimidating, despite being overweight, while Dale routinely threatens individuals to no effect due to his small stature.

Bill is also shown as being very tough, while Dale trembles at even the thought of pain, Bill is typically shown working through injuries. In the episode "Bill of Sales", he is shown to be a competent sales man and Peggy uses him to win a sales contest, it is shown that Bill works hardest when he is insulted, so Peggy continues to push him until his feet begin to bleed. Although Bill continued to work, Peggy fired him out of guilt for taking advantage of him and also pushing him to the point of physical injury. She apologizes and calls him "a friend".

Intimate relationships
Bill Dauterive's ex-wife was named Lenore, who was seen and voiced in the episode "Hank and the Great Glass Elevator", attempting to worm her way back into Bill's life when he became high-profile while dating former Texas governor Ann Richards. During the early seasons, he often pined for Lenore to return after she ran out on him, but he was somewhat successful in getting over her in the episode "Pretty Pretty Dresses" after Hank resorts to pretending to be Lenore. Bill then finally symbolically confronts Lenore for leaving him, and after being told "I don't love you anymore" he becomes enraged and yells "You don't deserve William Fontaine de la Tour Dauterive!". During "Hank and the Great Glass Elevator", Lenore tries ordering Bill around in front of Ann Richards but he finally tells her off by mooning her. Other relationships include Luanne's mother Leanne Platter ("Leanne's Saga"), which ended when she reverted to her drunken violent ways and stole his truck, and Kahn's mother Laoma Souphanousinphone ("Maid in Arlen"), which was broken up by interference from Kahn, who convinced Bill that his mother was in love with astronaut Harrison Schmitt, but they then found out Kahn had been lying because seeing the two of them together disgusted him, and reunited with Kahn grudgingly saying they seemed right together (the show originally intended for Bill and Laoma to remain together, but the writing staff changed that plan and simply wrote her out of the series so Bill could remain unlucky in love to comedic effect, although their relationship is briefly mentioned in one subsequent episode). He also had a brief, mostly sexual, relationship with two of his cousins' widows ("A Beer Can Named Desire"). In the episode "The Untitled Blake McCormick Project," Bill dates a woman named Charlene, and she even moves in with him, however Charlene's past with John Redcorn complicates matters.  In a later season, he dated Reverend Karen Stroup for a time and even moved her in with him. When Reverend Stroup and Bill began dating, her congregation showed massive disapproval of their Reverend dating anyone, especially Bill. This meant that they had to carry out their relationship in secret. To Bill, this was exciting. He enjoyed the fact that they were having a relationship that was viewed as immoral by their peers. Unfortunately for Bill, when the pressure became too much for Stroup, she stepped down from her Reverendcy so that they could date like normal people. Bill ultimately broke up with Stroup because he found the relationship was no longer exciting when it was not a secret. Due to his ability to keep going after virtually any rejection, Bill is the one able to snap Boomhauer out of his depression when rejected by a woman he truly had feelings for.

Peggy Hill has said and done many cruel things to Bill, both to his face and behind his back with no regard for his feelings. Bill only seems to recognize that Peggy hates him in the aftermath of her making that clear, and forgets entirely about this reality every time he sees her or talks about her again. But while Peggy may have contempt and disgust for Bill, even she doesn't always try to actively hurt him physically. Sometimes it's just Bill's bad luck and masochism. She causes him seemingly endless pain, though it's not always intentional. For example, during a game of baseball (while they were on opposite sides), she once accidentally threw a bean-ball at his head, knocking him to the ground. She then mistakenly threw another at his crotch, putting him in excruciating pain and humiliation. She stole his prized American flag and accidentally destroyed it, driving him to absolute tears. Another time, angry at his endless pursuit of her, she hit him once at a game, she inadvertently wound up knocking him off the bleachers—his arm later in a sling. She, Dale and Minh studied him to make money for their investing endeavors, but eventually dropped him when he became conscious of it all—deepening his depression. Despite all of this, she says she considers him "a friend", and the series de-emphasized the Peggy-Bill dynamic when she met someone she loathed far more than Bill: Luanne's white-trash boyfriend (later husband) Lucky.

Work
Bill holds the fictional military occupational specialty "barber" in the United States Army under Ft. Blanda's H company, 110th infantry. His rank has been revealed through dialogue, in scenes of him wearing obsolete olive drab fatigues as being sergeant, and he appears to wear the insignia of E-5 on his Class A uniform in the episode "Old Glory". He has never deployed in his Army career. He briefly served as a recruiter when his position was eliminated for being wasteful, but it was secretly restored when Hank donated a new chair, with a cover job as an electrician. He speaks four to six languages (English, French, and Tagalog for sure), of which he used at least four in the army. It is revealed in one episode that as an athletic young man entering the army, he wanted to serve in the armored cavalry in a tank crew. He also was briefly a professional hair stylist with Luanne at the trendy salon Hottyz until it was discovered he wasn't homosexual. Bill and Luanne eventually worked for Hank's barber, Jack, which brought in a young adult clientele and saved Jack from going out of business.

Several times throughout the series Bill is revealed to be very talented at cutting hair. When Hank receives a bad hair cut, Bill is able to fix it quite easily. He revealed to Hank that he dyed the hair of 53 officers who serve at Ft. Blanda. When given other military duties such as recruiting, he has no success. While working at Hottyz, a high style salon, Bill and Luanne pitch together to host a chair. Luanne increases her sex appeal and Bill pretends to be gay so he will not offend women. They quickly rise to become "first chair." In another episode, it is revealed that the General of the base will not allow anyone besides Bill to cut his hair.

When he is engaged by other pursuits, such as when he toured with a choir group called the Harmonoholics or when he decided to run his own halfway house, Bill uses up all his personal and sick days from the army almost to the point of going AWOL; otherwise he doesn't use them at all because he has no real hobbies and when he travels (which isn't common) it's with his friends to locations in Texas and inside a given weekend. He is described as being nice but often depressed and lonely; his overwhelming need to make people like him makes him easily taken advantage of, particularly by Dale. He is overwhelmingly patriotic. When an American Flag is due to be disposed of by burning (as is principal practice), he offers to take the flag and hoist it over his home. When Kahn dares to so much as attempt to lower the flag, Bill lunges at Kahn fiercely. When the flag is destroyed, Bill cries terribly.

In the episode "Bill of Sales" it is also suggested that Bill has emotionally masochistic tendencies, which factors into his barely concealed lust for Peggy despite how much she dislikes him most of the time. When Peggy is impressed by Bill's super-salesman work, mostly because it benefits her, she sincerely praises him and is shocked when he immediately becomes angry and dismissive and abruptly ends the conversation. When a confused Peggy tells Hank that she tried to, "'motivate' him, business term, with a little 'praise', my term, he goes plumb loco, Spanish term." Hank's response, "You must have confused him; being dumped on is all Bill knows" leads Peggy to conclude that "Bill has had a hard life and he likes it that way" and subsequently refers to him as a "nut job". She manages to persuade him to go back to work for her by verbally abusing him. However, she soon fires him out of feelings of guilt for taking advantage of his low self-esteem. They end the episode on better terms than they started, both having a stronger idea of who the other person really is.

According to Drawn to Television by M. Keith Booker, Bill "is a lonely figure who adds a touch of pathos to the humor of King of the Hill, which is often bittersweet."  Jim Bawden of the Toronto Star describes Bill as a "sad sack".  Voicing Bill and a couple other characters on the show is Stephen Root's favorite job.

References

External links

King of the Hill characters
Fictional hairdressers
Fictional Cajuns
Fictional characters from Louisiana
Fictional characters from Texas
Television characters introduced in 1997
Animated characters introduced in 1997
Fictional military sergeants
Fictional players of American football
Fictional United States Army personnel
Male characters in animated series
Fictional attempted suicides
Fictional victims of domestic abuse
Fictional victims of child abuse


Van Boetzelaer (or: van den Boetzelaer) is an old aristocratic family that stems from the region of Kalkar, Germany.

History
The family history in the Duchy of Cleves can be traced back to the 13th century  ("Uradel"), when the van Boetzelaers belonged to the local nobility. A castle Boetzelaer in Kalkar was rebuilt from its ruins after WWII. In the sixteenth century, the family settled in The Netherlands. Nowadays, the family belongs to the Dutch nobility. Members carry the title of baron.

Coat of arms
Based on the similarity of their coat of arms, it is likely that the van Boetzelaer family are related to the Wesphalian von Galen family. The Boetzelaer coat of arms is depicted in the medieval Gelre Armorial (folio 93r).

Famous scions
 Pim van Boetzelaer van Oosterhout (1892–1986), Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Gallery

Literature
 Polak-de Booy, E.P., Inventaris archieven van Boetzelaer, Utrecht, 1965
 des Tombe J.W., bewerkt door C.W.L. baron van Boetzelaer, Het geslacht van den Boetzelaer. De historische ontwikkeling van de rechtspositie en de staatkundige invloed van een belangrijk riddermatig geslacht, Assen, 1969
 Kruimel, H.L., Inventaris van de genealogische bescheiden nagelaten door C.W.L. Baron van Boetzelaer, 's-Gravenhage, 1978
 Polak-de Booy, E.P., Inventaris van de archieven van de familie van Boetzelaer 1316–1952, Inventarisreeks van het Rijksarchief Utrecht, 32, Rijksarchief Utrecht, Utrecht, 1982

References

External links
 Archives of the family
 Castle Boetzelaer

Boetzelaer, van
Barons of the Netherlands
Münster (region)
Dutch-language surnames
Surnames of Dutch origin


Laura Pavel (born 19 October 1968) is a Romanian essayist and literary critic.

Biography
Daughter of Dora Pavel, writer, and Eugen Pavel, linguist, scientific researcher. Married to the literary critic Călin Teutişan. She has a BA in Letters of the "Babeş-Bolyai" University in Cluj-Napoca, the Romanian-English section (1992). PhD in Letters (Literary and Drama Theory), with a thesis dedicated to Eugène Ionesco (2002). She is part of the literary group gathered around the cultural journal Echinox. Research fellowships at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (1993), Indiana University of Bloomington (1997) and the University of Amsterdam (2000). Presently she is Professor at the Faculty of Theatre and Television of the "Babeş-Bolyai" University.

Published works

Volumes of essays and literary criticism
 Antimemoriile lui Grobei. Eseu monografic despre opera lui Nicolae Breban [The Antimemoirs of Grobei. A monographical essay on the oeuvre of Nicolae Breban], Bucharest, Ed. Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1997, 166 p.; the 2nd edition, Bucharest, Ed. Fundaţiei Culturale Ideea Europeană, 2004, 202 p.
 Ionesco. Anti-lumea unui sceptic [Ionesco. The Anti-word of a skeptic], Piteşti, Ed. Paralela 45, 2002, 316 p.
 Ficţiune şi teatralitate [Fiction and Theatricality], Cluj, Ed. Limes, 2003, 176 p.
 Dumitru Țepeneag şi canonul literaturii alternative [Dumitru Ţepeneag and the Canon of Alternative Literature], Cluj, Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2007, 180 p.
 Dumitru Tsepeneag and the Canon of Alternative Literature, translated by Alistair Ian Blyth, Champaign & Dublin & London, Dalkey Archive Press, 2011, 214 p.
 Teatru și identitate. Interpretări pe scena interioară / Theatre and Identity. Interpretations on the Inner Stage, Cluj, Casa Cărții de Știință, 2012, 230 p.
 Ionesco. L’antimondo di uno scettico, traduzione di Maria Luisa Lombardo, Roma, Aracne editrice, 2016, 316 p.
 Personaje ale teoriei, ființe ale ficțiunii, Iași, Institutul European, 2021, 338 p.

Prefaces; edited volumes
 Nicolae Breban, Bunavestire, 4th edition, preface, chronology and critical references, Piteşti, Ed. Paralela 45, 2002.
 Sorin Crişan, Jocul nebunilor, preface, Cluj, Ed. Dacia, 2003.
 Dumitru Țepeneag, La belle Roumaine, 2nd edition, preface, Bucharest, Ed. Art, 2007.
 Nicolae Breban, Bunavestire, 5th edition, chronology and critical references, Bucharest, Jurnalul Naţional & Ed. Curtea Veche, 2011.

Translations
 Melanie Klein, Iubire, vinovăţie, reparaţie [Love, Guilt and Reparation], translation from English, in collaboration, Binghamton & Cluj, Ed. S. Freud, 1994.
 Evelyn Underhill, Mistica [Mysticism], translation from English, Cluj, Ed. "Biblioteca Apostrof", 1995.

Collective volumes
 Dicţionar analitic de opere literare româneşti [Analytical Dictionary of Romanian Literary Works], edited by Ion Pop, vol. I-IV (1998–2003); final edition, Cluj, Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2007 (co-author).
 Ionesco după Ionesco / Ionesco après Ionesco, Cluj, Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2000 (co-author).
 Dumitru Tsepeneag. Les Métamorphoses d'un créateur : écrivain, théoricien, traducteur (Les actes du colloque organisé les 14-15 avril 2006), Timişoara, Editura Universităţii de Vest, 2006 (co-author).
 T(z)ara noastră. Stereotipii şi prejudecăţi, Bucharest, Institutul Cultural Român, 2006 (co-author).
 Poetica dell'immaginario. Imago 2, coordonator Gisèle Vanhese, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Centro Editoriale e Librario dell'Università della Calabria, 2010 (co-author).
 Multiculturalismo e multilinguismo / Multiculturalisme et multilinguisme, a cura di Gisèle Vanhese, Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica. Università della Calabria, 25, 2010 (co-author).
 Dicţionarul cronologic al romanului românesc. 1990-2000, Bucharest, Editura Academiei Române, 2011 (co-author).
 Dicționarul general al literaturii române, A–B. Ediția a II-a revizuită, adăugită și adusă la zi, București, Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2016 (co-author).
 Dicționarul general al literaturii române, C. Ediția a II-a revizuită, adăugită și adusă la zi, București, Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2016 (co-author).
 Dicționarul cronologic al romanului tradus în România. 1990‒2000, Cluj-Napoca, Institutul de Lingvistică și Istorie Literară „Sextil Pușcariu”, 2017 (co-author).
 Dicționarul general al literaturii române, D–G. Ediția a II-a revizuită, adăugită și adusă la zi, București, Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2017 (co-author).
 Dicționarul general al literaturii române, H–L. Ediția a II-a revizuită, adăugită și adusă la zi, București, Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2017 (co-author).
 Victor Man: Luminary Petals on a Wet, Black Bow , New York, Sternberg Press, 2017 (co-author).
 Dicționarul general al literaturii române, M–O. Ediția a II-a revizuită, adăugită și adusă la zi, București, Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2019 (co-author).
 Enciclopedia imaginariilor din România, coordonator general Corin Braga, vol. V, Imaginar și patrimoniu artistic, volum coordonat de Liviu Malița, Iași, Polirom, 2020 (co-author).

Affiliations
 Member of the Writers Union of Romania
 Member of Conseil International d'Études Francophones (CIEF)
 Member of the Association of General and Comparative Literature of Romania (ALGCR)
 Member in the editorial board of the academic journal Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, series Dramatica

Awards
 The Prize for Debut at the National Bookfare (1997)
 The Prize "Henri Jacquier" of the French Cultural Center in Cluj (2002)
 The Excellence Award of the "Babeş-Bolyai" University (2002)
 The Prize "Book of the Year - Literary History and Criticism" of the Romanian Writers' Union, Cluj (2007)

References

  Gheorghe Grigurcu, in România literară, no. 11, March 19-25, 2003.
   Alex Goldiş, in Cultura, no. 45 (149), November 15, 2007.
 Dana Pârvan-Jenaru, in Observator cultural, no. 152 (410), February 14-20, 2008.
  Irina Petraş, in Apostrof, no. 2, 2008.

Further reading
 Gabriel Dimisianu, Lumea criticului, Bucharest, Ed. Fundaţiei Culturale Române, 2000, pp. 153–158.
 Ion Bogdan Lefter, Scriitori români din anii '80-'90. Dicţionar bio-bibliografic, vol. III, Piteşti, Ed. Paralela 45, 2001, pp. 29–30.
 Irina Petraş, Cărţile deceniului 10, Cluj, Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2003, pp. 334–336.
 Idem, Literatura română contemporană. O panoramă, Bucharest, Ed. Ideea Europeană, 2008, pp. 671–674.
 Dicţionar Echinox, coordonateur Horea Poenar, Bucharest & Cluj, Ed. Tritonic, 2004, pp. 278–281; the 2nd edition, Piteşti, Ed. Paralela 45, 2008, pp. 298–303.
 Aurel Sasu, Dicţionarul biografic al literaturii române, M-Z, Piteşti, Ed. Paralela 45, 2006, p. 311.
 Dicţionarul general al literaturii române, P-R, Bucharest, Ed. Univers Enciclopedic, 2006, pp. 110–111.
 Dicționarul general al literaturii române, ediția a II-a revizuită, adăugită și adusă la zi, vol. VI, P–R, Bucharest, Ed. Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2021, pp. 172-173.

External links
  The Romanian Writers’ Union, Cluj
   Publishing House Paralela 45
  Associazione Italiana di Romenistica (AIR)
  Critiques et exégèses de l'œuvre d'Eugène Ionesco

Romanian essayists
Romanian literary critics
Romanian women literary critics
Romanian translators
Romanian women writers
Romanian writers
Babeș-Bolyai University alumni
Academic staff of Babeș-Bolyai University
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
1968 births
Romanian women essayists


Gymnopilus luteus, known as the yellow gymnopilus, is a widely distributed mushroom-forming fungus of the Eastern United States. It contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocin. It is often mistaken for G. speciosissimus and G. subspectabilis.

Description
Pileus: 3—20 cm, convex-hemispherical at first, expanding to broadly convex, with an irregularly infolded and not incurved margin that slightly overhangs the gills. Buff yellow to warm buff orange, often slightly darker towards the center, dry, smooth, silky or finely floccose-fibrillose, sometimes floccose-squamulose toward the center, flesh firm, pale yellow. Staining orange-brownish or sometimes bluish-green where injured or on age.
Gills: Adnexed, thin, close, pale yellow, becoming rusty brown with age.
Spore print: Rusty brown.
Stipe: 4—10 cm, 0.5–3 cm thick, equal to slightly enlarging below, solid, firm, colored like the cap, developing yellowish-rusty stains when handled, finely hairy, partial veil usually forms a fragile submembraneous ring or fibrillose annular zone near the apex. Staining orange-brownish or sometimes bluish-green where injured or in age.
Taste: Very bitter.
Odor: Gills have a strong odor of anise, which is one of the easiest ways to differentiate it from its close relatives.
Microscopic features: Spores are 6.5–8.3 µm × 4.5–5.7 µm (average = 7.4 ± 0.5 × 5.1 ± 0.3), minutely warty, elliptical, slightly dextrinoid, surface finely roughened with irregular warts and short ridges, no germ pore. Pleurocystidia absent or very rare, cheilocystidia mostly lageniform to lecythiform but occasionally without a swollen apex; length = 19.3–35.4 µm (average = 27.3 ± 4.0). Caulocystidia abundant above the annular zone, produced as terminal cells of long hair-like hyphae, narrowly ventricose–capitate to cylindric–capitate, often cylindrical to clavate and without significant apical swelling; 30.9–66.9 µm. Clamp connections present.
Bruising: None to light blue or green bruising at the base and possibly on the pileus. More common on aborted pins. Slower bruising reaction than most Psilocybe species.
Potency: Lower levels of psilocin and psilocybin when compared with the genus Psilocybe, ~0.1–0.5% total tryptamines when dried.

It is considered inedible due to the bitter taste and presence of the hallucinogenic compounds psilocybin and psilocin.

Habitat and formation
G. luteus is found growing solitary to gregariously or in small clusters on dead hardwood trees, preferring damp and well rotted material. It fruits from June to November, and is widely distributed in the eastern United States and Canada.

See also

 List of Gymnopilus species

References

Sources

 Hesler, L. R. (1969). North American species of Gymnopilus. New York: Hafner. 117 pp.

luteus
Entheogens
Psychoactive fungi
Psychedelic tryptamine carriers
Fungi of North America
Inedible fungi
Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck
Fungi described in 1898


Tennis were contested at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea from October 2 to October 12, 2002. Tennis had team, doubles, and singles events for men and women, as well as a mixed doubles competition. The tennis competition was held at the Geumjeong Tennis Stadium.

The host nation South Korea finished first in the medal table with seven medals.

Schedule

Medalists

Medal table

Participating nations
A total of 102 athletes from 19 nations competed in tennis at the 2002 Asian Games:

See also
 Tennis at the Asian Games

References

 Official website
 Results Book Pages 735–742

2002
Asian Games
2002 Asian Games events
2002 Asian Games


Edith Segal Motridge (July 30, 1913 – November 1, 2007), also known by her married name Edith Polster, was an American competitive swimmer who represented the United States in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.

Early life
Motridge was born in San Francisco, attending Hollywood High School and the University of Southern California. Due to Hollywood High School not having a girls' swim team, she trained with the boy's team, and later with the Los Angeles Athletic Club.

Competitive swimming career
Motridge posted a time of 1:19.6 and placed fourth in the women's 100-meter backstroke final at the 1936 Summer Olympics. She was also the US champion in the 100m backstroke in 1939.

Movie career
After Motridge's competitive swimming career, she worked on movies at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) as Esther Williams' stunt double. She worked on all swimming movies made by MGM.

Personal life
Motridge married Leonard Polster in 1969; they moved to Fairbanks Ranch in 1983. Throughout their partnership they were involved in philanthropic efforts, including a Boys & Girls Clubs of San Dieguito Foundation scholarship.

Motridge died on November 1, 2007, in Rancho Santa Fe.

References

1913 births
2007 deaths
American female backstroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers from San Francisco
Swimmers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
21st-century American women


María Pilar Jiménez Aleixandre (born 1947, in Madrid) is a Spanish writer, translator and biologist. She lives in Amaía, Galicia, Spain. In her own words:
I use the Galician Language as a literary language because I have a forked tongue, however not all the creatures with a forked tongue are bad. I think that all stories and poems are messages written in ink, spittle or blood, that we throw into space wishing that somebody receives them.

Life and career
The grandparents of Marilar Aleixandre were from Andalucia, Valencia and Madrid. She was born in Madrid in 1947 and has lived in Ceuta and Doña Mencía (Córdoba). She has resided in Galicia since 1973 and has adopted the Galician language as her literary language. She is now one of the most famous Galician language writers. In her own words:
I remember some things of every city where I lived: Ceuta (the lemon tree that we had in our courtyard); Doña Mencía (eating figs at the crack of dawn with my father); Madrid (the cinema club of Areneros, where I saw "Freaks" for the first time); Vigo (the mimosas in blossom); Santiago de Compostela...and other cities where I never lived or where I only lived for a short time: Donostia, Perugia, Boston. And I have a special relationship with Toba, Cée and with a Costa da Morte.

She is a lecturer of Biology at the University of Santiago de Compostela, where she has been teaching Environmental and Science Education since 1988. Her first story was Un Conto Sobre Vampiros, followed by Agardando polos morcegos. She then published her first children's book A formiga coxa,  and A expedición do Pacífico (Premio da Crítica Galega 1995).
She was finalist of the Premio Xerais de Novela in 1992, with Tránsito dos Gramáticos. In 1996 she published the book of stories Lobos nas illas about the difficulty of family relationships, in 1988 the novel A Compañía Clandestina de Contrapublicidade (Premio Álvaro Cunqueiro 1988), and in 2001 Teoría do Caos (Premio Xerais 2001). The majority of her works are translated to Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan and Basque.
She has translated the collection of poems Muller ceiba (1996) by Sandra Cisneros from English to Galician, as well as A Caza do Carbairán (1997) by Lewis Carroll and Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) by J.K. Rowling. She has also written the screenplay of 14 episodes of Os escachapedras.

She has taken part in several collective publications of poetry and in the activities of the Batallón Literario da Costa da Morte. In 1998 she won the Award Esquío with the collection of poems Catálogo de velenos. Besides this, she has contributed to the culture and literature magazines Nó, Luzes de Galicia, CLIJ, Festa da Palabra Silenciada, Dorna and El Signo del Gorrión. She also publishes academic works on teaching science.

Aleixandre has been quoted as saying that: Writing allows us to invite people into the worlds that we have imagined.

Works

Literary
A formiga coxa, Edicións Xerais, 1989 (Fran Jaraba Illustration)
O rescate do peneireiro, Edicións Xerais, 1990 (Fran Jaraba Illustration)
Tránsito dos gramáticos, Edicións Xerais, 1993
A expedición do Pacífico, Edicións Xerais,1994
Nogard, 1994
O trasno de Alqueidón, Edicións Xerais, 1996 (Miguelanxo Prado Illustration)
Lobos nas illas, Edicións Xerais, 1996
A compañía clandestina de contrapublicidade, Galaxia, 1998
Catálogo de velenos, Esquío, 1999
A banda sen futuro, Edicións Xerais, 1999
Lapadoiras, Sacaúntos e Cocón, 1999
Teoría do caos, Edicións Xerais, 2001
O Rato de Biblioteca e a Gaiteira de Marín, included in Contos para levar no peto, Edicións Xerais, 2001
Unha presa de terra, Ir Indo Edicións, 2001 (Miguelanxo Prado Illustrations)
Paxaros de papel, Edicións Xerais, 2001
El-Rei Artur e a abominable dama, Ir Indo Edicións, 2001
Basilisa, a princesa sapiño, 2002
O monstro da chuvia, SM, 2003 (Pablo Amargo Illustrations)
Desmentindo a primavera, Edicións Xerais, 2003
Rúa Carbón, Xerais, 2005
A vaca de Fisterra e a trabe de alcatrán, Tambre, 2005
Mudanzas, 2007
A Cabeza da Medusa, Edicións Xerais, 2008.

Academic
Traballando coas ciencias da Terra, University of Santiago, 1995 (as co-editor)
Dubidar para aprender, Edicións Xerais, 1996
Enseñar Ciencias, Graó, 2003 (as coordinator)

Awards
Premio Merlín of Children’s Books 1994 with A Expedición do Pacífico.
Premio da Crítica to the literary creation in Galician Language, 1995.
Premio Rañolas for the best Young/Children’s book in Galician Language 1996 with O Trasno de Alqueidón
Premio Manuel Murguía of Short Story 1997 with Desaforados Muños.
Premio Álvaro Cunqueiro of Narrative 1997 with A Compañía clandestina de contrapublicidade.
Honour List IBBY 1997 with A caza do Carbairán (tradition of The Hunting of the Snark) of Lewis Carroll.
Premio Esquío of Poetry in Galician Language 1998 with Catálogo de velenos.
Premio Lazarillo 2001 with A Banda Sen Futuro
Lecturas Galix 2001 with A Banda Sen Futuro
Premio La Voz de Galicia 2001 with Unha Presa de Terra
Premio de Poesía Caixanova in 2006 with Mudanzas.
Premio Fundación Caixa Galicia of young literature in 2008 with A cabeza da medusa.
National Literature Prize for Narrative 2022 for As malas mulleres

References

External links
Marilar Aleixandre Personal Page (English, Spanish and Galician)
Marilar Aleixandre in Galician Language
Biography of Marilar Aleixandre in the Galician Virtual Library

1947 births
Living people
Scientists from Madrid
Writers from Madrid
Writers from Galicia (Spain)
Women writers from Galicia (Spain)
Galician poets
Spanish women poets


The  are a group of islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. They are about 60 km west of Okinawa Island.

They include
 Aguni Village (Shimajiri District)

 Tonaki, Village (Shimajiri District)

References

Archipelagoes of Japan
Okinawa Islands
Islands of Okinawa Prefecture
Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean


Aero Comercial Oriente Norte Ltda., doing business as Aerocon, was a Bolivian airline. Its national office was in Hangar 93 in El Trompillo Airport in Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

It started its operations in 2005. In 2006, the airline transferred its operational base to Trinidad. It was also called the Airline of Beni Department. It operated from Trinidad to Cobija, Cochabamba, Guayaramerín, La Paz, Riberalta, Santa Cruz, Yacuiba, Sucre, and Tarija but in 2015 it stopped operating due to finance problems and resulting severe security issues.

Destinations
In January 2013, Aerocon offered scheduled flights to the following destinations:

 Bolivia
Cobija - Captain Aníbal Arab Airport
Cochabamba - Jorge Wilstermann International Airport
Guayaramerín - Guayaramerín Airport
La Paz - El Alto International Airport
Oruro - Juan Mendoza Airport
Potosí - Captain Nicolas Rojas Airport
Puerto Suarez - Puerto Suárez International Airport
Riberalta - Riberalta Airport
Rurrenabaque - Rurrenabaque Airport
Santa Cruz - El Trompillo Airport
Sucre - Juana Azurduy de Padilla International Airport
Tarija - Capitán Oriel Lea Plaza Airport
Trinidad - Teniente Jorge Henrich Arauz Airport
Yacuiba - Yacuiba Airport

Fleet

Accidents and incidents
On 7 September 2011, Aerocon Flight 238 from El Trompillo Airport, Santa Cruz de la Sierra to Teniente Jorge Henrich Arauz Airport, Trinidad, Bolivia crashed on approach to Trinidad. The flight was operated by a Fairchild SA227-BC Metro III. There were nine people on board, of whom eight were killed.
On 3 November 2013, an Aerocon airliner crashed when it was trying to land at the airport in Riberalta that killed 8 people.

External links

"DGAC descarta que accidente de Aerocon fue falla de torre." Página Siete. 14 September 2011.

References

Defunct airlines of Bolivia
Airlines established in 2005
Airlines disestablished in 2015
Bolivian companies established in 2005
2015 disestablishments in Bolivia


The Latimers : A Tale of the Western Insurrection of 1794 is an historical novel by the American writer and Presbyterian clergyman  Henry Christopher McCook (1837–1911) set in 1790s Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The novel tells the story of Scotch-Irish American pioneers during the Whiskey Rebellion.

See also

Other novels that employ events of the Whiskey Rebellion:
 The Whiskey Rebels (2008)
 Wilderness Boy (1955)
 The Delectable Country (1939)

References

External links
The Latimers : A Tale of the Western Insurrection of 1794 (1898) (Historic Pittsburgh e-text)

1898 American novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Scotch-Irish American culture in Pennsylvania
Fiction set in the 1790s


Florence Chambers (November 2, 1907 – September 27, 1979), later known by her married name Florence Newkirk, was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.  She competed in the women's 100-meter backstroke, advanced to the event final, and finished fourth overall with a time of 1:30.8.

In 1970, Chambers was inducted by the San Diego Hall of Champions into the Breitbard Hall of Fame, honoring San Diego's finest athletes both on and off the playing surface.

References

External links

 obituary

1907 births
1979 deaths
American female backstroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers from San Diego
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women
20th-century American people


Aranlı (, known as Poltavka until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Imishli District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 7,145.

References

Populated places in Imishli District


Hacırüstəmli (known as Frunze and Suvorovka until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,159.

References

Populated places in Imishli District


Don't Fade Away is a 2011 coming-of-age drama film starring Mischa Barton and Ryan Kwanten. The film was produced by Origin Entertainment Group and was shot in Los Angeles and North Carolina. It was released on DVD in Australia on April 6, 2011.

Plot
Life was easy for Jackson White (Kwanten). With looks, brains, and athletic ability, the world's possibilities seemed limitless. But, when he came to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the music industry, he was so seduced by money and status that he lost track of who he was. Now, with both his personal and professional lives on the edge of ruin, he's been called home to care for his dying father. While in North Carolina and Los Angeles, he'll have to confront the friends he lost track of and the girl he never met.

Cast
 Mischa Barton as Kat
 Ryan Kwanten as Jackson White
 Beau Bridges as Chris White
 Ja Rule as Foster
 Jenn Sterger as Amber

References

External links

2011 films
American drama films
Films set in New York (state)
Films set in North Carolina
Films shot in North Carolina
Films shot in California
2011 drama films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films


Məhəmmədli is a village and municipality in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 581.

References

Populated places in Imishli District


Vətəgə is a village in the municipality of Sarıxanlı in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Imishli District


Hacımustafalı is a village in the municipality of Cəfərli in the Imishli Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Imishli District


Hag is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers released on Capitol Records in 1971. It became his fifth album to top the Billboard country album charts. It also reached number 66 on the pop albums chart.

History
Hag was Haggard's first album with a majority of original songs in two years, following two tribute albums (to Jimmie Rodgers and Bob Wills) and two live albums in 1969 and 1970. While Hag spawned no #1 hits, it did include three singles that went to number 3.  In his 2013 book The Running Kind, Haggard biographer David Cantwell contends that Hag was "the most sustained and closest-to-coherent political statement of his career...The world Hag portrays on Hag is one teetering on the brink.  From atop some middle-American watchtower, Merle delivers a nearly despairing state of the union."  The album opens with the Ernest Tubb World War II era-hit  "Soldier's Last Letter," a song that took on a new relevance in 1971 with America's continued involvement in the Vietnam War.  Haggard addresses social issues plaguing the country at home,  such as street violence ("Jesus Take Hold") and homelessness ("Sidewalks of Chicago").  The LP also contains some of Haggard's most delicately sung love songs, such as the melancholy "Shelly's Winter Love" and "The Farmer's Daughter."  Haggard would rerecord "No Reason to Quit" for his 1983 duet album Pancho and Lefty with Willie Nelson.

Hag was reissued along with Let Me Tell You About a Song on CD by Beat Goes On Records in 2002.

Critical reception

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic calls it "one of his absolute best albums—which means a lot, because he recorded no shortage of great records. In contrast to the rowdy live albums and the raucous Western swing that preceded it, Hag is quite quiet and reflective, sometimes referencing the turmoil within America at the end of the '60s, but more often finding Haggard turning inward." Music critic Robert Christgau wrote "Four country hits on Haggard's first straight studio album in a year and a half, but only the simple goodbye song "I Can't Be Myself" escapes bathos."

Track listing
All songs by Merle Haggard unless otherwise noted:

Personnel
Merle Haggard– vocals, guitar

The Strangers:
Roy Nichols – lead guitar
Norman Hamlet – steel guitar, dobro
Bobby Wayne - rhythm guitar, harmony vocals
Dennis Hromek – bass, background vocals
Biff Adam – drums

with
Red Lane – guitar
George French – piano
Johnny Gimble – fiddle

and
Earl Ball – piano
Glen D. Hardin – piano

Chart positions

References

1971 albums
Merle Haggard albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


Susanne  E. Laird (July 18, 1908 – November 7, 1933), also known by her married name Susan Scavey, was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Laird was born in Homestead, Pennsylvania, and was one of four girls, including Josephine McKim and Lenore Kight, who trained at the Carnegie Library Athletic Club under coach Jack Scarry, her uncle, to represent the United States as members of the Olympic swim team.  She began swimming at age 14 on the advice of a physician after developing St. Vitus Dance.  The doctor believed swimming as a daily exercise would help to cure her nervous condition.

Laird won her first championship in 1924 at Lake Elizabeth in Pittsburgh, completing the 50-yard freestyle in 32 seconds. She placed second in the 100 meters and third in the 300-yard medley at the 1926 Sesquicentennial in Philadelphia.  That year, she went on to win the national 100-yard junior championship. In 1928 she qualified for the American Olympic Team, and traveled aboard the S.S. President Roosevelt to Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for the 1928 Summer Olympics.  Laird finished fifth in the women's 100-meter freestyle.  She also helped the American relay team to qualify for the final of the women's 4×100-meter freestyle relay as they set a new world record in the semifinals.  Laird did not receive a gold medal, even though the American team finished first in the event final, because she did not swim in the final.

After graduating from Temple University in 1930, Laird was appointed girls' coach and physical education instructor at Homestead High School, a position she held until her death from a rare blood disorder and subsequent pneumonia at age 25.

See also
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
 List of Temple University people
 World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay

References

1908 births
1933 deaths
American female freestyle swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Olympic swimmers for the United States
People from Homestead, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Temple University alumni
20th-century American women
Deaths from pneumonia in Pennsylvania


"I'm in a Hurry (And Don't Know Why)" is a song written by Roger Murrah and Randy VanWarmer, and recorded by American country music band Alabama.  It was released in September 1992 as the second single from their album American Pride.  The song hit number one on both the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

Content
The song is an up-tempo, in which the narrator discusses the rather fast pace of the current society. He states that he is always in a hurry, but has no explanation as to why he is rushing.

Chart positions

Year-end charts

Certifications

Cover version
Florida Georgia Line covered the song on the 2013 album Alabama & Friends. This version peaked at number 47 on Hot Country Songs and number 82 on the Canadian Hot 100.

Popular culture
"I'm in a Hurry (And Don't Know Why)" is featured in the first episode of the miniseries The Dropout, based on Elizabeth Holmes and the Theranos scandal. Holmes had named "I'm in a Hurry (And Don't Know Why)" as her favorite song in high school.

References

External links

1992 singles
Alabama (American band) songs
Songs written by Roger Murrah
Songs written by Randy VanWarmer
Song recordings produced by Josh Leo
Music videos directed by Deaton-Flanigen Productions
RCA Records Nashville singles
Florida Georgia Line songs
1992 songs


Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Infant Jesus Convent, commonly referred to as Infant Jesus Convent (IJC) is a secondary school for girls in the city of Malacca, Malaysia.

Notable alumni
 Shirley Geok-lin Lim, author

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080820064116/http://sekolah.mmu.edu.my/smkijc/lamanutama.htm Official website
 http://smkijc.110mb.com/ PTA Website

Catholic schools in Malaysia
Schools in Malacca
Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus schools
Secondary schools in Malaysia
Girls' schools in Malaysia


Marian Ulmer Gilman (July 2, 1914 – June 23, 1996), also known by her married name Marian Sharpe, was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.  As a 14-year-old, Gilman placed fourth in the event final of the women's 100-meter backstroke with a time of 1:24.2.

Her brother, Ralph Gilman, swam for the United States in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

External links

1914 births
1996 deaths
American female backstroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers from Berkeley, California
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women


Eugène Leterrier (1843 – 22 December 1884 in Paris) was a French librettist.

Leterrier worked at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris but then turned to the theatre. He mainly collaborated in writing libretti with Albert Vanloo. Their working relationship was productive and stress-free.

In collaboration with Vanloo success first came with Giroflé-Girofla and La petite mariée for Lecocq. The pair went on to provide libretti for Potier, Jacob, de Villebichet, Offenbach, Chabrier, Lacome and Messager. Chabrier was particularly pleased with the honest and hard work he enjoyed with the librettists for his first staged works.

List of libretti
With Albert Vanloo
Giroflé-Girofla (1874)
La petite mariée for Lecocq (1875)
Le voyage dans la lune (1875)
La Marjolaine for Lecocq (1877)
L'étoile (1877)
La Camargo for Lecocq (1878)
Une éducation manquée (1879)
La jolie Persane for Lecocq (1879)
Le jour et la nuit for Lecocq (1881)
Mam'zelle Moucheron for Offenbach (1881)
Le droit d'aînesse (1883)
La Béarnaise (1885)

With Albert Vanloo and Arnold Mortier
L'arbre de Noël for Lecocq (1880)

References

External links
List of works by Leterrier at the Index to Opera and Ballet Sources Online

French opera librettists
1843 births
1884 deaths
French male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French male writers


Lisa A. Lindstrom (August 12, 1912 – June 22, 1994), also known by her married name Lisa Olson, was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.  As a 16-year-old, Lindstrom finished fifth in the event final of the women's 100-meter backstroke with a time of 1:24.4.

References

1912 births
1994 deaths
American female backstroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Sportspeople from Jersey City, New Jersey
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women
20th-century American people


Black Sea is the fourth studio album by the Austrian electronic musician Fennesz. The LP was released on November 25, 2008, while a CD release followed on December 9, 2008 with different artwork. The track "Saffron Revolution" was released as a single prior to the release of the album.

Track listing
 "Black Sea" - 10:11
 "The Colour of Three" - 8:06
 "Perfume For Winter" - 4:35
 "Grey Scale" - 4:09
 "Glide" - 9:22
 "Vacuum" - 3:58
 "Glass Ceiling" - 5:49
 "Saffron Revolution" - 5:52

Tracks 2 and 6 do not appear on the vinyl version.

References

External links

2008 albums
Fennesz albums
Touch Music albums


Margaret Hoffman (June 19, 1911 – March 25, 1991) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1928 Summer Olympics and 1932 Summer Olympics.

Biography
Margaret Hoffman was born on 19 June 1911, in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, to Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Hoffman.

Hoffman was described as having a "natural athletic ability", being picked in late 1927 as a student with "good free style prospect" by the Scranton Swimming Association. In 1928, she was selected to compete in the Middle Atlantic championships in Philadelphia, winning the heat, in her first breaststroke race, and setting a meet record. She lost by a "slight margin" in the final.

The same year she would compete in the 1928 Summer Olympics finishing third in her first heat, and fifth in the final of the women's 200-metet breaststroke event. She was the only American point winner in the event at Amsterdam.

Four years later Hoffman competed in the Los Angelis games while at the same time completing her studies at Mount Holyoke College. She won both the first and third trials of the 200-meter breaststroke, setting a new American record of 3:12:3 in the process. However she would go one to finish fifth in the final.

After completing her undergraduate degree she received a masters from Temple University. In later life chaired Physical Education at the Wyoming Seminary, before becoming a mathematics teacher Shipley school. She died on 25 March 1991.

References

1911 births
1991 deaths
American female breaststroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Sportspeople from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
20th-century American women


The kings of Thomond () ruled from the establishment of Thomond during the High Middle Ages, until the Early modern period. Thomond represented the legacy of Brian Bóruma and the High Kings of Ireland of his line who could not hold onto all of Munster, so had to partition the realm between themselves and Desmond, ruled by their rivals the Eóganachta. The Kings of Thomond were drawn from the leading kindred of the Dál gCais known as the Ó Briain. For centuries they fought off challenges from the Normans, including the de Clare family and internal conflict between factions. Eventually Murchadh Carrach Ó Briain decided to surrender and regrant his realm to the Kingdom of Ireland in 1543 and accepted the titles Baron Inchiquin and Earl of Thomond.
These titles were recently held by Conor Myles John O'Brien (d.2023)

Kings of Thomond

Ó Briain, 1118-1277

|-
| Conchobhar Ó Briain 1118–1142 ||  || Son of Diarmuid Ó Briain ||unknown || 1142
|-
| Toirdhealbhach mac Diarmada Ua Briain 1142–1167 ||  || Son of Diarmuid Ó Briain ||unknown || 1167
|-
| Muircheartach mac Toirdelbhach Ó Briain 1167–1168 ||  || Son of Toirdelbhach mac Diarmaida Ó Briain ||unknown || 1168
|-
| Domhnall Mór Ó Briain 1168–1194 ||  || Son of Toirdelbhach mac Diarmaida Ó Briain ||Orlacan Ní MurchadaFour children|| 1194
|-
| Muircheartach Dall Ó Briain 1194–11981203–1210 ||  || Son of Domhnall Mór Ó Briain and Orlacan Ní Murchada||unknown|| 1210
|-
| Conchobhar Ruadh Ó Briain 1198–1203 ||  || Son of Domhnall Mór Ó Briain and Orlacan Ní Murchada||unknown|| 1203
|-
| Donnchadh Cairbreach Ó Briain 1210–1242 ||  || Son of Domhnall Mór Ó Briain and Orlacan Ní Murchada||unknown|| 1242
|-
| Conchobhar na Suidaine Ó Briain 1242–1268 ||  || Son of Donnchadh Cairbreach Ó Briain||unknown|| 1268
|-
| Brian Ruadh Ó Briain 1268–12761277 ||  || Son of Conchobhar na Suidaine Ó Briain||unknown|| 1277
|-
|}

Ó Briain Clann Tadhg, 1276-1311

|-
| Toirdhealbhach Mór Ó Briain 1276–1306 ||  || Son of Tadhg Cael Uisce Ó Briain ||unknown || 1306
|-
| Donnchadh mac Toirdelbach Ó Briain 1306–1311 ||  || Son of Toirdelbach Ó Briain ||unknown || 1311
|-
|}

Ó Briain Clann Briain Ruadh, 1277-1284

|-
| Donnchadh mac Brian Ruadh Ó Briain 1277–1284(claimant) ||  || Son of Brian Ruadh Ó Briain ||unknown || 1284
|-
|}

Ó Briain Clann Briain Ruadh, 1311-1317

|-
| Diarmuid Cléirech Ó Briain 1311–1313||  || Son of Donnchadh mac Brian Ruadh Ó Briain ||unknown || 1313
|-
| Donnchadh mac Domhnall Ó Briain 1313–1317 ||  || Son of Domhnall mac Brian Ruadh Ó Briain and Mairéad Nic Mathghamhna||unknown || 1317
|-
|}

Ó Briain Clann Tadhg, 1317-1343

|-
| Muircheartach Ó Briain 1317–1343 ||  || Son of Toirdhealbhach Mór Ó Briain||Éadaoin Nic GormáinSeveral children || 1343
|-
|}

Ó Briain Clann Briain Ruadh, 1343-1350

|-
| Brian Bán Ó Briain 1343–1350 ||  || Son of Domhnall mac Brian Ruadh Ó Briain and Mairéad Nic Mathghamhna||unknown || 1350
|-
|}

Ó Briain Clann Tadhg, 1350-1543

|-
| Diarmuid mac Toirdelbach Ó Briain 1350–1360 ||  || Son of Toirdelbach Ó Briain||unknown || 1360
|-
| Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain 1360–1369 ||  || Son of Muircheartach Ó Briain and Éadaoin Nic Gormáin||Úna Ní ConchubhairSeveral children|| 1369
|-
| Brian Sreamhach Ó Briain 1369–1400 ||  || Son of Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain and Úna Ní Conchubhair||Sláine Nic Con MaraSeveral children || 1400
|-
| Toirdelbhach Maol Ó Briain 1375–1398(claimant) ||  || Son of Muircheartach Ó Briain and Éadaoin Nic Gormáin||unknown || 1398
|-
| Conchobhar mac Mathghamhna Ó Briain 1400–1426 ||  || Son of Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain and Úna Ní Conchubhair||unknown || 1426
|-
| Tadhg an Glemore Ó Briain 1426–1438 ||  || Son of Brian Sreamhach Ó Briain and Sláine Nic Con Mara||unknown || 1438
|-
| Mathghamhain Dall Ó Briain 1438–1444 ||  || Son of Brian Sreamhach Ó Briain and Sláine Nic Con Mara||unknown || 1444
|-
| Toirdhealbhach Bóg Ó Briain 1444–1459 ||  || Son of Brian Sreamhach Ó Briain and Sláine Nic Con Mara||Catherine BurkeSeveral children || 1459
|-
| Tadhg an Chomhaid Ó Briain 1459–1466 ||  || Son of Toirdhealbhach Bóg Ó Briain and Catherine Burke||Annabella BurkeSeveral children || 1466
|-
| Donnchadh mac Mathghamhna Ó Briain 1459–1461(claimant) ||  || Son of Mathghamhain Dall Ó Briain||unknown || 1461
|-
| Conchobhar na Srona Ó Briain 1466–1496 ||  || Son of Toirdhealbhach Bóg Ó Briain||unknown || 1496
|-
| Toirdelbhach Óg Ó Briain 1496–1498 ||  || Son of Toirdhealbhach Bóg Ó Briain and Catherine Burke||unknown || 1498
|-
| Toirdhealbhach Donn Ó Briain 1498–1528 ||  || Son of Tadhg an Chomhaid Ó Briain and Annabella Burke||Raghnailt Nic Con MaraSeveral childrenJoan FitzMauriceSeveral children || 1528
|-
| Conchobhar mac Toirdhealbaig Ó Briain 1528–1539 ||  || Son of Toirdelbhach Donn Ó Briain and Raghnailt Mac Con Mara||unknown || 1539
|-
| Murchadh Carrach Ó Briain 1539–1543 ||   || Son of Toirdelbhach Donn Ó Briain and Raghnait MacNamara||Eleanor FitzGerald || 1551
|-
|}

Line of Kings

See also
 List of High Kings of Ireland
 List of kings of Munster
 List of kings of Desmond
 List of kings of Ulster
 List of kings of Leinster
 List of kings of Connacht
 List of kings of Mide

Notes

References

External links
Official Website of Clan O'Brien

O'Brien dynasty
Thomond

Dalcassians


The  are a group of 31 islands in the Seto Inland Sea of Okayama Prefecture. They are part of the city of Kasaoka.

The seven inhabited islands in the group are:
 Takashima Island 高島 (岡山県笠岡市)
 Shiraishi Island, 白石島
 Kitagi Island, 北木島
 Ōbi Island, 大飛島
 Kobi Island, 小飛島
 Manabeshima, 真鍋島
 Mushima Island (Okayama), 六島 (岡山県)

Archipelagoes of Japan
Islands of Okayama Prefecture
Islands of the Seto Inland Sea
Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean


"Couple Days Off" is a song performed by Huey Lewis and the News and released as a single from the album Hard at Play in 1991. The single peaked at No. 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 4 on the Canadian RPM Top Singles chart, and it reached the top 40 on the charts of Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. "Couple Days Off" was the band's final top-20 single on the Hot 100.

Track listings
US cassette single and Japanese mini-CD single
 "Couple Days Off" – 4:56
 "Time Ain't Money" – 4:46

7-inch and Australian cassette single
 "Couple Days Off" (short edit) – 3:15
 "Time Ain't Money" – 4:46

12-inch single
A1. "Couple Days Off" (LP version) – 4:57
B1. "Time Ain't Money" – 4:46
B2. "The Heart of Rock & Roll" – 5:01

CD single
 "Couple Days Off" (LP version) – 4:57
 "Time Ain't Money" – 4:46
 "The Heart of Rock & Roll" – 5:01
 "Couple Days Off" (short edit) – 3:15

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

Huey Lewis and the News songs
1991 singles
1991 songs
EMI America Records singles
Songs written by Chris Hayes (musician)
Songs written by Huey Lewis


Charge It 2 da Game is the second studio album by American rapper Silkk the Shocker, released February 17, 1998, as planned, on No Limit Records in the United States. The album was later certified Platinum by the RIAA on March 25, 1998

Charge It 2 Da Game debuted at #3 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums selling 245,000 copies in its 1st week.

Music
The album features guests 8Ball (rapper), Destiny's Child, Mystikal, Snoop Dogg, Mia X, C-Murder and Master P.
The entire album was produced by Beats By the Pound.

Reception
It was certified Platinum by the RIAA on March 25, 1998.
Two charting singles were released from the album, "Just Be Straight with Me" (featuring Master P and Destiny's Child), and "It Ain't My Fault" (featuring Mystikal).

Track listing

Personnel
Pen & Pixel - Cover art

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

See also
 List of number-one R&B albums of 1998 (U.S.)

References

1998 albums
Silkk the Shocker albums
No Limit Records albums
Priority Records albums
Gangsta rap albums by American artists


Brita Hazelius (later Johansson, January 22, 1909 – March 5, 1975) was a Swedish breaststroke swimmer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

She was born in Denmark and died in Gothenburg.

In 1928 she finished sixth in the 200 metre breaststroke event.

External links
profile

1909 births
1975 deaths
Olympic swimmers for Sweden
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
World record setters in swimming
Swedish female breaststroke swimmers


Dave Matthews and Tim Reynolds or Dave and Tim is a musical act composed of Dave Matthews, member of Dave Matthews Band, and Tim Reynolds, member of TR3 and Dave Matthews Band.

History

Matthews and Reynolds met in Charlottesville, Virginia, while Matthews was a bartender at Miller's.  Reynolds encouraged Matthews' musical growth. Matthews wanted to join Reynolds' band TR3, but Reynolds told him to form his own band.

Matthews went on to form Dave Matthews Band (DMB). Reynolds has occasionally joined the band in the studio, as on the albums Under the Table and Dreaming, Crash, Before These Crowded Streets, Big Whiskey and the GrooGrux King, Away from the World, Come Tomorrow and as a touring member of DMB.

By 1993, as a side project, Matthews and Reynolds performed several acoustic set shows, first on April 22, 1993.

From this point onward, they always played acoustic, and they always played every year together (with the exception of the following years: 2000, 2001 and 2002), whether as Dave and Tim, Matthews guesting with TR3, Reynolds guesting with Dave Matthews Band, or Matthews and Reynolds playing in the band Dave Matthews and Friends.

Discography

Live albums

DMBLive

Live Trax

Extended plays

Bonus Discs

See also
Dave Matthews
Tim Reynolds
Dave Matthews Band
TR3
Dave Matthews and Friends
Dave Matthews Band tours - includes tours of Dave Matthews and Tim Reynolds

References

Rock music duos
Dave Matthews
Musical groups established in 1993


Geertruida Christina "Truus" Baumeister (21 October 1907 – 25 December 2000) was a Dutch freestyle swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1931 European championships.

Swimming career
In 1928, Baumeister competed in the 400 m and 4 × 100 m events at the 1928 Summer Olympics. She was eliminated at 3rd place in the first heat of the 400 m freestyle. The Dutch team of Eva Smits, Maria Vierdag, Marie Braun and Baumeister came in a close third, but were disqualified because Baumeister had jumped to early in the water at her changeover. Baumeister made amends in 1931 when she and her team won gold in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1931 European championships, beating the closest competitors by six seconds.

Biography
She was born in Rotterdam as the daughter of Arnold Carl Theodor Baumeister and Geertruda Elisabeth Dielissen. In 1936-37 she worked as swimming pool attendant on the cruise ship Statendam and in October 1938 she married Johannes Hoftijzer, who was an engineer on the same ship. She emigrated with the name "Gertrude Hoftyzer" to the United States in December 1946, where she joined her husband who had taken residence on 78th Street in Brooklyn, New York, in May of that year. Hoftijzer died aged 69 in April 1968 in Rock Hill, New York, while Baumeister herself lived to the age of 93, and died on December 25, 2000, in Brooklyn.

References

1907 births
2000 deaths
Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Swimmers from Rotterdam
Dutch female freestyle swimmers
Dutch emigrants to the United States


The Delectable Country is an historical novel by the American writer Leland Baldwin (1897–1981) set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The Whiskey Rebellion is brewing in the 1790s as protagonist David Braddee, aged nineteen, pilots his foster father's keelboat to a difficult landing at the frontier town of Pittsburgh, after a trip up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers from New Orleans.

See also

Other novels that employ events of the Whiskey Rebellion:
 The Whiskey Rebels (2008)
 Wilderness Boy (1955)
 The Latimers (1898)

References

1939 American novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Fiction set in the 1790s


Branden John Durst (born January 15, 1980) is a former politician from Boise, Idaho. Durst represented Idaho's 18th Legislative District in the Idaho House of Representative from 2006 to 2010, and in the Idaho Senate from 2012 to 2013. He was the youngest member of the Idaho Senate. Durst switched parties in 2016 and registered as a Republican as of November 2020. Durst announced in January 2021 that he would be a Republican candidate for Idaho State Superintendent of Public Instruction. He ultimately placed second in the primary, earning about 34% of the vote (around 90,000 votes).

Personal life
Durst was born in Boise, Idaho in 1980. He grew up in south Ada County and attended public schools and was a third generation graduate of Boise High School.

Durst attended Pacific Lutheran University (PLU) as undergraduate where he earned a bachelor of arts degree in political science and a minor in communication.

After graduating from PLU, Durst attended graduate school at Kent State University and Claremont Graduate University where he studied public policy analysis and international political economy, respectively. He returned to Boise, and subsequently enrolled at Boise State University (BSU) where he earned a Master of Public Administration degree. While enrolled at BSU, Durst earned an academic scholarship from the Department of Public Policy and Administration and a research assistantship from the Department of Economics. In May 2022, Durst earned an Education Specialist (EdS) degree in Executive Educational Leadership, also from BSU.

Durst is married to his wife, Cheri and has four sons and a daughter. Durst works for the Idaho Freedom Foundation.

Idaho Legislature
In the Idaho Senate, Durst served as a member of the following committees:
 Agricultural Affairs
 Commerce and Human Resources
 Education

Durst was also a member of the joint Economic Outlook and Revenue Assessment Committee (EORAC).

As a member of the Idaho House of Representatives, Durst wrote the first law creating the Advanced Opportunities program along with legislative colleague Steven Thayn. Durst and Thayn wrote additional legislation expanding the program further while members of the state senate.

On November 20, 2013, Durst submitted his resignation from the Idaho Senate effective December 1, 2013, to Gov. Butch Otter. It was alleged by the press, but never verified, that Durst was splitting his time between Boise and the Seattle area, where his family had relocated. He was succeeded by Janie Ward-Engelking.

Elections

References

1980 births
Boise State University alumni
Republican Party members of the Idaho House of Representatives
Living people
Idaho state senators
Pacific Lutheran University alumni
Politicians from Boise, Idaho
Democratic Party members of the Idaho House of Representatives


Eva Anna Gijsberta Smits (26 October 1906, Amsterdam – 23 April 1992, Schagen) was a Dutch freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

In 1928 she was also a member of the Dutch relay team which was disqualified in the final of the 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay competition.

External links
profile

1906 births
1992 deaths
Dutch female freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands
Swimmers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Swimmers from Amsterdam
20th-century Dutch women
20th-century Dutch people


Bernisdale () is a small township, near the head of Loch Snizort Beag, Isle of Skye in the Highlands and Islands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

References

Populated places in the Isle of Skye


David Gerald Criscione (born September 2, 1951) is a former Major League Baseball catcher. He played seven games for the Baltimore Orioles in , going 3-for-9 at the plate.

Criscione hit just one major league home run, but it was a walk-off home run against the Milwaukee Brewers on July 25, 1977. After Andrés Mora pinch-hit for starting catcher Dave Skaggs in the bottom of the 9th inning, Billy Smith tied the game at 3-3 with a single. In the top of the 10th, Criscione entered the game on defense. With the score still tied 3-3 in the bottom of the 11th, Criscione came to bat against Sam Hinds of the Brewers with one out and homered to win the game.
Criscione later went on to be a long-time coach of the SUNY Fredonia Blue Devils, a Division III college baseball team near Buffalo, New York.

References

External links

Major League Baseball catchers
Baltimore Orioles players
Geneva Senators players
Anderson Senators players
Burlington Rangers players
Pittsfield Rangers players
Spokane Indians players
Sacramento Solons players
Rochester Red Wings players
Baseball players from New York (state)
1951 births
Living people
People from Dunkirk, New York
Sportspeople from Chautauqua County, New York


Jarmila Müllerová (later Suková, 24 February 1901 – 24 April 1944) was a Czech backstroke swimmer who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1924 Summer Olympics. She was born in České Budějovice and died in Prague. In 1924 she finished fifth in the 100 metre backstroke event.

References

External links
 profile

1901 births
1944 deaths
Czech female swimmers
Czechoslovak female swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Czechoslovakia
Swimmers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from České Budějovice


Shang archaeology is concerned with the archaeological evidence for the Chinese Shang dynasty. Choice of excavation sites and interpretation of finds have been heavily influenced by the textual historical record.

Excavation sites

The earliest and to-date most well known Shang site is Yinxu, near Anyang in Henan province. Work began in 1928 initially as an investigation of the source of oracle bones. It was carried out by a team from the new research organisation Academia Sinica, and directed by the Harvard-trained anthropologist Li Ji. Fifteen seasons of excavation were carried out at Anyang until 1937, when the Second Sino-Japanese War forced the archaeologists to evacuate. During that time, the Anyang excavators uncovered large pounded-earth (hangtu) architectural foundations, sacrificial burial cemeteries, and gigantic shaft tombs, not to mention caches of bronze vessels. Historians have come to associate the site with Yinxu, the traditional name of the Shang capital for the last twelve kings of the dynasty, starting with Pan Geng. Excavations at Anyang resumed in 1950, under the auspices of a new Institute of Archaeology, and a permanent field station was established there in 1958.

The successes at Anyang encouraged further archaeological efforts, awareness of which has been fostered by the State Bureau of Cultural Relics. In 1952, excavations at Erligang, near Zhengzhou, disclosed the remains of a walled city at least as large as Anyang, but from a demonstrably earlier period. Excavations were difficult, however, because the ancient city lay beneath the modern one.

The still older site of Erlitou, near Luoyang, was discovered in 1959 by a survey prospecting for Xia remains. The three sites of Erlitou, Erligang, and Anyang have been taken to provide a complete chronological sequence for the early Bronze Age in China.

There have also been other finds away from the Yellow River valley. A significant early achievement was the discovery of an Erligang-period city at Panlongcheng, not far from the Yangzi River. Further and more distinct finds surfaced later in the middle and lower Yangzi regions, including the Wucheng site in Jiangxi, suggesting local civilisations separate from those of the Yellow River region. This argument has grown stronger with the discoveries further afield – that of spectacular sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui, Sichuan in 1986, and of a rich tomb at Xingan, Jiangxi, in 1989.

Oracle bones

Oracle bones were first recognised for their true nature in 1898, and scholars have been labouring to decipher them ever since. They circulated among collectors and antique dealers, and to this day some 200,000 oracle bone fragments from the Xiaotun site in Anyang have been counted.

These inscriptions record the pyromantic divinations performed at the court of the Shang kings. The king or his diviners would address an oral "charge" to a specially prepared turtle plastron or cattle scapula while applying a hot poker or brand to produce a series of heat cracks in the shell or bone. They then interpreted these cracks as auspicious or inauspicious, after which engravers carved into the surface of the shell or bone the subject of the charge, sometimes the forecast, and less frequently the result.

Bronze metallurgy
Bronze has been left behind in China in quantities not comparable to anywhere else in the world. Both technologically and artistically, the metalworking tradition that arose in China is unlike any other in the world.

The technological feature which distinguishes Shang bronzes from those found elsewhere in the world is the technique of casting as opposed to hammering. Casting was a far more extravagant technique compared to hammering, and required both abundant mineral resources and organisation of labour.

The earliest evidence for bronze casting are the two dozen bronze vessels unearthed at Erlitou. Bronzes appear in much large quantities at Erligang, and show technological and artistic advances.

See also

 History of Chinese archaeology

Further reading

Archaeology of China
Archaeology


250 Richmond Street West is a studio complex in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The building now serves as the headquarters of iHeartRadio Canada's national radio operations of Bell Media, and as the studios of the company's Toronto radio stations, CHUM-FM (CHUM 104.5), CFRB (Newstalk 1010) and CKFM-FM (99.9 Virgin Radio).

The building previously served as the home of the Go Gos, Whiskey Saigon and Joe nightclubs.

The building is located at the corner of Richmond and Duncan Streets and is connected with 299 Queen Street West via offices at 260 Richmond Street West (former Tip Top Tailors warehouse, c 1914). The building is likely part of the 1924 addition to 260 Richmond. This complex is where Bell Media's speciality television channels such as the television operations of CP24, as well as Much, BNN, MuchMore, Bravo!, E! and Space are based as well as select CTV programming.

CHUM and CHUM-FM's previous headquarters were located at 1331 Yonge Street until CTV announced it would sell the building to developer Aspen Ridge Homes for $21.5 million in July 2008.  CTV also announced it would move the CHUM neon sign to the new complex, the sign was unveiled at its new location on June 15, 2009,  and the company's Toronto radio stations officially moved into the new complex on August 19, 2009.

The building also briefly served as home to rhythmic and classic hip hop station Flow 93.5 from February 2011 until after their sale to Newcap Radio on March 31, 2014. When Bell Canada acquired Astral Media they were required by the Competition Bureau to divest a number of certain assets. As a media company in Canada cannot own more than two FM and two AM English radio stations in any one market, Flow 93.5 was subsequently sold while NewsTalk 1010 and Virgin 99.9 were kept through the purchase of Astral. The studios for CFRB and CKFM-FM were previously located at 2 St. Clair Avenue at Yonge and St. Clair until these stations moved to the complex on May 10, 2014.

Until 2010, the building was also home to CHUM FM sister station, CHUM AM, both during its time as CP24 Radio 1050 and briefly in 2010 during the first few months operating as TSN 1050. Now, CHUM AM is primarily based at the 9 Channel Nine Court complex in the Agincourt neighbourhood of Scarborough, so its radio programs can be simulcast on TSN's television network.

References

External links
 Bell Media

Buildings and structures in Toronto
Bell Media
Radio studios in Canada


"Angels on the Moon" is a song written by Scott Jason and Clayton Stroope and recorded by their band, Thriving Ivory. It was released in March 2008 as the lead single from the re-release of the group's self-titled album, released on Wind-Up Records. The song was used on the debut of VH1's Scream Queens. It was originally recorded in 2002 for their self-titled album.

Content
The song was inspired by the September 11 attacks and there are many references to the city of New York in the song. Songwriter and keyboardist Scott Jason told Songfacts that "Angels on the Moon" was also inspired by the U2 song "Where The Streets Have No Name".

Music video
The video begins with the band performing at various part of San Francisco while getting faded and some scenes performing together in an alley and it ends with lead singer Clayton Stroope walking and singing. The video was released on June 2, 2008 and was directed by Christopher Sims.

Charts and sales

Peak positions

Certifications

References

2003 songs
2008 debut singles
Music about the September 11 attacks
Wind-up Records singles
Song recordings produced by Howard Benson


Bassman may refer to:

Fender Bassman, bass amplifier
1st Bassman, album by Paul Chambers

People
Bassman (surname)

See also
 Baseman (disambiguation), one of several fielding positions in softball and baseball


A.O. Mod. TV. Vers. is the second studio album by Australian rock band Spy vs Spy, produced by Leszek Karski (Boys Next Door, Midnight Oil, Nauts) and released through WEA in December 1986.

The title is an abbreviation of 'Adults Only Modified Television Version' which used to appear at the bottom of late night movies in Australia at the time. The album peaked at No. 12 on the Kent Music Report and went gold. For this album Spy vs Spy recorded as v. Spy v. Spy, and the line-up was the original trio Craig Bloxom on bass guitar/lead vocals, Cliff Grigg on drums/percussion and Mike Weiley on lead guitar/vocals.

The album provided three singles – "Don't Tear it Down" inspired by the Department of Main Roads seeking to demolish the band's Darling Street squat, "Sallie-Anne" about murdered prostitute/whistleblower Sallie-Anne Huckstepp and "Credit Cards" a commentary on spiralling debt and consumerism. "Don't Tear It Down" was the band's most successful single, peaking at No. 31 on the Kent Music Report of the Australian singles charts in February 1987, it stayed in the charts for 20 weeks and went platinum.

Background
Spy vs Spy had formed in 1981 in Sydney as a ska/pub rock band. Their line-up was the trio Craig Bloxom on bass guitar/lead vocals, Cliff Grigg on drums/percussion and Mike Weiley on lead guitar/vocals. They became known for tackling political issues including racism, homelessness and contemporary drug culture. By 1984 they were using the name v. Spy v. Spy to avoid legal problems with Mad magazine. They were signed to Midnight Oil's label Powderworks and managed by Oils manager, Gary Morris. Their first full-length album Harry's Reasons was released in February 1986.

Spy vs Spy switched labels to WEA in 1986 and released the single "Don't Tear it Down" in November 1986.

Track listing
All tracks written by Craig Bloxom, Michael Weiley, Cliff Grigg and G Vasicek (aka Gary Morris).

Personnel
v. Spy v. Spy members
 Craig Bloxom – bass guitar, vocals
 Cliff Grigg – drums, percussion
 Michael Weiley – lead guitar

Recording details
Producer – Leszek Karski
Engineer – David Hemming
Mixer – Hemming, Karski
Studio – Alberts Studio, Sydney

Charts

Release history

References

1986 albums
Warner Music Australasia albums
Spy vs Spy (Australian band) albums


Héctor Alejandro Daniel Rivera (born May 17, 1952 in Rosario, Santa Fe) is an Argentine pianist settled in Italy. He was awarded prizes at the 1973 Vincenzo Scaramuzza Competition in Buenos Aires (1st), 1974 Rina Sala Gallo, Monza (1st), 1974 Alessandro Casagrande, Terni (3rd), 1976 Concorso Busoni (2nd), 1975 International Ettore Pozzoli Piano Competition (1st), 1977 Cata Monti Competition, Trieste (1st), Dino Ciani Competition (2nd), 1981 Beethoven Competition in Vienna (3rd), 1984 Paloma O'Shea Competition (5th), and a special prize at the Liszt-Bartók Competition in Budapest.

Selected performance venues: Teatro Colón, Musikverein, National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine, Queen Elizabeth Hall.

External links
  transcription of Igor Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps.

References
  La Nación
  Concello de Ferrol
  Fondazione Concorso Pianistico Internationale Ferruccio Busoni
  International Ettore Pozzoli Piano Competition
  Internationaler Beethoven Klavier Wettbewerb Wien

Living people
1952 births
Argentine classical pianists
Prize-winners of the Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition
International Ettore Pozzoli Piano Competition prize-winners
21st-century classical pianists


The  are a group of 41 islands that belong to Yamaguchi and Ehime Prefectures in the Inland Sea. The largest by far is Suō-Ōshima, or Yashiro Island.

List of islands
The islands are categorized into the following groups:
 Heigun-tō, 平郡島
 Suō Oshima Islands
 Suō-Ōshima, or Yashiro Island
 Nasake-jima, 情島
 Okikamuro Island, # 沖家室島
 3 others
 5 in the Kumage group
 Kutsuna Islands (29)
 Nakashima Island (Ehime)
 Kuwaji Island, 津和地島
 Newaji Island, 怒和島
 Futakami Island, 二神島
 Muzuki Island, 睦月島
 Nogutsuna Island, 野忽那島
 Yuri Island, 由利島
 Tsurushi Island, 釣島 (uninhabited)
 Gogo Island, 興居島 (uninhabited)
 Hashima Island (Yamaguchi), 端島 (山口県) (uninhabited)
 Hashira Island, 柱島
 18 more uninhabited

References

Archipelagoes of Japan
Islands of Ehime Prefecture
Islands of Yamaguchi Prefecture
Japanese archipelago
Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean


Tatjana Radisic is a Serbian costume designer for theater and film.  Her work has been seen on stages throughout the country and internationally on screen.

She holds a double BFA  from Belgrade University in Fine and Applied Arts, and an MFA from Belgrade University in Costume Design. Ms. Radisic is Board of Directors member of ULUPUDS – Association of Applied Artists and Designers of Serbia. She is member of Supervisory Board at Film Center of Serbia. She is also a member of the "United Scenic Artists Local USA 829", IASTE, "Costume Society of America", USITT (Association of design, production and technology professionals in the entertainment industry), OISTAT "International Organization of Scenographers", "Theatre Architects and Technicians" and The Applied Artists and Designers Association of Serbia" as Independent Artist.

Theaters

Ms. Radisic's work has been seen in USA, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Ireland, Germany, Romania, and Tasmania-Australia. Her work includes groundbreaking experiments in costuming in her collaborations with Timișoara National Theatre, the Croatian National Theatre Rijeka, Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art, Atelje 212, Terazije Theatre, Belgrade Drama Theatre, Steppenwolf Theatre, the Goodman Theatre, Court Theatre (Chicago), Writers Theatre, Redmoon Theater, Drury Lane Theatre (Illinois), Blair Thomas and Co., 500 Clown, Hedwig Dances, Victory Gardens Theater, Northlight Theatre, Live Bait Theatre, American Theater Company, UMA Productions, Apple Tree Theatre, Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival, Creede Repertory Theatre Company, among others.

Films

Radisic's film  work includes the costume designs for Top je bio vreo, Eastalgia, Kad bude-bice, Nova, Gray In White And Black And Up On The Rope.

TV Series

Klan

Awards

Radisic has received numerous awards and recognitions including:
 2023  Award for costume design at the 59th Festival of Professional theatres of Serbia "Joakim Vujic"
 2019 Sterija award for Best Costume Design at 64th Sterijino Pozorje Festival, Novi Sad, Serbia
 2019 Award for Best Costume Design at 1st Festival of Balkan drama and theatre "Theatre at the crossroads", Nis, Serbia
 2018 Award for Best Costume Design at 23rd Yugoslav Theater Festival, Uzice, Serbia
 2018 The Great Prize of Serbia for Applied Art and Design for 2016
 2017 Terazije Theatre – Annual Award for Costume Design in musical "The Phantom of the Opera"
 2017 Award for Best Costume Design at 67th Festival of Professional Theatres of Vojvodina
 Award for Best Set Design at 52nd Festival of Professional Theatres of Serbia "Joakim Vujic"
 2016 Award for Best Costume Design at 66th Festival of Professional Theatres of Vojvodina
 2015 Annual Award for Costume Design by Association of Applied Arts Artists and Designers of Serbia (ULUPUDS)
 Award for Best Costume Design at SOFEST|Sopot International Film Festival
 2013 Association of Applied Arts Artists and Designers of Serbia (ULUPUDS) award for outstanding contributions to the art and culture of Serbia
 2013 Best Costume Design at 'Comedy Days' Theatrical Festival in Jagodina
 2013 Belgrade Drama Theatre Award for Artistic Contribution
 2008, 2009 and 2010Joseph Jefferson Award Nominations for Best Costume Design
 2006 Best Costumes in for "The Duches of Malfi" at Writers Theatre by Sun-Times News Group
 2005 Changing Worlds Award Nominations for Arts
 2000 Award for Best Costume Design at Festival of Professional Theatres of Vojvodina
 1999 First prize of Association of Applied Arts Artists of Serbia at exhibition "Diploma 1999"
 Tatjana was named one of the Fifty Leading Players In Chicago Theatre by New City Magazine and has been featured in Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, PerformInk and on many TV appearances and radio broadcasts

References

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-2F-rDHou8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIIwPNW2IIw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZowYkAzpKXs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMNk0JO16j4
http://vimeo.com/77679058
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYsYiaMVkzc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uotK7RNQyWg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YGjjkVVOek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkSMwKFKbyw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADsJHvCEoD0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp4ddByKcNg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcFMF8mOLr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHjf8cg7obk
http://www.graywhiteblackfilm.com/the_choice/html/trailer.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTlR-3IU4l0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxbomxLqgpk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgaCujQX19c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwFfdTAaShw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1HaZJNinJI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHsnDN96XjM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeRCj7vsMa4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut12eIXloIY

External links
Tatjana Radisic's official website
Tatjana Radisic – IMDb

1973 births
Living people
Costume designers
University of Belgrade alumni
People from Kikinda


Wrath Tour was a concert tour by American heavy metal band Lamb of God in support of the group's sixth studio album, Wrath, which was released in February 2009.

The tour began in November 2008 with a headline date in the band's hometown of Richmond, Virginia. The following month, the band toured North America as the main support act to Metallica on their World Magnetic Tour. The group met controversy when they were banned from playing at The Forum in Inglewood, California, where Metallica were booked for two dates. Faithful Central Bible Church, the owners of The Forum, refused to let the group perform after they had learned the band formerly went by the name "Burn the Priest". This was the second occasion Lamb of God ran into a dispute with the venue; the group were previously banned from performing in 2005 while supporting Slipknot on their Subliminal Verses Tour. The group announced shows in outlying cities in lieu of the ban.

In February 2009, the band toured Europe; a number of the U.K. dates were part of a package tour sponsored by Metal Hammer dubbed "Defenders of the Faith" featuring Dimmu Borgir as co-headliners. The group then toured Australia through March as part of the Soundwave Festival, which was headlined by Nine Inch Nails and Alice in Chains. In April 2009, the group began a headlining North American tour, sponsored by No Fear Energy. The leg began in Phoenix, Arizona and wrapped up mid-May in North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. In July 2009, during a European summer tour, guitarist Mark Morton exited the tour prior to the final six dates as he and his wife were expecting their first child. Morton was replaced by Buz McGrath of Unearth for the remaining summer dates, and Doc Coyle of God Forbid for.the first three weeks of a fall North American leg. Morton eventually rejoined the group in October in Tampa, Florida.

The show in Prague at Abaton on May 24, 2010 was the subject of manslaughter charges against vocalist Randy Blythe in 2012 and 2013. The court eventually ruled that Blythe was not criminally liable and acquitted him on March 5, 2013.

Tour dates

 1^ Date supporting Metallica.
 2^ Date part of the "Metal Hammer: Defenders of the Faith" tour featuring co-headliners Dimmu Borgir.
 3^ Headline date; non-festival appearance.
 4^ Date featuring co-headliners In Flames.
 5^ Date featuring co-headliners Testament.

 Canceled dates

Support acts
 3 Inches of Blood (December 10, 2008; July 7, 8, 12, 19 and 29, 2010; August 9 and 15, 2010)
 As I Lay Dying (April 2 – May 15, 2009)
 August Burns Red (February 8 – March 12, 2010)
 Between the Buried and Me (February 8 – March 12, 2010)
 Children of Bodom (April 2 – May 8, 2009)
 DevilDriver (December 11–18, 2009)
 God Forbid (April 2 – May 15, 2009)
 Gwar (September 21 – November 7, 2009)
 Hatebreed (July 7, 8, 12, 19 and 29, 2010; August 9 and 15, 2010)
 High on Fire (December 11–18, 2009)
 The Faceless (December 9, 11, 16–19, 2008)
 Five Finger Death Punch (February 8–17, 2009)
 In Flames (February 23 and 24, 2009)
 Job for a Cowboy (December 16 and 18, 2008; September 21–27, 2009; October 29 – November 7, 2009; February 9 – March 12, 2010)
 Municipal Waste (November 24, 2008; April 2 – May 15, 2009)
 Shadows Fall (December 9–18, 2009)
 The Sword (December 6, 9–11 and 19, 2008)
 Subtract (December 9, 2009)
 Unearth (February 11–15, 2009; March 4–6, 2009)

References

Lamb of God (band) concert tours
2008 concert tours
2009 concert tours
2010 concert tours


Kaleidoscope at the Hub was an indoor mall in downtown Des Moines, Iowa. It was patronized by many of the more than 70,000 workers in the business district who visited the food courts during lunch hour. The Hub was accessible from the skywalk or from the ground level. It was in close proximity to many Des Moines attractions including the East Village and Wells Fargo Arena. Free WIFI was also available within the Hub to all visitors.

Restaurants
Many people who work downtown frequented the restaurants at the Hub. Those included Burger King, Bruegger's, Palmer's Deli and Market. These restaurants, except Burger King remain open in the western end.

Replacement
In May 2018, it was announced that Blackbird Investments plans to demolish the Kaleidoscope. The majority of the Hub will be vacated and then removed in February 2019 to make room for a 33-story skyscraper. The mall is mostly vacant and this project hopes to revitalize the area. West of 6th St. is planned to remain.

In February 2023 the mall was boarded up in preparation of its demolition. The building was gutted in April, and it is estimated that by July and August of the same year it will be fully demolished. The project was delayed for several years due to a lawsuit on another property and the COVID-19 pandemic. The skyscraper on the property, 515 Walnut Tower, is expected to be completed in 2025.

External links
Facebook Page
Profile on City-Data.

Defunct shopping malls in the United States
Shopping malls in Iowa
Companies based in Iowa
Des Moines, Iowa


The following is a list of collaborations performed by Belgian world music singer Natacha Atlas and other music artists.

Collaborations

References

External links
Official website

Collaborations
Atlas, Natacha


Ransart may refer to:
 Ransart, Belgium, a former Belgian municipality and now part of the city of Charleroi
 Ransart, Pas-de-Calais, a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in France


Coming Home is a novel by the American writer Lester Cohen (1901–1963) set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

It tells the story of Joe and Stella. He is back from serving in the U.S. Army during World War II, and together with Stella and their baby, they battle against a steel tycoon, a ward heeler, and a corrupt police force in America's steel city.

The book was reissued in the 1950s under the title Stella and Joe.

References

1945 American novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Viking Press books