SavaCentre was a chain of 13 hypermarkets and later a further seven discount supermarkets owned and operated jointly by Sainsbury's and BHS, beginning in 1977. Sainsbury's later took full control of the stores alone in 1989, rebranding them as Sainsbury's SavaCentre, until 2005 when the stores were integrated into the Sainsbury's supermarket brand. The hypermarket stores ranged in size from  to  and the discount supermarkets ranged in size from  to . At the time of its inception, it was the only dedicated hypermarket chain in the UK.

History

The initial idea
In the 1970s, the then chairman and chief executive of Sainsbury's, John Davan Sainsbury (later Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover), realised the threat from the emergence of hypermarkets, such as those being built by the French retailer Carrefour. The initial response by Sainsbury's was a 50:50 joint enterprise with British Home Stores, set up on 9 December 1975 as Sabre Hypermarkets Limited, which was changed to Savacentre Limited on 31 December 1976.

These stores carried the complete range of Sainsbury's and British Home Stores products along with electrical goods like refrigerators, washing machines, audio and TV equipment. Typical counters included delicatessen and fresh fish counters, an in-store bakery, a restaurant and half the stores' sales areas were devoted to textiles, electrical goods and hardware. The stores also featured a petrol filling station and some stores had over 1,000 car parking spaces. Following Sainsbury's launch of its home improvements venture, Homebase, in 1981, home and gardening products featured in SavaCentre stores. Following the 1986 merger between Habitat, Mothercare and British Home Stores to create Storehouse plc, baby care products were also sold in SavaCentre stores.

The first stores open
The first SavaCentre opened at The Galleries, Washington, Tyne and Wear, on 15 November 1977, with  of sales area, and the slogan "The store with more for less.". This store was extended by a further  to  in 1986. On 17 October 1978, the second SavaCentre opened at the Hempstead Valley Shopping Centre in Kent. At the opposite end of the Hempstead Valley Shopping Centre a Presto opened, which later became a Safeway store. Following Sainsbury's buyout of Storehouse plc's 50% stake in SavaCentre in 1989, the British Home Stores branch was located in the former Safeway store, following Safeway's 2004 acquisition by Morrisons.

The number of SavaCentres grew slowly during the 1980s. In March 1980, the third SavaCentre opened adjacent to the Eastgate Shopping Centre in Basildon with  of sales area, but this store was sold to Asda in 2004. In October 1980, a fourth SavaCentre opened in Oldbury, West Midlands. In September 1981, the Calcot SavaCentre, opened in Reading, and this store was used in the SavaCentre TV adverts in 1983. The Calcot SavaCentre was further extended by  in the 1990/91 financial year, but when the store was rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005, the extension was sold off to Next with other shops Sports Direct, Dunelm and Boots.

In 1984, SavaCentre started trading in Scotland following the opening of a store in Cameron Toll, Edinburgh. At the time of building the Cameron Toll SavaCentre was Scotland's largest single level store. This store also had to compete with a smaller Safeway supermarket in the same shopping centre, until the Safeway branch closed down in 1997.

The store in Colliers Wood, London, Merton SavaCentre opened on 28 February 1989 with  of sales area, making it the largest hypermarket in the UK at the time of its opening. This store was later split up, with Sainsbury's taking  of the sales area. The remainder of the space was taken by Marks & Spencer in 2005, with the store exterior featuring branding of both companies. Due to having two major shops (not just Sainsbury's) this branch is often still known as the London Savacentre. The store was refurbished in 2019. As well as Sainsbury's and M&S, it hosts an Argos store (from 2018) and a Sainsbury's Fresh Kitchen (until 2022).

Becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of Sainsbury's

In March 1989, Sainsbury's bought out Storehouse plc's 50% share in the partnership for £123 million (valuing SavaCentre at £246 million in total or each of its then seven stores at £35.14 million each) and SavaCentre became a wholly owned subsidiary on 13 March 1989, in the last week of the financial year; the chain was rebranded "Sainsbury's SavaCentre".  Sainsbury's initially negotiated a long-term contract with Storehouse to continue to supply SavaCentre with clothing, domestic textiles, lighting and other non-food lines, although these products were gradually phased out following the launch of Sainsbury's 'Lifestyle' range of own brand clothes in 1991. This was rebranded as 'I-N-I-T-I-A-L-S' in September 1996. The Sainsbury's own-label clothing range is now branded 'Tu'. At the time Sainsbury's believed there was scope for significant expansion. The deal also allowed Sainsbury's to integrate the company more fully with its existing food retailing chain, whilst retaining a separate management structure.

Further expansion
London Colney SavaCentre, off Junction 22 of the M25 motorway in Hertfordshire, opened on 13 March 1990 with  of sales area, and at the time of its opening it also became the largest hypermarket in the UK. The London Colney hypermarket was so large that two-thirds of the sales space was devoted to non-food. This store was later split up, with Sainsbury's taking  of the sales area. The balance was sold off to Marks & Spencer, and the store was then rebranded as "Sainsbury's M&S" in 2005.

Cheadle SavaCentre opened in 1990 with the BHS store opening towards the car park. BHS Cheadle closed in 1994, following John Lewis' taking over BHS in the next year after closure of BHS.

The SavaCentre in Meadowhall Shopping Centre, Sheffield, opened in September 1990 with  of sales area. This store was originally rebranded as a Sainsbury's in 1999, but was closed and relocated to Crystal Peaks in 2006.

It was not until October 1993 that the tenth SavaCentre opened at Beckton in East London. This store became the smallest SavaCentre, with a sales area of . At the same time, a new concept store, with  of sales area, was opened adjacent to the SavaCentre. This store was based on a club warehouse type format, and was branded as "Bulksava". This format was not a success and the Bulksava branch closed down a year later.

In August 1995, the London Sydenham SavaCentre opened with a sales area of . Also in 1995, the Stockton-on-Tees SavaCentre opened, with  of sales area, which was a former North Eastern Co-op store, and was later sold to Tesco in 2003. In 1997 a SavaCentre opened in the White Rose Centre, off the M62 motorway, in Morley, West Yorkshire, in Leeds, with  of sales area. When this store was rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005, the sales area was cut to .

A fourteenth SavaCentre hypermarket planned for Braehead in Renfrew, Scotland, was also due to open in 1997. This store opened in 1999 before moving to a larger  in the same complex in 2009.

A fifteenth SavaCentre hypermarket was planned for Romford, East London, but this store also only eventually opened as a large Sainsbury's.

1990s store formats strategy
During the 1990s, Sainsbury's continued to build around 20 new freehold supermarkets of around  a year. Sainsbury's argued that customers would rather experience a full grocery offer which was not compromised by non-food. With stores of SavaCentre size, not only could the full range of Sainsbury's grocery products be sold, but a further sales area of equivalent size could be devoted to non-food. SavaCentre was still only a small part of the group, and did not make a significant contribution to the Group in comparison to Sainsbury's Supermarkets.

This came at a time when arch-rival Tesco was not only matching the Sainsbury's store portfolio, but also exceeding them in terms of store size. Tesco mimicked the Sainsbury's SavaCentre format, and launched its own Tesco Extra version only as recently as 1997, which was 20 years later than Sainsbury's. Tesco pursued an aggressive expansion of its hypermarket format, converting existing stores through extensions, and paying high prices for larger pieces of land to build new ones. Although Tesco Extras or ASDA Supercentres now dominate the hypermarket format, it was Sainsbury's who pioneered the modern hypermarket.

Launching a strategic review of SavaCentre
On 2 August 1997, Sainsbury's decided to launch a strategic review of its SavaCentre hypermarket format with the help of Coopers and Lybrand. The review concluded that to offer both the full Sainsbury's food offer and a comprehensive non-food offer, stores would have to have sales areas of at least . Obtaining planning permission for stores of these sizes in out-of-town locations was difficult, and there was also stiff competition from specialist non-food retailers at the time.

It was therefore decided that the traditional SavaCentre hypermarket format would be scrapped, and the existing SavaCentre stores would be remodelled to look like a very large Sainsbury's Supermarket, concentrating on fresh foods and home meal replacements. Under the new format, DIY and gardening products, lighting, TVs and vacuum cleaners were to be removed. It was also decided that the SavaCentre name would be re-branded as "Sainsbury's Savacentre", to emphasise that the company was now a wholly owned subsidiary of Sainsbury's.

In August 1998, the Calcot SavaCentre was the first to be remodelled to provide a greater emphasis on food, with the food to non-food ratio changing from 60:40 to 80:20. Non-food was based around four areas: Celebration – for party ideas; Indulgence – for beauty products; Baby and Toddler; and Cookshop. The refurbishment cost £26m. The store director from 1996 to 2002 was Chris Diplock. The chairman of Savacentre Ian Coull, MD Jack O'Brien and other board members all resigned.

The plan was to roll out the format, which was trialled at the Calcot SavaCentre, to the other 12 SavaCentres over the next three years. This format was not a success and the Calcot SavaCentre became the only hypermarket to be remodelled in this format. The Calcot SavaCentre was downsized and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005, but following a further refurbishment in 2008, a number of the products removed in the 1998 revamp were reintroduced.

Launch of discount supermarkets
On 29 May 2002, Sainsbury's announced that it would be extending the SavaCentre format to include discount supermarkets, under the "Sainsbury's savacentre" brand name, with the slogan "Making Life Taste Better For Less". These stores were aimed at family shoppers with a much stronger emphasis on Economy ranges than a core Sainsbury's Supermarket. These stores would range in size from  to  of sales area, with a third of the space devoted to non-food. The plan was to launch 90 of these discount supermarkets in total, after the successful launch of six trial stores.

Only eight discount supermarkets were opened in total. The first store, with a sales area of , opened in Northfield, Birmingham on 30 May 2002. Further stores were opened in Wigan, on 17 August 2002; Ashton-under-Lyne, Wednesfield, Wolverhampton, in 2002; Knotty Ash, Liverpool, on 1 March 2003; Stoke-on-Trent, on 18 March 2003; and stores in Bolton and Grimsby both opened on 27 March 2003.

This format was not a success and all eight stores have since reverted to the core Sainsbury's brand.

Disappearance
In April 1999, the Sainsbury's SavaCentre Head Office in Wokingham, Berkshire closed down and the administration moved to Sainsbury's Blackfriars headquarters in London. The Wokingham Head Office was originally opened in 1982.

At the same time, SavaCentre hypermarkets were integrated into Sainsbury's new "Large Store Formats Group", as Sainsbury's largest store format, a position it held until September 2010.

As a result of the 'Making Sainsbury's Great Again' recovery plan by chief executive Justin King, revealed on 19 October 2004, it was announced that the Sainsbury's SavaCentre concept would be scrapped, and would be integrated under the main Sainsbury's brand. It is believed that the SavaCentre brand name was scrapped because the SavaCentre format had had mixed success over the years, and it left the option for Sainsbury's to launch a substantial non-food offer in its heritage supermarket estate, under its own brand, in the future.

10 of the 13 former SavaCentre hypermarkets now trade as Sainsbury's, and all seven of the former Sainsbury's SavaCentre discount supermarkets now trade as Sainsbury's. The former SavaCentres in London Colney and Colliers Wood, Merton are now joint-ventures with Marks & Spencer, and have the external fascia 'Sainsbury's M&S'. The Meadowhall, Sheffield branch of SavaCentre was converted into a Sainsbury's supermarket store in 1999 and closed in 2005. At the same time as Meadowhall closed, in 2006, a replacement opened south of the city at Crystal Peaks. A number of the other SavaCentres were downsized, leaving the London Sydenham SavaCentre store the largest Sainsbury's store in the country until September 2010.

Beyond the SavaCentre format
In 2008, the London Sydenham and Oldbury SavaCentres were remodelled to trial a launch of a  non-food offer. This was the first major attempt by Sainsbury's to launch its own substantial non-food offer since the launch of the "Lifestyle" clothing range in 1991. An extended range of Homewares, Bedding and Kitchenware launched under the TU brand, previously used only for Clothing. This format became a success, and later in 2008 Sainsbury's announced that it was going to extend as many as 100 existing Sainsbury's Supermarkets to SavaCentre store sizes of  of sales area or more by 2014, to carry the new non-food offer trialled in the London Sydenham and Oldbury SavaCentres. For example, the Hayes, Middlesex branch was extended from  to  in sales area in November 2008. The Kempshott, Basingstoke branch was extended to  of sales area and was both opened and reopened by Life President Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover himself in November 1988 and 25 August 2010 respectively.

The largest format of Sainsbury's stores are now around 100,000 sq ft, launched from September 2010. These stores have sales areas of  or more with a 55:45 split between food and non-food. The first three stores of this format were launched in Crayford, Lincoln and Stanway, Essex between September and December 2010.

SavaCentre locations

Head offices
18 High Street, Theale, Berkshire 1975-82
 45/47 Peach Street, Wokingham, Berkshire (1982–1999)
 Stamford House, Stamford Street, Blackfriars, London (1999–2001)
 33 Holborn, London (2001–2005)

Hypermarkets

The Galleries, Washington, Tyne and Wear, opened 15 November 1977 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Hempstead Valley Shopping Centre, Hempstead, Kent, near Gillingham, Kent, opened 17 October 1978 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Basildon Town Centre, adjacent to the East Gate Shopping Centre, Essex, opened March 1980 and closed on 13 March 2004. Announcement of sale to Asda on 16 January 2004
Oldbury, West Midlands, near Birmingham, opened October 1980 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Calcot, Berkshire, near Reading, Berkshire, opened September 1981, extended in 1990/91, downsized and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Cameron Toll Shopping Centre, Cameron Toll, Edinburgh, Scotland, opened 1984 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Colliers Wood, Merton, South West London, opened 28 February 1989, split up into a Sainsbury's store in 2005 and a M&S store in 2008.
London Colney, near St Albans, Hertfordshire, opened 13 March 1990, split up into a Sainsbury's store and a M&S store in 2005
Meadowhall Shopping Centre, Sheffield, opened September 1990, rebranded as Sainsbury's in August 1999, closed and relocated to Crystal Peaks in 2006
Beckton, east London, opened October 1993 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Sydenham, South London, opened August 1995 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Stockton-on-Tees, opened 1995 and closed on 7 June 2003. Announcement of sale to Tesco on 22 April 2003
White Rose Shopping Centre, Leeds, opened 1997, downsized and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005

Discount supermarkets
Northfield, Birmingham, opened 30 May 2002
Wigan, Greater Manchester, opened 17 August 2002 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, opened August 2002
Wednesfield, Wolverhampton, opened 2002 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Knotty Ash, Liverpool, opened 1 March 2003 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, opened 18 March 2003 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Bolton, Greater Manchester, opened 27 March 2003 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005
Grimsby, Lincolnshire, opened 27 March 2003 and rebranded as Sainsbury's in 2005

References

Retail companies established in 1977
Retail companies disestablished in 2005
1977 establishments in the United Kingdom
2005 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Sainsbury's
Defunct supermarkets of the United Kingdom


Xaqani (also, Xəqani) is a village and municipality in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,922.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Mollacəlilli (known as Yeni Əlibayramlı until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,805.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Yeni Zod () is a village and municipality in the Goygol District of Azerbaijan. The village had an Armenian population before the exodus of Armenians from Azerbaijan after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

In 1989, the village became home to ethnic Azeri refugees from Sotk (Zod) in Armenia. The village became the new municipal seat known as Yeni Zod ("New Zod").

Toponymy
The village was known as Azad until 1999.

History
The village was a part of the Getashen subdistrict which participated in the Artsakh declaration of independence.

Demographics
The village has a population of 1,216.

References

Populated places in Goygol District
Former Armenian inhabited settlements


A quantum t-design is a probability distribution over either pure quantum states or unitary operators which can duplicate properties of the probability distribution over the Haar measure for polynomials of degree t or less. Specifically, the average of any polynomial function of degree t over the design is exactly the same as the average over Haar measure. Here the Haar measure is a uniform probability distribution over all quantum states or over all unitary operators. Quantum t-designs are so called because they are analogous to t-designs in classical statistics, which arose historically in connection with the problem of design of experiments.  Two particularly important types of t-designs in quantum mechanics are projective and unitary t-designs.

A spherical design is a collection of points on the unit sphere for which polynomials of bounded degree can be averaged over to obtain the same value that integrating over surface measure on the sphere gives. Spherical and projective t-designs derive their names from the works of Delsarte, Goethals, and Seidel in the late 1970s, but these objects played earlier roles in several branches of mathematics, including numerical integration and number theory. Particular examples of these objects have found uses in quantum information theory, quantum cryptography, and other related fields.

Unitary t-designs are analogous to spherical designs in that they reproduce the entire unitary group via a finite collection of unitary matrices. The theory of unitary 2-designs was developed in 2006  specifically to achieve a practical means of efficient and scalable randomized benchmarking to assess the errors in quantum computing operations, called gates. Since then unitary t-designs have been found useful in other areas of quantum computing and more broadly in quantum information theory and applied to problems as far reaching as the black hole information paradox. Unitary t-designs are especially relevant to randomization tasks in quantum computing since ideal operations are usually represented by unitary operators.

Motivation
In a d-dimensional Hilbert space when averaging over all quantum pure states the natural group is SU(d), the special unitary group of dimension d. The Haar measure is, by definition, the unique group-invariant measure, so it is used to average properties that are not unitarily invariant over all states, or over all unitaries.

A particularly widely used example of this is the spin  system. For this system the relevant group is SU(2) which is the group of all 2x2 unitary operators with determinant 1. Since every operator in SU(2) is a rotation of the Bloch sphere, the Haar measure for spin-1/2 particles is invariant under all rotations of the Bloch sphere. This implies that the Haar measure is the rotationally invariant measure on the Bloch sphere, which can be thought of as a constant density distribution over the surface of the sphere.

An important class of complex projective t-designs, are symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measures POVM's, which are complex projective 2-design. Since such 2-designs must have at least  elements, a SIC-POVM is a minimal sized complex projective 2-designs.

Spherical t-Designs
Complex projective t-designs have been studied in quantum information theory as quantum t-designs. These are closely related to spherical 2t-designs of vectors in the unit sphere in  which when naturally embedded in  give rise to complex projective t-designs.

Formally, we define a probability distribution over quantum states  to be a  complex projective t-design if

Here, the integral over states is taken over the Haar measure on the unit sphere in

Exact t-designs over quantum states cannot be distinguished from the uniform probability distribution over all states when using t copies of a state from the probability distribution. However in practice even t-designs may be difficult to compute. For this reason approximate t-designs are useful.

Approximate t-designs are most useful due to their ability to be efficiently implemented. i.e. it is possible to generate a quantum state  distributed according to the probability distribution  in  time.
This efficient construction also implies that the POVM of the operators  can be implemented in  time.

The technical definition of an approximate t-design is:

If

and

then  is an -approximate t-design.

It is possible, though perhaps inefficient, to find an -approximate t-design consisting of quantum pure states for a fixed t.

Construction
For convenience d is assumed to be a power of 2.

Using the fact that for any d there exists a set of  functions {0,...,d-1}  {0,...,d-1} such that for any distinct  {0,...,d-1} the image under f, where f is chosen at random from S, is exactly the uniform distribution over tuples of N elements of {0,...,d-1}.

Let  be drawn from the Haar measure. Let  be the probability distribution of  and let . Finally let  be drawn from P. If we define  with probability  and  with probability  then:
 for odd j and  for even j.

Using this and Gaussian quadrature we can construct  so that  is an approximate t-design.

Unitary t-Designs

Unitary t-designs are analogous to spherical designs in that they reproduce the entire unitary group via a finite collection of unitary matrices. The theory of unitary 2-designs was developed in 2006  specifically to achieve a practical means of efficient and scalable randomized benchmarking to assess the errors in quantum computing operations, called gates. Since then unitary t-designs have been found useful in other areas of quantum computing and more broadly in quantum information theory and in fields as far reaching as black hole physics. Unitary t-designs are especially relevant to randomization tasks in quantum computing since ideal operations are usually represented by unitary operators.

Elements of a unitary t-design are elements of the unitary group, U(d), the group of  unitary matrices. A t-design of unitary operators will generate a t-design of states.

Suppose  is a unitary t-design (i.e. a set of unitary operators).  Then for any pure state  let .  Then  will always be a t-design for states.

Formally define a unitary t-design, X, if

Observe that the space linearly spanned by the matrices  over all choices of U is identical to the restriction  and  This observation leads to a conclusion about the duality between unitary designs and unitary codes.

Using the permutation maps it is possible to verify directly that a set of unitary matrices forms a t-design.

One direct result of this is that for any finite

With equality if and only if X is a t-design.

1 and 2-designs have been examined in some detail and absolute bounds for the dimension of X, |X|, have been derived.

Bounds for unitary designs
Define  as the set of functions homogeneous of degree t in  and homogeneous of degree t in , then if for every :

then X is a unitary t-design.

We further define the inner product for functions  and  on  as the average value of  as:

and  as the average value of  over any finite subset .

It follows that X is a unitary t-design if and only if .

From the above it is demonstrable that if X is a t-design then  is an absolute bound for the design.  This imposes an upper bound on the size of a unitary design. This bound is absolute meaning it depends only on the strength of the design or the degree of the code, and not the distances in the subset, X.

A unitary code is a finite subset of the unitary group in which a few inner product values occur between elements. Specifically, a unitary code is defined as a finite subset  if for all  in X  takes only distinct values.

It follows that  and if U and M are orthogonal:

See also

 Spherical design
 Equiangular lines
 Welch bounds

References

Quantum information science
Information theory
Quantum information theory


KAGH-FM (104.9 FM, "Today's Country 104.9") is a radio station licensed to serve Crossett, Arkansas, United States. The station is owned by Crossett Radio and licensed to Peggy S. Medlin's Ashley County Broadcasters, Inc.

The station airs a country music format. In addition to its usual music programming, KAGH-FM also airs St. Louis Cardinals baseball games and Arkansas Razorbacks football games.

The station was assigned the KAGH-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on March 16, 1967 according to the Northwest Arkansas Times.

References

External links
KAGH-FM official website
Crossett Radio

AGH-FM
Country radio stations in the United States
Ashley County, Arkansas
Radio stations established in 1979
1979 establishments in Arkansas


Fungible information is the information for which the means of encoding is not important. Classical information theorists and computer scientists are mainly concerned with information of this sort.
It is sometimes referred as speakable information.

References

Information theory


Şəhriyar (; ; , official name until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Goygol District of Azerbaijan. The village had an Armenian population before the exodus of Armenians from Azerbaijan after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Demographics
It has a population of 1,114..

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Göyçəkənd (also, Gəyçəkənd, known as Oktyabr until 1999) is a village and municipality in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 683.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Kərəmli (; ) is a village and municipality in the Goygol District of Azerbaijan. The village had an Armenian population before the exodus of Armenians from Azerbaijan after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Toponymy
The village was previously known as Qarakeşiş and 26 Bakı Komissarı adına.

Demographics
The village has a population of 382.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Qarabulaq (;  or ) is a village and municipality in the Goygol District of Azerbaijan on the recently asphalted lane between Chaykand and Sarisu. The village had an Armenian majority prior to the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and Operation Ring.

History
The Armenian population of the village was forcefully evicted by Soviet special forces during Operation Ring in 1991. The fact that the population was able to successfully flee is often attributed to the actions of Simon Achikgyozyan of the Arabo Detachment. Achikgyozyan died on 30 April 1991, defending the town by concentrating the fire from oncoming tanks against himself while the townspeople fled through the forests to safety. The Armenian population of the village was forcibly deported and now live as refugees in the Republic of Artsakh.

References

Populated places in Goygol District
Former Armenian inhabited settlements


The Handball events at the 1986 Asian Games were held in South Korea between September 23 and September 28, 1986. The competition included only men's event.

South Korea won the gold medal in a round robin competition, China finished second and won the silver medal while Japan won the bronze medal after beating Kuwait, Iran and Hong Kong.

Medalists

Results

Final standing

References
 Results

External links
 Asian Handball Federation

1986 Asian Games events
1986
Asian Games
1986 Asian Games


Üçbulaq (, ; , official name until 1999). is a village and municipality in the Goygol District of Azerbaijan. The village had an Armenian population before the exodus of Armenians from Azerbaijan after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Demographics
It has a population of 192.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


"Marcia Baïla" is a 1984 song recorded by the French duo Les Rita Mitsouko. It was the third single from their first album, Rita Mitsouko, and was released in April of that year. Dedicated to a dancer with the band who died in 1981, this song was a big hit both in France and abroad and can be considered as being one of the band's signature songs.

Background and writing
The song was composed by both members of the group, Catherine Ringer and Fred Chichin. It is a tribute to Argentine dancer and choreographer Marcia Moretto, who participated in the band's tours before her death from breast cancer in 1983 at the age of 36. With this song, the group enjoyed extensive media coverage; indeed, "the music video for the single [was] a success which result[ed] in repeated and enthusiastic broadcastings on the television, the extravagance of the group express[ing] itself as well in concerts as during its cathodic performances." Philippe Gautier directed the vibrant and widely viewed music video that accompanies the song, and gathered in a global concept representative of the arts of its time, Jean-Paul Gaultier and Thierry Mugler for the costumes and graffiti painters from the Figuration libre movement as well as Xavier Veilhan for the set design. Despite its Spanish title, the lyrics are in French.

Chart performance
In France, the song had a long chart trajectory, remaining on the Top 50 charts for 29 weeks. It debuted at #33 on April 27, 1985, and climbed regularly until it peaked at #2 for three consecutive weeks, but by note and curiosity, it was blocked by the song "Live is Life" by "Opus". In all, it spent 17 weeks in the Top Ten.  The song was Rita Mitsouko's first big hit and propelled them to considerable fame.

In the media and cover versions
The song can be heard in several films, including The Witnesses (produced by André Téchiné, 2007), La Tête de maman (Carine Tardieu, 2007), Le Pornographe (Bertrand Bonello, 2001), Belle Maman (Gabriel Aghion, 1999) and Sans toit ni loi (Agnès Varda, 1985).

The song is also a PAL region exclusive for Just Dance 3.

In 1997, the song was covered in Spanish by Los Del Sol. Gloria Lasso covered the song under the title "Baïlando con Marcia". In 1998, Ricky Martin covered the song on his album Vuelve, on which it features as the 11th track. Christer Björkman also made a version of the song, released as a single in 2002. The French band Nouvelle Vague covered this song for their fourth album Couleurs sur Paris, released in 2010.

Track listings
 7" single
 "Marcia Baïla" — 4:30
 "Jalousie" — 3:40

 12" maxi
 "Marcia Baïla" — 5:34
 "Jalousie" — 3:40
 "Marcia Baïla" (Instrumental) — 6:15

 U.K. 12" single
 "Marcia Baïla (Extended Version)" — 7:21
 "Marcia Baïla (Extended French Version)" — 5:55
 "Marcia Baïla (7" English Version)" — 4:30

 U.S. Sire Records 12" maxi
 "Marcia Baïla (English Version)" — 7:21
 "Marcia Baïla (French Version)" — 5:55
 "Jalousie" — 3:40
 "Marcia Baïla (Single Version)" — 4:09
 "Marcia Baïla (Instrumental)" — 6:15

 Canada 12" maxi
 "Marcia Baïla (Extended Version)" — 7:21
 "Andy (7" French Version)" — 4:15
 "Marcia Baïla (Extended French Version)" — 5:10
 "Andy (Extended French Version)" — 5:15

Remixes
Produced by Conny Plank and Les Rita Mitsouko
 Album Version — 5:35
 7" Version — 4:30
 Extended French Version/French Version — 5:55 (remixed by Dominique Blanc-Francard)
 Instrumental — 6:15 (remixed by Dominique Blanc-Francard)
 Re album version (1990) (remixed by Tony Visconti and Les Rita Mitsouko)

Produced by Ivan Ivan
 Extended Version/English Version — 7:21
 7" English Version — 4:30
 Single Version — 4:09

Charts

Certifications

References

External links

1985 singles
Les Rita Mitsouko songs
1984 songs
Virgin Records singles


The following is a list of tourist attractions on the Isle of Wight.

See also

 List of beaches of the Isle of Wight

Tourist attractions
Isle of Wight


Sextus Cocceius Anicius Faustus Paulinus (fl. 3rd century AD) was a Roman senator who was appointed suffect consul sometime before AD 260/268.

Biography
Probably either the son or nephew of Anicius Faustus Paulinus, suffect consul before AD 230, Faustus Paulinus was a member of the Patrician 3rd century gens Anicia. He was appointed suffect consul sometime before AD 260/268, and was the proconsular governor of Africa, most likely around AD 265/268, but it has been acknowledged that he may have filled the office sometime later, possibly between AD 276 and 285.

It has been speculated that he was possibly the father of Anicius Faustus Paulinus, the consul of AD 298.

Sources
 Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
 Mennen, Inge, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011)

References

3rd-century Romans
Imperial Roman consuls
Roman governors of Africa
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Cocceius Faustus Paulinus, Sextus
Anicius Faustus Paulinus, Sextus
Ancient Roman patricians


Dunmow railway station was a station serving Great Dunmow, Essex. The station was  from Bishop's Stortford on the Bishop's Stortford to Braintree branch line (Engineer's Line Reference BSB).

History
The railway line through Dunmow was built by the Bishop's Stortford, Dunmow and Braintree Railway (BSD&BR). The line, including Dunmow station, was opened on 22 February 1869, and on the same day the BSD&BR company was absorbed by the Great Eastern Railway.

Regular services ended on 3 March 1952, but the station was not formally closed to passengers until after August 1961. It closed to goods on 1 April 1969. The site and trackbed have been used for the B1256 Dunmow Bypass and no trace of the railway remains.

Route

References

Further reading

External links
 Dunmow station on navigable 1946 O. S. map

Disused railway stations in Essex
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1869
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1952
1869 establishments in England
Great Dunmow


Charles de Vaulx (31 October 1961 – 26 April 2021) was an American asset manager. He was chief investment officer, co-portfolio manager, and partner at International Value Advisers, LLC.

Background and history
Born in Morocco, de Vaulx earned a Master in Finance from Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Rouen, France. In January 1987, de Vaulx joined the SoGen Funds, a branch of Société Générale, working under Jean-Marie Eveillard as an analyst. In August 1996, de Vaulx became an associate portfolio manager. In 1999, Société Générale sold the SoGen Funds to Arnold and S. Bleichroeder Advisers and the funds were renamed First Eagle Funds. In January 2000, de Vaulx was made co-portfolio manager of four First Eagle funds and a number of institutional accounts. In December 2001 he and his colleague Jean-Marie Eveillard were awarded Morningstar's "International Stock Manager of the Year." De Vaulx was designated as the hand-picked successor to Eveillard who went on to retire in December 2004, making de Vaulx the lead portfolio manager in January 2005. Surprising the industry, de Vaulx left First Eagle, just weeks after winning another Morningstar award in December 2006 as the runner-up for "International Stock Manager of the Year." In 2008, de Vaulx joined International Value Advisers, and served as chief investment officer, co-portfolio manager, and partner.

In a 2019 interview with Morningstar, de Vaulx mentioned he had recently become a naturalized U.S. citizen.

In March 2021, International Value Advisers announced it would liquidate its funds and close up shop because its assets under management had collapsed from $20 billion to under $1 billion as a result of client redemptions, attributed in part to a generalized slump for the value investing strategies de Vaulx favored.

Death
On 26 April 2021, de Vaulx committed suicide by jumping from the 10th floor of the International Value Advisors office building. He is survived by his wife and their two children. He was 59.

References

External links
 CBS MoneyWatch.com

1960s births
2021 deaths
2021 suicides
Year of birth uncertain
20th-century French businesspeople
Chief investment officers
Suicides by jumping in New York City
21st-century French businesspeople


Qızılqaya is a village in the municipality of Goygol in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

External links

Populated places in Goygol District


Henri Collet (; 5 November 1885 – 23 November 1951) was a French composer and music critic who lived in Paris.

Biography
Born in Paris, Collet first studied at the Conservatory of Music at Bordeaux before going to Madrid to study Spanish literature with Ramón Menéndez Pidal and composition with Felipe Pedrell and Federico Olmeda. Later, teachers in Paris included Déodat de Séverac, Gabriel Fauré and Manuel de Falla. In 1907, he gave his first public recitals as a pianist in Burgos and Madrid. In 1913, he earned his doctorate at the university of Bordeaux with a study about musical mysticism in sixteenth-century Spain.

Besides composing and writing, Collet taught at the Institut d'études hispaniques and later at the Collège Chaptal. He received a number of awards including a silver medal from the Faculté de lettres of the university of Bordeaux (1908), the Prix Pierre Aubry (1913), and the composition prize of the city of Paris for his stage work La Chèvre d'or (1936).

Works
His music is marked by his admiration for Spanish culture – a result of his studies and travels over many years on Spain. In France, he contributed to the reputation of Spanish composers including Albéniz, Granados, Mompou, Nin and Turina. Today his music is seldom performed.

Collet is best remembered for his two 1920 articles in Comoedia in which he coined the term Les Six to designate a group of young composers at the Conservatoire de Paris.

Selected works
Stage
 Le Cabaret espagnol, ballet (1918)
 Godefroy, "bouffonnerie musicale" in 1 act, Op. 81
 Clavelitos (Danses gitanes), ballet, Op. 87 (1928)
 Cervantes à Alger, opera (1930)
 Los toreros, ballet-pantomime in 1 act, 7 scenes (1932)
 La Chèvre d'or, lyrical comedy (opera) (1936)
 El alcalde de Zalamea, opera (1946)

Orchestral
 Burgos, "poème" for violin and orchestra, Op. 30 (1912)
 Rapsodie Castillane for viola and orchestra (1923)
 Symphonie de l'Alhambra (1947)
 Concerto flamenco No. 1 for piano and orchestra (1946)
 Concerto flamenco No. 2 for violin and orchestra (1947)

Chamber
 Musique espagnole for violin and piano
 Primavera, berceuse for violin and piano (1921)
 Sonate Castillane for violin and piano (1921)
 Trio Castillan for violin, cello and piano (1925)
 Castellanas, "suite espaganole" for string quartet and piano, Op. 32
 Briviesca, poem for guitar, Op. 67

Piano
 El escorial, Poème symphonique, Op. 22
 Chants de Castille, Series I (1920)
 Chants de Castille, Series II, Op. 42 (1922)
 Danzas castellanas, Op.75 (1925)
 Alma española, Dance Music from Spain, Opp. 111–185

Vocal
 Cinq poèmes de Francis Jammes, Opp. 17–21 (1920)
 Quatre paysages for voice and piano, Opp. 56–59
 Siete canciones populares de Burgos, Op. 80

See also

 Les Six

Bibliography
 Chr. Le Bordays: "Henri Collet (1883–1951): Le Compositeur", in: Revue internationale de musique française, 26 June 1988, p. 99–110.
 Jacinthe Harbec, Nicole Paiement: Catalogue des oeuvres de Henri Collet (Montréal: Éditions St-Martin, 1998). .

External links

References

1885 births
1951 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century French male musicians
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French classical composers
French male classical composers
Les Six
Lycée Janson-de-Sailly teachers
Modernism
Musicians from Paris


Sərkar (also, Sərkarh) is a village in the municipality of Qırıqlı in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Aşağı Zurnabad is a village in the municipality of Zurnabad in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Firuzabad is a village in the municipality of Üçtəpə in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan. The city was established by Sassanian king, Khosrow II in the early 7th century.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Samedli () is a village in the municipality of Gushgara in the Goygol District of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


Quintus Anicius Faustus (fl. late 2nd century – early 3rd century AD) was a Roman military officer and senator who was appointed suffect consul in AD 198.

Biography
Born either in Uzappa in the province of Numidia, or in Praeneste in Italia, it has been speculated that Anicius Faustus was possibly the son of a Sextus Anicius Saturninus and Seia Maxima. A member of the third century gens Anicia and a novus homo, Faustus was appointed the Legatus Augusti pro praetore (or imperial governor) of the province of Numidia by the emperor Septimius Severus, a position he held from AD 197 – 201. During this time he built several defensive forts of the Limes Tripolitanus, in southern Numidia and in Tripolitania, in order to protect the province from the raids of nomadic tribes.

Anicius Faustus was appointed consul suffectus in absentia in AD 198, while serving in Numidia. This was followed by his posting as Legatus Augusti pro praetore of Moesia Superior, which he may have held from possibly AD 202 to 205. He then fell out of favour with Septimius Severus, and this continued through Caracalla’s reign, possibly due to his close working relationship with Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, who was executed for plotting to overthrow the Severan Dynasty. It wasn't until the reign of Macrinus that he returned to favour, with his appointment as the proconsular governor of Asia, succeeding Gaius Julius Asper, a post which he held for two consecutive years, from AD 217 to 219. His prorogation was made at the expense of the distinguished Marcus Aufidius Fronto, whom Macrinus wanted to humiliate.

Anicius Faustus is speculated to have married either a Vesia Rustica or a Sergia Paulla, daughter of Lucius Sergius Paullus, consul ordinary 168. He probably had at least one son, Quintus Anicius Faustus Paulinus, who was a suffect consul sometime before AD 230.

Sources
 Mennen, Inge, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011)
 Pat Southern, Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine, Routledge, 2001, , pp. 45, 295.

Notes

2nd-century Romans
3rd-century Romans
Faustus
Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
Roman governors of Asia
Roman governors of Upper Moesia
Roman legates
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown


Murray Albert Olmstead (September 4, 1926 – November 16, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs in the National Hockey League (NHL). Olmstead began his career with the Black Hawks in 1949. In December 1950, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens via Detroit. Olmstead had his best statistical years playing for Montreal, leading the league in assists in 1954–55 with 48, and setting a league record for assists with 56 the following season. During this time he frequently played on Montreal's top line with Jean Beliveau and Bernie Geoffrion. Olmstead was claimed in the 1958 NHL Intra-League Draft by the Toronto Maple Leafs, and played there until his retirement in 1962.

In the 1967–68 season, Olmstead served as coach of the expansion Oakland Seals. Olmstead played in the Stanley Cup Finals in 11 of his 14 seasons in the NHL, winning it five times. He won it four times with Montreal, in 1953, 1956, 1957, 1958, and once with Toronto, in 1962, which was his last season. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985.

Early life
Olmstead was born in Sceptre, Saskatchewan, a small village with a population of less than 200, in southwestern Saskatchewan. In 1944, at the age of 18, he moved to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, to play junior hockey. In his first year, Olmstead and the Moose Jaw Canucks challenged for the Memorial Cup, after finishing the playoffs with a 15–1 record. They were unsuccessful in the series against the St. Michael's Majors. Olmstead had 10 goals and eight assists in the 17 playoff games he played. He played another season in Moose Jaw, before being assigned to the Kansas City Pla-Mors of the United States Hockey League (USHL) by the Chicago Black Hawks.

Playing career

Chicago Black Hawks
Olmstead played three full seasons for Kansas City, and part of another, later in 1950, for the Milwaukee Sea Gulls. In the 1946–47 season, Olmstead joined the Pla-Mors, finishing the season with 42 points in 60 games. In 1948–49, the Canadiens, who had originally sponsored him and owned his rights, traded him to the Chicago Black Hawks. The same season, Olmstead made his NHL debut, called up after scoring 33 goals and 44 assists, for 77 points, in 52 games with the Pla-Mors. Debuting on Christmas Day 1948, he played nine games for the Black Hawks and collected two assists. Olmstead played the entire following season for the Black Hawks, appearing in 70 games and scoring 20 goals.

Olmstead split the 1950–51 season between four teams, playing for all but one of them. He began the season playing for the Black Hawks franchise, playing 15 games in the NHL and 12 in the USHL, for the Milwaukee Sea Gulls. On December 2, 1950, Olmstead, with Vic Stasiuk, was traded to the Detroit Red Wings, in exchange for Lee Fogolin and Steve Black.  On December 19, 1950, 17 days after the trade to Detroit, he was traded again, without ever suiting up for the Red Wings, to Montreal, for Leo Gravelle. Olmstead would never leave the NHL until his retirement in 1962, playing 39 games that season on a line with Maurice Richard and Elmer Lach, scoring 38 points. Olmstead also appeared in 11 playoff games, collecting six points, as the Canadiens lost the best-of-seven Stanley Cup Finals to the Toronto Maple Leafs in five games.

Montreal Canadiens
Olmstead and the Canadiens appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals again in the 1951–52 season, losing to the Detroit Red Wings; after recording 35 points in 69 regular season games, Olmstead was limited to an assist in 11 playoff games. In his third season with the Canadiens, Olmstead won the Stanley Cup for the first time. Earning 45 points in 69 games, he was named to the Second All-Star Team. In the last game of the season, Olmstead bodychecked Gordie Howe, stopping him from tying Maurice Richard's record of 50 goals in a season. Olmstead played all the 70 games in the next two seasons, scoring 52 and 58 points in the 1953–54 and 1954–55 seasons, respectively. The Canadiens lost to the Red Wings once more in the Stanley Cup Finals, in both seasons. In the 1954–55 season, Olmstead led the league in assists, with 48, as Montreal lost another Stanley Cup Finals to Detroit.

The 1955–56 season saw the start of Montreal's five consecutive Stanley Cup championships. In that season, Olmstead played on a line with Jean Béliveau and Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion. He set a record for assists, with 56, and also scored eight points in game, recording four goals and four assists, tying Rocket Richard's record. This record would be broken in 1976 by Darryl Sittler, who scored six goals and four assists, for ten points. As well as winning the Stanley Cup, Olmstead was again named to the Second All-Star Team.

Olmstead won two more Stanley Cups in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 seasons. After the conclusion of the 1957–58 seasons, doctors informed him that he had no strength left in his knees, and that he should contemplate retirement. As a result of this prognosis, the Canadiens left Olmstead unprotected in the Intra-League Draft, and he was claimed by Billy Reay, the head coach of the Canadiens' chief rival, the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Toronto Maple Leafs
Early in the 1958–59 season, Punch Imlach, the assistant general manager of the Leafs, fired Reay, installed himself as head coach, and appointed Olmstead as the playing assistant coach. This meant that while Imlach coached the team during games, Olmstead was in charge of the practices; however, Olmstead only lasted three months as assistant coach, resigning to devote more time to improving his play. The same season, the Leafs went on a long winning streak in order to qualify for the playoffs, but they lost to the Canadiens in the finals. After losing in the Finals the next season, and falling short of the Finals the next season, Olmstead won his fifth and final Stanley Cup in 1962, missing two months of the season with a broken shoulder, and being limited to only four out of the 12 playoff games.

Retirement
Following his fifth Stanley Cup win, with Toronto, the New York Rangers claimed Olmstead in the Intra-League Draft on June 4, 1962. This came as a surprise to Olmstead, who refused to report to the team. The Canadiens offered to acquire him from the Rangers, within a month; Olmstead demanded an immediate trade. Since no deal came, he retired at the age of 35. During his 14-year NHL career, Olmstead scored 181 goals and 421 assists, for 602 points; in the playoffs, he collected 59 points, in 115 games. In his 14 seasons, Olmstead appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals 11 times. He won five times, four of them with the Montreal Canadiens, and once with the Toronto Maple Leafs.

After retiring from playing, Olmstead attempted coaching. In the 1965–66 season, Olmstead coached the Vancouver Canucks, of the WHL; he finished with a 33–35–4 record, for a .486 winning percentage. In the 1967–68 season, Olmstead coached the expansion Oakland Seals, in the NHL. Olmstead did not last the full season, stepping aside after 64 games, having only won 11 games, with a .297 winning percentage.

Legacy
Known as "Dirty Bertie" because of his physical playing style, Olmstead was a power forward, making hard hits and winning battles in the corners. He was not a very good skater, and thus he had to compensate by bodychecking. Olmstead was not regularly involved in fights, but in the ones he participated, the majority were started with his hits.

Olmstead was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985. Olmstead, with his wife Nora, visited the town of Okotoks, Alberta on August 13, 2005, with the Stanley Cup. He had previously declined to spend a day with it, believing that it was being given to much older winners only because of the lockout. Olmstead also noted, at the end of the day, that he was happy to have the Stanley Cup again. Olmstead died at his home in High River, Alberta on November 16, 2015, due to complications from a stroke.

Career statistics

Coaching record

References

External links

1926 births
2015 deaths
California Golden Seals executives
California Golden Seals coaches
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Montreal Canadiens players
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players


Yeni Qızılca is a village in the municipality of Qızılca in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan.

References

Populated places in Goygol District


For the Greek statesman of this name, see Timoleon.

Timoleon (foaled in either 1813 or 1814, depending on source*), was an American Thoroughbred racehorse  and notable sire.

Background
A chestnut horse whose only marking was a small white star and standing 15 hands 3 inches high, Timoleon was bred by Benjamin Jones in Greensfield County, Virginia. He was described as "a red sorrel, with a star in his forehead, and no other mark. His limbs are clean and hoofs firm and deep. He is very stout and of great length and remarkable for the proximity of his hips to the point of his shoulder. The bridge of his nose, though bony, is too large for elegance; and his ears, when pricked, are too near a horizontal position agreeable to the notion of beauty; but a better moth, nostril, trottle or eye can't be found on any animal of the species...His form, his appearance, nay, everything about him, evince that he is genuine." He was by one of America's greatest foundation stallions and a  National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee,  Sir Archy.  Timoleon's dam was the Saltram mare (A24) (1801) by the imported British stallion, Saltram, from the Wildair mare (1795) by Syme's Wildair. In 1800, when Saltram was 20 years old he was imported to Virginia, then the heart of Thoroughbred breeding in the United States, by the Virginian "gentleman," William Lightfoot. Through this pedigree Timoleon combined the blood of the three Thoroughbred sirelines: Eclipse, Herod and Matchem.

Racing record
At three, Timoleon was purchased by William Wynn of Petersburg, Virginia who seems to have regretted his purchase because Timoleon was rapidly sold on to Robert R. Johnson.  Wynn then went through an immediate change of heart.  Ten days after selling the horse, he offered to buy him back for a thousand dollars more than his selling price, saying he was, "...superior to any race horse that ever turned a gravel on any race course in the United States". Of his racing career at age three, it is known that he won the colt purse at Petersburg in straight heats, covering the mile in 1:47 and 1:48, distancing the field in the second heat. Earlier that same day, he had won a half mile match against a Potomac colt. Later that same year, he lost the Post Stake at Petersburg to Reality, winning the first heat in 3:46 before losing the next two "for want of strength in the rider."

Timoleon was the "Pride of Virginia."  But racing so long ago, the actual statistics on his career on the track are hard to trace.  It seems he might have started 15 times and that he won 13 of those starts, which were over the then-usual distances of three or four miles.  It also seems he might have won all fifteen if he'd been entered in better form. Four of his wins were "walk-overs."  In his day if a horse like Timoleon was scheduled to compete but no horse could be found to challenge him, then he (or she) would be allowed to canter the course, winning the purse and the race.  It is certain he defeated some of the best horses of his time.  He defeated the two best daughters of Sir Archy: Reality and Lady Lightfoot, who were both highly regarded. The only horses that ever beat him were the aforementioned Reality and the highly regarded mare Transport.

His final race took place in February 1818.  He'd suffered with equine distemper (also called Strangles) a week before, was still entered, but had to be pulled up with respiratory problems, his second and last defeat.

Stud record
Timoleon then stood briefly at stud at the farm of Johnson and Wynn's stables in North Carolina.  In 1819 he was sold to Colonel David Dancy who took him first to General Hunter's plantation in Madison County, Alabama, and then, in 1829, to Nashville, Tennessee and one year later, to Charles City County, Virginia. He stood there for $50, compared to the $75 stud fee for Leviathan, then the most expensive stallion standing in America.

Timoleon proved to be a good sire, even if only by producing Boston who sired the outstanding sire Lexington. He also sired:
 Sally Walker, his best filly, was considered one of the best in her day
 Washington who defeated the great Henry
 Hotspur, a notable four-mile horse

He died in 1836, at the age of 23 years.

See also
List of leading Thoroughbred racehorses

References

 “The History of Thoroughbred Racing in America,” by William H.P. Robertson, Bonanza Books, New York
(*Australian Stud Book says 1814.  Bloodlines says 1813.)

External links
 Timoleon's pedigree and stats
List of Great racehorses

1814 racehorse births
1836 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Virginia
Racehorses trained in the United States
Byerley Turk sire line
Thoroughbred family A24


Easton Lodge railway station was located to the west of Great Dunmow, Essex, near Easton Lodge. The station on the Bishop's Stortford to Braintree branch line (Engineer's Line Reference BSB). The station closed in 1952, with the line being used for freight until it was closed in 1972.

It was described in the Railway Magazine:

The Earl of Warwick has also the pleasure of possessing a railway station of his own. It is attached to his Essex residence of Easton Lodge, and bears the same name as the house. Of course, it is on the line owned by the Great Eastern Railway, and a short distance from Dunmow. It is perhaps as much used as any really "private" station, for the Warwick family spend much time every year at Easton, and keep constant company there.

The station was built in 1895, significantly later than the rest of the line, and was funded by the Earl and Countess of Warwick at a cost of £140 plus £52 annually for 10 years for upkeep; they also allowed it to be used by the general public. It has now been demolished but the crossing keeper's cottage remains. The adjacent land is now a banana ripening depot.

Further reading

External links
 Easton Lodge station on navigable 1946 O. S. map

Disused railway stations in Essex
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1895
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1952


The 1975 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1975 NCAA Division I football season.  The team's head football coach was Ellis Rainsberger, in his first of three years at the helm of the Wildcats.  The Wildcats played their home games in KSU Stadium.  1975 saw the wildcats finish with a record of 3–8, and a dismal 0–7 record in Big Eight Conference play.

1975 was the first time in school history that the Wildcats were shut out three times in one season; the other time was in 1980.  The Wildcats were shut out by Texas A&M, Kansas, Nebraska.

Schedule

Roster

References

Kansas State
Kansas State Wildcats football seasons
Kansas State Wildcats football


"The House That Jack Built" is a song written by Bobby Lance and Fran Robbins. It was originally recorded by Thelma Jones and released on the Barry label earlier in 1968. That version did not make the U.S. charts.

Aretha Franklin released her version of the song in 1968, and this song reached No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Aretha Franklin recording
Later in 1968, was recorded and performed by Aretha Franklin.  The song reached No. 2 on the U.S. R&B chart and No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song's B-side, "I Say a Little Prayer", reached No. 3 on the U.S. R&B chart, No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 4 in the U.K. in 1968.

Charts

Weekly charts

Covers
 In 2012, Christine Anu covered the song on her album, Rewind: The Aretha Franklin Songbook.

References

1968 songs
1968 singles
Aretha Franklin songs
Atlantic Records singles
Soul songs


MV St Faith is a vehicle and passenger ferry operated by Wightlink on its route from Portsmouth to Fishbourne on the Isle of Wight. As with former sister ship , there were plans to increase St Faith′s capacity by extending her length by 12 metres. Entering service in 1990, St Faith is the second youngest of Wightlink's 'St Class' ships, after .  The name is taken from St Faith's Church, Cowes.

Incidents

Hitting hard
On 28 May 2010, it was reported that on arrival at Portsmouth, the St Faith collided heavily with the dock, injuring two passengers and causing minor damage. Following the accident the vessel was temporarily withdrawn from service and paramedics called as a precaution.

Breakdown in the middle of the Solent
On 28 February 2015 the St Faith suffered an engine failure in the middle of the Solent around 20 minutes into the 8am crossing to the Isle of Wight. The captain  decided to return to Portsmouth.  The tug  towed the 25-year-old ferry back to the Gunwharf Quays terminal. The crew switched to  to continue the service. After repairs, St Faith returned to service on 13 March 2015.

Mid-Solent Fire
On 19 January 2017 a fire broke out below the port side bridge wing of St Faith whilst mid-Solent in what was later identified as a cigarette bin. The blaze was swiftly dealt with by the crew. There were 65 people on board the ferry at the time of the incident but there were no casualties.

Two fire appliances from Ryde Fire Station were sent to the scene at Wightlink's Fishbourne ferry terminal alongside the Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service's Incident Support Unit from East Cowes. Bembridge Coastguard Rescue Team, the Isle of Wight Ambulance Service and Police also attended the incident.

References

External links
 Wightlink website - wightlink.co.uk

Ships of Wightlink
Ships built in Selby
1990 ships


Petran is a village and a former municipality in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Përmet. The population at the 2011 census was 1,622. The municipal unit consists of the villages Petran, Leshnicë, Leusë, Lipë, Qilarishtë, Badilonjë, Benjë-Novoselë, Delvinë, Kaludh, Lupckë, Gjinakar (Gjinkar), Ogdunan, Isgar, Lipivan-Trabozishtë, Tremisht and Bodar. There are a couple of restaurants that look out over the Vjosa river.

Demographics
The village of Lipë is inhabited by inhabitants whose mother tongue is Albanian.

Notable people
Stath Melani, Orthodox priest and participant in the Congress of Manastir, from Melan.

References

Sources

Former municipalities in Gjirokastër County
Administrative units of Përmet
Villages in Gjirokastër County


Najwa Barakat (; born 1966, in Beirut) is a Lebanese Arab novelist, journalist and film director.

Career
After achieving studies in theater (Beirut Fine Arts Institute) and cinema (French cinema Institution), she moves definitely to Paris where she works as a freelance journalist in a number of Arabic newspapers and magazines, and gathered the materials for several cultural programs produced by Radio France Internationale (RFI) and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). She also prepared the first fifteen episodes of the cultural program broadcast at Aljaz, and authored several movie scripts as well as directing several documentaries.

Najwa Barakat has published six novels (five in Arabic and one in French), most of which were published by Dar al-Adab in Beirut. Some of them have obtained awards and were translated into foreign languages, among which “The bus of good people” (1996), which received the "Prize of the best literary creation of the year", by the Lebanese Cultural Forum, Paris, in 1997, and was translated into French in 2002, under the title: "Le bus des gens bien" - Stock Publisher (La Cosmoplite). The novel in French, "La locataire du Pot de fer" (the tenant), published by L’Harmattan Publisher in Paris, played on theater in France, "Winner of the First Prize" at the Amateur Theatre Festival in Amiens, France . She also translated Les Carnets de Camus I – II – III into Arabic, published by Kalima and Dar Al-Adab, Summer 2010.

In 2003, the circuit Meaddle East- Goethe Institute choose her among several Lebanese writers to represent her country in the  MIDAD Project: city's teller.

In 2009, she set up "Mohtaraf how to write a novel - for literature, theater and cinema": a permanent workshop located in Beirut, which receives young and aspiring writers of all ages and from all Arab countries, not only in the narrative field, but also in theatrical and movie script writing. Certainly, a pioneering and innovative initiative in the Arab World.

Works
The Secret Language (loughat al-sirr)
Ya-Salâm
The Tenant
The Bus of Good People (Bâs el-awâdem)
The Life and Passion of Hamad (hayât wa alâm Hamad ibn Siléneh)
The Transducer (Al-muhawwel)

References

External links
Rawafed: documentary interview Najwa Barakat "first part". Alarabiya.net
Rawafed: documentary interview Najwa Barakat "second part". Alarabiya.net

1966 births
Living people
Lebanese novelists
Lebanese women writers
French–Arabic translators


Ape and Super-Ape () is a 1972 Dutch documentary film directed by Bert Haanstra. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

The film is also notable for featuring extensive documentary footage of the life of penguins on Antarctica 33 years before another documentary film, March of the Penguins (2005) focused on the same subject.

Overview
The film is a study of the differences and similarities between human and animal behaviour. The first part of the movie focuses on the behaviour of various animal species. The second half is about the behaviour of humans, often intercutting with footage of animal behaviour. In the original Dutch version writer Anton Koolhaas, who also wrote the script, provided the voice-over.

Haanstra had already shown interest in human and animal behaviour in his previous films, like Zoo (1961). Ape and Super-Ape analyzed these similarities on a much larger scale. In preparation for this documentary Haanstra and his camera crew traveled across the world for three years. They filmed animals and people in many different continents (Africa and Antarctica get extensive attention), while the well known Dutch ethnologist Gerard Baerendts was consulted for scientific advice.

Haanstra would later make two other documentaries about animals: Nationale parken... noodzaak (1978) and Chimps onder elkaar (1984).

References

External links
, posted by the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision

1972 films
1972 documentary films
1970s Dutch-language films
Dutch documentary films
Documentary films about nature
Films shot in South Africa
Films set in Antarctica
Documentary films about Africa
Documentary films about Antarctica
Films about apes
Films about penguins
Films set in zoos
Biographical documentary films
Anthropology documentary films
Films directed by Bert Haanstra


Mio Nishimaki (born July 17, 1987) is a female freestyle wrestler from Japan. She won a gold medal on 2008 FILA Wrestling World Championships in category -63 kg.

Awards
Tokyo Sports
Wrestling Special Award (2009)

References

 Profile on official FILA World Championships website

Japanese female sport wrestlers
1987 births
Living people
Wrestlers at the 2010 Asian Games

World Wrestling Championships medalists
Asian Games competitors for Japan
21st-century Japanese women


Çarçovë (also Çarshovë) is a village, a municipal unit and a former municipality in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania.

Name
In Greek the village is known as Τσαρτσόβ (Tsartsova) or Κεράσοβο/Kerasovo. In Aromanian it is known as Ciarshova.

Demographics
The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 918. The total number of registered citizens of Çarçovë is 2.969 as of 2019. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Përmet. The municipal unit consists of the villages Çarçovë, Vllaho-Psilloterë, Biovizhdë, Zhepë, Draçovë, Iliar-Munushtir, Strëmbec, Pëllumbar and Kanikol. The town of Çarçovë also has Greek and Aromanian communities. Two villages in the former municipality of Çarçovë are predominantly Greek speaking, in particular:  Biovizhdë and Vllaho-Psilloterë. In Biovizhdë there is a significant Aromanian minority population. Their presence was originally temporary, related to their transhumant lifestyle, before becoming permanent in the village. According to a 2014 report by the Albanian government, there were 245 ethnic Greeks in Vllaho-Psillotere and 200 in Biovizhde in the total number of registered citizens. Some Biovizhdë Aromanians have migrated to Albanian cities. In Vllaho-Psilloterë, three Muslim Albanian families used to live there with a single member from one family still remaining in the early 2010s.  Some Greek speakers also exist in the nearby villages of Zhepë and Draçovë.  The destroyed village of Mesarë located on the Albanian-Greek border was inhabited by Muslim Albanians.

Notable people
Hasan Tahsin Pasha, An Albanian Pasha from the now ruined village of Mesarë.

References

Administrative units of Përmet
Aromanian settlements in Albania
Former municipalities in Gjirokastër County
Greek communities in Albania
Villages in Gjirokastër County


Ross MacLachlan (born 1957) is an accomplished pianist living in Eastern Ontario near Kingston.  Specializing in ragtime, boogie and stride-piano styles, he has delighted live-music lovers with hundreds of performances while accompanied by other talented musicians including the likes of Gary Barratt, Patty Smith, Tim Roberts, Lynne Hanson, Nora Peterson and Spencer Evans.

He performed for Diana, Princess of Wales, on her visit to Kingston, Ontario in October 1991.

His music has been featured on several national radio broadcasts including the CBC Radio's The Vinyl Cafe with Stuart McLean.

Discography
Not Just Ragtime (Real Shiny Records, 2008)

References

External links
 Official Site

1957 births
20th-century Canadian male musicians
Canadian male pianists
Living people
Musicians from Ontario
20th-century Canadian pianists


Heinrich Streintz (May 7, 1848 in Vienna – November 11, 1892 in Graz ) was an Austrian physicist.

Due to the frequent diseases of their son, the parents of Streintz moved to Graz. There, he visited High School which he passed with great success in 1868. Soon the mathematical abilities of Streintz were discovered, so he occupied the subjects mathematics, physics and chemistry at the University of Graz. Temporarily he studied also in Leipzig, Munich, and Zurich. In Graz he attained a doctorate in 1872, and then he studied for some time under Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and Leo Königsberger in Heidelberg. Afterwards he worked in Vienna under Josef Stefan at the Physical Institute, where he finished the habilitation and became a private lecturer in 1873. In 1875, he was appointed as an extraordinary professor for mathematical physics to Graz, where he also became an ordinary professor in 1885. One of his colleagues in Graz was Ludwig Boltzmann.

In his scientific work (both theoretically and experimentally) Streintz was concerned with probability theory, elasticity, and electricity. Streintz also wrote many abstracts and reviews for the Deutsche Literaturzeitung and for Austrian High Schools. However, his most important paper was "The physical foundations of mechanics" (, 1883), where he criticized Newton's definitions of inertia, and introduced the expression "Fundamental body" () and "Fundamental Coordinate System" (), by which inertial motion should be defined more exactly. Similar considerations led shortly thereafter (1885) to the introduction of the term inertial frame of reference by Ludwig Lange.

See also
History of special relativity#Relativity principle and light constancy

References

Publications
Über die Änderungen der Elastizität und der Länge eines vom galvanischen Strome durchflossenen Drahtes, 1873.
Die elektrischen Nachströme transversal magnetisirter Eisenstäbe, 1877
Beiträge zur Kenntnis der elastischen Nachwirkung, 1879
Die physikalischen Grundlagen der Mechanik. 1883

External links

1848 births
1892 deaths
Austrian physicists


Frashër (; ; ) is a village and a former municipality in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Përmet. The population at the 2011 census was 387. The municipal unit consists of the villages Frashër, Zavalan, Ogren-Kostrec, Gostivisht, Miçan, Vërçisht, Kreshovë and Soropull.

Frashër is widely regarded as the 'Mecca' of Albania and is known for the disproportionate number of prominent intellectuals it has produced - especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Name
The name of the settlement means "ash-tree" in Albanian. The word frashër (Gheg Albanian: frashën) derives from the Proto-Albanian rendering of Latin fraxinus. The settlement represents an inhabited centre that was founded after the Roman period of the Albanian language. It is said that the Frashër area has been covered with ash forests, which disappeared over time. The Aromanian name of the settlement is .

History
The first documented attestation of Frashëri probably comes in the form of an Albanian merchant from Frashër who had traveled to Thessaloniki in 1330.

The Frashër area in the Middle Ages was the source of several waves of migrations of Aromanians throughout the southern and central Balkans. The Aromanian dialect of the area of Frashër is known as , being the dialect of one of the main subgroups of the Aromanians, the Farsherots.

In 1432 the village was documented as Fracili in the Ottoman defter of the sanjak of Korçë-Përmet. The defter documented six households in Frashër at the time. The next defter to document Frashër is that of 1504. The village had 41 households, 40 of whom were Christian. The heads of households from which the major vëllazëri (brotherhoods) of Frashër would form in the 17th century include Dedë Duka, Dukë Kryeziu, Uk Deda, Gjon Deda, Martin Bardhi, Deskë Gjini, Dedë Gjini, Kozma Shurbi, Kolë Shurbi, Bendo Shurbi, Gjon Gjoni, Llazër Gjoni and others.

In June 1880 the Second Assembly of Frashër was organised by the League of Prizren.

Ottoman Albanian spahis and landowners from nineteenth century Frashër owned estate properties (chiftlik) in parts of the Balkans and in particular the Thessalian plain, until its loss to Greece in 1881 leading to local economic decline and increasing reliance on agriculture.
In 1914 the Tekke of Frashër, a 133 year-old Bektashi shrine and a center of Albanian Nationalism in the area, was destroyed by the Greek rebels of Georgios Christakis-Zografos, but was reconstructed with the contribution of Albanian-Americans in 1923.

Notable people

Dalip Frashëri, 19th-century poet.
Shahin Frashëri, 19th-century poet.
Abdyl Frashëri, Albanian politician and national hero.
Naim Frashëri, Albanian national poet and national hero.
Sami Frashëri, Albanian writer and national hero.
Mid'hat Frashëri, Albanian politician, diplomat and intellectual.
Mihal Zallari, Chairman of the assembly of Albania, historian and journalist.
Fehim Zavalani, Albanian journalist.
Mehdi Frashëri, Prime Minister of Albania.
Ali Sami Yen, son of Sami Frashëri, founder of Turkish football club Galatasaray.

References

Bibliography

Former municipalities in Gjirokastër County
Aromanian settlements in Albania
Administrative units of Përmet
Villages in Gjirokastër County

sq:Frashëri (Përmet)


Uncial 0164 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 022 (Soden), is a Greek-Coptic bilingual uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 6th century (or the 7th century).

The codex currently is housed at the Berlin State Museums (P. 9108) in Berlin.

Description
The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of Matthew 13:20-21, on one small parchment leaf (8 cm by 13 cm). It is written in one column per page, 8 lines per page, in uncial letters. The leaf survived in a fragmentary condition.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 6th or 7th century.

It was described by J. Leopoldt in 1903 along with lectionary 143.

Greek text

 [τα πετρωδη σπα]
 ρει [ουτος εστιν]
 ο τον λ[ο]γον ακ[ου]
 ων και ευθυς
 [με]τα χαρας λαμ
 [βαν]ων ουκ εχει
 [δε ρι]ζαν εν εαυ
 [τω αλλα] προς

The Greek text of this codex lacks word αυτον in 13:20. The text is to brief for classifying. Aland placed it in Category III (with hesitation).

See also

 List of New Testament uncials
 Coptic versions of the Bible
 Textual criticism
 Biblical manuscript

References

Further reading

 C. R. Gregory, Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes III (Leipzig: 1909), p. 1083.
 J. Leopoldt, Bruchstücke von zwei griechisch-koptischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament, ZNW 4 (Berlin: 1903), pp. 350-351.

Greek New Testament uncials
6th-century biblical manuscripts
Greek-Coptic diglot manuscripts of the New Testament


Malcolm X, also known as Malcolm X: His Own Story As It Really Happened, is a 1972 American documentary film directed by Arnold Perl. It is based on the 1965 book The Autobiography of Malcolm X.

Production
Marvin Worth and Perl started working on Malcolm X in 1969, four years after the human rights activist's assassination. The pair initially intended for the film to be a drama, but in the end they made a documentary when some people close to Malcolm X refused to talk to them. Worth recalled in 1993, "I mostly went for the public figure, rather than the private man. I aimed for showing the evolution of the man and what he had to say. I wanted to do it with the public speeches."

Archival footage, newsreels and excerpts of speeches given by Malcolm were utilized in the film.

Betty Shabazz, Malcolm X's widow, served as a consultant to the film-makers. She was so pleased with the resulting film, she took her six daughters—who ranged in age from six to thirteen—to see it. Afterwards, one of them asked, "Daddy was everything to you, wasn't he?"

The director, Arnold Mr. Perl died in 1971 while writing and collaborating with James Baldwin on the documentary film.  Perl's wife Nancy took over the project as a producer, working with editor Mick Benderoth, and Perl was nominated posthumously for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his work on the film in 1973. Perl's script for the film was later re-written by Spike Lee for his 1992 film on Malcolm X.

Reception
According to the Los Angeles Times, Malcolm X garnered "enthusiastic reviews". Time wrote:

For Warner Bros. to make a documentary about Malcolm X seems about as likely as for the D.A.R. to sponsor the Peking Ballet. That the film should come from such a source is the first surprise. The second is that it is good—a fair forum for Malcolm's fundamental ideas and an exceptional visual chronicle of how those ideas took shape.

In his review for The New York Times, Howard Thompson described it as "a generally rounded, often fascinating movie". Thompson also wrote that the film was "surprisingly balanced".

Jay Carr wrote in The Boston Globe in 1993 that Malcolm X was "essential viewing". William Hageman wrote in the Chicago Tribune in 2011 that the documentary "does a better job of capturing the times" than Spike Lee's 1992 Malcolm X.

Accolades
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

Home media
Malcolm X was released on DVD in 2005 as bonus material with the two-disc special edition of Lee's film. In 2012, it was issued on Blu-ray Disc as part of the Blu-ray 20th-anniversary edition of Lee's film.

See also
 Civil rights movement in popular culture
 King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis - 1970 Oscar-nominated documentary this time focusing on Martin Luther King Jr.
 I Am Not Your Negro - 2016 Oscar-nominated film essay documentary based on James Baldwin's unfinished memoir

References

External links

Official trailer

1972 films
1972 documentary films
1972 directorial debut films
American documentary films
American black-and-white films
Films about Malcolm X
Warner Bros. films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
Collage film