Mirrors is a 2008 American supernatural horror film directed by Alexandre Aja, starring Kiefer Sutherland, Paula Patton, and Amy Smart. The film was first titled Into the Mirror, but the name was later changed to Mirrors. Filming began on May 1, 2007, and it was released in American theaters on August 15, 2008.

The film was originally scripted as a straightforward remake of the 2003 South Korean horror film Into the Mirror. However, once Aja was brought on board and read the script, he was dissatisfied with the particulars of the original film's story. He decided to retain the original film's basic idea involving mirrors, and to incorporate a few of its scenes, but otherwise crafted a new story and script for his version of the movie. A sequel titled Mirrors 2 was released in 2010.

Plot
A security guard runs through a subway station until he enters a room he cannot escape and starts begging his reflection in a mirror for his life. His reflection uses a shard of glass to slice into its own throat; the wound reflects upon the real security guard's body, killing him.

Ben Carson, a suspended police detective, begins his first day as a night security guard at the Mayflower, a luxury department store gutted by a fire and shuttered five years prior. The building still contains numerous mirrors from the store.

On Ben's first night of patrol, he finds a mirror that appears covered with handprints, but only on the reflected side of the glass. He sees an open door in the reflection while it is actually closed. Over time, Ben begins to see more intense visions, which he initially shrugs off as hallucinations. He soon finds the wallet of Gary Lewis, the previous night guard (from the beginning of the film) who supposedly killed himself. Inside is a note that says "Esseker". After noticing the absence of blood on the mirror shard in Gary's crime photos, Ben is convinced that the mirrors make people do things to themselves that they are not actually doing.

Meanwhile, Ben's sister, Angie, is killed by her reflection as it grips its jaw and slowly pulls its mouth apart, causing her to bleed profusely. Ben is distraught when he finds her body. In anger, he attempts to destroy the mirrors at the Mayflower, but they are impervious to damage. He demands to know what the mirrors want, and cracks appear on one of the mirrors, spelling out the word "ESSEKER".

Ben enters the flooded basement of the Mayflower and finds a small sign stating "Psychiatric Studies" and "St. Matthew's Hospital" underneath. He moves to the site of the leak and begins pulling at the tiles and brick of the wall and finds a room with a chair surrounded by mirrors beyond it, a Psychomanteum. Realizing that the Mayflower was built on the site of an earlier hospital,
Ben asks his police friend Larry Byrne to help him locate the patient-employee manifest for the hospital. Larry finds the name Anna Esseker, a patient of the psychiatric hospital. She was twelve years old at the time and died in a mass suicide.

Ben looks through Anna's file and finds an Authorization and Consent form that negated her Death Certificate, stating that she had been discharged from the hospital two days before the suicide and is led to believe that Anna is still alive. Meanwhile, Ben's wife Amy discovers her son Michael's reflection acting differently from the real Michael. In a panic, she calls Ben, who immediately returns home. Together they cover every reflective surface in the house with green paint. They also cover the windows with newspaper and remove anything with a reflection, e.g. picture frames.

Ben locates Anna Esseker's childhood home, and discovers that as a child she was violent and uncontrollable, and diagnosed with severe schizophrenia. She was taken in by a doctor, Dr. Kane from St. Matthew's Hospital, who believed that she had a rare personality disorder. His treatment was to confine Anna to a chair surrounded by mirrors, believing this would cure her disorder by forcing her to confront her own reflection. Ben is told by Anna's brother Robert that when she returned, apparently cured, strange things started to happen with the mirrors in their home. As a result, her family sent her to a convent, Saint Augustine's Monastery, where mirrors are forbidden.

Ben visits the convent and finds Anna alive and well, who explains that she was actually possessed by a demon, which was drawn from her and became trapped in the mirrors. She explains that it collects the souls of those it kills and if she were to return, it would make it possible for the demon to be brought back into the mortal world. She refuses to go back.

Meanwhile, Amy discovers that Mikey is missing at home, and a thin reflective layer of water is completely covering the floor. After putting her daughter Daisy in a safe closet, she finds Michael using a knife to scrape the paint from the mirrors. Amy tries to stop him, but he escapes, obviously possessed.

Having threatened her at gunpoint, Ben returns with Anna to the Mayflower and straps her into the chair in the Psychomanteum. Back at Ben's house Michael is suddenly pulled through the water on the floor by his reflection and begins to drown. At the Psychomanteum the lights begin to flicker and the building begins to shake as the demons in the mirrors are released. They repossess Anna and all the mirrors in the Mayflower explode. Simultaneously, Michael is released from the demon's grip and Amy is able to pull him to safety. The repossessed Anna then attacks Ben, who manages to kill her by igniting a nearby gas line, setting off a huge explosion. The old building starts to collapse violently, and Ben is trapped under the ceiling while trying to escape.

Ben pulls himself out of the rubble and stumbles out of the building. Policemen and firemen are everywhere in the street, and a body is seen being taken in a bag by paramedics, but nobody notices Ben. He looks at the older security guard's name tag and sees it is written backward, realizing everything is in reverse (like in a mirror). He comes upon a mirrored surface in the city and fails to see his own reflection as he reaches out to touch it. He realizes that he died in the rubble and is trapped in the mirror world: his hand appears as a handprint on the glass surface in the living world.

Cast

Production
The movie began development in 2005 under the working title Into the Mirror with music video director Sanji Senaka in talks to direct the movie. The screenplay was initially written by Joe Gangemi and Jim Uhls, with rewrites by Michele and Kieran Mulroney. After Alexandre Aja signed on to direct, he brought on his partner Grégory Levasseur to completely rework the script. Filming began in fall of 2006 and was filmed mostly in the Romanian Academy of Sciences building in Bucharest.

Music

Javier Navarrete used a prior existing work of classical music, "Asturias" by Isaac Albéniz, as the film's main theme.

Reception

Box office
In the United States, Mirrors opened in fourth position making $11.1 million. On its second weekend, it ranked at seventh position, making a further $5 million. The film made a total of $30 million in the United States. In foreign cinemas the film stayed in the top five for its opening weekend in several countries including France, Mexico and United Kingdom, where it consistently ranked #2. It topped in the Hong Kong box office with $228,481 and stayed at the third place in Philippines and Spain. In South Korea and Russia it took #4 at the box office in its opening weekend. The film grossed $72,436,439 worldwide, including $41,745,000 from foreign cinemas.

Home media
The film grossed $10.6 million in home sales.

Critical response
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 14% of critics gave the film positive reviews based on 87 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads "Inconsistency and listless plot make this horror remake a less-than-frightening time at the movies." Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 35 out of 100, based on 13 reviews.

Sequel

On October 8, 2009, the director Victor Garcia announced that he would begin to shoot a sequel, which would be released direct-to-DVD by 20th Century Fox. The sequel was released on October 19, 2010.

References

External links

2000s American films
2000s English-language films
2000s German films
2000s psychological thriller films
2000s supernatural horror films
2000s supernatural thriller films
2008 horror films
2008 films
2008 thriller films
20th Century Fox films
American ghost films
American psychological thriller films
American remakes of South Korean films
American supernatural horror films
American supernatural thriller films
Demons in film
English-language Romanian films
German ghost films
German psychological thriller films
German supernatural horror films
Films about dissociative identity disorder
Films about mass murder
Films about psychiatry
Films about schizophrenia
Films about suicide
Films directed by Alexandre Aja
Films scored by Javier Navarrete
Films set in abandoned buildings and structures
Films set in New York City
Films set in Pennsylvania
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
Films set in shopping malls
Films set in the 2000s
Films shot in Bucharest
Films shot in New York City
Horror film remakes
Regency Enterprises films
Romanian supernatural horror films


Depë Zenebishi, also Depas or Thopia Zenevisi (,  1379–1435), was an Albanian nobleman. The son of Gjon Zenebishi, he had settled in his father's estate in Corfu after the conquest of Gjirokastër by the Ottoman Empire in 1418. He was called to lead the rebels in the area of Gjirokastër during the Albanian Revolt of 1432-1436 and was defeated by Turahan Bey in early 1433. He was captured and later executed.

Life

The son of Gjon Zenebishi he had settled in his father's estate in Corfu after the conquest of Gjirokastër by the Ottoman Empire in 1418. He was called to lead the rebels in the area of Gjirokastër during the Albanian Revolt of 1432-1436 and was defeated by Turahan Bey in early 1433. He was captured and later executed.

Ancestry

See also
Albanian Principalities

Annotations

References

Depe
1379 births
1435 deaths
15th-century Albanian people
14th-century Albanian people
15th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire
Executed Albanian people


The Värmland Line (), previously known as the Northwestern Main Line () is a  long railway line between Laxå and the Norway–Sweden border at Charlottenberg Station. In Norway, the line continues as the Kongsvinger Line.

Railway lines in Sweden


Rudolf Lehmann may refer to:

Rudolf Lehmann (artist) (1819–1905)
R. C. Lehmann (1856–1929), Member of Parliament, writer and poet
Rudolf Lehmann (SS officer) (1914–1983)
Rudolf Lehmann (military judge) (1890–1955), Judge Advocate-General of the OKW, defendant in the High Command Trial


The Prehistoric Man Museum is a museum of prehistory in Kibbutz Ma'ayan Baruch, Israel.

The museum showcases historical artifacts found in and around the kibbutz and houses an extensive collection of prehistoric tools and vessels, including hand axes predating human settlement in the Hulah Valley, around 780,000 BCE.

The museum's collection includes the skeleton of a prehistoric woman, approximately 50 years old, buried with her dog.

The museum also has an ethno-geographic wing with a collection of artifacts and tools from around the world, all made from natural or organic material.

See also
List of museums in Israel

References

External links

 Museum website (Hebrew)
 Slide show
 The dog skeleton in Nature 1978

History museums in Israel
Archaeological museums in Israel
Modernist architecture in Israel
Archaeology of the Near East
Museums in Northern District (Israel)
1952 establishments in Israel
Museums established in 1952
Hula Valley


Rudolf Lehmann (30 January 1914 – 17 September 1983) was a mid-ranking commander the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Following the war, Lehmann authored a unit history of SS Division Leibstandarte published in German by HIAG, the post-war Waffen-SS lobby group, and in English by J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing.

Career
Born in 1914, Lehmann joined the Waffen-SS in April 1935.  He was then posted to the Germania regiment of the SS, which later became SS Division Das Reich, and then to the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler in October 1940. In late 1944, Lehmann moved to the 1st SS Panzer Corps as chief of staff. He remained in this position until March 1945, when he was made divisional commander of the SS Division Das Reich. He led the division through Operation Spring Awakening, the battles around Lake Balaton and Vienna.

After the war, Lehmann authored volumes I II and III of the unit history of the Leibstandarte produced under the auspices of HIAG, a lobby group and a revisionist veteran's organisation established by former high-ranking Waffen-SS personnel. The works were published in 1977–82 by the right-wing publishing house . Lehmann died in 1983.

Awards
Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (15 November 1939) & 1st Class (29 May 1940)
German Cross in Gold on 1 November 1943 as SS-Sturmbannführer in the SS Division Leibstandarte
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knights Cross on 23 February 1944 as SS-Obersturmbannführer and Ia (operations officer) of the SS Division Leibstandarte
Lehmann was nominated for Oak Leaves towards the end of the war. No credible evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. The Oak Leaves award was unlawfully presented by Sepp Dietrich on 6 May 1945, which was announced by the 6th Panzer Army.

References

Citations

Bibliography

1914 births
1983 deaths
Military personnel from Heidelberg
SS-Standartenführer
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
Waffen-SS personnel
German military writers


The Prussian G 5.4 was a German goods train locomotive with a compound engine. Due to its top speed of 65 km/h it was also used on passenger services. The G 5.4, like the G 5.3, differed from the G 5.1 and G 5.2 in having a shorter wheelbase and higher boiler pitch. In addition, the Krauss-Helmholtz bogies enabled its riding qualities to be improved, especially at higher speeds. Between 1901 and 1910 a total of about 760 vehicles of the Class G 5.4 were built for the Prussian state railways. The last 25 locomotives were fitted once again with an Adams axle (see Prussian G 5.5).

Other railways companies also procured this class:
 Hafenbahn Frankfurt/M: 3 units in 1908, which were taken over by the Prussian state railways in 1910.
 Royal Prussian Military Railway: One locomotive in 1905, taken over by the Prussian state railways in 1919.
 Lübeck-Büchen railway: Three locomotives in 1906 and 1909, retired by 1936.
 Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway: Nine locomotives, actually G 5.5s, see Mecklenburg G 5.4.
 Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine: Three locomotives in 1912, G 5.5, see Alsace-Lorraine G 5.5.

In 1923 the Reichsbahn took over 371 locomotives into its renumbering plan as 54 503-517 and 54 801-1156; in 1925 another 278 vehicles were incorporated as 54 801–981, 985-1079, 1083 and 1084. Some 22 examples were converted during the 1920s to superheated compounds. During the Second World War a number of G 5.4 and G 5.5 came into the Reichsbahn fleet from Poland and Lithuania as 54 1101-1218 and 54 1220-1223. The last G 5.4 in Germany was retired by 1951.

The vehicles were coupled with Prussian tenders of classes pr 3 T 12 or pr 3 T 15.

References

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses
 List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses

2-6-0 locomotives
G 05.4
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1901
1′C n2v locomotives
Freight locomotives


Chasing Lights is the debut album by British-Irish girl group The Saturdays. It was released in the United Kingdom through Fascination Records on 27 October 2008. The album was re-issued on 16 March 2009 to include their cover of Depeche Mode's 1981 song "Just Can't Get Enough".

Production
The Saturdays started production of their debut album in May 2008. They were offered the chance to record songs that were rejected by Girls Aloud, with whom they shared a record label. Their music is often compared to that of Girls Aloud and Sugababes. Band member Mollie King told the Daily Star, "We all thought it was a bit of a cheek. Why would we want their rejects? ... It's bad enough with all the comparisons being made". The last track of Chasing Lights, "Why Me, Why Now", was originally a demo that was written and recorded by Alex Cartana but was later picked up by The Saturdays. The members of The Saturdays have no writing credits on the record but they do have writing credits on their subsequent albums.

Reception

Critical response
Chasing Lights received a positive reception from music critics. Digital Spy called it a "consistently enjoyable debut album and said, "Their sassy, modern, chart-ready pop is more straightforward than most Girls Aloud singles and younger than the music Sugababes are now recording. The world, or at least the top ten, should be their oyster."

Some critics referred to Chasing Lights as "a definite contender for pop album of the year". The album was number four on Popjustice's 2008 year-end chart of the best albums.

Commercial performance
In the UK, Chasing Lights debuted at number eleven while in Ireland it debuted at number forty-nine. By April 2009, the album reached number thirty-four in Ireland. The album climbed from number fourteen to number nine in the UK on 25 January 2009. The album was certified Platinum in the UK on 6 November 2009.

Singles

 "If This Is Love", which was released digitally on 27 July 2008, is the album's lead single. It was released commercially in the UK on 28 July for digital and physical distribution, peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart and became their first top-ten hit.
 "Up", which was released digitally on 12 October 2008, is the album's second single. It was released commercially in the UK on 13 October for digital and physical distribution. The song peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their second consecutive top-ten hit, and debuted at number eleven on the Irish Singles Chart. "Up" is the group's debut single in Brazil. "Up" is also used as dubbed over theme song for the 19th annual edition of WWE pay-per-view SummerSlam in 2006, replacing both original theme songs "Cobrastyle" by Teddybears featuring Mad Cobra and "The Enemy" by Godsmack - which was used from SummerSlam: The Complete Anthology Vol. 4 Disc 19 DVD on WWE Home Video released on 5 August 2008 and not to feature dubbing from the original version on WWE Network.
 "Issues", released officially on 5 January 2009, is the album's third single. It was released commercially in the UK on 5 January after spending a few weeks in the top forty. The song hit number six on the UK Singles Chart and became their third consecutive top ten hit. The following week it climbed to number four.
 "Just Can't Get Enough", a non-album single, was released on 2 March 2009. The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number two on 8 March 2009, second to Flo Rida's "Right Round". On the Irish Singles Chart, the song debuted at number seventeen. The following week, it climbed to number nine and peaked at number six. It became their first top-ten and highest-charting single to date in Ireland.
 "Work" was announced in January 2009 as the fifth single to be released from the album. It was a fan-favourite since the release of the album, and it was released in the UK on 29 June 2009 and peaked on the UK Singles Chart at number twenty-two. This remained their lowest charting single until "What Are You Waiting For" charted at number thirty-eight in 2014.

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2008 debut albums
The Saturdays albums
Albums produced by Cutfather
Fascination Records albums


Kaliski is Kalisz County (powiat kaliski), an administrative area in central Poland.

Kaliski may also refer to:

Places
Kaliski, Gmina Paprotnia, a village in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland
Kaliski, Gmina Przesmyki, a village in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland
Kaliski, Podlaskie Voivodeship, a village in north-east Poland
Kałyški, a village in Vitebsk Region, east-central Belarus

People with the surname
Burt Kaliski, American cryptographer
Sylwester Kaliski (1925–1978), Polish engineer and general

See also
 Kalisz (disambiguation)


These are the results of the men's K-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 2000 Summer Olympics. The K-1 (kayak single) event is raced by one-man kayaks through a whitewater course. The venue for the 2000 Olympic competition was in Penrith.

Medalists

Results

Qualifying
The 23 competitors each took two runs through the whitewater slalom course on 19 September. The combined score of both runs counted for the event with the top 15 advancing to the final round the following day.

Final
15 competitors each took two runs through the whitewater slalom course on 20 September. The combined result of both runs counted for the event.

References

2000 Summer Olympics Canoe slalom results.
Sports-reference.com 2000 men's K-1 slalom results.
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Men's Kayak Slalom Singles". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 485.

Men's Slalom K-1
Men's events at the 2000 Summer Olympics


The 1988 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season.  It was the first season for head coach John Cooper.  The Buckeyes played their home games in Ohio Stadium. The team finished the season with a win–loss record of 4–6–1, and a Big Ten Conference record of 2–5–1.

Schedule

Personnel

Season summary

Syracuse

Pittsburgh

LSU

Illinois

Indiana

Purdue

Minnesota

Michigan State

Wisconsin

Iowa

Michigan

1989 NFL draftees

References

Ohio State
Ohio State Buckeyes football seasons
Ohio State Buckeyes football


Aberglasslyn is a rapidly expanding suburb of Maitland, located in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales Australia.

Description and history

The traditional owners and custodians of the Maitland area are the Wonnarua people.

Once known as "The Country Estate", Aberglasslyn was surrounded by paddocks and bushland which have now been developed into numerous sub-divisions such as "The Sanctuary" and "Weblands Wonderland". Aberglasslyn provides views of the hills of Maitland Vale and Rosebrook, situated near the Hunter River. It still retains some bushland which has been listed as a nature reserve.

Aberglasslyn House (circa 1840), a private residence, looks over a bend in the Hunter River and is built completely out of sandstone. Aberglasslyn House is one of the most important early Colonial homes in Australia. With its vast cellars, this early stone mansion has the potential to become the only "chateau style" boutique vineyard in the Hunter. It was built by George Hobler, and designed by John Verge who was born in Christchurch, Dorset, England.

The name is said to be a combination of "Aberdeen" and "Glasgow", though it is more likely to be from the place in Wales so called - Aberglaslyn, spelt Aberglasslyn by English writers in the 1800s. This Welsh name means the "mouth of the river Glaslyn" (aber = river mouth). See Afon Glaslyn. The Glaslyn used to enter Cardigan Bay at this point (it is now at some distance from the sea after land reclamation). "Glaslyn" is "blue lake", and is the name of the lake from which the river flows down to the sea and from which it has taken its name.

Heritage listings
Aberglasslyn has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 Aberglasslyn Road: Aberglasslyn House

References

Suburbs of Maitland, New South Wales


Valery Aleksandrovich Gavrilin (, (17 August 1939 – 28 January 1999) was a Soviet and Russian composer. People's Artist of the RSFSR (1985).

Biography
Valery Gavrilin was born in 1939 in Vologda. When he was 3, his father died as a volunteer during the Siege of Leningrad. His mother was imprisoned when he was 10 and Gavrilin was sent to an orphanage in the village of Kovyrino near Vologda. At the age of 11, Gavrilin entered a school of music where I.M. Belozemtsev, a teacher at Leningrad Conservatory, happened to hear him and from the age of 12 to 16, Gavrilin went to the children's school in Leningrad to study clarinet, piano and composition. In 1954 he graduated from the Conservatory with two specialities: composition (under professor Orest Evlakhov) and musicology (under professor F.A. Rubtsov). Shortly thereafter, Gavrilin published the vocal cycle that would make his name, the Russian Notebook. He continued at the Conservatory as a teacher.

In television and film, he often collaborated with director Aleksandr Arkadevich Belinskiy.

Valery Gavrilin died in 1999 at the age of 59 in St. Petersburg, following two severe heart attacks. The asteroid 7369 Gavrilin was named in his memory. The name was suggested by the Union of Concert Workers of Russia, and the official  was published by the Minor Planet Center on 24 January 2000 ().

The 70th Anniversary of Gavrilin's birth was marked by a Gavrilin Festival in October 2009, which included concerts in his memory in Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Vologda, and Cherepovets, and which included a performance by the Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra conducted by Vladimir Fedoseyev.

Works

Ballets
 Anyuta, ballet in 2 acts, libretto by film director Aleksandr Belinskiy based on texts by Anton Chekhov (Анюта 1982)
 House on the Road, ballet in 1 act, libretto by Aleksandr Belinskiy based on texts by the poem by Aleksandr Tvardovsky (Дом у дороги 1984)
 Lieutenant Romashov, based on texts by Aleksandr Kuprin (1985)
 Balzamin's Marriage, based on texts by Alexander Ostrovsky (Женитьба Бальзаминова 1989)

Opera
 The Sailor and the Rowan Tree (Моряк и рябина 1968)
 Family Album (Семейный альбом 1969)
 Miracle Play of the Three Youths (Пещное действо 1970) (based on the miracle play of the fiery furnace story in the Russian Orthodox Church)

Orchestral music
 The Cockroach, symphonic suite (Тараканище 1963)
 Overture in C major for symphony orchestra (1964)
 Adagio for Strings (1964)
 Wedding, Symphonic Suite No. 1 (Свадебная 1967)
 Theatre Divertissment, Symphonic Suite No. 2 (1969)
 Russian, Symphonic Suite No. 3 (Русская 1970)
 French, Symphonic Suite No. 4 (Французская 1973)
 Portraits, Symphonic Suite No. 5 (Портреты 1979))
 In Memory of Batiushkov, waltz for symphony orchestra (Памяти Батюшкова 1981)
 Anyuta, Symphonic Suite No. 6 (Анюта 1982)
 House on the Road, Symphonic Suite No. 7 (Дом у дороги 1984)

Chamber-vocal music
 About Love, song cycle based on texts by Vadim Shefner (О любви 1958)
 Satires, song cycle based on texts by Arvīds Grigulis (Сатиры 1959)
 German Notebook No. 1, song cycle based on texts by Heinrich Heine (1961)
 Russian Notebook, song cycle based on folk texts (1964, Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR in 1965)
 The Seasons, song cycle based on folk texts and Sergei Yesenin (Времена года 1969)
 Drunken Week, song cycle based on folk texts (Пьяная неделя 1970?)
 German Notebook No. 2, song cycle based on texts by Heinrich Heine (Немецкая тетрадь № 2 1972)
 Evening, song song cycle for 2 voices and piano. Part 1 "Little Album", texts: folk, Albina Shulgina, and Gavrilin (Вечерок 1 «Альбомчик» 1973). Part 2 "Dances, Writing, Conclusion", texts: Semen Nadson, Ivan Bunin, Anna Akhmatova, Albina Shulgina, and Gavrilin (Вечерок 2 «Танцы, письма, окончание» 1975)
 German Notebook No. 3, song cycle for vocal quartet and piano based on texts by Heinrich Heine (1976, unfinished)
 Marina, based on texts by Marina Tsvetaeva (Марина 1967)
 Three Songs of Ophelia, based on Shakespeare for a production of Hamlet at the Young People's Theatre of Leningrad directed by Zinovy Korogodsky (1971)
 "The City Sleeps", based on a text by Albina Shulgina (Город спит 1978)
 "Forgive Me", based on a text by Alexander Volodin (Простите меня)
 Poem No. 426 for soloist, instrumental ensemble, 328-RS computer, and tape.

Vocal-symphonic music
 Buffoons, for soloist, male chorus, ballet and orchestra; based on texts by Vadim Korostilev (Скоморохи 1967)
 War Letters, vocal-symphonic poem for soloists, children's and mixed choirs, and symphony orchestra; based on texts by Albina Shulgina (Военные письма 1972)
 Earth, vocal-symphonic song cycle for the free composition of the choir, soloist and symphony orchestra; based on texts by Albina Shulgina (Земля 1974)
 A Toast "Apotheosis", cantata for mixed chorus and orchestra, based on texts by Vladimir Maksimov (Здравица «Апофеоз» 1977)
 Incantation, cantata for female choir and orchestra; based on texts by Albina Shulgina (Заклинание 1977)
 Wedding, for soloist, mixed chorus, ballet dancers, and symphony orchestra. Texts: folk, Albina Shulgina, and Gavrilin (Свадьба 1978-1982)
 Chimes (Upon Reading Vasily Shukshin), a miracle play symphony for soloists, mixed chorus, oboe, percussion, and narrator; texts: folk, Albina Shulgina, and Gavrilin (1978–1982) (Перезвоны 1982)
 Shepherd and Shepherdess, for soloists, large chorus, and mixed instrumental ensemble; based on texts by Viktor Astafyev (Пастух и пастушка, 1983; unfinished)

Choral music
 People of the World, based on texts by Sergei Vasiliev (Люди мира на слова С. Васильева, 1962)
 We Spoke of Art, cantata for mixed chorus a cappella based on texts by Gavrilin (Мы говорили об искусстве, 1963)
 In Memory of the Fallen, a choral cycle (Памяти павших, 1963)
 Don Captain, concert rondo for mixed chorus, based on texts by R. Barannikova (Дон капитан, 1969)
 Choruses, for mixed chorus, folk lyrics (Припевки, 1972)

Instrumental chamber works
 String Quartets Nos. 1 – 3 (1960, 1962, 1964)
 Adagio in Polyphonic Style (1964)
 A Poem, for violin and piano (1963)
 Violin Sonata (1964)
 Piano Sonata (1964)
 Compositions, for piano 2-hands (three books)
 Sketches, for piano 4 hands («Зарисовки» 1970s)

Theatre music
 How Kopachi Got Married, musical comedy in 1 Act of the play by L Tabi. (Так женился Копачи - пьесе Л.Таби).
36 suites of Incidental Theatre music:
"How Kopachi got married Kopaci" «Так женился Копачи»,
"marching march",  «Походный марш»
"Armored Train 14-69" «Бронепоезд 14-69»
"based on texts by the execution request" «После казни прошу»
"based on texts by 100 years in the Birch grove" «Через 100 лет в Березовой роще»
"Two winters and three summers," «Две зимы и три лета»
"Crime and Punishment " «Преступлени и наказание»
"Not to part with his beloved" «С любимыми не расставайтесь»
"Steps of the Commander" «Шаги командора»
"His people - numbered" «Свои люди — сочтемся»
"Above the bright water" «Над светлой водой»
"Three sacks of wheat" «Три мешка сорной пшеницы»
"Prunus" «Черемуха»
and others (1959–1977)

Film music
 1966 - On the wild shore (На диком береге director Anatoli Granik)
 1968 - Source (Источник director Anatoli Granik)
 1968 - On the wedding day (В день свадьбы director Vadim Mikhailov)
 1970 - Vasily Merkur'ev (Василий Меркурьев Telefilm, dir. Bychkov)
 1969 - Anna's Happiness (Счастье Анны dir. Yuri Rogov)
 1971 - The month of August (Месяц август dir. Vadim Mikhailov)
 1972 - Theatrical History (Театральные истории dir. Aleksandr Belinskiy)
 1979 - The Knight of Knyazh (Рыцарь из Княж-города dir. Vadim Mikhailov)
 1980 - Pier (Пристань dir. V. Sorokin)
 1981 - A Village History (Деревенская история dir. Vitali Kanevsky)
 1982 - Anyuta (Анюта dir. Alexander Belinsky, choreographer Vladimir Viktorovich Vasiliev)
 1986 - Hurt (Обида prod. Arkady Sirenko)
 1987 - Funny story (Байка dir. Georgi Burkov, Herman Lavrov)
 1989 - Balzamin's Marriage (Женитьба Бальзаминова dir. Aleksandr Belinskiy)
 1993 - Provincial benefice (Провинциальный бенефис dir. Aleksandr Belinskiy)

Selected recordings
Discography
 A House on the Road. With Sviridov, Oratorio Pathetique. Vladimir Fedoseyev. reissued Relief.
 Songs of Valery Gavrilin: The Russian Notebook. Ophelia’s Songs. The Seasons. Mila Shkirtil (mezzo-soprano). Yuri Serov (piano). Northern Flowers, NF/PMA 9955
 Gavrilin First German Notebook. Sergei Leiferkus (baritone). Irina Golovnyova (piano). Recorded in 1981. Sound-producer Gerhard Tses. Released with recordings of songs by Vladimir Shcherbachov, Veniamin Basner, Yuri Falik. Compozitor, St. Petersburg.
 Gavrilin Sketches (18 pieces) for piano 4 hands. Riga Piano duo Nora Novik & Raffi Kharajanyan. Compozitor, St. Petersburg,2000.

Video
 Anyuta. Ekaterina Maximova and Vladimir Vasiliev with the Bolshoi Ballet 1982. DVD VAI 2007

References

External links

 Valery Gavrilin at The Lied and Art Song Texts Page

1939 births
1999 deaths
People from Vologda
20th-century classical composers
Russian ballet composers
Neoromantic composers
Russian opera composers
Male opera composers
Composers from Saint Petersburg
Russian male classical composers
Soviet composers
Soviet male composers
Culture in Saint Petersburg
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
20th-century Russian male musicians


Carl Anthony Falk-Gramer (née Falk; born 17 August 1980 in Stockholm), is a Swedish songwriter, record producer and musician and has worked with artists such as Demi Lovato, One Direction, 5 Seconds of Summer, Nicki Minaj, Ellie Goulding, Madonna, Avicii, Ariana Grande, Charlie Puth, Jason Derulo, Westlife, Hilary Duff, Iggy Azalea, Liam Payne.

Biography

As a student Falk attended the Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm. He then joined "The Location" in 2002, a new production and publishing-company formed by former Cheiron-members Kristian Lundin, Andreas Carlsson and Jake Schulz, leasing the former Cheiron Studios.

Falk left "The Location" in 2007 and re-located to Los Angeles in April 2010 to team up with Rami Yacoub and Steve Angello (Swedish House Mafia). Back in Sweden Carl and Rami started their production company and studio – Kinglet Studios.

Since 2010 he has co-written and co-produced hits like "What Makes You Beautiful", "One Thing", "Live While We're Young", "Kiss You" by One Direction and "Starships" and "Pound The Alarm" by Nicki Minaj. In 2012 Carl was listed as No. 4 on Music Week Top 100 Songwriters of the year based on the UK's 100 biggest selling singles of the year. The same year "Starships" also made US Billboard history, by both debuting in and spending a total of 21 consecutive weeks in the US Top Ten, passing The Black Eyed Peas's single "I Gotta Feeling". As of February 2013, it has sold 7.2 million digital downloads worldwide. Subsequently, he received two ASCAP awards for most performed songs of 2012: "Starships" and "What Makes You Beautiful".

Falk worked with Demi Lovato writing "Shouldn't Come Back" and "Really Don't Care" for her 2013 album "Demi". He also worked on "Rest Of Our Life" for Jason Derulo and "Red Lights" for Tiesto. Falk reached further success in 2014 when he worked with David Guetta on the hit single "One Last Time" for Ariana Grande, reaching no.13 on the Billboard's Hot 100 chart.

In 2015 Falk wrote songs like "Broken Arrows" and "Sunset Jesus" for Avicii, "Rest Your Love" for The Vamps, "Your Type" for Carly Rae Jepsen, "Lost & Found" for Ellie Goulding and "Devil Pray" For Madonna.

His favourite instrument is the guitar as he tries to "always have guitar on my songs, almost like a trademark". Carl can also play multiple other instruments like bass, piano, violin and drums, which he started to learn from an early age on during his childhood. In 2013 Falk won the STIM Platinum guitar prize.

Songwriting Discography

Awards

Falk has won two Ascap Pop Music Awards with the songs "Starships" and "What Makes You Beautiful", amongst many other of awards and nominations.
Falk received two nominations both in 2012 and in 2013 in the Swedish Music Publishers Awards (SMFF). Both years for Songwriter Of The Year and International Achievement.
He was also nominated for the 2013 Swedish Music Export Award,

References

Living people
1980 births
Swedish record producers
Swedish male songwriters
Musicians from Stockholm


Phantom on the Horizon is a concept EP by American progressive rock band The Fall of Troy that was released on November 28, 2008 through Equal Vision Records. It is the completed version of the Ghostship Demos EP that the band released in 2004. This rerecorded version of the original demos features five "chapters" and was produced by Casey Bates (Fear Before, Chiodos, Portugal. The Man).

The concept behind Phantom on the Horizon tells the fictional story of a Spanish galleon meeting with a ghost ship from another dimension.

Release
The Fall of Troy began working on Phantom on the Horizon five years prior to its release in the gap between The Fall of Troy and Doppelgänger. In 2004, demos of some of the tracks that would later be featured on Phantom on the Horizon were leaked onto the internet and dubbed Ghostship Demos EP. The demos were never released in a physical form of media. In October 2008, The Fall of Troy secretly recorded the album and released it the following month on November 28, 2008.

Physical copies of the album were released exclusively through the band on their winter 2008 tour with The Number Twelve Looks Like You, and on The Fall of Troy's web store. Only 3,000 individually numbered copies of the album were made (although physical copies were numbered out of 3,300) – one half were sold on tour and the other half sold through the band's web store. An MP3 digital download version of the album became available on The Fall of Troy's webstore once physical copies sold out.

In January 2009, The Fall of Troy expressed their interest in releasing the album on vinyl "sometime in the near future". The vinyl release of the album was available on April 28, 2009 in limited quantities. There were 1,000 copies made with an orange and white swirl colored vinyl available exclusively through The Fall of Troy's webstore, and 1,000 copies made with a clear colored vinyl available exclusively through Hot Topic. The vinyl record version of the album features different artwork than the CD and download versions. The record was later re-released on vinyl in early 2012 by MerchNow and Equal Vision records.

Track listing
 "Chapter I: Introverting Dimensions" – 10:51
 "Chapter II: A Strange Conversation" – 4:42
 "Chapter III: Nostalgic Mannerisms" – 7:52
 "Chapter IV: Enter the Black Demon" – 5:36
 "Chapter V: The Walls Bled Lust" – 8:08

Personnel
The Fall of Troy
Thomas Erak – vocals, guitar, keys
Frank Ene – bass, backing vocals

Andrew Forsman – drums, percussion

Guest musicians
Dave Marion (of Fear Before) – vocals
Ryann Donnelly (of Schoolyard Heroes) – vocals
Jonah Bergman (of Schoolyard Heroes) – vocals
Nouela Johnston (of Mon Frere) – keyboards
Katie Mosehauer – violin, string arrangements
Angela Kimber – cello, string arrangements
Jay Beaman (formerly of Red Museum) – glockenspiel, tambourine, other auxiliary percussion arrangements

Production and art
Casey Bates – producer
Christen Shaw – art direction
Curtis Tanner – A&R

References

The Fall of Troy albums
2008 EPs
Concept albums
Equal Vision Records EPs


This is a list of notable Jamaican British people.

Academia

 Kehinde Andrews (born 1983), Professor of Black Studies at Birmingham City University. He is the first black studies professor in the UK and led the establishment of the first black studies programme in Europe, at Birmingham City. Activist and author. Director of the Centre for Critical Social Research; founder of the Harambee Organisation of Black Unity; and co-chair of the Black Studies Association
 Robert Beckford (born 1965), Professor of Black Theology at the Queen's Foundation, Birmingham
 Aggrey Burke (born 1943), President of the Transcultural Psychiatry Society. Vice-chair and a trustee of the George Padmore Institute. Britain's first black consultant psychiatrist, appointed by the National Health Service (NHS)
 Nira Chamberlain (born 1969), President of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. He is the first black mathematician to feature in the biographical reference book Who’s Who
 Patricia Daley, Vice Principle of Jesus College, Cambridge and Professor of Human Geography of Africa at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford
 Len Garrison (died 2003), educationalist, historian and community activist. He set up ACER (Afro-Caribbean Education Resource) and co-founded the Black Cultural Archives

 Alan Powell Goffe, Head of the Department of Experimental Cytology at the Wellcome Research Laboratories, Developed the Polio vaccine and has a strain of the Measels named after him.

 Kei Miller (born 1978), Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Exeter. Poet, fiction writer, essayist and blogger
 Donald Palmer (1962), Senior Lecturer in Immunology in the Comparative Biomedical Sciences Department of the Royal Veterinary College, London
 Geoff Palmer (born 1940), Chancellor of Heriot-Watt University. Palmer became Scotland's first black university professor in 1989
 Winsome Pinnock (born 1961), Visiting Lecturer at Royal Holloway College and Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of Cambridge. Playwright
 Leone Ross (born 1969), Senior Lecturer in the Creative Writing department at Roehampton University. Senior Fellow of the UK Higher Education Academy. Novelist, short story writer, editor and journalist
 Tony Sewell (born 1959), Educational consultant and chair of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities
 Shirley Thompson, Professor of Music at the University of Westminster

Activism and politics
 Diane Abbott (born 1953), Labour MP since 1987. Abbott is Britain’s first black female Member of Parliament, the first black female Shadow Home Secretary and the longest-serving black MP in the House of Commons
Shaun Bailey (born 1971), politician and former journalist
 Frances Batty Shand (died 1885), early charitable activist
Dawn Butler (born 1963), Labour MP since 2015. Butler became the first black woman to speak from the despatch box in the House of Commons in December 2009
Betty Campbell (died 2017), Welsh community activist and Wales' first black head teacher
Janet Daby (born 1970), politician
Barbara Follett (born 1942), politician
Henry Gunter (died 2007), civil rights campaigner, trade unionist and the first black delegate to be elected to the Birmingham Trades Council
Roy Hackett (died 2022), civil rights campaigner
Stuart Hall (died 2014), cultural theorist and political activist. Co-founder of New Left Review He was voted one of the 100 greatest black Britons
Paulette Hamilton, member of the Labour Party and Birmingham's first black MP
Darren Henry (born 1968), politician
Lee Jasper (born 1958), politician and activist; served as Senior Policy Advisor on Equalities to the Mayor of London
 Sam Beaver King (died 2016), campaigner and Southwark's first black Mayor
David Kurten, (born 1971), politician
Baroness Lawrence (born 1952), campaigner
Harold Moody (died 1947), physician and campaigner who established the League of Coloured Peoples in 1931
Olive Morris (died 1979), community leader and activist in the feminist, Black nationalist, and squatters' rights campaigns
Bill Norris (born 1938), General Secretary of the Transport and General Workers' Union from 1992 to 2003, the first black leader of a major British trade union  He was voted one of the 100 greatest black Britons
Marvin Rees (born 1972), politician who has served as the Mayor of Bristol. He is the UK’s first directly elected black mayor
Patrick Roach (born 1965), NASUWT General Secretary
Louis Stedman-Bryce (born 1974), property investor and former politician
Patrick Philip Vernon (born 1961), Labour councillor, chair of the Labour Party's Race Equality Advisory Group and political activist
 James (Jim) Alexander Williams, first (ceremonial) black Lord Mayor of Bristol

Business and law

 Jak Beula (born 1963), entrepreneur, cultural activist; founder and chief executive of the Nubian Jak Community Trust
 Dyke, Dryden and Wade; Britain's first black multi-million-pound business enterprise
 Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones (born 1957), businessman, farmer, and founder of "The Black Farmer" range of food products
 Michael Fuller (born 1959), Chief Inspector of the Crown Prosecution Service and Britain's first black Police Chief Constable
 Emma Grede (born 1982), co-founder and CEO of Good American, a founding partner of Skims, and co-founder of Safely
 Chris Hohn (born 1966), billionaire and hedge fund manager
 Eric Irons (died 2007), Britain's first black magistrate
 Neil Kenlock (born 1950), media professional. Co-founder of Choice FM, the UK’s first and only licensed, independent black music radio station. Co-founder of the first black British glossy magazine, Root
 Val McCalla (died 2002), accountant and media entrepreneur. He was the founder of The Voice, a British weekly newspaper aimed at the Britain's black community
 Pat McGrath (born 1965), founder of Pat McGrath Labs which has an estimated value of  $1 billion
 Jacqueline McKenzie, human rights lawyer
 Alexander McLean (born 1985), lawyer and founder of Justice Defenders
 Heather Melville (born 1962), corporate and international banker
 Caroline Newman (born 1963), first black solicitor to be elected to the Council of the Law Society of England and Wales. Also an author, entrepreneur and diversity advocate
 Nathanial Peat, entrepreneur and international motivational speaker
 Heather Rabbatts (born 1955), solicitor, businesswoman and broadcaster. She served as a Football Association director from 2011 to 2017 and was the first ethnic minority person to do so and the only woman on the board. Also appointed Chief executive of Merton before serving as Chief executive of the London Borough of Lambeth. She became the youngest council chief in the country.
 Levi Roots (born 1958), businessman, TV personality and founder of "Reggae Reggae sauce"
 Shaun Wallace (born 1960), barrister, lecturer, TV personality. He is one of the six "chasers" on the ITV quiz show The Chase. He won Mastermind in 2004
 Dame Sharon White (born 1967), businesswoman and Second Permanent Secretary at HM Treasury from 2013 to 2015. She became the first black person, and the second woman, to become a Permanent Secretary at the  HM Treasury
 Jacky Wright, chief digital officer and a corporate vice president at Microsoft US
 Josh Wilson (born 1990), producer and entrepreneur, founder of Wilson Worldwide

Entertainment
 Josie d'Arby (born 1972), actress, TV presenter and painter; in 1999, she became the youngest British woman to host her own chat show
 Akala (born 1983), rapper
 Aml Ameen (born 1985), actor
 Samuel Anderson (born 1982), actor
 Ella Balinska (born 1996), actress (Jamaican mother, Polish father)
 Marcia Barrett, singer
 Les Ballets Nègres, Europe's first black dance company, founded in 1946 by Jamaican dancers Berto Pasuka and Ritchie Riley
 Sheyla Bonnick, singer-songwriter, performer, co-producer, fashion designer, author, inventor
 Gabrielle Brooks (born 1990), actress
 Errol Brown (died 2015), singer-songwriter, best known as the frontman of the soul and funk band Hot Chocolate
 Simona Brown (born 1994), actress
 Keisha Buchanan (born 1984), Sugababes founding member, singer
 Alexandra Burke (born 1988), singer-songwriter and actress
 Mahalia Burkmar (born 1998), singer-songwriter
 Celeste (born 1994), soul singer
 Chip (born 1990), rapper
 Lloyd Coxsone (born c. 1945), sound system operator and record producer
 Doña Croll, actress
 Olivia Dean (born 1999), singer
 Michelle de Swarte, comedian, presenter, actress, former model
 Alesha Dixon (born 1978), rapper, singer-songwriter, dancer, TV personality, and author
 Stefflon Don (born 1991), rapper, singer
 Omari Douglas (born 1994), actor
 Sharon Duncan-Brewster, actress
 Leonie Elliott (born 1988), actress
 Jade Ewen (born 1988), singer, actress and former member of the girl group Sugababes
 Rebecca Ferguson (born 1986), singer
 Giggs (born 1983), Grime MC
 Mo Gilligan (born 1988), comedian
 Andrew Gourlay, conductor
 Stephen Graham (born 1973), actor
 Jackie Guy, dancer, choreographer and teacher
 Alison Hammond (born 1975), TV personality, actress
 Mona Hammond (1931–2022), actress
 Ainsley Harriott (born 1957), chef and TV presenter
 Naomie Harris (born 1976), actress
 Lenny Henry, comedian
 Kirby Howell-Baptiste, actress
 Marvin Humes (born 1985), singer, disc jockey, TV presenter and radio host
 Rochelle Humes (born 1989), singer and presenter
 Jamelia (born 1981), singer-songwriter and TV presenter
 Diane Louise Jordan (born 1960), actress, TV and radio presenter; first black presenter of the children's television programme Blue Peter
 Janet Kay (born 1958), singer-songwriter and actress
 Erin Kellyman (born 1998), actress
 Malachi Kirby (born 1989), actor
 Beverley Knight (born 1973), recording artist and musical theatre actress
 Lianne La Havas (born 1989), singer-songwriter and record producer
 Cleo Laine (born 1927), singer and actress; Grammy Award winner and voted one of the 100 greatest black Britons
 Tamara Lawrance, actress
 Rustie Lee (born 1949), TV personality, TV chef, actress, singer and former politician
 Adrian Lester (born 1968), actor
 Don Letts (born 1956), film director, DJ and musician
 Shaznay Lewis (born 1975), singer-songwriter and actress
 Delroy Lindo (born 1952), actor
 Judi Love (born 1980), comedian
 Lashana Lynch (born 1987), actress
 M1llionz, rapper
 Mad Lion, British rapper/Reggae performer singer
 Madeleine Mantock, actress
 Ella Mai, singer-songwriter; Grammy winner
 Bob Marley, influential singer-songwriter
 Jo Martin, actress
 Colin McFarlane (born 1961), actor
 Dominique Moore (born 1986), performer
 Liz Mitchell popular reggae singer
 Ms. Dynamite (born 1981), singer-songwriter and record producer
 Nao (born 1987), singer-songwriter and record producer
 Aaron Pierre (born 1994), actor
 Courtney Pine (born 1964), jazz musician, voted one of the 100 greatest black Britons
 Leigh-Anne Pinnock (born 1991), singer
 Jessica Plummer (born 1992), actress
 Maxi Priest (born 1961), singer-songwriter
 Paulette Randall (born 1961), theatre director
 Slick Rick, British rapper, producer
 Colin Salmon (born 1961), actor, director and executive producer
 Jorja Smith (born 1997), singer
 Karla-Simone Spence, actress
 Neville Staple (born 1955), singer
 Amarah-Jae St. Aubyn (born 1994), actress
 Steel Pulse, reggae band; Grammy Award winners
 Antonia Thomas (born 1986), actress
 Marsha Thomason (born 1976), actress
 Carroll Thompson, singer, best known as the “Queen of Lovers Rock”
 Ruby Turner (born 1958), singer-songwriter, and actress
 FKA Twigs (born 1988), singer-songwriter, producer, and dancer
 Micheal Ward (born 1997), actor
 Jamael Westman (born 1991), actor
 Caron Wheeler (born 1963), singer-songwriter; Grammy Award winner
 Willard White (born 1946), operatic bass baritone
 Ricky Whittle (born 1981), actor
 Kedar Williams-Stirling (born 1994), actor
 Layton Williams (born 1994), actor and singer
 Luke Youngblood (born 1986), actor

Fashion designers and models

 Leomie Anderson (born 1993), model and fashion designer. The first black British Victoria's Secret Angel
 Munroe Bergdorf (born 1987), model and activist. The first transgender model in the UK for L'Oréal
 Naomi Campbell (born 1970), supermodel and actress. The first black model to appear on the front cover of Time, French Vogue, Russian Vogue and the September issue of American Vogue
 Nicholas Daley, fashion designer
 Jourdan Dunn (born 1990), supermodel and actress. The first black British model to enter the Forbes model rich list
 Bruce Oldfield (born 1950), fashion designer
 Tessa Prendergast (died 2001), fashion designer, actress and socialite. Designer of the taboo-breaking white bikini worn by Ursula Andress in the 1962 film Dr. No
 Martine Rose (born 1980), menswear designer
 Bianca Saunders, fashion designer. Winner of the ANDAM Fashion Award for young talent
 Grace Wales Bonner (born 1992), fashion designer

Inventors

 Jak Beula (born 1963), inventor of the multi-award-winning board game, Nubian Jak
 Nira Chamberlain (born 1969), creator of a mathematical cost capability trade-off model for HMS Queen Elizabeth and the inventor of a long multiplication method used in some UK schools
 Geoff Palmer (born 1940), inventor of the barley abrasion process, a patented technique that speeds up the production of malt from grain and which is used by the British brewing industry

Religion
 Rev Rose Hudson-Wilkin (born 1961), Bishop of Dover and the first black female to become a Church of England bishop. She was also the first woman and the first black person to serve as Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons. She also held the role of Queen's Chaplain.
 Oliver Lyseight, founder of one of Britain's largest black majority churches, and spiritual leader to the Windrush generation

Sports
 Viv Anderson (born 1956), retired footballer and coach. One of the first black football players to represent England in a full international match
 Michail Antonio (born 1990), footballer
 John Barnes (born 1963), retired footballer
 Daniel Bell-Drummond (born 1993), cricketer
 Darren Bent (born 1984), retired footballer
 Luther Blissett (born 1958), retired footballer
 Frank Bruno (born 1961), retired professional boxer
 Frazier Campbell (born 1987), footballer
Sol Campbell (born 1974), retired footballer and manager
 Mark Chamberlain (born 1961), retired footballer
 Neville Chamberlain (born 1960), retired footballer
 Linford Christie (born 1960), retired sprinter
Andy Cole (born 1971), retired footballer
Garth Crooks (born 1958), retired footballer and pundit. Elected as the first black chairman of the Professional Footballers’ Association
Laurie Cunningham (died 1989), first ever British player to sign for Real Madrid
Tasha Danvers (born 1977), athlete
 Bobby Decordova-Reid (born 1993), footballer
 Lloyd "Lindy" Delapenha (died 2017), first black footballer to win a championship medal
 Clayton Donaldson (born 1984), footballer
 Desmond Douglas (born 1955), table tennis player
 Leon Edwards (born 1991), professional mixed martial artist
Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill (born 1986), retired track and field athlete
 Chris Eubank (born 1966), retired professional boxer
 Demarai Gray, footballer
 Mason Greenwood, footballer
 Jeremy Guscott (born 1965), retired rugby union player
 Ellery Hanley (born 1961), retired rugby league player and coach
 Audley Harrison (born 1971), retired professional boxer
 David Haye (born 1980), boxer
 Michael Hector (born 1992), footballer
 Mason Holgate, footballer
 Dame Kelly Holmes (born 1970), middle-distance runner and Olympic gold medallist
 Colin Jackson (born 1967), retired hurdler
 David James (born 1970), retired professional footballer and goalkeeper
 Aaron Lennon (born 1987), footballer
 Jack Leslie (died 1988), footballer
 Denise Lewis (born 1972), retired track and field athlete, sports presenter
 Lennox Lewis (born 1965), retired professional boxer
 Devon Malcolm (born 1963), retired cricketer
 Adrian Mariappa (born 1986), footballer
 Ovill McKenzie (born 1979), retired professional boxer
Ishmael Miller, footballer
 Wes Morgan (born 1984), footballer
 Ravel Morrison (born 1993), footballer
 Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain (born 1993), footballer
 Christian Oxlade-Chamberlain (born 1998), footballer
 Michael Page (born 1987), professional boxer and mixed martial artist; mother was from Jamaica
 Jimmy Peters (born 1879), first black man to play rugby union for England
 Nathan Redmond, footballer
 Jason Robinson (born 1974), rugby international, first black captain of the England national rugby union team. Also the first former professional rugby league player to captain the England rugby union team
 Danny Rose (born 1990), footballer
 Ralph Rowe, (died 2013), Britain's first black Paralympian
 Tessa Sanderson (born 1956), athlete, the first and only British woman to win gold at an Olympic throwing event, and the first black British woman ever to win Olympic gold
 Alex Scott (born 1984), sports presenter, pundit and footballer. The first female football pundit at a World Cup for the BBC, the first female pundit on Sky Sports Super Sunday, and the first female to be a permanent presenter of Football Focus
 Chris Smalling (born 1989), footballer
 Dina Asher Smith, sprinter
 Louis Smith (born 1989), retired gymnast
 Djed Spence (born 2000), footballer
 Dujon Sterling, footballer
 Raheem Sterling, footballer
 Worrell Sterling, retired football player
 Daniel Sturridge (born 1989), footballer
 Andros Townsend (born 1991), footballer
 Theo Walcott (born 1989), footballer for Everton FC
 Kyle Walker, footballer
 Dillian Whyte (born 1988), boxer
 Ian Wright (born 1963), retired footballer
 Ashley Young (born 1985), footballer
 Delano McCoy-Splatt (born 2004), footballer

Writing and journalism
 Trish Adudu (born 1969), journalist, newsreader and TV presenter
 Akala (born 1983), journalist, author, activist and poet
 Raymond Antrobus (born 1986), poet, educator and writer. The first poet to win the Rathbones Folio Prize for his collection The Perseverance
 Barbara Blake-Hannah (born 1941), author and Journalist. British television's first black on-camera reporter and interviewer
 Valerie Bloom (born 1956), author and poet
 Anne Brodbelt (1751–1827), letter writer and social observer
 Syd Burke (died 2010), broadcaster, journalist and photographer
 Candice Carty-Williams (born 1989), writer and author. She was the first black woman to win the British Book Awards "Book of the Year" accolade for her novel Queenie
 Lady Colin Campbell (born 1949), author and socialite
 Patricia Cumper (born 1954), playwright, producer, director, theatre administrator, critic and commentator
 Ferdinand Dennis (born 1956), writer, broadcaster, journalist and lecturer
 Salena Godden, broadcaster, author, activist, memoirist and essayist
 Colin Grant (born 1961), author
 Victor Headley (born 1959), author and producer
 Ben Hunte, journalist and reporter
 Linton Kwesi Johnson (born 1952), poet and activist
 Darren Jordon, journalist
 Andrea Levy (died 2019), author, the first writer of colour whose pen would join the Royal Society of Literature's historic collection
 Una Marson (died 1965), writer, producer of plays and radio programmes. She was the first black female radio producer at the BBC
 Clive Myrie (born 1964), journalist, newsreader and TV presenter
 Zadie Smith (born 1975), author
 Vivian Virtue (died 1998), translator and broadcaster
 Charlene White (born 1980), journalist, newsreader and TV presenter
 Kerry Young (born 1955), author
 Benjamin Zephaniah (born 1958), author and dub poet

Others

 Fay Allen (died 2021), first black woman police constable in the United Kingdom
 Vanley Burke (born 1951), photographer and artist
 Sergeant William Robinson Clarke (died 1981), World War I airman who was the first black pilot to fly for Britain
 Joe Clough (died 1976), first Black bus driver in London
 Yvonne Conolly (died 2021), Britain's first female black headteacher
 Kevin Fenton (born 1966), epidemiologist and a regional director at Public Health England
 Wilston Samuel Jackson, fireman and Britain's first black train driver
 George "Fowokan" Kelly (born 1943), sculptor
 Errol Lloyd (born 1943), artist, writer, art critic, editor and arts administrator
 Ludlow Moody (died 1981), doctor
 Ronald Moody (died 1984), sculptor, Moody crater on Mercury was named after him in November 2008
 Mary Seacole (died 1881), nurse and businesswoman; voted the greatest black Briton

Fictional characters
 Lee Jordan, fictional character

See also
 List of Jamaicans
 List of Jamaican Americans

References

Jamaican
Jamaican British

British


Frederick John Caligiuri (October 22, 1918 – November 30, 2018) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played during  and  for the Philadelphia Athletics. Listed at 6' 0", 190 lbs., he batted and threw right-handed.

Biography

A native of West Hickory, Pennsylvania, Caligiuri was one of many major leaguers who saw their baseball careers interrupted by a stint with the United States Armed Forces during World War II.

A late-season 1941 call-up from Wilmington of the Interstate League, he entered the baseball record books while starting the last game of the season against the Boston Red Sox at Shibe Park. It was the game in which Ted Williams finished the season with a .406 batting average, the most recent .400 average in the majors. Williams went 2-for-3 against Caligiuri, who did not yield a run until the ninth inning, and finished with a complete game, six-hit, 7–1 victory over Baseball Hall of Fame standout Lefty Grove and his Red Sox, a game which also marked the last start for Grove, who retired before the 1942 season.

Over parts of two seasons, Caligiuri posted a 2–5 record with a 4.52 ERA in 18 appearances, including seven starts, giving up 49 runs (nine unearned) on 90 hits and 32 walks while striking out 27 in  innings of work.

From 1943 to 1945, Caligiuri served in the United States Army during World War II.

His wife of 73 years, Anne, died at the age of 91 on October 11, 2014.

Caligiuri died in Charlotte, North Carolina on November 30, 2018, at the age of 100. Caligiuri was recognized as the oldest living major league ballplayer until his death, with Tom Jordan succeeding him. Caligiuri was the last surviving retired MLB player who made his debut in the majors prior to the Pearl Harbor attack, which led to the United States' involvement in World War II.

On April 20, 2021, his sister Vi passed away in Florida at the age of 103.

References

External links

Retrosheet

1918 births
2018 deaths
American centenarians
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Major League Baseball pitchers
Men centenarians
People from Forest County, Pennsylvania
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Athletics players
Baseball players from Charlotte, North Carolina
United States Army personnel of World War II
Greenville Greenies players


All Saints' Church, Falmouth is a parish church in the Church of England Diocese of Truro located in Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom.

History
The foundation stone was laid by Albert, Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall (later Edward VII) in 1887. The church was designed by the architect J. D. Sedding in the Gothic Revival style. The aisles are narrow and there is a large east window of five lancets.

The church was consecrated on 17 April 1890 by Herbert Bree, Bishop of Barbados, in place of George Wilkinson, Bishop of Truro, who was ill.

The church of All Saints was built 1887–90 to the designs of John Dando Sedding, uncle of Edmund Harold Sedding. Fittings designed by him include the oak choir stalls, carved by Trask & Co. and the Devon marble font. As was often the case, the nephew was called upon to take over after his uncle died. In 1895, Edmund H. Sedding was the obvious choice to design the magnificent alabaster and marble pulpit executed by J. & E. Goad of the Plymouth Phoenix Steam Marble Works (RCG, 1895). In 1908 he also designed the elaborate reredos for All Saints. This was one of the instances where the Pinwill workshop did not carry out the work and Harry Hems of Exeter was chosen instead (CRO P257/2/53-58) but there are many fine examples of Pinwill woodcarving at All Saints.

More can be read about the carvings here: http://www.pinwillwoodcarving.org.uk/catalogue.htm#_Toc462143494

List of vicars
Thomas Taylor 1890–92. First Vicar of the newly created parish.
Montague Williamson, 1918–24. Subsequently Archdeacon of Bodmin, 1924–39.
Canon Clifford William George Wood, 1924–63
Raymond Lockwood Ravenscroft, 1964–68. Subsequently Archdeacon of Cornwall, 1988–96.
Donald Young OBE, 1969–70
Peter Eustice, 1971–76
Prebendary Edwin George John Stark, 1977–80
Albert Edmund Angus Murray-Stone, 1981–83
Peter Watts, 1984–94
James Stanley Scantlebury, 1994–98
Stephen Drakeley, 1999-2016
Bill Stuart-White, May 2018present

Organ

A plan of the organ case at County Records Office is dated 1893 and illustrates the north side, facing into the chancel, and the west elevation, although the design is slightly different from what was produced.

The elaborate case encloses an organ by Hele & Co of Plymouth, built in 1894, said at the time to be second only to the one in Truro Cathedral (RCG, 1894). An article in the Royal Cornwall Gazette records a service of dedication for the new organ, and remarks that the case of oak is 'enhanced by fine carving, adding much to the beauty of the chancel'.

Most of the instrument is the one originally constructed for this church by Hele & Co of Plymouth in 1894 at a cost of £750. At that time, the Choir and some slides on the Great and Swell were only "prepared for".

In 1926 it was given a clean and overhaul by Henry Speechly & Sons of London, who also added the Choir stops and soundboard, the reed stops at 16' and 4' on the Swell, 8' on the Great, and 16' on the Pedal.  They also installed the electric blower to replace the hand blowing apparatus previously used.

In 1950, Roger Yates of Michaelstow cleaned all the pipe work, and added the Swell Tremolo, the Pedal 4' Nachthorn, and the pneumatic relay to enable the Pedal Quint to be derived from the Bourdon/Bass Flute rank.

The work carried out by Yates is regarded as some of the finest work in Cornwall. Yates was trained by Henry Willis III (of Henry Willis & Sons), he was a master of his craft, both through his work with Henry Willis and Sons and also in his own name. Yates was also responsible for the fine organ in Newquay Parish Church, lost in a fire in 1993. Another example of his work is that of the organ in Kilkhampton Parish Church.

When voicing the organ at All Saints' he made full use of the resonance of the building, he voiced the organ to the acoustic of the building rather than voicing it to his preferred  choice.

Roger opened up the Great Diapason Chorus, pushing the pipework to its limit, (as was and is the Willis technique) thus creating a very bright and powerful chorus. The bright fifteenth (a Willis trademark) compensates for the lack of Great Mixture. The Twelfth and Fifteenth drawn together are a force not to be reckoned with, therefore making the chorus speak as if there were a Mixture in place.

Roger also blended and voiced the reeds, particularly the swell reeds. It is believed that his idea was to match the swell of the superb Father Willis organ of Truro Cathedral.

The organ has always been regarded as one of the finest in the county (and perhaps further afield) as it was stated to be second only to the one in Truro Cathedral (RCG, 1894), many notable organists have also made this statement.

In 2015 the organ was placed in the care of Henry Willis and Sons. When they took over the tuning contract they were almost certain that when Yates left the organ, he would most certainly have tuned it to the mysterious "Willis Scale".

List of organists

1890 W J Shoosmith
1903 Claire Cooper
1919 Francis Basset Rogers MA
1941 Ade Knocker ARCO
1946 Frederick J Herbert
1957 Leslie Millington
c1962 Alan Hall B Mus FRCO
c1970 Andrew Scrope-Shrapnel
1974 Michael Maine
1976 Alan Hall BMus FRCO
1980 John Clark
1990 Andrew Jenkins
1995 John Sherriff
2004 Roger King
2012 Matthew Seaton
2014 Daniel Shermon

References

External links

All Saints' Church, Falmouth (official website)

Church of England church buildings in Cornwall
Churches completed in 1887
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
Grade II* listed churches in Cornwall
All Saints
Falmouth

Grade II* listed buildings in Cornwall
National Heritage List for England


Francisco Manuel Lopes Vieira de Oliveira Dias (17 February 1930 – 14 January 2019) was a Portuguese politician.

Background
He was son of Francisco António do Amaral Dias, a Medical Doctor, and wife Maria Isabel Charters Lopes Vieira da Câmara de Oliveira (b. 1904), of English descent, related to the 1st Viscounts of São Sebastião.

Career
He was a collaborator of the Founders of then Democratic and Social Center (CDS), and occupied many offices in this Party.

In 1974 he was elected a Deputy to the Constituent Assembly and in 1976 to the Assembly of the Republic, where he was successively elected until 1983.

He was the 4th President of the Assembly of the Republic between 22 October 1981 and 2 November 1982, during which he was also a Member of the Portuguese Council of State.

He was also a Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the European Council and of its Commission of Education and Culture.

He died on 14 January 2019, aged 88.

Family
He married Maria das Mercês Coelho da Silva Gil, daughter of Adelino da Silva Gil (Figueira da Foz, Alhadas, 27 October 1885 - Lisboa, 25 June 1935) and wife Deolinda Duarte Coelho (Vouzela, Vouzela, 1 March 1887 - Lisbon, 26 September 1955), and had eleven children:
 Maria Isabel Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Francisco Maria Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Paulo Gil de Oliveira Dias
 João Manuel Gil de Oliveira Dias
 José Pedro Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Maria das Mercês Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Nuno Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Miguel Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Maria do Carmo Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Marta Maria Gil de Oliveira Dias
 Maria Madalena Gil de Oliveira Dias

References

 Os Presidentes do Parlamento (Presidents of the Portuguese Parliament), Assembly of the Republic

1930 births
2019 deaths
Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)
CDS – People's Party politicians
Portuguese people of English descent


Folke Zettervall (21 October 1862 – 12 March 1955) was a Swedish architect and head architect with the Swedish State Railways
(Statens Järnvägar) between 1895 and 1930.

Biography
Zettervall was born at Lund, Sweden. He was the son of  architect Helgo Zettervall (1831–1907). He started his studies at Katedralskolan  (Högre Allmänna Läroverket) in Uppsala and continued in Copenhagen at Copenhagen Technical College (Københavns Tekniske Skole). He continued his education in architecture at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (Kunst-Akademiets Arkitekturskole) from 1885 to 1888.

After graduation, Zettervall was licensed as an architect and first worked for his father who was chief of Board superintendent for the administration of state buildings (Överintendentsämbetet). In 1890 he was recruited by Adolf W. Edelsvärd (1824–1919) to work on the architectural office of the Swedish national railway system,  Statens Järnvägar. When Edelsvärd retired in 1895, Zettervall first became acting architect and in 1898 he became the National Railroad's chief architect until 1931.

During his career, Hann Zettervall draw about 260 station houses which were built throughout Sweden. In addition, he had a number of other commissions including drawing the plans for Suntak Church (Suntaks kyrka)  at Tidaholm, the former courthouse  at Krylbo (Krylbo tingshus) and  the county hall at Sollefteå (Sollefteå tingshus).

Style
Zettervall was influenced by the Richardson style when he designed several railway stations in Sweden during the 1800s.

Gallery

References

1862 births
1955 deaths
People from Lund
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
19th-century Swedish architects
20th-century Swedish architects


Target Toss Pro: Bags is an arcade video game by Incredible Technologies based on the backyard game Cornhole. A version for WiiWare co-developed by n-Space was released on November 17, 2008 in North America.

Overview
Target Toss Pro: Bags is an alternative sports video game based on the game Cornhole. Gameplay consists of throwing bean bags onto a board with a hole in it. Getting a bag inside the hole scores extra points. The WiiWare version uses the motion sensing technology of the Wii Remote for play. The game features up to 16 player tournaments, the choice of male and female players, and extended leaderboards.

Development
Target Toss Pro: Bags was initially developed by Incredible Technologies for arcade systems in 2007. They later collaborated with n-Space to create a WiiWare version. Executive director Andy Kniaz stated that he wanted to bring it to the Wii because "the use of the Wiimote captures the physical motion of the game perfectly", and cited Wii Bowling as an inspiration for a re-playable sports game experience. He later stated that they chose n-Space to develop the game because "There was a lot of mutual respect between the two teams, and based on their past work we had a high degree of confidence that they could help us capture the essence of our game."

Reception
WiiWare World gave the game 6 out of 10, commenting that the game wasn't really something to play by yourself but said it was great fun with friends. IGN rated the game 6/10, stating "playing [Cornhole] through WiiWare feels like kind of a third-string alternative, and one that should probably only be pursued by diehard fans of the sport."

References

External links
Official website
Target Toss Pro: Bags for the WiiWare

2007 video games
Arcade video games
Fitness games
Incredible Technologies games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States
WiiWare games
N-Space games


Lake Leqinat or Lake Lićenat ( or Leqinati, or Liqeni i Kuqishtës; ) is a mountain lake found on the Mount Leqinat in the Accursed Mountains in western Kosovo. This lake is well known throughout Kosovo and is visited by people going to the Rugova Canyon or by people climbing nearby peaks such as Leqinat  and Guri i Kuq at . Lake Leqinat is at an elevation of . Lake Leqinat is just above the village of Kuqishtë.

See also
 Little Liqenat Lake
 Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park
 List of lakes of Kosovo

References

Leqinat
Accursed Mountains


Adolf Wilhelm Edelsvärd (28 June 1824 – 15 October 1919) was a Swedish architect,  engineer and military officer.

Biography
Edelsvärd was born at Östersund in Jämtland, Sweden.  His father, Fredrik Wilhelm Edelsvärd, was a military officer and engineer.
He studied civil architecture, both in Sweden and in England. He was promoted to lieutenant in the Dalarna Regiment in 1844.  He served as head architect for the Swedish National Railways (Statens Järnvägar)  from 1855–1895.

His designs included the Gothenburg Central Station (1856), Norrköping Central station (1865), Uppsala Central station (1865), Stockholm
Central Station (1869) and  Malmö Central station  (1890). He also designed the  exhibition hall in Kungsträdgården for the General Industrial Exposition of Stockholm (1866).

Gallery

References and notes

Further reading

External links

1824 births
1919 deaths
People from Östersund
Swedish military engineers
Swedish architects
Swedish engineers
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry


Christine Dean FRCPsych (born 1939) is an English psychiatrist consulting at the Priory Hospital, Roehampton, the British Association of Performing Arts Medicine (BAPAM), The Helen Bamber Foundation, in her private practice and as a medical member of the Mental Health Review Tribunals, Ministry of Justice.

Biography
Dean was born in Crewe, Cheshire, in 1939 and attended Crewe County Grammar School and won a state scholarship to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh and after qualifying practised general medicine and general practice in the West Midlands. She completed an Open University degree specialising in the history of art before training in psychiatry in Edinburgh.

In 1979 Dean joined the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit in Edinburgh under the directorship of Norman Kreitman and conducted collaborative research on the epidemiology of depression which involved interviewing a random sample of the female population in Edinburgh. The findings were that women who were working class, unemployed and divorced, separated or widowed had more than ten times the rate of depression and anxiety compared with women who were middle class, married or single and employed. Shortly after this Dean became a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh under Robert Kendell, who was head of department. She conducted research with Kendell on post-natal depression and puerperal psychosis and found that women who were having their first baby, those who had a caesarean section and those who were unmarried were more likely to develop puerperal psychosis following childbirth.

At this time Dean collaborated with Sir Patrick Forrest (Professor of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh) in the first random controlled study to compare the psychological effects of mastectomy, for breast cancer, compared with mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. The study demonstrated the psychological and practical benefits of immediate breast reconstruction and this is now routinely offered to women requiring mastectomy. In 1983 she obtained a MD from the University of Edinburgh presenting the thesis 'The psychosocial morbidity of mastectomy : a follow up study'.  In 1982 Dean took up a consultant psychiatrist post in Manchester and with Francis Creed, established one of the first day hospitals to provide an alternative to hospital admissions for people with acute mental health problems. Whilst in Manchester she was appointed as one of the first medical Unit General Managers in the UK, following the Griffiths Report (1983), and managed the mental health services, the community services and the dental hospital at Central Manchester Health Authority. During this time Dean set up an Arts project for patients, START. The project resulted in some of the works produced by the patients being displayed in Manchester City Art Gallery.

Another innovative project by Dean, whilst she was in Manchester, was the establishment of a peripatetic day service with professionals visiting different community health centres and providing therapeutic activities and groups near to the clients' homes.

Dean conducted research in Manchester with Lynne Webster and Neil Kessell evaluating the recently introduced Mental Health Act 1983 to examine whether the new act was more protective of patients' civil liberties than the previous Mental Health Act 1959.

Dean moved to Birmingham in 1987 to take up a post as senior lecturer at the University of Birmingham. She was also a consultant psychiatrist responsible for the deprived inner city area of Sparkbrook which has a large south Asian population. She found that the psychiatric hospital services did not meet the needs of this population, especially the needs of Asian women. As a result, she set up a home treatment service, which was the first in the UK, as an alternative to hospital admission for people who had acute mental health problems.

Dean subsequently conducted research comparing the home treatment service with the standard hospital in-patient service and found that patients and their relatives preferred the home treatment service and that the outcome from the clinical point of view was the same in both groups; this was true of patients from non-Asian backgrounds as well as Asian backgrounds.  Home treatment/crisis resolution services have since been adopted nationwide in the UK and are recommended in the NHS National Service Framework (1999) and the Mental Health Policy Implementation Guide (2001).

In 1990 Dean was asked to be a consultant with the Centre for Mental Health Service Development at King's College London. This organisation assisted NHS trusts throughout the UK to set up community services to enable them to provide alternatives to the large mental hospitals. Once alternatives were developed, these institutions were scaled down and closed as a result. Dean then became a director of the International Mental Health Network which was an organisation that linked together people in the UK and elsewhere in the world who were endeavouring to set up high quality community services. The International Mental Health Network also advised mental health services in Australia, New Zealand, the Czech Republic, England and Scotland who were setting up community services.

In 1998 Dean was appointed as Professor of Psychiatry and Clinical Director of Mental Health Services at Wolverhampton Mental Health Trust. During her years in Wolverhampton she established two new Home Treatment / Crisis Resolution services, an Early Intervention in Psychosis Service (for people aged 16 to 28) and an Assertive Outreach service for people with long-term mental health problems.

In 2003 Dean spent a year in Adelaide, South Australia as a director of a mental health service there and contributed to the development of community services.

Dean moved to London in 2004, where she was a consultant with the West London Mental Health Trust. She was a consultant responsible for clients of two new Home Treatment/ Crisis Resolution teams in West London and then for a newly established Assertive Outreach service.

Dean is employed by the Ministry of Justice, as medical member of the Mental Health Review Tribunal which hears the cases of people who are appealing against their detention under a section of the Mental Health Act 1983. She also worked as a consultant for the Helen Bamber Foundation which assist people who are victims of human rights abuse, seeing people who have mental health problems. Dean has maintained her interest in the arts and is a consultant psychiatrist to the British Association of Performing Arts Medicine. This organisation is for performing artists who have medical problems of any kind, including mental health problems.

Dean is a Visiting Consultant at the Priory Hospital Roehampton and has a private practice in central London.

See also
List of psychiatrists

References

External links
British Association of Performing Arts Medicine
START
Mental Health Review Tribunal
Christine Dean's personal website

English psychiatrists
Living people
1939 births
People from Crewe
Fellows of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
British women psychiatrists


Gabriella Machado e Silva (born December 12, 1988 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian butterfly swimmer and Olympian. As of October 2008, she was the South American and Brazilian record holder in the long-course 100-metre butterfly.

At the 2007 Pan American Games, in Rio de Janeiro, Gabriella won the bronze medal in the 100-metre butterfly. She also won bronze in the 4×100-metre medley  by participate in heats, but, subsequently, this result was impeached due to Rebeca Gusmao's doping.

Gabriella competed at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, where she finished 7th in the Women's 100-metre butterfly, and was a member of Brazil's women's 4×100-metre medley Relay which finished 10th.

At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome, Gabriella Silva finished in 5th place in the 100-metre butterfly, getting the best placement of a Brazilian woman in the World Championships. She was also a finalist in the 4×100-metre medley, finishing in 8th place and finished 13th place in the 50-metre butterfly.

She was at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Irvine, where she finished 5th in the 50-metre butterfly, and 15th in the 100-metre butterfly.

At the 2011 Pan American Games, in Guadalajara, Gabriella finished 10th in the 100-metre butterfly, not going to the final.

Early Retirement
After the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome, she did two operations on her shoulders to fix a "looseness in the joint capsule of the left shoulder" (congenital), and never managed to get good results as before. So, in January 2013, at age 24, defeated by the pains and injuries, she announced her retirement.

Records
 Long course (50 meters)
 Former South American record holder at 50m butterfly: 26.02, obtained on July 31, 2009
 South American record holder at 100m butterfly: 56.94, obtained on July 27, 2009
 South American record holder at 4 × 100 m medley: 3:58.49 obtained on August 1, 2009 with Fabiola Molina, Carolina Mussi and Tatiana Lemos

 Short course (25 meters)
 Former South American record holder at 100m butterfly: 58.75, obtained on November 15, 2008
 South American record holder at 50m butterfly: 25.93 obtained on September 12, 2010

See also
List of South American records in swimming
List of Brazilian records in swimming

References

 2008 Olympics profile

1988 births
Living people
Brazilian female butterfly swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Brazil
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 2011 Pan American Games
Swimmers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
South American Games gold medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 2006 South American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games
21st-century Brazilian women
20th-century Brazilian women


Big Bang Theory most commonly refers to:

The Big Bang, a cosmological model of the universe
The Big Bang Theory, an American TV sitcom

It may also refer to:

Music
 "The History of Everything", AKA the theme from ''The Big Bang Theory", a song by 2007 Barenaked Ladies
 Big Bang Theory (Billy Bang album) (2000)
 Big Bang Theory (Styx album) (2005)
 Big Bang Theory (Harem Scarem album) (1998)

Other uses
 "The Big Bang Theory" (Family Guy), a 2011 episode of the TV series

See also
 Big Bang (disambiguation)