Alirajpur is one of the 52 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in India. It was created from Alirajpur, Jobat and Bhabra tehsils of the former Jhabua district on 17 May 2008. It is the least literate district in India as per Census 2011. Alirajpur is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district occupies an area of , and at the 2011 census had a population of 728,999. It includes the city of Alirajpur.

Origin of name
The district is named after its headquarters, Alirajpur, which was the capital of the former princely state of Ali Rajpur. The name of this town is derived by conjoining Ali (the fortress town and the former capital of the princely state founded by Anand Deo in 1437) and Rajpur (the latter capital).
According to the 2011 census Alirajpur district has a population of 728,677, roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan or the US state of Alaska. This gives it a ranking of 498th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 229 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 19.4 per cent. Alirajpur has a sex ratio of 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 37.22 per cent, the lowest in India.

Divisions
This district comprises five tehsils: Alirajpur, Jobat, Sondwa Chandra Sekhra Ajad Nagar and Kathiwada.

Presently, there are two Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Alirajpur and Jobat. Both of these are part of Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Alirajpur district has a population of 728,999, roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan or the US state of Alaska. This gives it a ranking of 498th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 19.45 per cent. Alirajpur has a sex ratio of 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 37.22 per cent, the lowest in India. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3.69% and 88.98% of the population respectively.

Almost 90% of the population speaks different Bhili dialects. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 53.68% of the population in the district spoke Bhilali, 35.42% Bhili, 7.27% Hindi and 1.87% Gujarati as their first language.

See also
 Jambukheda

References

External links
 Official website

Districts of Madhya Pradesh


Kyriak Kostiantynovych Kostandi (;  – 31 October 1921) was a prominent painter and an art scholar from the Russian Empire. A member of the Russian realist artistic movement Peredvizhniki (lit. Itinerants) he also authored several Impressionist paintings.

Most of Kostandi's life and work is connected with the city of Odesa (now in Ukraine) in the southwest of the Russian Empire where he lived most of his life. His paintings are displayed in the museums of Odesa, Kyiv, Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Life
Kostandi was born in 1852 in Dofinovka, close to the city of Odesa, in a family of Greek descent.
Kostandi graduated from the Odesa Drawing School in 1874, and then the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1882. He then returned to Odesa, where he painted and taught at the drawing school. In 1897 he joined the Peredvizhniki. Kostandi played an important part in introducing the ideology of the Peredvizhniki to Ukraine. He was one of the founders of the Society of South Russian Artists, serving as the society's president from 1902 to 1920. In 1907 he was elected a full member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts. From 1917 he served as director of the Odesa City Museum.

Kostandi was a strict realist, and was opposed to every formalist trend. He was mainly a genre painter, but also did some landscape painting and portrait painting. After his death, his followers started the Kostandi Society of Artists .

Characteristics of art
Kostandi is an artist whose canvases are built at the junction of high craftsmanship and an understanding of tragic existence. They are characterized by a wide range of social problems, which cannot but concern him. At the end of the 1880s, a change occurs in Kostandi's work. He remains committed to the genre of life but fundamentally changes the artistic approaches and his view of the essence of painting. At that time, he considers the problems of sunlight and plain air to be the most important ones. In a sense, inheriting the masters of Impressionism, for which the importance of temporal and psychological unity, Kostandi, in his small paintings tries to stop time and moment of feeling. His contemporaries have pointed out that Kostandi was a philosophical artist. From the 1890s all his paintings have the peculiarity of a small plotline, almost minimalism in the image, combined with a high poetic mood. It is the transmission of feelings and moods that becomes the artist's main aim.

Gallery

References

 Кириак Константинович Костанди, Энциклопедиа Кругосвет
 Кириак Константинович Костанди Энциклопедия живописи и графики art-catalog.ru
 Kyriak Kostandi. Drawings and Watercolors from the Odessa Art Museum. Catalogue. Odessa, Optimum, 2010.

External links

1852 births
1921 deaths
Artists from Odesa
People from the Russian Empire of Greek descent
Painters from the Russian Empire


Portuguese is the third most spoken language of the Americas, and the second most spoken language in South America. It is the sole official language of Brazil and is a co-official language of several regional organizations, notably Mercosul, UNASUL, ACTO, CELAC, the Rio Group, and ALADI.

The main varieties of Portuguese spoken in South America are Brazilian Portuguese (spoken by the vast majority), Uruguayan Portuguese and a mixed variety known as Portuñol/Portunhol.

Geographic distribution

Brazil is the largest country in which Portuguese is spoken in all of the Americas, with a population of approximately 220 million people, almost all of whom are native speakers of Portuguese. The size of this population renders Portuguese an important regional and world language. Research in regional and social variation in the Brazilian dialects of Portuguese, known together as Brazilian Portuguese, reveals the diversity of this language. The country also received settlers from Portugal and white settlers from former Portuguese African colonies, Eurasian settlers from Macau and East Timor.

Argentina was the first Spanish-speaking member state of Mercosur to participate in the Frontier schools project. It involves the exchange of language teachers with Brazil. Secondary schools are now required to offer Portuguese as a foreign language. The same goes for primary schools in provinces bordering Brazil.

Uruguay, born out of conflict first between the Spanish and Portuguese empires and then Brazil and Argentina, has Portuguese speakers in its northern region. The acronym DPU (Dialectos Portugueses del Uruguay) is used to describe the varieties of Portuguese spoken in this region. DPU is not standardized and so Brazilian Portuguese serves as the primary model for Uruguayan speakers of Portuguese, native and non-native speakers alike. Instruction in Portuguese has now been increased in the Uruguayan education system. In the northern departments bordering Brazil, education has become bilingual combining Spanish and Portuguese as languages of instruction.

Paraguay has been receiving waves of Brazilian immigrants for decades, known as Brasiguaios. Unlike in Uruguay, the Brasigaios are a result of more recent immigration and, as such, are more markedly Brazilian in speech and cultural identity. These immigrants tend to settle in the eastern regions of the country and most originate from the Brazilian state of Paraná. Estimates of the size of this community range from 200,000 to 500,000.

Venezuela has a large and prominent Portuguese immigrant community, one of the largest in northern South America. Its membership in MERCOSUR is pending and, towards that end, the Venezuelan government has begun to encourage the teaching of Portuguese as a second language. Portuguese is to be made available in the public school system.

The importance of Brazilian Portuguese
In South America, Brazilian Portuguese is the standard form of Portuguese for learners and non-native speakers. P.l.e. (Português como língua estrangeira) is the acronym used to describe the learning and instruction of Portuguese as a second or foreign language; a term comparable to ESL. Brazil's growing international profile and the adoption of Portuguese as an official language of Mercosur have created a demand for non-native fluency in Portuguese in the Hispanic member states. This has accompanied a growth in the private language instruction in Portuguese in said countries.

The Museum of the Portuguese language (the second language museum in the world) is located in São Paulo, Brazil.

The Brazilian Ministry of education has developed a proficiency test in Portuguese specifically for Brazil and based on the Brazilian norm: CELPE-Bras

The latest orthographic agreement was ratified first by Brazil and while it requires adjustments in spelling, hyphenation and accentuation from all CPLP member states, the agreement favours the Brazilian norm.

Media and popular culture
Portuguese-speaking communities in South America outside of Brazil form the primary audience for Brazilian and Portuguese satellite television in their respective countries. Such programming be it football matches, telenovelas or variety shows allow lusophones outside of Brazil to access media and cultural content in Portuguese and stay informed and connected to events in Brazil. Rede Globo and RTPi are available throughout all of the Americas.

See also
Brazilian Portuguese
Angolan Americans
Portuguese Canadians
Papiamento
Cape Verdean Argentine
CELPE-Bras
MERCOSUL
Treaty of El Pardo (1778)
History of the Lusophone Americans in Newark, New Jersey
Portuguesa (state)
Portuguese Americans
Uruguayan Portuguese
Lusophone
Portuguese colonization of the Americas

References

External links
Governo uruguaio torna obrigatório ensino do português
Brasil estenderá a Paraguai e Uruguai projeto Escolas Bilíngües de Fronteira
Regional Blocs as a Barrier against English Hegemony? The Language Policy of Mercosur in South America

Americas
Portuguese diaspora in South America
Portuguese language in the Americas


The Flintstones: The Surprise at Dinosaur Peak is a platform game for the Nintendo Entertainment System released by Taito in 1994. The game was never released in Japan unlike its predecessor The Flintstones: The Rescue of Dino & Hoppy.

Gameplay

The player can switch playable characters between both Fred and Barney, and they both have different attacks and abilities. Barney, a friend of Fred's, has a slingshot that he can employ at a specific range to assault adversaries, while Fred can use a club to pound opponents. Some parts of the game require different strategies often cases where you will have to swap one to another automatically in order to get past certain obstacles or jump onto certain platforms. Fred can also throw an item that will stun or completely kill an enemy or boss.

Development and release

The Flintstones: The Surprise at Dinosaur Peak is believed to have been released in North America exclusively to Blockbuster Video as a rental title.  Though despite constantly being cited as such in modern online reviews and websites, no evidence has been found. Some have even refuted the claim by saying that the game was sold in regular stores. Despite this, it remains one of the rarest games for the NES due to its late release during the console's production cycle and a low number of copies produced. As of 2017 copies of the game available on eBay and other similar sites usually sell for over $800 USD to as high as $1,500 as of 2016. In Europe, the game is slightly more common and cheaper but still typically sells for over US$1,000.

Reception

Allgame gave a review score of 4 out of 5 stars criticized the recycled animation from previous Flintstones game and noting the polished graphics and praising the ability to switch between Fred and Barney and both characters have different weapons and abilities.

References

1994 video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Platformers
Taito games
Video games based on The Flintstones
Video game sequels
Cartoon Network video games
Video games developed in Japan
Single-player video games


The women's 82.5 kg powerlifting event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was contested on 14 September at the Beihang University Gymnasium in Beijing, China. This event was the second-heaviest of the women's powerlifting weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of  of body mass.

As with all Paralympic powerlifting events, lifters competed in the bench press. Each athlete was allowed three attempts to bench press as much weight as possible. Athletes attempting to break a record were allowed a fourth attempt. For the attempt to be valid, the competitor must have lowered the weighted bar to her chest, held it motionless for a moment, then pressed the bar upwards until her arms were fully extended. If the competitor failed to meet these requirements or any other rule infraction was committed, the attempt was declared invalid by a team of three referees and the result struck from the record.

Results

Key: WR=World record; NMR=No marks recorded

References

Women's 082.5 kg
Para


Meeting on Southern Soil is an album by Norman Blake and Peter Ostroushko, released in 2002.

Reception

Writing for Allmusic, the music critic Chris Nickson wrote of the album, "Albums like this renew the roots of American music, bringing new blood (tunes and songs) into what is really a flowing river of history. To hear these two together is a sheer joy and a triumph of musical skill and love."

Track listing
All songs Traditional unless otherwise noted.
"Blackberry Blossom" – 3:37
"Rise When the Rooster Crows	" – 3:14
"President Richard Milhous Nixon's Hornpipe" (Ostroushko) – 3:17
"Blake's Railroad Blues" (Blake) – 8:45
"Muddy Creek" – 2:59
"Little Bessie" –  6:03
"Chickamauga" (Ostroushko) – 4:03
"Only a Bunch of Violets" – 4:33
"Oklahoma Redbird" – 2:44
"I Cannot Call Her Mother" – 3:46
"Marjorie's Waltz #3" (Ostroushko) – 6:52
"The Old Hickory Cane" – 3:19
"Oh Death" – 4:53
"Mandolin Medley: Caperton Ferry/Ruins of Richmond/Valley Head" (Blake) – 4:58
"The Little Log Hut in the Lane" – 2:40
"Christmas Eve Is Coming, Anna" (Ostroushko) – 3:04

Personnel
Peter Ostroushko – guitar, mandolin, fiddle, mandola, vocals
Norman Blake – guitar, mandolin, vocals
Nancy Blake – cello

Production notes
Norman Blake – mixing
Peter Ostroushko – mixing
Jim Emrich – engineer
David Glasser – mastering
Carla Leighton – art direction, design
Billy Pierce – assistant engineer
Lane Brown Taylor – photography

References

2002 albums
Norman Blake (American musician) albums
Peter Ostroushko albums
Red House Records albums


The 110th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Bradford County and Wyoming County and includes the following areas:

 Bradford County
 Albany Township
 Asylum Township
 Athens
 Athens Township
 Herrick Township
 Le Raysville
 Litchfield Township
 New Albany
 Orwell Township
 Pike Township
 Rome
 Rome Township
 Sayre
 Sheshequin Township
 South Waverly
 Standing Stone Township
 Stevens Township
 Terry Township
 Towanda
 Tuscarora Township
 Ulster Township
 Warren Township
 Wilmot Township
 Windham Township
 Wyalusing
 Wyalusing Township
 Wysox Township
 All of Wyoming County

Representatives

References

Government of Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Government of Sullivan County, Pennsylvania
Government of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
110


Mathematically Alive: A Story of Fandom is a 2007 documentary film about fans of the New York Mets directed by Katherine Foronjy and Joseph Coburn.

Awards
Best Documentary   - 2007 - New Jersey Film Festival, NY
Official Selection - 2007 - Coney Island Film Festival, NY
Official Selection - 2008 - Trenton Film Festival, NJ
Official Selection - 2008 - Westchester Film Festival, NY
Official Selection - 2008 - New Filmmakers Series, NY
Official Selection - 2008 - Baseball Film Festival - National Baseball Hall of Fame, NY
Official Selection - 2008 - Sport Psychology Institute Conference - The University of Southern Maine
Official Selection - 2008 - Queens Museum of Art, NY
Official Selection - 2008 - Queens International Film Festival, NY

External links

2007 films
2007 documentary films
2000s sports films
American sports documentary films
Baseball culture
Documentary films about baseball
Documentary films about fandom
New York Mets
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


The women's +82.5 kg powerlifting event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics was contested on 14 September at the Beihang University Gymnasium in Beijing, China. This event was the heaviest of the women's powerlifting weight classes, allowing competitors with over  of body mass.

As with all Paralympic powerlifting events, lifters competed in the bench press. Each athlete was allowed three attempts to bench press as much weight as possible. Athletes attempting to break a record were allowed a fourth attempt. For the attempt to be valid, the competitor must have lowered the weighted bar to her chest, held it motionless for a moment, then pressed the bar upwards until her arms were fully extended. If the competitor failed to meet these requirements or any other rule infraction was committed, the attempt was declared invalid by a team of three referees and the result struck from the record.

Results

Key: PR=Paralympic record; DNS=Did not start

References

Women's 82.5 kg
Para


The Mizpah Hotel is a historic hotel in Tonopah, Nevada, U.S. It is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

The Mizpah and the nearby Belvada Building, both five stories high, shared the title of tallest building in Nevada until 1927. The hotel was named after the Mizpah Mine and was the social hub of Tonopah. The hotel was pre-dated by the Mizpah Saloon, which opened in 1907, and was the first permanent structure in Tonopah. The hotel was financed by George Wingfield, George S. Nixon, Cal Brougher and Bob Govan and designed by George E. Holesworth of Reno, Nevada (other sources state that the architect was Morrill J.  Curtis). Brougher in particular was involved with the Belmont, Tonopah, Midway and Tonopah Mining Company and the Tonopah Divide Mining Company. Brougher owned the Tonopah Banking Corporation, which had an office in the lobby of the 1905 building, and was a director of the Bank of Italy in San Francisco.

The reinforced concrete hotel was faced with stone on the front and brick on the sides and rear. The neighboring three-story Brougher-Govan Block, with rooms on the upper floors, served as the first Mizpah and remains connected. Cast iron columns were used in the windows and fire escapes. The three and five story buildings are joined with a wood stairway crowned with a skylight. Steam heat was provided, along with the first elevator in Tonopah.

According to legend, Wyatt Earp kept the saloon, Jack Dempsey was a bouncer, and Howard Hughes married Jean Peters at the Mizpah.  But Wyatt Earp left Tonopah before the Mizpah was built, Hughes was married in Tonopah, but not at the Mizpah, and Dempsey asserted he was never a bouncer.  The hotel nevertheless features the Jack Dempsey Room and the Wyatt Earp Bar.

The hotel is said to house a ghost deemed the Lady in Red by hotel guests who have experienced her presence. Legend says that the Lady in Red is the ghost of a prostitute who was beaten and murdered on the fifth floor of the hotel by a jealous ex-boyfriend. Another widely accepted description of the events is that The Lady in Red had been caught cheating by her husband at the hotel after he had missed a train, who then proceeded to kill her in a jealous rage.  The Lady in Red haunting of the Mizpah was featured in season 5, episode 2 of Ghost Adventures on the Travel Channel.

The Mizpah changed hands several times through the years until Frank Scott of Las Vegas (who also built the Union Plaza Hotel) bought it in 1979. Scott updated the hotel with “all the modern conveniences,” acting as a bridge to the modern day, all the while preserving the antiquated romance that had first drawn him to the hotel. In all, the work took 2.5 years and cost almost $4 million.

The hotel had been shuttered since 1999, but in early 2011, the hotel was purchased by Fred and Nancy Cline of Cline Cellars, Sonoma, California, who renovated and reopened the building to the public in August 2011. The newly renovated hotel has 47 rooms, a bar, and two restaurants; The Pittman Cafe and the  Jack Dempsey Room. There are plans to renovate further rooms in the hotel annex and to add a small casino to the property.

See also
 Goldfield Hotel designed by Curtis and Holesworth

References

External links

 Mizpah Hotel

Hotels in Nevada
Tonopah, Nevada
Buildings and structures in Nye County, Nevada
Hotel buildings completed in 1905
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada
National Register of Historic Places in Tonopah, Nevada
Reportedly haunted locations in Nevada
1905 establishments in Nevada
Historic Hotels of America


The RBC Waterside Centre is a commercial development in the downtown core of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada built by local real estate developer Armour Group. The project involves demolishing six heritage buildings and replacing them with a nine storey retail and office building, clad at ground level with the reconstructed facades of most of the former heritage buildings.

Site
The original six buildings occupy a downtown block facing the Halifax waterfront bounded by Upper Water Street, Duke Street, Hollis Street and the Cogswell Interchange. Along with the adjacent waterfront buildings of Historic Properties and the Victorian commercial buildings of the Granville Mall, the site is one of the only intact blocks of 19th-century buildings in Downtown Halifax. It includes the oldest storefront in Halifax and the site of the famous 18th-century tavern “The Great Pontack”, where James Wolfe planned the siege of Louisbourg and Quebec. The buildings have housed commercial and retail tenants, but Armour group has said that the buildings are no longer economical and their replacements by facades should be seen as restoration.  The buildings on the block include the 1820 Harrington MacDonald-Briggs Building the oldest remaining commercial building in Halifax, the 1861 Fishwick & Company Building, the 1926 Imperial Oil Building as well as the 1840 Sweet Basil Building, the last wooden "sailortown" building on Halifax's Water Street.

The only building on the historic block not facing demolition by Armour group is the Morse’s Tea Building owned by another developer who has converted the 1841 structure for office use and retained its interior and exterior structure.

Debate

The proposed development has split municipal politicians in Halifax. Those opposed, such as the Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia, say that Halifax is losing its small and dwindling number of heritage buildings which are a resource for culture and tourism. Supporters like the Downtown Halifax Business Commission say that developers should be given a free rein to promote economic activity. The debate also led Nova Scotia's Conservative Premier Rodney MacDonald to intervene in the city's politics in support of the development and demolition.

Almost all of the presenters at public hearings in September 2008 opposed the project, including officials in the province's tourism industry.
A signature with over 690 names opposing the development was presented to Halifax City Council in October 2008 Possible solutions have been suggested include a land swap or a compromise development but to date all have been rejected by Armour Group except for an offer to reduce the office tower by two stories if given large property tax breaks.

The heritage buildings on the block were saved from demolition in the 1970s when heritage advocates stropped a planned Harbourfront expressway promoted by city traffic engineers and developers which would have demolished all older buildings on the waterfront. The move was seen as key to reviving the Halifax waterfront and Halifax's downtown tourism.  Heritage proponents have argued that the pending demolition underscores Halifax's weak heritage laws. Unlike most older North American cities, Halifax has no heritage districts preserving blocks of heritage buildings but only has individual building designation which may easily be overturned by developers seeking demolition.

Rejection, appeal and demolition
The development was rejected by the council of Halifax Regional Municipality in a tie vote on October 21, 2008. The head of Armour Group, Ben McCrea, initially said he would not appeal as it would create bad publicity.  However Doug MacIsaac of Armour Group announced on October 31 that his company would appeal council's decision to Nova Scotia’s Utility and Review Board, the same day as his company began demolition of the first of the six buildings, the former Sweet Basil restaurant. The Board overturned Halifax council's decision on March 26, 2009, and Halifax council voted on April 7 not to appeal the Board's decision.

Completion and occupancy

The development was substantially completed by early 2014. The Royal Bank of Canada committed to occupying four floors of the building, including the ground level, in order to house their Atlantic Canada regional headquarters and flagship downtown branch, both relocated from their current premises on George Street. Royal Bank held a competition open to students and recent graduates of the adjacent Nova Scotia College of Art and Design seeking a "signature artwork" for the development.

RBC moved to the Waterside Centre from their old George Street location over a weekend in August 2014. An opening ceremony for the new building was held on 11 September 2014.

The building achieved LEED Gold certification in February 2016.

References

External links

 Project profile at Armour Group website

Buildings and structures in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Office buildings in Canada
Royal Bank of Canada


USS War Bug (SP-1795) was a motorboat in commission in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1918.

War Bug was built as the wooden-hulled motorboat Herreshoff 320 at Bristol, Rhode Island, in 1917 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company for a private owner, and probably was designed with possible naval service in mind. The U.S. Navy purchased Herreshoff 320 from Felix Warburg of New York City on 6 November 1917 for use as a patrol vessel in World War I. Armed and designated SP-1795, she was commissioned as USS War Bug on 17 November 1917.

War Bug was assigned to the 1st Naval District and served in waters near Boston, Massachusetts, through the end of World War I.

Due to an urgent need for craft such as War Bug at Brest, France, an order dated 14 October 1918 went out from Washington, D.C., to Boston directing the Commandant of the 1st Naval District to ready six section patrol boats -- USS Commodore (SP-1425), USS Cossack (SP-695), War Bug, USS Sea Hawk (SP-2365), USS Kangaroo (SP-1284), and USS SP-729—to be shipped to France as deck cargo along with spare parts to keep them operational. However, this proposed movement appears to have been cancelled, probably because of the armistice with Germany of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I and eliminated the need for more U.S. Navy patrol craft in Europe.

Decommissioned on 28 December 1918, War Bug was sold on 30 June 1919 to E. Atkins and Co., of Boston.

References
 for War Bug
 for SP-729 (ex-Apache)

External links

Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War I patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built in Bristol, Rhode Island
1917 ships


Gotham Writers Workshop, established in 1993, offers classes in creative writing and business writing, along with writing conferences and one-on-one services, including consults on publishing guidance with literary agents.

Gotham classes are offered in-person in New York City, on Zoom, and asynchronously Online. They offer courses in types of writing (fiction, memoir, screenwriting, etc.) and also in specific elements of writing (character, plot, grammar, etc.). Gotham also offers fiction classes in collaboration with  Zoetrope: All Story, the literary magazine founded by Francis Ford Coppola.

Gotham also offers free events, including free Write-Ins every Friday on Zoom.

Gotham Writers Workshop has produced three books, edited by school President Alexander Steele: Writing Fiction, Fiction Gallery, and Writing Movies. Writing Fiction is available in several foreign language editions: Escribir ficcion (Spanish); Lezioni di scrittura creativa (Italian); Romane und Kurzgeschichten schreiben (German); and Kezdő írók kézikönyve (Hungarian). Writing Movies is available as Escribir Cine (Spanish).

Faculty

Gotham faculty are all working writers, published or produced in their fields, as well as experienced teachers.

Gotham’s current faculty members include:

 NY Times bestselling novelist Tatjana Soli
 Romance novelist Leigh Michaels
 Romance novelist Kristin Rockaway
 Mystery novelist Carole Buggé
 Joyland editor-in-chief Michelle Lyn King
 Graphic memoirist Teresa Wong
 Children’s book author Kody Keplinger
 Newbery medalist, children’s book author Erin Entrada Kelly

Gotham’s former faculty members include:

 NY Times bestselling novelist Ann Napolitano
 NY Times bestselling novelist Laura Dave
 Booker Prize winner, novelist Marlon James
 NY Times bestselling nonfiction author Ada Calhoun
 Newbery medalist, children’s book author Matt de la Peña
 Oscar winning screenwriter and director Jennifer Lee
 Pulitzer Prize winner, poet Tracy K. Smith
 Hugo and Nebula Award winner, science fiction author Ken Liu
 Bram Stoker Award winner, horror author Sarah Langan

Students

Gotham draws approximately 8,000 students per year, from practically every country in the world. Most Gotham classes are for students age 18 or over, with the exception of the teen courses, for ages 13-17.

Notable alumni of Gotham include:

 National Book Award finalist, novelist Min Jin Lee
 Novelist Daisy Alpert Florin
 Novelist, essayist, and poet Melissa Broder
 National Book Award finalist, memoirist Grace M. Cho
 Memoirist T Kira Madden
 Mystery novelist Sally Andrew
 Edgar Award winner, mystery novelist Angie Kim
 NY Times bestelling children’s book author Adam Silvera
 Emmy nominated TV writer Debora Cahn
 Playwright, screenwriter, and TV writer Wendy Riss Gatsiounis

References

External links

 Gotham books
 Gotham podcast, Inside Writing, 2020-2022

Creative writing programs
Educational institutions established in 1993
Education in New York City
1993 establishments in New York City


This is a complete list of the operettas of the Austrian composer Karl Michael Ziehrer (1843–1922).

List

References
Lamb, Andrew (1992), 'Ziehrer, C M' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London)
Some of the information in this article is taken from the related Dutch Wikipedia article.

External links
Ziehrer Foundation (in English and German)

Lists of operas by composer

Lists of compositions by composer


The Kugaryuak River is located in the Canadian Arctic territory of Nunavut in the southwest Kitikmeot Region. It forks into two entities, the Western Kugaryuak () and the Eastern Kugaryuak () and flows into Coronation Gulf.

Arctic charr abound in the Kugaryuak.

History
In 1928, a Hudson's Bay Company trading post was moved to Kugaryuak (Post Number: B.429) from Tree River.

The Kugaryuagmiut were a Copper Inuit subgroup that lived along the shores of the Kugaryuak. In 1990, three archaeological sites of tent rings were found along the Kugaryuak from precontact Inuit period.

See also
List of rivers of Nunavut

References

External links
 Photo, strandplain near the mouth of the river
 Photo, raised marine delta along the river
 Photo, bedrock gorge and marine beach plain, near the river
 Photo, delta at the river

Rivers of Kitikmeot Region
Hudson's Bay Company trading posts in Nunavut


The 1935–36 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's 27th season of play. The Canadiens slipped to last place in the Canadian division and did not qualify for the playoffs.

Regular season

This was a season of numerous changes. Leo Dandurand sold his share of the team and gave up the general manager and coach positions. Ernest Savard became general manager and Sylvio Mantha was made playing coach for the season. Johnny Gagnon returned to the club from Boston. Hector Blake made his debut for the Canadiens. Nels Crutchfield had to retire after an auto accident, and a benefit game was held for him in January 1936. Wildor Larochelle was traded to Chicago.

Final standings

Record vs. opponents

Schedule and results

Playoffs
The Canadiens did not qualify for the playoffs.

Player statistics

Regular season
Scoring

Goaltending

Awards and records
 Wilf Cude – NHL First All-Star team

See also
1935–36 NHL season

References

Notes

Montreal Canadiens seasons
Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens


Brandon Tate (born October 5, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at North Carolina.

Early years and family
Tate attended Hugh M. Cummings High School in Burlington, North Carolina, where he played football as a wide receiver, kick returner, and defensive back and basketball as a guard. In basketball, he won a state title in his junior season. In his 2004 senior football season, Tate had 66 receptions and 18 touchdowns, earning All-Conference honors.

Tate's brother, Barry, was a four-year letterwinner for Lenoir-Rhyne University in football.

College career
After high school, Tate attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Tate was one of seven true freshman to see game time. Tate played in all eleven games as a kick returner. In the Tar Heels game against the Utah Utes, Tate returned the opening kickoff 96 yards for a touchdown. Tate finished the season with 21 kick returns for 542 yards, and 29 punt returns for 267 yards. Tate finished 22nd in the country in kick off returns. In his freshman season, Tate finished second in the Atlantic Coast Conference in kick returns and third in punt returns.

In his sophomore season, Tate was one of only three players in the country to return two kickoffs for touchdowns. Brandon Tate caught his first pass from Cameron Sexton, in the Tar Heels game against the Virginia Tech Hokies. The pass was for 13 yards, with the catch happening just before the end of the first half. In the Tar Heels' game against Notre Dame, Tate returned a kick off 90 yards for a touchdown. Tate faked a pitch to teammate Quinton Person, and bolted down the field into the end zone. In the final game of the Tar Heels season, against Duke, Tate performed very well. With seventeen seconds remaining in the first half of the game, Tate returned a kick off 97 yards for a touchdown. That 97-yard return tied third longest return in North Carolina's history. Early in the fourth quarter, Tate returned a punt 54 yards for a touchdown. Tate became the third person in North Carolina football  history and the ninth player in NCAA  history to return a kickoff and a punt for a touchdown in the same game. Tate caught his first pass, a 17-yard reception, from Cameron Sexton.

In the opening game of Tate's junior season against James Madison, he caught his first touchdown pass of his career. Tate caught a 28-yard pass for his first catch of the season, as well as his first touchdown of his career. When North Carolina squared off against East Carolina, Tate returned a punt 58 yards for a touchdown. This was Tate's fifth career return for a touchdown, which tied the school record; which was held by Charlie Justice. In North Carolina's game against NC State, Brandon Tate recorded 168 all-purpose yards. He caught a 50-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Rome, a fullback, off of a flea flicker. In the Tar Heels' games against Wake Forest and Miami, Tate had over 200 all-purpose yards. In the Heels' game against Miami, Tate scored a 54-yard rushing touchdown off of a reverse. Tate set the ACC records for most all-purpose yards (2,382 yards) and most kick off returns (98) during his junior season. Tate saw more time at wide receiver in his junior season in 2007. Tate finished the season first in the ACC with 1,765 all-purpose yards; he also led his team with seven touchdowns. Tate caught 25 passes for 479 yards, averaging 19.2 yards per catch. In addition to that, Tate caught five touchdown passes. Tate averaged 24.1 for kick off returns and 9.4 yards for punt

In Tate's senior year, the Tar Heels were pitted against the McNeese State for their opening game of the collegiate football season. Tate dominated the game. In the first quarter of the game, Tate returned a punt 82 yards for a touchdown. Shortly after the start of the second quarter, Tate rushed 54 yards, being tackled just three yards shy of the end zone. In the third quarter of the game, Tate caught a 57-yard pass from T. J. Yates and ran for a touchdown. Tate ended up rushing for 106 yards, becoming the first North Carolina wide receiver to have a hundred-yard rushing game. Tate set a school record for most all-purpose yards in a game with 397 yards on just eleven touches. Tate also set the school record for highest punt return average in a game, with 47.3 yards per return (3 returns for 142 yards). In the Tar Heels' game against Miami, Tate set the NCAA record for most combined kick off and punt return yards in a career. He would finish the season with 3,523 total career return yards to his name. Before the Tar Heels' game against Notre Dame, Tate needed only 165 yards to become the eleventh player in NCAA history to reach 1,000 kick off return yards and 1,000 punt return yards. Tate returned a single punt for 9 yards, before leaving the game with a knee injury. Tate ended up tearing his ACL and MCL in his knee and missed the final seven games of the season. Tate also the ACC's all-time leader in kickoff returns (109) and kickoff return yardage (2,688).

Professional career

New England Patriots

2009 season
Tate was selected by the Patriots in the third round (83rd overall) of the 2009 NFL Draft. On July 16, he was signed to a four-year contract with a $755,000 signing bonus. He began the 2009 season on the non-football injury list, still recovering from his knee injury from the prior season. He was activated on October 24, in Week 7. He played that week against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as a reserve, recording one rush (an end-around) for 11 yards. Two weeks later, following the team's bye week, Tate started against the Miami Dolphins but did not have any catches in the game. Tate suffered another knee injury in the game and was placed on injured reserve on November 14, ending his season. He finished the season with 106 kickoff return yards.

2010 season
On September 12, 2010, in the Patriots' season-opening game against the Cincinnati Bengals, Tate ran the opening second-half kickoff back 97 yards for a touchdown. On October 4, 2010, Tate repeated the feat against the Miami Dolphins, this time returning the ball 103 yards. Tate scored his first career receiving touchdown on a 65-yard catch against the Minnesota Vikings in Week 8.

Tate played in 16 games, of which he started 10. He caught 24 passes for 432 yards and three touchdowns, and had 41 kick returns for 1,057 yards (25.8 yard average) and two touchdowns.

On September 3, 2011, the New England Patriots released Tate.

Cincinnati Bengals
On September 4, 2011, the Cincinnati Bengals claimed Tate off waivers. On October 30, 2011, Tate returned a punt for a 56-yard touchdown against the Seattle Seahawks, his first touchdown with the Bengals. On March 11, 2014 Tate re-signed with the Bengals.

Tate was re-signed by the Bengals on April 1, 2015, on a one-year contract. He recorded his first reception as a Bengal in a Week 1 loss to the Baltimore Ravens, he subsequently recorded his first receiving touchdown as a Bengal on a 44-yard reception from Andy Dalton in a Week Two 34–27 victory against the Cleveland Browns. The Bengals re-signed Tate to another one-year contract on March 4, 2016. During the season, Tate surpassed Mike Martin to become the Bengals all-time punt return yard leader.

Tate was released by the Bengals on August 30, 2016, having been beaten out for the primary return man role by undrafted rookie Alex Erickson. He left the team as the all-time leader in combined kick and punt return yards with 4,928 yards.

Buffalo Bills
Tate signed with the Buffalo Bills on September 6, 2016.

On March 20, 2017, Tate re-signed with the Bills.

New Orleans Saints
On July 31, 2018, Tate signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was released on September 1, 2018, as part of final roster cuts. He was re-signed on September 26, 2018, but was released six days later.

References

External links

 Cincinnati Bengals bio
 North Carolina Tar Heels bio

1987 births
Living people
Players of American football from Burlington, North Carolina
African-American players of American football
American football wide receivers
American football return specialists
North Carolina Tar Heels football players
New England Patriots players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Buffalo Bills players
New Orleans Saints players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


John Adams Jackson (November 5, 1825 – August 30, 1879) was a noted American sculptor.

Life
Jackson was born November 5, 1825 in Bath, Maine, and apprenticed to a machinist in Boston, where he gave evidence of talent by modelling a bust of Thomas Buchanan Read. There he studied linear and geometrical drawing and produced crayon portraits. Going abroad in 1853, he visited Florence, where he created several portrait busts in marble, then went to Paris in 1854, where he studied academic life drawing at the Académie Suisse. In 1858 he went to New York City, remaining until 1860, when he moved to Florence, Italy, which was afterward his home. Jackson died in Pracchia in Tuscany on August 30, 1879.

Works

Jackson's portrait busts include those of Daniel Webster (1851); Adelaide Phillips (1853); Wendell Phillips (1854); "Eve and the Dead Abel" (1862); "Autumn"; "Cupid Stringing his Bow"; "Titania and Nick Bottom"; "The Culprit Fay" (many times repeated); "Dawn" (repeated); "Peace"; "Cupid on a Swan"; "The Morning Glory" (a medallion repeated fourteen times); "Reading Girl" (1869); "Nusidora" (Vienna Exposition, 1873); "Hylas" (1875); and "Il Pastorello," an Abruzzi peasant-boy with his goat. He designed a statue of Dr. Elisha Kane, the arctic explorer, for the Kane monument association (1860); a group intended for the southern gate-house of the former Croton Lower Reservoir in Central Park, New York (1867, not installed); and the Civil War soldiers' monument at Lynn, Massachusetts (1874).

References

Sources
 Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson and John Fiske, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887–1889

External links
 AskArt description
 ArtNet entry

1825 births
1879 deaths
19th-century American sculptors
19th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
People from Bath, Maine


"Little Bit O' Soul" is a song written in 1964 by British songwriters John Carter and Ken Lewis. It was originally recorded by Coventry band The Little Darlings, and released in 1965 on Fontana Records in the UK.

The Music Explosion version
In 1967, the song was popularized in the United States by garage band The Music Explosion, whose version went to No. 1 on the Record World 100 Top Pops chart. and reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was the only hit for The Music Explosion. In Canada the song also reached No. 1, and the follow-up single "Sunshine Games" reached No. 42.

The single was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of one million copies. It appeared on an album of the same name released in August 1967.

"Little Bit O' Soul" has been subsequently covered by several bands including The Ramones and 2 Live Crew, who sampled the song’s melody. The hit single’s flip side, "I See The Light" (featuring a surf guitar bridge), was covered by The Fourth Amendment and had a resurgence on some radio stations in the Midwest in 1971.

References

1964 singles
1967 singles
Songs written by John Carter (musician)
Songs written by Ken Lewis (songwriter)
The Music Explosion songs
Laurie Records singles
1964 songs


, also titled The Downfall of Osen, is a 1935 Japanese silent film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi starring Isuzu Yamada. It is based on a short story by Kyōka Izumi.

Plot
While waiting for a delayed train at a train station, Sōkichi Hata, a medical professor, overhears other travelers talking about a courtesan in their midst. He reminisces his past when he was about to commit suicide and saved by Osen, a young woman acting as a decoy for a gang of traffickers led by Kumazawa. Osen convinces Kumazawa to take Sōkichi in as a servant, later learning that Sōkichi came to Tokyo to study medicine but failed due to his shortage of money. Outraged both at the gang's misdeeds and their repeated maltreatment of Sōkichi, she finally gives them away to the police and decides to help Sōkichi to take up his studies. When Sōkichi and Osen, who sees her solely as an elder sister, run out of money, she turns to prostitution and theft to help him finish his exams. After Osen is arrested by the police, Sōkichi's professor sees to his wellbeing.

Back in the present, the train personnel look for a doctor after one of the waiting travelers has collapsed. Sōkichi offers his help, only to find out that the collapsed person is none other than Osen. At the hospital, Sōkichi tries to make her recall their time together, but Osen, having lost her sanity, is unable to recognise him, stuck in memories of Sōkichi, whom she blames for having forgotten her.

Cast
 Isuzu Yamada as Osen
 Daijirō Natsukawa as Sokichi Hata
 Ichirō Yoshizawa as Ukiki
 Shin Shibata as Kumazawa
 Genichi Fujii as Matsuda
 Eiji Nakano as Professor

Legacy
Orizuru Osen was one in a series of adaptations of Izumi's stories directed by Mizoguchi, a writer he admired.
Film scholar Chika Kinoshita noted that the film occupies a special place within the critical reception of Mizoguchi's oeuvre and that it has been singled out as one of the earliest embodiments of his style in the late 1930s. In his Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors, Alexander Jacoby wrote that Orizuru Osen "displayed in embryo [its] director's capacity for rich atmospheric detail and his abiding concern with the oppression of women".

Orizuru Osen has repeatedly been screened with live benshi narration by Midori Sawato.

References

External links

Further reading

1935 films
Films directed by Kenji Mizoguchi
Japanese silent films
Japanese black-and-white films
Japanese drama films
1935 drama films
Silent drama films
Films based on short fiction


Intelligent Verification, including intelligent testbench automation, is a form of functional verification of electronic hardware designs used to verify that a design conforms to specification before device fabrication. Intelligent verification uses information derived from the design and specification(s) to expose bugs in and between hardware IPs. Intelligent verification tools require considerably less engineering effort and user guidance to achieve verification results that meet or exceed the standard approach of writing a testbench program.

The first generation of intelligent verification tools optimized one part of the verification process known as Regression testing with a feature called automated coverage feedback. With automated coverage feedback, the test description is automatically adjusted to target design functionality that has not been previously verified (or "covered") by other tests existing tests. A key property of automated coverage feedback is that, given the same test environment, the software will automatically change the tests to improve functional design coverage in response to changes in the design.

Newer intelligent verification tools are able to derive the essential functions one would expect of a testbench (stimulus, coverage, and checking) from a single, compact, high-level model. Using a single model that represents and resembles the original specification greatly reduces the chance of human error in the testbench development process that can lead to both missed bugs and false failures.

Other properties of intelligent verification may include:

 Providing verification results on or above par with a testbench program but driven by a compact high-level model
 Applicability to all levels of simulation to decrease reliance on testbench programs
 Eliminating opportunities for programming errors and divergent interpretations of the specification, esp. between IP and SoC teams
 Providing direction as to why certain coverage points were not detected.
 Automatically tracking paths through design structure to coverage points, to create new tests.
 Ensuring that various aspects of the design are only verified once in the same test sets.
 Scaling the test automatically for different hardware and software configurations of a system.
 Support for different verification methodologies like constrained random, directed, graph-based, use-case based in the same tool.

"Intelligent Verification" uses existing logic simulation testbenches, and automatically targets and maximizes the following types of design coverage:

 Code coverage
 Branch coverage
 Expression coverage
 Functional coverage
 Assertion coverage

History
Achieving confidence that a design is functionally correct continues to become more difficult.  To counter these problems, in the late 1980s fast logic simulators and specialized hardware description languages such as Verilog and VHDL became popular. In the 1990s, constrained random simulation methodologies emerged using hardware verification languages such as Vera and e, as well as SystemVerilog (in 2002), to further improve verification quality and time.

Intelligent verification approaches supplement constrained random simulation methodologies, which bases test generation on external input rather than design structure.  Intelligent verification is intended to automatically utilize design knowledge during simulation, which has become increasingly important over the last decade due to increased design size and complexity, and a separation between the engineering team that created a design and the team verifying its correct operation.

There has been substantial research into the intelligent verification area, and commercial tools that leverage this technique are just beginning to emerge.

See also
 Formal verification
 Functional verification

Vendors offering Intelligent Verification
 Logic Refinery, Inc.
 Mentor Graphics
 Synopsys (acquisition of NuSym)
 Breker
 Springsoft (acquisition of Certess)
 Valtrix Systems

Footnotes

References
 "Mentor offers 'intelligent' testbench generation tool", SDCSource, Feb 18, 2008.
 "Nusym focuses on intelligent verification" EETimes, May 2008.
 "Lifting the Fog on Intelligent Verification", SCDSource, May 2008.

Electronic circuit verification


Brandon Lewis Gibson (born August 13, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football and basketball at Washington State and was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the sixth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He also played for the St. Louis Rams and Miami Dolphins.

Early years
Gibson grew up in Puyallup, Washington and went to Stahl Jr High School then graduated from Governor John R. Rogers High School in 2005.

College career
Gibson finished his college career at Washington State as the school's all-time leading receiver with 2,756 yards and 182 receptions along with 17 touchdowns. He also played for the Washington State basketball team during the 2005-06 season, but decided to focus his attention on football.

In 2007, as a junior, Gibson started 11 games and was named to Phil Steele's Third-team All-America. Also, he was voted First-team All-Pac-10 honors. He set the WSU single-season record for receiving yards in a season with 1,180 on 67 receptions. He also led the team with nine touchdowns, a tie for third most touchdowns in a single season by a WSU Cougar. In 2006, he played in 12 games with no starts. He led the Cougars with 731 yards and was second on the squad in both receptions (49) and touchdowns (four). As a freshman, he earned a varsity letter after playing in 10 of the Cougars' 11 games during his debut season. Gibson ended the season with 9 catches for 172 yards (19.2 yard average) and 2 touchdowns.

Gibson seriously considered leaving Washington State to declare for the 2008 NFL Draft due to the team switching coaches, however, the new coaching staff convinced him to stay.

As a senior in 2008, Gibson earned the fourth varsity letter of his career after starting in each of WSU's 13 games. He was named honorable mention All-Pacific-10 Conference and the team Offensive Most Valuable Player. In 2008, he caught 57 passes for 673 yards and two touchdowns. After the season, he received an invitation to play in the Senior Bowl.

Professional career

Pre-draft
Gibson pulled his hamstring during the 2009 Senior Bowl in Mobile, Alabama.

Philadelphia Eagles
Gibson was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the sixth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He signed a four-year deal with Philadelphia on June 6, 2009.

After being inactive through the first two games of the 2009 season, Gibson played in his first NFL game on September 27 against the Kansas City Chiefs.

St. Louis Rams
Gibson was traded from Philadelphia to the St. Louis Rams on October 20, 2009 along with a fifth round draft pick in 2010 in exchange for linebacker Will Witherspoon. In his Ram debut, on November 15, 2009, he caught 7 passes for 93 yards, both Ram records for a rookie playing in his first game. The 93 yards was the most by any Ram receiver in 2009. His seven receptions in the game was also remarkable, as only teammate Danny Amendola had achieved that many receptions in a single game that season.

Miami Dolphins
On March 15, 2013, Gibson signed with the Miami Dolphins.

New England Patriots
On March 10, 2015, the New England Patriots signed Gibson to a one-year, $825,000 contract. Gibson was placed on injured reserve on August 24, 2015.

Gibson participated in The Spring League in 2017.

References

External links
 St. Louis Rams bio
 Philadelphia Eagles bio
 Washington State Cougars bio

1987 births
Living people
Players of American football from Puyallup, Washington
American football wide receivers
Washington State Cougars football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
St. Louis Rams players
Miami Dolphins players
New England Patriots players
The Spring League players
Cal Poly Mustangs football coaches


Montrose, also known as Sibley City, is an unincorporated community in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States along the eastern shore of Mobile Bay.

Montrose is part of the Daphne–Fairhope–Foley Micropolitan Statistical Area. Montrose has two sites included on the National Register of Historic Places, the Henry Stuart House and the Montrose Historic District.

History
The community was originally known as Sibley City in honor of Cyrus Sibley, an early landowner in the area. The name was then changed to Montrose, in honor of Montrose, Scotland. A post office first opened under the name Montrose in 1879.

Notable people
 Miller Reese Hutchison (1876–1944), electrical engineer and inventor credited with developing some of the first portable electric devices, such as the vehicle horn and hearing aid.
Eric Yelding, former Major League Baseball player for the Houston Astros and Chicago Cubs.

See also
Eastern Shore

References

Unincorporated communities in Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Baldwin County, Alabama


Artyom Olegovich Mikheyev (; born 28 October 1987) is a Russian former footballer.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Luch-Energiya on 2 November 2008 in a game against FC Amkar Perm.

External links
  Player page on the official FC Luch-Energia Vladivostok site

1987 births
Living people
Russian men's footballers
FC Luch Vladivostok players
Russian Premier League players
Men's association football midfielders
FC Smena Komsomolsk-na-Amure players


Evisceration Plague is the eleventh studio album by American death metal band Cannibal Corpse. Released on February 3, 2009 by Metal Blade Records, the album was produced at Mana Recording Studios by Hate Eternal guitarist Erik Rutan.

The album entered the US Billboard 200 at number 66, selling 9,600 copies its first week.

Background
Bassist Alex Webster said about the record:

In another interview with Terrorizer magazine, drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz stated his thoughts on the album saying: "I think working with Erik again has definitely brought things up a little for us. I mean all the band were involved in the writing process of this album along with Rutan and so I think this one's a tad more individual than Kill."

Release and promotion
The cover art was released December 14 and samples were made available through Amazon.com. The album was released with a bonus track in Europe and DVD as a deluxe edition. An autographed version of the album is now available for pre-order on the Metal Blade Records website.

It is the fifth Cannibal Corpse album to contain a title track (following Butchered at Birth, The Bleeding, Gallery of Suicide and The Wretched Spawn) and a video was produced for the song.

They also released a comic book where each song has its own comic.

A video for the song "Evisceration Plague" was released on May 9, 2009 on the YouTube account of Metal Blade Records.

A video was produced for the song "Priests of Sodom". The video was released on March 25, 2010.

Reception

Track listing

Credits
Writing, performance and production credits are adapted from the album liner notes.

Personnel

Cannibal Corpse
 George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher – vocals
 Pat O'Brien – lead guitar
 Rob Barrett – rhythm guitar
 Alex Webster – bass
 Paul Mazurkiewicz – drums

Guest musicians
 Erik Rutan – guitar solo on "Unnatural"

Production
 Erik Rutan – production, engineering, mixing
 Shawn Ohtani – additional engineering
 Brian Elliot – additional engineering
 Mike McCracken – studio drum assistant
 Alan Douches – mastering
 Neil Kernon – production, mixing only "Skull Fragment Armor"
 Justion Leeah – engineering only "Skull Fragment Armor"

Artwork and design
 Vincent Locke – cover art
 Brian Ames – design
 Alex Solca – photography

Studios
 Mana Recording Studios, St. Petersburg, FL, USA – recording, mixing
 West Westside Music – mastering
 Sonic Ranch, Tornillo, TX, USA – recording only "Skull Fragment Armor"

Charts

References

External links

 Evisceration Plague at Metal Blade Records

2009 albums
Albums produced by Erik Rutan
Cannibal Corpse albums
Metal Blade Records albums


Richard Henry Park (also Richard Hamilton Park; February 17, 1838—November 7, 1902) was an American sculptor who worked in marble and bronze. He was commissioned to do work by the wealthy of the nineteenth century. He did a marble bust of John Plankinton, an astute businessman who founded the meat industry in Wisconsin and was "Milwaukee's foremost citizen."

Park did a sculptor of George Washington as Milwaukee's first piece of public art. He made a bronze monument statue of the 21st Vice President of the United States. He did a sculpture of Milwaukee's first white settler, its first mayor, and created sculptures for the Chicago World's Fair of 1893.

Life and career

Park was born on February 17, 1838, in Hebron, Connecticut.  He was inspired by a Hiram Powers exhibition to become a sculptor. From 1855, Park worked in the Albany, New York studio of Erastus Dow Palmer, the foremost neoclassical sculptor of his time, starting out as a marble cutter's apprentice making marble copies of Palmer's work.  He stayed until 1861, working as an assistant to Palmer, alongside other future sculptors Launt Thompson, and Charles Calverley.  He moved to New York City to establish an independent career before moving to Florence, Italy around 1871.  Park's early work was in marble, later changing to the medium of bronze for natural sculptures, in line with the American trend for late nineteenth century sculptures.

During his time in Florence, Park was commissioned to prepare a marble bust of John Plankinton, an astute businessman who founded the meat industry in Wisconsin and was respected as "Milwaukee's foremost citizen".  Plankinton was known for religious convictions, his success from a modest upbringing, and for his regular philanthropic public deeds; he became known as "A Merchant Prince and Princely Merchant".  Plankinton's daughter, Elizabeth, travelled to Europe in 1879, and met Park in Florence.  On return to Milwaukee, Elizabeth convinced her father to let her commission Park to sculpt the first piece of public art for Milwaukee, a monument to George Washington.  Park worked on the monument to Washington in Florence, and it was completed and shipped to Milwaukee for its dedication in November 1885; Elizabeth donated it to the city of Milwaukee as a philanthropic gesture.  At some point, Park and Elizabeth Plankinton became engaged, and in 1886 John Plankinton commenced construction on a mansion to be a wedding gift for his only daughter.  On 18 September 1887, Park married another woman, a dancer from Minneapolis, shortly after his Juneau Monument (in recognition of Milwaukee's first Mayor, Solomon Juneau) was dedicated.  When Elizabeth learned of Park's marriage, she left on a long trip to Europe.  On her return, she took her only look at the mansion her father had built, and is said never to have set foot in it again.

Park made an over-life-size bronze monument statue as a tribute to the 21st Vice President of the United States, Thomas A. Hendricks. It was unveiled in 1890 on the grounds at the Indiana State House in Indianapolis. After this he moved his studio to Chicago to get commissions in the sculptural programs for the Chicago World's Fair of 1893.  He met Lee Lawrie in Chicago and Lawrie went on to work as Park's apprentice and assistant from 1891 to 1894. One of the monuments they worked on was an over-life-size all silver monument statue for the state of Montana titled Justice that was exhibited in the Mines and Mining Building. It was rumored to have been melted down later for the silver. There is an 1893 medal showing the model that posed for the statue on its reverse side.  It has been suggested by art historian William H. Gerdts that Park's most enduring legacy may be his role as mentor and teacher to Lawrie.

Park was associated with the Plankinton family for some time so was commissioned by William Plankinton, Elizabeth's brother, to spend six months in Chicago working on a statue of John Plankinton following his 1891 death.  Described as a "handsome bronze statue", it was unveiled on 29 June 1892 and "viewed by hundreds of people, the great majority of whom pronounced it one of the most lifelike statues of Uncle John Plankinton possible to be executed."  It stood in the Plankinton House Hotel until the location was redeveloped in 1915 into a shopping district, Plankinton Arcade, which incorporated a rotunda in which the statue was placed.  The statue underwent several months of restoration work in 2012, before returning to its place in the rotunda that is now a part of The Grand shopping plaza.

One of the bronze statues Park made for the Fair was of Benjamin Franklin and it was three years later reinstalled at Lincoln Park in downtown Chicago.  An 1895 review of the public monuments in Milwaukee listed five existing pieces, two sculpted by Park.  He is known for his Actor's Monument to Edgar Allan Poe of 1884 in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York city, and for Christopher Columbus drinking from the Drake Fountain in Chicago of 1892.

Author and art historian Lauritta Dimmick records that Park died in 1902 in Battle Creek, Michigan, although there are others who believe he died in New York City. Dimmick's view is confirmed by his obituary in the Chicago Tribune dated November 8, 1902, which states he died at the Battle Creek Sanitarium.

Works by Park

Washington monument, 1885
Motivated by her love for Milwaukee, Elizabeth Plankinton commissioned Park to prepare a monument to George Washington as Milwaukee's first piece of public art, at a cost of around $20,000, (equivalent to $,000 in ).  It was unveiled and dedicated in November 1885.  Washington is portrayed in uniform as the 43-year-old commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, and stands  tall on a  granite base.  The bronze figures of a mother and child at the base of the monument were included at the request of Plankinton.  With substantial immigration to Milwaukee occurring, Plankiton wanted a child being shown the father of the United States portrayed to symbolise the importance of history.  As one speaker at the dedication put it, "during the coming generations when other men shall walk these streets, this monument will stand a text for the old and a lesson for the young."  The monument was described in 1895 in The Monumental News as "classical to the verge of conventionality." The statue was moved to Illinois in mid-2016 for restoration work due to ongoing corrosion.  In line with a report prepared for the Westown Association in 2014, restorer Andrzej Dajnowski discovered major cracking in one of the legs due to rust and that the sculpture's sword might not be the original.  The restoration cost around $100,000, $60,000 of which came from the Westown Association, and the restored monument was returned to Milwaukee in January 2018.  The monument now was a dark bronze color rather than the previous green and Mayor Tom Barrett watched as it was craned back into place and observed that "our first piece of public art is in pristine condition."

Juneau Monument, 1887

Solomon Juneau was a key figure in the early history of Milwaukee, having been the area's first white settler and the city's first Mayor.  Park's Juneau Monument is the most prominent object in the Milwaukee park built in Juneau's honour, where it stands on a bluff overlooking Lake Michigan.  The monument cost around $25,000 (equivalent to $,000 in ), and was gifted to the city by Charles T. Bradley and William H. Metcalf on behalf of their shoe company.  It was unveiled on 6 July 1887, and was described by the Milwaukee Sentinel newspaper as "a credit to the artist and the city, as well as a monument to the public spirit of the donors."  The bronze statue is over-life-sized, standing  tall above a  base of red granite, and depicts Juneau "clothed in the habit of the pioneer," and carrying a rifle.  Two sides of the pedestal feature bronze bas-relief scenes from Juneau's life while the other two sides feature inscriptions.  Monumental News art journal notes that there are strong similarities between the sculpture's visage and that of Park's Washington statue.  Accentuating this similarity is the relief scene of Juneau's inauguration as Mayor – described as perhaps the monument's best feature – where a bust of Washington is placed behind the Mayor's chair.

Gallery

See also
Hendricks Monument

References

Sources

Books and journals

 specifically the following chapters:

Newspaper and web

 which is also available from the Wisconsin Historical Society website.

 United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series.

External links

 Sculpture works by Richard Henry Park
 Edgar Allan Poe monument

19th-century American sculptors
19th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
Sculptors from New York City
1832 births
1902 deaths
People from Hebron, Connecticut
Sculptors from Connecticut
Sculptors from New York (state)


Fradkin () is a Yiddish family name. It may refer to one of the following persons:
 Barbara Fradkin, a Canadian writer
 Eduardo Fradkin, an Argentinian-American physicist
 Efim S. Fradkin, a Soviet/Russian physicist
Judith Fradkin, American physician-scientist
 Les Fradkin, an American musician
 Lucy Fradkin, an American artist
 Mark Fradkin, a Soviet composer
 Philip L. Fradkin, an American environmentalist
 Shneur Zalman Fradkin, a Chabad rabbi
 Fradkin Brothers Furniture, a furniture retailer in Baltimore County, Maryland

Surnames of Jewish origin


was a city located in eastern Shizuoka Prefecture. On November 1, 1966, Yoshiwara was merged with the city of Fuji.

During the Edo period, Yoshiwara was a post town known as Yoshiwara-juku on the Tōkaidō (road). At the time of its merger, the town had an estimated population of 90,224 and a density of 516.86 persons per km2. The total area was 174.56 km2. The town was served by both the Tōkaidō Main Line and the Gakunan Railway.

History
April 1, 1889 –  Due to the municipal status enforcement, Yoshiwara-juku, Fuji District becomes Yoshiwara Town.
April 1, 1940 –  The village of Shimada (島田村) merged into the city of Yoshiwara
April 3, 1941 –  The village of Denbō (伝法村) merged into the city of Yoshiwara
June 14, 1942 –  Imaizumi Village (今泉村) merged into Yoshiwara.
April 1, 1948 – The town of Yoshiwara becomes the city of Yoshiwara.
February 11, 1955 – The city merged with the villages of Motoyoshiwara (元吉原村), Sudo (須津村), Yoshinaga (吉永村), and Harada (原田村) to form the city of Yoshiwara.
April 1, 1955 –  Ōbuchi Village (大淵村) merged into the city of Yoshiwara.
April 1, 1956 –  Funazu, Nishifunazu, and Sakai neighborhoods in the village of Hara in Suntō District merge into the city of Yoshiwara.
November 1, 1966 – The city merged with the city of Fuji and the town of Takaoka (鷹岡町) to form the city of Fuji.

See also
List of dissolved municipalities of Japan

Notes

Yoshiwara
Fuji, Shizuoka


MindRover is a video game for PC, developed by CogniToy.

Gameplay
The game, which can be thought of as a successor to the Learning Company's Robot Odyssey, revolves around three activities:
 Assemble virtual robots from a library of stock parts.
 Programming robots using a special graphical interface (referred to in the game as "wiring") with a paradigm more based on multicomponent circuitry construction than on traditional programming.
 Participate in events such as robot battles and racing games with newly programmed robot.

Availability
The game was developed for Microsoft Windows. Add-ons were available to control Lego Mindstorms robots.

The game was ported to Linux by Loki Software and Linux Game Publishing and to the Mac by MacPlay.

Development
The game had a budget of $500,000. In October 2000, CogniToy signed a contract with Tri Synergy to distribute the game.

Reception

The game received mostly positive reviews. Carla Harker reviewed the PC version of the game for Next Generation, rating it five stars out of five, and stated that "A truly amazing title for anyone looking for something unique and challenging."

References

External links
BattleSpot
Mindrover Home

2000 video games
Linux games
Windows games
Classic Mac OS games
Programming games
Robotics simulation software
Strategy video games
Loki Entertainment games
Tank simulation video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in outer space
Linux Game Publishing games


The Eugeneodontida, sometimes also called Eugeneodontiformes, is an extinct and poorly known order of cartilaginous fishes. They possessed "tooth-whorls" on the symphysis of either the lower or both jaws and pectoral fins supported by long radials. They probably lacked pelvic fins and anal fins. The palatoquadrate was either fused to the skull or reduced. Now determined to be within the Holocephali, their closest living relatives are ratfish. The eugeneodonts are named after paleontologist Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. The Eugeneodontida disappeared in the Early Triassic. The geologically youngest fossils of the group are known from the Sulphur Mountain Formation (western Canada), Vardebukta Formation (Svalbard, Norway) and Wordie Creek Formation (Greenland).

Members of the Eugeneodontida are further classified into different families, the most well-preserved members that have been discovered are commonly placed within the families Helicoprionidae ("spiral saws"), and Edestidae ("those which devour"), the former containing the genera Helicoprion, Sarcoprion, and Parahelicoprion, and the latter containing the genera Edestus, Lestrodus, and Metaxyacanthus. All eugeneodonts are thought to have been obligate carnivores, with each genus having specialized feeding behaviors, territory ranges, and specific prey.

Taxonomy
The list below shows taxa included within Eugeneodontida.
Superfamily Caseodontoidea
Family Caseodontidae
Genus Caseodus
Genus Erikodus
Genus Fadenia
Genus Ornithoprion
Genus Pirodus
Genus Romerodus
Family Eugeneodontidae
Genus Bobbodus
Genus Eugeneodus
Genus Gilliodus
Family incertae sedis
Genus Campodus
Genus Chiastodus
Genus Tiaraju
Superfamily Edestoidea
Family Helicoprionidae
Genus Agassizodus
Genus Arpagodus
Genus Campyloprion
Genus Helicoprion
Genus Parahelicoprion
Genus Sarcoprion
Genus Toxoprion
Family Edestidae
Genus Edestus
Genus Helicampodus
Genus Lestrodus
Genus Parahelicampodus
Genus Syntomodus
Genus Protopirata
Genus Euctenius
Genus Prospiraxis
Genus Spiraxis
Genus Metaxyacanthus
Family incertae sedis
Genus Paredestus

References

External links
 Palaeos Vertebrates 70.100 Chondrichthyes: Eugnathostomata at paleos.com
JSTOR: Journal of Paleontology Vol. 70, No. 1 (Jan., 1996), pp. 162-165
More about Chondrichthyes at Devonian Times

Mississippian first appearances
Mississippian taxonomic orders
Pennsylvanian taxonomic orders
Cisuralian taxonomic orders
Guadalupian taxonomic orders
Lopingian taxonomic orders
Early Triassic taxonomic orders
Early Triassic extinctions
Prehistoric cartilaginous fish orders


Vibhavadi Rangsit Road (, ) or Highway 31, often informally called Vibhavadi Road (), is a highway in Thailand.

The road begins at Phaya Thai district in Bangkok and crosses Chatuchak, Lak Si, and Don Mueang districts before merging with Phahonyothin Road (Highway 1) at Khu Khot subdistrict, Lam Luk Ka district, Pathum Thani Province.

Vibhavadi Rangsit Road is a superhighway through Bangkok with no traffic lights. It is a divided highway, with each side further divided into a main road and a frontage road. Major roads that Vibhavadi Rangsit Road intersects are Din Daeng Road (its point of origin), Sutthisan Road, Lat Phrao Road, Phahonyothin Road, Ngamwongwan Road (Highway 302), and Chaengwatthana Road (Highway 304).

It is named in honor of HRH Princess Vibhavadi Rangsit (1920–1977), a well-known Thai novelist who dedicated the final decade of her life to developing rural Southern Thailand, and was killed in an attack by insurgents while trying to rescue injured Border Patrol police. Prior to the renaming of Highway No. 31 as Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, it was commonly known as "Superhighway Road" (, Thanon Superhighway).

The section between Chaeng Watthana Road and Don Mueang Airport is also part of the former local road Si Rap Suk Road, which runs from Lak Si Monument to the airport.

Vibhavadi Rangsit Road between Din Daeng Intersection and Khlong Bang Sue forms the border between Din Daeng and Phaya Thai districts in Bangkok.

The Uttaraphimuk Elevated Tollway, better known as Don Mueang Tollway runs high above the road and is a toll expressway in Bangkok.

National highways in Thailand
Streets in Bangkok


Colored gold is the name given to any gold that has been treated using techniques to change its natural color. Pure gold is slightly reddish yellow in color, but colored gold can come in a variety of different colors by alloying it with different elements.

Colored golds can be classified in three groups:
 Alloys with silver and copper in various proportions, producing white, yellow, green and red golds. These are typically malleable alloys.
 Intermetallic compounds, producing blue and purple golds, as well as other colors. These are typically brittle, but can be used as gems and inlays.
 Surface treatments, such as oxide layers.

Pure 100% (in practice, 99.9% or better) gold is 24 karat by definition, so all colored golds are less pure than this, commonly 18K (75%), 14K (58.5%), 10K (41.6%), or 9K (37.5%).

Alloys

White gold

White gold is an alloy of gold and at least one white metal (usually nickel, silver, or palladium). Like yellow gold, the purity of white gold is given in karats.

White gold's properties vary depending on the metals used and their proportions. As a result, white gold alloys can be used for many different purposes: while a nickel alloy is hard and strong, and therefore good for rings and pins; gold–palladium alloys are soft, pliable, and good for white-gold gemstone settings, sometimes with other metals, like copper, silver, and platinum, added for weight and durability (although this often requires specialized goldsmiths). The term white gold is used very loosely in the industry to describe karat gold alloys with a whitish hue. The word white covers a broad range of colors that borders or overlaps pale yellow, tinted brown, and even very pale rose. The jewelry industry often conceals these off-white colors by rhodium plating; thus it is a common misconception that the color of the rhodium plating, which is seen on many commercial pieces, is the actual color of white gold.

A common white gold formulation consists of 90% wt. gold and 10% wt. nickel. Copper can be added to increase malleability.

The strength of gold–nickel–copper alloys is caused by formation of two phases: a gold-rich Au–Cu, and a nickel-rich Ni–Cu, and the resulting hardening of the material.

The alloys used in the jewelry industry are gold–palladium–silver and gold–nickel–copper–zinc. Palladium and nickel act as primary bleaching agents for gold; zinc acts as a secondary bleaching agent to attenuate the color of copper.

The nickel used in some white gold alloys can cause an allergic reaction when worn over long periods (also notably on some wristwatch casings). This reaction, typically a minor skin rash from nickel dermatitis, occurs in about one out of eight people; because of this, many countries do not use nickel in their white gold formulations.

Gold is rarely pure gold, even before another metal is added to make a white gold alloy, and often contains a mercury alloy from its production; mercury can also cause an allergic reaction.

Yellow gold
Examples of the common alloys for 18K yellow gold include:

 18K yellow gold: 75% gold, 12.5% copper, 12.5% silver
 18K yellow (darker) gold: 75% gold, 15% copper, 10% silver

Rose, red, and pink gold

Rose gold is a gold–copper alloy widely used for specialized jewelry. Rose gold, also known as pink gold and red gold, was popular in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, and was also known as Russian gold, although this term is now obsolete. Rose gold jewelry is becoming more popular in the 21st century, and is commonly used for wedding rings, bracelets, and other jewelry.

Although the names are often used interchangeably, the difference between red, rose, and pink gold is the copper content: the higher the copper content, the stronger the red coloration. Pink gold uses the least copper, followed by rose gold, with red gold having the highest copper content. Examples of the common alloys for 18K rose gold, 18K red gold, 18K pink gold, and 12K red gold include:

 18K red gold: 75% gold, 25% copper
 18K rose gold: 75% gold, 22.25% copper, 2.75% silver
 18K pink gold: 75% gold, 20% copper, 5% silver
 12K red gold: 50% gold and 50% copper

Up to 15% zinc can be added to copper-rich alloys to change their color to reddish yellow or dark yellow. 14K red gold, often found in the Middle East, contains 41.67% copper.

The highest karat version of rose gold, also known as crown gold, is 22 karat.
Amongst the alloys made of gold, silver and copper, the hardest is the 18.1 K pink gold (75.7% gold and 24.3% copper). An alloy with only gold and silver is the hardest at 15.5 K (64.5% gold and 35.5% silver).

During ancient times, due to impurities in the smelting process, gold frequently turned a reddish color. This is why many Greco-Roman texts, and even many texts from the Middle Ages, describe gold as "red".

Spangold

Some gold-copper–aluminium alloys form a fine surface texture at heat treatment, yielding an interesting spangling effect. At cooling, they undergo a quasi-martensitic transformation from body-centered cubic to body-centered tetragonal phase; the transformation does not depend on the cooling rate. A polished object is heated in hot oil to 150–200 °C for 10 minutes then cooled below 20 °C, forming a sparkly surface covered with tiny facets.

The alloy of 76% gold, 19% copper, and 5% aluminium yields a yellow color; the alloy of 76% gold, 18% copper and 6% aluminium is pink.

Green gold

Green gold was known to the ancient Persians as long ago as 860 BC under the name electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of silver and gold. However, electrum was used even thousands of years before that, by both the Akkadians and Ancient Egyptians (as evidenced by the Royal Cemetery at Ur). Even the tops of some Egyptian pyramids were known to be capped in thin layers of electrum. It actually appears as greenish-yellow rather than green. Fired enamels adhere better to these alloys than to pure gold.

Cadmium can also be added to gold alloys to create a green color, but there are health concerns regarding its use, as cadmium is highly toxic. The alloy of 75% gold, 15% silver, 6% copper, and 4% cadmium yields a dark-green alloy.

Grey gold
Grey gold alloys are usually made from gold and palladium. A cheaper alternative which does not use palladium is made by adding silver, manganese, and copper to the gold in specific ratios.

Intermetallic

All the AuX2 intermetallics have the fluorite (CaF2) crystal structure, and, therefore, are brittle. Deviation from the stoichiometry results in loss of color. Slightly nonstoichiometric compositions are used, however, to achieve a fine-grained two- or three-phase microstructure with reduced brittleness. Another way of reducing brittleness is to add a small amount of palladium, copper, or silver.

The intermetallic compounds tend to have poor corrosion resistance. The less noble elements are leached to the environment, and a gold-rich surface layer is formed. Direct contact of blue and purple gold elements with skin should be avoided as exposure to sweat may result in metal leaching and discoloration of the metal surface.

Purple gold

Purple gold (also called amethyst gold and violet gold) is an alloy of gold and aluminium rich in gold–aluminium intermetallic (AuAl2). Gold content in AuAl2 is around 79% and can therefore be referred to as 18 karat gold. Purple gold is more brittle than other gold alloys (called the "purple plague" when it forms and causes serious faults in electronics), as it is an intermetallic compound instead of a malleable alloy, and a sharp blow may cause it to shatter. It is therefore usually machined and faceted to be used as a "gem" in conventional jewelry rather than by itself. At a lower content of gold, the material is composed of the intermetallic and an aluminium-rich solid solution phase. At a higher content of gold, the gold-richer intermetallic AuAl forms; the purple color is preserved to about 15% of aluminium. At 88% of gold the material is composed of AuAl and changes color. The actual composition of AuAl2 is closer to Al11Au6 as the sublattice is incompletely occupied.

Blue gold
Blue gold is an alloy of gold and either gallium or indium. Gold–indium contains 46% gold (about 11 karat) and 54% indium, forming an intermetallic compound AuIn2. While several sources remark this intermetallic to have "a clear blue color", in fact the effect is slight: AuIn2 has CIE LAB color coordinates of 79, −3.7, −4.2 which appears roughly as a greyish color. With gallium, gold forms an intermetallic AuGa2 (58.5% Au, 14ct) which has slighter bluish hue. The melting point of AuIn2 is 541 °C, for AuGa2 it is 492 °C. AuIn2 is less brittle than AuGa2, which itself is less brittle than AuAl2.

A surface plating of blue gold on karat gold or sterling silver can be achieved by a gold plating of the surface, followed by indium plating, with layer thickness matching the 1:2 atomic ratio. A heat treatment then causes interdiffusion of the metals and formation of the required intermetallic compound.

Surface treatments

Black gold

Black gold is a type of gold used in jewelry. Black-colored gold can be produced by various methods:
Patination by applying sulfur- and oxygen-containing compounds.
Plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process involving amorphous carbon
Controlled oxidation of gold containing chromium or cobalt (e.g. 75% gold, 25% cobalt).

A range of colors from brown to black can be achieved on copper-rich alloys by treatment with potassium sulfide.

Cobalt-containing alloys, e.g. 75% gold with 25% cobalt, form a black oxide layer with heat treatment at 700–950 °C. Copper, iron and titanium can be also used for such effect. Gold–cobalt–chromium alloy (75% gold, 15% cobalt, 10% chromium) yields a surface oxide that is olive-tinted because of the chromium(III) oxide content, is about five times thinner than Au–Co and has significantly better wear resistance. The gold–cobalt alloy consists of gold-rich (about 94% Au) and cobalt-rich (about 90% Co) phases; the cobalt-rich phase grains are capable of oxide-layer formation on their surface.

More recently, black gold can be formed by creating nanostructures on the surface. A femtosecond laser pulse deforms the surface of the metal, creating an immensely increased surface area which absorbs virtually all the light that falls on it, thus rendering it deep black, but this method is used in high technology applications rather than for appearance in jewelry. The blackness is due to the excitation of localized surface plasmons which creates strong absorption in a broad range in plasmon resonance. The broadness of the plasmon resonance, and absorption wavelength range, depends on the interaction between different gold nanoparticles.

Blue gold
Oxide layers can also be used to obtain blue gold from an alloy of 75% gold, 24.4% iron, and 0.6% nickel; the layer forms on heat treatment in air between 450 and 600 °C.

A rich sapphire blue colored gold of 20–23K can also be obtained by alloying with ruthenium, rhodium and three other elements and heat-treating at 1800 °C, to form the 3–6 micrometers thick colored surface oxide layer.

See also
 Corinthian bronze
 Crown gold
 Electrum
 Hepatizon
 List of alloys
 Mokume-gane, a mixed-metal laminate
 Orichalcum
 Panchaloha, alloys used for making Hindu temple icons
Pyrite, often referred to as Fool's Gold
 Shakudō, copper with 4–10% gold
 Tumbaga

References

External links

Gold
Precious metal alloys


A proposal theme statement is a technique used in a business proposal to call attention to benefits offered by the vendor to the customer. The concise benefit statement normally precedes discussion of any section of the proposal where the vendor thinks the proposal contains a significant advantage to the prospective customer.

Example
"Low-risk, commercially available software" might introduce a vendor's solution for meeting a customer's need to buy technology that enables quick, relatively cheap authorization for people trying to use a credit card.

The theme statement is set apart from the text it introduces:

Low-risk, commercially available software

"XYZ Corporation proposes to use ID-Check…"

The theme statement always ties the feature of the offer (i.e., ID-Check) to the primary benefit(s) of that feature (i.e., low-risk and commercially available). Other benefits are implied—e.g., low-risk implies lower long-term cost because of the software is proven and commercially available implies lower initial cost because the software is mass-produced.

Theory behind a theme statement
The use of theme statements in proposals is based on a reading comprehension technique called an "advance organizer", developed by learning theorist David Ausubel. The advance organizer serves as the launch point for a deductive logic string, where the primary idea is introduced first, followed by supporting detail in descending order of importance. Ausubel's research demonstrated the technique was particularly effective if the reader had little prior knowledge of the subject material.

Drawbacks of theme statements in proposals
Theme statement in proposals must be carefully constructed. If the assumed customer benefit in the theme statement is not perceived as a benefit to the customer, then credibility is lost. If the theme statement introduces a benefit, but the following discussion does not directly support that benefit, then more credibility is lost. Finally, in concert with Ausubel's findings, theme statements should not be used to introduce sections in a proposal customers already know well. The chances of seeming patronizing or disingenuous are too high.

See also
 Government contract proposal
 Proposal (business)

References

Procurement


PEARL iZUMi (パールイズミ) is a company that produces sports apparel, primarily focusing on road cycling, track cycling, mountain biking, and triathlon.

It was founded in 1950 in Tokyo. PEARL iZUMi USA, Inc., is its U.S. distributor.

Ownership and distribution
DASH America (trading as PEARL iZUMi USA) purchased the trademark from Dave Jacobs (founder of Spyder, and the original distributor of PEARL iZUMi in the USA). Originally held by a group of private investors, the company was sold to Nautilus Inc. in 2005, who then sold it to Shimano in 2008. Shimano sold the company to United Sports Brands in 2022. USB holds the rights to distribute the product everywhere in the world except Asia.

Sponsorships

PEARL iZUMi has sponsored many cycling teams, including the 1984 USA Olympic team. Other sponsored athletes include:
 Mark Matthews (Mountain Bike)
 Marley Blonsky (Road & Gravel)
 Lael Wilcox (Ultra-distance)
 Jeff Lenosky (Mountain Bike)
 Brice Shirbach (Mountain Bike)
 Macky Franklin (Mountain Bike)
 Syd Schulz (Mountain Bike)
 Dillon Caldwell (Gravel)
 Angela Naeth (Triathlete & Gravel)
 Hannah Shell (Road & Gravel)
 Jake Magee (Road & Gravel)

References

External links
 Official link

Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States
Shoe brands
Sportswear brands
American companies established in 1984
Clothing companies established in 1984


Never Enough may refer to:

Albums
Never Enough (Patty Smyth album), 1987
Never Enough (Melissa Etheridge album), 1992
Never Enough (Public Access T.V. album), 2016
Never Enough (Daniel Caesar album), 2023
Never Enough (Parker McCollum album), 2023
Never Enough: The Best of Jesus Jones, a 2002 album by Jesus Jones
Never Enough EP, a 2015 EP by Wild Adriatic

Songs
"Never Enough" (Loren Allred song), 2017
"Never Enough" (The Cure song), 1990
"Never Enough" (Boris Dlugosch song), 2001
"Never Enough" (Five Finger Death Punch song), 2008
"Never Enough" (Kiss song), 2009
"Never Enough" (Koda Kumi song), 2017
"Never Enough" (Six60 song), 2019
"Never Enough" (Tarja song), 2013
"Never Enough", a song by Dream Theater from 2005 album Octavarium
"Never Enough", a song by Eminem, featuring Nate Dogg and 50 Cent, from his album Encore
"Never Enough", a song by Epica for their 2007 album The Divine Conspiracy
"Never Enough", a song by Jesus Jones, from their 1989 album Liquidizer
"Never Enough", a song by L.A. Guns, 1989 from the album Cocked & Loaded
"Never Enough", a song by The Monkees, from their 1996 album, Justus
"Never Enough", a song by Mudvayne from The New Game
"Never Enough", a song by One Direction from their 2015 album Made in the A.M.
"Never Enough", a song by Papa Roach from Infest
"Never Enough", a song by Poisonblack from the album Lust Stained Despair
"Never Enough", a song by This Condition, 2009
"Never Enough", a song by Toto from Kingdom of Desire
"Never Enough", a song by Wage War from Deadweight

Books
 Never Enough: Donald Trump and the Pursuit of Success, a biography of Donald Trump by Michael D'Antonio
 Never Enough: The Story of The Cure, a book by Jeff Apter; see
 Never Enough by Joe McGinniss, about the life and murder of Robert Kissel
 Never Enough by Mike Hayes, A Navy SEAL Commander on Living a Life of Excellence, Agility, and Meaning


Joseph Mary Marling, C.PP.S. (August 31, 1904 – October 2, 1979) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Jefferson City in Missouri from 1956 to 1969.  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Kansas City in Missouri.

Biography
Joseph Marling was born on August 31, 1904, in Centralia, West Virginia.  He was ordained as a priest of the Society of Precious Blood by Archbishop John McNicholas on February 21, 1929.

After a period of academic and pastoral work, he was elected provincial director of the Society's American province in 1938.  During his tenure, Marling expanded St. Joseph's College and built a minor seminary in Canton, Ohio.

Auxiliary Bishop of Kansas City

On June 7, 1947, Marling was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Kansas City, Missouri and titular bishop of Thasus by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on August 6, 1947, from Archbishop Edwin O'Hara, with Bishops Joseph Albers and John Bennett serving as co-consecrators, at St. Peter in Chains Cathedral. Marling chose as his episcopal motto, Per Sanguinem Crucis, meaning “Through the Blood of the Cross." In an address to the Guild of Catholic Psychiatrists, he suggested that the clergy should receive psychiatric treatment.

Bishop of Jefferson City

Marling was later named the first bishop of the Diocese of Jefferson City on August 24, 1956. During his tenure, he oversaw the construction of a new cathedral, twenty-five churches, twenty-nine schools, thirty rectories, sixteen convents, and a Carmelite monastery. The Bishop also established the diocesan newspaper and missions in Peru.  He attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.

Retirement and legacy
On July 2, 1969, Pope Paul VI accepted Marling's resignation as bishop of Jefferson City and appointed him as titular bishop of Lesina, a post which he gave up on January 16, 1976.

Joseph Marling died in Kansas City, at age 75. His remains were interred in the Precious Blood Community Cemetery on the seminary grounds in Carthagena, Ohio.

References

External links
Diocese of Jefferson City

1904 births
1979 deaths
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
People from Braxton County, West Virginia
Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph
Roman Catholic bishops of Jefferson City
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Catholics from West Virginia


Eastern Shores is a neighborhood within the city of North Miami Beach in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.  It is located about  north of Miami, just south of the city of Aventura.

Geography
It is located  on a peninsula located in the city of North Miami Beach. Eastern Shores is made up of 9 named streets:

 NE 35th Ave (Eastern Shores Blvd)
 NE 164th St, NE 165th Street
 NE 166th Street
 NE 167th Street
 NE 168th Street
 NE 169th Street
 NE 170th Street
 NE 171st Street.

The avenues go from 29th Avenue to 40th Avenue.

The neighborhood is made up of man-made canals, except the natural canal on the north side of NE 171st Street. Eastern Shores is bounded by Sunny Isles Blvd to the south, Maule Lake to the west, The Intracoastal Waterway to the east, and Dumfoundling Bay to the northeast.  Eastern Shores is located next to Sunny Isles Beach.

The right side of Eastern Shores (East Side) is full of condominiums and townhouses. Eastern Shores is a gated community. This guardhouse and guard gates were created in 1997. Eastern Shores operates Eastern Shores Fire Rescue station that is located next to the guardhouse. Eastern Shores is located next to the Intracoastal Mall.

History
Eastern Shores was a mangroves wetland, until it was landfilled in the late 1950s.

Education
Eastern Shores is within the Miami-Dade County Public Schools system.

Students attend Norman S. Edelcup/Sunny Isles Beach K-8 in Sunny Isles Beach for elementary and K-8. Residents who want a standard comprehensive middle school instead of a K-8 enroll at a separate middle school, Highland Oaks Middle School. Alonzo and Tracy Mourning Senior High Biscayne Bay Campus is the senior high school. Prior to its opening in 2009, Dr. Michael M. Krop Senior High School served Eastern Shores.

References

Neighborhoods in North Miami Beach, Florida


Suat İsmail Mamat  (8 November 1930 – 3 February 2016) was a Turkish professional footballer who played in Turkey for Ankara Demirspor, Galatasaray S.K., Beşiktaş J.K. and Vefa S.K.

International career
Mamat made 27 appearances for the full Turkey national football team, including appearing in two matches at the 1954 FIFA World Cup finals, where he scored three goals.

He died on 3 February 2016, only two days after the death of his teammate Ali Beratlıgil.

References

External links

1930 births
2016 deaths
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's international footballers
Ankara Demirspor footballers
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Beşiktaş J.K. footballers
Vefa S.K. footballers
1954 FIFA World Cup players
Mersin Talim Yurdu managers
Men's association football forwards
Turkish football managers
People from Bakırköy
Footballers from Istanbul