William J. Johnston (July 12, 1850 – September 16, 1941) was a drummer boy in Company D of the 3rd Vermont Infantry during the American Civil War. When his division was routed during the Seven Days Battles during the Peninsula Campaign of June to July 1862, he was the only drummer to come away with his instrument. His superiors considered this a meritorious feat, given that the regiment's other soldiers had thrown away their guns and equipment to lighten their loads as they retreated. As a result, he received the Medal of Honor in 1863; at age 13, he remains the youngest recipient of the award.

Early life
Johnston was born in Morristown, New York, in July 1850, a son of  Eliza and William B. H. Johnston, both natives of England. His mother died while he was young and the family had moved to Montreal, Canada, by 1853 where his father, a civil engineer, married Thérèse E. Martin at Montreal's St. George Anglican Church. The Johnston family moved to Salem, Vermont (now part of Derby) in 1858, where William Johnston either purchased or rented a farm. In the 1860 federal census, William Johnston gave his occupation as innkeeper, with the inn he operated probably being located in nearby Coventry.

Civil War service

Enlistment
Johnston's father enlisted in the 3rd Vermont Infantry in June 1861 and the regiment mustered at St. Johnsbury on July 16. Willie Johnston was formally enlisted in Company D as a drummer on December 11, 1861, but was originally denied pay, because the regiment's officers thought he was too young. In June 1862, he was approved to receive pay, which was backdated to his December 1861 enlistment. The regiment's rolls at the time of his enlistment list him as 11 years old and five feet tall. His father was a member of Company B, attained the rank of corporal, and served in the regimental color guard.

The Peninsula Campaign
The 3rd Vermont was assigned to Brooks' 1st Vermont Brigade, Smith's 2nd Division, Keyes' IV Corps, for McClellan's Peninsula Campaign.

The regiment served throughout the Peninsula Campaign in Virginia, including the Seven Days Battles of June 25 to July 1, 1862. These battles resulted in a victory for the Confederates, and on July 1, 1862, Smith's division was posted to positions on Turkey Creek in Charles City County when it began its nighttime withdrawal. During the retreat, many men threw away all their equipment so they would have less weight to carry and could move more quickly, but Johnston kept his drum. The division arrived at Harrison's Landing early on the morning of July 2, with Johnston having brought his drum the whole way. At Harrison's Landing, he had the honor of drumming for the division parade on July 4, since he was the only drummer in the division who had brought his instrument off the battlefield.

Post-award service
After the Peninsula campaign, Johnston was reported as having been wounded, and was transferred to the Invalid Corps. He served as an attendant at West's Buildings Hospital in Baltimore while assigned to Company 60, 1st Battalion, Invalid Corps, which was later reorganized as Company H, 20th Regiment, Veteran Reserve Corps. While assigned to the VRC, Johnston played in the hospital's band and was appointed as a drum major. Despite some bureaucratic issues with his documentation, Johnston is known to have re-enlisted in the 3rd Vermont at Brandy Station, Virginia, on February 15, 1864. He was mustered out of the service on August 31, 1865.

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Musician, Company D, 3rd Vermont Infantry. Place and date: Unknown. Entered service at: St. Johnsbury, Vt. Birth: Morristown, N.Y. Date of issue: 16 September 1863.

Citation:

Date and place of act not on record in War Department.

Despite the inability of researchers to locate official documentation about the circumstances of Johnston's Medal of Honor action, the events were covered in contemporary newspaper accounts. According to the October 31, 1863  The Caledonian of St. Johnsbury, which was reprinted in the Independent-Standard  (Irasburg, Vermont) for October 31, 1863:

Willie Johnston, 13 years old, a drummer boy in Co. D, 3d Vermont Regiment, has received a medal for his heroic conduct in the seven days fight before Richmond. On the retreat, when strong men threw away their guns, knapsacks and blankets that they might have less weight to carry, this little fellow kept his drum and brought it safely to Harrison's Landing, where he had the honor of drumming for division parade, he being the only drummer who brought his drum from the field."

The Caledonian story credits the division commander, General William Farrar Smith, with making the recommendation to recognize Johnston's heroism. In addition, it indicates that Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton presented the medal at a War Department ceremony. Johnston's personnel file contains a receipt he signed for Stanton's adjutant which acknowledged that Johnston had received his decoration.

In 1916, the Department of War appointed a panel to review awards of the Medal of Honor and determine whether any should be revoked for failing to meet the eligibility criteria. The board reviewed the files on 2,625 awards, including 1,517 presented for action during the Civil War. 911 Medal of Honor awards were revoked, but Johnston's was allowed to stand.

Post-war years
The details of Johnston's early education are not known, but he was definitely proficient with the written English language and other topics; surviving letters about his reenlistment and pay issues were prepared in his handwriting, and though they contain minor spelling errors, they are highly literate, and display a clear grasp of grammar, punctuation, and the ability to communicate detailed information clearly and concisely. He attended Norwich University from 1866 to 1868, but left without graduating. In 1867 Johnston, competed for a position at the United States Military Academy, but was not selected. In the late 1860s, Johnston also played in St. Johnsbury's town band.

He moved to Charlestown, Massachusetts in the late 1860s, where he married Nellie Murphy on March 1, 1870. They were the parents of five children, including Anna Lewis (born 1871), William Henry (born 1872), Mary (born 1874), Charles Cyril (born 1876), and Leo Francis (born 1878). The family lived at 65 Tremont Street and Johnston worked as a machinist.

In May 1888, newspapers reported on the discovery of Johnston's drum, identifiable by a silver commemorative plaque on the back, at a home in Chelsea, Massachusetts. The drum was subsequently turned over to the curator of the Civil War relic room at the Massachusetts State House.

News accounts about Johnston's drum caused newspaper editors in Vermont to attempt to locate Johnston. Johnston's father, by now a resident of Colorado, visited St. Johnsbury later in May and was the source for newspaper stories which indicated that Johnston was a resident of Charlestown before becoming a member of the "naval service," which William Johnston stated had been his son's occupation for several years. United States Navy records for the period do not provide details on "William Johnston" or "William Johnson" that can be conclusively identified as Johnston, raising the possibility that he served under an assumed name or in a support role that would not have required him to be identified on Navy muster or pay rolls, such as continuing to work as a machinist. The State House was later searched, but the drum was not located, and subsequent attempts to find it have been unsuccessful. In 1890, a newspaper account indicated that Johnston's father had requested that the plaque from Johnston's drum be sent to him because Johnston was no longer alive. Johnston was not  dead in 1890, as evidenced by the Chelsea city directories for the late 1880s, 1890s, and early 1900s, which listed him as a "mariner" and then  a "master mariner" indicating that he pursued a career as a merchant sailor and ship captain.

Later life
In July 1899, Johnston was listed as among the attendees at a Medal of Honor Legion reunion in Burlington, Vermont. His hometown was not noted in the magazine or newspaper articles about the event. He was also known to be alive in 1917 or after, because even though he never applied for the veteran's pension to which he was entitled, or the monthly bonus he was eligible for as a Medal of Honor recipient, his War Department personnel file indicates that in 1917 or perhaps at a later date, he applied for award of the Civil War Campaign Medal, which in 1913 became available to Union Army veterans who applied to receive it. The exact date, his address, and other details are not included in the file.

Some sources indicate that Johnston died at an unknown location on September 16, 1941. However, a valid reference for this information has not been found. Johnston's burial location is unknown, and attempts to locate it have proved unsuccessful.

Legacy

In 2007, a statue of Johnston was unveiled at Old Town Newhall's Veterans Memorial Plaza in Santa Clarita, California. The work is dedicated to all U.S. military personnel, past and present.
The Fairbanks Museum in St. Johnsbury displays Civil War memorabilia, including a photo of Johnston and a set of his drumsticks.
In June, 2012, a plaque honoring Johnston was placed at Berkeley Plantation, Virginia (Harrison's Landing) by the Vermont Civil War Hemlocks living history organization. The text reads:

"At Harrison's Landing on July 4, 1862, Willie Johnston—age 11, 3rd Vermont Drummer Boy played for Div. review. For keeping his drum during the arduous 7 days battles, he was awarded the Medal of Honor by Sec. of War Stanton. He remains the youngest recipient of the Medal of Honor. His gravesite is unknown. Dedicated June 2012. The Vermont Civil War Hemlocks."

See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients

Notes

References

External links

United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
1850 births
1941 deaths
Year of death uncertain
Union Army soldiers
Child soldiers in the American Civil War
People of Vermont in the American Civil War
People from Derby, Vermont
People from St. Johnsbury, Vermont
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor


Mark Jones (born 16 March 1980 in Warrington) is a British racing driver.

Career

British Touring Car Championship

Jones drove in the final six rounds of the 2006 British Touring Car Championship for Xero Competition / Team Forward Racing in a Lexus IS200 alongside team mate Adam Jones, who had raced for most of the year. The car was an uncompetitive one, and his best finish was a sixteenth at Brands Hatch.

Racing record

Complete British Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position - 1 point awarded in first race) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap - 1 point awarded all races) (* signifies that driver lead race for at least one lap - 1 point awarded all races)

References

External links
 BTCC Pages Profile.
 Results

Living people
British Touring Car Championship drivers
1980 births


The Robert Llewellyn Wright House is a historic home located at 7927 Deepwell Drive in Bethesda, Maryland.  It is an 1800-square foot two-story concrete-block structure designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1953, and constructed in 1957 for his sixth child, Robert Llewellyn Wright (1903–86), who worked at the Justice Department.

The Usonian house was designed using intersecting and concentric segments of a circle, or "hemicycles". Initial designs were scrapped after the construction was too costly.

The house can be seen from Deepwell Drive on a sloping lot that overlooks a stream.  It is also visible from the Cabin John Stream Valley Trail, which follows the Cabin John Creek below it.  In 1960, the grounds were landscaped by Lloyd Wright, brother of the client, and the son of the architect.

As of 2010, the house was inhabited by Tom Wright, grandson of Frank Lloyd Wright, and a volcano specialist.

It is one of only two Wright-designed structures in Maryland; the other is the Joseph Euchtman House in Baltimore County.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, Maryland

References

 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.358)

External links
 , Maryland Historical Trust

Houses completed in 1957
Buildings and structures in Bethesda, Maryland
Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses in Montgomery County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland


West Coast is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, from 1972 to 1996.

Population centres
Since the , the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, with continued faster population growth in the North Island leading to an increase in the number of general electorates. There were 84 electorates for the 1969 election, and the 1972 electoral redistribution saw three additional general seats created for the North Island, bringing the total number of electorates to 87. Together with increased urbanisation in Christchurch and Nelson, the changes proved very disruptive to existing electorates. In the South Island, three electorates were abolished, and three electorates were newly created (including West Coast). In the North Island, five electorates were abolished, two electorates were recreated, and six electorates were newly created. The West Coast and Tasman electorates replaced the former Buller and Westland electorates in 1972.

Population centres of the original West Coast electorate were Haast, Whataroa, Hari Hari, Ross, Hokitika, Kumara, Greymouth, Moana, Punakaiki, Reefton, Inangahua, Westport, and Karamea. In the 1977 electoral redistribution, Springs Junction was gained from the Tasman electorate. There were no boundary changes through the 1983 and 1987 electoral redistribution.

History
Labour's Paddy Blanchfield had represented the  electorate since  and when Westland was abolished in 1972, Blanchfield transferred to the West Coast electorate. He retired at the  and was replaced by Kerry Burke. Burke was defeated in  by Margaret Moir of the National Party. Due to the electorate being home to Blackball, the birthplace of the Labour Party, there was surprise at National's victory in 1990. Labour leader Mike Moore referred to the electorate as "Jerusalem" and was determined to recapture it. Moir was in turn defeated by Damien O'Connor at the .

In 1996, the first mixed-member proportional (MMP) election the electorate was combined with Tasman to form the West Coast-Tasman electorate.

Members of Parliament
Key

Election results

1993 election

1990 election

1987 election

1984 election

1981 election

1978 election

1975 election

1972 election

Notes

References

Historical electorates of New Zealand
Politics of the West Coast, New Zealand
1972 establishments in New Zealand
1996 disestablishments in New Zealand


Geoffrey O'Halloran Giles (27 June 1923 – 18 December 1990) was an Australian politician.

Giles was born in Adelaide, South Australia, a son of Hew O'Halloran Giles, and Nellie Cosford Giles (née Verco), eldest daughter of Dr. W. A. Verco. They lived at Thorngate, then "Willyama", Medindie, and he was educated in Victoria at Geelong Grammar School before returning to South Australia to attend the University of Adelaide and Roseworthy College. He became a grazier and cattle breeder, and served in the Royal Australian Air Force from 1942 to 1945 during the Second World War.

In 1959, Giles was elected to a Southern district seat in the Legislative Council as a Liberal and Country League member. In 1964, he resigned to contest the by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Angas, caused by the resignation of Alec Downer; he won the seat as a candidate for the LCL's federal counterpart, the Liberal Party. He held Angas until its abolition in 1977. He then followed most of his constituents into neighboring Wakefield, defeating fellow Liberal Bert Kelly for preselection. Giles served as the member for Wakefield until his retirement in 1983.

Giles died in 1990, aged 67.

References

Liberal and Country League politicians
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Angas
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Wakefield
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
1923 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Australian politicians
People educated at Geelong Grammar School
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Australian Air Force officers


Lynn G. Berbano Finnegan (born October 3, 1970), was a Republican member of the Hawaii House of Representatives, representing the state's 32nd district from 2003 to 2011. The district includes the Lower Pearlridge, Aiea, Halawa, Hickam, Pearl Harbor and Moanalua Gardens  on the island of Oahu.

In 2005, Finnegan was selected to be the Minority Leader for the Republican members of the State House. She was re-selected as such in 2007 and 2009.

In 2008, the Aspen Institute's Rodel Fellowships in Public Leadership selected Representative Lynn Finnegan as one of 24 elected public officials as its 2008 class of Fellows. Each member of the class was selected on their reputation for intellect, thoughtfulness, and bipartisan approach to governing. The class is evenly divided between Republicans and Democrats and represents Fellows from 22 states, serving at both local and state levels of government.

In 2009, Finnegan voted against HB 444, a Hawaii civil union bill. She said, "If we push to have government certify or make legal a union or marriage between the same sex, I believe that we push what is accepted to what will be promoted."

In 2009, Finnegan was selected as one of the 100 Most Influential Filipina Women in the U.S. An award by the Filipina Women's Network. Representative Finnegan was awarded in the Policymakers & Visionaries category which recognize Filipina women leaders who have made or are making a difference in government policies or laws that impact business, industry, and society and who enrich the lives and careers of others by sharing the benefits of their wealth, experience, and knowledge.

Finnegan declined to run for re-election in 2010, instead running for Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii in the 2010 election. She won the Republican primary and joined gubernatorial candidate Duke Aiona in the general election as his running mate. The Republican ticket was defeated by Democratic nominees Neil Abercrombie and Brian Schatz.

Recent career
Finnegan currently serves as Assistant Head of Schools at Hanalani Schools, her alma mater. She had previously worked at Waialae Elementary School, Voyager Charter School, and Hawaii Public Charter Schools.

External links
Hawaii State Legislature - Representative Lynn Finnegan
Project Vote Smart - Representative Lynn Berbano Finnegan

References

1970 births
21st-century American women
American politicians of Filipino descent
American women of Filipino descent in politics
Asian-American people in Hawaii politics
Asian conservatism in the United States
Hawaii politicians of Filipino descent
Living people
Politicians from Honolulu
Republican Party members of the Hawaii House of Representatives
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
Women state legislators in Hawaii


The Kingdom of Tonga and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established formal diplomatic relations in April 1976. Tonga was the first Pacific Island country to establish relations with the USSR.  The USSR was dissolved in 1991 and was succeeded by the Russian Federation as the successor state.

On October 2, 2005, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Tonga ST T. Tupou exchanged telegrams offering congratulations on the occasion of 30th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two nations. In his heads of foreign ministries of Russia and Tonga expressed confidence in further development of Russian-Tongan relations in the interests of the peoples of both countries and strengthen peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region.

Russia has a non-resident ambassador in Wellington, New Zealand.

See also
 Soviet-Tonga relations

References

 HUFFER, Elise, Grands hommes et petites îles: La politique extérieure de Fidji, de Tonga et du Vanuatu, Paris: Orstom, 1993, , pp. 272–282

Tonga
Bilateral relations of Tonga


The 1996 United States Senate election in Kentucky was held on November 5, 1996. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Mitch McConnell won re-election to a third term with a 12.6% margin of victory. McConnell's substantial victory occurred at the same time President Bill Clinton was re-elected to a second term, winning by an 8.5% margin nationwide, but carrying Kentucky by a 0.9% margin.

Beshear later ran successfully for Governor of Kentucky in 2007 and 2011.

Democratic primary

Candidates
 Tom Barlow, former U.S. Representative
 Steve Beshear, former Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky, former Attorney General of Kentucky and former State Representative
 Shelby Lanier, perennial candidate

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
 Mitch McConnell, incumbent U.S. Senator
 Tommy Klein, perennial candidate

Results

General election

Candidates
 Steve Beshear (Democratic), former Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky, former Attorney General of Kentucky and former Kentucky State Representative
 Mac Elroy (U.S. Tax Payers)
 Dennis Lacy (Libertarian)
 Mitch McConnell (Republican), incumbent U.S. Senator
 Patricia Jo Metten (Natural Law)

Campaign
In 1996, Beshear started out trailing against McConnell, with an early general election poll placing McConnell ahead of Beshear 50% to 32%. The campaign ultimately became quite harsh, with the McConnell campaign sending "Hunt Man," a take off of Chicken George dressed in "the red velvet coat, jodhpurs, black riding boots and black helmet of a patrician fox hunter." This was done as a means of criticizing Beshear's membership in a fox hunting club in Lexington, and undercut the Beshear campaign's message that McConnell was a Republican in the mold of Newt Gingrich and that Beshear was the only friend of the working class in the race. Beshear did not make much traction with the electorate during the campaign. By October 1996, Beshear had narrowed the gap between himself and McConnell slightly, with McConnell leading Beshear 50% to 38%.

Results

See also
 1996 United States Senate elections

References

1996 Kentucky elections
Kentucky
1996


Joel Moses Gabb (21 November 1882 – 6 March 1951) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1919 to 1934, representing the electorate of Angas. He represented the Australian Labor Party until resigning during the 1931 Labor split; however, he did not join the United Australia Party along with the other dissident MPs, and instead remained in parliament as an independent.

Early life, missionary and business work

Gabb was born in Glenelg, and was educated at St Peter's College. He worked for printers A. & E. Lewis and then for grocers Barns, Stobie, & Co. after leaving school. He had studied at night to become a Methodist missionary while working at the grocers, and after qualifying for home mission work, worked from 1905 reopening a mission on Kangaroo Island, then at churches in Cockburn, Silverton, Kalangadoo and Penola, and on the Tea Tree Gully–Modbury circuit. He passed as a candidate for ministry and studied at Prince Alfred College in 1908, before spending two and a half years preaching from a motor launch on the Murray River between Swan Reach and Loxton. He then left missionary work because of doctrinal differences, did not enter the ministry, and instead opened a store at Alberton until his election to parliament. He married Florence Ethel Hobbs on 9 October 1912. He was publicly involved in the campaign against conscription during World War I, and unsuccessfully contested the 1918 state election in the electorate of Barossa, narrowly losing to Sir Richard Butler. Gabb was a strict teetotaller.

Federal politics

In 1919, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Angas, defeating long-serving Nationalist MP and Minister for Home and Territories Paddy Glynn. He drew public attention in 1920 when he refused to accept a salary increase from £600 to £1,000. He was known for often calling quorum when the amount of MPs in the parliamentary chamber was low, believing that its strict application forced MPs to do their elected duties. He was re-elected at the 1922 election, defeating George Ritchie, who had resigned as state Treasurer to challenge Gabb. Gabb was defeated by Nationalist candidate Walter Parsons in 1925, but defeated Parsons in 1929 to regain the seat.

In 1931, he joined Joseph Lyons and several other members in leaving the Labor Party in the 1931 Labor split and supported a no-confidence motion in Labor Prime Minister James Scullin; Gabb stated that he believed Scullin was a "sincere man", but strongly disapproved of Treasurer Ted Theodore. Unlike his colleagues, did not join the new United Australia Party and instead remained in parliament as an independent. In the same year, the Sydney Morning Herald described Gabb as being an "unexciting speaker" and "a sort of inverted alchemist afflicted with an ambition for turning gold into lead." He responded to criticism for wasting parliamentary time with quorum calls in May by stating "if the economy were really considered this show [parliament] would be shut down" and "close it and let me act as Mussolini and I will run things in a better way!"

He was re-elected as an independent with the support of the Emergency Committee of South Australia at the 1931 federal election. In 1932, he moved a bill to reduce parliamentary salaries to £600, which while opposed by the vast majority of MPs, caused Minister for Commerce Charles Hawker to resign from the ministry in order to vote for the bill. Gabb's seat of Angas was abolished in a redistribution prior to the 1934 election, at which he retired.

Later life and death

After losing his seat in 1925, he was secretary of the South Australian branch of the Federated Gas Employees' Industrial Union until he regained the seat in 1929. He contested the 1938 state election as an independent, nominating against Premier Richard Layton Butler in his seat of Light, but was unsuccessful. Gabb rarely listened to radio coverage of politics in later years because he felt broadcasting was bringing Parliament into disrepute. He remained publicly critical of parliamentary salary increases in later life, accusing politicians of "feathering their nests". He killed himself at his Rosewater home in 1951, and was cremated.

References

1882 births
1951 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian politicians who committed suicide
Independent members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Angas
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
20th-century Australian politicians
Politicians from Adelaide


The men's 400 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held from Monday August 8, 1932 to Wednesday August 10, 1932.

Nineteen swimmers from ten nations competed.

Medalists

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In the first heat Takashi Yokoyama set a new Olympic record with 4:53.2 minutes. He bettered this record in the first semi-final with 4:51.4 minutes. But in the final Buster Crabbe took the Olympic record with 4:48.4 minutes.

Results

Heats

Monday August 8, 1932: The fastest two in each heat and the fastest third-placed from across the heats advanced to the final.

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Heat 4

Heat 5

Semifinals

Wednesday August 10, 1932: The fastest three in each semi-final advanced to the final.

Semifinal 1

Semifinal 2

Final

Wednesday August 10, 1932:

References

External links
Olympic Report

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Men's events at the 1932 Summer Olympics


Myeongjisan  is a mountain in Gapyeong County, Gyeonggi-do, in  South Korea. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Gapyeong County
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province
One-thousanders of South Korea


Arweet/Ngarweet is an important tribal position in the Boonwurrung and Wathaurong peoples of the Indigenous Australian Kulin alliance who live from Western Port, Port Phillip, Geelong to Ballarat. An Arweet is a leader or headman and holds a similar tribal standing as a ngurungaeta of the Wurundjeri people.

Notable Arweet include:

 Derrimut (1810c - 1864), arweet of the Yalukit-willam clan of the Boonwurrung people
 Ningerranarro (died 1847) also known as Old Benbow of the Boonwurrung
 Noonallaboon (1842–1844), Burrumbeet balug of the Wathaurong
 Balybalip also called Bullurp Bullurp, Bil-le-bil-lup, and King Billy of Ballarat (c.1823-1881), Burrumbeet balug
 Carolyn Briggs

References

Indigenous Australian culture
Tribal chiefs


Capitol Park may refer to:

Places in the United States:
Capitol Park (Sacramento, California)
Capitol Park (Augusta, Maine)
Capitol Park (Tuscaloosa, Alabama) on Childress Hill where the state capitol was located
Capitol Park Historic District, Detroit, Michigan, listed in the National Register of Historic Places
Two defunct 19th-century baseball fields in Washington, D.C.:
Capitol Grounds or Capitol Park I, home of the Washington Nationals, 1884
Swampoodle Grounds or Capitol Park II, home of the Washington Nationals 1886–1889

Places in Croatia:
Capitol Park (Makarska)

See also
 Capital Park (disambiguation)


Walter Langdon Parsons (16 August 1881 – 2 March 1955) was an Australian politician.

Parsons was born at North Adelaide, the son of politician John Langdon Parsons and half-brother of Herbert Angas Parsons. He was educated at Queen's School, Angaston Public School and Whinham College. He worked for D & W Murray Limited from 1898, and in 1906 became a storekeeper in Gladstone, operating the Gladstone branch of F. C. Catt Specialty Stores. He renamed the store the W. L. Parsons Stores in 1912. In local government, Parsons was mayor of the Corporate Town of Gladstone from 1914 to 1916. He attempted to enlist for World War I service on 1 November 1918, but was deferred at the recruiting depot.

Parsons sold his Gladstone stores in 1919 and became a citrus grower at Paradise. In January 1922, he bought E. J. Woodroffe's store in Kadina, and operated it as W. Parsons & Co. until closing the business in December 1925 upon his election to parliament. He moved to Haldon Gardens (now in Kensington Park) by 1925, and served as a District Council of Burnside councillor for the Kensington Park Ward. Parsons was also a lay reader of the Anglican Church for over 20 years, a member of the standing committees of the Willochra and later Adelaide dioceses, and a vice-president of the Demobilised Soldiers' Association.

In 1925, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Nationalist member for Angas, defeating sitting Labor MP Moses Gabb. He held the seat until his defeat by Gabb in 1929, whereupon he became an insurance agent. Parsons died in 1955.

References

Citrus farmers
Nationalist Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Angas
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
1881 births
1955 deaths
People from Gladstone, South Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
Mayors of places in South Australia


Woodend is a historic home located in the Montgomery County, Maryland, town of Chevy Chase.  This Georgian Revival house was built by Chester and Marion Wells in 1927–1928, and owned by the Audubon Naturalist Society of the Central Atlantic States.  It is a -story house with Flemish bond brick walls and brick quoins. The house was designed by John Russell Pope.

The society maintains the Woodend Nature Sanctuary on the  property, which is open to the public.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

References

External links
Audubon Naturalist Society
Woodend Sanctuary & Mansion
, including photo in 1986, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Chevy Chase (CDP), Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses completed in 1928
Houses in Montgomery County, Maryland
Georgian Revival architecture in Maryland
Colonial Revival architecture in Maryland
John Russell Pope buildings
Nature reserves in Maryland
Protected areas of Montgomery County, Maryland
Nature centers in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland


The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

The 1959 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.

Medal table

Results

Men

Judges:
  P. Baron
  Pamela Davis
  Karl Enderlin
  Donald Gilchrist
  Theo Klemm
  Edwin Kucharz
  R. Sackett

Ladies

Judges:
  Grazia Barcellona
  Charlotte Benedict-Stieber
  Pamela Davis
  P. Devine
  Theo Klemm
  Alex Krupy
  Oskar Madl

Pairs

Judges:
  Grazia Barcellona
  P. Baron
  Charlotte Benedict-Stieber
  Pamela Davis
  Karl Enderlin
  Donald Gilchrist
  Theo Klemm
  Oskar Madl
  R. Sackett

Ice dance

Judges:
  P. Devine
  Alexander Gordon
  Harold Hartshorne
  Edwin Kucharz
  Jacqueline Meudec

Sources
 Result List provided by the ISU

World Figure Skating Championships
World Figure Skating Championships
International figure skating competitions hosted by the United States
World Figure Skating Championships
Sports competitions in Colorado Springs, Colorado
1950s in Colorado Springs, Colorado
World Figure Skating Championships


The Ducor Hotel is an abandoned luxury hotel in Monrovia, Liberia. Established in 1960, it had 106 rooms on eight stories. The hotel has fallen into disrepair after being occupied by squatters who were removed before a failed effort at a Libyan-funded renovation. The building sits on Ducor Hill, the highest point of the city, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, the Saint Paul River and Monrovia's West Point district. It is located at the end of Broad Street across from United Nations Boulevard in Monrovia's main business district.

History
The 120-room Ducor Palace Hotel opened in 1960, designed and built by Israeli industrialist Moshe Mayer. It was the first international-class hotel in Liberia, and was for many years one of the few five-star hotels in all of Africa. The inauguration ceremony was an international affair, attended by President Sekou Toure of Guinea, and Israeli Foreign Minister Golda Meir, among others. Intercontinental Hotels assumed operation on April 1, 1962 and it was renamed the Ducor Intercontinental. An extension to the hotel, with 110 more rooms and expanded meeting facilities, was completed in 1963.

The Ducor Intercontinental hosted important meetings between African leaders. Idi Amin is said to have swum in its pool while carrying his gun.  President Houphouet-Boigny of the Ivory Coast was so impressed with the hotel during his stay that he commissioned Mayer to erect a similar luxury hotel in Abidjan, the Hotel Ivoire. The Ducor's various amenities, such as its pool, tennis courts, and a French restaurant, made it popular with tourists from the Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, as well as visiting professionals from the US, Europe, and Asia.

Inter-Continental Hotels ceased managing the hotel in 1987. With political uncertainty looming, the Ducor Hotel closed in 1989, just before the coup led by Charles Taylor which ousted President Samuel Doe and marked the beginning of the First Liberian Civil War. The building endured much damage during this period, due both to the violence of the war and to postwar looting. During this time, displaced residents of many of Monrovia's slums began to occupy the hotel's empty rooms.

In 2007, the Ministry of Justice evicted the squatters residing in the hotel. In 2008, the Government of Liberia signed a lease agreement with the Government of Libya, who began clearing the property of debris in 2010 in preparation for a bidding process to be completed by June 2010. The Italian design firm Serapioni prepared models of the renovated hotel. The project was delayed several times, before finally being abandoned upon Liberia's severing of diplomatic relations with the Gaddafi government following the outbreak of the 2011 Libyan civil war.

Gallery

References

Buildings and structures in Monrovia
History of Liberia
Hotel buildings completed in 1960
Hotels in Liberia
Hotels established in 1960
1960 in Liberia
Defunct hotels
Former squats
Squatting in Liberia
1989 disestablishments in Liberia


The Republic of Vanuatu and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established official diplomatic relations on June 30, 1986 - three months to the day before Vanuatu established diplomatic relations with the United States.  With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation emerged as its successor state in 1991.

In December 2011, Vanuatu appointed Thitam Goiset, "president" of the Nagriamel and John Frum movements and sister of "prominent businessman" Dinh Van Than, as ambassador to Russia.

Historical Relations

Vanuatu, which became independent from France and the United Kingdom in 1980, was led by Prime Minister Father Walter Lini, founder of the doctrine of Melanesian socialism, from 1980 to 1991.  Lini's foreign policy was one of non-alignment, manifested by Vanuatu joining the Non-Aligned Movement in 1983. His government was the only one in Oceania at the time which refused to align with the Western bloc during the dying stages of the Cold War. Lini sought to maintain cordial, though not particularly close, relations with the Soviet Union. There was never any suggestion of Vanuatu aligning with the Eastern bloc; Lini was not a Marxist, and there was no Communist Party in Vanuatu.

In 1987, Vanuatu authorised Soviet vessels to fish within Vanuatu's Exclusive Economic Zone, in exchange for economic aid.  The agreement lapsed the following year, and was not renewed, due to disagreements over the price to be paid for fishing rights by the USSR.

The year 1991 was marked both by the end of Lini's last term in office and by the collapse of the Soviet Union.  Thereafter, relations between Port-Vila and Moscow were virtually non-existent.

In 2011, however, Vanuatu (under Prime Minister Sato Kilman) did follow Russia's lead in recognising the breakaway Georgian province of Abkhazia as a sovereign state. Foreign Affairs Minister Alfred Carlot "offered little explanation for the decision [but] did give hints. He said he had studied at Moscow’s diplomatic academy during Soviet days, and that Vanuatu’s foreign policy aims at “eradicating colonialism from the face of the earth.”"

In 2021, French diplomat Bernard Leclerc was appointed the Special Envoy to the Russian Federation for the Republic of Vanuatu.

In 2022, Vanuatu voted in favor of a UN General Assembly resolution to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and demand that Russia immediately withdraw all troops.

References
 HUFFER, Elise, Grands hommes et petites îles: La politique extérieure de Fidji, de Tonga et du Vanuatu, Paris: Orstom, 1993, , pp. 272–282

Vanuatu
Bilateral relations of Vanuatu


Myeongseongsan is a mountain in South Korea. Its area extends across the city of Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do and Cheorwon County, Gangwon-do. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gangwon Province, South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province


The Airlake Terminal Railway , a subsidiary of Progressive Rail, is a short line railroad operating approximately  of track in a large industrial park in Lakeville, Minnesota. Typical traffic includes various bulk commodities and cargo for trans-shipment to trucks at warehouses operated in conjunction with its parent company, Progressive Rail.

References
Airlake Terminal Railway Company-Acquisition and Operation Exemption-Rail Line of Empire Builder Investments Incorporated and Progressive Rail, Incorporated

Companies based in Minnesota
Railway companies established in 2002
Transportation in Dakota County, Minnesota
Minnesota railroads
2002 establishments in Minnesota


Anne Stevens is a former Republican member of the Hawaii House of Representatives. Stevens was appointed in January 2006 to replace Galen Fox as the representative for the State's 23rd district, which includes Waikiki and Ala Moana on the island of Oahu.

Stevens unsuccessfully ran for election to the 23rd District seat in 2006 and 2008. She remains active in her community as the Chairperson for the Waikiki Neighborhood Board.

External links
Anne Stevens Campaign Website

References

Living people
Republican Party members of the Hawaii House of Representatives
Women state legislators in Hawaii
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women


Börse may refer to:

Stock exchanges
Deutsche Börse
Wiener Börse
Berliner Börse
Börse München
Börse Stuttgart
Frankfurt Stock Exchange

Other
The Stock Exchange (book) (Die Börse)

See also
Bourse (disambiguation)
List of European stock exchanges
Eurex


Martin Henry Nicholls (3 April 1917 – 3 May 1983) was a politician, trade unionist and soldier from South Australia.

Born in Adelaide, South Australia, he received a primary education before becoming a tramwayman and serving in the military 1940–1945. He enlisted in July 1940, serving in Australia, including in the Darwin area from June 1942 until September 1943.

The nephew of Senator Theo Nicholls, he was President of the South Australian Tramways Union and Secretary of the South Australian Labor Party from 1958 to 1963. He was also a member of the ALP Federal Executive 1959–1969. In 1963, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Bonython. He held the seat until his resignation on 30 September 1977 (no by-election was held due to proximity to the upcoming federal election).

Nicholls died in 1983, aged 66.

References

Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Bonython
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
1917 births
1983 deaths
20th-century Australian politicians


"Call It What You Want" is a 1991 song by New Kids on the Block.  Written and produced by Maurice Starr, the original version appears on the group's third album Step By Step.  A club/house remix produced by Robert Clivillés & David Cole, which also featured a rap intro by Freedom Williams, later appeared on the group's 1990 hits compilation, No More Games/The Remix Album and would ultimately serve as the second single to be released from that album.  The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight, Joey McIntyre, and Donnie Wahlberg.

Release and reception
Upon its release, the song was another single that received decent (though not enthusiastic) airplay in North America during the spring months of 1991 and could be considered the "last hurrah" in terms of singles from the group's initial run. The single peaked at #12 on the UK Singles Chart. While the group played this song in concert during their 1994 Face the Music Tour, it was not played again until the New Kids on the Block: Live tour on March 7, 2009.

Version
"Call It What You Want (C&C Pump-It Mix) - 6:31
"Call It What You Want (C&C Pump-It Mix) [Radio Edit] - 4:12
"Call It What You Want (Original Version) - 4:11

Charts

References

External links
official video

1991 singles
New Kids on the Block songs
Columbia Records singles
Songs written by Maurice Starr
1990 songs
Song recordings produced by Maurice Starr
Music videos directed by Tamra Davis


The Wiley-Ringland House is a historic home located at Somerset, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is named for its original owner / builder Harvey Washington Wiley and longtime owner / resident, Arthur Cuming Ringland. The house is a -story Queen Anne-style frame building built about 1893. A fire in 1978 virtually destroyed the house, but it was restored between 2001 and 2002 by new owners.

The Wiley-Ringland House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

References

External links
, including photo in 2000, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses completed in 1893
Houses in Montgomery County, Maryland
Queen Anne architecture in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Maryland


Desmond Demond Bryant (born November 4, 1988) is an American former professional football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oklahoma State Cowboys, earning All-American honors in 2008. He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the first round of the 2010 NFL Draft, where he earned three Pro Bowl berths and was named an All-Pro in 2014.

Early years
Desmond Demond Bryant was born on Galveston Island at The University of Texas Medical Branch on November 4, 1988. He and his family later moved to Lufkin, Texas, where he attended Lufkin High School. While at Lufkin High School, he played high school football for the Panthers football team. As a junior, he caught 48 passes for 1,025 yards and 16 touchdowns. Bryant led Lufkin to a 14–1 record, including an appearance in the 5A Division II state semifinals, where they lost 46–28 to Todd Dodge's Southlake Carroll. In his senior year, Bryant had 53 receptions for 1,207 yards with 21 touchdowns, and was an All-State selection. Lufkin finished the season with an 11–1 record, after losing 38–25 to Round Rock in the area round of the playoffs. After the season, Bryant participated in the Offense-Defense All-American Bowl. He was named an All-American by Parade and SuperPrep.

Bryant competed in track and field and was one of the state's top competitors in the triple jump (top-jump of 14.17 m). As a standout hurdler, he had personal bests of 14.56 seconds in the 110-m hurdles and 40.70 seconds in the 300-m hurdles. He was also a member of the 4 × 100-m (42.62) and 4 × 200-m (1:28.35) relay squads.

Recruiting
Regarded as a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Bryant was listed as the no. 9 wide receiver prospect in the class of 2007, and the second from Texas behind only Terrence Toliver. Recruited by numerous major programs, including most Big 12 schools, Bryant took official visits to Texas A&M, Oklahoma State, and Texas Tech, before committing to the Cowboys on January 29, 2007.

College career
Bryant attended Oklahoma State University from 2007 to 2009 and was a member of the Oklahoma State Cowboys football team coached by Mike Gundy.

2007 season
On September 1, Bryant made his collegiate debut against Georgia and had one reception for seven yards in the 35–14 loss. On September 22, against Texas Tech, he had five receptions for 51 receiving yards and his first collegiate receiving touchdown, a five-yard reception from Zac Robinson, in the 49–45 victory. On October 20 against Kansas State, he had three receptions for 37 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 41–39 victory. On November 10, against Kansas, he set a school record for receiving yards in a game by a freshman with 155 in the 43–28 loss. In the 2007 Insight Bowl, he recorded nine receptions for 117 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in a 49–33 win against the Indiana Hoosiers. As a freshman in 2007, he finished second on the team with 43 receptions for 622 receiving yards and six receiving touchdowns in 12 games.

2008 season
On September 6, against Houston, he had nine receptions for 236 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns to go along with a punt return touchdown in the 56–37 victory. On September 27, against Troy, he had six receptions for 118 yards and three receiving touchdowns in the 55–24 victory. In the next game, against Texas A&M, he had 106 receiving yards, three receiving touchdowns, and a punt return touchdown in the 56–28 victory. On October 18, against Baylor, he had 11 receptions for 212 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 34–6 victory. On November 1, against Iowa State, he had nine receptions for 171 yards and four receiving touchdowns in the 59–17 victory. On November 29, against Oklahoma, he had six receptions for 91 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 61–41 loss. On December 30, against Oregon in the 2008 Holiday Bowl, he had 13 receptions for 167 yards and a receiving touchdown in the 42–31 loss. He finished the 2008 season with 87 receptions for 1,480 receiving yards and 19 receiving touchdowns, including two punt returns for touchdowns.

2009 season
Bryant was ruled ineligible for the rest of the 2009 season on October 7 for violating an NCAA bylaw. He failed to fully disclose his interaction with Deion Sanders, a former NFL player, to the NCAA. He was considered the best wide receiver in 2009 and a possible Heisman Trophy contender before the suspension. In three games, he finished with 323 receiving yards, four receiving touchdowns, and a punt return touchdown.

College statistics

College awards and honors
 2007 Second-team freshman All-America (Rivals)
 2008 First-team All-America by AFCA-Coaches, Associated Press, Walter Camp, Sporting News, Pro Football Weekly, Sports Illustrated

Professional career

NFL Draft
On November 5, 2009, Bryant announced his intentions to enter the 2010 NFL Draft. He was widely believed to be the best wide receiver available. If he slipped by the Broncos, Bryant was projected to fall no lower than the 27th pick to the Dallas Cowboys. After dropping because of character concerns, the Cowboys traded up with the New England Patriots, moving from the 27th to the 24th position to select Bryant. For the move, the team sent a third-round draft choice, which was the 90th overall pick, while receiving the Patriots' fourth-round draft choice, which was the 119th overall pick.

Dallas Cowboys

2010 season: Rookie year

Bryant was signed by the Cowboys to a contract very similar to that of Vikings' wide receiver Percy Harvin (five years, $12.05 million, roughly $8.4 million guaranteed) on July 22, 2010. On July 23, 2010, it was announced that Bryant would wear the #88 jersey, the same as Hall of Famer Michael Irvin, and Cowboys legend Drew Pearson.

On September 12, Bryant made his NFL debut against the Washington Redskins and had eight receptions for 56 yards. His eight receptions in his NFL debut set a franchise record for most in a player's first game. In the next game, he had a punt return touchdown in the 27–20 loss to the Chicago Bears. On October 17, Bryant caught his first NFL touchdown catch, on a 31-yard pass from Tony Romo. The Cowboys ended up losing that game 24–21. In a Monday Night Football game against the New York Giants, at Cowboys Stadium on October 25, 2010, Bryant caught four passes for 54 yards, two of them for touchdowns, and returned a punt 93 yards for a touchdown, making the longest Cowboys' punt return since Dennis Morgan's 98-yard return during the 1974 NFL season. With that performance, Bryant became the youngest wide receiver in franchise history to total three touchdowns in a single game, breaking Michael Irvin's mark in 1988. On November 15, Bryant caught three passes for 104 yards and one touchdown, to become the first Cowboys rookie with a 100+ yard game since Antonio Bryant in 2002. During the fourth quarter of the Cowboys' 38–35 victory over the Indianapolis Colts, Bryant went down with a fractured ankle. Indianapolis' Kavell Conner held onto Bryant's leg while tackling him on a kickoff return, and the Cowboys immediately took Bryant to the locker room. He was placed on the injured reserve list and had surgery on the fractured ankle. He left the game with one catch for 14 yards and a 35.7-yard average on three kickoff returns.

Bryant finished his rookie season with 45 receptions for 561 yards and six receiving touchdowns. Bryant became the first Cowboys rookie to have multiple punt returns for a touchdown in the same season since Kevin Williams in 1993. He was named to the NFL All-Rookie Team for the 2010 season.

2011 season
With the departure of Roy Williams, Bryant won the starting job opposite  Miles Austin.

In the 2011 season, Bryant finished the season with 63 receptions for 928 yards and nine touchdowns, finishing second on the team in all those categories, and handled some punt return duties.

2012 season
Bryant had four receptions for 85 yards in a 24–17 win against the New York Giants in the season opener, which was a rare game played on a Wednesday.  In the Week 4, 34–18 loss to the Chicago Bears, Bryant had eight receptions for 105 yards. After the Week 5 bye, Bryant caught his first two touchdowns of the season, while setting his career-high 13 receptions in a Week 6 game against the Baltimore Ravens. With 32 seconds remaining in the game, Bryant caught a touchdown pass from quarterback Tony Romo to bring the score to 31–29. Following a failed two-point conversion, Dallas recovered an onside kick to give the offense one last opportunity to win the game. Kicker Dan Bailey attempted a 51-yard field goal, but it sailed wide left to end the game with a Cowboys' loss. Throughout September and October, Bryant was being criticized in the media for dropping balls, fumbles and running poor routes, but he started to live up to his potential in a Week 8 game against the New York Giants, when he registered 110 yards on only five catches, and almost came up with a last-minute Hail Mary touchdown, but it was reversed because his hand was ruled out of bounds.  In Week 11 against the Cleveland Browns, Bryant had 12 catches for a then-career-high 145 yards. In Week 12, against the Washington Redskins, he head eight receptions for 145 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 38–31 loss. Against the New Orleans Saints in a Week 16 loss, he had the best game of his career to that point, with nine receptions for a career-high 224 yards and two touchdowns. He tied the franchise record for most consecutive games, with seven, with at least a touchdown reception, which is shared with Franklin Clarke (1961–1962), Bob Hayes (1965–1966), and Terrell Owens (2007). His 224 receiving yards were the fourth most in franchise history for a single game at the time.

Bryant finished the 2012 season with 92 receptions for 1,382 yards and 12 touchdowns; these ranked 10th, sixth, and third, respectively, among all receivers. He tied the franchise record for most consecutive games, with seven, with at least a touchdown reception, which is shared with Franklin Clarke, Bob Hayes, and Terrell Owens. In addition, he set a franchise record for most games in a single season with multiple receiving touchdowns with four, breaking a mark which was tied with Clarke, Hayes, and Owens.

He suffered from several injuries throughout the second half of the season. He injured his finger in early December, opting to play through the injury for the duration of the season, saying that opponents would "have to break my leg to keep me out." He left in the fourth quarter of the final game of the season against the Redskins with a back injury. Head coach Jason Garrett stated after the game that Bryant "could barely walk", with the injury. He was ranked 35th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013.

2013 season
In Week 2, Bryant had nine receptions for 141 receiving yards and a touchdown in a 17–16 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs. In a Week 5, 51–48 shootout loss to the Denver Broncos, Bryant had six receptions for 141 yards and two touchdowns. On October 20, he had eight receptions for 110 yards in a 17–3 win over the Philadelphia Eagles. In the next game, a 31–30 loss to the Detroit Lions, he had 72 receiving yards and two touchdowns. In a narrow Week 15 37–36 loss to the Green Bay Packers, Bryant finished with a season-high 11 catches for 153 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown. The Cowboys ended up going 8–8 and missed the playoffs.

Bryant started all 16 games and finished the season with 93 catches and 13 touchdowns, both career highs, and 1,233 receiving yards. These ranked eighth in catches, 13th in yards, and third in touchdowns, respectively, among all receivers. Bryant went to his first Pro Bowl. He was ranked 25th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014.

2014 season

Entering the final year of his rookie contract, Bryant managed to improve and had the most productive year of his career. He caught 88 passes for 1,320 yards and 16 touchdowns, the latter of which led the NFL and broke Terrell Owens' franchise record of 15 touchdown receptions. As a result, he was selected for his second consecutive Pro-Bowl appearance and was chosen as first-team All-Pro.

Bryant caught five passes for 55 yards while the Cowboys were beaten at home in Week 1 by the San Francisco 49ers by a score of 28–17. However, over the next six weeks, the offense improved as they won six straight games and Bryant was dominant over the stretch, catching 41 passes for 535 yards and four touchdowns.

During Week 8 against the Washington Redskins, Tony Romo was injured and forced to miss a good portion of the game (he later returned to finish the game). As a result, the Cowboys' offense, with Brandon Weeden under center, struggled and Bryant's production decreased as a direct result. Romo missed the following week with an injured transverse process, and the Cowboys were beaten by the Arizona Cardinals by a score of 28–17. Bryant had five catches for 45 yards and two touchdowns during this stretch. Romo returned the following week against the Jacksonville Jaguars, and Bryant's production increased when he caught six passes for 158 yards and two touchdowns in the second quarter alone, making this the most productive quarter of his career. With Romo back for the remaining six games, Dallas began to dominate as Bryant compiled 32 catches for 527 yards and eight touchdowns. In a Week 12 game in that stretch, Bryant scored a late go-ahead touchdown in the fourth quarter against the New York Giants in the 31–28 victory. He was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for Week 15. During this stretch, Dallas was 5–1 and finished with a record of 12–4, which tied for most wins in the NFL during the 2014 season. Bryant finished with 88 receptions for 1,320 yards and 16 touchdowns. It was his third consecutive season with double-digit touchdowns.

The Cowboys made the playoffs for the first time since 2009 and Bryant played in his first playoff game, against the Detroit Lions. In a defensive struggle, Bryant saw double coverage for most of the night and was largely unproductive. However, after some second-half adjustments by the Cowboys, the Dallas offense took advantage of the added attention to Bryant and began to move the ball frequently through the air, targeting Bryant's counterparts in the receiving corps and the Cowboys won 24–20 after being down 20–7 late in the third quarter. The game was not without controversy; as the  Lions were ahead on the scoreboard, 20–17, facing a third-and-1, quarterback Matthew Stafford threw a pass to tight end Brandon Pettigrew, who was seemingly interfered with by Cowboys linebacker Anthony Hitchens, and the referees threw a flag and announced a pass interference. After about a minute, the referees gathered their flags and declared no foul on the play, which resulted in a fourth-and-1. After an attempt to draw Dallas offsides, Detroit punted the ball back to the Cowboys and Dallas drove 59 yards and scored the game-winning touchdown.

In the Divisional Round, the Cowboys lost to the Green Bay Packers 26–21. The game is noted for a controversial call that reversed a complete 31-yard pass to Bryant on fourth-and-2 from the Packers' 32. Although Bryant, covered by Sam Shields, caught the ball with both feet coming down in bounds, Bryant bobbled the ball as he stretched towards the 1-yard line. Referees initially ruled Bryant down at the 1-yard line, but overturned this call as an incomplete pass following a challenge from Packers' coach Mike McCarthy. Bryant said after the game that he believed it was a catch without a doubt, and wanted to know why his catch was overturned. Dean Blandino, NFL vice president of officiating, also confirmed that the play was correctly reversed by tweeting "Bryant going to the ground. By rule he must hold onto it throughout entire process of contacting the ground. He didn't so it is incomplete." Later, during the following offseason, according to The Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Blandino met with the Cowboys stating "The message to the coaches and players – because we've gone out and visited with every staff – is if you're falling to the ground to make the catch, then you have to maintain the control when you land," Blandino said. "And if you reach or do anything with the football, that's not going to trump that requirement to maintain control." In the offseason, he was ranked 15th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.

2015 season

On March 3, 2015, the Cowboys placed the nonexclusive franchise tag, worth $12.823 million, on Bryant. On July 15, 2015, Bryant and the Cowboys reached an agreement on a five-year, $70 million contract that included $45 million of guaranteed money and a $20 million signing bonus.

During Sunday Night Football against the New York Giants in the Cowboys' regular season opener, Bryant left the game with a foot injury. An x-ray revealed a fracture in the foot that required surgery. Recovery time for Bryant's injury required 4–6 weeks. He returned in Week 8 against the Seattle Seahawks and struggled, recording two receptions for 12 yards in a 13–12 loss to the Seahawks in AT&T Stadium. Week 9 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Bryant caught his first touchdown of the season on a day where he totaled five catches for 104 yards in the 33–27 loss. Limited to nine games in the 2015 season, Bryant had 31 receptions for 401 receiving yards and three touchdowns. He was ranked 51st by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. On January 6, 2016, he underwent foot and ankle surgeries.

For the season, Bryant has sold the most merchandise for a wide receiver and fifth most overall merchandise with only Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, Russell Wilson, and Aaron Rodgers selling more than Bryant.

2016 season
Bryant started the 2016 season with a new starting quarterback in Dak Prescott as Tony Romo suffered a back injury in the preseason. After recording a single reception for eight yards in the season opening loss to the New York Giants, he had seven receptions for 102 yards in a Week 2 27–23 victory over the Washington Redskins. Bryant suffered a hairline fracture in his knee in Week 3 against the Chicago Bears, forcing him to miss extended time. He returned in Week 8 against the Philadelphia Eagles. Overall, he finished the season with 50 receptions for 796 yards and a team-high eight touchdowns in 13 games played.

The Cowboys finished with a 13–3 record and won the NFC East. Bryant's most productive performance of the season came in the postseason against the Green Bay Packers in the Divisional Round, where he recorded nine receptions for 132 yards and two touchdowns in a 34–31 defeat. Bryant was named to the Pro Bowl for the third time in his career, replacing Julio Jones, who could not participate due to the Atlanta Falcons advancing to Super Bowl LI. He was ranked 60th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017.

2017 season

Bryant started the 2017 season scoring a touchdown in four of the team's first six games. During a Week 9 28–17 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs, Bryant sprained his ankle, and was sidelined for the rest of the game.

On November 30, against the Washington Redskins, Bryant passed Bob Hayes for the Cowboys franchise record for receiving touchdowns. Overall, he played in all 16 games in the 2017 season and recorded 69 receptions for 838 yards and six touchdowns as the Cowboys finished with a 9–7 record and missed the playoffs.

The Cowboys released Bryant on April 13, 2018, after eight seasons with the team.

New Orleans Saints
On November 7, 2018, nine weeks into the 2018 season, Bryant agreed to a one-year, $1.25 million deal with the New Orleans Saints. Two days after signing with the Saints, Bryant tore his Achilles tendon during team practice. He was placed on injured reserve the following day, ending his season without playing a single game with the Saints.

2019
In October 2019, Bryant stated that he was going to rehabilitate and train during the 2019 season. He said he did not plan on retiring and wanted to return to play football in 2019, but did not sign with a team.

Baltimore Ravens
On October 27, 2020, Bryant was signed to the Baltimore Ravens' practice squad. He was elevated to the active roster on November 7 and November 21 for the team's weeks 9 and 10 games against the Indianapolis Colts and Tennessee Titans, and reverted to the practice squad after each game. Against the Titans, Bryant recorded his first reception since the 2017 season for a four-yard gain. He finished the game with a season-high four receptions for 28 yards in the 30–24 overtime loss. He was promoted to the active roster on November 28. Right before the Week 13 matchup against the Dallas Cowboys, his former team, Bryant tested positive for COVID-19 and was ineligible to play. He was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list by the team on December 10, 2020, and activated on December 15. In Week 15 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Bryant caught an 11-yard touchdown pass, his first touchdown since 2017, in the Ravens' 40–14 win. The next week, he caught an eight-yard touchdown pass in the fourth quarter of the Ravens' 27–13 win over the New York Giants. He finished the 2020 regular season with six receptions for 47 yards and two touchdowns.

2021 - 2023

In February 2021, Bryant was a free agent and tweeted his desire to play two more seasons in the NFL.

In a May 2022 interview, Bryant stated he was not ready to call it quits in the NFL, and wanted to play for the Arizona Cardinals.

As of March 2023 Bryant had not officially retired from football.

NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Cowboys franchise records
Most receiving touchdowns, career: 73
Most games with at least two receiving touchdowns, single season: (4) (twice, in 2012 and 2014)
Most games with at least two receiving touchdowns, career: (15) (tied with Bob Hayes)
Consecutive games with a receiving touchdown: (7) (tied with Terrell Owens, Bob Hayes, and Frank Clarke)

Personal life
Bryant had a troubled upbringing, born to a 15-year-old mother, Angela, who was arrested for dealing crack cocaine when Bryant was eight years old. He went on to live in eight different homes while attending Lufkin High School. Bryant has two sons, Zayne and Dez Jr. Bryant was sued in March 2011 for $861,350 for legal fees and the cost of jewelry, which he acquired on credit while a student athlete. The case was settled before court proceedings for between $400,000 and $500,000.

On July 16, 2012, Bryant was arrested on a class A misdemeanor domestic violence charge for allegedly striking his biological mother, Angela Bryant. In March 2013, Bryant spoke at an event for Dallas Men Against Abuse. At the event, he stated, "I'm done with domestic abuse." On August 28, 2014, Bryant launched his official brand and apparel line, ThrowUpTheX. On June 22, 2016, Bryant was sued by Texas state senator Royce West for damaging a rented house in DeSoto, Texas. Damage to the rental house totaled over $60,000.

In a tweet, Bryant endorsed Kanye West's campaign in the 2020 United States presidential election.

See also
 List of Dallas Cowboys first-round draft picks
 List of National Football League annual receiving touchdowns leaders
 List of NCAA major college football yearly scoring leaders
 List of NFL 1,000-yard receiving trios
 List of Oklahoma State Cowboys in the NFL Draft

References

External links

Oklahoma State Cowboys bio

1988 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
All-American college football players
American football wide receivers
Baltimore Ravens players
Dallas Cowboys players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
New Orleans Saints players
Oklahoma State Cowboys football players
People from Galveston County, Texas
Sportspeople from Lufkin, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people


The Edirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery (), one of the largest burial grounds of Istanbul, Turkey, is located in the neighborhood of Edirnekapı of Eyüp district, in the European part of the city. It consists of an old, historical part and a modern one. War graves of fallen Ottoman soldiers during the Balkan Wars, the Gallipoli campaign of World War I, graves of the Turkish Armed Forces military personnel and law enforcement officials, firefighters, Turkish Airlines personnel are part of the cemetery.

History
The cemetery is said originally to have been formed with the graves of the Ottoman soldiers, who fell in the battle during the Second Ottoman Siege and Fall of Constantinople in 1453, where the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI established his command and the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II made his triumphal entry into the conquered city. There is however no historical or archaeological evidence for this, the oldest known graves date from ca. 1600 AD. The cemetery is situated outside Edirnekapı (literally: Edirne Gate), historically the Gate of Charisius of the city walls, on top of the sixth hill of the old city.

The old part of the cemetery, including an area called "Mısır Tarlası" (literally: Corn Field), hosts graves of personalities from the 16th to the early 20th centuries. The other part of the cemetery consists of two grounds, Edirnekapı Cemetery and Sakızağacı Cemetery. Soldiers, who fought and were wounded in the Russo-Turkish Wars, Balkan Wars and the World War I, and died in Istanbul after hospitalization, were interred in Edirnekapı Cemetery. The General Command of Mapping denotes the number of such historical graves with around 13,000.

Military personnel of the Turkish Army, Navy and Air Force, personnel of the police force, firefighters and Turkish Airlines have all separate sections in the cemetery.

Notable burials
Listed alphabetically:

In the historic part
 Bâkî (died 1600), poet
 Buhurizade Itri (died 1711), composer

In the modern part
 Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu (1878–1945), journalist
 Yusuf Akçura (1876–1935), Pan-Turkist activist
 Oğuz Atay (1934–1977), author
 Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873–1936), poet
 Burhan Kuzu (1955–2020), academic and politician
 Süleyman Nazif (1870–1927), poet
 Recep Peker (1889–1950), prime minister
 Ruhi Sarıalp (1924–2001), Olympic medalist track and field athlete
 Leyla Saz (1850–1936), female composer
 Naim Süleymanoğlu (1967–2017), multiple world and Olympic champion weightlifter
 Bruno Taut (1880–1938), German architect (the only non-Muslim)
 Vedat Tek (1873–1942), architect
 Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1845–1936), last Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
 Cengiz Topel (1934–1964), fighter pilot
 Suat Hayri Ürgüplü (1903–1981), prime minister

Gallery

References

External links

 Hans-Peter Laqueur, Osmanische Friedhöfe und Grabsteine in Istanbul (=Istanbuler Mitteilungen, Beiheft 38) Tübingen (Ernst Wasmuth Verlag) 1993, pp. 19–25

Cemeteries in Istanbul
Turkish military memorials and cemeteries
Eyüp
Sunni cemeteries


Patrick Hubert Gaspard (born 1967) is an American former diplomat who serves as president of Center for American Progress (CAP), a liberal think tank.

A noted Democratic Party leader and strategist, Gaspard served as executive director of the Democratic National Committee from 2011 to 2013. Gaspard served as United States Ambassador to South Africa from 2013 to 2016. Prior to his appointment to lead CAP, Gaspard served as president of the Open Society Foundations from 2017 to 2020.

Early life
Patrick Hubert Gaspard was born in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, to parents from Haiti. His parents had moved to Congo at the behest of revolutionary leader Patrice Lumumba, who urged French-speaking professionals to move to the country.

Gaspard moved with his parents to the United States when he was three years old, and he was raised in New York City. Gaspard graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School and attended Columbia University from 1984 to 1987.

Career

New York City politics
Gaspard's political career began in New York City, where he worked on Jesse Jackson's 1988 presidential campaign. In the 1989 New York City mayoral election, Gaspard worked on David Dinkins's successful campaign.

Gaspard went on to serve as a special assistant in the Office of the Manhattan Borough President and as a special assistant in Dinkins' mayoral office. From 1998 to 1999, Gaspard was chief of staff to the New York City Council. After leaving city hall, Gaspard became an aide and advisor to Lower East Side councilwoman Margarita Lopez.

Gaspard was an advisor on Bill de Blasio's successful bid in the 2013 New York City mayoral election. Then-Public Advocate de Blasio personally thanked him in his primary victory speech, one of the few non-family members mentioned. In September 2013, he brokered peace between de Blasio and his primary rival Bill Thompson following a contentious contest.

National politics
From 2003 to 2004, he worked for Governor Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign as the National Deputy Field Director, and in 2004, was the National Field Director for America Coming Together. Gaspard spent nine years as the executive vice president for politics and legislation for the 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East labor union, the largest local union in America.

Gaspard initially rejected the opportunity to work on Barack Obama's presidential campaign in 2007 but later got the SEIU to endorse him. He officially joined the campaign as a political director in June 2008.

Obama Administration and DNC
After Obama's election, he was named as Associate Personnel Director of President-elect Obama's transition team under Jim Messina. He was the Director of the White House Office of Political Affairs for the Obama administration from January 2009–11.

Gaspard served as the Executive Director of the Democratic National Committee from 2011–13, overseeing the party committee's efforts to re-elect President Obama.

Ambassador to South Africa
It was leaked in March 2013 that President Obama was planning to nominate Gaspard to the post of United States Ambassador to South Africa. His Senate confirmation hearing was held on July 24, 2013, and he was sworn into the post on August 26, 2013. He served in this position until 2016.

As Ambassador to South Africa, Gaspard worked to strengthen civil society and worked in partnership with the South African government to develop the country’s healthcare infrastructure and land ownership mitigation and to support innovations in local governance. During his tenure, Gaspard worked to connect South African entrepreneurs to United States markets; develop clean, renewable, and efficient energy technologies; and to end wildlife trafficking. Gaspard has been credited with helping the Obama Administration redesign PEPFAR to more efficiently work within South Africa's healthcare system.

Post-Ambassadorship career
In September 2017, Gaspard replaced Chris Stone as president of the Open Society Foundations. Gaspard served in this capacity until December 2020, when he was replaced by Mark Malloch Brown, a British Lord, Baron, and diplomat.

Following the 2020 presidential election, media outlets reported that Gaspard was under consideration for the role of  Secretary of Labor. However, this position was instead filled by Boston Mayor Marty Walsh. In the early stages of the 2021 New York City mayoral election, Gaspard reportedly advised Maya Wiley on her campaign.

President and CEO of Center for American Progress
On June 30, 2021, liberal think tank Center for American Progress (CAP) announced that Gaspard would become its President and CEO, replacing Neera Tanden who left to become an advisor to Joe Biden. Politico described Gaspard's new role as "powerful," due to the Biden administration's close ties to CAP.

Personal life
Gaspard is married and has two children. Gaspard is known for his love of poetry, and has cited poet and politician Aimé Césaire as a key inspiration of his. Gaspard is also an admirer of Russian poet Anna Akhmatova. Gaspard has reportedly taken part in acting and spoken word performances in his spare time. Gaspard has received honorary doctorates from Columbia University and Bard College.

Gaspard is a close friend of Bill de Blasio, the 109th Mayor of New York City. The pair met while working on David Dinkin's 1989 mayoral campaign, and bonded over their shared progressive political views and familial ties to the Caribbean: Gaspard's parents are from Haiti.

Other activities
 Central European University (CEU), Member of the Board of Trustees
 Paris Peace Forum, Member of the Steering Committee

References

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|-

1967 births
African-American diplomats
Ambassadors of the United States to South Africa
American trade union leaders
American politicians of Haitian descent
American community activists
Living people
Obama administration personnel
Center for American Progress people
Service Employees International Union people
Columbia University School of General Studies alumni


Sverdrup Gold Medal Award – is  the American Meteorological Society's award  granted to researchers who make outstanding contributions to the scientific knowledge of interactions between the oceans and the atmosphere.

Recipients
Source: American Meteorological Society (Select name of award and click "submit")
1964 Henry Stommel   for his outstanding contributions to the dynamics of ocean currents, especially the Gulf Stream, and for the rich insight with which he has advanced knowledge of the physical nature of oceanic and atmospheric phenomena, ranging from the large-scale circulation of the oceans to cumulus clouds.
1966 Walter H. Munk   for his outstanding contributions to the dynamics of wind-driven ocean circulations and wave phenomena on the surface of the sea.
1970 Kirk Bryan   for his outstanding contributions to the numerical solutions of the general circulation of the oceans based on nonlinear, three-dimensional models of the oceans driven by wind stress and differential heating.
1971 Klaus Hasselmann   for his work on turbulence and his application of weak-coupling theory to a host of geophysical wave phenomena.
1972 Vladimir Kamenkovich   for his extension of the Sverdrup transport equation to a general theory of ocean circulation, including the effects of island and coastal boundaries, linear and nonlinear.
1975 Owen M. Phillips   for his outstanding studies of both wave phenomena and turbulence in the upper ocean, and in particular for his contributions to the theory of ocean-wave generation.
1976 Robert W. Stewart   for outstanding leadership in experimental and theoretical research in problems of the air–sea interface, and the adjacent turbulent boundary layers of the atmosphere and ocean. He has brought the high standards of measurement and analysis of the laboratory to field studies and has pioneered measurements of surface waves and turbulence in the upper ocean.
1977 Raymond B. Montgomery   for his important contributions to air–sea interactions, isentropic analysis, the study of spatial and temporal analysis of sea level, and the equatorial current system. His influence on a whole generation of oceanographers and meteorologists has been profound—through his encouragement, his high standards of scholarship, and as one of the first editors of the Journal of Meteorology/Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences.
1978 John C. Swallow   for his pioneering measurements of low-frequency variability in the oceans and for his development of a new class of oceanographic instruments.
1979? Hákon Mosby   for his studies of bottom water formation in the Arctic and Antarctic seas and of the earth's water balance, and for his inspiring leadership in international cooperation among oceanographers.
1981 Jerome Namias   for studies of the ocean's role in climatic variability. His long-term dedication to large-scale, air–sea interaction and inspiring leadership has laid the basis for present progress.
1983 Michael S. Longuet-Higgins   for his many outstanding contributions to our understanding of the dynamics of ocean surface waves, including wave–current interactions, nonlinear interactions among waves, wave instabilities, and wave breaking.
1985 S. George Philander   for many outstanding contributions to the understanding of the air–sea interaction, particularly in numerous papers describing, discussing, and explaining the Southern Oscillation–El Niño problem, including suggested new physical processes which go far to explaining the observations.
1987 James J. O Brien   for his outstanding leadership in research on air–sea interactions, the influence of oceanic oscillations on climate variability and of intense storms on oceanic structure.
1988 Hisashi Mitsuyasu   for pioneering experimental work on ocean-wave dynamics and its applications to wave modeling and forecasting.
1991 Klaus Wyrtki   for pioneering studies of large-scale oceanographic variability, especially his revealing analyses of Pacific data.
1992 Mark A. Cane   for the insight provided in his many theoretical studies of large-scale air–sea interaction.
1993 Tim P. Barnett   for outstanding contributions to research on the role of the oceans in global climate variation.
1994 Mark A. Donelan   for numerous contributions to the understanding of the physics of ocean surface waves.
1995 James F. Price   for important interpretations of observations of upper ocean time dependent variability, including Ekman layers, inertial observations, response to a hurricane, oceanic eddies, and mixed layer physics.
1996 Julian P. McCreary, Jr.   for fundamental contributions to the physical understanding of upper-ocean dynamics including El Niño, the Equatorial Undercurrent, the ocean mixed layer, and eastern boundary currents.
1997 Kristina B. Katsaros   for pioneering research, leadership during field experiments, and dedication to international education of air–sea interaction.
1998 Willard J. Pierson   for his contributions to air–sea interaction, particularly aspects of remote sensing.
1999 John Stuart Godfrey   for contributions to the estimation of air–sea fluxes in the tropics, and to the theory of ocean circulation.
2000 Mojib Latif   for his many contributions to the theory of largescale ocean–atmosphere interactions, especially his pioneering work with comprehensive coupled models.
2001 Stefan Hastenrath   for numerous insightful and fundamental contributions to the description and diagnosis of large-scale ocean–atmosphere interactions.
2002 Michael L. Banner   for advancing the understanding of wave dynamics, especially wave breaking and the role of waves in air–sea interaction.
2003 Robert A. Weller, senior scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts   for scientific leadership and sustained excellence in the development and use of innovative measurement techniques in the air–sea boundary layer.
2004 Prof. Toshio Yamagata, Dept. of Earth & Planetary Science Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan   for outstanding accomplishments in the study of ocean and climate dynamics, especially with respect to El Niño and air-sea interaction over the Indian Ocean.
2005 Joseph Pedlosky, Senior Scientist and Doherty Oceanographer, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.   for developing geophysical fluid dynamics, including the theories of baroclinic instability and of ocean circulation driven by wind and buoyancy flux.
2006 Peter K. Taylor, Head, James Rennell Division, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom   For major contributions to our understanding of oceanatmosphere interactions and for determination and leadership in improving the climatology of airsea fluxes based on measurements from ships.
2007 David K. Anderson   For his extensive contributions to improving the predictability and prediction of climate variability and to better understanding the dynamics of the ocean and of ENSO.
2008 Dean Roemmich   For major contributions to the measurement and understanding of the ocean’s role in climate, and for leading the development and implementation of the Argo profiling float array.
2009 Christopher W. Fairall   For important, continuing contributions to air-sea interaction research, particularly the observation and modeling of physical and gaseous transfers in conditions ranging from calm to storms, tropical to arctic.
2010 Bruce A. Warren, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, MA   For advancing our understanding of the general circulation of the ocean through observations and dynamical interpretation.
2011 Eric A. D’Asaro   For pioneering instrumental, observational, and analytical progress in understanding upper ocean responses to atmospheric forcing.
2012 Allan J. Clarke   "For fundamental contributions to the dynamics of ocean currents and air-sea interaction with particular emphasis on El Niño/Southern Oscillation."
2013 Ken Melville   for pioneering contributions in advancing knowledge on the role of surface wave breaking and related processes in air-sea interaction.
2014 John Marshall  for his fundamental insights into water mass transformation and deep convection and their implications for global climate and its variability
2015 Claude Frankignoul for profound contributions to the understanding of the atmosphere’s stochastic forcing of the ocean and the ocean’s feedback
2016 Michael McPhaden for fundamental and extensive contributions to understanding, observing, and forecasting tropical oceanic and atmospheric climate variability.
2017 Shang-Ping Xie For fundamental contributions to understanding the coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback processes involved in climate variability and climate change
2018 Michael Alexander For innovative and insightful studies of large-scale air-sea interactions and their role in climate variability, and interdisciplinary work on climate change impacts on marine ecosystems
2019 Fei-Fei Jin For seminal and lasting contributions to understanding ocean–atmosphere interactions in the tropics and mid-latitudes
2020 Peter R. Gent For fundamental contributions to understanding the ocean’s role in climate and its representation in Earth system models
__

See also

 List of oceanography awards
 List of meteorology awards

References

Meteorology awards
Oceanography awards
American Meteorological Society
Awards established in 1964
American science and technology awards


John Norman Nelson (28 May 1908 – 20 June 1991) was an Australian politician. Born in Bundaberg, Queensland, he was the son of politician Harold Nelson. Jock Nelson was educated at state schools in Darwin before becoming a jackeroo and goldminer, and later a bore contractor at Alice Springs. After serving in the military from 1942 to 1945, he became a pastoralist. In 1949, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Northern Territory, defeating the sitting independent, Adair Blain. At this time, the member for Northern Territory could only vote on matters relating to the Territory itself. In 1963, he was re-elected unopposed, the last occasion when a member was returned to the House of Representatives in this fashion. He retired in 1966, an occasion used by the Country Party to take the seat. Nelson returned to pastoralism and served as the first Mayor of Alice Springs (1971 - 1973) before he stepped down to become the Administrator of the Northern Territory (1973–1975) before his death in 1991.

See also
 Darwin Rebellion

References

1908 births
1991 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Northern Territory
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Northern Territory Legislative Council
Administrators of the Northern Territory
20th-century Australian politicians


Boris Nikitich Markarov (, 12 March 1935 – 23 April 2023) was a Russian water polo player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Markarov was part of the Soviet team which won the bronze medal in the 1956 tournament. He played four matches and scored one goal.

Markarov died on 23 April 2023, at the age of 88.

See also
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)

References

External links

1935 births
2023 deaths
Russian male water polo players
Soviet male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the Soviet Union
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in water polo
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples


American Men and Women of Science (40th edition was published in 2022; 41st edition is slated for release in 2023) is a biographical reference work on leading scientists in the United States and Canada, published as a series of books and online by Gale. The first edition was published in 1906, named American Men of Science; the work broadened its title to include women in 1971. (However, women were listed in it before that. Two women, Grace Andrews and Charlotte Angas Scott, were listed in the first edition of American Men of Science in 1906.)

American Men and Women of Science profiles living persons in the physical and biological fields, as well as public health scientists, engineers, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. According to the publisher, those included met the following criteria: (1) Distinguished achievement, by reason of experience, training or accomplishment, including contributions to literature, coupled with continuing activity in scientific work; or (2) Research activity of high quality in science as evidenced by publication in reputable scientific journals; or, (3) for those whose work cannot be published due to governmental or industrial security, research activity of high quality in science as evidenced by the judgment of the individual's peers; or (4) Attainment of a position of substantial responsibility requiring scientific training and experience.

Booklist described American Men and Women of Science as the "Cadillac of scientific biography".  WorldTrade wrote that American Men and Women of Science "... remains without peer as a chronicle of scientific endeavor and achievement in the United States and Canada."

Scientists who are not citizens of the United States or Canada are included if a significant portion of their work was performed in North America.

Background
It was first compiled as American Men of Science by James McKeen Cattell in 1906. (Despite the name, two women, Grace Andrews and Charlotte Angas Scott, were listed in this first edition of American Men of Science.) As of 2020, the book has published 38 editions in its 114-year history. In 1971, its name was changed from American Men of Science to American Men and Women of Science.

The project editor for the 38th edition published in 2020 was Katherine H. Nemeh. Recent Advisory Board members include James E. Bobick, Former Department Head, Science and Technology Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh K. Lee Lerner, Science Correspondent and Senior Commissioning Editor, LMG (London, Paris, Cambridge); and David A. Tyckoson, Associate Dean, Henry Madden Library, California State University, Fresno.  Lerner, also a member of the National Press Club of Washington, D.C.. has served on the AMWS Advisory Board since 2003.

Recent editions have made progress toward greater inclusion and diversity. The 18 volumes of the 38th edition of AMWS feature short biographies, including education, experience, research, honors and awards, across a range of scientific disciplines. Entries are indexed by the 192 Taxonomy of Degrees and Employment Specialties categories of the National Science Foundation.

References

External links

WorldTrade Review Essays (Book review)

American biographies
Canadian biographical dictionaries
United States biographical dictionaries
20th-century establishments in the United States


Sheikh Muhammad Ali Ja'abari ( 1900–1980) was the long-serving mayor of the Palestinian city of Hebron, appointed by Jordan, from 1948 to 1976. Ja'abari was head of the Jericho Conference in Jericho which supported the unification of the West Bank and Jordan. In the 1950s, he held a seat in the upper chamber of the Jordanian government.

Career
After Israel occupied the West Bank from Jordan in the 1967 Six-Day War, he proposed that Israel only remain in power for five years after which the Palestinians would reserve the right of self-determination. Apparently, it had been agreed with Israel that he would serve as the Prime Minister of a new Palestinian state. He prominently opposed the violent nature of the fedayeen. Throughout the 1970s, he was member of various Jordanian cabinets.

Ja'abari died in 1980. He is related to Sulaiman Ja'abari, the former Grand Mufti of Jerusalem.

References

1900 births
1980 deaths
People from Hebron
Members of the Senate of Jordan
Mayors of Hebron
Mayors of places in Jordan


Arthur Ringland (September 29, 1882 – October 12, 1981) is known as the principal founder of CARE, a humanitarian organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.

Career
Ringland began his lifelong government career in 1900 when he joined the U.S. Forest Service where he helped establish the national park and national forest system. Between 1900 and 1945, Arthur Ringland led a variety of government programs that ranged from conservation work to refugee relief. In 1945, he originated the concept of the private voluntary organization that became CARE. A principal aspect of that work was persuading the government to provide ships to transport food packages that had been donated for the needy in Europe. He thus became known as "the father of CARE," and was honored for his efforts by the United Nations in 1958.

Ringland was born in Brooklyn, New York, on September 29, 1882. He received his master's degree in forestry at the Sheffield School of Science, Yale University in 1905. He entered Federal forest work while still a student in 1900. His obituary notes he was 99 when he died.

In 1905, the year the modern Forest Service was created as an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Mr. Ringland was assigned to the Southwest Region. As one of the first graduate foresters ever to work in the area, he was appointed Forest Assistant on the Lincoln National Forest. From 1908 to 1916, he was District Forester (Regional Forester) for the Southwestern Region. He led the survey crew that established the boundaries of the National Forests in the Region and a pioneer of  fire planning.

Mr. Ringland was present in the office of President Taft when the New Mexico statehood proclamation was signed in 1912.

In 1917, he joined the Army. He was assigned to a forestry regiment formed to run sawmills in France. After the war, he stayed on to serve on the Board of War Damages for the American Peace Commission. Between 1919 and 1921, Mr. Ringland was chief of mission, under Herbert Hoover, for the American Relief Administration in Europe He directed the post war relief to Czechoslovakian children and from 1922 to 1924 was chief of mission to Turkey for relief of Russian refugees. As a consultant to the National Defense Advisory Commission, he investigated the extent of disturbance to human life when farm land was taken for military sites. Ringland was awarded the Czechoslovakia Order of the White Lion by President Tomáš Masaryk in 1921. He was also awarded the Order of St. Stanislas by General Pyotr Wrangel for the Russian Government in exile in 1922.

Ringland was a lifelong member of the Cosmos Club of Washington, one of the first members of the Society of American Foresters which elected him a Fellow, and was a member of the Forest History Society. He died October 12, 1981, in Bethesda, Maryland.

References

1882 births
1981 deaths
American foresters
American humanitarians
People from Montgomery County, Maryland
Recipients of the Order of the White Lion
United States Forest Service officials
Yale University alumni


Burgmeier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Franz Burgmeier (born 1982), Liechtensteiner footballer and brother of Patrick Burgmeier
John Burgmeier (born 1974), American voice actor and script writer
Patrick Burgmeier (born 1980), Liechtensteiner footballer and brother of Franz Burgmeier
Tom Burgmeier (born 1943), American former Major League Baseball relief pitcher