C. T. K. Chari (5 June 1909 – 5 January 1993) was Head of the Department of Philosophy at Madras Christian College from 1958 to 1969 and the most prominent among contemporary Indian philosophers who paid close attention to psi phenomena.  Chari published extensively on extremely diverse topics, such as logic, linguistics, information theory, mathematics, quantum physics, philosophy of mind, and, of course, psi research.

Early life
Cadambur Tiruvenkatachari Krishnamachari (CTK) was born on 5 June 1909 in Tiruvellore, South India. He was the third son of Tiruvenkatachari and Padmammal. He had two older brothers - C.T.Rajagopal, a noted mathematician, and C.T.Venugopal. They had a young sister - Kamala. They were grand nephews and niece of the illustrious brothers - Sir.P.Rajagopalachari KCSI, CIE and P.Narasimhachari - Justice in High Court of Burma (Myanmar).

CTK and his family lived in Triplicane (Chennai) on Big Street and all of them studied in Hindu Higher secondary school. He did his intermediate in Presidency College, Chennai. Following the two years in the intermediate college, he got his BA (Honors) from Madras Christian College (MCC) and distinguished himself by also winning the Samuel Sathyanathan Gold medal for Philosophy.  He then became a tutor and lecturer at American College, Madurai.  In 1940, he joined MCC as an assistant professor.

Career
CTK was contributing scholarly articles to scientific magazines and journals even before he got his doctorate or before becoming a professor at MCC. His first paper – ‘An Epistemological approach to the special theory of relativity' was published by Mind in April 1937. Towards the end of 1952 he started to work on his doctoral thesis - 'On some spatial representations of time and their significance for problem of precognition'. His supervisor was Professor Parthasarathy (Major) and in 1953, his thesis was sent to a board of three judges that included Sir Karl Popper at University of London. He was awarded his PhD with top honors, something that was widely expected. At the same time the university allowed him to convert his BA (Honors) degree to be an MA degree.

By 1958, he was appointed the Head of the Department of Philosophy.  From then to his retirement in 1969, he and his family lived at Staff Bungalow 15 (behind Bishop Heber Hall) on the Madras Christian College Campus at Tambaram.  Following his retirement, he continued as a (University Grants Commission) professor until 1976. He also was the acting head of the department of Philosophy until 1971. The family moved outside the college campus to a house which they called 'The Cloister' where CTK and Mythili lived out the remainder of their lives.

Contemporaries
In 1955, Gardner Murphy visited Dr. Chari at the request of Eileen Garrett - a medium and one of the founding members of the Parapsychology Foundation, after which Dr. Chari became a regular contributor to various parapsychological magazines.

Interests
He wrote much about philosophy of science, social impact of the philosophy, metaphysics, psychology, parapsychology, cognitive sciences and quantum mechanics. Apart from written articles for various journals, he also had his speeches broadcast on radio occasionally, of which 'Philosophy of Bertrand Russell' - is the only documented one as it was later published by All India Radio

Reincarnation and astrology
He had a long and engaged battle of wits with Ian Stevenson who studied reincarnation  across South East Asia and published a lot of cases favoring the phenomenon. CTK was skeptical, and questioned Dr. Stevenson's research in the Journal for American Society of Psychical Research.  He similarly discussed the research and views of Dr. B. V. Raman, who was the founder of the Indian Astrological magazine.

Later years
In the 1980s, he slowly wound down his research activities, though his correspondence with various scholars continued to the very end. His last contribution was a paper titled 'Paranormal Religious Thanthology' to Christian Parapsychologist in March 1992. Mythili died in Jan 1992 and CTK died within a year in Jan 1993.

References

Publications
By C. T. K. Chari
- Introduction to the book titled ‘From India to the Planet Mars: a Study of a Case of Somnambulism’ by Flournoy, Theodore with Glossolalia; University Books; New Edition (1963)

- A detailed list of scientific papers published is to be found here

On C. T. K. Chari
- Great Thinkers on Great Questions by Varghese, Roy Abraham (, )

1909 births
1993 deaths
20th-century Indian philosophers
Critics of parapsychology
Madras Christian College alumni
Philosophers of mind
Philosophers of science
Parapsychologists


Valona may refer to:

 Vlorë, Albania
 Principality of Valona (1346–1417), a medieval state centered around Vlorë
 Valona, California, United States
 Valona, Georgia, United States
 Valona (song), Mexican poetry and song style


Rovira () is a surname of Catalan origin. It is derived from the , "oak grove", meaning that it is etymologically akin to another Catalan surname, Roureda. Variants of Rovira include Rovires, Robira, Ruvira, Rubira, Rubires, Roïra and Ruyra, as well as the compound forms Roviralta, Roviro, Rovireta, Rovirola and Rubirosa.

List of persons with the surname

Gaspar de Portolá i Rovira (1716-1786), Spanish Catalan noble, soldier, explorer
Antoni Rovira i Virgili (1882–1949), Spanish Catalan politician
Antoni Rovira i Trias (1816–1889), Spanish Catalan architect
Carlos Rovira (born 1956), Argentine politician
Custodio García Rovira (1780–1816), Neogranadine general and statesman
Francesc Rovira i Sala (1764–1820), priest and partisan leader of the Peninsular War
Francisco Rovira Beleta (1913–1999), Spanish Catalan screenwriter and film director
Jacme Rovira, medieval Catalan poet
Josep Rovira Soler (1900–1998), Spanish Catalan painter
Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira (born 1952), Spanish Catalan politician
José Miguel Rovira (c. 1920–1993), Puerto Rican industrialist
Luis D. Rovira (1923–2011), justice of the Colorado Supreme Court
Pere de Rovira (1143–1158), Catalonia, Spain, Knights Templar (First Provincial Master)

Others
Rovira Biscuits Corporation, the crackers company

References

Catalan-language surnames


Carmofur (INN) or HCFU (1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil) is a pyrimidine analogue used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of fluorouracil, being a lipophilic-masked analog of 5-FU that can be administered orally.

Biology
Carmofur prodrug is ingested and taken up in the intestine, overcoming the problem of 5-FU degradation by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Once inside a cell, the carmofur prodrug is converted into 5-FU.

Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of carmofur prodrug is traditionally thought to be the generation of 5–FU. However, carmofur is a highly potent acid ceramidase (AC) inhibitor. Ceramide influences cancer cell survival, growth and death. Inhibition of AC activity sensitizes tumor cells to the effects of antineoplastic agents and radiation. Carmofur, much more effective than temozolomide, has been reported as the small-molecule drug capable of killing adult and pediatric glioblastomas.

Medicinal uses
Product marketing for carmofur started in 1981. Carmofur has also been used as adjuvant chemotherapy for curatively resected colorectal cancer patients in China, Japan, and Finland for many years. Trials and meta-analyses have confirmed that the drug is effective on patients with this cancer type, extending their survival.

Carmofur has been shown to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and is therefore a promising lead compound to develop new antiviral treatment for COVID-19.

Adverse effects
As fluorouracil, carmofur has been known to induce leukoencephalopathy, characterized by progressive damage to white matter in the brain with stroke-like symptoms.

A clinical trial for small hepatocellular carcinoma was stopped prematurely because 56% of the treated patients had unacceptable side effects. Moreover, the treatment had no survival advantage for stage 1 and 2 cancer patients. This may be a reason why carmofur was never pursued for FDA-approval in the US.

Chemical synthesis
Ozaki et al. have reported a synthesis by treating 5-FU with phosgene and hexylamine. Xiong et al. reported an alternative approach for the synthesis of carmofur . Chemical preparations and structures can be found here.

References

Pyrimidinediones
Organofluorides
Pyrimidine antagonists
Fluoropyrimidines
SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors


Edwin Osgood Grover (June 4, 1870 – November 8, 1965) was an American publisher and educator whose contributions to Rollins College enhanced its standing and reputation during his twenty-year tenure. He was active in the Winter Park, Florida, community and made significant contributions to the African-American community and to the creation of Mead Garden.

Early life and education
Edwin  Grover was born in Mantorville, Minnesota, on June 4, 1870, and grew up in New England, where his father was a Congregational minister. He graduated from St. Johnsbury Academy in Vermont and worked his way through Dartmouth College, where he played football as a freshman and ran track for all four years. He wrote articles for The Boston Globe and edited the Dartmouth literary magazine for his last two years at the College.

Because of his friendship with the poet, Richard Hovey, who published "Men of Dartmouth,", Grover edited Hovey's "Dartmouth Lyrics" and later edited the popular favorite, "The Dartmouth Song Book."

Graduating from Dartmouth in 1894, Grover attended Harvard briefly, but soon left to "see the world." He traveled around Europe and the Middle East on tramp steamers for nine months, boasting that he spent less than $400 on the whole adventure.

Career
Returning from his travels, he went to work as a salesman for Ginn and Company. Transferred to Chicago after a few years, he went to work for Rand McNally and soon started his own company, Prang Co., which specialized in painting materials and books.

In 1926, he was appointed Professor of Books at Rollins College, in Winter Park, Florida. Ralph Waldo Emerson had proposed such a position in an essay in 1856, and Hamilton Holt made this his first appointment after becoming president of Rollins in 1925. Grover taught courses on Recreational Reading, The History of the Book, and Literary Personalities. He established the first bookstore in Winter Park, The Bookery, and began a publishing venture, The Angel Alley Press. His first publication was "Psyche's Lamp," a collection of poems by Rose Mills Power. The following year, he published a collection of works by 22 Rollins poets and began a series of pamphlets which he called "Vest Pocket Poems."

Professor Grover assumed many positions at Rollins. He served as Director of Libraries (1927–1929). In this capacity he attracted a number of special collections, most notably a considerable collection of material by and about Walt Whitman. With Hamilton Holt he began "The Animated Magazine," which he served as publisher for twenty years. He was Vice-President of Rollins from 1938–1951.

His sister, Eulalie Grover, was the author of many children's books, including the "Sunbonnet" and "Overall" series. Her books sold over four million copies.

Grover retired from the Rollins faculty in 1947.

Community activities
In addition to his many contributions to Rollins College, he was active in the First Congregational Church of Winter Park and, with his wife Mertie, established the Welbourne Day Nursery for the children of working African-American mothers. When his wife died in an automobile accident in 1936, he invited "flower gifts" in the form of contributions to the Hannibal Square Library. This led to the formation of the Hannibal Square Associates and the building of the first community center on the West Side of Winter Park. He also raised money for the DePugh Nursing Home.

His final gift to the community was putting together the land for Mead Garden. These forty-five acres continue to be a natural environment for nature enjoyment and study.

References

External links

 Edwin Osgood Grover and the Animated Magazine

1870 births
1965 deaths
People from Mantorville, Minnesota
American Congregationalists
American book publishers (people)
Rollins College faculty
St. Johnsbury Academy alumni
Dartmouth College alumni
Harvard University alumni


Doctor Erasmus Darwin French (1822–1902)  was an American man of adventure. He was born New York State, trained as a doctor and then enlisted in the army, later becoming a silver prospector. He married Miss Cornelia S. Cowles, daughter of Judge Cowles of San Diego in 1858. They had two sons Alfred and Addison.

Early years
Dr. French was born in Middlesex, New York on January 20, 1822. He was the son of Harvey and Amanda Hazelton French. His father was a veteran of the War of 1812. He attended local schools before moving to Michigan where he attended Albion Seminary. While in Hillsdale County he studied medicine and practiced as a doctor for some years. In 1845 he went to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas where he enlisted in the US Army at the start of the Mexican American War and entered the service as a private even though he was a practicing physician in civilian life.

Middle years

Dr. French's goal was to make his fortune in the world, and he set out to do that in December 1845.  His plans were interrupted by the Mexican-American War, in which he served. After he was discharged in early 1847, he resumed his quest for adventure, purchased a large ranch northeast of Los Angeles in the late 1840s, assisted some lost settlers who had mistakenly wandered through California's Death Valley, and opened a mining town in south central California. The residents of that town named the village after Dr. French — they called it Darwin, California. The town is still in existence as of 2017.  Dr. French had heard that there was a possible silver lode in the midst of Death Valley. Despite that it was largely unexplored, Dr. French led an expedition into the valley in 1850 but found no silver. In 1860, Darwin led another party into Death Valley in a second attempt to find silver, again without success. The route he took can still be observed in Death Valley National Park. Two other landmarks are named after him, Darwin Falls and Darwin Wash.

The 1846 journey of General Stephen Kearny and his Army of the West across the wilderness of the southwestern United States has been the subject of many books and articles. Dr. French was on that march and captured a vivid account of the Battle of San Pasqual, in which he fought.

The Battle of San Pasqual, December 6, 1846
Dictation from Poway, California by Dr. E.D. French, July 7, 1887

Legacy
French died in September 1902 in Ensenada. The Darwin Creek and its Darwin Falls, the Darwin Falls Wilderness, the nearby town of Darwin, California, and all other areas named "Darwin" on the western edge of Death Valley National Park are named after him.

References

Sources
The above quoted account was written in Dr. French's hometown of Poway, California, a small town located north of San Diego. In 1887, Dr. French was asked to provide his own eyewitness account of the final decisive battle for the future state of California in the Mexican–American War of 1846. Dr. French was a participant in that battle, the Battle of San Pasqual.

This account is a typewritten copy of a microfilm of the original dictation on file in the Bancroft Library at the University of California at Berkeley. The original dictation was done by hand but there is no way to determine whether or not it was written by Dr. French or written by a clerk to whom he delivered the dictation. The typewritten copy is as near as possible an exact representation of the original manuscript including the original spelling and punctuation.

1822 births
1902 deaths
American male poets
American pioneers
People from New York (state)


Russia–Tunisia relations (; ) are foreign relations between Russia and Tunisia.  Both countries had established diplomatic relations in 1956, when Tunisia got its independence.  Russia has an embassy in Tunis, and Tunisia has an embassy in Moscow.

Bilateral relations
Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Tunisia were established July 11, 1956. On December 25, 1991 Tunisia announced the recognition of Russia.
The Millennium Summit in New York was the first meeting in the history of Russian-Tunisian relations between the Presidents of Russia and Tunisia. In November 2005, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov visited Tunisia as part of a working visit to the Maghreb. It was also visited by the President of the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce Yevgeny Primakov (November 2006), Chairman of the Russian Audit Chamber Sergei Stepashin (December 2006), the head of Rossport V.A. Fetisov (May 2008), Vice President State Duma N.V. Gerasimova (May 2010), the Chairman of the Council of Muftis of Russia, Chairman of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of European Russia R.I. Gainutdin (April 2010).

The basis for development of trade and economic cooperation between the two countries was established in intergovernmental agreements signed November 11, 1993 - on trade, economic, scientific and technical cooperation (mutual granting of most-favored-nation treatment in trade and economic cooperation), collaboration in the field of hydraulic engineering (continued provision of economic and technical assistance to the Republic of Tunisia on investment targets), the creation of the Tunisian-Russian Intergovernmental Commission on trade-economic and scientific-technical cooperation, cooperation in the training of professional and technical personnel.
Was the most fruitful collaboration in the field of irrigation and water management in general. In particular, with the assistance of the Soviet Union and later Russia has developed and implemented by the General Scheme of runoff water to the north of the capital of Tunisia and southern regions of the country.

Economic relations and cooperation
The Foreign Economic Association "Selkhozpromexport" prepared project documentation and until 2006 exercised supervision over the construction of a number of large dams (Dzhumin, Sedzhenan, Geza, Sidi al-Barak). Built the first and second line of culverts Sedzhenan - Dzhumin - Medjerda.

Under the regime of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali a plan was approved to build 2020 –2023 years. Plant capacity of 900 MW. "Rosatom" expressed willingness to engage in dialogue with a view to specifying cooperation projects. In April 2010, a delegation of SC held in Tunis Days of Russian nuclear technology.

In 2010 trade between the two countries stood at 1.047 billion (in 2009 - 752 million in 2008 - about 1.7 billion dollars). Russia's main exports to Tunisia are petroleum products, products of inorganic chemistry (sulfur, ammonia), grains (up to 2010), metal products, lumber, pulp and paper. Tunisia supplied to Russia agricultural products, seafood, textiles and clothing. On January 16, 2016 customs fees for Tunisian products exported to Russia were reduced 25%.

The Russian-Tunisian Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technological Cooperation (IPC) played a special role in the development of bilateral cooperation between the two countries. The first meeting was held in March 1999, and there have been four more, the last one in October 2010. Rossiskoy chairman of the IPC is currently the Minister of Sport, Tourism and Youth Policy Vitaly Mutko.

Business communities of the two countries established the Russian-Tunisian Business Council in 2006. His co-chaired by the General Director of "Inconnect" T.V. Sadofeva and Vice President of the Tunisian Union of Industry, Commerce and Handicrafts, member of the House of Councillors of the Tunisian Parliament M. Sahraui.
In 1998, it signed an agreement on the work of the Russian medical staff in health facilities Tunisia. Through FSUE "Zdraveksport" in Tunisia work 96 doctors, 29 of them Russian. The Minister of Health of Tunisia visited Moscow in 2003 and signed an interagency agreement on cooperation in the field of health.

In 1998, Moscow signed an intergovernmental agreement on cooperation in the field of tourism. After a certain slowdown in the global financial and economic crisis in 2010, the number of our tourists visiting Tunisia. According to the Tunisian data, it was about 185 thousand people. (In 2009 - 126 thousand people.). In 2006, 2007 and 2010. Visited Moscow Minister of Tourism and Handicrafts of Tunisia.
The fall of 2000 after a 10-year hiatus, was re-established Society Tunisian-Russian friendship. In 2003, established the Parliamentary Friendship Group Tunis Russia.

In addition to earlier agreements on cooperation between the language educational institutions of Russia and Tunisia (IAAS, Moscow State Linguistic University and the University Institute languages of Tunisia), in 2009, the universities of Voronezh and Monastir held the second Interuniversity Scientific Conference. They received proposals from the Russian State Economic University and Voronezh State Technological Academy for partnerships with Tunisian universities. Initiated regional cooperation (agreement on the exchange of delegations between the Chamber of Nizhny Novgorod and Kursk and g. Sfaksa).

In April 2008, a few cities of Tunisia with great success Days of Culture of Tatarstan (the official delegation led by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture Z.R.Valeeva). In May 2008, between the two countries signed Executive program of cultural cooperation for 2008–2010. In December, during the visit of the Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation A.Avdeev signed a cultural cooperation program for 2011 – 2013 years. between the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Culture and cultural heritage of Tunisia. Representatives of the Russian creative teams over the years has been involved in international festivals in Tunisia in various art genres (opera, theater, folklore). By working closely with the Ministry of Culture and cultural heritage of Tunisia in the capital and around the country held Russian exhibitions, concerts, film screenings. In March 2010, in Tunis and Sousse last week, Russian movie involving CEO kinokontserna "Mosfilm" K.G. Shahnazarova.
Progressively developing scientific cooperation. Working contacts between the Institute of Oriental Studies and the Kazan State University, on the one hand, and the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO), on the other.
2 thousand Tunisians - graduates of Soviet and Russian universities - are united in the association.

In October 2002, in Tunis, on 6 th all-Arab conference of graduates of Soviet and Russian universities, which was created by Arab Union of the Russian (Soviet) higher education institutions, with headquarters in Tunis.
Over the last 100 years of Tunisian citizens are received each year to study at universities in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod and other Russian cities. The bulk of them are trained on a commercial basis. Simultaneously, the Tunisian Islamic theological university "Zeitun" by the Tunisian government scholarships, provides for the citizens of Russia, annually admit up to four students.
Was a process of actively promoting the Russian language. He is currently being studied in four high schools and 26 high schools in 16 cities. Between the Foundation "Russian world", and the Higher Institute of Languages of Tunis, where there are currently 200 students learning Russian as a specialty, agreed to establish a Center for the Study of Russian.
Work on conservation in Tunisia cultural and historical heritage of Russia, including the memory of the Black Sea fleet. Profile has been established with the cooperation of local authorities in Tunis, Bizerte and Menzel Bourguiba. Tunisian side has provided diversified assistance related to the improvement and maintenance of the graves of Russian officers and sailors. Such assistance, in particular, had the Governorate of Bizerte in Tunisia during July 2010 commemorative events to mark the voyage on the 90th anniversary of the outcome of the Russian army and civilian refugees from the Crimea. The issue of opening a museum g. Bizerta Black Sea Squadron based at home, the residence A.A.Manshteyn-Shira (elder of the Russian community, almost all her life in g. Bizerta, died in December 2009).

In September 2023, Russia and Tunisia sign bilateral cooperation, such as technology and civil nuclear energy..

See also
 List of ambassadors of Russia to Tunisia
 Foreign relations of Russia
 Foreign relations of Tunisia

References

External links
  Documents on the Russia–Tunisia relationship from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  Embassy of Russia in Tunis

Tunisia
Bilateral relations of Tunisia
Tunisia


Three vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Calder after Admiral Sir Robert Calder, a contemporary of Admiral Nelson:

 HMS Calder was to have been a  launched at Mare Island in 1942, but the vessel was retained by the United States, and commissioned into the United States Navy as .
 HMS Calder was to have been another Captain-class frigate launched at Mare Island in 1942, but the vessel was retained by the United States, and commissioned into the United States Navy as USS Finnegan.
  was another Captain-class frigate, launched at Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard on 27 February 1943 and provided to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease. It was returned to the United States in October 1945 and scrapped in 1948.

References

Royal Navy ship names


Line stopping or line plugging is a means of isolating a piping system to provide a shut off where none exists. This process serves as a control, or temporary valve, that can be removed after permanent alterations or valve replacements/additions have been made. With a hot tap previously made on a line, a line stopper is attached to a temporary valve, and the valve is opened. The line stopper is hydraulically or mechanically pushed into the line to seal the pipe. The main is supported by the line stop sleeve. After performing the necessary service, the stop is removed, and a blind flange is installed on the sleeve.

There are various types of line stopping heads. The oldest and still most widely used method of line plugging is the pivoting head style line stop. This technology dates back to the 1930s. The pivot head line stop requires a full size on size hot tap in order to be inserted into the operating piping system. Other methods include the folding head line stop, which enters the pipe through a reduced branch hot tap; the Sure-Stop line stop, which intersects the pipe and does not seal inside the pipe like other methods; and the HTP, which is a high temperature, high pressure system that will stop the flow on existing pipes at operating temperatures above what other methods of line stops can safely stop.

A single line stop can be used to stop off and abandon a shutdown. Two or more line stops can be used in tandem to isolate and bypass many intersecting lines at once. Fluid in the line is bypassed, leaving a workable dead section to alter, repair, or add a valve while service provided by this line is continued.

Services can be performed on pipes from ¾” – 80” in size. Line Stops can be performed on almost any kind of pipe with pressures or product under pressure including all types of pipe materials, e.g.:
 cast iron
 ductile iron
 P.V.C. and H.D.P.E.
 asbestos cement / transite
 pre-stressed concrete cylinder
 non-cylinder concrete
 stainless steel
 steel and copper

References

External links

 The Basics of Line Stopping

Plumbing


Steven Gow Calabresi (born 1958) is an American legal scholar and the Clayton J. and Henry R. Barber Professor of Law at Northwestern University. He is the co-chairman of the Federalist Society. He is the nephew of Guido Calabresi, a U.S. Appellate judge and former dean of the Yale Law School.

Biography
Calabresi graduated from the Moses Brown School in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1976. He then attended Yale College, graduating cum laude in 1980. He received his J.D. degree from Yale Law School, where he was the Note & Topics Editor of the Yale Law Journal. After law school, he served as law clerk for Judge Ralph K. Winter of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Judge Robert Bork of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and Justice Antonin Scalia of the United States Supreme Court.

While at Yale Law School, Calabresi and two Yale College friends, Lee Liberman Otis and David McIntosh, founded the Yale chapter of the Federalist Society, one of the Society's three original chapters. In 2019, he was chairman of the Society's board of directors. Calabresi is an active libertarian-conservative author and commentator.

Calabresi joined the faculty of Northwestern Law School in 1990. He has been a visiting professor at Yale Law School (in the fall semesters of 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016), and a visiting professor of political theory at Brown University, where he has taught since 2010.

Political career
Calabresi served under presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush from 1985 to 1990. During that time, he advised Attorney General Edwin Meese III, and Reagan Domestic Policy Chief T. Kenneth Cribb, and wrote campaign speeches for Vice President Dan Quayle. Calabresi supports legally recognizing same-sex marriages. In 2016, Calabresi endowed the Abraham Lincoln Lecture on Constitutional Law at Northwestern Priztker School of Law in Chicago. The lecture's purpose is to show Lincoln's enormous talent as a constitutional lawyer and to reflect on what legal changes Lincoln's legacy might appropriately call for today.

With Gary S. Lawson, Calabresi has argued that the Mueller Probe was unlawful.

In July 2020, Calabresi wrote a New York Times editorial condemning a tweet by President Trump that floated postponing the 2020 election. Calabresi said the tweet "frankly appalled" him, called it "fascistic", and said it was "itself grounds for the president’s immediate impeachment again by the House of Representatives and his removal from office by the Senate."

On January 13, 2021, Calabresi and Democrat Norman Eisen co-wrote an op-ed in The New York Times saying that President Trump should be charged and impeached in a second trial before the end of his term in office or immediately after for what he said and did on January 6 and for his effort to subvert Georgia's election results by asking the secretary of state "to find" enough votes for him to win the state. The authors also said that the Senate should disqualify Trump from ever holding any public office again after convicting him. They wrote that the recordings of Trump's phone call and his speech to supporters on January 6 were enough evidence to convict on those charges.

Selected publications
Calabresi has published more than 65 articles in law reviews, including:

Calabresi, Steven G. "" A Government of Limited and Enumerated Powers": In Defense of United States v. Lopez." Michigan Law Review 94.3 (1995): 752-831.
Calabresi, Steven G., and Sarah E. Agudo. "Individuals Rights under State Constitutions When the Fourteenth Amendment Was Ratified in 1868: What Rights Are Deeply Rooted in American History and Tradition." Tex. L. Rev. 87 (2008): 7
Calabresi, Steven G., and Gary Lawson. "The Unitary Executive, Jurisdiction Stripping, and the Hamdan Opinions: A Textualist Response to Justice Scalia." Colum. L. Rev. 107 (2007): 1002.
Calabresi, Steven G., and Saikrishna B. Prakash. "The President's Power to Execute the Laws." Yale LJ 104 (1994): 541.
Calabresi, Steven G., and Kevin H. Rhodes. "The Structural Constitution: Unitary Executive, Plural Judiciary" Harv. L. Rev. 105 (1991): 1153.

He has written or edited several books, including:
 Calabresi, S. G. (2007). Originalism: a Quarter Century of Debate. Regnery Press.
 Calabresi, Steven G., and Christopher S. Yoo. The Unitary Executive: Presidential Power from Washington to Bush. Yale University Press, 2008.
Michael Stokes Paulsen, Steven G. Calabresi, Michael W. McConnell, Samuel Bray & William Baude, The Constitution of the United States. (Foundation Press 2010) [casebook] (2d ed. 2013) (3d ed. 2017).

See also
 List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 9)

References

External links

Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
Living people
American lawyers
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law faculty
Illinois Republicans
Moses Brown School alumni
Yale College alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Brown University faculty
1958 births


Jean-Marie Taubira (born 15 August 1950) is a French politician from Cayenne. He was Secretary General of the Walwari party which he co-founded in 1993, later creating the Guianese Progressive Party in 2008.

Taubira has considerable experience in the private sector and economy. He has been Director of the Coopérative des Pêcheurs de Guyane (CODEPEG SA), Director of ATENOR SARL (gold company), Chief Financial Officer of an enterprise group AC: RGI SA (printing), TRIMARG SARL (office), RCI Guyane (radio),  Chief Financial Officer for transport, tourism and education, and an advisor to agricultural company E.Z. AGRICOLE.

External links

Jean-Marie Taubira's personal blog

1950 births
Living people
People from Cayenne
Walwari politicians
Chief financial officers


Mesohabitat simulation model (MesoHABSIM), created by Dr. Piotr Parasiewicz, addresses the requirements of watershed-based management of running waters and is designed to predict an aquatic community's response to habitat modification.

Overview

MesoHABSIM builds upon pre-existing physical habitat simulation models (e.g. PHABSIM) which is an essential component of the United States government's methods for establishing minimum stream flow requirements.
MesoHABSIM is an augmentation of this system, designed during a restoration study of the Quinebaug River. The changing spatial distributions of physical attributes of a river as a result of variations in flow and the biological responses of aquatic species to these changes, provide the basis for simulating the consequences of ecosystem alteration, and consequently the justification of restoration measures. MesoHABSIM modifies the data acquisition technique and analytical approach of similar models by changing the scale of resolution from micro- to meso-scales. Due to this increase in scale, the model takes variations in stream morphology along the river into account and allows for application in larger-scale projects.

Data collection and analysis

Mesohabitat types are defined by their hydromorphological units (HMUs), such as pools and rapids, geomorphology, land cover and other hydrological characteristics. Mesohabitats are mapped under multiple flow conditions at extensive sites along the river. Fish data is collected in randomly distributed mesohabitats where habitat surveys are also conducted. This allows modeling of available fish habitat at a range of flows. Rating curves represent the changes in relative area of suitable habitat in response to flow and allow for the determination of habitat quantity at any given flow within the range of surveys. These rating curves can be developed for river units of any size allowing conclusions to be drawn about the suitability of channel patterns or habitat structures for various species of fish for specific sections as well as for the entire river. Rating curves can also be used to evaluate the benefits of various restoration measures on the entire fish community. In combination with hydrologic time series, rating curves are used to create Continuous Under Threshold (CUT) curves for the analysis of frequency, magnitude and duration of significant habitat events. The CUT curve technique described by Capra et al. (1995)  defines critical thresholds and determines what habitat variability and availability is necessary to support the target river fauna. CUT curves evaluate durations of unsuitable habitat under a specified threshold by comparing continuous durations in days under this threshold to the cumulative durations in the study period. A highly useful product of the CUT curves are reference tables that can be used to determine how long a given species can tolerate unsuitable conditions depending on its life stage.

Results

To use physical habitat models to analyze and predict ecosystem potential, compositions must also be determined of the native fish community and a subset of species must be selected for model development. The development of a Reference Fish Community (RFC) is based on the Target Fish Community approach, described by Bain and Meixler (2000). A comprehensive list of species is generated from literature sources and available regional data collected on relatively intact river reaches. The species are ranked on the basis of abundance in long-term fish collection data from multiple rivers of similar character. Securing habitat for naturally occurring dominant species (ecology) should preserve the most profound characteristics of the ecosystem, providing survival conditions for the majority of the aquatic community and therefore a reference for restoration efforts. The simplest way to create a river habitat model is therefore to select the five to ten highest ranking species for model development. It can then be assumed that community structure reflects habitat structure; therefore, the most common species should indicate the most common habitat. Since habitat availability forms the structure of aquatic fauna, the affinity between the structure of the river habitat and the structure of the fish community can be used as a measure of habitat quality.

The results of MesoHABSIM creates the framework for integrative analysis of many aspects of the ecosystem. It also allows managers to recreate reference conditions and evaluate possible instream and watershed restoration measures or alterations (such as dam removals or changes in water withdrawals). From the perspective of resource managers, it not only allows for quantitative measures of ecological integrity, but also creates a basis for making decisions where trade-offs between resource use and river restoration need to be considered.

Publications involving the MesoHABSIM Model

Parasiewicz, P. (2008): Application of MesoHABSIM and target fish community approaches for selecting restoration measures of the Quinebaug River, Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA. River Research and Application. 24: 459–471.
Parasiewicz, P. (2007): The MesoHABSIM Model Revisited. River Research and Application 23 (8):893–903.
Parasiewicz, P. (2007): Developing a reference habitat template and ecological management scenarios using the MesoHABSIM model. River Research and Application 23 (8): 924–932.
Parasiewicz P. (2001): MesoHABSIM – a concept for application of instream flow models in river restoration planning. Fisheries 29 (9) p. 6–13.
Parasiewicz, P., J. Nestler, N.L. Poff and A. Goodwin. (2008) Virtual Reference River: A Model for Scientific Discovery and Reconciliation. 2008. In: M. S. Alonso, I. M. Rubio (ed) Ecological Management: New Research, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. pp. –
Parasiewicz, P., J. Rogers, J. Legros and M. Wirth. 2007. Assessment and restoration of instream habitat of the Eightmile River in Connecticut – Developing MesoHABSIM model. The National Park Service, Wild and Scenic River Study for the Eightmile River and the Eightmile River Wild and Scenic Study Committee. pp 62. https://web.archive.org/web/20080513142903/http://www.neihp.org/projects/eightmile/index.htm
Parasiewicz, P. Ehmann, S. B. & P. Corp (2003). Fish habitat assessment on Stony Clove Creek, NY using MesoHABSIM. Report for New York City Department of Environmental Protection and Green County Soil and Water Conservation District and New York State Water Resources Institute. 410pp
PARASIEWICZ, P. & S. EHMANN: MesoHABSIM application on the Quinebaug River, MA. Managing the flows for biodiversity – A conference on science, policy and conservation action. Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO 7/30-8/2/2001
Parasiewicz P. (2001): MesoHABSIM application on the Quinebaug River – the success story. 57th Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference, Saratoga Springs, NY, 4/22-25/2001.
PARASIEWICZ, P. & S. EHEMANN (2001): MesoHABSIM application on the Quinebaug River, MA. Managing the flows for biodiversity – A conference on science, policy and conservation action. Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO 7/30-8/2/2001
Parasiewicz P. & M. B. Bain (2000): MesoHABSIM or modeling of physical habitat at the scale relevant to river restoration planning. EISORS – Eight International Symposium on Regulated Rivers – Toulouse, France 8/17 – 21 August 2000.
Parasiewicz P., E. Hammond, J. Xu & D. Ivanov (2006) MesoHABSIM Software

Notes

External links
 Video representation of MesoHABSIM data collection
 MesoHABSIM: A concept for application of instream flow models in river restoration planning
 Upscaling: integrating habitat model into river management
 Overcoming the limits of scales
 Virtual reference river: a model for scientific discovery and reconciliation
 PHABSIM

Environmental science
Environmental engineering
Environmental science software
Simulation software


Mario Party 64 can refer to, any of the first three Mario Party video games, simply because they were on Nintendo 64:

Mario Party  (video game), 1998
Mario Party 2, 1999
Mario Party 3, 2000


Loyola lacrosse can refer to:

Loyola Greyhounds men's lacrosse
Loyola Greyhounds women's lacrosse


Probal Dutta (born 11 September 1972) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and leg-break bowler who played for Bengal. He was born in Calcutta.

Dutta made a single first-class appearance for the team, during the 1995–96 season, against Bihar. As an opener, Dutta scored 14 runs in the only innings in which he batted, as Bengal ran out victors by an innings margin, thanks to centuries from Saba Karim and Shrikant Kalyani.

At present he is a coach of Calcutta Cricket Academy at Vivekananda Park.

External links
Probal Dutta at CricketArchive

1972 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Bengal cricketers
Cricketers from Kolkata


"He Walked on Water" is a song written by Allen Shamblin, and recorded by American country music singer Randy Travis. It was released in April 1990 as the third single from the album No Holdin' Back.  The song peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and number 1 on Canada's RPM country chart.

Content
The song is a ballad in which the narrator reminisces about his childhood admiration of his great-grandfather, a former cowboy whom he idolized. It was the first successful cut for Nashville songwriter Allen Shamblin, who told The Tennessean in 1990 that his maternal great-grandfather, "Poppy" Fugate, was the inspiration behind the song. Fugate had been a cowboy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and had told stories about this lifestyle to a young Shamblin. When Travis heard the song, he chose to record the song because it reminded him of his own grandfather.

"He Walked on Water" is composed in the key of D major. It has a 4/4 time signature and a moderate tempo of approximately 92 beats per minute. The song's verses follow the chord pattern of D-G-D-A-D-G-D-A-D.

Music video
A music video was made for the song. It features Travis singing the song on the front porch outside of his house. The video was nominated for Video of the year at the 1991 TNN Music City News Country Awards (now known as the CMT Music Awards).

Critical reception
Kimmy Wix of Cash Box magazine reviewed the single favorably, stating in her review that "Such a ballad, with detailed lyrics to which we can
all relate, certainly works well with Travis. This cut[...]is no exception." Thom Jurek of Allmusic gave the song a mixed review in his review of No Holdin' Back. He stated that the song "was a bad choice, though it sold well."

In 2012, Travis re-recorded the song as a duet with Kenny Chesney for the compilation album Anniversary Celebration.

Chart positions

Year-end charts

References

1990 singles
Randy Travis songs
Country ballads
Songs written by Allen Shamblin
Song recordings produced by Kyle Lehning
Warner Records singles
1989 songs
Songs about cowboys and cowgirls
Songs about grandparents


Alien Garden is a non-game for the Atari 8-bit family published by Epyx in 1982 by Bernie DeKoven and programmed by virtual reality pioneer Jaron Lanier. Designed with an emphasis on the need for experimentation, Alien Garden was described by its creators as an art game, and ranks among the earliest art games. Its release predates Lanier's Moondust by a year.

Gameplay
Gameplay consists of a side-scrolling world covered in 24 different kinds of crystalline flowers resembling gypsum flowers. The player controls an embryonic animal as it grows, survives and reproduces through 20 generations. Difficulty is introduced through the lack of instructions in the game. As such, the player must employ trial and error techniques to determine which flowers are edible, which flowers shrink or grow when stung, and which flowers are fatal or explosive when touched. The player may use either the organism's tail, stinger, or wings to bump or otherwise make contact with them. To maintain the challenge, the behavior of the flowers changes every time the game is played. To increase the challenge, the score is repeated all along the left and right sides of the scrolling screen. As the score increases, the animal avatar is forced to travel more and more closely to the sometimes deadly crystal flowers.

Reception
Electronic Fun with Computers & Games praised the game for its "graphically stunning" visuals as well as the experimentation and strategy required. Computer Gaming World, however, harshly criticized the graphics, and felt that the lack of color was "particularly disappointing".

References

External links
Alien Garden at Atari Mania

Manual at the Internet Archive

1982 video games
Atari 8-bit family games
Atari 8-bit family-only games
Art games
Epyx games
Non-games
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games


Skin: Talking About Sex, Class And Literature is a collection of essays written by award-winning author Dorothy Allison. Published in 1994, the book contains original essays as well as updated versions of essays that appeared in anthologies and magazines like New York Native, The Village Voice, and Forum. As the title suggests, Allison gives the reader her take on her difficult childhood, race- and class-based schisms within the lesbian community, feminism, pornography, sadomasochism, and the transcending effect that literature can have on children.

List of essays
 Context
 A Question of Class
 Never Expected To Live Forever
 Gun Crazy
 Shotgun Strategies
 What Do We See? What Do We Not See?
 Neighbors
 Not As a Stranger
 Sex Writing, the Importance and the Difficulty
 Puritans, Perverts, and Feminists
 Public Silence, Private Terror
 Her Body, Mine, and His
 The Theory and the Practice of the Strap-on Dildo
 Conceptual Lesbianism
 Talking To Straight People
 Femme
 Sex Talk
 Believing in Literature
 A Personal History of Lesbian Porn
 Myths and Images
 Bertha Harris, a Memoir
 Survival Is the Least of My Desires
 Skin, Where She Touches Me
 Promises

Reviews
Sobriquet Magazine wrote: "In all, Skin: Talking about Sex, Class and Literature serves as a revealing and important work for scholars of working-class studies, feminism and gender politics, and queer theory...Allison’s collection is an interesting and personal look at the complexities of her identity formation, and the levels on which she engages each category of self is both honest and sometimes painful. What shapes Allison’s writing is not only her recognition of Self and need for Truth, but admittance to all facets of her identity." Publishers Weekly noted that the book was "impassioned, personal and highly intelligent, Allison's collection of published writings and addresses examines issues of class and sexuality through the intricate lenses of autobiography and the literary experience."

Editions
 Allison, Dorothy. Skin: Talking About Sex, Class, and Literature, Firebrand Books, 1994.

References

1994 non-fiction books
American essay collections
Anti-classism
BDSM literature
Feminism and BDSM
Feminism and social class
Lesbian feminist books
Lesbian non-fiction books
Non-fiction books about racism
Stonewall Book Award-winning works
Working class in the United States
Working-class literature
Working-class feminism
Works about classism
1990s LGBT literature
Lesbian working-class culture
LGBT literature in the United States


Arrigo Levi (17 July 1926 – 24 August 2020) was an Italian journalist, essayist, and television anchorman.

Life

Exile to Argentina
Levi was from a family of Jewish descent (his father Enzo was a renowned lawyer in Modena). In 1938, when he was twelve he moved to Argentina with his family in order to escape Fascist persecution. In Buenos Aires he completed his studies and in 1943 he began his career in journalism, as the director of Italia libera (Free Italy).

Career
After the war he left Argentina and returned to Modena with his family, just in time to take part in the national referendum, on June 2, 1946, for the Italians to choose between Monarchy and Republic. At twenty, he continued his journalism career in Modena and managed the newspaper Gazzetta di Modena for almost two years, until he chose to live in Israel. From 1951 to 1953, he was a correspondent from London for the Turin daily Gazzetta del Popolo. From 1953 to 1959, he wired his pieces from Rome to the Milan evening newspaper Corriere di Informazione.

Important assignments
In 1960, Levi moved to Moscow. There, until 1962, he was a correspondent for the Corriere della Sera and then, until 1966, a correspondent for Il Giorno. In 1966 he moved to RAI, where he was the chief newscaster until 1968 (this was an innovative change on Italian TV, because previously the News were read by professional "speakers" and not by journalists).  Levi returned to the press in 1969, as correspondent for the Turin newspaper La Stampa, a job he kept until 1973, when he became the managing director of that very newspaper and its evening edition Stampa Sera. He remained in Turin until 1978. From 1979 to 1983, he collaborated with The Times, editing its international section. In 1988, he was appointed Chief Editor of Corriere della Sera and from 1998 to July 3, 2007, he was Adviser for External Relations to two Italian presidents, first Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and then Giorgio Napolitano.

Television
Besides the TV News which he led in the 60s, Levi was involved in numerous TV programs, mainly produced for RAI. Among these: Tam Tam (1981), Punto sette and Punto sette, una vita. Then, for Channel 5, Tivù Tivù with Angelo Campanella (from 1985 to 1987). Thereafter, again for RAI: I giorni dell'infanzia (1993), Emozioni TV (1995) and Gli archivi del Cremlino (The Kremlin Archives) (1997), a program which he also authored. In 1999, on RAI1, he directed C'era una volta la Russia (Once Upon A Time, Russia).

Death
Levi died on 24 August 2020 in Rome at the age of 94.

Quote

Bibliography
A selection among the many books and essays published by Arrigo Levi:
   (RAI, 1966) (with Alberto Ronchey)
 Il potere in Russia da Stalin a Breznev (Il Mulino, 1967)
 La televisione all'italiana (1969, Etas Kompass)
 Viaggio fra gli economisti (1970, Il Mulino)
 Journey Among The Economists (1974, Open Court)
 PCI, la lunga marcia verso il potere (1971, Etas Kompass)
 Un'idea dell'Italia (1979, Mondadori)
 Il comunismo da Budapest a Praga 1956 – 1958 (with Enzo Bettiza, Adolfo Battaglia e Ennio Ceccarini) (1969, Edizioni della voce)
 Ipotesi sull'Italia (1983, Il Mulino)
 La Democrazia nell'Italia che cambia (1984, Laterza)
 Intervista sulla DC (1986)
 Noi: gli italiani (1988, Laterza)
 Tra Est e Ovest (1990, Rizzoli)
 Yitzhak Rabin. 1210 giorni per la pace (1996, Mondadori)
 Le due fedi (1996, Il Mulino)
 La vecchiaia può attendere: ovvero l'arte di restare giovani (1997, Mondadori)
 Rapporto sul Medio Oriente (1998, Il Mulino)
 Russia del '900: una storia europea (1999, Corbaccio)
 Dialoghi di fine Millennio (1999, Rizzoli) (with Andrea Riccardi and Eugenio Scalfari)
 Dialoghi sulla fede (2000, Il Mulino) (with Vincenzo Paglia and Andrea Riccardi)
  (2004, Il Mulino)
 Cinque discorsi tra due secoli (2004, Il Mulino])

Prizes and recognition
 Knight Grand Cross (1991)
 Trento Prize for Journalism (1987)
  as Best Correspondent for the year 1995
 Ischia International Journalism Award (2001)
 Guidarello Prize (2006)

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Italian journalists
Italian male journalists
Italian male writers
Jewish Italian writers
20th-century Italian Jews
Writers from Modena
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 3rd Class
Italian television personalities
La Stampa editors
Recipients of Ischia International Journalism Award


A bridge is a type of social tie that connects two different groups in a social network.

General bridge
In general, a bridge is a direct tie between nodes that would otherwise be in disconnected components of the graph.

This means that say that A and B make up a social networking graph,  is in A,  is in B, and there is a social tie  between  and . If  were to be removed, A and B would become disconnected components of the graph. This means that  is a bridge.

For example, A could represent a corporation and B Congress.  could then be a lobbyist and  a Congressman.  would then represent the relationship between that corporation and Congress that only exists through the lobbyist.

This is very similar to the concept of a bridge in graph theory, but with special social networking properties such as strong and weak ties.

Local bridge

Local bridges are ties between two nodes in a social graph that are the shortest route by which information might travel from those connected to one to those connected to the other. Local bridges differ from regular bridges in that the end points of the local bridge once the bridge has been deleted cannot have a tie directly between them and should not share any common neighbors. Also if the local bridge is deleted the distance between these two nodes will be increased to a value strictly more than two.

Social network implications
In social networks, bridge relationships transmit information from one group to another. The breadth of information spread depends heavily on the number and connectedness of the bridges available to the originators of the information. Author Malcolm Gladwell characterizes people that habitually act as bridges as Connectors in his book The Tipping Point.

Bridges and local bridges are powerful ways to convey awareness of new things, but they are weak at transmitting behaviors that are in some way risky or costly to adopt. Weak ties are able to spread awareness of a joke or an on-line video with remarkable speed, but political mobilization moves more sluggishly, needing to gain momentum within neighborhoods and small communities. McAdams observed that strong ties, rather than weak ties, played a much more dominant role in recruitment to Freedom Summer on college campuses in the 1960s.

See also
Interpersonal ties

References

Social networks


Georg Wahl (Kosel, Upper Silesia, 21 February 1920 – 4 November 2013) was Chief Rider at the Spanish Riding School in Vienna, dressage instructor, rider and trainer. He was also known as the coach and trainer of Swiss Olympic medalist Christine Stückelberger.

He grew up at the Kosel Stud, where his father was a trainer of coach horses. Wahl learned to ride at an early age, mainly bareback.

In 1939, Wahl joined the cavalry of the Wehrmacht, where he was under the command of Hans-Joachim Köhler from Verden. Köhler, who later became known worldwide as an expert in the field of horse training, organised a dressage competition for his troops to improve their morale.  Held only 20 km behind the front lines, Wahl showed himself to be the best of the riders present. Alois Podhajsky happened to attend this competition, and in 1940, Podhajsky recruited Wahl to the Spanish Riding School. Because Wahl possessed extraordinary talent and feeling for horses he advanced quickly at the school and within a very short time participated in the School's public performances. From 1938 until 1944 he served as a Rider (Bereiter) at the School.

After a brief period of time away from the School in 1944 to serve at the Russian front in Hungary, and a brief wartime imprisonment, he returned to the Spanish Riding School.

On one of the Tours of the School in Switzerland, Wahl met Fredy Knie, of the famed Circus Knie and left the School in 1951 to work for Knie.  For two years, Knie and Wahl performed a widely known Pas de Deux exhibition.  In 1955 Wahl took over the Community Riding School (Stadtreitschule) in Bern, Switzerland where he first met Christine Stückelberger.

In 1967 Hans Handler, who succeeded Podhajsky as director of the Spanish Riding School, rehired Wahl, promoting him to Chief Rider (Oberbereiter), where he remained until 1971.

Upon his return to Switzerland in 1971, Wahl devoted himself to the training and promotion of Stückelberger and her Holsteiner gelding Granat. Wahl and Stückelberger eventually became life partners.  The horse and rider team of Stückelberger and Granat made dressage history as the most successful performers in international Dressage competition for the nation of Switzerland. They won team silver at the Dressage World Cup in Copenhagen 1974, individual gold at the 1975 European Dressage Championships, and an Equestrian individual gold at the 1976 Montreal Olympics.  Following their Olympic win, they took gold again at the 1977 European Dressage Championships and at the 1978 Dressage World Championships in Goodwood.

Georg Wahl was married twice. He and his first wife, Maria, had four children. He also had two daughters from a second marriage. He lived with Stückelberg in Kirchberg near St. Gallen. He remained committed to the classical theory of dressage, and values the preservation and dissemination of classical horsemanship.

Footnotes

References

Dressage trainers
Austrian dressage riders
Spanish Riding School
German emigrants to Austria
People from Kędzierzyn-Koźle
1920 births
2013 deaths


Albatrellus is a genus of 19 species of mushroom-producing fungi in the family Albatrellaceae. Species are common in northern temperate forests, producing medium to large fleshy fruit bodies of various colors.

Taxonomy
British botanist Samuel Frederick Gray first described the genus in his 1821 work "A Natural Arrangement of British Plants".

Parsimony analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences of various Albatrellus species show that the genus is not monophyletic, and that the species may be divided into two clades. This corroborates prior phylogenetic analysis that suggested that Albatrellus consists of two separate groups with affinity to the Russuloid and Polyporoid clades.

Description

Species of Albatrellus are terrestrial, with fleshy fruit bodies that differentiate into caps and stipes; the stipe is either central or eccentric to lateral. Fruit bodies are solitary or in clusters with stem bases or cap margins fused. Context mostly tough-fleshy, white or becoming brightly colored. The hymenophore is regularly poroid. The hyphal system is monomitic, the generative hyphae septate with or without clamp connections, with thin or somewhat thick, amyloid or inamyloid, indextrinoid and acyanophilous walls; the majority of hyphae are distinctly inflated (the fundamental hyphae). The basidiospores are ellipsoid to roughly spherical in shape, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, with smooth, amyloid or inamyloid, indextrinoid and acyanophilous walls.

Distribution
Twelve species of Albatrellus occur in North America. The edible Albatrellus ovinus is sold commercially in Finland. The Dictionary of the Fungi estimates there to be 16 species in the genus, but three new species (A. fumosus, A. microcarpus, A. tibetanus) were described from China in 2008.

Species

References

Extensive comparative discussion of some species at Albatrellus subrubescens

Russulales
Russulales genera
Taxa named by Samuel Frederick Gray
Taxa described in 1821


Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron 10 (HS-10) was a United States Navy helicopter anti-submarine squadron based at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, California.  Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron 10 (HS-10, HELANTISUBRON TEN), a shore-based unit of Helicopter Anti-Submarine Wing, U.S. Pacific Fleet, was established on 30 June 1960 at NALF Imperial Beach, California. HS-10 was relocated to Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, California on 23 December 1976.

HS-10's mission was to indoctrinate and train pilots, aircrew, and maintenance personnel in carrier based rotary-wing anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. Since its establishment, the squadron trained more than 2,000 pilot, 2,000 aircrew, and 6,450 maintenance personnel in the operation, tactics, and maintenance of Sikorsky SH-3 "Sea King" helicopters. HS-10 closed its chapter on the SH-3H helicopter with more than 70,000 mishap-free flight hours when the last students completed in June 1989. The squadron immediately began operations with the Navy's newest aircraft, the Sikorsky SH-60F "Seahawk," a derivative of the successful Army UH-60 "Blackhawk."

On 1 October 1989, HS-10 assumed the challenge of being the first SH-60F Fleet Replacement Squadron. In 1990, the long-standing squadron nickname of "Taskmasters" was replaced with "Warhawks," illustrating the renewed commitment to training the best and brightest for battle in the newest of "Hawks." HS-10 transitioned eight entire fleet HS squadrons in addition to the normal replacement pilot/aircrew load. Additionally, the Warhawks provided training for Navy Helicopter Combat Squadrons (HCS), U.S. Coast Guard personnel in their initial transition to the HH-60J "Jayhawks," and pilots from Germany's Naval Air Arm.

In addition to providing training support for numerous organizations, HS-10 had a secondary role of Search and Rescue. In its 38-year history, HS-10 successfully completed more than 100 rescues of both civilian and military personnel along the coast of Southern California.

Tactics development and evaluation was a natural role for HS-10, as most of the permanently assigned personnel had significant fleet experience in the ASW and Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) mission areas. This expertise was instrumental in the development of SH-60F training plans and tactical procedures for the fleet's operational carrier battle groups.

As the armed forces experience a period of downsizing, the capability to effectively operate in the "joint" and "combined" arenas was even more critical. To this end, HS-10 forged ahead with exchange instructor pilots from the U.S. Air Force, Canada, Australia, and Germany.

The U.S. Navy deactivated HS-10 on July 12, 2012.

References

External links

HS-10 official website

Helicopter anti-submarine squadrons of the United States Navy


Nicholson is an unincorporated community in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States, located directly south of Independence.

Geography
Nicholson is centered at the intersection of Kentucky Routes 17 and 16.

Government
Emergency Medical Services, fire prevention and suppression is provided by the Independence Fire District with policing provided by the Kenton County Police.

Library

The William E. Durr branch of the Kenton County Public Library is located in the Nicholson area.  Opened in January 2007, it replaced the Independence Branch (1994–2006) on Taylor Mill Road.  Its collection includes over 100,000 items.

External links
Independence Fire District
Kenton County Public Library

Unincorporated communities in Kenton County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


Russia–Zambia relations () are the bilateral relations between Russia and Zambia.

Background

Soviet-era relations

Diplomatic ties
When Northern Rhodesia gained independence from the United Kingdom as Zambia on 24 October 1964, the Soviet Union sent the government of Kenneth Kaunda a telegram recognising Zambian independence, and offered to establish diplomatic relations with the new state. On 30 October 1964, the two countries exchanged notes, establishing diplomatic relations between the two.

Political ties
Political relations between the Soviet Union and Zambia were challenged by Chinese presence in Zambia, and the cordial attitude of the Kaunda government towards the West, however, Kaunda visited the Soviet Union on state visits in 1974 and 1987.

Relations between the two countries soured in 1976, when Kaunda said on the Soviet and Cuban presence in Angola, "(t)hey drove colonialism and fascism out the front door, only to let a plundering tiger and its cubs in the back door." Soviet support for the Zimbabwe African People's Union, which operated primarily out of Zambia, helped to stop relations from detiorating further, and ties became warmer after Abel Muzorewa, the Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia launched airstrikes inside Zambia in 1979. After the strikes, Zambia unsuccessfully sought Western military aid, which saw Zambia turning to East Germany for military aid.

In 1981, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the United National Independence Party established ties. Several Soviet delegations visited Lusaka with a view to turn UNIP into a Marxist-Leninist party, and UNIP officials made reciprocal visits to Moscow. The African National Congress moved its headquarters to Lusaka in 1984, and it was in Lusaka that the ANC devised strategy, with the covert assistance of Soviet military and intelligence personnel. In aid of this goal, the Soviet embassy in Lusaka was the largest in Southern Africa, and was staffed by 129 officials, including "approximately 25 KGB and GRU officials with diplomatic cover, and another 50 without".

Military ties
Between 1979 and 1983, the Soviet Union exported US$180 million in arms to Zambia, comprising seventy percent of Zambia's arms imports. Imports included MiG-21 fighter aircraft, tanks, armoured personnel carriers, S-125 surface-to-air missiles and radar equipment. To train Zambian Defence Force personnel to use and maintain the equipment, the Soviets had some 500 military personnel based in Zambia.

Russian Federation relations

Diplomatic ties

On 31 December 1991, Zambia recognised the Russian Federation as the successor state to the Soviet Union, after the latter's dissolution. Russia has an embassy in Lusaka, and Zambia has an embassy in Moscow. The current Ambassador of Russia to Zambia is Boris Malakhov, who was appointed by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 6 October 2008, and presented his Letters of Credence to President of Zambia Rupiah Banda on 22 January 2009. The current Ambassador of Zambia to Russia is Frederick Shumba Hapunda.

Economic ties
Trade and economic relations between Russia and Zambia are regulated by bilateral agreements; and a trade agreement signed by the Soviet and Zambian governments in Lusaka on 17 December 1971.

In 2008, bilateral trade between Russia and Zambia increased from the 2007 level of US$11.4 million to US$17 million. Russian imports from Zambia were mainly of tobacco, and Russian exports to Zambia comprised agricultural machinery, motorcycles, and food.

Cultural ties
On 25 August 1966, the Soviet and Zambian governments signed an agreement on cultural co-operation, which carried over to the Russian Federation. A Russian Centre of Science and Culture opened in Lusaka in 1989. The centre, which operates within the framework of the Federal Agency for Commonwealth of Independent States, Compatriots Living Abroad and International Humanitarian Cooperation, and in co-operation with the Russian Embassy in Lusaka, carries out political activities with the aim of strengthening relations between Russia and Zambia, by providing the public with objective information on the domestic and foreign policies of Russia, and by providing Russian language training. As of 2013, approximately 1,450 Zambians are enrolled and studying in Russia, making Zambia the largest recipient of Russian government sponsored scholarships in sub-Sahara Africa.

References

External links
 Documents on the Russia–Zambia relationship from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Embassy of Russia in Lusaka

Zambia
Zambia
Bilateral relations of Zambia


"Let the Good Times Roll" is a jump blues song recorded in 1946 by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five.  A mid-tempo twelve-bar blues, the song became a blues standard and one of Jordan's best-known songs.

Composition
"Let the Good Times Roll" is "Louis Jordan's buoyant invitation to party":

The song was written by Sam Theard, a New Orleans-born blues singer and songwriter, and was co-credited to Fleecie Moore, Jordan's wife.  Theard first showed Jordan the song in 1942, while playing in Chicago clubs. The tune developed over the years until Jordan recorded it in New York City in June 1946.

Charts and recognition
"Let the Good Times Roll" reached number two in the Billboard R&B chart in 1947.  Its flip side, "Ain't Nobody Here but Us Chickens", was the top number one record of 1947 — both songs spent nearly six months on the chart.  In 2009, the song was acknowledged with a Grammy Hall of Fame Award. Jordan and the Tympany Five performed the song in the 1947 film Reet, Petite, and Gone, although the studio recording rather than a live performance is used in the soundtrack.

The Blues Foundation added the song to its Hall of Fame in 2013 in the "Classic of Blues Recording — Singles or Album Tracks" category. The induction announcement noted that the song "became a standard show opener for countless blues artists over the years, from B.B. King to Koko Taylor". "Let the Good Times Roll" has also been identified as inspiring "Come On" by Earl King and "Bon Ton Roulet" by Clifton Chenier.

In 1961 at the 3rd Annual Grammy Awards ceremony, Ray Charles won the Grammy for Best Rhythm & Blues Performance for his version of "Let the Good Times Roll" which was included on his 1959 album, The Genius of Ray Charles.

References

1946 songs
Louis Jordan songs
Ray Charles songs
B. B. King songs
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
Songs written by Sam Theard
Koko Taylor songs


The Egyptian Collection of the Hermitage Museum dates back to 1852 and includes items from the Predynastic Period to the 12th century AD. It belongs to the Oriental Art section of the museum. The Egyptian exposition is hosted in a single large hall on the ground floor on the eastern side of the Winter Palace. The hall serves as a passage to the exhibition of Classical Antiquities in other Hermitage buildings and is situated right under St. George's Hall. It was redesigned for the exhibition by Alexander Sivkov in 1940 and earlier served as the main buffet of the Winter Palace.

History

The collection was established in 1852, the year the museum was made open to the public, when it purchased the collection of statuettes from Countess Alexandra Lavalle, previously stored in her mansion on English Embankment, and received the items collected in Egypt by Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, including two black basalt sarcophagi of the Late Period, now displayed in the middle of the hall, as well as the sculpture group of Theban governor Amenemheb with his wife and mother (14th century BC). In 1853 the statue of Sekhmet (15th century BC), brought by Alexei Norov from Theban Necropolis of the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt in the 1830s, was moved from the Imperial Academy of Arts to the Hermitage. Some items were purchased for the museum from antiquities traders in Egypt and collections of Russian merchants or received as gifts.

In 1862, the collection expanded significantly, as the Castiglione collection, which was purchased by the Imperial Academy of Sciences from Carlo Ottavio Castiglione in Milan in 1826 and consisted of more than 900 items, core of the Egyptian museum of the Kunstkamera, was transferred to the Hermitage. However, there were no Egyptologists in Russia at that time. Vladimir Golenishchev became the first Russian Egyptologist and started to work in the Hermitage in the 1870s. At the insistence of Golenishchev in 1881 the remainder of the Egyptian museum of the Kunstkamera was moved to the Hermitage. The Hermitage collection continued to grow in the 1880s, when Coptic written monuments and two fragments of Egyptian water clocks were acquired. In 1891, Golenishchev published the first complete inventory of the collection. Since the 1870s Golenishchev had collected an impressive private Egyptian collection, which was sold to the Pushkin Museum in Moscow in 1909, shortly before he emigrated. For a few years, as the building for the Moscow museum was being constructed, the items were also stored in the Hermitage. Soviet Orientalist Vasily Struve was in charge of the Hermitage's Egyptian collection from 1918 to 1933. The highlights of the exhibition include the mummy of priest Petese (10th century BC) and a fragment of a tablet of Ramesses II's Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty (13th century BC).

Other Egyptian antiquities in Saint Petersburg
Other notable Egyptian antiquities in present-day Saint Petersburg include the two sphinxes of Pharaoh Amenhotep III, adorning the Quay with Sphinxes in front of the Academy of Arts Building on Universitetskaya Embankment since 1832.

See also
 Oscar Eduardovich Lemm

Further reading

Bolshakov, Andrey O. Studies on Old Kingdom Reliefs and Sculpture in the Hermitage.  Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005. .
Golénischeff, Wladimir. Ermitage Impérial. Inventaire de la collection égyptienne. Leipzig, 1891.
Lieblein, Jens Daniel Carolus. Die ägyptischen Denkmäler in St. Petersburg, Helsingfors, Upsala und Copenhagen. Christiania, 1873.
Лапис И.А., Матье М.Э. Древнеегипетская скульптура в собрании Государственного Эрмитажа. Москва: Наука, 1969.

External links
The State Hermitage Museum: Oriental Art, Ancient Egypt
The State Hermitage Museum: Virtual Tour, The Hall of Ancient Egypt

Archaeological collections of the Hermitage Museum
Egyptological collections in Russia


Stephen Nachmanovitch is a musician, author, artist, and educator. He performs and teaches internationally as an improvisational violinist, and at the intersections of performing and multimedia arts, philosophy, and ecology.

Biography
Born in 1950, Nachmanovitch grew up in Los Angeles and studied at Harvard University and the University of California at Santa Cruz, where he earned a PhD in the History of Consciousness for an exploration of William Blake. His mentor was the anthropologist and philosopher Gregory Bateson. At Harvard he worked with Jerome Bruner and Irven DeVore. He has taught and lectured widely in the United States and abroad on creativity and the spiritual underpinnings of art. In the 1970s he was a pioneer in free improvisation on violin, viola and electric violin and opened up many techniques now used in electroacoustic music. He has presented master classes and workshops in improvisation at many conservatories and universities worldwide, including the Yehudi Menuhin School and Juilliard. He has had numerous appearances on radio, television, and at music and theater festivals. He has collaborated with other artists in media including music, dance, theater, and film, and has developed programs melding art, music, literature, and computer technology. He has published articles in a variety of fields since 1966, and is the author of Free Play: Improvisation in Life and Art (Penguin-Tarcher, 1990), and The Art of Is: Improvising as a Way of Life, (New World Library, 2019). Much of his teaching beyond music and the arts relates to the universality of improvisation and creativity in all fields of life, and the accessibility of improvisational process to each person at each moment

It is the most normal thing in the world to improvise. We improvise every time we say a sentence, but we are told in our veneration of the masters that the creative process is some sort of mysterious and godlike thing only possessed by a few people – when in fact we are improvising all the time, creating all the time.

In the 1980s and 1990s he created computer music software including The World Music Menu (first developed 1987, new versions through 2007), and the visual music software tools Zmusic (first presented at the Visual Music Alliance, Los Angeles, 1987) and Visual Music Tone Painter (first developed 1992, new versions through 2007).

In the years following the millennium his time has been divided between improvisation concerts on violin, viola, electric violin and viola d'amore, both solo and in partnership with other musicians, dancers, and theater artists, lecturing and teaching workshops on improvisation, writing about creativity and about the influence of Gregory Bateson on modern thought, and visual music and other multimedia works.

He has served on the boards of the International Society for Improvised Music, the New Violin Family Association and the Bateson Idea Group.

Works

Bibliography

Books
The Art of Is: Improvising as a Way of Life (New World Library, 2019). . Translation in Spanish (Improvisar: El Arte, La Vida, Paidos/Planeta, 2022). Audiobook on Blackstone, read by Robertson Dean, 2019.
Free Play: Improvisation in Life and Art (Penguin-Tarcher, 1990). . Translations in German as Das Tao Der Kreativtät (O.W. Barth, 2008)/Free Play. Kreativität geschehen lassen (Droemer & Knaur 2013), Spanish as Free Play (Paidos, 2020, 2003 & Planeta, 1991), Swedish as Spela Fritt (Bo Ejeby Forlag, 2004), Portuguese as Ser Criativo (Summus Editorial, 1993), Korean as Play (Ecos, 2008, and Bulkwang Media Co., 2023), Italian as Il gioco libero della vita: Trovare la voce del cuore con l'improvvisazione (Feltrinelli Editore, 2013), Greek as Δημιουργικότητα στη ζωή και στην τέχνη – Η δύναμη του Αυτοσχεδιασμού (Aiora Press, 2013), in Japanese as Free Play (Film-Art Sha, 2014), in Chinese (published by Dark Eyes, Taiwan, 2023).

Writings on music and creativity
"Freedom," Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol 11 no 5, The Analytic Press, 2001.
"Equals, Snapshots, Presence: ISIM, The International Society for Improvised Music," NewMusicBox, American Music Center, 2009.
"Genio" – Spanish translation of “Genius” from Genius & Magic. TalentLab, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2001.
"Two on Play," New Realities 11:3, 1991.
"Saving the Cat" in The Soul of Creativity, Ed. Tona Pearce Myers, Novato: New World Library, 1999. .
“Eros and Creation,” New Frontier, (1990).

Writings on Gregory Bateson
"Gregory Bateson: Old Men Ought to be Explorers", Coevolution Quarterly, 1981, Leonardo, 1986, German translation in Bevußtseins (R)evolution, Julius Beltz Verlag, 1983.
"Bateson and the Buddhadharma," in Bateson and the Epistemology of the Sacred: The Science-Religion Pattern, University of Copenhagen 2005.
"Bateson and the Arts," Kybernetes 36:(7/8), 2007.
"It don't mean a thing if it ain't got that swing: Bateson's epistemology and the rhythms of life," Ultimate Meaning and Reality, 2008.
"This is play," New Literary History, 2009.
"An Old Dinosaur," Kybernetes 42:(9/10), 2013.
"Addiction: Medicine and Disease Subdue Each Other," International Bateson Institute, 2016.
"Being Whole, New Literary History, 2023.

Social thought
"Global Thinking" with Abdul Aziz Said, 1987. The Acorn, A Gandhian Review. March 1987.
"The Year 2000 is a State of Mind," in Voices on the Threshold of Tomorrow: 145 Views of the New Millennium, edited by Georg & Trisha Feuerstein. Quest Books, 1993.
“Le mythe de Job selon William Blake.” 5ème Journées de Psychologie et Cancer, Montreux, Switzerland (1985).

Early work
Job's Return: William Blake's Map of the Deeps. Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1975.
"Ends, Means, and Galumphing: Some Leitmotifs of Play." American Anthropologist, 75:1. 1972 (as Stephen Miller).
"The Predatory Behavior of Dileptus Anser," Journal of Protozoology, 1968 (as Stephen Miller).

Discography
Moon Music & Trumpetvine Sonata, 1979.
Earth's Answer, 1982.
Free Play, with Ron Fein, 1984.
Wheel of Time, 1991.
Merging at Merging One, with Ellen Burr, 1991.
Electric and Acoustic Improvisations, Vol. 1, with Timothy Summers, 2005.
Ludi Fecundus, 2007.
Saraswati Steps Up to Bat, 2007.
Stillness, as Sixth Sense, with Karlton Hester, Stephen Nachmanovitch, and Stephanie Phillips 2009.
Impermanence, 2012/2018.
The Liquid Between the Styles, with Matt Oestreicher, 2019.
Hermitage of Thrushes, 2020.
From This World, Another, with David Rothenberg, 2021.
So Far, So Near, with Anders Hagberg, 2021.
Rising at Rhizome, with Ellen Burr, 2023.
Music from Before the Beginning, 2003.

Multimedia
Job's Returns: A meditation of William Blake's Illustrations of the Book of Job, Music and multimedia by Stephen Nachmanovitch, 2002.
Visible Music: interactive visual music / synesthesia installation of Visual Music Tone Painter, at the National Museum of American History, Lemelson Center, Smithsonian Institution, 2000.
Steps, Haystack Mountain Institute, 2009.
Taming the Mind Ox and Theater Games, 2006, DVD, Blue Cliff Records.
Unstoppable, Visual and computer music, 2000.
Visual Music Tone Painter: computer software, multimedia generation tool. 1992.
Zmusic computer software, multimedia generation tool. 1987.
First Life, visual music film, 1966–86, Premiere at UCLA, Schoenberg Hall, 1986.
Music for Rachel's Brain, with Rachel Rosenthal, 1986–88, Documenta Festival, Bielefeld Germany, and festivals in Brussels, Granada, Los Angeles and New York.
Path of Light, visual music, 1985.
Doors of Perception, visual music, Berkeley Moving Arts, 1979.
The Four Zoas, visual music based on William Blake, Berkeley, CA 1978.

References

External links
Free Play Productions
Blue Cliff Records

1950 births
Free improvising musicians
Avant-garde violinists
Free jazz violinists
Chamber jazz musicians
Living people
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
University of California, Santa Cruz alumni
Harvard University alumni
Creativity researchers
Free improvisation
Avant-garde jazz violinists
American jazz violinists
American male violinists
Jewish American musicians
21st-century American violinists
American male jazz musicians
21st-century American male musicians


Sir Reginald Charles Halse KBE CMG (16 June 1881 – 9 August 1962) was the Bishop of Riverina from 1925 to 1943 and then Archbishop of Brisbane until his death in 1962.

Halse was educated at St Paul's School, London and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was ordained in 1906 and was an assistant priest at St Saviour's Poplar and then priest in charge of St Nicholas' Blackwall. He then emigrated to Australia and was Warden of the Brotherhood of St Barnabas and then headmaster of All Souls' School, Charters Towers, Queensland until his ordination to the episcopate. He was translated to Brisbane in 1943 and knighted in 1962. He died in office on 9 August 1962.

References

1881 births
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford
Anglican bishops of Riverina
20th-century Anglican bishops in Australia
20th-century Anglican archbishops
Anglican archbishops of Brisbane
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
1962 deaths


Batiste Madalena (1902–1988) was an American commercial artist best known for the original advertisements he created for the Eastman Theatre in Rochester, NY from 1924-1928.  Other movie theater exhibitors commissioned film advertising but Madalena's work is the largest archive of this type of work to survive.

Early life
Batiste Madalena was born in Italy and immigrated to the United States in 1904. He enrolled at the Mechanics Institute, later to become the Rochester Institute of Technology to study art.  During his artistic training Madalena studied under influential advertising artist J. C. Leyendecker.  In 1924 he had won just won a scholarship to the Art Students League of New York when he received a communication from inventor and photographic manufacturer George Eastman, who had just built the Eastman Theatre in Rochester, NY.  Boasting 3,350 seats, the Eastman Theatre was the third-largest cinema in the United States at the time and the flagship in a first-run chain of movie Theatres.

Work for the Eastman Theatre
Mr. Eastman disliked the publicity materials created by the movie studios and persuaded 22-year-old Madalena to postpone his studies and remain in Rochester to create original posters for his Theatre. "He told me, 'You do anything you want,' " Mr. Madalena recalled. "The only thing was, the posters had to be seen from the trolley car that stopped in front of the Theatre. The trolley was pretty far away, so the posters had to be big, not fancy and finicky. The point was to get people to cross the street and stop for a while at the Eastman."  Between 1924 and 1928 the artist created an average of seven posters a week, a total of about 1,400 posters for the Eastman Theatre.  He was paid $4.50 per poster.  The silent films he created advertisements for include Laugh, Clown, Laugh starring Lon Chaney, Madame Sans-Gene starring Gloria Swanson, and The Mysterious Lady starring Greta Garbo.

Technique
Madalena worked from publicity photographs sent to the Eastman Theatre by the movie studios.  Each of his posters measured approximately 48" x 24" to fit into the theatre's glass covered advertising cases.  He hand painted the images using gouache, tempera and conte crayon on posterboard.  The influence of C. Coles Phillips “fadeaway” style can be seen in some of Madalena's works, for example his poster for Up Stage with Norma Shearer.  Other characteristics include bold colors and the use of stylish freehand lettering. In a review of Madalena's show at the Barnsdall Art Gallery, LA Times art critic William Wilson referenced the early Kandinsky as a predecessor of Madalena.

Later career
In 1928 Mr. Eastman sold his Theatre to the Paramount-Publix chain and the original advertisement scheme was abandoned.  That same year Mr. Madalena opened his own commercial art studio where he worked until his retirement in the late 1960s.

Rediscovery
A few weeks after he left the employ of the Eastman Theatre, Madalena happened to pass the building.  "I'd been at the Y.M.C.A. for a cup of coffee," he said. '"On my way back, it was raining, and I cut through behind the Theatre. That's when I saw my posters, thrown out with the trash.  It made me sore," he said. "They were soaking. They messed up the best ones. I cleaned and saved the ones I could. But later, I couldn't bother with them. I had other things to do." The 225 paintings the artist was able to save remained in storage in Madalena's attic until 1973.  With the encouragement of his children Rita and Richard, Madalena entered some of the posters in a local art show in 1975.  Los Angeles documentary film maker, Steven Katten, was visiting Rochester that week for a filmmakers' convention. Just as they had been designed to do nearly 50 years before, the posters caught his eye from the sidewalk.  "I was struck by them,'" he said. "They were powerful. I went back to Los Angeles, but I found that I kept thinking about these things. Every time I saw another movie poster, I unconsciously compared it to them. After a time, I called Mr. Madalena from Los Angeles and said, 'Listen, let's talk.' "
Mr. Katten and his wife, Judith, bought the entire poster collection for an undisclosed sum.  Steven and Judith Katten periodically loan the artwork to museums and galleries.  They have also donated some of Madalena's work to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

Exhibitions
Steven and Judith Katten arranged a traveling exhibit of the paintings through the Art Museum Association that ran into 1985.  In the March 1986, Hirschl & Adler Galleries of New York City organized the first exhibit of Madalena's work in Manhattan. Exhibitions of Madalena's art at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences included a February 1992 showing of 20 paintings and a July 1998 exhibition showcasing 70 of Madalena's posters.  In October 2008 the Museum of Modern Art in New York City organized Batiste Madalena: Hand-Painted Film Posters for the Eastman Theatre, 1924–1928, from October 2009 to April 2010.   The show included 53 posters along with screenings of some of the films the posters were created to advertise.

Notes

References
 Batiste Madalena: Poster Paintings for the Movies, Hirschl & Adler Galleries, 1986
 Movie Posters: The Paintings of Batiste Madalena, by Batiste Madalena and Judith Katten, 1986
 Now Playing: Hand-Painted Poster Art from the 1910s through the 1950s, by Anthony Slide, 2007

1902 births
1988 deaths
American artists
American poster artists
Italian emigrants to the United States


CyberArk is a publicly traded information security company offering identity management. The company's technology is utilized primarily in the financial services, energy, retail, healthcare and government markets. CyberArk is headquartered in Newton, Massachusetts. The company also has offices throughout the Americas, EMEA, Asia Pacific and Japan.

History

CyberArk was founded in 1999 by Alon N. Cohen and current Executive Chairman Udi Mokady who assembled a team of security engineers who implemented the digital vault technology ().

In June 2014, CyberArk filed for an Initial public offering (IPO) with the Securities and Exchange Commission, listing 2013 revenues of $66.2 million. CyberArk became a public company the same year, trading on the NASDAQ as CYBR. In the years following its IPO, CyberArk made a string of security acquisitions.

 2015: CyberArk acquired the private Massachusetts-based company Viewfinity, which specialized in privilege management and application control software, for $39.5 million.
 2017: CyberArk acquired Massachusetts-based cybersecurity company Conjur Inc., which secured access for software development and IT teams that are building cloud-based software, for $42 million.
 2018: CyberArk acquired assets of Boston-based cloud security provider Vaultive. Twenty Vaultive employees, most from the company's research and development team, joined CyberArk.
2019: CyberArk acquired identity startup Idaptive for $70 million.
On February 12, 2020 CyberArk said it had over 5,300 customers.

In May 2022, CyberArk announced the launch of ‘CyberArk Ventures’ a collection to fund Cybersecurity Technology start-ups. The organisation gained $30 million from global investments to empower the new venture, with the aim of funding disruptive technologies. CyberArk aligned with investors including Venrock, Yl Ventures, Team8 Capital and Merlin ventures and has announced the joint investments in Dig Security, Enso Security and Zero Networks.

On February 9, 2023, cofounder Udi Mokady stepped down from the role of CEO and handed it over to previous COO Matt Cohen. He became the Executive Chairman of the board.

References

Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Computer companies of the United States
Software companies based in Massachusetts
Software companies of Israel
Software companies of the United States
1999 establishments in the United States
1999 establishments in Massachusetts
Software companies established in 1999
Companies established in 1999
Companies based in Massachusetts


Mister Guitar is the eleventh studio album recorded by guitarist Chet Atkins, released in 1959. That title, as well as "Country Gentleman", became names assigned to Chet.

"Country Gentleman", co-written with Boudleaux Bryant, was a minor hit for Atkins in 1953. That original version was recorded in a garage. The liner notes are by David Halberstam, then writing for The Tennessean in Nashville, Tennessee.

Reissues
 Mister Guitar was packaged with Chet Atkins in Three Dimensions and released on CD in 1998 by One Way Records.
 In 2002, Mister Guitar was reissued with Chet Atkins' Workshop by Classic Compact Disc (Disc 2103).

Track listing

Side one
 "I Know That You Know" (Anne Caldwell, Vincent Youmans) – 1:53
 "Rainbow" (Alfred Bryan, Percy Wenrich) – 2:27
 "Hello Bluebird" (Cliff Friend) – 2:06
 "Siesta" (Atkins, James Rich) – 2:10
 "Country Style" (Johnny Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 2:02
 "Show Me the Way to Go Home" (James Campbell, Reginald Connelly) – 2:06

Side two
 "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles" (John Kellette, James Kendis, James Brockman, Nat Vincent) – 1:30
 "Backwoods" (James Rich) – 2:09
 "Country Gentleman" (Atkins, Boudleaux Bryant) – 1:53
 "Slinkey" (Atkins) – 1:59
 "Jessie" (Traditional) – 1:44
 "Piano Concerto in B-Flat Minor" (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) – 2:27

Personnel
 Chet Atkins – guitar

Production notes
 Engineered by Bob Farris and Bill Porter

References

1959 albums
Chet Atkins albums
Albums produced by Chet Atkins
RCA Records albums


Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard received numerous titles, decorations, and honours both during and after his military career.

Ranks
Trenchard held the following ranks:

31 March 1891, 2nd Lieutenant, Forfar and Kincardine Artillery (Militia)
9 September 1893, 2nd Lieutenant, Royal Scots Fusiliers
12 August 1896, Lieutenant, Royal Scots Fusiliers
28 February 1900, Captain, Royal Scots Fusiliers
22 August 1902, Brevet Major
1 June 1908, Temporary Lieutenant Colonel
4 November 1910, Brevet Major
7 August 1914, Temporary Lieutenant Colonel
18 January 1915, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel
3 June 1915, Brevet Colonel
25 August 1915, Temporary Brigadier General
24 March 1916, Temporary Major-General
1 January 1917, Major-General
3 January 1918, Major-General, Royal Air Force
1 August 1919, Air Vice-Marshal, Royal Air Force
11 August 1919, Air Marshal, Royal Air Force
1 April 1922, Air Chief Marshal, Royal Air Force
1 January 1927, Marshal of the Royal Air Force

Mentions in Despatches
25 August 1905 (by F D Lugard, High Commissioner of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate)
18 September 1906 (by Lieutenant-Colonel H C Moorhouse, Officer Commanding Southern Nigeria Regiment)
31 May 1915 (by Field Marshal Sir John French, Commander-in-Chief British Armies in the Field)
1 November 1915 (by Field Marshal Sir John French, Commander-in-Chief, The British Army in France)
1 January 1916 (by Field Marshal Sir John French, Commander-in-Chief, The British Army in France)
15 June 1916
4 January 1917
11 December 1917
20 May 1918
10 April 1919

Orders of chivalry and decorations
18 September 1906, Distinguished Service Order
1 January 1914, Companion in the Most Honourable Order of the Bath
1 January 1918, Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath
1 January 1924, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath
20 July 1935, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
1 January 1951, Order of Merit

Titles of nobility

30 December 1919, Baronet
27 January 1930, Baron Trenchard, of Wolfeton in the County of Dorset
4 February 1936, Viscount Trenchard, of Wolfeton in the County of Dorset

Medals
Queen's South Africa Medal with Transvaal, Orange Free State and Cape Colony clasps
King's South Africa Medal with South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902 clasps
Africa General Service Medal with North Nigeria 1904, Southern Nigeria 1904-05 and Southern Nigeria 1905-06 clasps
1914 Star with 5 August - 22 November 1914 clasp
War Medal
Victory Medal with MiD oakleaf
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal
King George VI Coronation Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
Croix de Guerre (Belgium)
Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)

Styles

Honorary degrees
1926, Doctor of Civil Law, University of Oxford
date unknown Doctor of Laws, University of Cambridge

Foreign awards
 25 August 1915, Order of St. Anne, 3rd Class with Swords, Russia
 1910s, Croix de Guerre (France)
 9 November 1916, Légion d'honneur, Croix de Commandeur, France
 24 September 1917, Order of Leopold, Commander, Belgium
 11 March 1918, Croix de guerre, Belgium
 8 November 1918, Order of the Crown of Italy, Commander, Kingdom of Italy
 1910s, Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st Class with Swords, Russia
 15 July 1919, Distinguished Service Medal, United States
 4 January 1921, Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st Class, Japan
 date unknown, Order of the Two Rivers, Iraq

Honorary appointments
13 July 1919 Colonel of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (with the honorary rank of Major-General). Resigned appointment on 1 May 1946.

References

Trenchard
Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard


Norman Harold Heath (31 January 1924 – November 1983) was an English footballer who played as a goalkeeper for West Bromwich Albion.

Biography
Heath was born in Wolverhampton and was an old player with Bushbury Hill school and hampton boys. He joined West Bromwich Albion as an amateur in May 1942 and turned professional in October 1943, having made his debut in September 1943 in the Football League North against Wolverhampton Wanderers.

His career was interrupted when he joined the British Army in 1944, initially based locally with the King's Shropshire Light Infantry before serving with the Royal Leicestershire Regiment in Pune. Obtaining the rank of Company Quartermaster Sergeant he also appeared for the Combined Services XI side a number of times.

He returned to Albion and made his full Football League debut in 1947 against Sheffield Wednesday, although it would be 1952 before Heath replaced incumbent Jimmy Sanders as the Baggies first choice keeper. However his career was cut short in 1954 when, during a league match with Sunderland he was involved in a collision with Ted Purdon, leading to severe back and neck injuries that forced his retirement from the game.

Heath, who used a wheelchair for the rest of his life, was granted a testimonial against an International XI in 1956. 55,000 well-wishers turned up. He had a spell as manager of local club Great Barr Gunners before his death in Great Barr, Birmingham in November 1983.

References

1924 births
1983 deaths
Footballers from Wolverhampton
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
King's Shropshire Light Infantry soldiers
Royal Leicestershire Regiment soldiers
British Army personnel of World War II
Military personnel from Wolverhampton