Anna Henrietta Bergendahl (born 11 December 1991) is a Swedish singer and songwriter. She took part in Swedish TV4 music program Super Troupers in 2004, and in Idol 2008 where she reached the Final 5 before being eliminated.

In 2009, Bergendahl signed for Lionheart Records. Her debut album was released on 14 April 2010. Bergendahl won Melodifestivalen 2010 with the song "This Is My Life" and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, but failed to qualify for the final. The song topped the Swedish Singles Chart on 5 March 2010.

Biography

Early life
Bergendahl was born in Hägersten, Stockholm, and raised in Nyköping and Katrineholm. She is of partial Irish descent, as her grandmother was born and lives in Ireland. Her first performance in front of an audience was in a cathedral in York when she was only eight years old.

Idol 2008
Bergendahl successfully applied for the TV4 talent show Idol 2008 with her rendition of Bonnie Raitt's "Have a Heart", which received praise from the jury consisting of Laila Bagge, Anders Bagge and Andreas Carlsson. She later sang songs like ABBA's "Mamma Mia", Py Bäckman's "Stad i ljus", "Save Up All Your Tears", "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis, "The Best" and "Over the Rainbow".

Bergendahl finished fifth in the Idol season which was later won by Kevin Borg.

In 2009, Bergendahl was approached by Kristian Lagerström and Bobby Ljunggren and asked if she wanted to record a song for Melodifestivalen 2010.

Melodifestivalen and Eurovision 2010
Anna Bergendahl participated in Melodifestivalen 2010 with the song "This Is My Life", written and produced by Kristian Lagerström (lyrics) and Bobby Ljunggren (music). The song won the final in Ericsson Globe on 13 March 2010, with 214 points. Bergendahl represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, Norway, where she became the first Swedish singer not to qualify for the final since the introduction of the semifinals in 2004 (although she placed 11th, just outside the top 10 qualifiers by a margin of 5 points). "This Is My Life'" was the first ballad to win Melodifestivalen since 1998 when Kärleken är won and was also Sweden's 50th entry in the Eurovision Song Contest.

2010–present: Return to Melodifestivalen and other projects
After Eurovision Bergendahl participated in Allsång på Skansen, Sommarkrysset, and Lotta på Liseberg. She also went on a tour and sang songs from her debut album. In 2012 Bergendahl released her new album Something to Believe In with the debut single from the new album being "Live and Let Go". In 2019, she released two new singles, "Home" and "Speak Love". She participated in Melodifestivalen 2019 with the song "Ashes to Ashes". Bergendahl competed in Melodifestivalen 2020 with the song "Kingdom Come". She placed third, scoring 107 points. The song became the second most played song on Swedish airplay and also sold platinum. During late 2020, Bergendahl released "Thelma and Louise". The EP Vera was released in October 2020 and contains five songs written by Bergendahl. By the end of the year, she also released her Christmas song, "It Never Snows in California". On 13 August 2021, Bergendahl released "Grain of Trust", written together with Peter Kvint.

Bergendahl returned to Melodifestivalen again in 2022 with the song "Higher Power". She made it to the final on 12 March 2022 and finished in last place with 29 points.

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles
As lead artist

As featured artist

Other charted songs

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Singers from Stockholm
English-language singers from Sweden
Idol (Swedish TV series) participants
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2010
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Sweden
Swedish people of Irish descent
21st-century Swedish singers
21st-century Swedish women singers
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2022
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2020
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2019
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2010


The Diocese of Fredericton is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Canada of the Anglican Church of Canada. Established in 1845, its first bishop was John Medley, who served until his death on September 9, 1892. Its cathedral and diocesan offices are in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.

Bishops
 1845–1892: John Medley; Metropolitan of Canada, 1879–1892
 1892–1907: Tully Kingdon
 1907–1938: John Richardson; Metropolitan of Canada, 1934–1938
 1939–1956: William Moorhead
 1957–1971: Henry O'Neil
 1971–1989: Harold Nutter; Metropolitan of Canada, 1980–1989
 1989–2000: George Lemmon
 2000–2003: Bill Hockin
 2003–2014: Claude Miller; Metropolitan of Canada, 2009–2014
 2014–present: David Edwards; Metropolitan of Canada, 2020–Present

Archdeacons

The following have served as archdeacons of the diocese:

Archdeacons of St. Andrews
 2001–2003: Geoffrey Hall
 2014–present: John Matheson

Archdeacons of Chatham
 2018–2020: Sandy MacPherson
 2020–present: Perry Cooper

Archdeacons of Fredericton
George Best held this post 1825–1829 in the Diocese of Nova Scotia, before the erection of Fredericton diocese; Best and Coster were archdeacons for all New Brunswick, and as such were also called Archdeacon of New Brunswick.
1829?: George Coster
in 1866, there was one archdeaconry and it was vacant
 1907–1932: Obadiah Newnham
 –2016: Patricia Drummond (formerly at New Bandon and subsequently at Woodstock)
 2017–2020: Wandlyn Snelgrove (formerly served as priest in Sussex)
 2020–2023: Kevin Stockall
 2023–Present: Paul Ranson

Archdeacons of Kingston and the Kennebecasis
 2002-2006: Richard McConnell
 2006-2015: David Barrett
 2015–present: Robert MarshArchdeacons of Moncton 2006-2014 Richard McConnell
 2014–present: Brent HamArchdeacons of Saint John 2016–2017: Stuart Allan
 2018–2022: Keith Osborne
 2022–present: Leo MartinArchdeacons of Woodstock 2014–2017: Patricia Drummond (acting)
 2018–2020: Roderick BlackDiocesan Archdeacons'''
 ?-2000: Harold Hazen
 1998-2003: Claude Miller
 2003-2014: Geoffrey Hall
 2014-present: Cathy Laskey

See also
Dean of Fredericton

References

Fredericton, Anglican Diocese of
Anglican church buildings in New Brunswick
Organizations based in Fredericton
Anglican Province of Canada


Mihály Barla Slovene Miháo Barla (circa 1778 – February 4, 1824) was a Slovenian Lutheran pastor, writer, and poet.

He was born in Murska Sobota. He studied in Sopron, in the Evangelical Lyceum, by 1803 studied in the University of Jena.
In 1807 was the director of the Hungarian-Latin School of Sárszentlőrinc (Tolna), in 1808 teacher of Evangelical School of Győr. 1810-1824 ministrat in Kővágóörs, near the Balaton, and here died.

In 1823 rework the hymn-book of Mihály Bakos on the score of  (New Christian hymn-book, Hung. ).

Other works
  (Sopron, 1901)
  (Sopron, 1820)
  (Győr, ?)

See also

 List of Slovene writers and poets in Hungary
 Mihály Bakos
 Kővágóörs

References
 Petőfi Sándor - Sárszentlőrinci gyökerek
 Történelmi arcképcsarnok - Vas megye
 Anton Trstenjak: Slovenci na Ogrskem, Narodopisna in književna črtica, Objava Arhivskih Virov, Maribor 2006.

1770s births
1824 deaths
People from Murska Sobota
Slovenian Lutheran clergy
Slovenian writers and poets in Hungary
Hungarian male poets
19th-century Hungarian poets
19th-century Hungarian male writers


Anton Ginsburg (18 September 1930 – 19 July 2002) was a Russian pianist. He was born in Moscow. A disciple of Heinrich Neuhaus, he graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in 1953. Four years later he won the Smetana Competition in Prague. Ginsburg has been active as a concert pianist both in the USSR and abroad, but is best remembered for his work as an accompanist with Daniil Shafran.

References
 Classicus.jp (on Melodiya LP notes)
 Anton Ginsburg's grave

External links
  of Dmitri Shostakovich's Cello Sonata's Finale.

1930 births
2002 deaths
Russian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Musicians from Moscow
Soviet classical pianists
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century Russian male musicians
Moscow Conservatory alumni


Muhammad I ibn Pulad  was a Khan (r. 1342–1343) of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a great-great-grandson of Chagatai Khan Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq.

Not much is known about him. According to Shajrat ul Atrak, he tried to halt the political dissolution within his ulus. Muhammad was apparently Muslim judging by his name.

References

THE SHAJRAT UL ATRAK,OR GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE TURKS AND TATARS; TRANSLATED AND ABRIDGED translated by Col. Miles.
Ц.Энхчимэг - "Монголын цагаадайн улс" 2006 он

Chagatai khans
Mongol Empire Muslims
14th-century monarchs in Asia
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown


Uncial 0105 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 45 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. It is dated paleographically to the 10th-century. Formerly it was labelled by Wn.

Description
The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of John 6:71-7:46, on four parchment leaves (32 by 24 cm). The text is written in two columns per page (size of column is 22.8 by 7.5 cm), 24 lines per page, in large uncial letters. The ink is brown. It contains Ammonian Sections, Eusebian Canons, lectionary markings at the margin, and music notes. It has some errors of itacism. It has breathings and accents, but irregular.

The Greek text of this codex is mixed, with a strong element of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category III.

History

Gregory dated it to the 7th-century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 10th-century.

According to C. R. Gregory it was acquired from Eastern Asia-Minor or Armenia. Gregory gave full text of the codex.

The codex is located at the Austrian National Library, (Suppl. Gr. 121), in Vienna.

See also
 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

 C. R. Gregory, Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes I (Leipzig, 1900), p. 81; III (Leipzig, 1909), pp. 1066–1074.
 S. Porter, New Testament Greek Papyri and Parchments, Vienna 2008, pp. 162–186.
 U. B. Schmid, D. C. Parker, W. J. Elliott, The Gospel according to St. John: The majuscules (Brill 2007), pp. 117–124. [text of the codex in the Gospel of John]

External links
 Wieland Willker, Uncial 0105 "Textual Commentary"

Greek New Testament uncials
10th-century biblical manuscripts
Biblical manuscripts of the Austrian National Library


Ivar Christian Sommerschild Geelmuyden (8 April 1819 – 21 May 1875) was a Norwegian politician.

He was the son of Hans Geelmuyden, and brother of Christian Torber Hegge Geelmuyden. He was the uncle of Marie Geelmuyden, first Norwegian woman to receive a degree in science.

He enrolled as a student in 1837 and graduated as cand.mag. in 1837. He worked as a teacher in Christiania before moving to Fredrikshald in 1852. While living here he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1857, representing the constituency of Fredrikshald.

In 1862 he was hired as a school principal in Bergen. He was elected from his city to the Norwegian Parliament in 1865, 1868, 1871 and 1874. He served as mayor of Bergen from 1867 to 1868 and 1873 to 1875.

He died in 1875.

References

1819 births
1875 deaths
Members of the Storting
Østfold politicians
Politicians from Halden
Mayors of Bergen
Norwegian educators


Charles James Ansell (8 December 1794 – 1881 in Paddington, Middlesex, England) was a British actuary.

Background
In 1808, 14 year-old Charles Ansell was hired on with the Atlas Fire and Life Assurance Company. Ansell would stay with Atlas for more than 56 years, remaining even after his retirement in 1864 when he became a consultant to the company. He rose in authority during his employment until in 1823 he became actuary of the company's life branch. He served similarly at National Provident, the Friends' Provident and the Clergy Mutual Life Office. In 1834, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Publishing and advisement
In 1835, Ansell published A Treatise On Friendly Societies through Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, a compilation of information related to the illnesses and mortality rates of the working class of England. According to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, this treatise "was probably the first rigorous examination of the subject", contributing to the professional success that ultimately led to his being known as "the father of his profession" in the final years of his life.

As a specialist in the subject, Charles Ansell was a sometimes financial advisor for British government, including Parliament. He was described in 1864 by William Ewart Gladstone as "one of the most eminent authorities among actuaries". In his older years, he served as Deputy Lieutenant of Merionethshire.

Death and legacy
Charles Ansell died 14 December 1881, aged 87 years. He was buried in Brighton cemetery. Ansell's legacy persisted in his family: His eldest son and namesake, himself the actuary of National Provident for over three decades beginning in 1852, authored On the Rate of Mortality in 1874; in 1885, Hubert Ansell, who was one of Ansell's grandchildren, became a fellow of the Institute of Actuaries.

References

1794 births
1881 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
Committee members of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge


The Diocese of Saskatchewan is a diocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land of the Anglican Church of Canada formed in 1874. Its headquarters are in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.  The Diocese of Saskatoon was split off from it in 1933.

The diocese encompasses the northern two-thirds of Saskatchewan and has 35 parishes and 68 congregations. About 23,000 people are identified as Anglican though attendance is much less.  There are 28 active and 15 retired clergy and 110 lay readers. Half of the active clergy are non-stipendiary.

Bishops
1874 John McLean
1887 Cyprian Pinkham (1st Bishop of Calgary, 1903)
1903 Jervois Newnham
1922 George Lloyd
1931 William Hallam (became Bishop of Saskatoon when the diocese was split)
1933 Walter Burd
1939 Henry Martin
1960 Bill Crump
1970 Vicars Short
1985 Tom Morgan (afterwards Bishop of Saskatoon, 1993)
1993 Tony Burton
2009 Michael Hawkins

Suffragan Bishops
1989 - 2008 Charles Arthurson

Deans of Saskatchewan
The Dean of Saskatchewan is also Rector of St Alban's Cathedral.

?–1963: R. Leslie Taylor
1963–1970: Vicars Short  (Bishop of Saskatchewan, 1970)
1971–?: John H. McMulkin
1984–1990: Bruce Stavert (afterwards Bishop of Quebec, 1991)
1991–1993: Tony Burton  (Bishop of Saskatchewan, 1993)
1994–2001: Stephen Andrews (later Bishop of Algoma, 2008)
2001–2009: Michael Hawkins (Bishop of Saskatchewan, 2009)
2010–present: Kenneth Davis

References

External links

Religious organizations established in 1874
Saskatchewan, Anglican Diocese of
Anglican dioceses established in the 19th century

Christianity in Saskatchewan
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
1874 establishments in Canada
Anglican Province of Rupert's Land


The Vampire Who Admires Me () is a 2008 Hong Kong mystery comedy film directed by Cub Chin starring Samuel Pang and Roger Kwok and actresses JJ Jia Maggie Li, Natalie Meng, model Ankie Beilke, Winnie Leung, and model Tanya Ng.

Plot

Cast

Reception
A 2009 review states that "This is an odd one in that it uses the traditional kyonsi and yet throws in a Western horror sensibility (most notably, I thought, borrowing from the zombie genre in tone) as well as throwing in a more traditionally Hong Kong cinema sense of humour." This comment is confirmed by a retrospecteive review: "It was like a ride back into the horror comedy films that proliferated in the late 1990s in fare like Bio-Zombie, the Troublesome Night films and the anthologies with times in the title like Midnight Zone and 1 a.m. The only thing it was missing was an appearance from Helen Law Lan who was in nearly all the horror films of that period." This statement is confirmed again by yet another review but in a more negative approach: "Wong Jing should perhaps turn away from echoing the olden days while Cub Chien might blossom under someone else."

Another review gives a mildly positive assessment: "The Vampire Who Admires Me is hard to rate as good, but it still amuses and is certainly better than other recent Wong Jing efforts."

References

External links

 The Vampire Who Admires Me at the Hong Kong Movie Database
 The Vampire Who Admires Me at the Hong Kong Cinemagic
 CityLine
 LoveHKFilm

2008 comedy horror films
2000s comedy mystery films
2008 films
Hong Kong horror films
2000s Hong Kong films


Iván Bassa Slovene Ivan Baša (11 April 1875 – 13 February 1931) Slovenian Roman Catholic priest, writer and politic.

Born in Beltinci (in Prekmurje, then part of Hungary), his parents József Bassa and Anna Vucsko. Was consecrate on 16 July 1898. Chaplain in Sankt Martin an der Raab, Sveti Jurij, Rogašovci and Rechnitz. In 1905-1908 priest in Újhegy, then in Bogojina.

Bassa was befriend Yugoslavia and the accession Wendic March (Prekmurje on the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. After 1920 be at the back of the catholic Hungarian schools in the Prekmurje. In 1925 build a new church in Bogojina.

Works
 Katolicsanszki katekizmus za solare III.-V. razreda. Budapest. Od Drüzsbe szvétoga Stevana (szlovén kis katekizmus). 1909.
 Katolicsanszki katekizmus za solare III.-V. razreda. Drügi natisz. Budapest. Od Drüzsbe szvétoga Stevana. 1913.

See also
 List of Slovene writers and poets in Hungary

References
 Vasi digitális könyvtár
 Papp József: Magyar könyvek muravidéki tájnyelven 1715-1919

1875 births
1931 deaths
People from Beltinci
20th-century Slovenian Roman Catholic priests
Slovenian writers and poets in Hungary


Narrow Gauge Down Under is an Australian magazine that covers narrow-gauge prototype and model railways. The headquarters is in Clifton Hill, Victoria.

The magazine was first published in 1996, and is published 4 times per year.

Parameters
 Coverage  : Modelling & some International
 Size      : A4
 Publisher : Gavin & Louise Hince

 Issue     : Number 39 is October 2010

See also
 List of railroad-related periodicals

References

External links
 Narrow Gauge Down Under Homepage

1996 establishments in Australia
Quarterly magazines published in Australia
Rail transport magazines published in Australia
Magazines established in 1996
Magazines published in Melbourne


Halloween in the Castro was an annual Halloween celebration held in The Castro district of San Francisco, first held in the 1940s as a neighborhood costume contest. By the late 1970s, it had shifted from a children's event to a gay pride celebration that continued to grow into a massive annual street party in the 2000s.

In 2006, a mass shooting wounded nine people, prompting the city to call off the event.

San Francisco's gay Halloween celebration in the early 1960s originally centered on the early gay bars in the Tenderloin district. They had moved there from the North Beach neighborhood which continues to be a magnet for adult entertainment and nightlife. In the late 1960s, the celebration was centered on Grant Avenue in North Beach. From 1970 to 1978, the Halloween celebration was held on Polk Street in Polk Gulch. In 1977, gay-bashers clashed with police and tear-gas was used to disperse the crowds.

By 1979, the city's gay village had moved to the Castro and "gay Mardi Gras" followed. The event became known as the leading Halloween celebration in the U.S., where costumes ranged from "the outrageous to the spectacular". By 2002, Halloween crowds had grown to the hundreds of thousands and became difficult to control.

History

Children's Halloween
In 1948, Cliff's Variety Store began hosting a children's Halloween festival that featured a costume contest and ice cream-eating contest. By 1979, the Children's Halloween ended as the neighborhood's population shifted from families with children to more single men. In the mid-1990s, the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence revived Children's Halloween with an annual party held at the Eureka Valley Recreation Center, including a costume contest and gifts from Cliff's.

Halloween migrates from the Tenderloin to the Castro
Halloween in the Castro was tied to the LGBT culture of San Francisco and  began in the 1950-1960s in the Tenderloin/Polk Street area of the city where the mainstream gay bars were first centralized. The event traces its history to the ostracism of LGBT people in the first half of the 20th century from mainstream culture which led to community identity and using gay bars as a focal point for socializing, networking and organizing politically. In the late 1940s after World War II, the San Francisco Bay Area became a haven for LGBT military personnel who didn't want to go back to their old lives. In the 1950s, a group of gay bars in San Francisco's Tenderloin area helped to create a strip of venues for "sex, drugs and late night fun". There has also been a South-of-Market (SoMa) leather subculture and BDSM bar scene with gay-focussed sex clubs sharing Folsom street, a tradition which is carried on with the annual Folsom Street Fair. The nearby business- and tourist-oriented area, Union Square, was also popular for cruising for sex and was open to gay men whereas the Tenderloin was where drag queens, t-girls and prostitutes of all orientations were known to congregate publicly in the city, because they were unwelcome in gay bars at that time.

Halloween in the Tenderloin, North Beach and on Polk Street
Halloween in the Tenderloin grew in the early 1960s with the growing LGBT community and welcomed tourists, upon whom many of the prostitutes and hustlers relied for income. By the late 1960s, a major celebration area during Halloween was along Grant Avenue in North Beach, on which there were many gay bars in the late 1960s between Broadway and Union. By 1969, San Francisco had more gay people per capita than any American city; when the National Institute of Mental Health asked the Kinsey Institute to survey homosexuals, the Kinsey Institute chose San Francisco. Beginning in 1970, an annual Halloween celebration was held on Polk Street in Polk Gulch, then still the most important gay neighborhood. By the mid-1970s, Polk Street was overwhelmed and closed to traffic for a few hours each Halloween to make room for the costumed revelry. In 1979, the adult gay Halloween party moved to Castro Street in The Castro which, by the early 1970s, had replaced Polk Gulch as San Francisco's most important gay neighborhood.

Halloween as a "gay" holiday
In the 1970s, the LGBT community moved to the Castro with a string of gay bars opening up and multitudes of gay men filing the sidewalks of the small business district. The Castro became the home of the Halloween event starting in 1979 amid concerns of gay bashing at the Polk street event in the Tenderloin.

There are differing and complementary ideas on why LGBT communities, and expressly, gay men, are attracted to the holiday. Throughout the 1980s, Halloween street events in gay villages Key West, Florida, Christopher Street in New York, Santa Monica Boulevard in West Hollywood and the Castro in San Francisco have evolved from informal parades into Mardi Gras-like events with "drinking and dancing and carrying on in the streets". San Francisco's Polk street Halloween developed in the 1970s as people came out and moved to Castro street in 1979. In addition to stereotypes about why LGBT people are attracted to fashion, theatricality and dressing up there are cultural reasons  why the events have become "the major holiday" for LGBT people. In addition to the holiday's pagan roots, which is attractive to those who have been shunned by mainstream religions, many LGBT people are able to be outrageous and flamboyant even if they remain closeted. In the days before gay liberation, wearing masks symbolized that most gays were in the closet—if gays were interviewed on TV before 1969, they often wore masks so no one would know their real identity.

According to Bruce Mailman, a gay events organizer, "public partying on Halloween fits into gay liberation in general, being seen and heard" in a heteronormative society where media watchdog groups like GLAAD have had to campaign to ensure that LGBT people are portrayed and done so accurately without perpetuating negative stereotypes. In addition to visibility issues there is also escapism components as the LGBT community dealt with the AIDS pandemic and faced the generally negative domestic policy of the Reagan administration towards LGBT people and the AIDS crisis that was impacting the gay male communities.

Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence

On Halloween night in 1989, two weeks after San Francisco was devastated by the 6.9 (Richter scale) Loma Prieta earthquake, the Sisters performed street theater and used donation buckets to collect thousands of dollars for the mayor's Earthquake Relief Fund from the Halloween crowds that poured into The Castro for the massive street party. The group formally added donation gates, a stage and structure to safely manage the event from 1990 to 1995, until "drunken gay-bashers out to get their kicks" convinced the group the event was unsafe without official city support. In 1995, the Sisters agreed to host a costume-mandatory dance, HallowQueen, in a SoMa gay nightclub – which raised over $6000 for charities – as their contribution to helping move the event out of the mostly residential neighborhood. In multi-year planning discussions on how to address the events challenges, some Sisters cited New York City's Village Halloween Parade, the United States' largest Halloween celebration, as an example of the potential for the event to attract tourists and benefit local businesses as well. Barbara Ehrenreich, in her book on collective joy mentions this as an example of how Halloween is changing from a children's holiday to an adult holiday and compares it to Mardi Gras. Halloween is now the United States' second most popular holiday (after Christmas) for decorating; the sale of candy and costumes is also extremely common during the holiday, which is marketed to children and adults alike.

2000 to 2010

A decade later, San Francisco still struggled to manage the event. The massive crowds quickly overwhelmed the streets, mass transit and because of the Castro's location along two major transport corridors, disrupting traffic flow well outside the neighborhood.

In 2002, 500,000 people celebrated Halloween in the Castro and four people were stabbed. In 2003, the city's Entertainment Commission took responsibility for organizing the event. As part of its efforts, the City permitted the March of Light Halloween Parade to drive Art Cars and Costumed Revelers through the center of the event to provide a positive focus and celebratory moments for the event.

In 2006, nine people were wounded when a shooter opened fire at the celebration. Halloween in the Castro was canceled, and in the following years a heavy police presence kept the event from happening spontaneously. In 2007, 600 police were deployed in the Castro on Halloween, a practice that continued in 2009 according to a police press release that announced a "zero tolerance policy for public drinking and other crime". By 2010, the city had cracked down completely on Halloween in the Castro, directing celebrants to various balls and parties elsewhere.

Halloween in the Castro, The Opera (2009)
In 2009, in response to continuing violence and political complications surrounding Halloween in San Francisco, the Lesbian/Gay Chorus of San Francisco produced an opera about Halloween in the Castro, called Halloween in the Castro, composed by Jack Curtis Dubowsky. The opera ran in the Castro at the Metropolitan Community Church (then located on 18th Street) for two weeks, culminating in a final performance on Halloween night. The opera, whilst framed as "a horror opera", lampooned city policies, such as "closing" the Castro while allowing the bars to remain open, and closing the Castro MUNI station. The opera featured a Sister who recounted past years of hosting the event and its decline into violence caused by gawking outsiders as the event grew beyond a manageable size. The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, through their 2009 Pink Saturday Grants program, donated money to support the opera.

Since 2011
In hindsight, the Sisters were seen as a bargain of sorts, raising money every year for charity without city funds while keeping the chaos under control by providing entertainment and structure. They continue to stage and consult on large city events like Folsom Street Fair and Pink Saturday. The city, through the Entertainment Commission established in the early 2000s, is charged with addressing the ongoing issues of Halloween in the city with widespread agreement the Castro can no longer be the focus of a citywide celebration.

In 2011, the City of San Francisco's official site on the topic stated:

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 caused the celebration to be shut down.

Legacy
In 2007, the event was lampooned in adult animated series The Nutshack, which parodied Filipino-American culture in San Francisco. It is heavily referenced and portrayed in Halloween episode "The Slasher." Explaining the event, a character states, "[Castro] is like Carnival or Mardi Gras, just with more gay people."

Notes

Bibliography
 Bullough, Vern L. (2002), Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context, New York, Haworth Press
 Clendinen, Dudley, and Nagourney, Adam (1999), Out for Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America, Simon & Schuster
 D'Emilio, John (1983), Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940–1970, Chicago, University of Chicago Press
 de Jim, Strange (2003), ..San Francisco's Castro, Arcadia Publishing
 Gorman, Michael R. (1998), The Empress is a Man: Stories From the Life of José Sarria, New York, Harrington Park Press: an imprint of Haworth Press  (paperback edition)
 Lockhart, John (2002), The Gay Man's Guide to Growing Older, Los Angeles, Alyson Publications
 Marcus, Eric (1992), Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights 1945 – 1990, An Oral History, New York, HarperCollins
 Miller, Neil (1995), Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present, New York, Vintage Books
 Shilts, Randy (1982), The Mayor of Castro Street, New York, St. Martin's Press
 Weiss, Mike (1984), Double Play: The San Francisco City Hall Killings, Addison Wesley Publishing Company
 Witt, Lynn, Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus (1995), Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America, New York, Warner Books

External links
 Halloween In The Castro – San Francisco city official event website archived version from 2008 with press releases and news updates.

Castro
Castro District, San Francisco
Festivals in the San Francisco Bay Area
LGBT events in California
LGBT culture in San Francisco


Edward Vickery (September 21, 1823 – February 3, 1883) was a merchant, ship builder and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Conservative member from 1871 to 1874 and 1875 to 1882.

He was born in Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, the son of James Vickery and Mary Tate, and the grandson of Johnathan Vickery, a United Empire Loyalist. Vickery was educated at Horton. In 1869, he married Matilda Church. Vickery served as a school commissioner. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1867. After being defeated by Amos Purdy in the 1874 general election, Vickery was declared elected by the assembly in 1875 after Purdy resigned his seat. Although a Conservative, Vickery supported the Liberal railway policy. He died in Parrsboro at the age of 59.

References
The Canadian parliamentary companion and annual register, 1882, CH Mackintosh

1823 births
1883 deaths
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia


Melodies Old and New is a 1942 Our Gang short comedy film directed by Edward Cahn. It was the 203rd Our Gang short (204th episode, 115th talking short, 116th talking episode, and 35th MGM produced episode) that was released.

Plot
The gang prevails upon old-time minstrel impresario Uncle Wills to help them stage a fund-raising musical show (as they did in Ye Olde Minstrels). Highlights include the ensemble number "When Grandma Wore a Bustle", the barbershop-quartet set piece "Songs of Long Ago", and the grand finale "Dances Old and New". The kids are unable to post the profits because Mickey has allowed most of the audience to enter for free, but Uncle Wills comes to the rescue once again.

Cast

The Gang
 Janet Burston as Janet
 Mickey Gubitosi as Mickey
 Billy Laughlin as Froggy
 George McFarland as Spanky
 Billie Thomas as Buckwheat

Additional cast
 Walter Wills as Uncle Walt Wills

Dancers and audience members
Lavonne Battle, Shiela Brown, Shirley Jean Doble, Donna Jean Edmondson, Eddie Ehrhardt, James Gubitosi, Dwayne Hickman, Dickie Humphries, Robert Morris, Kay Tapscott, Frank Lester Ward, Patricia Wheeler

See also
 Our Gang filmography

References

External links

1942 films
1942 comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Edward L. Cahn
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer short films
Our Gang films
1942 short films
1940s American films


Feko is a computational electromagnetics software product developed by Altair Engineering.  The name is derived from the German acronym "Feldberechnung für Körper mit beliebiger Oberfläche", which can be translated as "field calculations involving bodies of arbitrary shape". It is a general purpose 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulator.

FEKO originated in 1991 from research activities of Dr. Ulrich Jakobus at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Cooperation between Dr. Jakobus and EM Software & Systems (EMSS) resulted in the commercialisation of FEKO in 1997. In June 2014, Altair Engineering acquired 100% of EMSS-S.A. and its international distributor offices in the United States, Germany and China, leading to the addition of FEKO to the Altair Hyperworks suite of engineering simulation software.

The software is based on the Method of Moments (MoM) integral formulation of Maxwell's equations

 and pioneered the commercial implementation of various hybrid methods such as:

 Finite Element Method (FEM) / MoM where a FEM region is bounded with an integral equation based boundary condition to ensure full coupling between the FEM and MoM solution areas of the problem.
 MoM / Physical Optics (PO) where computationally expensive MoM current elements are used to excite computationally inexpensive PO elements, inducing currents on the PO elements.  Special features in the FEKO implementation of the MoM/PO hybrid include the analysis of dielectric or magnetically coated metallic surfaces.

 MoM / Geometrical Optics (GO) where rays are launched from radiating MoM elements.

 MoM / Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD) where computationally expensive MoM current elements are used to excite canonical UTD shapes (plates, cylinders) with ray-based principles of which the computational cost is independent of wavelength.

A Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) solver was added in May 2014 with the release of FEKO Suite 7.0.

References

External links

Numerical software
Software that uses Qt
Electromagnetic simulation software


Christian Torber Hegge Geelmuyden (16 October 1816 – 13 May 1885) was a Norwegian naval officer and politician.

He was born in Trondheim as the son of Hans Geelmuyden, and brother of Ivar Geelmuyden. He married twice and was the father of Marie Geelmuyden, first Norwegian woman to receive a degree in science.

Christian Geelmuyden made a career in the Royal Norwegian Navy. He joined the navy as a cadet at the age of fourteen, being promoted to second lieutenant in 1836, premier lieutenant in 1848 and captain lieutenant in 1857. He then became captain in 1864 and commander in 1874. He was stationed in Horten, where he was mayor from 1857 to 1864. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1857, representing the constituency of Jarlsberg og Laurvigs Amt. He later served as a deputy representative during the term 1862–1864.

He was a Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav, and was a member of both the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. A street in Horten, Geelmuydens gate, was named after him.

References

1816 births
1885 deaths
Members of the Storting
Vestfold politicians
People from Horten
Politicians from Trondheim
Military personnel from Trondheim
Royal Norwegian Navy personnel
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters


József Bagáry (; January 8, 1840 – May 14, 1919) was Slovene Roman Catholic priest and writer in Hungary.

Born in Muraszombat, Vas County, Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Murska Sobota, Slovenia). His father was József Bagáry, Hungarian petty nobleman, his mother was Slovene, Katalin Monek.
He studied in Kőszeg and Szombathely, was consecrated on July 14, 1866. Chaplain in Szentgyörgy, Cserencsócz, Tissina and Muraszombat (now Sveti Jurij, Rogašovci, Črenšovci, Tišina and Murska Sobota, Slovenia).

By 1874 priest in Martyáncz (now Martjanci, Slovenia), in 1912 was retire on a pension, and died in Murska Sobota.

Works
 First Reader (Perve Knige – čtenyá za Katholičanske vesničke šolé na Povelênye drüžbe svétoga Števana správlene: po Bárány Ignáci pripravnice vučitel – ravnitel Elsö olvasó – könyv)

References
 Vasi digitális könyvtár – Vasi egyházmegye
 Anton Trstenjak: Slovenci na Ogrskem, Narodnapisna in književna črtica, OBJAVA ARHIVSKIH VIROV MARIBOR 2006.

See also
 List of Slovene writers and poets in Hungary

1840 births
1919 deaths
People from Murska Sobota
20th-century Slovenian Roman Catholic priests
Slovene Austro-Hungarians
Slovenian writers and poets in Hungary
19th-century Slovenian Roman Catholic priests
19th-century Hungarian Roman Catholic priests


The National Resurrection Party (; sometimes translated as Rising Nation Party or National Revival Party) was a short-lived political party in Lithuania. In the 2008 Lithuanian parliamentary election, it became one of the largest parties in the Tenth Seimas of Lithuania, but quickly lost popularity, disintegrated and merged with the Liberal and Centre Union in 2011.

History

Foundation and 2008 parliamentary election
Arūnas Valinskas, Lithuanian producer and media personality, first announced the idea of forming a party for "resurrection" in April of 2008. It was registered in June of the same year. Valinskas was elected as the leader of the party and served as the leader for the entirety of its existence.

From the beginning, the TPP was described as a "showmen's party", as many of its initial members were TV personalities and representatives of the media industry, much like Valinskas himself. Many of the figures included in the party's electoral list were personally connected to Valinskas - including his wife , as well as the manager of his company "A. Valinsko tvenkiniai". , who later joined the party, claimed that Valinskas was connected with the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and the Maxima Group.

At the election of 12 October 2008 to the Seimas, the party won 15.09% of the popular vote and 13 seats in the first round. However, in spite of fielding numerous media personalities known to the Lithuanian public, it only won 3 additional seats in the second round of the single-member constituency elections.

Kubilius Cabinet
Before the 2008 parliamentary election, the party announced its interest to work with any parties except the Labour Party and Order and Justice, which Valinskas described as threats to national security. However, after the election, the TPP, Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats, the Liberal and Centre Union and the Liberal Movement joined together in a centre-right "Coalition for Change" (), which formed the Kubilius Cabinet II.

According to the coalition agreement, Valinskas was to be elected Speaker of the Seimas, but he was only elected after a second vote, becoming the first Speaker of the Seimas in Lithuanian history to not be elected on the first vote. As the vote was secret, it is unknown which members of the coalition protested.

The TPP nominated Vice-Mayor of Neringa Municipality Arūnas Burkšas for Minister of Environment and actor and former leader of the "Eaters of Bread" Party () Remigijus Vilkaitis for Minister of Culture. While Vilkaitis was accepted, the nomination of Burkšas was highly controversial due to his approval of numerous illegal constructions in the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a national park, and was blocked by Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius. Eventually,  was nominated instead.

Decline and split

The first signs of the party's collapse came in early 2009, due to protests from the party membership over Valinskas' authoritarian leadership in the party. Valinskas stalled the adoption of a party statute, fearing that it would reduce his control of the party. Opposition within the party also criticized the arrogant attitude of Minister Remigijus Vilkaitis. Regardless, Valinskas was reelected as chairman of the party without opposition in a party conference on 15 March, which also approved a list of the party's candidates for the 2009 European Parliament elections.

Though a party statute was also approved in the conference, its registration by the Ministry of Justice was frozen, as the Liberal Movement, which controlled the ministry, allegedly sought to hasten the disintegration of TPP and bring its members to their party. Around the same time, the party drew closer to the Liberal and Centre Union and signed an agreement of parliamentary group cooperation to increase their weight in the coalition against the Homeland Union.

The internal conflict in the party and its perceived inability to government severely impacted its ratings. In the 2009 European Parliament election in Lithuania, the party received only 1.04% of the vote and no mandates. After the election, the party considered leaving the coalition, and opponents of Valinskas gained the upper hand in the party's parliamentary group and central leadership. On 15 July, seven members of the party's parliamentary group who supported the chairman and Speaker of the Seimas, including Valinskas himself, suspended their membership and formed the "Oak" Parliamentary Group ().

As a result, the party's parliamentary group withdrew its confidence on its own ministers and threatened with departure from the coalition. In response, Valinskas removed four members of the TPP parliamentary group, including chairman of the group , from the party. Dinius, in response, called for an emergency session of the party presidium on the removal of Valinskas from the party.

Formation of the Christian Party

Valinskas' decision to remove four members of the party was ignored, and they, alongside the rest of the party's parliamentary group, left the party on their own accord on 13 August. Around the same time, both Valinskas and Dinius were targeted by rumors - Dinius and the remaining TPP parliamentary group were accused of being influenced by businessman Gediminas Žiemelis, who pushed for the group to claim the Ministry of Transport and Communications to support his private interests, while Valinskas was accused of ties with "the Doctors" (), an organized crime ring in Kaunas, led by . In light of these rumors, President Dalia Grybauskaitė demanded Valinskas' resignation from Speaker of the Seimas.

Valinskas refused to resign, in spite of pressure from coalition partners. On 15 September, the Seimas removed him from the position with 95 members voting in favor, and 20 against. Irena Degutienė was elected as the next Speaker.

After the vote, the "Oak" Parliamentary Group adopted the name National Resurrection Party Group, whereas the former National Resurrection Party Group renamed itself to Parliamentary Group "One Lithuania" (). It entered the opposition and merged with the Christian Conservative Social Union and the Lithuanian Party of Christian Democracy in January 2010 to form the Christian Party.

Disbandment and aftermath
After the loss of the Christian Party deputies, the remaining members of the TPP began preparing for a merger with the Liberal and Centre Union, and formed a joint group in the Seimas. Initially, the Liberal Movement was also considered for unification, but it refused to merge with the LiCS. In April 2010, Remigijus Vilkaitis was expelled from the party and it delegated Valinskas as their candidate for Minister of Culture, but, after the candidate was criticized by the President, it delegated  instead.

TPP and LiCS announced their full merger on 22 September 2011, and it was completed on 10 December. A new program was drafted which affirmed commitment to responsible liberalism and the party's intent to represent a "third way" in Lithuanian politics. Some members (e. g. Rokas Žilinskas) joined the Homeland Union instead.

Almost all members of the Seimas elected on the party's list in 2008 were not reelected in the 2012 Lithuanian parliamentary election. Both the Christian Party and the Liberal and Centre Union won no seats in the election, and merged into different parties - the Christian Party merged with the Labour Party in 2013, while the Liberal and Centre Union merged with YES (itself a split from the LiCS) in 2014 and ultimately with the Order and Justice party to form Freedom and Justice in 2020.

Political positions
The TPP has been described as a centre, centre-right or populist political party. Its program in the 2008 Lithuanian parliamentary election was a word play on the Ten Commandments without any commitment to policy:
 Thou shall have no other homeland but Lithuania.
 Thou shall spread the name of Lithuania wherever you are.
 Thou shall enlighten the youth, because they are the future of the homeland and the nation.
 Thou shall respect the elders, because they paved the way for you.
 Thou shall work for the good of yourself and the homeland on weekdays.
 Thou shall not kill, steal, ask for someone else's property, or tell lies.
 Thou shall love each person as yourself.
 Thou shall live healthy, because a healthy soul is in a healthy body.
 Thou shall raise your spirit to new heights, help resurrect others.
 Thou shall take care of the Earth, because it nourishes and is the only one that will survive you.

It has been described as a personalist party of Arūnas Valinskas, with no political positions of its own.

In 2009, the party adopted a new program, which defined it as a party of the centre that "reconciles the left-wing principle of equality and the right-wing principle of liberty". It affirmed its support for dual citizenship, returning sovereignty to the people, and free-market economics. The concluding sentences of the program invoked both God and the Kantian categorical imperative, asking for their support. During the campaign for the 2009 European Parliament election in Lithuania, the TPP expressed its opposition to further European integration, calling for a "Europe of nations", and criticized lack of transparency in the institutions of the European Union.

Election results

Seimas

European Parliament

References

External links
  Official website

Defunct political parties in Lithuania
Defunct liberal political parties
Liberal parties in Lithuania
Political parties established in 2008
Political parties disestablished in 2011
2008 establishments in Lithuania


Jinta may refer to:

Jinta County, county in Jiuquan, Gansu, China
Phanuwat Jinta (born 1987), Thai footballer
The name Jinta means "a true friend"


The 1996 Southwestern Bell Cotton Bowl Classic was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 1996, at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas. This was the 60th held game. The Cotton Bowl Classic was part of the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season. The bowl game featured the Colorado Buffaloes from the Big Eight and the Oregon Ducks from the Pacific-10 Conference. The game was televised on CBS.

Game summary
Colorado had only a 13–6 halftime lead, but the Buffs scored 25 straight points in the second half while also shutting out Oregon.

References

Cotton Bowl Classic
Cotton Bowl Classic
Colorado Buffaloes football bowl games
Oregon Ducks football bowl games
January 1996 sports events in the United States
1996 in sports in Texas
1990s in Dallas
1996 in Texas


Alexander Robertson & Sons was a boatyard in Sandbank, Argyll and Bute, Scotland, from 1876 to 1980. The yard was located on the shore of the Holy Loch, not far from the Royal Clyde Yacht Club (RCYC) at Hunters Quay, in the building that is now the Royal Marine Hotel, which was the epicentre of early Clyde yachting. Alexander Robertson started repairing boats in a small workshop at Sandbank in 1876, and went on to become one of the foremost wooden boatbuilders on Scotland's River Clyde.  The "golden years" of Robertson's yard were in the early 1900s, when it started building some of the first IYRU 12mR & 15mR (Metre Class) racing yachts. Robertson's was well known for the quality of its workmanship and was chosen to build the first 15-metre yacht designed by William Fife III (Shimna, 1907). More than 55 boats were built by Robertson's in preparation for the First World War and the yard remained busy even during the Great Depression in the 1930s as many wealthy businessmen developed a passion for yacht racing on the Clyde. During World War II the yard was devoted to Admiralty work, producing a wide range of large high-speed Fairmile Marine Motor Boats. After the war, the yard built the successful one-class Loch Longs and two 12-metre challengers for the America's Cup: Sceptre (1958) and Sovereign (1964).  Due to difficult business conditions, the Robertson family sold the yard in 1965, and it was turned over to glass-reinforced plastic production work until it closed in 1980. During its 104-year history, Robertson's Yard built 482 numbered boats, many of which are still sailing today.

History of Robertson's Yard

Alexander Robertson (1851-1937)

Alexander Robertson, the son of a crofter/fisherman from Tarskavaig on the Isle of Skye, was born in Inverkip on 29 August 1851.  Following the catastrophic potato blight on Skye in 1846, Alexander's father left Tarskavaig to seek a better life fishing on the River Clyde. After his parents moved to Sandbank in 1859 to run the village Post Office, his father taught him to sail and look after boats. He then served his apprenticeship as a boatbuilder in Dunoon and Govan.  In 1876, at the age of 25, he teamed up with Daniel Kerr to build small boats at his workshop in Sandbank.  The partnership was dissolved in 1878, and Robertson went on to acquire larger premises in order to expand the business.  He initially designed many of the yachts and launches himself, but in later years used many leading designers of the day to carry out work on the larger boats.  Robertson remained chairman of the company until 1935, two years before his death.

Robertson not only provided a significant source of employment in Sandbank, but he also played an important part in the local community.  He made notable contributions in a number of areas, including: Argyll County Councillor, representing Cowal; Parish Councillor; justice of the peace; member of the school board; director of Dunoon District Cottage Hospital; on the board of management of the Parish Church and he was also responsible for organising many social gatherings in the village hall.  He also took a very keen interest in yacht racing in the Holy Loch, even in his later years.

Early years

By the age of 16, Robertson had started work as an apprentice with the Dunoon boatbuilder Ewen Sutherland, who came from a family of boatbuilders in Portree on the Isle of Skye. After his initial training, further experience was acquired at Alexander Stephen and Sons Ltd. of Linthouse, one of the main Govan yards. In 1876, Robertson, at the age of 25, teamed up with Daniel Kerr to form Robertson & Kerr, Boat Builders and Carpenters.  The initial boats built in their small workshop were modest 'clinker' craft and fishing skiffs, but they also carried out repairs, hired and stored boats, laid moorings and even earned money from fishing. This workshop was located in the grounds of his parents' Post Office (now Eckvale) near the old primary school. On 17 October 1878, the Robertson & Kerr partnership was dissolved when Daniel Kerr accepted a job with the Clyde Lighthouse Trust.

Robertson continued working at the small workshop for several years, for the most part repairing boats.  As business was booming he began looking for larger premises and found an old distillery site (owned by Dugald McKinley, 1825–1833) with around  of land, ample supplies of fresh water and good access to the sea.  The land was purchased in 1879 and the first shed constructed in 1880.  By 1887 the first phase of development of the site had been completed, and Robertson had the largest number of yachts (47) under his charge of any yard in Scotland.  Construction of a slipway, to launch larger boats (greater than 25 ft), was held up for several years (1887–1892) because of the proposed plans to build the Clyde Ardrishaig and Crinan Railway, which would have passed through the yard.

Golden years

A proper boat-numbering system was introduced at the new 'distillery' site in 1889 and every detail relating to cost was recorded in large ledgers.  Boat No 1 was a  cutter designed by Robertson for John Dobbie of Dunoon, named Cowal Lass.  Boat No 3 was the Fairlie, a  cutter designed by William Fife III for A. Currie of Sandbank in 1890.  (This was the start of a long relationship with the famous Fife yard at Fairlie, and over the years Robertsons built eleven Fife-designed yachts.) A  cutter, Verve, designed by George Lennox Watson in 1892, was the first of many to be built at the yard. The 1894  G L Watson designed Gaff cutter Camilla is the oldest known Robertson yacht still sailing, and is based at Rhu. The Alfred Mylne-designed boats did not commence until 1900, with two , 19/24 Clyde class sloops, the Valmai and the Susette. The Mylne family owned the  Mylne-Robertson cutter Medea (Ex Vladimir) for over thirty years.

In April 1893, Robertson leased an acre of land on the "foreshore and seabed" from the Board of Trade for a period of 31 years, with a rent of £2 per annum.  Permission included the rights to extend the yard and build a slip, dock and wharf.  The new slipway and pier were built in 1893, in time for wintering the boats at the end of the season.  With an estimated cost of £4,000 to £5,000, this was one of the most important investments in Clyde yachting.  The new slipway allowed boats greater than  to be built and launched, and was considered one of the best in the land.  It was reported in the New York Times, on 14 December 1895, that "In Robertson's yard, Sandbank, Clyde, about 100 craft have been taken ashore for the Winter...".  This confirms the significant growth of the business as a result of the new slipway.

The yard became renowned for its quality tenders which were built for large steamships launched further up the river.  It appears that the first such order was for a set of four boats for Mr Ninian B Stewart's new  steel steam screw schooner Maria, designed by G L Watson, and built in 1896. (No Yard Number for boats, no yard reference. Source: Yachtsman magazine, 5 March 1896).

By 1900 most of the infrastructure required for the production of high-calibre wooden boats was in place: pier, slipway, sawmills, workshops, building-sheds, stores, paint shop, engine house, sail loft and workers' houses.

Elrhuna, a  sloop was designed by Alexander in 1904, and due to the quality of the wood and sound construction she still races. Elrhuna (Boat No 35) is the oldest yacht still sailing which was both designed and built by Alexander Robertson. She was referred to as the "Wee Britannia" after the Royal Yacht Britannia, due to her graceful lines and sleek black hull.

The first of many motor boats were built in 1905, among them a luxurious  teak-built 'carvel' motor launch ordered for the S Y Nahma, which was the last boat designed by George Lennox Watson. The development of early steam boats by Alexander provided the necessary expertise to build 7 steam-powered launches for the Admiralty in the years leading up to World War I.

When the exciting new 'Metre' class of racing yacht was introduced in 1907 competition became fierce and every year vast sums of money were spent by wealthy enthusiasts to have the latest, fastest, and most beautiful yacht on the Clyde. These were the golden years of the yard, during which they built some of the earliest metre-class classic racing yachts: 15-metre Shimna (later Slec) (Willian Fife III, 1907); 15-metre Tritonia (later Jeano, Cisne Branco and Albatroz - Alfred Mylne, 1910), 12-metre Heatherbell (Thomas Glen-Coats, 1907) - Heatherbell represented Finland in the 1912 Helsinki Summer Olympics; 12-metre Cyra (Alfred Mylne, 1909) - note : renamed Arcula around 1934 and destroyed by the Wehrmacht 1943 or 1944 who killed the owner Frits Johannsen (DK); 10-metre Pampero (1912); 8-metre Novena (1908); 5-metre Mungo (1908).

Robertson's Yard was exceptionally busy in 1908.  As well as four racing yachts, one large motor launch and several tenders under construction, they had plenty of hollow-spar work and major modifications to the yacht Susanne.  The yard employed seventy men and they had to work overtime to keep up with the ambitious building programme.  Many alterations were made to the yard and they had a new building shed with  headroom and a  moulding-loft.  The yard was now capable of building yachts of any size, and it was hoped some 23-metre work would follow.

Robertson was a rather astute businessman so, as the yard was booming in the early 1900s, he began buying up properties along the shore of the Holy Loch to stop other boat yards being built.

The wars
Over 55 boats were built by Robertson's in preparation for the First World War, and after the war the yard started to diversify and fit-out larger yachts. The company had been run by Robertson for many years, but now three of his sons were helping to run the family business. In 1922 Robertson decided to re-structure the organisation so it could be operated without him in the future. Alexander Robertson & Sons (Yachtbuilders) Limited was formally established on 5 August 1922 to "carry out all aspects of designing, building and repair of yachts, sale of yachts and sail making". Four of Robertson's sons helped to run the business in later years: Archibald; Alexander (Alec); Donald; and George. The fifth son James trained as a Naval Architect and worked for Lloyd's Register of Shipping, making a significant contribution to the restoration of the famous tea clipper Cutty Sark, which is proudly on display in London.

Robertson's Yard was now looking for a new designer and by the end of 1929 David Boyd had replied to an advertisement in the Glasgow Herald.  In 1937 he designed the sleek 6-metre racing yacht Circe, which was described by many as the most successful racing yacht ever produced by the yard.  J. Herbert Thom, one of the Clyde's best helmsmen sailed the yacht with tremendous success in America in 1938 and brought back the 'Seawanhaka Cup', which was successfully defended in home waters the following year. Circe was considered such an advanced design that in 1952 she represented Russia in the Helsinki Summer Olympics.

Archibald Robertson was the senior director in the company and destined to take over operation of the yard before he died in November 1929. Alexander remained chairman of the company until June 1935, when he was 84. Even after that he maintained a keen interest in the operation and was often first at the yard in the morning to see the men get started. He died on 15 February 1937 at the family home, 'Tarskavaig', named after the small crofting village on the Isle of Skye.

The first order for a lifeboat from the Royal National Lifeboat Institute (RNLI) was secured by the yard in 1935. The Charlotte Elizabeth was the first motor-powered lifeboat launched in Scotland, and was later stationed in Port Askaig, Islay: she now lies abandoned by Thurso Harbour in Caithness (correct as of 13 Jun 2009).

The Sir Arthur Rose was proudly displayed in the RNLI pavilion at the 1938 Empire Exhibition in Bellahouston Park, Glasgow between May and October. The lifeboat was officially named by Mrs F.O. Laing, daughter of Sir Arthur, on 11 August 1939 and sailed to the Isle of Iona for blessing on the same day.  Orders for a total of 11 lifeboats were received, several of which came back for regular servicing.

During the 1930s many gigs (or tenders) were built for larger boats launched further up the Clyde, among them the SY Nahlin.  A luxury  motor launch was built for the owner of the SY Nahlin, along with a motor tender for the crew, two lifeboats and two dinghies.  During the renovation of the S Y Nahlin, by the new owner Sir James Dyson, a new owner's launch was built from the original plans in 2009, and the crew's launch was rebuilt in 2008 by Henwood & Dean of Henley-on-Thames.

Several larger boats were also built during this impressive pre-war period: Caretta,  twin screw motor launch designed by Messrs G L Watson in 1927;  Ron,  ketch designed by J A McCallum in 1928;  Southern Cross,  ketch designed by G L Watson in 1930;  Zigeuner,  yawl designed by David Boyd in 1935.

The specially fitted-out 'oceangoing' cruiser  Southern Cross left Robertson's Yard on 26 October 1930 and set sail on a 3-year round-the-world trip, arriving at Brisbane in October 1931.  On the return leg her owner, the tobacco heir D Guthrie Dunn who was a member of the RCYC, was lost overboard near St Helena.  The yacht was brought back to Robertson's Yard by a new crew on 8 July 1933, where she was refitted and sold on. D Guthrie Dunn's cousin Miss E Mathieson donated a silver model of Southern Cross to the Ayr Yacht Club around 1965 which was used as a trophy for the famous Ailsa Craig offshore yacht race.  This sturdy cruiser is still sailing in the Mediterranean and based near Barcelona.

During the Second World War the yard was devoted to Admiralty work.  A total of 23 fast Fairmile Marine motor boats were launched during the war: Fairmile A motor launch,  triple screw (1); Fairmile B motor launch,  twin screw (7); Fairmile C motor gun boat,  triple screw (3); Fairmile D motor torpedo boat,  quadruple screw (12).  Some of the boats returned for servicing during the war, and many others were repaired or modified for the Admiralty.

A number of Robertson-built Fairmile boats had distinguished war records: ML-160 was lead vessel in the starboard column during Operation Chariot, the St Nazaire Raid on the heavily defended German dry dock and naval base in March 1942; many of the boats took part in Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy; and several of these high speed launches were engaged in top secret operations in the Mediterranean. MTB 625 and MTB 653 were built for the Royal Norwegian Navy and famously took part in the secretive 30th MTB Flotilla operations out of Lerwick. MTB 718 was launched at the yard in 1944 as part of the secretive 15th Motor Gun Boat Flotilla operating out of Dartmouth and carried out clandestine operations in France and Norway towards the end of the war. The crew named their boat Lone Wolf because most of her top secret operations were carried out independently.

Sailing in the Clyde area was restricted during the war, although the Holy Loch appears to have been an unrestricted area in March 1940.  The Clyde racing fleet did not make its official appearance after the war until 25 May 1946.  Due to the shortage of materials the cost of building a new yacht had increased by 50% between 1939 and 1945.

Winds of change
Boatbuilding and yachting in particular changed direction dramatically after the war.  Larger boats with crews all but disappeared and they were gradually replaced by more economical cruising and racing yachts.  The 'one-off' design/building work that the yard specialised in was replaced by 'one-design' yachts, which began with Uffa Fox's Flying Fifteens in 1948 and the successful Loch Longs in 1949.

In September 1956 a Royal Yacht Squadron syndicate was formed to build a 12-metre for the 1958 America's Cup. The challenger was selected based on model tank testing and David Boyd's second design was chosen.  In October 1957 Sceptre was beginning to take shape at Robertson's yard in Sandbank. She was officially launched on 2 April 1958. Some initial testing took place in the Holy Loch, but more extensive trials were carried out in the Solent before she was shipped to America. The Sceptre lost to the New York Yacht Club yacht Columbia in September 1958.

The luxuriously appointed  Lone Fox was built in early 1957, in the same shed as Sceptre, and was Colonel W. H. (Bill) Whitbread's personal yacht for a quarter of a century. Colonel Whitbread was head of the well-known brewery firm, and sponsor of the famous round-the-world race. She later won many races in California, and competed regularly in the Caribbean Classic yacht races. Lone Fox took top honours in the 2011 Antigua Classic Regatta winning; class, fleet, and fastest overall boat. Duran Duran presented the Panerai Trophy to Lone Fox for fastest time in the 2012 Antigua Classic Sailing Regatta.

During the late 1950s major business problems started to appear, and during a slow period the yard found work building fast launches for the RAF. They undertook fixed-price contracts for two 63-foot General Service Mk 1 Pinnaces, but delays, design changes and escalating cost of materials put the yard in financial difficulties. At the AGM held on 4 June 1963, discussion took place regarding the adverse outcomes of these contracts, and it was agreed efforts should be made to sell the yard.

Shortly before Sovereign was laid down, Robertson & Sons produced one of the finest Loch Long One Design Class yachts, Ariel, number 87. Which was referred to in the Glasgow Herald in 1993.

David Boyd was again chosen to design a new 12-metre challenger for the 1964 Americas Cup. The Sovereign was launched on 6 June 1963, but by August the Royal Thames Yacht Club Committee was anxious about her performance and David Boyd was asked to design another boat similar to Sovereign, which was named Kurrewa V. Before the two yachts left British waters they conducted trial races in May/June 1964 and the Sovereign was officially selected as the challenger. Although the New York Yacht Club yacht Constellation won the America's Cup off Newport, Rhode Island, Sovereign was much admired for her graceful lines and teak deck.

In addition to the financial losses building the two RAF Pinnaces, the much anticipated work following the three high-profile 12-metre projects failed to materialize. The Robertson family finally sold the yard in 1965 for £27,750, and it became a subsidiary of the Auchinleck Investment Co of Glasgow (comprising a syndicate of 5 well-known Clyde yachtsmen), essentially ending wooden boatbuilding there.

GRP production
The prototype for the new fibreglass Piper Class yacht, Sandpiper, was built in wood at the beginning of 1966 and competed in the famous Clyde Week regatta that summer.

The yard continued to operate for a further 14 years assembling a wide range of GRP (fibreglass) boats such as Pipers, Ohlsons, Etchells and Pilot Launches. Dennis Healey's ill-conceived increase in VAT from 8% to 25% on luxury goods in 1974 had a disastrous effect on yachting.  Even though this punitive tax was reduced to 12.5% in 1976 the damage was irreparable and many small boatyards went out of business. The rising cost of oil and resin along with strong competition from the more established GRP yards down south finally brought boatbuilding to a close in 1980. Buildings in the lower yard were finally pulled down in the late 1980s, and the site was levelled for re-development. All that was left of the original yard was the slipway and the boats that were once launched from it. Houses have now been built in the upper yard, and the lower yard site became incorporated in the new Holy Loch Marina development during 2009.

Alexander Robertson Legacy
Alexander Robertson's contribution to the world of yacht-building and yachting is perhaps best summed up by the various newspaper tributes paid to him following his death in 1937:

 "Mr Robertson’s success in the yachting world had been won because he laid down the first rule that everything that went out of his yard must be of the very best".

 "Not only was he eminent as a designer and builder of yachts, but he also took an active part in the sport of yachting, especially in his younger years".

 "He has left an enduring monument to his memory in the yacht-building yard which is the creation of his genius; the permanent result of his courage and industry".

 "The men who worked at the yard were among the finest craftsmen in the world. They were not just boat-builders but artists in wood".

 "Today Robertsons of Sandbank is a household word in the world of yachting and yacht-building".

The beautiful yachts, still sailing, are a lasting testament to the vision of Alexander Robertson, the skill of his craftsmen, the expertise of the Clyde's finest designers and the dedication of owners who have managed to preserve their traditional yachts for the enjoyment of future generations.

Tables - boats and designers
A total of 482 numbered boats (1889-1980) were built at the yard, according to the yard build-book.  However, in addition, around 200 smaller boats (mostly under 15 ft) were also built: fishing skiffs; rowing boats; sailing dinghies; tenders (gigs); sailing lifeboats; motorised lifeboats.

Classic wooden boats
A wide range of Classic Wooden Boats were built at Robertson's Yard.

In addition to the series of Classic Boats above, there were many 'one-off' Classic Boats which were built at Robertson's Yard.

Designers (wooden boats)

Robertson's Yard built boats were designed by many famous naval architects throughout its history, among them, David Boyd who joined the yard in 1929.

Note - The above counts for Alexander Robertson and David Boyd are probably understated - some of their boat designs were attributed to 'the builder', by Lloyd's Register.

GRP boats
The table provides a summary of the main classes of GRP boats fitted-out (hull purchased elsewhere), or built at the yard.

Classic wooden Robertson boats still sailing.

This section has been included to provide an up to date list of all wooden boats that are still sailing or undergoing/awaiting restoration.

Key : c = cruising yacht, r = racing yacht, m = motor boat, o = other

Robertson's Yard time line - key events
The table provides a time line for key events in the history of the yard.

Yachting history - emergence of the Clyde and Robertsons Yard
This section provides a brief history of yachting in the UK and attempts to put the emergence of the Clyde and the story of Robertson's Yard in context.

During the early part of the 17th century sailing for 'private pleasure' began in the Netherlands. However, it was only after King Charles II of England returned from exile in the Netherlands in 1660, and was presented with a yacht named Mary, did sailing begin on the Thames.  Prior to this time the word 'yacht' was completely unknown in England. The first yacht race, which was patronised by the royal court, took place on the Thames in 1662. It is believed that due to Royal connections, private sailing started to become popular in Cork during the late 17th century.  The first yacht club in the world, 'The Water Club of the Harbour of Cork', was established in 1720. This famous club was subsequently reformed and went on to become the Royal Cork Yacht Club in 1831.

In the 18th century yachting in Britain was a very much an exclusive sport enjoyed only by the very rich, aristocrats and Royalty. From the middle to the end of the 18th century some races took place, but yachting developed very slowly.

During the 19th century yachting became a much less exclusive sport.  Although there were only a few yachts over 35 tons at the start of the century, the British yacht fleet increased dramatically from around 50 in 1812, to 500 in 1850 and 2,200 by 1902.

The first yacht club in England was formed out of the Cumberland Society fleet in 1775 and went on to become the Royal Thames Yacht Club in 1830. The Yacht Club of Cowes was founded in 1815, which became the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1833.  Regular weekly races were being organised at Cowes from 1826.  Although yachting started on the Thames, the Solent became a much more popular venue by the middle of the 19th century.  The first American yacht arrived in Cowes in 1851, which heralded the start of sailing as an international sport, and was a precursor to the America's Cup.

The first yacht club on the Clyde was the Northern Yacht Club, which appeared in 1824 and received its Royal Warrant in 1831.  The club was founded to organise and encourage the sport, and by 1825 Scottish and Irish clubs were racing against each other on the Clyde. However, it was not until 1856 and the foundation of the Clyde Model Yacht Club (which later became the Royal Clyde Yacht Club) that regular weekly races took place.  The Royal Yacht Club became a driving force of Clyde yachting, as three leading designers: William Fife III, George Lennox Watson and Alfred Mylne were among their members.  The two senior clubs on the Clyde, the Royal Northern and the Royal Clyde, were amalgamated in 1978 to become the Royal Northern and Clyde Yacht Club.

The first recorded Clyde racing yacht, a 46-ton cutter, was built by Scotts of Greenock in 1803. Scottish yacht designer William Fife started designing yachts as early as 1807, but his first large yacht Lamlash, a 50-ton yawl, was not completed until 1812.  This was the first Scottish yacht to cruise in the Mediterranean.

The rapid growth of Glasgow as an industrial city at the beginning of the 19th century was a direct result of an early project to deepen the Clyde, which was completed in 1812. The Industrial Revolution and growing overseas trade brought great wealth to the region.   Many wealthy industrialists bought houses along the coast, away from all the pollution of the big cities, and developed a great passion for yachting.

However, yacht building and yachting didn't really take off on the Clyde until the middle of the 19th century.  During the 1850s' the new sailing clubs were very active and William Fife & Sons dramatically increased the rate of building yachts at Fairlie from 2 to 5 per year.  During the 1860s' the yard had become well established and building increased from 5 to 9 yachts every year.  By the end of the century a series of yachts had been designed specifically for sailing on the Clyde: 17/19; 19/24;  restricted.

The creation of the International Yacht Racing Union and the International Rule in 1907 provided a big boost to yacht building in the early part of the 20th century, and prior to World War I, the British yachting fleet had grown to around 3,900.  The emergence of a group of talented Clyde yacht designers such as William Fife III, George Lennox Watson, Alfred Mylne, James McGruer and David Boyd in the first half of the 20th century firmly established the pre-eminent position of Clyde yachts on the high seas. The River Clyde became, like Cowes and Kiel, a centre for yachting.

References
Specific

General
'The Robertson Boat-Builders of Skye', by D Hutchison, the origin of the boat-building Robertsons from Sandbank, Clan Donnachaidh Annual 2012
'The Royal Clyde Yacht Club', by David Hutchison, History Scotland Magazine, October 2017
Lloyd's Register of Yachts: register of yachts 1878–1980; historical research service.
National Register of Archives (NRA). Robertsons Yard documents and information held at the Argyll & Bute Council Archives in Lochgilphead.
Robertsons Yard 'Slip Boat List', access kindly provided by Peter Collyer.
'The Yachtsman', yachting magazine, 1891–1915.
National Library of Scotland (NLS), newspapers and company archives
Argyll & Bute Library HQ, Sandbank, Argyll, Scotland. Local studies, history and research.
Lifeboat information, RNLI Heritage Trust
History of the Pipers, Piper One Design website
The Piper Calls the Tune - the story of David Boyd and his Piper One design by Euan Ross & Bob Donaldson, 2016.
History of the Loch Longs, 'Loch Longs, the first fifty years', by John McMurtie,
RAF marine craft research, Terry Holthan co-author of RAF Marine Craft Directories.
History of the Robertson built Fairmile MLs/MGBs/MTBs, World Naval Ships Forums website
'Fast and Bonnie - A History of William Fife & Son Yachtbuilders', by May Fife McCallum, 2002.
'Sandbank War and Peace – a Scottish Village 1914-1948', by Ann Galliard 2005, Argyll Publishing
'Sandbank - Our Village', produced and published by Sandbank Community Council, 1996.
'Sandbank - Life and Times of the Village by the Holy Loch', by Ann Galliard 2009.
'Centenary of Sandbank Yachtbuilding 1876-1976', The Cowal Watchman special centenary edition, December 1976.
'Fond Memories of a Bygone Age', article about the closure of the yard, Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard, 20 Feb 1993.
Robertson's Yard display board at the Castle House Museum, Dunoon
Robertson family private archives.

External links
National Register of Historic Ships

Yachts
British boat builders
Yacht design firms
Manufacturing companies of Scotland
America's Cup yacht builders
Companies based in Argyll and Bute
Manufacturing companies established in 1876
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1980
1876 establishments in Scotland
1980 disestablishments in Scotland
British companies established in 1876
British companies disestablished in 1980


The list of Greek players that either play or have played in the  National Basketball Association (NBA):

Currently active NBA players

Former NBA players

Drafted but did not play in the NBA

All the drafted players

NBA champions

Former NBA All-Star Game participants

Former NBA All-Star Game Contest participants

See also
 NBA draft
 List of National Basketball Association players by country

External links
 International players who have played in the NBA
 International players who have been drafted but have never played in the NBA
 Superbasket.gr list
 E-tipos.com
 Doubleteam.wordpress.com

Nba
Nba
Greek Nba


HMS Investigator was a wooden paddle survey vessel of the Royal Navy, built to carry out an expedition on the Gabon River in Africa.

Investigator was laid down on 15 June 1861 at Deptford and was launched on 16 November 1861. She was initially commanded by Lieutenant Benjamin Langlois Lefroy off the west coast of Africa. On 1 September 1863, Lieutenant Commander William Digby Dolben of  Investigator drowned while crossing the bar of Lagos when the gig, a four-oar whaler, was swamped. He was succeeded by Lt Charles Knowles, later Vice Admiral Sir Charles Knowles, 4th baronet whose expedition August–October 1864 up the Niger was published in the Royal Geographical Society Journal in January 1865. He was succeeded by George Truman Morrell in 1865, under whose command she sailed up the River Niger, making contact with local tribes. In 1867, she ran aground in the River Niger and came under attack from hostile inhabitants, who were armed with cannon. Two of her crew were killed. She was refloated after 11 days and taken in to Lagos in a severely damaged condition. Investigator was sold to the local authorities at Lagos in 1869.

References

Lyon, David and Winfield, Rif, The Sail and Steam Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889, pub Chatham, 2004,

Survey vessels of the Royal Navy
1861 ships
Maritime incidents in 1867


Walton Academy, formerly Walton Girls' High School is a co-ed secondary school, in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. It is situated in the south-west of the town near the A607 junction with the A1. The school accepts approximately 135 girls a year. In September 2019, the school saw its first boys enter in year 7, previously boys were only in the sixth form.

History
The school opened on its present site in 1966, with construction started in 1964. It took its name after one of the early townships of Grantham - Spittlegate, Houghton, and Walton. It was known as Walton Girls' County Secondary School and was the third purpose-built new secondary school to open in Grantham.

Walton was formerly the Girls' Central School on Agnes Street, off Castlegate. The equivalent Boys' Central School became the co-educational Central School at Manthorpe, in 1978. The former Girls' Central School building, between Agnes Street and Castlegate, became the Stepping Stones Nursery, an annex of Grantham College.

The Girls' Central School was not a secondary modern school, and required a good result in the eleven-plus exam to be admitted. It was similar to a technical school in its admittance procedure. When a new site for the school was planned, the site's position was supported by parents, provided it remained single sex.

On 14 October 1977 the school hosted BBC Radio 4's Any Questions? - the first time it had been staged in Grantham. The panel host was David Jacobs, and the guests were Sally Oppenheim, Austin Mitchell (newly elected MP for Grimsby), Steve Race (originally from Lincoln) and the author Alan Garner.

The school became a specialist school in Performing Arts in 2002. It was awarded a second specialism in Applied Learning in December 2006, and a third, Languages, in April 2009. The school became eligible to apply to have a sixth form, and the first sixth form students started in September 2008.

Sixth form
The school had initially had a small sixth form, for under 20 girls, teaching Art, English and Biology at A level. A sixth form building, incorporating a theatre, was officially opened in June 2010.

Headteachers
Previous head teachers include Rosalind Gulson OBE. She received her OBE in the 2006 New Year Honours.
 Rosalind Gulson OBE 1983-2011
 Marian Isaac (1917-2005) 1969-83
 Nina Hewitt 1966-69

School site
Facilities, on a single site, include a sports field.

Additions to the original school building include a Modern Foreign Language block, a maths block of two classrooms, a suite of four maths classrooms and a design technology laboratory , a suite of four specialist Science laboratories, a purpose built Performing Arts studio and PE changing rooms.

Curriculum
The curriculum at Key Stage 3 for 11- to 14-year-old pupils covers the National Curriculum subjects. For English, Mathematics and Science pupils are taught in ability groups, as is French in Year 8 and Year 9. Ability groups are reviewed annually and changes are made in each pupil's best interest following a review of her work.

Design Technology includes separate courses in Food. Art includes disciplines of Drawing and Painting, and Textiles. Walton's course of study for 14- to 16-year-olds at Key Stage 4 has a number of GCSE examination subjects which have to be taken by all: English (including English Literature), Mathematics, Science, Citizenship, Religious Studies and ICT. Pupils also take core Physical Education and Careers Education, which are not examined. The pupils also choose other subjects to add to this core. English, Mathematics and Science are taught in ability groups; all other subjects are taught to mixed ability groups. Subjects vary slightly from year to year.

The Sixth Form teaches both BTEC and GCE 'A' Level subjects, some of which run in collaboration with the town's grammar schools.

Extra-curricular activities
Pupils take musical and artistic activities, sport, where they compete with local regional teams, and participate in a Maths Challenge, Young Enterprise scheme, public speaking and citizenship events. Visits at home and abroad help Languages, History and PE study.

Academic performance
Walton, like many girls' schools, performs better academically at GCSE than many comparable coeducational schools. The school gains GCSE results better than most comprehensive schools in Lincolnshire, and is only surpassed some comprehensives in rural areas.

References

External links
 Official website
 Radio Club on the BBC
 Ofsted report
 EduBase
 Foundation school prior to 2011

Educational institutions established in 1966
Girls' schools in Lincolnshire
Schools in Grantham
1966 establishments in England
Secondary schools in Lincolnshire
Academies in Lincolnshire


Miguashaiidae is an extinct family of prehistoric coelacanth fishes which lived during the Devonian period.

See also
 List of prehistoric bony fish

References

Prehistoric lobe-finned fish families
Devonian bony fish
Devonian first appearances
Devonian extinctions


Sabancı Merkez Camii () in Adana is the second largest mosque in Turkey. The exterior of the mosque (and its interior decoration) is similar to the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, though it has six minarets, similar to the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque) in Istanbul.

The mosque, which went into service in 1998, was constructed upon a confiscated Armenian cemetery. It is built on a total of  of land and has a closed area of .

Sabancı Central Mosque was built jointly by Turkish Religious Foundation and Sabanci Foundation. The proprietorship of the mosque belongs to Adana Religious Affairs Foundation and its usage rights have been transferred to Adana Provincial Office of Mufti.

Architecture
Sabancı Central Mosque is built on the intersection of the main arteries, railway lines and roads that connect Adana to the surrounding cities and towns, has almost become the symbol of the city with its high minarets visible from almost anywhere in the city. The Mosque, which has a capacity to offer service to 28,500 people, is famous for being one of the biggest mosques in the Middle East.

Located on the banks of Seyhan River, Sabancı Central Mosque has a majestic structure with 6 minarets. There are eight pillars carrying the main dome that has a diameter of . The height of the main dome is  from floor level. The four minarets, which are adjacent to the main building are each  high and the other two minarets located at the semi-enclosed porch are each  high.

The Mosque has all facilities including 4 classrooms, 10 itikaf rooms, rooms of imam and muezzin, discussion rooms and the fountain.

All of the calligraphic works in the Mosque belong to the Calligrapher Huseyin Kutlu. The tile work of the Mosque has been done by using Iznik tile work technique. Four big panels facing Kiblah are the world's biggest mosque panels in size.

All painting and tile patterns in the Mosque belong to Architect Nakkas M. Semih Irtes. The niche, pulpit, platform, entrance and other doors are all made of marble and they have been designed in the style that is seen in classical Ottoman mosques and have been built by Nihat Kartal.

The wooden doors were built in "kundekari" style by Ahmet Yılçay, all stained glass works were made by Abdülkadir Aydin and "mukarnas" works were produced by Ali Turan.

The minarets have been built as armoured concrete which was produced by mixing white cement and crushed stone of ivory color.

The internal and external illumination projects and inner sound system projects belong to Philips. Additionally, with the central radio system built in the minaret with elevator and realized by Aselsan, sermons are made available to 275 mosques located within an area of  diameter by central broadcast system.

On the west side of the Mosque, there is a classical and a digital library as a separate annex, open for researchers and the public.

Honey sherbet is offered at Sebil Fountain on special religious days.

Gallery

See also
 Islamic architecture
 List of mosques
 Seljuk architecture
 Ottoman architecture
 Islamic architecture
 Islam in Turkey

References

1998 establishments in Turkey
Mosques in Adana
Mosque buildings with domes
Mosques completed in 1998
20th-century religious buildings and structures in Turkey


The Communauté de communes Saâne et Vienne (CCSV) is a former intercommunality in the Seine-Maritime département of the Normandy region of north-western France. It was created in January 2002. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Terroir de Caux in January 2017.

Participants
The Communauté de communes comprised the following communes:

Ambrumesnil
Auppegard
Auzouville-sur-Saâne
Avremesnil
Bacqueville-en-Caux
Biville-la-Rivière
Brachy
Gonnetot
Greuville
Gruchet-Saint-Siméon
Gueures
Hermanville
Lamberville
Lammerville
Lestanville
Longueil
Luneray
Omonville
Ouville-la-Rivière
Quiberville
Rainfreville
Royville
Saâne-Saint-Just
Saint-Denis-d'Aclon
Saint-Mards
Saint-Ouen-le-Mauger
Saint-Pierre-Bénouville
Sassetot-le-Malgardé
Thil-Manneville
Tocqueville-en-Caux
Vénestanville

See also
Communes of the Seine-Maritime department

References

Saane et Vienne


Alajos Drávecz () (29 November 1866 – 28 August 1915) was a Slovenian ethnologist and writer.

Born in Rábatótfalu (now Szentgotthárd). His parents were István Drávecz and Rozália Korpics. The young Drávecz and his wife emigrated to the USA, then came back to Hungary, and settled down in Rábakethely (now Szentgotthárd).
In 1915 Drávecz joined the forces and call out in North-Hungary (Slovakia), later in Moravia. He was killed in Lipník nad Bečvou, near Olomouc.

Drávecz  noted down the Slovene popular costume in the Luca day, and the Andrew day, and folk songs.

His work
 Národna vera i navade v vési

See also
 List of Slovene writers and poets in Hungary
 Hungarian Slovenes

References
 Francek Mukič - Marija Kozar: Slovensko Porabje, Mohorjeva družba, Celje 1982.

1866 births
1915 deaths
People from Szentgotthárd
Slovenian writers and poets in Hungary
Slovenian ethnologists
Austro-Hungarian military personnel killed in World War I
Writers from Austria-Hungary


Arūnas Valinskas (born 28 November 1966 in Lazdijai) is a Lithuanian showman, TV producer, TV show host and politician. As the leader of the National Resurrection Party, he was elected to the Seimas, Lithuanian parliament, in the 2008 Lithuanian parliamentary election. Valinskas is married to a Lithuanian singer and TV show host Inga Valinskienė and has two sons Arūnas and Šarūnas. In 2002 he was granted a master's degree in law at Vilnius University.

Career as entertainer
In the 1990s, Valinskas began his acting and hosting career. He is the creator of several famous TV shows in Lithuania such as Taip ir Ne (Litpolinter TV), Arena (BTV), Dviračio šou (both BTV and LNK), and popular reality-competition shows such as Miss Captivity Pageant (LNK) and Kelias į žvaigždes (LNK) and Žvaigždžių vartai (TV3). He has hosted many concerts and shows including Šeši nuliai – milijonas (LNK). In 2012 he came back to show business with restored TV show Taip ir Ne.

Many Litnuanian stars, including Radži, Berneen, Vilija Matačiūnaitė, Vudis became known after appearing in his shows.

Political career
Valinskas founded the National Resurrection Party in 2008 before the election to the Seimas. He was the Speaker of the Seimas from 17 November 2008 to 15 September 2009. Valinskas declared as a candidate for the 2009 Lithuanian presidential elections, but withdrew before the election. In 2011 National Resurrection Party merged to the Liberal and Centre Union.

Controversies

Feuds
Disagreements between an LNK journalist at the time Rūta Janutienė and Arūnas Valinskas originated in 2008, when during a live broadcast Janutienė openly questioned Valinskas' wealth and income declaration as well as his debt in a sarcastic demeanor, and she asked whether Valinskas is "running for Seimas [Lithuanian Parliament] because of bankruptcy?" To this he responded by saying: "It is probably you who is going bankrupt if you're hosting such shows that don't fit you. You're short of money, perhaps?" This discussion escalated drastically between the two until the politician pointed out that Janutienė criticized his wife―Inga Valinskienė―for having "a prostitute-like image" in a magazine, and raised a rhetorical question: "Where is it worse being a prostitute―in a photo or in journalism?" Valinskas also accused her of working for the President of Lithuania Rolandas Paksas who faced impeachment and thus had to step down back in 2004.

In 2020, a Polish-Lithuanian politician and an activist for Polish minorities Valdemar Tomaševski sued Valinskas after the latter suggested executing him and others alike by shooting, saying: "Tomaševski is an absolute Colorado beetle [a pest] who is antistate despite getting financial support from the Lithuanian State Budget. Such as he should be executed by shooting, for no particular reason. One a year. Starting with him." However, the Lithuanian Prosecutor's Office stated that the thoughts expressed by Valinskas are not a crime. Valinskas later responded to the outburst by saying: "This [the statement about execution by shooting] was just a scenic humorous statement by using subjunctive mood without any encouragement to take actual measures. It was a vivid expression of my opinion about this 'political figure'."

References

External links
Biography

1966 births
Living people
Television talk show hosts
Television producers
Speakers of the Seimas
Lithuanian television presenters
Vilnius University alumni
People from Lazdijai
21st-century Lithuanian politicians


Amos Joseph Griffin Purdy (September 4 or 5, 1825 – September 1904) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Cumberland County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1867 to 1871 and in 1874 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Westchester, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, the son of David Purdy and Mary Griffin, and the grandson of Gabriel Purdy, a United Empire Loyalist. He was educated at the Sackville Academy. In 1855 or 1856, he married Elizabeth A. Atkinson / Aitkenson (1832–1892) with whom he had nine children. Purdy served as census commissioner for the province in 1870. He was elected to the provincial assembly a second time in 1874 but resigned his seat in March 1875.

References

1825 births
1904 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia


Jacob Andreas Michelsen (17 August 1821 – 12 October 1902) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician, also known as the father of Christian Michelsen.

He was the son of Tollach Michelsen, a manual labourer with roots in the Egersund district. Tollach's wife Madsi Magdalena Eide (died 1829) came from the same social background.

In June 1855 he married Caroline Sophie Ernstine Kjerschow. Their son was the later Norwegian Prime Minister Christian Michelsen. Christian Michelsen was named after Jacob's father-in-law, bishop Peder Christian Hersleb Kjerschow.

Michelsen worked himself up from the modest social background. A businessman, he was awarded burghership in 1847. He was a grain trader, wine grocerer and consul, stock exchange commissioner from 1870 to 1902 and bank director from 1870. He served as mayor of Bergen from 1865 to 1866 and 1876 to 1878. He was elected from his city to the Norwegian Parliament in 1868 and 1871.

He died in 1902, three years before his son became Prime Minister.

References

1821 births
1902 deaths
Members of the Storting
Mayors of Bergen
Norwegian businesspeople


Banke Bihari Temple is a Hindu temple situated in the town of Vrindavan, Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The temple is dedicated to Banke Bihari who is believed to be the combined form of Radha and Krishna. Banke Bihari was originally worshipped at Nidhivan, Vrindavan. Later, when Banke Bihari temple was constructed around 1864, the icon of Banke Bihari was moved to new temple.

In Banke Bihari temple, the icon of Radha Krishna's united form stands in the Tribhanga posture. Swami Haridas originally worshipped this murti under the name of Kunj Bihari which means the one who enjoys in the groves or Kunj of Vrindavan.

History

The idol of Banke Bihari is believed to be the combined form of the divine couple Radha Krishna. The idol was manifested by Vrindavan musician and saint Swami Haridas who was believed to be the incarnation of Lalita gopi, a close associate of Radha Krishna in their celestial abode Goloka. Swami Haridas was the guru of the famous singer Tansen.

According to the popular belief, once on the request of his disciples, Swami Haridas sang the following verse in Nidhivan in the praise of divine couple Shyama Shyam (Radha Krishna).

On listening the verse, the celestial couple Shyama-Shyam (Radha Krishna) appeared in front of him and at the request of Swami Haridas, the divine couple merged into one and the stone image of Banke Bihari appeared in front of him. The idol was named Kunj Bihari or Banke Bihari by Swami Haridas and later the same idol was shifted from Nidhivan to Banke Bihari temple, Vrindavan.

In scriptures

'Bānke' means 'bent', and 'Bihāri' or 'Vihāri' means 'enjoyer'. This is how Kṛiṣhṇa, who is bent in three places, got the name "Bānke Bihāri". According to Śrī Brahma-saḿhitā (verse 5.31), Brahma says the following about Kṛishna

"I worship Govinda, the primeval Lord, round whose neck is swinging a garland of flowers beautified with the moon-locket, whose two hands are adorned with the flute and jewelled ornaments, who always revels in pastimes of love, whose graceful threefold-bending form of Śyāmasundara is eternally manifest."

Rituals

In Banke Bihari temple, Banke Bihari is worshiped in the form of a small child. Thus, no early morning aarti is performed and no bells are hanged anywhere inside the temple premises as it may create the disturbance to Banke Bihari. Only on the occasion of Krishna Janmashtami, mangala aarti (early morning aarti) is performed. Curtains are drawn closed repeatedly in every five minutes to avoid the uninterrupted darshan of Banke Bihari as according to the popular belief if darshans are not interrupted, Banke bihari may accompany devotees to their homes, leaving temple empty. Only once a year, Banke Bihari holds the flute in his hands which is on the occasion of Sharad Purnima.

Gallery

See also
Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan
Nidhivan, Vrindavan
Radha Raman Temple, Vrindavan
Radha Rani Temple, Barsana
Radha Damodar Temple, Vrindavan
Radha Madan Mohan Temple, Vrindavan

References

External links
 Official website
 Shri Bankey Bihari Temple -thedivineindia.com
 Official Banke Bihari Temple Online Darshan Registration
 Banke Bihari Meaning-theagranews.com

Krishna temples
Radha Krishna temples
Hindu temples in Mathura district
Vrindavan