Jeremiah Horrocks (16183 January 1641), sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox (the Latinised version that he used on the Emmanuel College register and in his Latin manuscripts), was an English astronomer. He was the first person to demonstrate that the Moon moved around the Earth in an elliptical orbit; and he was the only person to predict the transit of Venus of 1639, an event which he and his friend William Crabtree were the only two people to observe and record. Most remarkably, Horrocks correctly asserted that Jupiter was accelerating in its orbit while Saturn was slowing and interpreted this as due to mutual gravitational interaction, thereby demonstrating that gravity's actions were not limited to the Earth, Sun, and Moon.

His early death and the chaos of the English Civil War nearly caused the loss to science of his treatise on the transit, Venus in sole visa; but for this and his other work he is acknowledged as one of the founding fathers of British astronomy.

Early life and education
Jeremiah Horrocks was born at Lower Lodge Farm in Toxteth Park, a former royal deer park near Liverpool, Lancashire. His father James had moved to Toxteth Park to be apprenticed to Thomas Aspinwall, a watchmaker, and subsequently married his master's daughter Mary. Both families were well educated Puritans; the Horrocks sent their younger sons to the University of Cambridge and the Aspinwalls favoured Oxford. For their unorthodox beliefs the Puritans were excluded from public office, which tended to push them towards other callings; by 1600 the Aspinwalls had become a successful family of watchmakers. Jeremiah was introduced early to astronomy; his boyhood chores included measuring the local noon used to set local clocks, and his Puritan upbringing instilled an enduring suspicion of astrology, witchcraft and magic.

In 1632 Horrocks matriculated at Emmanuel College at the University of Cambridge as a sizar. At Cambridge he associated with the mathematician John Wallis and the platonist John Worthington. At that time he was one of only a few at Cambridge to accept Copernicus's revolutionary heliocentric theory, and he studied the works of Johannes Kepler, Tycho Brahe and others.

In 1635, for reasons not clear, Horrocks left Cambridge without graduating. Marston suggests that he may have needed to defer the extra cost this entailed until he was employed, whilst Aughton speculates that he may have failed his exams due to concentrating too much on his own interests, or that he did not want to take Anglican orders, and so a degree was of limited use to him.

Astronomical observations
Now committed to the study of astronomy, Horrocks began to collect astronomical books and equipment; by 1638 he owned the best telescope he could find. Liverpool was a seafaring town so navigational instruments such as the astrolabe and cross staff were easy to find. But there was no market for the very specialised astronomical instruments he needed, so his only option was to make his own. He was well placed to do this; his father and uncles were watchmakers with expertise in creating precise instruments. Apparently he helped with the family business by day and, in return, the watchmakers in his family supported his vocation by assisting in the design and construction of instruments to study the stars at night.

Horrocks owned a three-foot radius astronomicus – a cross staff with movable sights used to measure the angle between two stars – but by January 1637 he had reached the limitations of this instrument and so built a larger and higher precision version. While a youth he read most of the astronomical treatises of his day and marked their weaknesses; by the age of seventeen he was suggesting new lines of research.

Tradition has it that after he left home he supported himself by holding a curacy in Much Hoole, near Preston in Lancashire, but there is little evidence for this. According to local tradition in Much Hoole, he lived at Carr House, within the Bank Hall Estate, Bretherton. Carr House was a substantial property owned by the Stones family who were prosperous farmers and merchants, and Horrocks was probably a tutor for the Stones' children.

Lunar research
Horrocks was the first to demonstrate that the Moon moved in an elliptical path around the Earth, and he posited that comets followed elliptical orbits. He supported his theories by analogy to the motions of a conical pendulum, noting that after a plumb bob was drawn back and released it followed an elliptical path, and that its major axis rotated in the direction of revolution as did the apsides of the Moon's orbit. He anticipated Isaac Newton in suggesting the influence of the Sun as well as the Earth on the Moon's orbit. In the Principia Newton acknowledged Horrocks's work in relation to his theory of lunar motion. In the final months of his life Horrocks made detailed studies of tides in attempting to explain the nature of lunar causation of tidal movements.

Transit of Venus

In 1627, Johannes Kepler had published his Rudolphine Tables and two years later he published extracts from the tables in his pamphlet De raris mirisque Anni 1631 which included an admonitio ad astronomos (warning to astronomers) concerning a transit of Mercury in 1631 and transits of Venus in 1631 and 1761. Horrocks' own observations, combined with those of his friend and correspondent William Crabtree, had convinced him that Kepler's Rudolphine tables, although more accurate than the commonly used tables produced by Philip Van Lansberg, were still in need of some correction. Kepler's tables had predicted a near-miss of a transit of Venus in 1639 but, having made his own observations of Venus for years, Horrocks predicted a transit would indeed occur.

Horrocks made a simple helioscope by focusing the image of the Sun through a telescope onto a plane surface, whereby an image of the Sun could be safely observed. From his location in Much Hoole he calculated the transit would begin at approximately 3:00 pm on 24 November 1639, Julian calendar (or 4 December in the Gregorian calendar). The weather was cloudy but he first observed the tiny black shadow of Venus crossing the Sun at about 3:15 pm; and he continued to observe for half an hour until the Sun set. The 1639 transit was also observed by William Crabtree from his home in Broughton near Manchester.

Horrocks' observations allowed him to make a well-informed guess as to the size of Venus—previously thought to be larger and closer to Earth—and to estimate the distance between the Earth and the Sun, now known as the astronomical unit (AU). His figure of 95 million kilometres (59 million miles, 0.63 AU) was far from the 150 million kilometres (93 million miles) known today, but it was more accurate than any suggested up to that time.

A treatise by Horrocks on the study of the transit, Venus in sole visa (Venus seen on the Sun), was later published by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius at his own expense; it caused great excitement when revealed to members of the Royal Society in 1662, some 20 years after it was written. It presented Horrocks' enthusiastic and romantic nature, including humorous comments and passages of original poetry. When speaking of the century separating Venusian transits, he rhapsodised:

"                       ...Thy return
Posterity shall witness; years must roll
Away, but then at length the splendid sight
Again shall greet our distant children's eyes."

It was a time of great uncertainty in astronomy, when the world's astronomers could not agree amongst themselves and theologians fulminated against claims that contradicted Scripture. Horrocks, although a pious young man, came down firmly on the side of scientific determinism.
It is wrong to hold the most noble Science of the Stars guilty of uncertainty on account of some people's uncertain observations. Through no fault of its own it suffers these complaints which arise from the uncertainty and error not of the celestial motions but of human observations . . . I do not consider that any imperfections in the motions of the stars have so far been detected, nor do I believe that they are ever to be found. Far be it from me to allow that God has created the heavenly bodies more imperfectly than man has observed them.  – Jeremiah Horrocks

Death
Horrocks returned to Toxteth Park sometime in mid-1640 and died suddenly from unknown causes on 3 January 1641, at the age of 22. As expressed by Crabtree, "What an incalculable loss!" He has been described as a bridge which connected Newton with Copernicus, Galileo, Brahe and Kepler.

It is believed that Horrocks was buried at Toxteth Unitarian Chapel, but there is seemingly no proof of this.

Legacy

Horrocks is remembered on a plaque in Westminster Abbey and the lunar crater Horrocks is named after him. In 1859 a marble tablet and stained-glass windows commemorating him were installed in the Parish Church of St Michael, Much Hoole. Toxteth Unitarian Chapel contains a memorial plaque commemorating his achievements. Horrocks Avenue in Garston, Liverpool, is also named after him.

In 1927, the Jeremiah Horrocks Observatory was built at Moor Park, Preston.

The 2012 transit of Venus was marked by a celebration held in the church at Much Hoole, which was streamed live worldwide on the NASA website.

Horrocks and the transit of Venus feature in an episode ("Dark Matter") of the British television series Lewis.

In 2011, a sculpture by Andy Plant, titled Heaven and Earth, was installed at Dock Head in Liverpool to celebrate Horrock's work on the transit of Venus. It consists of a telescope looking at a working orrery which has the planet Venus replaced by a figure of the astronomer depicted as an angel.

In 2023 a new play, Horrox on Horrocks' short life and overlooked achievements, by playwright David Sear, was staged in Cambridge’s ADC Theatre from 28 March to 1 April as part of the Cambridge festival.

Jeremiah Horrocks Institute
The Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Astrophysics and Supercomputing was established in 1993 at the University of Central Lancashire. In 2012 it was renamed the Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Chasing Venus, Observing the Transits of Venus Smithsonian Institution Libraries
 BBC report: Celebrating Horrocks' half hour
 Horrocks memorial in Westminster Abbey

 Jeremiah Horrocks Institute

1618 births
1641 deaths
17th-century English astronomers
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Scientists from Liverpool
17th-century English mathematicians
Toxteth
Transit of Venus


Kota Shahbandar is a small town in Rompin District, Pahang, Malaysia. Malaysia Federal Route 11 passes through the town.

References

Rompin District
Towns in Pahang


Spodnje Vetrno (; in older sources also Spodnje Veterne, ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links
Spodnje Vetrno on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


The Eurovision Young Dancers 2011 was the twelfth edition of the Eurovision Young Dancers, held at the  Dance House in Oslo, Norway on 24 June 2011. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), dancers from ten countries participated in the televised final.  and Kosovo made their début while  and  returned. Seven countries that took part in the previous edition decided not to participate. This was the first edition to be successfully held since , following cancellations in 2009 and 2007.

The event was aimed at young dancers aged between 15 and 21, competing in modern dances, be it solo or in couples, as long as they were not professionally engaged. Daniel Sarr of Norway won the contest, with Petra Zupančić of Slovenia placing second (runner-up).

Location

Dansens Hus (English: Dance House) in Oslo, Norway was the host venue for the 2011 edition of the Eurovision Young Dancers.

Format
The format is revamped in 2011 to include a 'final duel' round, with the semi-finals removed due to the low number of participating countries. The televised prime time show consists of dancers who are non-professional and between the ages of 16–21, competing in a performance of dance routines of their choice, which they have prepared in advance of the competition. All of the acts then take part in a choreographed group dance during 'Young Dancers Week'.

Presenters
Erik Solbakken was the host of the 2011 contest. Solbakken previously hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, alongside Haddy Jatou N'jie and Nadia Hasnaoui.

Jury panel
Jury members of a professional aspect and representing the elements of ballet, contemporary, and modern dancing styles, score each of the competing individual and group dance routines. Once all the jury votes have been counted, the two participants which received the highest total of points progress to a final round. The final round consists of a 90-second 'dual', were each of the finalists perform a 45-second random dance-off routine. The overall winner upon completion of the final dances is chosen by the professional jury members.

The jury members consisted of the following:
  – Michael Nunn
  – William Trevitt
  – Fredrik Rydman
  – Ilze Liepa

Participants

Results

Final duel

Broadcasting
The contest was broadcast by the following broadcasters:

See also
 Eurovision Song Contest 2011
 Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011

References

External links

Eurovision Young Dancers by year
2011 in Norway
June 2011 events in Europe
Events in Oslo
2010s in Oslo


Vadiče () is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links

Vadiče on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


WJKW (95.9 FM) is a radio station  broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Athens, Ohio, United States.  The station is currently owned by Christian Faith Broadcast.

References

External links

JKW


WKOV-FM (96.7 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format.  Licensed to Oak Hill, Ohio, United States, it serves the Jackson, Ohio area.  The station is currently owned by Jackson County Broadcasting. The station formerly carried a hot adult contemporary format as "Star 96.7", later "Mix 96.7".

Previous logo

References

External links

WKOV Mix 96.7 FM on Facebook

Jackson County, Ohio
KOV-FM


The Peshtera Hydro Power Plant (before 1992: Kimon Georgiev Hydro Power Plant) is an active underground hydro power plant in Peshtera, Bulgaria, part of the Batak Hydropower Cascade. It has 5 individual Pelton turbines which can deliver up to 128 MW of power.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Bulgaria
Buildings and structures in Pazardzhik Province


WKSD (99.7 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a locally produced Classic Hits format.  Licensed to Paulding, Ohio, United States, the station is currently owned by First Family Broadcasting and features news programming from ABC Radio.

History
The station went on the air as WKSD on June 7, 1989.  On April 10, 1992, the station changed its call sign to WERT-FM, and on September 6, 1996, changed back to the original WKSD.

WKSD serves as a sister station to WERT (AM) 1220 kHz in neighboring Van Wert.

The original WERT-FM at 98.9 in Van Wert is now WBYR, now a Fort Wayne market station and no longer co-owned with WERT. That station has since changed its city of license to Woodburn, Indiana.

References

External links

KSD
Radio stations established in 1989


The Tsankov Kamak Hydroelectric Power Plant, also Tsankov Kamak HPP, comprises an arch dam and hydroelectric power plant (HPP) in Tsankov Kamak, southwestern Bulgaria. It is situated on the Vacha River in Smolyan Province, on the borders of Pazardzhik Province and Plovdiv Province, roughly  southwest of Plovdiv and downstream (north) of the town of Devin. It is a part of the Dospat-Vacha cascade development of the Vacha River involving five dams and power stations within the Devin municipality,   southeast of Sofia. The other four dams are Dospat Dam, Teshel Dam, the Vacha Dam and the Krichim Dam.

The Tsankov Kamak dam is the first double curvature arch dam in cupola shape in Bulgaria. It has a maximum dam height of . It is the second in the cascade series from the upstream end, and the last to be developed. Apart from power generation, the other objectives of the five projects are use of water resources for irrigation, drinking and household water supply. While the cascade development started in 1958, construction of the Kamak power plant started on 29 April 2004 and was completed in 2011.
Initial estimated cost of the project was Euro 220 million financed by many banks and equipment manufacturers, including VA TECH Finance, Bank Austria Creditanstalt, BNP Paribas Fortis, Raiffeisen Zentralbank, Société Générale, and Credit Suisse First Boston. However, the final cost of the project has far outstripped the original estimates due to topography, geology and also possible corruption, which were not assessed at the investigation stage of the project.

The carbon emission reduction due to building the Tsankov Kamak HPP is assessed at about 200,000 t CO2 (228,000 tons of СО2 including the four rehabilitation projects of the cascade). This credit is transferred to the Austrian carbon-credit program under the Joint Implementation Project mechanism which was agreed for the project within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol to partially meet the project costs. For the reduced emissions, Austria compensates Bulgaria at the rate US$10 per ton of carbon emissions. The Joint Implementation Project has two components, one is the Implementation of the Tsankov Kamak HPP and the other is the rehabilitation of the electro-mechanical components of the other four projects in the cascade development. Two more HPPs, the Vacha I and the Vacha II, with total installed capacity of 20.6 MW, are located in the lower part of the cascade.

Natural landscape
The Tsankov Kamak arch dam, associated works and the HPP station are located on the Vacha River, which is the second longest river in Bulgaria. It raises in the Rhodope hill ranges which borders Greece. It is situated on the borders of Smolyan Province, Pazardzhik Province and Plovdiv Province, roughly  southwest of Plovdiv and downstream (north) of the town of Devin. The dam site is located about  downstream of the confluence of the Vacha River and the Gashnya River, in the valley known as Gashnya Valley. The catchment area at the dam site is  and the annual flow is assessed to be approximately 650 million cubic metres with an average inflow of  per second. The dam has been designed for a gross storage of 111 million cubic metres.

The hydropower potential in the river between Sredna and Vacha had remained unexploited under the five dams development initiative, but is now utilized through the Tsankov Kamak project. The reservoir submergence is in rocky terrain, which is deforested and has unproductive vegetation. The catchment is highly rugged and mountainous with high altitudes, high watershed flats, deep ravines and large tectonic kettles. The upper and lower course of the river flows through deep cut banks.

In the narrow valley stretch of the Vacha River where the project is located, the geological formation consists of sound granites and gneissic formations except for a small patch of about , which is the fractured zone of mylonites, which was filled up with concrete. The dam’s rock foundation has seven types of rocks with elastic modules values varying from 12,000 MPa to 72,000 MPa and a Poisson’s ratio varying between 0.24 and 0.27. The damping ratio of 10% for this foundation has been adopted in the dynamic analysis. The intake structure and the pressure tunnel pass through difficult geological formations. Due to this geological feature, particularly at the intake structure, an area of about  was required to be plugged in the Gashnia Valley.

Construction

The Natsionalna Elektricheska Kompania EAD (NEK EAD) was awarded the contract to the project in 2001, and in November 2003 they forwarded their plans to start construction of the project to the Government of Bulgaria. At the end of the year 2003,  Alpine Mayreder, an Austrian company, was awarded the civil works contract of the project. The equipment supply and installations were awarded to Austrian group of suppliers, Andritz Hydro for HEM – equipment and Pöyry Energy GmbH for engineering with Energoproekt Hydropower as a Bulgarian Co-designer of the project The project was financed by export and commercial credits, which were finalized in Vienna on 14 November 2003; the financial credit without any backup guarantee by the Government of Bulgaria. The total value of the financing contract was  roughly €220 million (€216 million has been specifically cited), with bank security provided by the Oesterreichische Kontrolbank Aktiengellschaft. The balance amount was financed by the commercial credits provided by VA TECH Finance, Bank Austria Creditanstalt, BNP Paribas Fortis, Raiffeisen Zentralbank, Société Générale, and Credit Suisse First Boston who organized the bank credits. Insurance coverage for the export credit of €100 million was provided by Coface of France; Hermes of Germany; EKN of Sweden and Egap of the Czech Republic apart from the Oesterreichische Kontrolbank Aktiengellschaft (OeKB) which has also covered political and the commercial risks.

Construction of the project was considered a challenge in view of the terrain and geologically weak structural region. The building of a new road of about   in difficult terrain, with frequent landslides and rockfalls, caused problems in road construction. This significantly increased the cost of the project up to roughly €500 million. Civil construction works involved six million cubic metres of excavation, two million cubic metres of filling, 850,000 cubic metres of batching and mixing of concrete and placing 100,000 anchors with a total combined length of about . Concreting was done in 3 metre lifts. A service road of 6 metres in width was built on top of the dam. Apart from the Christian Schild and 60 engineers of the Alpine Slovakia and contractors of civil engineering works of the project, some 1200 Bulgarian workers were involved in its construction at one point. Work was carried out continuously, involving 535,000 cubic metres of concrete delivered by a crane of 26 tons capacity, which was erected across the river over the dam. The concreting of the dam began in October 2007 and was completed in January 2010.

Project features

Dam

The double curved arch dam is  in height with a reservoir water spread area of . It has four spillway blocks designed for a maximum flood discharge of /sec, each provided with radial gates, and has a pressure shaft of  in width and  in length which is steel lined and bifurcated at the lower end to feed the turbines from the intake on the upstream on the left bank of the dam. It feeds two units of 40 MW capacity turbine generators (Francis Turbines) housed in a surface powerhouse, a tailrace channel of  length, and a balancing channel of  length. These features are elaborated further with relevant design details. It has gross storage capacity of 111 million cubic metres.

The Tsankov Kamak dam has a total length of 459.4 m and crest level of EL 688.50 m, with 22 cantilever blocks  which are "interconnected by a system of shear boxes", which are tangential to the axis at the crest, and the gravity blocks abut on the left and right banks. Horizontal sections of the arch dam are of parabolic shape with fixed thickness. A series of  thick shear key locks on both surfaces of each cantilever block are provided to achieve uniform distribution of shear force between the blocks. The dam width at the top is 8.8 metres and at the foundation the base is . The curved part of the arch dam is 340 metres in length and its chord length is  . The maximum reservoir water level is EL 685.00 m and the minimum draw down level is EL 670.00 m with a storage capacity of 41 million cubic metres.

The spillway has four bays located in the middle section of the dam controlled by radial gates of 8 m x 8 m size each designed to pass a 1 in 1000 year frequency flood of /sec, which raises the water level to EL 687.42 m (all gates open condition) thus allowing for a free board of   to top of the dam. The spillway energy dissipation chute has aeration baffle blocks. Over the dam height of 130.5 metres,  five galleries are provided in the body of the dam; the gallery at the bottom has been used initially for grouting of the foundation and for drainage and four horizontal inspection galleries at different elevations (at  interval).

The reservoir stretches over a surface area of  and a length of . The filling of the reservoir was started in June 2010 and completed over roughly 15 weeks. A reservoir management plan envisages fish farming and reservoir operation and maintenance along the periphery of the reservoir and its tributaries. Two bottom outlets in the form of steel pipes of  diameter, each of  length have been provided in the body of the dam which facilitates emptying of the reservoir in any emergency; it takes about 11–12 hours to empty the reservoir. The outlets have been provided with slide gate controls on the downstream end. The stilling basin of the spillway is also used for energy dissipation of the outflows from the bottom outlets.  The penstock/pressure shaft is in the form of a steel lined pressure shaft which is  diameter to carry a discharge of /sec for power generation. It is  in length (with 10% slope).) and bifurcates into two at the bottom end to feed two turbines, each of 40 MW capacity. Slope protection in the  long stretch of the reservoir spread (up to a surface area of ) also involved concreting to the extent of  to take care of draw down condition for operating the power stations of the cascade under two daily peaks in the morning and evening.

Power station
The surface power station at the end of pressure shafts has two units, each of 40 MW capacity (Francis turbines) operating under a gross head of  and an average net head is . The annual energy generation is about 185 GWh. This also has beneficial impact on other cascade development projects in the basin as the energy generation gets enhanced by a 48% increase. The power station is run as a peaking station with two peaks, one in the morning and the other in the evening. With the completion of the Tsankov Kamak HPP, and the rehabilitation of the other HPPs, and all stations connected to a common grid, the efficiency of the whole cascade is improved and energy production rose by a further 16 GWh per annum for the cascade.

The design output of Francis turbines is 41,171 kW each, the turbine speed is 428.6 r.p.m., the generator rating is 46 MVA, and generation voltage is 10.5 kV. An outdoor switch yard is provided next to the surface powerhouse with main two step up transformers of 50 MVA  rating and voltage ratio is 10.5/240 kV. The powerhouse is operated both under the remote control mode from the south regional dispatching control and automatically under the local control mode.

References

External links

 Hydro power project Tsankov Kamak
 Hydropower Station Tsankov Kamak - ALPINE BAU

Hydroelectric power stations in Bulgaria
Dams in Bulgaria
Arch dams
Buildings and structures in Smolyan Province


BPELscript is a language to specify BPEL processes.
It provides a compact syntax inspired by scripting languages such as JavaScript and Ruby and a full coverage of all features provided by BPEL.

History
The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) is an XML-based language to specify business processes with the intention to "act as the central controller of the business process". It provides a standardized way for programming in the large in a service-oriented world (SOA). BPEL is a programming language and does have a graphical representation. Mappings from graphical languages such as the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) to BPEL are available, but programmers familiar to syntax like Java, C, ... are disregarded. Therefore, especially for prototyping or teaching, it would be nice to have a programming language which omits the XML-overhead of BPEL but offers the same features as BPEL. One option is to force the programmers to learn a completely new syntax. The other option is to introduce a new syntax to BPEL.

Therefore, the "BPEL Simplified Syntax" called SimPEL was recommended by the Apache ODE Group, referring to the a mix of both options. However, SimPEL is not equivalent to BPEL and its aims of specifying business processes. In order to come up with an easy scripting syntax, BPELscript is introduced, referring to the second option. BPELscript forks directly from SimPEL aiming on big closeness to BPEL. In contrast to SimPEL, BPELscript supports all of BPELs constructs including the correlation.

BPELscript Design Goals
BPELscript provides:
 a compact syntax inspired by scripting languages such as JavaScript and Ruby
 the full coverage of all features provided by BPEL
 a translation from WS-BPEL 2.0
 a translation to WS-BPEL 2.0

See also
 Business Process Execution Language
 BPEL4People
 Business process management
 Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
 Web Services Conversation Language
 WS-CDL
 Workflow
 XML Process Definition Language
 Yet Another Workflow Language

References

External links
BPELscript Website
 www.BPELscript.org

Standards
 WS-BPEL 2.0
 OASIS WSBPEL TC Webpage

XML-based standards
Web service specifications
Workflow languages


The Aleko Hydro Power Plant is an active hydro power project near Aleko Konstantinovo, Bulgaria, which is part of the Batak Hydropower Cascade. It has 3 individual Francis turbines with an installed capacity of 66 MW of power.

References

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Bulgaria
Buildings and structures in Pazardzhik Province


Visoče () is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links

Visoče on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


The Dark Gate (or alternatively Dark Portal, Hungarian: Sötétkapu) is a tunnel located under the artificial slopes of Castle Hill near St. Adalbert's Basilica in Esztergom, Hungary.

The tunnel is 90 metres long and follows the line of the castle's former eastern walls. The entire tunnel is vaulted and built in Neo-classical style.

History
Construction of the Dark Gate started in 1824 by Alexander Rudnay, Archbishop of Esztergom, two years after the foundation stones of St. Adalbert's Basilica were laid. It became known as Dark Gate due to the lack of lighting. The main purpose of the tunnel was to directly connect the Canonic houses with the Seminary, but it also connects the Szentgyörgymező neighborhood with downtown Esztergom. Above the southern entrance, a Latin sign carved in red marble commemorates Archbishop Rudnay and the year of construction: "PRINCEPS PRIMAS ALEXANDER A RUDNA MDCCCXXIV" ("Prince Primate Alexander Rudnay 1824"). From both sides of the tunnel, a huge 3700 m2 wine cellar opens, where the wines of the Archdiocese of Esztergom were kept.

During the 1956 revolution, significant events occurred in Esztergom. On 26 October 1956, fourteen people died in the Dark Gate when a T-34 tank shot into a bus heading towards the seminary, which was used as a Russian military facility at the time.

The Dark Gate, the seminary, and its surroundings were completely renovated by 2006, the 150th anniversary of the dedication of the cathedral. Architectural lighting was added to both the basilica and the tunnel. One-way traffic is allowed from the seminary to downtown Esztergom.

Gallery

References
Komárom-Esztergom megye műemlékjegyzéke
Kovács László: Az 1956-os forradalom története Esztergomban
https://web.archive.org/web/20110520141422/http://www.privatbankar.hu/html/cikk/cikk.php?kommentar=25192

Tunnels in Hungary
Buildings and structures in Esztergom


Trematopidae is a family of dissorophoid temnospondyl spanning the late Carboniferous to the early Permian. Together with Dissorophidae, the family forms Olsoniformes, a clade comprising the medium-large terrestrial dissorophoids. Trematopids are known from numerous localities in North America, primarily in New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, and from the Bromacker quarry in Germany.

History of study
The clade Trematopidae was first proposed by American paleontologist S.W. Williston in 1910, although it was named as "Trematopsidae" following the historical (but inaccurate) derivation from the genus "Trematops" (now synonymized with Acheloma). British paleontologist D.M.S. Watson proposed a related clade in 1919, Achelomidae, for Acheloma, based on perceived differences separating the taxa; this is now considered a junior synonym of Trematopidae following guidelines of historical precedent.

19th century history
In 1882, American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope named Acheloma cumminsi based on material collected from the early Permian of Texas. This is technically the first trematopid to be named, although the holotype of Mordex calliprepes was named a year earlier as a species of Limnerpeton by Czech paleontologist Antonin Fritsch in 1881 (one year prior); the status of Mordex as a trematopid remained debated however until the revision by Milner (2018).

20th century history
In the first half of the 20th century, American paleontologist S.W. Williston named a new genus from the early Permian of Texas, Trematops. At the time, most workers regarded it as only distantly related to Cope's Acheloma. Two additional species of Trematops were named in short order, Trematops thomasi from Oklahoma, named by American paleontologist Maurice Mehl, and Trematops willistoni from Texas, named by American paleontologist E.C. Olson in 1941. Both are now regarded as junior synonyms of Acheloma cumminsi. Olson also named two species of Acheloma, A. whitei and A. pricei; both are now regarded as belonging to Phonerpeton. In the same paper that he named these taxa, Olson also provided the first review of the Trematopidae, synthesizing all of the known material and providing updated taxonomic frameworks.

The second half of the 20th century saw an increase in trematopid research. In 1956, Olson named a new genus and species of trematopid from the Vale Formation of Texas, Trematopsis seltini; this is now regarded as a junior synonym of the dissorophid Cacops aspidephorus. In 1969, American paleontologist Peter Vaughn described the first trematopid from New Mexico, Ecolsonia cutlerensis, named for the contemporaneous Olson and the Cutler Formation from which the holotype was collected. A re-description of this taxon based on substantial new material, was completed in 1985 by a team led by American paleontologist David Berman from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. In 1970, Olson named a new species of Trematops from the early Permian of Ohio, "Trematops stonei"; this is the only occurrence of Acheloma/Trematops outside of Texas and Oklahoma but is now accepted to be a junior synonym of Acheloma cumminsi. In 1973, American paleontologist Theodore Eaton named Actiobates peabodyi, the first and only trematopid from Kansas and the oldest trematopid in North America. Eaton also challenged the longstanding separation of trematopids and dissorophids, synonymizing them under Dissorophidae, but this has not been supported or maintained by subsequent workers. Additional material from the Garnett quarry where Actiobates was discovered, assigned to "Hesperoherpeton garnettense" may also belong to Actiobates. In 1974, American paleontologist John Bolt published two papers, one describing the first trematopid material from the fossil-rich site near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, and the a second exploring the function of the elongate naris in trematopids. In 1985, Olson described a purported larval specimen of a trematopid; this was subsequently challenged by Canadian paleontologist David Dilkes in 1991, and the specimen is now regarded to be an adult specimen of an amphibamiform dissorophoid. In 1987, the second trematopid from New Mexico, Anconastes vesperus, named for its discovery in El Cobre Canyon in western North America, was described by the same team of Berman, Reisz, and Eberth who described Ecolsonia. Also in 1987, Dilkes and Robert R. Reisz of the University of Toronto re-described the holotypes of Acheloma cumminsi and Trematops milleri and identified them as synonyms; A. cumminsi takes precedence, having been described first. In 1990, Dilkes named a new taxon of trematopid from the early Permian of Texas, Phonerpeton pricei. A study on developmental changes to the characteristic elongate naris of trematopids was undertaken using primarily material from Phonerpeton by Dilkes in 1993. In 1998, the first trematopid from Europe, Tambachia trogallas, from the early Permian Bromacker quarry in Germany was named by a team led by American paleontologist Stuart Sumida of California State University, San Bernardino.

21st century history
The 21st century has seen a renewed flurry of research into trematopids. In 2010, a team led by Berman described a new taxon from the late Carboniferous of Pennsylvania, Fedexia striegeli, named after the FedEx Corporation on whose land the holotype was found and after Adam Striegel, the discoverer. In 2011, another team led by Berman described a new taxon from the Bromacker quarry, Rotaryus gothae, named after the Rotary Club of Gotha's contributions to the excavation of the locality. Also in 2011, Canadian paleontologists Brendan Polley and Reisz named a new species of Acheloma from the early Permian Richards Spur locality in Oklahoma, Acheloma dunni, named for Brent Dunn, one of the collectors at the locality. A study examining development changes in this species was published the previous year by Canadian paleontologists Hillary C. Maddin, Jason S. Anderson, and Reisz, although the species name was not formalized by the time of that publication. In their 2014 review of the earlier temnospondyls, Schoch & Milner resurrected a second species of Phonerpeton, P. whitei, following Olson's original species distinctions. Data from the pes of Acheloma cumminsi was included in a broader survey of the carpus and tarsus in temnospondyls by Dilkes in 2015. In 2018, British paleontologist Andrew R. Milner revised the Nýřany trematopids, clarifying the complicated history of Mordex calliprepes and erecting a new taxon, Mattauschia laticeps. In 2019, a team led by American paleontologist Bryan M. Gee published the first description of computed tomography (CT) data of a trematopid in the form of a small specimen from the Richards Spur locality that they referred to cf. Acheloma.

Anatomy
Trematopids have typically been identified by the presence of a noticeably enlarged naris that is often sub-divided in Permian forms such as Acheloma. They are also among the largest of the dissorophoids, with some specimens of Acheloma exceeding 18 cm in skull length and thus being rivaled only by middle Permian dissorophids such as Anakamacops. Schoch & Milner (2014) diagnosed trematopids by the following features: (1) greatly expanded naris replacing much of the lacrimal; (2) medially situated narial flange meeting antorbital bar; (3) otic notch with a ventral margin sloping at less than 45-degrees in large individuals; (4) a medial inflection of the rim of the adductor fossa; (5) a pterygoid-vomer contact; (6) a triangular patch of denticles on the basal plate of the parasphenoid; and (7) a humerus with a supinator process. Milner (2018) further refined this based on his restudy of Mordex, including only characters 1, 3, and 5 from Schoch & Milner (2014), noting that some typical trematopid features are either not known or are not present in the primitive Mattauschia and Mordex.

The function of the naris remains largely unresolved. Olson (1941) suggested that the anterior half served the typical function of smell detection and that the posterior half housed some kind of gland. Bolt (1974) conjectured that the well-developed nasal flange was probably for distribution of stresses throughout the skull and might be a hallmark of terrestrial dissorophoids. He then suggested that there might be a gland related to salt excretion (the "glandula nasalis externa") that would produce the enlargement of the naris. Dilkes (1993) did not discount this hypothesis, but suggested alternatives, namely that the nasal flange and the expanded naris may have been for another physiological function, such as improving respiratory efficiency and water retention, an important attribute for a terrestrial amphibian to have. However, all of these hypotheses remain speculative in the absence of much complexity of the hard tissues surrounding the naris and given the relatively vague paleoecological information available for trematopids (e.g., diet).

Relationships
The placement of trematopids within Dissorophoidea has long been accepted, as has their close relationship to dissorophids, although Olsoniformes was not formalized until 2007. Ecolsonia and Mordex have been more uncertainly placed in their history of study, but both are now accepted as unequivocal trematopids. The two most recent phylogenetic analyses of Trematopidae are those by Berman et al. (2011) and Polley & Reisz (2011):

Topology of Berman et al. (2011):

Topology of Polley & Reisz (2011):

Gallery

References

Trematopids
Prehistoric amphibian families
Permian temnospondyls


Book Stacks Unlimited was an American online bookstore created by Charles M. Stack in 1992, three years before Jeff Bezos launched Amazon.com. Stack's store, selling new books, began as a dial-up bulletin board located in Cleveland. The Books.com website opened in 1994, eventually attracting a half million visitors each month.

History
Stack devised the concept in 1991, based on his personal fascination with reading and books, as he recalled in 1998:
I've always read a lot, so that was the germ of the idea. I'll pick a subject and read every book ever published on it. That's hard to do if you shop at a walk-in bookstore. Even the superstores don't have more than a couple of titles per topic. My dream was to have a bookstore that had every book ever published to feed my own habit.

Offering 500,000 titles, Book Stacks had 35 staffers who gave their book recommendations to visitors. Other features included a daily literary journal, summaries of new books, RealAudio interviews with authors and forums in which customers could ask questions and discuss books. Books could be searched by title, author, subject, keyword or ISBN number.

In 1996, Book Stacks became a wholly owned subsidiary of Cendant Corporation, a consumer services company based in Stamford, Connecticut, and previously known as CUC International. In 1997, Book Stacks became part of Cendant's virtual mall, netMarket, a one-stop Internet shopping site which included an online music store and an online video store, both operating from the Book Stacks offices in downtown Cleveland. The books.com url was subsequently sold to Barnes & Noble; www.books.com now redirects to www.barnesandnoble.com.

References

External links
Smart Business: "Visionary in Obscurity"

1991 establishments in Ohio
Book selling websites
Independent bookstores of the United States
Retail companies established in 1991
Defunct companies based in Cleveland
1997 disestablishments in Ohio
1996 mergers and acquisitions
Internet properties established in 1991
Internet properties disestablished in 1997
Retail companies disestablished in 1997


Carlos José Rodríguez Sequera (born January 28, 1979) is a Spanish former professional darts player.

Darts career
A noted soft-tip player, Rodríguez's first foray into the professional steel-tip darts scene was participating in the two PDPA Players Championship events in Gibraltar in January 2007; in the latter of these he placed in the last 16. Two months later, he would win the Gibraltar Open. Rodríguez then attempted to qualify for the BDO World Championship in November but failed, and in the same month he failed to make any headway in the World Masters.

In 2008 he decided to join the Professional Dart Players Association, enabling him to play in PDC events. Because he is based in Spain, he is unable to travel to every event on the PDC Pro Tour, however a couple of last 16 placings in Players Championship events and UK Open regionals meant he qualified for the UK Open, his first appearance on television. He entered at the last 96 stage, but was beaten 6-1 by Paul Cooper. In October, he tried to qualify for the 2008 Grand Slam of Darts but was defeated in the early rounds. Later that month however, Rodríguez began to finally make significant gains in the PDC. In the second of two Players Championship events in Scotland, he reached his first PDC quarter-final before being defeated by the eventual winner James Wade.

The run of form continued in October as Rodríguez reached the final of the German Darts Trophy, beating noted veterans Peter Manley and Kevin Painter 3-0 in the quarter-finals and semi-finals, before being defeated in a last leg decider by Colin Osborne. This performance guaranteed Rodríguez's place in the inaugural European Championship and the 2009 PDC World Championship. Less than a week later Rodríguez, in a major upset, defeated the world number five Terry Jenkins in the opening round of the 2008 European Championship, but lost to Ronnie Baxter in the next round.

Rodríguez began his 2009 PDC World Championship campaign with a 3-2 win over then world number 16 Roland Scholten of the Netherlands to safely carry him through the second round, but he was then beaten 1-4 by Painter. At the 2010 World Championship, he was defeated 0-3 by Steve Beaton in the first round.

He teamed up with Antonio Alcinas to represent Spain at the 2010 PDC World Cup of Darts. They defeated Japan in the first round, before knocking out the top seeds England (represented by the world's top two players, Phil Taylor and James Wade) 6–5 in the second round. In the group stage, they lost to Wales but defeated the United States and Scotland to qualify for the semi-finals, where they were whitewashed 0–4 by the Netherlands.

He partnered Alcinas again in the 2012 World Cup, but they could not repeat their success of 2010 as they were beaten 2–5 by South Africa in the first round. In the rest of 2012 his best results in ProTour events were runs to the last 64, which he did three times.

Rodriguez qualified for the 2013 World Championship by winning the West European Qualifying Event with a 6–5 victory over Stefan Couwenberg in the final. He lost to John Bowles by four legs to two in the preliminary round, as he hit just 14% of his darts at a double. After the tournament Rodriquez was ranked world number 111, meaning he had lost his place on the tour and therefore entered Q School in order to regain a tour card for PDC events in 2013. However, he could not advance past the last 64 on any of the four days and will not have automatic entry into any PDC event in 2013.

Rodríguez played with Antonio Alcinas for the third time in the World Cup of Darts and they qualified from Group D courtesy of a 5–3 win over Italy. They then repeated their 2010 shock win over the Scottish pair of Gary Anderson and Robert Thornton this time 5–4 and faced Richie Burnett and Mark Webster in the quarter-finals. Alcinas lost to Webster 3–4, but Rodríguez beat Burnett by the same scoreline to mean a doubles match was needed to settle the tie. Spain took an early 2–1 lead but went on to be defeated 2–4. In the second round of the 2014 edition of the event, Rodríguez and Alcinas lost their singles matches against the Dutch pair of Michael van Gerwen and Raymond van Barneveld to exit the tournament.

Rodríguez was beaten in the final of the 2016 Alcalas Open by Julio Barbero.

Rodríguez quit the PDC in January 2017.

World Championship results

PDC

 2009: Second round (lost to Kevin Painter 1–4)
 2010: First round (lost to Steve Beaton 0–3)
 2013: Preliminary round: (lost to John Bowles 2–4 in legs)

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Spanish darts players
British Darts Organisation players
Professional Darts Corporation former tour card holders
Sportspeople from Sabadell
PDC World Cup of Darts Spanish team


Zgornje Vetrno (; in older sources also Zgornje Veterne, ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links
Zgornje Vetrno on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


Wittgenstein’s Nephew is an autobiographical work by Thomas Bernhard, originally published in 1982. It is a recollection of the author's friendship with Paul Wittgenstein, the nephew of Ludwig Wittgenstein and a member of the wealthy Viennese Wittgenstein family. Paul suffers from an unnamed mental illness for which he is repeatedly hospitalized, paralleling Bernhard's own struggle with a chronic lung disease.

Synopsis

The author narrates moments of his friendship with Paul Wittgenstein, "nephew" (actually son of a first cousin) of the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (not to be confused with the latter's brother, the pianist Paul Wittgenstein). The title is a reference to Diderot's Rameau's Nephew who also deals with the eccentric nephew of a preeminent cultural figure. A very sensitive man, unsuitable for the world, obsessed by an exclusive and cruel passion for music as well as for race cars and sailing, Paul Wittgenstein dissipated his whole fortune and ultimately died poor.

Their friendship strengthened whilst both recovered in a hospital - Bernhard from a lung ailment and Paul from a bout of madness. The latter will die alone in an asylum, a victim of an incurable conflict with the world; whereas the former will succeed in controlling his own madness, emblem of that very conflict, and making it a lever for his sense of social living.

Through the narration of symptomatic episodes, Bernhard unravels the emptiness of Austrian society, its parasitic and vain aspects, spending its time to self-congratulate on fake recognitions and futile prizes with the same rhythm used to blather and drink coffee in the best Viennese cafés.

The author gives advice about the importance of literary prizes as the determining factor of artistic worth: "a prize is invariably only awarded by incompetent people who want to piss on your head and who do copiously piss on your head if you accept their prize."

References
 Bernhardiana, a Critical Anthology of Bernhard's works
 "An Introduction to Thomas Bernhard", by Thomas Cousineau (2001)
 The Novels of Thomas Bernhard by J.J. Long (2001)
 Bob Corbett's Comments on Wittgenstein's Nephew (2001)

1982 novels
Novels by Thomas Bernhard
Wittgenstein family


Richard Ellis (27 December 1865 – 6 September 1928) was a Welsh librarian and bibliographer, whose main work was to collect materials on the life and work of Edward Lhuyd.

Life
Ellis, the son of John Ellis from Aberystwyth, studied at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth from 1889 and won a scholarship to Jesus College, Oxford in 1893. Family reasons meant that he did not take up the place at Oxford until 1898; he was re-awarded a scholarship on the recommendation of the historian Reginald Lane-Poole.  He obtained his BA in 1902 and his MA in 1908.  His main research at Oxford and thereafter was the collection of material on the life and work of Edward Lhuyd.  Some of it was published in 1906/1907 in the Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion under the title Some incidents in the life of Edward Lhuyd.  His work was unfinished at his death, and he left his papers to the university library in Aberystwyth.

In 1907, Ellis was appointed to run the Welsh library at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, and in 1908 he was appointed the principal assistant to Sir John Ballinger, the first librarian of the National Library of Wales.  He was not happy in this post and returned to Oxford in 1912 with a research scholarship.  He also worked at the Codrington Library at All Souls College, Oxford, and was the only assistant librarian between 1916 and the end of the First World War.  In the early 1920s, Ellis returned to Oxford, making trips to Dublin and Oxford for his research.  It was on one of these visits to Oxford that he died in 1928; he was buried in Aberystwyth.

Works
Through his work on Lluyd, Ellis developed a knowledge of other Welshmen at Oxford.  This led to Facsimiles of Letters of Oxford Welshmen (the writers including Henry Vaughan, Sir Leoline Jenkins, Ellis Wynne, Edward Samuel and Moses Williams).  In 1904, he published An Elizabethan Broadside in the Welsh Language, being a Brief granted in 1591 to Sion Salusburi of Gwyddelwern, Merionethshire. He also wrote some poetry in English.

References

1865 births
1928 deaths
Alumni of Aberystwyth University
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People from Aberystwyth
Welsh librarians
20th-century Welsh historians
Welsh poets


Zvirče (; ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It has a population of 420.

References

External links

Zvirče on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


The Atlantic Gateway is a proposed transport project in Canada. It aims to take an integrated approach in developing transport infrastructure within Atlantic Canada to enhance Canada's ability to capture a larger share of growing trade flows between North America and Asia.

The federal minister responsible for the Atlantic Gateway is Lisa Raitt who took over from Keith Ashfield in July 2013. Peter MacKay had earlier held the portfolio until January 2010.

References

Proposed transport infrastructure in Canada


Neta Dobrin (, born 27 October 1975) is an Israeli former politician who briefly served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between February and April 2006.

Biography
Born in Safed, Dobrin gained a BA in education, sociology and anthropology at the University of Haifa, before studying for an MBA with the Israeli branch of the University of Derby. She also completed the first year of law studies at Sha'arei Mishpat College. Whilst at the University of Haifa, she was the representative for sociology students.

In 1998 she was elected onto Haifa city council, and chaired its committee for youth between 1998 and 2003, when she left the council. For the 2003 elections she was placed 32nd on the Labor Party's list, but missed out on a seat when the party won only 19 seats. However, she entered the Knesset on 15 February 2006 as a replacement for Orna Angel (who herself had only replaced Sofa Landver a week before). She lost her seat following the March 2006 elections.

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
20th-century Israeli women politicians
21st-century Israeli women politicians
Academic Center for Law and Science alumni
Alumni of the University of Derby
City councillors of Haifa
Israeli Jews
Israeli Labor Party politicians
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish women politicians
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
People from Safed
University of Haifa alumni
Women members of the Knesset


Wilson's Heart may refer to:

 Wilson's Heart (House), an episode of the American television series House
 Wilson's Heart (video game), a virtual reality game developed by Twisted Pixel Games


This is a list of the members of the Australian House of Representatives in the 22nd Australian Parliament, which was elected at the 1955 election on 10 December 1955. Three new seats were created (Bonython, Bruce and Stirling) and two were abolished (Hoddle and Martin). The incumbent Liberal Party of Australia led by Prime Minister of Australia Robert Menzies with coalition partner the Country Party led by Arthur Fadden won an additional eleven seats, defeating the Australian Labor Party led by Herbert Evatt, which lost ten seats.

Notes

References

Members of Australian parliaments by term
20th-century Australian politicians


Polyphème is an opera composed by Jean Cras with a libretto by Albert Samain. It was written by Cras during World War I and was premiered in Paris in 1922, giving Cras a burst of notoriety in the French press.

Content

Text

The text originated as a poetic drama written by Samain in the style of Maurice Maeterlinck. The title character is Polyphemus, who, according to Greek mythology, is the eldest Cyclops and son of Poseidon. It tells the well-known story of the attempt by Polyphemus (baritone) to steal Galatea (soprano) from Acis (tenor). In the original myth Polyphemus eventually rolls a rock onto the lovers, killing Acis. Samain humanized Polyphemus, who is portrayed as an oafish but sincere figure who is at ease with children but becomes awkward when trying to communicate with adults. There is no suggestion that he is not fully human (the text makes it clear that he has two eyes), but he is portrayed as a morose and solitary forest dweller who hopelessly yearns for love. Eventually he becomes aware of the feelings shared by the two lovers and, though he looms over them with a heavy boulder, decides not to crush them. Ultimately, the cyclops puts his eyes out like Oedipus and wanders into the sea to find death because the couple's happiness together horrifies him.

Composition

Cras encountered Samain's dramatic poem in 1910, ten years after its author's death. He adapted it by dividing it into four rather than the original two acts and slightly pruned the longer speeches. He described the work as a "lyric tragedy" rather than an opera, since there is very little action. The drama proceeds through a series of arcadian pastoral tableaus punctuated by Polyphème's long brooding soliloquies and his obsessive interrogations of Galatée's young brother Lycas.

Cras completed the music in 1914, working on the orchestration while serving in the French navy during the Adriatic campaign of World War I. The music is impressionistic, restless, and highly chromatic, in the spirit of Chausson and Duparc. Polyphème's depression is marked by the use of diminished seventh chords and tortuous figures. The influence of Debussy's La mer and his opera Pelléas et Mélisande is also noticeable, especially in the use of whole tone scales.

Premiere
The opera won the first Ville de Paris Prize in 1921, and was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris in December 1922. It was conducted by Albert Wolff and directed by Albert Carré. It was revived in 1924.

Roles
Polyphème - Baritone
Galatée - Soprano
Acis - Tenor
Lycas - Alto
Un sylvain - Tenor
Une nymphe - Soprano
Pan - (non singing)

Synopsis
Act 1: Nymphs and Swains celebrate the charms of nature. Polyphème feels alienated and embittered because the teenage Galatée no longer loves him as she did when she was a child. He asks Lycas, Galatée's young brother, to describe her feelings. Lycas laments that Galatée no longer plays with him, but spends her time with her lover Acis. Polyphème attempts to rekindle his relationship with Galatée by bringing her gifts, but realises that she has no feelings for him. He frightens her when he blurts out his intense love for her and tries to stop her leaving by force, but he finally lets her go.

Act 2: Galatée describes Polyphème's disturbing behaviour to Acis, who expresses his dislike of Polyphème. Galatée says he is to be pitied. The lovers canoodle together. Lycas tries to get the lovers to play with him, but they fob him off.

Act 3: Polyphème broods over his own isolation, and forces Lycas to describe the intimacy of the lovers. Polyphème's bitter obsession frightens Lycas, who pleads with him not to hurt Galatée.

Act 4: Acis and Galatée canoodle together once more and discuss Polyphème's increasingly morose behaviour. The Nymphs and Swains dance and sing of love. As Acis and Galatée fall asleep in each other's arms, the god Pan appears and blesses the lovers. They wake and renew their devotion to one another. Polyphème appears above them with a rock, overhearing the lovers' romantic intimacies, and feels his own ugliness. He leaves in despair. Acis leaves and Galatée ponders love as she hears a mysterious yell of pain in the forest. She falls asleep. Polyphème arrives, blinded. Lycas helps him to touch the sleeping Galatée for the last time. Polyphème then tells Lycas that he is going to walk into the sea.

Recording
A recording of this opera was released in 2003, with Bramwell Tovey conducting the Luxembourg Philharmonic Orchestra and with Armand Arapian in the title role.

Notes

French-language operas
1922 operas
Operas
Operas based on classical mythology
Opera world premieres at the Opéra-Comique


Mammoth Screen Limited is a UK-based production company that was established in 2007 by Michele Buck and Damien Timmer. It produces drama for key UK broadcasters, especially ITV, and international distribution. Others may be looking for Mammoth Pictures, a US-based production company.

ITV announced on 1 June 2015 that it had acquired Mammoth Screen, which is now part of ITV Studios.

Productions

North Korean hacking allegations
In October 2017 it was reported that an upcoming drama about a British nuclear scientist taken prisoner in North Korea, commissioned by Channel 4 and with the working title Opposite Number, had caused the production company's computer network to be targeted by North Korean hackers. The project was subsequently shelved.

References

External links

Mammoth Screen on IMDb

2015 mergers and acquisitions
British companies established in 2007
ITV (TV network)
Mass media companies established in 2007
Television production companies of the United Kingdom


Žiganja Vas (; , ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Church

The local church is dedicated to St. Ulrich. It was first mentioned in documents in 1327, and was extensively rebuilt in 1693 as indicated by the date above the portal. Fragments of frescos from the early 15th century survive in the church.

References

External links

Žiganja Vas on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Tržič


Curubandé is a district of the Liberia canton, in the Guanacaste province of Costa Rica.

History
Curubandé was created on 26 November 1971 by Decreto Ejecutivo 2077-G. Segregated from Liberia.

Geography
Curubandé has an area of  km² and an elevation of  metres.

Villages
Administrative center of the district is Cereceda. Other villages are Colorado and Curubandé.

Demographics

For the 2011 census, Curubandé had a population of  inhabitants.

Transportation

Road transportation
The district is covered by the following road routes:
 National Route 1

Economy
In recent years, Curubandé has become a center of tourism within Costa Rica. This is due in large part to the nearby Rincon de la Vieja National Park.

Curubandé is also the site of Las Pailas Geothermal Central, a large geothermal power plant that is being built to provide a large portion of Costa Rica's electric energy needs.

References

Districts of Guanacaste Province
Populated places in Guanacaste Province


Bistrica (; ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Naklo in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Geography

The Tržič Bistrica River (), a tributary of the Sava River, flows through the village.

References

External links

Bistrica on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Naklo


Leslie Elmer Goldstein (May 13, 1918 – January 28, 2013) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Cincinnati Reds during the  and  seasons. He batted and threw left-handed.

A native of Austin, Texas, Goldstein was one of many major leaguers who saw his baseball career interrupted by a military stint during World War II. In 1943 he appeared in five games as a backup for first baseman Frank McCormick. He enrolled in the United States Army in 1944, serving for two and half years before rejoining the Reds in the 1946 midseason as a reserve player and pinch hitter.

In a two-season career, Goldstein was a .100 hitter (1-for-10) with a run scored and a .308 on-base percentage in 11 games.

Goldstein died on January 28, 2013, at the age of 94.

External links

Retrosheet
Baseball in Wartime

1918 births
2013 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Baseball players from Austin, Texas
Birmingham Barons players
Cincinnati Reds players
Columbia Reds players
Corpus Christi Clippers players
Gainesville Owls players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Minor league baseball managers
Syracuse Chiefs players
Temple Eagles players
Texas Wesleyan Rams baseball players
Texas Wesleyan University alumni
Yuma Sun Sox players


Helotropha leucostigma, the crescent, formerly Celaena leucostigma is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm (Europe, Russia, Armenia, Turkestan, Siberia, Russian Far East, Mongolia, Amur, Korea, Japan, and northeastern China).

Technical description and variation

The wingspan is . Forewing dull dark brown, faintly reddish- tinged; the veins powdered with grey scales; the terminal area beyond subterminal line black-brown, except at apex: median area between subcostal vein and vein 1 somewhat darker than the rest of wing; inner and outer lines indistinctly double: the inner outwardly oblique, the outer bent on vein 5; claviform stigma hardly visible; orbicular stigma oblique, elliptical, of the ground colour, with paler annulus; the reniform white or dull yellow, containing a double dark lunule with pale centre; the outer edge of this dark inner lunule is sometimes obsolete, in which case the stigma appears more solidly yellowish or white; the space between outer and subterminal lines is always slightly, often visibly, paler than the ground colour; hindwing fuscous grey; — in the ab. lunina Haw. the outer fascia is conspicuously paler, becoming pale brown or pinkish ochreous, the median vein and veins 3, 4 at their base are white, and both stigmata are more strongly marked; ab. albipuncta Tutt is comparatively a rare form, with nearly the whole reniform stigma snow-white; — fibrosa Hbn. represents a bright reddish fulvous form, which may exist, but which no one appears to have seen; — laevis Btlr. the Japanese form, is, as usual, larger than the European, and the outer line appears rather more strongly excurved beyond cell and incurved below.

Biology
The moth flies from June to October depending on location.

Larva blackish-brown; the dorsal and subdorsal lines somewhat paler; thoracic and anal plates blackish; head brown. The larvae feed on waterplants Iris pseudacorus and Cladium mariscus.

References

External links

Crescent at UKmoths
Funet Taxonomy
Lepidoptera of Belgium
Lepiforum.de
Vlindernet.nl

Apameini
Moths described in 1808
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Iceland
Moths of Japan
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


James Calhoun Adkins Jr. (January 18, 1915 – June 24, 1994). Adkins was a former justice for the Florida Supreme Court.

He was a judge from the U.S. state of Florida.  James Adkins served on the Florida Supreme Court from 1969 - 1987. From 1974 to 1976 Adkins served as chief justice.

Adkins graduated from the University of Florida College of Law in 1938 and was a member of Florida Blue Key. While on the Florida Supreme Court he dealt with student anti-war demonstrations in the 1960s, and reapportionment of the state of Florida in the 1970s.

References

1915 births
Chief Justices of the Florida Supreme Court
1994 deaths
20th-century American judges
Fredric G. Levin College of Law alumni


WPD may refer to:
Working Parents Day
Police
 Waterloo Police Department (Iowa), United States
 Wichita Police Department, Kansas, United States
 Western Police District, former name of the Manila Police District

Other uses
 Waurn Ponds railway station, in Victoria, Australia
 Wavelet packet decomposition, a signal processing model
 WebPlatform Docs, a Web standards collaboration
 Western Power Distribution, an electricity distributor in the UK
 World Poetry Day
 World Prematurity Day
 .wpd, a file name extension for WordPerfect word processing documents


"Love City Groove" is a song by British rap group Love City Groove that represented the  at the Eurovision Song Contest 1995.

The song
The song was written by Stephen "Beanz" Rudden, Tatiana Mais, Paul Hardy, and Jay Williams. It was released as a single from Love City Groove's album Hard Times on 27 March 1995. It was subsequently released in several versions in the same year, with three remixed versions released in Germany in 1996. Another version was released in Japan in 2003 for DJ use only.

Chart success
"Love City Groove" reached number seven on the UK Singles Chart that May, selling over 200,000 copies.
The vocals were performed in hip hop style by Williams and the only female band member, Yinka Charles, performing as Reason.

Critical reception
John Bush from AllMusic deemed "Love City Groove" "an upbeat pop/reggae track". Larry Flick from Billboard described it as a "fun" and "infectious hybrid of reggae, pop, and hip-hop styles".

In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton noted that the song, being in "a soul/dance vein", "certainly [is] one of the most credible records to be a British Eurovision entry for years".

Tim Jeffery from Music Week'''s RM'' Dance Update wrote, "A very pleasant mid-tempo groove with great vocals and a bit of rapping that swings along beautifully in quite old-fashioned jazz funk way and it really gets on your brain. Only trouble is it's a real summer tune — released at the right time this could be another Zhane."

Eurovision Song Contest 1995
Jonathan King, then working for BBC Television, tasked with finding and producing an entry for Eurovision,  requested that the song be submitted for the "A Song for Europe" contest in 1995. The selectors were looking for something a little different from past British Eurovision entries, that better represented what was popular in the charts. The band members were all from different backgrounds, and multi-racial. Hardy's father was from Cyprus, Williams is of Hispanic background, and Reason (Yinka Charles) is Jamaican/Irish.

On the night of the contest the song was performed 15th in the running order, following 's Frédéric Etherlinck with "La voix est libre" and preceding 's Tó Cruz with "Baunilha e chocolate". It received 76 points, placing 10th in a field of 23. It was succeeded as UK representative at the 1996 contest by Gina G with "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit".

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

1995 singles
1995 songs
China Records singles
Eurovision songs of 1995
Eurovision songs of the United Kingdom


Xanthia icteritia, the sallow, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm (Europe except for the furthest south, and east to Central Asia, Korea, and Japan).

The wingspan is 27–35 mm. The moth is similar to the pink-barred sallow (Xanthia togata) but the median fascia usually differs. In some cases it is missing completely, in others the wings show a very small annular spot.

Technical description and variation

Forewing pale yellow; markings the same as in Xanthia togata, but the cloud on costa beyond submarginal line, the costal end of the median shade, and the subbasal costal blotch prominently dark brown; the dark blotch at base of reniform with a pale centre; the fringe yellow; head and shoulders pale yellow; hindwing whitish; — flavescens Esp. is a unicolorous form in which all the brown lines and shading are absent, the lines and edges of the stigmata being sometimes represented by slender faint rufous lines, the lower end of the reniform stigma alone remaining deep brown and the fringes reddish brown; an intermediate form occurs in which the markings are pale reddish brown, either distinct or faint, and approaching; asiatica Hmps. from the Sir Daria, has more orange yellow forewings, with dark brown markings, the antemedian and postmedian costal patches absent; the fringe dark brown at tips.

Biology
The moth flies from July to October depending on the location.

The larvae are difficult to tell apart from the pink-barred sallow (Xanthia togata) and the larvae feed on willow and poplar.

References

External links

Sallow at UKmoths
Funet Taxonomy
Fauna Europaea
Lepiforum.de
Vlindernet.nl

Cuculliinae
Moths described in 1766
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Japan
Taxa named by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel


Giselbert of Luxembourg (c. 1007 – 14 August 1059) was count of Salm and of Longwy, then count of Luxemburg from 1047 to 1059. He was a son of Frederick of Luxembourg, count of Moselgau, and perhaps of Ermentrude of Gleiberg.

At first count of Salm and of Longwy, on his brother Henry II's death he inherited the county of Luxembourg, as well as providing the income for the abbeys of Saint-Maximin in Trier and Saint-Willibrord in Echternach. He got into an argument with the archbishop of Trier Poppon as to the abbaye Saint-Maximin, which was arbitrated by his brother Adalbero III, bishop of Metz.

In 1050, since the population of the town of Luxembourg had risen considerably, he expanded the city by building a new fortified wall around it.

By an unknown wife, he had:
 Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg († 1086)
 Hermann of Salm († 1088), count of Salm, founder of the House of Salm
 daughter, married Thierry of Amensleben
 daughter, married Kuno, count of Oltingen
 Adalbéron († 1097 at Antioch), canon at Metz
 Jutta, married Udo of Limbourg
 Rudolph, abbot of Altmünster Abbey

References

1000s births
1059 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Counts of Luxembourg
Counts of Salm
House of Luxembourg
11th-century counts in Europe


Senj Hydroelectric Power Plant is a large high-pressure diversion power plant harnessing the Lika and Gacka Rivers water in Croatia. Senj HPP has four turbines with a nominal capacity of 72 MW each having a total capacity of 220 MW.

It is operated by Hrvatska elektroprivreda.

Another unit of HE Senj is about to be built with the support of EU funds and HEP Croatian Energy Company. A construction on a billion dollar project is set to start in mid 2014 with completion dates around 2017 or 2018 at the latest.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Croatia
Senj
Buildings and structures in Lika-Senj County


The Egyptian Theatre in Delta, Colorado, United States, is an Egyptian Revival movie house.  The 425-seat theater opened in 1928 at the height of the fashion for thematically-designed cinemas. It was designed by Montana Fallis, who also designed the Mayan Theatre in Denver.

The Egyptian is notable as one of the first locations for a promotion devised by 20th Century Fox regional manager, Charles Yeager, during the 1930s when business was poor in the small Colorado theaters he managed. "Bank Night" awarded $30 to a random patron once a week. The promotion improved attendance and kept theaters in business. Yeager's pilot program in Colorado was expanded so that by 1936 the promotion was in use at 4000 cinemas in the United States.

After years of decline and neglect the theater was restored in the 1990s, reopening in 1997 as a community theater. It was then renovated again in 2009 to accommodate for new groundbreaking 3D technology.

It came under new, nonprofit ownership in 2022.

In film
In September 2023 the film Cinemortal (2024) was shot at the Delta Egyptian Theater.

See also
Egyptian Theatre for other Egyptian Theatres and a discussion of the style

External links

https://www.deltaegyptian.org/

References

Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Buildings and structures in Delta County, Colorado
Theatres completed in 1928
Cinemas and movie theaters in Colorado
Egyptian-style theaters
Egyptian Revival architecture in the United States
1928 establishments in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Delta County, Colorado


Guillermo Pérez Roldán won the title, defeating Germán López 2–6, 7–5, 6–3 in the final.

Seeds

  Thomas Muster (second round)
  Guillermo Pérez Roldán (champion)
  Lars Koslowski (first round)
  Germán López (final)
  Roberto Azar (second round)
  Claudio Pistolesi (first round)
  Eduardo Masso (first round)
  Bart Wuyts (semifinals)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links
 1992 Grand Prix Hassan II Singles draw

Singles


Velebit Pumped Storage Power Plant () is a pumped-storage power plant in Croatia that has two turbines with a nominal capacity of  each, having a total capacity of . , it was one of three operational pumped-storage power plants in Croatia.

The plant was designed by Elektroprojekt, Projektni Biro and Geoexpert, and constructed by Industrogradnja, Konstruktor, Hidroelektra, Pomgrad and Geotehnika.

Turbines
type: single-stage turbine-pump
units: 2
turbine design head:
design pumping head:
turbine rating:
installed discharge: - turbine (2x), - pump (2x)

References

Sources

http://www.koncar-ket.hr/dokumenti/rhe-velebit-zamjena-opreme-sust-%20uprav.pdf
http://www.pbs.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=4
http://www.koncar-ket.hr/dokumenti/Numericka%20zattita%20motor%20generatora%20u%20RHE%20Velebit.pdf
http://www.ie-zagreb.hr/clanci/clanciPDF/2003HKCigre/A1-12.pdf
http://www.gradri.hr/dokumenti/pgit/15-Okna.pdf

Energy infrastructure completed in 1984
Hydroelectric power stations in Croatia
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations
Buildings and structures in Zadar County


Vinodol Hydro Power Plant is a large power plant in Croatia that has three turbines with a nominal capacity of 30 MW each having a total capacity of 90 MW.

It is operated by Hrvatska elektroprivreda.

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Croatia
Buildings and structures in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County


The Barred Sallow (Tiliacea aurago) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe.

Technical description and variation

C. aurago F. (= praetexta Esp.) (24 h). Forewing yellow, deeper in female than male, the basal area greyish purple, limited by the wavy yellow inner line, and yellow itself at costa; terminal area beyond the yellow
outer line greyish purple, traversed by an interrupted yellow subrnarginal line, sometimes swollen at apex; orbicular and reniform stigmata purplish, diffuse and ill-defined, the former round; traces of a curved median line; hindwing yellow, reddish towards termen; in rutilago F. (24 h) the ground colour is deep orange, with scarcely a trace of stigmata, the base of the basal area and the broader submarginal line also deep dull orange; — another form, quite as common apparently as the typical, has the yellow central area thickly mottled with orange, ab. marmorata ab. nov. [Warren] (24 h) ; lutea Tutt is a rare form in which the whole forewing is pale yellow, with only the lines greyish-purple ; two other, more or less unicolorous, forms are found ; one in which the orange ground colour overpowers the purplish and spreads over the whole wing, ab. unicolor Tutt, the other, fucata Esp. (24 i), (= ? virgata Tutt) is
more or less wholly purplish ferruginous, with the terminal area showing still darker. In all the forms, owing to their deeper ground colour, the females show the difference between the two colours less. Larva red-brown, paler, somewhat greenish, in front; dorsal line whitish, interrupted at the segments, edged with dark; tubercular dots pale, inconspicuous.

The wingspan is 27–32 mm. The moth flies from September to October depending on the location.

Biology
The larvae feed on beech and Acer campestre , at first on the flowers, then between united leaves, and finally on the ground.

References

External links

Barred Sallow at UKmoths
Fauna Europaea
Lepiforum.de
Vlindernet.nl

Cuculliinae
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Taxa named by Michael Denis
Taxa named by Ignaz Schiffermüller


Zakučac Hydroelectric Power Plant is a large power plant in Croatia that has four turbines with a nominal capacity of 122 MW each having a total capacity of 488MW.

It is a high-pressure diversion plant located at the Cetina River mouth into the sea, near the city of Omiš.

It is operated by Hrvatska elektroprivreda.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Croatia
Buildings and structures in Split-Dalmatia County
Omiš


Karl Neilson (born 1971 in Liverpool) is a British television director.

He left school and started work as a van driver for an electrical goods company in Southport. Harbouring an ambition to be a director, he returned to education at the Liverpool Community College. He won a place on the Media Production Bachelor of Arts course at Bournemouth University, and graduated with first class honours in 1996.

Neilson's television career began as an assistant director on EastEnders all the way back in 1998. Alongside EastEnders, he was also the assistant director for Silent Witness. It was then in September 2001 that Neilson appeared officially in the credits as a director, when he directed his first episode of EastEnders. In 2004, a double episode set in the launderette with Dot Cotton telling Den Watts she had cancer won a TV Moments award, named as 'Best Popular Drama Moment' of 2004.

As well as directing for the BBC, he has also directed episodes of The Bill and Family Affairs for TalkbackThames. In 2008 he began directing the new series of Minder for FIVE which was later axed due to poor viewing figures.

In 2015, EastEnders celebrated its thirtieth anniversary with a Live Week. Neilson directed the live week episodes along with the flashback episode. Commenting upon directing the dramatic culmination of the week, Neilson said: "As a director it's an absolute gift of a week, because it's a story where the audience are continually looking for meaning in every line and every reaction. Because of that I was determined to get very specific performances which would steer the story as I wanted it to be steered throughout the week."

Filmography
The following is a table of notable episodes and television shows directed by Neilson.

References

External links

Karl Neilson at the British Film Institute
Karl Neilson at Hollywood.com
Karl Neilson at The New York Times

British television directors
Alumni of Bournemouth University
Broadcast mass media people from Liverpool
1971 births
Living people


Dubrava Hydro Power Plant is a large power plant in Croatia that has four turbines with a nominal capacity of 21 MW each having a total capacity of 84 MW.

The power plant uses Lake Dubrava as its reservoir and was completed in 1989. It is located near the village of Sveta Marija in Međimurje County, not far from Donja Dubrava municipality seat, on the county's border with Varaždin County. The reservoir is also divided between the two counties.

It is operated by Hrvatska elektroprivreda.

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Croatia
Buildings and structures in Varaždin County
Energy infrastructure completed in 1989
Buildings and structures in Međimurje County


Xanthia gilvago, the dusky-lemon sallow, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in Europe.

Technical description and variation

Forewing deep yellow ochreous with a brownish flush; markings all blackish; inner and outer lines double; the former oblique, outwardly lunulate, its inner arm thick and blotchy; the latter inwardly lunulate, concise, the outer arm thick; submarginal line a row of dark spots preceded by a dark costal blotch attached to outer line, and followed by a diffuse dark shade; median shade blackish, thick and diffuse; orbicular stigma of the ground colour with a dark ring, separated by the median shade from the equally pale reniform which has its lower lobe black; fringe concolorous mottled with dark; hindwing yellowish, the inner marginal area grey; — when the brown tinge of forewing is intensified (sometimes darkening the whole wing),and the dark markings likewise, forming a partially continuous dark band from median shade to outer line,
we have the ab. suffusa Tutt (28 g) ; — on the other hand the yellow tinge may be nearby absent, the ground colour becoming olive grey , and the markings dark grey, the hindwing whitish ; this is ab. griseosignata Spul. (28 g) ; a rarer form — cinnamomeago Spul. (28 h), — has the ground colour uniform fulvous, with the markings finer, those of the terminal area, and often those of the basal area also, more or less obsolete, the hindwing deeper yellow; — lastly from the Goorais Valley, Kashmir, there is a paler ochreous form of which the extreme development, ab. derasa ab. nov. (= ab. 2 Hmps.) [unknown taxon not gilvago] is wholly pale ochreous with only the lower half of reniform and the fringe dark brown, exactly corresponding to the unmarked form flavescens of fulvago L. Larva pinkish brown; dorsal and subdorsal lines pale, dark-edged; a dorsal series of dark Y-shaped marks; spiracular line pale.
 The wingspan is 32–38 mm.

Biology
The moth flies from August to October depending on the location.

The larvae feed on English elm (Ulmus minor 'Atinia').

References

External links
 Dusky-lemon Sallow at UKmoths
 Lepiforum.de
 Vlindernet.nl

Cuculliinae
Moths described in 1775
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Michael Denis
Taxa named by Ignaz Schiffermüller


Čakovec Hydroelectric Power Plant is a large hydroelectric power plant in Croatia that has four turbines with a total nominal capacity of 78 MW (unit A - 38 MW, unit B - 38 MW, unit C - 1.1 MW and unit D - 0.34 MW). According to the type of power plant, it is a flow, low-pressure, derivation hydroelectric power plant with an accumulation (area of  and volume of 51.6 [hm^3] for daily and partial weekly flow regulation. Units A and B of the power plant have horizontal pipe turbines and the generators are "in the bulb".

It is a multipurpose facility harnessing the Drava River water power, providing flood and erosion control, improving drainage, water supply, traffic and conditions for development of leisure industry and sports. Čakovec hydro plant installed power at generator terminals is 75.9 MW, and possible average annual output is 400 GWh. Gross head at the power house for Qi is 17.53 m.

The power plant uses Lake Varaždin as its reservoir and was completed in 1982. It is located near the villages of Šemovec and Orehovica. Although named after Čakovec, the county seat of Međimurje County, the power plant is almost entirely located within Varaždin County, while the reservoir is equally divided between the two counties.

It is operated by Hrvatska elektroprivreda.

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Croatia
Buildings and structures in Varaždin County
Transport infrastructure completed in 1982
Buildings and structures in Međimurje County
1982 establishments in Yugoslavia
Hydroelectric Power Plant


Conrad I (c. 1040 – 8 August 1086) was count of Luxembourg (1059–1086), succeeding his father, Giselbert.

Conrad was embroiled in an argument with the archbishop of Trier as to the abbaye Saint-Maximin in Trier which he had avowed. The archbishop excommunicated him and Conrad had to make honourable amends and set out on pilgrimage for Jerusalem to have his excommunication lifted. He died in Italy on the return journey.

Conrad founded the Orval Abbey in 1070 with Count Arnold I of Chiny and the Altmünster Abbey in 1083.

Marriage and issue
Around 1075 he married Clementia (1060–1142), daughter of Duke William VII of Aquitaine and of Ermesinde. They had:
 Matilda (1070 † ), married Godefroy (1075 † ), Count of Bleisgau
 Henry III († 1096), Count of Luxembourg
 Rudolph († 1099), abbot of Saint-Vannes at Verdun
 Conrad, cité en 1080
 Adalbero, (d. 1098 in Antioch), Archdeacon of Metz, travelled to the Holy Land as part of the army of Godfrey of Bouillon, where he was executed by the Turks
 Ermesinde (1075 † 1143), married
 in 1096 to Albert II († 1098), count of Egisheim and of Dagsbourg,
 in 1101 to Godefroy (1067 † 1139), count of Namur. They were parents of Henry IV of Luxembourg
 William I (1081 † 1131), Count of Luxembourg, married Matilda of Beichlingen

References

Sources

1040s births
1086 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
People temporarily excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Counts of Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
11th-century counts in Europe


Dynamic Infrastructure is an information technology concept related to the design of data centers, whereby the underlying hardware and software can respond dynamically and more efficiently to changing levels of demand. In other words, data center assets such as storage and processing power can be provisioned (made available) to meet surges in user's needs.  The concept has also been referred to as Infrastructure 2.0 and Next Generation Data Center.

Concept
The basic premise of dynamic infrastructures is to leverage pooled IT resources to provide flexible IT capacity, enabling the allocation of resources in line with demand from business processes. This is achieved by using server virtualization technology to pool computing resources wherever possible, and allocating these resources on-demand using automated tools. This allows for load balancing and is a more efficient approach than keeping massive computing resources in reserve to run tasks that take place, for example, once a month, but are otherwise under-utilized.

Dynamic Infrastructures may also be used to provide security and data protection when workloads are moved during migrations, provisioning, enhancing performance or building co-location facilities.

Dynamic infrastructures were promoted to enhance performance, scalability, system availability and uptime, increasing server utilization and the ability to perform routine maintenance on either physical or virtual systems all while minimizing interruption to business operations and reducing cost for IT. Dynamic infrastructures also provide the fundamental business continuity and high availability requirements to facilitate cloud or grid computing.

For networking companies, infrastructure 2.0 refers to the ability of networks to keep up with the movement and scale requirements of new enterprise IT initiatives, especially virtualization and cloud computing.  According to companies like Cisco, F5 Networks and Infoblox, network automation and connectivity intelligence between networks, applications and endpoints will be required to reap the full benefits of virtualization and many types of cloud computing.  This will require network management and infrastructure to be consolidated, enabling higher levels of dynamic control and connectivity between networks, systems and endpoints.

Early examples of server-level dynamic infrastructures are the FlexFrame for SAP and FlexFrame for Oracle introduced by Fujitsu Siemens Computers (now Fujitsu) in 2003. The FlexFrame approach was to dynamically assign servers to applications on demand, leveling peaks and enabling organizations to maximize the benefit from their IT investments.

Benefits
Dynamic infrastructures take advantage of intelligence gained across the network. By design, every dynamic infrastructure is service-oriented and focused on supporting and enabling the end users in a highly responsive way. It can utilize alternative sourcing approaches, like cloud computing to deliver new services with agility and speed.

Global organizations already have the foundation for a dynamic infrastructure that will bring together the business and IT infrastructure to create new possibilities. For example:

 Transportation companies can optimize their vehicles' routes leveraging GPS and traffic information.
 Facilities organizations can secure access to locations and track the movement of assets by leveraging RFID technology.
 Production environments can monitor and manage presses, valves and assembly equipment through embedded electronics.
 Technology systems can be optimized for energy efficiency, managing spikes in demand, and ensuring disaster recovery readiness.
 Communications companies can better monitor usage by location, user or function, and optimize routing to enhance user experience.
 Utility companies can reduce energy usage with a "smart grid."

Virtualized applications can reduce the cost of testing, packaging and supporting an application by 60%, and they reduced overall TCO by 5% to 7% in our model.
– Source: Gartner – "TCO of Traditional Software Distribution vs. Application Virtualization" / Michael A Silver, Terrence Cosgrove, Mark A Margevicious, Brian Gammage / 16 April 2008

While green issues are a primary driver in 10% of current data center outsourcing and hosting initiatives, cost reductions initiatives are a driver 47% of the time and are now aligned well with green goals. Combining the two means that at least 57% of data center outsourcing and hosting initiatives are driven by green.
– Source: Gartner – "Green IT Services as a Catalyst for Cost Optimization." / Kurt Potter / 4 December 2008

"By 2013, more than 50% of midsize organizations and more than 75% of large enterprises will implement layered recovery architectures."
– Source: Gartner – "Predicts 2009: Business Continuity Management Juggles Standardization, Cost and Outsourcing Risk"). / Roberta J Witty, John P Morency, Dave Russell, Donna Scott, Rober Desisto / 28 January 2009

Vendors
Some vendors promoting dynamic infrastructures include IBM, Microsoft, Sun, Fujitsu, HP, Dell,.

See also
Converged infrastructure
Platform virtualization
Provisioning (IT)
Data migration
WAN optimization
Data center
Business continuity
Disaster recovery
Cloud computing
Grid computing
Utility computing

References

Distributed computing architecture
Grid computing


Dupont, Louisiana may refer to:

Dupont, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, on Louisiana Highway 107
Dupont, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana

See also
Dupont (disambiguation)


Dubrovnik Hydro Power Plant is a large power plant in Croatia that has two turbines with a nominal capacity of 125 MW each having a total capacity of 250 MW.

It is operated by Hrvatska elektroprivreda.

External links

Hydroelectric power stations in Croatia
Buildings and structures in Dubrovnik-Neretva County
Trebišnjica


The pale-lemon sallow (Xanthia ocellaris) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Europe to Anatolia and Morocco.

C. ocellaris Bkh. (28 h). Forewing pale yellowish grey, more or less strongly tinged with reddish grey; the inner and outer lines pale, slightly darker-edged; median shade dark grey, diffuse; submarginal line pale,
preceded by a row of dark dots, often faint or obsolete, except that above vein 6; fringe rufous; stigmata with pale grey-edged annuli, the reniform with a whitish, dark-edged dot at lower extremity; hindwing whitish, the inner marginal third pinkish grey; — the pale form without any red tinge is palleago Hbn. fig. 192 (28 h) ; — ab. carneago ab. nov. (28 i) is pink, only the basal and terminal areas faintly greyish, the markings very faint, and the fringe  pink; — lineago Guen. (= gilvago Hbn. fig. 193) (28 h, i) has the forewing more thickly and darkly suffused with grey, the pale veins and markings coming out more prominently ; — intermedia Habich is said to be transitional between typical ocellaris and gilvago; it may be, I think, the same as the yellower form of palleago Hbn. fig. 442; and if so, would supplant the name erythrago for the preceding species. Larva yellowish grey; the dorsal and subdorsal lines fine and faint; spiracular line broadly white. The wingspan is 32–36 mm.

Biology
There is one generation per year, with adults on wing from August to October depending on the location.

The larvae feed on poplar feeding in the catkins at first, afterwards on the ground on fallen leaves and low plants

Larvae can be found from April to June. It overwinters as an egg.

References

External links

Pale-lemon sallow on UK Moths
Fauna Europaea
Lepiforum.de
Vlindernet.nl

Cuculliinae
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen


Sæter is a light rail tram stop on the Oslo Tramway.

Located at Nordstrand, it was the terminus of the Ekeberg Line when it was opened in 1917 by AS Ekebergbanen in cooperation with Kristiania Sporveisselskab. In 1941 the Ekeberg Line was extended to Ljabru, the current terminus. Until 1967, the stretch between Sæter and Ljabru was the only single track rail in Oslo.

Sæter is a key word in John Buchan's novel "The Three Hostages".

References

Oslo Tramway stations in Oslo
Railway stations opened in 1917
1917 establishments in Norway
Railway stations in Norway opened in the 1910s


Medullary rays, also known as vascular rays or pith rays, are cellular structures found in some species of wood. They appear as radial planar structures, perpendicular to the growth rings, which are visible to the naked eye. In a transverse section they appear as radiating lines from the centre of the log. In an axial section they may appear as a variety of transverse markings, depending on how close the section is to the plane of the ray. In a tangential section they may be hard to see at all.

They are formed by the activity of fascicular cambium. During the process of the division of cambium, the cambium cuts out cells on both the outer and inner side. These cells are parenchymatous. Most of these cells transform into xylem and phloem. But certain cells don't transform into xylem and phloem and remain as such. These cells cut out by the cambium towards the periphery are phloem parenchyma while those towards the pith are xylem parenchyma. Both of these cells together work as secondary medullary rays.

These medullary or pith rays are essential for the radial conduction of the water, minerals and other organic substances. They transport the substances from center to periphery.

In this context, the term refers to radial sheets or ribbons extending vertically through the tree across and perpendicular to the growth rings. Also called pith rays or wood rays, these formations of primarily parenchyma cells allow the radial transport of sap and are essential in the process of tylosis.

In quartersawn material, where the wood is cut into boards with the growth rings roughly perpendicular to the face of the board, the medullary rays often produce beautiful figure such as silver grain, medullary spots, pith flecks, etc.

References

Plant anatomy

pl:Promień rdzeniowy


In anatomy, a medullary ray  (Ferrein's pyramid) is the middle part of a cortical lobule (or renal lobule). Each consists of a group of nephrons in the renal cortex. Their name is potentially misleading, as "medullary" refers to their destination, not their location. They travel perpendicular to the capsule, and extend from the cortex to the medulla. They may be visualised during urography.

Additional Images

References

External links
  — "Urinary System: kidney, H&E, cortex and medullary ray"
  — "Urinary System: neonatal kidney"

Kidney anatomy