Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth is a non-fiction book written by Margaret Atwood, about the nature of debt, for the 2008 Massey Lectures. Each of the book's five chapters was delivered as a one-hour lecture in a different Canadian city, beginning in St. John's, Newfoundland, on October 12 and ending in Toronto on November 1. The lectures were broadcast on CBC Radio One's Ideas November 10–14. The book was published by House of Anansi Press, both in paperback and in a limited edition hardcover.

The lectures and book had been originally scheduled for 2009, but were moved up to 2008 to avoid conflicting with Atwood's forthcoming novel after the latter book was delayed by its publisher. The content examines borrowing and lending from financial, psychological, theological, literary, and ecological points of view. Its release coincided with extensive media coverage of the recent financial crisis which led numerous critics to comment on the book's timeliness. In the Canadian market, the book peaked at #1 on The Globe and Mail bestseller list on October 25 and out-sold all previous Massey Lecture books. Critics found the book well-researched, thought-provoking, and humorous. Various reviewers found the discussions on the non-monetary aspects of debt to be the better parts of the book, while some critics identified the sections on ecological debt as the worst parts of the book.

Atwood's Massey Lectures have been adapted as a 2012 documentary Payback, produced by the National Film Board of Canada, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2012.

Background

Toronto-based author Margaret Atwood was asked several times over numerous years to deliver a Massey Lecture, which would be broadcast over the radio on CBC Radio One's Ideas and published by the House of Anansi Press. When she finally agreed, she chose her subject to be sociobiology of literary criticism, and specifically how an author's gender and age affects critical reception. However, after delivering lectures at Oxford University and Cambridge University on similar topics she re-considered her choice. She began thinking of 'debt' as a topic after writing "Letter to America" for The Globe and Mail in March 2003 (later reprinted in The Nation) regarding the pending invasion of Iraq and asking whether Americans understood the debt to which they were committing.

Atwood was scheduled to release her new novel in fall 2008 and deliver the Massey Lectures in fall 2009. At the insistence of Atwood's American editor at Doubleday, her Canadian and British editors and agents agreed in January 2008 to postpone the release of her novel by one year to avoid competing with the US Presidential election for attention. The people organizing the Massey Lectures, Sarah McLachlan of House of Anansi Press, John Fraser of Massey College, and Bernie Lucht of CBC's Ideas, discovered this rescheduling via a newspaper article. They asked Atwood to deliver her lectures in fall 2008, meaning the text would be due in June. She agreed on condition of Massey College providing research and technical assistance. The text was written between late January and June 2008, during which Atwood took time for two vacations (birding in Cuba and in France). The original title was to be Debt but Scott Griffin, owner of House of Anansi Press, convinced Atwood to change it to something less depressing.

Synopsis
The content is divided into five parts. The first part, Ancient Balances, considers psychological and historical aspects of debt. Atwood calls debt an imaginative human construct derived from a sense of need or greed and a sense of fairness in reciprocity and equivalent values. She cites a study by Frans de Waal that suggests a sense of fairness may be a genetic trait shared with other primates, and a study by Robert Axelrod which illustrates, given a level playing field, that the tit-for-tat strategy (or 'Do unto others as they have done onto you' strategy) was the most superior strategy in game theory. Debt and borrowing mechanisms from ancient and biblical societies are compared, including provisions from the Code of Hammurabi, Ancient Egyptians, and the Greco-Roman mythologies.

The second part, Debt and Sin, explores the theological side, including moral or ethical characteristics attributed to debtors and creditors by society and religion. Debt, like certain vices, such as cigarette-smoking, have experienced times when it was considered sinful, and other times fashionable. Biblical references, like the Book of Deuteronomy, the Lord's Prayer, and sin-eating, are examined. The growth of debt is linked to the growth of the written media with the relationship symbolized by the Faustian contract with the devil.

The third part, Debt as Plot, examines the "Debtor" game from Eric Berne's Games People Play and its derivative "Try and Collect". Debt as a motif and theme is explained, especially in 19th century literature, with examples from "The Devil and Tom Walker", Wuthering Heights, Vanity Fair, Madame Bovary, House of Mirth, and The Mill on the Floss. Atwood posits a theory that Charles Dickens' Ebenezer Scrooge is the reverse character of Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus; although Scrooge is rich, he is unwilling to spend his money and is living miserably before he is saved., while Doctor Faustus is rich, happy, and generous but ends in hell.

The fourth part, The Shadow Side, looks at what happens to debtors and creditors when debts are not re-paid. Some debts that are a matter of honour to which the debtor must repay by an equivalent value or creditor must either forgive or exact revenge. Debts to society, after committing crimes, are paid through vengeance-based imprisonment. The United Kingdom had debtors' prison for those who could not pay, but this was abolished for economic reasons as it prevented labourers from working and had a burdensome cost of operation. Other societies used the services of their family members or themselves as collateral. Sometimes the debtors overthrew the creditors, like King Philip IV of France against the Knights Templar, or the Ugandans against the Asians. Atwood applies the trickle-down economics to debt and examines the psychology side through the Jungian Shadow.

In the final part, titled Payback, Atwood examines ecological debt. She recounts the journey of Scrooge in A Christmas Carol but placed in a modern setting. The modern-day Scrooge is visited by the spirits of Earth Day. In the past Scrooge witnesses debts to nature being repaid through animal and human sacrifices and through pestilence in over-crowded or unsustainable populations. In the present Scrooge witnesses current unsustainable practices, over-fishing and deforestation, creating a debt to nature being repaid through effects on the climate and impacts on people. Finally, in the future, Scrooge is shown two versions: one, an eco-friendly human society balanced with environmental systems, and the other, a dystopian future with a disaster affecting the fuel or food resources in such a way that hyperinflation sets in and renders money useless.

Publication and sales
The book was released in October 2008 as Atwood began the Massey lecture series in St. John's, Newfoundland, on October 12. The second lecture took place in Vancouver on the 15th, followed by Winnipeg on the 17th, Montreal on the 20th, and ending on November 1 in Toronto. The series was recorded then aired on CBC Radio One's Ideas between November 10 and 14. At each event Atwood fielded questions from the audience and participated in book signings.

Payback entered The Globe and Mail bestseller list at #6 and peaked at #1 on October 25. It became the best selling Massey Lecture book to date and was in its fourth printing by the end of November. Excerpts were printed in The Times and the Financial Times. In April 2009, it was a finalist for the annual National Business Book Award and won a silver medal in the Business Ethics category of the Axiom Business Book Awards. That same month, the National Film Board of Canada acquired the film rights, with plans to adapt Payback as a feature-length documentary. They announced the involvement of Jennifer Baichwal as director and Ravida Din as producer. In June 2009, the book was awarded a Canadian Booksellers Association Libris Award for Non-Fiction Book of the Year.

Almost all reviewers commented upon the timeliness of the book's release as the magnitude and causes of the most recent financial crisis were becoming apparent. Some reviewers also commented upon the timeliness of her previous books, like her novel in which society is devastated by a genetically engineered virus, Oryx and Crake, which coincided with the SARS outbreak. Playing off this theme Canadian magazine The Walrus, at a fund-raiser gala for its charitable foundation, auctioned a crystal decanter with five predictions written by Atwood sealed inside. Journalist Rebecca Eckler was the winning bidder and wrote about the predictions, which include the diminished use of fabric softener and the rise in use of industrial hemp, in an article for Maclean's magazine.

Critical response

Critics found the book well-researched and thought-provoking. Reviewers enjoyed Atwood's humour and conversational writing. The style was described as "eclectic", a "literary walkabout", and "anecdotally rich". Novelist David Liss wrote that the book was "delightfully engaging, smart, funny, [and] clever". Canadian writer Charles Foran called the book "serious adult fun" that "displays some of the energy of a lively dinner party, one replete with anecdotes and opinions, witticisms and barbs". The book's most entertaining parts are discussions on non-monetary debts and debts portrayed in literature. Regarding the speeches, the reviewer for The Montreal Gazette wrote: "Her delivery, as usual, was smooth, relentlessly paced, but with precise pauses for the frequent, much-appreciated laugh lines." John N. Gray, in The New York Review of Books, wrote that "Atwood has combined rigorous analysis, wide-ranging erudition, and a beguilingly playful imagination". The Library Journal recommended the book for all libraries.

Negative reviews came from Salon.com and The Scotsman. Louis Bayard of Salon.com disagreed with the delivery of the final chapter, on ecological debt, writing that Atwood "forsakes artistic engagement for ideological reflex". William Skidelsky in The Guardian agreed that the chapter was "by no means the highlight of the book".  He also wrote:  "Because Atwood constantly veers off in new directions she doesn't always give herself time to sink her claws deep into a topic. The result is that, although Payback is packed with information, it can seem oddly thin... Still, Atwood's enthusiasm for her subject and lively style go a long way toward making up for these flaws. She can be a brilliant phrase-maker, and has a gift for summing up an idea with a single vivid image."  Allan Massie, reviewing for The Scotsman, could not find a coherent argument being presented and found her writing style "veering uncomfortably between the academic and the jokily colloquial, [is] tiresome, [and] some of her writing is pretentious, much obvious and platitudinous". The reviewers in Salon.com and The Scotsman, as well as The Economist, were all uncomfortable with Atwood not distinguishing or contrasting 'good' and 'bad' debt.

References

General references

External links
Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth — CBC Radio One's Ideas
Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth — House of Anansi Press

2008 non-fiction books
Books about economic history
Books by Margaret Atwood
Massey Lectures books
Works about debt
House of Anansi Press books
Canadian non-fiction books
Non-fiction books adapted into films


The Curse of the Hidden Vault () is a 1964 black and white West German crime film directed by Franz Josef Gottlieb and starring Harald Leipnitz, Eddi Arent, Siegfried Schürenberg and Klaus Kinski. It is based on the 1908 novel Angel Esquire by Edgar Wallace, previously made into a British silent film..

It was shot at the Spandau Studios and Tempelhof Studios in Berlin and on location in London. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Wilhelm Vorwerg and Walter Kutz.

Cast
 Harald Leipnitz as Jimmy Flynn
 Judith Dornys as Kathleen Kent
 Rudolf Forster as Real
 Werner Peters as Spedding
 Ernst Fritz Fürbringer as Connor
 Siegfried Schürenberg as Sir John
 Harry Meyen as Inspector Angel
 Vera Tschechowa as Feder-Lissy
 Ilse Steppat as Margaret
 Harry Wüstenhagen as Goyle
  as Cyril
 Klaus Kinski as George
 Eddi Arent as Ferry Westlake
 Kurt Waitzmann as Mr. Simpson
  as Bat Sand
  as Vinnis

Reception
The FSK gave the film a rating of "16 and older" and found it not appropriate for screenings on public holidays. The film premiered on 30 April 1964.

References

Bibliography
 Bergfelder, Tim. International Adventures: German Popular Cinema and European Co-Productions in the 1960s. Berghahn Books, 2005.

External links

1964 films
1960s mystery films
1960s crime thriller films
1960s German-language films
German mystery films
German crime thriller films
West German films
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Franz Josef Gottlieb
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films set in England
Films set in London
Films shot at Tempelhof Studios
Films shot at Spandau Studios
Constantin Film films
1960s German films


An election took place on November 4, 2008 to elect the delegate to the United States House of Representatives from American Samoa's At-large congressional district. The non-voting delegate is elected for two-year terms.  The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Incumbent Eni Faleomavaega was re-elected.

Candidates
All elections in American Samoa are officially non-partisan, but incumbent Faleomavaega identifies with the Democratic Party and challenger Amata with the Republican Party.

Results

See also
American Samoan general election, 2008

References

United States House of Representatives
American Samoa
Non-partisan elections
2008


Death or Glory is the fifth studio album by German heavy metal band Running Wild, released 8 November 1989 through Noise Records. It is the band's last album with both guitarist Majk Moti and drummer Ian Finlay. Being one of their most successful releases, it contains the concert favourites "Riding the Storm" and "Bad to the Bone". The final track, "March On", was not included on the vinyl release due to space constraints.

The CD version (both the original and remastered) of the album contains 1991's Wild Animal EP, albeit with a different running order than that of the original. However, despite the presence of Wild Animal on the original pressing CD, neither the booklet nor back insert tray mention these songs. But the CD non-playing side (of the original pressing), however, does list the 4 songs from this EP. The booklet on the remastered version has the full info on including of the EP.

Running Wild filmed a live video to the song "Bad to the Bone", recorded in Düsseldorf. The song had some airtime at MTVs Headbangers Ball. "Riding the Storm" also had a live video that was also shot in Düsseldorf with a crowd of nearly 9,000 attendees.

The track "Bad to the Bone" was recorded by a cappella band van Canto and was released on their fourth studio album Break the Silence.

Critical reception

Death or Glory was ranked number 285 in Rock Hard magazine's 2005 book The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time and number 17 on Metal Hammers list of the 25 best power metal album of all time.

Death or Glory Tour
A live VHS tape of the band playing a live concert at Düsseldorf during the Death or Glory Tour was released by Fotodisk and later by Bonsai Music.

The videotape features 11 tracks including a live version of three songs from Death or Glory ("Riding the Storm", "Bad to the Bone" and "Tortuga Bay").

Track listing

The 2017 remastered version contains a second disc, featuring the following songs

Personnel
 Rolf Kasparek – vocals, guitars
 Majk Moti – guitars
 Jens Becker – bass
 Iain Finlay – drums

Additional Musician
 Ladislav Křížek – backing vocals

Production
 Jan Němec – engineering, mixing
 Martin Becker – photography
 Sebastian Krüger – artwork
 Rock 'n' Rolf – producer
 Karl-U. Walterbach – executive producer

Charts

References

Running Wild (band) albums
1989 albums
Noise Records albums


The following is a list of all light rail systems in North America, ranked by ridership. Daily figures for American and Canadian light rail systems are "average weekday unlinked passenger trips" (where transfers between lines are counted as two separate passenger "boardings" or "trips"), unless otherwise indicated. For light rail systems in the United States and Canada, these figures come from the American Public Transit Association (APTA) Ridership Reports statistics. For Mexico, the figures are obtained from Banco de Información Económica's Instituto Nacional de Estadísitica y Geografía (INEGI), and the daily figures represent daily passenger trips averaged from the monthly and quarterly ridership figures. All figures are from 2019 and the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2019, unless otherwise noted. "Daily boardings per mile" figures have been rounded to the nearest 5 or 10.

The question of which systems would qualify as "light rail transit systems" is debatable, so this table includes some systems (such as Toronto's) which are technically streetcars rather than "true" light rail.

Systems

Excluded systems

The following systems have been excluded from the ridership table above (generally because the system's ridership statistics are not tracked by APTA):
 Galveston Island Trolley (Galveston, TX)
 Kenosha Streetcars (Kenosha, WI)
 Metro Streetcar (Little Rock, AR)
 River Street Streetcar (Savannah, GA)

See also

 Light rail in North America
 Light rail
 List of tram and light rail transit systems
 List of United States light rail systems by ridership
 Light rail in the United States
 Streetcars in North America
 List of Latin American rail transit systems by ridership
 List of North American rapid transit systems by ridership
 List of United States rapid transit systems by ridership
 List of rail transit systems in the United States
 Public transportation

Notes

References

Light rail in Canada
Light rail in Mexico
Light rail in the United States


William Henry Benton (5 December 1895 – 1967) was an English professional footballer. He spent eleven years at Blackpool in the 1920s and 1930s, making over 350 Football League appearances for the club. He played in midfield.

Benton made his debut for Blackpool on 30 August 1920, in the second league game of the 1920–21 season, a 2–1 defeat at home to Bristol City. He went on to appear in 39 of the club's 42 league games that campaign, scoring six goals, including a hat-trick in only his third appearance for Bill Norman's men — a 4–0 home victory over Coventry City on 11 September. Benton's other three strikes all came in Blackpool victories.

Benton was a regular in the team in all but his final three seasons with Blackpool. He made his final appearance for the club, then under the guidance of Harry Evans, on 7 February 1931, in a 6–0 defeat at Leicester City.

Notes

References

1895 births
1967 deaths
English men's footballers
Walsall F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
Rossendale United F.C. players
English Football League players
Footballers from Walsall
Men's association football midfielders


Peter Edward Besseling (born 8 March 1970) is an Australian politician. Besseling was the Mayor of Port Macquarie-Hastings Council, from 8 September 2012 to 8 May 2017, as an independent. Besseling served as Member for Port Macquarie between 2008 and 2011. Besseling is now General Manager at Birdon Pty Ltd.

Prior to entering politics, he was a professional rugby union player.

Rugby union playing record
Besseling played 15 games for the NSW Waratahs from 2000 to 2001 and is a former second-rower and 1999 Ken Catchpole Medallist.

New South Wales political career
Besseling was elected as an independent member in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the seat of Port Macquarie; winning the seat in a 2008 by-election. The seat came open when the former member, independent Rob Oakeshott, resigned to make an ultimately successful run for the federal seat of Lyne. Besseling worked as a political adviser for his sometime rugby teammate Oakeshott for the previous three years.

Besseling won the seat with 35.9 percent of the primary vote and 54.5 percent of the two-party vote.  This was a significant drop from Oakeshott's last victory in 2007; at the time of his resignation, Oakeshott sat on a majority of 28.2 percent, the safest in the Legislative Assembly. Alby Schultz, the Liberal Member for Hume, was seen campaigning a few times for Besseling, referring to him as "the pick of the candidates". Similar support was provided by Bill Heffernan, a Liberal Senator, sparking anger and resentment within the federal coalition.

In 2011 Besseling lost his seat to National Party candidate Leslie Williams, suffering a swing of 11 percent.  It is suggested that his defeat was due to his association with Oakeshott, whose support kept the federal Labor government in office after the 2010 federal election. Port Macquarie had always been considered a National heartland, and had been a comfortably safe National seat in "traditional" two-party matchups with Labor even when Oakeshott held it without serious difficulty as an independent.

"Besseling's re-election campaign struck controversy when oil from his campaign bus caused an accident on the Oxley Highway that resulted in three people being seriously injured." While police investigations were inconclusive, it was believed that sabotage was the most likely cause for the missing sump plug that caused the leak. The political environment was very heated at the time.

Following his failure to win re-election, Besseling recommenced employment as a political advisor, working in the office of Rob Oakeshott.

Local government
In 2012, Besseling was directly elected as Mayor; and secured three other Councillors to the Port Macquarie-Hastings Council on his independent election ticket. Besseling was reelected Mayor in September 2016, but then resigned in May 2017 to become General Manager at Birdon Pty Ltd.

References

External links
 Candidate for Port Macquarie-Hastings Mayor

1970 births
Living people
Independent members of the Parliament of New South Wales
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
New South Wales Waratahs players
21st-century Australian politicians


Ludwig Fischer (16 April 1905 – 8 March 1947) was a German Nazi Party lawyer, politician and a convicted war criminal. After World War II, he was executed in Poland for war crimes.

Background
Born into a Catholic family in Kaiserslautern, Fischer joined the Nazi Party in 1926 while a student, and the Sturmabteilung (SA) in 1929, eventually rising to the rank of Gruppenführer. In 1937, he was elected to the Reichstag.

Actions during the Nazi occupation of Poland

Germany  invaded Poland in September 1939. On 24 October 1939 Fischer became Chief Administrator (and in 1941 Governor) of the Warsaw District in the occupied General Government (the area of Poland that Germany did not formally annex). He held this position until the withdrawal of the German forces from Warsaw in January 1945.

Fischer was directly responsible for a number of war crimes, as well as crimes against humanity. He oversaw the establishment of the Warsaw Ghetto and issued many anti-Semitic laws, as well as participating in the bloody Ghetto de-establishment and deportation. Fischer was also responsible for terror in the occupied city, including mass executions,  slave-labor  and the deportation of Poles and Polish Jews to the various  German concentration camps. The Underground courts of the Polish resistance movement sentenced him to death for crimes against Polish citizens. His name appeared first on the list of "Operation Heads"—the serial assassinations of Nazi personnel by the Polish Resistance. Before the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, his car was shot at in Operation Hunting (), but Fischer survived.

After the failure of the Warsaw Uprising of August to October 1944, Fischer played an important role in Germany's planned destruction of Warsaw. He was also responsible for the poor conditions in the temporary transit camp on the western outskirts of Warsaw in Pruszków, which the Nazis set up to intern people expelled from the capital.

Postwar trial and execution
After the war, Fischer hid in the town of Bad Neustadt an der Saale in Bavaria. He was arrested by U.S. soldiers on 10 May 1945. On 30 March 1946, Fischer was extradited to Poland, where he was put on  trial for crimes against humanity. On 3 March 1947, Fischer was sentenced to death by hanging and was handed over to the Polish authorities. He was tried before the Supreme National Tribunal and sentenced to death. Treblinka and Warsaw uprising survivor Jankiel Wiernik testified at his trial in 1947. Fischer was executed by hanging in Warsaw's Mokotów Prison.

References

Further reading

 Joseph Wulf, Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker, Frankfurt/Main 1984
 Ernst Klee, Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Frankfurt/Main 2003

External links
 Testimonies collected during Fischer's trial in "Chronicles of Terror" database

1905 births
1947 deaths
Executed German mass murderers
Executed people from Rhineland-Palatinate
Executions by the Supreme National Tribunal
German people convicted of crimes against humanity
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
People extradited to Poland
People from Kaiserslautern
Sturmabteilung officers


Puzzle is the debut album of the alternative rock group dada, released in 1992, on I.R.S. Records.  The album featured the hit single "Dizz Knee Land" and sold more than half a million copies. It spent 10 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart, peaking at #111. On July 13, 2004, the album was reissued with bonus tracks by Blue Cave Records.

Track listing
1992 I.R.S. Records Edition (Original release)
All songs written by Joie Calio and Michael Gurley except as noted.
"Dorina" – 6:06
"Mary Sunshine Rain" (Calio, Gurley, Phil Leavitt) – 4:39
"Dog" – 4:13
"Dizz Knee Land" (Calio, Gurley, Leavitt)– 4:06
"Surround" – 3:38
"Here Today, Gone Tomorrow" – 4:42
"Posters" – 4:05
"Timothy" – 4:00
"Dim" (Calio, Gurley, Leavitt) – 4:21
"Who You Are" – 3:24
"Puzzle" (Calio, Gurley, Leavitt) – 6:20
"Moon" - 5:18

2004 Blue Cave Records Edition (Reissued release)
"Dorina"
"Mary Sunshine Rain"
"Dog"
"Dizz Knee Land"
"Surround"
"Here Today, Gone Tomorrow"
"Posters"
"Timothy"
"Dim"
"Who You Are"
"Puzzle"
"Moon"
"Colour" [Bonus Track]
"Opera" [Bonus Track]
"Little Way" [Bonus Track]
"Here Today, Gone Tomorrow" [Bonus Video]

Personnel

dada
Joie Calio - Guitars, Bass, Percussion, Vocals
Michael Gurley - Guitars, Keyboards, Vocals
Phil Leavitt - Drums, Percussion, Vocals

Additional musicians
Robert Becker - Viola
Henry Corbett - Cello
Bruce Dukov - Violin

Production
Produced By dada & Ken Scott
Recorded & Engineered By Eddie Ashworth, Steve Cormier & Ken Scott
Assistant Engineers: Jan Hovet, Melissa Sewell
Mixed By dada, Ken Scott & Eddie Ashworth
Mastered By Stephen Marcussen
Art Direction and Design By Dale Lavi

References

1992 debut albums
I.R.S. Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Scott
Dada (band) albums


Brain Voyage is an educational video game released for the Nintendo DS in the PAL region and in North America on April 11, 2008, and May 5, 2008, respectively.  The game was first released in the PAL region under the name Dr. Reiner Knizia's Brainbenders.  The player solves puzzles while traveling around the world to iconic global cities and locales that each have five of those puzzles.  Such locations include Cape Town, South Africa; Beijing, China; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; New Mexico, United States; and the Aztec Ruins National Monument.  All of the puzzles were designed by the award-winning board game designer Reiner Knizia.

Reception

Brain Voyage received mixed reviews from critics upon release. On Metacritic, the game holds a score of 52/100 based on 12 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

References

External links
 GameSpot Summary

2008 video games
Nintendo DS-only games
Nintendo DS games
Puzzle video games
Video games based on real people
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Single-player video games
Eidos Interactive games


Last of the Renegades ( and also known as Winnetou: Last of the Renegades) is a 1964 German-Italian Western film directed by Harald Reinl and starring Pierre Brice, Lex Barker, and Anthony Steel. It is based on a Karl May novel, and was part of a series of adaptations produced by Rialto Film. The film is a sequel to Apache Gold.

Cast

Production
It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location in Croatia. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vladimir Tadej.

It was one of a number of films Anthony Steel made in Europe.

Box office
In West Germany, it was the fourth top-grossing film of 1964, selling  tickets and grossing  ().

In the Soviet Union, the film sold  tickets in 1975, equivalent to an estimated  in gross revenue.

This adds up to a total of  tickets sold worldwide, grossing an estimated  in worldwide revenue.

See also
 Karl May film adaptations
 Klaus Kinski filmography

References

Bibliography

External links

 Last of the Renegades at filmportal.de/en

1964 films
1964 Western (genre) films
1960s buddy films
1960s historical films
Constantin Film films
Films directed by Harald Reinl
Films produced by Horst Wendlandt
Films set in New Mexico
Films set in the 19th century
Films shot at Spandau Studios
Films shot in Croatia
Films shot in Slovenia
Films shot in Yugoslavia
French Western (genre) films
German Western (genre) films
German historical films
German sequel films
1960s German-language films
Italian Western (genre) films
Italian historical films
Italian sequel films
1960s Italian-language films
Spaghetti Western films
West German films
Winnetou films
1960s Italian films
1960s German films
Foreign films set in the United States


Dr. Walter Albert Koch (18 September 189525 February 1970) was a German astrologer who founded the Koch House System in Astrology. He was born in Esslingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and died in Göppingen.

Like many German astrologers of those days he was imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp (1941–45). In early 1960s he put forward the Koch House System. He also did research on the psychological and esoteric effects of colors and gems.

Koch House System
Also called the Birthplace House System. Tables for this system first appeared in 1971, in an English translation of the work of Walter Koch. In spite of the claims of priority and originality made for this method, it is but a simple modification of the Alchabitius System.
The following charts display the two house systems for the same time and location. To better compare systems subject to distortion, a high latitude city was chosen (Stockholm, Sweden) and the time corresponds to a long ascension sign (Cancer). For clarity purposes, all the usual aspect lines, degrees and glyphs were removed.

Published works
Psychologische Farbenlehre (1931)
Seele der Edelsteine (1934)
GOH Haeusertafeln (1965)

References

German astrologers
20th-century astrologers
1895 births
1970 deaths


Johannes Christiansen (17 October 1850 – 5 July 1913) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was born in Askim, but moved to Skiptvet. He was deputy mayor from 1884 to 1887 and mayor from 1888 to 1889. He then quit local politics to become a police chief. Nonetheless, he chaired the local school board from 1896 to 1897 and was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1900, representing the constituency of Smaalenenes Amt. He only served one term.

References

1850 births
1913 deaths
Liberal Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Mayors of places in Østfold
People from Askim


Begbroke Science Park is a science park located five miles north of Oxford, England.  It is owned by Oxford University and managed as part of the university's Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division  It lies within the parish of Begbroke, although it is only accessible from the village of Yarnton on the A44.

History
The site has been the home of research facilities since 1960, when the Weed Research Organisation was established there. It was later used as the Technology Centre of the Cookson Group. The site was bought by Oxford University in 1998, arranged by Professor Brian Cantor and supported by the then Registrar, David Hughes, and Vice-Chancellor, Colin Lucas. Brian Cantor became the first academic director from 1998 to 2002.

Professor Peter Dobson was appointed as the academic director in 2002. Since then the Science Park has doubled in size, hosts more than 30 companies and has more than 20 research groups from 6 different University Departments. A new access road opened in 2012.

The university owns  of land surrounding the research park, mainly devoted to agriculture, of which the Science Park is developed on a 10-acre site at the centre.

Research groups

There are over 20 research groups on the site variously from the Departments of Materials, Engineering Science, and Earth Sciences, with Physics, the OeRC and Business Services and Projects all represented in Oxford Supercomputer machine room.
Highlighted areas include:
 Begbroke Nano- Dr Alison Crossley
 Processing of Advanced Materials Laboratory- Patrick Grant
 The Environmental Biotechnology team- Professor Ian Thompson
 Impact Engineering Laboratory - Professor Nik Petrinic
 Solar Energy Materials Initiative Research on Solar Cells
 Oxford Materials Electron Microscopy and Micro analysis Group
 Oxford University Supercomputer

Commercial activities

Begbroke Science Park has over 30 different high tech spin out and start-up companies. In 2017, a new science enterprise centre, known as the Begbroke Innovation Accelerator, was opened in the park as an extension of the Centre for Innovation and Enterprise.

Knowledge transfer

Two Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) units are located on the site:
 Environmental Knowledge Transfer Network (ESKTN), which works across four subject areas: Water management, distributed renewable energy, waste management and resource efficiency and sustainable land management and food production.
 Materials Knowledge Transfer Network, which provides access to the latest technological knowledge and international discoveries on materials: metals, composites, plastics, ceramics, minerals, technical textiles and smart materials. The team at Begbroke specialise in transport applications.

References

External links
Begbroke Science Park website

1960 establishments in England
Economy of Oxfordshire
Parks and open spaces in Oxfordshire
Science and technology in Oxfordshire
Science parks in the United Kingdom
University of Oxford sites


Greensleeves Rhythm Album #5: Punanny is an album in Greensleeves Records' rhythm album series. It was released in November 2000 on CD and LP.  The album features the famous King Jammy's "Punanny" riddim from the 1986 Admiral Bailey hit "Punanny". The first tracks on the album feature currents artists over a re-lick version of the riddim by Ward 21, while the last 10 tracks feature artists over the original riddim.

Track listing
"Punanny Medley" - Various artists
"Pum Pum" - Elephant Man
"Roll Deep" - Beenie Man
"Chuckie Boo" - Mr. Vegas
"Haters Pt. 2" - Ward 21
"Shot Cocky" - Danny English
"Bruk Weh" - Buccaneer
"Man & Woman Fi Dance" - Anthony B
"It's All About Cash" - Lady Saw
"Get U Coffin" - Harry Toddler
"Gimme A Light" - Wayne Marshall
"Five A Day" - Ward 21
"Punanny" - Admiral Bailey
"Healthy Body" - Admiral Bailey
"Halla Fi Body" - Shabba Ranks
"Needle Eye Pum Pum" - Shabba Ranks
"Babylon Boops" - Major Worries
"Yes Mama" - Little John
"Bike Rack" - Johnny P
"Bucket A Shit" - Little Twitch
"Border Clash" - Ninjaman
"Carbon Copy" - Tiger

2000 compilation albums
Reggae compilation albums
Greensleeves Records albums


The Andelle () is a river of Normandy, France,  in length, flowing through the departments of Seine-Maritime and Eure. It is a right tributary of the Seine.

Geography
The Andelle has its source in the Pays de Bray in the territory of the commune of Serqueux. Taking a southward journey, it flows through two French départements:
In Seine-Maritime : Forges-les-Eaux, Rouvray-Catillon, Sigy-en-Bray, Nolléval, Morville-sur-Andelle, Le Héron, Elbeuf-sur-Andelle and Croisy-sur-Andelle.
In the Eure : Vascœuil, Perruel, Perriers-sur-Andelle, Charleval, Fleury-sur-Andelle, Radepont, Douville-sur-Andelle, Pont-Saint-Pierre, Romilly-sur-Andelle and Pîtres where it joins the Seine on its right bank.
The average flow of the Andelle at Pitres, where it joins the Seine, is 7.2 m³ / second.

See also
French water management scheme

Bibliography
Albert Hennetier, Aux sources normandes: Promenade au fil des rivières en Seine-Maritime, Ed. Bertout, Luneray, 2006

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Normandy
Rivers of Seine-Maritime
Rivers of Eure


Slamet A. Sjukur (30 June 1935 – 24 March 2015) was the founding father of contemporary Indonesian music. He studied and worked in Paris under Olivier Messiaen and Henri Dutilleux. He was a lecturer at IKJ (Institut Kesenian Jakarta) but because of his unconventional ideas, he finally had to leave. He had been living in Jakarta and Surabaya as a freelance composer, teacher and music critic. Developing the idea of minimax in music, his compositions are "notable for their minimal constellation of sounds and for their numerological basis which indicate the composer’s interest in a new ‘ecology of music’".
This idea views limitation not as obstructions but as a challenge to work with a simple material, maximally.

His honors include the Bronze Medal from the Festival de Jeux d’Automne in Dijon (1974), the Golden Record from the Académie Charles Cros in France (1975, for Angklung) and the Zoltán Kodály Commemorative Medal in Hungary (1983). More recently, Gatra named him a Pioneer of Alternative Music (1996) and he was made an Officier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2000) and a life member of the Akademi Jakarta (2002). Some of his prominent students include Gilang Ramadhan and Soe Tjen Marching.

Complete list of works
STAGE: Sangkuriang (miniature opera, libretto by Utuy T. Sontani), mixed chorus, 1958; Latigrak (ballet music, choreography by Frédéric Franchini), gamelan orchestra, tape, 1963; Parentheses VI, low-voiced comedian, 2 dancers, flute, 2 guitars, whistling tupies, some gamelan instruments, 1983; Migrasi (music theatre work, text by Afrizal Malna), 1993; Spiral, female dancer, flute, piano, 1993; Awang-Uwung (dance music, choreography by Suprapto Suryodarmo - see Amerta Movement), 2 genders (gamelan instruments), 1994; Marsinah (incidental music, play by Ratna Sarumpaet), ensemble (specially made instruments), 1994

GAMELAN: GAME-Land for full sundanese gamelan orchestra slendro-pelog and female voice (2004/orchestra); GAME-Land 2 for javanese gamelan orchestra slendro (2005/orchestra).

ORCHESTRAL: Õm, 14 strings, 1995; Concerto, arpegina (5-string viola), string orchestra, 2002

CHAMBER MUSIC: Bulan Hijau, clarinet, piano, 1960; Point contre (players also speak), trumpet, harp, percussion, 1969; Ronda Malam, angklung ensemble, 1975 (section of Angklung; may be performed separately); Kangen, 3 shakuhachi, kokyu, Japanese percussion, 1986; Suwung, flute, 1988; Ji-Lala-Ji, 2 players (flutes, percussion), 1989; Cucuku-Cu, guitar, 1990 (also version for 5 pianos 20 hands); Lesung, synthesizer, 1992; Uwek-Uwek, 2 mouth explorers, 1-2 djembés, 1992; Minimax, variable spatial ensemble, 1993; Jawara, percussion, 1993; ‘The Source, Where the Sound Returns’, clarinet, cello, piano, 1999; Dedicace-1, arpegina/viola, 2000; PAHA for brass quintet (2006/chamber music); KUTANG for cl, bsn, tpt, tbn, percussions, violin and db (2007/chamber music)

CHORAL: Angklung, mixed chorus (+ angklungs), angklung ensemble, 1975 (one section, Ronda Malam, angklung ensemble, may be performed separately); Muni, mixed chorus (+ karunding [bamboo jaw harps]), 1998

VOCAL: Bunga, Weekend and Kabut (texts by Sitor Situmorang, Toto Sidarto Bachtiar), voice, piano, 1960; Mais, ces oiseaux, mezzo-soprano, baritone, clarinet, violin, viola, cello, 1967; Parentheses V (text by Chairil Anwar), mezzo-soprano, 4 celli, 1981; Gelandangan, female voice, karunding, 1999 (version of work for karunding, tape); Sunyi, soprano, 2 cellular phones, small orchestra, 2002

PIANO: Tobor, 1961; Svara, 1979; NZ, prepared piano, 1992; Cucuku-Cu, 5 pianos 20 hands, 1992 (version of guitar work); Yu-Taha, 1997

ELECTROACOUSTIC: Astral, tape, 1984; Gelandangan, karunding, tape, 1998 (also version for female voice, karunding, 1999)

MULTIMEDIA: Parentheses I-II (dance music, choreography by Denis Carrey), female dancer, suspended chair, piano, lights, 1972; Parentheses IV, 2 dancers, flute, 2 electric guitars, violin, cello, prepared piano, synthesizer, percussion, live painting, 1973; Parentheses III (dancers also speak, text by Ronald D. Laing, choreography by Samuelina Tahija), coloratura soprano, male speaker, 2 dancers, choreographed conductor, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, string quartet, large sculpture (by Elizabeth Gleason), 1975; Jakarta 450 Tahun (environmental work), unlimited sounds of Jakarta, 1977; Wangi, female dancer, gamelan orchestra, lights, 1999

FILM SCORE (DIRECTOR): Aku Perempuan Dan Laki-Laki Itu, 1996 (Aria Kusumadewa, Afrizal Malna)

He was working on GAME-Land 3 for brass sextet, and MIRA konserto for piano, saluang and orchestra.

References

External links
This issue of Balungan published by the American Gamelan Institute, includes Syukur's piece Tetabuhan Sungut for a cappella voices, using motifs from different styles of gamelan.

2015 deaths
Indonesian composers
People from Surabaya
1935 births
20th-century classical composers
20th-century male musicians
21st-century classical composers
21st-century male musicians
Male classical composers


Joe Bush is a legendary ghost that allegedly haunts the Sumpter Valley Gold Dredge in Sumpter, Oregon, United States. According to legend, dredge workers on the No. 42 dredge at Sumpter Valley claim the ghost leaves wet, bare footprints on the dredge's decks, causes lights to flicker, and doors to open and close unexpectedly. The ghost of Joe Bush also makes an appearance in the book series Skeleton Creek.

History
According to Wes Dickson, an employee of the Sumpter dredge during the 1940s, "it all started as a joke, and I'd blame George Hansen", explaining that Hansen was a fellow employee who spread the legend of Joe Bush. George Hansen said that, "anything that happened on the dredge, or something went wrong, it was Joe Bush".

Popular culture
In the Skeleton Creek book series, a man named Henry trying to get gold from the dredge pretends to be the ghost of Joe Bush.

See also
List of ghosts
Madam Koi Koi

References

External links
Montana Standard article about the ghost of Joe Bush
Lisa Britton, The Legend of Joe Bush, Baker City Herald, October 31, 2007.
Lisa Britton, Sumpter's Spooky Old Dredge Inspires Author's Ghostly Tale, Baker City Herald, February 10, 2009.

American ghosts
Baker County, Oregon


Elizabeth Muthuka (born 1975) is runner form Kenya who concentrates on 400 metres. Her surname is sometimes spelled Muthoka.

Muthuka won 100, 200 and 400 metres races at the 2005 Kenyan Athletics Championships and has won number of national championships since then. She competed at the 2006 African Championships in Athletics 400 metres race. She reached the semifinals at the 2007 All-Africa Games. At the 2008 African Championships she finished 7th in 400 metres final  and helped the Kenyan 4*400 metres relay team to reach the final. However, she did not take part in the final, where Kenya finished second.

She broke the 400 metres Kenyan record at the Kenyan Championships in July 2008 by running 51.53. The previous record, 51.56 by Ruth Waithera was set in 1984. A week later she lowered the record to 50.82 at the Kenyan Olympic trials. She was selected to compete for Kenya at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She had, however, failed a doping test at the Kenyan athletics championships and thus did not compete at the Olympics. She tested positive for Nandrolone and was given a two-year ban by Athletics Kenya. In addition, her 400 metres Kenyan records were erased.

She had returned to competition in early 2011.

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
Kenyan female sprinters
Doping cases in athletics
Kenyan sportspeople in doping cases
Athletes (track and field) at the 2007 All-Africa Games
African Games competitors for Kenya


The Lincoln County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Kemmerer, the county seat of Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States.  The courthouse's architecture is an unusual mixture of the Beaux-Arts and Classical Revival styles.  Built in 1925, it was designed by the Salt Lake City architectural company of Headlund & Watkins.  Located at the intersection of Sage Avenue and Garnet Street, the courthouse includes a high dome and classical façade, supported by large brick walls.

Functions
The courthouse remains functional today, housing the offices of the county commissioners and offices such as the county assessor, county clerk, and county treasurer.  Not all county offices use the courthouse; for example, the sheriff's office is located on a different street.

Recognition
Located adjacent to the courthouse is the Lincoln County War Memorial.  Dedicated on June 1, 1990, the memorial honors residents of Lincoln County who were killed in World War I, World War II, and the Korean and Vietnam Wars.

On November 8, 1984, the courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming

References

External links
County website
Lincoln County Courthouse at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Government buildings completed in 1925
Beaux-Arts architecture in Wyoming
Neoclassical architecture in Wyoming
County courthouses in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Lincoln County, Wyoming
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Wyoming
Kemmerer, Wyoming


The 2008 Congressional election for the Delegate from Guam's At-large congressional district was held on November 4, 2008.

The non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives from Guam is elected for two-year terms. Incumbent Democrat Madeleine Bordallo ran unopposed and is now serving in the 111th Congress from January 4, 2009, until her term of office expires on January 3, 2011.  The election coincided with the 2008 U.S. presidential election.

Results

See also
Guamanian general election, 2008

References

External links
 Guam Election Commission: List of candidates for 2008 General election by office

2008
Guam
United States House of Representatives


Karl Anton Sanderød (21 March 1855 – 1924) was a Norwegian politician.

Personal life
He was born at Røsland as the son of Ole Knutsen Sanderød (1828–1907) and Anne Helene Abrahamsdatter (1830–1908).

In 1879 he married Marie Ringdal (1850–1923) from Drammen. They had one son, born in 1881.

Career
He worked in the police sergeant's office in Våle from 1869 to 1879. From 1876 to 1879 he was also municipal treasurer. He then moved to Ramnes to become a police sergeant. Here, he was a member of the municipal council from 1888 to 1900. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1900, representing the constituency of Jarlsberg og Larviks Amt. He had previously been a deputy representative from 1898 to 1900. One of his primary concerns was the establishment of the Tønsberg–Eidsfoss Line, which was opened in 1901.

In 1903 he moved from Ramnes to Barkåker in Sem to work as a police sergeant there. He was a member of the municipal council from 1908 to 1910. He retired in 1920, and died in 1924.

References

1855 births
1924 deaths
Members of the Storting
Vestfold politicians
People from Re, Norway


Peggy Garner may refer to:

 Peggy Ann Garner (1932–1984), American actress
Margaret Garner, known as Peggy Garner, enslaved African-American woman in pre–Civil War America


On the NBC morning news program Today, the designation "special edition" often applies to instances wherein one or both hosts anchor the program from a location other than Studio 1-A, or in the event of significant news developments. The edition also can start before the usual 7am ET start time in all time zones or go past the usual endtime of 11am ET. The expansion of an episode is not at all unusual, usually for planned long-duration news events such as presidential inaugurations or elections. The first such expanded edition came on January 20, 1953, with the inauguration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Breaking news can also extend the show's hours: during the 7 July 2005 London bombings and Friday following the Boston Marathon bombing, Today remained on the air for six hours, from 7am to 1pm EDT.

Most special editions are introduced as "From NBC News, this is a special edition of Today".

These were just some of the special editions of Today that were broadcast.

1950s

1952

February
When news of the death of Britain’s King George VI reached New York in the early morning hours of Wednesday, February 6, 1952, the plan for that morning’s show was thrown out and the program instead covered the monarch’s death. News anchor Jim Fleming helped lead coverage that day, and live analysis was provided by NBC foreign correspondent H.V. Kaltenborn.

March
In part to bring the new show to a wider audience, NBC partnered with Time Magazine to produce a special primetime edition of Today. Dave Garroway, Jack Lescoulie and Jim Fleming anchored the half-hour edition, which aired at 9pm ET on Monday, March 31, 1952.

July
Today staff covered the 1952 Republican National Convention in Chicago from July 7–11, 1952. News anchor Jim Fleming traveled to Chicago, and Dave Garroway and Jack Lescoulie remained in New York. To bring the event to the nation, 55 microphones were placed around the convention hall, along with eight cameras and miles of coaxial cables. Ten cities were added to the NBC network for the event, mainly west of the Mississippi River, bringing the estimated audience to some 70,000,000 Americans. The same procedure was followed for the Democratic  National Convention, held in the same building July 21–26.

1953

January
January 20, 1953: Today'''s first presidential inauguration coverage—the first inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Dave Garroway and Jack Lescoulie anchored from New York. News anchor Jim Fleming broadcast from Washington for the day's coverage. NBC correspondent Merrill Mueller demonstrated the network's first portable Vidicon television camera, employed for the first time that day.

March
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin died on March 5, 1953. The time difference between Moscow and New York meant Today would get first crack at the story. The hastily assembled show that morning included analysis from Today news anchor Jim Fleming, who once worked in NBC's Moscow bureau, and veteran NBC foreign correspondent Hans von Kaltenborn. Alexander Kerensky, a former leader of the Russian Provisional Government, was awakened and brought to the RCA Exhibition Hall to add his commentary on Stalin's death.

Twelve days later, March 17, 1953, Garroway hosted the show from the Nevada Test Site to cover an atomic bomb test. The nuclear detonation was carried live on Today at 8:20am ET (5:20am local time).

June
Tuesday morning, June 2, 1953: Today covered the coronation of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, in collaboration with the BBC. The BBC provided live audio of the ceremonies. Still pictures taken from television screens in London were faxed to the RCA Exhibition Hall studio, where Garroway would show them to viewers. Multiple correspondents from both NBC and the BBC offered commentary and analysis, both in-studio and on location at Westminster Abbey. Coronation coverage began at 5am EDT and concluded at 9am EDT.

1955

January
The show originated from Miami Beach the week of January 10–14, 1955. The trip was a coordinated effort among Today, Tonight Starring Steve Allen and Home with Arlene Francis. A blurb in the New York Times promised "Seminole Indians wrestling eight-foot alligators, an underwater sound interview and a Dixieland band."

OctoberToday originated from Kansas City, Missouri, on Tuesday, October 18, and Wednesday, October 19.

1956

AprilToday broadcast from Los Angeles the week of April 30 – May 4, 1956, in part to inaugurate cross-country NBC News service. In an unusual step Chet Huntley, who helped launch the Huntley-Brinkley Report later that year, anchored alongside Dave Garroway for the week.

July
Thursday, July 26, 1956: Coverage of the overnight sinking of the Italian ocean liner , which foundered off the coast of Massachusetts. Home-movie film of the aftermath, shot by a passenger, was secured by a Today producer and broadcast on the show. Reporters Paul Cunningham and Dick McCutcheon provided analysis of the collision and subsequent sinking.

August
Monday, August 20, 1956, Garroway and Lescoulie hosted the show from San Francisco, part of NBC's coverage of the 1956 Democratic National Convention.

OctoberToday originated from New Orleans, Louisiana, on October 19, 1956. Segments included a performance from the Al Hirt Dixieland Jazz Band.

1957

September
September 2–6, 1957, Today originated from Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the first time an American network program broadcast from outside the United States for an extended period.

October
The entire first hour of the Wednesday, October 2, 1957, edition was dedicated to a discussion of racial issues in America, moderated by Dave Garroway. Guests included American Civil Liberties Union Chairman Ernest Angel, Reverend Theodore Braun, Mississippi Senator James Eastland, and National Urban League director Lester Granger. The hour mixed live discussion and commentary with taped reports from northern and southern cities.

1959

April
The week of April 27–May 1, 1959, Today originated from Paris, France. Garroway and company spent a week in the French capital, focusing on the art, culture, history and politics of France. Brigitte Bardot and Charles Van Doren appeared on the show. In the days before satellite communications, the Paris shows could not be broadcast live in the United States. Each day's edition was filmed in advance, developed, edited and flown back to New York to be shown the next morning. Both the Paris 1959 and Rome 1960 remotes were broadcast in this manner.

September
The Tuesday, September 15, 1959, edition of the show was dedicated to an in-depth examination of the life and politics of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, tied to Krushchev's visit to the United States that week. Guests included reporters Martin Agronsky and Harrison Salisbury, along with George Allen, then-director of the U.S. Office of Information.

1960s

1960

January
The eighth anniversary show, broadcast on Thursday, January 14, 1960, was taped entirely in Washington, D.C. Garroway and company visited the Library of Congress. Garroway interviewed then-Senator Everett Dirksen and Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn. The cast toured the Supreme Court building and the White House, and Garroway delivered a commentary on the history of the White House while standing in front of the building.

April
The week of April 11–15, 1960, Today traveled to Rome, Italy. The Spanish Steps and the Coliseum were toured. Garroway interviewed actor Peter Ustinov, and examples of the culture and society of Italy were demonstrated. The Vatican was toured on Good Friday, April 16. As with the Paris remote the previous year, the Rome segments featuring Garroway and Jack Lescoulie were pre-taped and sent to New York to be spliced with live news updates anchored by Frank Blair and Florence Henderson.

1962

April
Host John Chancellor, along with Frank Blair, anchored the show from the 1962 World's Fair on Thursday, April 26, 1962. Blair demonstrated a machine that calculated satellite orbits. Chancellor toured a "home of the future" and tried out a computerized library card catalog. The trip marked Todays first broadcast from Seattle, Washington.

1963

May
Thursday morning, May 16, 1963, Today went on the air at 1:15am Eastern Time to provide overnight coverage of Mercury astronaut Gordon Cooper's flight. The 22-orbit mission marked the end of Project Mercury.

November
{{multiple image|footer=Today'''s coverage of the assassination and funeral of JFK. On left, host Hugh Downs alongside contributor Barbara Walters co-anchor Today the day after the assassination. Right, Walters reporting from outside the Capitol on the morning of the funeral, the first time she reported on a national event.|align=right | image1=Downs Walters 11-23-63.png|image2=Barbara Walters on NBC Today 11-25-1963.png|width2=200|width1=200}}
On November 23, 1963, Today aired a special three-hour Saturday program recapping the assassination of President John F. Kennedy the previous day. Host Hugh Downs, Jack Lescoulie, and newsreader Frank Blair anchored the broadcast. In the opening minutes, Downs noted that the atmosphere that day "was very different" from what he had ever previously experienced. Lescoulie recalled how traffic in New York City after the assassination was at a standstill, and that telephone circuits were jammed. Downs added that as the hours passed, the country's grief would turn into a "more historic kind of grief." Man-on-the-street reports were gathered by Barbara Walters. Sander Vanocur reported from the White House, with Martin Agronsky in Washington and Pauline Frederick at the United Nations in New York.

The Monday, November 25, 1963, edition covered President Kennedy's funeral. Downs anchored from an NBC Washington studio, while Blair, Walters, and Vanocur in Washington provided standup reports. For Walters, this marked the first time she had reported on a national event, as she reported from outside the United States Capitol, where Kennedy lay in state, saying, "These are the honor guards who have been guarding the casket of President Kennedy."

1964

July
The week of Monday, July 6, through Thursday, July 9, 1964, Today broadcast from the Republican National Convention in San Francisco. Downs, Blair, Lescoulie and Maureen O'Sullivan hosted the show from the lobby of the Hilton Hotel.

1965

February
The morning of February 22, 1965, saw a special expanded edition covering the assassination of Malcolm X the day before. Today ran coverage until 11am.

May
Following the launch of NASA's Early Bird satellite on May 3, 1965, Today cast and crew traveled to Europe for a special live broadcast of the show. Host Hugh Downs was stationed at Westminster Abbey in London, Barbara Walters was in Paris, Jack Lescoulie was in Amsterdam, and Frank Blair reported from the steps of the United States Capitol in Washington. Pope Paul VI read a message live from the Vatican, marveling at the communications now possible between nations.

1967

March
A television news strike in the spring of 1967 forced Today into an awkward position: either go on the air hostless, as Hugh Downs joined the picket line, or play back a rerun of a previous edition. The network went with the latter solution on Monday, March 29, 1967. Viewers instead saw a rerun of the July 4, 1966, edition of the program.

1968

April
The April 5, 1968, edition of the program covered the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. the day before, Today expanded until 10am.

June
Thursday morning, June 6, 1968, saw a special edition continuing NBC's overnight coverage of the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Today coverage ran until 10am EDT.

1969

July
Hugh Downs traveled to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to anchor Today on Wednesday, July 16, 1969, the day Apollo 11 lifted off on its journey to the Moon. Frank Blair anchored newscasts from an NBC News space-themed studio in New York.

1970s

1971

October
Friday, October 15, 1971, saw an expanded edition of the show, broadcast live from Persepolis, Iran. The show commemorated the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire. Frank McGee remained in New York, while Walters anchored from Persepolis. The program ran until 10am EDT.

1973

January
On Wednesday, January 24, 1973, Today expanded to 3 hours and broadcast from Washington as McGee and Barbara Walters reported on the latest developments in the cease-fire agreement to end the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, as President Richard Nixon gave a speech to reach the agreement the night before. They also reported on the preparations in Washington for the state funeral of former president Lyndon B. Johnson, whose body was flown to Washington from Texas that morning.

On Thursday, January 25, 1973, Today, like the day before, expanded to 3 hours and broadcast from Washington in order to allow McGee and Walters to anchor live coverage of the state funeral for President Johnson. At 10am, EST, the Today portion of coverage ended, with newscaster David Brinkley in Washington taking over from that point until the conclusion of the ceremony and analysis. McGee said before the handover, "This concludes the Today program's special extended coverage of the final ceremonies and funeral services for former president Lyndon Johnson. NBC News will continue its full coverage of the funeral with David Brinkley commenting after this brief pause for station identification."

1974

August

On Friday morning, August 9, 1974, Today was expanded to five hours and broadcast from Washington to cover the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Walters and Hartz co-anchor, with NBC News Washington correspondent Douglas Kiker providing live commentary during Nixon's final speech from the White House and the family's departure via helicopter to California that morning. As with the funeral for President Johnson a year and a half earlier, the main division of NBC News took over coverage from Today about thirty minutes or so before Gerald Ford took the oath of office, with Nightly News anchor John Chancellor, Kiker, then-correspondent Ron Nessen, Tom Pettit, Tom Brokaw, John Cochran, and Catherine Mackin commenting.

1975

March
Friday, March 14, 1975, marked the end of Frank Blair's 23-year tenure as Todays newsreader. A special farewell edition featured visits from Jack Lescoulie, John Chancellor, Edwin Newman and former "Women's Editor" Estelle Parsons.

July
A special three-hour edition on Tuesday, July 15, 1975, covered the launch of Soyuz 19. The Soyuz launch, a part of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, was the first Soviet launch ever telecast, as well as a first for American television. Jim Hartz and Barbara Walters anchored.

1976
Throughout 1975 and 1976, Today anchors Jim Hartz and Barbara Walters traveled the country to celebrate the American Bicentennial. Each Friday morning, one or both hosts would anchor the show from one of the fifty states.

July
NASA's Viking 1 spacecraft landed on Mars on Tuesday, July 20, 1976. Today mounted a three-hour special chronicling the landing. Lloyd Dobyns and Gene Shalit substituted for Hartz. NBC's Roy Neal reported from Viking mission control at JPL in Pasadena, California. Viking 1 touchdown took place within the show's first hour in the Eastern Time Zone. The first transmitted pictures began to trickle in during the 8am EDT hour. Dobyns, Neal and Shalit continued coverage into the 9am hour as more pictures and data streamed in. Carl Sagan and Isaac Asimov were in attendance at JPL, and Neal conducted a live interview with both men shortly after touchdown.

1980s

1980

The show airing on December 9, 1980, was a special edition from New York as co-anchors Tom Brokaw and Jane Pauley covered the assassination of singer-songwriter and Beatle John Lennon the night before. NBC News correspondents reported on Lennon's assassination and public reaction toward the shooting.

1981

March
The show airing on March 31, 1981, was broadcast from Washington, as part of its coverage of the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan the day before. Brokaw and Pauley anchored.

May
On May 14, 1981, Tom Brokaw was stationed in St. Peter's Square in Rome to cover the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II the previous day.

July
On July 29, 1981, the program originated from London with Tom Brokaw and Jane Pauley commenting on the wedding of the Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer. Additional analysis was provided by Tina Brown.

October
Just before the 7:24am station break on the morning of October 6, 1981, word reached NBC of the shooting of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat. Tom Brokaw announced what was known at the time, then threw to the commercial break. Upon returning at 7:30, Brokaw began what turned out to be seven-and-a-half hours of coverage—a Today record. NBC's Cairo bureau chief Art Kent provided live telephone reports, as Egyptian television stations ceased broadcast in the chaotic aftermath of the shooting. In studio and over the phone, Brokaw interviewed experts on the Middle East, foreign policy and international relations until 3pm, Eastern Time. NBC Nightly News anchor John Chancellor anchored with Brokaw.

1985

May
The week of May 20 to 24, 1985, Gumbel, Pauley and Scott took the show on the rails. The "Today Express" was a specially outfitted passenger train that took the cast and crew to special broadcasts in Houston, New Orleans, Memphis, Indianapolis and Cincinnati.

August
August 19, 1985, brought Today back to its streetside roots with "Today at Night," a special primetime broadcast from the Channel Gardens at Rockefeller Center. Guests for the nighttime broadcast included then-House Speaker Tip O'Neill, Don Johnson and Philip Michael Thomas of Miami Vice. Infamously, this primetime special was interrupted by David Letterman who, during the live filming of the show, announced over a bullhorn that he was the president of NBC News and that he was not wearing pants. The incident aired on that night's episode of Late Night with David Letterman and sparked a feud between Gumbel and Letterman.

1986

January
On Wednesday morning, January 29, 1986, a special edition covered the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster the previous day. Former astronauts David Scott and Alan Bean, former Flight Director Gerry Griffin and Senators Jake Garn and Pete Domenici were among the guests providing analysis and commentary on the tragedy.

May
On the week of May 19, 1986, the special week-long 2-hour edition was live from the SS Norway.  Aboard was the hosts Bryant Gumbel and Jane Pauley, and the man with the weather that time was Willard Scott.  During that week, the SS Norway traveled from the Carolinas to South Florida.

July
On Wednesday Morning, July 23, 1986, a special edition covered the Wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey in London.  With hosts Bryant Gumbel and Jane Pauley from their booth little far away from Buckingham Palace.

1989

May
Today spent the third week of May 1989, traveling down the West Coast. Gumbel, Pauley and Scott kicked off the trip in Seattle on Monday, May 22. Portland hosted the cast on Tuesday, May 23. Segments profiled the logging industry and deserts of eastern Oregon. The Wednesday, May 24, show originated from San Francisco and featured discussions about AIDS research and California cuisine. Thursday, May 25, the cast traveled to Los Angeles, and the week concluded with a stop in San Diego on Friday, May 26.

October
The October 18, 1989, edition covered the Loma Prieta earthquake the day before. The show ran until noon Eastern Time. Gumbel, Pauley and Norville anchored from Chicago (where they had planned to originally do a special celebratory edition), with reports done by Bob Jamieson and Don Oliver in San Francisco, and George Lewis in Oakland. Jim Miklasewski and Bob Hager covered disaster response from Washington. NBC Sports commentators Bob Costas and Jimmy Cefalo discussed the effect the temblor would have on the 1989 World Series.<ref>NBC News "Today" rundown, October 18, 1989</ref>

1990s

1994

January
A 6.7-magnitude earthquake struck southern California on Monday morning, January 17, 1994. Today was in progress; when news reached the studio at 7:47am EST, Bryant Gumbel and Katie Couric broke format and interviewed witnesses via phone. When the sun rose on the West Coast, allowing pictures of the damage to come in, they switched to a mix of audio and video reports from survivors, emergency respondents and officials. Today remained on until noon Eastern Time.

May
On the day following the death of Ayrton Senna, a special edition of Today was held to cover the latest developments. Couric and Gumbel had coverage from New York. NBC had permission from the Globo television network and Eduardo Souto Neto to use the Victory's Theme in a montage with the best moments of Senna at the end of the show.

A special edition of Today was held to cover the funeral of Jacqueline Kennedy. Couric and Gumbel had coverage from New York. The coverage lasted four hours before switching to NBC News Special Reports.

June
NBC News devoted significant resources to covering the 50th anniversary of the D-Day invasion. Two special editions of Today were produced that weekend. The first, on Friday, June 3, 1994, featured Bryant Gumbel in Normandy, with Katie Couric anchoring in New York. The second took place on D-Day itself, Monday, June 6. Gumbel and Couric anchored five hours of coverage from Omaha Beach, and were joined for most of the day by Nightly News anchor Tom Brokaw.

1995

April
The show airing on April 20, 1995, was a special edition covering the Oklahoma City bombing the previous day. Gumbel reported from Oklahoma City.

1996

July
The show airing on July 18, 1996, was a special edition covering the TWA Flight 800 crash the night before.

1997

January
The show airing on January 3, 1997, was a celebration of Bryant Gumbel's run on the program, the day before the 15th anniversary of his debut on January 4, 1982.

April
On April 7, 1997, the show was broadcast live from Las Vegas with Katie, Matt and Al live on the trip and Ann live from KVBC-TV (now KSNV), the NBC affiliate in Las Vegas.

September
On September 6, 1997, the show was expanded in order to cover the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales. Matt Lauer anchored from Studio 1A in New York, while Couric and Tom Brokaw anchored from Westminster Abbey in Britain.

1999
The show airing on April 21, 1999, covered the Columbine High School Massacre with Lauer in New York, and Couric on-site in Littleton, Colorado.

2000s

2000

November
The show airing on November 8, 2000, the morning after the contested presidential election in the United States, was the most-watched edition of the program in its history, with 12 million viewers, double the normal audience, tuning in.

2001

September
When terrorists attacked the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001, Today was on the air. Lauer interrupted an interview with author Richard Hack and announced that there was a breaking story in progress at 8:52am EDT, but threw to a commercial break when pictures were not available. Today returned indefinitely at 8:53am ET with Lauer, Couric, and Roker commenting on the events from the couch area of Studio 1A, initially reported as an accident. When United Flight 175 crashed at 9:02:58am, it was seen live on the program. Katie Couric handled the initial reports of the attack on The Pentagon as Lauer joined Tom Brokaw at the anchor desk. The broadcast restarted at 10:30am EDT, moments after the collapse of One World Trade Center. Couric, Lauer and Brokaw anchored live coverage under the production of the Today team until 1pm EDT when Brokaw anchored an NBC News Special Report from NBC News Headquarters in 30 Rockefeller Plaza. NBC News Chief Foreign Affairs Correspondent Andrea Mitchell wrote in her memoir Talking Back that her husband, then Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, received his first briefing on the attacks when she summarized events for Brokaw on the air with her cell phone in her lap. Couric and Lauer anchored a special report from 5pm until 6:30pm so Brokaw could prepare for a special, expanded edition of NBC Nightly News, airing from the observation deck atop 30 Rockefeller Plaza, and continuing NBC News live coverage throughout the evening. Today expanded to six hours daily for the remainder of the week that followed the attacks. Beginning with the fifth anniversary of the attacks, on September 11, 2006, MSNBC replayed Today as it covered the attacks.

2002

January
The show airing on January 14, 2002, was a three-hour long celebration of the show's 50th anniversary. It was branded "A very special edition of 'Today.'" Anniversary shows often abandon typical format (outside of top-of-the-hour news updates) in favor of clips of old shows, interviews with previous hosts and other special segments tied to the occasion. For this show, the original opening music and intro to the show from 1952 was used, and several retrospectives were aired from former anchors, guests, producers and viewers.

September
On September 11, 2002, the show was extended to six hours (broadcasting until 1pm Eastern Time) for a special edition covering the anniversary of the terrorist attacks from one year earlier.

2003

April
On April 9, 2003 Today aired live until noon EST when U.S. troops entered Baghdad. Lester Holt filled in for Lauer, hosting alongside Katie Couric. Today coverage was restarted as an NBC News Special Report at 9:12am EST and Tom Brokaw joined Couric in Studio 1A until taking over the coverage from NBC News headquarters in 30 Rockefeller Plaza at noon.

2005

April
When Pope John Paul II died on Saturday, April 2, 2005, Katie Couric and Matt Lauer anchored the weekend editions of the Today show. Lauer anchored from the Vatican with Campbell Brown offering reports by his side. On the day of the Pope's death, Couric anchored a special report on a Vatican statement updating the Pope's dire condition and Lauer reported for the bulletin anchored by Brian Williams when the Pope was officially dead. He returned to New York as Couric traveled to Vatican City to co-anchor coverage of the Pope's funeral with Williams.

JulyToday aired a live, six-hour special edition similar to that of the September 11, 2001 attacks after the London transit bombings on July 7, 2005. The show was anchored by Couric, along with Lester Holt substituting for a vacationing Matt Lauer. The program began at 7am EDT as usual, but then went live in all time zones until 1pm EDT, instead of the usual tape-delay format. Frequent updates from NBC correspondents Ron Allen and James Hattori in London were augmented by stateside analysis from terrorism expert Roger Cressey. Today broke format multiple times for NBC News Special Reports covering remarks from both President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair, at the G8 Summit in Gleneagles, Scotland.

The next day's show was labeled a special edition. Campbell Brown's large presence during that day's coverage, in addition to her presence on the show during the death of Pope John Paul II fueled speculation she would replace Couric in the near future.

AugustWeekend Today offered an expanded edition on Saturday morning, August 27, as Hurricane Katrina bore down on the U.S. Gulf Coast. Campbell Brown and David Gregory anchored from New York, and the show ran for an additional hour, until 10am EDT.

The Today staff produced a six-hour edition of the show on Monday, August 29, as Hurricane Katrina made landfall along the Gulf Coast. Brian Williams phoned in reports from the Louisiana Superdome and correspondents on the Louisiana and Mississippi coasts filed spotty phone and video reports. Shows in the storm's wake often carried the "special edition" branding, as Katie Couric, Campbell Brown, Lester Holt and others were stationed along the Gulf Coast instead of Studio 1-A. Remarks from President Bush and other emergency officials were often integrated into Todays coverage cycle.

2006

May
The show airing on May 31, 2006, was a three-hour long celebration of Katie Couric's run on the show.

July
On July 12, 2006, Matt Lauer traveled to St. Petersburg, Russia, airing his interview with Russian President, Vladimir Putin.

August
On August 10, 2006, in response to the foiled terror plot in London, Today broadcast live in its timeslot for all time zones, and Matt Lauer anchored three NBC News Special Reports live in all time zones, at 6am EDT to report on the details of the story, at 8am EDT when U.S. counter-terrorism officials held a news conference at the Department of Homeland Security in Washington, D.C., and at 11:45am EDT when President Bush made remarks upon landing in Wisconsin from just outside Air Force One.

On Tuesday, August 29, 2006, Today marked the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina's landfall. Lauer and Curry anchored from New York, while Brian Williams, Campbell Brown, Lester Holt and many other NBC News correspondents reported from the Gulf Coast. The show featured interviews with New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin and former Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Director Michael Brown, and first lady Laura Bush.

September
Another long-format special edition was aired on Monday, September 11, 2006, to mark the fifth anniversary of the 2001 attacks. Matt Lauer anchored the coverage from Ground Zero and was joined by Tom Brokaw and Campbell Brown. Ann Curry was in the temporary outdoor studio in Rockefeller Plaza. Lester Holt reported from the Pentagon and Natalie Morales was stationed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. For viewers in the New York Market, WNBC broke away from Today at 8:25am EDT to give detailed coverage of the observance at Ground Zero, anchored by the team at Today in New York, as they have done every year.

2007

January
The show airing on January 2, 2007, covered the funeral of former president Gerald Ford with Meredith Vieira in Studio 1A and Matt Lauer in Washington. The show was cut to two hours, allowing Brian Williams to assume coverage at 9am EST.

On January 17, 2007, Matt Lauer, Meredith Vieira, Ann Curry, and Al Roker Broadcast this program from Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

April
The April 17 and 18, 2007, editions of the show with Lauer and Vieira reporting live on the Virginia Tech massacre. Tuesday's show ran four hours, until 11am EDT.

November
From November 5 to 9, 2007, Today launched a miniseries of unprecedented broadcasts. "Today Goes to the Ends of the Earth" was a broadcast in which Lauer reported from the Arctic Circle, Roker reported from the Equator and Curry reported from McMurdo Station in Antarctica and on November 9 from the South Pole via videotape. Vieira tied the segments together, anchoring live from Studio 1-A. The effort was designed to highlight the causes and effects of global warming as a part of NBC Universal's "Green is Universal" campaign.

On Tuesday, November 20, 2007, a split edition billed as a "Thanksgiving Travel Countdown" placed Vieira at Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta, the nation's busiest. Other correspondents reported Chicago O'Hare International Airport and LaGuardia Airport. Lauer remained in Studio 1-A.

2008

January
On Tuesday, January 29, 2008, a special split edition placed Vieira outside Buckingham Palace. She had an exclusive interview with The Duke of York featuring updates on the British Royal Family.

February
On February 4 and 5, 2008, Today covered the Super Tuesday primaries and caucuses. Andrea Mitchell covered the Democratic side, and David Gregory covered the Republican side. Lauer and Vieira remained in New York.

On February 12, 2008, Meredith Vieira and Al Roker were both live at Georgia Aquarium. They reported on information covering the aquarium and had reports on the fish and, how the crew feeds them and keep them healthy. This special edition was a split edition with Matt Lauer live in Studio 1-A.

On February 21 and 22, 2008, the cast and crew aired a two-day special called "Today Takes a Winter Break". On the first day, Lauer, Vieira, Curry and Roker originated from Sugarbush Resort in Warren, Vermont. On the second day, the anchors broadcast from South Beach in Miami, Florida.

April
In April 2008, special editions of Today featured Pope Benedict XVI's visit to the United States, billed as "The Pope Visits the USA." On Tuesday, April 16, the pontiff's 81st birthday, Matt Lauer hosted the show from the south lawn of the White House to cover the pope's meeting with President George W. Bush. On Saturday, April 19, Benedict's third anniversary as pope, Weekend Today anchors Lester Holt and Jenna Wolfe moved outside to Rockefeller Center to cover the first papal mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City for the first half-hour.

On Monday, April 21, 2008, First Lady Laura Bush hosted the third hour of the program. It marked the first time such an event occurred on Today.

May
On Friday, May 10, 2008, Weekend Today covered the wedding of Jenna Bush at the President's ranch outside Crawford, Texas. Holt remained in Studio 1A, while Amy Robach covered the wedding from Texas.

June
On Saturday, June 14, 2008, Lauer and Brokaw anchored a special edition entitled "Remembering Tim Russert", following the death of the Meet the Press moderator and NBC Washington Bureau Chief the previous day. Andrea Mitchell, David Gregory, Pete Williams, Lisa Myers, Face the Nation host Bob Schieffer, This Week host George Stephanopoulos, and Vice President Dick Cheney, among others, appeared onToday and gave tributes to Russert and shared stories of his life and career. On Wednesday, June 18, Lauer, Vieira, Curry, and Roker broadcast from the network's Washington bureau ahead of Russert's funeral and memorial service. Natalie Morales remained in Studio 1A and took over at 8:30am, along with Amy Robach.

August
From August 8 to 22, both weekday and weekend versions of the show aired from the Olympics, in Beijing, China. The portable outdoor studio that debuted with the 2004 summer games in Athens housed the cast and crew once more. The fourth hour didn't air during the games.

Matt Lauer hosted Today from the Democratic National Convention in Denver on Wednesday, August 27 and Thursday, August 28. A week later, on Thursday, September 4 and Friday, September 5, Meredith Vieira anchored from the Republican National Convention in St. Paul.

November
The Monday, November 4, and Tuesday, November 5, editions of the program were billed as "special editions" as part of NBC's larger Decision 2008 election coverage.

During the week of November 17, all four anchors were on location as part of NBC's Green Week. Meredith Vieira was in Australia, Matt Lauer went to Belize, Al Roker traveled to Iceland, and Ann Curry scaled Mount Kilimanjaro. Vieira, Lauer, and Roker visited different cities or locations each day of the broadcast. Lester Holt filled in at the news desk in New York. Vieira also appeared during the third hour of Today, a rarity due to her contractual obligations to Who Wants to Be a Millionaire.

2009

January
Coverage on January 16, following the ditching of US Airways Flight 1549 in New York's Hudson River, was billed as "Miracle on the Hudson."

Coverage of the inauguration of President Barack Obama dominated the January 19 and 20 editions of Today, as the four anchors broadcast from Washington on both days. On the 19th, Matt Lauer and Meredith Vieira anchored all four hours from the network's Capitol Hill studios on 400 North Capitol St. Natalie Morales joined them during the third hour. Al Roker did the weather from the Mall, Ann Curry did the news headlines from the newsroom in the network's Washington bureau, but both came to the Capitol Hill studios at 9:30am ET. On the 20th, Curry reported from the Mall, while Roker was at The Pentagon, but neither came to the studios. Brian Williams joined Lauer and Vieira at 10am ET and took over coverage at 10:15am ET. Kathie Lee Gifford and Hoda Kotb were not on the air both days.

March
On March 3, Lauer anchored from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. The previous day, Dow Jones Industrial Average had dropped to its lowest level—6763.29—since April 25, 1997. Meredith Vieira remained at Rockefeller Plaza. However, Lauer came to the studio at the 8am half-hour.

On March 16, Al Roker and Meredith Vieira anchored from Ireland, Called "TODAY in Ireland". Matt Lauer is off from Studio 1-A.

May
Friday morning, May 8, Lauer, Vieira, Roker and Curry opened the program from the Statue of Liberty's crown, a place inaccessible to the public since 2001. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar was on hand to announce the crown would reopen to limited crowds on Fourth of July. Segments explored the history and symbolism of the statue, and a tour of nearby Ellis Island was shown.

June
Friday, June 26, saw a tribute to Michael Jackson and Farrah Fawcett, who died the day before. The coverage spanned all four hours of the program with Vieira reporting live from Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles and Lauer in the New York studio.

2010s

2010

February
The Today cast and crew were in Vancouver for the Olympics from February 8 to 26, 2010. Rather than using the portable outdoor studio that was used during previous Olympic games since the 2004 Summer games in Athens, the cast and crew broadcast all four hours live each day from the atrium in Grouse Mountain, overlooking Vancouver.

2011

March
In March 2011, Today featured a series of special editions on the 2011 9.0-magnitude earthquake in Japan and the subsequent incidents at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant with Ann Curry reporting from Japan. Initial coverage begins at 7am EDT on March 11, with the first two hours of the program covering the earthquake and tsunami exclusively. KNTV meteorologist Jeff Ranieri reported on the tsunami's West Coast impact from San Francisco, and Vieira, Roker and Curry updated viewers from Today from the Midtown Manhattan studios. An additional hour was produced for the West Coast beginning 7am PDT.

April
In April 2011 the Today ran special editions for the royal wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton with Meredith Vieira reporting live from London. On April 28 and 29, the entire Today cast and crew broadcast the entire show from London, broadcasting all four hours live from London on the 28, and on the 29th, the Today show was expanded to seven hours, broadcasting beginning 4am ET (9am GMT) and the cast and crew broadcast all seven hours live from London. However, due to the 2011 Super Outbreak, the Today team led the coverage, rather than NBC Nightly News anchor Brian Williams.

May
On May 2, Today ran a special edition the day after the late evening announcement of the death of Osama bin Laden by President Barack Obama. Meredith Vieira anchored in-studio from the Midtown Manhattan studios and Matt Lauer on-location from Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan, the site of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks; Tom Brokaw contributed.

August
From August 26–28, Today featured a series of special editions with continuing coverage of Hurricane Irene as it makes multiple United States landfalls along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, the Delmarva Peninsula, and the Northeast megalopolis area of the mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Ann Curry anchored during weekday edition, and Amy Robach the Saturday edition, respectively, both co-anchored by Carl Quintanilla, (substituting for Lauer and Holt); Lauer and Curry anchored the Sunday edition in-studio with Al Roker reports live from the Outer Banks and Long Island all three editions

October
The Thursday, October 6 edition of "Today" began with a focus on Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, who had died the previous evening.  Matt Lauer and Ann Curry anchored this special edition of "Today" from Studio 1A.  Correspondent George Lewis, who was live in California, narrated an opening piece about Jobs' life.  The broadcast also featured interviews with Time managing editor Richard Stengel and NBC's Tom Brokaw as well as Jobs' co-founder and friend Steve Wozniak.  At one point, Matt Lauer used a simple gesture to show Jobs' widespread influence by asking the outdoor audience to show off their iPods & iPhones.  Lauer himself showed Jobs' memorial at apple.com on his iPad.

2012

January
Friday, January 13 edition of "Today" celebrated 60 years of the show. Presented by hosts Matt Lauer and Ann Curry from the Midtown Manhattan studios, featuring all living prior anchors and on-air talent for the landmark anniversary; included an appearance by Tom Hanks.

June
Tuesday, June 5 edition of "Today" broadcast extended coverage of the last day of public ceremonies for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II live from London, presented by anchor Matt Lauer and special co-anchor Meredith Vieira (the latter who ended regularly co-hosting duties in 2011).

July
On Friday, July 20, "Today" broadcast four hours of live, bi-coastal coverage of the breaking news of the 2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting from Studio 1-A, presented by anchors Matt Lauer and Savannah Guthrie, with co-presentation by Natalie Morales and Al Roker with national weather forecasts.

December
On Friday, December 14, just after "Today" signed off for the day, a shooting occurred at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, CT. Then Weekend Today anchor Lester Holt anchored special coverage from Studio 3B that afternoon and evening. On Saturday, December 15, and Sunday, December 16, both the weekday and weekend anchors (Matt Lauer, Savannah Guthrie, Lester Holt, and Erica Hill) anchored "Today" live from Newtown, CT, while Jenna Wolfe and Dylan Dreyer provided other news and weather information from the NY studio. On Monday, December 17, Lauer returned to the studio while Guthrie remained in Newtown.

2013

April
From Tuesday, April 16–17, Matt Lauer and Lester Holt anchor on-location coverage of the aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombing with Savannah Guthrie anchoring in Studio 1A. April 19, "Today" features extended, bicoastal coverage of developments in the apprehension of suspects in Boston bombings anchored by Guthrie in Studio 1A, with Lauer covering the aftermath of the West explosion in Texas.

May
On May 20, 2013, Lauer, Guthrie, and Morales were anchoring from Hawaii, which was part of a supposed to be week long road trip. Roker was anchoring from Moore, Oklahoma. They were going to continue to Yellowstone National park the next day, but they had to have coverage from Oklahoma.

On May 21, 2013, the day after an EF-5 tornado destroyed much of Moore, Oklahoma, Lauer, Guthrie, and Roker anchored the program from the ground of Moore, OK, while Morales was in a helicopter owned and operated by Oklahoma City NBC affiliate KFOR-TV. The next day, May 22, 2013, all anchors returned to Studio 1A except for Lauer, who continued to anchor coverage from Moore, Oklahoma.

December
On December 6, the day after Nelson Mandela died, the Today Show had a special edition commemorating him with Lester Holt reporting from South Africa.

2015

February

On February 1, Special Edition of Sunday TODAY at Super Bowl XLIX. Lester Holt, Erica Hill, Dylan Dreyer, and Sheinelle Jones anchored from Studio 1-A and Al Roker anchored from Glendale, Arizona.

2017

October
On October 2, 2017, a Special Edition of TODAY with Savannah Guthrie and Matt Lauer began at 5am ET/2am PT to facilitate continuous coverage of the previous evening's Las Vegas shooting as an NBC News Special Report. It would be Lauer's last Special Edition as a TODAY anchor.

2018

April
The week of Monday April 23 featured members of the TODAY team anchoring from Florence, Italy. This included the entire 4th hour as Kathie Lee Gifford and Hoda Kotb hosted on a balcony overlooking Italy's wine country.

May
On Saturday May 19, TODAY aired a special edition that began at 4:30am ET and ended at 10am ET. Savannah Guthrie and Hoda Kotb hosted live coverage of the Royal Wedding from a special vantage point overseeing Windsor Castle. On Friday, May 18, the day before the Royal Wedding, the TODAY team anchored a special edition too. The third and fourth hour programs were live from Windsor too. The TODAY coverage held the most ratings for the Royal Wedding in the US.

 2020s

2020
March and April
In March and April 2020 Today featured a series of special editions on the COVID-19 pandemic. From 18 to 30 March, 3–13 April and 16 April Savannah Guthrie hosted the show live from home, while Hoda Kotb hosted the show live from Studio 1A.

2022
September 9
Following the announcement of the death of HM Queen Elizabeth II the day before, the show was co-hosted by Hoda Kotb from Studio 1A and Savannah Guthrie from Buckingham Palace.

September 19
Hoda Kotb, Savannah Guthrie and Lester Holt co-hosted a special edition of Today (American TV program) live from Westminster Abbey, as part of NBC News' coverage of the state funeral of HM Queen Elizabeth II.

Traditional special editions
Every Thanksgiving Day (since 2000), Today is truncated to two hours as the Today crew host the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. The parade, produced by NBC's entertainment division and not NBC News, occupies what would normally be the show's third and fourth hours. During the two hours Today is on the air, there are substitute hosts in Studio 1A as the Today'' crew prepare to host the parade.

During coverage of presidential inaugurations or other major events scheduled in Washington, D.C., the show broadcasts either from NBC's Capitol Hill studios or from NBC's Washington bureau. During NBC's coverage of the Olympic Games, the program is presented live from the hosting city no matter the time zone and with the weekday team presenting most of the program in lieu of the weekend anchor teams.

When special events or breaking news happen on the West Coast, one or more anchors will host the show from NBC's Los Angeles bureau.

References
Inline citations

Bibliography

Today
Today (American TV program)


Morphosis is the sixth album by Polish death metal band Hate. This album is mostly a death metal release, with some blackened death metal and Industrial influences. The album was mixed by the Wiesławski Bros. in August, 2007 at the Hertz studio in Poland and mastered by Kris Wawrzak and Adam The First Sinner at Efektura Studio in Warsaw, October 2007. The album was originally released under Listenable Records, but was released in Brazil under by Paranoid Records in June, 2008. The recording took place in two studios in Poland; mainly at Hertz Studio, but also at Efectura Studio. All songs were written and arranged by Adam The First Sinner with assistance of Hexen, except the song Immum Coeli (Everlasting World) which was written by the assistance of both Hexen and Destroyer.

Track listing

Personnel

Hate
 Adam "ATF Sinner" Buszko – vocals, guitars, bass, synthesizers, producer, mastering
 Konrad "Destroyer" Ramotowski – guitars
 Stanislaw "Hexen" Malanowicz – drums

Production
 Wojciech & Sławomir Wiesłąscy – mixing, sound engineering
 Artur Sochan – photography
 Krzysztof "Kris" Wawrzak – co-producer, mastering
 Sven – layout, graphic designs

Recording
 Recorded at Hertz Studio, Bialystok, August 2007.
 Mastered at Efektura Studio, Warsaw, October 2007.

References

2008 albums
Listenable Records albums


The Marines' Memorial Club in San Francisco, California at 609 Sutter Street (at Mason), is a 501(c)19 nonprofit veterans charity and private social club for United States Marines and other veterans of the United States Armed Forces. The nonprofit Marines' Memorial Association owns the large building in the Union Square neighborhood of San Francisco that houses a hotel, theater, restaurant/bar, sports club, special event facilities, library, museum, memorial, and a military history bookstore. The facility was built as the Western Women's Club in 1926.

Western Women's Club
The Western Women's Club building is a 12-story Beaux-Arts-style building, designed by the firm of Walter Danforth Bliss and William Baker Faville, and built in 1926. The Western Women's Club was a member of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. The Western Women's Club building was bought by the Marines Memorial Association in 1947. Western Women's Club had a later location at 111 O'Farrell Street.

Marines' Memorial Club
As a port city, San Francisco has, since its founding by Spain, been associated with military personnel – especially the navy – and merchant mariners. During World War II it was a point of embarcation for many sailors in the Pacific, who would keep fond memories of their few days in the city before leaving for the war.

The Marines' Memorial was opened as a club for veterans of the Marines, although membership is open to all United States servicemembers. Early in 1946, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Alexander A. Vandegrift, had proposed a "living memorial" to Marine casualties from the War in the Pacific. A group of Marines arranged to buy a building owned by a women's club at Mason Street and Sutter Street in San Francisco, whose members they had met through their participation in the wartime WAVES program. The club opened on November 10, 1946, the anniversary of the founding of the Marine Corps.

The theater predates the club, and was part of the original 1926 building. In its early days it hosted nationwide radio broadcasts by Bob Hope, Jack Benny, and Frank Sinatra. It later housed the San Francisco Actor's Workshop, which produced plays by Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, and Bertolt Brecht. It was also the first home of the American Conservatory Theater.

Today the association has 21,000 members from all branches of the United States military, NOAA, and the Public Health Service, mostly from California.

Amenities

The most noticeable features are a 650-seat repertory theater and a lobby display of military memorabilia, most notably the ship's bell from the USS San Francisco. It also includes two restaurants (including the club's "Leatherneck Grill" steakhouse) and a Club One fitness center. The building also includes the Tribute Memorial Wall, a private memorial to American troops killed in the Iraq War and war in Afghanistan.

See also
 List of American gentlemen's clubs

References

External links

Official theater website

Clubs and societies in California
Buildings and structures in San Francisco
Union Square, San Francisco
Clubhouses in California
Theatres in San Francisco
Gentlemen's clubs in California
Culture of San Francisco
Organizations based in San Francisco
Organizations associated with the United States Marine Corps