In Hindustani music andholan (Hindi: अंदोलन) as a specific form of ornament (alankar) is a gentle oscillation around a note, touching the periphery of an adjacent note as well as shrutis in between. The notes () used for andolan depend on the raga.

References

Indian music
Articulations (music)
Ornamentation


Nipples is a 1969 album by free jazz saxophonist Peter Brötzmann, originally released on the Calig record label. The title track is performed by a sextet comprising Brötzmann (tenor saxophone), Evan Parker (also on tenor saxophone), Derek Bailey (guitar), Fred Van Hove (piano), Han Bennink (drums), and Buschi Niebergall (bass). The other track featured, "Tell a Green Man", is performed by a quartet made up of Brötzmann, Van Hove, Niebergall, and Bennink.

The album was reissued on CD by Atavistic Records as part of their Unheard Music Series in 2000. The label also released a second CD in 2003 titled More Nipples, featuring three further recordings from the same sessions: an alternate take of "Nipples", performed by the sextet, and two further recordings by the quartet.

In September 2021, television host Jimmy Fallon included the album in his show's "Do Not Play" segment, mocking the title, and stating that the music "sounds like a Guitar Center on a busy Saturday." In an email to Rolling Stone, Brötzmann responded: "We both know that the world is full of ignorants and stupidos, one more or less, who cares."

Reception

In a review for AllMusic, Lang Thompson wrote: "The music's dense, everything-at-once nature sometimes makes it seem like a hot-headed competition, but in the end it's the musician's construction of intricately detailed patterns that really matter... Nipples is certainly not the best introduction to these musicians but nevertheless offers a fascinating look at their early careers."

The authors of the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings awarded the album 3½ stars, and stated: "this medium-size ensemble is actually rather rare in the Brötzmann discography and the results are fascinating."

A reviewer for Pitchfork commented: "Today's musical landscape is marred by the footprints of lightweights and the layabouts who write about them... Nipples may be by turns aggravating, inscrutable, cacophonous and soulless, but sitting next to today's crop on the New Release rack of your local Sam Goody, it seems the work of giants. Crazy, strung-out, Teutonic giants, but giants nonetheless."

Dave Heaton, writing for PopMatters, stated: "Listen to the whole... and you don't get the mess that you might expect with six musicians each blazing his own path. Instead you get a new kind of cohesiveness. Everything fits together in an interesting way, without being planned to fit together, at least not in the conventional way that musical numbers are planned out.... this recording is jaw-dropping, awe-inspiring and beautiful."

Writer Ben Watson remarked: "This is music played at such a pitch of impatience and self-criticism that every note bursts with expression, a bustle of question-marks, a hive of conflicting vectors. If it's all too much, it's because you're frightened to be alive."

Track listing
Nipples
 "Nipples" – 17:54
 "Tell a Green Man" – 15:32

More Nipples14;45
 "More Nipples" – 17:25
 "Fiddle-Faddle" – 13:22
 "Fat Man Walks (To Robert Wolfgang Schnell)" – 9:25

Personnel
 Peter Brötzmann – tenor saxophone
 Evan Parker – tenor saxophone
 Derek Bailey – guitar
 Fred Van Hove – piano
 Han Bennink – drums
 Buschi Niebergall – bass

"Tell A Green Man" has the personnel listed above but without Derek Bailey and Evan Parker.

References

Peter Brötzmann albums
1969 albums
Atavistic Records albums


ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on human–computer interaction. It was established in 1994 and is published by the Association for Computing Machinery.

Editors-in-chief
The following persons have been editors-in-chief of the journal:
Ken Hinckley, Microsoft Research (2016–present)
Shumin Zhai, IBM Almaden Research Center (2009–2015)
John M. Carroll (2003–2009)
Jonathan Grudin (1997–2003)
Dan R. Olsen, Jr. (1994–1997)

External links

Human–computer interaction journals
Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1994


Doi Lo () is a tambon (subdistrict) of Doi Lo District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2015, it had a population of 12,261 people.

History
The subdistrict was created 1 August 1979 by splitting off eight administrative villages from Song Khwae.

Administration

Central administration
The tambon is divided into 26 administrative villages (mubans).

Local administration
The subdistrict is covered by the subdistrict administrative organization (SAO) Doi Lo (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลดอยหล่อ).

References

External links
Thaitambon.com on Doi Lo

Tambon of Chiang Mai province
Populated places in Chiang Mai province


Chai Prakan, sometimes written as Chaiprakan, Chaiprakarn or Chaiprakhan, is home to the district headquarters of Chai Prakan District in the far north of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It lies 145 km from the city of Chiang Mai and 850 km from Bangkok. It is a popular location for vehicles to stop on the way to Doi Ang Khang, Fang, and Tha Ton.

The municipality covers the complete subdistrict Pong Tam and parts of the subdistricts Si Dong Yen and Nong Bua, all within Chai Prakan district.

History
The historical Chai Prakan was founded in 973 as part of the Sinhanavati Kingdom but the city fell in 998. Chai Prakan archaeological site is in Fang District 12 km from the town of Fang.

The current local government was established as a sanitary district in 1994. Like all sanitary districts, it was upgraded to a subdistrict municipality in 1999.

See also
 Chai Prakan District

References

External links
http://www.chaiprakarn.go.th/ Website of municipality

Cities and towns in Thailand
Populated places in Chiang Mai province
Cities and towns in Chiang Mai province


Saraphi () is a tambon (subdistrict) of Saraphi District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 6,959 people. The tambon contains nine villages.

Etymology
Saraphi is the Thai name for a tree, Mammea siamensis.

References

Tambon of Chiang Mai province
Populated places in Chiang Mai province


Doi Tao () is a tambon (subdistrict) of Doi Tao District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005, it had a population of 6,790. The tambon contains 10 villages.

References

Tambon of Chiang Mai province
Populated places in Chiang Mai province


The town of Phrao or "Wiang Phrao" is home to the district headquarters of Phrao District in the far northeast of Chiang Mai province.

References

Cities and towns in Chiang Mai province


San Sai () is a tambon (subdistrict) of Fang District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 11,583 people. The tambon contains 17 villages. The subdistrict is the home of Fangchanupathum School.

References

Tambon of Chiang Mai province
Populated places in Chiang Mai province


Hang Dong () is a tambon (subdistrict) of Hang Dong District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2016, it had a population of 10,866 people.

Administration

Central administration
The tambon is divided into nine administrative villages (mubans).

Local administration
The area of the subdistrict is shared by two local governments.
 Subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) Hang Dong (เทศบาลตำบลหางดง)
 Subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) Mae Tha Chang (เทศบาลตำบลแม่ท่าช้าง)

References

External links
Thaitambon.com on Hang Dong

Tambon of Chiang Mai province
Populated places in Chiang Mai province


Mae Taeng () is a town and tambon (sub-district) of Mae Taeng District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 4,548 people. The tambon contains eight villages.

References

Tambon of Chiang Mai province
Populated places in Chiang Mai province


The Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA) is an office established by the 1996 Constitution of South Africa and is one of the Chapter nine institutions intended to support democracy, although its history dates back at least 100 years.

Tsakani Maluleke took over as Auditor-General on 1 December 2020. She replaced Thembekile Makwetu who was deputy auditor-general until he took over from Terence Nombembe whose contract ended in December 2013. Nombembe, who also served as deputy auditor-general prior to his appointment, replaced Shauket Fakie on his retirement in December 2006.

Mandate

The Auditor-General, a "watchdog over the government," is an ombudsman-type office similar to that of the Public Protector, but with much more limited jurisdiction. The focus of the office is not inefficient or improper bureaucratic conduct but the proper use and management of public money. Section 188 of the Constitution states that the Auditor-General is required to report on the finances of all national, provincial and local government administrations and has the discretion to audit any institution that receives money for a public purpose. The reports of the Auditor-General must be made public. They must also be submitted to any legislature which has a direct interest in the audit, and to any other authority prescribed by national legislation.

Section 181(2) of the Constitution asserts that the Auditor-General is independent, and that the powers and functions of the office should be exercised without fear, favour or prejudice. In terms of section 189, the tenure of the Auditor-General is for a fixed, non-renewable term of between five and 10 years. The Public Audit Act gives detailed effect to the constitutional provisions, and deals with such matters as conditions of service, functions, administration, reporting obligations and powers of investigation. The provisions for appointment and removal are similar to those that apply to the Public Protector. As with the Public Protector, these provisions are intended to ensure that the Auditor-General is independent of the executive and of other influences, and responsible only to Parliament. Unlike the Public Protector, however, the Auditor-General is not reliant on the executive for its funding. The office funds itself by charging fees for its services, "a feature that undoubtedly enhances its political independence." Stuart Woolman and Yolandi Schutte describe the Auditor-General as the institution most likely of all the Chapter 9 institutions to retain its independence and discharge its constitutional responsibility.

History
The Auditor General's office was established by legislation in 1911, and this legislation was amended over the years, with the institution celebrating its centenary in 2011.

The first auditor general, as appointed per the Constitution, was Shauket Fakie who served until his retirement in 2006. Terence Nombembe was appointed on 1 December 2006 and served until 30 November 2013. Nombembe is a member of the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants as a Chartered Accountant (South Africa). On 1 December 2013 the President of the Republic appointed Thembekile Makwetu to replace Nombembe, whose term had ended. Makwetu, who is also a chartered accountant (SA) by profession, has served as deputy auditor general for six years prior to his appointment as the auditor general.

As to the effectiveness of the Auditor-General in practice, Sarkin's assessment of 2000 was more sanguine than in relation to the Public Protector. He noted that the office had "done some excellent work," and described the incumbent of the time, Shauket Fakie, as "more vigorous and energetic" than his predecessor, whose work had been criticised. Some of the more recent investigations conducted by the Auditor-General have exposed instances of financial mismanagement ranging from huge debt at the Government Printing Works and unauthorised expenditure by several government departments to the fraudulent allocation of subsidies in the Department of Housing and irregularities in procurement processes at the Companies and Intellectual Property Registration Office.

Controversy
The Auditor-General attracted some controversy, however, over his refusal to provide access to records concerning the procurement of arms and his subsequent failure to comply with a court order to produce the records within a certain period.

A particular problem identified in the Asmal Report is "persistent disregard for the Auditor-General’s recommendations by government departments and other public institutions." The report suggests that this be brought to the attention of the National Assembly. Further recommendations include increasing public awareness of the activities of the office and greater collaboration between the Auditor-General and the Public Protector, including the establishment of mechanisms to track and monitor referred matters.

In July 2013, it was reported that a letter dated 23 May 2013, addressed to Parliament by President Jacob Zuma, detailed a salary hike of R941 400 a year backdated for six-and-a-half years, a windfall of well over R6 million. The news was received with criticism.

See also
 Comptroller and Auditor General

References
 C. Hoexter Administrative Law in South Africa 2 ed (2012).mpharalala
E matombo & S Letseku Auditor general in South African public sector (2019)
k mpharalala.auditor general in the public sector (2019)

External links
Website of the Auditor-General

Notes

South Africa
Government of South Africa
Chapter nine institutions
Ombudsman posts
Ombudsmen in South Africa


The Basilica of Notre-Dame du Port is a Romanesque basilica, formerly a collegiate church, in the Port quarter of Clermont-Ferrand, between Place Delille and the cathedral. From the 10th century to the French Revolution it was served by a community of canons, regular until the 13th century, and thereafter secular.

History

According to tradition, the church was founded by the Bishop of Clermont, Avitus of Clermont, in the 6th century and was rebuilt in the 11th or 12th century after being burned down by the Normans. The establishment here of a community of canons took place no earlier than the middle of the 10th century, under bishop Étienne II of Clermont.

The church was formally declared a basilica minor on 3 May 1886.

In the 19th century the bell tower was added, and the Romanesque roof tiles were replaced by lava slabs. These have since been removed again and the roof restored as near as possible to its original state. A major restoration programme took place in the church interior between 2007 and 2008, consisting of the cleaning of all the stonework, the removal of cement pointing from the restoration of the 19th century, the restoration of the pictures and the replacement of the lustres (the crypt however was not included).

On Sunday 7 December 2008 the statue of Notre-Dame du Port ("Our Lady of the Port") was reinstalled in the church, having been kept safe in Clermont Cathedral during the restoration works, thus marking the reopening of the building to the public.

In 1998 the Basilica of Notre-Dame du Port was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list as part of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France.

The name "du Port" supposedly comes from the fact that the church was built in the "port" district, in Latin portus, here in the sense of "market" rather than "seaport". The church at first bore the name of Sainte-Marie-Principale; the description Portus or  du Port is not known before the 11th century. Nor was the Port district, at least in the Middle Ages, a particularly commercial one: the districts of Saint-Pierre and Saint-Genès were much more so.

Description

The basilica is one of the five Romanesque churches in Auvergne known as the "greater" churches (majeures), the others being the church of Saint-Austremoine in Issoire, the Basilica of Notre-Dame of Orcival, the church of Saint-Nectaire, and the church of Saint-Saturnin.

Built of arkose, a sort of sandstone, the building has an almost perfect harmony supposedly resulting from the application of the ratio of the Golden Number.

The church is built on a Latin cross ground plan with a nave of six bays between two low side aisles with simple vaults. There is a transept with a semi-circular chapel on each arm, and a quire surrounded by an ambulatory from which open four radiating chapel, none of them on the main axis, thus forming a chevet, which with its fine mosaics is a notable example of the Romanesque art of Auvergne. The capitals, which are among the finest in Auvergne, principally depict scenes from the Bible, but also some from the Psychomachia of Prudentius.

Gallery

See also
 History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes

Bibliography
 Bréhier, nd: La sculpture romane en Haute-Auvergne. RHA, vol. 23
 Collière, Guy, nd: Art roman en Basse-Auvergne: les églises majeures. Livret détaillé disponible dans certaines des cinq églises majeures d'Auvergne.
 Craplet, Bernard, 1992: Auvergne romane. Éditions Zodiaque, revised edition
 Fornas, 1997: Le symbolisme dans l'art roman. La Taillanderie
 Fornas, 1994: Eglises romanes de Basse-Auvergne. La Taillanderie
 Mourlevat: La géométrie du Nombre d’Or à Notre-Dame du Port, in Bulletin historique et scientifique de l’Auvergne, Jul-Sept 1978
 Porcher, 1968: Bestiaire roman Auvergnat. RHA, vol. 41

External links

 Photos of the church
 Photos of the church
 3D anaglyptic stereophotography of the Rotbertus Capitals in the Basilique Notre-Dame du Port
 High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of the Basilica of Notre-Dame du Port | Art Atlas

Basilica churches in France
World Heritage Sites in France
Churches in Puy-de-Dôme
Buildings and structures in Clermont-Ferrand


Matthew James Elwyn Thomas (born 3 March 1988), also occasionally credited as Matthew Thomas, is a British actor who has made appearances in television, film, and theater. He is known for his television roles including the BAFTA and Emmy Award-winning, The Lost Prince, and the ITV drama-musical show, Britannia High. In the U.S., Thomas is best known for having played the title role in the 2013 Broadway revival of Pippin, which received a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical. He was also a late addition to the U.S. national tour of Pippin in 2014. He had his Broadway debut in 2010 playing Peter Parker in Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark directed by Julie Taymor, with music by U2's Bono and Edge.

In 2013, Thomas was nominated for an Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical for his performance in the title role in Pippin, and, in 2015, he was nominated for a Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical for his performance as Fenwick in the Barry Levinson-produced musical, Diner. In 2016 he performed the role of Riff in West Side Story at the Hollywood Bowl with the LA Philharmonic orchestra, conducted by Gustavo Dudamel, alongside fellow Broadway actors Jeremy Jordan and Karen Olivo.

Early life and education
Thomas trained at the Sylvia Young Theatre School in London and later at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts also in London. He grew up largely in Buckinghamshire, England. His first professional acting job came at the age of 8 when he played Kipper in a production of Oliver! in the West End. As a child, he also appeared as Simon in Billy Elliot and in About a Boy, starring Hugh Grant. Additionally, Thomas made frequent appearances on numerous British television shows, including Wonderful You, The Bill, Bad Girls, and Stephen Poliakoff's The Lost Prince, among others.

Career
For much of his early career, Thomas worked on the screen and stage in films, television shows, musicals, and plays. Prior to coming to Broadway, Thomas acted in numerous London-based and West End plays. He had a featured role as Clarence in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical version of Whistle Down the Wind. Other UK roles include: Schlomo in Fame, directed by Karen Bruce, Wayne in an adaption of Ben Elton's Novel – Popcorn, directed by Lee Morgan at the Landor Fringe Theatre, Romeo and Juliet, and Dick Whittington, directed by award-winning director Gillian Lynne.

In 2008, Thomas was cast as Jeremy (Jez) Tyler in the ITV television drama musical, Britannia High, created by Arlene Phillips. Over 3,000 people auditioned for roles as one of the six lead characters on the show. The series ran for 9 episodes in the latter half of 2008. Less than a year later, Thomas earned the title role in the musical adaptation of Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray. The musical ran from 2 July to 2 August 2009 at the Leicester Square Theatre. It was directed by Linnie Reedman and the music composed by Joe Evans.

In 2010, Thomas appeared in an episode of the ITV series, Midsomer Murders alongside John Nettles, Sylvestra Le Touzel, Lydia Wilson, and Richard Fleeshman. Also in 2010, Thomas ventured to New York City and Broadway where he earned a role as the alternate lead in Julie Taymor's Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark. Thomas played Peter Parker/Spider-Man for two performances each week while Reeve Carney took on the role 6 times per week. The play was staged at the Lyric Theatre, which, at the time, was known as the Foxwoods Theatre. In November 2011, Thomas was injured backstage during a Wednesday matinee performance. The injury was not considered serious.

Thomas' final performance as Spider-Man was on 10 November 2012. He left the show to perform in the lead role in the American Repertory Theater's revival of Pippin, directed by Diane Paulus. In 2013, the show moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts to the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. It officially opened at the Music Box on 25 April 2013. During the show's Broadway run, Thomas starred in 8 shows each week, alongside co-stars Patina Miller, Terrence Mann, and Andrea Martin.  Pippin won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical in 2013.

In 2013, Thomas released a three-track EP of original songs entitled, No Sound at All. The album was produced by Duncan Sheik. In early 2014, it was reported that Thomas was in contention for the lead role in the upcoming film, Star Wars: The Force Awakens. At the end of Pippin'''s Broadway run in 2014, Thomas joined his parents in Malta for their anniversary celebration. Almost immediately after arriving, he received a phone call asking him to reprise his role as Pippin for the U.S. national tour, which was opening in Denver in 8 days. Kyle Selig, the actor originally hired to play Pippin for the tour, had been put on vocal rest. Thomas filled in and continued in the role for later dates on the tour, including those for Los Angeles and San Francisco.

In late 2014 and early 2015, Thomas starred as Fenwick in a musical adaptation of Barry Levinson's 1982 film, Diner. The play was produced by Levinson and Scott Landis, and the music was written by Sheryl Crow. The musical was developed at the Signature Theatre in Arlington, Virginia and was directed by Kathleen Marshall. The play was well-received and sold out its entire run at the Signature Theatre.

In March 2015, Thomas appeared as Henry Paine in a pilot episode for a planned HBO drama series, The Devil You Know, co-created by Orange Is the New Black creator Jenji Kohan, but the series was not picked up and the pilot went unaired. In 2017 he appeared in the main cast of another pilot episode, for a planned medical drama, Shelter, created by Law & order veteran Warren Leight, but the series was again not picked up.

Recognition and awards
Thomas played the title role in Pippin, which won the 2013 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical. The musical was nominated for a total of 10 awards and won 4. Thomas' performance in Pippin earned him a nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical by the Outer Critics Circle Awards. In 2015, Thomas was nominated for the Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Musical (HAYES Production) for his performance in Diner.

List of credits
Television

 Theatre credits

Film

DiscographyOverrated Life''* (2005)

References

External links

 twitter.com/matthewjethomas

1988 births
Living people
English male film actors
English male musical theatre actors
English male television actors
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
Male actors from Buckinghamshire


While Windows 7 contains many new features, a number of capabilities and certain programs that were a part of previous Windows versions up to Windows Vista were removed or changed.

The following is a list of features that were present in Windows Vista and earlier versions but were removed in Windows 7.

Windows shell

Windows Explorer

 Column headers for item properties only appear in the Details icon view mode. Additionally, even in Details view, column headers in Windows 7 only allow filtering items; there no longer are options in drop-down menus to group, sort, or stack items (Sort, Group, and Stack by Property options are removed). Filtering can only be done in Details view; grouping must be done from the context menu in every icon view mode; and sorting must be done by either clicking the column header itself in Details view, or by selecting the Sort By context menu in all other icon view modes. In Windows Vista, column headers could be used to filter, group, sort, and stack items regardless of the active icon view mode.
 Control Panel views are limited to Category, Small icons, and Large icons (which is actually Tiles view). List, Details, Extra large icons, Large icons, and Medium icons view modes are no longer available. The abilities to group or sort Control Panel items are also removed.
 Control Panel settings including Add Hardware, Bluetooth, Game Controllers, Offline Files, Pen and Touch, People Near Me, Scanners and Cameras, and Tablet PC Settings are not listed even under All Control Panel Items. The 32-bit Speech applet is no longer accessible through the Control Panel. Some of these settings are accessible only from within Category view, or by searching, but they can be made accessible via modifications to the Windows Registry.
 Disabling Auto Arrange and Align to Grid is not available in Windows Explorer windows. As a result, users can no longer manually arrange items via drag and drop within a folder; this feature is only available on the desktop.
 Each toolbar or desk band is forced to be on its own row in Windows Explorer. Windows Explorer forces the RBBS_BREAK style for every band.
 Full row selection for icons in the Details icon view mode cannot be disabled, which was possible in Windows Vista.
 Icons no longer appear on the Command Bar in Windows Explorer.
 IDeskBand interface and Explorer Bars are no longer supported in Windows Explorer; they are still supported in Internet Explorer.
 In Folder Options, the Remember each folder's view settings option that allowed Windows Explorer to retain folder icon view modes and icon sizes on a per-folder basis has been removed.
 If the sort criteria is changed when more than one item is selected — for example, if the user first sorts by name then by date — all selected items will be de-selected.
 It is not possible to open Windows Explorer (or even temporarily open a Windows Explorer window) as an administrator without modifying permissions of system values in the Windows Registry, due to a DCOM restriction.
 It is not possible to run the 32-bit version of Windows Explorer as a file manager or as the shell in 64-bit editions of Windows 7. 64-bit editions of Windows Vista and Windows XP allowed executing the 32-bit shell/Windows Explorer and making it the default for compatibility with shell extensions. As a result, all 32-bit shell extensions are incompatible with 64-bit versions of Windows 7.
 Items view control, an undocumented control that is incompatible with the List view control replaces the List view control used in Windows Explorer and Start Menu breaking applications that customized the Explorer list view control. The Item view also does not support custom positioning, custom ordering, or hyperlinks, which the Windows Vista list view did support. Because the control is undocumented, it is not possible for developers to disable auto arrange or customize views. Because ItemsView is not considered part of the Win32 common controls reusable by developers, the sound for the Select system event no longer plays in Explorer in Windows 7.
 The new items view control also ignores certain desktop.ini parameters like IconArea_Image and IconArea_Text preventing users from setting a background picture for folders. In Windows Vista, this feature was not built-in, however the list view control supported this if shell extensions or folder customization utilities which set the correct desktop.ini parameters and attributes were installed.
 Registry settings pertaining modified colors for compressed files, EFS-encrypted files, and item hot-tracking effects are ignored by the ItemsView control in Windows Explorer.
 The Navigation Pane no longer allows the tree view to be collapsed; in Windows Vista, it was possible to either show only the folder tree view or collapse this view to show only the new Favorite Links.
 The Navigation Pane no longer includes a horizontal scrollbar, or the ability to automatically scroll horizontally that was introduced in Windows Vista.
 The Navigation Pane no longer includes an option to display dotted lines to visually represent to the user how folders and subfolders are connected; in Folder Options, the Display simple folder view in Navigation Pane option is removed.
 Similarly, when clicking on a folder in the Navigation Pane, it isn't automatically expanded to show its subfolders, as the Display simple folder view in Navigation Pane option is removed.
 The Slide Show button on the Command Bar in Windows Explorer starts the new Windows Photo Viewer which, unlike Windows Photo Gallery or Windows Live Photo Gallery does not support themes or rich transitions.
 The Public folder introduced in Windows Vista is no longer listed among the items in the hierarchy of the breadcrumb bar; users who wish to open this folder from the address bar must enter its full path.
 The Share overlay icon for shared items in Windows Explorer has been removed; this change means that users must now select a folder each time, every time to determine if it is being shared. The Share overlay icon was a feature of Windows since Windows NT 3.1.
 The Sharing Wizard introduced in Windows Vista no longer includes an option to create a new user when sharing an item (Create a new user...).
 The Software Explorer feature of Windows Defender has been removed; as a result, there are no longer notifications if User Account Control blocks a startup application that required elevation.
 The status bar in Windows Explorer no longer shows the size of a selected item(s).
 When items are grouped, selection of multiple groups by clicking the group header while holding down the  key is not possible as could be done in Windows Vista.
 When multiple items are selected in a Windows Explorer window, this selection is not retained if the user navigates back or forward.
 When navigating to a folder from a library, it is not possible to view the folder's contents in the view the user has set or customized; the folder uses the library's view.
 Windows 7 removes the Customize tab for a folder if its properties are opened via Libraries. If the same folder is opened in Windows Explorer without accessing it via Libraries, the Customize tab is available.
 Windows Explorer cannot be configured to retain individual folder window positions and sizes; each window shares the same size, and the position of each window is cascaded as new windows are opened.

Taskbar

 16-bit applications can no longer display their icon on the taskbar when running. The taskbar instead shows the icon for NTVDM.exe, which is the 32-bit host process for running 16-bit applications.
 Always on Top for the taskbar is mandatory in Windows 7; in previous versions of Windows this was possible to disable.
 Clicking a grouped application's taskbar button or thumbnail when it is active (in the foreground) does not minimize it unlike in previous Windows versions; only ungrouped application buttons minimize upon being clicked again.
 Floating deskbands (toolbars) are no longer available. The feature was previously deprecated in Windows Vista; all toolbars can only be located on the taskbar. It is no longer possible to place toolbars on the other (non-taskbar) edges of the desktop.
 Grouping (placing next to each other) taskbar buttons belonging to the same application cannot be disabled; users can still disable combining multiple taskbar buttons of the same type under a single button.
 Icons have been removed from the tooltips for the notification area Date and Time, Network, Power, and Volume system icons.
 Network activity animation on the Network system icon in the notification area is no longer available; the icon now only shows the type of network being used and whether Internet connectivity is established.
 Quick Launch was deprecated and removed from the taskbar in favor of pinned applications. It is possible to revert to Quick Launch by manually adding it as a custom toolbar referencing %AppData%\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Quick Launch if users prefer the taskbar layout from earlier versions of Windows, although Windows 7 and later have issues with Quick Launch getting automatically disabled and all its settings getting reset after a log off or restart.
 Power plans listed under the Power system icon are limited to Balanced and Power saver (with the High Performance power plan being available in the Control Panel); in Windows Vista, the all three power plans were available for use from the system icon, and user-created custom plans would also be available.
 The configurable registry option TaskbarGroupSize, which allowed fine-grained control over taskbar grouping in previous versions of Windows is not supported. In Windows 7, users can only configure to combine buttons, not combine buttons, or combine when the taskbar is full.
 The number of combined taskbar windows is not calculated and shown next to the combined buttons regardless of how many windows are open (i.e., three windows in one combined set do not list '3' next to the combination's name); users must determine this for themselves.
 The Show window preview (thumbnails) option of Windows Vista in Taskbar and Start Menu Properties that allowed users to disable taskbar thumbnails while Windows Aero was active is no longer available.
 Tooltips for application icons only show the name of the application; they no longer show the comment field.
 When grouping is disabled, the ability to manage multiple taskbar items using the  key and clicking with the secondary mouse button to cascade, close, minimize, or tile the selected group windows is no longer available.
 When the taskbar is vertical, there cannot be multiple columns of icons.

Start menu

 Applications can no longer be excluded from appearing in the Most Frequently Used list of the Start menu by using the NoStartPage registry value as was possible in Windows XP and Windows Vista.
 Applications started from locations outside of the Start menu (such as from the Desktop, the Run dialog, or from folders) no longer appear in the Most Frequently Used unless launched at least once from the Start menu.
 Connect To and Network are no longer available on the Start menu by default; users can still add these links to the Start menu.
 Dynamically pinning default Internet browser and e-mail client software programs on Start menu is no longer possible. Programs can still be, however, manually pinned to the Start menu in Windows 7.
 Internet Explorer Favorites and History are no longer grouped under a separate header in the Windows 7 Start Menu as they were in the Windows Vista Start Menu. They are shown under the Files group.
 Search communications and Search favorites and history  options from Windows Vista for the Start menu in Taskbar and Start Menu Properties are no longer available.
 The classic Start menu interface introduced in Windows 95 (and available in Windows Vista) is no longer available in Windows 7. In addition, certain features that were present only in the classic Start menu —  expanding menu columns for files and programs instead of scrolling, expanding folders by hovering instead of clicking, opening folders by double clicking, launching multiple programs by holding down  key while clicking, and creating expandable shortcuts to folders by dragging them to the Start menu — are no longer available; however, it is possible to create a taskbar toolbar with functionality that approximates the classic Start menu, and applications such as Classic Shell can be used for this feature.
 The Lock button introduced in Windows Vista is no longer available on the Start menu; users can still specify that locking the computer should be the default action for the power button, but Windows Vista included a lock button in addition to the same configurable power button.
 When searching for items, Windows Vista provided an option to specify that only the Windows Search Index should be used when searching — instead of searching for items themselves — from the Start menu, but Windows 7 only provides options to include or exclude Public folders from search results.

Windows Search features

 Arrange By (called Stack By in Windows Vista) is now only available for libraries and folders included in libraries (when it was available for all folders and all Saved Searches in Windows Vista). Users can now only stack items by predefined properties depending on the library type in Windows 7. For example, in the Music library, users can only stack by Album, Artist, and Genre, but in Windows Vista, users could stack items by any valid property that exists for an item (e.g., for tracks, Album IDs, Compilations, Composers, Folders, Track Numbers, and Years).
 Compositional stacking introduced in Windows Vista is no longer available for all items; users can still stack items, but they cannot browse into one stack then navigate into another stack.
 Column header drop-down menus now display dates of items ordered from the oldest to the most recent (e.g., A long time ago, Last month, Last week, Today) instead of displaying them by order from the most recent to the oldest (e.g., Today, Last week, Last month, A long time ago) as in Windows Vista.
 Saved Searches in the Searches folder from Windows Vista (Recent Documents, Recent E-mail, Recent Music, Recent Pictures and Videos, Recently Changed and Shared By Me) have been removed.
 Because of the removal of Shared By Me and the deprecation of the Is Shared property, the Sharing Wizard no longer includes a link to see all files being shared out by the currently logged in user (Show me all the files I am sharing...) and the Network and Sharing Center no longer includes a link to Show me all the files and folders I am sharing.
 Recent Pictures and Videos, which showed all photos and videos acquired from a camera or scanner in the last 30 days is replaced by Imported Pictures and Videos, which is temporarily created when photos or videos are imported, and which shows only the items of the current acquisition session.
 Shared By Me from Windows Vista, which displayed items directly shared out by the current user is not imitable in Windows 7 due to changes to properties related to sharing.
 Stack By context menu and property header options from Windows Vista are no longer available.
 The advanced query builder (Search Pane) of Windows Vista is no longer available. Due to the removal of this interface, it is not possible to change the scope of a search in Windows Explorer unless at least one search has already been performed, after which users can specify to search in a "Custom" scope. For Saved Searches or other views that stack items, changing the scope is no longer possible due to the absence of this query builder.
 The Indexing Options Control Panel applet for Windows Search no longer includes the diagnostic option that was available in Windows Vista (Restore Defaults) to reset the Index to its original settings and rebuild the Index after the computer restarts; it is only possible to delete and rebuild the Index during the current user session (Rebuild), which was also available in Windows Vista.
 The keyboard shortcut ( and ) to redirect a query in Windows Explorer to the Internet while performing a query is no longer available; users can still specify to search the Internet from Windows Explorer, but only through an interface option (Search again in:) after a search is already performed.
 The option to Always search file names has been removed from the Search tab in Folder Options.
 The protocol handler add-in to add network locations to the Index is not compatible with Windows 7; the Windows Search service needs to be installed and running on the remote computers to search them.
 The Is Shared property introduced in Windows Vista to determine whether an item is being shared is no longer a queryable property; it has been deprecated in favor of a new, non-queryable Sharing Status property, which means that users can no longer search for items based on whether they are shared (for example, to search for all items that have been shared).
 The Shared With property introduced in Windows Vista is no longer a queryable property; users can still filter a list of items based on the users or groups with whom they are shared, but they cannot find all items shared with a specific user or group or search for items based on this property (i.e., querying the Index for all items shared with the Everyone group on the local machine is not possible).
 When a query is persisted as a Saved Search, it retains the presentation of items in Windows Explorer that originally appeared when the query was saved; however, Windows 7 only presents items returned by Saved Searches in the new Content view mode (regardless of how the items are to be presented). In Windows Vista, items that match a query will be presented to the user in accordance with the presentation layout defined by the Saved Search.
 Similarly, Saved Searches that stack items in Windows 7 only display stacks in a descending order (regardless of the presentation layout defined).
 When filtering items or searching for items after previously stacking them, stacks do not remain in view as they did in Windows Vista; instead, the items that match the new criteria are displayed. In Windows Vista, it was possible to navigate into a stack after filtering or searching to achieve the same result.
 While implemented as an alternative to Saved Searches, libraries do not support accessing an item via the path of a library when the actual file system path is not known; accessing an item through the path of a Saved Search in both Windows Vista and Windows 7 is possible (i.e., C:\Users\JohnSmith\ABC.search-ms\ABC.docx), but libraries do not provide such a faculty (i.e., Libraries\Documents\ABC.docx or C:\Users\JohnSmith\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Libraries\Documents.library-ms\ABC.docx does not access the item).

Other Shell features

 About in bundled Windows applications such as Microsoft Paint or Windows Calculator (as well as winver) no longer displays the system's RAM capacity, a detail that was previously included in this dialog of NT-based Windows versions since Windows NT 3.5.
 AutoPlay disables AutoRun entries and only supports optical media such as CDs and DVDs due to security issues associated with automatically executing content on portable flash media; Microsoft later backported this change to Windows XP and Windows Vista.
 Devices and Printers, which supersedes the Bluetooth Devices Control Panel applet of previous Windows versions, does not include column header properties introduced in Windows Vista by which to sort Bluetooth devices; in particular, the Address, Authenticated, Connection In Use, Discovery Method, Encrypted, Last Connected, Paired, and Version properties are no longer available, which means users cannot filter, group, or sort Bluetooth devices by these properties (for example, to view only devices with active connections, devices by connection types, or when devices were last connected to the machine). The former Bluetooth Devices applet is still available, but it is hidden by default.
 Command Prompt no longer displays the RAM usage (maximum: 190 MB at 9999×9999) when selecting large buffer grids.
 Games Explorer no longer supports changing command line switches, compatibility modes, icons, or start-in paths for games.
 Games Explorer no longer supports Rich Saved Games of Windows Vista, which allowed for creating a Shell handler to expose cover art and metadata of games to the Windows Shell for Windows Search.
 HD DVD is no longer an available option in AutoPlay.
 The Presentation Settings feature introduced in Windows Vista no longer includes an option to view a list of the connected displays (Connected displays...).
 The Snap To mouse pointer option to move the pointer automatically to the default button in a dialog is broken on many re-designed system and application dialog boxes and windows in Windows 7. The mouse pointer simply does not move or snap to the default button in several dialogs which are re-designed.
 Windows Network Diagnostics, when it did not detect a network connectivity error in Windows Vista, included a prompt for the user to queue and send a report with Windows configuration details to Microsoft; analysis of this data allowed for building solutions when an issue was known to the user but not detected. In Windows 7, this prompt is no longer available, and users are instead provided with additional troubleshooting options such as Help and Support or Remote Assistance (which were also accessible in Windows Vista).
 Similarly, when a problem is resolved, the user does not have the option to send a report to Microsoft if another problem is suspected.

Personalization
 In the Personalization control panel, it is not possible to save changes to an existing theme. Changes made after choosing a theme must be saved again and the original theme deleted to prevent duplication. In previous versions of Windows, a theme file could be overwritten with the modified theme.
 The Aurora, Windows Energy and Windows Logo screensavers and the wallpapers that shipped with Windows Vista were removed.
 The 3D-Bronze, 3D-White, Conductor, Dinosaur, Hands 1, Hands 2, Variations and Windows Animated cursor schemes are removed and no longer available.
 ClearType cannot be turned off entirely in order for the user interface font, Segoe UI, to maintain optimal design for certain shell components and Windows Explorer. Parts of the user interface (such as the start menu and Explorer) still use ClearType regardless of setting.
 Icon size setting in the Advanced Appearance settings opened via Personalization dialog no longer affects icon sizes in Windows Explorer and on the Desktop.
 Windows Classic color schemes Windows Standard have been removed, only leaving Windows Classic and the High Contrast themes. It was later reused on Windows Server 2012 Beta.

Sample content
 The Bear, Butterfly, and Lake sample videos and the sample pictures and music tracks that were bundled with Windows Vista were removed.

Windows Media Player features

 The ability to lock the player while in full-screen mode  using a 4-digit PIN has been removed.
 The option to adjust the bit rate when burning data CDs has been removed.
 Windows Media Player's taskbar-integrated Mini-player has been removed. The thumbnail preview which replaces this lacks volume control and a progress bar. The ability to start the miniplayer only for certain files based on specific text in their file names was also removed.
 Enhancements are only accessible from Now Playing view in a floating window. They do not dock to the Now Playing window, and do not get restored when Windows Media Player is restarted. Even when manually restored, their position does not get saved.
 Left/Right balance control has been removed from the graphic equalizer and is no longer possible.
 Several player preferences are not saved and restored upon restarting the player. The playlist pane in Now Playing view is not shown automatically. Enhancements do not get restored when Windows Media Player is restarted. Even when manually restored, the previous position of the Now Playing window and enhancements is not retained.
 The context menu entry "Find In Library" which allowed locating the Now Playing song in the library was removed.
 Advanced Tag Editor, Color Chooser, Media Link for E-mail, and Party Mode features have been removed.
 The ability to add and show static lyrics and synchronized lyrics has been removed.
 Recently added Auto playlist is not included by default.
 Total time for CDs and playlists is rounded up to the nearest minute, i.e. seconds are no longer shown.

Internet Explorer features

 In Internet Explorer 8, the previous session can no longer be automatically restored the next time. The user must remember to manually open the session the next time.
 Internet Explorer 8 on any Windows version does not support inline AutoComplete in its address bar.
 Rating and description of Internet Explorer favorites can no longer be edited from the Details pane in Windows 7 Explorer.

Applications replaced by Windows Live counterparts

 Windows Photo Gallery, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Mail have been removed, in favor of downloading respective Windows Live counterparts, after they were discontinued in favor of third-party e-mail clients, photo and video software.
 Windows Live Mail and Windows Live Movie Maker do not include all of the features of Windows Mail and Windows Movie Maker respectively.
 Windows Live Mail does not support HTML source editing, scripted stationery and the ability to disable the splash screen.
 The Windows Mail gadget for Windows SideShow does not ship with Windows 7.
 Windows Live Movie Maker does not include a proper timeline with audio edits and narration, title overlays, filter compatibility settings and other advanced options, cannot export to DV-AVI, and drops the transitions and effects from Windows Movie Maker.
 The web filtering and activity reporting functionality from the in-box parental controls feature. Windows Live Family Safety replaces the web filtering functionality but its user interface for filtering and activity reporting is web-based instead of the native UI used by Windows Vista's parental controls and requires logging into a Windows Live ID (now Microsoft account). After, that services was discontinued in favor of third-party parental control software. Windows 7 retained time, game and program restrictions.
 Windows Calendar has also been removed, in favor of Windows Live Mail's calendar.
Windows Live Mail's integrated calendar supports events but not tasks, does not support subscribing, publishing, importing and exporting iCalendar files.
Windows Live Mail's integrated calendar also lacks a native events reminder. Events are reminded through e-mail instead.

Other Windows applications and features
 To preserve the digital signature of a Windows Installer (MSI) file during uninstall, embedded cabinets are no longer automatically stripped off by Windows Installer 5.0 to save disk space. As a result, MSIs cached in the %Windir%\Installer directory take more disk space than earlier Windows versions with no option to disable the caching.
 Transient Multimon Manager (TMM), a Windows Vista feature to automatically detect hot-Plug and Play displays as well as configure and save the multi-monitor setup is removed in favor of Win+P.
 The Windows 7 On-screen keyboard removes the ability to change or specify the font as a result of which keyboard layouts of fonts which use Dingbats and Unicode characters in place of alphabetic characters can no longer be viewed.
 The Windows 7 On-screen keyboard removes direct access to function keys. Function keys are now accessed using the 'Fn' key.
Windows Remote Assistance does not support file transfer and clipboard sharing in Windows 7.
The Offline Files cache can be relocated, however, an existing cache with previously cached files cannot be moved without resetting it as was possible in Windows Vista using Windows Easy Transfer or in Windows XP/2000 using Cachemov.exe
The DFS Replication Service included in Windows Vista for peer-to-peer DFS Replication service groups, has also been removed.
The 3D visuals from WinSAT benchmark have been removed.
Some features have been removed from Windows Defender such as the Software Explorer, configuration of security agents and notifications of program activities or when running startup programs as administrator.
Removable Storage Manager (RSM) has been removed, so applications that depend on it—such as NTBackup or the NTBackup Restore Tool—cannot back up to physical or virtual tape drives.
Windows Meeting Space, and the InkBall game have been removed.
Windows Ultimate Extras for the Ultimate edition which included Windows DreamScene, Microsoft Tinker, and the Hold' Em poker game among others, was removed. Microsoft had initially announced that they will re-offer Tinker and Hold 'Em in the near future. On December 15, only Tinker was made available for free as a Games for Windows – Live downloadable game which requires signing into Windows Live ID.
Microsoft Agent 2.0 technology was removed, breaking compatibility with Microsoft Agent applications. A separate installation package has been provided by Microsoft "due to customer feedback."
The sidebar for Desktop Gadgets was removed, although gadgets can align to any side of the screen like they did in Vista.
The Contacts, Notes and Stocks Desktop Gadgets have been removed. The Notes gadget has been replaced by Sticky Notes, allowing for both text and ink-based notes. An upgrade from Windows Vista to Windows 7 retains the user's notes from the gadget and transfers them to the Sticky Notes program.
The import, export, drag and drop and voice note features in earlier versions of Sticky Notes have been removed.
The Windows Firewall Control Panel does not allow configuring port-based filtering although the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security MMC-based snap-in allows this.
Filtering policies in Group Policy to show only a specific operating system or application is no longer available.
Software Restriction Policies no longer support multiple levels of trust such as "basic user" (only block or allow are still supported); this functionality has been superseded by User Account Control and AppLocker.
The common font selector dialog box does not show the type of font (OpenType, TrueType, Symbol font, etc.)
Windows Registry Reflection for x64 editions replaced with merged 32/64-bit keys.
 File backup to a network share (non-system image backup) is only available in Windows 7 Professional and above whereas it was included in Windows Vista Home Premium.
 Windows Import Video, a feature in Windows Vista which allowed one to import live or recorded video from a digital video camera and save it to the hard disk, has been removed.
 The option in Windows Vista to send search queries (keywords) of searches performed in the Control Panel category view to Microsoft has been removed in Windows 7.

See also
 Windows Server 2008 R2

References

Features Removed
Software features
Microsoft lists
Computing-related lists


Sofija Novoselić (born January 18, 1990) is a Croatian alpine skier, member of the Croatian Alpine Ski Team. Her strongest discipline is slalom.

Novoselić was born in Zagreb, at the time in SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. She debuted in Zagreb in 2006. Her best result so far in a FIS race was 10th place in slalom. In FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2007 she won 27th place in slalom.

External links
 Sofija Novoselić on FIS

1990 births
Croatian female alpine skiers
Sportspeople from Zagreb
Living people
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Croatia
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
21st-century Croatian women


The Five Moons were five Native American ballerinas from the U.S. state of Oklahoma who achieved international recognition during the 20th century. The five women were Myra Yvonne Chouteau, Rosella Hightower, Moscelyne Larkin, and sisters Maria Tallchief and Marjorie Tallchief. With their great success in the dance industry, there are several artistic tributes across the Oklahoma area. The most well-known and significant tribute is the Five Moons (2007), a bronze sculpture installation in Tulsa, Oklahoma, that portrays the five ballerinas. Other tributes include the Flight of Spirit mural in the Oklahoma State Capital and dance festivals in their honor. These five women defied racial barriers and opened a door for women of color in the ballet industry.

The ballerinas

Myra Yvonne Chouteau
Yvonne Chouteau (Shawnee Tribe, 1929–2016), born in Fort Worth, Texas but grew up in Vinita, Oklahoma. Her tribe, the Shawnee Tribe, was part of the Cherokee Nation but is now independent. She was an only child to her parents Col. Corbett Edward and Lucy Arnett Chouteau. Their family is a part of the oldest pioneering family in Oklahoma. Yvonne is the great-great-great-granddaughter of Maj. Jean Pierre Chouteau, who established Oklahoma's oldest white settlement in present-day Salina. In 1956, Chouteau married Miguel Terekhov, who was a professional dancer for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. And they had two children, Christina Maria and Antonia Elizabeth. Chouteau and her husband, Terekhov, retired in Oklahoma City. She later passed on January 24, 2016.

In 1943, at age 14, Chouteau joined the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. She is one of the youngest dancers to ever be accepted into a professional company. She worked with renowned choreographers like, George Balanchine, Leonide Massine, Antony Tudor, Agnes de Mille, and Bronislav Nijinska. Some of her most famous roles include, the Glove Seller in Gaite Parisienne, Giselle, The Nutcracker, Les Sylphide, Pas de Quatre, and Romeo and Juliet. In 1960, she and her husband, Terekhov, became artists in residence at the University of Oklahoma. And in 1963, they created the Oklahoma City Civic Ballet, now known as Oklahoma City Ballet.

Chouteau accomplished so much in her career and because of it has multiple honors and awards. In 1932–4, she led every major parade in Oklahoma. During the Silver Anniversary Statehood Day Parade she was named the “Daughter of Oklahoma, Good Will Ambassadress to the World at Large." In 1947, she was inducted in Oklahoma Hall of Fame at the age of 18, which is the youngest person to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. And in that same year was inducted into the International Who's Who. In 1963, Women in Journalism named her Outstanding Oklahoma Woman, and American Women in Radio and Television named her Woman of the Year. In 1964, University of Oklahoma's Theta Sigma Phi named her Outstanding Faculty of 1964. And The Soroptimist Club of Oklahoma City named her Outstanding Woman of Oklahoma for 1970.

Rosella Hightower
Rosella Hightower (Choctaw Nation, 1920–2008), was born in Durwood, Oklahoma. She was an only child to her parents Charles Edgar and Eula May Flanning Hightower. At age 5, her father got a job with the Missouri, Kansa, Texas Railway, so they moved to Kansas City, Kansas. Hightower was briefly married to dancer Mischa Resnikov, in 1938. Then later married French designer and artist, Jean Robier, in Paris, 1952. They had one child, Dominique Robier, who was born in Kansas City.

Hightower began studying dance at age 13 under Dorthy Perkins. She then moved to New York to continue to study with Michel Fokine, Anatole Vilzak, and Alexandra Fedorova. She began her professional career in 1938 and was a part of several companies, Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo from 1938 to 1941, Ballet Theatre from 1941 to 1945, Original Ballet Russe from 1945 to 1947, Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas from 1947 to 1953 and 1957 to 1962, and American Ballet Theatre from 1955 to 1957. In 1962, she founded the Center for Classical Dance in Cannes, France. The school was structured after her beliefs and ideas of what multidisciplinary training should be. Hightower was the director of two companies, Marseilles Opera Ballet in Marseilles, France from 1969 to 1972, and the Ballet de Nancy in France from 1975 to 1978. In 1981, Hightower became the first American director of the Ballet of Paris Opera and soon became known as the "aristocrat of ballet dancing." She passed on November 4, 2008, in Cannes, France.

Due to Hightower's successful career in France, she received France's premier honor, Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur in 1975.

Moscelyne Larkin
Moscelyne Larkin (Peoria/Eastern Shawnee/Russian, 1925–2012) was born in Miami, Oklahoma. Her parents were Ruben Larkin, a Shawnee-Peoria Indian, and Eva Matlagova-Larkin, who was a dancer and trained Moscelyne until her mid-teens. And from there she moved to New York and study with Mikhail Mordkin, Anatole Vilzak-Shollar, and Vincenzo Celli. Larkin met her husband, Roman Jasinski, when on tour with Ballet Russe. On December 24, 1943, Larkin and Jasinski married in Buenos Aires, Argentina. They danced together as a couple on tour all throughout WWII. They have one son, Roman Larkin Jasinski, and shortly after his birth, they moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma.

With training from her mother and well known choreographers in New York, Larkin joined the Original Ballet Russe at age 15. She also is among the youngest dancers to join a professional company. She first joined the Original Ballet Russe as a soloist then began to tour with them around Europe and the Western Hemisphere. When her and her family moved back to the United States, she joined the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo in 1948, where she had many leading roles. And on multiple occasions she was the premier ballerina at Radio City Music Hall. She and her husband, Jasinski, opened the Tulsa Civic Ballet and School, now the Tulsa Ballet Theatre. She taught at the University of Tulsa and taught American Indian children dance. She stayed in Tulsa until she passed on April 25, 2012.

Larkin has received multiple honors and awards throughout her successful career. She was honored at the Oklahoma Indian Ballerinas Festival in 1957 and 1967, where she performed with the other three American Indian ballerinas in Oklahoma. She was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1978. She received the Dance Magazine award in 1988. She was named Outstanding Indian by the Council of American Indians in 1976. She served on the dance advisory panel for the State Arts Council and she introduced dance into Tulsa's public schools.

Maria Tallchief
Maria Tallchief, also known as Betty Marie (Osage Nation, 1925–2013) was born in Fairfax, Oklahoma. She learned the traditions of the Osage tribe from her grandmother Eliza Bigheart Tall Chief. Her great-grandfather, Peter Bigheart, was one of the people who helped make the Osage tribe wealthy, by negotiating with the US government about their oil reserves. Her parents, Alexander and Ruth Porter Tall Chief and her two siblings, Gerald and Marjorie, all moved to Los Angeles, California so the girls could get the best ballet training. Tallchief married George Balanchine, a renowned Russian choreographer and dancer, on August 16, 1946. She claims that he made her "a star in the art of ballet." In 1951, they annulled their marriage but stayed together in their choreographer-dancer relationship. Tallchief briefly married Elmourza Natirboff from 1952 to 1954 and then met and married Henry Buzz Paschen in 1956. They have one daughter, Elise Maria Paschen.

Tallchief primarily learned from Ernest Belcher until the age of 12, then studied with Madame Bronislava Nijinska and David Lichine. After graduating from High School, Tallchief moved to New York to be an apprentice for Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. In 1942, after their Canadian tour, she became a full member in the corps de ballet. Up until this point she went by Betty Marie Tallchief, but the company wanted her to change her last name. Wanting to stay true to her Osage heritage, she changed her first name to Maria. Tallchief had leading roles in Orpheus, The Firebird, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker, which were all choreographed by Balanchine. And her role as The Firebird started her career as a prima ballerina. In a 1954 tour with Ballet Russe made her the highest paid prima ballerina of that time. In 1947, she left Ballet Russe to help her husband, Balanchine, at the Ballet Society or today known as the New York Ballet. She retired from dancing in 1966 and moved to Chicago with her husband, Pashen. There she was the director of both of Chicago's Lyric Opera Ballet from 1973 to 1979, and Chicago City Ballet from 1980 to 1987. She stayed in Chicago until she passed on April 11, 2013.

Known as Oklahoma's "Firebird," Tallchief has collected several honors and awards throughout her career. She received the Washington Press Women of the Year Award and the Annual Dance Magazine Award twice. Oklahoma Legislature declared June 29 as Maria Tallchief day in 1953.The Osage tribe named her Princess Wa-Xthe-Thonba which mean “Woman of Two Standards." She received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1996. And she was involved in the America for Indian Opportunity and directed the Indian Council Fire Achievement Award.

Marjorie Tallchief
Marjorie Tallchief (Osage Nation, 1926–2021) was born during a family vacation to Denver, Colorado, but grew up in Fairfax, Oklahoma. She and her sister, Maria Tallchief, moved with the family to California to pursue ballet training when they were young. She studied with Ernest Belcher, Bronislava Nijinska, and David Linchine. Tallchief married George Skibine, an artistic director and choreographer, in 1947 in Vichy, France. They had two children, Alexander and George. She resided in Florida from 1989 until her retirement in 1993.

Tallchief was in multiple companies, the American Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo from 1946 to 1947, the Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas from 1948 to 1955, Ruth Page's Chicago Opera Ballet as a guest artist from 1958 to 1962, and the Harkness Ballet as a prima ballerina from 1964 to 1966. Her most famous leading roles were in Night Shadow in 1950, Annabel Lee in 1951, Idylle in 1954, Romeo and Juliet in 1955, and Giselle in 1957. She was the first American Indian to become premiere danseuse etoile in the Paris Opera. Tallchief's classical and contemporary roles made her one of the most versatile ballet dancers during the 20th century. She performed for many heads of state, the most well-known being John F. Kennedy, Charles de Gaulle, and Lyndon B. Johnson. She was also the director of several companies, such as the Civic Ballet Academy in Dallas, Texas, the City Ballet in Chicago, Illinois, and the Harid Conservatory in Boca Raton, Florida in 1989.

Due to Tallchief's successful career, she has received many awards and honors. In November 1991, Tallchief was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame. University of Oklahoma gave her a distinguished service award in May 1992.

Artistic tributes

The ballerinas profound significance inspired other forms of art. A ballet entitled The Four Moons was created for the Oklahoma Indian Ballerina Festival in 1967. The ballet, set to music by the Oklahoma native Louis Ballard, a Quapaw-Cherokee composer, consists of four solos that evoke each dancer's tribal heritage. The Osage solo is dedicated to both Tallchief sisters, thus explaining The Four Moons title, as opposed to five.

Chickasaw artist Mike Larsen painted a mural depicting the Five Moons, entitled Flight of Spirit. The mural hangs in the Oklahoma State Capitol Rotunda in Oklahoma City. One of the last paintings by Muscogee Creek artist Jerome Tiger was The Four Moons, used for the cover of Louis Ballard's ballet program. The 1967 tempera and casein painting features Chouteau, Hightower, Larkin, and Marjorie Tallchief in a range of dynamic dance positions with four stylized moons, on a solid blue field.

Lili Cockerille Livingston wrote a biography of the women, entitled American Indian Ballerinas,. She excluded Moscelyne Larkin Jasinski from the book upon her request.

Sculpture
The Five Moons sculpture was unveiled at the Tulsa Historical Society in November 2007. The sculptures present each of the women in a costume and pose representative of one of their signature roles. The project was begun in 1995 by artist Monte England. England, inspired by Mike Larsen's mural, desired to create a tribute in bronze to the ballerinas in his hometown of Tulsa. Sponsorship of the project was provided by Tulsa Historical Society and the Tulsa Ballet, whose representative monitored the project to help England ensure that details such as hand position and dress were accurate. In 2005, however, England died, having completed only two of the full-sized sculptures. England's long-time friend and fellow sculptor Gary Henson was asked to complete the project. Henson was provided license by the Ballet and Historical Society to complete the remaining sculptures in his own style, which differed slightly from that of England.

On April 30, 2022, the Tulsa Historical Society reported the statue of Marjorie Tallchief missing.  By Monday, May 2, the sculpture was found in pieces at a Catoosa, OK metal recycling facility.  The society's officials do not understand what the motives were.  A GoFundMe campaign was started to restore the statue.

References

American ballerinas
20th-century Native Americans
Native American dancers
20th-century Native American women


The International Journal of e-Collaboration is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the interdisciplinary field of e-collaboration at the intersection of human-computer interaction, computer-supported cooperative work, and electronic commerce. It was established in 2005 and is published by IGI Global.

Editors
The following persons have been editors-in-chief of the journal:
 2017-present: Mehdi Khosrow-Pour (Information Resources Management Association)
 2004-2017: Founding Editor: Ned Kock (Texas A&M International University)

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the ACM Digital Library, Inspec, PsycINFO, and Scopus.

References

External links

Business and management journals
Human–computer interaction journals
Academic journals established in 2005
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
e-Collaboration, International Journal of


Milan Langer (born in Prague, 1955) is a Czech pianist.

He won Smetana Competition and the Chopin Competition in Mariánské Lázně, and was prized at the 1976 Paloma O'Shea Competition. Langer is best known for his work as a member of the Czech Trio (1994- ) and his recordings for Supraphon on the Czech pre-romantic repertory, such as Václav Tomášek's Eclogues and Antonín Rejcha's fugues.

Langer is the head of the Prague Conservatory's piano department.

References
  Prague Conservatory

Living people
1955 births
Czech pianists
Prize-winners of the Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition
21st-century pianists
Academic staff of the Prague Conservatory


The Mark 92 Fire Control System is a US-built medium-range anti-aircraft missile and gun fire control system. It was developed for the FFG-7 Oliver Hazard Perry class guided missile frigates. The system is a licensed USN version of the Thales Nederland WM-25 fire control system. The Mark 92 fire control system was approved for service use in 1975. Introduction to the fleet and follow-on test and evaluation began in 1978.

Radar Systems

The Mark 92 system assigns targets via the ship's air search radar, and surface search radar or from the Mark 92's own search radar capabilities. The system has two or three radar sub-systems depending on the model. The first two are combined into a single system called the Combined Antenna System or CAS is used in all models. The CAS has a track while scan radar (Search) and a tracking radar both housed in an egg shaped radome. The radars can search for, track, and illuminate targets.  There is also a third radar for target illumination referred to as the Separate Target Illumination Radar or STIR. The STIR is a radar developed from the AN/SPG-60 radar that is part of the Mark 86 gun fire control system.

Versions

Mark 92 modification 0 is an early version of the system for the USN.
Gun and missile control:
1 air engagement channel
2 surface-search, TWS channels

Mark 92 modification 1 is the version used by United States Coast Guard cutters as well as the PHM-1 Class USN hydrofoils (excluding . It does not use the STIR or control surface to air missiles.
Gun only:
1 air engagement channel
2 surface-search, TWS channels

Mark 92 modification 2 is the version that was originally fit to USN Oliver Hazard Perry-class guided missile frigates. It was also installed on the Adelaide-class derivatives built for Australia.
Gun and missile control:
2 air engagement channels, including STIR with Mark 107 console
2 surface-search, TWS channels

Mark 92 modification 5 is used by certain Saudi Arabian Badr-class corvettes (PGG and PCG Class ships).
Gun only:
1 air engagement channel
2 surface-search, TWS channels

Mark 92 modification 6 is an upgraded version of the modification 2 as part of the CORT program. It was installed on 12 USN FFG-7-class frigates, the eight Republic of China Navy's Cheng Kung-class frigates and two of the Spanish Santa Maria-class frigates.
2 air engagement channels, including STIR with Mark 107 console and (coherent receiver/transmitter CORT) transceiver
2 surface-search, TWS channels

STIR (Separate Target Illumination Radar) Deactivated

The USN retired the RIM-66E, or Standard missile-1, from active service in 2003. Oliver Hazard Perry frigates in USN service have had the STIR radar removed. The STIR radars are still in use on non-USN vessels.

References

See also
Badr class corvette
Hamilton class cutter
RIM-66 Standard
Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate
Mark 74 "Tartar" Guided Missile Fire Control System
USCG Medium Endurance Cutter

Mk092
Weapons
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s


Tredington may refer to:

Tredington, Gloucestershire
Tredington, Warwickshire, formerly in Worcestershire


Dillon's Reprise Room, is a cabaret, located on West 54th Street in Manhattan's Theater District. Over the years, Dillons has been home to successful musical runs of "Our Sinatra," "The Water Coolers," and most recently "Boobs! The Musical," as well as some of cabaret's top performers.

References

External links
Lortel Archives

Music venues in Manhattan
Cabaret
Off-Broadway theaters


Alf Goullet (5 April 1891 – 11 March 1995) was an Australian cyclist who won more than 400 races on three continents, including 15 six-day races. He set world records from two-thirds of a mile to 50 miles, and the record for the distance ridden in a six-day race.

Biography

Career
Goullet – pronounced to rhyme with roulette – was born in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia, and grew up in Emu,  north of Melbourne. He created a cycling track at home by leading a horse as it dragged a log to clear the grass. He made a name in Australia and was contracted to ride in the United States. He landed at New York in winter 1910 "in a snowstorm, wearing a sleeveless shirt and a straw hat because it was summer at home." He was 19. He settled in Newark and raced on outdoor tracks set in parks and sports grounds.

In Salt Lake City in 1912, he set world records at two-thirds of a mile, three-quarters of a mile and a mile. A reporter there wrote:

That winter, Goullet won the first Paris six-day race, paired with Joe Fogler of Brooklyn. He returned to America, and in November 1914 won the six-day at Madison Square Garden, paired with another Australian, Alfred Grenda. The  they covered is still a record. Goullet rode the last hour of the race – a six-day relay race – without Grenda's help. His partner had appendicitis.

He wrote in the Saturday Evening Post after his first six-day race in New York:

Goullet took American nationality in 1916. He joined the US Navy when the US joined World War I in 1917, but never left the country.

Goullet was so popular in the 1920s that he was paid $1,000 a day. Historian Peter Nye says a National Football League franchise could be bought at the time for a few hundred dollars. National Football League teams sold for $100 each in the 1920s, making all 11 teams together worth $1100. Goullet made 10 times as much. Such was the crowd – 15,000 – to see him at Madison Square Garden in 1921 that firemen surrounded the building to stop gatecrashers. The New York Times said: "Goullet won the race through the greatest exhibition of sustained speed ever known in history." A Tour de France rider, Maurice Brocco, and he picked up $50,000, , on the last night. Damon Runyon wrote in The New York Times that Goullet was the king of six-day racers, proclaiming, "Long live the king!"

By 1925, Goullet had won around 400 races, established six world records and won the New York six-day race eight times.

Later life and recognition
Goullet retired at 34, recently married, after that December's race at Madison Square Garden. The organisers paid him an appearance fee of $10,000. He estimated he earned $100,000 from cycling at a time when a manual worker brought home $5 a day. At his peak, he earned more than the $20,000 paid to baseball's Babe Ruth in the year he hit 54 home runs for the Yankees. He began selling life insurance and owned and ran a skating rink in Wayne Township.

He was inducted into the Madison Square Garden Hall of Fame in 1968, then flew to Melbourne – his first trip to Australia in 75 years – to join the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1986. He was enrolled in the US Bicycling Hall of Fame in May 1988.

He died in a nursing home aged 103 in Toms River, New Jersey. He was survived by his son, Richard, daughter Suzanne, six grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren.

In 2016, he was posthumously inducted into the Cycling Australia Hall of Fame.

Palmarès

1909
National sprint champion

1912
Melbourne six-day, with Paddy Hehir
Sydney six-day, with Paddy Hehir

1913
National sprint champion
Six Days of New York, with Joe Fogler
Paris six-day, with Joe Fogler

1914
Boston six-day with Alf Hill
New York six-day, with Alfred Grenda
Newark six-day, with Alf Hill

1916
Boston six-day, with Alfred Grenda

1917
New York six-day, with Jake Magin

1919
New York six-day, with Eddie Madden

1920
New York six-day, with Jake Magin

1921
New York six-day, with Maurice Brocco

1922
 New York six-day, with Gaetano Belloni
 Chicago six-day, with Ernst Kockler

1923
New York six-day, with Alfred Grenda

References

External links

1891 births
1995 deaths
Australian centenarians
Sportspeople from Toms River, New Jersey
Australian male cyclists
American male cyclists
American track cyclists
Cyclists from Victoria (state)
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Men centenarians


Tredington is a village and civil parish on the River Stour in Warwickshire, England. The village is  north of Shipston-on-Stour. The civil parish includes the village of Newbold on Stour and hamlets of Armscote, Blackwell and Darlingscott. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 1,422. Tredington civil parish was part of Worcestershire until 1931. The River Stour runs through Tredington, and it was here that Geoff Crabtree caught the second largest pike ever to have been netted in the United Kingdom, weighing in at 45 lb 7oz (20.6 kg), as reported in the July 2007 edition of Angler's Mail.

History

Parish church
The oldest parts of the Church of England parish church of St Gregory are Anglo-Danish, built around 1000. The building has subsequent phases of work from the 12th, 14th, 15th and 17th or 18th centuries. The building was restored in the 19th century. The west tower is 14th-century and has a tall spire. The church is a Grade I listed building. The west tower has a ring of six bells. George Purdue of Taunton, Somerset cast the third, fourth and tenor bells in 1622. Robert Atton of Buckingham cast the fifth bell in 1624. Matthew I Bagley of Chacombe, Northamptonshire cast the treble bell in 1683. G Mears and Company of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London cast the second bell in 1858.

Quaker arrest
In the years after the Restoration, Nonconformist religious groups were suppressed, including Quakers. Quaker leader George Fox was arrested on a visit to Tredington in 1673.

Amenities
Tredington had an 18th-century pub, the White Lion. that was closed 2019, until It was open again in 2022 after it had a major renovation. Newbold on Stour and Tredington primary school is in Tredington. Tredington no longer has a village shop or filling station. Tredington previously had a Little Chef restaurant, until this was taken over by Channings Diner (circa 1997).

References

Bibliography

External links

Tredington Parish Council

Civil parishes in Warwickshire
Villages in Warwickshire


Nathalis iole, the dainty sulphur or dwarf yellow, is a North American butterfly in the family Pieridae.

Description

This species is the smallest North American pierid.  A rare population, known from Homestead (Smith et al., 1994), is said to have mostly white individuals.  Some feel that the dainty sulphur is so unique among pierids, in shape and in several structural features, that it should belong in a separate subfamily.  Its appearance is highly variable but a subset of distinctive features aid in identification.  The forewings' elongated shape is distinctive.  The upperside of the wings is yellow with the tip of the forewing being black.  Black bars extend along the trailing edge of the forewing and the leading edge of the hindwing.  Male dainty sulphurs have an oval scent patch (called an androconial spot) in each hindwing bar.  The androconial spot is reddish orange but fades to pale yellow after death.  The underside of the wings varies depending on the season.  Summer individuals have yellowish hindwings whereas winter individuals have greenish-gray hindwings.  Both forms have black spots near the forewing margin and have a yellowish-orange patch near the base of the forewing.

Similar species
Similar species in the dainty sulphur's range include the barred yellow (Eurema daira) and the little yellow (Eurema lisa).

The barred yellow is larger than the dainty sulphur, and the underside of the wings is either all grayish white or brownish red.

The little yellow is also larger than the dainty sulphur, lacks the dorsal forewing and hindwing black bars, and on the underside of the forewing lacks the black spots and the yellowish-orange patch.

Habitat
The species lives in almost any open space including coastal flats, deserts, fields, roadsides, vacant lots and waste areas.  It usually flies very low to the ground.

Life cycle
Males patrol just inches above the ground in search of females.  If a male finds a female and is faced with rejection, males are likely to engage in an open-winged display, showing off their dorsal bars and their androconial spots.  This last-resort effort to impress the female will often make her reconsider her unwise decision. Females lay their lemon-yellow or orange-yellow eggs singly on young or emerging leaves of the host plant.  The eggs will hatch within 4–7 days.  The larvae are quite variable.  Some larvae are dark green, while others are dark green with bright pinkish-purple stripes.  The stiff haired larvae have two pinkish-red bumps just above the head.  The green or yellow-green chrysalis is covered with yellow-white dots.  It lacks a projection on the head which is found in most pierids.  The dainty sulphur will migrate south to spend the winter because it is unable to survive the cold.  If day length is short when it is a larva, the dainty sulphur produces a winter phenotype upon forming its chrysalis which will then produce a butterfly with three times the usual number of dark scales.  This allows it to absorb solar heat more easily.  It has multiple broods per year.

Host plants
Here are a list of host plants used by the dainty sulphur:

 Spanish needles, (Bidens bipinnata)
 Beggar ticks, (Bidens species)
 Dogweed, (Dyssodia species)
 Common chickweed, (Stellaria media)
 Greenthread, (Thelesperma species)

Image gallery

References

Rick Cech and Guy Tudor 2005.  Butterflies of the East Coast.  Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Ernest M. Shull 1987.  The Butterflies of Indiana.  Indiana Academy of Science.
James A. Scott 1986.  The Butterflies of North America.  Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
Paul A. Opler and Vickai Malikul 1992.  Eastern Butterflies.  Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY.
Thomas J. Allen, Jim P. Brock and Jeffrey Glassberg 2005.  Caterpillars in the Field and Garden.  Oxford University Press Inc.
Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman 2003.  Butterflies of North America.  Houghton Mifflin, New York NY.
Bob Stewart, Priscilla Brodkin and Hank Brodkin 2001.  Butterflies of Arizona.  West Coast Lady Press.

Coliadinae
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies of the Caribbean
Butterflies of Cuba
Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval
Butterflies described in 1836


Hal Crowther (born 1945) is an American journalist and essayist.

Biography
His essays have been published in many anthologies, including Novello: Ten Years of Great American Writing (2000). "Dealer's Choice," Crowther's column on southern letters and culture, has been featured in The Oxford American since 1994.

He was executive editor for the Spectator in Raleigh, North Carolina from 1984 until 1989, and he has also been the film and drama critic for the Buffalo News, media critic for Newsweek, and writer for Time magazine.  Additionally, Crowther has written for The Humanist and Free Inquiry magazines. He has also been a regular contributor to the book pages of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.

Education
He is a graduate of Williams College, where he was sports editor of the Williams Record, and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.

Family
He lives in Hillsborough, North Carolina with his wife, novelist Lee Smith.

Awards
In 1992 his syndicated column received the Baltimore Sun'''s H. L. Mencken Writing Award and in 1998 it won the American Association of Newsweeklies first prize for commentary, shared with Nat Hentoff of the Village Voice. His book Cathedrals of Kudzu: A Personal Landscape of the South won the Lillian Smith Book Award, the 1999-2001 Fellowship Prize for Non-Fiction from the Fellowship of Southern Writers. In 2000, he received the Russell J. Jandoli Award for Excellence in Journalism from St. Bonaventure University. Crowther's poem "Christian Soldiers" was selected for the 2019 Pushcart Prize series.

Works
 An Infuriating American: The Incendiary Arts of H. L. Mencken (2014)
 Gather at the River: Notes From the Post Millennial South (2005)
 Cathedrals of Kudzu: A Personal Landscape of the South (2002)
 Unarmed but Dangerous: A Withering Attack on All Things Phony, Foolish, and Fundamentally Wrong With America Today'' (1995)

References

External links
Official Site

1945 births
Living people
American columnists
American essayists
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
People from Hillsborough, North Carolina
Williams College alumni


The London Intermediate Cup is the County Intermediate Cup of the London FA.  The London Intermediate Cup was first won by Barking in 1914–15.

Winners
Results of finals since 1914-15 are:

External links
 The Official Website of the London Football Association

County Cup competitions
Football competitions in London
Recurring sporting events established in 1914


An intracavernous (or intracavernosal) injection is an injection into the base of the penis.  This injection site is often used to administer medications to check for or treat erectile dysfunction in adult men (in, for example, a combined intracavernous injection and stimulation test). The more common medications administered in this manner include Caverject, Trimix (prostaglandin, papaverine, and phentolamine), Bimix (papaverine and phentolamine), and Quadmix (prostaglandin, papaverine, phentolamine, and either atropine or forskolin). These medications are all types of vasodilators and cause tumescence within 10-15 minutes.
Common side effects include priapism, bruising, fibrosis, Peyronie's disease, and pain.

Priapism is also often treated with intracavernous injections, usually with sympathomimetic vasoconstricting drugs like adrenaline or phenylephrine.

References

Male genital procedures
Routes of administration
Dosage forms


Robert Francis (born September 25, 1987, in Los Angeles, California) is a multi-instrumentalist, Americana singer-songwriter. His debut full-length album, One By One, was released in August 2007 by Aeronaut Records, gaining him notice for its "emotional darkness and musicality". His sound is distinguished by his "bright, gravelly baritone", often conveying the emotion of a more "hardened performer". He is best known for the song "Junebug", which was a top ten airplay hit in Europe in 2010.

One By One (2007)

At nineteen years old, Francis "separated himself from his friends and society to write his debut record, One By One." The album took over a year to make with Francis' [learning] "how to engineer over that period of time." Half of the album was recorded in his childhood home while the rest was recorded at his friend's parents' house while they were out of town. "Songs like Dakota and One By One were recorded there." The album received three and a half stars on the All Music Guide.

In 2008 Francis' supported Australian singer/songwriter Missy Higgins on a national tour.

On March 5, 2009, Carson Daly aired a half-hour feature on the singer/songwriter where he performed One By One, Do What I Can and Junebug.

Robert Francis' One By One was nominated for the prestigious Shortlist Music Prize in 2007.

Francis' song, "All of My Trains," from his album One By One appeared in the 2009 film, The Vicious Kind.

Two of his songs, "Dakota" and "All of My Trains", were used in the 2012 film Deadfall.

Before Nightfall (2009)

In 2009, Francis' signed with Atlantic Records and recorded his sophomore album Before Nightfall. The record was produced by "hardcore super-producer" Dave Sardy and released in the fall of that year. The song Junebug was released as a Free Single on iTunes during the week of the album's release.

In 2010, Junebug reached #1 on French Radio and was featured on the NRJ Summer Hits Only Compilation. Junebug also reached a peak position of #22 in Switzerland and #26 in Germany and #25 in Portugal.
In 2010 Francis' performed his song Junebug and a cover of The Rolling Stones, Wild Horses on the French television show Taratata. He returned to the show again later that year to perform a duet with The John Butler Trio where they covered The Beatles' Across The Universe.
He also performed his song Nightfall with Manu Katche on the French television show One Shot Not that same year.
On August 10, 2010 Francis performed Junebug on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. In 2010 Francis' was invited to perform at the 25th Annual Farm Aid in Milwaukee, WI. In the winter of 2010 Francis' performed a sold out tour of Europe.

Strangers in the First Place (2012)

It was announced that Francis would release his third album, and first with Vanguard Records, Strangers in the First Place, on May 22, 2012.
The album was recorded in Malibu, California, at the "Eagle's Watch" House designed by famed architect Harry Gesner.

He performed Perfectly Yours on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on July 19, 2012.

Francis was invited to Bob Weir's TRI Studios to play songs off Strangers In The First Place with Yahoo Music describing the performance as "endless nostalgia and nuance in each note."

Heaven (2014)

Francis' fourth studio album, "Heaven", was released on Aeronaut Records on June 3, 2014.

The song "Baby Was the Devil" was used in the fifth episode of season 5 of the series Shameless.

Fire Engine Red and Empire Blues (2016)

Robert Francis' Fifth Studio Album, "Fire Engine Red" was released on May 13, 2016.

On November 28, 2016, Francis announced that he is returning to work on his next record, Empire Blues, which he had begun work on before Fire Engine Red.

Discography

References

External links
Official Website
Robert Francis on Facebook
Robert Francis on MySpace

1987 births
Living people
Musicians from Los Angeles
American male singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from California
Crossroads School alumni
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American male singers


Katherine Weare (born 1950) is a Professor of Education at the University of Southampton, England.

She was educated at the Grey Coat Hospital, Westminster, the University of Kent at Canterbury, Goldsmiths College, University of London and the Institute of Education, University of London. She began her career as a teacher of English and Drama in secondary schools, and moved into higher education at the age of 25. She has researched and written extensively on mental health, emotional wellbeing, emotional and social learning.

In the 1980s she was a key player in the development of the Healthy School/Health Promoting School movement under the umbrella of the World Health Organization and the European Union. In the 1990s she worked for the World Health Organization in Eastern and Central Europe and Russia to develop work on social, emotional and health education in schools. She has helped various national and international agencies to develop their education and mental health services, including working with the European Union to develop work on preventing anxiety and depression in children and young people, and in creating an international database of effective mental health programmes for Europe.

Since the year 2000 she has advised the English government Department for Children, Schools and Families on policy in the area of social and emotional learning (SEAL). Her report to the DCSF What Works in Promoting Children's Emotional and Social Competence was a significant catalyst in the development of the English programme “Primary SEAL”, a comprehensive approach to helping children develop their social and emotional skills, which can now be found in at least half the primary schools in England. She went on to be a key contributor to the writing and development of a parallel programme in secondary schools, “Secondary SEAL”.

She is an honorary member of the Society of Public Health Medicine, and a board member of the international network INTERCAMHS (International alliance for child and mental health in schools).

She is editor of the journal Health Education, published by Emerald Group Publishing, and on the editorial board of several mental health journals.

Recent works

 Developing the Emotionally Literate School. Sage, 2004.
 Promoting Mental, Emotional and Social Health – a whole school approach.  Routledge. 2000.

References

External links
Homepage of Katherine Weare, University of Southampton

1950 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Southampton
Alumni of the University of Kent
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Alumni of the UCL Institute of Education
People educated at Grey Coat Hospital
Place of birth missing (living people)


"In the House of Suddhoo" is a short story by Rudyard Kipling. The story was published in the Civil and Military Gazette on April 30, 1886 under the title "Section 420, I.P.C." (Indian Penal Code). (Section 420 of the Indian Penal Code of 1860 lays down that anyone who cheats and dishonestly induces a person to hand over any valuable property shall be punished with imprisonment and a fine.) Its first appearance in book form was in the first Indian edition of Plain Tales from the Hills in 1888. It was the third of the stories that appear in that collection to be written

"In the House of Suddhoo", therefore, is a story about deception. There are several layers of uncertainty in it. Suddhoo is a "very, very old" man who lets rooms in his house. The inhabitants are: on the ground floor, Bhagwan Dass, the grocer, and a man who claims to be a seal-cutter, together with their households; on the upper floor, Janoo (and formerly Azizun, who has now married and left), "Ladies of the City, and theirs was an ancient and more or less honourable profession" (that is, prostitutes). Here is one layer of questionable honesty - although Kipling is at pains to show Janoo as honest and intelligent. The narrator is in favour with Suddhoo, because he, a Sahib or Briton has got a job for one of Suddhoo's cousins. "Suddhoo says that God will make me a Lieutenant-Governor one of these days. [Another layer of dishonesty - or humour?] I daresay his prophecy will come true. [Again]"

Suddhoo is very fond of his son, who lives at Peshawar, some 400 miles away. The young man contracts pleurisy. The seal-cutter, who understands the telegraph as Suddhoo cannot, has a friend in Peshawar who sends him the details before letters arrive. Suddhoo is worried at his son's health and invites the narrator to discuss it - specifically the prohibition on jadoo, or magic, by the Raj. The narrator reassures him that white magic is permitted, and that the officials of the Raj practise it themselves - Kipling adds, with more humour, "(If the Financial Statement [roughly, the Budget of the government of India] isn't magic, I don't know what is)". Suddhoo admits that he has paid much money for the 'clean sorcery' of the seal-cutter, who gets accurate reports "more quickly than the lightning can fly".

So they approach Suddhoo's house, hearing noises from the seal-cutter's window. They climb the darkened stairs, to Janoo's room, where there is more space. Then the magician enters, stripped to the waist, and puts on a most impressive performance, face white and eyes rolled back. The narrator recognises the fire-eating and the ventriloquism, and realises that, however impressive - and frightening - the performance is, it is a fraud, as Janoo says in her own language hearing him twice claim a very precise fee. (It is, of course, the central fraud in the tale.) She is upset that Suddhoo is spending all his money, some of which she had counted on acquiring (by "wheedling", which may be accounted as another form of deception).

Kipling summarises the narrator's problems: he has aided and abetted the seal-cutter in obtaining money under false pretences, so is guilty under British law; he cannot tackle the seal-cutter, as the latter will poison Janoo; and he fears that Janoo will poison the seal-cutter anyway. making him (the narrator) guilty as accessory to the act.

So deception is manifold.

All quotations in this article have been taken from the Uniform Edition of Plain Tales from the Hills published by Macmillan & Co., Limited in London in 1899. The text is that of the third edition (1890), and the author of the article has used his own copy of the 1923 reprint. The Kipling Society's website has further comment, including notes at .

References

External links

Short stories by Rudyard Kipling
Rudyard Kipling stories about India
1886 short stories
Works originally published in the Civil and Military Gazette