Columbia Asia is a  multinational chain of hospitals and one of the largest and fastest-growing healthcare companies in Southeast Asia. Columbia Asia started its operations in 1996, with the first hospital acquired a year later in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Currently, it has 22 medical facilities across Southeast Asia: 14 in Malaysia, 3 in Vietnam, and 5 in Indonesia.

In September 2019, a joint-venture partnership between Malaysian-based conglomerate, Hong Leong Group, and alternative asset firm, TPG had acquired most of Columbia Asia assets in Southeast Asia which include Malaysia, Vietnam, and Indonesia with a total of 19 medical facilities.

Targeting the fast-growing middle-income group, Columbia Asia offers medical services by setting up mid-sized hospitals in residential areas.

The company is in the midst of expansion and upon completion of this phase, the company will have 14 facilities in Malaysia, 3 facilities in Vietnam, and 5 facilities in Indonesia. In addition to the pipeline projects, expansion of the existing facilities is also planned to cater to the growing healthcare demand in the community.

Columbia Asia medical facilities provide comprehensive medical services such as General Surgery, Cardiology, Neurology, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopedics and Trauma, Oncology and Internal Medicine. These are supported by ancillary services that include an Intensive Care Unit(ICU) , Neonatal Care Unit, Physiotherapy, Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Imaging.

Current facilities

Malaysia

Columbia Asia Hospital – Bukit Jalil Newest
Columbia Asia Hospital – Bukit Jalil marks the 22nd establishment within the Columbia Asia Group's network of hospitals. It serves the community in Bukit Jalil and surrounding residential areas, encompassing Seri Kembangan, Serdang, OUG, Taman Desa, Sri Petaling, and Sungai Besi in Kuala Lumpur.

The hospital is a seven story building situated on expansive grounds spanning over 20,010 square meters. It contains 22 specialized clinics, 96 in-patient ward beds, five ICU beds, three fully-equipped operating theaters, four labor rooms, ten nursery cots, and two Special Care Nursery cots. The hospital also provides multi-story parking facilities.

The medical specialties offered encompass Anesthesiology, ENT, General Surgery, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Spine Surgery, and Radiology, including various clinical sub-specialties.

Among its clinical facilities is a rehabilitation unit equipped with physiotherapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy services, a health screening unit, an endoscopy unit, and a 24-hour service A&E unit, radiology and imaging services, a laboratory, and a pharmacy. The hospital has a 1.5 Tesla MRI, a 160-slice CT scan, and digital radiography equipment.

Columbia Asia Hospital – Klang
Serving the residents in and around Setia Alam, Bukit Raja, Bandar Baru Klang, Kapar and Pekan Meru, Columbia Asia Hospital – Klang is a multi-disciplinary hospital that offers specialized services including Cardiology, Orthopedic, General Surgery, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Radiology.

Columbia Asia Hospital – Puchong
Columbia Asia Hospital – Puchong is a private hospital in Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia. It opened in 2007 and cost RM55 million to build. The facility has 78 beds, 30 resident doctors, and 15 visiting consultants and serves a population of 300,000 people, from Puchong and surrounding areas. The hospital also uses a proprietary software system for medical records, billing and queuing of patients.

The hospital opened in 2008 and cost RM70 million to build. The 82-bed facility has three operating theatres, a medical laboratory, radiological facilities and the computerized operating systems.

Columbia Asia Hospital – Seremban
Columbia Asia Hospital – Seremban is a private hospital in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia. The hospital opened in 1999 and now has 116 beds and offers outpatient and inpatient specialist services, a 24-hour clinic, and emergency services.

Other hospitals

 Columbia Asia Hospital – Tebrau Johore
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Petaling Jaya Selangor
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Taiping Perak
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Miri Sarawak
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Bintulu Sarawak
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Bukit Rimau Selangor
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Iskandar Puteri Johore
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Setapak Kuala Lumpur
 Columbia Asia Hospital – Cheras Selangor
 Columbia Asia Extended Care Hospital – Shah Alam Selangor

Vietnam
 Columbia Asia – Gia Dinh International Hospital: The 20-bed facility was opened in 1998 in Ho Chi Minh City's Binh Thanh district, and was the first 100% foreign-invested hospital in the country.
 Columbia Asia International Clinic – Saigon, Ho Chi Minh City: Located in District 1.
 Columbia Asia – Binh Duong International Hospital, Thuan An: The 100-bed facility was opened in 2012 and is the first 100% foreign-invested hospital in Binh Duong province.

Indonesia

 Rumah Sakit Columbia Asia – Aksara Medan Newest
 Rumah Sakit Columbia Asia – BSD Tangerang Newly Acquired
 Rumah Sakit Columbia Asia – Pulomas, East Jakarta
 Rumah Sakit Columbia Asia – Semarang Central Java
 Rumah Sakit Columbia Asia – Medan North Sumatra

Planned facilities

Malaysia
 Batu Kawan Penang

References

Hospital networks
Hospitals in Kuala Lumpur
Medical and health organisations based in Malaysia
Hospitals in Indonesia
Hospitals in Malaysia


North Dock may refer to
North Dock, Garston
North Dock, Swansea


McDonogh 35 Senior High School is a charter public high school in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is a part of New Orleans Public Schools and InspireNOLA charter operator. The school was named after John McDonogh.

History

Prior to 1917, during the era of segregated school systems in the Southern U.S., no public high school existed in New Orleans for African-American pupils. Those interested in pursuing an education beyond the eighth grade had to attend one of the city's three private secondary schools for blacks: Leland College, New Orleans University, or Straight College.

In 1917, a group of citizens met to petition the Orleans Parish School System to convert McDonogh 13 Boys' School from a white elementary school to a secondary educational facility for black pupils. The petition was granted and in the fall of 1917, McDonogh 35 Senior High School became recognized as a four-year high school. McDonogh 35 remained the only public four-year high school for African Americans until the L. B. Landry transitioned from an elementary into a high school in 1942. Booker T. Washington also opened its doors in 1942 for African Americans.

Over the years, McDonogh 35 has changed its location four times. The original building at 655 South Rampart Street was destroyed when Hurricane Betsy struck New Orleans in 1965, and for the next four years the school was temporarily located in the former United States Federal Court House Building at 600 Camp Street. In 1969, students and faculty were moved into the school facility at 133 St. Ann Street that formerly housed McDonogh 41 Elementary School. In September 1972, the facility relocated to 1331 Kerlerec Street in the Tremé neighborhood. During the 1992-1993 school year, McDonogh 35 was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence by the United States Department of Education.

By April 13, 2006, McDonogh 35 was one of six public high schools that had re-opened since Katrina. Of them, it was the only one in a Downtown neighborhood. According to Philip White, the principal, initially the administration had plans to accommodate 800 students but found fewer due to the effects of the hurricane. One month later, the enrollment went over 1,000 students and the administration was forced to stop accepting students.

The current facility which opened on August 20, 2015 is located on 16 acres in the Bayou District at 4000 Cadillac Street, the former Phillips/Waters school site. The Louisiana Recovery School District allocated $55 million in Federal Emergency Management Agency recovery funds tied to this site to construct the new state of the art McDonogh 35 College Preparatory High School.

On December 20, 2018, the Orleans Parish School Board awarded the InspireNOLA charter group a two-year management contract to operate McDonogh 35 College Preparatory High School, which will only have eleventh and twelfth grades. Once the students graduate, that school will close.

The school board also announced that InspireNOLA was awarded a contract to create a charter high school on the same campus. In 2019, McDonogh 35 College Preparatory Charter High School will start with ninth grade and add a grade each year until it reaches twelfth grade.

The "Roneagle"
A "Roneagle" or "Ironeagle" is a mythical bird fashioned after the American bald eagle however because of its solid iron constitution, it was stronger, swifter, larger and more resourceful than all other birds—a symbol of strength and courage meant to inspire the students of the school.  This is the emblem and mascot of McDonogh 35 Senior High School; the "I" was later intentionally dropped to make it easier to pronounce. The first issue of the school's yearbook in 1928 describes the mythical creature.

Academics
Christine Woyshner and Chara Haeussler Bohan, editors of Histories of Social Studies and Race: 1865-2000, said that "Despite the pressures of a state-mandated standardized curriculum and a corresponding accountability policy, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, McDonogh 35 retained a strong academic curriculum that placed social justice and students at its center.

Athletics
McDonogh 35 College Preparatory Charter athletics competes in the LHSAA.

Notable alumni

McDonogh 35 College Preparatory High School
 Delvin Breaux, NFL cornerback
 Carlos Henderson, NFL wide receiver

McDonogh 35 Senior High School
 Joan Bernard Armstrong, first female elected judge in Louisiana and first African American chief judge of the Louisiana 4th Circuit Court of Appeals
 Israel Meyer Augustine Jr., first black elected judge of Orleans Parish Criminal District Court
 Rev. Abraham Lincoln "A.L." Davis, founder of Southern Christian Leadership Conference and first black city councilman in New Orleans
 Michael S. Harrison (class of 1987), Superintendent, New Orleans Police Department
 Jason Hughes, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
 Geneva Handy Southall (class of 1941), musician, musicologist, professor, and writer
 Jared Brossett (class of 2000), Councilman, City of New Orleans
 Punkie Johnson (class of 2003), actress and stand-up comedian, current featured player on Saturday Night Live
 Dr. Janina Jeff (class of 2003), geneticist and host/executive producer of In Those Genes podcast
 Chris Clark (class of 2003), NFL offensive tackle
 Dr. Calvin Mackie (class of 1985), motivational speaker and entrepreneur
 Ernest Nathan Morial, first African-American mayor of New Orleans (1978–86)
 Michael Smith (class of 1997) NFL reporter for ESPN
 Neil Smith (class of 1984), NFL defensive end and two-time Super Bowl champion
 Darryl Willis, Vice President in charge of claims for BP in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
 Carlton G. Smith (class of 1986), Major General, U.S. Army

Further reading

References

External links
 McDonogh 35 High School website

Charter schools in New Orleans
Preparatory schools in Louisiana
Public high schools in New Orleans
Educational institutions established in 2019
2019 establishments in Louisiana


South Dock may refer to:

 South Dock (West India Docks), formerly known as South West India Dock, Isle of Dogs, London, England
 South Dock, Rotherhithe, London, England
 South Dock, of the Swansea docks, Wales

See also
 South Quay, a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station, Isle of Dogs, London


English America could refer to:
Anglo-America, parts of the Americas where English is spoken.
British America, parts of the Americas that were ruled by England and later the United Kingdom.


Matthew James or Mathew James may refer to:
Mathew James (umpire) (born 1974), Australian rules football umpire
Matthew James (actor) (born 1973), American actor
Matthew James (politician) (born 1955), American politician from Virginia
Matty James (Matthew Lee James, born 1991), English footballer for Leicester City
Matthew C. James (1857/58–1934),  marine architect, poet and songwriter from Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne

See also
Matt James (disambiguation)


Keymont is an unincorporated community in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States, located between Keyser and Piedmont on State Route 46.

References

Unincorporated communities in Mineral County, West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia


Bowieville is a historic home located near Upper Marlboro in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is an elegant two-part plantation house of the late Federal style, built of brick and covered with stucco. The architectural detail is transitional between the Federal and Greek Revival styles.

Bowieville is one of the finest examples of the Federal style in Prince George's County. Features such as its symmetry, elliptical fanlights at the entry and between the parlors, tripartite windows, bowed rear porch, and other Adamesque details exemplify the Federal style. Bowieville reflects the prosperity of the tobacco economy of Prince George's County, as well as the prominence of the Bowie family.   Bowieville once held 54 slaves.

The Bowie family had extensive landholdings in the county and were important politically. Bowieville was built in 1819-20 by Mary Wooton Bowie, daughter of Robert Bowie, Governor of Maryland, on property she inherited from her father, and is very similar in styling to his home, Mattaponi, which is also of brick covered with stucco.

After the death of Mary Bowie in 1825, the plantation was entangled in legal issues until the house was sold in 1846 to William J. Berry, one of the county's wealthiest planters.

Bowieville was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

References

External links
, including photograph in 1989, at Maryland Historical Trust web site

Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
Houses completed in 1820
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Federal architecture in Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Plantation houses in Maryland
Bowie family
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland


We Don't Have to Be Alone is This Condition's second release, a five-song EP, recorded in August/September 2008.  It was released on November 18, 2008 through online retailers and digital music stores (iTunes).  Recorded in Hicksville, NY's Killingsworth Studios under producer Anthony Santonocito, the album features a new recording of "Red Letter", previously only released in a demo.  The song "Barefoot (Steve's Song)" contains a hidden, sing-along track after the conclusion of the song, of a group of people singing the chorus to the first song on the album, The Timing.

Tracks
"The Timing" - 3:09
"Red Letter" - 3:41
"Some Nights Just Feel Right" - 4:01
"I'm No Hero" - 4:16
"Barefoot (Steve's Song)" - 5:15

References

2008 EPs
This Condition albums


Farm water, also known as agricultural water, is water committed for use in the production of food and fibre and collecting for further resources. In the US, some 80% of the fresh water withdrawn from rivers and groundwater is used to produce food and other agricultural products. Farm water may include water used in the irrigation of crops or the watering of livestock.
Its study is called agricultural hydrology.

Water is one of the most fundamental parts of the global economy. In areas without healthy water resources or sanitation services, economic growth cannot be sustained. Without access to clean water, nearly every industry would suffer, most notably agriculture. As water scarcity grows as a global concern, food security is also brought into consideration. A recent example of this could be the drought in California; for every $100 spent on foods from this state, a consumer is projected to pay up to $15 additionally.

Livestock water use
Livestock and meat production have some of the largest water footprints of the agricultural industry, taking nearly 1,800 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef and 576 gallons for pork. About 108 gallons of water are needed to harvest one pound of corn. Livestock production is also one of the most resource-intensive agricultural outputs. This is largely due to their large feed conversion ratio. Livestock's large water consumption may also be attributed to the amount of time  needed to raise an animal to slaughter. Again, in an invalid contrast to corn, which grows to maturity in about 100 days, about 995 days are needed to grow cattle. The global "food animal" population is just over 20 billion creatures; with 7+ billion humans, this equates to about 2.85 animals per human.

Cattle
The beef and dairy industries are the most lucrative branches of the U.S. agricultural industry, but they are also the most resource intensive. To date, beef is the most popular of the meats;  the U.S. alone produced 25.8 billion pounds in 2013. In this same year, 201.2 billion pounds of milk were produced. These cattle are mostly raised in centralized animal feeding operations, or CAFOs. Typically, a mature cow consumes 7 to 24 gallons of water a day; lactating cows require about twice as much water.  The amount of water that cattle may drink in a day also depends upon the temperature. Cattle have a feed conversion ratio of 6:1, for every six pounds of food consumed, the animal should gain one pound. Thus, there is also a substantial "indirect" need for water in order to grow the feed for the livestock. Growing the amount of feed grains necessary for raising livestock accounts for 56 percent of the U.S water consumption. Of a 1,000 pound cow, only 430 pounds make it to the retail markets. This 18 percent loss, creates an even greater demand for cattle, being that CAFOs must make up for this lost profitable weight, by increasing the number of cows that they raise.

Water scarcity is not necessarily a new issue, however, cattle ranchers in America have been cutting herd sizes since the 1950s in efforts to curb water and manufacturing costs. This shift has led to more efficient feeding and health methods, allowing ranchers to harvest more beef per animal. The rising popularity of these CAFOs are creating a larger demand for water, however. Grass-fed or grazing cows consume about twelve percent more water through the ingestion of live plants, than those cows who are fed dried grains.

Poultry and fowl
Water is one of the most crucial aspects of poultry raising, as like all animals, they use this to carry food through their system,  assist in digestion, and regulate body temperature. Farmers monitor flock water consumption  to measure the overall health of their birds. As birds grow older they consume more feed and about three times as much water because they are three times larger. In just three weeks, a 1000-bird flock's water consumption should increase by about 10 gallons a day. Water consumption is also influenced by temperature. In hot weather, birds pant to keep cool, thus losing much of their water. A study based in Ohio showed that 67% of water sampled near poultry farms contained antibiotics.

Horticulture water use

With modern advancements, crops are being cultivated year round in countries all around the world. As water usage becomes a more pervasive global issue, irrigation practices for crops are being refined and becoming more sustainable. While several irrigation systems are used, these may be grouped into two types: high flow and low flow. These systems must be managed precisely to prevent runoff, overspray, or low-head drainage.

Scarcity of water in agriculture

About  years ago, the common perception was that water was an infinite resource. At that time,  fewer than half the current number of people were on the planet. Standard of living was not as high, so individuals consumed fewer calories, and ate less meat, so less water was needed to produce their food. They required a third of the volume of water presently taken from rivers. Today, the competition for water resources is much more intense, because nearly eight billion people are now on the planet, and their consumption of meat and vegetables is rising. Competition for water from industry, urbanisation, and biofuel crops is rising congruently. To avoid a global water crisis, farmers will have to make strides to increase productivity to meet growing demands for food, while industry and cities find ways to use water more efficiently.

Successful agriculture is dependent upon farmers having sufficient access to water, but water scarcity is already a critical constraint to farming in many parts of the world. Physical water scarcity is where not enough water is available to meet all demands, including that needed for ecosystems to function effectively. Arid regions frequently suffer from physical water scarcity. It also occurs where water seems abundant, but where resources are over-committed. This can happen where hydraulic infrastructure is over-developed, usually for irrigation. Symptoms of physical water scarcity include environmental degradation and declining groundwater. Economic scarcity, meanwhile, is caused by a lack of investment in water or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand for water. Symptoms of economic water scarcity include a lack of infrastructure, with people often having to fetch water from rivers for domestic and agricultural uses. Some 2.8 billion people currently live in water-scarce areas.  In developed countries, environmental regulations restrict water availability by redirecting water to aid endangered species, such as snail darters.

Sustainable water use

While water use affects environmental degradation and economic growth, it is also sparking innovation regarding new irrigation methods. In 2006, the USDA predicted that if the agricultural sector improved water efficiency by just 10%, farms could save upwards of $200 million per year. Many of the practices that cut water use are cost effective. Farmers who use straw, compost, or mulch around their crops can reduce evaporation by about 75%, though the input costs are neither inexpensive nor readily available in some areas. This would also reduce the number of weeds and save a farmer from using herbicides. Mulches or ground covers also allow the soils to absorb more water by reducing compaction. The use of white or pale gravel is also practiced, as it reduces evaporation and keeps soil temperatures low by reflecting sunlight.

In addition to reducing water loss at the sink, more sustainable ways to harvest water also can be used. Many modern small (nonindustrial) farmers are using rain barrels to collect the water needed for their crops and livestock. On average, rainwater harvesting where rain is frequent reduces the cost of water in half. This would also greatly reduce the stress on local aquifers and wells. Because farmers use the roofs of their buildings to gather this water, this also reduced rainwater runoff and soil erosion on and around their farms.

References

Environmental impact of agriculture
Environmental issues with water
Farms


King's Dock may refer to
King's Dock, Port of Liverpool
King's Dock, New York, near Garrison, New York
King's Dock, Swansea
 Kings Dock at Canarsie Pier
King's Dockyard (1797-1833), the first dockyard in the colony of New South Wales.


Queen's Dock may refer to:
Queen's Dock, Port of Liverpool
Queen's Dock, Swansea
Queen's Dock, Glasgow (see SEC Centre)
Queen's Dock, Hull


The 2008–09 Liga III season was the 53rd season of Liga III, the third tier of the Romanian football league system.

The winners of each division got promoted to the 2009–10 Liga II season. There were also two playoff tournaments held at neutral venues involving the second placed teams, one with those from series 1, 2 and 3, the other with those from series 4, 5, and 6. The winners of the playoffs also got promoted to the 2009–10 Liga II season.
The bottom three from each division were relegated at the end of the season to the Liga IV. From the 15th placed teams, another three were relegated. To determine these teams, separate standings were computed, using only the games played against clubs ranked 1st through 14th.

Standings

Seria I

Seria II

Seria III

Seria IV

Seria V

Seria VI

Playoffs

Group 1

 10 June 2009 – Municipal Stadium – Oţelul II Galaţi – Tricolorul Breaza 0-3
 13 June 2009 – Municipal Stadium – Tricolorul Breaza – CS Ovidiu 3-1
 17 June 2009 – Municipal Stadium – CS Ovidiu – Oţelul II Galaţi 1-3
 Tricolorul Breaza Promoted

Group 2

 10 June 2009 – Cetate Stadium – FC Caracal – Silvania Şimleu Silvaniei 0-2
 13 June 2009 – Cetate Stadium – Silvania Şimleu Silvaniei – CS Ineu  3-1
 17 June 2009 – Cetate Stadium – FC Caracal – CS Ineu Cancelled
 Silvania Şimleu Silvaniei Promoted

See also

 2008–09 Liga I
 2008–09 Liga II
 2008–09 Liga IV

Liga III seasons
3
Romania


Akademik Stadium is a football stadium located in Sofia, Bulgaria with a capacity of 8,000 sitting and 2,000 standing for sports and expandable to 22,000 for concerts. The stadium complex consists of 1 grass field, 2 additional fields, 4 changing rooms and 1 cafe-bar, as well as halls for Tae Bo, boxing, judo, a dancesport hall and a gym.

Concerts
 8 September 1992: Ian Gillan Band
 28 August 1999: The Prodigy
 16 July 2000: Motörhead
 29 July 2000: Alice Cooper - "Live from the Brutal Planet"
 3 July 2002: Halford / Slayer - "Arena Muzika"
 14 June 2003: Whitesnake - "Arena Muzika"
 18 June 2004: Judas Priest / Queensrÿche - "Arena Muzika"
 21 June 2004: Peter Gabriel - "Arena Muzika"
 1 June 2007: INXS
 4 April 2008:  Whitesnake / Def Leppard
 16 May 2008: KISS
 29 June 2009: Saga / Queensrÿche / Limp Bizkit - "Rock the Balkans"
 25 October 2010: Scorpions - "Get Your Sting and Blackout World Tour"
6 July 2014 30 Seconds to Mars / The Offspring

External links
 StadiumDB profile

References

Football venues in Bulgaria
Music venues in Bulgaria
Sports venues in Sofia


Franz Jetzinger (3 December 1882 in Ranshofen in Upper Austria – 19 March 1965 in Ottensheim in Upper Austria) was an Austrian clergyman, academic, politician, civil servant, editor and author. He remains especially famous as author of the book Hitler’s Youth.

Life and work

After graduating from school, Jetzinger studied at the theological faculty of the university of Salzburg. He became a Jesuit priest and professor at the philosophic-theological academy in Linz. In this capacity he visited, amongst other places, Palestine in 1908.

During the First World War, Jetzinger served as a military chaplain. In 1918 he began an intensive political career: first in the German People's Party (electoral district Ried) and from 1919 on in the Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei (Social Democratic Worker Party). On 14 February 1921 the Catholic Church excommunicated him. From 1919 until 1934, Jetzinger served as social democratic assemblyman in the federal state Diet (electoral district Innviertel). From 1920 until 1930 he was editor at Tagesblatt. After he had worked as deputy for two years, Jetzinger became District Administrator in 1932 and therefore member of the Upper Austrian federal state government in Linz.

After the ban to take mandates on 12 February 1934, Jetzinger, being a social democrat, was arrested by Dollfuß for five weeks. Afterwards he worked as insurance appointee for the Viennese local government. In 1935 he re-entered the Catholic Church and worked as librarian in the student's library in Linz.

Having been a member of the federal state government, Jetzinger had secured for himself the Austrian military file of Adolf Hitler, which included details on Hitler's arrest in 1914, which took place because he fled from military conscription. After Hitler had annexed Austria in 1938, he repeatedly tried to have the Gestapo locate and secure the compromising file, but Jetzinger successfully hid it in his attic until 1945, despite his arrest by the Gestapo on 22 April 1944. In 1956, Jetzinger, who hated Hitler and the National Socialist regime, wrote the book Hitler's Jugend (Hitler’s Youth), in which he also published the contents of Hitler's military file.

Hitler’s Youth
Jetzinger gained fame in 1958 through the English version of his book Hitler’s Youth, in which he could refute many of Hitler's statements about his early years. He attracted attention by attacking an earlier published book The Young Hitler I Knew by August Kubizek, whom Jetzinger accused of spreading falsehoods. While earlier Hitler biographers like Joachim Fest or Werner Maser adopted Jetzinger's criticism as their own, Jetzinger's crushing judgment of Kubizek's credibility has been  challenged by  Brigitte Hamann, author of Hitlers Wien. In 2006, Ian Kershaw opined that Jetzinger's scholarship is, in fact, not invariably superior to Kubizek's vivid pen-picture of the young Hitler, and contains some weaknesses of its own, both factual and interpretative.

Still, Jetzinger's work remains relevant in the 21st century: In 2007, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a radio play titled  Dr Freud Will See You Now, Mr[s] Hitler, a largely counter-factual work written by a pair of established Jewish screenwriters who credit Hitler's Youth for the factual basis which launched their enterprise a decade earlier.

Work

References

External links

 (biography of) Franz Jetzinger, Prof. Dr. - Austrian federal state of Upper Austria
 Kein Ariernachweis. Critical review of the Jetzinger book Hitlers Jugend in Der Spiegel 24/1957

Austrian politicians
Austrian male writers
People temporarily excommunicated by the Catholic Church
20th-century Austrian Jesuits
People from Braunau am Inn
1965 deaths
1882 births
Austrian military chaplains


The Western Science Center (WSC), formerly the Western Center for Archaeology & Paleontology, is a museum located near Diamond Valley Lake in Hemet, California. The WSC is home to a large collection of Native American artifacts and Ice Age fossils that were unearthed at Diamond Valley Lake, including "Max", the largest mastodon found in the western United States, and "Xena", a Columbian mammoth, as well as dinosaur fossils recovered from New Mexico.

Opened in 2006, the museum has been designed to provide world-class facilities for the research, curation, and presentation of the nearly one million specimens discovered during the development of Diamond Valley Lake in Hemet.

The Campus
The  building was designed to be among the most eco-friendly museums in the United States. Its special environmental features include solar panels on the roof, cold-water pipelines running underneath the floor to reduce air conditioning, landscaping with low-irrigation native foliage, and extensive water reclamation. In 2008, it was awarded LEED Platinum Status by the US Green Building Council, their highest rating, and was the first museum in the United States to receive the recognition.

The museum's public displays are housed in the permanent gallery, with another gallery housing temporary and traveling exhibits. The collections are held in the repository, not open to the public, which features , fully motorized compactor shelving units. The Collections Repository holds many paleontological and archaeological collections of Riverside County projects.

Exhibits

The museum features a  long exterior walkway that holds a life-on-Earth timeline. The welcome lobby features  high walls with re-created paleontological strata and reproduction fossils projecting from the walls.

The tour of the permanent gallery begins with interactive exhibits on the natural history of Domenigoni and Diamond Valleys, continuing through displays on European and Native American culture and history from the area. Among the artifacts on display are pieces donated by the Domenigoni family, the original settlers of the valley, and the Soboba band of Luiseño Indians that inhabited the area before them.

Visitors can view two movies on the construction of Diamond Valley Lake, and the fauna of the Pleistocene in the Diamond and Domenigoni Valleys, shown in a 270 degree immersive theater that shakes with the movies. From there, visitors proceed to the paleontology gallery, replete with fossils recovered and studied by scientists from the San Bernardino County Museum. The highlights of this gallery are the skeletons of "Max", the largest mastodon ever discovered in the western United States, and "Xena", a Columbian mammoth. Also featured in the gallery is "Li'l Stevie", one of the most complete mastodons known from the western United States, who is displayed unreconstructed and still partially buried as found when it was first uncovered. The gallery also features the skeletons of a Harlan's ground sloth, and interactive displays on the disciplines of archaeology and paleontology. Visitors can also visit temporary traveling exhibits in the  temporary exhibit area.

On August 21, 2021, the museum opened the new gallery, Prehistory Pathways, which focuses on fossils found in New Mexico's Menefee Formation and the museum's research there. Included is the hadrosaur Ornatops, whose holotype is at the science centre, as well as artwork and models by the noted Brian Engh.

The museum also features a full-scale simulated archaeology and paleontology dig site, which opened for its first student excavations in the spring of 2009. It is currently being used by WSC staff, in association with local K-12 schools and colleges, to teach proper excavation methodology to students. It is also open for museum visitors to view an active dig site in process.

Affiliations
In November 2008 the Smithsonian Institution granted Affiliate status to WSC.

References

External links

Hemet, California
Museums in Riverside County, California
Archaeological museums in California
Natural history museums in California
Geology museums in California
Paleontology in California


The Matiri Project is a run-of-river hydroelectric scheme at Lake Matiri and the Matiri River in the South Island of New Zealand. The project takes water from a series of intake weirs at Lake Matiri and pipes it through a 2.4km long buried pipeline to a power station.

The project was originally proposed by New Zealand Energy Limited, which applied for resource consent for a 4.6 MW station in August 2008. The scheme was opposed by environmentalists and kayakers some of whom were angry that the resource consents were not notified nationwide. The proposal was approved and it included a concession granted by the Department of Conservation to build structures on public land. Forest and Bird did not see that there would be any conservation gain in giving the approval.

The development rights were purchased by Pioneer Energy in 2014. Construction began in 2018. Construction was delayed by a slip and by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the scheme was finally commissioned in December 2020. Ownership was transferred to the Southern Generation partnership on completion.

See also
Electricity sector in New Zealand
List of power stations in New Zealand

References

Hydroelectricity in New Zealand
Hydroelectric power stations in New Zealand


HM Prison East Sutton Park is a women's open prison and young offender's institute located in the Parish of East Sutton, near Maidstone in Kent, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison & Probation Service.

History
East Sutton Park Prison is based in and around an Elizabethan brick house, East Sutton Park, dating from 1570 and overlooking the Weald of Kent. The building was requisitioned at the start of World War II, first opened as a borstal in 1946, then was re-registered to take juvenile and adult females some years later.

In 2016 a report by His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons found "East Sutton Park to be an excellent prison where the very strong
staff-prisoner relationships underpinned safety and a respectful and purposeful approach to preparing women for release. Violence of any kind was extremely rare and the tensions related to communal living were usually resolved through informal mediation rather than formal disciplinary processes".

East Sutton park, Kent. Filmer family owned East Sutton Park from about 1418 - 1916.

The prison today
Accommodation at the prison is divided into 66 rooms of varying sizes. Work at the prison for inmates includes farm work, horticulture, meat processing and catering. East Sutton Park also offers training courses and physical education. Approximately half the prison population work in the community.

Notable former inmates
 Jane Andrews
 Linda Calvey
 Vicky Pryce
 Sarah Tisdall

References

External links
 Ministry of Justice pages on East Sutton Park
 HMP East Sutton Park - HM Inspectorate of Prisons Reports

East Sutton Park
East Sutton Park
East Sutton Park
East Sutton Park


Royal Air Force Condover or more simply RAF Condover is a former Royal Air Force Flying Training Command airfield and air navigation training establishment between August 1942 and June 1945, unusually for both fighter and bomber crews at different times. Located on the southern outskirts of Condover village in Shropshire,  south of the county town Shrewsbury.

Condover was used to train fighter pilots by the RAF and the USAAF as well as pilots and air navigators from Australia, South Africa and Canada.

Although the runways have now been broken up and removed, many original station buildings still stand and the control tower is considered to be one of the best-preserved in Shropshire. After many years as a major part of a local riding school several of the buildings and land plots were offered for sale by auction during the summer of 2007.

History
The station formally opened on 21 August 1942 with three new concrete runways designed for both fighter and bomber aircraft. The airfield was originally planned as a Relief Landing Ground (RLG) and satellite to RAF Atcham but by the time it was completed Atcham had been handed over to the United States Air Force as a fighter base, so Condover was instead established as a satellite airfield under RAF Shawbury, also serving as an RLG for RAF Ternhill. Although it had a large layout for a satellite field it remained mostly under utilised throughout its existence during World War II .

The airfield's three runways, two short and one long runway for heavier bomber aircraft were poorly constructed and the station closed for runway repairs on more than one occasion during the three-year span of its operational career. There were ten hangars erected, a single Type T1 and 9 prefabricated blister type. Airmen and WAAF personnel were accommodated in prefabricated Quonset hutting and the officers were housed in the nearby magnificent Elizabethan manor house, Condover Hall, that had been commandeered by the War Office for the duration of the war.

The first unit at Condover was No. 11 (Pilot) Advanced Flying Unit, of No. 21 Group Flying Training Command, flying Airspeed Oxfords and conducting navigation and cross-country training. At various times between 1942 and 1945 Condover was visited by Supermarine Spitfires, Hawker Hurricanes, Short Stirlings and Avro Lancasters that either diverted to Condover, made emergency landings or overnighted at the station. In January 1945 new North American Harvard trainer aircraft arrived at the airfield but were removed again by June the same year, when the airfield closed. The station was retained by the RAF on a care and maintenance basis until 1960 when it was sold by auction.

Notable incidents
Only three months after the station opened a Pathfinder force Avro Lancaster bomber made an emergency wheels up landing here and the airfield was temporarily closed for essential runway repairs when the brittle concrete surfaces were damaged.

On 5 August 1942, just before the station opened Supermarine Spitfire Mark Vb No. AA 928 of No. 411 (F) Squadron, RCAF made a wheels up crash landing at Condover following a catastrophic engine failure. The formal RAF enquiry later noted:  "Category B damage in a flying accident on 5 August 1942, wheels up landing following an engine failure. Failure of big end bearings in No 2 and 5 pistons. Pilot unable to select wheels down until a suitable landing ground found and then under carriage selector lever stuck and he had neither time nor height to free it. Successful recovery under difficult situation. Aircraft landed at Condover field in Shropshire, which was still under construction at the time."

On 8 May 1945 a Tiger Moth DH82A of Training Command crash landed at Condover and was a total write off. The pilot was severely injured but survived.

RAF Condover memories
By the end of 1944 there were 660 RAF and several hundred Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) personnel stationed at RAF Condover.

Mary Churchill, a WAAF Flight Officer during the war, recounted to the BBC in 2005:

"I was posted to various stations as a relief officer for a while and then settled at the satellite station of RAF Shawbury, Shropshire named RAF Condover. There were only 9 WAAF Officers stationed there with over 200 girls in various trades. The WAAFs were billeted in a hutted camp, very widely dispersed – we had bikes to get round from our living quarters to the working areas and on to the aerodrome. When we were Duty Officers we had to report to the C.O. in the mornings for instructions and dip our hands in a bag and pull out a time disc. This was the time we had to go up to the aerodrome and see if the WAAF were doing their duties – during night flying time.

I met my future husband there at the Cadbury's Caravan *. He was a pilot and at the time Condover was a Training School for Navigation personnel. We had intakes from Canada, South Africa, Australia as well as from the UK.

(* Note: Donated by the Cadbury family of Bournville as a NAAFI canteen)

POW camp
During the latter part of the war a Prisoner of War (POW) camp was established at the western end of the station and the former WAAF accommodation hutting used to house German prisoners, mostly shot down and captured Luftwaffe airmen. The entrance to the camp site was at OS Map Ref: SJ 4908 0423 with the main camp on the northern side of the road. The German prisoners were still housed there awaiting repatriation until early 1947. The prisoners were utilised as farm labourers in the local area and several remained in the Shrewsbury area after the war and settled in the UK.

Present day
For the past forty years most of the airfield has been used for grazing by horses from the nearby Berriewood stables and riding school, with its cross country competition course. A large number of the original buildings remain, including the old control tower, a hangar and various ruins. The main runways were torn up and used as hard-core ballast during the building of the M54 motorway and the extension to the A5 through Shrewsbury, but some of the airfield's perimeter track remains.

The station's technical site on the opposite side of the road is now in use as Condover Industrial Estate, utilising many of the original buildings including the parachute packing shed.

Offered for sale by auction in May 2007 the concrete-built control tower, which extends to 140 square metres, was described by officials from Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council as being of notable historical interest and worthy of retention under a suitable new use. An employee of the auction agents said: “The opportunity exists to explore a wide range of alternative uses for the tower, subject to planning permission, the tower is being offered together with 6.6 acres of pastureland and there are two other buildings, which are in a poorer condition but could be improved."

The southern and eastern extents of the site are now largely utilised as a Solar Farm, which was constructed in 2015.

RAF units and aircraft

References

Citations

Bibliography

See also
 Condover
 Condover Hall
 Condover airfield photographs

Royal Air Force stations in Shropshire
Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom
Shrewsbury and Atcham
Military units and formations established in 1942
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


Bowling Heights is a historic home located in Upper Marlboro, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is a large -story frame house constructed in 1877 in the High Victorian Gothic style.

Bowling Heights was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

References

External links
, including photo in 1974, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Houses completed in 1877
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Gothic Revival architecture in Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
1877 establishments in Maryland


Charles Montague Graham (1867 – 27 March 1938) was an Australian politician. Graham was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, and educated at state schools. He worked as a tailor and was a union official before entering the Western Australian parliament. He was elected as an Australian Labor Party senator at the 1922 election for a term from 1 July 1923 to 30 September 1929, but was defeated for re-election at the 1929 election.
 He later moved to Victoria, and died at his home in Clifton Hill, Melbourne in 1938.

Background
Charles Montague Graham was the eldest son of Patrick Graham, a horse trainer.

Graham received his education in New Zealand. There, he trained to be a tailor but left New Zealand to reside in Australia. After arriving in Australia, he met his wife, Katie; they married on 17 March 1891. He then lived on Pell Street, Broken Hill, New South Wales, starting in 1892. The couple moved from Broken Hill to Western Australia a few years after their marriage.

In Western Australia, Graham set up a business in Piesse Street, Boulder and was elected to Boulder's Municipal Council.

Graham died in Melbourne on 27 March 1938 after a short illness. He and his wife had one daughter, Wilmot Jane.

After mention was given of the death of Charles Montague Graham. It is written that Graham served as a member of the senate for 6 years and was elected as a senator of Western Australia through a general election in 1922. He is also a part of several select committees (where one of them is the Joint Select Committee on Commonwealth Electoral Law and Procedure of 1926 to 1927) as a member. With his passing, he left his wife and a daughter.

Later in his political career, he declared that he was an Australian.

Political chronology

Story chronology
He was an Australian politician who migrated from New Zealand to Australia before 1892 with his wife. He began his political career upon becoming Boulder's Municipal Council in 1922, and by June 1922, he was already placed third in the electoral ticket to becoming the Senate of Western Australia. In the meantime, he has also become the president of his district council. (ALP paper as cited in SAWA)

Daily News then mentioned it, and although not much is known about Charles Graham, some people are assured Charles Graham has the readiness and is a person who can appreciate a different point of view (Great Southern Herald Katanning, 1922, p. 22 and Kalgoorlie Miner, 1922, p. 4 and daily News Perth, 1923, p. 6).

Charles Graham believes he was 'a representative of Western Australia' and claims to be ‘... an Australian'. After mentioning himself as representing Western Australia, he delivered questions and beliefs on what can or should be done in Australia. This leads to the 'one big union' movement. After Graham defended and went against different issues and provided his support to the Senate, he toured Australia as one of Western Australia's delegates.

While serving the government, he pinpoints different systems within Australia, which cause him to worry. With his goal to develop the Australian system. Although he also faced difficulties, as he did not have as much background about the government as he lived his whole childhood, not in a political stance of life and therefore, written by another senator that Graham may not have had the same understanding of the reason behind the current decision of the Australian Government which Graham questioned.

With the different political events which Graham experienced, he has successfully become one of Western Australia's delegates in ALP's eleventh Commonwealth Conference, although he failed to be elected in 1928's election. After failing to be elected, he decided to move to Victoria and stayed in Clifton Hill located in Melbourne.

Work
He fought against and defended numerous beliefs and opinions during his political period. These include: Some level of profit received by Commonwealth bank should be delivered to the people, the trouble of low pensions for the aged, appeal for compassion towards those suffering from work-related illnesses, to create a minor change towards the Conciliation and Arbitration Act, fight against gold bounty, supported selective immigration, and kept an area relating to the concern of Australian Women's Commonwealth Organisations.

Earlier in his political career, he enunciate his central mission, which drew attention to him. He commented and professed that the production of men's (soldier) caps should be protected as it is the 'true Australian sentiment'. This is one of his first objections to the Commonwealth. One of his first actions as a senate is to "Question: Invalid and Old-Age Pensions" on 5 July 1923, and his last actions in the political stance was to bring upon the government 2 questions, which were about "Wireless Advertisements" and "Retiring Senators" (Sherratt, T. as cited in Historic Hansard). It was also written about Charles Graham that who is known mainly as 'a party man in debate'; this statement emphasises the indication that his work will cover policy in regards to Australia, more specifically on Western Australia.

After his continuous political movement after this event. Eventually, his political career ended with his loss in the 1928 election. Before it came to an end, in 1927, he made one of his last speeches, which is regarding expressing hope that the time when men needed to crawl like snakes to approach their masters to beg for work had ended.

As his political career ended, he moved and found a job as a storeman and lastly became the committee of the Victorian Federated Storeman and Packers Union.

Similar figures, history, aftermath
A figure who is said to have worked closest with senator Charles Graham is Edward Needham. They both work as senators for Western Australia's government. They both share some common ground. The main opinions they share are the feeling of dissatisfaction towards the Commonwealth Parliament. In the Biographical dictionary for Charles Montague Graham, it is then written how Edward Needham supported his career in terms of objecting to the Commonwealth.

As in history, as a Western Australia Senator who tackles political policy. During the period when Charles Graham is an active senate representative, in different parts of Australia, such as the Northern Territory, it was brought into concern regarding some of the parliament. This can be related to the fact that Charles Graham was one of the figures who brought up the need for change in different rights acknowledgments during the time. Major bills and government changes were brought up in the territories.

Some changes include a debate on the right to vote and house representation. The discussion about the house representation. In this matter, it is aforementioned to have a similar problem which what Charles Graham addressed. Where the word females or the expression of different ethnicity is lacking in the government of Northern Territory.

Therefore, different proposals have been put forward regarding the circumstances of representation. Although up until 1920, the range of time in which Charles Graham was a senator, there was no action taken into account for the proposal given by the parliament. As has been mentioned in an online biographical dictionary that Charles Graham was a senate who sticks close to the matter of policy, precisely labour policy as the way how he worked on his political career.

Members from different senators bring the policy topic to the table. Although other figures brought the topic differently, it is known that policy is a major topic in the different parts of Australia's government, where Charles Graham has taken part in one of the policy movements in one of Australia's territories, Western Australia. Even though Charles Graham is a political figure in Western Australia. He also talks about the Commonwealth Bank. The mainland Commonwealth Territory is mentioned to be both Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory.

At the end of his career, it was seen that no further actions were taken toward the matter on which Charles Graham focused his political career on. Instead, further actions were taken after the passing of Senator Charles Graham in 1968. Where by the year 1975, the action/policy on the electoral senate between the Commonwealth and Australia is finally challenged across the different territories of Australia's various governments which includes: Western Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland.

The work of Charles Graham and his belief in the need for change in the policy of Western Australia and the need for change in the Commonwealth impacted Australia's current government. His work is shown to have created a foundation for the changes which is brought upon the policies in the Australian government after his passing

References

1867 births
1938 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate for Western Australia
Members of the Australian Senate
Politicians from Christchurch
Colony of New Zealand emigrants to colonial Australia
20th-century Australian politicians


Anthony Horace Gioia (born November 10, 1942) is an American businessman and statesman, who served as the 14th United States Ambassador to Malta from 2001 to 2004. A member of the Republican Party, Gioia previously served as the president of the Gioia Macaroni Company and as Chairman of the National Pasta Association.

Notes

External links
"Anthony H. Gioia" on U.S. Department of State website.
107th Congress (2001-2002): PN456 — Anthony Horace Gioia — Department of State

1941 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Malta
American people of Italian descent
Pasta industry
Businesspeople from Buffalo, New York
University at Buffalo alumni
Marshall School of Business alumni
New York (state) Republicans


Lost in a Garden of Clouds is a series of albums by Alpha. Part 1 was released in 2004 and Part 2 was released in 2006. Each album is a continuous mix of instrumental work from Alpha. Alpha's official website described it as "an endless journey from reality, pure art-house, a mix of song, spoken word and recurring themes."

Track listing

References

External links

Album series
Alpha (band) albums


Timeline of jazz education (a chronology of jazz pedagogy):  The initial jazz education movement in North American was much an outgrowth of the music education movement that had been in full swing since the 1920s. Chuck Suber (né Charles Harry Suber; 1921–2015), former editor of Down Beat, averred that the GI Bill following World War II was a key impetus for the jazz education movement in higher education.  During the WWII, the U.S. Armed Forces had been the nation's largest employer of musicians – including women musicians.  After the War, many of those musicians sought to pursue music as a career, and, with assistance of the GI Bill, found colleges offering curricular jazz.  Suber also pointed out that the rise of stage bands in schools was directly proportionate to the decline of big name bands.

Non-academic (non-curricular)

Social services for children

Scholastic, clinics, camps

Non-curricular collegiate

Academic (curricular)

Primary and secondary education in North America

Higher education outside of North America

Higher education in North America

Major music conservatories of North America
 (not affiliated with a university)

National associations

Selected jazz studies in higher education, North America

Notes and references

Notes

Further reading

Books, magazines, journals, dissertations, and websites

Newspapers

Jazz music education
Jazz education


Edward Cross (baptised 3 February 1774 – 26 September 1854) was an English zoo proprietor and dealer in animals.

Cross was born in London and baptised at St Andrew's, Holborn, presumably within days of his birth.  Apart from the names of his parents, Walter Cross and Jane (née Callow), his early life remains obscure.

Cross worked for Stephen Polito, the owner of the menagerie at Exeter Exchange in the Strand.  Cross's daughter married Polito's brother, and Cross bought the menagerie after Polito's death in 1814.  The menagerie had been operated at that site from 1773 in competition with the Royal Menagerie at the Tower of London with lions, tigers, monkeys, and other exotic species, all confined in iron cages in small rooms.  The menagerie was primarily a visitor attraction open to the general public.  It was visited by Wordsworth and Byron - who records watching the "tigers sup", being amused by a hyena's affection for its keeper, and the tricks played by an elephant with its trunk.  Animals in the collection were painted by Edwin Landseer and Jacques-Laurent Agasse.  It was also visited by scientists such as Joshua Brookes and J. E. Gray.  Gray named the Rhinoceros crossii in his honour (now as a synonym for the Sumatran rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).

Cross renamed the collection the Royal Grand National Menagerie, and employed a doorkeeper who was dressed as a Yeoman of the Guard. The living conditions for the animals were so poor that negative comments were made even in the early 19th century.  The situation became untenable after his bad-tempered elephant, Chunee, was put down by a firing squad of soldiers from Somerset House in March 1826.   Cross attempted to sell the collection to the new Zoological Society of London in 1826 and 1828, but the offer was refused on both occasions.

The Exeter Exchange was demolished in 1829, as part of general improvements to the Strand, and Cross moved the menagerie to the King's Mews near Trafalgar Square (now the site of the National Gallery).  Some of the animals were sold to the new London Zoo in Regent's Park.  In 1831, he sold the remaining animals to the Surrey Literary, Scientific and Zoological Institution – an institution that he had founded - for £3,500. Cross became superintendent of the new Surrey Zoological Gardens, and the animals were moved to Royal Surrey Gardens, in the grounds of Walworth Manor House in Kennington.  Many of the exotic animals were housed in a large circular domed glass conservatory,  in circumference with more than  of glass.  The collection expanded in the following years to include lions, tigers, an Indian rhinoceros, an orang-utan, and several giraffes.

Cross retired in 1844, and he died in Kennington in 1854.  His wife, Mary, predeceased him.

The zoo became run down after Cross retired, and the animals were sold off in 1856, to be replaced by Surrey Music Hall.

References

 J. C. Edwards, ‘Cross, Edward (bap. 1774, d. 1854)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 accessed 17 Oct 2008

1774 births
1854 deaths
People from Holborn
Zoo owners


China Investment Promotion Agency (CIPA, Chinese: 商务部投资促进事务局) is the investment promotion agency of PR China. It is in charge of inviting in (FDI in China) and going global  (outbound investment). Two-way investment promotion works in line with China's economic strategies and is engaged in cooperation with international economic organizations, foreign investment promotion agencies, chambers of commerce and business associations on behalf of the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC.

MOFCOM
CIPA is part of the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC.

Function
Organizing and implementing the foreign investment promotion strategy;
Guiding and involving in the Federation of Investment Promotion Agencies of China;
Guiding the work of investment promotion agencies of different areas.
Attending the conferences of the World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) on behalf of the Ministry of Commerce;
Engaging in cooperation and communications with the relevant international economic organizations, foreign investment promotion agencies, chambers of commerce and business associations;
Organizing and implementing activities of bilateral and multilateral investment promotion agencies.
Implementing the annual investment promotion programs of Ministry of Commerce;
Carrying out the detailed organizing work for China International Fair of Investment & Trade hosted by Ministry of Commerce;
Carrying out topic research related to investment;
Editing and printing publicized materials and relevant investment promotion publications;
Being in charge of the daily operation of the website of "Invest in China";
Offering relevant investment information for domestic and international enterprises;
Accepting and handling complaints from foreign investment enterprises of trans-provinces, trans-cities, trans-regions and trans-industries.
Planning and organizing large investment promotion activities at home and abroad, organizing relevant investment activities such as training, forum, conference and exhibition;
Operating website of "Invest in China", and implementing net connection with investment promotion agencies both at home and abroad, finance bodies and commerce bodies;
Carrying out business cooperation for commercialization and specialization of investment promotion;
Dealing with consultation, information service, market investigation, credit investigation related to investment activities and planning services on investment promotion;
Assisting foreign investment enterprises for relevant legal procedures.

Structure
 General Office of China International Fair for Investment and Trade (CIFIT)
 Investment Promotion Planning and Service Center
 Foreign Investment Cooperation Department
 Training Department
 Special Projects Development Department
 Liaison Department
 Information Consulting Department
 Conferences and Fairs Department
 Business Development Department
 Survey and Research Department
 Financial Department
 Administrative Department

Sub-national agencies

Anhui Provincial Foreign Investment Promotion Center (AIPC)
 Beijing International Investment Promotion Council
 Xiamen International Investment Promotion Center
 Chongqing Promotion and Service Center for Foreign Investment
 Dongguan Foreign Investment Promotion Center
 Fujian Foreign Investment Service Center
Guangzhou Municipal Board for International Investment
 Harbin Economic Cooperation and Promotion Bureau
 Jilin Provincial Foreign Investment Information Network
 Liaoning International Investment Promotion Center
 Ningbo Foreign Investment Promotion Center
 Shanghai Foreign Investment Development Board (FID)
 Shanghai Foreign Investment Service Center
 Shenzhen Municipal Foreign Investment Bureau

See also
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade

References

General Introduction to CIPA

Further reading
China Investment Promotion Agency (Cipa) Partners With Thomson Reuters

External links
Investment Promotion Agency official site
FDI.gov.cn
The Investment Association of China

Investment in China
Investment promotion agencies
Government agencies of China


Brookefield of the Berrys is a  historic house located at Croom, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story frame house begun about 1810 in the Federal style, and completed in 1840, in the Greek Revival style. The house was finished in 1840 by John Thomas Berry, a prominent plantation family in southern Prince George's County. Berry and his descendants lived at Brookefield from 1840 until 1976. This 19th-century farmstead is well represented by the complex of outbuildings surrounding the house.

Brookefield of the Berrys was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

References

External links
, including photo in 1986, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Houses completed in 1840
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Greek Revival houses in Maryland
Federal architecture in Maryland
Plantation houses in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
1840 establishments in Maryland


Eduard Spelterini (2 June 1852 – 16 June 1931) was a Swiss pioneer of ballooning and of aerial photography.

Early life

Spelterini was born in Bazenheid in the Toggenburg area in Switzerland as Eduard Schweizer. His father, Sigmund Schweizer, was an innkeeper. When he was eight years old, the family reportedly moved to northern Italy, to a place near the Swiss-Italian border in the province of Como. Eduard is said to have attended the schools in Lugano. At the age of eighteen, Eduard allegedly went first to Milan and then to Paris to be trained as an opera singer. During this time, he chose the name "Spelterini", because to him it sound fancier than "Schweizer". His singing career was cut short by a severe case of pneumonia.

In any case, Spelterini turned up in the mid-1870s in Paris, and in 1877 he was licensed by the Académie d'Aérostation météorologique de France as a balloon pilot.

Ascents around the world

In the 1880s, after having successfully made 17 ascents by himself, Spelterini began to offer commercial rides with passengers. In 1887, he had his first own balloon made by the Surcouf company in Paris, a gas balloon with a volume of 1,500 cubic meters, which he named "Urania". The first voyage with this balloon was on 5 October 1887, starting in Vienna. Subsequently, Spelterini moved to the United Kingdom, where he performed together with an American aerial acrobat going by the name of Leona Dare who would perform acrobatic acts suspended under the basket of Spelterini's balloon during the flights. The spectacle, but also Spelterini's often taking journalists for a ride for free ensured them favourable publicity. Together, they toured eastwards through Europe until Moscow, where they parted. Spelterini turned southwards, making ascents in Bucharest, Saloniki, and Athens, before moving to Cairo. After his ascents in spring 1890 over the pyramids of Giza he continued touring, first to Naples, then to Istanbul.

In 1891, Spelterini returned to Switzerland. By that time, he was famous for his ballooning adventures. On 26 July 1891 Spelterini made his first ascent in Switzerland, starting at the Heimplatz in Zurich. The initial skepticism of the people vanished quickly, and his starts soon attracted crowds wherever he turned up: Zurich, Winterthur, St. Gall, Interlaken, Vevey, ... His endeavours also caught the attention of scientists. On various occasions, Spelterini made ascents with scientists solely for the purpose of conducting experiments: with physicists to study the atmosphere, with physicians to study human blood cells at low atmospheric pressure, with geologists to study the earth from above.

Geologist Albert Heim had once proposed to Spelterini to try crossing the Alps by balloon. But he needed a larger balloon for such an endeavour. With the help of sponsors, he was able to buy the "Wega" with a volume of 3,260 cubic meters, twice as much as the volume of "Urania". With it, Heim and Spelterini planned to travel from Sion in the Valais across Uri into the Grisons. But the winds decided otherwise. Despite unfavourable wind conditions, they started on 3 October 1898. The winds drove the balloon across Les Diablerets and then further westwards, across Lake Neuchatel and the Jura Mountains, until they descended near Besançon in France. Much of the trip was made at altitudes between 5000 and 6000 meters above sea level.

In the following years, Spelterini crossed the Alps numerous times with his balloons, in all directions. In 1904, he spent several months in Egypt, and in 1911, he even travelled to South Africa, yet he returned each time to Switzerland.

Aerial photography

Around 1893, Spelterini had begun to take a camera aboard his balloon and started to take pictures on his flights. It was certainly not easy to photograph with this equipment, weighing between 40 and 60 kilograms, and with a minimum exposure time of 1/30th of a second. But Spelterini brought back stunning photographs of the landscape seen from above that won awards repeatedly at aeronautical expositions in Milan, Paris, Brussels, or Frankfurt. For Albert Heim his photos provided whole new insights about the relief of the Alps. Spelterini presented his photos in slide shows wherever he went, from Stockholm to Cape Town, fascinating his audiences and winning the general acclaim of the press, who reviewed his presentations favorably.

Decline of ballooning

The outbreak of World War I put an end to Spelterini's travels. Borders were closed, and Spelterini's balloons remained grounded. He retired as an independent gentleman to Coppet near Geneva with his wife Emma (née Karpf), whom he had married on 28 January 1914 in the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields in London. But although he was well off financially, his savings diminished in the war years, and what was left of it was eaten up by the post-war inflation. The airplane had surpassed ballooning, nobody cared anymore about his pre-war exploits, and Spelterini was all but forgotten. In 1922, he hired out as a showman at the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, posing for photos and taking people for short rides in a captive balloon. He detested it. Disappointed, he retired to Zipf near Vöcklabruck in Austria, where he had bought a small house and lived from the sale of the eggs of his 300 chickens. In 1926, he tried a last time to revive his old ballooning adventures. With the financial help of some friends, he started from Zurich in a rented balloon. But he fell unconscious during the voyage; his passengers just barely managed to crash-land the balloon in Vorarlberg. Spelterini returned to Zipf, where he died impoverished and largely unknown in 1931.

References

Further reading

Capus, A.: "Geschenke des Himmels", p. 36-50 in Das Magazin 38/2007. In German.
Degen, H.R.: "Eduard Spelterini (1852–1931)", p. 39-57 in Schweizer Flugtechniker und Ballonpioniere, Verein für wirtschaftshistorische Studien, Meilen. . In German.
Heim, A.: Die Fahrt der "Wega" über Alpen und Jura am 3. Oktober 1898, Verlag B. Schwabe, Basel 1899. In German.
Kramer, Th., Stadler, H. (eds.): Edurad Spelterini – Fotografien des Ballonpioniers, Scheidegger & Spiess, 2007. . In German & English.
Spelterini, E.: Über den Wolken/Par dessus les nuages, Brunner & Co, Zürich 1928, with an introduction by A. Heim. In German & French.

19th-century Swiss photographers
Aerial photographers
1852 births
1931 deaths
Aviation pioneers
People from Toggenburg
20th-century Swiss photographers
Swiss balloonists


George Garth (1733–1819) was a British General, a commander in the American Revolutionary War, and Colonel of the 17th Regiment of Foot.

Life
He was son of John Garth MP and Rebecca, the daughter of John Brompton and granddaughter of Sir Richard Raynsford, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

He joined the Army and served for 37 years in the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards.

Garth served as second-in-command to William Tryon, during the attack on New Haven, Connecticut, in the summer of 1779 when on 5 July his forces landed at West Haven, while those of Tryon landed at East Haven.

Dispatched to replace General Augustine Prevost at Savannah, Garth was taken prisoner on .

In 1789 he was promoted Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment and in 1792 transferred as Colonel to the 17th (Leicestershire) Regiment of Foot, which post he held to his death. He was promoted to the rank of General in 1810 and later became Lieutenant Governor of Placentia, Newfoundland.

He died in 1819 in Beverley, Yorkshire at the age of 86, and is buried in St. Mary's Church, Beverley.

Family
Brother; General Thomas Garth (1744–1829) chief equerry to King George III
Brother; Charles Garth MP (abt 1734–1784) Member of Parliament, Crown Agent for South Carolina in pre-Revolutionary War America

References

The Naval History of Great Britain from the Earliest Period William Goldsmith 1825 (page 630)
The Gentlemans Magazine 1830 (Page 85)
Notes and Queries 1862 (Page 372)
The Pictorial Field-book of the Revolution, 1851, Benson John Lossing, Page 422

1733 births
1819 deaths
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Grenadier Guards officers


Malcolm Brodie is the mayor of Richmond, the fourth-largest city in British Columbia.

A lawyer by profession, Brodie was elected to City Council in 1996 and again in 1999, as part of the centre-right Richmond Non-Partisan Association (RNPA). After the resignation of mayor Greg Halsey-Brandt, Brodie was elected mayor in a special by-election on 29 October 2001. He left his RNPA party, and now serves as an independent. Brodie was re-elected by large margins in 2002, 2005, 2008, 2014 and 2018  and 2022. He is the longest-serving mayor in Richmond's history, surpassing Rudy Grauer, who served from 1930 to 1949.

Experience
Brodie has played various roles in multiple organizations and committees, including Metro Vancouver Director since 2001, Chair of the Zero Waste Committee and Richmond's General Purposes Committee, and chair, vice-chair and trustee of the Municipal Finance Authority. He is also director of PRIMECorp, which manages police records in BC, and a member of the Utilities Committee, Transportation Committee, Finance Committee, Mayor's Committee, Intergovernmental Administration Committee, and RCMP Local Government Contract Management Committee. He served as Director Representative in the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority (TransLink) board from 2002 to 2007 and as chair in 2006.

A Richmond resident since 1977, Brodie has two adult children, Garrett and Stephanie, and three grandchildren, Kayla, Matthew, and Brodie.

Recognition
Brodie received the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002, Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012, and the Commemorative Medal at the 125th anniversary of the Confederation of Canada in 1992.

Electoral history

2022 Municipal mayoral election: Richmond City Council

2018 Municipal mayoral election: Richmond City Council

2014 Municipal mayoral election: Richmond City Council

References

Richmond, British Columbia city councillors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mayors of places in British Columbia
American emigrants to Canada


Burning Valley is a 1953 coming-of-age novel by the American writer Phillip Bonosky set in the steel valley of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during the 1920s. It was originally published in the Communist Party publication Masses and Mainstream. In 1998 it was reprinted as part of the series "The Radical Novel Reconsidered" by the University of Illinois Press.

The novel tells the story of Benedict Bulmanis, son of an immigrant Lithuanian steelworker, who feels called to the Roman Catholic priesthood, but is torn by local political events as steelworkers struggle to organize in the face of corporate expansion. Banks and millowners plan to clear land in the Monongahela River Valley for a new steel mill, but it means forcing workers from their homes. This expansion and technological upgrading will increase production but lay off thousands. The workers and homeless rebel, in an echo of the Steel strike of 1919, and young Benedict must choose sides.

References

1953 American novels
Novels about communism
Works originally published in American newspapers
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Fiction set in the 1920s
American bildungsromans
Proletarian literature
1953 debut novels


Essex Probate and Family Court is a Court Located on 36 Federal Street in Salem, Massachusetts in the County of Essex. The court deals in Probate and Family Law matters.

Justices
The Following Justices operate out of the Essex Probate & Family Court:

Honorable Jennifer Rivera-Ulwick, First Justice
Honorable Mary Anne Sahagian
Honorable Joan Armstrong
Honorable Randy Kaplan

Sources & Links
 Essex Probate & Family Court Official Website
 List of Probate Courts in Massachusetts

References

Government of Essex County, Massachusetts
Massachusetts state courts
Probate courts in the United States
Family courts
Courts and tribunals with year of establishment missing


Recuerdos del Alma (Eng.: Soul Memories) is the title of a studio album released by romantic music group Los Temerarios. This album became their seventh number-one set on the Billboard Top Latin Albums.

Track listing
The information from Billboard.

Personnel
This information from Allmusic.
Adolfo Ángel Alba — Producer
Ernesto Abrego — Keyboards, musical direction
Mayra Angelica Alba — Production coordination
Guadalupe Alfaro — Vihuela
Martin Arano — Percussion
Onesimo Arce — Guitar
Jose Luis Ayala — Drums
Lorenzo González de Gortari — Concert comedian
César Gómez — Flute
Bruce Weeden — Mastering, mixing
Eric Mora — Acoustic guitar
David Jiménez López — Assistant engineer
Gabriel Martínez — Engineer
Clay Perry — Pro Tools
Adriana Rebold — Graphic design
Adolfo Pérez Butrón — Photography
Steve Boxall — Photo assistance

Chart performance

Sales and certifications

References

2007 albums
Los Temerarios albums
Spanish-language albums
Fonovisa Records albums


Past:Present:Future is a two-part album series by Ch!pz. In the Netherlands, Part 1 was released on June 23, 2006, and Part 2 was released on November 17 of the same year. The first album spawned two singles, "Gangstertown" and "Waikiki Beach", of which "Gangstertown" peaked at #5 in the Dutch Top 40 and "Waikiki Beach" wasn't officially released on single, just shooting a music video for it. In November 2006, the first album was certified Gold in the Netherlands for sales over 35,000. The second album came with a Bonus DVD in some stores like Free Record Shop and Van Leest. The official first single, "One Day When I Grow Up", was released in September and charted in the Dutch Top 40 at #29, and moved up to #7 in its second, third and fourth week. The second single, the Christmas track "Christmas Time Is Here," debuted at #8 in the Dutch Top 40 and remained there for two weeks.

Part 1

Track listing
"Gangstertown" – 3:13
"Waikiki Beach" – 3:23
"High School Love" – 3:16
"A Little Bit" – 3:14
"Olympia" – 3:33
"Veni Vidi Vici" – 3:13

Singles

Year-end positions

Part 2

Track listing
Disc 1 (CD)
"Studio 54" – 3:28
"One Day When I Grow Up" – 3:17
"Mama" – 3:46
"1929" – 3:29
"Walking on the Moon" – 3:14
"Christmas Time Is Here" – 3:53

Disc 2 (DVD)
"Gangstertown" [Video]
"Waikiki Beach" [Video]
"One Day When I Grow Up" [Video]
The Making Of "Gangstertown" [Video]
Photo Gallery
Photo Gallery

Singles

Year-end positions

EP series
Ch!pz albums
2006 EPs


The Treaty of Nettuno was an agreement made between the governments of the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on July 20, 1925, which permitted Italians to freely immigrate into Yugoslavia's coastal region of Dalmatia. Its ratification in the Yugoslav parliament took three years, as opposition Croatian Peasant Party representatives were infuriated with the treaty, calling it colonization by Benito Mussolini.

Following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, a new ruling coalition under Anton Korošec managed to ratify the treaty by a single vote on August 13, 1928, a move that came too late to placate the Italians yet further outraged the Croats.

See also
 Rijeka
 Sušak, Rijeka
 Treaty of Rome (1924)

References

Sources

Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Treaties of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Treaties concluded in 1925
Italy–Yugoslavia relations
Treaties entered into force in 1928
Interwar-period treaties


Khirsain is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2406 living in 449 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Ladagada is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3081 living in 626 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Lamikhal is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3291 living in 661 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Lana Kedareshwar is a village development committee in Doti District in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3339 living in 586 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Doti District

Populated places in Doti District


Cavallo's multiplier was an early electrostatic influence machine, invented in 1795 by the Anglo-Italian natural philosopher Tiberius Cavallo. Its purpose was to multiply, or amplify, a small electric charge to a level where it was detectable by the insensitive electroscopes of the day. Repeated operation of the device could produce voltages high enough to generate sparks.

Description
Cavallo described his machine in his 1795 Treatise on Electricity. He had examined Bennet's charge doubler of 1787 and found it wanting in several regards, notably in its inconsistent operation and tendency to retain the charge from an earlier experiment. Cavallo resolved to build a better device. His machine consisted of four metal plates supported on a wooden board by posts, of which three were insulating and one conducting.

The charge to be multiplied was applied to the first of these (plate A), which stood on an insulating post. A moveable insulated metal plate (B) was brought close to A (though not permitted to touch it), and then grounded. The charge on A caused charge separation on B due to electrostatic induction. Plate B was then moved away, breaking its earth connection. Since B was insulated, it acquired and retained a small charge opposite in sign to the charge on A. Plate B was transferred by means of an insulating rod to be brought into electrical contact with the third metal plate C which was insulated. Since both B and C were conducting, B would transfer a portion of its charge to C. To maximise the transferred charge, C was placed in close proximity to a final metal plate D, which was earthed.

The experimenter would move Plate B repeatedly back and forth, placing it near to A and earthed at one end of its motion, and then into contact with C at the other. With each cycle, charge was drawn from the Earth and added to C. After a suitable number of cycles, the grounded plate D would be removed, and the electrostatic potential on C would rise to approximately the potential of A multiplied by the number of operations.

Cavallo termed his device a multiplier, though 'addition' was perhaps a more accurate description of its operation, as the charge on C was accumulated by successive additions.

Wilson's machine
Wilson's machine, described by its inventor in Nicholson's Journal in August 1804, was a development on this concept which simultaneously operated two Cavallo's multipliers by means of a pair of reciprocating levers. One side would accumulate the charge of the other, and since the two accumulating plates were connected together by means of a wire, Wilson's machine was a true multiplier, rather than an addition machine. The charge would thus accumulate more rapidly than Cavallo's multiplier and the machine could generate high voltages in a short period of time. It moreover was self-exciting, needing no initial charge to operate, as the small initial charge acquired from contact electrification was enough to start the accumulation process.

References

External links
Video of reproduction Wilson's machine

Historical scientific instruments


Miss South Africa 2009 was held on 13 December 2009 in Sun City, South Africa. The winner represented South Africa at Miss Universe 2010 and Miss World 2010. Twelve contestants competed for the crown. Nicole Flint was crowned by the outgoing titleholder, Tatum Keshwar from Durban.

Results
Color keys

Contestants

Crossover
First runner-up Matapa Maila competed in Miss Earth 2008 and did not place.

References

External links
Miss SA Official Website
 Miss South Africa Contestants

2009
South Africa
2009 in South Africa
December 2009 events in South Africa


Foote Station was a community in Mineral County, West Virginia. It was located on Horseshoe Run Road about one mile (1.6 km) from Georges Run Road. The farm house owned by Hampshire County, Virginia Delegate James Allen still stands at Foote Station. Before modern transportation was available, Foote Station was a stagecoach stop and also had a post office.

References

Ghost towns in West Virginia
Geography of Mineral County, West Virginia


Alfreda and Bolesław Pietraszek (both died 1 January 1965 in Jabłonna Lacka) were a Polish husband and wife who sheltered several Jewish families consisting of 18 people during the Nazi German occupation of Poland in World War II. They were posthumously bestowed the titles of Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in September 2007. The medals and a diploma were presented by the Israeli vice-ambassador in Poland, Yossef Levy, to their two surviving cousins, Zofia Panfil and Jolanta Okulicz-Kozaryn from Olsztyn. In his speech, Yossef Levy said. "We have the utmost respect for those who risked their lives to save Jews under the threat of death. The rescued will never forget the rescuers."

Alfreda was a well-educated woman, who spoke four languages including German, which was very helpful during the war, when she had to prevent the Nazi Germans from searching through their property. Her husband was raised with a patriotic spirit; his father participated in the January Uprising at the age of 17, and his brother Marian died as a volunteer in the Polish-Soviet War. Their birthdates are unknown, it has only been established that they were married in 1920. According to the testimony of their relative, Jolanta Okulicz-Kozaryn, their decision to hide the Jews was a conscious one. During the war, Alfreda and Bolesław Pietraszek, a childless couple — both 60 years old — lived on a farm in Ceranów village (pictured) in Sokołów County in east-central Poland. For two years, around their farm, they harbored several Jewish families consisting of 18 people: hiding in their barn, in their basements, and in pig pens.

Collective rescue
To feed the people they sheltered, Alfreda and Bolesław Pietraszek relied on assistance from their neighbors and other inhabitants of the village. The rescuers and the rescued were never betrayed, and only one person did not survive — a child — smothered by his own mother with a pillow in order to stop the crying when the German patrol was in the house.
"Even now, I can't quite believe this was a true story regardless of how well documented it is" — said Grażyna Panfil-Rogińska, daughter of Zofia Panfil, remembering the telephone call from the elated Bencion Sela from Israel — "he was so moved. Until today, over his own bed he has a portrait of his savior. He sent it to me via email" — she said. Rogińska received a call also from Szaul Kopyto living in Washington, who confessed that he kept silent for years only because he needed to forget the experience.

The Jews, harbored by Pietraszek couple between 1941–1943 managed to escape from the ghetto in nearby Sokołów Podlaski, a home to a large population of Jews before the invasion. The ghetto was eventually liquidated by the Nazis with all its inhabitants sent to Treblinka extermination camp. Among those rescued was the whole family of Bencian Sela (his name also spelled as Ben Cjon Sela) including his grandparents. Sela's family, after the war, wanted to present the Pietraszeks with gold and other valuables, but the Poles refused saying that the Selas would need it more.

After the war, the Pietraszeks lost most of their 100-hectare farm to an agrarian reform in the new communist Poland. The couple was eventually forced to leave the village after being subjected to over two dozen assaults and robberies. Local thieves, aware that the couple had sheltered Jews on their property, believed that there were Jewish valuables there, unaware that Pietraszeks refused any financial help from the rescued. Bolesław Pietraszek was injured by a hand grenade in one of the assaults. They both died in abject poverty in 1965.

The ceremony at which the Yad Vashem titles were granted to Alfreda and Bolesław Pietraszek took place during the inauguration of the Festival of the Jewish Culture in Olsztyn, popularized by Gazeta Wyborcza and other Polish media.

References

External links
Alfreda and Bolesław Pietraszek – their activity to save Jews' lives during the Holocaust, at Yad Vashem website
Ceranów, the town, official webpage
Map of the area via mapa.szukacz.pl

Polish Righteous Among the Nations
1965 deaths
Married couples
Year of birth unknown


Gia sena (Greek: Για σένα; English: For you) is the third studio album by Greek musician Sakis Rouvas, released in October 1993 in Greece and Cyprus by PolyGram Records Greece.

Track listing

Singles
"Kane me"
"Kane me" was the first single from the album. The video was directed by Rouvas' manager Elias Psinakis and his brother Giorgos in collaboration with View Studio. The video is shot half in color and half in black and white; it features Rouvas in militaristic clothing dancing onstage and getting ready to perform.
"To ksero eisai moni"
The second single from the album was "To ksero eisai moni", a romantic ballad. The music video was directed by the Psinakis brothers in collaboration with View Studio and features Rouvas in his home where he is upset when reminiscing about a former lover. He is seen playing with his dalmatian, playing the piano, and writing and destroying letters.
"Ksehase to"
The last single from the album was "Ksehase to". The music video was once again directed by the Psinakis brothers in collaboration with View Studio. It features Rouvas and a model within a photo frame in front of a colorful background. The two continuously appear in different conceptual outfits and have a difficult time getting along with each other.

Release history

Music videos
"Kane me" ("") (Directed by Giorgos and Ilias Psinakis)
"To ksero eisai moni" ("") (Directed by Giorgos and Ilias Psinakis)
"Ksehase to" ("") (Directed by Giorgos and Ilias Psinakis)

References

External links
 Sakis Rouvas' official site

1993 albums
Greek-language albums
Sakis Rouvas albums
Universal Music Greece albums


Pure Coolness () is a 2007 film by Kyrgyz director Ernest Abdyjaparov. It won the NETPAC award at the 2007 Asiatica Film Mediale "for a film which with its own gentle touches of originality and humour, [and] is beautiful, surprising and uplifting".

Plot
The film is about the traditional custom of Ala kachuu – "bride stealing". The film addresses the question of whether the practice can be defended in this day and age, even if the couple end up living "happily ever after". The tale that it tells explores a variety of themes, including family loyalty, deception, betrayal and love.

Asema (played by Asem Toktobekova) is a city girl who is dating a boy, Murat, from a small village. She announces to her parents that she is going with her boyfriend to his village to meet his family. Her mother pleads with her not to go, informing her that bride kidnapping still occurs in the country side. While there, and after trying to go back home after she catches her boyfriend with an old flame, she becomes a victim of mistaken identity. She is kidnapped to be the bride of Sagyn, the village shepherd, instead of a local orphan that has been chosen for him by his relatives.

Award nominations
 Eastern European Film Festival, Cottbus, Germany – nominated for Grand Prize 2007
 Nika Awards 2007 – nominated for Best Film from the CIS and Baltic States.

Popularity
According to the film's director, the movie was so popular in Kyrgyzstan that in 2007, 20% of newborn girls were named Asema, after the film's main character.

See also
Kidnapping, Caucasian style

References

External links

Gerald McCausland. KinoKultura, Ernest Abdyjaparov: Pure Coolness (Boz salkyn, 2007).

2007 films
2007 drama films
Films set in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstani drama films
Kyrgyz-language films


A wish list, wishlist or want list is an itemization of goods or services that a person or organization desires. The author may distribute copies of their list to family, friends, and other stakeholders who are likely to purchase gifts for the would-be recipient or to offer some of the listed items for sale. The goal of a wish list is to facilitate communication between the gift receiver and the gift giver. Wish lists often contain items that a gift purchaser can obtain from a variety of retailers.  Some wish lists are specialized for particular purposes or concentrated at individual retailers, such as gift registries (e.g., bridal registries).

Occasions
In some cultures, people often exchange wish lists before major holidays that include gift-giving, such as Christmas and birthdays. Other common occasions for issuing wish lists include baby showers, housewarmings, weddings, and charity drives.

Types

 A gift registry is a type of wish list that contains only items that can be purchased at the store which manages the registry.
 An online wish list is a type of wish list that is hosted on the Internet. Online wish lists can be associated with a retailer or universal.
 A product wish list is similar to a list of functional requirements. The difference is mainly the importance of the requested functionality. Items that might be on the wish list at one time may be expected to be requirements later.
 A software user wishlist is a type of wish list that is created by the software manufacturer (such as the software development company or the website owner) or by user groups.
 A bucket list is a type of personal wish list consisting of things a person wishes to do before they die (i.e. "kick the bucket") or before they reach a life stage milestone (e.g., the end of childhood; the end of High School, etc.)

Online
An online wish list typically allows a registered user to create a wish list, add wishes to it, and then spread a link to the wish list via email or social media like Facebook and Twitter. Visitors to the published wish list can in most cases comment wishes and reserve them. This adds a collaborative perspective among the viewers that would be much harder to achieve for analog wish lists. Online wish lists on retailer websites allow you to save items you prefer from that retailer's site for future reference. Universal online wish lists allow you to add items from multiple retailers and even non-retail ideas.

Software users
Software user wish lists are a compilation of user suggestions for requested features. Many enterprise websites and software packages offer users the option to add a "wish" – a suggestion for improvement or change – and to vote on the importance of suggestions supplied by the publisher or author of the website or software, and they attempt to give a quick response to the suggestions.  For example, Microsoft Visual Studio has a "community" menu, and Facebook has a "suggestions" section.

In many cases, when a company fails to supply such a framework, users create their own lists, in Internet forums or in blogs. When such a list becomes popular, the company must respond to common requests.

Having software user wish lists has become popular since 2007 when a football gaming community FIFPlay started collecting fans wishlist for Electronic Arts for pre-development of FIFA (video game series) and it has collected over 10,000 ideas and suggestions for FIFA 08.

See also
  100 Things to Do Before High School – television series

External links

Giving
Software features
Philatelic terminology