Glen Campbell Plays 12 String Guitar contains instrumental-only songs, the majority of which were taken from The Swinging 12 String originally released by The In Group featuring Glen Campbell on twelve string guitar and Leon Russell on harpsichord.

Track listing
Side 1:

 "Cottonfields" (Folkways BMI) - 2:30
 "The Man With The Golden Gun" (Bond) - 2:25
 "Walk Right In" (Cannon, Woods) - 2:17
 "Gospel Harp" (Bond) - 2:07
 "Country Shindig" (Public Domain arr. Davon Music BMI) - 2:30

Side 2:

 "Greenback Dollar" (Axton, Ramsey) - 2:00
 "If I Had a Hammer" (Lee Hays, Pete Seeger) - 2:50
 "Cherry Beat" (Bond) - 2:35
 "Greenfields" (Terry Gilkyson, Richard Dehr, Frank Miller) - 2:20
 "Shindig Hoot" (Public Domain arr. Davon Music BMI) - 2:17

References

1960s compilation albums
Glen Campbell compilation albums
1966 albums


3-MCPD (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol or 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol) is an organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2Cl.  It is a colorless liquid.  It is a versatile multifunctional building block.  The compound has attracted attention as the most common member of chemical food contaminants known as chloropropanols.  It is suspected to be carcinogenic in humans.

It is produced in foods treated at high temperatures with hydrochloric acid to speed up protein hydrolysis. As a byproduct of this process, chloride can react with the glycerol backbone of lipids to produce 3-MCPD.  3-MCPD can also occur in foods that have been in contact with materials containing epichlorohydrin-based wet-strength resins which are used in the production of some tea bags and sausage casings.

In 2009, 3-MCPD was found in some East Asian and Southeast Asian sauces such as oyster sauce, Hoisin sauce, and soy sauce. Using hydrochloric acid is far faster than traditional slow fermentation. A 2013 European Food Safety Authority report indicated margarine, vegetable oils (excluding walnut oil), preserved meats, bread, and fine bakery wares as major sources in Europe.

3-MCPD can also be found in many paper products treated with polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin wet-strength resins.

Absorption and toxicity
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 3-MCPD as Group 2B, "possibly carcinogenic to humans". 3-MCPD is carcinogenic in rodents via a non-genotoxic mechanism.  It is able to cross the blood-testis barrier and blood–brain barrier.  The oral  of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol is 152 mg/kg bodyweight in rats.

3-MCPD also has male antifertility effects  and can be used as a rat chemosterilant.

Legal limits
The joint Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) set a limit for 3-MCPD in soy sauce of 0.02 mg/kg, in line with European Commission standards which came into force in the EU in April 2002.

History
In 2000, a survey of soy sauces and similar products available in the UK was carried out by the Joint Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food/Department of Health Food Safety and Standards Group (JFSSG) and reported more than half of the samples collected from retail outlets contained various levels of 3-MCPD.

In 2001, the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency (FSA) found in tests of various oyster sauces and soy sauces that 22% of samples contained 3-MCPD at levels considerably higher than those deemed safe by the European Union. About two-thirds of these samples also contained a second chloropropanol called 1,3-dichloropropane-2-ol (1,3-DCP) which experts advise should not be present at any levels in food.  Both chemicals have the potential to cause cancer and the Agency recommended that the affected products be withdrawn from shelves and avoided.

In 2001, the FSA and Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) singled out brands and products imported from Thailand, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.  Brands named in the British warning include Golden Mountain, King Imperial, Pearl River Bridge, Golden Mark, Kimlan, Golden Swan, Sinsin, Tung Chun, and Wanjasham soy sauce.  Knorr soy sauce was also implicated, as well as Uni-President Enterprises Corporation creamy soy sauce from Taiwan, Silver Swan soy sauce from the Philippines, Ta Tun soy bean sauce from Taiwan, Tau Vi Yeu seasoning sauce and Soya bean sauce from Vietnam, Zu Miao Fo Shan soy superior sauce and Mushroom soy sauce from China and Golden Mountain and Lee Kum Kee chicken marinade.
Between 2002 and 2004, relatively high levels of 3-MCPD and other chloropropanols were found in soy sauce and other foods in China.

In 2007, in Vietnam, 3-MCPD was found in toxic levels.  In 2004, the HCM City Institute of Hygiene and Public Health found 33 of 41 sample of soy sauce with high rates of 3-MCPD, including six samples with up to 11,000 to 18,000 times more 3-MPCD than permitted, an increase over 23 to 5,644 times in 2001, The newspaper Thanh Nien Daily commented, "Health agencies have known that Vietnamese soy sauce, the country's second most popular sauce after fish sauce, has been chock full of cancer agents since at least 2001."

In March 2008, in Australia, "carcinogens" were found in soy sauces, and Australians were advised to avoid soy sauce.

In November 2008, Britain's Food Standards Agency reported a wide range of household name food products from sliced bread to crackers, beefburgers and cheese with 3-MCPD above safe limits.  Relatively high levels of the chemical were found in popular brands such as Mother's Pride, Jacobs crackers, John West, Kraft Dairylea and McVitie's Krackawheat.  The same study also found relatively high levels in a range of supermarket own-brands, including Tesco char-grilled beefburgers, Sainsbury's Hot 'n Spicy Chicken Drumsticks and digestive biscuits from Asda. The highest levels of 3-MCPD found in a non- soy sauce product, crackers, was 134 μg per kg. The highest level of 3-MCPD found in soy sauce was 93,000 μg per kg, 700 times higher. The legal limit for 3-MCPD coming in next year will be 20 μg per kg, but the safety guideline on daily intake is 120 μg for a 60 kg person per day.

In 2016, the occurrence of 3-MCPD in selected paper products (coffee filters, tea bags, disposable paper hot beverage cups, milk paperboard containers, paper towels) sold on the Canadian and German market was reported and the transfer of 3-MCPD from those products to beverages was investigated. Exposure to 3-MCPD from packaging material would likely constitute only a small percentage of overall dietary exposure when compared to the intake of processed oils/fats containing 3-MCPD equivalent (in form of fatty acid esters) which are often present at levels of about 0.2-2 μg/g.

References

External links

Chloropropanols (WHO Food Additive Series 32)

Vicinal diols
IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Organochlorides
Spermatotoxicants
Halohydrins


The Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia is a non-profit hospital located in North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The hospital is a part of the Einstein Healthcare Network. The medical center offers residency and fellowship training programs in many specialized areas. It also includes a Level I Regional Resource Trauma Center and a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia is the largest independent teaching hospital in the Philadelphia region with over 30 accredited programs training over 3,500 students each year with 400 residents.

History
Founded as the Jewish Hospital for the Aged, Infirmed and Destitute (Jewish Hospital for short) in August 1864, this hospital was an important institution in the history of the Jews in Philadelphia, providing care for "the suffering poor of all religions". It officially opened in 1866, starting with 22 beds at 56th and Haverford Road in West Philadelphia. The hospital expanded, moving to Old York Road in 1873, and opening various homes and clinics. By the 20th century, Jewish-sponsored hospitals such as the Jewish Hospital became havens for Jewish doctors who could not admit their patients to other hospitals because of anti-Semitism.

In 1951, the hospital was named for Albert Einstein after the volunteer president of Mount Sinai wrote a letter asking Einstein for permission to use his name. Einstein granted his permission. In 1952, the Jewish Hospital merged with Northern Liberties Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital to form a single medical center.

Einstein Medical Center discouraged nurses from joining unions. From 2014 to 2017 the hospital spent "$1.1 million on union avoidance". Nurses voted to unionize with the PASNAP in 2016.

Synagogue
The Henry S. Frank Memorial Synagogue, on the hospital grounds, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is a copy of the ancient synagogue at Kfar Bar'am, Israel.

References

External links

 Einstein Medical Center locations
 Map of Einstein's Main Campus

Hospital buildings completed in 1866
Hospital buildings completed in 1873
Hospitals in Philadelphia
1864 establishments in Pennsylvania
Jewish medical organizations
Hospitals established in 1864
Hospitals established in 1866
Trauma centers


Bed bug or bed bugs may refer to:

 Bed bug within the living environment and their health effects
 Cimex, a genus of small nocturnal insect of which members cause bed bug infestations

Culture
 Bedbugs (album), a 1993 album by the band  Odds
 "Bedbugs and Ballyhoo", a single by Echo & the Bunnymen that was released in 1987
 The Bedbug, play by Vladimir Mayakovsky

Place
 Ione, California, formerly called "Bedbug" and "Bed Bug"


Gamnangtar is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2925 living in 535 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Harkapur is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 2499 living in 504 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


This article details the fixtures and results of the Indonesia national football team.

Record

Managers of 2009

Goals

Fixtures and results

References

 Indonesia Fixtures and Results

2009
2008–09 in Indonesian football
2009–10 in Indonesian football
Indonesia

ar:منتخب إندونيسيا لكرة القدم
de:Indonesische Fußballnationalmannschaft
es:Selección de fútbol de Indonesia
fr:Équipe d'Indonésie de football
he:נבחרת אינדונזיה בכדורגל
id:Tim nasional sepak bola Indonesia
it:Nazionale di calcio dell'Indonesia
ja:サッカーインドネシア代表
ko:인도네시아 축구 국가대표팀
lt:Indonezijos vyrų futbolo rinktinė
lv:Indonēzijas futbola izlase
mr:इंडोनेशिया फुटबॉल संघ
ms:Pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan Indonesia
nl:Indonesisch voetbalelftal
pl:Reprezentacja Indonezji w piłce nożnej
pt:Seleção Indonésia de Futebol
ru:Сборная Индонезии по футболу
sv:Indonesiens fotbollslandslag
th:ฟุตบอลทีมชาติอินโดนีเซีย
tr:Endonezya Millî Futbol Takımı
vi:Đội tuyển bóng đá quốc gia Indonesia
zh:印尼國家足球隊


Charles John Klyberg (29 July 1931 – 16 January 2020) was a British Roman Catholic priest and former Anglican bishop. From 1985 to 1996, he was the Bishop of Fulham in the Church of England.

Early life and education
Klyberg was born on 29 July 1931. He was educated at Eastbourne College, a private school in Eastbourne, Sussex. He trained for ordination at Lincoln Theological College, a Church of England theological college.

Klyberg served in the British Army to satisfy the required National Service. On 19 December 1953, he was commissioned into the Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) as a second lieutenant. On 16 May 1955, he transferred to the Territorial Army as a second lieutenant with seniority in that rank from 19 December 1953; this ended his full-time military service and began the required part-time period of service. On 21 August 1955, he was promoted to lieutenant. On 23 October 1958, he transferred to the Territorial Army Reserve of Officers; this ended his military service and began his call up liability. He resigned his commission on 9 July 1960, and this ended his call up liability.

Ordained ministry

Church of England
He began his ordained ministry with a curacy at St John's, East Dulwich – after which he was the rector of Fort Jameson in Zambia. Following this he was the vicar of Christ Church and St Stephen, Battersea. Later he became the Dean of Lusaka before ordination to the episcopate. He was also the Archdeacon of Charing Cross. An opponent of women priests, he was a Guardian of the Anglican Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham from 1991 to 1997.

Roman Catholic Church
In 1996, after retiring from Anglican ministry, Klyberg was received into the Roman Catholic Church. He was ordained a Catholic priest in December 1996. He was later made a Prelate of Honour by Pope John Paul II.

Personal life
In 1994, the gay rights campaign group OutRage! named Klyberg as one of ten closeted homosexual bishops in the Church of England.

Klyberg died on 16 January 2020, aged 88. His Funeral Mass was held on 29 January with Bishop Nicholas Hudson presiding. He was cremated.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
People educated at Eastbourne College
Church of England deans
Bishops of Fulham
20th-century Church of England bishops
20th-century English Roman Catholic priests
21st-century English Roman Catholic priests
Anglican bishop converts to Roman Catholicism
Anglo-Catholic bishops
Alumni of Lincoln Theological College
English Anglo-Catholics
Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) officers


Neferubity () was an ancient Egyptian princess of the 18th Dynasty. She was the daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose I and Ahmose, the sister of Hatshepsut and the half-sister of Thutmose II, Wadjmose and Amenmose.

Her name means "Beauties of Lower Egypt" through the hieroglyphs "nefer", meaning "beauty", and "bity", meaning "Lower Egypt".

She is depicted with her parents Thutmose I and Ahmose in Hatshepsut's Deir el-Bahari mortuary temple, then vanishes. It is assumed that she died young, with her only depiction having a "sidelock of youth".

Sources

Princesses of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
16th-century BC Egyptian women
15th-century BC Egyptian women
Children of Thutmose I


Bug-eye glasses are a form of eyewear. They were popular in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and were used for regular glasses and sunglasses. They first became popular in the mid-1970s, and succeeded the cat eye glasses of the 1950s and 1960s.

Bug-eye glasses are distinguished by the size of their lens, being large enough to cover the entire eye. They were often tinted. In the 1970s, they were more of a square shape, and then later evolved into the more characteristic, larger, rounder and more familiar bug-eyed style of the 1980s. Their popularity began to decline later, as glasses became easier to get and more affordable.

Bug-eye sunglasses lenses are larger than regular eyeglasses, and today's oversize-framed eyeglasses have inherited the look and feel of bug-eye eyewear, gradually incorporating modern, trendy design concepts to enhance the wearer's personalized look and protect them from UV rays.

They were fashionable for men and women; the sunglasses form remains fashionable today, while the traditional glasses are now associated mainly with the elderly. They were followed by the thick-rimmed, rectangular styled glasses of the 2000s. Notable wearers are Audrey Hepburn, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Paris Hilton, Nicole Richie, Sophia Loren and Victoria Beckham.

References

1970s fashion
1980s fashion
1990s fashion
Glasses
Sunglasses


Uncial 0114 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 53 (von Soden); is a Greek–Coptic diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 8th-century.

Description

The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of John, 20:4-6,8-10, on one very large parchment leaf. The size of the page is rather unusual. It is about 39 cm by 30 cm. The text is written in two columns per page, 32 lines per page, in uncial letters. It was classified as an uncial codex, but, according to the opinion of modern scholars, it is a lectionary. It is classified on Aland's List of New Testament lectionaries as ℓ 965.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II. This means it has some alien readings.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 8th-century.

The codex now is located at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Copt. 129,10, fol. 198), in Paris.

See also

 List of New Testament uncials
 List of New Testament lectionaries
 Coptic versions of the Bible
 Textual criticism
 Uncial 0127
 Uncial 0128

References

Further reading

 E. Amélineau, "Notice des manuscrits coptes de la Bibliothèque nationale renfermant des textes bilingues du Nouveau Testament. Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale et autres bibliothèques", tome XXXIV, 2e partie NEMBM 34/2 (Paris: 1895), pp. 407–408.

Uncial 0114
Uncial 0114
Lectionary 965
Uncial 0114
Bibliothèque nationale de France collections


Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, also called TRAP sequence, TRAPS, or acardiac twinning, is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It is a severe variant of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). In addition to the twins' blood systems being connected instead of independent, one twin, called the acardiac twin, TRAP fetus or acardius, is severely malformed. The heart is missing or deformed, hence the name "acardiac", as are the upper structures of the body. The legs may be partially present or missing, and internal structures of the torso are often poorly formed. The other twin is usually normal in appearance. The normal twin, called the pump twin, drives blood through both fetuses. It is called "reversed arterial perfusion" because in the acardiac twin the blood flows in a reversed direction.

TRAP sequence occurs in 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies and 1 in 35,000 pregnancies overall.

Acardiac twin

The acardiac twin is a parasitic twin that fails to properly develop a heart, and therefore generally does not develop the upper structures of the body. The parasitic twin, little more than a torso with or without legs, receives its blood supply from the host twin by means of an umbilical cord-like structure (which often only has 2 blood vessels, instead of 3), much like a fetus in fetu, except the acardiac twin is outside the host twin's body. Although the reason is not fully understood, it is apparent that deoxygenated blood from the pump twin is perfused to the acardiac twin. The acardiac twin grows along with the pump twin, but due to inadequate oxygenation it is unable to develop the structures necessary for life, and presents with dramatic deformities.

Although no two acardiac twins are alike, twins with this disorder are grouped into 4 classes: Acephalus, anceps, acormus, and amorphus.

 Acephalus – The most common type, lacking a head, though it may have arms. Thoracic organs are generally absent, and disorganized & unidentifiable tissues take their place.
 Anceps – The acardius has most body parts, including a head with face and incomplete brain. Organs, though present, are crudely formed.
 Acormus – This type has no body, only a head without a neck; the umbilical cord is attached to the head.
 Amorphus – This extreme form not only lacks a head and limbs, but may or may not lack any internal organs, and consists of tissue with vessels branching from the umbilical cord.
The acardiac amorphus twin might also have no heart at all and will consist of tissue, and the vessels would be from the umbilical cord. Some are a tumor only, and are attached to the umbilical cord without vessels from the umbilical cord which the tumor then dies away.

Pump twin
Generally the pump twin is structurally normal, although it is smaller than normal. Due to related problems including the rapid growth of the acardiac twin, polyhydramnios, umbilical cord entanglement and congestive heart failure due to high output, there is a high mortality rate for the pump twin if left untreated. The rate of fatality depends on the relative size of the acardiac twin. If the abnormal twin is greater than 50% of the size of the pump twin, the survival rate for the pump twin is only 10%.

Diagnosis
TRAP sequence can be diagnosed using obstetric ultrasound. Doppler interrogation will confirm that blood flow in the acardiac twin is in the reverse direction, entering via the umbilical cord artery and exiting through the vein.

Treatment
If left untreated, the pump twin will die in 50–75% of cases.

After diagnosis, ultrasound and amniocentesis are used to rule out genetic abnormalities in the pump twin. A procedure may then be performed which will stop the abnormal blood flow. The acardiac twin may be selectively removed. The umbilical cord of the acardiac twin may be surgically cut, separating it from the pump twin, a procedure called fetoscopic cord occlusion. Or a radiofrequency ablation needle may be used to coagulate the blood in the acardiac twin's umbilical cord. This last procedure is the least invasive. These procedures greatly increase the survival chances of the pump twin, to about 80%.

The pump twin will be monitored for signs of heart failure with echocardiograms. If the pump twin's condition deteriorates, the obstetrician may recommend early delivery. Otherwise, the pregnancy continues normally. Vaginal birth is possible unless the fetus is in distress, although it is recommended that the delivery take place at a hospital with NICU capabilities.

References

External links
thefetus.net
gfmer.ch

Parasitic twin


Walter Harold Bishop, Ph.D. is a fictional character on the Fox television series Fringe. He is portrayed by John Noble. Noble also plays Walter's counterpart in the show's parallel universe, who is referred to in the show as Walternate.

Arc
Walter Bishop is the son of former allied spy, Doctor Robert Bischoff (Aug. 21, 1912 - Dec. 11, 1944) (Anglicized to Bishop following World War II). His father, a scientific pioneer at the University of Berlin, conducted espionage for the Allies within the Nazi government, sabotaged German research and smuggled scientific information to the Americans. Walter grew up with a love for science, and by the 1970s, became a head developer for a U.S. Government experimental research program called "Kelvin Genetics", alongside his long-time friend William Bell. He married Elizabeth Bishop in an undisclosed year, and their son, Peter Bishop was born in 1978.

Walter and his friend William Bell conducted numerous experiments in the area of fringe science, including developing highly advanced weapons for the Army. At some point during the 1970s, Walter and Bell discovered the existence of another universe, through the heightened use of LSD, among other drugs.  They constructed a "trans-dimensional window", a portal through which could view the other universe, which was more technologically advanced than our own (in "Peter", the Other Side appears to have already created digital cell phones by the year 1985).  They began copying the advanced technologies they saw over there, and sold them to the Army to benefit this world.  They spent much time sending objects over to the Other Side, including Bell's car, and discovered that the "multiverse" requires balance.  If a car goes over to the Other Side, then a car of the same mass must be sent into our universe.

In 1985, the now seven-year-old Peter contracted a rare and savage disease.  Walter attempted numerous methods to cure him, ranging from trying to build a time machine to bring a researcher who specialized in these cases from the 1930s to the present, to watching his alternate self, dubbed "Walternate", work with advanced medicine to cure his own Peter in the alternate universe, who was also ill.  But Walter could not save his son, and he died in his arms. Following the funeral, which Bell never attended, Walter became consumed with watching Walternate work to save the other Peter.  Through the trans-dimensional window, Walter discovered that Walternate had formulated the correct cure for his son, but did not notice as he was distracted by The Observer known as September.  Knowing that Walternate would not be able to cure the other Peter, Walter created the correct compound and built a doorway into the other universe, with the intentions of curing Peter there, and then returning home.

Nina Sharp, discovering Walter's intentions and their universally-destructive repercussions, went to stop Walter from opening the wormhole on Reiden Lake (the water from the lake would absorb any excess energy the doorway released). In the ensuing struggle, Walter managed to get through the wormhole, but Nina's arm was caught in-between both universes, and she needed to have a cybernetic arm put in its place.  On the journey to the Other Side, the vial holding the cure was destroyed, forcing Walter to kidnap Peter, cure him back in our universe, and then return him.  On the way back, they fell through an icy lake, but were rescued by September, who warned Walter that Peter could never return to the alternate universe.  After he cured Peter, he and Elizabeth could not find themselves able to send Peter back, so they decided to raise him as their own.

In 1991, Walter's lab assistant, Dr. Carla Warren, was killed in a fire, and Walter was charged with manslaughter, but was deemed mentally unfit to be tried, so he was locked away inside the St. Claire's Mental Institution. Walter would spend 17 years inside St. Claire's, and was never visited by Peter.  Bell, under the alias of Dr. Simon Paris, performed several brain surgeries on Walter, extracting pieces of Walter's brain tissue, which contained the memories of how he crossed universes, per the request of Walter himself, who was frightened of what he was becoming.  With the pieces of his brain gone, Walter's mental stability was compromised, and he was driven insane.

In the beginning of the first season, Olivia Dunham blackmailed the adult Peter Bishop to release his father from St. Claire's, in hopes of curing her lover, John Scott.  Peter became Walter's legal guardian.  After they saved John (who was thought to be a traitor, but later revealed to be an undercover NSA agent), Olivia requested that Walter and Peter remain in Boston, to which Peter reluctantly agreed.

In episode 1x04, "The Arrival", September returned and asked Walter to hide a mysterious cylinder for him.  Peter became fed up with his father and decided to leave Boston, but was kidnapped by a man who wanted the cylinder for himself.  September encountered Peter, and appeared to read his mind, making Peter realize "The Pattern" was far more than just plain coincidence.  He also began to see that Walter was not as insane as he originally thought, and a father-son relationship started to blossom.  And, Walter and Peter became civilian consultants to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, under the supervision of Phillip Broyles.

During the episode, "Safe", Mitchell Loeb and a team of bank robbers used a vibrational dematerializing device to steal components from safety deposit boxes around the country.  The science team realized the safe belonged to Walter, and the components were all pieces of the machine he constructed in 1985 as his original plan to save Peter, but was eventually scrapped, which could "bring anybody from any time or anywhere".  Loeb used the device to rescue David Robert Jones from a German prison, and Jones became ill with radiation poisoning soon after.

The organization Jones worked for, called "Zerstörung durch Fortschritte der Technologie" (ZFT), or, in English, "Destruction through advances in technology", was based on a self-published, anonymous manifesto under the same title.  Walter discovered that the ZFT manifesto was written in his very lab, by William Bell, years ago, after they discovered the alternate universe.  In episode 1x20, "There's More Than One of Everything", Walter reveals the existence of the Other Side to Peter, without telling him he was in fact from there.  Walter and Peter helped Olivia and Fringe Division stop Jones from crossing over to the Other Side to kill William Bell, and carried on with their lives, now happy as father-and-son.

A subplot in the first season was Walter and Bell's experiments with a nootropic drug called "Cortexiphan", which they used on children.  Olivia was among the children who were treated with it, and was able to see into the Other Side because of it.  But, this left her emotionally scarred, and she is always defensive when it is brought up.

In the season two premiere, "A New Day in the Old Town", Walter and Peter learned that Olivia had returned to our side after visiting William Bell in the other universe, but, her return voyage left her gravely wounded and comatose.  Walter seemed to be greatly affected by this, as he had begun to look to Olivia like his own daughter.  Thankfully, she regained consciousness, and Walter learned that the person who tried to kill her was a shape-shifting assassin from the Other Side.

By now, Fringe Division is aware of the alternate universe, and just as the ZFT manifesto predicted, they had intentions to destroy us.  In the episode "August", an Observer called August contacted Walter to help correct a mistake, which Walter initially believed was to send Peter back to the alternate universe, but, it was in fact a method on how to "cheat death", which he had achieved before. In episode 2x10, "Grey Matters", Walter was kidnapped by Thomas Jerome Newton, the shape-shifters' leader, and had his missing brain tissue re-implanted for a short time.  Walter, temporarily sane, was forced to reveal to Newton how he crossed over to the other universe, and nearly died because of it, driving Peter to great lengths to save him. In the episode "Jacksonville", Walter reactivated Olivia's Cortexiphan abilities, and she was able to identify objects from the other universe because of their distinctive "glimmer".  When she looked at Peter, she saw that he projected the same glimmer, making her realize he is from the Other Side.  But, she eventually promises Walter that she would not tell Peter the truth, though Walter decides he must do it himself.

In the episode "White Tulip" Walter is seen writing a letter to Peter revealing to him that he was from the alternate universe. He is unable to bring himself to give the letter to Peter for the fear of losing him again is too great. The team are chasing down a man trying to rewind time to save his fiancé from a fatal car crash. Each time the team comes close to catching him he "resets" time once again. Sent to negotiate with the time traveler, Walter tells him of his actions to save Peter and urges the man not to make the same mistake of changing the natural course of events, saying that he had "traveled through madness" to realize that some things must not be changed. Walter reveals that he has asked God to send him a sign of forgiveness in the form of a white tulip, a flower that did not bloom in that time of year. Heeding Walter's words, the man resets back to the day of his fiancé's death and holds her as a truck hits their car, killing them both. It is later revealed that during his last time 'reset', the time traveler leaves a letter for Walter with a colleague, to be delivered on the original day of the case. When Walter opens the delivered letter, he finds a tulip drawn on a white piece of paper: his so desperately sought after "White Tulip."

In the episode "The Man from the Other Side" Peter, when attempting to foil Newton's plan of bringing a bridge from the parallel universe, unexpectedly discovers that he is in fact, not from this universe. He is injured and while in the hospital, confronts Walter ("You said the effects of Newton's vibrations would be devastating. And they were, they... destroyed that FBI agent... they just... disintegrated him like he wasn't even there. But they didn't kill the man from the other side... and they didn't kill me. I'm not from here, am I?") and angrily blames Walter for his mother (of our universe) committing suicide ("That's why my  mother committed suicide, isn't it? She knew. Didn't she? And when I left, the guilt was too much for her to live with... the lie."). At the end of the episode, Olivia notifies a crushed Walter that Peter has checked out of the hospital and is now on the run.

In "Northwest Passage", Peter is subdued by Newton and meets the man from the other side, who reveals himself to be Walter from the other universe (Walternate). Recognizing him as his biological father, Peter agrees to accompany him back to the alternate universe, where "Walternate"—who is in full command of his faculties, and holds the position of U.S. Secretary of Defense—tasks him with working on a mysterious machine which Peter eventually discovers ominously requires him to serve as a component. Informed by the Observers that Peter is in danger, Walter and Olivia cross to the alternate universe to recover him, with Walter sustaining a gunshot wound in the process. On their return to our universe, Peter tells Walter that he still hasn't forgiven Walter for taking him from his family as a child, saying, "I've been trying to see this your way Walter... and I can't. But you did cross universes twice to save my life. That's got to count for something." This gives Walter the promise of eventual reconciliation.

Following the events of the season two finale, "Over There", Walter begins to readjust to life with Peter, but his son still shows a hint of resentment towards his father. Unbeknownst to either of them, the Olivia Dunham they returned to our universe with was in fact her doppelganger, "Fauxlivia", while the prime-Olivia was held captive in the other universe.  Fauxlivia was under orders from Walternate to locate the pieces of the doomsday machine constructed by "The First People".  Massive Dynamic and Fringe Division begin collecting the pieces and rebuilding the machine in a secure bunker, and Olivia is able to cross over momentarily to alert Peter of Fauxlivia's deception, who he had been romantically involved with. In 3x02, "The Box", Walter discovers that William Bell (who sacrificed himself in the season two finale to allow the others to return to their universe) left him a controlling interest in Massive Dynamic, making him CEO of the company.

The science team captures Fauxlivia, but she is able to flee back to her own universe.  Olivia manages to cross back onto our side, and reunites with the team.  Following this, September reappears and orchestrates a series of events just to see if Walter is finally able to let Peter die, which he eventually realizes he can do. The science team visits the Massive Dynamic bunker where the doomsday machine is held, and it instantly activates because of the proximity to Peter, whose nose begins to bleed.  The machine also does something to Peter—it "weaponizes" him.  His behaviour slowly begins to change, and he even begins to hunt down and murder shape-shifters, making Walter realize the effect the machine has on him.  After confronting him about it, it appears that Peter might be accepting what is happening to him, frightening Walter.

Later on, Walter begins to worry when the prime universe begins to break down which he believes will lead to what happened to the alternate universe. When Bell takes over the body of Olivia Dunham, he gets a chance to work with Walter again therefore giving him some closure. Walter and Peter go into Olivia's mind to rescue her and move Bell's soul into a computer, but the plan doesn't work.

After Walternate activates the machine on the other side, Peter has to get in it on this side, but Walter isn't willing to let him go. Eventually, he talks to Peter and lets him go in the machine, but Peter is thrown out and is badly injured. Walter goes to a church and talks to God, asking Him to save his universe even though he knows he has done bad things.

Once Peter gets back into the machine, his consciousness flashes forward to the year 2026. There Walter has been put in prison for destroying the other universe, but Peter is able to get him out to help him on a case. Walter realizes that the First People are indeed them and that they have to send the machine back in time through a wormhole that was created by the universes destruction. Back in present day, Peter uses the machine to create a bridge between the two universes, but then he is erased from the timeline and Walter is there to witness it.

In this readjusted timeline, Walter still took Peter from the other side, but once they crossed back over Peter drowned in Reiden Lake and died because the Observer didn't save him. Instead of Walter being checked out of St. Claire's by Peter, he was checked out by Olivia. He didn't live with Peter in a house, but instead lived in his lab and he hardly ever went outside of it due to tremendous fear. Without the constant of Peter being there, Walter was fragile and not whole.

Walter began to have visions of Peter and he believed himself to be going crazy until Olivia said that she was also seeing him in dreams. Eventually, Peter showed up in Reiden Lake after Olivia saw apparitions of him. Walter didn't trust Peter and especially didn't believe him to be his son. At first refusing to work with Peter at all, Walter slowly came to accept him and try to help him return home. As the two spent more time with each other, Walter began to regard Peter with a warm affection, treating him like the son he never had the opportunity to get to know.

In the season four finale, after Walter is warned by September of the upcoming invasion of the Observers they working together to create a plan to defeat them The plan was rearranged in Walter's brain to protect him from being read by Observers. Meanwhile, Walter created a series of videotapes leaving detailed directions to obtain all of the pieces of his plan should something happen to him. Before the invasion, William Bell and Walter reconnected. Bell claimed he wanted to help Walter defeat the Observers. However, William betrayed Fringe Division and led the Observers to them. Walter ambered his Harvard Lab and all of the videotapes. He also ambered Astrid, Peter, William, and himself, at an unknown location in New York City to prevent the Observers from reaching them.

In 2036, Walter was discovered in amber by an associate of Henrietta Bishop, his granddaughter. Etta and Simon Foster went to the former Massive Dynamic building to locate pieces of Walter's brain. Restoring Walter to a new form of sanity, the team was ready to begin constructing the plan Walter had designed decades prior to defeat the Observers. Walter also led him to the place where he had been ambered and removed Astrid and Peter. Walter, knowing he would need Bell's handprint to access the beacons located in Bell's storage facility, cut off his hand before heading off to find Olivia.

The reunited team began to seek out Olivia, who had been ambered while retrieving a vital component of Walter's plan, the Transilience Thought Unifier that could make sense of the pieces inside his brain. However, by the time Olivia was rescued, Walter had been kidnapped by the Observers. He was tortured by Windmark, who was trying to discover what Walter's plan was to bring down the Observers. The torture took such a toll on Walter that even after he was rescued, he could not get the device to unify his thoughts. Henrietta believed that his ability to recall the information was destroyed and irrecoverable. Walter discovered the videotapes once the team returned to Harvard and began the lengthy process of removing them from amber. Each tape led the team to a different piece of the puzzle.

The pieces of the brain that had been recently implanted back into Walter were the cause of his concern. He had the pieces removed because of the hubris man he was becoming decades before. He feared that he was slowly returning into that man once again. He requested that Nina help him remove the pieces from his brain once the plan was complete.

The team recovered Michael, a crucial part of the plan. He touched Walter's face in the lab as he tried to read his thoughts via machine to uncover his true significance to the plan. Instead, however, Michael showed Walter images from the Original Timeline. The memories came flooding back and Walter recovered all of his Original Timeline memories. He explained to Peter that he loved him even more now, although he had originally not thought this to be possible. After finding September (now calling himself Donald and turned into a regular human by the Observes as a punishment) they were able to gain a better understanding of the history of the plan: to travel in time to the year 2167 with Michael and prevented scientists from creating the emotionless Observers.

The final step of the plan, which would send Michael forward in time, required Walter. Michael would be incapable of communicating with the scientists, so he needed an escort  who will be forced to live out their lives there as to ensure that a paradox is not created and that the Observers are wiped out. However, in order to safely travel through time, an inoculation was required. Walter was inoculated in 2015, believing it would redeem him for his hubris and breaking the universe many years before. He also left one inoculation in amber with the tapes in case something were to happen to him. September took the last inoculation in 2036 and explained to Walter that he wanted to take him himself, having come to have feelings for Michael.

However, moments after the portal was opened, September was gunned down by Loyalists. Walter realized that it had always been his destiny and that he must sacrifice in order to save the world decides to take Michael through the wormhole as Peter, Olivia, and Astrid look on. Before entering the wormhole, Walter looks back at Peter and Peter mouths "I love you, Dad" to Walter.
Time flashes back to 2015, where Peter, Olivia, and their young daughter Etta are enjoying a day in the park. The Observer invasion does not occur, and the family returns home. When Peter checks the mail, he finds an envelope addressed to him from W. Bishop, containing only a piece of paper with a drawn white tulip on it.

Walternate

Walter also exists in the show's parallel universe, though to distinguish between the prime and parallel versions of Walter, the show's characters as well as its producers, journalists, and fans, identify the parallel character as "Walternate", a portmanteau of "Walter" and "alternate". However, they have several key differences in personality: Walternate never suffers from the brain damage his counterpart does, and is thus completely in control of his mental facilities. He is also more ruthless and cruel than his counterpart, with a firm belief that the ends justify the means.

Walternate in the parallel universe had a similar history to Walter through 1985, having married the same Elizabeth and having their own child Peter. There are variations in their history as well, in part due to the William Bell of the parallel universe dying in a car accident as a child and thus never befriending Walternate. Walternate was appointed as the United States "national security czar", and saw the Strategic Defense Initiative to its success. Walternate is also shown to have started a company called "Bishop Dynamic" (a parallel to Massive Dynamic, the company founded by William Bell in the prime universe).

In 1985, Walternate had worked on a cure for his Peter, but was distracted by September before seeing the successful result of the test. When Peter was kidnapped by Walter, Walternate slipped into depression and alcoholism, his job at risk, unable to explain how Peter was taken. After receiving moral support from Elizabeth, he returned to work, and later is surprised when young Olivia appears to him when she crosses over from the prime universe. Receiving her sketchbook, Walternate discovers that Peter is in the prime universe and resolves to get him back.

Leading into the show's present, Walternate has become the U.S. Secretary of Defense, overseeing a more militant Fringe division from his base on Liberty Island, though he has since separated from Elizabeth. He is also good friends with the second-in command of the Fringe Division, Colonel Phillip Broyles. He identified means of stopping the singularities caused by Walter's crossing in 1985 by using an amber-like substance to seal the area around these, regardless of the innocent lives trapped. He has also engineered the shapeshifters to cross to the prime universe and perform actions that ultimately allow him to cross over and convince Peter to return to the parallel universe. He shows Peter the doomsday device that they have found and reconstructed, and urges Peter to figure out how it works as the device only reacts to his biological signature. The purpose of the machine is later revealed during a scene at a pub; the observer strolls by, leaving behind a drawing depicting Peter being responsible for the apocalypse through the doomsday device.

When the prime universe Olivia and Walter arrive to rescue Peter, Walternate arranges for Olivia's doppelganger, Fauxlivia, to pretend she is Olivia and return with Walter and Peter. Having captured the original Olivia, Walternate subjects her to memory implantation to make her believe she is Fauxlivia while trying to recreate the Cortexiphan drug and understand its properties, intending to execute her once his goals are reached. Meanwhile, Walternate has engaged Fauxlivia to help the prime universe discover the same doomsday machine, eventually recovering one part that was missing in his construction. When it comes time for Fauxlivia to be extracted from the prime-universe, Walternate arranges for Olivia to be executed and her brain removed, with her body being used for the exchange of mass needed for Fauxlivia to return. However, a sympathetic Colonel Broyles helps Olivia escape, and is killed by Walternate's mercenaries in the effort, causing Walternate to use his friend's body for the mass-exchange, but has it mutilated first so that it would have the same mass as Fauxlivia.

When Fauxlivia returns and finds out she is pregnant with Peter's child and Walternate's grandchild, Walternate 'offers' to help in any way he can, believing the child will be an alternative way of activating the doomsday device through acquiring Peter's genes, going as far as to organize an anonymous kidnapping of Fauxlivia and accelerating her pregnancy to ensure the baby's survival. By now it is revealed that the vengeful, relentless Walternate's only previous interest in Peter was his unique biological blueprint needed to activate the machine. Believing that now that Peter has chosen his side, he doesn't hesitate to proceed to activate the machine with the intent of destroying the prime universe and his son along with it.

However, the machine does not work as expected: while it accelerates the deterioration of the prime-universe, it does not begin to heal the alternate one. After Peter activates the prime-universe version of the machine in an attempt to combat the decay, Walternate discovers he cannot shut down his version of it, and attempts to have Fauxlivia do it, believing that she might be able to access the same telekinetic powers as her counterpart. However, Peter uses the prime-universe machine to create a "bridge" between both worlds, so that both can work together to heal their prospective universes, an alliance which Walternate grudgingly agrees to.

Walternate's middle name is shown as Harold on a certificate in his office on Liberty Island.

Development
Australian actor John Noble was cast in January 2008 as "an institutionalized scientist whose work might be at the center of the coming storm". At the time, he was a relatively unknown actor best known to audiences as Denethor in the 2003 film The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. Noble became aware of the Fringe casting call from his daughter, actress Samantha Noble. He explained, "She was in L.A. She said, 'Dad'—she rang me—'Dad, there's a role that's made for you. I've heard it, everyone's talking about it. J. J. Abrams.' So I rang my manager, and I said, 'Well, this role.' And they said, 'No, no, no, it's not for you, you're too young for it.' I said, 'Oh, okay, glad I asked.' So I went back to Australia and we were back there over the Christmas break, and she was there as well. I got a phone call", asking him to tape his audition. He taped it with his daughter and sent it; Noble commented "And that was it, off that tape. This is so unusual. Off that tape, I was cast as Walter Bishop. Just unheard of."

Noble has closely worked with the Fringe writers to develop his character's traits, in particular those that relate to Walter's madness. He explained, I did my own research into those rare breed, the geniuses, and it's not that they are anti-social — they simply have no social skills. It misses the point, in a way, to think any other way about it. I also studied the people who have been subjected to a lot of drug use — prescription and otherwise, the psychotropic drugs and so forth — and what happens in mental institutions. Walter would have been subjected to electroshock therapy, so that was something I looked into, what the short- and long-term effects might be. I made all of that part of Walter." For his character's accent, the Australian actor developed a Mid-Atlantic English dialect, which Noble described as "sort of a Boston accent, but tempered with a bit of fake English, from years of flying around to conferences and talking to other academics from all over the world." In his research, Noble noticed many prominent scientists had "complicated and interesting relationships" with music, causing him to create a similar bond between it and his character.

In a November 2008 interview with the Los Angeles Times, Jeff Pinkner has called the character of Walter "incredibly fun to write for because he can say and do anything, which is a blast for a writer. He's incredibly brilliant and he's forgotten just how brilliant he is. He's scared of his own shadow, and he's scared of the things he's done in the past, and he's incredibly childlike." Pinkner continued that he, the other writers, and Noble himself have striven to focus on Walter's humanity, "[Noble] plays it from a believable place and doesn't play him from a goofball, cuddly cute place. That's our prime directive: Keep it real and honest."

Personality

A mad scientist who has had parts of his brain removed by his partner, William Bell, and who spent more than 17 years in a psychiatric hospital for the criminally insane, Walter Bishop can best be described as an eccentric man. Once a brilliant scientist in the realm of fringe science, his trials in life have left him with gaps in his memory and with traits that can best be described as child like. While many parts of his intellect remain intact, he suffers from some degree of agoraphobia and has difficulty properly looking after himself, such that in both timelines he requires either Peter or Astrid to provide him with a basic level of care and supervision. He has a great penchant for culinary arts, and can be found cooking and eating at odd times, for example, both in his lab while performing autopsies, and while naked in Peter's kitchen. Red licorice seems to be among his most favorite of foods, though he also has a penchant for custard, root beer floats, and pastries. In line with his child like demeanor, Walter Bishop has a lovable innocence about him which is occasionally interrupted by tantrum like outbursts over largely trivial things. One such outburst occurred in the supermarket when he discovered the use of brominated food additives in pop tarts, when he was shopping for pudding, and another occurred in a hotel room, in which he found the thought of being surrounded by germs too great to handle. His personality contrasts sharply with that of his parallel universe counterpart, "Walternate"; the Secretary of Defense, who is cool, collected, serious, and has a clandestine way about him which gives others the impression that he is untrustworthy.

While some of these differences are likely attributed to the fact that Walternate was never institutionalized nor had parts of his brain removed, there is evidence to suggest that the personalities of the two Walters began to diverge long before the death of Peter Bishop the boy, from the primary universe. In the primary universe, Walter chose to come home the night his son would die, and it was Walter who showed his son how to do the coin trick. In the parallel universe, Walternate chose to remain at his lab, and it was his wife who showed their son the coin trick. Additionally, when Walter crossed over and kidnapped Walternate's Peter by impersonating him, the boy picked up on the subtle differences between the two and accused Walter of not being his real father. Apparently, Walternate does not wear brown jackets. The progenitor of this divergence might have inadvertently been William Bell. Walter and William Bell met as children and experimented liberally with drugs such as LSD in their youth, while Walternate never had the opportunity to meet the William Bell of his universe.

Nevertheless, we can occasionally see flickers of Walternate's cold demeanor in Walter, for example, when Walter sedated Astrid without her permission, by jamming a needle into the back of her neck, so that he could sneak away from the lab, and in the future when he coldly responds to a compliment with an insult. Though the latter situation occurred after cells from the removed portions of his brain were used to repair brain damage he had sustained.

Other similarities shared by the two Walters include a tendency to engage in what most would call scientifically unethical behavior, and a stubborn hatred of one another.

Relationships

Prior to the pilot, Walter was estranged from his son, Peter, who was largely raised by his mother Elizabeth. Elizabeth committed suicide while Walter was in the mental institution. Walter and Peter have since gradually grown closer, though the relationship suffered upon Peter learning he was taken from the parallel universe as a boy.

Walter has remained fond of Olivia, and it was later revealed that she was one of his test subjects for his nootropic drug, Cortexiphan. Their relationship suffered when Olivia learned about this connection. Walter also is close with his lab assistant Astrid Farnsworth.

Reception

Critical reception
Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune called Noble the series' "secret weapon" for his ability to "move with lightning speed between surreal goofiness and touching insecurity, often within a single scene." Paste magazine named Noble as the 23rd best performance of 2010, calling him "excellent right out of the gate" and Walter as the "show's best character". TV Squad named Walter one of 2010's best television characters. The Los Angeles Times called Walter Bishop one of the best characters of 2008, noting, "the role of the modern-day mad scientist could so easily have been a disaster, but the 'Fringe' writers and the masterful John Noble have conspired to create a character that seems, as trite as it sounds, more Shakespearean than sci-fi."

Accolades

For the second season, Noble submitted his work for consideration in the Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series category at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards. Noble was nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film in 2008 and 2009. For the 2010, 2011, and 2012 Saturn Awards, Noble received nominations for Best Supporting Actor on Television, winning in 2011. Noble was nominated in 2009 and won in 2010 for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series at Entertainment Weeklys EWwy Awards. In 2011, for his work in the third season, Noble won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series at the 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards and received a second nomination in 2012.

References

External links
 Walter Bishop at the Internet Movie Database

Fringe (TV series) characters
Fictional characters with neurological or psychological disorders
Fictional consultants
Fictional Harvard University people
Fictional inventors
Fictional LSD users
Fictional mad scientists
Fictional scientists in television
Television characters introduced in 2008


Teresa Hubbard (born 1965, Dublin, Ireland) and Alexander Birchler (born 1962, Baden, Switzerland), often shortened to Hubbard / Birchler, are an American-Swiss artist duo who make short films and photographs about the construction of narrative time and space. Their work invites open-ended reflections on memory, place and cinema, and first gained international attention with their participation in the 48th Venice Biennale curated by Harald Szeemann.
Hubbard and Birchler were showcased in the PBS series titled "Art:21".

Life and career
Hubbard was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1965, grew up in Australia and later attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, Maine, as well as the graduate sculpture program at Yale University School of Art, New Haven, Connecticut. Birchler was born in Baden, Switzerland in 1962 and studied at the Hochschule für Gestaltung und Kunst, Basel (Academy of Art and Design Basel) and the University of Art and Design Helsinki, in Helsinki, Finland. They began collaborating as artists-in-residence at the Banff Centre for the Arts. Hubbard and Birchler later both received their MFAs from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax, Canada and in 2007 were selected by Jeff Wall as Fellows at Akademie Schloss Solitude, Stuttgart.

As life partners, Hubbard and Birchler have lived and worked in Canada, Switzerland, Germany and the United States. Currently they are based in Austin where Hubbard holds the William and Bettye Nowlin Professor in Photography in the Department of Art and Art History at The University of Texas at Austin.
Both Hubbard and Birchler are faculty members at EGS, the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland and have also both taught at Bard College at the Milton Avery Graduate School of the Arts, New York.

Exhibitions
Their work has been presented in solo exhibitions at numerous art institutions including the Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin; Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Basel; Kunstmuseum Basel; Pinakothek der Moderne Munich; the Modern Art Museum, Fort Worth, USA; Whitney Museum of American Art at Altria, New York; Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela; Museum of Contemporary Art, Berlin;  Huis Marseille Museum for Photography, Amsterdam; and the National Gallery, Prague. Hubbard and Birchler are represented by Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York and Lora Reynolds Gallery, Austin.

In 2017 Hubbard / Birchler represented Switzerland at the 57th Venice Biennial in the Swiss Pavilion in the exhibition Women of Venice, curated by Philipp Kaiser.

Recognition
 2017: Doctor of Fine Arts, honoris causa, Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University, Halifax, Canada.

Collections
Hubbard / Birchler's works of art are included in numerous private and public collections, including the Aargauer Kunsthaus, Aarau; Art Gallery of Western Australia Perth, Australia; the Walter H. Bechtler Stiftung, Switzerland; the Blanton Museum of Art at the University of Texas at Austin, Texas; the Centre for Photography, University of Salamanca, Spain; the Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; the Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio; the Daros Collection, Zürich, Switzerland; the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C.; the  Huis Marseille Foundation for Photography, Amsterdam, Netherlands; the International Center of Photography, New York City; the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel; Kunsthaus Zürich, Switzerland; Kunsthalle zu Kiel, Germany; Kunstmuseum St. Gallen, Switzerland; the Linda Pace Foundation, San Antonio, USA; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, USA; the Museum of Contemporary Art, MOCA Los Angeles, USA; Kunstmuseum Basel, Switzerland; the Modern Art Museum, Fort Worth, USA; the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León, Spain; the Museum Sammlung Goetz, Munich, Germany; Neues Museum, Nuremberg, Germany; the Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, USA; the Staedel Museum, Frankfurt, Germany; the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Germany; Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich, Germany; the Swiss Federal Office of Culture, Bern, Switzerland; the Thyssen-Bornemisza Contemporary Art Foundation, Vienna, Austria; the Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita, Kansas, USA; the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland; and the Yokohama Museum of Art, in Yokohama, Japan.

Publications
Ellegood, Anne, Inka Graeve Ingelmann, Jeffrey Kastner et al. Sound Speed Marker. Exh. cat. Ballroom Marfa. New York: Distributed Art Publishers, 2015. ()
Schuppli, Madeline, Andrea Karnes, Iris Dressler, Sara Arrhenius. No Room to Answer: Extended Version. Exh. cat. Aarau: Aargauer Kunsthaus, 2009. ()
Kaiser, Philipp, Dominic Molon, Maya Naef. House with Pool. Exh. cat., Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Basel. Basel: Christoph Merian, 2004. ()
Hentschel, Martin, Philipp Kaiser, Konrad Bitterli. Wild Walls. Exh. cat. Bielefeld: Kerber, 2001. ()

References

External links
PBS Art21 – Hubbard/Birchler

 Teresa Hubbard / Alexander Birchler in video artist data base
 Artist Interview with Irina Arnaut in Bomb Magazine

American video artists
Swiss contemporary artists
Irish contemporary artists
Irish video artists
1962 births
1965 births
Living people
NSCAD University alumni
Academic staff of European Graduate School
Bard College faculty
Art duos
Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture alumni
People from Baden, Switzerland
Irish expatriates in Switzerland


Nuvelo Inc. was  a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery, development and commercialization of drugs for acute cardiovascular disease, cancer and other debilitating medical conditions. On January 27, 2009, the company was acquired by ARCA Biopharma, Inc. in a reverse takeover transaction.

The company
Nuvelo, Inc. was located at San Carlos, California and had approximately 250 employees.
Corporate officers included chairman George Rathmann (founder and CEO of Amgen), CEO Ted Love, and executive vice president Michael Levy.
The company's development pipeline included:
Alfimeprase, a direct-acting fibrinolytic in Phase II development for the treatment of thrombotic-related disorders, including acute ischemic stroke and catheter occlusion.
NU172, a direct thrombin inhibitor in Phase I development for use as a short-acting anticoagulant during medical or surgical procedures.
rNAPc2, an anti-thrombin anticoagulant being developed for the treatment of thrombosis in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
NU206, a preclinical candidate  for the treatment of chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced mucositis and inflammatory bowel disease.

In addition, Nuvelo had research programs in leukemia therapeutic antibodies and Wnt signaling pathway therapeutics to expand its drug pipeline and create additional partnering and licensing opportunities.

Start-up phase and core competency
Nuvelo was initially founded as Hyseq in August 1992 and based on DNA array technology. Hyseq's genomic platform was used to develop gene based therapeutics and diagnostics. At the rate of more than 1,000,000 human DNA samples analyzed per month during 1997, Hyseq was a large partial human gene sequence database  with over 5,000,000 sequences. The HyX platform had five core technologies:
 Labeled DNA probes
 DNA arrays of samples and probes
 Software-driven modules like Gene Discovery, HyGnostics and HyChip
 Industrial robots to screen DNA probes
 Bioinformatics software for information management

Transition towards therapeutics
Applications that were developed making use of the genomic platform included gene identification, expression analysis, polymorphism screening and diagnostic testing. The company strategy was to exploit this platform technology to enter gene discovery and to eventually produce therapeutic drugs.

This technology led to collaborations and partnerships with companies and academic institutions including Affymetrix, PerkinElmer, Aurora biosciences, Amgen, Genetastix, Agilent Technologies, Callida Genomics, Aspen Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Celera Diagnostics, Surromed, Variagenics, Sequenom, Archemix, Amgen and Bayer. The company also created revenue by out-licensing their technologies with other companies.

Partnerships
In the early days of Nuvelo, when they were called Hyseq, there was a great deal of partnering activity. This was due to their business model which centered on their high-throughput sequencing platform. The company simply partnered or licensed out any novel discovery that did not fall into their desired disease space. Listed below are some of the material collaborations that the company undertook.

Dendreon
Nuvelo obtained the worldwide rights for all indication of rNAPc2 and other rNAPc molecules owned by Dendreon Corporation.
Dendreon was paid an upfront fee of $4.0 million with an additional $23.5 million if all development and commercialization milestones are achieved. In addition, royalty payments were structured.

Amgen
In October 2004, Nuvelo obtained the worldwide rights to develop and commercialize alfimeprase from Amgen in exchange for future payment to Amgen as negotiated under their initial deal.

Archemix
In January 2004, the company signed a 50/50 agreement with Archemix.
In July 2006, the collaboration was expanded in that Archemix became responsible for the discovery of short-acting aptamers targeting coagulation cascade for use in acute cardiovascular procedures. Nuvelo was responsible for the development and commercialization of any products discovered.

Bayer
January 2006, Nuvelo partnered to develop Alfimeprase. Bayer was to commercialize the drug outside the United States. Nuvelo retained commercial rights in the United States market and was to receive ROW royalties ranging from 15% to 37.5%.
The deal was structured with a $50 million upfront payment and milestone payments totaling $385 million ($165M in development milestones and $170M in sales and commercialization). Although many of these milestones were never achieved, in 2006 a total of $28.9M was billed to Bayer under their  cost-sharing agreement.

In February 2003, Hyseq merged with Variagenics giving birth to “Nuvelo Inc.” to further development of drug “alfimeprase.” This drug therapy was developed against peripheral arterial occlusion or “Leg Attack” disease and was approved as orphan drug status. This accelerated the clinical development of alfimeprase.

Merger
Early stage clinical trials for alfimeprase with NU206 (R-respondin protein) and NU172 (short acting thrombin inhibitor) were promising and were approved by the FDA. Bayer was collaborating with Nuvelo on late stage studies on alfimeprase. After Nuvelo's failure in these studies, Bayer closed the deal in June 2007. However, Nuvelo was optimistic and continued the trial with alfimeprase. However, in March 2008, Nuvelo's phase II trial failed to meet endpoints, thereby forcing Nuvelo to discontinue the trial. The company laid off forty employees and restructured the organization. Also, executive vice president Michael Levy left the company

Nuvelo's market cap reached a peak of approximately $US 1 billion in the lead up to alfimeprase phase 3 studies completion, but share price plummeted eventually to less than $1 and received notification from NASDAQ. Despite this, Nuvelo was able to show positive proof of concept for NU172 in August 2008. Following this, Nuvelo was merged with ARCA Biopharma Inc. on September 26, 2008, forming a late stage cardiovascular biotechnology company. ARCA biopharma focuses on developing genetically targeted cardiovascular therapies, with lead candidate drug Gencaro, a beta blocker and vaso-dilator. It was Nuvelo's genetically targeted technology and cardiovascular drug development that interested ARCA Biopharma in acquiring the company.

According to the merger agreement, Nuvelo issued new shares of its common stock to ARCA stockholders and assumed the  outstanding options and warrants involved. Novelo CEO Ted Love took a seat on the board of the combined business and Arca CEO Richard Brewer became CEO of the new business. The option and warrant holders were expected to own 67% of the combined company's common stock and Nuvelo stockholders 33% of the new company.

References

External links
SEC Filings

Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 2009
Defunct pharmaceutical companies of the United States
American companies disestablished in 2009
2009 disestablishments in California


Jens Mogens Boyesen (9 October 1920 – 20 November 1996) was a Norwegian diplomat and politician for the Labour Party.

Personal life
He was born in Kristiania as a son of deputy under-secretary of state Einar Theiste Boyesen (1888–1972) and Borghild Koppang (1888–1978). He had a younger brother Einar who was killed during the Second World War. Fleeing occupied Norway after his involvement in Milorg was discovered, Einar Boyesen enrolled in the Norwegian Independent Company 1 and was killed during a mission in Norway in March–April 1945.

From 1944 to 1947 Jens Boyesen was married to Alix Dorry Sophie Theslöf. She later married Erling Steen. In 1955 he married journalist Erle Sigrun Bryn, a daughter of Norwegian Maritime Director Erling Bryn.

Career
At the time Norway was invaded by Germany in 1940, Boyesen was a law student and member of the Labour Party. He had also a member of the socialist organization Mot Dag. The Labour cabinet Nygaardsvold fled to London in order to avoid an early capitulation. Germany occupied Norway for five years, whereas Boyesen became a part of the resistance movement. He was a messenger for both the Norwegian government-in-exile and the Norwegian legation in Stockholm, communicating on behalf of the so-called Kretsen, an inner circle of the resistance movement for which he was the secretary. Within Kretsen, he cooperated especially close with former Supreme Court Justice Ferdinand Schjelderup. Approaching the winter of 1944, Boyesen was no longer safe in Norway, and fled to Sweden. He worked as a secretary for the Norwegian legation in Stockholm until the liberation of Norway in 1945.

After the war Boyesen finished his law studies, graduating as cand.jur. in 1947. He worked as a deputy judge from 1948, and then as an advisor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1949. He then spent many years as a State Secretary in Torp's Cabinet, first in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1951 to 1954 and in the Ministry of Defence from 1954 to 1955. He later returned as State Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1963 to 1965, during Gerhardsen's Fourth Cabinet.

From 1955 to 1963 he had been Norway's Permanent Representative to NATO. When appointed, he was the youngest ambassador of Norway. In 1964 he was mentioned by Norwegian media as a candidate to take over as Secretary General of NATO after Dirk Stikker. Among the mentioned candidates was Manlio Brosio, who actually got the position. Boyesen was instead sent to Geneva to serve as ambassador to the international organizations seated in that city, including the European Free Trade Association. He served from 1968 to 1973.

When the first cabinet Bratteli assumed office in 1971, Boyesen was tipped by newspapers to take over as Minister of Foreign Affairs. This did not happen. He instead served in Brussels as Norwegian ambassador to the European Economic Community and Belgium from 1973 to 1976, and in Paris as ambassador to the OECD from 1977 to 1986.

References

1920 births
1996 deaths
Diplomats from Oslo
Mot Dag
Norwegian resistance members
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian state secretaries
Permanent Representatives to the European Union
Permanent Representatives of Norway to NATO
Politicians from Oslo


is a board arcade video game developed by ADK and originally published by SNK on September 28, 1995, before being ported to the Neo Geo CD the same year. It was ported in a scaled-down version to the Neo Geo Pocket and later given improved graphics on the Neo Geo Pocket Color. It was only released in Japan.

Gameplay

Syougi no Tatsujin is a Japanese style chess game. In single player mode the player must compete against computerized opponents (represented by a digitized photograph) to win the tournament. In two player mode, each player competes against each another.

Development

Release

Reception

In Japan, Game Machine listed Shōgi no Tatsujin: Master of Syougi on their November 1, 1995 issue as being the twelfth most-successful arcade game of the month, outperforming titles such as Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer.

Notes

References

External links
 Shōgi no Tatsujin: Master of Syougi at GameFAQs
 Shōgi no Tatsujin: Master of Syougi at Killer List of Videogames
 Shōgi no Tatsujin: Master of Syougi at MobyGames

1995 video games
ADK (company) games
Arcade video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Neo Geo games
Neo Geo CD games
Neo Geo Pocket games
Neo Geo Pocket Color games
Japan-exclusive video games
Shogi video games
SNK games
Video games scored by Hideki Yamamoto
Video games scored by Keiichiro Segawa
Video games scored by Takao Oshima
Video games developed in Japan


James Crossley FSA (31 March 1800 – 1 August 1883) was an English lawyer, author, bibliophile and literary scholar who was President of the Chetham Society from 1847 to 1883 and President of the Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire from 1878 to 1883.

Life
James Crossley was born in Halifax on 31 March 1800, and moved to Manchester in 1816. Some of his early essays were published in the Retrospective Review.

He perpetrated a literary fraud, the forging of Fragment on Mummies, supposedly by Sir Thomas Browne, that was a highly successful hoax. The bogus nature of the Fragment, given by Crossley to Simon Wilkin to publish, is now regarded as highly probable, but Crossley never precisely confessed to it.

He set up the Chetham Society in 1843, with Thomas Corser, Francis Robert Raines and others: it was named after Humphrey Chetham and its purpose was to edit and publish historical works relating to Lancashire and Cheshire. In the following years he personally edited many of its publications: including the Autobiographical tracts of John Dee (1851), and the Diary of John Worthington. He served as President from 1847 until 1883. He was Vice-President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society during the late 1850s.

He is said to have collected 100,000 books at his residence in Chorlton on Medlock and later Stocks House, Cheetham, Manchester. He supplied the novelist William Ainsworth with historical material and ideas; he was in business with Ainsworth's father Thomas, and their friendship was lifelong.

References

Dictionary of National Biography (ed. L. Stephen); Crossley, James

Further reading
 Crossley, James (1821) Article on the Cheetham Library [sic], Blackwood's Magazine, June, 1821 (reprinted in Ireland, Alexander (1883) The Book-Lover's Enchiridion; 3rd ed. London: Simpkin Marshall; pp. 278–84)
 Aston, J. P. (1823) "The theatre", in Ainsworth, W. H. December Tales; pp. 165–79
 Ellis, S. M., A Great Bibliophile: James Crossley in: Wilkie Collins, Le Fanu and others. London: Constable & Co., 1931 (reissued in 1951 by Constable).
 Collins, Steve, An Eminent Bibliophile and Man of Letters: James Crossley of Manchester, in: "Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society Transactions"; vol. 97, 2001, pp. 137–152.

 Collins, Stephen, James Crossley: A Manchester Man of Letters, Manchester: Chetham Society, 2012.

External links

 Chetham Society

1800 births
1883 deaths
19th-century English writers
Writers from Halifax, West Yorkshire
English book and manuscript collectors
English male writers
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
Chetham Society
Lawyers from Manchester


Joshua Kalsakau is a Vanuatuan politician. In 2005 Kalsakau, then the Minister for Ni-Vanuatu Business and an MP from Efate representing the National Community Association Party, joined the Vanuatu Labour Party. Kalsakau became the president of the VLP.

Joshua Kalsakau was reelected to his seat in Parliament, as MP for Efate, in the 2008 parliamentary election. After the elections, Kalsakau was named as the new Minister of Justice in the cabinet of Edward Natapei, though he was subsequently dismissed during a Cabinet reshuffle. He returned to government in April 2011, when Prime Minister Sato Kilman (who had ousted Natapei in a vote of no confidence in December 2010) was in turn ousted in a vote of no confidence, and succeeded by Serge Vohor. Vohor gave the Labour Party two portfolios in his Cabinet, and Kalsakau was appointed Deputy Prime Minister. Three weeks later, however, Vohor's election and premiership were voided by the Court of Appeal, and Kalsakau lost his position in government. On 16 June, Kilman's election and premiership were themselves voided by the Supreme Court, on constitutional grounds, and previous Prime Minister Edward Natapei became caretaker Prime Minister until a new leader could be elected. Kalsakau was appointed caretaker Minister of Infrastructure and Public Utilities.

In the 2012 general election, Kalsakau narrowly lost his seat, by a margin of just twelve votes (out of more than 15,000), leaving Labour without representation in Parliament.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the Parliament of Vanuatu
People from Shefa Province
Vanuatu Labour Party politicians


Jang Hak-Yong (Hangul: 장학영, born August 24, 1981) is South Korean footballer.

In May 2010, he left his team to complete his mandatory military service.

A pacey and consistent left back, Jang was twice named in the official K-League Team of the Season, in 2006 and 2007. He also played for the Korean national team on five occasions.

Club career statistics

External links

 National Team Player Record

1981 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korea men's international footballers
Seongnam FC players
Busan IPark players
K League 1 players
K League 2 players
K3 League players


Pittsburgh Filmmakers' School of Film, Photography, and Digital Media was a private institution of higher education located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was an accredited film school that was run by Pittsburgh Filmmakers, a well-known regional media arts center and non-profit organization.

Academics
Pittsburgh Filmmakers' School of Film, Photography, and Digital Media did not award any academic degrees.  However, it did offer certificate programs in the areas of film production, digital video, and photography.  These certificate programs took students a minimum of six semesters (or about two to three years) to complete; there was no minimum number of courses that students were required to take per semester. Over 75 different courses were available to students, with a comprehensive series of film classes and a range of workshops exploring related topics, such as animation and media literacy.

The student body was a mix of part-time independent students and students from nearby colleges and universities taking courses to earn credit at their own institutions, including the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, Point Park University, Duquesne University, Robert Morris University, La Roche College, Seton Hill University, and Carlow University.

Campus
The School was situated near Carnegie Mellon University, in a complex which also housed the Pittsburgh Filmmakers administrative offices, the Melwood Screening Room theater, and the Pittsburgh Filmmakers Library's collection of books, DVDs, stock footage, music, and other archival material. No campus housing was available for full-time students at the School.

Accreditation
Pittsburgh Filmmakers' School of Film, Photography, and Digital Media was an accredited member of the National Association of Schools of Art and Design until 2019.

See also

Pittsburgh Film Office
Three Rivers Film Festival

References

External links
Pittsburgh Filmmakers' School of Film, Photography, and Digital Media website
Pittsburgh Filmmakers

Universities and colleges in Pittsburgh
Art schools in Pennsylvania
Film schools in the United States
Digital media schools


Albert Walker may refer to:

Albert Johnson Walker (born 1946), identity thief and murderer from Canada
Albert Shield Walker (1846–1915), first mayor of Springfield, Oregon, U.S.
Albert Walker (footballer) (1910–1993), English footballer
Albert Walker (Ontario politician) (1910–1986), Canadian politician
Albert R. Walker (1881–1958), American architect
Rube Walker (Albert Bluford Walker, 1926–1992), American baseball player

See also
Bert Walker (disambiguation)
Albert (disambiguation)
Walker (disambiguation)
Walker (surname)


Svolværgeita or Geita () is a  tall pinnacle at the southwest face of the mountain Fløyfjellet on the island of Austvågøya in the Lofoten archipelago.  The  high Fløyfjellet is located on the edge of the town of Svolvær in Vågan Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The first recorded time a climber reached the summit of Svolværgeita was on 1 August 1910 by Ferdinand Schjelderup, Alf Bonnevie Bryn, and Carl Wilhelm Rubenson.

Name
The first element is Svolvær since it is located in that town. The last element is the finite form of geit which means "goat" since the mountain has two "horns". The two horns are called Storhorn and Lillehorn. By descending from Storhorn, it is common to jump over a  wide gap and land safely on Lillehorn, while viewing the town cemetery  below.

First ascent
The 1910 Route was first climbed by Bryn, Schjelderup, and Rubinson. They reached the top by 11:00 pm on 1 August 1910. Their route includes a diagonal traverse across the north wall of the mountain, led by Rubinson. Before the climb, the three had bet a local hotel owner a bottle of wine that they would reach the Goat summit. The group of Bryn, Schjelderup, and Rubinson had shortly before finished the first successful ascent of Stetind, on 30 July. Two days later, on 3 August, the same group made the first ascent of Trakta, one of the most difficult summits to reach in Norway.

Climbing routes
In addition to The 1910 Route, several other routes to the summit of The Goat have been described. The longest and classic route is The Front Side (grade 5+), first climbed by Wilhelm Høyer and Alf Krane in 1947. Another route is The Vegetarian (grade 5, A1). The route Highway to heaven (grade 6+, A2) was first ascended in August 1991. The Rappel Route (grade 5) was first top-roped by Svein Smaaskjær in the 1960s. The Back Side (also called The Spiral Route) (grad 5+) was first climbed in 1928 by Bror Bommen and Bjørn Lyche. The harder Angelwings (grad 6+) was first aid climbed by Arild Meyer and Hugo Bjørnstad in 1974, and first free-climbed in 1993 by Ed Webster, Arild Meyer, and Odd-Roar Wik. Local-born mountain climber Geir Rune Holm is the first to have reached 1000 trips to the summit. This milestone was set on the 3rd of October, 2021.

References

Climbing routes
Vågan
Mountains of Nordland


De natura sonoris (On the nature of sound) is the title of three works by the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki.

De natura sonoris no. 1 (the number was appended later) was composed in 1966. The title was inspired by Lucretius's De rerum natura (On the nature of things). As the title suggests, it is a vigorous exploration of wildly divergent orchestral effects and dynamics. It was premiered on 7 April 1966 at the International Festival of Contemporary Art in the French town of Royan.

De natura sonoris no. 2 was composed five years later to a commission by the Juilliard School of Music in New York. Penderecki again took up the theme of vividly contrasting orchestral colouration, including unusual percussive effects: an iron bar is struck by implements such as a hammer and a saw. It was premiered on 3 December 1971 at Juilliard under the conductor Jorge Mester.

Both pieces are approximately eight minutes in length each, with De natura sonoris no. 2 being the longer of the two. In 1975 the composer recorded both works with the Polish Radio National Symphony Orchestra for EMI. Both of these pieces featured in the Stanley Kubrick film The Shining.

In 2012, Penderecki composed De natura sonoris no. 3.

References

1966 compositions
1971 compositions
Compositions by Krzysztof Penderecki
Compositions that use extended techniques


León Aillaud Barreiro was an Interim Governor of the Mexican State of Veracruz in the period from June 22, 1911, to December 12, 1911.

Early years
Born in the city and port of Veracruz, in the year 1880. Did his primary school in his hometown and then studied keeping, to join various commercial houses.

The Mexican Revolution
In 1910, when he worked in the "Hardware Varela," began his involvement in the Liberal Club "Lerdo de Tejeda" next to veracruzanos young revolutionaries. Followed the timber movement and participated in organizing the welcome that was offered at the port of Veracruz to Francisco I. Madero.

A waiver of the governorship of the State of Emilio Léycegui, given the bloody events that occurred, was appointed by the Legislature and Governor Local Constitutional Intergovernmental on June 22, 1911.

During the following months, there was a great political turmoil and could only weather the storm as it existed before the Legislature an indictment of his predecessor Emilio Léycegui by the events and the need to investigate.

She was entrusted by the President Madero, to convene elections, which were never carried out, such was the anger of Madero made the Legislature removed it Local, which sent the General Angel Garcia Pena hundred federal soldiers and remove protect the official enclosure.

This caused his voluntary exile on December 12, 1911, ending his brief administration. He moved to the port of Veracruz and embarked bound for Havana, then to New Orleans, San Antonio and finally to El Paso, Texas. He returned to this country to fall into the regime of usurpation of Victoriano Huerta

1911 and 1912 Past Grand Master of the 33 Degree in the Unified Mexican Grand Lodge

Son León Aillaud Neveu

References
 everacruz.gob.mx
 glumver.org.mx

People from Veracruz (city)

1880 births
1936 deaths
Governors of Veracruz
Mexican people of French descent
Mexican people of Portuguese descent
Politicians from Veracruz


HNZ may refer to:
 Croat People's Union (Croatian: )
 Heinz, an American food processing company
 Henderson–Oxford Airport, in North Carolina, United States
 Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (Croatian: )
 HNZ Group, a Canadian helicopter operator
 Helicopters (NZ), their New Zealand subsidiary


Borderlessness may refer to:

 Borderless country, an insular territory over which a nation-state maintains sovereignty under international law, that does not share the land territory of any of its islands – See List of countries and territories by land borders; or
 Borderless selling, the process of selling services to clients outside the country of origin of services while eliminating the actions specifically designed to hinder international trade.

See also
 Without Borders


Fuse Box was an AC/DC tribute album released in Australia in 1995 by BMG. The album compiled a selection of the country's more prominent alternative rock artists from the period. Most of these songs only appear on this album, with the exception of Ed Kuepper's "Highway to Hell", which he also recorded for his album A King in the Kindness Room. A live version of "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap" was included on Nitocris' 1995 "Epic Voyage" EP. The Meanies' version of "It's a Long Way to the Top" was released as a single, with a promotional video featuring the band playing on the back of a truck driving through the Melbourne CBD, an homage to the original clip.

Track listing
 Anti Anti - "Riff Raff"
 Front End Loader - "Let Me Put My Love into You"
 Yothu Yindi - "Jailbreak"
 Fur - "Ride On"
 Ed Kuepper - "Highway to Hell"
 The Meanies - "It's a Long Way to the Top"
 Regurgitator - "Back in Black"
 Suiciety - "Nightprowler"
 Nitocris - "Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"
 Downtime - "Walk All Over You"
 Spiderbait - "Rocker"
 Don Walker - "There's Gonna Be Some Rockin'"
 Electric Hippies - "Whole Lotta Rosie"
 RIG - "Baby, Please Don't Go"
 Blitz Babiez - "Live Wire"
 Frenzal Rhomb - "TNT"
 Automatic - "You Shook Me All Night Long"

 All titles by Angus Young, Malcolm Young and Bon Scott except tracks 2, 7, 17 by Angus Young, Malcolm Young and Brian Johnson and 14 by Big Joe Williams.

1995 compilation albums
AC/DC tribute albums
Alternative rock compilation albums
Punk rock compilation albums


Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier (previously by CIG Media Group). It was established as Clinical Lymphoma in 2000, renamed to Clinical Lymphoma & Myeloma in 2005 and obtained its current name in 2010. The journal covers research on detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lymphoma, myeloma, leukemia, and related disorders, including macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis, and plasma-cell dyscrasias.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Excerpta Medica, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, CINAHL, Chemical Abstracts, Scopus, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 2.02.

References

External links

Oncology journals
Academic journals established in 2000
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Hematology journals
Elsevier academic journals


Monument Mountain is the name of a popular  open space reservation located in Great Barrington, Massachusetts on the southeast side of Monument Mountain. The reservation is centered on the  subordinate summit of Peeskawso Peak. It is managed by The Trustees of Reservations, a non-profit conservation organization and is notable for its expansive views of the Housatonic River Valley, the Berkshires, the Taconic Mountains, and the Catskill Mountains of New York from the knife-edge summit of Peeskawso Peak. Monument Mountain, composed of erosion resistant quartzite, is of The Berkshires geology. The reservation receives more than 20,000 visitors a year.
The mountain was logged for charcoal to fuel a furnace in Vandusenville at the corner of Division Street and Route 41 in Great Barrington. Remnants of the furnace can be seen if one stands on the Route 41 bridge and looks upstream on the Williams River.

History
Monument Mountain was a sacred place to the ancestors of the Mohican people dating back before written history. They left stone prayers atop a monument that gives the mountain its name. These stones have all been removed or have decayed following the expulsion of the Mohicans to their current-day reservation in Wisconsin.

It has been the subject of art and literature since as early as 1815 when the poet William Cullen Bryant penned "Monument Mountain," an account of the story of a Mohican woman who allegedly leapt from what is now called Peeskawso Peak. In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville picnicked on the mountain; a thunderstorm forced them to seek cover in a boulder cave where they engaged in a lengthy discussion that inspired some of Melville's ideas for his novel Moby Dick.

In the 1930s, red pines were planted on the reservation; by that time much of the mountain had been heavily logged for the charcoal industry in support of iron foundries in Falls Village, Connecticut and Lenox, Massachusetts.

The reservation was acquired as the gift of Helen C. Butler in 1899 and John Butler Swann in 1980. Additional parcels were purchased in 1985 and 1986.

In 2021, the Trustees renamed the summit and two trails after collaboration with the Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohicans.  Indian Monument Trail was renamed the Mohican Monument Trail, Squaw Peak Trail was renamed the Peeskawso Peak Trail, and Squaw Peak, a summit of Monument Mountain, was renamed Peeskawso Peak.

Recreation
A trailhead parking lot is located on Massachusetts Route 7 north of Great Barrington center. Parking is free for Trustees of Reservations members and $6 per car for the general public. The trail system consists of the Hickey and Mohican Monument Trails (which form a loop around Peeskawso Peak) and the Peeskawso Peak Trail, which ascends the knife-edge summit between the other two trails. The trail to the summit includes a some rock scrambling and has been the scene of a few accidents and falls. An unnamed waterfall is located along the Hickey Trail. The Devil's Pulpit, part of Peeskawso Peak, is a free-standing pillar of stone visible from the Peeskawso Peak Trail.

The reservation is open to hiking, picnicking, and hunting (in season).

External links

The Trustees of Reservations
Trail map

References

The Trustees of Reservations
Protected areas of Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Open space reserves of Massachusetts
Great Barrington, Massachusetts
Protected areas established in 1899
1899 establishments in Massachusetts


San Girolamo della Carità is a church in Rome, Italy, located near the Palazzo Farnese and Campo de' Fiori.

History
According to tradition, this is the site of the domus of the matron Saint Paola who hosted Saint Jerome when he served as secretary to Pope Damasus. Later it was transformed into a small church dedicated to him.

In 1419 the Franciscan Observants built a hospice with a chapel, which they replaced with a new church in 1508. In 1524 it was taken over by the Archconfraternita della Carità ("Archconfraternity of Charity"), founded by Giulio de' Medici (later Pope Clement VII) in 1519; a society of noblemen from Florence. Philip Neri lived in the hospice from 1551 to 1583. It served as a first meeting place for the Oratorians founded in 1561 before they were established as a Congregation in 1575 and, in the same year, given the church of Santa Maria in Vallicella.

A fire destroyed the hospice in 1631, damaging the church. In 1632 Cardinal Francesco Barberini, protector of the Archconfraternity, commissioned the architect Francesco Peparelli to renovate the hospice, which remained in operation until 1840, when the building was re-adapted into a convent connected to the church. The church, was rebuilt in 1657 by Domenico Castelli, with a Baroque façade by Carlo Rainaldi.

Interior
The altarpiece for the high altar is a copy of Domenichino's The Last Communion of Saint Jerome (Domenichino). The original, commissioned for San Girolamo in 1612, is now in the Pinacoteca Vaticana.

The first chapel to the right (Cappella Spada), although originally assigned to Orazio Spada in 1575, was refurbished by Virgilio and Bernardino Spada in 1654-57. As a friend of Virgilio, the name of the Baroque architect Francesco Borromini has long been associated with the chapel but it has been argued that the overall design was probably directed by Virgilio Spada. The altar rail is by Gianlorenzo Bernini's pupil, Antonio Giorgetti.

The  small but superbly finished Antamoro Chapel is dedicated to S. Filippo Neri. The chapel itself was designed by Filippo Juvarra, the only work of his in Rome, and constructed in 1708-1709. The decoration of the chapel with the back lit statue of The Ecstasy of S. Filippo Neri and two stucco reliefs in the ceiling was conceived by Juvarra in intimate cooperation with his close friend, the French sculptor Pierre Le Gros, who was responsible for carrying out the sculptural components.

Cardinal-Deacons

Giulio Bevilacqua, C.O.  (25 February 1965 - 6 May 1965)
Antonio Riberi (26 June 1967 - 16 December 1967)
Paolo Bertoli (30 April 1969 - 5 March 1973)
Pietro Palazzini (12 December 1974 - 11 October 2000)
Jorge María Mejía (21 February 2001 - 9 December 2014)
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot (5 October 2019 – present)

References

External links
 San Girolamo della Carità

Girolamo Carita
Titular churches
Girolamo Carita
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1657
1657 establishments in Italy
Churches of Rome (rione Regola)
Filippo Juvarra buildings


James Lawrence Begley (September 19, 1902 – February 22, 1957), nicknamed "Imp", was a Major League Baseball player. Begley played for the Cincinnati Reds in the 1924 season. In two games, he had one hit in five at-bats, with two walks. Begley batted and threw right-handed.

He was born and died in San Francisco, California.

Begley attended the University of San Francisco.

External links

1902 births
1957 deaths
Baseball players from San Francisco
Cincinnati Reds players
San Francisco Dons baseball players


Owain Williams is the leader of Llais Gwynedd, a regionalist political party in Gwynedd, north Wales, and councillor who previously represented the Clynnog Fawr ward for Gwynedd Council.

He is a fervent nationalist committed to an independent Wales. In the 1960s, he was imprisoned twice for bombing the site of the future Llyn Celyn reservoir but later turned to the democratic route, becoming the chairman of the Independent Wales Party as well as a member of, at different times, both the Welsh Labour Party and Plaid Cymru. In May 2008 he was elected chairman of Llais Gwynedd after their emergence following the 2008 Welsh local elections. In the summer of 2009, he was reported to the authorities for leaving the bodies of several dead sheep to rot in his fields.

Williams' story inspired the 2021 film The Welshman. The film was nominated for a BAFTA Cymru award. He also wrote an autobiography, entitled Tryweryn: A Nation Awakes.

References

Councillors in Wales
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Llais Gwynedd politicians
Leaders of political parties in Wales
People from Clynnog Fawr