The Halifax Rifles (RCAC) is a Canadian Army regiment that served between the years of 1860 and 1965 before being reduced to nil strength and placed on the Supplementary Order of Battle. The regiment was reactivated on May 10, 2009, as a reserve force unit performing the role of armoured reconnaissance. It is the first and only regiment since the 1960s to be reactivated from the Supplementary Order of Battle.

The unit draws its history from the 19th century Halifax Volunteer Battalion which was active at the time of the Fenian Raids. It received its current name in May 1958.

History

Fenian Raids

The Halifax Volunteer Battalion was called out on active service on 6 June 1866. The battalion, which guarded the Halifax Dockyard, was removed from active service on 31 July 1866.

North West Rebellion

The 63rd The Halifax Battalion of Rifles mobilized three companies for active service on 10 April 1885 which served with the Halifax Provisional Battalion in the Alberta Column of the North-West Field Force. The companies were removed from active service on 24 July 1885.

South African War
The 63rd The Halifax Battalion of Rifles contributed volunteers for the Canadian Contingents during the South African War.

Great War

Details of the 63rd Regiment "Halifax Rifles" were placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for local protective duty.

The 40th Battalion (Nova Scotia), CEF, was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 18 October 1915. The battalion provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field until 4 January 1917, when its personnel were absorbed by the 26th Reserve Battalion, CEF. The battalion was disbanded on 17 July 1917.

Second World War
Details from the regiment were called out on service on 26 August 1939 and then placed on active service on 1 September 1939 as The Halifax Rifles, CASF (Details), for local protection duties. which were disbanded on 31 December 1940. The regiment mobilized the 1st Battalion, The Halifax Rifles, CASF for active service on 1 January 1941. It was converted to armour and redesignated as the 23rd Army Tank Battalion (The Halifax Rifles), CAC, CASF, on 26 January 1942 and the 23rd Army Tank Regiment (The Halifax Rifles), CAC, CASF, on 15 May 1942. It embarked for Britain on 17 June 1943 as a unit of the 2nd Army Tank Brigade, 4th Canadian Armoured Division, where it provided reinforcements to units of the Canadian Corps in the field. The overseas regiment was disbanded on 1 November 1943.

War in Afghanistan
The regiment contributed personnel to the various task forces which served in Afghanistan between 2009 and 2014.

Mission task
Since 2015, Army Reserve units have been assigned specific mission tasks, in addition to traditional military duties.  Trained and promoted in the traditional officer and non-commissioned member streams of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps, regiment members are additionally trained to be fully integrated, as a formed entity, into similarly assigned Regular Force units.  The mission task for the Halifax Rifles is called Influence Activities.  By their Canadian Forces organization order (CFOO), a squadron of up to 52 members will be trained in the employment of population group influence techniques, including psychological operations and civil-military co-operation, to provide behavioural and psychological effects on those populations in support of a commander’s intent or mission.

Lineage

The Halifax Rifles (RCAC)
Originated 14 May 1860 in Halifax, Nova Scotia as the Halifax Volunteer Battalion
Redesignated 28 May 1869 as the Halifax Volunteer Battalion of Rifles
Redesignated 5 November 1869 as the 63rd The Halifax Volunteer Battalion of Rifles
Redesignated 13 May 1870 as the 63rd The Halifax Battalion of Rifles
Redesignated 8 May 1900 as the 63rd Regiment "Halifax Rifles"
Redesignated 15 May 1920 as The Halifax Rifles
Redesignated 1 January 1941 as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Halifax Rifles
Redesignated 15 September 1944 as The Halifax Rifles (Reserve)
Redesignated 30 November 1945 as The Halifax Rifles
1 April 1946 converted to armour and redesignated as the 23rd Armoured Regiment (Halifax Rifles), RCAC'
Redesignated 4 February 1949 as The Halifax Rifles (23rd Armoured Regiment)
Redesignated 19 May 1958 The Halifax Rifles (RCAC)
Reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle on 31 January 1965
Removed from the Supplementary Order of Battle and reactivated as a Canadian Army Reserve Force regiment on 28 July 2009

Lineage chart

Perpetuations

Great War
40th Battalion (Nova Scotia), CEF

Alliances

 United Kingdom - None at present

Battle honours

In the list below, battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles.

War of 1812
Honorary distinction: The non-emblazonable honorary distinction DEFENCE OF CANADA – 1812–1815 –  (awarded in commemoration of the Nova Scotia Fencible Infantry).

North West Rebellion
NORTH WEST CANADA, 1885

South African War
SOUTH AFRICA, 1899–1900

Great War
MOUNT SORREL 2–13 June 1916
SOMME, 1916 1 July–18 November 1916
ARRAS, 1917, '18 8 April–4 May 1917 and  26 August–3 September 1918
YPRES, 1917 31 July–10 November 1917
HILL 70 15–25 August 1917
AMIENS 8–11 August 1918
HINDENBURG LINE 12 September–9 October 1918
PURSUIT TO MONS 28 September–11 November 1918

See also

Military history of Nova Scotia

Order of precedence

Notes and references

Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.

Further reading
A Century of Rifles 1860 – 1960. The Halifax Rifles (R.C.A.C) (M) 'Cede Nullis' by John Gordon Quigley (Jan 1 1960)

External links
The Halifax Rifles (RCAC) Official Home Page

Armoured regiments of Canada
Rifle regiments of Canada
Military units and formations of Nova Scotia
Military units and formations established in 1860
British colonial regiments
Supplementary Order of Battle


Animation of Scalable Vector Graphics, an open XML-based standard vector graphics format is possible through various means:
Scripting: ECMAScript is a primary means of creating animations and interactive user interfaces within SVG.
Styling: Since 2008, the development of CSS Animations as a feature in WebKit has made possible stylesheet-driven implicit animation of SVG files from within the Document Object Model (DOM).
SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a recommended means of animating SVG-based hypermedia, supported by the Amaya (2003)  Opera (2006), Mozilla Firefox (2011), Google Chrome (2016) and  Safari (2017) web browsers, and any browser that aims to pass the Acid3 web standards test of 2008 (i.e. before the test's "simplification" in 2011) as this requires SMIL support for tests 75 and 76.
Libraries have also been written as a shim to give current SVG-enabled browsers SMIL support. This method is also known as SVG+Time.

Because SVG supports Portable Network Graphics (PNG) and JPEG raster images, it can be used to animate such images as an alternative to APNG and Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG).

History
SVG animation elements were developed in collaboration with the working group that published several versions of  Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL).  The SYMM Working Group (in collaboration with the SVG Working Group) developed the SMIL Animation specification, which represents a general-purpose XML animation feature set. SVG incorporates the animation features defined in the SMIL Animation specification and provides some SVG-specific extensions.

In June 1998, the "Synchronized Multimedia Working Group" (known as "SYMM") within the World Wide Web Consortium ("W3C") published the first recommended version of the specification known as "SMIL 1.0". Shortly after the 1998 publication of SMIL 1.0, a group of companies led by Microsoft published "Timed Interactive Multimedia Extensions for HTML (HTML+TIME); Extending SMIL into the Web Browser". For the next two years, the lead author of HTML+TIME (Patrick Schmitz) worked with the SYMM working group, while also working with the SVG working group. Shortly after the publication of SMIL 2.0, Schmitz and co-author Aaron Cohen (from Intel) published SMIL Animation on 4 September 2001. SVG 1.0 also became a W3C Recommendation on 4 September 2001.

Certain web browsers added support for SVG animation during the 2000s, including Amaya as early as 2003, but SVG animation was only supported by widely used browsers beginning in the 2010s, notably by Firefox 4 (2011). Internet Explorer supports ECMAScript animation, and its successor Microsoft Edge supports ECMAScript and CSS animations as of version 42.17134.

Examples

The following code snippets demonstrate three techniques to create animated SVG images on compatible browsers. The relevant parts are highlighted in yellow. Click the images' thumbnails to see their animated versions.

SVG animation using SMIL

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8">
 <title>SVG animation using SMIL</title>
 <circle cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="red" fill="none">
  <animateTransform
   attributeName="transform"
   attributeType="XML"
   type="rotate"
   from="0"
   to="360"
   begin="0s"
   dur="1s"
   repeatCount="indefinite"/>
 </circle>
</svg>

SVG animation using CSS

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
 width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8">
 <title>SVG animation using CSS</title>
 <style type="text/css">
  @keyframes rot_kf {
    from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
    to   { transform: rotate(360deg); }
  }
  .rot { animation: rot_kf 1s linear infinite; }
 </style>
 <circle class="rot"
  cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="blue" fill="none"/>
</svg>

SVG animation using ECMAScript

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8" onload="rotate(evt)">
 <title>SVG animation using ECMAScript</title>
 <script type="text/ecmascript">
  function rotate(evt) {
   var object = evt.target.ownerDocument.getElementById('rot');
   setInterval(function () {
     var now          = new Date();
     var milliseconds = now.getTime() % 1000;
     var degrees      = milliseconds * 0.36; // 360 degrees in 1000 ms
     object.setAttribute('transform', 'rotate(' + degrees + ')');
    }, 20);
  }
 </script>
 <circle id="rot"
  cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="green" fill="none"/>
</svg>Though the example above works, it is not the optimal implementation; the animation is limited to 50 frames per second (FPS). Using requestAnimationFrame provides better performance and can reach 60 FPS:<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8" onload="init()">
  <title>SVG animation using requestAnimationFrame()</title>
  <script>
    var object;

    function init() {
      object = document.getElementById('rot');
      window.requestAnimationFrame(rotate);
    }

    function rotate(timestamp) {
      var milliseconds = timestamp % 1000;
      var degrees      = milliseconds * 0.36; // 360 degrees in 1000 ms
      object.setAttribute('transform', 'rotate(' + degrees + ')');
      window.requestAnimationFrame(rotate);
    }
  </script>
  <circle id="rot" cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="green" fill="none"/>
</svg>

SMIL attributes to identify the target attribute
The following are the animation attribute which identify the target attribute for the given target element whose value changes over time.
attributeName = "<attributeName>" specifies the name of the target attribute. An XMLNS prefix may be used to indicate the XML namespace for the attribute. The prefix will be interpreted in the scope of the current animation element.

attributeType = "CSS | XML | auto" specifies the namespace in which the target attribute and its associated values are defined. CSS specifies that the value of ‘attributeName’ is the name of a CSS property defined as animatable in this specification. XML specifies that the value of ‘attributeName’ is the name of an XML attribute defined in the default XML namespace for the target element. The attribute must be defined as animatable in this specification. auto
The default value is 'auto'. The implementation should match the ‘attribute Name’ to an attribute for the target element. The implementation must first search through the list of CSS properties for a matching property name, and if none is found, search the default XML namespace for the element.

The MediaWiki wiki software automatically generates static, non-animated thumbnails of SVG images. Viewing the actual .svg image from each respective description page will show its animation in a compatible browser.

Libraries
There are several JavaScript libraries for working with SVG animation. An advantage to the use of such libraries is that these libraries often solve incompatibility issues in browsers through abstraction. Examples of libraries include Raphaël and Velocity.js

See also

 CSS animations
 D3.js
 Flash animation
 GIF animation

References

Animation techniques
Scalable Vector Graphics
Web animation

de:Scalable Vector Graphics#Animation


Trogontherium is an extinct genus of Eurasian giant beavers that lived from the Late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene. Fossils of Trogontherium have been found across northern Eurasia, from Western Europe to China and Siberia.

Taxonomy
Trogontherium was originally described in 1809 from a skull given to Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim from the collection of Russian aristocrat Alexander Sergeyevich Stroganov found near Taganrog on the coast of the Sea of Azov in southern Russia, suggested to be Early Pleistocene in age. Originally, no species name was given. In 1824, Georges Cuvier cited the type species name as being T. cuvieri, attributing the species name to Waldheim, which has been followed by later authors. T. cuvieri is known from the Late Pliocene to Pleistocene of Eurasia. A distinctly smaller species, T. minus, named by Edwin Tulley Newton in 1890, is known from the Late Pliocene-earliest Pleistocene of Europe, where it co-existed with T. cuvieri. T. boisvilletti is generally considered a synonym of T. cuiveri. Some authors also include the species T. minutus from the Late Miocene of Europe, though this species has also been included in the genera Steneofiber or Euroxenomys, although it is clearly closely related to Trogontherium. Trogontherium has been placed as part of the subfamily Castoroidinae, which notably also includes North American giant beavers (Castoroides), though the large body size seems to have developed independently in both lineages.

Description
Trogontherium cuvieri grew larger than living beavers (Castor), with a skull up to  in length, but was smaller than Castoroides. The incisors are covered in fine longitudinal grooves, and have a convex enamel face. The cheek teeth are high crowned. The sagittal suture of the skull is flanked by two deep depressions. The skull roof is largely flat, and the skull is overall much more robust and massive than that of modern beavers. Compared to Castor, the humerus and femur of T. cuiveri are proportionally shorter, but the radius, ulna, tibia and fibula bones are proportionally longer. The metatarsal bones and phalanges of the hindlimb were longer, more slender and narrower than in Castor, suggesting that the feet did not have well-developed webbing. The ankle joint had a limited calcaneo-fibular connection, unknown in any other rodent, but comparable to those in lagomorphs and ungulates, which served to stablise the ankle joint.

Ecology
Trogontherium is thought to have engaged in gnawing like modern beavers, though its convex incisors would have made it less effective at gnawing through hard vegetation than the flattened incisors of living Castor, and would have functioned more like a gouge than a chisel. It may have fed by gnawing on bark and lignified roots. Dental microwear analysis of teeth of T. cuvieri from China, spanning the Pleistocene, suggest that it was ecologically plastic, and able to adapt its diet to local conditions. T. cuvieri is suggested to have occupied a different, more terrestrial niche than living Castor, as suggested by its more cursorially (running) adapted limbs, though it appears to have been closely associated with aquatic environments. At the Bilzingsleben site in Germany, dating to around 400-300,000 years ago, T. cuvieri is suggested to have been hunted by archaic humans, though it is much rarer at the site than remains of Castor.

Evolution and extinction
Trogontherium first appeared in Europe during the Pliocene, with the species T. cuvieri dispersing over to East Asia and Siberia at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, around 2.6 million years ago. T. cuvieri became extinct in Europe in the late Middle Pleistocene, during the Saalian glaciation (~300-125,000 years ago). The last record of the species is from the Late Pleistocene of Manchuria near Harbin in Northeast China, around 40,000 years old. Its disappearance might be related to the arrival of hunter gatherers into the region.

References

Prehistoric beavers
Pleistocene rodents
Pleistocene genus extinctions
Pleistocene mammals of Europe
Pleistocene mammals of Asia
Prehistoric rodent genera

Fossil taxa described in 1809


Brian Óscar Sarmiento (born 22 April 1990) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Other than in his country, he played in Spain, Brazil, Peru, Greece and Bolivia.

Club career
Born in Rosario, Santa Fe, Sarmiento began his career in Argentina with Estudiantes de La Plata, signing for La Liga side Racing de Santander in July 2007. A complicated transfer situation between both clubs, which involved the Court of Arbitration for Sport's mediation, meant that the 17-year-old spent the entire 2007–08 season without making a single first-team appearance.

For the 2008–09 campaign, Sarmiento was loaned to Xerez CD of Segunda División, first appearing officially in a 1–1 home draw against Real Murcia on 3 September 2008 in the second round of the Copa del Rey. Although not an undisputed starter, he did feature significantly as the Andalusians achieved a first-ever top flight promotion, earning the nickname Currito de Jerez by their fans in the process.

On 31 August 2009, Sarmiento went on another season-long loan, yet in the second level, now with Girona FC. He made his first appearance on 3 October in a 2–2 draw with SD Huesca, scoring his team's second goal, but was released by the Catalans in late January 2010 for disciplinary issues, subsequently training with former club Santander to stay fit.

Sarmiento spent 2010–11 with UD Salamanca, again on loan and in the Spanish second tier. He netted for the first time in the league on 15 January 2011, but in 2–3 home loss to FC Barcelona B. On 1 March he scored the game's only goal at home against Villarreal CF B, helping the Castile and León side to their first win in three months.

Sarmiento then returned to the Argentine Primera División, where he represented in quick succession Racing Club de Avellaneda, Arsenal de Sarandí and All Boys. Following a very brief spell in Brazil with Associação Atlética Ponte Preta, he went back to his country with Quilmes Atlético Club.

On 21 January 2015, Sarmiento joined Peruvian Primera División's Real Garcilaso. During his one-year spell in Cusco, he played 39 matches across all competitions and scored eight times; additionally, he bought a bar in the city.

Back in Argentina, Sarmiento played for Club Atlético Banfield and Newell's Old Boys. During his stint at the latter club, marred by injuries, he was often more talked about for his behaviour off the pitch.

In June 2019, Sarmiento signed for Greek club Volos FC. In September, after only eight minutes of action in the Super League, his contract was terminated by mutual consent, and he returned to All Boys shortly after on a one-and-a-half-year deal.

International career
Sarmiento was named Best Newcomer while playing for the Argentina under-17 team, in a friendly tournament in 2006. He also represented the nation at under-20 level.

Honours
Xerez
Segunda División: 2008–09

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Rosario, Santa Fe
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Argentine Primera División players
Primera Nacional players
Estudiantes de La Plata footballers
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
All Boys footballers
Quilmes Atlético Club footballers
Club Atlético Banfield footballers
Newell's Old Boys footballers
Segunda División players
Racing de Santander players
Xerez CD footballers
Girona FC players
UD Salamanca players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players
Peruvian Primera División players
Cusco FC footballers
Super League Greece players
Volos F.C. players
Argentina men's youth international footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in Peru
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Club Aurora players
Club Atlético San Miguel footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
Expatriate men's footballers in Bolivia


Wonderbound (formerly Ballet Nouveau Colorado) is a contemporary ballet company based in Denver, Colorado. It is the second largest ballet company in the state.

History

Ballet Nouveau Colorado

Ballet Nouveau Colorado was founded in 1992 as a non-profit student performing company and school, providing outreach performances for elementary schools in Adams County and Denver's North Metro area.  In 2002 BNC transitioned to maintaining a full-time contemporary ballet company.  Later in 2002 BNC was honored by the Colorado State House of Representatives with CO House Resolution #02-1009 "for its commitment to bringing arts to the metropolitan region and for providing a wonderful educational haven to individuals who are interested in dance".  By 2005 BNC had grown into the second largest ballet company in the State of Colorado.  At the start of their 2007–2008 season BNC hired husband/wife team Garrett Ammon and Dawn Fay to take over the artistic direction of the company, made a significant adjustment to their marketing campaign and established a widespread presence on the internet including profiles on Facebook and MySpace as well as video postings on YouTube.  The school and offices were based in Broomfield.

In December 2009 BNC's Board of Directors made the decision to dismiss Lissy Garrison from her position as executive director, the longest holder of this position till that time.  In 1995 Garrison joined BNC as a consultant to the Board of Directors, served as president of the board for two years and became Executive Director in 1999. BNC never disclosed the circumstances surrounding the firing of Garrison.  However, since her departure "Ballet Nouveau has changed its administrative structure. Instead of the artistic director being subordinate to the executive director as before, both now report directly to the board and are considered peers."

In the summer of 2010, Garrison's position was filled by Shari Ammon Mills, the sister of the Artistic Director, Garrett Ammon.  On January 12, 2011, BNC appointed Christin Crampton Day, a former Colorado Ballet board member and public relations professional to replace Ammon Mills.

In 2012 Directors Ammon and Fay made a commitment to all live music collaborations with artists across Denver. This has resulted in unparalleled productions performed at theaters throughout the Denver metro area.

The company is proud of a partnership with the Performing Arts Complex at Pinnacle Charter School in North Denver. This theater became their home theater in 2007. They currently maintain two staff members at this location who work to manage events at the theater along with an internship and theater program for students of the charter school. They also perform regularly at the PACE Center in Parker, the Newman Center in Denver, in Boettcher Auditorium with the Colorado Symphony and on the Elaine Wolf Theater stage in collaboration with the MACC JCC.

Wonderbound
In 2012, with assistance from a grant from the Bonfils Stanton Foundation, the company rebranded  as Wonderbound including a new logo and spinning The School of BNC off into an independent agency known as the Colorado Conservatory of Dance.

Along with the branding change, Wonderbound moved to their new rehearsal studio space in the heart of Denver, Colorado. One full production a year and four smaller events take place in the studio. The ten Wonderbound dance artists work five days a week, eight hours a day and all rehearsals are free and open to the public.

Funding

Wonderbound is a non-profit 501(c)(3) arts organization and as such is supported by donations, grants, and ticket sales. Wonderbound is also supported in part by the Scientific and Cultural Facilities District of Adams, Broomfield, and Jefferson Counties and by the Bonfils Stanton Foundation.  Wonderbound earns 30 percent of its revenues from ticket sales. Wonderbound also partners with local communities and businesses to assist in fundraising and applies for and is the recipient of several grants every year.

In 2012, Bonfils Stanton Foundation awarded Wonderbound (then Ballet Nouveau Colorado) with a three-year $75,000 grant to enable them to complete their move to Denver. This was a turning point in the company's lifespan. In 2013, Wonderbound was awarded a $250,000 ArtPlace America award for Creative Placemaking due to their unique space in Denver

The Company

When BNC was founded in 1992 it hired professional dancers only on an "as-needed" basis.  In 2002 BNC began to perform professionally maintaining a full-time professional company for the duration of its 25-week session, with only five dancers the first year.

Currently, Wonderbound offers full-time employment to 10 professional dance artists, each with a contemporary ballet background. Employment includes full medical benefits. For most dancers employment at Wonderbound is their only job, however some supplement their income through teaching.

Artistic Directors

Ammon and Fay

Following Robert Mills' departure BNC recruited Ballet Memphis principal dancers and married couple Garrett Ammon and Dawn Fay.  Ammon, winner of the Individual Artist Fellowship for choreography in 2007 from the Tennessee Arts Commission stepped into the role of artistic director and his wife, named one of Dance Magazine's "25 to Watch" for 2007, took on the newly created position of associate artistic director.  The new artistic team's first season with BNC took on the theme "Experience the Evolution" and premiered Ammon's "Love of My Life", a ballet choreographed to Queen music, at BNC's annual showcase.  The new show was later featured at the fundraiser, Nouveau at Night.  Ammon went on to reinvent BNC's Valentine's Day show, "Moulin Rouge", which had originally been presented two years earlier as a one act set in a Toulouse-Lautrec-esque Parisienne cafe choreographed by former artistic director, Robert Mills.  Ammon's "Moulin Rouge", a full-length show, was a love story inspired by the 1894 Gothic horror novel Trilby, by George du Maurier and featured the hypnotist character Svengali.

Now in their tenth season of artistic leadership Ammon and Fay have created over 40 ballets together collaborating with artists across Denver.

Contemporary Ballet
Wonderbound, as a contemporary ballet company presents performances featuring all live music with modern highlights, collaborations with poets, visual artists, chefs and even illusionists.

Ballet & Popular Music
At the beginning of BNC's 2007–2008 season the then new artistic director, Garrett Ammon premiered his ballet "Love of My Life", a performance choreographed to the music of Queen. Before joining BNC, Ammon had choreographed a work titled, "Mediate" set to INXS music. On October 31, 2008, BNC premiered its second show of the 2008–2009 season, "Garrett Ammon's Rock Ballets". Accompanied by "Mediate" and "Love of My Life" was the world premiere of "An Occasional Dream", a ballet set to the songs of David Bowie.  According to Ammon, "Unlike traditional ballets that tell a story, movements in these ballets follow the inspiration of the music".

The 2009–2010 season of BNC featured "POP", a ballet that blends pop music and ballet in the style of Rock Ballets.  Ammon was joined by 2008 choreography competition finalist, Alex Ketley and 2009 choreography competition winner, Joshua Blake Carter in creating contemporary works for the season's opener.  "POP" consisted of four pieces, three premieres and one revival.  Carter's piece, "Nothing is forever, darling" utilized the music of Rufus Wainwright while Ketley's "Kill the Anthem" was a blend of indie rock and electronic featuring music from Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Test Icicles, The Knife, and MGMT.  Ammon's two pieces included the world premiere of "Bang Bang" a piece choreographed entirely to Nancy Sinatra's music and "and tomorrow came" a piece that originally premiered on April 4, 2008, at BNC and features music by the indie folk artist Joanna Newsom.

In 2016, Rock Ballets made a triumphant return to sold-out audiences featuring the music of Queen and David Bowie played live by a supergroup made up of Denver's Chimney Choir and Ian Cooke Band, and included a world premiere ballet "Unbroken Sky" featuring a hybrid mix of music by the two bands and choreographed by Wonderbound artist Sarah Tallman.

25 To Watch
BNC's professional company was featured at the top of Dance Magazine's "25 TO WATCH: WHO WILL SHINE IN '09" list in the magazine's January 2009 issue.  The "25 to Watch" feature opened with a two-page spread listing the 25 companies, dancers, and choreographers to make the list and an article on BNC superimposed over a photo taken by Garret Ammon of BNC dancer, Megan Coatney.  One of only two dance companies listed in the 25, the article highlighted the company's 21st Century Choreography Competition, Garret Ammon's Rock Ballets, and BNC's collaboration with Colorado's Lighthouse Writers' Workshop on the February 2009 performance, "Love", featuring new choreography from Ammon, Ma Cong (winner of the 2008 choreography competition), and Canada-based choreographer Mark Godden.

Outreach
Wonderbound offers educational outreach programs providing free arts programming to 20,000 residents each year.  They develop a year-long partnership with local elementary schools to provide dance education that supports the schools' curricular goals as well as free performances to students.  Wonderbound also provides over 1,000 free tickets each season a diverse group of low-income, senior and at-risk individuals.

Year-long Elementary School Partnerships
The various elements of the program are designed to give students multiple dance and movement experiences.  These include:
Two interactive lecture/demonstrations in their own facility
An on-site performance for the entire school that will reinforce concepts from the periods of time discussed in the history presentation
Two in-depth residencies designed to enhance and support the school's specific curricular priorities
Two performances where students are bussed to a theatre

Ongoing experiences with Ballet Nouveau Colorado professional artists and teachers encourage students to think more critically about the art they see, be more willing to participate in artistic activities, and learn through non-traditional modalities.

References

External links

 Wonderbound on Facebook
 Wonderbound on Instagram

Reviews
 Ballet Nouveau Colorado's latest offering ambitious, but mixed (Apr. 21 2010)
 Ballet Nouveau Colorado lunges into the abstract with piece by Lauri Stallings (Apr. 16, 2010)
 Broomfield-based Ballet Nouveau serving up 'Nutcracker' for holiday treat (Dec. 9, 2009)
 Ballet Nouveau Colorado has a winner with "Pop." (Oct. 1, 2009)
 Bowie and Ballet? Why Not? (Oct. 31, 2008)

Ballet companies in the United States
Ballet schools in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Colorado
1992 establishments in the United States
Performing groups established in 1992
Dance in Colorado
Broomfield, Colorado


Gabriel Jönsson (18 July 1892 – 23 April 1984) was a Swedish author and poet. He is best known for his works inspired by Öresund and farming. He was one of the first members of the Scanian Academy in Sweden.

Early life
Jönsson was born into a Baptist family. His father, Peter, was a seaman, but due to back injuries caused by carrying bricks, he started a trading post in Ålabodarna, and later on the island Hven, Husvik. Jönsson's mother was hired to work at the Husvik store and later married Jönsson's father. Peter Jönsson died in 1901, when Jönsson was 7. At that time he had two brothers and one sister.

Jönsson’s wish was to become a seaman like his father, but his mother, a businesswoman, wanted him to be educated. She paid for her three sons' education. Jönsson studied first in Helsingborg, at the Högre Allmänna Läroverket "Higher Public Learning Institute" and later at Lund University, although he did not graduate.

Career
He was a journalist at Svenska Dagbladet , Stockholms-Tidningen and Sydsvenska Dagbladet. He wrote many poems from 1920 until 1991. He also wrote two screenplays, Country life and The Girl from Backafall. He received multiple prizes, including The Nine Grand Prix, Sydsvenska Dagbladet's culture prize, Rural Writers' Scholarship and Skane of the year. In 2013 he received a memorial stone on Landskrona's Walk of Fame, inaugurated by King of Sweden Carl XVI Gustaf.

"The Girl from Backafall" ("Flickan från Backafall")
The poem "Vid Vakten" (At the helm) from the book Flaskpost "Message in a bottle" (1920) was turned into a popular song in Sweden "Flickan från Backafall" (The girl from Backafall) by Gunnar Turesson and is today a signature song of the island Hven, where Backafall is located. Backafall translated to English means "falling slope" and is a reference to the area between the white church on the island of Hven's west side and small harbor of the same name below.

The song describes a young seaman in the Caribbean on a long voyage, longing for his girlfriend waiting for him at home.

Published works

1920 Flaskpost (Message in a bottle)
1927 Årsringar (Year rings)
1935 Skånska somrar, Bonniers (Scanian Summers)
1936 Mina skepp (My ships)
1941 Kustland (Coastland)
1944 Skånehistorier (Scanian stories)
1946 Himmel och blandsäd (Heaven and wheet)
1948 Diktens Skåne (Poetry of Scania)
1952 Dikter (Poetry)
1954 Än sjunger Öresund (The Sound is still singing)
1956 Min strand (My beach)
1964 Skåne i kameraögat (Scania in the camera eye)
1975 Minnen från kustlandet och betland (Memories from coastland and sugarbetland)
1978 Ung mellan backar och böljor, Bernces (Young between hills and vawes)
1980 Porträtt och Poesier, Bernces (Portretts and Poetry)
1991 Fotboll är också poesi, Förlagsband Förlaga Viken (Soccer is also poetry)

Prizes and awards
1954 De Nios Stora Pris (The Nine Society's Big Price)
1956 Sydsvenska Dagbladets Kulturpris (The South Swedish Daily Newspaper's Price of Culture)
1971 Landsbygdens författarstipendium (Rural author scholarship)
1977 Årets skåning (Scanian of the year)
2013 He got a memorial stone on Landskronas Walk of Fame which was inaugurated by the Swedish king Carl XVI Gustaf.

Family
Jönsson was married to Anna-Margareta, called "Annika" (1903-1991). They are buried together at Glumslöv's cemetery.

References

Sources
Karin Karlsson (1977) Bernces, Malmö, Sångaren vid Öresund "The singer by the Sound",

External links

1892 births
1984 deaths
Swedish poets
Swedish male poets
20th-century Swedish poets
20th-century Swedish male writers


Freire is a Chilean town and commune in Cautín Province, Araucanía Region. According to the 2012 census, the commune population was 21,750 and has an area of .

The town of Freire lies at the junction of Chile Highway 5 and the Route CH-199, which links Freire with Villarrica and Pucón.

Demographics
According to the 2017 census of Population and Housing by the National Statistics Institute (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas or INE) Freire had 25,514 inhabitants; of these, 10,979 (38.9%) lived in urban areas and 20,531 (92.1%) in rural areas. At that time, there were 17,670 men and 16,560 women. The population grew by 10.9% (2,517 persons) between the 2012 and 2017 censuses.

Administration
As a commune, Freire is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2021-2025 alcalde is Luis Armando Arias Lopez, and the council has the following members:
 Luis García Friz
 Luis Marchant Morales
 Sebastian Daniel Rojas Rivera
 Yanina Barría Rojas
 Patricio Ríos González
 José Oñate Orias

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Freire is represented in the Chamber of Deputies as a part of the 23rd electoral district (together with Cholchol, Temuco, Padre Las Casas, Nueva Imperial, Carahue, Cunco, Puerto Saavedra, Teodoro Schmidt, Pitrufquén, Nueva Toltén, Gorbea, Loncoche, Villarrica, Pucón, Curarrehue). The commune is represented in the Senate as part of the 11th senatorial constituency (Araucanía-South).

References

External links
   Municipality of Freire

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Cautín Province
1895 establishments in Chile


Bandari F.C. may refer to one of two African football clubs:
Bandari F.C. (Kenya), a team in the Kenyan Premier League
Bandari F.C. (Tanzania), a team in the Tanzanian Premier League


Oxobacter is a genus of Gram-positive obligately anaerobic rod-shaped acetogenic bacteria. The sole species in the genus is Oxobacter pfennigii, formerly known as Clostridium pfennigii. This endospore-forming microorganism catabolizes pyruvate to acetate and CO2, while sugars and amino acids  are not utilized as energy sources.

References

Clostridiaceae
Monotypic bacteria genera
Bacteria genera


The 1938 Oxford by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Oxford, held on 27 October 1938. The by-election was triggered when Robert Croft Bourne, the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament died on 7 August 1938. He had served as MP for the constituency since a 1924 by-election.

Background

On 29 September 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain had signed the Munich Agreement, handing over the Sudetenland to German control. This issue polarised British politics at the time, with many Labour supporters, Liberals, and some Conservatives strongly opposed to this policy of appeasement. Many by-elections in the autumn of 1938 were fought around this issue, including this one and also the Bridgwater by-election, three weeks later, where Liberals and Labour again united in support of an Independent anti-appeasement candidate.

Candidates

The Liberal Party had selected Ivor Davies, a 23-year-old graduate of Edinburgh University, despite the fact that he was the candidate for Central Aberdeenshire at the same time. The Labour Party selected Patrick Gordon Walker, who had contested the seat at the 1935 general election.

On 13 September, Davies offered to stand down from the by-election if Labour did the same and backed a Popular Front candidate against the Conservatives. Eventually, Gordon Walker reluctantly stood down and both parties supported Sandy Lindsay, who was the Master of Balliol, as an Independent Progressive.

On 14 September, the Conservatives selected Quintin Hogg, who was a fellow of All Souls and a former President of the Oxford Union Society.

Campaign

The campaign was intense and focused almost entirely on foreign affairs. Hogg supported Chamberlain's appeasement policy. Lindsay opposed appeasement; his campaigners used the slogan "A vote for Hogg is a vote for Hitler."

Lindsay was supported by many dissident Conservatives such as Harold Macmillan who were opposed to the Munich Agreement. A number of future politicians such as Edward Heath and Roy Jenkins, at the University of Oxford at the time, cut their teeth in the Michaelmas campaign.

In popular culture
A 1988 TV drama-documentary A Vote for Hitler dramatized the events surrounding the by-election, and included interviews with Denis Healey and Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford, who had campaigned for Labour during the election, and Quintin Hogg, by then Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone. Actors played their younger versions and included John Woodvine as Lindsay, and James Coombes as Richard Crossman.

The by-election forms the basis of part 'XIV' of poet Louis MacNeice's masterwork, Autumn Journal, which he wrote in the autumn of 1938 strongly influenced by the shadow of impending war. The persona in part 'XIV' apparently campaigns for Lindsay: "use your legs and leave a blank for Hogg / And put a cross for Lindsay".

Result

The intensive campaign caused turnout to increase from 67.3% at the last election to 76.3%. Hogg won the seat with a reduced majority of 3,434 or 12.2%.

Notwithstanding his pro-appeasement campaign, Hogg would subsequently vote against Neville Chamberlain in the Norway Debate of May 1940.

References

1938 in England
1938 elections in the United Kingdom
Elections in Oxford
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Oxfordshire constituencies
20th century in Oxford


Robert Peter Lipski (born July 7, 1938) is a former Major League Baseball catcher. Originally signed by the Philadelphia Phillies in , he was drafted from them by the Cleveland Indians in the  rule 5 draft. He played in just two games for them in , going hitless in one at bat, before being returned to the Phillies, ending his major league career.

Following his baseball career, Lipski, married, had two children, and worked as a Pennsylvania State Trooper in his hometown of Scranton, Pennsylvania.

External links

Major League Baseball catchers
Cleveland Indians players
Tampa Tarpons (1957–1987) players
Des Moines Demons players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Arkansas Travelers players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Jacksonville Suns players
Vancouver Mounties players
York White Roses players
Baseball players from Scranton, Pennsylvania
1938 births
Living people


Artemisia suksdorfii is a North American species of sagebrush in the sunflower family. It is known by the common names coastal mugwort, coastal wormwood, and Suksdorf sagewort.  It is native to coastal regions from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California as far south as Sonoma County, with isolated populations on Santa Catalina Island in Los Angeles County.

Artemisia suksdorfii grows in coastal drainages and other habitat near the ocean. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing many erect stems one half to two meters in height. The unbranched stems are brownish and have woody bases. The leaves are narrow and lobed, green and hairless on top and white and woolly underneath. The inflorescence is generally spike-like, up to 30 centimeters long and a few wide. It contains many clusters of small flower heads with shiny yellow-green phyllaries and yellow disc and pistillate florets. The fruit is a tiny achene less than a millimeter long.

The species is named for German-American botanist Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf (1850-1932).

References

External links

Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Artemisia suksdorfii
UC Photos gallery: Artemisia suksdorfii
Turner Photographics, Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest
Paul Slichter, Mugworts, Sageworts and Wormwoods: The Genus Artemisia West of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington, Suksdorf's Sagewort, Coastal Mugwort, Coastal Wormwood, Artemisia suksdorfii
Pollen Library

suksdorfii
Flora of British Columbia
Flora of California
Flora of Oregon
Flora of Washington (state)
Natural history of the Channel Islands of California
Plants described in 1841
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


The 2010 Memorial Cup was a four-team round-robin format tournament played during May 14–23, 2010 in Brandon, Manitoba. It was the 92nd annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). The Western Hockey League (WHL) announced on October 15, 2008, that the Brandon Wheat Kings were chosen to host the event at the Keystone Centre. Other tournament participants included the Windsor Spitfires, champions of the OHL, the Moncton Wildcats, champions of the QMJHL and the Calgary Hitmen, champions of the WHL. The Spitfires went 4–0 in the tournament, defeating Brandon 9–1 in the championship to claim their second straight Memorial Cup title.

Potential hosts
The Brandon Wheat Kings, Everett Silvertips and Kelowna Rockets submitted applications to host the 2010 MasterCard Memorial Cup. Bid presentations took place on October 15, 2008 in Calgary, Alberta. The decision to award the hosting of the 2010 MasterCard Memorial Cup to Brandon was made by a majority vote of the WHL Board of Governors.

Just prior to the August application deadline, both the province of Manitoba and City of Brandon brought forth a combined $5,000,000 (CAD) in improvements to the Keystone Centre, in an effort to boost the Wheat Kings' chances at becoming host.

Round-robin standings

Schedule
All times local (UTC −6)

Round robin

Semi-final

Final

Statistical leaders

Skaters

GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes

Goaltending

This is a combined table of the top goaltenders based on goals against average and save percentage with at least sixty minutes played. The table is sorted by GAA.

GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; SA = Shots against; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; SV% = Save percentage; SO = Shutouts; TOI = Time on ice (minutes:seconds)

Rosters

Brandon Wheat Kings (Host)
Head coach: Kelly McCrimmon

Calgary Hitmen (WHL)
Head coach:Mike Williamson

Windsor Spitfires (OHL)
Head coach:  Bob Boughner

Moncton Wildcats (QMJHL)
Head coach: Danny Flynn

Awards
Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy (MVP) – Taylor Hall (Windsor Spitfires)
Ed Chynoweth Trophy (Leading Scorer) – Taylor Hall (Windsor Spitfires)
George Parsons Trophy (Sportsmanlike) – Toni Rajala (Brandon Wheat Kings)
Hap Emms Memorial Trophy (Top Goalie) – Martin Jones (Calgary Hitmen)
All-Star Team:
Goaltender: Martin Jones (Calgary Hitmen)
Defence: Travis Hamonic (Brandon Wheat Kings), Cam Fowler (Windsor Spitfires)
Forwards: Taylor Hall (Windsor Spitfires), Jimmy Bubnick (Calgary Hitmen), Matt Calvert (Brandon Wheat Kings)

Road to the Cup

OHL playoffs

QMJHL playoffs

WHL playoffs

Media coverage
All of the tournaments' games were televised throughout Canada on Rogers Sportsnet and in the United States on the NHL Network. The Brandon Sun, Brandon's local daily newspaper, covered the entire tournament in print as well as online.

References

External links
 Memorial Cup
 Canadian Hockey League

Memorial Cup tournaments
Memorial Cup 2010
Mem
2010 in Manitoba
May 2010 sports events in North America


Ada M. Fisher (October 21, 1947 – October 7, 2022) was an American physician from Salisbury, North Carolina, and a frequent Republican candidate for office. She challenged incumbent Mel Watt in North Carolina's 12th Congressional district in 2004 and 2006. Fisher said that she would like to be the first black Republican female elected to Congress; however, Mia Love actually became the first black Republican female elected to Congress.

A life member of the NAACP and a lifelong Republican, Fisher was the Republican National Committeewoman for the state of North Carolina.

Early life and education
Born on October 21, 1947, Fisher was the daughter of Rev. Miles Mark Fisher of Durham, North Carolina, himself the son of a former slave and his Seminole Indian wife. Rev. Fisher was also a Republican, as was her grandfather, who was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation when he was ten years old. Fisher attended Durham public schools, graduating from Hillside High School with honors. She then graduated from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro with a degree in biology.

Fisher went on to earn her medical degree from the University of Wisconsin and a master's in public health from Johns Hopkins University.

Fisher converted to Judaism.

Career
Upon receiving her medical degree, Fisher participated in a residency at the University of Rochester in family medicine.  She later ran a rural North Carolina health clinic and a 16-county substance abuse program. In addition, she worked for two Fortune 500 companies, including medical director for Amoco in Chicago. Before retiring in 2000 due to a leg disability, Fisher served as Chief of Occupational Health Services at the W.G. "Bill" Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Salisbury.

In addition to being a physician, Fisher was licensed as a secondary teacher in mathematics and science.

Elected office
Fisher was a former member of the board of education for the Rowan–Salisbury School System. In addition, she had served on the boards of trustees of Barber-Scotia College (in Concord) and Preservation NC.

At the 2008 North Carolina Republican Party state convention, held at the Joseph Koury Convention Center in Greensboro, Fisher was elected as the National Republican Committeewoman for North Carolina. Running against the incumbent, establishment candidate Mary Frances Forrester, wife of state Sen. Jim Forrester, Fisher's win was viewed as a surprise, underdog victory. Fisher was re-elected in 2012, again defeating Forrester.

As of the end of 2008, Fisher was one of three African Americans on the RNC. She endorsed Katon Dawson for RNC chairman that year. Fisher later called for the winner of the RNC race, Michael S. Steele, to resign after less than two months in office.

Campaigns
Fisher ran for the United States Senate in 2002 in the Republican primary against Elizabeth Dole, who went on to win the general election; Fisher placed fourth in a field of seven Republican candidates. Fisher protested during the campaign that she was not allowed to participate in television forums featuring only two of the Republican candidates, and after the election, she filed a complaint regarding Dole's residency requirement.

Fisher ran against incumbent Congressman Mel Watt of the North Carolina's 12th congressional district in 2004. In 2004, Watt won with 67% of the vote, with Fisher gaining 60% of the vote in more Republican Davidson County. Fisher raised $400,000 to oppose Watt in 2006, with most of the money spent on direct mail; she said the national Republican Party had not given her "one dime of support," but local organizations were supportive. In 2008, Fisher told Talking Points Memo that the fundraising organization she had hired had given her back only $30,000 of the $400,000 she had raised in the cycle, directing the rest to its affiliated private vendors, in what echoed previous complaints listed at TPM.

In 2006, Fisher ran against Watt for the second time. He claimed that Watt ignored his constituents at the expense of travel related to his chairmanship of the Congressional Black Caucus. Fisher's campaign theme was "Get a Doctor in the House" and she recommended a "prescription" composed of ten platform planks. Fisher said that she had put 73,000 miles on her car traveling the six counties of the 12th District for her campaign.

Fisher ran for the North Carolina General Assembly from North Carolina's 77th House district in 2018. She lost the election to Lorene T. Coates.

Political views

Fisher wrote in The North Carolina Conservative that the Republican Party had a long history of black candidates for office, including the first black senator Hiram Revels and the first black congressman, Joseph Rainey, and four of the first six black senators. Fisher continued: "In the rush to find fault while looking for a rightward turn, people forget that it was the Democrats who brought in poll taxes which kept us from voting; were behind the Jim Crow laws which separated us into white and colored; vigorously supported the Ku Klux Klan; and kept us out of their party and from unions and opportunities dictating a say in the course of our lives... The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson took on segregation but, in so doing to some, possibly undermined the social fabric of an independent people in its push for a safety net, which abolished individual responsibility and accountability for behavior and actions."

Fisher mentioned that George W. Bush brought a level of diversity to his cabinet "like no other," mentioning Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, Rod Paige, and Alphonso Jackson. She noted in 2006, "No administration had previously had more than two African-Americans in such significant Cabinet-level positions."

Fisher supported a flat tax, small businesses ("many of which started in our communities"), gun rights ("which [have] often made a difference in the African-American community's security"), and expanded education options. She opposed gay marriage (once saying, "Marriage ought to be between one man and one woman at one time, and I'm still waiting.") She opposed spending out of the Social Security Trust Fund ("I like the lock box").

Fisher was in favor of tort reform for medical malpractice lawsuits and a free enterprise system of health care: "If you socialize medicine, you will lose the creativity and innovation that brings us new drugs and new treatments. You'll also stifle physician choice and opportunities in medicine."

Fisher did not support open borders for reasons of national security, nor did she support illegal immigration to the United States or language accommodations for driver's licenses for those who do not speak English. She called President Bush's guest worker proposals "amnesty" that will depress wages for Americans: "It is not correct to say undocumented workers do jobs, which Americans won't do. If these jobs were required to pay minimum wages there are thousands of out of work people who would be glad to fill them. It should not be lost on the American public that the number of unskilled Americans out of work approximates the number of illegal residents in this country. Exploiting illegal residents ultimately depresses wages for everyone." Fisher continued, "As a black woman, I will never support any provision to relax borders with Mexico when we keep turning Haitians away and sending them back to situations we know are equally bad if not worst... granddaughter of a free African boy who was made a slave on reaching these shores and granddaughter of his Seminole Indian wife, I am mad that my peoples were stripped of our cultures and languages to improve this nation and now see others advance with minimum standards set for their citizenship as they become our new underclass."

To stem illegal immigration, Fisher proposed random checks on companies known to hire illegal workers, fines and penalties for companies found guilty, deportation of illegal workers, adoption of tamper-proof photo visas for non-citizens entering the United States. She believed money sent to Mexico to compensate Social Security taxes paid by illegal workers (the Social Security Totalization Agreement) should instead be given to states whose social services are strapped from illegal immigration, and the United States should commence oil drilling in Mexico, helping Mexicans find jobs and business profits while helping to solve the United States' energy needs. Fisher also believed national standards for driver's licenses should be invoked, as well as voter identification cards.

In August 2008, she emailed a link to a YouTube video of rearranged clips of President Barack Obama "indulging the darkest conspiracy theories about himself."  She wrote "This tape should be investigated and verified. I am not an expert on tapes but if this isn't doctored we have a constitutional issue of humongous proportions to deal with."

Personal life and death
She never married but adopted two sons, who are now adults. She died on October 7, 2022, two weeks before her 75th birthday.

References

External links
 Official campaign website

1947 births
2022 deaths
African-American people in North Carolina politics
African-American women in politics
African-American Jews
University of North Carolina at Greensboro alumni
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health alumni
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health alumni
Politicians from Durham, North Carolina
North Carolina Republicans
School board members in North Carolina
Women in North Carolina politics
African-American physicians
American primary care physicians
Physicians from North Carolina
Republican National Committee members
Activists from North Carolina
Hillside High School (Durham, North Carolina) alumni
Converts to Judaism
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women


Tiarks may refer to:

 Frank Cyril Tiarks, British banker
 Geoffrey Lewis Tiarks, Bishop of Maidstone, England
 Henrietta Joan Tiarks, Dowager Duchess of Bedford, England
 Johann Ludwig Tiarks, German astronomer in British service, who surveyed the Canada–United States border in the 19th century
 John Tiarks, Anglican churchman


KLIZ-FM (107.5 FM, "The Power Loon") is a classic rock music formatted radio station serving the Brainerd Lakes area from Brainerd, Minnesota. Its owner is Hubbard Broadcasting, Inc.

KLIZ-FM is a sister station to KVBR 1340 (Business News/Talk), KLIZ 1380 (Sports), KBLB 93.3 (Country), KUAL-FM 103.5 (Oldies), WJJY-FM 106.7 (Adult Contemporary). All are located at 13225 Dogwood Drive, Baxter.

Hubbard Broadcasting announced on November 13, 2014, that it would purchase the Omni Broadcasting stations, including KLIZ-FM. The sale was completed on February 27, 2015, at a purchase price of $8 million for the 16 stations and one translator.

References

External links
KLIZ The Power Loon

Radio stations in Minnesota
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1960
1960 establishments in Minnesota
Hubbard Broadcasting


Avraham Ravitz (, 13 January 1934 – 26 January 2009) was an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for Degel HaTorah, which forms part of the United Torah Judaism alliance.

Biography
Avraham Ravitz was born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era. He studied at Hebron Rabbinical College, served in the Lehi, and later in the IDF. Ravitz was married to Avigayil, with whom he had 12 children. He lived in the Bayit VeGan neighborhood of Jerusalem. In January 2009, he was hospitalized at Hadassah Ein Kerem Hospital in Jerusalem due to heart problems. He died on January 26, 2009.

Political career
Ravitz was first elected to the Knesset in 1988, and in June 1990, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Housing and Construction. Although he lost his seat in the 1992 elections, Yitzhak Peretz resigned three days into the new Knesset term, and Ravitz replaced him. He retained his seat in elections in 1996 and 1999. When Ariel Sharon formed a new government in 2001, Ravitz was appointed Deputy Minister of Education. He was re-elected in 2003, and in March 2005, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Welfare and Social Services. He retained his seat again in the 2006 election.

In November 2008, Ravitz announced that he was leaving politics, although he planned to continue to serve as Degel HaTorah chairman.

References

External links
My Shabbat dinner with Rabbi Avraham Ravitz, Gideon Levy, Haaretz

1934 births
2009 deaths
Betar members
Degel HaTorah politicians
Deputy ministers of Israel
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
Haredi rabbis in Israel
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
Members of the 12th Knesset (1988–1992)
Members of the 13th Knesset (1992–1996)
Members of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)
Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–2009)
Politicians from Tel Aviv
Rabbinic members of the Knesset
United Torah Judaism politicians
Burials at Har HaMenuchot


Heiloo is a railway station in Heiloo, Netherlands. The station opened on 1 May 1867. The station is on the Den Helder–Amsterdam railway.

Train services
, the following services call at Heiloo:
2× per hour intercity service Den Helder - Alkmaar - Amsterdam - Utrecht - Arnhem - Nijmegen
2× per hour local service (sprinter) Hoorn - Alkmaar - Uitgeest - Haarlem - Amsterdam

Bus services

External links
NS website
Dutch public transport travel planner

Railway stations in North Holland
Railway stations opened in 1867
Railway stations on the Staatslijn K
Heiloo
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1860s


Sacred Heart Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Bathurst, New Brunswick, Canada.

The parish was founded in 1881. It became a cathedral in 1938 when the Diocese of Chatham was moved to Bathurst.

References

External links
Diocese of Bathurst

Roman Catholic cathedrals in New Brunswick
Buildings and structures in Bathurst, New Brunswick


Eric Hendrik Louw (1890–1968) was a South African diplomat and politician. He served as the Minister of Finance from 1954 to 1956, and as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1955 to 1963.

Early life
He was born in Jacobsdal in the Orange Free State on 21 November 1890 to a Boer family. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree at the then Victoria College, Stellenbosch. He went on to qualify as an advocate at Rhodes University College; Grahamstown, where he also practised. In 1915, when his father died at Beaufort West, he took over the business interests. In Beaufort West, Louw was a member of the chamber of commence.

Louw became active in protesting against Jewish immigration to South Africa, depicting the East European Jewish immigrants as scheming and dishonest merchants who were driving the Afrikaner families into poverty. Like many other Afrikaner nationalists at the time, he saw die volk ("the people" as the Afrikaners liked to call Afrikanerdom) as under threat from a number of perceived enemies. Throughout his life, opposition to Jewish immigration was the leitmotiv of his career. A very short man who appeared to have a Napoleon complex, Louw was intensely ambitious and saw himself as a future prime minister. His picture of die volk as under threat from the Jewish immigrants was at least in part a gambit to build a following to allow him to be prime minister.

Politician and diplomat
In 1924 he was elected to the House of Assembly as MP for Beaufort West, and the following year became South Africa's first Trade Commissioner in the US and Canada. In 1929 he became High Commissioner in London and a year later South Africa's first envoy to the United States. Louw, a republican Afrikaner nationalist had stormy relations with the British during his time as high commissioner, accounting for his short term as he was appointed high commissioner in March 1929 and had resigned by November 1929, stating it was simply impossible for him to work with British officials. Louw's resignation was a great relief not only to himself, but also to the British officials who were glad to see him gone. Louw was replaced as high commissioner by Charles te Water, a diplomat of similar views, but considerably more suave and sophisticated than Louw as well more patient as te Water was willing to wait for the right time to proclaim South Africa a republic.

After he had represented his country in Italy, France and Portugal and had been South Africa's first representative to the League of Nations, he returned to South Africa for political reasons. During his time in Paris, despite his belief in white supremacy, Louw was cordial enough when speaking to black French people at various balls and parties, apparently out of a desire not to create an incident which would cause unfavorable coverage of South Africa in the French press. Like all the other South African diplomats in Europe, Louw objected very strongly to the recruitment of black Africans into the French Army. Most of Louw's time in Paris was spent lobbying fruitlessly against the French concept of la force noire ("the black force"), arguing that the French Army should not be arming Africans. As the South African minister-plenipotentiary in Paris, Louw advocated very strongly against accepting Jewish refugees into South Africa. Louw was in close contact with Stefanus Gie, the very pro-Nazi South African minister-plenipotentiary in Berlin, who shared his antisemitism.

In January 1936, Louw submitted to the South African prime minister General J.B.M. Hertzog a "Memorandum on European Emigration To South Africa" that was co-signed by himself; Gie; te Water; Wilhelm Heymans, the minister-plenipotentiary in Rome; and Hermann van Broekhuizen, the minister-plenipotentiary in The Hague. The memo is more commonly known as the "te Water Memorandum" as te Water was the best known South African diplomat in the world at the time, but in fact Louw wrote most of the memo. The memo warned that South Africa was on the verge of receiving a massive number of European Jews, which the document stated were of "...a type in question that does not inspire confidence. Can South Africa without detriment and even danger to its national interests continue to allow its commerce and related vocations to be fed by recruits of this type from overseas?" The memo ended with the warning that continuing Jewish immigration would affect "the future racial, social and economic structures of White South Africa", and advised ending Jewish immigration at once.

In 1938 he was again elected Member of Parliament for Beaufort West for the Purified National Party. Hermann Bohle, the father of Ernst Wilhelm Bohle, the chief of the Overseas Office of the NSDAP, wrote after meeting Louw in an evaluation for the Auswärtiges Amt that he was "the so-called Streicher of South Africa", the leader of the militantly anti-Semitic wing of the Purified National Party. Bohle wrote with disgust that Louw had written to Hertzog asking to be reappointed to his post as "minister in Paris" in case he lost the election. Bohle concluded his evaluation with a clear distaste for Louw: "This lack of character is typically South African, hence in Germany, one should have little faith in all South Africans, and only allow oneself to be guided by absolute facts". In a 1939 speech in Parliament, Louw stated about the Danzig crisis: "I am convinced that if it were possible to remove Jewish influence and pressure from the press and from the news agencies, the international outlook would be considerably brighter than it is today."

During the Second World War he was, like most of his party, pro-Nazi. Besides for being a member of the National Party, Louw was also a member of the fascist Ossewabrandwag (OB), serving on the Ossewabrandwag'''s provincial committee for the Cape province. In a 1940 speech in Beaufort West, Louw stated: "The establishment of the OB will contribute especially to the co-ordination of Afrikanerdom's fighting forces. The Afrikaner struggle is being fought on three fronts-the political front, the economic front and the language and cultural front. All three of these fronts are part of the struggle which it has been waging for a century against powers and influences from without...There must, however, be co-ordination or co-operation between the forces of struggle against all three fronts. The OB offers the means for such co-operation". In another speech in 1940, Louw called for South Africa to become a republic, saying: "Without a doubt radical changes will take part in the political as well as the economic and social spheres. New world conditions have brought to light defects in the democratic system and a certain measure of rot has set in" (emphasis in the original).

In 1945, when a Johannesburg Jewish group stated it was willing to pay the costs to send a delegation of South African MPs to inspect the newly liberated concentration camps of Buchenwald and Dachau, Louw was vehemently opposed to such a tour. Louw suggested that the newsreels and photographs of starving concentration camp survivors were "fake" propaganda designed to discredit Nazi Germany, making such a tour unnecessary in his viewpoint. Louw also argued that the money offered by the Jewish group be better spent republishing Emily Hobhouse's 1927 book War Without Glamour, which he argued documented the horror of the concentration camps that the British created during the Boer War to hold Boer civilians, which he argued was the "real" genocide.

In early 1948, Louw wrote a pamphlet for the National Party entitled Die Kommunistiese Gevaar in Afrikaans and The Communist Danger in English for the coming elections of that year. In the pamphlet, Louw warned that "white Christian civilization" in South Africa was in mortal peril from the South African Communist Party. Louw wrote that Communists were atheists who believed in racial equality and "miscegenation" as he called interracial sex, and argued that a Communist government would be the end of "white Christian civilization". Louw lambasted the South African prime minister Jan Smuts as being blind to the "Communist danger" as he accused Smuts of ignoring the fact that South African blacks were joining the Communist Party. Louw wrote that Smuts was content to "let things develop" instead of banning the South African Communist Party as he wanted. Louw accused Smuts of being a "comrade" of Stalin, quoting extensively from remarks that Smuts had made during World War Two praising Stalin. Louw ended his pamphlet with the call for all South African whites, whatever they be Afrikaners or Anglos, to vote for the National Party.

Minister
When the National Party won the general election in 1948, he was an obvious choice for the cabinet, firstly as Minister of Economic Affairs, then, from 1955, as Minister of Finance and from 1957 as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was best known as South Africa's representative at UNO, Commonwealth and other overseas conferences. Between 1948 and 1962 he represented South Africa at UNO on eight occasions. Previously, South African prime ministers had acted as their own foreign ministers, and Louw was the first South African foreign minister in his own right. Through Louw could be charming when he wanted to be, he was well known as a combative man with an explosive temper who was widely disliked within the South African diplomatic corps. Louw was told by the prime minister J. G. Strijdom to "breathe fire and enthusiasm" into the foreign ministry, which he proceeded to do. The historians' James Barber and John Barratt wrote: "For the first time, there was a foreign minister and a forceful one, responsible for foreign affairs, who was backed by an expanding department staffed by able men".

Louw attached an especial importance to relations with the United States. By the time he became foreign minister, American investment was growing at the expense of British investment as the principal source of foreign capital, which was welcomed by the Afrikaner nationalists as a way to reduce British influence in South Africa. Louw was very concerned by criticism of South Africa within the United States and one of his first acts was to increase the budget for the foreign ministry's information service, which was responsible for South Africa's image abroad. Louw also hired six Madison Avenue advertising agencies to run ad campaigns depicting South Africa as a benevolent society whose apartheid system worked for the mutual benefit of both blacks and whites. Louw also hired the Films of the Nation Inc, a maker of short educational films to make a series of documentaries that portrayed South Africa as a happy nation. To apply pressure on Capital Hill, Louw hired the lobbying firms of Dow, Lohnes & Albertson and Krock-Erwin Associates to lobby both houses of Congress for South Africa.

Noboth Mokgatle, a black South African anti-apartheid activist described Louw as having a "fascist frame of mind" as he was one of the leaders of the extreme right-wing National Party committed to upholding white supremacy in South Africa. Mokgate recalled that Louw was utterly against black South Africans being recruited into the South African Army, ostensibly because Louw claimed that blacks were uncapable of being soldiers, but in reality because he did not want black men to have access to guns. Louw paid a visit to the Belgian Congo (the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo) and at the airport in Leopoldville (modern Kinshasa) was greeted by an all-black honor guard of the Force Publique. Mokgate used the photograph of Louw inspecting the honor guard in Leopoldville in one of his speeches, saying "Look at the cheat and hypocritic Eric Louw". Mokgate added: "You Europeans have allowed yourselves to be misled by him...This picture in the newspapers is an admission he has been telling you lies". Mokgate argued that if blacks were competent to serve in the Force Publique, then there was no reason why black men should be excluded from the South African Army. Louw's anti-Semitism made his elevation to the cabinet a matter of much concern to the South African Jewish community who unsuccessfully lobbied to have Louw kept out of the cabinet.

At the 1957 Commonwealth conference, Louw met Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, the first of the British colonies in black Africa to become independent. Through Nkrumah was an icon of Pan-African nationalism and of Black pride, he agreed with Louw that the Commonwealth conference was an "inappropriate" venue for discussing apartheid. Despite expectations, Louw and Nkrumah got along well as the two men were both nationalists who struggled against Britain in various ways and both agreed on the "danger of Communism". In 1958, Nkrumah tried to establish diplomatic relations between Accra and Pretoria, only to be rebuffed by Louw who did not want a black high commissioner in Pretoria who would be formally his equal at diplomatic functions. Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd who became the South African prime minister in 1958 felt that South Africa already made concessions by establishing diplomatic relations with Egypt and the Republic of China (Taiwan) and was willing to allow diplomatic relations with India and Pakistan if those nations were willing to establish diplomatic ties, but was adamantly against having diplomatic relations with any black African nation. South Africa's relations with the Republic of China were stained in the 1950s-1960s owing to the blatantly discriminatory policies pursued against the Chinese South African minority who like the Indo-South Africans were classified as belonging to the Asian legal category under apartheid while relations with Egypt were broken off in 1961. It was a major issue in Taiwan-South Africa relations that the Orange Free State, one of the four provinces of South Africa, did not allow any Asians onto its soil owing to a law passed in 1885 which was not repealed until 1986.

He had a major impact on Canadian relations when he met with the Prime Minister of Canada John Diefenbaker at the 1957 and 1958 Commonwealth conferences. Diefenbaker had asked Louw to give some voting privileges to coloured people (under apartheid, "colored people" were a legal category consisting of people of mixed race descent-the term "coloured people" did not refer to black people). Louw refused as he maintained that Canada did not even allow their Native population the right to vote. Louw was only partially correct; since 1876, non-status Canadian Indians who lived off the reservations had been allowed to vote and hold office, but status Indians who lived on the reservations were disfranchised. In the 1958 federal Canadian election this was an election issue and Diefenbaker passed the Canadian Bill of Right and modified the Citizenship and Indian Act to give full citizenship to status Indians in Canada. These laws were changed in 1959. These changes made it harder for Canada to say no to the forcing the expulsion/withdrawal of South Africa from the Commonwealth.

On 30 October 1958, the American delegation at the United Nations for first time ever voted for a general assembly resolution condemning apartheid. Louw was extremely unhappy about the American vote and vented his fury at the American ambassador to South Africa, Henry Byroade. Louw charged that it was only because of domestic pressure from Afro-American groups that led to the American vote for the resolution, an accusation that Byroade did not attempt to deny. Byroade told Louw that it could "hardly be denied that our problems at home had made people more aware of and think about racial problems than in the years of the recent past".

Louw was at the 1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference on behalf of the then Prime Minister of South Africa, H.F. Verwoerd. As Minister of Foreign Affairs he assisted the Prime Minister, Dr HF Verwoerd, at the historic Commonwealth conference in London in 1961 when South Africa withdrew her membership. At the 1961 session of the United Nations, Louw represented South Africa when he became involved in stormy debates with the Indian delegation who objected to the treatment of the Indo-South African population under apartheid. Louw had a reputation as a "hard man", and in his speeches at the UN were noted for their virulent tone as he aggressively defended apartheid. Louw's speeches before the UN General Assembly claiming that the United Nations did not have the right to discuss apartheid ended in defeat with the 45 nations voting for the Indian motion to discuss apartheid; 8 nations abstained from the vote; and only Australia, Belgium, France, Portugal, and Luxembourg voted with South Africa in maintaining that apartheid was an internal South African matter. At the UN Security Council, an Indian motion calling apartheid a danger to the peace of Africa was passed 9 votes to zero with both Britain and France abstaining from the vote.

In October 1961, while at the United Nations, Louw was involved in a violent debate on the floor of the UN General Assembly with the delegations from a number of black African nations about the merits of apartheid. Time magazine reported that Louw's speech on the UN floor was "a provocative whitewash of his country's apartheid policy". His thesis was summed by Time as: "South Africa's rigidly repressed blacks are actually enjoying blissful freedom and enlightened education". Louw argued that the criticism of South Africa from the Soviet delegation was spurious because the Soviet Union "conveniently ignores conditions existing in Hungary and in the Soviet Union's occupied or colonial territories." Louw depicted the newly independent African nations as falling into the Soviet sphere of influence, saying: "The ruler of Ghana is flirting with Moscow and Peking. Guinea, soon after being given its independence, promptly became a disciple of Moscow. Mali appears to be going the same way." Louw argued that criticism of apartheid from the delegations from the two oldest black African nations, Liberia and Ethiopia, was invalid as he claimed that living conditions in both Liberia and Ethiopia were "appalling". He mocked the African states for their poverty, noting that the total promised contribution of black African states towards the UN's budget was 2% of the total budget for 1961 and that most of the sums had not been paid."

In a motion to censure Louw issued by the Liberian ambassador Henry Ford Cooper passed on the floor of the general assembly and Louw took much umbrage over the fact that Arieh Eshel, the Israeli ambassador to the UN, had voted for the motion to censure him. Cooper's motion censuring Louw stated that he had given a speech that was "offensive, fictitious and erroneous" on the floor of the UN general assembly. Press coverage of the censure vote was sympatathic towards Louw. Time magazine in its edition of 20 October 1961 condemned the censure of Louw as "...an alarming display of emotionalism and political immaturity" by "Africa's new nations".

In a speech on South African radio, Louw implicitly criticized the South African Jewish community for Israel's vote to censure him, saying that he hoped that those "South Africans who have racial and religious ties to Israel" should "disapprove of the hostile and ungraceful" actions of Israel. Louw's speech with its implication that South African Jews had a duty to criticise Israel and if they did not that they must have dual loyalties threw the South African Jewish community into a state of panic. Simha Pratt, the Israeli ambassador to Pretoria, reported "I saw before me panicky people, gripped by fear and without a backbone" as dozens upon dozens of South African Jews arrived at his office to tell him that Israel's vote at the UN had made life very difficult for them and that Israel must not criticise apartheid'' as Louw was an anti-Semite who always looking for any chance to lash out at the Jewish community. On 31 December 1963 he relinquished his post as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Honours and awards

He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Pretoria in 1962. He was similarly honoured by the University of the Orange Free State in 1963. In 1965 a bronze bust of him by Hennie Potgieter was unveiled at Beaufort West in a school which bore his name until it was amalgamated with Niko Brummer Primary School in 1994. A high school in the town of Musina in Limpopo also bears his name.

Death
Louw died on June 24, 1968, in Cape Town.

Books and articles

References

1890 births
1968 deaths
People from Letsemeng Local Municipality
South African people of Dutch descent
National Party (South Africa) politicians
Foreign ministers of South Africa
Finance ministers of South Africa
Members of the House of Assembly (South Africa)
South African diplomats
Ambassadors of South Africa to France
Ambassadors of South Africa to Italy
Ambassadors of South Africa to Portugal
High Commissioners of South Africa to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors of South Africa to the United States
Permanent Representatives of South Africa to the League of Nations
Holocaust deniers
Ossewabrandwag members


Barclay Edmund Tremaine (April 13, 1839 – January 26, 1907) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Victoria in the House of Commons of Canada from 1875 to 1876 as a Liberal member.

He was born in Port Hood, Nova Scotia, the son of John Lewis Tremaine and Anna Kearny Caroline Dodd. He was educated at the Horton Academy, studied law and was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1862. Tremaine first ran for election to the House of Commons in an 1874 by-election held after William Ross was named customs collector for Halifax, but was defeated by Charles James Campbell. After Campbell's election was appealed, Tremaine won the subsequent by-election held in 1875. The following year, he resigned his seat after being named a county court judge for Cape Breton. He served as a judge until 1888. Tremaine resided in Baddeck and died there at the age of 67.

References

1839 births
1907 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Judges in Nova Scotia
People from Baddeck, Nova Scotia


Fonuafo‘ou ("New land" in Tongan), formerly known as Falcon Island, is a submarine volcano in the western part of the Ha'apai group in Tonga. The volcano has created an island several times throughout history.

It was first spotted by the crew of the British ship HMS Falcon in 1867, while it was still a coral reef. On 11 October 1885, the volcano erupted and spouted tons of molten lava. Three days later, on 14 October 1885, the eruption created an island, which was named Falcon island by the British.

Several eruptions occurred in 1894, 1921, 1927, 1928, 1933 and 1936, consolidating the island and expanding its surface (6 km in diameter,  in height in 1949).

In 1949, another eruption caused the explosion and the collapse of the island, which disappeared underwater. New eruptions were recorded in 1970 and 1993. The volcano of Fonuafo'ou is currently  underwater.

References

Volcanoes of Tonga
Submarine volcanoes
Active volcanoes
Former islands of Tonga


Mystriosuchini, historically known as Pseudopalatinae, is an extinct tribe (formerly subfamily) of derived phytosaurs in the clade Leptosuchomorpha. As with all other phytosaurs, mystriosuchins lived during Late Triassic. The name is derived from the genus Mystriosuchus.

Genera classified in Mystriosuchini include Coburgosuchus, Machaeroprosopus, Mystriosuchus, Nicrosaurus and Redondasaurus. It includes the most ecologically divergent phytosaurs, the terrestrial Nicrosaurus and the fully aquatic Mystriosuchus.

Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram from Stocker (2012):

References

Phytosaurs
Late Triassic first appearances
Late Triassic extinctions


Waldhambach may refer to:
 Waldhambach, Bas-Rhin, France
 Waldhambach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany


Shang Yi (; born 20 January 1979) is Chinese former footballer who played at both professional and international levels, as a midfielder. He is a commentator for Beijing TV Sports Channel.

Career
Born in Tianjin, Shang began his career at Beijing Guoan, spending his entire career there, minus a short spell in Spain with Xerez during the 2003–04 season. While at Xerez, Shang hit the headlines after the club was paid to play him by a "personal sponsor" of the player. He is mainly remembered for scoring a goal versus Cádiz CF, fierce rivals of the club

Shang earned two caps for China in 2000.

Shang became a commentator for Beijing TV Sports Channel after his retirement.

Personal life
Shang Yi married table tennis player Wu Na in 2003. They have a son Shang Juncheng who is a professional tennis player.

Honours
Beijing Guoan
Chinese FA Cup: 2003

References

1979 births
Living people
Chinese men's footballers
Footballers from Tianjin
China men's international footballers
Chinese association football commentators
Chinese Super League players
Beijing Guoan F.C. players
Xerez CD footballers
Chinese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Chinese expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Men's association football midfielders


Asarum hartwegii is a species of wild ginger known by the common name Hartweg's wild ginger.

It is endemic to California, and grows in forest habitat. This is a perennial herb growing from a ginger-scented rhizome which extends vertically deep into the ground. It forms a clump of elaborately white-veined leaves which are heart-shaped to round in shape and coated in curved hairs. Each is borne on a long petiole up to 21 centimeters long. It bears a solitary flower near the ground on a short peduncle. The flower has no petals but three curving, hairy, brownish or maroon sepals which are whitish with red stripes on their inner surfaces. The fruit is a fleshy capsule containing many seeds.

References

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
USDA Plants Profile
Photo gallery

hartwegii
Flora of California
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Waldo Emmerson Sexton  (23 March 1885 – 28 December 1967) was an entrepreneur whose enterprises have attracted visitors to Vero Beach, Florida, since the 1930s and remain of value to the community, industry, tourists, artists, historians and horticulturalists. He was named to the list of Great Floridians by the Florida Department of State for his agricultural contributions.

Biography

Early life
Waldo E. Sexton was born in Shelbyville, Indiana, to Isaac Sexton and Sarah Ann Buckingham. He was the youngest male out of the couple's five children. He was the first man from Morrow Township to attend high school, which he did in the county seat at Shelbyville High School.

After initially attending Indiana University for medicine, Sexton decided becoming a physician was not for him after his first attempt at autopsying a cadaver. He transferred to Purdue University College of Agriculture, where he met John Wheeler. He was initiated into the Indiana Alpha chapter of Phi Delta Theta on September 28, 1906. During college, Sexton sold aluminum cooking utensils and later collected commission off of the sales of the men he recruited, including his first cousin Walter Buckingham in 1909.  Additionally he worked for the university's extension department during the summers and put himself through school.  He also made money by purchasing fraternity pins from local pawn shops and selling them to fraternity members on campus.

After he graduated in 1911, Sexton moved to Barberton, Ohio, and was briefly involved in the rubber industry. Sexton later moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and began working as a traveling salesman for an agricultural tillage equipment supplier, where he met Pittsburgh native and attorney Charles "Charlie" H McKee who was financing the company. In 1913 the family suffered a loss when his brother William Avery Sexton, a police officer in Columbus Ohio, drowned while assisting the town during the
March 13th flood.

Agriculture
His work as a deep tillage machine salesman brought him to the area that would eventually be known as Vero Beach, Florida, in 1914 to perform a demonstration on a local farm. Due to a late arriving expense check from his company, he stayed a few extra days at the Sleepy Eye Lodge which gave him time to get to know the area. He decided to buy a forty-acre tract of land and proceeded to buy the two neighboring 40-acre tracts during the following days. With $500 left in his pocket and at the advice of Dr. Leroy Hutchinson, Sexton limited his initial investment to 120 acres.

That year he took a sales agent position with the Indian River Farms Company. The company was working on excavating the drainage system that drained the wetlands of the area and created prime agricultural land. Sexton was charged with the company's Cleveland, Ohio based office and organized numerous prospect trips via rail car from Cincinnati, Ohio to the area. During this time, Charles H McKee stopped by the area on his way to his Palm Beach honeymoon. He and his wife, Clara, stayed at the Sleepy Eye Lodge where he met Sexton. Before leaving, Charles purchased 1000 acres of land. When he died the following year, his cousin and Cleveland engineer Arthur McKee bought out his holdings.

Considered an independent citrus grower by 1917 for having planted 10,000 trees, he went on to marry Elsebeth Martens the following year in 1918. His citrus related activities included operating a grove maintenance company, a cooperative packinghouse, and founding the Indian River Citrus League. He also started a cattle ranch, dairy farm, and insurance agency and developed three varieties of avocados. That same year, he and business partner Arthur G. McKee purchased 80 acres of hammock land along the Indian River Lagoon that would eventually become the McKee Jungle Garden. The land was initially purchased in an attempt to save the area from development into residential or citrus groves as well as to explore their own collection of rare flora and fauna and test the commercial validity of various plants including ramie and rubber trees.

He started the Oslo Packing Company with his first cousin  Walter Buckingham. The company incorporated in 1920 with Sexton as president and Buckingham as secretary and treasurer.

Tourism and architecture
Sexton's first venture in tourist attractions was the McKee Jungle Gardens, developed on  purchased for planting citrus groves with his business partner, Arthur G. McKee. They decided the landscape was too beautiful to plow under. Operating from 1931 to 1976, the Gardens attracted crowds of 100,000 a year in its prime. In 1932 a reviewer who had toured tropical botanical gardens around the world, including, Peradeniya in Ceylon said he approached his visit "with that secret doubt we conceal before our friends' local enthusiasm. This doubt, however, was quickly resolved." The collection of rare tropical plants framed by native Florida oaks and palms "set an example for conservation and intelligent use of indigenous growth." Landscape architect William Lyman Phillips designed "the exquisite series of waterways and landscapes, including the Cathedral of Palms, 300 royal palms set on a grid. David Fairchild, a friend of Sexton, supplied many exotic plants for this project as well as his own private garden in Miami, The Kampong, now part of the National Tropical Botanical Garden.

In addition to thousands of orchids and lilies, the Mckee Jungle Gardens featured monkeys, alligators, bathing beauties and " the wacky buildings and collections of Waldo E. Sexton, the folk architect and Florida nurseryman. Without an architect or plans, Sexton built and decorated the Hall of Giants and the Spanish Kitchen with cypress milled in Florida, salvaged materials and his bell collection. For the Hall of Giants he located a massive mahogany board  long he had seen at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904 and turned it into a table. The large iron gates came from the demolished Whitehall Hotel in Palm Beach. The Gardens closed in 1976 but reopened on 18 of the original acres as the McKee Botanical Garden in 2001 and is on United States National Register of Historic Places.

Sexton continued creating unusual structures that became local landmarks and attractions. His penchant for wood, wrought iron, tile and collectibles, can still be viewed at his later enterprises in Vero Beach, including the Driftwood Inn and Restaurant, the Ocean Grill, and the Patio restaurant. Although he bought from many sources and sometimes sight unseen by the truckload through contacts, recognizable pieces from Addison Mizner designed Spanish style mansions in Palm Beach continue to attract new visitors. A 2007 article in the Palm Beach News said "...Mizner would no doubt immediately acknowledge the life's work of his kindred spirit and friend, Waldo Sexton, the man who saved what might have been lost forever and who shared his respect for the past and prescience of history's enduring commercial value." The Driftwood Inn is on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

One journalist described the businessman and artist who created such unusual attractions: "Sexton was a man who was not afraid to render an opinion and who never hesitated to embroider a story. He loved martinis and women, bells and thing from the sea, and he possessed a compelling urge to create. Some people called him an irresponsible screwball, an untruth he shrewdly did not deny, knowing that the world loves an eccentric."

Legacy and honors
 Sexton Plaza in Vero Beach, Florida, is named for him.
 Honored for outstanding citizenship in Indian River County with "Waldo Sexton Day" in Vero Beach on 1958.
 Received the Indian River Chapter of American Institute of Architects "1992–1993 Ambiance Award" honoring Waldo's Breezeway, Ocean Grill Restaurant, Patio Restaurant, and Turf Club.
 Driftwood Inn added to the National Registry of Historical Places on August 6, 1994.
 McKee Jungle Gardens added to the National Registry of Historical Places on January 7, 1998.
 Honored in play written and performed by staff at Indian River Charter High School about his contact with African American Poet and Author Zora Neale Hurston in November 2017, January 2018, and January 2019.

See also
List of Great Floridians
McKee Jungle Gardens
Louisiana Purchase Exposition
Vero Beach, Florida
David Fairchild
The Kampong
Botanical Garden of Peradeniya
Addison Mizner

References

External links
2011 Virtual Tour of the Driftwood Resort
2015 Virtual Tour of the Ocean Grill Restaurant

Architects from Florida
Citrus farmers from Florida
1967 deaths
1885 births
People from Shelbyville, Indiana
Purdue University College of Agriculture alumni
People from Vero Beach, Florida


The Pangborn-Herndon Memorial Site is a monument in (present-day) East Wenatchee, Washington, dedicated to Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Herndon, Jr., the two men who made the first non-stop flight across the Pacific Ocean. They departed from Misawa, Japan, on October 4, 1931, and they landed near this site 41 hours later.
The memorial is northeast of East Wenatchee and it consists of a ,  basalt column atop a concrete base. The column is topped by  wings made of aluminum.
This was in an unincorporated area in 1931, but the town of Wenatchee, Washington, was nearby. It was Mr. Pangborn's home town.

References

Sources
Young, Don; Young, Marjorie (1999). Adventure Guide to the Pacific Northwest, Hunter Publishing, Inc.

1968 sculptures
Air transportation on the National Register of Historic Places
Buildings and structures in Douglas County, Washington
Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Douglas County, Washington