The Static Jacks are an American rock band from Westfield, New Jersey, consisting of singer Ian Devaney, guitarist Henry Kaye, guitarist Michael Sue-Poi, and drummer Nick Brennan.

History

Formation (2007–2010)
Devaney, Kaye, and Brennan started playing together their first year of high school for a class project on the Harlem Renaissance. A short time later they began writing songs with some other friends. Each attended separate universities for one semester before leaving to continue playing music together, along with then-bassist Spencer Kimmins. After putting up "guitarist wanted" flyers in local music stores, they received a call from Sue-Poi, who was interested in trying out and allegedly ripped down the flyer so no one else could contact the band.

In the middle of a conversation about how the group wanted someone to produce their next recording, they received an email from Andrew Maury, who had remixed one of their songs for Remix Artist Collective, offering his services as a producer. Music blog "Pop Tarts Suck Toasted" included The Static Jacks in their "Best Newish New Jersey Bands" feature of the Top 10 Jersey Bands Ever in 2009.
Shortly afterwards, in the Spring of 2009, they recorded the Laces EP, setting up a makeshift studio in a local church. After a series of small tours around the Northeast in support of the EP in their parent's cars, the band decided it was time to get a van, and took to busking in New York City parks for money. After several months of this, they had enough money to buy a van, and did so, from an armed man in camouflage pants.

If You're Young and  Spray Tan (2011–2013)
The Static Jacks were signed by Fearless Records in 2011. They spent the next year writing and touring, until early 2012, when they began recording their debut full-length album, If You're Young, with the producer Chris Shaw. The album was recorded at Stratosphere Sound in NYC, owned by Adam Schlesinger of Fountains of Wayne and James Iha of The Smashing Pumpkins, the latter of whom played tambourine on the album's closing track. After about two weeks of caressing the Grammy's that were lying around the office, the album was complete.

On July 25, 2011, TSJ premiered a double A-side single online consisting of "Into the Sun" and "Mercy, Hallelujah".
If You're Young was released August 30, 2012, and the band then began touring extensively around the United States, UK and Europe.

On November 17, 2011, The Static Jacks made their television debut on Fuel TV's The Daily Habit. On December 21, 2011, The Static Jacks appeared on NBC's Last Call with Carson Daly.

Before If You're Young was released, the band had already started work on another EP, with Andrew Maury, entitled Spray Tan. It was recorded at a studio in Jersey City that was built inside an art-storage facility, and owned by high school friend Dan Zavaro. On April 16, a new song from the EP called "Young Guns" was streamed and offered for a free download. After this experience, the band needed no further convincing, and decided Maury would produce their next full length as well. He is currently doing so, with the album being recorded at Retromedia Studio in Red Bank, NJ.

In Blue (2013–2014)
On June 28, 2013, the band announced their new album, "In Blue", would be released on October 1, 2013. They also gave a free download of the song "I'll Come Back." The band have since remained fairly inactive, with their most recent live show in April 2014.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs
Spray Tan (Spring 2012)
Laces (September 15, 2009)
Bridges and Tunnels (Fall 2008)
Sonny Halliday (Fall 2007)

References

External links
 The Static Jacks official website and blog

Indie rock musical groups from New Jersey
Fearless Records artists


Blanche of France (;  – 1 March 1305), a member of the House of Capet, was Duchess of Austria and Styria as consort to the Habsburg Duke Rudolph III, eldest son of King Albert I of Germany.

Life
Blanche was born in Paris, the second child of King Philip III of France and his second wife, Maria of Brabant. Her siblings were Louis, Count of Évreux and Margaret, Queen of England. Blanche also had two older half-brothers from her father's first marriage: Philip, the future King of France, and Charles, Count of Valois.

Betrothals
Blanche was betrothed four times before her eventual marriage at the fifth attempt. Her first betrothal was to John I, Marquis of Namur, in September 1290. However, the wedding did not happen.

Blanche's second betrothal was on 31 July 1291 to Edward, Prince of Wales. Edward was seven years old at this time, while Blanche was thirteen. Even as the alliance was being negotiated between the two courts, Edward's mother died. She had borne fourteen children, but Edward was her only surviving son. His father, king Edward I, therefore resolved to marry again and beget more sons. While he looked for a suitable match for himself, he formalized the betrothal of his son with Blanche.

Over the next two years, Blanche came of age and developed into a great beauty, whereas an aging Edward I had still not found a bride for himself. Upon hearing reports of her extraordinary good looks, Edward I sent emissaries to her half-brother's court to negotiate a termination of the existing betrothal and the terms for marriage between Blanche and himself. King Philip IV of France agreed to give his half-sister in marriage to the king of England on the following terms:
that a truce would be concluded between the two countries; and
that Edward would cede the province of Gascony to France.

Edward agreed to these conditions and the betrothal took place by proxy in 1293. Blanche's third and latest fiancé, king Edward I of England, was nearly forty years older than her. After the proxy betrothal, king Edward sent his brother, Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, to fetch the new bride. Upon his arrival at the French court, Lancaster discovered that Blanche was already betrothed to another. King Philip instead offered Edward his even younger half-sister Margaret, who was at the time only eleven years old. Edward refused Margaret's hand and instead declared war on France. Five years later, Edward and Philip negotiated a truce under which Edward would marry Margaret (then a more mature 16 years of age) and receive both the territory of Guienne and the sum of £15,000, which was owed to Margaret as her inheritance. Many years later, Blanche's second fiancé would marry her half-brother king Philip's only daughter, Isabella of France, with disastrous consequences.

Blanche's fourth betrothal, in 1296, was to John, son of John II, Count of Holland, but that all did not fructify into marriage.

Marriage

As King Albert I of Germany aimed at a dynastic relation with the French royal House of Capet, he had entered into negotiations with the Paris court about 1295. Blanche married Rudolph on 25 May 1300; however, she did not arrive in Vienna until Christmas. The Austrian court admired her rich endowment, but also noted a taste for luxury and pomp. The duchess accompanied her husband on a journey to the Styrian lands, where she proved supportive to the Habsburg pretensions. During the absence of Rudolph, he briefly left her to rule as regent in Styria.

Blanche bore Rudolf a stillborn daughter in 1304 and a short-lived son who survived her, and was probably poisoned in March 1306, a year after her death. She died on 1 March 1305, possibly of complications after a miscarriage.

Since 1784, Blanche is buried at the Minoritenkirche in Vienna. Upon her death, Rudolf secondly married the Piast princess Elizabeth Richeza of Poland.

References

Sources

External links

1282 births
1305 deaths
French princesses
House of Capet
Austrian royal consorts
Daughters of kings
Burials in Vienna
14th-century women rulers


Marek Brodzki (born 25 December 1960) is a Polish film director and television director. He directed the film and series versions of Wiedźmin aka The Hexer and the series Miasteczko. He has worked as First Assistant Director with top Polish directors Andrzej Wajda and Krzysztof Zanussi and has specialized as a Polish First Assistant Director and Second Unit Director on international productions made in Poland notably including Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List and has a long working relationship with German director Volker Schlöndorff. October 2015 he was awarded the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis.

He is married to Production Manager, Casting Director, First Assistant Director Ewa Brodzka.

Selected filmography

Feature films:

 2010 Beyond the Steppes – with director Vanja d'Alcantara – Line Producer: Poland/Kazakhstan
 2008 A Woman in Berlin (Anonyma – Eine Frau in Berlin) – with director Max Färberböck – Asst. Director: Poland
 2006 Ulzhan – with director Volker Schlöndorff – First Asst. Director, Line Producer
 2006 Strike (Strajk) – with director Volker Schlöndorff – First Asst. Director
 2003 The Revenge (Zemsta) – with director Andrzej Wajda – First Asst. Director
 2002 The Pianist – with director Roman Polanski – Crowd Marshall
 1999 Pan Tadeusz – with director Andrzej Wajda – First Asst. Director
 1999 Jakob the Liar – with director Peter Kassovitz – First Asst. Director: Poland
 1999 Rider of the Flames (Feuerreiter) – with director Nina Grosse – Second Unit Director
 1998 Ibangin – with director Moon Seung-wook – Second Unit Director, First Asst. Director
 1997  – with director Krzysztof Zanussi – First Asst. Director
 1997 Un Air Si Pur – with director Yves Angelo – First Asst. Director
 1996 L'Elève – with director Olivier Schatzky – First Asst. Director
 1996 The Ogre (Der Unhold) – with director Volker Schlöndorff – First Asst. Director: Poland
 1995 Les Milles – with director  – First Asst. Director: Poland
 1994 Le Colonel Chabert – with director Yves Angelo – First Asst. Director: Battle Scenes
 1994 El Detective y la Muerte – with director Gonzalo Suárez – First Asst. Director: Poland
 1993 Schindler's List – with director Steven Spielberg – Polish First Asst. Director
 1993 La Petite Apocalypse – with director Costa-Gavras – Asst. Director
 1992  – with director Krzysztof Zanussi – Asst. Director
 1991 Beltenebros – with director Pilar Miró – First Asst. Director: Poland
 1991 Life for Life (Zycie Za Zycie) – with director Krzysztof Zanussi – First Asst. Director
 1991 Eminent Domain – with director John Irvin – Asst. Director
 1988  (Gdzieśkolwiek jest, jeśliś jest...) – with director Krzysztof Zanussi – Asst. Director

Television films:

 2008 Stauffenberg – the True Story – German ZDF TV film
 2007 Das Wunder von Mogadischu (Miracle of Mogadishu) – German ZDF TV film
 2006 Die Hölle von Verdun – German ZDF TV film
 2005 Das Drama von Dresden (the Drama of Dresden) – with director Sebastian Dehnhardt – Emmy Award for best documentary
 2005 Wir Weltmeister – German ZDF TV film

Television series:

 2004 Hitler's Managers – Germany
 2002 Wiedźmin (The Hexer) – Poland
 2000–01 Miasteczko – Poland

Internet TV series:
 2009 Zobaczyć ciszę – Poland
It was the first in Europe TV serial in sign language about a deaf family.

References

External links
Marek Brodzki at the Filmpolski Database

1960 births
Living people
Polish film directors
German-language film directors
Recipients of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis


Trilobopsis loricata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Polygyridae.

Subspecies
Trilobopsis loricata lowei (Pilsbry, 1925)
Trilobopsis loricata mariposa Pilsbry, 1940
Trilobopsis loricata nortensis (Berry, 1933)
Trilobopsis loricata perforata Pilsbry, 1940
Trilobopsis loricata sonomaensis (Hemphill, 1911)

References

Polygyridae


Minuscule 798 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) ε 473 (Soden). It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 260 parchment leaves (17 cm by 11.5 cm). It is dated palaeographically to the 11th century.

Description

The codex contains the text of the Gospels with some lacunae (Mark 1:-8:2). The text is written in one column per page, 20 lines per page in minuscule letters. The initial letters in red. Size of the text is 11.4 by 7.5 cm. Mark 1:1-8:2 is faded.

The text is divided according to the  (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin and their  (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons.

It contains lectionary markings at the margin and pictures.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.

It was not examined by using Claremont Profile Method.

History

The codex was divided into two parts and now located in two places. Matthew and Mark on 112 folios are housed in Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη (137), in Athens. Luke and John on 148 folios are housed in Bibelmuseum (Ms. 7) in Münster.

Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886.

See also
 List of New Testament minuscules
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

External links

 Images of Minuscule 798 at the CSNTM
 Manuscripts of the Bible Museum

Greek New Testament minuscules
11th-century biblical manuscripts
Manuscripts of the National Library of Greece


Henrik Nordbrandt (21 March 1945 – 31 January 2023) was a Danish poet, novelist, and essayist. He made his literary debut in 1966 with the poetry collection Digte. He was awarded the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 2000 for the poetry collection Drømmebroer ("Dream Bridges").

Although a Danish writer, he spent much of his life in the Mediterranean basin and this is said to have had an influence on his writing.

In 2007 the Polish painter Kasia Banas carried out a project that included paintings inspired by the poetry of Nordbrandt.

Works
 Digte (1966)
 Miniaturer (1967)
 Syvsoverne (1969)
 Omgivelser (1972)
 Opbrud og ankomster ("Departures and Arrivals"), Copenhagen: Gylandal, 72 pages (1974)
 Ode til blæksprutten og andre kærlighedsdigte ("Ode to the Octopus and Other Love Poems"), Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 55 pages (1975)
 Glas ("Glass") Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 53 pages (1976)
 Istid (1977)
 Guds hus (1977)
 Breve fra en ottoman (1978)
 Rosen fra Lesbos (1979)
 Spøgelseslege (1979)
 Forsvar for vinden under døren (1980)
 Armenia (1982)
 84 digte ("84 Poems"); Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 125 pages (1984)
 Armenia (1984)
 Violinbyggernes by (1985)
 Håndens skælven i november (1986)
 Vandspejlet (1989)
 Glemmesteder (1991)
 Støvets tyngde (1992)
 Ormene ved himlens port (1995)
 Egne digte ("Own Poems"), Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 289 pages (2000)
 Drømmebroer ("Dream Bridges") (2000)
 Besøgstid ('Visiting Hours') (2007)

Awards
1990: Swedish Academy Nordic Prize
2000: Nordic Council's Literature Prize, for Drømmebroer ("Dream Bridges")

References

External links
 A Poet's Odyssey. A video interview with Henrik Nordbrandt Video by Louisiana Channel

1945 births
2023 deaths
Danish male poets
Nordic Council Literature Prize winners
Recipients of the Grand Prize of the Danish Academy
University of Copenhagen alumni
Danish male novelists
20th-century Danish poets
20th-century Danish novelists
20th-century Danish male writers
People from Frederiksberg


This article contains the discography of American R&B singer Ginuwine. This includes studio albums, compilation albums, and singles. Ginuwine has sold 21 million albums in the US.

Albums

Studio albums

Collaboration albums

Compilation albums

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Notes
1 Not released in the U.S.
2 Airplay chart in the U.S.

Other guest appearances

Music videos

References

Discographies of American artists
Rhythm and blues discographies


Satevó  is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at San Francisco Javier de Satevó. The municipality covers an area of 2,185.1 km².

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 3,662, down from 3,856 as of 2005.

The municipality had 244 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.

Satevó began as a Jesuit mission to the Tarahumara in about 1640.

Geography

Towns and villages
The municipality has 126 localities. The largest are:

References

Municipalities of Chihuahua (state)


Francisco Manuel Perea Bilbao (born 20 November 1978 in Málaga, Andalucía, Spain), professionally known as Fran Perea, is a Spanish actor and singer.

Career

Fran Perea graduated from the Escuela Superior de Arte Dramático of Málaga. He made his debut in 2000, acting Hugo in television series Al salir de clase. He portrayed Hugo from 2001 to 2002.

In 2003, Perea got the role of Marcos Serrano in television sitcom Los Serrano. He also sang the opening theme "1 más 1 son 7", and was a huge hit in 2003. Due to his role of Marcos, Fran Perea became a famous singer. His first album, La chica de la habitación de al lado, was totally inspired by his role in Los Serrano. It earned four Platinum and one Gold discs. In 2004, he had a Spanish tour, and recorded the live hits album Fran Perea, en concierto. In 2005, he released his second album Punto y Aparte, that followed the success of La chica de la habitación de al lado. One year later, Perea left Los Serrano and started acting in films.

In 2006, he portrayed David in film Los Mánagers, directed by Fernando Guillén Cuervo. Also, he was the protagonist of 2006 film El camino de los ingleses, directed by famous actor Antonio Banderas. When Banderas selected him for the film, he did not know that Perea was very famous in Spain for his roles in the TV-series Al salir de clase and Los Serrano.

In 2007, Perea acted in Goya-nominated film Las 13 rosas, directed by Emilio Martínez Lázaro. And that year, he started performing in plays like ‘Fedra’ as Hipolito along with some of the big names of the Spanish dramaturgy: Ana Belén as Fedra, José Carlos Plaza as director and Juan Mayorga as scriptwriter.

After that he participated on the TV series ‘Hospital Central’and played the role of Don Juan in ‘Don Juan, el burlador de Sevilla’, under the orders of Emilio Hernández. The debut took place in Naples and the play was also performed in the Classical Theater Festival of Almagro. In 2009 and 2010, once again, he played Hipolito on stage.

In 2010, Fran Perea launched his third album, 'Viejos conocidos'. This is the first album all made by Fran: written by him and produced by his label Sinfonía en No Bemol. In May and July 2012 he has had a tour with this album around Spain.

He shot a new film, 'Chrysalis', debut of director Paula Ortiz, which share the story of Maribel Verdú and Roberto Alamo. And he participated with a short role in 'Balada triste de trompeta' by Alex de la Iglesia, who directed the first clip of 'Viejos conocidos', corresponding to the single 'Carnaval'.

On television, he was honored to participate in the revival of the classic TVE Estudio 1, as Camilo of 'La viuda de Valencia', with Aitana Sanchez-Gijon and Jorge Roelas, among other peers. A new experience for him as it had to apply the concept stage to the television format.

Recently, he has finished another tour with a show completely different. For a year he has gotten into the skin of Chris Keller, the son of Joe and Kate Keller in 'All My Sons' (Arthur Miller), under the direction of Claudio Tolcachir, who is also responsible for the adaptation of Miller's text. Claudio, who has already become a good friend, is an Argentine director who is amazing audiences and critics with his concept of theater. As audience has said many stage they create an atmosphere that causes the viewer the feeling that is part of what is happening on stage.

Now Fran is part of the cast of a new serie in the Spanish channel Antena 3, named 'Luna, el misterio de Calenda' and he is Orestes in the new play of José Carlos Plaza, again with Ana Belén.

Fran released his fourth album "Vijaha la palabra" and started a tour in Serbia.

Politics
Perea participated with other Spanish celebrities in a campaign in support of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero as candidate for Prime Minister of Spain in the elections in 2008.

Filmography

Television
 Al salir de clase (2001–2002) as Hugo
 Los Serrano (2003–2006) as Marcos Serrano
 Luna, The Mystery of Calenda (2012–2013) as Ignacio "Nacho" Castro
  B&B (2014–2015) as Mario
 La sonata del silencio (2016) as Mauricio Canales.

Guest roles
 El comisario (2002, 2003) as Guti
 Los Serrano (2007, 2008) as Marcos Serrano
 Muchachada Nui (2007) as Marcial Ruíz Escribano
 Hospital central (2007) as Javi
 Hospital central (2008) as Dr Enrique Trujillo

Film
 Los Mánagers (2006) as David
 El camino de los ingleses (2006) as El Garganta
 Perez, el ratoncito de tus sueños (2007) (voice)
 Las 13 rosas (2007) as Teo

Short films
 Tu mismo (2000)
 Cañí (2000)
 Final feliz para un crimen de Aure Roces (2001)
 La aventura de Rosa de Ángela Armero (2008)

Discography

Studio albums
 2003: La chica de la habitación de al lado No. 2 Spain, No. 10 Finland
 2005: Punto y Aparte No. 8 in Spain
 2010: Viejos conocidos

Live Hits albums
 2004: Fran Perea, en concierto No. 60 Spain

Compilation albums
 2006: Fran Perea, singles, inéditos & otros puntos No. 57 Spain

Awards and nominations

Music
 2003: Premios Amigo — Best New Artist — Nominated

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Musicians from Málaga
Actors from Málaga
Spanish male film actors
Male actors from Andalusia
Singers from Andalusia
Spanish male television actors
21st-century Spanish singers
21st-century Spanish male singers
21st-century Spanish male actors


The discography of American country artist Jeannie Seely contains 16 studio albums, three compilation albums and 36 singles. Releasing several singles for the Challenge label, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee and signed with Monument Records in 1966. Releasing "Don't Touch Me" as a single, it became a major country hit, reaching number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. It also became her only single to reach the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 85. The success led to the release of her debut studio album entitled The Seely Style, which reached number 8 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart.

Seely had several more major hits during the 1960s: "It's Only Love" (1966), "A Wanderin' Man" (1967) and "I'll Love You More (Than You'll Need)" (1968). She also released three more studio albums during this time. This included Thanks, Hank!, which peaked at number 17 on the country albums chart in 1967. Leaving Monument, Seely signed with Decca Records and paired with country artist Jack Greene for a series of duet recordings. Their first single, "Wish I Didn't Have to Miss You" (1969), reached number 2 on the Billboard country chart. Spawning an album, the project peaked at number 18 on the country albums chart in 1970. After a series of singles and two albums, Seely released two major hits in 1973: "Can I Sleep in Your Arms" and "Lucky Ladies". The success prompted the release of an album of the same name, which peaked at number 15 on the country albums chart.

Seely continued recording for major labels until the end of the 1970s. Her final singles on Columbia Records became minor hits on the Billboard country chart. Her final chart appearance was 1978's "Take Me to Bed", which reached number 97. Although still touring and performing, she did not release further studio albums again until the 1990s. Among the highlights of her later material is 2003's Life's Highway, an album of bluegrass material. She also issued album of classic country in 2011 entitled Vintage Country. Her most recent release was in 2017 via Cheyenne Records, Written in Song.

Albums

Studio albums

Soundtrack albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Music videos

Other appearances

Notes

References

External links
 Jeannie Seely at Discogs

Country music discographies
Discographies of American artists


William James Mallon (born February 2, 1952) is an American orthopedic surgeon, former professional golfer and a leading authority on the history of the Olympic Games.

Golf career
Born in Paterson, New Jersey, Mallon studied at Duke University and graduated magna cum laude with an A.B. in math and physics. While at Duke he played collegiate golf and was a two-time All-American, twice voted to the Outstanding College Athletes of America and was a two-time participant in the NCAA tournament. He won over 40 amateur tournaments including two victories in both the Massachusetts and New England Amateur Championships and one Mid-Atlantic title.

Mallon turned professional in 1975 and joined the PGA Tour after qualifying at Q-school in the fall of 1975. He played four seasons, 1976–79, posting three top-10 finishes with a best finish of tied for 5th at the 1977 Joe Garagiola-Tucson Open. He played in the 1977 U.S. Open and was twice in the top 100 on the money list.

Medical career
After leaving the PGA Tour he returned to Duke University to study medicine graduating as an M.D. in 1984. He was a resident at Duke University medical center between 1984 and 1990 and is now the Associate Consulting Professor of Orthopaedics as well as having his own practice. He specializes in complex reconstructive shoulder and elbow surgery and is a fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, a member of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, where he served as vice-president in 2012 and will be president in 2014, and a member of the advisory council of the Institute of Preventative Sports Medicine. He has written widely on the subject of sporting injuries and has been the medical editor of Golf Digest since 1987. Previously North American editor of the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, he has been editor of that publication in 2009.

Olympics historian
Mallon is also a leading authority on the history of the Olympic Games and has written 24 books on the subject. He was a co-founder and later president of the International Society of Olympic Historians and was historical consultant to the organizing committees of both the Atlanta and Sydney Olympics. Mallon has also been a consultant statistician to the International Olympic Committee and was awarded the Olympic Order in silver in 2001 for his services to the Olympic movement.

Amateur wins

1972 New England Amateur
1973 Massachusetts Amateur
1974 Massachusetts Amateur
1975 Middle Atlantic Amateur, New England Amateur

Professional wins
1976 New England Open
1977 New England Open

Select bibliography
 Quest for Gold. Leisure Press New York City 1984  (with Ian Buchanan)
 The Olympic Record Book. Taylor & Francis 1988
 Who's Who der Olympischen Spiele 1896–1992. Agon-Sportverlag Kassel 1992  (with Erich Kamper)
 The Golf Doctor : How to Play a Better, Healthier Round of Golf. Macmillan 1996  (with Larry Dennis)
 Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Scarecrow Press 1996  (with Ian Buchanan)
 The 1896 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events. With Commentary. McFarland & Company, Jefferson (North Carolina) 1997. . (with Ture Widlund)
 The 1900 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events. With Commentary. McFarland & Company, Jefferson (North Carolina) 1997. .
 The 1904 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events. With Commentary. McFarland & Company, Jefferson (North Carolina) 1999. .
 The 1906 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events. With Commentary. McFarland & Company, Jefferson (North Carolina) 1999. .
 The 1908 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events. With Commentary. McFarland & Company, Jefferson (North Carolina) 2000. . (with Ian Buchanan)
 The 1912 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events. With Commentary. McFarland & Company, Jefferson (North Carolina) 2001. . (with Ture Widlund)
 The 1920 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events. With Commentary. McFarland & Company, Jefferson (North Carolina) 2003. . (with Anthony Bijkerk)
 Orthopaedics for the House Officer.Williams and Wilkins 2000 (with McNamara and Urbaniuk)
 Ernest Amory Codman: The End Result of a Life in Medicine. WB Saunders 1999

References

External links
Medical practice
Olympic database website
Archived version of previous Olympic database website

American male golfers
Duke Blue Devils men's golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Golf writers and broadcasters
Golfers from New Jersey
American orthopedic surgeons
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
20th-century American historians
Sports historians
Recipients of the Olympic Order
Sportspeople from Paterson, New Jersey
1952 births
Living people
20th-century surgeons
21st-century surgeons
20th-century American physicians
21st-century American physicians
Historians from New Jersey
Olympics people


Muse (; ) is the capital of Mu Se Township (also spelled as Muse Township) in northern Shan State, Myanmar. It is situated on the Shweli River (Nam Mao), and is connected by a bridge to Ruili (Shweli, , in Burmese) in Yunnan Province, China. The border town is a major regional trade hub with China..

History
The old bridge in Muse, dubbed the "Gun Bridge" by locals in reference to the frequency of illegal armaments trafficking through the bridge, was closed in 2005, replaced by a wider bridge parallel to it.

In 2014, the governments of Myanmar and China have been discussing a border dispute in the area of Namkham and Muse.

On May 23, 2021, the People's Defense Force, the armed forces of the National Unity Government, clashed with Tatmadaw forces in Muse, killing 13 security guards.

Transport
Muse is today connected to Mandalay via Lashio by the National Highway 3 450 km Asian Highway route 14 (AH14), The old Burma Road links the new road to Bhamo in Kachin State which links to the Ledo Road. Mandalay-Lashio-Muse Road included part of the Burma Road and was rebuilt and upgraded for heavy traffic in 1998 on a Build-Operate-Transfer basis (BOT) by the Asia World Company headed by the son of the former opium warlord Lo Hsing Han. It has cut the journey time from 2 days, even a week in the rainy season, to just 12–16 hours. Muse is also connected to central Burma via the Mandalay-Lashio Northern Shan State Railway.

Economy
Muse is home to one of 5 official border trade posts with China, and opened on 21 January 1998. In 2022, total trade volume at the border post stood at . Cross-border trade was banned by Ne Win after the military came to power in Burma in 1962 but the ban was lifted following negotiations in 1988. Bilateral trade has risen steadily since, increasing by 60% in the fiscal year ending 31 March 2008, and constitutes 24% of Burma's trade ranking China as a major trading partner second only to Thailand.

Burma exports mainly raw materials such as agricultural produce, fish, timber, gems and minerals, and imports consumer goods, electronics, machinery and processed food. Muse's '105th mile Trade Zone', a border zone of 150 hectares, opened in April 2006, the first and largest border trade camp of its kind in Burma, handling as much as 70% of cross border trade with China. A trade fair has been held annually every December since 2001 alternating between the two border towns each year with India, Bangladesh and Thailand as well as China taking part.

In 2007 the local militia, under orders of the military authorities, seized  of land in the area, mainly tea and orange plantations as well as small farms, with little or no compensation, in a drive to cultivate physic nuts for biodiesel as an alternative fuel.

On 8 May 2008, the military seized 20 truck loads of biscuits and other goods at Muse allegedly for the relief of Cyclone Nargis victims.

A joint enterprise between Burma and China to construct oil and gas pipelines from the Bay of Bengal via Mandalay through Muse to Kunming in Yunnan Province starts operations in 2009.

Narcotics
Recently China built a  long fence on the border near Ruili in order to stop drug trafficking and two more are under construction. Drug addiction is a major problem in the area. The opium poppy harvest had increased since Lo Hsing Han managed to rebuild his drug empire after becoming the intermediary for cease-fire agreements between the military intelligence chief Khin Nyunt and the Kokang and Wa insurgents who had rebelled against and toppled the Communist leadership in 1989. The World Food Program carried out emergency food assistance to former poppy farmers in 2004-2005 as pressure mounted to stop cultivation of the poppy.

Gambling, drugs and prostitution flourished in Ruili, but Muse's own efforts to share in the Las Vegas style business atmosphere met with much less success. The Chinese authorities cracked down on heroin entering - but not the chemical ingredients for the amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) called yaba  leaving - and also on Chinese men enjoying the same pleasures on the Burmese side of the border. Besides the UNODC, a number of groups and organisations such as the Asian Harm Reduction Network (AHRN) and Buddhist monks are also involved in the amelioration of the HIV/AIDS problem among drug users.

Notes

External links
 Muse, bridge over Shweli, and Ruili WikiMapia
 Kyegaung checkpoint, Myanmar-China border at Muse-Ruili Asterism
 Shan State map: 1 = Muse, I = Ruili Asterism
 Photo of the "Gun Bridge" over the Shweli Renaud Egreteau
  Mandalay-Lashio-Muse Union Highway MRTV3 video
 Fifth Destruction of Seized Narcotic Drugs, March 21, 2005 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
 2008 Myanmar-China border trade fair (Muse) Department of Border Trade
 Htoo Trading; only company with timber export license illegal-logging.info, 17 August 2006
 Shan: Rare Tree Trade Aggravates Deforestation illegal-logging.info, 19 June 2007
 China provides more military trucks to Burma Mizzima News, 14 January 2009

Populated places in Shan State
China–Myanmar border crossings
Township capitals of Myanmar


Blue Star Contemporary is a non-profit contemporary art institution located in San Antonio, Texas. It was established by a group of artists in 1986 after the success of the Blue Star Exhibition, a show featuring the work of local contemporary artists in the former Blue Star Ice and Cold Storage warehouse. Blue Star Contemporary, also known as BSC, is run by Executive Director Mary Heathcott.

Background
Blue Star Contemporary is housed in a renovated warehouse in the Blue Star Arts Complex, a mixed-use development containing lofts, apartments, galleries, artist studios, retail stores, and restaurants. BSC is a part of the King Williams Cultural Arts District in the Southtown neighborhood and is located along the San Antonio River Walk.

Blue Star Contemporary is at the center of San Antonio's First Friday Art Walk, an event that takes place on the first Friday of each month and is intended to provide "a free showcase of the art community in San Antonio." Blue Star Contemporary is credited as being a revitalizing force for the arts district and surrounding neighborhoods. Contemporary Art Month (CAM), San Antonio's month-long celebration of local contemporary art in July, started at the museum.

Programs

In 2016, BSC programs included Creative Classrooms, a free six-week program that brings artists to school classrooms for weekly lessons, the MOSAIC Student Artist Program, a free after-school program for students interested in learning about the arts, and the Berlin Residency Program, a three-month residency at the Künstlerhaus Bethanien granted to four artists from Bexar County annually. Blue Star Contemporary partnered with BiblioTech, Bexar County's digital library, to open a reading room in the museum's Arts Education Lab in 2016.

Off-site art exhibitions

Art in the Garden is an ongoing partnership between Blue Star Contemporary and the San Antonio Botanical Garden. Each year, an artist is selected and commissioned to create a site-specific work in the garden.

Blue Star Contemporary has also partnered with the City of San Antonio's Department of Arts and Culture's Public Art San Antonio division (PASA) to commission Plexus c18 at the San Antonio International Airport.

References

External links
 Blue Star Contemporary
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070821000709/http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/north-america/united-states/texas/san-antonio/attraction-detail.html?vid=1154654608603
 http://www.museumsusa.org/museums/info/1167675
 http://www.frommers.com/destinations/sanantonio/A7663.html
 http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2008/05/05/story10.html
 http://www.americantowns.com/tx/sanantonio/organization/blue_star_contemporary_art_center
 http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/klblr
 http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1248/is_/ai_54432739

Contemporary art galleries in the United States
Museums in San Antonio
1985 establishments in Texas
Art museums established in 1985
Art museums and galleries in Texas


HMS Snowdrop was a  of the Royal Navy. She served during the Second World War.

She was built at Smiths Dock Co., Ltd. South Bank on Tees and launched on 12 May 1941. She was sold on 17 May 1947 and scrapped on the Tyne in September 1949.

References

External links
HMS Snowdrop

Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Navy
1941 ships


Oreohelix subrudis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oreohelicidae.

References

Oreohelicidae
Gastropods described in 1854


St. Paul's Parish Church may refer to:

St. Paul's Parish Church (Batesville, Arkansas), listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
St. Paul's Parish Church (Brandywine, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Maryland
St. Paul's Parish Church (Malden, Massachusetts), listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts


The Wingspread Conference on the Precautionary Principle was a three-day academic conference where the precautionary principle was defined. The January 1998 meeting took place at Wingspread, headquarters of the Johnson Foundation in Racine, Wisconsin, and involved 35 scientists, lawyers, policy makers and environmentalists from the United States, Canada and Europe.

Background

The formal concept evolved out of the German socio-legal tradition in the 1930s, centering on the concept of good household management. In German the concept is Vorsorgeprinzip, which translates into English as precaution principle.

Many of the concepts underpinning the precautionary principle pre-date the term's inception. For example, the essence of the principle is captured in a number of cautionary aphorisms such as "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure", "better safe than sorry", and "look before you leap". The precautionary principle may also be interpreted as the evolution of the ancient medical principle of "first, do no harm" to apply to institutions and institutional decision-making processes rather than individuals.

Final statement
In the final text of the agreement, it was agreed that the precautionary principle could be summarized as
cv
When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.

The members also concluded that current environmental policies do not do enough to prevent environmental disasters instead of controlling damage after an incident.

Follow up committees
The February 2, 2000 European Commission Communication on the Precautionary Principle notes: "The precautionary principle applies where scientific evidence is insufficient, inconclusive or uncertain and preliminary scientific evaluation indicates that there are reasonable grounds for concern that the potentially dangerous effects on the environment, human, animal or plant health may be inconsistent with the high level of protection chosen by the EU".

The January 29, 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety says: "Lack of scientific certainty due to insufficient relevant scientific information ... shall not prevent the Party of import, in order to avoid or minimize such potential adverse effects, from taking a decision, as appropriate, with regard to the import of the living modified organism in question."

References

1998 in the environment
Environmental conferences
Environmental law in the United States
Academic conferences
Racine, Wisconsin
Risk management
1998 in Wisconsin


Saucillo is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Saucillo. The municipality covers an area of 2,116.16 km².

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 32,325, up from 28,508 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the city of Saucillo had a population of 11,004. Other than the city of Saucillo, the municipality had 451 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Naica (4,938), Las Varas (2,410), classified as urban, and Estación Conchos (1,670), and Orranteño (1,641), classified as rural.

Geography

Towns and villages
The municipality has 168 localities. The largest are:

References

Municipalities of Chihuahua (state)


Mermaid Got Married (人魚傳說) is a 1994 Hong Kong romantic comedy fantasy film directed by Norman Law, starring Ekin Cheng, Christy Chung and Takeshi Kaneshiro. Based on the 1984 American film Splash, the plot involves a mermaid who travels onto land and falls in love with a human man.

Plot
In the opening scene, a young boy named Chi is on a boat with his mother and her boyfriend. He falls overboard and almost drowns because he cannot swim. However he ends up on a beach, and claims that he was rescued by a "big fish".

Years later, Chi (Ekin Cheng) has grown up but still has a fear a water due to the accident. He has become a teacher, and obtains a new job at a local high school. Students are drawn to him because of his youth and good looks. Despite his attempts to be professional, he is aggressively flirted with by Kiki (Teresa Mak), a popular girl who has the nickname "Princess". This makes Kenji (Takeshi Kaneshiro), Kiki's on-again-off-again boyfriend, jealous.

One day Chi brings his class on a field trip to the docks. During an altercation he is pushed into the water, sinks and loses consciousness. He is rescued by an orange-tailed mermaid (Christy Chung), who takes him to shore. She is the same mermaid that rescued him when they were young, and due to this second meeting believes they were destined to meet. She releases a magic pearl from her stomach, which she uses to revive a still unconscious Chi. She is interrupted when people approach and flees in a panic. Chi accidentally swallows the pearl and wakes up, thinking that he was merely swept to shore by the water. The mermaid attempts to swim home, but discovers that she can't without her pearl. She decides to find Chi, knowing that she can pass as human with legs as long as she doesn't get wet.

The mermaid tracks Chi down to his school, and there she is mistaken for a worker's niece, named Siu-may. She is befriended by Kiki and attends the school as a student. Although Siu-may can walk on legs, she must bathe every so often to "recharge". One of these sessions takes place in the girls' bathroom, and her large tail is accidentally seen by Miss Yuen (Kingdom Yuen), a teacher, who faints in shock. Siu-may's secret is also discovered by Kenji, who promises to help keep her hidden, and the two becomes friends. After this encounter, Miss Yuen becomes obsessed with finding and catching this "big fish", enlisting the school's principal (Kent Cheng) and other friends to her cause.

Siu-may and Chi spend time together and become close. Chi discovers he can swim now, which is due to the pearl in his stomach; he and Siu-may swim together in the school pool, with Chi agreeing to be blindfolded when Siu-may claims she doesn't have a bathing suit. Siu-may decides that the best way to get her pearl back is to kiss him. After a dinner date together eating clams, Siu-may gets the chance, but she is so caught up with her new feelings for Chi that she forgets to summon the pearl. On Chi's birthday, he confesses that he has feelings for her, and Siu-may protests that he can't, because she is a "fish". Siu-may stands under the rain and allows herself to transform into her mermaid shape. Chi falls down in shock, and at that moment Miss Yuen and her colleagues run in and capture Siu-may, carrying her away.

Chi, Kenji and Kiki work together to rescue Siu-may where she is being imprisoned in the principal's swimming pool. They are successful, and they return to the docks the next morning. Siu-may has her pearl now and can return home. Chi and Siu-may declare their love for each other, and Chi adds that he'll wait for her. Siu-may jumps into the sea, transforms and swims away.

Afterward, Miss Yuen, the principal and the rest of their group follow Chi around in the hopes of finding Siu-may again. One day Chi  bumps into a bridesmaid at a wedding, who looks identical to Siu-may. The principal takes a hose from a nearby gardener and starts spraying the new girl, but she doesn't transform into a mermaid, much to their confusion. The grown-ups are then chased off by Kenji and Kiki. The new girl doesn't appear to remember Chi, but when he invites her to eat clams she gets excited and lets slip that she is, indeed, Siu-may. The pair embrace while Kenji and Kiki watch.

Cast
 Ekin Cheng as Chi, a young teacher at a high school, he was saved from drowning twice by a mermaid, and eventually falls in love with her.
 Christy Chung as Siu-may, a mermaid who can obtain legs while on dry land, who eventually falls in love with Chi.
 Takeshi Kaneshiro as Kenji, a high school student who befriends Siu-may.
 Teresa Mak as Princess/Kiki, a high school student who befriends Siu-may.
 Kent Cheng as Principal, the principal of the high school.
 Kingdom Yuen as Miss Yuen, a teacher at the high school.
 Lau Siu-ming as Uncle Lau, a janitor/general worker at the high school who mistakes the mermaid for his real niece, Siu-may.
 Dennis Chan as Officer Chan, a friend of Miss Yuen and the Principal whom works together with them to capture the mermaid.
 Elaine Law Suet-ling as Fatty, Kiki's best friend.
 Rocelia Fung Wai-hang as Chi's mother.

Soundtrack
Faye Wong performed two songs for the film:
 "Angel" – the main theme, played during Chi and Siu-may's swimming pool scene and during the end credits;
 "Sky" – played while Chi walks sadly on the shore after Siu-may leaves.
These songs are released in Faye Wong's 1994 album Sky.

Reception
Far East Films said, "To see such an enjoyable romantic comedy as ‘Splash’ be remade into a somewhat anaemic Hong Kong feature does little to inspire."

References

External links

1994 films
1990s fantasy comedy films
1994 romantic comedy films
1990s Cantonese-language films
Hong Kong romantic comedy films
1990s romantic fantasy films
Films about mermaids
Hong Kong remakes of American films
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in Hong Kong
1990s Hong Kong films


Temósachic is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Temósachic. The municipality covers an area of 5,361.9 km².

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 6,211, down from 6,319 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the town of Temósachic had a population of 1,841. Other than the town of Temósachic, the municipality had 329 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.

Geography

Towns and villages
The municipality has 421 localities. The largest are:

History
Eight vehicles were ambushed and four police officers killed and six wounded along the highway from Temósachic to Madera. The deceased were identified as Sergio Luna Escalante, Efraín Ríos Rodríguez, Noel Omar Ronquillo López, and Luis Raúl Piñón Gómez.

References

Municipalities of Chihuahua (state)


These DB Class V 100 diesel locomotives were produced in the late 1950s by the Deutsche Bundesbahn for non-electrified branch lines as a replacement for steam locomotives. The V 100 class was built in three different variants.

Decommissioned locomotives were also used in Austria by the Austrian Federal Railways during the 1990s and early 2000s, where they were registered as ÖBB Class 2048

Class V 100.10 / Class 211
The Class V 100.10 was a diesel locomotive for light passenger and goods traffic on branch lines. It was developed in 1956 by the Bundesbahn Central Office in Munich together with the engineering works, Maschinenbau Kiel (MaK), for the Deutsche Bundesbahn.

In the late autumn of 1958 the first six trials engines were delivered. Numbers V 100 001 to 005 were fitted with an 809 kW (1,100 HP) motor, but number V 100 006 was given a 993 kW (1,350 HP) motor. The latter formed the basis for the V 100.20, later DB Class 212. Number V 100 007 was built by MaK as the seventh trial engine and tested in Sweden; it was sold in 1959 to the Deutsche Bundesbahn. In 1960, the prototype series, numbers 001 to 005 and 007 were renumbered to V 100 1001 to 1005 and 1007 in order to better distinguish them from the more powerful V 100 006. In 1961 the production series was started, the run lasting until 1963. As well as MaK, the firms of Deutz, Maschinenfabrik Esslingen, Henschel, Jung, Krauss-Maffei and Krupp were involved in building the locomotives.

As part of the renumbering of locomotives by the Deutsche Bundesbahn in 1968, the V 100.10 was redesignated as DB Class 211. The Deutsche Bahn AG inherited the locomotives in 1994.

After almost 40 years service the last engine was withdrawn in 2001.

Class V 100.20 / Classes 212 and 213

The DB Class V 100.20 (later Class 212) is a more powerful variant of the V 100. It was based on the prototype V 100 006, which from 1960 was renumbered to V 100 2001. It went into series production in 1962 and, unlike the V 100.10 which was employed on branch line service, it was also intended for main line duties and ramps. Up to 1966 a total of 381 examples entered service. The Class 212 is 12.1 metres long (from no. 022: 12.3 m) and weighs 63 tonnes. Its top speed is 100 km/h and its engine generates 993 kW (1,350 PS).

Ten locomotives from the last batch of 150 engines were additionally equipped with stronger brakes and modified drives and were employed on ramps. These locomotives, originally numbered V 100 2332 to 2341 were reclassified in 1968 as DB Class 213. They replaced the steam locomotives of Class 82 and 94 on the Murg Valley Railway and in the Westerwald. In the Murg Valley they were replaced in their turn in 1972 by the DB Class 218.

The last Class 212 was withdrawn from normal service in 2004, some have been preserved or found use with private firms.

Locomotives of the tunnel rescue train – Class 214/714

Due to the many tunnels on the new railway line from Würzburg to Hanover, special rescue vehicles were needed. The Bundesbahn developed the Tunnel Emergency Train (Tunnelhilfszug or TuHi) as an external rescue system. In May 1988 the first TuHi went into service at Fulda. Diesel engine 212 244-8 was used as Locomotive 1 and 212 257-0 as Locomotive 2. The Würzburg TuHi followed in August 1988 using 212 236-4 as Locomotive 1 and 212 352-9 as Locomotive 2. Number 212 271-1 was held in reserve. All five 212s for TuHi were rebuilt between May and August 1988 at AW Kassel. Both TuHi are one-way trains, i.e. they can only be used in one direction. They consist of transport wagon 1, the equipment wagon, the fire fighting wagon, the centre wagon, the first aid coach and transport wagon 2. Locos 1 and 2 are also different. Loco 1 has a video and infra-red camera, two large and two small headlights and yellow flashing lights. Loco 2 does not have an infra-red camera. With effect from 1 January 1989 the five engines of Class 214 were reclassified, retaining their serial numbers. Official all 5 locos are allocated to Bw Würzburg. Both engines with the Fulda TuHi had "Bw Fulda" incorrectly painted on them.

On 29 May 1991 the Federal President, Richard von Weizsäcker, gave the starting signal at Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe to announce that the new Hannover–Würzburg and Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railways were now fully in service. That meant four more locations for TuHi were required. In addition to Fulda and Würzburg, TuHi also had to be stationed at Kornwestheim, Mannheim, Kassel and Hildesheim. The TuHi in Fulda had to be organised as a bidirectional train, so that it could be used in the Würzburg and Kassel directions. To make this possible, another first aid coach has been inserted behind transport wagon 1. By stationing a TuHi at Hildesheim Hbf and Kassel Hbf both directions of the high-speed link can be traversed via link lines. For that reason a unidirectional train is sufficient here.  Between August 1990 and April 1991 eight more 212 or 214s were modified at AW Bremen und AW Kassel for the four other TuHi. Locomotives 212 033, 212 046, 212 235, 212 245, 212 246, 212 251, 212 260 and 212 277 were converted to Class 214, all retaining their original serial numbers. There is no difference any longer between locos 1 and 2, in order to be able to exchange them more easily, which is always necessary when carrying out routine maintenance. The former locomotive 2's from Würzburg and Fulda were fitted with the missing infra-red cameras in 1991 at AW Kassel. The cooling of the infra-red cameras is achieved now using the usual liquid air cylinders, which were swapped for the previously used liquid nitrogen flasks.
After the serious train accident on 15 November 1992 at Northeim, when no TuHi was used, a new concept for rescue operations was introduced. Once the TuHi also became available for deployment away from the high-speed railway they became known as "emergency trains" (Rettungszüge or Rtz). All 13 engines of Class 214 were redesignated by the DB AG on 31 October 1994 to railway works vehicles of Class 714. Again the running numbers were retained. On 1 August 1996, however, they were given sequential numbers within Class 714, from 001 to 013. The locomotive with the lowest original number became 001 and the one with the highest became 013.
Because only one reserve locomotive is available, DB AG converted another two engines in 1996/97 at Stendal: numbers 212 269 became 714 014 and 212 160 became 714 015. In addition to the renumbering, the TuHi/Rtz locos changed their livery. The first five TuHi locos still had the classic ocean blue and beige livery, the later eight engines were painted orient red. To achieve greater recognisability against the emergency wagon, the locos were painted in luminous red. Numbers 714 003, 714 008, 714 009, 714 011, 714 014 and 714 015 have this livery, as do the wagons in the Rtz at Würzburg, Fulda and Hildesheim. Due to the rapid fading of the luminous red paint, all engines and wagons were subsequently repainted in traffic red. The inscription on the locomotives remains confusing. There are the white letters Rtz, the DB insignia with white writing Netz Notfalltechnik, and the DB sign with white lettering Notfalltechnik. All 15 engines of Class 714 belong to DB Netz, central route management/railway vehicles at Fulda. From there the disposition of the engines is controlled and they are regularly changed over under a rolling programme.

Use after 2004

With the withdrawal of the last Class 212 locomotives used by Railion on 13 December 2004 the employment of the V100 by the DB was largely over. Still in service, apart from the 15 tunnel rescue locos of Class 714, are just four engines of Classes 212 and 213 with the DB subsidiary, Deutsche Bahn Gleisbau (DBG), and one Class 213 engine with another subsidiary SüdostBayernBahn (mothballed in November 2006).
However, in October 2006 12 retired 212s were transferred to Aw. Cottbus for a general inspection with the aim of reactivating them for DB Services. By the end of 2008 10 locomotives had been equipped with the MTU 8V 4000 R41 engine (1000 kW), which is similar to that on the Class 290/294.

Many locos from the Deutsche Bahns fleet were sold as part of a joint venture with Alstom to the Alstom Lokomotiven Service in Stendal. There the engines were systematically rebuilt and sold to interested parties, such as private railways, in Germany and abroad.

Some locomotives have found use with private operators, in particular rail infrastructure firms.

Rebuilt locomotives

Class 214/262

In November 2006 Alstom and the Gmeinder Lokomotivfabrik Mosbach developed a modernisation concept for the locomotives of the former DB Class V 100. The prototype 214 110 was presented at the "Transport & Logistik München" in June 2007, numbered as 212 197 with the Nordbayerischen Eisenbahn (NBE). The classification was confirmed by the railway federal office in 20.05.2008, at the same time the Class 214 was specified in the EBA locomotive register. For the conversion only the locomotive frame and bogies of the V 100 were used. The low superstructure was completely new and more box like. The engines are driven by a new Caterpillar motor, 3508 BSC (970 kW). The DB classified the locos it hires out as Class 262. Eleven locomotives were delivered by August 2008 to, amongst others, DB Schenker, the Nordbayerische Eisenbahn, Locon and BBL Logistik. The DB Schenker locos were deployed to Magdeburg. In Stendal there are about 50 old vehicles available for a possible conversion.

OnRail DH 1004
The OnRail DH 1004 were rebuilt from V 100s in the late 1990s and early 2000s by Vossloh retaining the frame, bogies and transmission but with the engine and bodywork replaced. The locomotives are used at ports and on private railways.

Preservation

After withdrawal in 2004, 211 023, 212 023 and 212 330 in some units became the property of the Deutsche Bahn's own museum (see Nuremberg Transport Museum). One of the 212 units had been looked after by a group of railway fans for years; having been adopted in 1993 and painted in its historical purpurrot livery (Epoch III to Epoch IV) at the general inspections in 1994 and 2000.

All three locomotives were badly damaged as a result of a fire on 17 October 2005 at the museum. In June/July 2006 all the burnt out diesel locomotives in the museum's ownership were dismantled and scrapped.

An entire range of Class V100 locomotives have been preserved. For example: 211 023-7 (DB Museum), 211 054-2 (Gemeinde Eschenau), 211 079-9 (Hammer EF), 211 200-1 (DGEG), 211 357-9 (Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung von Schienenfahrzeugen), 212 001-2 (DB Museum), 212 007-9 (DGEG), 212 009-5 (private), 212 023-6 (DB Museum), 212 062-4 (DB Museum), 212 077-2 (DB Museum), 212 084-8 (DB Museum), 212 133-3 (private), 212 203-4 (private) und 212 372-7 (DB Museum).

See also
 The Class 2048 of the OBB in Austria Modified Class 211s operating in Austria in the 1990s (German Wikipedia page)

Notes

References

Further information

Books

Periodical articles

Film
 SWR: Eisenbahn-Romantik – Abschied von der V 100 (Folge 364)

External links

 V100.de V 100 site with technical diagrams, and technical information on all components, and individual locomotive histories and images for all 745 units. v100.de
 Die V 100 der DB The DB V 100. Brief history and design information epoch-3.de
 DB Class V 100 – Locomotive with diesel-hydraulic drive

V 100
B-B locomotives
MaK locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1958
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany


Euchemotrema fraternum is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Polygyridae.

Subspecies
Euchemotrema fraternum montanum (Archer, 1939)

References

Polygyridae
Gastropods described in 1824


Truth and Justice () I-V, written in 1926–1933, is a pentalogy by A. H. Tammsaare, considered to be his most famous work, and one of the foundational works in Estonian literature.

Tammsaare's social epic captured the evolution of Estonia from a province of the Russian Empire to an independent nation. It was based partly on the author's own life and centered on the contrast between the urban middle class and hard-working peasantry. The protagonist, Indrek Paas, moves from a farm to a city, witnesses uprisings and upheavals, tries to find peace in marriage and the middle and upper class life-style, but returns disappointed to his roots for a new start.

Book description
The book series can be seen as a thorough overview of developments of Estonian society from about 1870 to about 1930; it presents an epic panorama of both the rural and urban societies of that era.  Tammsaare's primary conception was that under the then applicable conditions, reaching a harmony of both truth and justice is impossible, and thus, while many characters will seek it, none will reach this destination.

According to Tammsaare, the first volume of Truth and Justice depicts man's struggle with the earth, the second with God, the third with society, the fourth with himself and the fifth ends with resignation. Tammsaare's view was skeptical, in general he saw things as a natural scientist would, his approach being biological rather than psychological. Although the work was deeply rooted in Estonian life, it dealt with many contemporary literary and philosophical issues. With Truth and Justice Tammsaare gained a reputation as one of the most original thinkers and novelists in northern Europe. The last two volumes especially contained more reasoning on the struggle for truth and justice than autobiographical material.

In Truth and Justice Tammsaare draws an ironic portrait of urban intellectuals who have absorbed the middle and upper classes mores and abandoned their moral principles. The novel was written in a time which saw the rise of dictators – Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini – and the decline of truth and justice. Indrek, the protagonist, is not a man of action, but through his life story Tammsaare examines the same humanistic ideals of the early 20th century as Romain Rolland, Thomas Mann and John Galsworthy do in their works. In the first part Indrek is actually a minor character, while the protagonist is his father, Andres Paas with his first wife Krõõt, who dies after giving birth to their first son. Andres, who wants to defend what he considers right, eventually loses his vision of right and wrong, and manages to cheat his archenemy, Pearu. In the second part Indrek enters a private school in a town, actually Tartu, although Tammsaare does not mention its name. Indrek falls in love with Ramilda, the daughter of the school director. She dies of tuberculosis and Indrek renounces God, publishing an article in the school paper which gets him expelled from school. In the third part Indrek participates in the revolutionary events of 1905 but is terrified by its frenzy. The fourth part is set in independent Estonia. Indrek has married Karin; they have two children. After having found out that Karin has been unfaithful, he nearly kills her. Indrek is released on probation. Karin dies in a traffic accident. In the fifth part Indrek returns to his native village.

Part One
Volume I gives a generalized overview of life in Estonian village and farmers battle against nature in the last quarter of 19th century.
From a great number of characters, two stand out. Two contrasting men – unique and powerful types, each of whom manifests the characteristics of the Estonian peasant. The whole character of Vargamäe Andres and his destiny is a deeply elaborated artistic generalization of the individual peasant's life and struggle under the harsh conditions of northern Estonia.
After arriving at his new home, Andres finds himself next to a devious neighbor, Tagapere Pearu. At first Andres doesn’t take Pearu’s tricks too seriously, but soon Pearu turns out to be as persistent in his grit as Andres is in hard work, and Andres starts to become more and more stern. He starts to fight Pearu with his own means, but is unable to fix the tragic mistakes in his own personal life. Soon Andres becomes more of a somber despot than Pearu ever was. As he sees his ideals failing, Andres searches for consolation in the Bible but becomes more and more self-contained. Pearu on the other hand seems to enjoy an easygoing life. 1905 revolution affects Andres and his family in horrible ways. Now Andres also loses faith in God.

Part Two
The action, based largely on the author’s own memories, takes place in the private grammar school of Mr. Maurus in the early years of the 20th century. The main hero, Indrek, son of Andres, is a young man from the country who comes to town to study. In Maurus’ school he meets a colorful variety of teachers and students of different nations and becomes familiar with new ideas and ways. He is much influenced by the radical opinions of some of the teachers, as well as by the manipulations of Maurus, whom he later blames for having taught him how to tell lies.

The second part of “Truth and Justice” has often been named “man’s battle with God”. Indrek, having come from a strong religious background of rural regions of the time, starts questioning the existence of God. He falls deeply in love with Maurus’ only daughter Ramilda, and when she dies of tuberculosis, Indrek renounces God, publishing an article in the school paper, which gets him expelled.

Part Three
Volume III deals with 1905–1907 revolution. It conveys the moods of masses and episodes of fighting. At the decisive moment of the revolution, the main character Indrek remains a bystander. He euthanizes his dying mother, Mari, by giving in to her repeated demands to let her overdose on pain killers.

Part Four
The fourth book is a story about the basic conflict between husband and wife, man and woman, during the early years of the Estonian Republic. A decade has passed since the end of the First World War and the Estonian War of Independence, and people of the new republic try to follow the European trends, sometimes forgetting the old traditions. It is a world of freedom and democracy, but also a world of fishy mortgage, real estate and business affairs.

While Karin, Indrek's wife, wishes to be a part of the rising middle and upper class society, Indrek thinks that salvation and meaning of life can be found only in hard work. The inability of husband and wife to understand each other creates a dramatic conflict with unexpectedly tragic consequences.

Although written in the beginning of the 1930s, the story contains many striking resemblances to the social atmosphere in modern Estonia.

Part Five
In part five, events take place in the countryside once more. Here the life is being observed roughly half a century after the events in the first book. In a simple lifestyle and hard work, the protagonist can finally rediscover his inner balance.

Notable characters

Andres

Pearu
Andres’ nemesis Pearu is not evil in his heart. Though he  is restless in harassing his neighbour and is motivated by jealousy and need to compete, he has also a brighter side – he can be kind, friendly and magnanimous. He enjoys life as a game, bickering and contest. Right and wrong, good and evil, truth and lie are all a game to him.

Indrek
Indrek was born to into a traditional farm family before the turn of the 20th century.
In Vol.II, he leaves home for an education at a private school where he is exposed to modern skepticism. His first love is a girl who dies of tuberculosis. It's a trauma which shakes his belief in God and leads to his expulsion from school.
In Vol.III, he moves to town and accidentally gets caught up in a group associated with the Russian revolution of 1905. Initially the lofty ideals appeal to him. As they are put into action, however, he is appalled by the gratuitous violence and self-serving actions of many of the revolutionaries. At the height of the violence, Indrek leaves the group to tend to his mother, suffering greatly and in need of pain killers. After Indrek acquires some from town, his mother badgers Indrek to give her an overdose which euthanizes her.
In Vol.IV, marries and starts a family. Family life is unhappy.
In Vol.V, he returns to the family farm where he began.
So far, only Vol.I has appeared in English. Translations of Vol.II and III, are in progress.

Mister Maurus
Mister Maurus (, also Papa Maurus) is an archetypal school teacher character, inspired by Hugo Treffner.

The character appears primarily in the second part of Tammsaare's pentalogy.

Film

In 2019, the first book in the pentalogy was adapted into a film by director Tanel Toom for Allfilm and starred Priit Loog as Andres, Priit Võigemast as Pearu, Ester Kuntu as Mari, and 	Maiken Schmidt as Krõõt. By mid-March 2019, Toom's critically acclaimed adaptation has become the most-watched film ever shown in Estonian cinemas.

References

Estonian novels
Novel series
1926 novels
Estonian novels adapted into films
Novels set in Estonia


Mutluru is one of the largest villages in the Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It has a population of around 7806 as of 2014 and is part of the Vatticherukuru mandal area. Mutluru is south of Guntur, the district's capital. Politically, it comes under Prathipadu constituency.

It's one of the pilgrim places in Mutlur. Every year on 3 December, St. Xavier's feast is celebrated.
People from all over the state come to the village to receive the blessings of St. Xavier.

References

External links

Villages in Guntur district


Praticolella berlandieriana is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Polygyridae.

References

Polygyridae

Gastropods described in 1833
Taxa named by Moïse Étienne Moricand


Hollands Glorie: Luv' is a budget-priced compilation album by Dutch girl group Luv' released by CNR Records in 2002. It features hit singles scored in the charts between 1979 and 1981: "Ooh, Yes I Do", "Ann-Maria", "One More Little Kissie", "My Number One" and "Tingalingaling". These songs originate from their studio albums True Luv' (1979) and Forever Yours (1980). They are part of the CNR back catalogue and are licensed from Hans van Hemert productions, except the "Megamix '93" renamed "Hit-medley (Megamix)".

Track listing
All tracks written by Hans van Hemert and Piet Souer under the pseudonym 'Janschen & Janschens', except where noted.

 "My Number One" – 3:11
 Taken from the album Forever Yours (1980)
 "One More Little Kissie" – 3:46
 Taken from the album Forever Yours (1980)
 "Tingalingaling" – 2:31
 Taken from the album Forever Yours (1980)
 "Ann-Maria (Piet Souer) – 4:41
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
 "Rhythm 'n' Shoes (Hans van Hemert) – 3:07
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
 "Ooh, Yes I Do" (van Hemert) – 2:58
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
"Never Wanted to Be..." – 4:34
 Taken from the album Forever Yours (1980)
"Cloud Nr. 9" (van Hemert) – 3:25
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
 "Boys Goodnight" (Souer) – 2:40
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
"Flash" (van Hemert) – 3:51
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
"I Win It" – 3:05
 Taken from the album Forever Yours (1980)
"Some Call It Happiness" – 3:09
 Taken from the album Forever Yours (1980)
 "Wine, Women and Sing" (van Hemert) – 3:45
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
"Getaway" (Souer) – 3:03
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
"Stop Me" (Souer) – 3:09
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
"Let There Be Love" – 2:39
 Taken from the album True Luv' (1979)
 "Billy the Kid" – 3:16
 Taken from the album Forever Yours (1980)
 "Hit-medley (Megamix)" – 2:49
 Radio version. ("U.O.me (Waldolala)"/"Trojan Horse"/"You're the Greatest Lover"/"Ooh, Yes I Do")

Personnel
 José Hoebee – vocals
 Patty Brard – vocals
 Marga Scheide – vocals
 Ria Thielsch – vocals

Production
 Hans van Hemert – producer, songwriter
 Piet Souer – arranger/conductor, songwriter

References

External links
 Detailed Luv' discography at Rate Your Music
 Detailed Luv' discography at Discogs

Luv' albums
2002 greatest hits albums


Isodar is a theory of habitat selection in population biology proposed by Douglas W. Morris. The theory underscores the importance of the abundance and thus competition between the members of the same species in selecting habitats. The name "isodar" stems from "iso" in Latin meaning same and "dar" from Darwin.

Background and theory
An isodar, or habitat isodar, is a theory in evolutionary ecology developed in the late 1980s by Douglas W. Morris.  Isodars model density-dependent habitat selection for one or two species in two habitats according to the ideal free and ideal despotic distributions.  Isodar is a two-part word: "iso" meaning equal in Latin; "dar" for Darwinian evolution, and is defined as all combinations of population densities in habitats A and B such that both habitats offer the same fitness reward.

Animals displaying an ideal free distribution distribute themselves among patches (sources of a resource) in such a way that each individual get the same amount of the resource.  For example, if food is twice as abundant in habitat A compared to habitat B, the ideal free distribution-based model would predict that there will accordingly be twice as many animals competing for food in habitat A compared to habitat B.  If the total number of animals is considered to be variable, there are two ways this can be plotted on a two-dimensional Cartesian graph.  One way is to plot two lines on a graph of fitness vs. density of individuals.  This graph can be used to predict the density of individuals at any given level of fitness.  The second is to plot the density of individuals in habitat A vs. the density of individuals in habitat B when the fitness of all individuals is equal.  The line in this second graph is an isodar line.

Ideal free isodars predict that a species density in habitat A will increase linearly with its density in habitat B so that each individual in the species has the same fitness.  If habitat A has higher quality resources than habitat B, then proportionately more individuals would be in habitat A then in habitat B.  This can be shown on either a Fitness-Density graph (Figure 1) or a graph of density in two habitats (Figure 2).

Applications
Isodars can be used to study density-dependent habitat selection between two species competing for two habitats. Species will equilibrate between the two habitats two maintain equal fitness within their own species and avoid competition with the other species.  Isodars have also been used to show the effect of human habitat selection on biodiversity. They can also be employed to examine the cost and density dependence of habitat selection in a population.

Criticism leveled against the method includes the fact that in attempting to condense a very complex combination of parameters into the single metric of population density, misleading conclusions about the underlying dynamics may be suggested or supported.

References

Population ecology
Evolutionary ecology


"There It Is" is a song by American singer Ginuwine. It was co-written by Harold Garvin, Cliff Jones, Bobby Terry, Jerry Vines, and Curtis Williams for his third studio album The Life (2001), while production was helmed by Jones and Vines for Big Dog Productions, with Ginuwine credited as a co-producer. The song was released as the album's lead single in January 2001 and peaked inside the Top 20 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The narrator describes how he works hard and pays the bills to provide a lifestyle for his live-in lover who does not have a job, but she does not show appreciation for what he does. Due to the content of the song (the use of the word "shit" in the bridge and chorus), a clean version tailor-made for radio play although only the original content was released on the album.

Track listing

Credits and personnel
Credits lifted from the liner notes of The Life.

Harold Garvin – writer
Cliff Jones – producer, writer
Ginuwine – co-production, vocals, writer
Bobby Terry – writer
Jerry Vines – producer, writer
Curtis Williams – writer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2001 singles
Ginuwine songs
Songs written by Ginuwine
2000 songs
550 Music singles


The Colegio Nacional de San Isidro (CNSI) is a public high school located in San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

History
It opened in March 1916, by a decree approving the plan for it, and was officially founded on May 10, 1916, under the name of "Escuela Intermedia de San Isidro" (literally:  Intermediate School of San Isidro), by a decree signed by Dr. Victorino de la Plaza, the President of the Argentine Nation, and Dr. Carlos Saavedra Lamas, the Minister of Justice and Public Instruction, at that time. This decree appointed Dr. José María Pirán as pro bono Principal (in Spanish:  "Director ad honorem").  After one year, the name of the school was changed to "Colegio Nacional San Isidro", upon the passing of the new Budget Law of 1917, and a decree dated May 11 of 1917, signed by President Dr. Hipólito Yrigoyen and José C. Salinas, Minister of Justice and Public Instruction, appointed Dr. José María Pirán as the Principal (in Spanish:  "Rector"), as well as appointing the Treasurer and several professors, by name.

Location
It is located at 165 Acassuso (the address in Spanish would show the street number last), in San Isidro City, Buenos Aires Province, near the San Isidro Cathedral. It is within walking distance to stops from bus lines 203, 333, 365, 168 and 707, to the San Isidro train station of the "Mitre" line (Actual Tba Company) or the Tren de la Costa. It is nearby the two main arteries, Del Libertador Av. and Centenario Av., that connect the northern suburbs of Greater Buenos Aires with the downtown federal district.

Admission exam
Every year, students who are interested in entering the Nacional San Isidro must attend a three-month-long admission course that meets daily. In this course, students are assessed in four different areas: Mathematics, Geography, Linguistics and History. This course is similar to the admission courses from the renowned Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires and Escuela Superior de Comercio Carlos Pellegrini. The average of all assessments is computed as the final grade for the course, and the top 500 students are admitted, though the passing grade is 4 (on a scale of 1-10). An average of about 1500 enroll in the admission course each year. The top 10 can choose the shift they will attend (morning or afternoon). The remaining 490 students are assigned a shift by means of a public drawing. However, students with a brother or sister enrolled in the school can choose the same shift as their sibling and avoid having to draw for a shift.

Curriculum
The C.N.S.I. is the only public high school in Argentina (excepting the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires) that is not officially part of the Education System made by the Ministry of Education.

External links
 Old Official website of the C.N.S.I.
 New Official website of the C.N.S.I.
 Website of the Cooperator of the C.N.S.I.

Schools in Argentina
Secondary schools in Argentina
1916 establishments in Argentina
Educational institutions established in 1916


Sudanese Americans are Americans of Sudanese ancestry or Sudanese who have American citizenship. Sudanese Americans may also include children born in the United States to an American (or to another nationality) parent and a Sudanese parent. Many Sudanese immigrated to the United States in the 1990s as war refugees, escaping from the second civil war.
In the 2012 American Community Survey, 48,763 people identified as Sudanese or Sudanese Americans who—or whose ancestors—have emigrated from their native land to the U.S. in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s.

History
With the Civil War in Sudan, in 1983, many Sudanese and South Sudanese were settled in refugee camps in other neighboring African countries (Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda.) Since 1990, Sudanese refugees in these camps have been accepted to the United States. As such, most Sudanese refugees came to the United States after 1991,  although most them hailed from South Sudan (who arrived in this country, basically, from 2001, although also were established there some Sudanese refugee communities from northern Sudan). So, many northern Sudanese settled in places such as Maine (where Darfurian people first arrived in 1993 in cities such as Portland; also, Lewiston) or Omaha, Nebraska (which had built a Sudanese community by 1997.)

Demography
According to the 2000 Census, the largest Sudanese communities (the 2000 U.S. census did not distinguish between Northern and Southern Sudanese as South Sudan was not yet an independent nation) were New York City; Detroit; Des Moines, Iowa; Alexandria, Virginia; Los Angeles; and San Diego. Sudanese and South Sudanese American communities are also found in other cities such as Greensboro, North Carolina; Dallas; Flint, MI; the Washington Metropolitan Area and many other cities. Virginia, Washington, Maryland, California, Idaho, Minnesota, and North Carolina have the largest Sudanese populations in the United States.

Since at least 1997, many Sudanese and South Sudanese have lived in Omaha, Nebraska. There are ten Sudanese and South Sudanese tribes, among which are the Northern Sudanese Maban people. According to the UNO School of Social Work, Sudanese from the Nuba Mountains and Darfur among other places have settled in Omaha. Seventeen tribes (with around 2,000 Sudanese and South Sudanese [esp. the South Sudanese Acholi tribe]) have also settled in Maine. Maine is, indeed, the state with the largest group of resettled Darfurians in the United States.

Several Sudanese ethnic groups live in the United States, including the Maban and Fur people.

Political dissidents in Northern Sudan emigrated, fleeing from the oppressive Muslim fundamentalist regime in Khartoum. Many of them migrated to refugee camps in neighboring countries, particularly Ethiopia, to escape forced conscription or, to a lesser extent, religious persecution directed specifically against followers of the Baháʼí Faith. From these camps, many were accepted to the United States. Sudanese or South Sudanese immigrated to the U.S. from different regions of Sudan due to political disagreements, educational and vocational opportunities or for family reunification, as well.

According to estimates for 2015 to 2019 from The Migration Policy Institute, 46,700 Sudanese immigrants lived in the U.S. The top six counties of settlement were as follows:

In 2023, the Top 10 cities with the most residents reporting Sudanese ancestry or origin were as follows:

Health care
Most Sudanese that have established themselves in the U.S. face numerous difficulties in accessing health care, although in varying degrees depending on factors such as educational level and having obtained medical care in Sudan. Among the linguistic and educational differences are added factors such as the discrepancy of name and date of birth, and a general lack of prior medical documentation, causing confusion in the American health system.

With no prior care or checkups in Sudan, immigrants from this country are found with medical conditions previously unknown to them. Many Sudanese have diabetes, hypertension, food allergies, severe cases of depression, loss of vision and hearing, parasitism, and dental problems, although it's feeding change in the U.S.

In addition, Sudanese Americans often stop taking their medication when symptoms resolve, which often contradicts doctors' recommendations.

Organizations
Sudanese Americans (whether from North or South Sudan) created several associations. In 1999, due to linguistic or educational barriers, a Sudanese group from Rochester, Minnesota, founded the New Sudan-American Hope (NSAH) to help Sudanese refugees in the resettlement process. Almost a decade later and with members from diverse backgrounds, NSAH still helps refugees in Rochester and has also informed others of the effects of civil war in Sudan.

Notable people

 Nawal M. Nour, gynecologist
 Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im, professor
 Elfatih Eltahir, Professor of Hydrology and Climate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT
 Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh, imam
 Oddisee, musician
 Safia Elhillo, poet
 Bas, born in Paris to Sudanese parents
 Dua Saleh, singer
Girmay Zahilay, American politician born in Sudan to Ethiopian parents

See also
 Sudanese Australians
 Sudanese British
 Sudan–United States relations

References

American

Political refugees in the United States


Pretty (or I Feel Pretty) is a television advertisement launched in 2006 by Nike, Inc. to promote its "Nike Women" brand of sportswear. The 60-second spot was handled by advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy in Portland, Oregon. The advert stars Russian tennis player Maria Sharapova in her first appearance as a spokesperson for the brand. Pretty debuted on U.S. television on August 20, 2006, with later appearances in cinemas and in print advertisements. It was directed by Czech director Ivan Zachariáš, with post-production and VFX work by The Mill.

The piece was a critical and popular success. It garnered several advertising and television industry awards.

Sequence
Pretty follows a day in the life of Russian tennis player Maria Sharapova. It shows her getting ready, leaving The Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and travelling by limousine to a match at New York City's Arthur Ashe Stadium pursued by paparazzi. Every person she passes on the way sings a line from "I Feel Pretty", a song performed by the character Maria in the second act of the stage musical "West Side Story". She arrives at the game, where fellow players, reporters, camera crew, the ball boys and girls, announcers, and umpire sing the chorus along with the crowd, until silenced by a powerful return ace from Sharapova. The ad ends with a superimposition of the Nike Swoosh and the strapline "Just Do It" over Sharapova as she gets into position for the next serve.

Background
The advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy began its partnership with Nike, Inc. in 1982 and, aside from a short period in the mid-1980s, has held the account ever since. In the early years of the partnership, campaigns were focused almost exclusively at male demographics, leaving the market for women's sportswear to rivals such as Reebok and LA Gear. The few campaigns targeted by Nike at women in the 1980s, including one with the copy line "It wouldn't hurt to stop eating like a pig, either.", had not proved particularly effective. Despite more successful efforts in the 1990s, such as the "If You Let Me Play" campaign, Nike decided in 1997 to briefly reassign the section of its marketing budget given to female-oriented promotion from Wieden+Kennedy to rival firm Goodby, Silverstein & Partners. Goodby's brief tenure as lead agency for this area of Nike's marketing saw it reposition the brand, eschewing the use of celebrity athletes in favour of ordinary women. However, the consolidation of Nike's account in 1999 with Wieden+Kennedy marked the return of celebrity endorsements to Nike campaigns, including athletes such as Olympic runner Suzy Favor-Hamilton. Pretty continued this trend, and showcased the debut of Maria Sharapova as a spokesperson for the brand.

Maria Sharapova had been playing tennis professionally since 2001, and became the youngest girl to reach the final at the junior Australian Open the following year, at the age of 14. In 2004, Sharapova became the third-youngest winner of the women's Wimbledon Championships. By 2005, she was ranked Number 1 in the world. Pretty was filmed and released in the run-up to Sharapova's appearance in the 2006 U.S. Open, a tournament she would go on to win.

Production
Production of the commercial began in early 2006. Wieden+Kennedy signed up director Ivan Zachariáš, known for his award-winning work on Land Rover's "Born Free" campaign and the Stella Artois pieces Plague and Pilot, to direct Pretty. Filming was done entirely on location, and the performances by the actors used in the spot were recorded live on set by miniature microphones concealed in their costume. Pretty was to be the first time Sharapova would appear in the Nike performance tennis dress she would wear to the U.S. Open. The stadium scene was filmed with only 100 extras, along with Tennis Hall of Fame inductee John McEnroe, his brother and captain of the 2004 U.S. Men's Olympic tennis team, Patrick McEnroe, and two-time tennis Olympic gold medalist Mary Joe Fernandez. The remaining 26,000 members of the crowd were created by The Mill before filming even began, using Massive, and were added to the scene in post production. Flame was used for minor enhancements to the piece, including adding reflections and other cleanup.

Release and reception
Pretty debuted on U.S. television on Sunday, August 20, 2006, in a commercial break during Fox's annual Teen Choice Awards ceremony, a week before the start of the 2006 U.S. Open. Its run continued in bursts throughout the remainder of 2006 and the first quarter of 2007. The ad proved fairly popular, and was praised for showing female athletes as strong and self-assured, in direct contrast to an earlier campaign run during the 2004 Summer Olympics which showed Olympic runner Suzy Favor-Hamilton fleeing from a masked killer.

The piece was also critically successful, receiving awards from the advertising and television industries, including two Cannes Gold Lions in the categories of Film and Best Use of Music. It was shortlisted alongside Paint (Sony), Power of Wind (Epuron) and  eventual winner Evolution (Dove) for the festival's Grand Prix.

Other awards given to the team behind Pretty include a silver award in the "Retail" category of the British Television Advertising Awards, and a bronze Clio Award in the "Apparel/Fashion" category.

Maria Sharapova went on to win the 2006 U.S. Open, and continues to act as a celebrity spokesperson for the Nike brand. In 2008, she was the focus of another Wieden+Kennedy piece entitled Be Your Own Fan, part of the web-based "Here I Am" advertising campaign, which charts her career to date in animated form.

References

External links
Pretty at the Smuggler production company website. (.mov format)
Pretty on YouTube

2006 works
American television commercials
2000s television commercials
Nike, Inc. advertising
Wieden+Kennedy


New Mexico State Road 12 (NM 12) is a primarily west–east state road in western New Mexico. The road is  long and runs from U.S. Route 180 (US 180) west of Reserve to US 60 in Datil. NM 12 is located entirely within Catron County. The road's original alignment ran south from its western terminus to near Mule Creek, but this section was later removed. The road was designated a State Highway by the New Mexico legislature in 1917. State Road 12 was paved during the 1950s.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

012
Transportation in Catron County, New Mexico


Urique is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Urique. The municipality covers an area of 3,968.6 km².

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 20,386, up from 19,567 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the town of Urique had a population of 1,102. Other than the town of Urique, the municipality had 1,214 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: San Rafael (2,160), Cerocahui (1,556), and Bahuichivo (1,502), classified as rural.

Geography

Towns and villages
The municipality has 857 localities. The largest are:

References

Municipalities of Chihuahua (state)


Uruachi  is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Uruachi. The municipality covers an area of 3,058.31 km2.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 8,200, up from 7,934 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the town of Uruachi had a population of 1,199. Other than the town of Uruachi, the municipality had 422 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.

Geography

Towns and villages
The municipality has 268 localities. The largest are:

History
Five residents of Santísimo de Abajo were shot and killed and their vehicle was burned on January 31, 2021.

References

Municipalities of Chihuahua (state)


Alan G. Gross (June 2, 1936 - October 16, 2020) was a professor of rhetoric and Communication Studies at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities where he also held appointments in the Center for Philosophy of Science, and in the rhetoric, scientific, and technical communication graduate program, the latter of which he was a founding faculty member.

Gross was a prolific author of dozens of articles, and author, co-author, or editor of more than a dozen books in rhetorical theory, rhetorical criticism, and the rhetoric of science, perhaps the most well-known being The Rhetoric of Science (Harvard University Press, 1990 and 1996)  which was reviewed by the historian and philosopher of science Joseph Agassi.

In 2008, Gross and co-author Joseph Harmon won Best Book in Technical or Scientific Communication from NCTE for The Scientific Literature: A Guided Tour. In 2014, he was named Distinguished Scholar by the National Communication Association, their highest honor.

An internationally recognized scholar, Gross held appointments at Australian National University; at the Centre for Rhetoric Studies, Cape Town;  at the Internationales Forschungszentrum Kulturwissenschaften, Vienna; and at the Institute for Advanced Study, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.

A video of Gross discussing his scholarship and research, and the development of the Rhetoric of Science as a field, was produced by the Association for the Rhetoric of Science and Technology and can be found online.

Gross received his Ph.D. in 1962 from Princeton University.

Selected books
The Rhetoric of Science, Harvard University Press, 1990 and 1996.
Rhetorical Hermeneutics: Invention and Interpretation in the Age of Science, co-editor William M. Keith, State University of New York Press, 1997.
Rereading Aristotle's Rhetoric, (co-editor Arthur E. Walzer) Southern Illinois University Press, 2000.
Chaim Perelman, co-author Ray D. Dearin, State University of New York Press,  2003.
Communicating Science: The Scientific Article from the 17th Century to the Present, co-authors Joseph E. Harmon, Michael Reidy, Oxford University Press, 2002.
Starring the Text: The Place of Rhetoric in Science Studies, Southern Illinois University Press, 2006.
The Scientific Literature: A Guided Tour, co-editor Joseph E. Harmon, University of Chicago Press, 2007.
The Craft of Scientific Communication, co-author Joseph E. Harmon, University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Science from Sight to Insight: How Scientists Illustrate Meaning, co-author Joseph E. Harmon, University of Chicago Press, 2014.
The Internet Revolution in the Sciences and Humanities, co-author Joseph E. Harmon, Oxford University Press, 2016.
The Scientific Sublime: Popular Science Unravels the Mysteries of the Universe, Oxford University Press, 2018.

See also
Rhetoric of science

References

External links
Faculty page at University of Minnesota

University of Minnesota faculty
Princeton University alumni
1936 births
2020 deaths


Tua Birgitta Forsström (born 2 April 1947) is a Finland-Swedish writer who writes in Swedish. She was awarded the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1998 for the poetry collection Efter att ha tillbringat en natt bland hästar. Forsström's work is known for its engagement with the Finnish landscape, travel and conflicts within relationships. She often uses quotations in her work, sometimes placing them directly into her poems and at other times using them as introductions or interludes in her sequences. She has used quotations from Egon Friedell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Hermann Hesse and Friedrich Nietszche. In the collection After Spending a Night Among Horses () (1997) Forsström uses quotations from the Andrei Tarkovsky film Stalker, they are placed as interludes in a sequence of pieces and sit alone on the page, without direct reference to their source on the page, leaving this to a Notes & Quotations section at the end of the book.

She published her first book in 1972, A Poem about Love and Other Things (). Her breakthrough into the English-speaking world came in 1987 with her sixth collection, Snow Leopard (), which was translated into the English by David McDuff and published by Bloodaxe Books. In 1990, the book won a Poetry Book Society Translation Award in the United Kingdom. In 2006, I Studied Once at a Wonderful Faculty was published by Bloodaxe Books, with translations from David McDuff and Stina Katchadourian. The collection contains Snow Leopard () (1987), The Parks () (1992), After Spending a Night Among Horses () (1997) and a new poem sequence called Minerals.

On 7 February 2019, Forsström was elected a member of the Swedish Academy, succeeding Katarina Frostenson in seat 18. She was inducted in December 2019.

Bibliography

 A Poem About Love and Other Things () (1972)
 Where the Notes End () (1974)
 Actually We are Very Happy () (1976)
 Yellow bird's-nest () (1979)
 September (1983)
 Snow Leopard () (1987)
 The Mariana Trench () (1990)
 The Parks () (1992)
 After Having Spent a Night Among Horses () (1997)
 I Studied Once at a Wonderful Faculty'' () (2003)

Awards
Nordic Council's Literature Prize 1998

References

1947 births
Living people
People from Porvoo
Finnish poets in Swedish
Nordic Council Literature Prize winners
Finnish women poets
20th-century Finnish poets
20th-century Finnish women writers
21st-century Finnish women writers
21st-century Finnish poets
International Writing Program alumni
Swedish-speaking Finns
Members of the Swedish Academy