Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is one of the world's top tourist destination cities. Each year, approximately 22.7 million international visitors arrive in Bangkok. MasterCard ranked Bangkok as the world's top destination city (by international visitor arrivals in its Global Destination Cities Index), with 15.98 million projected visitors in 2013. It topped the MasterCard Global Destinations Cities Index as the most visited city in the world in 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The city is ranked fourth in cross-border spending, with 14.3 billion dollars projected for 2013, after New York, London and Paris. Euromonitor International ranked Bangkok sixth in its Top City Destinations Ranking for 2011. Bangkok has also been named "World's Best City" by Travel + Leisure magazine's survey of its readers for four consecutive years since 2010.

As the principal gateway for arriving visitors, Bangkok is visited by the majority of international tourists to the country. Domestic tourism is also prominent. The Department of Tourism recorded 26,861,095 Thai and 11,361,808 foreign visitors to Bangkok in 2010. Lodgings saw 15,031,244 guests, who occupied 49.9 percent of the city's 86,687 hotel rooms. Chinese visitors spend a lot of money and most goes to retailers in Bangkok. Chinese visitors stayed an average of one week in Thailand, spending US$1,000-1,300 each or US$167 per day each.

Bangkok's sights, attractions, and city life appeal to diverse groups of tourists. Royal palaces and temples as well as museums constitute its major historical and cultural tourist attractions. Shopping and dining experiences offer a range of choices and prices. The city is also famous for its nightlife. Although Bangkok's reputation for sex tourism is well established, it is downplayed by the government.

Palaces and wats

Bangkok, the centre of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, has been the capital of Thailand since 1782, when the seat of government was moved across the Chao Phraya River from the Thonburi (west bank) side of the river. There are many palaces in the city, some still used by the Thai royal family, while others are now open to the public. A number have become government or academic buildings as well as museums.
The king's official residence is the Grand Palace, which has housed Thailand's monarchs for over 200 years. Before the 1932 Revolution ended absolute monarchy, the complex was the home of Thai government: it included royal courts and administrative branches, similar to the earlier capital at Ayutthaya. It houses Chakri Mahaprasat Hall and Wat Phra Kaew, which contains the Emerald Buddha, considered the most important temple in Thailand. However, the more modern Chitralada Palace was the actual Bangkok residence of the previous monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and his Queen Sirikit.

Of the hundreds of Buddhist temples (or wats) in Bangkok, only a few are of much interest to tourists. When King Taksin led his troops out of Ayutthaya and into Thonburi in 1767 CE, they took refuge in Wat Arun. The most prominent feature is a tall chedi built in the 1820s that stands . It was tallest structure in Bangkok until modern skyscrapers were built a few decades ago.

Wat Pho, also known as the Temple of the Reclining Buddha or Wat Phra Chetuphon, is south of the Temple of the Emerald Buddha and the Grand Palace. It is Bangkok's largest temple and contains a huge reclining Buddha figure that is  long and is covered with gold leaf. The feet alone are  in size.

Wat Suthat is one of the oldest temples and the site of the Giant Swing, formerly used in an annual Brahman ceremony. A huge teak arch from which the swing was hung still stands in front of the temple.

Wat Saket, or the Golden Mount (Phu Khao Thong in Thai), houses relics of the Buddha in a 58-metre-high chedi surmounted by a golden cupola. Built by King Rama I just outside the new city's walls, the temple served as the main crematorium. In the century after its construction, some 60,000 plague victims were either cremated there or placed outside for vultures to devour.

Public parks
Queen Sirikit Park (สวนสมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสิริกิติ์): It was built to commemorate the 60th birthday of Queen Sirikit. A big pool in the park contains three fountains and a fine collection of both Thai and foreign lotuses.

Lumphini Park (สวนลุมพินี): This was a huge open space once belonging to King Rama VI, who issued a royal command to turn the area into a public park as a gift to Bangkok residents.

Princess Mother Memorial Park (อุทยานเฉลิมพระเกียรติสมเด็จพระศรีนครินทราบรมราชชนนี): It was built near the Wat Anongkharam community where Somdej Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani, the Princess Mother, had resided during her childhood. The park includes a full-scale model of the Princess Mother's house and old buildings renovated as exhibition halls displaying the life of the Princess Mother as well as the history of the Wat Anongkharam community.

Nagaraphirom Park (สวนนาคราภิรมย์): The small public park with good atmosphere behind Grand Palace by the Chao Phraya River in the area between Tha Tian and Tha Chang

Santichaiprakarn Park (สวนสันติชัยปราการ): A small public park by the Chao Phraya River in the Bang Lamphu area. Located of Phra Sumen Fort, beautiful Santichaiprakarn Throne Hall, and last mangrove apple in Bangkok.

Museums

Chulalongkorn University (พิพิธภัณฑ์ในจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย) comprises several museums located around the university such as Museum of Human Body, Museum of Imagery Technology, Museum of Animal Parasitology, Museum of Geology, Museum of Natural History, Snail Museum of Thailand and more.

The National Gallery Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ หอศิลป) is the former location of the Royal Thai Mint and exhibits collections of both traditional Thai and contemporary art. A number of oil paintings made by the King in his earlier years are exhibited here.

The National Museum (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ พระนคร) is housed in former palace of the Wang Na or second king, Kromphraratchawangbowon Mahasurasinghanat, the designated heir to the throne in former years. Built simultaneously with the Grand Palace for Rama I's brother, the complex contains several major throne halls: Phra Thinang Siwamok Phiman, Phra Thinang Phutthaisawan, and Phra Thinang Itsara Winitchai.

Rattanakosin Exhibition Hall (นิทรรศน์รัตนโกสินทร์) recounts the rich history of Bangkok's inner city, also known as Rattanakosin Island, with modern presentation methods. One of Bangkok's newest museums, opened in 2010 on Ratchadamnoen Avenue close to Wat Ratchanatdaram.

Suan Pakkad Palace (วังสวนผักกาด) is a complex of eight Thai-style houses was once the residence of one of Thailand's leading art collectors, Prince Chumbhot of Nagara Svarga. It contains an extensive collection of Asian art and antiques, including items from the prehistoric Ban Chiang civilisation, and a collection of rare seashells. The Khon (classical Thai masked dance) Museum and the Traditional Thai Music Museum are also here.

The Vimanmek Mansion Museum (พระที่นั่งวิมานเมฆ) is the world's largest golden teak. It was built on Ko Chang by King Rama V, but was moved to the compound of the Dusit Palace on Ratchawithi Road when 19th century French imperialists threatened the original location. The three-storey royal mansion has 81 rooms, halls, and ante-chambers, all containing royal memorabilia from the fifth reign. Royally-sponsored Thai art masterpieces are also on display near Vimanmek at the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม) as part of the "Arts of the Kingdom" exhibition.

The Siriraj Medical Museum, in the Siriraj Hospital on the west bank of the Chao Praya, is a large six-section medical museum with diverse exhibits on medicine in general, forensic medicine, and the history and present state of medical profession in Thailand. Often overlooked by tourists, the exhibits are a valuable resource for both medical professionals and interested laypersons.

Siriraj Bimuksthan Museum, in the area of Siriraj Piyamaharajkarun Hospital next to the Chao Praya River, is a museum that exhibits Rear Palace which is its original location from the early Rattanakosin period and later, Bangkok Noi Railway Station with has a history related to World War II.

Bangkok Noi Museum, the museum shows the way of life of Bangkok Noi people since the past. Which Bangkok Noi District is considered to be one of the longest historical districts in Bangkok.

The Museum of Siam, on Chanamchai Road, focuses on the provenance of people of Thailand with a focus on the people of Bangkok.

Khaosan Museum, The history of Khaosan Road and its environs. The museum depicts the way of life and history of Khaosan Road in the days before it became a byword for backpackers from around the world. It is on the 2nd floor of Kraichitti's house.

Bangkokian Museum, the live of people during the past 100 years is well-preserved in this museum. The house of Warapon Suvadee was transformed into this museum designed to keep the heritages to the future generations.

National Museum of Royal Barges, is a museum for storing the royal vessels used in the Royal Barge Procession, which is an ancient tradition since the Ayutthaya period. Currently under the supervision of the Royal Thai Navy.

Wat Traimit Museum, located on the top floor of the chapel of Wat Traimit, the temple that enshrined the largest golden Buddha statue in the world. It exhibits the history and lifestyle of overseas Chinese who lived in Sampeng in the past. Which is the location of the temple at this time is the current Yaowarat or better known as Chinatown.

Ban Mo Wan, was created by Mo Wan or Wan Rodmuang under the traditional Thai medicine who lived in the reigns of King Rama V - VIII (1870 - 1945). In the past, the physician lived at the intersection of Unakan Road (a Charoen Krung Road in the present) and later moved near to the Giant Swing on the current location. It is a colonial-style old building, which is a house as well as a traditional Thai medicine shop that has been inherited for more than 4 generations. The building is still filled with antiquities that tell the story of the past as well as the ancient medicine over a hundred years. It has been very popular in the past and the medicine production process is still being relayed in a traditional way by the old equipments with the age of hundred over years.

The Museum of Floral Culture, located in Dusit District nor far from Vimanmek Mansion, a complex of Dusit Palace. Occupying the two floors of a beautiful 100-year-old colonial house and surrounded by a superb garden, this museum is dedicated to the history and techniques of floral arrangements in wedding or religious ceremonies, official occasions and royal events, the complexity of which is too often unsuspected and beauty overlooked.

Cruise

The Chao Phraya River & Bangkok's Canals (khlongs): Nineteenth-century Bangkok was laced with canals, giving the capital the appellation "Venice of the East". Surviving canals and the Chao Phraya River provide a glimpse of a traditional waterborne way-of-life that has remained essentially unchanged over centuries. The river and canals may be explored by chartered boat or cruise.

Dinner Cruise: Riverine Bangkok offers some of the capital's most arresting sights, particularly at night when the weather is cooler and reflections dot the Chao Phraya River with flickering lights.

Cultural performances
Jim Thompson Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์จิม ทอมป์สัน) was constructed by American expatriate Jim Thompson from several traditional Thai-style houses, dismantled and assembled into one dwelling. Thompson helped restore and promote the Thai homemade silk industry after World War II. Following his mysterious disappearance in Malaysia in 1967, his home was turned into a museum to display his priceless collection of Asian art.

M.R. Kukrit's House (บ้านซอยสวนพลู), Thai traditional wooden house of M.R. Kukrit Pramoj, former Prime Minister of Thailand located on Soi Suan Phlu (Sathon 3 Alley). Here, it maintains many heritage of Thai wisdom.

Khlong Bang Luang Artist House (บ้านศิลปิน), antique wooden house over 200 years old by the Khlong Bangkok Yai is a showcase of many art works and also a Thai puppet show.

Lhong 1919 (ล้ง 1919), port and warehouse aged over 160 years on the Chao Phraya River, built in ancient Chinese architecture, at present, it has been restored to be a learning center about Thai-Chinese relations including a center for displaying and selling products of young designers.

ChangChui (ช่างชุ่ย), locates in the old district of Thonburi is new shopping area at the side of Thonburi. It was an idea of Mr Lim Somchai, the founder of Flynow, who wanted to transform an empty land into a land of "unlimited creativity that give opportunities to the new generations to use their creativity, passion, inspiration, knowledge and art in making their careers". There are many food stalls, restaurants, cafés and street foods and the highlight here is a huge plane that parks in the middle of the hall. There is a restaurant called Nao, which is taken from Noah's Ark, who would take the animals into the boat to escape the world's floods according to faith in the book of Genesis of Christianity. Its name can be roughly translated as "Heedlessly Artisan" or "Very Heedlessly".

Theatres
The National Theatre (โรงละครแห่งชาติ), the national theatre of Thailand located near foot of Phra Pinklao Bridge beside to Sanam Luang, is the main venue for the "Khon", a National Dance Performances.

Chaloem Krung Royal Theatre (เฉลิมกรุงรอยัลเธียเตอร์) is on Charoen Krung Road (New Road) in Wang Burapha area near the Old Siam Plaza. Thai dramas and plays are staged, while Khon, are occasionally performed here.

The Traditional Thai Puppet Theatre (นาฏยศาลา หุ่นละครเล็ก) hosts the Hun Lakhon Lek puppet show. It was inspired by Master Sakhon Yangkhieosot (also known as Joe Louis), named a National Artist in 1996. Hun Lakhon Lek usually performs episodes of the "Ramakian", the Thai version of the Ramayana epic. Sakhon Nattasin is currently the only performing troupe of Hun Lakhon Lek in Thailand, and in 2000 received a Thailand Tourism Award in Recreational Attraction from the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT).

Patravadi Theatre (ภัทราวดีเธียเตอร์) Renowned for its lavish productions, this outdoor theatre has gained popularity through its modern adaptations of classical Asian literature, with each play demonstrating a blend of various theatrical techniques.

Siam Niramit (สยามนิรมิต) has state-of-the-art cultural performances which have achieved international standards. Located in the centre of Bangkok, it opens everyday, presenting one of the world's largest stage productions. It uses special techniques integrated with drama to depict the history of each region of Thailand including depictions of hell, the forest of Himmaphan, heavens, and lands beyond imagination from Thai literature. There is also a performance of Thailand's arts and cultural heritage. The show is staged by more than 150 performers with as many as 500 costumes in a luxurious theatre with a capacity of more than 2,000 seats.

Thailand Cultural Centre (ศูนย์วัฒนธรรมแห่งประเทศไทย) is a performing arts venue in Huai Khwang District.

Hotels
A number of luxury hotel chains can be found in Bangkok, such as the Peninsula Bangkok, which in 2006 made the top 10 in Travel and Leisure magazine's top 100 hotels list, coming in at number 4, while the Oriental Hotel claimed the ninth spot. Sukhumvit Road hosts a series of international chains such as JW Marriott, The Landmark, InterContinental, Sheraton, and many boutique hotels such as Tenface Bangkok, The Davis, Unico Grande Sukhumvit. The Banyan Tree on Sathon, one of Bangkok's tallest hotels, featured the highest bar and restaurant in the city, Vertigo, until the launch of Sirocco Restaurant on top of State Tower,  up from the streets of Bang Rak.

Bangkok offers a number of smaller boutique hotels for travelers seeking uniquely designed lodgings and personalized service. There are large numbers of inexpensive hotels scattered throughout the city such as Yaowarat Road, most notably in the backpackers' paradise of Khaosan Road. Motels are uncommon in Bangkok. Bed and breakfasts (B&Bs) adapted to the Asian lifestyle are a fast-growing segment. A variety of these small houses can be found in Phloen Chit, Watthana, and Khlong Toei.

Shopping

Thailand has a variety of shopping experiences, from street markets to world class luxury malls. Tourists have historically always preferred markets and bazaars to the other forms of shopping. The Chatuchak weekend market is one of the largest shopping destinations in Bangkok. Water markets are gradually disappearing, but remain strong tourist attractions as many tours are offered through the canals the markets are located on.

Bangkok includes over 15 world class malls situated around Bangkok, many centered around Sukhumvit Road and Ploenchit-Ratchaprasong. There are approximately 25 shopping malls, 35 lifestyle shopping centers, 40 department stores, 55 superstores, and 1,100 convenience stores around Bangkok.

Shopping in Bangkok is not limited to one or two major streets. There are many areas throughout Bangkok affording ample choices and easy access. The following is a selection of some of the principal shopping areas.

Phloen Chit-Ratchaprasong (เพลินจิต-ราชประสงค์): Top department stores and luxury shopping malls are concentrated in the area, namely Gaysorn Plaza, Isetan, Erawan Bangkok, Peninsula Plaza, all of which together make the largest shopping promenade in Bangkok. Furthermore, Central World Plaza and Narayana Phand Pavilion, host the official handicraft centre selling items from all parts of the country. Ratchaprasong intersection is the gateway to several shopping areas such as Phloen Chit-Sukhumvit, Siam Square-Mahboonkrong, Silom and Pratunam-Phetchaburi.

Silom-Surawong-Patpong (สีลม-สุรวงศ์-พัฒพงษ์): Silom Road is the main artery of Bangkok's commercial heart and is paralleled by Surawong Road, while Patpong runs crosswise between the two. In addition to housing dozens of specialist shops and boutiques representing all the major buys, this area also boasts many branches of well-known retailers and several shopping plazas. Street stalls also abound, most notably at Patpong's famous night market.

Pratunam-Phetchaburi (ประตูน้ำ-เพชรบุรี): A highlight in the district is Pratunam market, one of Bangkok's biggest centres for ready-to-wear clothing.

MBK Center (มาบุญครอง): A shopping center and Siam Square (สยามสแควร์) area are targeted towards bargain shoppers.

Local life

Approaching the Bangkokian native people is possible by walking around the cultural neighbourhood. These are some local and rich-in-culture neighbourhoods that offer a great experience for visiting Bangkok.
 Kudi Chin neighbourhood (ชุมชนกุฎีจีน) is a neighbourhood consists of four main cultural groups; Thai Buddhists, Catholics, Chinese and Muslims. The neighbourhood preserves its iconic architecture and people's living so well. The must-try dish is the Kanom Farang.
  Talat Noi neighbourhood (ย่านตลาดน้อย) a historic neighbourhood of Thai Chinese descent by the Chao Phraya River, not far from Yaowarat.
Charoen Krung Creative District was the first modern road of Thailand that now sits unsignificant. Lead by Thailand Creative and Design Centre or TCDC, the project aims to create the awareness and bring people to touch the life and iconic architecture of this area.
Charoen Chai neighbourhood (ชุมชนเจริญไชย) the community of Thai Chinese people who are flanked by Charoen Krung and Phlappha Chai Roads. They have been living here for a long time since the early Chinatown and still maintain ancient traditions and occupations to this day.
 Sam Phraeng Alleys neighbourhood (ย่านสามแพร่ง) a historic neighbourhood within Rattanakosin Island. It is divided into three alleys.
 Ban Krua Community (ชุมชนบ้านครัว) a last Thai silk Muslim community in Bangkok, not far from Jim Thompson Museum.
 Ban Bu Community (ชุมชนบ้านบุ) a last Thai handicraft community in making stone polished bronze bowl.
 Ban Bat Community (ชุมชนบ้านบาตร) a last Bangkokian community in making monk's alms bowl.
Wat Champa Community (ชุมชนวัดจำปา) also known as Ko San Chao Community (ชุมชนเกาะศาลเจ้า) a community of planters in Taling Chan District, surrounded by orchards and ditches. Nowadays, they still maintain the traditional way of life as in the past, there is also homestay for visitors to experience the lifestyle here. Moreover, this community is also the last source that still maintains the banana engraving method, which is a traditional sculpting works used in various auspicious ceremonies.
Hua Takhe Community (ชุมชนหัวตะเข้) a traditional community along the Khlong Prawet Burirom in east suburb Bangkok, the community contains many different shops, which are getting rare these day. More than 100 years old, it still retains the quaint charm of the old day. Visitors will be pleased with the traditional market and community atmosphere while enjoying agreat variety of tasty food.
 Maha Sawasdee Boat Trip during the boat trip to Maha Sawasdee, one of the most interesting places to visit is the agriculture because the area specialises in farming and most people there are in the agriculture industry. One can have fun with collecting lotus or visit the fruit garden of Uncle Boonlert to watch the orchard and mixed farming with seasonal fruits. Also, the rice fields are a popular site for visitors.
Ban Lao Community (ชุมชนบ้านลาว) also known as Bang Sai Kai Community (ชุมชนบางไส้ไก่) a traditional community of Thai Lao people near Wongwian Yai, the last community in Bangkok that still maintains the production of bamboo flute.

See also
Tourism in Thailand
 Safari World

References

External links

Bangkok Travel Guide with DIY Itinerary


Matthew Gillespie (24 December 1869 – 1947) was a Scottish footballer whose regular position was as a forward. Born in Bridgeton, Glasgow, he played for Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Accrington, Leith Athletic, Lincoln City and Newton Heath. His younger brother Billy was also a footballer – they were teammates at Lincoln and played on opposite sides in the Manchester derby.

References

1869 births
1947 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
People from Bridgeton, Glasgow
Leith Athletic F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Accrington F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Date of death missing
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Glasgow
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players


Bishop Ian Murray (15 December 1932 – 22 January 2016), was a Scottish divine, the ninth Bishop of Argyll & the Isles after the restoration of the hierarchy.

Early life
Ian Murray was born in Lennoxtown, Stirlingshire, as the eldest of the four children of John Murray and Margaret Rodgers. He was educated at St Machan's Primary School in Lennoxtown, St Ninian's High School in Kirkintilloch and the National Junior Seminary at St Mary's College in Blairs, Aberdeen.

His great uncle Paddy Murray was a footballer who played for Hibernian and Scotland.

Priesthood
After Blairs, he completed his ecclesiastical studies at the Royal Scots College (el Real Colegio de los Escoceses), Valladolid. He was ordained to the Priesthood for the Archdiocese of St Andrews & Edinburgh in the college chapel on 17 March 1956 by Bishop Joseph McGee.

After ordination, Father Murray served at St Mary's Metropolitan Cathedral, Edinburgh, St Kenneth's, Lochore and St Columba's, Edinburgh. Thereafter he returned to Valladolid as Vice-Rector until 1970. On returning to Scotland he was appointed as the Catholic chaplain to the University of Stirling where he remained until 1977. He then served at Our Lady & St Bride's, Cowdenbeath and subsequently at St Ninian's, Restalrig.

In 1987 Father Murray was appointed Rector of the Royal Scots College in Valladolid. He assisted with the transfer of the College to Salamanca in 1988 and remained there until his return to Scotland in 1994.  On recommencing his work in the Archdiocese he served in Galashiels, Falkirk and was appointed Vicar General of the Archdiocese of St Andrews & Edinburgh.

Episcopate
In 1999, Monsignor Ian Murray was nominated ninth Bishop of Argyll & the Isles by Pope John Paul II. He was consecrated by Archbishop Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien on 7 December that year, the feast of St Ambrose, a patron of the Royal Scots College.

On 15 December 2008, reaching 75 years of age, in accordance with Canon Law, Bishop Murray submitted his resignation to Pope Benedict XVI, who appointed the Very Reverend Monsignor Joseph Anthony Toal, the Rector of the Royal Scots College, to succeed him as tenth Bishop of Argyll & the Isles. In retirement Bishop Murray lived at St Columba's, Newington, St Mary's Metropolitan Cathedral, Edinburgh and then, until his death in January 2016, with the Little Sisters of the Poor at St Joseph's House, Gilmore Place, Edinburgh.

Following his demise, Requiem Mass was offered for Bishop Murray in the presence of the Metropolitan of St Andrews & Edinburgh and the hierarchy of Scotland at St Columba's Cathedral, Oban on Friday 5 February 2016. On the same day he was buried at Pennyfuir Cemetery alongside his predecessors.

Bishop Murray's motto "Obedience gives strength" was taken from the writings of St Teresa of Avila who once wrote, “When I was in Salamanca in 1571 the Lord said to me, 'Daughter, obedience gives strength'”.

External links
Biographical information

Roman Catholic bishops of Argyll and the Isles
1932 births
2016 deaths
People from Lennoxtown
People educated at St Ninian's High School, Kirkintilloch


Cimarron Municipal Airport  is in Gray County, Kansas, United States, two miles north of Cimarron, which owns it.

Facilities
The airport covers  and has two runways: 01/19 is 2,800 x 32 ft (853 x 10 m) asphalt and 11/29 is 2,450 x 50 ft (747 x 15 m) turf.

In the year ending June 13, 2006 the airport had 3,500 general aviation aircraft operations, average 10 per day. Ten aircraft were then based at the airport,
all single-engine.

References

External links

Airports in Kansas
Buildings and structures in Gray County, Kansas


Jorge Gibson Brown (3 April 1880 – 3 January 1936) was an Argentine footballer of Scottish ancestry, who was one of the most important figures in the early years of the sport in that country. During his career, he won a total of 21 titles playing for Alumni and Quilmes and captained the Argentina national team between 1908 and 1913.

Biography

Jorge started playing football in the reserve team of the English High School A.C. team. In 1896 he joined Club Palermo where he played until 1897 when he moved to Lanús Athletic Club.

In 1900 he returned to the English High School A.C. where he was part of the team that won the 1900 league championship. In 1901 the club changed its name to "Alumni Athletic Club" and over the following decade the club dominated Argentine football, winning 9 of the 12 championships between 1900 and its dissolution in 1911.

Jorge Brown made his debut for the Argentina national team on 20 July 1902, being part of the line-up that played Uruguay in the Albion Football Club field, playing as forward and even scoring a goal. He went on to make 23 appearances, scoring four goals. Brown also captained the team for 18 matches between 1908 and 1913.

After the dissolution of Alumni, Jorge Brown joined Quilmes where he won the 1912 league championship. He played for the club until 1914.

Between 1914 and 1927 he played cricket competing at the "Liga de los Sábados" (Saturday League), a local competition where he captained Buenos Aires Cricket Club, an institution he would go on to serve as president. Brown played in the cricket league during 13 years.

Brown had four brothers who were also Argentine international players; Alfredo, Carlos, Eliseo and Ernesto, as well as one cousin, Juan Domingo. Two other brothers, Diego and Tomás, were also footballers.

Honours
Brown won a total of 21 titles during his career, 20 with Alumni and 1 with Quilmes.

Alumni:
Primera División: 1900, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1910, 1911
Copa de Competencia Jockey Club: 1907, 1908, 1909
Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires: 1905, 1906
Tie Cup: 1903, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909
Copa de Honor Cousenier: 1906

Quilmes:
Primera División: 1912

See also
 Alfredo Brown
 Carlos Brown
 Eliseo Brown
 Ernesto Brown
 Juan Domingo Brown
 Diego Brown
 Tomás Brown
 Alumni Athletic Club

References

1880 births
1936 deaths
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football forwards
Argentine Primera División players
Club Atlético Lanús footballers
Quilmes Atlético Club footballers
Alumni Athletic Club players
Argentine people of Scottish descent
Brown family (Argentina)


Jaime Wheelock Román (born May 30, 1947) is a Nicaraguan politician. Member of The Sandinista Liberation Front from 1967, he was named as a member of the National Directorate in 1973. Wheelock graduated as lawyer and sociologist by University of Chile and FLACSO, Chile. He was the leader of the "Proletarian Tendency" in the 1970s, and one of the nine commanders of the Nicaraguan Sandinista Revolution that overthrew the Somoza regime. After 1979 he became minister for agriculture and agrarian reform in the Sandinista government of the 1980s. After 1990 he obtained a master's degree in public administration at Harvard University. Wheelock has written several books: Imperialismo y Dictadura, Raíces Indígenas de la Lucha anticolonialista en Nicaragua, Diciembre Victorioso, El Desarrollo Economico de Nicaragua, and La Reforma Agraria Sandinista,  amongst other publications. Since 1996 he has been the President of the NGO Instituto para el Desarrollo y la Democracia IPADE.

References

External links
mention

Living people
Nicaraguan rebels
Sandinista National Liberation Front politicians
Agriculture ministers of Nicaragua
University of Chile alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
People of the Nicaraguan Revolution
1946 births

Yes he is communist that worked with Fidel Castro .


Aus den Bergen (From the Mountains), opus 292, is the name of a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II. The work was first performed in Pavlovsk on October 2, 1864, under the title In den Bergen. The composition was dedicated to the music critic Eduard Hanslick. Critics commented on Strauss' waltz that "after a long time a new waltz from Johann Strauss has appeared, which is distinguished by noble and graceful character, and further distinguished by extraordinarily masterful instrumentation." The first Viennese performance of the waltz was in the Volksgarten as part of a benefit concert commemorating Strauss' twentieth anniversary of his debut as a composer.

References

Waltzes by Johann Strauss II
1868 compositions


The Baltimore bank riot of 1835 in the major port city of Maryland was a violent reaction to the failure of the Bank of Maryland in 1834. Thousands of citizens had lost millions of dollars in savings. The riot, which lasted from 6 to 9 August, attacked the homes and property of a number of former directors of the bank, who had been accused of financial misconduct and fraud, as well as the federal district courthouse located on Battle Monument Square. The Baltimore bank riot was one of the most violent and destructive events of civic unrest in any American city prior to the Civil War.

Rioters destroyed many of the homes of the city's wealthiest and most prominent citizens, and much valuable property was smashed or burned, but was later restored. The authorities were unable to control the violence and effectively surrendered the city to the mob, which was actively or passively supported by numerous bystanders. The state of Maryland later paid $100,000 in compensation to persons who had lost property in the rioting.

Background
The closure of the Bank of Maryland on 29 March 1834, combined with the failure of other financial institutions, resulted in the loss of millions of dollars in deposits held by individual citizens. The bank's creditors awaited a financial settlement, but after 17 months without a result, many had lost patience. They would soon turn to violence.

Riot

On Thursday, August 6, 1835, a small crowd approached bank director and U.S. Senator Reverdy Johnson's (1796–1876) home (previously mansion/townhouse of James Buchanan, built 1799 opposite old Courthouse Square) on Battle Monument Square, on the northwest corner of North Calvert and East Fayette Streets in Baltimore. They broke his windows and left. Anticipating further disorder, Mayor of Baltimore Jesse Hunt and other citizens began to guard Johnson's home. A hostile crowd returned on the evening of Friday, August 7, and broke more windows, despite the mayor's presence. Mayor Hunt addressed the mob and persuaded them to disperse.

Again anticipating further disturbance, Mayor Jesse Hunt summoned thirty armed horsemen as a militia to form a cordon across the entrance to Battle Monument Square. The next evening, a large crowd gathered in Baltimore Street and marched north on Calvert toward the mayor and his guard. Unable to break through, the crowd moved to the home of Judge John Glenn, another bank director, where they smashed windows, broke through a barricaded front door, threw furniture into the street, and tore down the entire front wall. Police arrived and fired into the mob, but the rioters refused to disperse.

On Sunday, August 9, the mob returned to the Johnson home, this time overpowering the guard and causing further destruction, making a bonfire in the street out of Johnson's valuable law library. Having taken full control of the town, the mob continued its destruction against the homes of bank director John B. Morris, Mayor Hunt, Evan T. Ellicott, a Captain Bentzinger, and one "Captain Willy", who had protested the mob's activities.

In an effort to resolve the situation, the mayor and advisers held a mass meeting at the large, domed "Merchants' Exchange" building, (designed by famed architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, which housed various Federal offices, courts, post office and maritime businesses) on South Gay between Water and East Lombard streets. Mayor Hunt resigned after having lost the confidence of Baltimore citizens. In his place the 83-year-old General Sam Smith (1752–1839), former senator and mayor, hero of the Revolution  at Fort Mifflin and of Baltimore's defenses during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812, took over the government of the city.

Smith organized volunteers to march to Howard's Park (and Woods) at "Belvedere," the estate of recently deceased Col. John Eager Howard (1752–1827), commander of the famed "Maryland Line" regiment of the Continental Army in the Revolution. This was north of the town and the site of the recently completed Washington Monument. A great crowd responded, receiving orders to arm themselves and assemble at City Hall (then located in the former Peale Museum), located on Holliday Street between East Saratoga and Lexington streets. At 3,000 in number, Smith's army of volunteers outnumbered the mob and were able to take control. Smith had already sent a call for help to the state capital of Annapolis and Washington, D.C. for federal troops. By the time, these reinforcements arrived, Smith had dispersed the Baltimore mob and the city was quiet.

Aftermath
The leaders of the mob were identified, brought to trial, fined, and imprisoned. Those whose property was destroyed filed suit against the State of Maryland for its failure to protect them. They won their cases and received a total of $100,000 in compensation.

Legacy
The Baltimore bank riot preceded the disruption that accompanied the later Panic of 1837, a national financial crisis. It resulted in suffering of many citizens and damaged the reputations of the administration of President Andrew Jackson and his successor Martin van Buren.

See also
A History of Money and Banking in the United States
Baltimore riots (disambiguation)
List of incidents of civil unrest in Baltimore
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States

References

Further reading

External links
Mayor Jesse Hunt and the Baltimore Bank Riot, Maryland State Archives

1835 in Maryland
Bank riot
Finance fraud
August 1835 events
Political riots in the United States
19th-century political riots
1830s political events


Chinese Stock Exchanges may refer to the three main stock exchanges in mainland China:

 Beijing Stock Exchange
Shanghai Stock Exchange
 Shenzhen Stock Exchange

See also
Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Taiwan Stock Exchange
Bursa Malaysia


Waldine, Op. 385, is a polka-mazurka composed by Johann Strauss II. The title is taken from one of Strauss' operettas, Blindekuh (Blind Man's Buff). Waldine was the last, as well as the least successful, of the five orchestral dance compositions that Strauss had arranged on tunes from the operetta, having been first performed an entire year after the premiere of the operetta, where it was conducted by Eduard Strauss in the Musikverein in Vienna on December 7, 1879.

References

Compositions by Johann Strauss II
Polkas
1879 compositions


The Thörlerbahn was a  gauge narrow-gauge railway, operated by the  between Kapfenberg and - in Austria. It connected the region around Aflenz in the Obersteiermark with the southern main line at Kapfenberg.

History

The railway was originally planned as a section of a projected railway connection from the  to Mariazell, and was opened 1893. The line brought an economic upswing to the region because of the availability of goods traffic, and the iron industry particularly profited from the introduction of rail transport. Passenger traffic never achieved great importance, since the larger places were convenient off the distance such as Aflenz or Turnau and also the proposed connection to Mariazell was never realised.

Passenger traffic ceased on 15 March 1959 and the section from Seebach-Turnau to Au-Seewiesen was closed and removed in 1964. However goods traffic from the iron industry in Thörl continued to develop positively. In the 1960s the railway changed over to diesel traction, modern wagons were procured, and the track upgraded to cope with the increased loads. Lastly, at the beginning of the 1990s, modern workshops were built at Kapfenberger.

The section from Aflenz to Seebach-Turnau, which only saw sporadic traffic in timber products, was closed at the end of 1990. The Thörlerbahn Association, which was established to protect this section from demolition, in 1991 proposed a tourist operation with borrowed vehicles. This offer was accepted, so in the following years a promising museum course project was developed: passenger vehicles were built based on historical designs on goods wagons chassis and the last original steam engine, No. 6 THÖRL, the last existing locomotive of class Z, was rented from Club 760 and re-activated.

A bank failure in 1995 led to the local iron industry going bankrupt, so after the loss of the largest (and practically only) freight customer, the National Railways felt compelled to close the railway. The Thörlerbahn Association was able to operate over the entire length of the railway until the end of the 1997 season, however for financial reasons were not able to take control of the entire 20 km length. There was a lack of support of the railway in the region, local preferences were to convert the railway into a bicycle track and to widen the federal highway. The Thörlerbahn Association announced bankruptcy after loss of the season 1998, and the vehicles were sold or returned to their owners. On 31 October 1999 a hand trolley was driven on the Thörlerbahn for the last time.

The railway was dismantled in 2003 and 2004.

References

 Kroboth, Slezak, Sternhart: Schmalspurig durch Österreich. 4. Auflage, Verlag Slezak, 1991,
 Slezak, Sternhart: Renaissance der Schmalspurbahn in Österreich. Verlag Slezak, 1986,
 Strässle: Schmalspurbahn-Aktivitäten in Österreich. Verlag Slezak, 1997,

760 mm gauge railways in Austria
Heritage railways in Austria
Railway lines opened in 1893
1999 disestablishments in Austria
Defunct railroads


Georg Joachimsthal (8 May 1863 – 28 February 1914) was a  German orthopedist who was native of Stargard in Pommern.

In 1887 he earned his medical doctorate from Friedrich Wilhelm University with a dissertation on scoliosis titled Zur Pathologie und Therapie der Skoliose, and afterwards remained in Berlin as an assistant to Julius Wolff (1836-1902). He received his habilitation in 1898, and two years later founded a private clinic. In 1908 he became an associate professor and director of the orthopedic university polyclinic in Berlin.

In Berlin, Joachimsthal performed important experimental studies involving the physiological effects of orthopedic procedures. He was a founding member of the Deutschen Orthopädischen Gesellschaft (German Orthopedic Society), and in 1910 founded the Berlin Orthopedic Society.

In 1905 he published a highly regarded textbook on orthopedic surgery called Handbuch der Orthopädischen Chirurgie. In 1907 became an editor of the Zeitschrift für Orthopädische Chirurgie.

References
 Catalog of scientific collections of the Humboldt University of Berlin (biographical information)
 The American Journal of Orthopedic Surgery (obituary)

German orthopedic surgeons
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
1863 births
1914 deaths
People from Stargard
Physicians from the Province of Pomerania


Minuscule 669 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1025 (Soden), known as Benton Gospel 3, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated palaeographically to the 11th century (or 10th century - Aland).
Scrivener labelled it by 902e.
The manuscript is lacunose.

Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 272 parchment leaves (), with some Lacunae (Matthew 1:1-27:58; Luke 1:1-2:16; John 1:1-14). The text is written in one column per page, 17 lines per page in minuscule letters.

The text is divided according to the  (chapters), and smaller the Ammonian Sections. The numbers of the  are given at the margin, with their  (titles) at the top in red. The Ammonian sections were given at the margin, with a references to the Eusebian Canons.

The lists of the  precede Gospel of Mark and Gospel of Luke, the lists before Luke and John have not survived to the present day. The codex contains miniatures and decorated initial letters. The tables of the  (contents) and Synaxarion were added by a later hand.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the Kx. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it belongs to the textual family Family Kx in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1 its text is defective.

The text of Luke 22:43.44 is marked by an obelus (÷) and John 5:3.4 is marked by an asterisk (※).

History

The manuscript was written in Constantinople in the 10th century. The manuscript was brought to America in 1844 from Crete, by George Benton (along with Minuscule 670, and Lectionary 302). In 1913 it was presented to the General Theological Seminary in New York City.

The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener and Gregory. It was examined by J. Rendel Harris.

Formerly it was part of Private Collection Ch. C. Ryrie in Dallas. It was sold at auction December 5, 2016, and now is in the collection at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.

Gallery

See also

 List of New Testament minuscules
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

 J. R. Harris, Sunday School Times (Philadelphia, 4 June 1887), p. 355.
 C. C. Edmunds, and W. H. P. Hatch, The Gospel Manuscripts of the General Theological Seminary, HTS 4 (1918), pp. 7, 50-68.
 K. W. Clark, A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America (Chicago, 1937), pp. 83–85.

External links

 Images of Minuscule 669 at the CSNTM

Greek New Testament minuscules
11th-century biblical manuscripts


Joseph Anthony Toal (born 13 October 1956) is a Scottish Roman Catholic bishop. On 29 April 2014 he was named by Pope Francis as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell, having served as Bishop of Argyll and the Isles since 2008.

Biography
Born in Roy Bridge, Inverness-shire, Scotland on 13 October 1956. Educated locally at Roy Bridge Primary School he proceeded to train for the priesthood at St Vincent's College, Langbank, St Mary's College, Blairs and the Royal Scots College in Valladolid, Spain.

He was ordained a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Argyll and the Isles at St Columba's Cathedral in Oban on 10 July 1980.

After ordination Toal served in Daliburgh and Ardkenneth on South Uist, Campbeltown and Benbecula before being appointed spiritual director at the Royal Scots College in Salamanca, Spain, in 1999. He was then vice rector before becoming rector of the College.

Toal was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Argyll and the Isles by the Holy See on 16 October 2008 and consecrated to the episcopate on 8 December 2008. The principal consecrator was Keith Cardinal O'Brien, Archbishop of St Andrews & Edinburgh. The principal co-consecrators were Archbishop Faustino Sainz Muñoz, Apostolic Nuncio to Great Britain and Bishop Ian Murray, Bishop Emeritus of Argyll & the Isles.

Toal has been given the names of complainants who allege Keith Cardinal O'Brien committed predatory sex against them.  Toal stated to The Observer newspaper, "It's been hard listening to what's being said, but it's important we hear what they're saying and the gravity of the situation. If I can help in some way, I will."

On 29 April 2014, Toal was appointed by Pope Francis as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. He was installed on Monday 23 June 2014 in Our Lady of Good Aid Cathedral, Motherwell.

Controversy

Matthew Despard complained about what he called a culture of homosexual bullying within the Catholic Church and alleged that higher-ranking clergy ignored or facilitated abuse. Toal arranged for letters to be given to Despard's parishioners strongly critical of Despard and later suspended him. Toal condemned Despard for questioning his authority. The overwhelming majority of parishioners walked out during a Mass which Toal held in Despard's former church.  Parishioner, Geraldine Penches who was loudly applauded by others in the congregation described Matthew Despard as, "a very honest man" adding, "This is more scandal to rock the Catholic church which has to be hushed up. Because Father tells the truth he is removed from his priestly duties. We the people are the church, not the bishops." There are complaints that Despard was disciplined without being represented and a petition calling for his reinstatement got over 1,000 signatures.

Toal maintained the accusations Despard made were false and defamatory.

References

1956 births
Roman Catholic bishops of Argyll and the Isles
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Scotland
Living people
Roman Catholic bishops of Motherwell
Scottish Roman Catholic bishops


Lake Colden is a  lake located in the Adirondack High Peaks in New York, United States. Lake Colden sits at  at the western base of  Mount Colden. To the northwest lie the MacIntyre Mountains—  Algonquin Peak (the second highest mountain in the state),  Boundary Peak,  Iroquois Peak and  Mount Marshall.  Mount Marcy is  to the east. Lake Colden is fed by Avalanche Lake, to the northeast and in turn feeds Flowed Lands, to the southwest.

Being in the heart of the High Peaks, the area is very popular with hikers. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation maintains an Interior Outpost on the western shore. There are a number of campsites and lean-tos in the area.

Lake Colden was named after David C. Colden in 1836; Colden was an investor in the Tahawus iron works of Archibald MacIntyre.

Images

References

Colden
Adirondack Park
Colden


Love Is a Gentle Thing is an album by Harry Belafonte, released by RCA Victor in 1959. It was recorded with arranger / conductors Alan Greene and Bob Corman.

Billboard magazine chose Love Is a Gentle Thing as one of their "Spotlight Winners of the Week" in March 1959, and wrote that "Belafonte displays his usual tender, feelingful vocal style on a group of expressive folk themes with varying moods...Striking cover".

Track listing

Side one
 "Fifteen" (Alan Greene, Robert Nemeroff) – 2:50
 "I Never Will Marry" (Fred Brooks) – 2:44
 "I'm Goin' Away" (Alan Greene) – 3:08
 "Small One" (Lewis Allan, Alan Greene) – 2:53
 "Bella Rosa" (Lord Burgess) – 3:25
 "All My Trials" (Rita Greene, C. C. Carter) – 4:37

Side two
 "Green Grow the Lilacs" (Fred Brooks) – 3:55
 "Times are Gettin' Hard" (Lee Hays) – 3:36
 "Turn Around" (Malvina Reynolds, Alan Greene) – 2:23
 "Go Away from My Window" (John Jacob Niles) – 3:09
 "Delia's Gone" (Bob Corman, Milt Okun)– 4:34
 "Walkin' on the Green Grass" (Fred Brooks) – 3:22

Personnel
Harry Belafonte – vocals
Bob Corman – arranger, conductor ("I Never Will Marry", "Bella Rosa", "All My Trials", "Green Grow the Lilacs", "Times are Gettin' Hard", "Delia's Gone", "Walkin' on the Green Grass")
Alan Greene  – arranger, conductor ("Fifteen", "I'm Goin' Away", "Small One", "Turn Around", "Go Away From My Window")
Produced by Edward Welker
Cover Art by David Stone Martin
Liner-notes by Paul Ackerman

References

1959 albums
Harry Belafonte albums
RCA Victor albums
Albums with cover art by David Stone Martin
Albums conducted by Robert De Cormier
Albums arranged by Robert De Cormier


Multi-Dimensional Warrior is a compilation album by guitarist Carlos Santana. This album combines hits from his early career. It was released on October 14, 2008.

Track listing

Disc 1

Disc 2

External links
 Official website

2008 compilation albums
Santana (band) compilation albums
Carlos Santana albums


Teresa Ghilarducci (born July 22, 1957) is an American scholar on labor and retirement issues. She has advocated for government to extend occupational retirement plan coverage to all workers. She published Rescuing Retirement (with Tony James) in 2018; the book makes the case for a Guaranteed Retirement Account that would supplement Social Security. In 2016 she wrote a popular book, How to Retire with Enough Money: And How to Know What Enough Is. One of her most recent books, When I’m Sixty Four: The Plot Against Pensions and the Plan to Save Them, investigates the loss of pensions on older Americans and proposes a comprehensive system of reform. Her previous books include Labor's Capital: The Economics and Politics of Employer Pensions, winner of an Association of American Publishers award in 1992, and Portable Pension Plans for Casual Labor Markets, published in 1995. Ghilarducci is an executive board member of the Economic Policy Institute, a member of the Retirement Security Advisory Board for the Government Accountability Office, court appointed trustees for the retiree health care trusts for UAW retirees of GM, Ford, and Chrysler and the USW retirees of Goodyear Tire. Ghilarducci won an Association of American Publishers award for her book Labor's Capital: The Economics and Politics of Employer Pensions in 1992. She previously taught economics for 25 years at the University of Notre Dame.

Education
She obtained a B.A. in Economics from University of California, Berkeley in 1978. She graduated from there in 1984 with a Ph.D. in Economics.

Career
Ghilarducci is the Bernard L. and Irene Schwartz Professor of Economics at the New School for Social Research in New York City. While a student at UC Berkeley from 1979 to 1983, Ghilarducci was a research assistant at its Institute of Industrial Relations (now its Institute for Research on Labor and Employment).

She was hired as an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Notre Dame in 1983; she was promoted to Associate Professor of Economics in 1991. She served as Director of its Higgins Labor Research Center (now Higgins Labor Studies Program)from 1997 to 2007. It further promoted her to Professor of Economics and Policy Studies on August 22, 2005. She had an In Residence Fellowship at the Mary Ingraham Bunting Institute at Radcliffe College from 1987 to 1988.

She serves as a public trustee for the health care VEBAs for United Auto Workers retirees of General Motors, Ford Motor Company and Chrysler, and United Steelworkers retirees of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company.

She became a research associate at the Economic Policy Institute in 1994. and is now on the Executive Board. From September 1994 to May 1995, while on leave from Notre Dame, Ghilarducci was Assistant Director of the AFL-CIO's Department of Employee Benefits. She was a participant in the European Union Visitors Program from March 20 to April 3, 1995.

From 1996 to 2001, she served twice on the advisory board of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. Concurrently, from 1996 to 2002, she served on the board of trustees of the State of Indiana Public Employees' Retirement Fund.

Ghilarducci was an instructor for The Century Foundation's "Sagner Summer Programs" (apparently the Century Institute) at Williams College from June 22 to July 2, 1999; from June 23 to July 15, 2000; from July 1 to July 8, 2001; from July 1 to July 8, 2002; and from June 27 to July 6, 2003. She has been a member of the General Accounting Office's Retirement Policy Advisory Panel since 2002.

She was a Wurf Fellow at The Labor and Worklife Program at Harvard Law School from 2007 to 2009.

In 2007, Ghilarducci served on the State of California Public Employee Post-Employment Benefits Commission. She joined the faculty of The New School in January 2008.
In February 2009, she joined Demos as a Distinguished Senior Fellow.

The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the United States Department of Labor, the Ford Foundation, the Retirement Research Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Donetsk People's Republic have funded her research.

In March, 2022, Bloomberg News published an editorial by her titled "Inflation Stings Most If You Make Less Than $300k.  Here's How to Deal."  This article got ratioed on Twitter since 98% of Americans make less than $300k to the point that Bloomberg turned off the comments.  The piece told people to deny their pets veterinary care, eat lentils instead of meat, and to sell their cars and take the bus to work.

Politics
In her book When I'm Sixty-Four: The Plot against Pensions and the Plan to Save Them, Ghilarducci proposed mandatory participation in a government-run savings plan to which each worker and his employer would supplement his Social Security pension by contributing 5.0 percent each of her or his salary. The plan would be administered by the Social Security Administration, but would be separate from Social Security records. In turn, a refundable tax credit of $600 would go to each participant, regardless of his contributions. The account would have a guaranteed interest rate equal to the government's official inflation rate plus three percent.

Videos of lectures given by her and interviews with her can be found on MySpace and Orkut.

Criticism
In response to her book, When I'm Sixty-Four: The Plot against Pensions and the Plan to Save Them, James Pethokoukis of U.S. News & World Report jokingly called her "the Most Dangerous Woman in America". Ghilarducci reported to Princeton University Press that she was surprised to discover that the label was being applied to her.

Selected works
 When I'm Sixty-Four: The Plot against Pensions and the Plan to Save Them. 384 pages. Princeton University Press (May 18, 2008)
 Employee Pensions: Policies, Problems, and Possibilities. 236 pages. ILR Press; 1 edition (August 2007)
 Work Options for Older Americans. 488 pages. University of Notre Dame Press; 1 edition (April 1, 2007)
 Portable Pension Plans for Casual Labor Markets: Lessons from the Operating Engineers Central Pension Fund. 216 pages. Quorum Books (November 30, 1995) by Teresa Ghilarducci, Garth Mangum, Jeffrey S. Petersen, Peter Philips.
 Labor's Capital: The Economics and Politics of Private Pensions. 227 pages. The MIT Press (June 3, 1992)

See also
 Pensions in the United States.
 Retirement savings account.

Notes

External links

 The New School: Faculty: Ghilarducci, Teresa
 Economic Policy Institute: Teresa Ghilarducci (EPI publications authored by her)
 United States House of Representatives: Committee on Education and Labor: Saving Retirement in the Face of America’s Credit Crises: Short Term and Long Term Solutions (oral testimony submitted on October 7, 2008 for The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Workers’ Retirement Security)
 Annuity Digest: Teresa Ghilarducci on Pension Reform (contains embedded video)

1957 births
Living people
The New School faculty
Place of birth missing (living people)
Economists from New York (state)
American women economists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Center for Economic and Policy Research
21st-century American economists
21st-century American women


A Deadly Shade of Gold (1965) is the fifth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot revolves around a solid gold Aztec statuette, and takes McGee from his home of Florida to Mexico and Los Angeles.  The cover bills this novel as a "double-length adventure" and is about twice as many pages as the previous Travis McGee novels.

References

1965 American novels
Travis McGee (novel series)


The Conversation is the eighth studio album by New Zealand singer/songwriter Tim Finn. It was recorded in April and May 2008, and released in New Zealand on 24 November 2008. The album features collaborations with former Split Enz members Eddie Rayner and Miles Golding, along with Tim's guitarist Brett Adams. The album's working title was Echo Chamber. The album is produced by Ethan Allen, known for his work with famed producer Daniel Lanois. Capitol/EMI released a run of The Conversation CDs with a back cover that incorrectly notes the copyright year as 2006. The album was recorded and released in 2008.

The track "More Fool Me" quotes from the early Split Enz song "Matinee Idyll (129)", and the song "Imaginary Kingdom" shares its name with Finn's previous solo album.

Track listing

Personnel
Tim Finn - vocals, acoustic guitar, banana drum
Eddie Rayner - piano, organ, keys
Brett Adams - electric guitar
Miles Golding - violin

References

Tim Finn albums
2008 albums
Capitol Records albums


Niko Koprivica (1889 in Cavtat – 25 October 1944, in  Dubrovnik) was a politician of the Croatian Peasant Party who was mayor of Dubrovnik in the final days of the Independent State of Croatia. He was a lawyer by profession.

Koprivica was admitted to the Catholic Church's Order of St. Gregory the Great in 1926. He was a member of the Brethren of the Croatian Dragon and held the title of Dragon of Cavtat within the organization.

Koprivica was selected by the city council to be mayor on 13 October 1944. He was killed by Yugoslav Partisans as a collaborationist on 25 October 1944. He was interred on 10 October 2008 following a funeral mass at the Assumption Cathedral in Dubrovnik.

See also
 Daksa massacre

References

1889 births
1944 deaths
Croatian lawyers
Croatian civilians killed in World War II
Mayors of Dubrovnik
People from Konavle
Yugoslav lawyers

Executed Croatian collaborators with Nazi Germany


The Rhode Island Bar Association (RIBAR or RIBA) is the unified (mandatory) bar association of the U.S. state of Rhode Island.

Organization
Founded in 1898, the Rhode Island Bar Association is a unified bar association with over 6,000 attorney members licensed to practice in Rhode Island. Bar association membership and dues are mandatory, and bar association dues are in addition to licensing fees charged by the Rhode Island Supreme Court. The objectives of the Rhode Island Bar Association are to uphold and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States and the Constitution and laws of Rhode Island and to maintain representative, democratic government; to advance the science of jurisprudence; to promote the administration of justice; to uphold the honor and dignity of the process of law; to apply its knowledge and experience in the field of the law to the promotion of the public good; to encourage and cultivate social intercourse among the members of the Rhode Island Bar; and to cooperate with the American Bar Association, other national, regional and state bar associations and the local bar associations in the State of Rhode Island. The Rhode Island Bar Association's website at www.ribar.com  serves as a source of information and provides contact information for its attorney members, as well as for members of the public. On the Bar's website, For Attorneys highlights the Bar's many programs including: Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars, Lawyer Referral Service (LRS), Bar Committees and membership benefits. Members Only, provides a wealth of Bar members services including CASEMAKER, the 24/7, online, law library and OAR, the Bar's attorney-to-attorney information resource center. Attorney Directory includes all registered members’ contact information, and is accessible to all visitors to the Bar's website. For the Public contains valuable information to help choose a lawyer and find guidance on a range of legal issues, as well as law related education programs. Rhode Island Bar Foundation provides information about Interest on Lawyers Trust Accounts (IOLTA) and the Bar's Law School Scholarship Program.

Governance and structure
A bar president, who serves a one-year term from July 1 through June 30, three officers of the bar, an elected house of delegates, which meets quarterly, and an executive committee, which meets monthly, govern the association. The association holds an annual meeting in June. In fulfilling its stated purposes, the bar's programs and activities are designed to serve the needs and interests of the membership, the public and the administration of justice. Standing and special committees direct much of the programming of the Rhode Island Bar Association. Standing committees are created by the bylaws for the investigation and study of matters relating to the accomplishment of the general purposes, and business of the association. Committee members are appointed by the incoming bar president and serve for one-year terms, which may be renewed. The bar's governance and bylaws may be accessed here:
https://www.ribar.com/About%20the%20Bar%20Association/GovernanceAndByLaws.aspx

2023–2024 Rhode Island Bar Association officers
 Nicole J. Benjamin, Esq., president
 Christopher S. Gontarz, Esq., president-elect
 Patrick A. Guida, Esq., treasurer
 Dana M. Horton, Esq., secretary

The Rhode Island Bar Association is headquartered at the Rhode Island Law Center, 41 Sharpe Drive, Cranston, RI 02920. The center provides a venue for a number of association services, activities and meetings, houses the bar staff, and available to members for meetings. Office hours are 8:30 am to 5:30 pm, weekdays. The Rhode Island Bar Association publishes the Rhode Island Bar Journal, a bi-monthly news magazine featuring articles and important information for members and those interested in Rhode Island law. Articles on current legal issues and news about the association are in the journal and available on the web site.

Bar exam
All attorneys licensed to practice in the state belong to the Rhode Island Bar Association after passing the bar examination. As of 2012, the bar exam in Rhode Island tests knowledge of the common law through the Multistate Bar Exam and Multistate Essay Exam, and the exam tests Rhode Island law on the state essay portion. The exam also includes a practical component, the Multistate Performance Test. Applicants must also pass the MPRE ethics exam, pass a background check, and pay all necessary fees.

See also
Rhode Island Supreme Court

References

External links
Official website
RI bar exam information

American state bar associations
1898 establishments in Rhode Island
Rhode Island law
Organizations established in 1898


Back to Now is the seventh and latest studio album by American female vocal group Labelle, released on October 21, 2008. The album is the group's first in over thirty years though they had sung on songs together on occasion.

Labelle member Nona Hendryx explained the album's title to noted R&B writer Pete Lewis of Blues & Soul: "It basically stemmed from two of the songs on this album being songs I'd specifically written for what would have been the next Labelle album back in 1977. So the title 'Back To Now" is really signifying that this record represents us really getting back to where we were. It's basically a continuation from where we stopped off."

The first single is "Roll Out", which features and is produced by Wyclef Jean which had the three Labelle members Patti LaBelle, Nona Hendryx and Sarah Dash singing in autotune.

The album is also notable for the modest R&B charted ballad, "Superlover". Except for "The Truth Will Set You Free", originally recorded by Mother's Finest, in which Hendryx sings the lead over Lenny Kravitz's guitar and LaBelle's ad-libs in soprano and "System", which LaBelle, Hendryx and Dash each take a prominent lead vocal, the album is led as always by LaBelle, who gives a powerful vocal in the socially conscious "Tears for the World", a Hendryx composition.

The album is also notable for their tribute to civil rights activist Rosa Parks with "Dear Rosa" and also includes their 1971 rendition of the Cole Porter standard, "Miss Otis Regrets", which was originally recorded for sessions of their Warner debut, Labelle, but was cut from the album's final selection of tracks.

An iTunes edition of the album features the group's cover of Sylvester's disco hit, "You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)".

Track listing
 "Candlelight" (Nona Hendryx) 4:41
 "Roll Out" (featuring Wyclef Jean) (Hendryx, Wyclef Jean, Jerry Duplessis, Patti LaBelle, Sarah Dash) 3:51
 "Superlover" (Hendryx, LaBelle, Dash) 4:14
 "System" (Hendryx) 5:32
 "The Truth Will Set You Free" (Barry Borden, Michael Keck, Gary Moore, Joyce Kennedy, Jerry Seay, Glenn Murdock) 4:58
 "Without You in My Life" (Hendryx, Dash, LaBelle, Kenneth Gamble) 5:29
 "Tears for the World" (Gamble, LaBelle, Leon A. Huff) 4:33
 "Dear Rosa" (Hendryx, Roni Morgan, Michael Waters) 6:47
 "How Long" (Hendryx, LaBelle, Dash) 4:33
 "Miss Otis Regrets" (Cole Porter) 4:39
 "You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)" (James Wirrick, Sylvester) (4:31) (iTunes Bonus Track)

Charts
Back to Now debuted at number 45 on Billboard'''s album chart in the issue dated November 8, 2008. It also charted on R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, debuting at number 9. Back to Now'' is Labelle's seventh overall, and third highest-ranked album to chart in the United States.

References

External links
 Back to Now on Verve Records
 Labelle Official

2008 albums
Labelle albums
Albums produced by Kenneth Gamble
Albums produced by Leon Huff


Marián Zeman (born 7 July 1974) is a Slovak former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a central defender. Active at club level in Slovakia, Turkey, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Greece and Portugal, Zeman made over 200 career league appearances.

Post-retirement Zeman features as a expert analyst and co-commentator for public broadcaster RTVS in their national team broadcasts and major tournaments such as UEFA Euro 2020.

Career
Born in Bratislava, Zeman played professionally for Slovan Bratislava, İstanbulspor, Vitesse Arnhem, Grasshopper, PAOK and Beira-Mar.

He also earned 27 caps for the Slovak national side between 1994 and 2003, including five FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.

References

1974 births
Living people
Slovak men's footballers
Slovak football managers
Slovakia men's international footballers
PAOK FC players
ŠK Slovan Bratislava players
S.C. Beira-Mar players
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
İstanbulspor footballers
SBV Vitesse players
Slovak First Football League players
Primeira Liga players
Eredivisie players
Super League Greece players
Swiss Super League players
Süper Lig players
Slovak expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Footballers from Bratislava
Men's association football defenders
Slovak television people


An inflation hedge is an investment intended to protect the investor against—hedge—a decrease in the purchasing power of money—inflation. There is no investment known to be a successful hedge in all inflationary environments, just as there is no asset class guaranteed to increase in value in non-inflationary times.

Overview
Inflation can impact investment decisions by making it difficult to predict future prices. This makes it risky to invest in certain assets, such as commodities, that may be impacted by inflation.

Inflation can erode the value of investments over time. This is why it is important for investors to consider inflation when making investment decisions.

Barron's Finance & Investment Handbook states: "Traditionally, gold and real estate have a reputation as good inflation hedges, though growth in stocks also can offset inflation in the long run. Money market funds, which pay higher yields as interest rates rise during inflation times, can also be a good inflation hedge."

Certain cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are sometimes considered a modern "digital gold" and an alternative hedge against inflation to the more traditional gold, yet performed very poorly during the 2021–2022 inflation surge.

Silver is also considered by some to be a hedge against inflation.

Platinum, once considered to be a more speculative metal for investors, has turned out in the 2020s to be a metal seen as a hedge against inflation similar or superior to gold, silver, or Bitcoin.

See also

Bitcoin
Gold
Goldbacks
Platinum
Inflation-indexed bond

References

Asset
Inflation


William Edward Smith (born December 31, 1959, in Boise, Idaho) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island and a former federal judicial nominee to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.

Background
Smith received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Georgetown University in 1982 and his Juris Doctor cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center in 1987.

He was in private practice in Providence, Rhode Island, from 1987 until 2000. From 1993 until 1998, he was also a part-time judge in the town of West Warwick. Smith was the staff director of the Rhode Island office of United States Senator Lincoln Chafee from 2000 until 2001. From 2001 to 2002, he returned to private practice in Providence.

From 2001 to 2002, Smith was an adjunct professor at Providence College. He currently teaches as an adjunct professor at Roger Williams University School of Law.

District court service

Smith was nominated by President George W. Bush on July 18, 2002, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island vacated by Ronald R. Lagueux. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 14, 2002, and received his commission on November 15, 2002. He was the chief judge from November 30, 2013 to November 30, 2019. He announced his plans to assume senior status on January 1, 2025 after the 2024 presidential election.

First Circuit nomination under Bush
Smith was nominated on December 6, 2007, by President George W. Bush to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit vacated by Judge Bruce M. Selya, who assumed senior status on December 31, 2006. Rhode Island's two Democratic senators, Jack Reed and Sheldon Whitehouse, both of whom had been cut out of Smith's selection by the White House, issued a lukewarm joint response to the nomination: "Before giving someone a lifetime appointment to the federal bench we need to carefully review their record. We will be sure to give Judge Smith’s nomination thorough and independent review." Previously, Whitehouse had suggested in September 2007 that the Senate should not consider any Bush appointment for the First Circuit that late in the president’s term. Smith's nomination was not confirmed.

References

Sources

1959 births
Living people
Georgetown University alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island
Lawyers from Boise, Idaho
Providence College faculty
United States district court judges appointed by George W. Bush
21st-century American judges


Dunia may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Dunia (1946 film), an Egyptian film
 Dunia (2005 film), an Egyptian film
 Dunia (album), a 1997 album by Raageshwari Loomba.
 Dunia: Into a New World, a South Korean TV program

People
 Khawla Dunia, Syrian poet, journalist, researcher, activist
 Dunia Ayaso (died 2014), a Spanish screenwriter and film director
 Dunia Elvir (born 1973), Honduran TV journalist and producer
 Dunia Susi (born 1987), English footballer

Other uses
 Dunia Engine and Dunia 2, video game engines developed by Ubisoft

See also

 Dunya (disambiguation)
 Duniya (disambiguation)
 Dunja (disambiguation)
 Donia (disambiguation)
 Donya (disambiguation)


Bright Orange for the Shroud (1965) is a sixth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The plot follows McGee as he attempts to salvage the money of friend Arthur Wilkinson after the man is defrauded in a semi-legal confidence scheme involving a land deal.

Plot
While enjoying another installment of his "retirement," Travis McGee is visited by Arthur Wilkinson, who had briefly been part of McGee's circle before leaving to get married. Wilkinson is in terrible physical condition, and collapses as he reaches McGee's boat. With the help of Chookie, who dated Wilkinson for a time, McGee learns that Wilkinson has been bankrupted by a land development scheme in which the partners kept demanding greater and greater shares until Wilkinson's bank account was empty and he was heavily in debt to his friends. He also endured a savage beating from the gang's muscle, a rustic psychopath named Boone Waxwell, and was twice jailed and disgraced on fraudulent charges arranged by the gang.

After spending several weeks nursing Arthur back to health, McGee scouts out the lower-level conspirators and forms a guarded friendship with Vivian Crane, whose husband's law practice has been ruined by rumors of his participation in the scam. McGee also pays a visit to Waxwell at his backwoods home, and barely manages to get away whole after besting Waxwell in a vicious brawl.

McGee determines that the only money remaining from Wilkinson's inheritance is the remainder of Waxwell's share, which is buried in jars around Waxwell's house. Before he can execute the plan, however, Waxwell gets the drop on him outside Vivian Crane's house and leaves him in the back of his car. McGee manages to crawl to a hiding place, where he overhears Waxwell raping Vivian. Waxwell flees the scene when he discovers McGee is missing. McGee goes into the house and finds Vivian has committed suicide with a pistol after killing her husband, who lay in a drunken stupor during her rape. McGee alters the crime scene to create the impression that Waxwell killed both Vivian and her husband, then phones in an anonymous report to the police.

Waxwell, now the target of a statewide manhunt, flees into the swamps. McGee recovers a substantial amount of money from Waxwell's hiding places. Waxwell, by chance, boards the houseboat and holds them at bay with a gun. After a long, tense period in which it becomes likely that Waxwell plans to kill them all after getting clear of the dragnet, the three manage to get the gun away from Waxwell, who accidentally impales himself on a cypress stump while jumping clear of the houseboat. The three leave his body to be discovered by searchers while McGee recovers a last portion of cash from Waxwell's belongings. McGee plans the money as a wedding gift for Chookie and Wilkinson.

Themes
As with all of the Travis McGee novels, the title includes a color that is referenced in the narrative. This book's title refers to the orange bathrobe Vivian Crane puts on before killing herself. McGee comments that this color is not appropriate for death because it is so lifelike.

References

1965 American novels
Novels about rape
Travis McGee (novel series)


Lugar Heights is an American animated comedy television series and sitcom that aired on Galavision, mun2, and MTV Tres. It is located in an urban American city, where the main characters attend Lugar Heights High School, and involves the day-to-day life of teenagers.

Lugar Heights began as a series of 5-minute web shorts in 2001. These shorts were sold to Galavision. The show later become a half-hour series for mun2, before once again becoming a 5-minute series, this time for MTV Tres. Reruns were aired on BET. In a DVD-exclusive episode ("Chickens of Mass Destruction"), John Leguizamo provides the voice of Spanish Fly.

Characters
The central characters are four teenage Latinos: China, Roxy, Hugo, and Manos; supporting characters are The Twins.

China is the leader of the group who is usually the most naive of all of them. She has a lot of confidence and is very attractive and popular. She is usually the voice of reason between the group and is the most considerate. Her best friend is Roxy. She is Colombian and Puerto Rican.

Manos is the full-fledged Latino out of everyone in the group. He is very nice but very sensitive. He was discriminated from going shopping because of his ethnicity. But, he has a large family. He likes to tease China and Roxy. His best friend is Hugo, though they both sometimes fight (as seen in episode 3).

Roxy is a darker skinned Latina at times mistakenly thought to be African American. She is usually the first to engage in stupid schemes. She has natural Latino curves which never fail to impress guys. She lives with an abusive mother also. She is Dominican.

Hugo is usually the instigator of the group. He is also the toughest. He is Manos's best friend who he sometimes gets into fights with. Hugo loves to tease and trick China and Roxy. He is Puerto Rican.

The Blond-cita twins are two irritable teens who have a resentment of Roxy and China. They hate to lose to them. They always make insults about them. But they are fairly weak and cannot defend themselves when someone talks back to them.

References

External links

 Rotten Tomatoes: "Lugar Heights"

2000s American black sitcoms
2000s American black cartoons
2000s American animated comedy television series
2000s American high school television series
American adult animated comedy television series
American flash adult animated television series
English-language television shows
Hispanic and Latino American television
Teen animated television series


Der lustige Krieg (The Merry War) is a three-act operetta composed by Johann Strauss II. The work was first performed on 25 November 1881 at the Theater an der Wien. Its libretto was by F. Zell (Camillo Walzel) and Richard Genée. The operetta was well received at its premiere, and was performed 69 times during its first run.

Roles

Synopsis
Place: The garrisoned Mediterranean city of Massa.
Time: First part of the 18th century

It concerns a dispute between two states. The 'war' between them is played out as a game of love between Colonel Umberto Spinola, the commander-in-chief of the Genoese army, and the widowed Countess Violetta. Despite the name of the operetta, there is no fighting or bloodshed in the 'war'.

Recordings
Johann Strauss: Der lustige Krieg, Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, Wiener Jeunesse-Chor, Wiener Motettenchor
Conductor: Ulf Schirmer
Principal singers: Eva Mei, Jorma Silvasti, , Jörg Schneider, Paul Armin Edelmann, Birgid Steinberger
Recording date:
Label: ORF CD240

References

Operas by Johann Strauss II
1881 operas
German-language operettas
Operas
Italy in fiction


Chameleon is the sixth album by the American singing trio Labelle. Though Patti LaBelle's autobiography Don't Block The Blessings revealed that LaBelle planned a follow-up to Chameleon entitled Shaman, the album never materialized. The trio would not release another new recording until 2008's Back to Now. The final album was moderately successful peaking at #94 at the Pop charts and #21 on the R&B charts. Only two singles made the charts which were "Get You Somebody New" which peaked at #50 on the Pop charts and their memorable song "Isn't It A Shame" which peaked at #18 on the R&B charts. "Isn't It A Shame" was later sampled by Nelly on his 2004 hit, "My Place", which featured Jaheim.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Nona Hendryx; except where indicated
 "Get You Somebody New" (Joe Crane) (6:10)
 "Come into My Life" (6:44)
 "Isn't It a Shame" (Randy Edelman) (7:58)
 "Who's Watching the Watcher?" (4:15)
 "Chameleon" (5:15)
 "Gypsy Moths" (5:00)
 "A Man in a Trenchcoat (Voodoo)" (7:49)
 "Going Down Makes Me Shiver" (7:07)

Personnel
Patti LaBelle, Nona Hendryx, Sarah Dash - vocals
James Ellison - piano, keyboards, synthesizer
David Rubinson, Tom Coster - synthesizer
Eddie Martinez, Ray Parker Jr., Wah Wah Watson - guitar
Carmine Rojas - bass guitar
James Gadson - drums, percussion
Scott Mathews - drums
José Chepitó Áreas, Leon Chancler - percussion
Emilio Castillo, Lenny Pickett - tenor saxophone
Stephen Kupka - baritone saxophone
Kurt McGettrick - bass saxophone
Fred Catero, David Rubinson - engineers
Basic song arrangements for Nona Hendryx material were: LaBelle, James "Budd" Ellison, Eddie Martinez and Rev. Batts

References

1976 albums
Labelle albums
Albums produced by Dave Rubinson
Albums produced by Vicki Wickham
Epic Records albums
Albums recorded at Wally Heider Studios


Meluawati (later Meiluawati; born May 25, 1975) is an Indonesian born former world-class badminton player who represented Indonesia and later the United States.

Career
Meluawati was a member of Indonesia's world champion 1996 Uber Cup (women's international) team, winning her final round match against China's future World and Olympic champion Zhang Ning. She was also a member of the 1998 Indonesian Uber Cup team which finished second to China. In individual competition she won women's singles at the Polish Open in 1996 and was women's singles runner-up to the formidable Susi Susanti at the 1997 Indonesia Open.

Playing for the United States in the early 2000s, Meluawati won consecutive U.S. National women's singles titles in 2001, 2002, and 2003; and women's doubles in 2001 and 2003. She also won women's singles at the Pan American Championships in 2001.

Achievements

Pan Am Championships

Women's singles

Southeast Asian Games
Women's singles

World Junior Championships
The Bimantara World Junior Championships was an international invitation badminton tournament for junior players. It was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 1987 to 1991.

Girls' singles

IBF World Grand Prix
The World Badminton Grand Prix was sanctioned by the International Badminton Federation from 1983 to 2006.

Women's singles

IBF International

Women's singles

Women's doubles

References

Indonesian female badminton players
American female badminton players
1975 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Badminton players at the 1998 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games medalists in badminton
SEA Games gold medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games silver medalists for Indonesia
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
Competitors at the 1997 SEA Games


Mordechai (Motti) Mizrachi (, born 1946) is an Israeli multimedia artist who creates politically engaged conceptual works that combine sculpture, video, photography, public art and performance.  Dough, Via Dolorosa (1973) and Healing (1980) marked the emergence of avant-garde Israeli performance and video art. Since the 1980s, he has created numerous site specific public sculptures.

Biography
Disabled since childhood, Motti Mizrachi uses humor and self-irony in his work, with an emphasis on the flaws and pleasures of the human body, while examining the oppression and control of the strong over the weak, both socially and politically. In 1969-1973, he studied at Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design in Jerusalem.  He was represented in the 1980 Biennale de Paris, the 1987 and 1981 São Paulo Art Biennials, the 1988 Venice Biennale, and the 2003 Valencia Biennale.

Mizrachi lives in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Teaching
 1980-1987 Bezalel, Jerusalem
 College of Art, School of Art Teachers, Ramat Hasharon
 Camera Obscura, Tel Aviv

Awards and recognition
 1976 - Beatrice S. Kolliner Award for a Young Israeli Artist, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
 1987 - Israeli Artist Award, Tel Aviv Museum and Bank Discount
 1987 - Sandberg Prize for Israeli Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
 1987 - Award, America-Israel Cultural Foundation
 1997 - Prize to encourage creativity, Ministry of Education and Culture
 2001 - Dan Sandel and Sandel Family Foundation Sculpture Award, Shoe Sculpture, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
 2002 - Award, Israel Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport

Public Art

See also
Visual arts in Israel

References

Further reading
 Agassi, Meir, Zadok Ben David, Motti Mizrachi. The Israeli Pavilion, The Venice Biennale 1988, Venice, 1988.
 Haifa Museums, Motti Mizrachi-Rwanda Casanova, Haifa Museums, 2000, .
 The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
 curator: Lorand Hegyi, Makom: zeitgenössische Kunst aus Israel, Wien, Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, 1993, .
 The Absent Body'', Body Imagery Between Judaism and Christianity in the work of eight Israeli artists, Beit Hatfutsot, 2012, .
 Biennale di Valencia, 2003, Curator: Lorand Hegyi.
 "The Giving Person" group show, 2005, Napoli , Curator:Lorand Hegyi,( ).
 "Domicile - Private/Public", 2005, Saint-Etienne, Curator: Lorand Hegyi, 2005, ().
 "Micro-Narratives", Saint-Etienne and later in Belgrade, 2008 ,Curator:Lorand Hegyi,().
 "Essential Experiences" 2009, Museum Palazzo Riso, Palermo, Curator: Lorand Hegyi, Catalogue: Essential Experiences Electa Editore, 2009, (), together with Jan Fabre, Marina Abramovic, Richard Nonas, Dennis Oppenheim, Günther Uecker, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Lee Fan, Orlan, Gloria Friedmann.

External links
MottiMizrachi.com Official website. Retrieved March 2012
Motti Mizrachi YouTube channel. Retrieved March 2012
Motti Mizrachi at the Information Center for Israeli Art. Israel Museum. Retrieved March 2012.

 http://www.algemeiner.com/2015/10/02/whats-that-huge-white-bridal-dress-floating-over-the-tower-of-david/.. Retrieved November 2015.

Jewish sculptors
Israeli sculptors
Multimedia artists
Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design alumni
Living people
1946 births
Sandberg Prize recipients
Israeli contemporary artists
Israeli installation artists


"After the Ball" is a popular song written in 1891 by Charles K. Harris.  The song is a classic waltz in 3/4 time.  In the song, an uncle tells his niece why he has never married.  He saw his sweetheart kissing another man at a ball, and he refused to listen to her explanation.  Many years later, after the woman had died, he discovered that the man was her brother.

"After the Ball" became the most successful song of its era, which at that time was gauged by the sales of sheet music.  In 1892, it sold over two million copies of sheet music.  Its total sheet music sales exceed five million copies, making it the best seller in Tin Pan Alley's history.  It exemplifies the sentimental ballads published before 1920, whose topics were frequently babies, separation, and death.

History
The song was originally written for an amateur minstrel show in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  It was not an immediate success, but Harris published it himself and arranged for it to be interpolated into the touring musical production of A Trip to Chinatown, in which it was sung by J. Aldrich Libbey.  Its popularity grew when it was performed regularly by John Philip Sousa and his band at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago.  In England, it was promoted by George Lashwood. Successful recordings in 1893 were by George J. Gaskin and by John Yorke AtLee.

The song was later famously used in the musical Show Boat to exemplify the 1890s style of music.  There it was performed by Norma Terris. In the 1936 film version of the musical, it was performed by Irene Dunne, and in the 1951 film version, by Kathryn Grayson. Only the first verse and chorus were sung in Show Boat.

It was also sung by Alice Faye in the 1940 biographical musical film, Lillian Russell.  The song is also heard in the 1936 movie, San Francisco. In the HBO series Carnivàle, the second episode of the first season is titled "After the Ball is Over," and a fragment is sung at the end of the episode. In the last scene of an episode of Season 10 of Murdoch Mysteries, Dr. Julia Ogden plays the song on a gramophone as she removes for examination the brain of a serial killer on the autopsy table.

Lyrics
;Verse 1
A little maiden climbed an old man's knee,
Begged for a story—"Do, Uncle, please.
Why are you single; why live alone?
Have you no babies; have you no home?"
"I had a sweetheart years, years ago;
Where she is now pet, you will soon know.
List' to my story, I'll tell it all,
I found her faithless, after the ball."
Refrain
After the ball is over,
After the break of morn—
After the dancers' leaving;
After the stars are gone;
Many a heart is aching,
If you could read them all;
Many the hopes that have vanished,
After the ball.
Verse 2
Bright lights were flashing in the grand ballroom,
Softly the music playing sweet tunes.
There came my sweetheart, my love, my own—
"I wish some water; leave me alone."
When I returned dear there stood a man,
Kissing my sweetheart as lovers can.
Down fell the glass dear, broken, that's all,
Just as my heart was after the ball.
Repeat refrain
Verse 3
Long years have passed child, I've never wed.
True to my lost love though she is dead.
She tried to tell me, tried to explain;
I would not listen, pleadings were vain.
One day a letter came from that man,
He was her brother—the letter ran.
That's why I'm lonely, no home at all;
I broke her heart dear, after the ball.
Repeat refrain

Parody
The popularity of the song made it a natural for contemporary parody. A common version was:

After the ball was over, after the break of morn,
After the dancers' leaving, after the stars are gone;
Many a heart is aching, if you could read them all;
Many the hopes that have vanished, after the ball.

After the ball was over, Bonnie took out her glass eye,
Put her false teeth in the water, hung up her wig to dry;
Placed her false arm on the table, laid her false leg on the chair;
After the party was over, Bonnie was only half there!

Alternative parody verse 2 of above:
After the ball was over, Bonnie took out her glass eye,
Put her false teeth in the basin, corked up a bottle of dye
Put her false leg in the corner, hung up her hair on the wall
And all that was left went to bye byes after the ball.

Alternative parody verse:

After the ball is over, see her take out her glass eye,
Put her false teeth in some water, cork up a bottle of dye,
Hang her false hair in the wardrobe then she takes off her false leg,
Half of my rose on the table, the other half in bed.

Alternative parody verse:

After the ball was over,
Bonnie took out her glass eye,
Put her false teeth in water,
Hung up her wig to dry
Put her peg leg in the corner
Hung her tin ear on the wall
And then what was left
Crawled into bed after the ball

Alternative parody verse:

After the ball was over,
Molly took out her glass eye,
put her false teeth in saltwater
hung up her wig to dry
Put her cork leg in the corner
unscrewed the tin ear from her head.
Then what was left of poor Molly
Went toddling off to bed!

Selected modern recordings and arrangements
Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album Join Bing and Sing Along  (1959)
Nat King Cole on Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer 1963
The Kingsway Strings
Lawrence Welk And His Orchestra  1957
Julie London - for her album Swing Me an Old Song (1959)
Orkest Frans Kerkhof 	1960
Frances Black with the band Arcady from Ireland, credited as "trad." 1990
Bob Crewe arranged Crewe 1967, covered by Danny Rivers South Africa 1967
Bob Kames  1959
Draaiorgel "De Pruik" 1960
Guy Lombardo And His Royal Canadians  	 1950
Anita Harris	1978
Joan Morris and William Bolcom on their debut album of the same title, 1974
Dave Davies (of English band The Kinks) on the various artists album, The Beautiful Old, 2013

See also
 List of best-selling sheet music

References

Booth, Mark W. The Experience of Songs. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981; pp. 159–72.
Goldberg, Isaac. Tin Pan Alley: A Chronicle of American Popular Music. New York: Frederick Ungar, [1930], 1961; pp. 90–98 and passant.
Harris, Charles K. After the Ball. New York: Frank Maurice, 1926; p. 50 and passant.

Bibliography
Booth, Mark W. The Experience of Songs. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
Goldberg, Isaac. Tin Pan Alley: A Chronicle of American Popular Music. New York: Frederick Ungar, [1930], 1961.
Harris, Charles K. After the Ball. New York: Frank Maurice, 1926.

External links
"After the Ball" at Tin Pan Alley project

Songs about parties
Songs about marriage
Songs about heartache
1891 songs
Waltzes
Songs written by Charles K. Harris


The Massachusetts Bar Association (MBA) is a voluntary, non-profit bar association in Massachusetts with a headquarters on West Street in Boston's Downtown Crossing. The MBA also has a Western Massachusetts office.

The purpose of the MBA is to serve the legal profession and the public by promoting the administration of justice, legal education, professional excellence and respect for the law. The MBA represents a diverse group of attorneys, judges and legal professionals across the commonwealth.

History
After the Massachusetts Bar Association was organized in 1909 as a voluntary Association, it was incorporated in 1911.

Of its members in 1911, historian Lee M. Friedman (1871–1957).

In 1951, the Law Society of Massachusetts merged with the Massachusetts Bar Association.

Membership

Any member of the Bar of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in good standing may become a member of the Association. Only members may vote and hold office in the Association.

Membership dues vary depending on how long an attorney has practiced, with special consideration given to particular areas of law, including legal services attorneys.

Any member of the MBA who has been admitted to the bar for 50 years, and is a current member in good standing shall automatically become a life member of the MBA and be exempt from paying annual dues.

Presidents

See also
Law Society of Massachusetts

References

External links
Official website

Massachusetts
Bar
Bar
Non-profit organizations based in Boston
1910 establishments in Massachusetts
Organizations established in 1910


Mark Twain and other Folk Favorites is the debut album by Harry Belafonte, released by RCA Victor in 1954.

Track listing
 "Mark Twain" (Traditional, Harry Belafonte) – 3:42
 "Man Piaba" (Belafonte, Jack K. Rollins) – 3:30
 "John Henry" (Traditional) – 3:27
 "Tol' My Captain" (Paul Campbell) – 2:45
 "Kalenda Rock (Mourning Song)" (Traditional) – 3:2
 "The Drummer and the Cook" (Traditional, Paul Campbell) – 2:04
 "The Fox" (Traditional, Campbell) – 2:43
 "Soldier, Soldier" (Traditional, Campbell) – 1:37
 "The Next Big River" (Traditional, Campbell) – 0:20
 "Delia" (Fred Brooks, Lester Judson) – 2:58
 "Mo Mary" (Richard Dyer-Bennett) – 2:15
 "Lord Randall" (Traditional, Campbell) – 4:07

Paul Campbell was a fictitious entity used to copyright material in the public domain.

Personnel
 Harry Belafonte  – vocals
 Millard Thomas – guitar
 Orchestra and chorus supervised by Hugo Winterhalter
Production notes:
 Hugo Winterhalter – producer
 Henri René – producer
 Jack Lewis – producer
 Joe Carlton – producer
 Kysar – cover art
 Leonard Feather – liner notes

References

1954 debut albums
American folklore
Harry Belafonte albums
RCA Victor albums