World War II losses of the Soviet Union were about 27,000,000, both civilian and military from all war-related causes, although exact figures are disputed. A figure of 20 million was considered official during the Soviet era. The post-Soviet government of Russia puts the Soviet war losses at 26.6 million, on the basis of the 1993 study by the Russian Academy of Sciences, including people dying as a result of effects of the war. This includes 8,668,400 military deaths as calculated by the Russian Ministry of Defence.

The figures published by the Russian Ministry of Defence have been accepted by most historians outside Russia. However, the official figure of 8.7 million military deaths has been disputed by Russian scholars who believe that the number of dead and missing POWs is not correct and new research is necessary to determine actual losses. Officials at the Russian Central Defense Ministry Archive (CDMA) maintain that their database lists the names of roughly 14 million dead and missing service personnel. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev stated in 2009 that more than 2.4 million people are still officially considered missing in action, and that of the 9.5 million persons buried in mass graves, six million are unidentified. Some Russian scholars put the total number of losses in the war, both civilian and military, at over 40 million. In 2020, Mikhail Meltyukhov, who works with the Russian Federal archival project, claimed that 15.9–17.4 million civilians were killed on Soviet territory by Germany and its allies during the war.

Summary of Russian sources
The war related deaths detailed in Russian sources are as follows.

The Krivosheev study listed 8,668,400 irreplaceable losses (from listed strength): 5,226,800 killed in action, 1,102,800 died of wounds in field hospitals, 555,500 non combat deaths, POW deaths and missing were 4,559,000. Deductions were 939,700 who "were encircled or missing in action in occupied areas who were reconscripted once areas liberated" and 1,836,000 POWs returned from captivity.
The Krivosheev study listed 500,000 reservists captured by the enemy after being conscripted but before being taken on strength.
Russian sources report 2,164,000 deaths as civilian "forced labor in Germany". Viktor Zemskov believed that these were actually military deaths not included in the Krivosheev report. Zemskov put the military death toll at 11.5 million.
Convicts and deserters listed in the Krivosheev study. 994,300 were sentenced by court martial and 212,400 were reported as deserters. They are not included with the 8,668,000 irreplaceable losses listed by Krivosheev.
Russian sources list 7.420 million civilians killed in the war, including the siege of Leningrad. Sources cited for this figure are from the Soviet period. The figure of 7.4 million has been disputed by Viktor Zemskov who believed that the actual civilian death toll was at least 4.5 million. He maintained that the official figures included POWs, persons who emigrated from the country, persons evacuated during the war counted as missing as well as militia and partisan fighters.
Russian sources maintain that there were 4.1 million famine deaths in the regions occupied by Germany.
Gulag prisoners. According to Viktor Zemskov "due to general difficulties in 1941–1945 in the camps, the GULAG and prisons about 1.0 million prisoners died. Anne Applebaum cites Russian sources that put the Gulag death toll from 1941 to 1945 at 932,000.
Deportation of ethnic minorities. Russian sources put the death toll at 309,000.
War-related deaths of those born during war – according to Andreev, Darski and Kharkova (ADK), there was an increase in infant mortality of 1.3 million.

Military losses

Krivosheev's analysis

In 1993, the Russian Ministry of Defense report authored by a group headed by General G. F. Krivosheev detailed military casualties. Their sources were Soviet reports from the field and other archive documents that were secret during the Soviet era, including a secret Soviet General Staff report from 1966 to 1968. Krivosheev's study puts Soviet military dead and missing at 8.7 million and is often cited by historians. Krivosheev maintained that the figure of 8.668 million is correct because it excludes called up reservists that were never inducted, men who were duplicated as conscripts because they were conscripted again into the Soviet army and Navy during the war as territories were being liberated and non-combat related causes. The statistic of 8.668 million military dead includes only the combat related deaths of the forces in the field units of the Army and Navy and does not include civilian support forces in rear areas, conscripted reservists killed before being listed on active strength, militia units, and Soviet partisan dead, Krivosheev maintained that they should be included with civilian war losses.

The schedule below summarizes Soviet casualties from 1941 to 1945.

Krivosheev's analysis shows that 4,559,000 were reported missing (including 3,396,400 per field reports and an additional 1,162,600 estimated based on German documents), out of which 500,000 were missing and presumed dead, 939,700 were re-conscripted during the war as territories were liberated, 1,836,000 returned to the U.S.S.R. after the war, while the balance of 1,283,300 died in German captivity as POWs or did not return to the USSR. Krivoshhev wrote, "According to German sources 673,000 died in captivity. Of the remaining 1,110,300, Soviet sources indicate that over half also died in captivity". Sources published outside of Russia put total POW dead at 3.0 million. Krivosheev maintains that this figure based on German sources includes civilian personnel that were not included in the reports of the Army and Navy field forces. In a 1999 article Krivosheev noted that after the war 180,000 liberated POWs did not return to the USSR and most likely settled in other countries, Krivosheev did not mention this in the English language translation of his study. According to declassified documents from the Soviet archives 960,039 surviving Soviet military POW were turned over to the Soviet authorities by the Western powers and 865,735 were released by the Soviet forces in territory they occupied.

Discharged during war of 9,693,000 includes 3,798,200 sent on sick leave; 3,614,600 transferred to work in industry, anti-aircraft defense and armed guards; 1,174,600 sent to NKVD troops and organs; 250,400 transferred to Polish, Czechoslovak and Romanian armies; 436,600 imprisoned; 206,000 discharged; and 212,400 not found after deserting, detached from troop convoy or missing in military districts in the interior.
During the war 422,700 men were sent to penal units at the front and not discharged.

The June 1945 force strength of 12,840,000 included 11,390,600 on active service; 1,046,000 in hospital; and 403,200 in civilian departments.

Krivosheev's group estimated losses for the early part of the war, because from 1941 to 1942 no surrounded or defeated divisions reported their casualties.

Total wounded and sick includes 15,205,592 wounded, 3,047,675 sick and 90,881 frostbite cases. Included in the total of 11.444 million irrecoverable losses are 1,100,327 died of wounds in hospital.

Field reports stated the number of wounded and sick as 18,344,148, while the records of the military medical service show a total of 22,326,905. According to Krivosheev the difference can be explained by the fact that the medical service included sick personnel who did not take part in the fighting.

Criticism of Krivosheev

Krivosheev's analysis has been disputed by independent scholars in Russia. His critics maintain that he underestimated the number of missing in action and POW deaths and deaths of service personnel in rear area hospitals. Makhmut Gareev, former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR, maintains that the published information on Soviet casualties is the work of the individual authors and not based on official data. According to Gareev the Russian government has not disclosed the actual losses in the war.

The data listed in the Krivosheev study has been disputed, S. N. Mikhalev put the losses of the combat forces at 10,922,000 Historian Viktor Zemskov estimated total military dead at 11.5 million. In his book Christian Hartmann puts the total at 11.4 million. Some researchers in Russia put the total demographic losses of the military at nearly 14.0 million. S. N. Mikahlev put total losses at 13.7 million S.A.Il'Enkov at the Russian military archives believes total losses were 13.850 million.
Krivosheev's critics maintain that he underestimated the numbers of missing and POWs. According to Viktor Zemskov total POW dead were 2.3 million and the number missing in action 1.5 million, 2.2 million more than Krivosheev. He noted that the figure includes military prisoners as well as militias, guerrillas, special units of various civil departments. S.N. Mikhalev maintained that Krivosheev understated irrecoverable losses by 2.254 million Data published in Russia indicate Soviet POW losses of 2,543,000 (5,734,000 were captured, 821,000 released into German service with the German military and 2,371,000 liberated)
1,046,000 sent to hospital were deducted from the total strength at the end of the war. In Krivosheev's figures 3,798,000 personnel were discharged for medical reasons of whom 2,576,000 became invalids. Kiriosheev does not include the balance of 1,222,000 with the war dead. S. A. Il'Enkov, an official at the Russian Military Archives, maintained that the "complex military situation at the front did not always allow for the conduct of a full accounting of losses, especially in the first years of the war". He pointed out that the reports from the field units did not include deaths in rear area hospitals of wounded and sick personnel. S.N Mikhalev put total losses at 13.7 million, based on his analysis of Ministry of Defense documents that a total of 2.6 million service personnel died of sickness or wounds in hospitals, 1.5 million more than the figure in the Krivosheev study.
994,300 Personnel convicted of offenses, according to Krivosheev 422,700, were sent to "penal sub-units at the front". S.N. Mikhalev maintained that the penal sub-units are not included with the casualties reported by the forces in the field. According to S.N. Mikhalev 135,000 service personnel were executed after being convicted, he believed that they are not included with the non-combat losses of the frontal units. Krivosheev maintains that those executed are included with non-combat losses of the field forces. Krivosheev lists an additional 436,600 personnel as being "imprisoned" during the war and were deducted from the total on active duty at the end of the war. However S.N. Mikhalev includes those imprisoned with irrecoverable losses

POW deaths
Western scholars estimate 3.3 million dead out of 5.7 million total Soviet POW captured. According to German figures 5,734,000 Soviet POWs were taken Between 22 June 1941 and the end of the war, roughly 5.7 million members of the Red Army fell into German hands. In January 1945, 930,000 were still in German camps. A million at most had been released, most of whom were so-called ‘volunteers’ (Hilfswillige) for (often compulsory) auxiliary service in the Wehrmacht. Another 500,000, as estimated by the Army High Command, had either fled or been liberated. The remaining 3,300,000 (57.5 percent of the total) had perished.". However, according to Krivosheev the Germans claimed to have captured up to 5.750 million POWs, he maintains that the figures in Nazi propaganda included civilians and military reservists that were caught up in the German encirclement's. Krivosheev puts the number of Soviet military POW that actually were sent to the camps at 4,059,000. Krivosheev maintained that the figure of 3.0 million POW dead reported in western sources included partisans, militia and civilian men of military age taken as POWs in the early stages of the war in 1941. In addition to the German-held POW Romania captured 82,090 Soviet POWs, 5,221 died, 3,331 escaped, and 13,682 were released  Finland captured 64,188 Soviet POWs, at least 18,318 were documented to have died in Finnish prisoner of war camps.

Analysis of S. N. Mikhalev
In 2000, S. N. Mikhalev published a study of Soviet casualties. From 1989 to 1996 he was an associate of the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defence. Mikhalev disputed Krivosheev's figure of 8.7 million military war dead, he put Soviet military dead at more than 10.9 million persons based on his analysis of those conscripted. He maintained that the official figures could not be reconciled to the total men drafted and that POW deaths were understated. Mikhalev put the total irreplaceable losses at 13.7 million; he believed that the official figures understated POW and missing losses, that the deaths of service personnel convicted of offenses were not included with the overall losses and that the number who died of wounds was understated.

Notes:

Convicted of offences by Soviet military
S. N. Mikhalev included in his figure irrecoverable losses the deaths of 994,300 Soviet military personnel that were convicted of offences during the course of the war (422,700 sent to penal battalions, 135,000 executed and 436,600 imprisoned)

Russian Military Archives database
An alternative method is to determine losses from the Russian Military Archives database of individual war dead. S. A. Il'Enkov, an official at the Russian Military Archives, maintained that the "complex military situation at the front did not always allow for the conduct of a full accounting of losses, especially in the first years of the war" He pointed out that in the reports from the field units did not include deaths in rear area hospitals of wounded personnel. Il'Enkov maintained that the information in the Russian Military Archives alphabetical card-indexes "is a priceless treasure of history, which can assist in resolving the problems of the price of Soviet victory" Il'Enkov maintained it could provide an accurate accounting of war losses. He concluded by stating, "We established the number of irreplaceable losses of our Armed Forces at the time of the Great Patriotic War of about 13,850,000. Krivosheev maintained that the database of individual war dead is unreliable because some personnel records are duplicated and others omitted.

Critics
Critics of the official figures by the Russian Ministry of Defense base their arguments on self analyses of documents in the Soviet archives and demographic models of the Soviet population during the Stalin era.

 In 2020, Doctor of History Mikhail Meltyukhov who works with the Russian Federal archival project stated that 15.9–17.4 million civilians were killed on Soviet territory by the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War.
On 14 February 2017 at a hearing of the Russian State Duma a presentation by legislator Nikolai Zemtsov, a member of the non-governmental organization Immortal Regiment of Russia, maintained that documents of the now defunct Soviet Gosplan indicated that Soviet war dead were almost 42 million (19 million military and 23 million civilians). However scholars believe that these figures are without serious foundation.
Viktor Zemskov maintained that the population loss due to the war was 20 million, including 16 million direct losses and 4 million deaths due to the deterioration in living conditions. He maintains that the Russian Academy of Science figure of 26.6 million total war dead includes about 7 million deaths due to natural causes based on the mortality rate that prevailed before the war. Zemskov maintains that military dead numbered 11.5 million, including nearly 4 million POWs. He maintains that the figure of 6.8 million civilian deaths in occupied regions was overstated because it included persons who were evacuated to the rear areas. He submitted an estimate of 4.5 million civilians who were Nazi victims or were killed in the occupied zone. Zemskov maintains that the government figure of 2.1 million civilian deaths due to forced labor in Germany was inflated compared to German wartime records that put the deaths of forced workers at 200,000.
Mark Solonin maintains that Krivosheev covered up casualties that were three to four times greater than Germany's. Solonin claimed that Russian official sources that list deaths of 13.7 million civilians due to the German occupation include victims of Stalinist repression. He points out that the current figures for civilian war dead are taken from Soviet-era sources. Solonin estimates total losses as somewhat under 20 million. Military dead numbered at least 10.7 million, excluding 2.18 million soldiers who are unaccounted for, half of whom he assumed died. He asserted that some deserted or emigrated and that a higher death toll is possible. Solonin's estimate is that 5–6 million civilians were killed by the invaders (including 2.83 million Jews) and over 1 million civilians perished in the Siege of Leningrad and in Stalingrad. He claimed that 6–9 million Soviets fell to Stalin's repressions, although in contemporary Russian official sources they are included with civilian war dead.
In 2017, the Russian historian Igor Ivlev put Soviet war dead at 42 million people (19.4 million military and 22.6 million civilians). According to Ivlev, Soviet State Planning Committee documents put the Soviet population at 205 million in June 1941 and 169.8 million for June 1945. Taking into account the 17.6 million births and 10.3 million natural deaths, leaving almost 42 million in war-related losses according to his research. The details of Ivlev's calculations were first announced at a parliamentary readings about the number of losses of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Ivlev's figures are endorsed by the Russian civic organization Immortal Regiment and have been discussed in the Russian media recently. Ivlev has published a summary of his arguments on the Russian website Demoscope Weekly. According to Ivlev's calculations based on the number of Soviet Communist party and Komsomol members conscripted, military dead and missing were 17.8 million.
Lev Lopukhovsky and Boris Kavalerchik label Krivosheev's transfer of military casualties to civilian losses as "ingratitude and blasphemy over their cherished memory". They demanded that the Russian government reinvestigate the matter. They state that Krivosheev's group understated losses in the crucial period of 1941–1942.
In 1996, Boris Sokolov published a study that estimated total war dead at 43.3 million including 26.4 million in the military. Sokolov's calculations claimed that official population figures in 1941 were understated by 12.7 million and the population in 1946 overstated by 4.0 million, yielding 16.7 million additional war dead, bringing the total to 43.3 million.
V. E. Korol estimated overall Soviet war dead at 46 million including military dead of 23 million. He claimed that the official figure of 8.7 million military dead was "groundless", based on battle accounts from across the Eastern Front. Korol held that the official figures of Krivosheev were an attempt to cover up the disregard for human life by the military leaders under Stalin. Korol cited Soviet authors writing during the glasnost era that put wartime losses much higher than the official figures; In 1990, General I. A. Gerasimov published information from the Russian Military Archives database that put losses at 16.2 million enlisted men and 1.2 million officers. Korol also cited historian-archivist Iu. Geller who put losses at 46 million, including military dead of 23 million. and A.N. Mertsalov's estimate of 14 million military dead based on documents in the Russian Military Archives.
Hypothetical population loss for children unborn due to the war– Some Russian writers have argued that war losses should also include the hypothetical population loss for children unborn due to the war; using this methodology total losses would be about 46 million.
A compilation made in March 2008 of the individuals listed in the card files put total dead and missing at 14,241,000 (13,271,269 enlisted men and 970,000 officers)

Male war dead
Andreev, Darski and Karkova (ADK) put total losses at 26.6 million. The authors did not dispute Krivoshev's report of 8.7 million military dead. Their demographic study estimated the total war dead of 26.6 million included 20.0 million males and 6.6 million females. In mid-1941 the USSR hosted 8.3 million more females; by 1946 this gap had grown to 22.8 million, an increase of 13.5 million.

Civilian losses

A 1995 paper published by M.V. Filimoshin, an associate of the Russian Defense Ministry, put the civilian death toll in the regions occupied by Germany at 13.7 million. Filimoshin cited sources from Soviet era to support his figures and used the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to deaths of 7.4 million civilians caused by direct, intentional violence. Civilians killed in reprisals during the Soviet partisan war account for a major portion. Filimoshin estimated that civilian forced laborer deaths in Germany totaled 2.1 million. Germany had a policy of forced confiscation of food that resulted in famine deaths of an estimated 6% of the population, or 4.1 million. Russian government sources currently cite these civilian casualty figures in their official statements.

 The sources cited for these figures are from the Soviet period. The Statistic of 7.420 million civilian war dead has been disputed by Viktor Zemskov who believed that the actual civilian death toll was at least 4.5 million. He maintained that the official figures included POWs, persons who emigrated from the country and militia/partisan fighters. According to his analysis the forced laborer death figure of 2.164 million includes the balance of losses not reported in Krivosheev's figure of 8.668 million military war dead, including POWs
Civilian losses include 57,000 killed in bombing raids (40,000 Stalingrad and 17,000 Leningrad).
Russian sources include Jewish Holocaust deaths among total civilian dead. Gilbert put Jewish losses at one million within 1939 borders; Holocaust deaths in the annexed territories numbered an additional 1.5 million, bringing total Jewish losses to 2.5 million.
Civilian losses include deaths in the siege of Leningrad. According to David Glantz the 1945 Soviet estimate presented at the Nuremberg Trials was 642,000 civilian deaths. He noted that Soviet era source from 1965 put the number of dead in the Siege of Leningrad at "greater than 800,000" and that a Russian source from 2000 put the number of dead at 1,000,000. Other Russian historians put the Leningrad death toll at between 1.4 and 2.0 million.
Russian sources maintain that there were 4.1 million famine deaths in the regions occupied by Germany. Russian sources also report 2.5 to 3.2 million Soviet civilians who died due to famine and disease in non-occupied territory of the USSR, which was caused by wartime shortages in the rear areas.
These casualties are for 1941–1945 within the 1946–1991 borders of the USSR. Included with civilian losses are deaths in the territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–1940 including 600,000 in the Baltic states and 1,500,000 in Eastern Poland (500,000 ethnic Poles and 1 million Jews).
Documents from the Soviet archives number the total deaths of prisoners in the Gulag from 1941 to 1945 at 621,637. In a 1995 report Viktor Zemskov noted "due to general difficulties in 1941–1945 in the camps, the GULAG, and prisons, about 1.0 million prisoners died.

Total population losses

Demographic studies of the population losses

Studies by Andreev, Darski and Kharkova

E.M. Andreev, L.E. Darski and T. L. Kharkova ("ADK") authored The Population of the Soviet Union 1922–1991, which was published by the Russian Academy of Science in 1993. Andreev worked in the Department of Demography Research Institute of the Central Statistical Bureau (now the Research Institute of Statistics of Federal State Statistical Service of Russia). The study estimated total Soviet war losses of 26.6 million. As of 2015, this was the official Russian government figure for total losses. These losses are a demographic estimate rather than an exact accounting.

Notes:
 According to Andreev, Darski and Kharkova (ADK) the total population loss due to the war was 26.6 million (1941–1945). They maintain that between 9-10 million of the total Soviet war dead were due to the worsening of life conditions in the entire USSR, including the region that was not occupied. The total loss of 26.6 million is based on the assumptions that the wartime increase in infant mortality was 1.3 million and that persons dying of natural causes declined during the war. Overall the annual Mortality rate (persons dying of natural causes) declined from 2.17% in 1940 to 1.58% in 1946. The decline in persons dying of natural causes during the war was due to the fact that a disproportionate number of adults, especially men were killed during the war, than those persons under 18 and women who survived. The figure for births during the war is based on a post war survey of the Total fertility rate which put the number of births during the war at about one half of the prewar level. The main areas of uncertainty were the estimated figures for the population in the territories annexed from 1939 to 1945 and the loss of population due to emigration during and after the war. The figures include victims of Soviet repression and the deaths of Soviet citizens in German military service. Michael Haynes noted, "We do not know the total number of deaths as a result of the war and related policies". We do know that the demographic estimate of excess deaths was 26.6 million plus an additional 11.9 million natural deaths of persons born before the war and 4.2 million children born during the war that would have occurred in peacetime, bringing the total dead to 42.7 million. At this time the actual total number of deaths caused by the war is unknown since among the 16.1 million "natural deaths" some would have died peacefully and others as a result of the war.
Civilian deaths were detailed in the Russian study - Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Civilian deaths by intentional actions of violence 7,420,000; Deaths of forced laborers 2,164,000; Deaths due to famine and disease 8,500,000 (including 4.1 million in the occupied territories).
The official total military dead per the analysis of Krivosheev is 8,668,000. The Russian Ministry of Defense maintains that their figure of 8.668 million is correct based on a reconciliation of those conscripted. The official toll of 2,164,000 forced laborers dead could include POWs considered civilians by the military. Critics of Krivosheev maintain that the war dead should include an additional 2.9 million persons, according to their analysis the number of POWs and missing was understated in the official figures. Viktor Zemskov puts total military dead (1941–45) at 11.5 million. A 2013 academic study put Soviet military dead at 11.4 million.
In addition to the war dead there were 622,000 persons who remained abroad after the war.
 Births and natural deaths during war are rough estimates since vital statistics were inaccurate.
 Figures do not include an estimated 20 million children not born because the war depressed fertility/birth rates.
 ADK pointed out that the beginning population in 1941 and the ending population at 1 January 1946 are rough estimates since figures for the territories annexed in 1939–1940 and emigration from the USSR during the war are based on fragmentary information.

Remarks:
 0–14–The deaths of 2.8 million children was due primarily to famine and disease caused by the war.
 15–19–The excess deaths of 724,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses. The wartime draft age was 18.
 20–34–The excess deaths of 6,342,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses. The deaths of 2,663,000 women is an indication that they were involved in the partisan war and became victims of Nazi reprisals.
 35–49–The excess deaths of 5,358,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses.
 Over 49–The excess deaths of 1,038,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses. Some served in the Armed Forces. Others were involved in the partisan war and became victims of Nazi reprisals.
 All Ages–The excess deaths of 13,489,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses with regular forces as well partisan forces. The figures are a clear indication that many Soviet civilians died in the war from reprisals, famine and disease.

Voters lists in 1946 election
Another study, The Demographic History of Russia 1927–1959, analyzed voters in the February 1946 Soviet election to estimate the surviving population over the age of 18 at the end of the war. The population under 18 was estimated based on the 1959 census. Official records listed 101.7 million registered voters and 94.0 million actual voters, 7.7 million less than the expected figure. ADK maintained that the official results of the 1946 election are not a good source for estimating the population. They believe that the total of expected voters should be increased by 10.5 million because the roll of voters excluded those deprived of their rights, in prison or in exile. ADK maintained that many young military men did not participate in the election, and an overestimation of women in rural areas without internal passports who sought to avoid compulsory heavy labor. Included in the voter total were 29.9 million "excess" women. However number of expected voters estimated by ADK the gap between males and females was 21.4 million, which approximates the 20.7 million gap revealed by the 1959 census. The prewar population of 1939 (including the annexed territories) had an excess of 7.9 million females. The ADK analysis found that the gap had increased by about 13.5 million.

Alternative sources of demographic losses
Russian demographer Rybakovsky found a wide range of estimates for total war dead. He estimated the actual population in 1941 at 196.7 million and losses at 27–28 million. He cited figures that range from 21.7 to 46 million. Rybakovsky acknowledged that the components used to compute losses are uncertain and disputed.

Population estimates for mid-1941 range from 191.8 to 200.1 million, while the population at the end of 1945 range from 167.0 million up to 170.6 million. Based on the pre-war birth rate, the population shortfall was about 20 million births in 1946. Some were born and died during the war, while the balance was never born. Only rough estimates are available for each group. Estimates for the population of the territories annexed from 1939 to 1945 range from 17 to 23 million persons.

Rybakovsky provided a list of the various estimates of Soviet war losses by Russian scholars since 1988.

Estimates of losses by individual Republics
Former Soviet republics
The contemporary nations that were formerly Soviet Republics dispute Krivosheev's analysis. In a live broadcast of 16 December 2010, A Conversation with Vladimir Putin, he maintained that the Russian Federation had suffered the greatest proportional losses in World War II—70 percent of the total. Official estimates by the former republics of the USSR claim military casualties exceeding those of Krivosheev's report by 3.5 times. It is claimed by the website sovsekretno.ru that there are no Memory Books published in the USSR, Russia and the other contemporary republics in the 80s and 90s listing casualties of 25 percent of the draft or less, but there are many Memory Books with 50 per cent and more with some telling us of a 70, 75, 76 and up to 79 per cent mortality rate among the conscripted.

(A) The Ukrainian authorities and historians ardently dispute these figures. They put the military casualties alone may be estimated as exceeding 7 million, according to the final volume of the Ukrainian book "In the memory of posterity" and research of V. E. Korol, writes an American (former Soviet) Doctor of History Vilen Lyulechnik. Former President of Ukraine Victor Yanukovych maintains that Ukraine has lost more than 10 million lives during the Second World War.

(B) According to a Belarusian military historian, Doctor of History, professor V. Lemeshonok, the Belarusian military casualties, including partisans and underground group members, exceed 682,291.

(C) The Memory Book of Tatarstan Government contains names of about 350,000 inhabitants of the republic, mostly Tatars.

(D) Israeli historian Yitzhak Arad maintains that about 200,000 Soviet Jews or 40 per cent of all draft were killed in battles or captivity — the highest percentage of all nations of the USSR.

(E) Kazakhstan estimates its military casualties at 601,029.

(F) Armenians estimate their military casualties at over 300,000.

(G) Georgians also estimate their military casualties at over 300,000.

(I) Among the others Azerbaijanis claim military casualties of 300,000, Bashkirs of about 300,000, Mordvas of 130,000 and Chuvashes of 106,470. But one of the most tragic figures comes from a Far Eastern republic of Yakutia and its small nation. 37,965 citizens, mostly Yakuts, or 60.74 per cent of 62,509 drafted have not returned home with 7,000 regarded missing. About 69,000 died of severe famine in the republic. This nation could not restore its population even under 1959 census. The record breaking estimates of 700,000 military casualties out of a total 1,25 million Turkmenian citizens (with slightly less than 60 per cent being Turkmens) are attributed to the late President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov. Historians do not regard them as being trustworthy.

Estimated losses for each Soviet Republic
Russian historian Vadim Erlikman pegs total war deaths at 10.7 million, exceeding Krivosheev's 8.7 million by an extra two million. This extra two million would presumably include Soviet POWs that died in Nazi captivity, partisans, and militia.

The source of the figures on the table is Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke : spravochnik. Moscow 2004.  pp. 23–35 Erlikman notes that these figures are his estimates. This table includes civilian losses in Transcaucasian and Central Asian republics due to famine and disease caused by wartime shortfalls estimated by Vadim Erlikman.

OBD Memorial database

The names of Soviet war dead are presented at the OBD (Central Data Bank) Memorial database online.

Causes

The Red Army suffered catastrophic losses of men and equipment during the first months of the German invasion. In the spring of 1941 Stalin ignored the warnings of his intelligence services of a planned German invasion and refused to put the Armed forces on alert. The bulk of the Soviet combat units were deployed in the border regions in a lower state of readiness. In the face of the German onslaught the Soviet forces were caught by surprise. Large numbers of Soviet soldiers were captured and many perished due to the brutal mistreatment of POWs by the Nazis. Earl F. Ziemke maintained high Soviet losses can be attributed to 'less efficient medical services and the Soviet tactics, which throughout the war tended to be expensive in terms of human life"

Russian scholars attribute the high civilian death toll to the Nazi Generalplan Ost which treated Soviet peoples as "subhumans", they use the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to civilian losses in the occupied USSR. German occupation policies implemented under the Hunger Plan resulted in the confiscation of food stocks which resulted in famine in the occupied regions. During the Soviet era the partisan campaign behind the lines was portrayed as the struggle of the local population against the German occupation. To suppress the partisan units the Nazi occupation forces engaged in a campaign of brutal reprisals against innocent civilians. The extensive fighting destroyed agricultural land, infrastructure, and whole towns, leaving much of the population homeless and without food. During the war Soviet civilians were taken to Germany as forced laborers under inhumane conditions.

Summary of the estimates and their sources
Estimates for Soviet losses in the Second World War range from 7 million to over 43 million. During the Communist era in the Soviet Union historical writing about World War II was subject to censorship and only official approved statistical data was published. In the USSR during the Glasnost period under Gorbachev and in post communist Russia the casualties in World War II were re-evaluated and the official figures revised.

1946 to 1987
Joseph Stalin in March 1946 stated that Soviet war losses were 7 million dead. This was to be the official figure until the Khrushchev era. In November 1961 Nikita Khrushchev stated that Soviet war losses were 20 million; this was to be the official figure until the Gorbachev era of Glasnost. Leonid Brezhnev in 1965 put the Soviet death toll in the war at "more than 20 million" Ivan Konev in a May 1965 Soviet Ministry of Defense press conference stated that Soviet military dead in World War II were 10 million. In 1971, the Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis put losses at 20 million including 6,074,000 civilians and 3,912,000 prisoners of war killed by Nazi Germany, military dead were put at 10 million.

Documents from the Extraordinary State Commission prepared in March 1946 not but published until the 1990s listed 6,074,857 civilians killed, 3,912,283 prisoner of war dead, 3,999,796 deaths during German forced labor and 641,803 civilian famine deaths during Siege of Leningrad. The Soviet general staff put losses at 8,668,000 dead and missing, however the General Staffs figures were not published until 1993. Also 688,772 Soviet citizens who remained in western countries after the war were included with the war losses.

1988 to 1992
During the period of Glasnost, the official figure of 20 million war dead was challenged by Soviet scholars. In 1988–1989, estimates of 26 to 28 million total war dead appeared in the Soviet press. The Russian scholar Dmitri Volkogonov, writing at this, time estimated total war deaths at 26–27,000,000, including 10,000,000 in the military. In March 1989, Mikhail Gorbachev established a committee to investigate Soviet war losses. In a May 1990 speech, Gorbachev gave the figure for total Soviet losses at "almost 27 million". This revised figure was the result of research by the committee set up by Gorbachev that estimated total war dead at between 26 and 27 million. In January 1990, M.A. Moiseev, Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces, disclosed for the first time in an interview that Soviet military war dead totaled 8,668,400. In 1991, the Russian scholar A.A. Shevyakov published an article with summary of civilian losses based on his analysis of the archival records of the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission, civilian dead were given as 17.7 million. In a second article in 1992, A.A. Shevyakov gave a figure of 20.8 million civilian dead; no explanation for the difference was given.

Russians published in the West 1950–83
In 1949, Soviet Colonel Kalinov defected to the west, where he published a book claiming that Soviet records indicated the military loss of 13.6 million men, including 2.6 million POW dead. Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, estimated Soviet war losses at between 24.5 and 27.4 million, including 7.5 million military dead. The Soviet mathematician Iosif G. Dyadkin published a study in the United States that estimated the total Soviet population losses from 1939 to 1945, due to the war and political repression, at 30 million. Dyadkin was imprisoned for publishing this study in the west.

Western scholars
Historians writing outside of the Soviet Union and Russia have evaluated the various Russian language sources and have offered their estimates of Soviet war dead. Here is a listing of estimates by recognized scholars published in the West.

David Glantz maintains that "the war with Nazi Germany cost the Soviet Union at least 29 million military casualties" (dead, wounded and sick) "The exact numbers can never be established, and some revisionists have attempted to put the number as high as 50 million"
Richard Overy believes the "figures for military dead published in 1993... give the fullest account yet available, but they omit three operations that were clear failures. The official figures themselves must be viewed critically, given the difficulty of knowing in the chaos of 1941 and 1942 exactly who had been killed, wounded or even conscripted" Regarding military dead Richard Overy believes that "for the present the figure of 8.6 million must be regarded as the most reliable"
The authors of the Cambridge History of Russia have provided an analysis of Soviet wartime casualties. Overall losses were about 25 million persons plus or minus 1 million. Red Army records indicate 8.7 million military deaths, "this figure is actually the lower limit". The official figures understate POW losses and armed partisan deaths. Excess civilian deaths in the Nazi occupied USSR were 13.7 million persons including 2 million Jews. There were an additional 2.6 million deaths in the interior regions of the Soviet Union. The authors maintain "scope for error in this number is very wide". At least 1 million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations. Other deaths occurred in the wartime evacuations and due to war related malnutrition and disease in the interior. The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler "were both responsible but in different ways" for these deaths.The authors of the Cambridge History of Russia believe that "In short the general picture of Soviet wartime losses suggests a jigsaw puzzle. The general outline is clear: people died in colossal numbers but in many different miserable and terrible circumstances. But individual pieces of the puzzle do not fit well; some overlap and others are yet to be found"
Steven Rosefielde puts the war related demographic losses of the USSR from 1941 to 1945 at 22.0 to 26.0 million persons (7.8 million military and 14.2 to 18.2 million civilians). The actual wartime losses are higher because some persons who would have died peacefully actually perished as a result of the war. Rosefielde estimated the actual military dead at 8.7 million men and 17.7 to 20.3 million civilians killed by the Nazis in the war (exterminated, shot, gassed burned 6.4 or 11.3 million; famine and disease 8.5 or 6.5 million; forced laborer in Germany 2.8 or 3.0 million and 500,000 who did not return to USSR after war.) In addition to these war deaths Rosefielde also estimated the excess deaths attributed to the "total potential crimes against humanity" due to Soviet repression at 2.183 million persons in 1939–40 and 5.458 million from 1941 to 1945. The figures for losses due to Soviet repression do not include 1 million military deaths of men drafted from the Gulag into penal suicide battalions.
According to historian Timothy Snyder "More inhabitants of Soviet Ukraine died in the Second World War than inhabitants of Soviet Russia as calculated by Russian historians." These remarks were presented at the conference "Germany's Historical Responsibility towards Ukraine" ("Deutschen Historischen Verantwortung für die Ukraine"), German Bundestag, Berlin, Germany, 20 June 2017.

See also
 Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs
 Soviet historiography
 The Holocaust in Russia
 World War II casualties
 List of Soviet military units that lost their standards in World War II

Notes

References

Sources

  (1st article)
  (2nd article)

  This article by a researcher at the Russian Academy of Science is a brief summary of the work of the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission.
  This article by a researcher at the Russian Academy of Science gives a detailed breakdown by locality of civilian losses in the occupied USSR based on the reports of the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission.

Demographic history


Druuna: Morbus Gravis is a 2001 video game, based upon the science fiction and fantasy comic book character of Druuna. The adventure game was developed for Microsoft Windows by Artematica and published by Microïds.

The game has three different modes of play: Arcade/Adventure and 3D real time Interactive full motion video. There are 60 minutes' worth of cinematics in full motion video. Gameplay reveals a CGI rendered industrial world where monsters and enemies and the environment can surprise Druuna in fatal ways.

Reception

The game received "generally unfavorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

Notes

References

External links

2001 video games
Adventure games
Microïds games
Science fiction video games
Video games based on comics
Video games developed in Italy
Video games featuring female protagonists
Windows games
Windows-only games


Thomas Laycock (1786 – 7 November 1823) was an English soldier, explorer, and later businessman, who served in North America during the War of 1812, but is most famous for being the first European to travel overland through the interior of Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land).

Early life
Thomas Laycock was the son of Thomas (1756–1809) and Hannah Laycock (née Pearson, 1758–1831). Whilst the details of his birth are unknown, it is known that he was baptised in London, and arrived in Sydney as a nine-year-old with his mother on 21 September 1791 aboard , as part of the Third Fleet. His father, Thomas, had been a quartermaster in the New South Wales Corps, who had also arrived in Sydney aboard HMS Gorgon.

He soon entered service with the New South Wales Corps, and had been commissioned as ensign on 30 December 1795. A natural soldier, he rose to lieutenant by 1802. After service in both Sydney and Norfolk Island, Laycock was sent to Port Dalrymple, Van Diemen's Land to serve under Captain Anthony Fenn Kemp in 1806.

Van Diemen's Land
Arriving in Van Diemen's Land in 1806, Laycock found the northern settlement of Port Dalrymple to be stricken with famine. He was immediately entrusted with a mission to convey dispatches for Lieutenant-Governor David Collins in Hobart Town. No journey into the interior of the island had yet been attempted. Laycock set out on horseback, on 3 February 1807 with four other men from the New South Wales Corps, carrying three weeks provisions each.

They followed the course of the Tamar River south towards the mountains visible in the distance. Climbing into the Central Highlands, the party soon discovered the Lakes district there. They found the going tough over the rugged alpine terrain, but once they had hit the flat ridge line, the party was able to observe much kinder terrain in the distance off to the east. Descending the southern slopes of the Central Highlands, the party came upon the Clyde River, which they named "Fat Doe River", and camped at a location that was later to become the township of Bothwell. The terrain around this region was much more amenable to travel, and Laycock noted the location for his return journey.

They had managed to traverse the islands in just over eight days, arriving on 11 February. They arrived in Hobart Town and issued Collins with the dispatches, but were regrettably told, the situation in Hobart Town was no better than at Port Dalrymple, and no supplies could be spared for the northern colony.

Exhausted from the southward journey, Laycock's party rested in Hobart Town for four days, before commencing their return journey. Following a more easterly route on their northward journey, the party found the going much easier, riding up through the Midlands that was to become the major pastures and farmland of the colony in the following decade. The route that they followed quickly became the 'Hobart Road', the main route between Port Dalrymple (soon after renamed Launceston, Tasmania) and Hobart Town. With minor variations, the route is also closely followed by the modern Midland Highway which is the major north–south artery of Tasmania, and forms part of the national highway number 1.

Despite the famine, Laycock was rewarded for important his discovery by being given a cow, which of course was highly valuable given the short supply of food. He returned to Sydney in January 1808.

Rum Rebellion

Upon his return to Sydney, Laycock discovered that the Rum Rebellion was in full-swing, and the New South Wales Corps, under the leadership of Major George Johnston, and former soldier turned pastoralist John Macarthur had enacted a military coup and had arrested Governor William Bligh. Laycock was appointed to the criminal court that tried Macarthur for his involvement in the plot, and in so doing, he became the only physical casualty of the bloodless rebellion, when he was sent to search Government House for evidence, and fell through a manhole. As a reward for his duties and his discoveries in Van Diemen's Land, Laycock was granted  of land in the Cabramatta region of southwestern Sydney, but like all officers involved in the Rum Rebellion, he had this land confiscated upon the appointment of the next Governor, Lachlan Macquarie.

On 1 June 1809 he married Isabella Bunker, daughter of Eber Bunker. Following Macquarie's arrival, the newly married Laycock departed from New South Wales with wife Isabella, aboard HMS Dromedary on 18 March 1810, sailing for England.

War of 1812

The New South Wales Corps were disbanded in disgrace following their part in the rebellion, and most of the men transferred into a newly formed 102nd Regiment of foot, and were recalled to England. Laycock also returned to England for the first time since he was a boy, but rejoined with the 98th Regiment of foot. By September 1811 he had been promoted to captain.

The following year, war with the United States broke out in North America, and the 98th foot were dispatched to fight there. For the majority of the war, Laycock's regiment were stationed in Bermuda and New Brunswick, although companies did also garrison parts of the Atlantic coast from 1814 to 1818. Little is known about Laycock's experiences in the war, but he returned to England, selling off his commission upon his return.

Later life and death
Thomas Laycock and wife Isabella sailed immediately for Sydney aboard Fame with their two children, leaving on 8 March 1817, but Isabella took ill during the journey, and died on 12 May 1817. With two young children to look after, Laycock quickly remarried his second wife, Margaret (née Connell) at St. Philips on 8 July 1817, with whom he had a further two children.

Using the money he had saved from his service and sale of commission, he set up a general store and hotel, and quickly became one of the biggest suppliers of meat to the commissariat store. By 1819 he had become involved in local affairs, and was one of the leading citizens is a public call for the right to trial by jury.

Years of life in the military took their toll upon Thomas Laycock, and at the age of 37 he died at home on his estate on 7 November 1823.

References

Settlers of Australia
1786 births
1823 deaths
British colonial army officers
98th Regiment of Foot officers
Explorers of Tasmania
19th-century Australian businesspeople


The 2009 AIBA World Boxing Championships were held in Milan, Italy, from September 1, 2009 to September 12, 2009, in the Mediolanum Forum. It was the biggest World Championships in AIBA history. The competition was under the supervision of the world's governing body for amateur boxing, the AIBA.

Originally, Cameroon, Trinidad and Tobago and Uzbekistan each expressed interest in hosting the championships. However, they did not submit a final application and were therefore withdrawn from the running. This left Italy and South Korea remaining, who were the final two countries in contention during the bidding process to host the 2009 championships. The city of Milan in Italy was then chosen to host the competition.

Medal table

Medal summary

See also
 World Amateur Boxing Championships

References

External links
Official Games website

World Amateur Boxing Championships
Boxing Championships
Sports competitions in Milan
AIBA World Boxing Championships
International boxing competitions hosted by Italy
September 2009 sports events in Europe
2000s in Milan


St Levan Church, St Levan is a parish church in the Church of England located in St Levan, Cornwall, United Kingdom. Until 1864 the church was a chapelry of the Royal Peculiar of the Deanery of St Buryan. It is now part of the united benefice of St Buryan and St Sennen.

History
The church of St Levan is medieval. It was heavily rebuilt in the twelfth century and extended in the fifteenth century. In 1874 it was restored by J. D. Sedding to a more medieval appearance.

St Levan (properly Selevan, a Celtic form of Solomon) according to the Life of St Kybi was a Cornishman and the father of Kybi. In the department of Morbihan are four places probably connected to the same saint, who probably lived in the 6th or 7th century. On the cliff at St Levan is St Levan's Well and below it the probable remains of his chapel, which were described by William Borlase in his Antiquities. For more information on the saint see Salomon of Cornwall.

William Alsa, a local priest, was hanged for taking part in the 1549 Prayer Book Rebellion.

Bells
The tower contains three bells dating from 1641 (John Beaskam), 1754 (Abel Rudhall) and 1881 (Mears & Stainbank).

Stone crosses
Langdon (1896) records six stone crosses in the parish, of which two are in the churchyard.

Stained window
A stained glass window, the work of Messrs Joseph Bell and Son of Bristol, was placed in the chancel in March 1880. The window depicts Jesus, holding a child, between St Peter and St John and is in memory of Achile Baglehole who died when he fell off the cliff at Land's End in July 1879.

Media
St Levan's Church was featured in the first series of the BBC's Doctor Who.

References

St Levan
St Levan
Penwith


The 2008 Korean FA Cup, known as the 2008 Hana Bank FA Cup, was the 13th edition of the Korean FA Cup. It began on 24 February 2008, and ended on 21 December 2008. Pohang Steelers claimed their second title after beating Gyeongnam FC 2–0 in the final.

Qualifying rounds

First round

Second round

Third round

Final rounds

Bracket

Fourth round
Jeonnam Dragons and Pohang Steelers won by default.

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Awards
Source:

See also
2008 in South Korean football
2008 K League
2008 Korea National League
2008 K3 League
2008 U-League
2008 Korean League Cup

References

External links
Official website
Fixtures & Results at KFA

2008
2008 in South Korean football
2008 domestic association football cups


Customer Communications Management (CCM) is software that companies use to deliver communications to customers. Originally, customer communications referred to printed documents, archived digital documents, and email.  Organizations' digital transformation of customer communications expanded communication distribution to include SMS, in-app notifications, responsive design mobile experiences, and messages over common social media platforms.

History
Before the term CCM was used, this technology was referred to as Variable Data Printing (VDP) or Variable Data Publishing. The term "Trans Promo", short for "Trans Promotional", was in use as the term "VDP" gave way to "CCM" in industry-generated content.

Initial CCM concepts focused on the utilization of company system generated transactional documents. These documents such as bank statements, statements of account, invoices, and other customer transactional documents were viewed as ideal customer touchpoints to promote company products to customers. Transactional documents are opened and read by more than 90% of consumers. In competitive markets, the average consumer encounters numerous advertisements, e-mails, direct mail, and solicitations daily. Employing personalized communication strategies can result in repeat buying customers.

Components
All CCM technologies feature design interfaces that primarily use a visual layout software to define the structure of the communication. These design interfaces create a basic visual structure of a communication that is later populated by a production engine with data, variably created data, static content elements, rules-driven content elements, externally referenced content and other elements to create a finished customer communication.

There are varying degrees of sophistication that CCM design interfaces handle, depending on the business needs. Some design environments are simple cloud-based interfaces that create communications for quick and easy marketing communications. There are more comprehensive interfaces that can support complex applications like insurance policy generation that require the skills and expertise of many business experts.

Most CCM technologies offer data extraction capabilities that allow marketers and businesses to combine data from multiple systems across their business to perform customer analysis before composing communications. This allows marketers to evaluate the marketing mix and position individual products to the customer in respect of relevance to the customer or the results of purchase propensity model by applying rules on content elements within the design.

The process results in the creation of a data model, data acquisition and decision rules. These enable a document composition engine to follow its own set of document application rules, constructing individual documents on the basis of data items contained within an individual's data record. The Document Composition engine usually produces either a print stream or, XML data.

Post-processing can be utilized to prepare a print job for production and distribution. This may include tasks such as the application of barcodes to deliver individual mail piece instructions to the inserters and to vary these in terms of the actual inserter being used. For example, one manufacturer's inserter may require different barcode instructions to complete the same task than another.

Print Management software controls the routing and distribution of print jobs to either a single production printer or a fleet of production printers. Print management software also provides a mechanism for assured delivery (ensuring that all pages get printed) through communication and feedback from print devices. Analysis of resultant data provides insight useful for Document Production Managers.

See also
 Document Automation
 Intelligent Document
 Customer Experience Management
 Enterprise output management
Customer-relationship management

References

Marketing software
Marketing techniques
Document management systems


"Down the Road" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. McAnally has charted with the song on two separate occasions. The first of these two versions was released as the second single from his 1990 album Simple Life, and was a minor chart single for him that year. Eighteen years later, McAnally re-recorded the song as a duet with Kenny Chesney on Chesney's 2008 album Lucky Old Sun. This rendition is also McAnally's highest charting country hit, having reached Number One in February 2009.

Content
"Down the Road" is a mid-tempo ballad. In it, the male narrator describes his childhood love interest — a girl who lives down the road from him. Eventually, the narrator proposes to marry her, only to find out the expectations her parents have of him.

In the second verse, the narrator is now an adult, and his daughter has a love interest who lives down the road. He then explains that he has the same expectations that the parents in the first verse had, but he will still let her go down the road.

According to Country Weekly magazine, McAnally was inspired to write the song one Christmas morning after thinking about what his two daughters' lives would be like in the future (he has since had a third).

Mac McAnally version
Mac McAnally's original version is the second single from his 1990 album Simple Life, his only album for Warner Bros. Records. It peaked at No. 70 on the Hot Country Songs charts. McAnally later released it on his 1994 album Knots.

Music video
McAnally's rendition also features a music video, directed by John Lloyd Miller. It features McAnally performing the song on a porch while playing electric guitar.

Chart positions

Kenny Chesney version

In 2008, Kenny Chesney covered the song on his album Lucky Old Sun. Chesney's version features guest vocals from McAnally, who sings the second verse and chorus. Unlike McAnally's original which is accompanied by electric guitar, Chesney's rendition is more acoustic in nature, featuring only accompaniment from two steel-string acoustic guitars and congas. According to McAnally, the song "was not supposed to be a duet", but he agreed to record it as a duet on Chesney's album.  Chesney and McAnally were nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals on December 2, 2009.

Composition
The Chesney and McAnally duet version is set in cut time in the key of E major. It has a moderate tempo and a main chord pattern of E-B-A-B. Chesney and McAnally's vocals range from B3-C5.

Reception

Critical
Chesney's rendition received a "thumbs-up" rating from The 9513. Critic Jim Malec said that the song "provid[ed] him a comfortable pocket from which he can weave a tale" and added, "'Down The Road' brings together the best of Chesney with the best of McAnally, a songwriter whose greatest strength is his ability to breath life into characters that seem unquestionably real, and which help us discuss life’s essential and often bittersweet truths." He also said that it was Chesney's "best vocal performance in years". Jacob Crogie of 411 Mania gave the Chesney version a four-out-of-five rating, saying "This re-recording is a classic example of good country! It's got some solid musicality and is acoustic based to suit the subject matter. McAnally's writing provides solid, believable, sympathetic characters which allows the listener to connect to the song emotionally."

Chart positions
Chesney's version of the song made its chart debut at number 59 on the country charts dated for November 1, 2008. It fell from the charts the next week, then re-entered at number 38 for the week of November 15. It is McAnally's second Top 40 country chart entry, eighteen years after his previous one, the number 14 "Back Where I Come From" in 1990. The duet version reached number one on the country chart dated for February 28, 2009, giving Chesney his sixteenth Number One and McAnally his first, and to date, only Number One.

Year-end charts

Certifications

Cover Versions
Dennis Agajanian recorded "Down the Road" for his 1992 album "Out of the Wilderness", and included it again on his 1994 album "Best Picks".

References

1990 songs
1990 singles
2008 singles
Kenny Chesney songs
Mac McAnally songs
Male vocal duets
Songs written by Mac McAnally
Nitty Gritty Dirt Band songs
Restless Heart songs
Marty Raybon songs
BNA Records singles
Warner Records singles
Song recordings produced by Jim Ed Norman
Song recordings produced by Buddy Cannon
Music videos directed by John Lloyd Miller


Major General Spencer Edmund Hollond CB, CMG, DSO (19 March 1874 – 5 February 1950) was a British Army staff officer during the First World War.

Life
He was the second son of John Robert Hollond and attended Harrow School (there becoming friends with Winston Churchill) then Trinity College, Cambridge. He joined the Rifle Brigade as a Second Lieutenant in 1895, rising to Lieutenant in 1897.  He served in the Second Boer War, being mentioned in dispatches, receiving the Queen's South Africa Medal with 4 clasps and being promoted to Captain in 1901. He then served as aide-de-camp to the Duke of Connaught from 1901 to 1904 before being promoted to Major in 1913.

During the First World War he rose to Brigadier General, was mentioned seven times in despatches, won the Distinguished Service Order in 1916 and was a GSO2 on Third Army's staff during the battle of the Somme and the battle of Gommecourt, criticising Thomas D'Oyly Snow's planning of the attack and asking Allenby for Snow's dismissal.  He ended the War as BGGS Inspector-General of Training and with the nickname 'Tom' Hollond from his troops.  After the war he was made a colonel (1920), a knight of the Legion of Honour, a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1919 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1920 and attended the opening of Plymouth's War Memorial in 1923 . He was colonel commandant of 8th Infantry Brigade (1921–1925), commandant of the Senior Officers School (1925–27).  He rose to Major-General in 1927 and retired the following year.

Marriage and issue
He first married on 5 October 1905 to Lulu Pfizer (granddaughter of the American pharmaceutical manufacturer Charles Pfizer) at St George's, Hanover Square. Three of the bridesmaids were English, and three American, and the couple received as wedding gifts a loving cup from the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Swedish enamels from Princess Gustav of Sweden.  They had one child, Charles Arthur Spencer Hollond (1906–1929). Lulu Pfizer Hollond had been painted in 1901 by the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury and exhibited that year at Knoedler's in New York.

Lulu died in 1911 and then Spencer remarried on 16 September 1920 to Esther Eliza Sanderson, daughter of Llewellyn Traherne Bassett Sanderson and Lady Rachel Mary Scott.  They had one child, Robert Gustof Percy Hollond, in 1921.

References

External links
Centre for First World War Studies
Letter of thanks for a tank dossier from Hollond to Maj Gen John Frederick Charles Fuller
Biography, drawn from Burke, L.G., 1939; Univ. War List; Army Lists; The V.C. and D.S.O.; Who's Who
thePeerage.com
Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal

1874 births
1950 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
British Army generals of World War I
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Order of the Bath
People educated at Harrow School
Rifle Brigade officers
Knights of the Legion of Honour


Jozef Majoroš (pronounced Mayorosh) (born 19 March 1970 in Geča near Košice) is a former Slovak footballer and head coach of Liptovský Mikuláš.

Club career

Majoroš started with football in your native village Geča. Functionaries of ZŤS Košice noticed his football talent and moved Jozef to their club when he was thirteen. He played in all youth squads ZŤS Košice. In 1988 Jozef progressed to the senior team. After he finished stage in Košice he continued in your career in Dukla Banská Bystrica and then in Czech teams Viktoria Žižkov and Petra Drnovice. Jozef was declared for the Slovak Footballer of the Year in 1998 and also he was nominated to the best 11 players of the Czech Football League. He ended his career in 2004 after stage in second division team Družstevník Báč. He's coaching youth today.

International career

Majoroš played for Czechoslovakia in the 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship. He was capped 23 times for Slovakia and scored 5 goals. The most memorable goal he scored against Czech Republic at the UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying on 11 October 1995 in Bratislava. It was the winning moment in this match and Slovakia won 2–1.

Honours

Player
Slovan Bratislava
Slovak Super Liga (1): 1997-99

Petra Drnovice
Czech Cup Runners-Up (1): 1998

Individual
Slovak Footballer of the Year (1): 1998
Slovak Top eleven (1): 1998
Czech Top eleven (1): 1997

References

External links

Living people
1970 births
Men's association football forwards
Slovak men's footballers
Slovakia men's international footballers
FC VSS Košice players
Czech First League players
FK Viktoria Žižkov players
1. FK Drnovice players
ŠK Slovan Bratislava players
Aris Thessaloniki F.C. players
FC Petržalka players
Debreceni VSC players
Slovak First Football League players
Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
FK Iskra Borčice managers
Slovak football managers
People from Košice-okolie District
Footballers from the Košice Region
FC Nitra players
FK Dukla Banská Bystrica players
Czechoslovakia men's youth international footballers


Kristin Bølgen Bronebakk (11 June 1950 – 8 March 2012) was a Norwegian civil servant.

She graduated with the cand.mag. degree from the University of Oslo in 1983 and with the Master of General Administration from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1993. She worked as a clerk for the National Institute for Consumer Research from 1974 to 1976 and 1982 to 1985, and worked in the Ministry of Justice and the Police since 1985. She served as a deputy under-secretary of state until retiring in 2009. She then became a PhD student in criminology at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. She was also a board member of the International Corrections and Prisons Association since 2006.

She was married to ambassador Jørg Willy Bronebakk. She died in March 2012.

References

1950 births
2012 deaths
Norwegian civil servants
University of Oslo alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni


The protozoon Vorticella campanula is found in freshwater ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams with aquatic vegetation. It has a global distribution. Vorticella campanula is solitary and not colonial but usually social, several of them being found together. Vorticella campanula is a sedentary (fixed) form. It is commonly attached by a long highly contractile stalk to some submerged objects like weeds, animals, or stones. Vorticella campanula  is often found in large groups. All the individuals in the group, however, remain free and independent of each other. Most Vorticella are found in abundance in stagnant water rich in decaying organic matter and feed largely on bacteria, but Vorticella campanula live only in uncontaminated water where bacterial growth is poor.

References
Parker, T. J and Haswell, W. A, (1965) A text book of Zoology, MacMilian & Co.Ltd., London & New York.
Taylor, W. T and Weber, R. J. (1961) General Biology Van Nostran, East West Publications, NY.
Barnes, R. D., (1968) Invertebrate Zoology W.B.Saunders Co., Philadelphia London

Oligohymenophorea
Articles containing video clips
Species described in 1831
Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg


Robert Cohn is a Canadian born entrepreneur and businessman known for founding Octel Communications, the company that commercialized voice mail and was largely responsible for making it ubiquitous on cell phones, in companies and on residential phones.

In 1982, Cohn founded Octel Communications Corporation. He served as Chairman and CEO of Octel from its inception in 1982 until the company was purchased by Lucent Technologies in 1997. He then served as an Executive Vice President of Lucent Technologies, Inc. and retired April 30, 1999. From 2002 to 2004, Cohn was a partner with Sequoia Capital.  He currently mentors and advises select first-time CEOs and rising stars in technology businesses.

Before Octel, Cohn held positions with McKinsey & Company, and Banque Rothschild in France.

He has a BS degree in mathematics and computer science from the University of Florida and an MBA from Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business.

Octel Communications
Cohn and Peter Olson founded Octel Communications in September, 1982. Octel started shipping product in 1984, became profitable and started generating cash in 1985, and went public in 1988. Octel was the first technology company to go public after the stock market crash of 1987.   Within a few years it became the biggest supplier of voicemail in all sectors worldwide.

Octel adopted many of Silicon Valley's successful cultural concepts like employee sabbaticals, 100% participation in stock option plans, comprehensive employee performance reviews and career planning, an internal fitness center, and Octel University to give all employees new skills and ongoing training. Octel was among the first to offer AIDS education, "take-your-daughter/son-to-work" day, and universal medical coverage including pre-existing conditions.

Lucent Technologies acquired Octel in 1997 for over $2 billion in cash and assumption of options. Lucent's Audix products were combined with Octel's to create the Octel Messaging Division based in Milpitas, California. Revenues of the Octel Messaging Division in the year Octel was acquired exceeded $1.2 billion, and its profits immediately enabled the Business Systems Group of Lucent Technologies to operate in the black. At the time of the acquisition, Octel was the worldwide market share leader in sales of voicemail systems to corporations and service providers. He was made an Executive Vice President of Lucent Technologies and President of the Octel Messaging Division.

Boards and Advisory Activities
Cohn actively advises a select group of first-time CEOs, primarily in Silicon Valley, including Mux (internet video infrastructure), Ironclad (digital contract management), Monte Carlo Data (data reliability), Spindle Technologies (no-code software), Clockwise (automated calendar management), Vorlon (cyber security), Joyned (collaborative shopping), and Acurex Biosciences Corporation (seeking a cure for Parkinson's Disease).  Cohn is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and Business Executives for National Security.  He was previously a Senior Advisor to Coatue Management, a New York-based, tech-only hedge fund, a trustee of Robert Ballard’s Ocean Exploration Trust (which operates the EVNautilus), a member of the Defense Reform CEO Panel for United States Secretary of Defense, William Cohen, and a Board Member Emeritus of Business Executives for National Security, a volunteer organization of business leaders that works with the Department of Defense.

Cohn has served on the boards of many companies, private and public. Some of these were Octel, Trimble Navigation (GPS navigation), King Digital Entertainment (makers of the popular game Candy Crush), Charter Communications (cable company), Electronic Arts (video games), Ashford.com (high-end online retail), and Digital Domain (special effects for commercials and feature films). He served as Chairman of the Board of Right Hemisphere (3-D software, now part of SAP), Taboola (advertising), and RelateIQ (CRM, now part of Salesforce.com). He was a member of the Board of Governors of NASDAQ from 1990 through 1993 where he also served on the Executive Committee; a member of the Advisory Council of the Stanford Graduate School of Business from 1993 to 1999; a board member of the National Conference for Community and Justice (a national organization devoted to addressing the issues of bigotry, bias and racism in America). He was a trustee of the Ballet San Jose, Castilleja School, and the International School of the Peninsula. He was previously a member of the American Business Conference, the Council on Competitiveness, and the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, where he was also an industry governor in the Data and Communications sector for five years.

References

1949 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Winnipeg
Canadian Jews
Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni
University of Florida alumni


CEDO is the Intercultural Center for the Study of Deserts and Oceans. The acronym CEDO comes from the Spanish name: Centro Intercultural de Estudios de Desiertos y Océanos.

Located in Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, Mexico, CEDO is a center for the study of the ecosystems of the Sonoran Desert and the Gulf of California.

History
In 1975, CEDO's current Executive Director Peggy Turk Boyer visited Puerto Peñasco with professors John Hendrickson and Don Thomson of the University of Arizona's Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) Department, as part of the UA's thriving marine biology program. They and their students conducted field activities out of a small beach house beside an experimental shrimp mariculture enterprise which was operated jointly by the UA's Environmental Research Lab (ERL) and the Centro de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología of the Universidad de Sonora (CICTUS).

Carl Hodges, ERL's first director and founder of the affiliated nonprofit Desert Development Foundation (DDF), and CICTUS director, Xico Murrieta envisioned a new organization called the Institute for Deserts and Oceans (IDO). It would operate out of a new facility located in the Las Conchas housing development east of the shrimp labs and would be supported with profits from the shrimp mariculture commercial enterprise. Nicholas Yensen was hired as the first director in 1978. After a successful fundraising campaign, Yensen was able to convert the unfinished Las Conchas recreation center and office building into a simple functional biological field station.

Conservation and research
CEDO is a collaboration between Mexican and US non profit organisations and its mission is to advance and share knowledge about the Northern Gulf of California and the surrounding Sonoran Desert. CEDO also promotes the conservation and sustainable use of natural and cultural resources. This includes sustainable fisheries, coastal conservation, wetland research, community education and monthly climatological reports on Puerto Peñasco.

Awards
In 2007, CEDO won Mexico's National Conservation of Nature Award for their 27-year effort to protect the Gulf of California.

CEDO received the 2010 Human Diversity Award from the Organization of Biological Field Stations in Michigan for its achievements in creating collaborative, inclusive systems with local communities and businesses which allowed sustainable fishing and other commercial developments in the Northern Gulf of California.

References

External links

Research institutes in Mexico
1980 establishments in Mexico


Rooster's Breakfast () is a Slovenian drama released in 2007. It is an adaptation of less known novel of the same name by Feri Lainšček. The film is the most acclaimed and most successful Slovenian films of all times, and also the third most successful movie in Slovenia, following Titanic and Troy.

Plot
The film takes place in the Mura Valley, in the vicinity of Gornja Radgona. David Slavinec, nicknamed Đuro (Primož Bezjak) has recently been laid off from his job. However, his former boss points him to a new job at the automechanic shop owned by his acquaintance Pišti Gajaš (Vlado Novak), which he gladly accepts. Gajaš is an experienced, but somewhat naive local car mechanic who frequently talks about the past times when, in his opinion, life was much better for the ordinary people. His friends frequently visit him to play cards and discuss the events happening around them.

Cveto Vuksanović - Lepec, (Dario Varga) the town's biggest thug and the owner of the local night club, frequently visits Gajaš to repair his Mercedes. Gajaš always repairs the car for him although Lepec always finds an excuse not to pay the bill immediately, preferring payments in various small favors to Gajaš and his friends. One day, Đuro meets Bronja, (Pia Zemljič), the wife of Lepec who brings in her car for repair. One day she asks Đuro to drive her to Austria to get some pills for her friend. They soon start meeting each other. On one occasion she tells Đuro that she and her husband have become estranged after the birth of their daughter and the pills were meant to cure her severe nervous breakdown. Đuro and Bronja start a passionate affair, which Gajaš discovers, but keeps hidden from Lepec, who nevertheless becomes suspicious when he finds the lighter forgotten by Đuro in their bedroom.

In the meantime, Gajaš dreams about Severina, a well-known Croatian pop star, who is on tour in the town. When Lepec drives his car in for a repair again, Gajaš demands he pays the debts from the past. This time Lepec pays him some money and gives a promise he will bring Severina to his place to have a dinner with him. Late that evening, Severina comes and joins Gajaš at the dinner.
The next morning Gajaš joyfully tells Đuro that he had "rooster's breakfast" (i.e. morning sex) with Severina, but Đuro tells him that the girl he slept with wasn't the real Severina, but a lookalike prostitute. Soon Lepec appears and spots a necklace given to Đuro by Bronja, thus discovering their affair. After a quarrel with Lepec, Gajaš pulls out the gun and shoots Lepec before he can strike Đuro. Some time later, Đuro visits Gajaš in prison who orders him to take over his workshop and to maintain it in such order as did he. He then settles there with Bronja and her daughter.

Cast
Vlado Novak - Pišti Gajaš
Primož Bezjak - David Slavinec (Đuro)
Pia Zemljič - Bronja Vuksanović
Dario Varga - Cveto Vuksanović (Lepec)
Janez Škof - Jure Cekuta
Davor Janjić - Rajko Malačič (Roki)
Miloš Battelino - Igor Pavlica
Matija Rozman - Viktor Brodnik (Zobar)
Bojan Emeršič - Radmilovič

Awards

The film won 5 awards at the 10th Festival of Slovenian Film. It was also the Slovenian candidate for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film nomination in 2009 (81st Academy Awards).

 2007 – Award for best film by choice of audiences at the 10th Slovenian Film Festival in Portorož for the feature film ROOSTER’S BREAKFAST (Slovenia, Europe)
 2007 – Award for best directing at the 10th Slovenian Film Festival in Portorož for the feature film ROOSTER’S BREAKFAST (Slovenia, Europe)
 2007 – Award for best screenplay at the 10th Slovenian Film Festival in Portorož for the feature film ROOSTER’S BREAKFAST (Slovenia, Europe)
 2007 - Stop Magazine Award at the 10th Slovenian Film Festival in Portorož for best actor/actress (Pia Zemljič) (Slovenia, Europe)
 2007 – Viktor Award for special achievements – for successful distribution of the feature film ROOSTER’S BREAKFAST (Slovenia, Europe)
 2009 – Golden Bird Award for film achievements for the feature film ROOSTER’S BREAKFAST (Slovenia, Europe)
 2009 – Critics Award at the 4th Annual South East European Film Festival, Cinema Without Borders, Los Angeles for best feature film ROOSTER’S BREAKFAST (Los Angeles, USA)

References

Further information
 http://www.petelinjizajtrk.com/

External links

Slovenian drama films
Films set in Slovenia
2007 films


Enschede is the main railway station in Enschede, Netherlands. The station opened on 1 July 1866 and is on the Zutphen–Glanerbeek railway. Between the late 1970s and 2001, the passenger service to Germany stopped. The connection to Münster was reopened in 2001.  There is no connection allowing the German trains to run any further into Overijssel; however there was before the line closed.

From summer 2013 to summer 2014 the station is being largely modernised. The station was closed between 6 July and 18 August 2013, in which all the rails and overhead wires were replaced at the station. Platforms 1 and 2 were extended; platform 5 was closed. Platform 4 has been split in two, one part for the trains to Germany and the other part for the Sprinters. The two lines are still not connected. The sidings for stabling trains were also replaced and points replaced to reduce the noise made as trains pass over them.

History
On July 1, 1866, Enschede got a station on the Zutphen–Glanerbeek railway line. The station building was the Staatsspoor new type 3rd class design. Also Hengelo had such a station from 1866 to 1899. The current stations of Meppel (1865) and Station Zuidbroek (1865) also follow the same design.

The present building was designed after the Second World War and opened in 1950. The architect H.G.J. Schelling (1888-1978) designed the station to be a combination of both a through station and a terminus. It lost its status as a through station for the Netherlands rail network when the Deutsche Bahn terminated its services between Gronau and Enschede in 1981.

2000 saw some significant structural alterations. The sidesteps were removed, and a new entrance was built in the centre of the entrance hall.

The latest service addition to the station came on 18 November 2001, when DB Regio reopened the train service to Gronau and Münster/Dortmund. These trains departed from a newly constructed platform 5, located along the northern side of the newly constructed rail line connecting with the remainder of the station complex via the adjacent level crossing. After the renovation of 2013, the services to and from Germany were integrated into the station complex and moved to the eastern end of platform 4 which is now split into platforms 4a and 4b. As the Dutch and German rail lines use different rail safety systems, the tracks do not at any point physically connect. As such, for train services Enschede effectively became a "double terminus".

Train services
, the following train services call at this station:

Bus services

Many bus services depart from the bus station in front of the station, many carrying a red Twents livery, for the Twente region (Eastern Overijssel).

1 - Wesselerbrink - Boswinkel - Station NS - Twekkelerveld - Twente University
2 - Helmerhoek - Station NS - Roombeek - Deppenbroek - Bolhaar
3 - Station NS - Wooldrik - Esmarke - Glanerbrug
4 - Stroinkslanden - Station NS - 't Zwering
5 - 't Zwering - Station NS - Hogeland
6 - Stokhorst - Laares - Station NS - Transportcentrum - Boekelo
8 - Hengelo Station - Hengelo, IKEA - Hengelo, Vossenbelt - Hengelo, Hasseler Es - Hengelo, Groot Driene - Twente University - Enschede Station NS - Van Heekplein - Wesselerbrink - Transportcentrum - Hengelo Station
9 - Hengelo - Twente University - Enschede
60 - Enschede - Oldenzaal
61 - Enschede - Losser - Overdinkel
62 - Borculo - Neede - Haaksbergen - Enschede - Oldenzaal - Denekamp
73 - Enschede - Haaksbergen - Groenlo - Winterswijk
74 - Enschede - Haaksbergen - Groenlo - Doetinchem

Gallery

References

External links
NS website
Dutch Public Transport journey planner

Railway stations in Overijssel
Railway stations opened in 1866
Railway stations on the Staatslijn D
1866 establishments in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures in Enschede
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1860s


The Moorfoot Building is a large office building in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, in the form of a step pyramid. It is located at the foot of The Moor (a pedestrianised shopping street), close to the Sheffield Inner Ring Road. Before its construction, The Moor continued across St Mary's Gate onto London Road. The building opened in July 1981.

Design and construction
The building is based around three wings; the East Wing, the West Wing and the North Wing, and floors were originally numbered in the US style with the ground floor as Floor 1 or First Floor. Amongst the facilities originally constructed in the building was a staff restaurant and bar on Floor 2 and a full sized squash court in the basement.

As the construction of the building across The Moor effectively severed the traditional access to The Moor from London Road, to satisfy planning conditions, Moorfoot was designed to allow pedestrian access 'through' the building. The pedestrian walkway began with an elevated ramp near the corner of Young Street and South Lane, before proceeding via a tunnel through the building (including a section with a glazed roof) as the route crossed the base of an open area in the East Wing. The walkway exited the building above the car park and used sloping ramps to bring the route back to ground level on The Moor near the entrance to the building. The route was dependent on the completion of a further planned development (where the Premier Inn hotel is currently located) and as this development did not take place, the route was never completed or opened to the public.

History
The building was previously known as the Manpower Services Commission Building and was the headquarters of that agency. It later contained offices belonging to several departments of the British Government, namely:

Training Commission
Training Agency
Department of Employment
Department for Children, Schools and Families
Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills
Department for Work and Pensions
Home Office

The building was purchased by Sheffield City Council in the late 2000s, with the government departments as sitting tenants pending their relocation. In 2010 the British Government vacated the property, and were replaced by the council's Children, Young Peoples and Families Directorate and Central Finance Service.

It was planned that the building would eventually be demolished and the site form part of a new business district.

In the summer of 2011, many departments from Sheffield Town Hall moved into the Moorfoot Building. In January 2013, Henry Boot Construction announced the award of a contract to refurbish a large part of the building for Sheffield City Council. The multimillion-pound project was to deliver vital services upgrades and a refurbishment to the majority of the building in order to provide office space for council employees.

Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the council's adoption of hybrid working for its office based staff, they announced plans to downsize their office estate, and by the end of 2023 relocating staff based at the Moorfoot building to other parts of the estate including city centre locations including Sheffield Town Hall and Howden House and in the city's suburbs at Manor Lane Depot and some Area Housing Offices.

References

Buildings and structures in Sheffield
Ziggurat style modern architecture
Office buildings in Sheffield


Metro Now is a joint venture of The Times of India and the Hindustan Times, and is published by the Metropolitan Media Co Ltd. It was set up by Bennett & Coleman and HT Media. Launched on  5 February 2006, it is edited by Mr. Kamlesh Singh. Brought out in tabloid format, Metro Now will target the metro commuters in Delhi, a growing population.

Metro Now is the first morning tabloid.
After a decade-long battle between The Times of India and the Hindustan Times, it was a surprise when they set up a joint venture, and came up with this colourful tabloid, which is targeted at readers who don't have sufficient time to read lengthy stories. It is said that the move is to counter the launch of the Delhi edition of Mumbai's DNA [Daily News & Analysis].

Sameer Kapoor, the CEO of Metropolitan Media Co Ltd, said "This product will set new benchmarks in the compact newspaper segment in India. It is aimed at the youth, age no bar. It's the newspaper for the young at heart. It has a fresh new look and a new content mix that will revive the newspaper-reading habit among the youth."
'It's fun, friendly and essentially Delhi,' added Metro Now editor Kamlesh Singh. 'Though the newspaper is city-centric, it will also have extensive coverage of India and the world. But always with a twist. It will be Delhi's perfectly balanced newspaper to go with the perfectly balanced coffee.'

Metro Now has been described as the compact, international style newspaper.

Metro Now published its last edition on 22 January 2009. The media house plans to print Metro Now as a weekly from January 24. It will be distributed free along with The Times of India and Hindustan Times every Saturday in Gurgaon.

References
https://web.archive.org/web/20081014144118/http://www.metronow.co.in/
https://web.archive.org/web/20081011223839/http://www.dancewithshadows.com/media/metro-now-delhi.asp
http://www.nerve.in/news:25350032697

Daily newspapers published in India
2006 establishments in India
Newspapers established in 2006


The Krauss Building is a landmark building in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, at the downtown lake corner of Canal Street and Basin Street. It housed one of the city's leading department stores for over 90 years. In 2009 it was redeveloped into condominia by Elie Khoury.

In 1903, Krauss Department Store was opened at 1201 Canal Street, New Orleans by Leon Fellman and his nephews, the Krauss brothers—Max, Alfred, Leopold, and Fritz. The building cost $25,000. Because of its location—right on the edge of Storyville—the store sold satin and lace to the ladies of the "District," as it was known. Of course, women from all over the city shopped there, as well. Krauss was the first department store to install air conditioning in 1925 and also the first to have escalators—then known as mechanical stairs. The store survived into the 1990s by stocking obscure items not available at large chains and by refusing to reduce service to its loyal New Orleans customers. It was a monument to the old-fashioned way of doing business, and proud of it. During its 94 years of existence it expanded from  to , all on a real estate parcel of  fronting on Canal Street. Krauss closed in 1997.

From the long Formica lunch counter with the round red stools, to the madams and ladies of nearby Storyville who once shopped within the store, the Krauss building enjoys a unique and storied place in New Orleans history.

Current use

This historic building remained vacant for nearly 11 years prior to its resurgence as the first luxury condominium development post-Katrina. Now named 1201 Canal, it houses an upscale community of 233 luxury residences and over  of street-front retail.

Recent Articles

$60m Krauss Building Project in New Orleans
https://web.archive.org/web/20111103001320/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4200/is_20070430/ai_n19066310/

Historic Krauss Building - Good News in New Orleans
http://www.preservationnation.org/magazine/2008/todays-news/good-news-in-new-orleans.html

Krauss Building New Orleans set for Fall Occupancy (2008)
http://www.allbusiness.com/safety-accidents-disasters/disasters-tropical/11485911-1.html

References

Landmarks in Louisiana


Oleg Zherebtsov (born 21 May 1968) is a Russian businessman, founder of hypermarkets "Lenta" and "Norma", the world sailing champion in 2011 at 12 meters class, the founder of the Association SB20 in Russia, and General Director of the Pharmaceutical Company Solopharm.

Oleg was born in Bryansk, Russia.

Zherebtsov Oleg founded "Lenta" on 25 October 1993 in St. Petersburg. In 2007 were opened 10 hypermarkets (three of them in St. Petersburg), in 2008 — 8. By this time in Russia there were already 32 existing hypermarket. In May 2007 the European Bank for reconstruction and development with $125 million bought a share in "Lenta", estimated at 11–14% of the share capital. At the end of December 2008, the company "Lenta" was included in the list of companies that would receive state support during the economic crisis. In October 2009 Oleg Zherebtsov sold his part in "Lenta" to the consilium investment funds TPQ and VTB Capital.

Oleg Zherebtsov founded the company "Norma" in 2005. In 2007, it opened its first store in St. Petersburg. In 2011 Oleg Zherebtsov sold his assets in the company "Norm".

In 2010 Oleg Zherebtsov created the company "Solopharm" for the production of high-tech innovative pharmaceutical products that comply with international GMP standards of quality. I

Oleg Zherebtsov started sailing in 2007. In 2008 Zherebtsov participated in a race around the world - Volvo Ocean Race, as the sole sponsor and Bowman sailor, in 2009 and 2010, received first place in the championship of Russia in the national class Em-ka, in 2011, Zherebtsov became world champion in sailing in the class 12,

References

Russian businesspeople in retailing
1968 births
Living people
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
Russian male sailors (sport)


Devils was Xmal Deutschland's fourth and final album, released in 1989. "Devils" was recorded at Hammertone studio, Düsseldorf and Pilot studios, Munich by Henry Staroste. Mixed at Chateau du Pape, Hamburg by Paul Corkett.

Track listing
 "I'll Be Near You" – 3:38
 "Searchlights" – 4:20
 "You Broke My Heart" – 4:28
 "Sleepwalker" – 3:50
 "When Devils Come" – 3:58
 "Heavens and Seas" – 3:51
 "Dreamhouse" – 3:38
 "I Push It Harder" – 3:50
 "I Should Have Known" – 4:06
 "All in My Hand" – 4:12
 "Drowned You" – 2:58
 "Dreamhouse Theme" – 3:25

Personnel
 Anja Huwe - vocal
 Frank Ziegert - guitar
 Wesley Plass - guitar
 Henry Staroste - keyboards
 Wolfgang Ellerbrock - bass
 Curt Cress - drums

Xmal Deutschland albums
1989 albums


The Isle of Wight Bus & Coach Museum, also referred to as The Isle of Wight Bus Museum, was founded in 1997 in Newport on the Isle of Wight in the United Kingdom.

The museum is a registered charity and run completely by volunteers. The vehicle collection is currently housed in the former bus depot at Ryde, Isle of Wight.

The museum hosts two bus rallies of its own. There is one event in May, running day. and another in October which features many buses from around the country.

Vehicles on display

The Isle of Wight Bus Museum currently has 21 vehicles on display at its new premises at Ryde.

Relocation

By the end of 2010, the museum was planning to relocate and construct a new purpose-built unit to house an Island Road Transport Museum. The move is necessary due to the building it currently uses being demolished as part of redevelopment of Newport Quay. The plan was to purchase a two and a half acre area of farmland adjoining Havenstreet Railway, with the new site covering twice the floor area that the current base offers. The plans would require £120,000 to be raised to fund the move. Supporters were invited to purchase £250 shares in the project with monies being returned if the plan failed. However, in addition to funding issues, the field formed part of the Isle of Wight AONB, which could have led to a battle for planning consent over redevelopment.

Since 2015 the museum has been based at a former Southern Vectis depot, located in Park Road, Ryde, Isle of Wight. which houses and displays the museum's collection of buses and coaches.

Photo gallery

References

External links

 VIP Ghost Investigations: Isle of Wight Bus Museum

Bus museums in England
Museums on the Isle of Wight
Museums established in 1997
Transport on the Isle of Wight


The term Eden Centre may refer to:

Eden, High Wycombe, a shopping centre in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire
The Eden Project, a biological visitor centre in Cornwall


The Hong Kong Society of Medical Informatics was founded in April 1987 by a group of medical practitioners and informatics professionals with special interests in medical informatics and computing and communications.

The society is a non-profit organization registered as a Company Limited by Guarantee.

See also
 Health informatics
 Hospital Authority

References

Further reading
 The Development of eHealth in Hong Kong in the past 20 years
 Medical Informatics: The state of the art in the Hospital Authority. Asia Pacific Association for Medical Informatics. Conference No3, Hong Kong, HONG-KONG (27/09/2000 2001, vol. 62, no 2-3 (95 p.)  (27 ref.), pp. 113–119

External links

 Hong Kong Academy of Medicine
 Asia Pacific Association for Medical Informatics
 Hong Kong Society for Medical Informatics @ International Medical Informatics Association
 eHealth Consortium

Medical and health organisations based in Hong Kong
Health informatics and eHealth associations