Shollen Quarshie (born 16 August 1985), known by his stage name DJ Q, is a DJ and record producer from Huddersfield, England. He forms part of the supergroup TQD alongside Flava D and Royal-T.

Early life
DJ Q’s musical journey started from a young age at The Nook in Holmfirth, listening to music played by his parents. It was at the age of 12 when 'Q' first got involved with the UK garage scene, buying vinyl and tape packs. When his vinyl collection grew larger Q finally got a pair of record decks in his bedroom. After teaching himself to mix, Q started to get bookings at local parties at the age of 15, before learning to produce music the next year at college.

Career
Q's break on radio came in 2004, when a friend working at BBC Radio 1Xtra informed him that the station were looking for a new DJ on the pulse of the rising bassline scene in the North of England. He submitted a mix CD, and Q eventually became the youngest DJ at 1Xtra, hosting the fortnightly UKG Mix Show.

It was around the same time Q released his first vinyl, "Love Like This (The Reasons)" which was a big hit in the bassline scene. This brought him more bookings at bassline events and as time passed, Q produced more hits such as "Tea Bag", "Dirty" and later "You Wot!", which was signed and released via Ministry of Sound. "You Wot!" made the UK top 50 upon its release in summer 2008, which led to remix work for the likes of Amy Winehouse, Dizzee Rascal, Keri Hilson and Katy B to name a few.

Q continued to host his BBC 1Xtra show – by now a weekly broadcast - throughout his mainstream success, and frequently appeared on sister station BBC Radio 1 for guest mixes, before his departure in 2012 after 8 years at the station. He soon began a new monthly show on Ministry of Sound Radio, presenting the Essential Garage show.

Recent years have seen an increase in new productions from Q, with over 10 digital single and EP releases since 2012 that cross a broad spectrum of dance music. These include "Say to You" (released under the alias Classified), the Sound Boy Connection EP via US label Party Like Us, and three singles from his debut album via Local Action Records.

During his years in the music industry, Q has also played music in countries across the globe and Europe particularly, with sets in places such as Ibiza, Amsterdam, Italy, Russia, Australia and the United States.

Work with TQD
TQD (often stylised as t q d or tqd) is a collaborative act that was formed in 2015, comprising Royal-T, DJ Q and Flava D, with the name TQD being an amalgamation of the last letter of each of their names. All three artists were already signed to the Butterz record label and thus all TQD releases have also been released on Butterz. The act play and produce the genres of music that the individuals do (such as UK garage, bassline and grime), however they have released experimental tracks that cross into many other genres.

In 2015, Royal-T and DJ Q were collaborating on their first project together and they asked Flava D if she wanted to join in on the project too. This would then go on to be their debut single "Day and Night", released on Butterz on the 18 April 2015, both digitally and as a limited 500 copy vinyl pressing. This track was released as "Day and Night (Day Mix)", however an alternate mix of the single was also released on the B-side as "Day and Night (Night Mix)". Due to their solo efforts and differences in location however, TQD releases were sparse with their second track titled "Ghosts" being previewed digitally over a year later in 2016 and then being released on their second vinyl release Only One/Ghosts.

The trio gained ample attention due to their releases and increasingly popular live sets and thus began working on an album together. This was formally announced at the beginning of 2017 to be the debut album, ukg and would be released on March 17, 2017. The album contains features from P Money, Swindle and Skilliam and was met with generally positive reviews. Pitchfork called the track "Vibsing Ting" "strange and outstanding" and Mixmag said it consisted of "10 hard-hitting face melters." However, Clash magazine wrote that the album was "disappointingly short" and that "there’s a feeling that t q d aren’t really a case for three heads being better than one." The Bandcamp release of ukg contained three extra tracks that were not present on the vinyl or physical CD releases.

Though they have not made any official releases since their debut album as a trio, each member continues to produce and release music individually and the act still performs shows in many countries around the world, including the United Kingdom, Spain and Japan.

Discography

Albums
The Archive (2012)
Ineffable (2014)

Singles

EPs
 Q Bass Trax 1 (2013)
 Sound Boy Connection EP (2013)
 Love Keeps Changing (2013) - [Trumpet & Badman, with DJ Haus]
 A440 (2023) (Collaboration with Tofubeats)

References

External links
 DJ Q's official Tumblr blog
 The Hub Entertainment - Management
 DJ Q's official Twitter
 DJ Q's official Facebook Page

1985 births
Living people
Black British DJs
Black British radio presenters
English record producers
Bassline musicians
UK garage musicians
Remixers
BBC Radio 1Xtra presenters
Musicians from Huddersfield
Electronic dance music DJs


Philipp Agricola (fl. 1571–1594) was a German poet and dramatist.

Agricola was born in Eisleben, and is assumed to have been the son of Johannes Agricola. He was in Berlin by 1571, where he wrote poetry and dramas about Brandenburg's ruling family; his drama Jüngste Gericht (1573) satirized the Junkers and court clergy. He was active in Berlin until at least 1594.

References

16th-century births
1594 deaths
People from Eisleben
16th-century German poets
16th-century German male writers
Writers from Saxony-Anhalt
German male poets
German male dramatists and playwrights


Injury of the thoracic aorta refers to any injury which affects the portion of the aorta which lies within the chest cavity. Injuries of the thoracic aorta are usually the result of physical trauma; however, they can also be the result of a pathological process. The main causes of this injury are deceleration (such as a car accident) and crush injuries. There are different grades to injuries to the aorta depending on the extent of injury, and the treatment whether surgical or medical depends on that grade. It is difficult to determine if a patient has a thoracic injury just by their symptoms, but through imaging and a physical exam the extent of injury can be determined. All patients with a thoracic aortic injury need to be treated either surgically with endovascular repair or open surgical repair or with medicine to keep their blood pressure and heart rate in the appropriate range. However, most patients that have a thoracic aortic injury do not live for 24 hours.

Mechanism
Injuries to the aorta are usually the result of trauma, such as deceleration and crush injuries. Deceleration injuries almost always occur during high speed impacts, such as those in motor vehicle crashes and falls from a substantial height. Several mechanical processes can occur and are reflected in the injury itself. A more recently proposed mechanism is that the aorta can be compressed between bony structures (such as the manubrium, clavicle, and first rib) and the spine. In the ascending aorta (the portion of the aorta which is almost vertical), one mechanism of injury is torsion (a two-way twisting). There are clinical predictors of an aortic injury. The predictors include if a patient is older than 50, was an unrestrained patient, has hypotension, has a thoracic injury requiring thoracotomy, has a spinal injury, or has a head injury. If four of these criteria are met their likelihood for an aortic injury is 30%

The aortic wall is made up of three different components the inner layer (intima), the muscle layer (media), and the outer layer (adventitia). A traumatic injury to the thoracic aorta can cause disruption of any of these parts. Therefore, aortic injury is on a scale from injury to a part of the inner layer to a complete tear of all three layers.

There are 4 grades of aortic injury.
 Type I: Intimal tear
 Type II: Intramural hematoma
 Type III: Pseudoaneurysm
 Type IV: Rupture

In addition to the 4 grades of aortic injury, the risk of rupture can also be categorized. If both the inner layer and the muscle layer of the aortic wall are both involved in the injury then the injury is categorized as significant aortic injury. If just the inner layer and a portion of the muscle layer are involved in the injury then the injury is characterized as minimal aortic injury. Radiographically this would be seen as an intimal flap less than 1 cm in size.

Between the mobile ascending aorta and the relatively fixed descending thoracic aorta is the aortic isthmus. When there is a sudden deceleration the mobile ascending aorta pushes forward creating a whiplash effect on the aortic isthmus. However, a different mechanism is involved when the ascending aorta proximal to the isthmus is torn. When there is a rapid deceleration the heart is pushed to the left posterior chest. This causes a sudden increase in intra-aortic pressure and can cause aortic rupture. This is known as the water hammer effect.

Based on the location of the injury in the thorax subsequent injuries can take place. If the injury is in the descending thoracic aorta this could lead to a hemothorax. Where as an injury to the ascending aorta could lead to hemoperricardium and subsequent tamponade or could compress the SVC.

Symptoms
It is difficult to rely on symptoms to diagnose a thoracic aortic injury. However some symptoms do include severe chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing due to compression of the esophagus, back pain, and hoarseness due to involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. There might be external signs such as bruising on the anterior chest wall due to a traumatic injury. Clinical signs are uncommon and nonspecific but can include generalized hypertension due to the injury involving the sympathetic afferent nerves in the aortic isthmus. A murmur can also be audible as turbulent blood flow goes over the tear.

Diagnosis

Classification
There are inconsistencies in the terminology of aortic injury. There are several terms which are interchangeably used to describe injury to the aorta such as tear, laceration, transection, and rupture. Laceration is used as a term for the consequence of a tear, whereas a transection is a section across an axis or cross section. For all intents and purposes, the latter is used when a tear occurs across all or nearly all of the circumference of the aorta. Rupture is defined as a forcible disruption of tissue. Some disagree with the usage of rupture as they believe it implies that a tear is incompatible with life; however, the term accurately gauges the severity of tears in the aorta. A rupture can be either complete or partial, and can be classified further by the position of the tear.

Imaging
The gold standard for diagnosis of thoracic aortic injury is aortography. This method involves inserting a catheter into the aorta and directly injecting contrast material. The primary benefit of aortography is the ability to precisely determine the location of injury for surgical planning. Another imaging modality is CT angiogram which has a sensitivity of 100%. A CT angiogram relies on timing the CT scan after a bolus of IV contrast is administered from a peripheral IV site. Since a CT angiogram has a sensitivity of 100% and less invasive due to the peripheral placement of the IV line than aortagraphy it is the primary imaging choice. This allows visualization of the aorta and provides precise locations of traumatic injury. A CT angiogram does show both direct and indirect signs of aortic injury. The indirect sign that you can see is effacement of fat due to a hematoma. This sign should clue in a radiologist that there is an underlying injury. Some direct signs from a CT include having an intimal flap, irregularity of the shape of the aorta, filling defects secondary to a thrombus, or out pouching of the aorta.

However, non contrasted CT scans, chest X-rays, and transesophageal echos can also be used. Chest X-rays most sensitive finding is a widened mediastinum of greater than 8 cm. An apical cap and displacement of the trachea to either side of the chest from midline can also be seen. A normal chest X-ray, however, does not exclude a diagnosis of thoracic aortic injury. A chest X-ray can also be useful to diagnose subsequent problems caused by aortic rupture such as pneumothorax or hemothorax. Non contrasted CT scans might show an intimal flap, periaortic hematoma, luminal filling defect, aortic contour abnormality, pseudoaneurysm, contained rupture, vessel wall disruption, active extravasation of intravenous contrast from the aorta and is therefore useful to assess for minimal aortic injury. Trans esophageal echos are useful in patients that are hemodynamically unstable, but the sensitivity and specificity of this study varies based on clinical user. The trans esophageal echo relies on placement an ultrasound probe into the patient's esophagus in order to get an ultrasound of the heart. If esophageal injury is expected, the patient has a facial injury, or if the patient has difficulty maintaining their away then the trans esophageal echo is contraindicated.

Treatment
The first line treatment for patients with thoracic aortic injury is maintaining the patient's airway with intubation and treating secondary injuries such as a hemothorax. After ensuring the patient has a patent airway and other life-threatening injuries are treated then treatment for the aortic injury can be started.

Due to the constant risk of sudden rupture or exsanguination urgent treatment is necessary. A patient can either undergo endovascular repair or surgical repair. Endovascular repair is the current gold standard due to increased success rates and lower complications. Patients that are able to undergo endovascular repair without contraindications should proceed with it. Repair should be delayed if there is life-threatening intra-abdominal or intracranial bleeding or if the patient is at risk for infection.

Endovascular Repair

Endovascular repair is done by first gaining vascular access usually through the femoral artery. A catheter is inserted to the point of injury and a luminal stent is deployed. Blood is then able to be pumped through the stent and prevent the aortic wall from rupturing.

Open Surgical Repair

Surgical repair is done by way of a thoracotomy or opening of the chest wall. From this point multiple methods can be used, but the most successful methods enable distal perfusion to prevent ischemia. When the surgery is performed a constant check of blood flow to the parts of the body away from the injury should be monitored to know if oxygenation is occurring.

Medical Management
While waiting for surgery careful regulation of blood pressure and heart rate is necessary. Systolic blood pressure should be maintained between 100 and 120 mmHg allowing for perfusion distal to the injury but decreasing the risk of rupture while the heart rate should be kept under 100 beats per minute. Esmolol is first choice to maintain blood pressure and heart rate due to its short time of action, but if the blood pressure is not within range adding nitroprusside sodium can be added as a second agent. The treatment is similar to what is done for aortic dissections.

If the patient has minimal aortic injury then the patient can be managed non surgically. Rather the patient can be followed with serial images. If the patient does develop a more severe injury including a full thickness injury through the media layer then the patient should be treated with surgery.

Outcomes
Thoracic aortic injury is the 2nd leading cause of death involving both blunt trauma. 80% of patients that have a thoracic aortic injury will die immediately. Of the patients that do make it to be evaluated only 50% will survive 24 hours. Of the patients that do survive the first 24 hours 14% develop paraplegia.

Epidemiology
Thoracic aortic injury is most commonly caused by a penetrating trauma in up to 90% of cases. Of these cases around 28% are confined to the thoracic portion of the aorta including the ascending aorta, aorta arch, and the descending aorta. Of the thoracic aortic injuries the ligament arteriosum is the most common location followed by the portion of the aorta after the origin of the left subclavian artery. The most common mechanism leading to thoracic aortic injury is a motor vehicle collision. Other mechanisms include airplane crashes, falling from a large height and landing on a hard surface, or any injury that causes substantial pressure to the sternum. The incidence of thoracic aortic injuries is approximately 1 in 100,000.

References

External links

Chest trauma
Injuries


The Onion Lake Cree Nation () is a Plains Cree First Nations band government in Canada, straddling the Alberta/Saskatchewan provincial border approximately  north of the City of Lloydminster.

It is within Alberta's County of Vermilion River and Saskatchewan's Rural Municipality of Frenchman Butte No. 501 at the intersection of Highway 17 and Alberta Highway 641/Saskatchewan Highway 797.

The Makaoo 120 reserve is located within both provinces while the Seekaskootch 119 reserve is wholly within Saskatchewan. Both reserves once maintained separate band governments, combining to form Onion Lake in 1914. With all reserves combined, the Onion Lake Cree Nation has a total land area of , and has 6,475 registered members (as of August 2019).

The Onion Lake Cree Nation has five schools within the community: Sakāskohc High School, Eagleview Middle School, Chief Taylor Elementary School, Pewasenakwan Primary School, and Kihēw Waciston Cree Immersion School. A widely seen First World War propaganda poster shows Moo-Che-We-In-Es of the Onion Lake Cree Nation making a $1.50 donation to the Canadian Patriotic Fund with a cover letter in Western Cree syllabics.

Etymology

Onion Lake is a translation of Wicekikaskosîwi-sâkahikan, "Wild Onion" smelly plant, a nearby body of water where the plant was abundant. When referring to the community today, though, Cree speakers typically use wîhcekaskosîwi-sâkahikanihk, "[domestic] onion lake".

Onion Lake, Saskatchewan
The unincorporated area of Onion Lake is located within the Saskatchewan portion of the Onion Lake Cree Nation at the intersection of Highway 17 and Alberta Highway 641/Saskatchewan Highway 797.

References

External links

County of Vermilion River
Frenchman Butte No. 501, Saskatchewan
First Nations governments in Saskatchewan
Cree governments


David Battie FRSA (born 22 October 1942) is a British retired expert on ceramics, with a particular specialism in Japanese and Chinese artefacts.

Career
After attending art school, where he studied graphic design, Battie worked for Reader's Digest magazine for three years. In 1965 he joined the auction house Sotheby's. There he worked in the Departments of Ceramics and Oriental Works of Art and was appointed a Director in 1976. He retired from Sotheby's in 1999.

After leaving Sotheby's he became editor of Masterpiece magazine and has written many books on pottery and porcelain. He also undertakes public speaking.

He is probably best known for his many appearances on the long-running BBC television show Antiques Roadshow, in which he appeared for 43 years, from the first series in 1977 until his retirement in 2020.

Personal life
In 2012, after a simple fall, Battie broke his leg whilst travelling to Norwich to give a talk. He was in hospital for six months in Brighton and subsequently suffered an infection which was resistant to treatment by all antibiotics. He underwent upwards of eight operations. including four skin grafts, of which three failed.

Battie suffers from the genetic disorder haemochromatosis and has also developed Type 2 diabetes. He is an ambassador for the charity Antibiotic Research UK.

Bibliography
 The Price Guide to 19th and 20th Century British Pottery (1975)
 Sotheby's Encyclopedia of Porcelain (editor, 1990)
 Sotheby's Encyclopedia of Glass (coeditor, 1991)
 Reader's Digest Treasures in Your Home (consultant editor, 1992)
 Understanding 19th Century British Porcelain (1994)

References

External links
 List of published works on Bookfinder.com

1942 births
Living people
Antiques experts
British non-fiction writers
British book editors
BBC television presenters
British male writers
Male non-fiction writers


Strmol Castle (, ) is a castle located at the foot of Dvorjanski hrib ("Mansion Hill") near the villages of Češnjevek, Grad and Dvorje, in the municipality of Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Slovenia. Named after its builders, the Strmol family, it is notable as one of the few castles in Slovenia to retain a Slovene name throughout its history. It is currently a guesthouse and conference site for the government of the Republic of Slovenia.

History
Of the twelve medieval manors in the area of the modern municipality of Cerklje, Strmol Castle is the only one that has survived intact to the present. The castle is first mentioned in the 13th century, though there are no reliable records of its founding. The structure is centered on a towering keep with a late medieval core, taking its present form after renaissance and baroque renovations. The central keep is surrounded by a low, rectangular renaissance defensive wall, fortified with square corner turrets, which once featured a drawbridge over a moat. The interiors are richly furnished with historic furniture and art.

In January 1944, the Partisans abducted and murdered the owners of the castle, Rado Hribar (1901–1944) and Ksenija Gorjup Hribar (1905–1944), in the forest at Mače. The castle was confiscated by the communist government after the war. A demand for restitution of the property was lodged in 1992 and the castle was returned to the heirs in 2004. The bodies of Rado Hribar and Ksenija Gorjup Hribar were found in December 2015 above the village of Mače.

Castle park
The castle is surrounded by a park, established in the late 17th century. It originally encompassed an orchard on the slope below the castle, and four fishponds on the plain below that, with a walking path with benches leading from the castle. The layout has not significantly changed, though only one of the ponds remains. The current arrangement includes an access path, which ascends the slope toward a square walled courtyard behind the castle. The wall is decorated with baroque female figures and puttos by Angelo PuttaPozzi, originally from the garden of the defunct Zalog (Wartenberg) manor by Moravče, but relocated here in the 1960s along with his Atlas statues at the northern entrance steps. On the opposite side of the courtyard, the path descends toward a nearby road. Between the access paths there is an informal park, with an artificial lake and non-native trees.

Sources
Inventory of Significant Natural Heritage of Slovenia, Agency for Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage of SR Slovenia, Ljubljana 1988 ("Inventar najpomembnejše naravne dediščine Slovenije, Zavod SR Slovenije za varstvo naravne in kulturne dediščine, Ljubljana 1988")

References

Castles in Upper Carniola
Palaces in Slovenia
Cultural monuments of Slovenia


V. Vivaudou Inc.,  was an American perfume manufacturer that operated in New York City. V. Vivaudou Inc., was taken over by the United Drug Company in February 1916, for a price of $1,500,000. Among its perfume and cosmetics line, Mavis Talcum Vivaudou red tin was quite often part of the women's toiletries checklist.
In August 1919 the United Drug Company sold V. Vivaudou Inc., to a syndicate of New York City men for $2,500,000.  In 1920, it was considered one of the world's largest manufacturers of toiletries.

The business signed to carry out the sale and distribution of Alcorub on the Pacific Coast, in September 1922. In January 1926 the firm approved a contract to acquire the Alfred H. Smith Company. In May 1930 V. Vivaudou Inc., was ordered by the Federal Trade Commission to divest itself of capital stock in Parfumerie Melba, Inc., and the Alfred H. Smith Company. The FTC ruled that the companies were formerly competitors of V. Vivaudou Inc, and its acquisition of their stock constituted a monopoly.
The order to divest was reversed by a United States Court of Appeals in November 1931. The court decided that the three companies' control of 6% of the United States cosmetics market did not constitute a monopoly.

Business history
Victor Vivaudou, the owner, was born in Cannes, France, on January 2, 1881. He travelled to the US with his mistress Rosa on the Lusitania on September 12, 1914, setting up V. Vivaudou Inc. in the Times building in 1915. He and three other investors also founded Meridian Motors, a Manhattan autos and appurtenances company, which was chartered in January 1917.

A new company was incorporated with V. Vivaudou as its president in September 1919. An underwriting syndicate was formed headed by J. S. Bache & Co. and S. M. Schatzkin. The underwriting syndicate was dissolved in mid-September 1919.

The corporation had an initial capital outlay of $12,000, and maintained its headquarters at the New York Times Building.

V. Vivaudou Inc. was listed on the New York Stock Exchange beginning on May 5, 1920. It issued 300,000 shares of capital stock. Company stockholders approved an increase of common stock from 340,000 to 500,000 shares on January 5, 1926. The shares were changed from $10 to no par value. They agreed to an issuance of 25,000 shares of 7 per cent preferred stock with $100 par value. In November 1920 V. Vivaudou, Inc., reduced its dividend from .50 to .25 per share to conserve cash, in order to meet expansion in the United States and Europe. It reported earnings of $288,430 for the quarter ending on October 31, 1920. The sum translated to $4 per share prior to accounting for taxes.

Victor Vivaudou pleaded guilty to smuggling before a United States federal judge in New York City, on November 1, 1920. Vivaudou and Rosa failed to declare a $10,000 necklace and a $500 diamond ring, which they purchased in France, in March 1920. Vivaudou was fined $5,000.

In November 1921 the corporation reported a decline in earnings. Its gross profit of $1,153,185 was below that of the previous year's $2,031,861. Gross sales amounted to $4,100,124. V. Vivaudou, Inc., announced a 60% increase in sales in the first quarter of 1922. In August 1922 the firm stated that it had paid off the last of its bank loans and was debt free. Net profit for 1922 was $592,947, and approximately $770,000 for the first ten months of 1923. By mid 1924 V. Vivadou Inc., reported a sharp decline in profits, largely due to losses incurred by its French subsidiaries. Victor Vivaudou was ousted as president of V. Vivaudou Inc., by Jules Bache and David Schulte following disputes over conspiracy and fraudulent misrepresentation.

Vadsco subsidiary
By 1943 V. Vivaudou of Canada and California was a subsidiary of Vadsco Sales Corporation. Vadsco expanded during World War II through the growth of Kny-Scheerer, a subsidiary which manufactured surgical instruments. Vadsco subsidiaries also produced perfumes, talcum and other products.

References

V. Vivaudou Inc.
V. Vivaudou Inc.
V. Vivaudou, Inc.


Wiesław Myśliwski (Polish pronunciation: ; born 25 March 1932 in Dwikozy, near Sandomierz) is a Polish novelist. He is a two-time recipient of the Nike Award, the most important literary prize for Polish literature.

Life and work
He was born to a middle class family and raised in Ćmielów, where his father had participated in the Polish-Soviet War and became a local official after being demobilized. In her youth, his mother was an active member of , a rural young person's organization founded by .

After the war, he attended secondary schools in Sandomierz; graduating in 1951. He then studied philology at the Catholic University of Lublin, taking his degree in 1956. From then until 1976, he worked on the editorial staff at the  (People's Publishing Cooperative).

From 1976 to 1999, he was Editor-in-chief of the cultural quarterly Regiony, and later contributed to the literary bi-weekly . Since 1997, he has chaired the jury for the  prize. He was a member of the Polish Writers' Union from 1971 to 1983.

Works
In his novels and plays Myśliwski concentrates on life in the Polish countryside. He is a two-time winner of the Nike Award (Polish equivalent of the Booker Prize) for Horizon (1996) and A Treatise on Shelling Beans (2006). To date, only Myśliwski and Olga Tokarczuk have won the award twice.

His first novel translated into English was The Palace, rendered by Ursula Phillips. Bill Johnston's English translation of Kamień na kamieniu, published by Archipelago Books as Stone Upon Stone, won the 2012 Best Translated Book Award.

Works

Novels
1967: Nagi sad, Warsaw, Publisher: PIW
1970: Pałac (translated by Ursula Phillips as The Palace in 1991), Warsaw, Publisher:PIW
1984: Kamień na kamieniu (translated by Bill Johnston as Stone Upon Stone in 2011), Warsaw, Publisher:PIW
1996: Widnokrąg, Warsaw, Publisher: Muza
2006: Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli (translated by Bill Johnston as A Treatise on Shelling Beans in 2013), Kraków, Publisher: Znak
2013: Ostatnie rozdanie, Kraków, Publisher: Znak
2018: Ucho Igielne, Kraków, Publisher: Znak

Dramas
1973: Złodziej
1978: Klucznik
1988: Drzewo, Szczecin, Publisher: Wydawnictwo Glob
2000: Requiem dla gospodyni, Warsaw, Publisher: Muza

Essays and interviews
2003: Kres kultury chłopskiej Bochnia, Prowincjonalna Oficyna Wydawnicza
2021: Myśliwski - Bocheński Rozmowy istotne, Łódź, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
2022: W środku jesteśmy baśnią : mowy i rozmowy, Kraków, Znak

Selected awards and honors
1996: Nike Award, Widnokrąg
1997: Władysław Reymont Prize, Widnokrąg
2005: Golden Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis
2006: Nike Award, Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli
2007: Gdynia Literary Prize, Widnokrąg
2012: Best Translated Book Award, Stone Upon Stone (Kamień na kamieniu)
2012: PEN Translation Prize, Stone Upon Stone
2012: Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
2012: Honorary doctorate from the University of Rzeszów
2022: Honorary doctorate from the Jagiellonian University

See also
Polish literature
List of Polish-language writers

References

Polish male writers
1932 births
Living people
Nike Award winners


Pierre Laffillé was a French painter, (June 1, 1938 – June 4, 2011)  born at Envermeu, Seine-Maritime.

Biography

Pierre Laffillé studied at the Académie Julian in Paris in 1956. He then studied at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts from 1959 to 1961. His first exhibition was in 1960 at Dieppe. He went on to show his works throughout France and much of the rest of the world, managing at least one major exhibition a year through much of his career.

He had lived and worked in Montmartre, Paris.

In The Netherlands he was represented by Aggie Hendrikx who ran an art gallery in the center of the city called Roermond. Aggie Hendrikx published books on his works. Aggie Hendrikx was brutally robbed, beaten and locked in a cupboard during one night. The incident made the news. She retired within 1-2 years after this incident. During this incident some works including works by Pierre Laffillé where stolen and can be found in the Interpol database (2022).

Amongst the awards that he had received, there were the Silver medal of the city of Paris, and the Gold Medal of the city of Montmorency. He was also a Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

References

External links
 Pierre Laffille Official website
 Art-Culture-France listing (in French)
 Auction report

1938 births
2011 deaths
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
21st-century French painters
21st-century French male artists
Académie Julian alumni


FBX (Filmbox) is a proprietary file format () developed by Kaydara and owned by Autodesk since 2006. It is used to provide interoperability between digital content creation applications. FBX is also part of Autodesk Gameware, a series of video game middleware.

History

FBX originated as a replacement file format for Canadian company Kaydara's Filmbox, a software for recording data from motion capture devices. Prior to 1996, Filmbox 1.0 used a file format called FLM. The format only supported motion data, user preferences and a list of devices used in the capturing of the motion data. This data was a serialized version of the libraries (binary dump), containing read/write memory data. This method of storing data did not work well with different versions of Filmbox. There was also demand from early adopters of Filmbox to implement a target character in a scene with the motion capture data, to enable the visualization of the data in a 3D view with display markers.

In 1996, Kaydara released a new native file format with Filmbox 1.5 called FBX, which used an object-based model, allowing for the storing of motion, along with 2D, 3D, audio, and video data. The format saw wider support from other 3D software packages such as Cinema 4D, SoftImage 3D, PowerAnimator, LightWave 3D, 3D Studio MAX and TurboCAD.

Filmbox was renamed MotionBuilder in 2002 with the release of version 4.0. In 2003, Kaydara launched FBX for Apple's QuickTime Viewer. Alias announced its intention to acquire Kaydara on August 8, 2004, reaching an agreement in September. A Software Development Kit was developed in 2005 to standardize the object model and allow other software developers to provide plug-ins of their own. Alias was acquired by Autodesk on January 10, 2006. Later in 2006, support for properties was added to FBX.

Limitations

The FBX file format is proprietary; however, the format description is exposed in the FBX Extensions SDK which provides header files for the FBX readers and writers.

There are two FBX SDK bindings for C++ and Python supplied by Autodesk. Blender includes a Python import and export script for FBX, written without using the FBX SDK and The OpenEnded Group's Field includes a Java-based library for loading and extracting parts from a FBX file.

The Godot game engine can import FBX files without using the FBX SDK, in Godot 3.2 this was handled by the Assimp library, this was rewritten in Godot 3.3, and replaced by a fork of Facebook's FBX2glTF utility in Godot 4.0.

File format
The FBX can be represented on-disk as either binary or ASCII data; its SDK supports reading and writing both.

While neither of the formats is documented, the ASCII format is a tree structured document with clearly named identifiers. For the FBX binary file format, the Blender Foundation published an unofficial specification, as well as a higher level unofficial spec (work in progress) for how actual data is laid out in FBX (independent of ASCII or binary format).

List of FBX versions (and alternate names in brackets):

 6.x (FBX 2006, FBX 2009, FBX 2010)
 7.1 (FBX 2011)
 7.2 (FBX 2012)
 7.3 (FBX 2013)
 7.4 (FBX 2014)
 7.5 (FBX 2016.1.2)

See also
 dotXSI
 COLLADA
 VRML
 X3D
 Autodesk Gameware
 glTF
 JT

References

External links
 Autodesk FBX
 Blender FBX description

3D graphics file formats
3D graphics software


Dalek War is a Big Finish Productions audio drama series based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

Plot
Dalek War follows the events of Project Infinity, in which the Daleks find themselves at war with a race of seemingly peace-loving Daleks from another universe.  Led by The Mentor, these Daleks ally themselves with the humans against the "Enemy Daleks" of our universe.  Nevertheless, Kalendorf almost immediately suspects his new allies of being as sinister as the Daleks of his own universe. Desperately, he forms a plan, one that may rid the galaxy of both Daleks.

Cast
Kalendorf - Gareth Thomas
Siy Tarkov - Steven Elder
Saloran Hardew - Karen Henson
Marber/Drudger/Sparks - Ian Brooker
Mirana - Teresa Gallagher
Alby Brook - Mark McDonnell
The Mentor - Hannah Smith
Dr Johnstone - Simon Bridge
Herrick/Trooper #1/Vaarga Man - Jeremy James
Susan Mendes - Sarah Mowatt
Morli - Dannie Carr
The Daleks - Nicholas Briggs
Scientist - Simon Bridge
Allenby - Mark Donovan
Trooper #2 - David Sax
Godwin - Helen Goldwyn
Command/Computer/Technician - Jack Galagher

Dalek War
Audio plays by Nicholas Briggs


Grigol Mgaloblishvili (, ; born 7 October 1973) is a Georgian politician and diplomat who has been Georgia's Permanent Representative to NATO since 26 June 2009. He briefly served as the Prime Minister of Georgia from 1 November 2008 to 6 February 2009.

Early life

Grigol Mgaloblishvili was born in Tbilisi, the capital of the then-Soviet Georgia, to an academic family.  He served as the Georgian Ambassador to Turkey until 27 October 2008 when President Mikheil Saakashvili proposed him for the position of the Prime Minister of Georgia to the Parliament of Georgia. Besides his native Georgian, he speaks English, Turkish, Russian and German.

Prime minister

Mgaloblishvili was approved as the Prime Minister on 1 November 2008.

In December 2008, Russian media widely picked up a report by Georgia's tabloid Alia claiming that an incident occurred between Mgaloblishvili and Saakashvili in which the latter allegedly punched Mgaloblishvili and threw a telephone at him. The story did not explain what provoked the president. Shortly afterwards, Mgaloblishvili left for Germany for a medical examination. Returning to Georgia, he called the "hype and rumors" ridiculous. President Saakashvili also responded to the rumors, saying that after Mgaloblishvili's return "Russian will calm down and focus more on global issues."

On 30 January 2009, during a press conference, Mgaloblishvili announced his resignation citing health problems and saying that he had suggested the President to consider nominating Nika Gilauri, the finance minister and first vice premier, for the prime minister's position.

Ambassador to NATO
On 26 June 2009, Mgaloblishvili was approved by the Parliament of Georgia as the country's Permanent Representative to NATO.

References

External links

Prime Ministers of Georgia
Heads of mission of Georgia (country) to NATO
1973 births
Living people
Ambassadors of Georgia (country) to Turkey
Politicians from Tbilisi
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
21st-century politicians from Georgia (country)
Diplomats from Tbilisi


In association football, goal-line technology (sometimes referred to as a Goal Decision System) is the use of electronic aid to determine if a goal has been scored or not. In detail, it is a method used to determine when the ball has completely crossed the goal line in between the goal-posts and underneath the crossbar with the assistance of electronic devices and at the same time assisting the referee in awarding a goal or not. The objective of goal-line technology (GLT) is not to replace the role of the officials, but rather to support them in their decision-making. The GLT must provide a clear indication as to whether the ball has fully crossed the line, and this information will serve to assist the referee in making their final decision.

Compared to similar technology in other sports, goal-line technology is a relatively recent addition to association football, its integration having been opposed by the sport's authorities. In July 2012, the International Football Association Board (IFAB) officially approved the use of goal-line technology, amending the Laws of the Game to permit (but not require) its use. Due to its expense, goal-line technology is only used at the highest levels of the game. Goal-line technology is currently used in the top European domestic leagues and at major international competitions such as, since 2014, the Men's and Women's FIFA World Cups.

Background

In association football, a goal is scored if the whole of the ball crosses the goal line between the goalposts and under the crossbar. In most cases, this is relatively unambiguous (goal nets being a low-tech way of verifying that the ball passed the correct side of the goalposts). Occasionally however situations occur when it is difficult for referees and their assistants to tell if a goal has been scored before a rebound, save, or defender's clearance from the goal area.

Rules
Since 2012, goal-line technology has been permitted in matches. Text relating to goal-line technology can now be found within four of the Laws of the Game:

Law 1 (The Field of Play): permitting modifications to the goal frame.
Law 2 (The Ball): permitting the use of approved balls with integrated technology.
Law 5 (The Referee): requiring the referee to test a goal-line technology system prior to a match and not use it if a fault is found.
Law 10 (Determining the outcome of a match): permitting use of goal-line technology to verify whether or not goals have been scored. It states that "the use of GLT must be stipulated in the respective competition rules".

The Laws themselves are not specific as to the nature of goal line technology systems, however other documentation from FIFA, which is cited by the Laws, goes into more detail. The FIFA Quality Programme for GLT Testing Manual precisely define the requirements of the systems. Four basic requirements of a system are stipulated:

The system must address only the matter of whether a goal has been scored or not.
The system must be accurate.
The system must indicate the scoring of a goal immediately, confirming this within one second.
The system must communicate its information solely to the match officials (via vibration and visual alert on the referee's watch)

FIFA have a system whereby a particular technology provider needs to show effectiveness to successfully obtain a license for their technology, then an installation within a particular stadium must pass a "final installation test" before use, and before each game the referee must check that the system is functional.

Competitions using goal-line technology
Due to the expense of goal-line technology systems, the technology is only currently used at the very top levels of the game. In domestic competition, goal-line technology is only regularly used in a few major European leagues:

Club competitions

International
 FIFA
 FIFA Club World Cup

Continental
 UEFA
 UEFA Champions League
 UEFA Europa League
 UEFA Europa Conference League
 UEFA Super Cup
 UEFA Women's Champions League

Domestic leagues
   Premier League
  EFL Championship
  Ligue 1
  Bundesliga
  Serie A
  Serie B
  Eredivisie

Domestic cups
  FA Cup
  EFL Cup
   FA Community Shield
  Coppa Italia
  Scottish Cup
  Scottish League Cup

National team competitions

International
 FIFA
 FIFA World Cup
 FIFA Women's World Cup
 FIFA Arab Cup

Continental
 AFC
 AFC Asian Cup
 CONCACAF
 CONCACAF Nations League
 CONCACAF Under-17 Championship
 UEFA
 UEFA European Championship
 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
 UEFA Nations League

, FIFA's website list 112 stadiums with licensed GLT installations, 94 of which use the Hawk-Eye system. The other 18 use Vieww, which is the other licensed provider.

History

Pre-implementation history
Prior to 2012, competitions were unable to implement technology as provision was not made for it in the Laws. The Laws of association football are controlled by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), a body on which FIFA holds 50% of the voting power, sufficient to veto any changes to the laws.

Pre-2011
Compared to other sports, association football was late to allow technology to assist with in-game decisions. The matter was a subject of debate within the game for over a decade with the game's lawmakers resisting calls for its implementation.

Throughout the 2000s various incidents incited discussion as to the potential for goal-line technology or a 'phantom goal' in the game. The lack of use of technology in association football was contrasted with other sports, which had incorporated video replays and other systems into their rules.

In response to this, FIFA decided to test a system by Adidas in which a football with an embedded microchip would send a signal to the referee if it crossed a sensor going through the goal. According to FIFA president Sepp Blatter, "We did different tests at the Under-17 World Cup in Peru but the evidence wasn't clear so we will carry out trials in junior competitions in 2007". However, those trials did not materialise and by 2008, Blatter had rejected the system outright, describing the technology as "only 95% accurate". FIFA and IFAB were resistant to introducing technology in the game, voting in March 2010 to permanently ditch the technology.

Following several refereeing errors at the 2010 FIFA World Cup – including the disallowed goal in Germany's 4–1 victory over England, when Frank Lampard hit a shot from outside of the penalty box that bounced off the crossbar and over the line; the ball came back out and the goal was disallowed because the assistant referee did not call for a goal – Blatter announced that FIFA would reopen the goal-line technology discussion.

Before Euro 2012, UEFA president Michel Platini dismissed the need for goal-line technology, instead arguing for placing additional assistant referees behind the goal. However, in a Group D match with Ukraine losing 1–0 to England, a shot by Ukraine's Marko Dević shot briefly crossed the line within clear view of the goal-line official before it was cleared by England's John Terry, reopening the debate, although an offside in the build-up to the incident was too unnoticed by the match officials.

Initial testing

Heeding calls for the use of technology, in July 2011 FIFA began a process of sanctioned tests that eventually resulted in the approval of the systems used in the current game.

The first stage of testing considered multiple goal-line technology systems, with the requirement that the system notified the referee of the decision within one second of the incident happening. The message needed to be relayed via a visual signal and vibration. Tests were conducted by Empa between September and December 2011. Tested systems included:

 A system from Cairos Technologies, in collaboration with Adidas, based around a modified ball with an implanted chip and a magnetic field generated by thin cables behind the goal line. The system could detect if the ball passed through the field.
 GoalRef: Another system based on generated magnetic fields and a sensor within the ball.
 Goalminder: A system based on cameras installed in the goal frame. This provided a visual playback to officials rather than an automatic goal-or-no-goal alert.
 Hawk-Eye: A Sony-owned system based on multiple high-speed cameras whose images are used to triangulate the position of the ball. Hawk-Eye systems were, and still are, used in several other sports for supporting officiating decisions.

Second phase of testing
On 3 March 2012, IFAB announced that two of the eight proposed systems had proceeded to the second stage of testing. These were Hawk-Eye and GoalRef. In the second phase of testing, the manufacturer of the technology chose a stadium to test its technology in a number of imagined scenarios. Testing was also conducted in professional training sessions and in laboratories to account for different climatic conditions and other magnetic field distortions. There were also tests on the watches to be worn by referees. The systems underwent testing in some competitive matches.

GoalRef technology underwent match testing in some Danish Superliga matches in the first half of 2012. Following the second phase trials, on 5 July 2012 IFAB approved GoalRef in principle, making it available for use in professional matches under a set of revised Laws of the Game. Each installation however would also require licensing approval for use in the individual stadium, on a 12-month basis. The 2012 FIFA Club World Cup was the first tournament where GoalRef was used by a match referee. Goal Ref was used for the first time on 6 December 2012 in the first match of the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup.

The first match to use the Hawk-Eye goal-line technology was Eastleigh F.C. versus A.F.C. Totton in the Hampshire Senior Cup final at St Mary's Stadium, Southampton in England on 16 May 2012. Although it used Hawk-Eye, the system had no bearing on the referee's decisions and the system readings were only available to FIFA's independent testing agency. The system was also in place for the technology's second test on 2 June for England's friendly match against Belgium.

Introduction

Following the success of the trials, in July 2012 IFAB voted unanimously to officially amend the Laws of the Game to permit (but not require) goal-line technology.

In December 2012, FIFA announced it would introduce goal-line technology at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan. Hawk-Eye technology was employed at Toyota Stadium, while GoalRef was used at International Stadium Yokohama.

GoalControl, a camera-based system which uses 14 high-speed cameras located around the pitch and directed at both goals, was used at the 2013 Confederations Cup, partly as a trial for use at the next year's World Cup.

The Football Association introduced Hawk-Eye during the 2013–14 Premier League season and the later rounds of the 2013–14 Football League Cup. A League Cup quarter-final match on 17 December 2013 saw the first goal-line technology-assisted decision in English football and the first goal to be decisively awarded using the technology in the English Premier League was Edin Džeko's goal for Manchester City against Cardiff City on 18 January 2014.

Following success at the Confederations Cup, GoalControl was used at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The first goal given by the technology was on 15 June 2014 group stage match between France and Honduras.

Goal Line Technology was implemented across the major European competitions. In December 2014, the Bundesliga clubs approved goal-line technology that will be introduced at the start of the 2015–16 Bundesliga season. The league picked the cheaper Hawk-Eye system over two German technologies. GoalControl was introduced for Ligue 1 for the start of the 2015–16 Ligue 1 season. Ligue 1 later switched to using Hawk-Eye in 2018 after the GoalControl system made errors.

Goal Line Technology was used in the UEFA Europa League final, UEFA Champions League, European Championship and Copa America for the first time in 2016.

Criticism

Human element is lost
While advocates for goal-line technology maintain that it would significantly reduce refereeing errors during play, there are also criticisms of the technology. Much of the criticism came from within FIFA itself including former FIFA president Blatter. Apart from the criticisms revolving around the technical aspects of the two proposed technologies, critics point out that such technology would impact on the human element of the game and remove the enjoyment of debating mistakes. Blatter has been quoted as saying, "Other sports regularly change the laws of the game to react to the new technology. ... We don't do it and this makes the fascination and the popularity of football."

A study suggested that in the 2010–11 Premier League season "errors took place nearly 30% of the time that video replays could help prevent", but some people claim that instant replays would interrupt the flow of the game and take away possible plays.

Other critics believe it would be prohibitively expensive to implement the technology at all levels of the game and particularly for smaller/poorer football associations. FIFA officials have expressed a preference for "better refereeing" as well as more match officials over implementing the technology. Advocates, in turn, cite the many examples of incorrect goal-line decisions deciding important games and point out that the technology has improved much since the initial trials carried out by FIFA.  Advocates contend that any extra help for the referee should outweigh arguments that it would lead to non-uniform rules (since not all football associations would be able to implement it).

Blatter had been opposed to goal-line technology until Frank Lampard's disallowed goal in the 2010 World Cup where the ball clearly crossed the line.

The introduction of additional assistant referees, who are mostly positioned beside the goal line, was partly in order to facilitate in such situations.

Cost

In April 2013, MLS commissioner Don Garber confirmed that MLS would not adopt goal-line technology for the 2014 season, citing cost as the overriding factor. GoalControl installation would cost about $260,000 per stadium, and a further $3,900 for each game.

In early 2014, the vast majority of teams in the two divisions of the German Bundesliga voted against introducing goal-line technology for financial reasons. The costs per club would have ranged from  €250,000 for a chip inside the ball up to €500,000 for Hawk-Eye or GoalControl. The manager of 1. FC Köln, Jörg Schmadtke, summarized the vote with "The cost is so exorbitant, that using this (technology) is not acceptable".

World governing body FIFA are set to make £300,000 from the Premier League's decision to install goal-line technology in all top-flight stadiums before the start of next season. Each of the 20 clubs will have to pay FIFA £15,000 to install, test and receive the 'FIFA quality seal' for Hawk-Eye's camera-based system, which is expected to cost around £250,000 per ground in total. FIFA will also make an extra £15,000 from Wembley Stadium, which will have the technology installed for use in events such as the FA Cup semi-finals and final.

The Scottish Professional Football League stated in December 2017 that it would not be implementing goal-line technology, as it is only affordable for the richest leagues in Europe.

Failures
Multiple errors in the 2017–18 Coupe de la Ligue quarter-finals led to the use of the GoalControl system being temporarily suspended by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. It failed to award Paris Saint-Germain their second goal against Amiens, which the video assistant referee (VAR) overturned. In the match between Angers and Montpellier, the system incorrectly flagged the referee, causing the match officials to not use it for the second half.

The system came under scrutiny in June 2020 after a Premier League match between Aston Villa and Sheffield United as the technology failed to award a goal for Sheffield United despite the fact that Aston Villa goalkeeper Ørjan Nyland had carried the ball over the goal line after mishandling a free kick from Sheffield United's Oliver Norwood by colliding with teammate Keinan Davis. As no goal was signalled, the match officials decided not to let VAR intervene, and the game finished goalless. Hawk-Eye apologised, explaining the failure as due to an anomalous amount of occlusion of its cameras' view of the incident.

The system came under further scrutiny in 2022 after an EFL Championship game between Huddersfield Town and Blackpool FC saw Yuta Nakayama head the ball over the goal line before being scrambled out by Daniel Grimshaw. As the goal was not signalled by Hawk-Eye, the referee did not award a goal and the match finished 0-1 to Blackpool. The EFL released a statement the next day, insisting that the referee's decision was "final" and "the match result stands".

See also
Video assistant referee
Photo finish
Ghost goal

Notes

References

External links
FIFA Quality programme page regarding GLT

Association football equipment
Sports officiating technology


David Nalbandian was the defending champion, but did not participate this year.

Olivier Rochus won the title, defeating Kristof Vliegen 6–4, 6–2 in the all Belgian final.

Seeds

  Guillermo Coria (first round)
  Mario Ančić (first round)
  Jarkko Nieminen (semifinals)
  Tommy Haas (first round)
  Olivier Rochus (champion)
  Paradorn Srichaphan (first round)
  Mikhail Youzhny (first round)
  Florent Serra (first round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
 2006 BMW Open draw
 2006 BMW Open Qualifying draw

Singles


Baghmundi is a village, with a police station, in the Baghmundi CD block in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India.

Demographics
As per 2011 Census of India Baghmundi had a total population of 4,035 of which 2,095 (52%) were males and 1,940 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 561. The total number of literates in Baghmundi was 2,340 (67.36% of the population over 6 years).

Geography

Location
Baghmundi lies in the vicinity of the Ajodhya Hill and Forest Reserve Area.

The Bagmundi–Bandwan Upland is an area descending from the Ranchi Plateau. At some places the high lands are very steep and rise to heights ranging from 475 to 700 m. The Ajodhya Hills are spread across the Baghmundi and Balarampur areas.

Area overview
Purulia district forms the lowest step of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills. Jhalda subdivision, shown in the map alongside, is located in the western part of the district, bordering Jharkhand. The Subarnarekha flows along a short stretch of its western border. It is an overwhelmingly rural subdivision with 91.02% of the population living in the rural areas and 8.98% living in the urban areas. There are 3 census towns in the subdivision. The map alongside shows some of the tourist attractions in the Ajodhya Hills. The area is home to Purulia Chhau dance with spectacular masks made at Charida. The remnants of old temples and deities are found in the subdivision also, as in other parts of the district.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Police station
Baghmundi police station has jurisdiction over Baghmundi CD Block. The area covered is 275 km2 and the population covered is 135,530. It has 41.91 km inter-state border with Tiruldih and Nimdih police stations in Seraikella-Kharswan district and Sonahitu PS in Ranchi district of Jharkhand.

Transport
SH 4  running from Jhalda (in Purulia district) to Junput (in Purba Medinipur district) passes through Baghmundi.

There is a road from Baghmundi to Sirkabad going over the Ajodhya Hills.

References

Villages in Purulia district


The North Metropolitan Region (also called North Zone) (Región Metropolitana Norte in Spanish) is an intermunicipality zone in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, created on 10 April 2000. The partidos that comprise this region are San Fernando, San Isidro, Vicente López and Tigre.

It has a continental surface of about 257 km2 and an insular surface of 1,140 km2. It has a population of about 1,118,000 people.

External links
 North zone on-line news (in spanish)

Geography of Buenos Aires Province
Buenos Aires


Àlex Simon i Casanovas (born 1960 in Gràcia neighbourhood of Barcelona) is a Catalonian mountain guide, climbing teacher, outdoor instructor and logistic. He has climbed in the Pyrenees, Alps and the Dolomites, as well as in the United States, Brazil, Guatemala, Indonesia, Australia and Antarctica, and crossed by bicycle sections of the Simpson Desert (Australia) and Atacama Desert (Chile).

Sport events organisation
Since 2012, Simon I Casanovas has organized the Rovaniemi 150 Arctic Winter Race. Rovaniemi150 () is the first, and still the only one (2017) polar winter ultramarathon in Europe which combines three categories: fatbike, ski and run.

Since 2014, he also organize the Lapland Extreme Challenge () in Finnish Lapland in winter.

Since 2015, Rovaniemi150 have two more different challenges: Rovaniemi66 () and Rovaniemi300 ().

Work in Antarctica
Simon I Casanovas was the mountain guides team leader at the Spanish Antarctic base of Juan Carlos I in 2001–06, carrying out extensive field work on Hurd Peninsula, Huron Glacier area, Byers Peninsula, and Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands.

Climbs
First ascent of Mount Bowles (), Livingston Island on 5 January 2003.
First ascent of Burdick East Peak (), Livingston Island on 20 November 2003.

Honour
Casanovas Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named for Àlex Simon i Casanovas.

Personal life
Since 2007, he lives in Finland.

Publications
 Article "Bajo el sol del desierto". Solo Bici nº7. Dec. 1991.
 Article "La motoneige et moi-une expérience en Antarctique". Motoneige Quebec. Dec 2009.
 Article "Sueños gélidos, sacos para frio extremo". Desnivel. Dec 2002.
 Àlex S. Casanovas.  [The Snowmobile Bible: Progressive safety over dangerous terrain]. Lulu Inc., 2008. 112 pp.

References

1960 births
Living people
Explorers of Antarctica
People from Barcelona
Spanish explorers
Spanish mountain climbers
20th-century explorers
21st-century explorers
Spain and the Antarctic


Thomas Crossley Johnson (1862-1934) was an American firearms designer. The son of a President of the Yale Safe and Iron Company, Johnson was trained as an industrial engineer and worked for several companies prior to employment with the Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1885. While working for Winchester, Johnson was responsible for some of Winchester's most memorable gun designs:

 Model 1903, first commercially available rimfire self-loading rifle
 Model 1905, first commercially available centerfire self-loading rifle
 Model 1911, self-loading shotgun
 Model 12, slide action shotgun
 Model 21, double-barreled shotgun
 Model 51, "Imperial" bolt-action sporting rifle
 Model 52 bolt-action smallbore match rifle
 Model 54 bolt-action hunting rifle (which evolved into the renowned Model 70).

From beginning employment with Winchester in November 1885 to his death in 1934, Johnson was named on 124 patents assigned to the company.

Sources
   Madis, George, The Winchester Book. Houston: Art and Reference House 1971
   Williamson, Harold, Winchester, The Gun That Won the West. Washington: Combat Forces Press 1952

External links
 https://centerofthewest.org/2017/03/03/t-c-johnsons-bolt-action-experiments
 https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/12/14/guns-t-c-johnson

1934 deaths
Firearm designers
1862 births


The Rover-BRM was a prototype gas turbine-powered racing car, jointly developed in the early 1960s by the British companies Rover and British Racing Motors (BRM). The car is part of the collection at the British Motor Museum.

Rover had already been working with gas turbines for road vehicles since World War II. A series of potential road cars were also produced, starting with the early prototype Jet 1, through the more developed examples T2 and T3, followed by the T4, which performed demonstration laps around the Le Mans circuit before the 1962 race. Seeing an opportunity for even more prestige, Rover decided to enter a gas turbine car into the race. A prize was to be awarded for the first gas turbine car to complete 3,600 km over the 24 hours, an average speed of 150 km/h, approximately 93 mph.

A crucial step in this plan was a chance meeting between William Martin-Hurst, MD of Rover, and Sir Alfred Owen of Rover's component supplier Rubery Owen, but more relevantly also of the Formula 1 constructors BRM. BRM supplied the chassis of Richie Ginther's crash-damaged car from the 1962 Monaco Grand Prix. A custom open-top spyder body was then built in aluminium, with the turbine mid-mounted ahead of a single-speed transaxle.

The first test runs were at the MIRA track in April 1963, driven by Graham Hill who described it thus, "You’re sitting in this thing that you might call a motor car and the next minute it sounds as if you’ve got a 707 just behind you, about to suck you up and devour you like an enormous monster." The top speed is quoted to be

Engine
The gas turbine engine was of typical practice for Rover, with a single centrifugal compressor, a single combustion chamber and a free turbine driving the output shaft, separate from the turbine that drove the compressor. It was rated at 150 bhp.

Racing career

1963 Le Mans
The car ran at the 1963 24 Hours of Le Mans, carrying the race number "00" as an experimental car. The turbine engine was judged to be equivalent to a 2-litre, but was permitted twice the usual fuel allowance. Le Mans has always taken an interest in fuel efficiency and some classes depend on achieving particular figures.

Graham Hill and Richie Ginther, who had past experience of the same chassis in a different guise the year before, drove in the race.

The 3,600 km figure was achieved with hours to spare, and with peak speeds down the Mulsanne Straight exceeding 140 mph. The overall averages were of 107.8 mph and 6.97 mpg. As the only car in its class it was unplaced, but the same performance by a petrol-engined car would have placed it in 8th place.

1964
For the 1964 season, the major change was the addition of a pair of ceramic rotary regenerators to the gas turbine, so as to improve efficiency. Although often reported as "heat exchangers", these use a different technique. Two honeycomb disks rotate slowly at 20 rpm with both inlet and exhaust airflows passing through them, but separately. This heats the disk, which then rotates, and in turn heats the inlet air. Regenerators slightly restrict the peak power of a gas turbine, but hugely increase its efficiency in compensation.

The car also gained a new body, a closed coupe designed by Rover's William Towns. To improve intake airflow, large pods were added over the rear intakes, after the test weekend, where it ran with small air scoops.  There was little time to test the new engine however, and the car was also slightly damaged during transport back to Britain. For one of these reasons (history is unclear just which), the team withdrew from the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans.

1965 Le Mans
The 1964 engine was now used to race in anger at the 1965 24 Hours of Le Mans. Rather than running as an "experimental", it was numbered "31" and was a competitor against others in the 2-litre class. The fuel allowance was also now the same as for the piston cars, making the regenerators even more important. Graham Hill and Jackie Stewart were to drive.

Allegedly owing to sand from the side of the course being sucked in when Graham Hill ran wide early on, the turbine blades were damaged. The engine began to overheat and for the rest of the race had to be monitored carefully to ensure that the exhaust gas temperature wasn't exceeded. Some hours later, while Stewart was driving, the tip of a turbine blade broke off and damaged one of the regenerators with a massive explosion, although the engine kept on running.

The car performed well though, finishing tenth overall, second in the 2-litre prototype class, and the first British car. The average speed was slightly lower than previously at 98.8 mph but consumption had fallen in half to 13.51 mpg.

Survival today

After the 1965 Le Mans, the car was once briefly tested on public roads by the magazine Motor, but retired completely by 1974. In recent years the car is nominally on display at the British Motor Museum, Gaydon.

Restored by a team of volunteers, the car is regularly seen at motoring events throughout the UK.

In July 2014 the car was demonstrated at Le Mans Classic.

The car was showcased at the Coventry Motofest in 2016, running on a closed section of the Coventry Ring Road.

During 2022 the car has been on display at Thirlestane Castle, Shelsley Walsh and Goodwood Revival.

See also
 Chrysler Turbine Car
 General Motors Firebird

References

External links

Heritage Motor Centre, Rover-BRM Article

Cars powered by gas turbines
BRM
24 Hours of Le Mans race cars


Cisse  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczutowo, within Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Sierpc and  north-west of Warsaw.

References

Cisse


If a software product is offered as Hybrid SaaS or Hybrid Cloud, it means that it combines elements of both Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and on-premises software deployment models.

In the case of a hybrid model, the software product offers a combination of cloud-based SaaS functionality and on-premises capabilities. It allows organizations to deploy the software partly in the cloud, and partly on their local infrastructure or inside their Virtual Private Cloud depending on their specific requirements and preferences.

The hybrid approach can be beneficial in certain scenarios. For example:

 Customization and control: Some organizations may have unique requirements or security concerns that require them to have greater control over their data and infrastructure. By offering a hybrid model, the software vendor allows organizations to maintain certain aspects of the software on-premises while still leveraging the benefits of the cloud-based SaaS functionality.
 Connectivity and latency: In certain industries or regions with limited internet connectivity or high latency, running critical parts of the software on-premises can ensure reliable access and faster response times.
 Compliance and data sovereignty: In industries with strict regulatory requirements or data sovereignty concerns, a hybrid approach can enable organizations to keep sensitive data on-premises while utilizing the cloud for non-sensitive operations.

By offering a Hybrid SaaS model, software vendors aim to provide flexibility and cater to a wider range of customer needs, allowing them to balance cloud-based convenience and on-premises control.

Hybrid SaaS vs. Hybrid Cloud

Hybrid SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) and hybrid cloud are related but distinct concepts in the realm of cloud computing.

 Hybrid SaaS refers to a deployment model where a software application is delivered as a service and combines elements of both on-premises and cloud-based infrastructure. In this model, some components or data reside on the customer's local infrastructure (on-premises) while others are hosted in the cloud. It offers a blend of the flexibility and scalability of the cloud with the control and customization options of on-premises deployment.
 Hybrid cloud refers to a computing environment that combines both private cloud infrastructure and public cloud services. It involves the integration and orchestration of resources from multiple cloud environments, including a private cloud (on-premises infrastructure) and at least one public cloud provider, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform.

In summary, the main difference between hybrid SaaS and hybrid cloud lies in their focus. Hybrid SaaS primarily refers to a software deployment model combining on-premises and cloud-based components, while hybrid cloud refers to the integration and utilization of both private and public cloud environments, encompassing infrastructure and services beyond just software applications.

References

Software distribution


Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz (Jarosław Marek Szulc; 13 July 1935 – 3 February 2022) was a Polish poet, essayist, dramatist, translator and literary critic. He is the recipient of the 2003 Nike Award, Poland's most important literary prize.

Life and work
Rymkiewicz was the son of Władysław Szulc, of German and Polish origin, who changed his last name to Rymkiewicz (a writer) and wife Hanna Baranowska, of German and Tatar origin (a physician).

He studied Polish philology at the University of Łódź and worked at the Literary Research Institute of Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters. As a poet, he was influenced by the traditions of classicism and the baroque. He has received multiple prizes for his novels, essays, and translations, including the Kościelski Prize (1967), S. Vincenz Prize (1985), and Polish PEN Club Prize. His volume of poetry Zachód słońca w Milanówku won the prestigious Nike Award in 2003.

Although Rymkiewicz was primarily a poet, he is better known as the author of two influential novels that contributed to the two most important debates of the 1980s: that involving the 1981 martial law and Polish-Jewish relations. His novel Rozmowy polskie latem, 1983 (Polish Conversations in Summer 1983) discusses the meaning of being Polish and the preoccupation with achieving independence. Rymkiewicz’s second novel, entitled Umschlagplatz (1988), had a greater impact. Instytut Literacki, the largest Polish émigré publishing house, originally published the novel in Paris in 1988 as it could not appear in communist Poland. It was reprinted a few times by underground publishing houses in Poland but officially appeared only in 1992 after the communists lost power in 1989. It was translated into French (1989), German (1993), and English (1994).

The novel focuses on the symbolic meaning of Umschlagplatz, which denotes a small square in German-occupied Warsaw (1939–1945) from which the Germans sent more than 300,000 Jews to their deaths, and thus a place which "may well be the only place of its kind" in the world. (p. 7, Umschlagplatz). He attempts to understand the implication of the existence of such a place for the contemporary Warsaw and the contemporary Poles. It took Rymkiewicz two years of study and research to create a detailed plan of the square. He concluded that Germans introduced the name Umschlagplatz sometime before July 1942; in pre-war Poland the place was called Transfer Square and was the center for the Jewish wholesale trade.

He is also known as a translator, particularly of American poetry (T. S. Eliot and Wallace Stevens) and of Spanish poetry (Federico García Lorca and Pedro Calderón de la Barca).

As an essayist, Rymkiewicz concentrated on Polish history (the partition period, World War II).

He supported the conservative Law and Justice political party. Rymkiewicz died on 3 February 2022, at the age of 86.

Publications

Poetry
Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
 1957: Konwencje ("Conventions")
 1983: Ulica Mandelsztama ("Mandelstam Street")
 1984: Mogila Ordona ("Ordon's Grave")
 1993: Moje dzielo posmiertne ("My Posthumous Works") Krakow: Znak
 1999: Znak niejasny, baśń półżywa ("The Unclear sign, a Half-living Legend"), Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy
 2002: Zachód słońca w Milanówku ("Sunset in Milanówek"), Warsaw: Sic!
 2006: Do widzenia gawrony ("Good-bye, Rooks"), Warsaw: Sic!

Prose
Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in literature" article:

Books of Essays
 1967: Czym jest klasycyzm ("What is Classicism?")
 1968: Mysli rozne o ogrodach ("Various Thoughts about Gardens")
 1977: Aleksander Fredro jest w zlym humorze ("Aleksander Fredro is in a Bad Mood")
 1982: Juliusz Slowacki pyta o gozine ("Juliusz Slowacki Inquires about the Time"). Warsaw: Czytelnik
 1983: Wielki Ksiaze ("Archduke"). Warsaw: PIW
 1987: Zmut Warsaw: Niezalezna Oficyna Wydawnicza
 1989: Baket
 1994: Kilka szczegolow ("A Few Particulars"). Cracow: Arcana
 1996: Do Snowia i dalej ("To Snow and Beyond"). Cracow: Arcana
 2001: Lesmian. Encyklopedia ("Lesmian. Encyclopedia"). Warsaw: Sic!
 2004: Słowacki. Encyklopedia ("Słowacki: The Encyclopaedia"), Warsaw: Sic!
 2007: Wieszanie ("Hanging"), Warszawa: Sic!
 2008: Kinderszenen, Warszawa: Sic!

Novels
 1983: Rozmowy polskie latem roku 1983 ("Polish Conversations during 1983 Summer")
 1988: Umschlagplatz

Comedies
 1970: Krol Miesopust ("The King of Meat")
 1971: Porwanie Europy ("The Abduction of Europe")
 1972: Kochankowie pieklo ("The Lovers of Hell")
 1973: Niebianskie bliznieta ("The Heavenly Twins")
 1979: Dwor nad Narwia ("Country House on the Narwa")

References

Further reading
 Joanna Michlic. "Umschlagplatz". [In:] Polin. A Journal of Polish-Jewish Studies 6(1991): pp. 333–338.
 Katarzyna Zechenter. "Marek Rymkiewicz". [In:] Holocaust Literature. An Encyclopedia of Writers and Their Work. Vol.2. Ed. S. Lillian Kremer. Routledge 2003, pp. 1063–1067. .

External links
 Instytut Książki Web page on Rymkiewicz

1935 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Polish poets
Polish male dramatists and playwrights
Polish people of German descent
Polish people of Lipka Tatar descent
Nike Award winners
Polish male poets
University of Łódź alumni
Writers from Warsaw
People associated with the magazine "Kultura"


Prunier is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Alfred Prunier (1848–1925), French chef and restaurant owner
 Camille Prunier, French wrestler
 William Prunier (born 1967), French footballer and manager
 Gérard Prunier (born 1942), French academic and historian


The Valencia Firebats are a gridiron team based in Valencia, Valencian Community (Spain).

History
The team was established in April, 1993, as Valencia Bats, joining the defunct American Football League (AFL) for the 1994 season. The following season a new national league is created in Spain, divided in two divisions, First and Second. Valencia Bats are invited to compete in the First Division, where they have been playing ever since.

In the 2002 season, the team makes his first appearance in the EFAF Cup, in the same group with Badalona Dracs (Spain) and Ostia Marines (Italy).

2006 was a remarkable season, as the team won their first national bowl, beating L'Hospitalet Pioners and qualifying for the first time for the European Football League, where they met Bergamo Lions (Italy) and Tirol Raiders (Austria) in the 2007 season.

They won the Spanish bowl again on the next season, 2007, against Badalona Dracs this time. Once again, they qualified as national champions for the European Football League. This time, rivals were Coventry Jets (UK) and Oslo Vikings (Norway).

In the 2008 season, for third time in a row, they played the |Spanish bowl, being defeated by L'Hospitalet Pioners, but qualifying for their third European Football League, where they faced the Bolzano Giants (Italy) and the Braunschweig Lions (Germany) in 2009.

In 2009 they faced their 4th Spanish bowl, beating the Badalona Dracs in a tough game and clinched a berth again for the EFL in 2010, where they met Bergamo Lions (Italy) and the Elancourt Templiers (France) in their group, which they won. In the Quarterfinals they lost 55–13 against the title holder Swarco Raiders Tirol.

From 2014 to 2016 they made the national final three times in a row winning the title in 2015.

Honours
Spanish League (4): 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015

References

External links

American football teams in Spain
Sport in Valencia
1993 establishments in Spain
American football teams established in 1993
Sports clubs and teams in the Valencian Community


James Addison Baker Jr. (November 3, 1892 – May 21, 1973) was an American attorney, banker, real estate developer, and United States Army officer from Houston, Texas. He was the third in a succession of men named James Addison Baker, all of whom were attorneys for Baker Botts or its antecedents. His son is James Addison Baker III, former United States Secretary of State.

Early life
James A. Baker Jr. was born on 3 November 1892 to Captain James A. Baker and Alice Graham Baker in Houston, Texas. In 1911, Baker graduated from The Hill School, and enrolled at Princeton University in the fall.

Career

Baker interrupted his law classes at the University of Texas to volunteer for World War I. He reported to Quartermaster School in San Antonio commissioned as a lieutenant, and began his tour with the 90th Division's 359th Infantry Regiment on the western front in July 1918. His company fought from the trenches during the Battle of Saint-Mihiel in the fall. After a two-week break from the front, his division took over for the 5th Division and endured the trenches for seventy-five days straight. He was the only officer in his unit to survive without being wounded, and he was promoted to Captain while being cited for valor. He joined the occupation forces in Germany after the cessation of hostilities. The Army ordered him discharged and he reached American soil on April 4, 1919.

Baker and his father developed Broadacres, an exclusive subdivision sited north of Rice University. At its conception in 19221923, this tract was surrounded by non-commercial uses. In addition to the university, Hermann Park, the land for the future Museum of Fine Arts were in proximity. Two other wealthy subdivisions, Southampton and Shadyside, buffered Broadacres from commercial development. The Bakers sold seventeen large lots to investors who also advanced $150,000 to the development for capital improvements. Baker took over the management of the subdivision, while Herbert A. Kipp platted and engineered the twenty-five lot site. Rice architect William Ward Watkin laid out the landscaping and designed a new Spanish-Mediterranean home for Captain Baker. When the infrastructure for Broadacres was completed by September 24, 1924, Baker announced that the assessments to lot owners would be reduced because the final bills came in below estimated costs. Though his parents resided at Broadacres, Baker developed a lot in a neighboring subdivision on Poor Farm Road in 1926.

Personal life
Baker married Bonner Means on August 4, 1917. The two met while they were attending the University of Texas and they engaged on 9 May 1917. As Baker anticipated his military orders, the couple accelerated their wedding schedule and scaled down the event. After the marriage, they honeymooned at Mackinac Island, Michigan. From 1927, the Bakers resided at their house on the curve on Poor Farm Road (Bissonnet Street) in the Turner Addition. Their neighbors included relatives and friends: Browne and Adelaide Lovett Baker, Malcolm Lovett, and William Kirkland. The Bakers lived at this address for the rest of their married lives.

His father, also named James Addison Baker, was a partner of Baker, Botts and Baker and other antecedent of Baker Botts. James Addison Baker Jr. became a partner after ten years with the firm. Today, the law firm is called Baker Botts, a major United States-based international law firm of around 800 attorneys.

His son, James A. Baker III, is the political figure especially known from the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations.

Citations

References

External links

1892 births
1973 deaths
American jurists
The Hill School alumni
Princeton University alumni
United States Army personnel of World War I
Lawyers from Houston
University of Texas School of Law alumni
Military personnel from Houston
People associated with Baker Botts
20th-century American lawyers
TMI Episcopal alumni
United States Army officers


Wolfgang Reinhardt (13 December 1908 – 28 July 1979) was a German film producer and screenwriter. He was best known for co-writing the screenplay for the film Freud: The Secret Passion (1962), which earned him Academy Award and Writers Guild of America Award nominations.

Filmography
 Juarez (1939 - writer)
 Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet (1940)
 My Love Came Back (1940)
 The Male Animal (1942)
 Three Strangers (1946)
 Caught (1949)
 Stazione Termini (1953)
 Ludwig II (1955)
 Die Trapp-Familie (1956)
 Freud (1962)
 Hitler: The Last Ten Days (1973)

References

External links

1908 births
1979 deaths
Film people from Berlin
German emigrants to the United States


Dagmar Schellenberger (born 8 June 1958 in Oschatz) is a German operatic soprano with a large repertoire ranging from Bach to Wagner. She sings Blanche on the critically acclaimed DVD of the La Scala production of Francis Poulenc's opera Dialogues des Carmélites.

She was praised by MusicWeb for her "capacity for expression and nuance" and performed the title role in Lehár's Die Lustige Witwe (The Merry Widow) conducted by Franz Welser-Möst.

References

External links
Dagmar Schellenberger's Homepage

German operatic sopranos
Living people
1958 births


Pavel Krmaš (born 3 March 1980) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a defender.

References

External links

Living people
1980 births
People from Broumov
Czech men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football defenders
FK Náchod players
AC Sparta Prague players
FK Teplice players
FC Hradec Králové players
SC Freiburg players
Czech First League players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Czech expatriate men's footballers
Czech expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Footballers from the Hradec Králové Region


Universal Health Care Foundation of Connecticut is an independent, nonprofit organization with offices in Meriden, Connecticut. The foundation supports the mission of its parent organization, CHART (Connecticut Health Advancement and Research Trust). As of 2008, the foundation had assets of approximately $30 million.

History
In 1997, Attorney General Richard Blumenthal, Comptroller Nancy Wyman and a coalition of advocacy and labor organizations sued the for-profit Anthem Insurance Co. over its merger with the non-profit Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Connecticut.  The aim was to recover tax benefits and other concessions that the former Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Connecticut had received over several decades. The lawsuit was dropped after Anthem Insurance agreed to a settlement in 1999. As a result, the state established the Connecticut Health Advancement and Research Trust. Anthem Foundation of Connecticut was incorporated as a supporting organization to CHART.

It is one of about 165 foundations nationwide to be created by conversions of nonprofit health corporations to for-profit entities. As a condition of these conversions, the law requires that the assets of the nonprofit be retained for some public purpose.

At the time, Blumenthal called the agreement "a historic victory". The foundation received $41 million to carry out the conditions of the settlement. It was charged with working toward system-wide health care reform. The agreement established Anthem Foundation's legal obligation to help improve health care for those who need it most. The foundation was incorporated in 2000. It opened its first offices in New Haven, Connecticut. In January 2003, Juan Figueroa, former community organizer, former Connecticut legislator, former assistant attorney general of Connecticut and former president and general counsel of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund in New York, became foundation president. In 2004, the foundation changed its name to reflect a final separation from the Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Connecticut. At the time, Figueroa stated that no relationship with Anthem existed, and that the foundation's main focus was passage of universal health care.

Since 2004, the foundation has awarded over $7 million in grants to organizations to advance that goal.

In 2007, the Hartford Business Journal chose Juan Figueroa as a 2007 "Health Care Hero".

Frances G. Padilla was appointed as the foundation president in 2012.

Universal Health Care Foundation of CT celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2020.

The organization continues to focus on health care advocacy in four key areas: affordability, access, accountability, and anti-racism/equity.

SustiNet
In January 2009, the foundation unveiled SustiNet, a proposal for a statewide health care plan for Connecticut that would provide residents with their choice of health coverage and care regardless of their employment status, age, or pre-existing conditions.

According to analysis by the nation's leading health economists, SustiNet would reduce the proportion of state residents without health coverage from 12 percent to 2 percent by 2014. In addition, SustiNet would bring about savings in the private sector which would far exceed additional state government expenditures.

SustiNet passed its first hurdle in the General Assembly's joint committees on Thursday, March 26, receiving a favorable report from the Public Health Committee, which voted 22-8 to move the bill forward.  On May 20, 2009, the House of Representatives voted 107-35 for SustiNet, and on the 30th, the Senate did the same, 23-12. SustiNet was sent to Governor M. Jodi Rell, who vetoed it on July 8. On July 20 the governor's vetoes were overridden by the Connecticut House of Representatives with a vote of 102 to 40 and then by the Connecticut Senate with a vote of 24-12.

References

External links
 Official website
 healthcare4every1 Campaign
 Office of the Healthcare Advocate
 Small Businesses for Health Care Reform
 http://knowyourhealthproducts.com/

Healthcare reform advocacy groups in the United States
Medical and health foundations in the United States
Organizations established in 2000
2000 establishments in Connecticut
Medical and health organizations based in Connecticut


Publishing House ERSEN is one of the largest book publishers in Estonia.

The company cooperates with major English-language publishers and literary agencies to publish English and other titles in Estonia and the European Union.

References

External links

Book publishing companies of Estonia
Mass media in Tallinn


Popotan is a 2003 anime series based on the visual novel of the same name produced by the company, Petit Ferret. The story follows three girls, sisters Ai, Mai and Mii, and their maid, Mea, as they travel through time without aging, along with the mansion they live in. One of the sisters occasionally gathers crucial intelligence from conversations with dandelions—referred to as popotan—as they search for the mysterious figure of Shizuku. Popotan is a play on the Japanese word for "dandelions", tanpopo. It was developed by Shaft, directed and storyboarded by Shinichiro Kimura, and written by Jukki Hanada. The characters were designed by Haruka Sakurai and originally created by Akio Watanabe, under the alias of Poyoyon Rock.

Twelve episodes were produced. They originally aired on Tokyo Broadcasting System's satellite station BS-i, from July 18, 2003 through October 3, 2003, and were also made available at the same time on the Bandai Channel. On August 27 and 28, 2003, an event with the first volume Japanese DVD of Popotan was shown Animate Ikebukuro in Japan. The event featured guest appearances by the anime's voice actress for the three sisters.

On June 27, 2003, a teaser DVD with character designs by Haruka Sakurai was released. The DVD,  contains video interviews with the anime's voice actors, a CD containing music to the radio drama's, , theme , metallic paint illustrations and a plushie of Unagi. The anime was released on Japanese DVD by Bandai Visual in six discs of two episodes each. The set was released in staggered fashion between September 26, 2003 and February 25, 2004. Each disc also came with a promotional figurine of one of the girls. At the same time, Bandai released DVDs without the figurines at a lower cost. Geneon USA licensed the DVDs for North American release. Between December 7, 2004 and April 26, 2005, three DVDs were produced, each containing four episodes. A final box set was released on August 14, 2007, shortly before Geneon USA's demise. Sentai Filmworks, the licensing arm of ADV Films, announced that it had licensed the anime and would release the complete series in October 2009.

The Popotan anime has had one album and one extended play (EP) released. The album is the original soundtrack by Osamu Tezuka containing the television edited opening theme  by Under17 and the closing theme "Suki" by Funta. A joint EP, , was released by Under17 and Funta which contained the unedited versions of both songs as well as a joint song, "Gem Stone", which has also been listed as a theme song for the anime. The opening theme was also released on Under17's greatest hits compilation, .

Episode list

Notes

References
General

Specific

Popotan
Episodes


The 10th Mississippi Infantry Regiment was a regiment of infantry in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought in several campaigns and battles in the Western Theater.

"Old" 10th Mississippi

The 10th Mississippi Infantry was organized in March 1861 with an original enrollment of 841 officers and men for a term of one year. Among the officers was future Confederate general Joseph R. Davis, a nephew of President Jefferson Davis. The original companies, under the command of Col. Seaburne M. Phillips, were:

 Company A - Mississippi Rifles (Hinds County)
 Company B - Ben Bullard Rifles (Itawamba County)
 Company C - Port Gibson Riflemen, aka Port Gibson Rifles (Claiborne County)
 Company D - Lowndes Southrons (Lowndes County)
 Company E - Southern Avengers (Lowndes County)
 Company F - Hill City Cadets (Warren County)
 Company G - Rankin Rifles (Rankin County)
 Company H - Bahala Rifles (Copiah County)
 Company I - Madison Rifles (Madison County)
 Company K - Yazoo Minute Rifles (Yazoo County)

The troops assembled in Mobile, Alabama, and were transported to Pensacola, Florida, for garrison duty there to help man the coastal defenses. They encamped near Fort Barrancas, opposite Fort Pickens and Santa Rosa Island, both held by Union troops. Several companies engaged in building new fortifications or strengthening existing ones, as well as supporting the artillery crews during periodic bombardments over four months. Colonel Phillips and scores of other men died of disease while stationed near Pensacola. The depleted regiment fought in the Battle of Santa Rosa Island in October 1861.

In February 1862, the regiment was sent back to Mississippi, where it was brigaded with other Mississippi troops under the overall command of Col. James R. Chalmers. The term of enlistment expired in March.

"New" 10th Mississippi

The regiment was reorganized at Corinth on March 15, 1862, for a term of two years. The new companies were:

 Company A - Horn Lake Volunteers [formerly Co. E, 9th MS Infantry] (DeSoto County)
 Company B - Natchez Southrons [also listed as Co. C] (Adams County)
 Company C - Ben Bullard Rifles [also listed as Co. D] (Itawamba County)
 Company D - Mississippi Rifles [also listed as Co. G] (Hinds County)
 Company E - Lowndes Southrons (Lowndes County)
 Company F - Port Gibson Rifleman (Claiborne County)
 Company G - Fulton Guards [also listed as Co. B] (Itawamba County)
 Company H - Rankin Rifles [also listed as Co. A] (Rankin County)
 Company I - Bahala Rifles (Copiah County)
 Company K - Beauregard Relief (Tippah County)
 Company L - Capt. Finley's Company
 Company M - Capt. Dobson's Company
 Company N - Capt. Bell's Company
 Company O - Capt. Inge's Company
 Company P - Capt. Betts’ Company

In April, the new 10th, now under the command of Col. Robert A. Smith and numbering only 360 men, fought in the Battle of Shiloh in West Tennessee. It later participated in Braxton Bragg's Kentucky Campaign and suffered significant casualties at the Battle of Munfordville, including Colonel Smith. Chalmers' Brigade, including the 10th Mississippi, was part in the advance toward Louisville in September. Under Col. James Barr Jr., the 10th fought in the Battle of Perryville before retreating with Bragg's beaten army across the Cumberland Gap on October 20. Marching through Tennessee, the regiment camped near Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in November. It fought in the subsequent Battle of Stones River in late December and early January 1863.

The 10th again was part of a general Confederate retreat, finally encamping near Tullahoma, Tennessee, until July 1863 when it advanced to Chattanooga and then on to Bridgeport, Alabama. It subsequently participated in the Chickamauga Campaign in September and in the attack on Missionary Ridge at Chattanooga in November before retreating to winter quarters near Dalton, Georgia.

In the spring and summer of 1864, the 10th participated in the Atlanta Campaign. Colonel Barr was mortally wounded in the Battle of Marietta and replaced by James M. Walker. The survivors were part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign in November before wintering near Meridian, Mississippi. In the spring of 1865, the consolidated regiment took part in the Carolinas Campaign before surrendering with the army of Joseph E. Johnston at Bennett Place in North Carolina in April.

Colonels

 Seaborn M. Phillips, died at Pensacola
 Robert A. Smith, killed at Munfordville
 James Barr Jr., died in Georgia
 James M. Walker, resigned

See also
List of Mississippi Civil War Confederate units

Notes

References
 Howell, H. Grady, For Dixie Land, I’ll Take My Stand!: A Muster Listing of All Known Mississippi Confederate Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines, Chickasaw Bayou Press, 1998, .
 Rowland, Dunbar, Military History of Mississippi, 1803-1898: taken from the Official and statistical register of the State of Mississippi, 1908, Spartanburg, South Carolina: Reprint Company, 1978, .

External links
Mississippi Sons of Confederate Veterans Retrieved 2008-10-27
Roster of the 10th Mississippi at ancestry.com Retrieved 2008-10-27

1861 establishments in Mississippi
Military units and formations established in 1861
Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Mississippi


The National Textile Association is the United States's oldest and largest association of fabric-forming companies. NTA members knit and weave fabric in the U.S.; supply fibers, yarns to the fabric-forming industry; or supply other materials or services to the American textile industry.

History
The National Textile Association traces its history to 1854, the founding date of the Hampden County (Massachusetts) Cotton Spinners' Association, subsequently renamed the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association (1865). The organization was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on December 1, 1894. The organization became the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers (NACM) in April, 1906. The Northern Textile Association was founded April 17, 1953 by the NACM, in time for the 100th Annual Meeting of the Association in 1954. The NACM and NTA held joint meetings from April 17, 1953 to September 27, 1956. On December 7, 1956 the NACM filed the legal change of name to NTA. (On October 30, 1991, the legal name was changed to Northern Textile Association, Inc.) In 2002, by a vote of the Knitted Textile Association (founded in 1966) in August and the NTA in September, the Knitted Textile Association and the Northern Textile Association merged to form the National Textile Association.

Governance
The Association is governed by officers—chairman, vice chairman, president, vice president, treasurer and secretary—elected annually and a board of directors elected for three-year terms and divided into three classes so that one-third of the directors are elected each year. Roger Berkley of the company Weave Corporation is the current chairman of the Association.

References

External links
 NTA - 'Official website'

Trade associations based in the United States
Textile industry associations