"Crazy World" is the third official single from rapper Young Jeezy's third studio album, The Recession. Young Jeezy performed this song live at the BET Hip Hop Awards 2008.

Background
The song was thought to be the second single from The Recession, but was later replaced by "Vacation" and was pushed to being the third single. In the song, Young Jeezy talks about the recession America is going through and how he thinks president George W. Bush is punishing America, and this song also talks about the late 2000s recession.

Music video
The music video was made and finished on October 25, 2008. The video was directed by Marc Klasfeld. Young Jeezy stated that he was going to make videos for all of his songs and this one would be the third one (it has now been replaced by My President as the third single). He also made a video for the song "Who Dat". The video premiered on Monday, November 17. The video was played repeatedly throughout the day on MTV2's Un-Leashed.

Remix
"Crazy World (Oakland Shooting Incident Remix)" (DJ Green Lantern feat. Avery Storm and Uncle Murda)

There is also a second remix that features Tony Yayo, Rock City and Ace Hood.

Charts

References

2008 songs
2009 singles
Jeezy songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
Music videos directed by Marc Klasfeld
Songs written by Jeezy
Gangsta rap songs


The 1938 Giro d'Italia was the 26th edition of the Giro d'Italia, organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The race began on 7 May in Milan with a stage that stretched  to Turin, finishing back in Milan on 29 May after a split stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Giovanni Valetti of the Fréjus team, with fellow Italians Ezio Cecchi and Severino Canavesi coming in second and third respectively.

Participants

Of the 94 riders that began the Giro d'Italia on 7 May, 50 of them made it to the finish in Milan on 29 May. Riders were allowed to ride as a member of a team or group; 61 riders competed as part of a team, while the remaining 33 competed as a part of a group. The nine teams that partook in the race were: Bianchi, Dei, Fréjus, Ganna, Gloria-Ambrosiana, Lygie-Settebello, Legnano, Olympia, and Wolsit-Binda. The teams ranged from six to eight riders each. There were also seven groups, made up of three to five riders each, that participated in the race. Those groups were: U. C. Modenese, Il Littoriale, La Voce di Mantova, U.S. Azzini, U.S. Canelli, Dopolavoro Mater, and Gruppo A.

The peloton was composed primarily of Italian riders. The field featured one former Giro d'Italia winners with Francesco Camusso who won the race in 1931. Reigning champion Gino Bartali did not enter the race because the Italian government ordered him to race the Tour de France instead. Other notable Italian riders included Olimpio Bizzi, Giovanni Valetti, Ezio Cecchi, and Giuseppe Olmo. Swiss rider Leo Amberg who placed high at the 1936 and 1937 Tours de France competed in the race.

Route and stages

Classification leadership

The leader of the general classification – calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider – wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.

In the mountains classification, the race organizers selected different mountains that the route crossed and awarded points to the riders who crossed them first.

The winner of the team classification was determined by adding the finish times of the best three cyclists per team together and the team with the lowest total time was the winner. If a team had fewer than three riders finish, they were not eligible for the classification. The group classification was decided in the same manner, but the classification was exclusive to the competing groups.

The rows in the following table correspond to the jerseys awarded after that stage was run.

Final standings

General classification

Isolati classification

Mountains classification

Team classification

Group classification

References

Notes

Citations

1938
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia


Treguaco (), also spelled as Trehuaco (), is a Chilean city and commune in  Itata Province, Ñuble Region. The commune spans an area of .

Demographics
According to data from the 2002 Census of Population and Housing, the Treguaco commune had 5,296 inhabitants; of these, 1,245 (23.5%) lived in urban areas and 4,051 (76.5%) in rural areas. At that time, there were 2,788 men and 2,508 women residing in the commune. The commune's population fell by 6% (341 persons) between the censuses of 1992 and 2002 (0.6% annual loss). Trehuaquino is the demonym for a man from Treguaco, and Trehuaquina is a woman from Treguaco.

Administration
As a commune, Treguaco is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. For the years 2008-2012, the alcalde is Luis Cuevas Iarra (Ind.), and the council members are:
 Juan Cabrera Monsalve (PH)
 Olga Osses Klein (UDI)
 Gabriel Figueroa Retamal (PDC)
 Jaime Torres Barra (PDC)
 Juan Carlos Sepúlveda Pedreros (PPD)
 Tamara Valenzuela Fuentealba (PS)

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Treguaco is represented in the Chamber of Deputies as a part of the 42nd electoral district (together with San Fabián, Ñiquén, San Carlos, San Nicolás, Ninhue, Quirihue, Cobquecura, Portezuelo, Coelemu, Ránquil, Quillón, Bulnes, Cabrero and Yumbel). The commune is represented in the Senate as part of the 13th senatorial constituency (Biobío Cordillera).

References

External links
  Municipality of Treguaco

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Itata Province
1973 establishments in Chile


Taylor William Andrew Green (born November 2, 1986) is a Canadian former professional baseball infielder who played for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). After retiring, Green became a scout for the Brewers.

Amateur career

Green attended Mark R. Isfeld Senior Secondary School in Courtenay, British Columbia, and played high school baseball for the Parksville Royals of the British Columbia Premier Baseball League. He went on to play two years of collegiate baseball at Cypress College, where he was named a First Team Orange Empire Conference All-Star and Junior College 1st Team All-American.

Professional career
Green was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 25th round (745th pick) of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft. He made his professional debut playing for the Rookie League Helena Brewers in 2006. He was promoted to the Class A West Virginia Power in 2007. That season, in which he had a .327 batting average, 14 home runs, and 86 RBI, Green was named the Brewers Organizational Player of the Year. He also made the mid and post-season South Atlantic League All-Star teams. Baseball America selected him as a "Low Class A Third Base All-Star".

After the 2007 season, he was named to Team Canada's Baseball World Cup team which participated in the 2007 World Cup in Taipei, Taiwan, after which the team qualified for a spot in the 2008 Summer Olympics, although Green did not make the team.

In 2008, he played for the Class A-Advanced Brevard County Manatees. He was selected for the mid and post-season Florida State League (FSL) All-Star teams, and finished second in the FSL Home Run Derby.

Green split the 2009 season between the Class A Wisconsin Timber Rattlers and the Double-A Huntsville Stars. His entire 2010 season was played with Huntsville.

Green began the 2011 season with Huntsville, but was promoted to the Triple-A Nashville Sounds after three games at Double-A. He was later called up to the major leagues for the first time late in the season.

He made his MLB debut on August 31 as a pinch hitter, singling in his first at bat for his first MLB career hit. In 37 at bats, he batted .270.

He competed for a roster spot with Brooks Conrad and Zelous Wheeler in spring training in 2012. He earned a spot on the 40-man roster, however was optioned to Triple-A Nashville before being recalled in May and hitting his first major league home run off Carlos Mármol in a win against the Chicago Cubs on June 6, 2012, then was later optioned back to Nashville, but recalled in September.

In April 2013, Green underwent left hip surgery and missed all of the 2013 season. He was outrighted off the Brewers roster on October 4, 2013, but rejoined the organization and played in the minors in 2014 (Huntsville and Nashville) and 2015 (Double-A Biloxi Shuckers). He retired as a player and became a Milwaukee scout in February 2016.

References

External links

MiLB.com profile

1986 births
Living people
Biloxi Shuckers players
Brevard County Manatees players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Cypress Chargers baseball players
Helena Brewers players
Huntsville Stars players
Leones del Escogido players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball infielders
Major League Baseball players from Canada
Milwaukee Brewers players
Milwaukee Brewers scouts
Nashville Sounds players
Peoria Javelinas players
Sportspeople from British Columbia
West Virginia Power players
Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players
World Baseball Classic players of Canada
2013 World Baseball Classic players
2015 WBSC Premier12 players
People from Comox, British Columbia


Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, journalist, and sportsman. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature.

Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works.

Three of his novels, four short-story collections, and three nonfiction works were published posthumously.

Works

Novels and novellas

Anthologies
 (1942) Men at War: The Best War Stories of All Time edited, with introduction, by Hemingway, although he is not the primary author.

Story collections

 (1923) Three Stories and Ten Poems
 (1924) in our time (Published as a chapbook containing eighteen vignettes)
 (1925) In Our Time (Republished in 1925 with fourteen additional short stories, incorporates the vignettes from the 1924 edition)
 (1927) Men Without Women
 (1933) Winner Take Nothing
 (1938) The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (This collection includes the ones in In Our Time and Men Without Women and Winner Take Nothing)
 (1947) The Essential Hemingway
 (1961) The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories
 (1969) The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War
 (1972) The Nick Adams Stories
 (1979) 88 Poems
 (1979) Complete Poems
 (1984) The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway
 (1987) The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway
 (1995) The Collected Stories (Everyman's Library)
 (1999) Hemingway on Writing
 (2000) Hemingway on Fishing
 (2003) Hemingway on Hunting
 (2003) Hemingway on War
 (2008) Hemingway on Paris

Nonfiction titles

Letters
 (1981) Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917–1961
 (2011–) The Cambridge Edition of the Letters of Ernest Hemingway
 (2011) The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume 1, 1907–1922
 (2013) The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume 2, 1923–1925
 (2015) The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume 3, 1926–1929
 (2017) The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume 4, 1929–1931
 (2020) The Letters of Ernest Hemingway: Volume 5, 1932–1934

Play
 (1938) The Fifth Column (published in the story collection The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories)

Adaptations

US/UK film adaptations
 (1932) A Farewell to Arms (with Gary Cooper, Helen Hayes)
 (1943) For Whom the Bell Tolls (with Gary Cooper, Ingrid Bergman)
 (1944) To Have and Have Not (with Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall)
 (1946) The Killers (with Burt Lancaster)
 (1947) The Macomber Affair (with Gregory Peck, Joan Bennett)
 (1950) The Breaking Point (with John Garfield, Patricia Neal)
 (1950) Under My Skin (with John Garfield)
 (1952) The Snows of Kilimanjaro (with Gregory Peck, Susan Hayward)
 (1957) A Farewell to Arms (with Rock Hudson, Jennifer Jones)
 (1957) The Sun Also Rises (with Tyrone Power, Ava Gardner)
 (1958) The Old Man and the Sea (with Spencer Tracy)
 (1962) Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man (with Richard Beymer)
 (1964) The Killers (with Lee Marvin)
 (1977) Islands in the Stream (with George C. Scott)
 (2008) The Garden of Eden (with Mena Suvari, Jack Huston)

Television productions
 (1959) For Whom the Bell Tolls Playhouse 90 (with Jason Robards Jr., Maria Schell)
 (1959) The Killers CBS Buick Electra Playhouse (with Ingemar Johansson, Diane Baker)
 (1960) The Fifth Column CBS (with Richard Burton, Maximilian Schell)
 (1960) The Snows of Kilimanjaro CBS (with Robert Ryan, Ann Todd)
 (1960) The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio CBS (with Richard Conte, Eleanor Parker)
 (1960) After the Storm (not completed)
 (1965) For Whom the Bell Tolls BBC (with John Ronane, Ann Bell)
 (1979) My Old Man (with Warren Oates, Kristy McNichol)
 (1984) The Sun Also Rises 20th Century Fox (with Hart Bochner, Jane Seymour)
 (1990) The Old Man and the Sea (with Anthony Quinn)
 (2001) After the Storm with Benjamin Bratt
In 1958, Hemingway also acquired the rights to Frederick Russell Burnham's memoir, Scouting on Two Continents, to be produced for television by CBS with Gary Cooper, but Hemingway died before production.

Other film adaptations
 (1956) The Killers (directed by Andrei Tarkovsky)
 (1999) The Old Man and the Sea (directed by Aleksandr Petrov)

References

Citations and references

Works cited

External links

 Works
Bibliographies of American writers
Journalism bibliographies


Benj Pasek (born June 9, 1985) is an American theater and television composer and lyricist best known for his works The Greatest Showman, La La Land and Dear Evan Hansen, all of which he co-wrote with his songwriting partner, Justin Paul.

Early life and education
Pasek was born into a Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His mother was a teacher who wrote children's songs, which got him interested in music. As a child, he sang with the Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale. He went on to earn a B.F.A. in musical theater from the University of Michigan. It was there that he met Justin Paul. When Pasek and Paul were unsatisfied with the roles they were getting in the shows at the university, the two decided to begin writing their own shows. One of the first projects they worked on together, Edges, was developed at the school.

Career
Pasek and Paul won the Jonathan Larson Grant in 2007. The two co-wrote and co-composed the musical Dogfight, which opened Off-Broadway at the Second Stage Theatre in July 2012. The pair went on to write music and lyrics for James and the Giant Peach, A Christmas Story: The Musical, Dear Evan Hansen, and The Greatest Showman. Pasek also collaborated with Paul on lyrics for the film La La Land (music by Justin Hurwitz). They have also written songs for the television shows Smash and The Flash. Most recently the duo wrote the original songs for Apple Original Films's Spirited, and the Hulu show Only Murders in the Building.

References

1985 births
American composers
University of Michigan alumni
Living people
American lyricists
American theatre people
Musicians from Philadelphia
Musicians from Pennsylvania


Scott Jonathan Fletcher MBE (born 23 August 1973) is an English entrepreneur.

In July 2008, Fletcher was named Entrepreneur of the Year for the North West at the National Business Awards. He personally donated £10,000 in ANS’ name to fund the first prize in the 'New East Manchester Enterprize Competition'. Their business advice service helped set up 42 new companies in 2007. He is also active within the local community, having previously sat on the board of FC United of Manchester and as a Governor of a local school, Manchester Academy. In April 2009, Fletcher was lauded for intervening to save an artist's home from repossession, offering to pay the outstanding and future mortgage payments.

References

Living people
1973 births
English businesspeople
People from Hale, Greater Manchester
Members of the Order of the British Empire
British Eurosceptics


The second USS Wanderer (SP-2440) was a patrol vessel that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1918.

Wanderer was a motorboat built in 1913 at Norfolk, Virginia, by Craig Brothers, and owned by R. F. Barret of Norfolk. She was acquired by the U.S. Navy for service as a section patrol boat during World War I. Inspected at the 5th Naval District on 13 April 1917 and designated SP-2440, she was placed in commission on the same day as USS Wanderer.

Wanderer operated on local and section patrol duties for the duration of World War I. She was returned to her owner on 30 December 1918.

Wanderer was one of two U.S. Navy ships named USS Wanderer in service simultaneously during World War I, the other being USS Wanderer (SP-132).

References

NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive Wanderer (SP 2440)

Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
World War I patrol vessels of the United States
Ships built in Norfolk, Virginia
1913 ships


This is a list of recessions (and depressions) that have affected the economy of the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. In the United Kingdom and all other EU member states, a recession is generally defined as two successive quarters of negative economic growth, as measured by the seasonally adjusted quarter-on-quarter figures for real GDP.

See also
 List of recessions in the United States
 List of stock market crashes and bear markets
 Office for National Statistics

References

External links

Office for National Statistics website
ONS quarterly GDP growth
UK National Income, Expenditure and Output
Latest Bank of England inflation report (PDF sections)
Bank of England February 2009 Quarterly inflation report  - Much data, including (on p20) previous 3 UK recessions.
"What is the difference between a recession and a depression?" Saul Eslake November 2008
UK economy tracker  BBC News - comparison of UK recessions - updated quarterly

Recession

Financial crises
Recessions
Recessions
Financial history of the United Kingdom


Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American post-hardcore band Dead American and best known as the lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin during his tenure from 2004 to 2010.  In 2021, he made a notable return to Saosin, sharing vocal duties with vocalist Anthony Green.

Early life
Cove Reber was born in Provo, Utah, and grew up a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein on the Lead Singer Syndrome podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly "popping off" San Diego pop-punk band Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus.

Reber started out in early life as vocalist for Vista, California, high school bands Mormon In The Middle and Stamp Out Detroit in the early 2000s before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004.

Musical career

Saosin (2004–2010)

In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably Saosin (2006) and In Search of Solid Ground (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theatre of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on  November 3, 2007.

Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:

Patriot (2011–2016)
After leaving Saosin in 2010, Reber started a project titled Patriot with Joey Bradford (a guitarist of A Static Lullaby and the Used) and Kyle Rosa. In 2011 demo versions of songs Float Away With Me and I Found My Way were released on the groups BandCamp page.
In 2016, Patriot released an official 4-track Dream Weaver EP.

Dead American (2016–present)
Then residing in Salt Lake City in 2016, Reber had met Sleep For Sleepers guitarist Chad Jordan through a friend. Being inspired by instrumental demos that Jordan had recorded, Reber recorded vocals over them. The recorded demos later surfaced in 2017 and into early 2018 on Rebers Instagram feed which included promotional shots and compilations of recording progress teasers under the name Dead American.

Throughout 2018,  Dead American officially released short teasers featuring Reber on their Instagram feed promoting songs from their EP, The Shape of Punk Is Dumb. On September 1, 2018, Ants and Pawns was the first of five successive singles to be released from their EP.  The Shape of Punk is Dumb was released independently on October 5, 2018. On August 23, 2019, the sixth single Wandering was released shortly after the EPs release as a bonus track.

Since 2019, the band went on to sign a record deal with Equal Vision Records and Velocity Records and release two singles Choke and Full of Smoke from their debut album New Nostalgia.

Scary Kids Scaring Kids
Scary Kids Scaring Kids enlisted Reber to feature as vocalist for The City Sleeps in Flames 15 year anniversary tour in 2020 and 2021 respectively. Reber ended up touring with the band until 2022.

Guest appearances
 Destroy The Runner - "From The Red" (feat. Cove Reber) from Saints (2006).
 Norma Jean - "Surrender Your Sons", "Robots 3 Humans 0", "Murphy Was an Optimist" and "And There Will Be a Swarm of Hornets" from The Anti Mother (2008).
 HOllOWS - "You're Not the Only One" (feat. Cove Reber) from HOllOWS EP (2016).
 The Undertaking! - "And Everything Worked out Just Fine" (feat. Cove Reber) from Funeral Psalms (2021).
 09 - "Lost Years" (feat. Cove Reber) from Lost Years (2021).
 Scary Kids Scaring Kids - "New Morning" from Out of Light (2022).
 Wake Me - "Together Alone" (feat. Cove Reber) (Single, 2022).
 Dvrk x Helzak - "Pipe Dream" (feat. Cove Reber) (Single, 2022).

Bands

Discography

Saosin
EPs

 The Grey EP (2008), Capitol
 Saosin (EP) (2005), Capitol

Albums
 Saosin (2006), Capitol
 Come Close (2008), Capitol
 In Search of Solid Ground (2009), Virgin
Singles

Mookie's Last Christmas (Acoustic Audition, 2004), Independent
 Capitol Demos (Demo, 2005), Independent
 Come Close (Demo, 2005), Independent
 2010 Demos (Demo, 2010), Independent

Patriot
EPs
 Dream Weaver (EP) (2016), Independent
Singles

 I Found My Way (Demo song, 2011)

Dead American
EPs
 The Shape of Punk is Dumb (2018), Independent
Albums

 New Nostalgia (2022), Equal Vision Records, Velocity Records

Singles
 False Intentions (2019), Independent
 Wandering (2019), Independent
 Choke (2021), Equal Vision Records, Velocity Records
 Full of Smoke (2022), Equal Vision Records, Velocity Records

References

External links
Saosin's Official Website
Interview with Cove Reber on becoming the new singer of Saosin
Dead American Official Website

1985 births
Living people
American rock singers
Musicians from San Diego
American Latter Day Saints
People from Vista, California
Singers from California
21st-century American singers
21st-century American male singers
Saosin members


Uncial 0144 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 012 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 7th century.

Description

The codex contains a small part of the Mark 6:47-7:14, on two parchment leaves (29 cm by 21 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 28 lines per page, in uncial letters.

It is dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research to the 7th century.

The Greek text of this codex was not classified to any of four text-types. It was not placed it in Categories of New Testament manuscripts of Kurt Aland.

The codex used to be held in Qubbat al-Khazna in Damascus. The present location of the codex is unknown. The manuscript is not accessible.

See also

 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading
 W. H. P. Hatch, An Uncial Fragment of the Gospels, HTR 23 (1930), pp. 149-152.

Greek New Testament uncials
7th-century biblical manuscripts
Lost biblical manuscripts


Teazer was an American privateer schooner in the War of 1812 that the British captured and destroyed in January 1813. She is best known as the predecessor of the ill-fated schooner .

A small schooner based out of New York, Teazer was one of the first American privateers to put to sea in the war. On her first voyage she quickly captured six brigs and six schooners that she sent in to US ports as prizes. However, her career was short-lived. On 17 January 1813,  captured her. British sailors then boarded Teazer and set her afire.

The British allowed Teazers officers to go home on parole: that is, they were freed upon their promising that they would not sail against Great Britain until an equivalent British prisoner had been exchanged. One of the privateer officers was Lieutenant Frederick Johnson. Teazers owner, Samuel Adams of New York, quickly built a larger replacement schooner named Young Teazer, and Johnson joined Young Teazer, breaking his parole.

When the British cornered Young Teazer at Mahone Bay on 27 June 1813, Johnson was serving as her first lieutenant. Known for his violent temper, and vowing to avoid capture, he set off an explosion that killed almost the entire crew of Young Teazer.

Prizes

Citations

References

War of 1812 ships of the United States
1810s ships
Teazer
Maritime incidents in 1813


Robert Matthew Turnbull McDonald (26 September 1931 – 9 June 2002) was a Canadian professional football player, businessman, insurance agent, public servant and politician. McDonald served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Born in Hamilton, Ontario, Bob McDonald joined the Hamilton Tiger-Cats as a defensive halfback in 1950 and won the Canadian Football League's Gruen Trophy as rookie of the year in the Big Four eastern conference. He quit professional football after contracting poliomyelitis on 6 August 1953 after which he required the use of crutches.

Recovered from the illness, his new career was selling insurance. As the 1957 federal election approached, the Progressive Conservative party recruited McDonald as their candidate in the Hamilton South riding. On election day, 10 June 1957, a 25-year-old McDonald defeated Liberal party incumbent Russell Reinke as part of an Ontario sweep by the Tories, helping John Diefenbaker win a minority government.

After winning two more terms in the 1958 and 1962 federal elections, McDonald was defeated by William Dean Howe of the New Democratic Party in the 1963 election. McDonald served three terms from the 23rd to 25th Canadian Parliaments.

After leaving federal politics McDonald became a Hamilton school trustee in 1964 and returned to business for a decade, running Crystal Glass and Plastics. He moved to provincial government in the 1970s as general manager of the Ontario Mortgage Corporation. From 1978 to 1991, he held various deputy minister positions with the Government of Ontario. He also served on the Peel Police Services Board and the National Parole Board.

McDonald died in June 2002, survived by his wife, two daughters and a son.

References

External links

1931 births
2002 deaths
Businesspeople from Ontario
Canadian Football League Rookie of the Year Award winners
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Ontario Rugby Football Union players
Players of Canadian football from Ontario
Politicians from Hamilton, Ontario
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario
Polio survivors


The Goetic demon Astaroth, whose name is derived from Ashtoreth, the biblical spelling of the name of the Phoenician goddess Astarte, has appeared many times in modern popular culture.

Film
 Der Golem, wie er in die Welt kam (1920), this silent film depiction of the "Golem of Prague" legend shows Rabbi Judah Loew summoning the demon Astaroth to reveal the Word that will bring the clay monster to life.
 Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971), the Star of Astoroth is a magical artifact sought by the protagonists, previously belonging to a sorcerer of the same name.
 To the Devil a Daughter (1976)
 Ghoulies (1984), one of the demons summoned throughout the film.
 Extra Ordinary (2019), Christian Winter summons Astaroth to regain his popularity.

Music
Astaroth: Book of Angels Volume 1 (by Jamie Saft Trio, 2005)
 Referenced in the song "Consumite Furore" in the PC adventure game Phantasmagoria
 Referenced in the song "At the Sound of the Demon Bell" by the heavy metal band Mercyful Fate
 Referenced in the song "Black Dwarf" by the doom metal band Candlemass
 The song "Alone in the Dark" by Testament contains a reference to Astaroth.
 A song of the Spanish heavy metal group Mägo de Oz from their album Finisterra.  Astaroth is also mentioned in several of their songs.
 Mentioned by the Swedish doom metal band Draconian in their songs "The Gothic Embrace" and "Serenade of Sorrow".
 Mentioned by Dio on the closing narration track of the 2000 concept album "Magica".
 Mentioned in the song "Come to the Sabbat" by Black Widow on their Sacrifice album.
 Referenced in the title of California-based hardcore band Catherine's debut album Rumor Has It: Astaroth has Stolen Your Eyes.
 The seal of Astaroth is printed on (some editions of) the CD Ænima by the band Tool.
 Mentioned in the song "Slaying the Prophets Ov Isa" by the Polish death metal band Behemoth.
 The band Thus Defiled has a song called "Astaroth (The Art of Balance in the Dark)" on their 2007 release Demonspawn.
 The band Anticlone has a song called "Astaroth" on their 2016 release The Root Of Man.
 17 lesser known metal (mainly black metal) bands are called Astaroth, as registered in the Encyclopedia Metallum.
 The seal of Astaroth is also present in the album artwork of Abrahadabra by Dimmu Borgir.
The seal of Astaroth appears on the cover of Bruce Dickinson's (Iron Maiden) Best of CD released in 2001.
 Mentioned in the song "Retreat Underground" by avant-garde rock band The Gabriel Construct
 Mentioned in the song "The Devils Bleeding Crown" by Danish Heavy/Rock band Volbeat
 Jyrki 69 uses Astaroths emblem on his album cover for American Vampire in 2021
 The central lyrical focus of the song "Carnal Beast" by slamming deathcore band Shrine of Malice, off their 2019 album Sheol.

Literature
 zA spirit commissioned by the Antichrist in Tim Lahaye and Jerry B. Jenkins Left Behind series
 The arch-villain of Henry H. Neff's The Tapestry series.
 A character in Luigi Pulci's Renaissance epic Morgante.
 Name of a novel written by Croatian writer Ivo Brešan.
 Astaroth is mentioned in Gordon's poem in Keep the Aspidistra Flying by George Orwell.
 Made several appearances as the demonic uncle of the titular character in the comic book Hellboy.
 The chief enemy and brother of The Demiurge in the horror role-playing game Kult.
 A demon representing Sloth, one of the Seven Deadly Sins in the manga Angel Sanctuary by Kaori Yuki.
 One of the many aliases of the Stephen King villain Randall Flagg.
 A daemon who appeared briefly in the Warhammer 40,000 comic Daemonifuge.
 Astaroth appeared in DC Comics as a Archfiend of Hell who is involved with the Gentleman Ghost's becoming a ghost in the first place.
 Astaroth appeared in the manga Ao no Exorcist as the first villain to fight Rin Okumura.
 Astaroth appears as a supporting character / villain in Marlon Pierre-Antoine's Wandering Stars.
 Astaroth is a main antagonist in the latter parts of the GS Mikami manga.
 Astharoshe Asran is a character in the Trinity Blood series.
 Astaroth is the name of Ren Kouen's dijin in Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic.
 Astaroth (Roth), Crown Prince of Hell, is a major character in the romance series The Dark Elements by Jennifer Armentrout.
 Astaroth is shown on multiple occasions in the novel God's Demon by Wayne Douglas Barlowe
 Astaroth appears as the main antagonist in issue 9-11 in Now Comics The Real Ghostbusters comic series.
 Astaroth is the name of the Gundam featured in the  Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans Steel Moon manga series.
 It's also the name of a Gundam (as Ashtaron) in the Gundam X television series.
 Astaroth is the eponymous demon in the Webtoons manhwa, Love Advice from the Great Duke of Hell.
 Astaroth is a key figure in The Grove of Ashtaroth by John Buchan.
 Astaroth appeared in the manga Black Clover, as the third member of the devil trio ruling the underworld.
 Astaroth is the secondary antagonist of the young adult fiction Demon Road Trilogy, written by Derek Landy.

Television
 Astaroth appears in Strange as the Jewish and Christian Devil, as being the demon who rose in power until humanity worshipped him as the Devil.
 Blood Ties, the lead character has the seal of Astaroth magically tattooed on her wrists
 Astaroth appears in an episode of Friday the 13th: The Series (season 3's "The Prophecies") as a fallen angel who seeks to fulfill six prophecies in the hopes of opening the doorway for Lucifer to walk the earth.
 Astaroth appears in the first episode of Ao No Exorcist as a demon who possessed a teenager and was exorcised by the protagonist's step-father, Fujimoto Shiro
 Astaroth is the family name of Diodora Astaroth one of the antagonists in the anime High School DxD
Astaroth is a supporting character in the 2017 anime series Sin: Nanatsu no Taizai
 Astaroth's sigil appears in the background of Truman's office in the last couple episodes of Twin Peaks
Astamon is a demon Digimon based on Astaroth. In line with Astaroth being associated with Sloth, his digivolved form is Belphemon (based on Belphegor), the Demon Lord of Sloth and one of the (Seven) Great Demon Lords.
 In BBC's Apparitions, a powerful demon called Astaruth is the primary antagonist, possessing a former soldier named Michael.
 In the season 3 episode "Malleus Malleficarum" of the CW show Supernatural, Astaroth appears as a demon who takes souls in exchange for magical power.
 In the Timm Thaler (2002 TV series) he appears under the name Astarod, notably, he appears as a Monster-Purse in the animated television series.
 Astaroth is referenced several times in "The Day of the Devil" episode of Inspector Morse.

Gaming
 NeverDead, the main villain is Astaroth, who kills the main character's beloved and making him an immortal demon lord who will suffer for eternity.
 Catherine, Astaroth (voiced by Yuri Lowenthal) is revealed as the demon who orchestrates, along with Dumuzid, a curse against men who have thoughts of infidelity
 Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Astaroth appears as a deity for those of chaotic evil alignment
 Final Fantasy II, Astaroth is a boss fought near the end of the game. Another version of this boss is also fought in Final Fantasy IV: The After Years.
 The Demon King Astaroth is the final boss in the original Ghosts 'n Goblins video game and a boss character in Ghouls 'n Ghosts and Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts. A character similar in appearance and attack to him also appears as a mid-boss in Rosenkreuzstilette Freudenstachel.
 Grand Chase, Astaroth is the mini-boss in Mana Valley with his pet Mynos, who was behind the downfall of Xenia continent Gods
 MagnaCarta II, Astaroth is a sentinel, some kind of powerful golem from eons past used by the northern forces and that we are condemned to fight in Old Fox Canyon
 MapleStory, Astaroth used to be a boss at the end of Adventurer's quests, until a later revamp which removed those quests.
 Shinra Bansho, a more notable character depicted in one of the trading cards found in Chocolate Wafer packages in Japan is the Demon General Astaroth, a high ranking blue skinned demoness.
 Omikron: The Nomad Soul computer game, the prince of demons and enemy of Kushulai'n is named Astaroth
 Painkiller: Resurrection, Astaroth appears to the hero at the end of the second level, announcing himself as one of the generals in Lucifer's army
 Phantasmagoria, Asteroth is the main antagonist
 Sacrifice, Astaroth is a Demon Lord, summoned through the Demon Gate of Golgotha, by the God of Slaughter, to fight the demon Marduk.
 Shadow Hearts: Covenant video game, Astaroth appears as one of the main boss enemies as well as a crest that gives the characters magical abilities.
 Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor, Astaroth appears as a demon
 , appears in the card game and snack food Shinra-Bansho and is a blue-skinned female version.
 Soul Calibur series of video games, a golem named Astaroth is a playable character
 Ultima V, Astaroth is the name of the Shadowlord of Hatred
 In Daemon Bride, Astaroth is the name of a woman-like entity that serves as an assistant to Dusk, one of the playable characters. Astaroth also serves as the demon of Sloth in the franchise in place of Belphegor.
 Astarte is a demonic assistant in the game Devil's Deception Astaroth is a SR card in Valkyrie Crusade, Astaroth become a maiden in Valkyrie Crusade. She can be obtained by using Arcana Turn-over to make Aphrodite turn into Astaroth, Now are unobtainable already.
 Astaroth is a wood and dark attribute demon monster in the mobile game Puzzle & Dragons, along with her series-mates Baal, Belial, and Amon
 Ianzuma Eleven 3, the Goalkeeper of a post-game team is named Astaroth.
 Inazuma Eleven GO 2: Chrono Stone, post-game character, Asta, as well as his Keshin are both named after Astaroth.
 In Closers Online, Astaroth is a boss in Red Crystal dungeon entry, Plane Gate. G Tower Training Program. And replica dungeon. Astaroth is male, he has a long sword and (small) dragon around him (awakening)
 Astaroth appears in mobile phone game Doodle Devil as an unlockable character for a game mode named "Demon Battle". Astaroth appears in this mode alongside Baal, Chimera, Cthulhu, Kronos, Mammon, Medusa, Shub-Niggurath, and a "demon" known as Succubus
 Rocket League, Astaroth is the name of a decal for the Breakout.
 White Noise 2, Astaroth is a playable character in the sequel to the popular horror game, White Noise. Along with several other creatures in the game, he has abilities that can be used to attack the group of investigators, the creature's main objective.
 Astaroth appears as a giant creature who wants to rule the galaxy and as the main antagonist in a visual novel called Marco And The Galaxy Dragon.
 Genshin Impact, the God of Moments, Time and Thousand Winds, Istaroth. Her name is derived from Astaroth. She plays an unknown yet very important role in the lore of the game, and has been mentioned in the stories of multiple regions within the game.
 Astaroth is a recurrent antagonist in the 2017 game Faith: The Unholy Trinity. He is depicted as Gary Miller, a human-like personification of the demon.
 The Solomonic seal of Astaroth (along with the seal of Belial) appears in the alpha demo of ManneKIN: Hessler Storage, as well as the implication one of the haunted mannequins is possessed by Astaroth during a jumpscare.
 Diablo IV'', Astaroth is a demon and a lieutenant of Mephisto, The Lord of Hatred. Astaroth is responsible for maintaining the hellfire barrier that surrounds the Cathedral of Hatred.

References

Astarte
Demons in popular culture


Charles Pence Slichter (January 21, 1924 – February 19, 2018) was an American physicist, best known for his work on nuclear magnetic resonance and superconductivity.

He was awarded the 2007 National Medal of Science "for establishing nuclear magnetic resonance as a powerful tool to reveal the fundamental molecular properties of liquids and solids. His inspired teaching has led generations of physicists and chemists to develop a host of modern technologies in condensed matter physics, chemistry, biology and medicine."

Birth and education
Slichter was born in 1924 in Ithaca, New York. He attended Harvard University, where in 1949 received his Ph.D. under the supervision of Edward Purcell.

Career

Slichter was a professor of physics and chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1949 until his retirement in 2006.

He spent one sabbatical semester (Spring 1961) as Morris Loeb Lecturer at Harvard University.  The lectures he gave there formed the nucleus of his book "Principles of Magnetic Resonance".

Slichter served as a member of the National Science Board from 1976–1984; as a member and vice-chair of the President's Science Advisory Committee from 1965–1969; as a member of the President's Committee on the National Medal of Science, 1969–1974; and as a member of the President's Committee on Science and Technology Policy, 1976.

Slichter was a member (Fellow) of the Harvard Corporation, Harvard's senior governing body, from 1970–1995.  He chaired the search committee that selected Neil Rudenstine as the president of Harvard in 1991. He was an elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.

Research
Slichter's research focused primarily on NMR and superconductivity.  His most important work includes:

Co-discoverer of the Hebel–Slichter effect, giving the earliest evidence for the BCS theory of superconductivity.
With Tom Carver, gave the first demonstration of the Overhauser Effect.
With Gutowsky and McCall, discovered J-coupling.
With Bob Schumacher and Tom Carver, performed the first measurement of the Pauli spin susceptibility of conduction electrons.
Other notable scientific contributions include the introduction of phase sensitive detection to pulsed NMR and its use to detect weak signals, studies of charge density waves and of the Kondo effect, the theory of ^{19}F chemical shifts, NMR studies of high-temperature superconductivity, theory of the effects of chemical exchange on NMR spectra, and studies of NMR of metal surfaces (catalysis).

Slichter was the recipient of numerous awards, in addition to the 2007 National Medal of Science.  In 1993 Slichter was awarded the Comstock Prize in Physics from the National Academy of Sciences.  In 1969 he received the Langmuir Prize, and 1996 the Buckley Prize, both from the American Physical Society.  The American Chemical Society honored his discovery of J-coupling with a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award in 2016. Slichter was an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow from 1955–1961.

Slichter received honorary Doctor of Science degrees from the University of Waterloo (1993) and Leipzig University (2010), and an honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degree from Harvard University in 1996.

Family
Slichter was the son of economist Sumner Slichter, the grandson of mathematician Charles S. Slichter, the nephew of geophysicist Louis B. Slichter, the father of musician Jacob Slichter, and brother of Bell Labs executive William P. Slichter.

Books

References

External links

 http://www.ebyte.it/library/educards/nmr/Nmr_HebelSlichter.html

1924 births
2018 deaths
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
National Medal of Science laureates
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Harvard University alumni
Scientists from Ithaca, New York
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize winners
Members of the American Philosophical Society


Bowen is a Celtic surname representing two separate Celtic ethnicities, the Welsh ab Owain meaning "son of Owen" (Owen meaning 'noble') and the Irish Ó Buadhacháin meaning "descendant of Bohan" (Bohan meaning 'victorious'). The Bowen lineage can be traced back to Llwyngwair in the 11th century, near Nevern in Pembrokeshire. The Bowen surname was adopted in 1424. There are seven Bowen crests and the Bowen/Owen family group share a tartan. The Bowen/Bowens surnames are more commonly found in southern Wales, while the Owen/Owens surnames are more commonly found in northern Wales.

This is a list of notable people born with the last name Bowen and people who married into the Bowen family.

 Adam Bowen, American billionaire businessman, co-founder of Juul
 Sir Albert Bowen, 1st Baronet (1858–1924), British-Argentinian businessman
 Albert E. Bowen (1875–1953), American member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 Alex Bowen (skier) (born 1991), American freestyle skier
 Alex Bowen (TV personality), British reality TV contestant
 Alex Bowen (water polo) (born 1993), American water polo player
 Andrea Bowen (born 1990), American actress and singer
 Andy Bowen (1867–1894), American boxer
 Anthony Bowen (1809–1872) African-American civic leader
 Arthur "Waring" Bowen (1922–1980), solicitor who founded the charity British Rheumatism & Arthritis Association
 Arthur Bowen (actor) played Albus Potter in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows-Part 2
 Ashley Bowen (1728–1813), American sailor and writer
 Bart Bowen (born 1967), American cyclist
 Ben Bowen (2002–2005), American child who died from cancer
 Ben Bowen (musician) (born 1976), Canadian children's musician
 Benjamin John Bowen (1915–2009), Welsh rugby player
 Bill Bowen (1929–1999), African-American Ohio state senator
 Billy Bowen (1897–1960), Welsh rugby union and rugby league footballer of the 1920s
 Branden Bowen (born 1996), American football player
 Brian Bowen (born 1998), African-American college basketball player
 Bruce Bowen (born 1971), African-American basketball player
 Caroline Bowen (born 1944), Australian speech therapist
 Catherine Drinker Bowen (1897–1973), American author and historian
 Charles Bowen, Baron Bowen (1835–1894), English judge
 Charles Bowen (New Zealand politician) (1830–1917)
 Charles Bowen (Ontario politician) (1923–1992), mayor of Brantford
 Charles W. Bowen, Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard
 Chris Bowen (born 1973), Australian politician
 Christopher Bowen (born 1959), British actor
 Christopher C. Bowen (born 1973), South Carolina Congressman
 Cliff Bowen (1875–1929), Welsh rugby player and cricketer
 Collin Bowen (1919–2011), Welsh archaeologist and landscape historian
 Curtis Bowen (born 1974), Canadian ice hockey player
 Daniel Bowen (born 1970), Australian blogger
 Dave Bowen (1928–1995), Welsh football (soccer) player
 Dave Bowen (Australian footballer) (1886–1946), Australian rules footballer
 David Bowen (cricketer) (born 1971), English cricketer
 David Bowen, Felinfoel (1774–1853), Welsh Baptist minister
 David Bowen (pathologist) (1924–2011), Welsh pathologist
 David Bowen (Wisconsin politician), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
 David Glyn Bowen (1933–2000), Welsh Congregationalist minister and missionary
 David James Bowen (1925–2017), Welsh scholar
 David John Bowen (1891–1912), Welsh boxer
 David R. Bowen (born 1932), Congressman for Mississippi
 Denis Bowen (1921–2006), South African artist, gallery director and promoter
 Dennis Bowen (1950–2012), American character actor
 Devin Bowen (born 1972), American tennis player
 Diamantina Bowen (c. 1832–1893), wife of British colonial administrator George Bowen
 Edmund Bowen (1898–1981), British chemist
 Edward Bowen (footballer, born 1858) (1858–1923), Druids F. C. and Wales footballer
 Edward Bowen (politician) (1780–1866), Irish lawyer and politician in Lower Canada
 Edward Bowen (priest) (1828–1897), Anglican priest in Ireland
 Sir Edward Bowen, 2nd Baronet (1885–1937) of the Bowen Baronets
 Edward Ernest Bowen (1836–1901), Harrow schoolmaster
 Edward George Bowen (1911–1991), Welsh physicist
 Edward L. Bowen (born c. 1942), American author of books on horse racing
 Elizabeth Bowen (1899–1973), Irish novelist
 Emanuel Bowen (1694–1767), Welsh engraver
 Emma L. Bowen, community activist in community health care and fair media
 Emma Lucy Gates Bowen (1882–1951), American opera singer
 Ezra A. Bowen, Wisconsin state senator
 E. G. Bowen (1900–1983), Welsh geographer
 E. N. Bowen (1893–1959), American judge, lawyer and Illinois politician
 Francis Bowen (1811–1890), American philosophical writer and educationalist
 Gail Bowen (born 1944), Canadian mystery writer, playwright and educator
 Geoffrey Bowen, Captain in the Battle of Wau
Sir George Bowen (1821–1899), British colonial administrator
George Bowen (colonial settler) (1803–1889), military officer and settler of New South Wales
George Bowen (footballer) (1875–1945), English soccer player
George Bowen (missionary) (1816–1888), American missionary in India
George Bowen (New York politician) (1831–1921), New York state senator
George Bowen (rugby player) (1863–1919), Welsh international rugby union half back
George Bevan Bowen (1858–1940), Welsh Conservative landowner and county officer
Sir George Edward Michael Bowen, 6th Baronet (born 1987) of the Bowen baronets
 Geraint Bowen (musician) (born 1963), director of the Hereford Three Choirs Festival
 Geraint Bowen (poet) (1915–2011), Welsh language poet and Archdruid of the Eisteddfod
 Harold G. Bowen Sr. (1883–1965), United States Navy admiral
 Harold L. Bowen (1886–1967), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Colorado
 Harry Bowen (rugby) (1864–1913), Welsh rugby player
 Harry Bowen (actor) (1888–1941), American character actor
 Henry Bowen (1841–1915), Virginia lawyer, soldier and Congressman
 Henry Chandler Bowen (1813–1896), American businessman
 Herbert Wolcott Bowen (1856–1927), American poet and diplomat
 Hilda Bowen (1923–2002), Bahamian nurse
 Howard Bowen (1908–1989), American economist and college president
 Humphry Bowen (1929–2001), British botanist and chemist
 Ira Sprague Bowen (1898–1973), American astronomer
 James Bowen (artist) (died 1774), English painter and topographer
 James Bowen (Royal Navy officer) (1751–1838)
 James Barton Bowen (1815–1881), mayor of Madison, Wisconsin
 James Bevan Bowen (MP) (1828–1905), British MP for Pembrokeshire
 James Bevan Bowen (RAF officer) (1883–1969)
 James Bowen (railroad executive) (1808–1886), president of Erie Railroad
 James Bowen (author) (born 1979), author of A Street Cat Named Bob
 James Bowen (footballer) (born 1996), English footballer
 James M. Bowen (1793–1880), first owner of "Mirador" residence in Greenwood, Virginia
 Jarrod Bowen (born 1996), English footballer
 Jason Bowen (footballer) (born 1972), Welsh former footballer
 Jason Bowen (ice hockey) (born 1973), retired Canadian ice hockey player
 Jeff Bowen (born 1971), American composer, lyricist and actor
 Jeffrey Bowen, African-American songwriter and music producer
 Jehdeiah Bowen (1817–1891), American politician
 Jenny Bowen (filmmaker), American screenwriter, director, and founder of OneSky
 Jeremy Bowen (born 1960), British journalist and television presenter
 Jimmy Bowen (born 1937), American record producer and pop musician
 Joe Bowen (born 1951), the voice of the Toronto Maple Leafs
 Sir John Edward Mortimer Bowen, 3rd Baronet (1918–1939) of the Bowen baronets
 John Bowen (alderman) (1844–1926), English businessman
 John Bowen (antiquary) (1756–1832), English painter, genealogist and antiquarian
 John Bowen (bishop) (1815–1859), bishop of Sierra Leone
 John Bowen (British author) (1924–2019), British playwright and novelist
 John Bowen (Royal Navy officer) (1780–1827), English sailor; founded Hobart
 John Bowen (pirate) (died 1704), active in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea
 John C. Bowen (1872–1957), Canadian clergyman
 John Clyde Bowen (1888–1978), American federal judge
 John Eliot Bowen (1858–1890), American author
 John Gilbert Bowen (1947–2019), British-born American porn director John T. Bone
 John Henry Bowen (1780–1822), American politician
 John J. Bowen Jr. (born 1955), American entrepreneur
 John S. Bowen (1830–1863), Confederate Army general
 John S. Bowen (executive) (born c. 1927), American advertising executive
 John S. Bowen (sound designer), American synthesizer designer
 John Templeton Bowen (1857–1940), American dermatologist
 John W. Bowen (1926–2011), Republican politician in the Ohio Senate
 John W. Bowen (U.S. Army general) (1910–1977), U.S. Army lieutenant general
 John W. E. Bowen Sr. (1855–1933), African-American Methodist clergyman and educator
 John William Bowen (1876–1965), Member of Parliament for Crewe, 1929–1931
 Jonathan Bowen (born 1956), British computer scientist
 José Antonio Bowen (born 1952), president of Goucher College
 Joseph R. Bowen (1950–2022), American politician
 Katie Bowen (born 1994), New Zealand association footballer
 Keith Bowen (born 1958), English footballer
 Kenneth Bowen (tenor) (1932–2018), Welsh tenor
 Lionel Bowen (1922–2012), Australian politician
 Lorraine Bowen (born 1961), singer/songwriter and comedian
 Luke Kibet Bowen (born 1983), Kenyan marathon runner
 Lynne Bowen (born 1940), Canadian historian, professor and journalist
 Mark Bowen (footballer) (born 1963), Welsh (soccer) footballer
 Mark Bowen (writer), American writer
 Mark Bowen (cricketer) (born 1967), English cricketer
 Sir Mark Edward Mortimer Bowen, 5th Baronet (1958–2014) of the Bowen baronets
 Mark Bowen, lead guitarist of British rock bank Idles
 Matt Bowen (born 1982), Australian rugby player
 Matt Bowen (American football) (born 1976), American football player
 Matt Bowen (musician), American musician
 Matty Bowen, English rugby league footballer
 Michael Bowen (actor) (born 1957), American film and television actor
 Michael Bowen (artist) (1937–2009), American artist
 Michael Bowen (bishop) (1930–2019), British Roman Catholic archbishop
 Murray Bowen (1913–1990), American psychiatrist
 Natasha Bowen Nigerian-Welsh writer and teacher
 Nicholas Bowen, educator
 Nigel Bowen (1911–1994), Australian lawyer, politician and judge
 Norman L. Bowen (1887–1956), Canadian geochemist and petrologist
 Otis Bowen (1918–2013), physician and Governor of Indiana
 Rees Bowen (1809–1879), United States House of Representatives for Virginia
 Richard Bowen (Royal Navy) (1761–1797), officer
 Richard L. Bowen (born 1933), president of Idaho State University
 Richard M. Bowen III, Citigroup whistleblower
 Richard Bowen (bowls) (born 1957), Welsh lawn bowler
 Rob Bowen (born 1981), baseball catcher
 Robert Bowen (politician) (born 1948), Colorado House of Representatives
 Robert O. Bowen (1920–2003), American novelist and essayist
 Robert Sidney Bowen (1900–1977), World War I pilot, journalist and author
 Robin E. Bowen, American college administrator
 Robin Huw Bowen (born 1957), Welsh harpist
 Roger Bowen (1932–1996), American actor
 Rufus Bowen (Robert Edward Bowen, 1947–1978), American mathematician
 Ryan Bowen (born 1975), basketball player
 Ryan Bowen (baseball) (born 1968), baseball player
 Sam Bowen (baseball) (born 1952), American baseball player
 Sam Bowen (boxer) (born 1992), British boxer
 Sam Bowen (footballer) (born 2001), Welsh footballer
 Samuel Edward Bowen (1903–1981), English footballer
 Sandra Bowen (born 1941), American civil servant
 Sandra Bowen (born 1976), Australian volleyball player
 Shepard P. Bowen (1824–1908), New York politician
 Stephen Bowen (American football) (born 1984), African-American football player
 Stephen Bowen (astronaut) (born 1964), American astronaut
 Stephen Bowen (biologist), American fish biologist and former educator of Emory University
 Stephen Bowen (politician) (born 1969), Maine House of Representatives
 Sir Thomas Frederic Charles Bowen, 4th Baronet (1921–1989) of the Bowen baronets
 Thomas Ambrose Bowen (1916–1982), inventor of the Bowen technique
 Thomas H. Bowen (1850–1896), South Australian surveyor
 Thomas M. Bowen (1835–1906), U.S. Senator
 Thomas Bowen (engraver) (died 1790), map engraver
 Thomas Bowen (Wisconsin politician) (1808–1883), Wisconsin state senator
 Thomas Bowen (Independent minister) (1756–1827), Welsh Independent minister
 Thomas Jefferson Bowen (1814–1875), American expatriate Baptist missionary
 Tom Bowen (athletic director) (born 1961), American sports executive
 Tommy Bowen, member of the English band White Lies (band)
 Tommy Bowen (footballer) (1900–1954), English footballer
 Trevor Bowen (born 1941), English actor and screenwriter
 Trevor Bowen (rugby), British rugby union and rugby league footballer
 Tristan Bowen (born 1991), African-American soccer player
 Vanessa Bowen (born 1974), Sri Lankan cricketer
 William Bowen (actor) (1666–1718), British stage actor
 William Bowen (rugby player) (1862–1925), Welsh rugby union footballer
 William Bowen (author) (1877–1937), children's author and Newbery Honor recipient
 William Bowen (British Army officer) (1898–1961), general
 William G. Bowen (1933–2016), president of Princeton University
 William Miller Bowen (1862–1937), civic leader in Los Angeles
 York Bowen (1884–1961), English composer

See also
 Ab Owen
 Ab Owain
 Bowens (surname)
 Bown
 Bowne
 Owen (name), given name and surname
 Owens (surname)

References

External links
 Surname map of Bowen The Fitzpatrick - Mac Giolla Phádraig Clan Society

Welsh-language surnames
Anglicised Welsh-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames from given names


The TAC Stark is a four-wheel drive vehicle manufactured by Tecnologia Automotiva Catarinense. This project came about through an initiative of Federação das Indústrias do Estado de Santa Catarina or FIESC (Federation of Industries of the State of Santa Catarina), on the grounds that Santa Catarina had many parts producers but no automakers.

Powerplant
The Stark Flex is powered by the FTP 2.3L 16V Turbo Diesel Intercooler, one of the two standard van engines installed by Fiat and Iveco, supplied by FPT - FIAT Powertrain Technologies, the largest manufacturer of propulsion systems in Latin America. Developed and manufactured in Italy, the engine is also produced in TAG's Brazilian plant in Sete Lagoas (MG) from 2009.

See also
 Troller

References

External links
 TAC Motors official page
 TAC Stark Page
 TAC Stark article at worldcarfans.com
 TAC Stark article at autoblog.com
 TAC Stark viseos on YouTube

Cars of Brazil
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Mini sport utility vehicles


The Wizard of Oz is a 1993 platform video game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and loosely based on the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Developed by Manley & Associates, it was published by SETA Corporation and released in North America in 1993 and in Europe in 1994. The player assumes the role of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, or the Cowardly Lion in a series of levels containing hidden areas, mazes, and puzzles to bring Glinda's magic ruby slippers to the Wizard of Oz.

Upon its release, it received generally positive reviews, for its graphics, challenge, and playable female heroine. Retrospective coverage, however, has been negative including ranking on lists of the worst games of all time. Criticisms include poor collision detection, controls, weak character attacks, and mishandling of the source material.

Gameplay

The Wizard of Oz is a side-scrolling platformer that mixes action, adventure, and puzzle video game styles. It consists of four worlds, each having levels that contain warp zones, mazes, secret areas, and puzzles. It includes many of the settings from the 1990 Wizard of Oz animated series by DIC Entertainment. In a total of 31 levels, the player obtains six tickets from each country to open the Emerald City's four gates and complete the game. Bricks are collected to fill gaps with bridges to enter the next country.

The warp zones contain special items that are harder to obtain in other areas. To enter a puzzle stage, the player collects Toto's snack bones throughout a level. Puzzle levels include "Scrambled Concentration" where Toto must match three icons; "Toto vs" where Toto has to get to the "End" emerald while dodging enemies like mice and lobsters; "Follow the Path" where the player is forced to move on set arrow tiles to get Toto to the "End" emerald; "Lemon Drop Elimination", where Toto rolls two dice and must choose a number tile that is the sum of the numbers on the dice; and a word game where Toto has to enter out a phrase. Jewel icons can be collected to give any character the ability to shoot three jewels per icon in an upward or downward angle, and characters can be changed during gameplay by pressing the select button.

Players can assume the role of any of the four characters with different abilities; the game starts the player with Dorothy, who must rescue the other characters along the way. Each character has a different attack; Dorothy has a kick and a wand that can be powered up with bubbles and shooting stars; the Scarecrow strikes with a pitchfork and scares away crow enemies; the Tin Man has a low-kick and a high ax chop; and the Cowardly Lion attacks with his claws. Each protagonist also have special methods of maneuvering through levels, as Dorothy can float in the air for a limited amount of time through obtaining "flying slippers"; the straw-made Scarecrow can trudge through mud and stand on thin branches; the Lion can climb objects; and the Tin Man can walk safely in swamp liquid. For collecting extra lives and health points, there are icons that only serve specific characters: Glinda's bubble and a blue bow for Dorothy's health points and lives, respectively; a haystack for the Scarecrow's health and a graduation cap to increase his lives; oil cans and hearts for the Tin Man's health points and lives, respectively; and tofus and medals for the vegetarian Cowardly Lion.

Development and release
GamePro announced in June 1992 that SETA U.S.A. was planning to release a set of games based on the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, with one for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System reported to be released in early 1993. The magazine revealed that Dorothy, the Tin Man, the Scarecrow, and the Cowardly Lion were playable characters; a rendition of "Over the Rainbow" would be included in the soundtrack; and that anybody could submit ideas for the game by contacting the SETA's Las Vegas address. Another version for the Nintendo Entertainment System was announced in September 1992, and was reported to be in development by Electronic Gaming Monthly from December 1992 to July 1993; however, there were no reports about it afterward.

SETA first presented the SNES game at the 1993 winter Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and the finished version at the 1993 summer CES and 1994 winter CES. Just before its North American release, it was previewed in VideoGames & Computer Entertainment and GamePro. Its sprites were featured as "Stamp Out Famous Faces" in the stamp feature section of the Nintendo Player's Guide for Mario Paint (1993). In North America, the "early 1993" release date was moved to September 1993 in April. In Europe, the game was originally planned to be released in early 1994 and was moved to April.

Reception

Contemporaneous
The Wizard of Oz garnered generally good reviews upon its release, with the Associated Press calling it the best film-to-video-game adaptation ever. The graphics were especially highlighted and some liked the music. The Associated Press praised its "excellent" animation, "detailed original background graphics, and big character graphics". Data Carvey of GamePro admired the colorfulness, Mode 7 effects, multi-layered scrolling backgrounds, and the "distinctive details" and personality of the "somewhat stiff-moving" character sprites. Sam Hickman of Super Pro opined that more detail was needed in the "fairly well drawn" backgrounds.

Carvey and Nintendo Power praised the challenging gameplay; Nintendo Power highlighted the use of secret items and places, and Carvey commended its "imaginative enemies and some big bad bosses". Reviewers liked the playable female protagonist, with the Los Angeles Times recommending it for girl players to practice problem-solving and hand-eye coordination "in a setting they know and love".

The film license was criticized; Billy R. Moon of Game Players criticized "real action scenes" like the tornado sequence and Dorothy's visit to Munchkinland being reduced to either brief cutscenes or levels featuring elements not from the film. Hickman noted the munchkins and "jolly singing" was replaced by enemies like "a few dumb looking cats" and that Dorothy looked more like Ma Larkin from The Darling Buds of May (1991–1993) than the "dainly young" teenager in the film.

Moon said The Wizard of Oz left the SNES's capabilities unfulfilled, and Hickman assumed it would fail to attract its young demographic due to its scarcity of short-term rewards, its high difficulty, and its lack of appealing details. Nintendo Powers positive review admitted hit detection problems and the top screen display blocking the view of enemies. Carvey suggested the game could have used more sound effects and playable characters that were "speedy and versatile". Other criticisms included the gameplay, for its lack of variety and being reminiscent of THQ's video game adaptation of Home Alone (1990); and the "annoying" and "muddy" music making the famous songs difficult to identify.

Retrospective

Wizard of Oz was far less well-received in later years,
ranking on several lists of the worst games of all time. This includes The Verge naming it one of the top five worst film adaptations on the Super NES, Screen Rant ranking it the tenth worst film-based video game of all time, The Gamer ranking it the fourth worst, The Things placing it number six on its list of worst games based on children's properties, and Gambit magazine ranking it the fifth worst Super NES game. Frequent criticisms include the controls, poor collision and hit detection, weak character attacks (except for the Tin-Man), and addition of elements unrelated to the film.

Johnny Reynolds of The Things and Brett Alan Weiss of AllGame were baffled by Tin-Man's inability to jump in a platform game, and Weiss also criticized Dorothy's ineffective kick. Regarding changes from the source material, Gambit magazine's J. Luis bashed the inclusion of settings from the 1990 animated series in a game that was marketed as based on the 1939 film. Thomas Dennett of The Gamer wrote, "We don't remember Dorothy leaping across tree tops collecting fruit, kicking woodland creatures in the head, and carrying around a magic wand." Weiss dismissed the "poor level design that invites ridicule for being both too easy and too frustrating", and its audio that consists of "sparse" sound effects and "butchered" rendition of songs from the film.

Positive comments have been sparse, with Paste magazine claiming in 2015 that the game was "pretty good by 1993 license tie-in standards". Weiss called the visuals "decent"; and Screen Rants Stuart JA saw potential in some of the gameplay concepts, such as where it "arms Dorothy with a laser-blasting magic wand, Prince of Persia-style jumping prowess and the power to brutally kick her enemies to death". In a July 2011 feature for Retro Gamer, Richard Burton labeled it "A playable and enjoyable arcade adventure" with "sickly sweet graphics" that were "pleasant and attractive enough"; however, he also said that the game would be forgotten if not for the Oz license.

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1993 video games
Cancelled Nintendo Entertainment System games
Fantasy video games
Manley & Associates games
North America-exclusive video games
Platformers
SETA Corporation games
Single-player video games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Video games about witchcraft
Video games based on adaptations
Video games based on films
Video games based on Oz (franchise)
Video games developed in the United States
Video games featuring female protagonists
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)


The demon Belial, or characters named for him, have appeared in many examples of modern culture. This is distinct from medieval culture and Milton where Belial was related to the character in Jewish sources.

Literature
 In John Milton's Paradise Lost, Belial is one of the highest demons cast out of heaven along with Satan – though Milton's use of Belial is allegorical.
 In Philip K. Dick's The Divine Invasion, Belial is The Adversary, whose influence around Earth obfuscates reality and interferes with Yah's powers.
 Steven Brust's To Reign in Hell features Belial as one of the Firstborn, an angel of the highest order that takes the form of a dragon.
 In Graham Masterton's "Master of Lies", a/k/a "Black Angel", a series of murders in San Francisco is related to rituals to raise Belial.
 In the novel Nevada by Joshua Stephen Porter, Belial is a talking lizard who preaches Satanism, especially the elements of self-sufficiency  to a very receiving America.
 In Aldous Huxley's Ape and Essence, the post-apocalyptic civilization in Los Angeles worships Belial.
 In Robert A. Heinlein's novel Job: A Comedy of Justice, Alex and Margrethe are granted their request to spend eternity together operating a small town diner and soda-fountain which they acquired with a loan from a bank managed by "Mr. Belial".
 In John Connolly's novel A Game of Ghosts, Belial provides the motivation for some of the characters throughout the book but only appears towards the end. "[High above circled] a massive form, a being terrible in its flawless beauty and implacable in its animosity. Its wings were those of a great predatory bird, its hands and feet curved like talons, its face rapacious with lust, its androgyny hinting at appetites that could never be satisfied. It shone with a brightness that served almost to disguise the depravity of its features, the outward manifestation of its profound corruption."

Music

Lord Belial is a Swedish black metal band.
The US black metal band Grand Belial's Key was named after Belial.
The deathcore band Infant Annihilator references Belial in the 15th track of their debut album, The Palpable Leprosy Of Pollution, An Exhalation of Disease.
Swedish metal band Ghost (known as Ghost B.C. in the United States) in the leading single off their 2013 album Infestissumam, titled "Year Zero," refers to Belial in a repeated lyric that also includes the names of other demons, those being Behemoth, Beelzebub, Asmodeus, Satanas and Lucifer.
Faroese rap group Swangah Dangah's first CD was called Belials synir (The Sons of Belial).
Belial is mentioned in the song "Fall from Grace" from Morbid Angel's 1991 album, Blessed Are the Sick.
American technical death metal band The Faceless also have a track called "Sons of Belial" on their 2008 album, Planetary Duality.
Belial is mentioned in the song, "In Ancient Days," by the British band Black Widow.
A song by Tiigers is called Belial on their EP Belial / Takedown.
A song by the Japanese Visual Kei group The Gallo.
The Norwegian Black Metal band Mayhem includes Belial's name in their song "Pandaemon," where he is the second demon listed.

Television
 Belial was mentioned in an episode of Barney Miller, from its eighth season ("Possession"). A man who seasons earlier claimed to be a werewolf, returned to the precinct now believing to have become possessed by a demon, who made him smash a Nativity scene display at a department store.
 In the Danish program, "Juleønsket" ("The christmas wish") Belial is the main antagonist, though his original story differs as he is presented as an angel who was banished when he killed a rival archangel.
 Belial is the name of a weapons dealer in the Brotherhood' episode of Kings.
 In the superhero television series Legends of Tomorrow, hell is ruled by a triumvirate made up of Belial, Beelzebub and Satan. Belial is portrayed by actor Mel Tuck.
 In the Japanese tokusatsu franchise, the Ultra Series, a character named after Belial called Ultraman Belial exists as a recurring antagonist and character.

Films
The classic 1922 film Nosferatu says that the titular vampire originated from "Belial's seed," implying Belial's hand in the creation of vampires.
 Belial possessed the titular character in The Exorcism of Emily Rose.
 Belial is the name given to the deformed Siamese twin brother of Duane Bradley in the exploitation film Basket Case (1982) and its sequels Basket Case 2 (1990) and Basket Case 3: The Progeny (1993).
 In the 2002 film BloodRayne, based on the eponymous video game, Belial is an ancient vampire who had learned to overcome the vampires' inherent weaknesses.
 The 2009 Ultra Series film Mega Monster Battle: Ultra Galaxy introduces Ultraman Belial, an Ultra Warrior who was banished after his attempt to steal the Plasma Spark. He was transformed by Alien Raybrad into a warrior of darkness and has since then fought other Ultra Warriors, gaining a rival in the form of Ultraman Zero.
 In the 2005 movie The Prophecy: Uprising, Belial was primarily played by horror legend Doug Bradley. In the film, Belial is searching for the Lexicon and takes the forms of people he murders while searching for the Lexicon, a book still being written by God. He plans on using the book to create a new, more aggressive hell. Belial is portrayed as a fallen angel who has rebelled against Satan, whom he sees as having gone soft.
 In the 2011 film Dylan Dog: Dead of Night, Belial is a powerful demon which can be summoned through a magical artifact, the Heart, which contains his blood.
 In the 2014 film Annabelle, the word "Belial" can be seen in a book on the occult.
 In the 2019 film Ready or Not, the Le Domas family practices Satanic rituals to uphold a Faustian pact made by a former family patriarch. The deal was made with a sea merchant by the name of "Mr. Le Bail" (an anagram of Belial).
 Ghoulies (1984), Demon summoned throughout the film.

Games

The role-playing game In Nomine, based around angels and fallen angels, has Belial as Hell's Demon prince of Fire and the enemy of Gabriel, Archangel of Fire.
In the video game Devil May Cry 4, one of the early bosses is "Berial", a centaur-like demon and the Conqueror of the Fire Hell.
In the turn-based strategy video game Shining Force for Sega Genesis, Belial is a type of non-boss, non-unique enemy character unit.
In Lands of Lore 2, the main antagonist is an Ancient named Belial.
In the video game series Painkiller, Belial is portrayed as an angel/demon hybrid who was cast out by Lucifer and the other angels for his heritage and sought revenge against his divine brethren when Lucifer ordered Cerberus to amputate Belial's wings.
In the horror action-adventure video game Realms of the Haunting, Belial appears as one of the main antagonists of character Adam Randall.
In the video game Odin Sphere, Belial appears as one of the dragons the characters must defeat in several occasions.
In the video game Final Fantasy XII, Belial (named as "Belias the Gigas") appears as a boss. After the player defeats him, he can obtain him as an Esper and summon him in battle. The Belial is an enemy in Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII.
In Dungeons & Dragons, Belial is the former ruler of the fourth layer of the Nine Hells, Phlegethos.
Belial makes appearances in the Megami Tensei games, wherein he is depicted as a large, red-scaled, and winged demon wielding a trident. In Devil Survivor he appears as one of the participants in the War of Bel.
In the Gothic series of games, Beliar is the name given to one of the three Gods, and he is the God of Darkness. His minions and armies generally play the role of antagonists in the games.
In the Devil Summoner games, he is also one of the demons required for the fusion of Alice and is one of her two legal guardians, the other one being Nebiros. Upon Alice's defeat, they capture her soul in a staff and beg the protagonist to revive her with it.
He makes an appearance in the BloodRayne game (as Beliar), where he is a monster that keeps growing until it kills the player.
In the Warhammer 40k universe, Belial was once a Sergeant of the veteran first company of the Dark Angels chapter, the Deathwing.  However, he has now ascended to Master of the entire 1st Company.
Morrigan Aensland from the Darkstalkers series of fighting games (produced by Capcom) is the adopted daughter of Belial, according to her official story.
Belial is one of the heroes in the online game Emil Chronicle Online. He and the other three heroes are involved in the main story of the ECO World.
Belial is one of the Seven Great Evils, the demon lords that rule the Burning Hells in the Diablo series of PC games. One of the four Lesser Evils, he is mentioned in both the first game and its sequel, and finally makes an appearance in Diablo III, where he is revealed to be the Lord of Lies and the evil behind both Maghda's Dark Coven and the trouble in Caldeum in the second act of the game.
 In the Dragon Quest series, Belial appears a regular late game monster.
 In Mechassault, Belial is a medium class BattleMech. It weighs in at ~50 tons and has a top speed of 35 mph. Ordnance carried by Belial includes a Pulse Laser, Gauss Rifle x2, and Crossbow Missiles. Its defensive/special ability is the use of jump jets.
 In Darksiders II, Belial is the last boss who Death must confront in the "Demon Lord Belial" DLC and is one of the beings responsible for the extinction of humankind.
Belial is a HSR card in Valkyrie Crusade, she is a maiden and she can be obtained by using Arcana turn over to make Raphael turn into Belial.
 In the Android and iOS video game Lemegeton by Lantasia, Belial is the antagonist in Episode 2.
 In Total Annihilation: Kingdoms, Belial is the god of Taros, and appears in the game as the Spawn of Belial, the deity unit of Taros.
 In Dungeon Keeper 2, Belial is the name of one of the player's rivals.
 In The Binding of Isaac, one of the items to be found in the Devil Room is the Book of Belial, which increases the character's damage for the current room. While under its effect, he gains angry eyes with tears of blood and an inverted cross on his forehead. The character Judas starts with this item.
 In The Dark Pictures: Switchback VR, Belial is female and is the main antagonist of the game.

Comics
 In the DC Universe, Belial is the father of Lord Scapegoat, Etrigan the Demon and Merlin, and a sometimes member of Hell's former ruling Triumvirate (more often consisting of Lucifer, Azazel and Beelzebub). He also plays a part in the Reign in Hell miniseries as a lackey of Neron, another ruler of Hell. The villain Sabbac, who gets his powers from six demons, also gets wisdom from Belial.
 Belial (spelled B'Liale) is a major villain in the Avengelyne comic book series.
 Belial appears in the Image Comics series Spawn where he is a villain and the president of Hell.

Cartoons/anime
Belial is the name of the demon that appears in front of Ataru in the 17th episode of Urusei Yatsura.
The evil Digimon BelialVamdemon serves as the final antagonist for the season in which he appears, 'Digimon Adventure 02'. His English name is Malo Myotismon. He is the most lethal form of the Digimon Myotismon, combining all the power of Venom Myotismon with all the intelligence of Myotismon.
Belial is a character in the manga Angel Sanctuary by Kaori Yuki. The character calls herself Mad Hatter & serves Lucifer due to the fact that she has fallen in love with him.

Manga
Belial is the name of one of the 'Seven Satans', a level of the hierarchy of the lowest layer of Hell, in the shōjo manga series Angel Sanctuary by Kaori Yuki.
In the manga series Vassalord, it was revealed that Barry, an incubus with shape shifting abilities, is the demon Belial.
Belial is a central character in the manga series Tarot Cafe.
Belial is one of Hakuryuu Ren's Djinns in the manga series Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic.
A character in To Love-Ru and female protagonist in its sequel To Love-Ru Darkness, Momo "Belia" Deviluke is named after Belial or Beelzebub, while her father and two older sisters are named after other superior spirits mentioned in Grand Grimoire (her father Lucifer, her eldest sister Satan and her second eldest sister Astaroth).
Belial is the name of Leonard Testarossa's Arm Slave in Full Metal Panic! Sigma.
In High School DxD, a family of Devils is Diehauser Belial. He is the head of the current House of Belial, ranked number one in the Rating Games for long periods of time and he is known as the Emperor'''. Diehauser is one of the spectators at Rias and Sairaorg's Rating Game, giving Issei and Sairaorg a run for their money. After Beelzebud was created, it allowed him show his new attacks from the devils he has worked with. Until Diehauser won the game after defeating Bandersnatch. Until in Volume 17, Belial betrayed the Three Factions and Rizevim Livan Lucifer from inside.
 In Blue Exorcist manga, Belial is a demon that serves to Mephisto.

References

Demons in popular culture


Johan Schmidt (born 5 October 1964) is a Belgian pianist.

He won the Maria Callas Competition in Athens, and was prized at the Queen Elisabeth (1987, 4th prize plus Audience prize), Tchaikovsky (1990, 3rd prize - ex-aequo with Kevin Kenner and Anton Mordasov) and Van Cliburn (1993, 4th prize) competitions. In addition, in 1995 he was awarded the Leonardo da Vinci International Art Award from the Rotary International.

Schmidt has performed internationally, both as a concert pianist and a chamber musician. He has taught at the Royal Conservatory in Mons and currently teaches at the Royal Conservatory in Brussels.

References

Living people
Belgian classical pianists
Prize-winners of the Pilar Bayona Piano Competition
Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Competition
1964 births
21st-century classical pianists


John Oliver Nestor (November 7, 1912 – May 1, 1999) was a U.S. Food and Drug Administration medical officer and whistleblower.

Early life

Nestor was born in Franklin, New Jersey, and had nine siblings. He graduated from Georgetown University medical school in 1940. During World War II, he served in the United States Air Force as a flight surgeon and was awarded a Bronze Star for valor for his actions in Corsica in 1944. Specifically, during a bombing and strafing raid, left his trench's safety to provide first aid to the wounded and help ensure their evacuation.

Career
After the war, Nestor served as chief resident at Children's Hospital. While in private practice, he taught pediatrics at Georgetown and Howard University medical schools, as well as consulting with hospitals and government agencies. In 1961, Nestor joined the FDA.

During his employment at the FDA, Nestor revealed to the public that FDA leaders pressured reviewers, demanding new drugs be approved without adequate testing. He testified to Congress about the influence of pharmaceutical companies at the FDA and about FDA officials allowing drugs to stay on the market even after serious side effects had been identified. Despite receiving commendations from the Justice Department for uncovering fraudulent lab reports, Nestor was transferred from drug review duties by the FDA. Nestor fought the transfer and eventually resumed reviewing drugs.

On March 19, 1972, the FDA reassigned Nestor to its Office of Compliance, as part of a reorganization in which Civil Service doctors were replaced as drug approvers by consultants who were often affiliated with commercial companies. Nestor began a grievance proceeding. A review panel determined that senior FDA officials gave "misleading" testimony against Nestor and concluded that Nestor was due an apology and appropriate duties. In 1977, the FDA commissioner restored Nestor to the position he held before the 1972 transfer.

Robert G. Vaughn wrote in his book "The Successes and Failures of Whistleblower Laws" that Nestor "became one of the best-known FDA whistleblowers of all time."

Driving practices

Nestor also achieved fame in the Washington, D.C. area in 1984 after The Washington Post published his letter describing his favored driving method: On highways Nestor would settle his vehicle in the far left lane and set the cruise control at the speed limit, at the time 55 mph. He would not move to the right for drivers behind him. "Why," he asked, "should I inconvenience myself for someone who wants to speed?"  Nestor also believed he was performing a public service by forcing people to obey the nationwide 55 mile-per-hour speed limit. Nestor's letter enraged many motorists and led Paul J. Leonard to coin the term 'Nestoring' to describe the practice in another letter to the editor.

Death
Nestor died of renal failure in 1999 at the age of 86 at the Hospice of Northern Virginia; he had lived in Virginia for 50 years.

References

People from Washington, D.C.
1999 deaths
1912 births
Food and Drug Administration people
American whistleblowers
Georgetown University alumni


Charles John Guthrie, Lord Guthrie FRSE FRSGS LLD (4 April 1849 in Edinburgh – 28 April 1920 in Edinburgh) was a Scottish judge and lawyer.

Life

Guthrie was born at 2 Lauriston Lane in Edinburgh, the son of Rev Thomas Guthrie, a major figure in Scottish church history. By 1860 the family had moved to 1 Salisbury Road, a large villa in south Edinburgh.

He was educated at Edinburgh Academy and then studied Law at Edinburgh University graduating around 1871. In 1875, was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates. From 1881 to 1900, he was legal adviser to the Church of Scotland, and in 1897, became a Q.C. From 1900 to 1907 he served as Sheriff of Ross and Cromarty.

In 1907, he was appointed a Senator of the College of Justice. Lord Guthrie was a member of the Royal Commissions on Historical Monuments in Scotland (1908) and on Divorce and Matrimonial Causes (1909), and was Chairman of the Houseletting Commission (1906–07). In 1909, he presided over the trial of Oscar Slater. Guthrie made prejudicial and pejorative comments during his summing up, leading to Scotland’s worst ever miscarriage of justice. Slater was released and pardoned 20 years later.

When he was young, Guthrie had been a friend of Robert Louis Stevenson, and published, in 1914, an appreciation of "Cummy," Stevenson's nurse. His other works include John Knox and his House (1898), and an edition of Knox's History of the Reformation in Scotland (1898), besides contributions to the memoir of his father, Thomas Guthrie (1875). From 1910 to 1919, he was President of the Boys' Brigade of Great Britain and Ireland, and was a member of various antiquarian societies.

In 1916 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Horne, Sir William Turner, Sir John Macdonald, Lord Kingsburgh, and John George Bartholomew.

Lord Guthrie died at his home, 13 Royal Circus in Edinburgh, on 28 April 1920. He is buried in the north-west corner of the north section of Dean Cemetery.

Family

In 1876 Guthrie married his cousin, Anne Jemima Burns (1845-1927), the daughter of Rev Dr James Chalmers Burns DD of Kirkliston, and they had two sons and three daughters to the marriage.

References

1849 births
1920 deaths
Lawyers from Edinburgh
People educated at Edinburgh Academy
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish lawyers
Members of the Faculty of Advocates
Scottish sheriffs
Presidents of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society


Crack the Skye is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Mastodon, released on March 24, 2009, through Reprise, Sire and Relapse Records. The album debuted at number 11 on the Billboard 200, selling 41,000 copies in its first week. In Australia, the album debuted at number 19. It had sold 200,000 copies in the US as of September 2010, making it one of their highest-selling albums to date.

According to an interview on the DVD The Making of Crack the Skye, this album represents the element of aether, which is represented by the souls and spirits of all things, a theme closely related to the context of the album. Because the elements of fire, water and earth have already been represented by the band's first three albums Remission, Leviathan, Blood Mountain and the band's seventh album Emperor of Sand, respectively, the element of air is the only classical element which has yet to be represented by a Mastodon album, as their follow-up studio albums The Hunter and Once More 'Round the Sun do not represent an element, nor are they concept albums.

Crack the Skye is the first studio album to feature drummer Brann Dailor as the band's third lead vocalist.

Musical and lyrical themes

Drummer Brann Dailor described the album as more "focused" than its predecessor, Blood Mountain: "Maybe there was a deeper heart to this record that needed more exploring ... We got more involved with feeling the vibe of the record and everything feels more creepy and spaced out and something special is going on." During the composition of the record, Brent Hinds listened to In the Court of the Crimson King by King Crimson every day as inspiration, while Dailor and Troy Sanders listened to Pink Floyd's Animals.

Vocalist/bassist Troy Sanders said in an interview with Stereogum, "Crack the Skye is a departure from everything we've previously recorded in the sense that we kinda strapped on our aeroshells and departed from Earth for a while, and then captained to the ethereal element of the universe and kind of slept on the roof of the world for a while to get a perspective on this record. ... Basically we're exploring the ethereal world. We're dissecting the dark matter that dominates the universe, in a nutshell."

When asked in multiple interviews Dailor said the record would tell a story dealing variously with the art aesthetics of Tsarist Russia, astral travel, out of body experiences and Stephen Hawking's theories on wormholes.

Dailor has also said that "Crack the Skye" is meant as a homage to his sister, Skye Dailor, who committed suicide at age 14.

Scott Kelly, who guested on the title track, has this to say about the song:

Packaging
Paul Romano, who had done all of Mastodon's album artwork to that point, created the art for Crack the Skye. The piece features various ethereal images tied in closely with the overall concept of the record. Crack the Skye was released in two editions: the standard and limited edition. The latter has an elaborate packaging with a tunnel book that, when looked through, reveals three-dimensional-like imagery. A "hidden" picture of Brann Dailor's sister, Skye, can be seen on both sides of the tunnel book as well.

Release
Crack the Skye has been released as standard CD version and CD/DVD version, which included a bonus DVD with a documentary and a track commentary. Furthermore, standard single-disc LP and limited-edition 2xLP were released. A "super-deluxe" CD/DVD version that includes a tunnel book and a lithograph of the album art sold out during pre-orders, and a "Royal Edition" with a CD of the instrumental versions of the songs and an entirely new black-and-gold artwork was released on December 15, 2009.

Critical reception

The initial critical response from music critics to Crack the Skye was very positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received a score of 82, based on 29 reviews, indicating "Universal Acclaim".

Amongst the positive reviews received from critics was Total Guitar Nick Cracknell who awarded the album a 5/5 rating, describing it as "even more ambitious in scope and sound than 2006's Blood Mountain. Embracing elements of prog and country, but above all classic rock, Hinds and Kelliher literally add new dimensions to the band's ever-expanding sound." Decibel, who named Blood Mountain as their number 1 album of 2006, gave Crack the Skye a 7/10 rating as reviewer Joe Gross responded that "Crack is clearly designed as a grower, not a shower, the sound of a band that grew tired of people not responding to their ground game, so they put the ball in the air. Who knows when it will come down?" Clash review was particularly glowing in its praise for the album, saying "no metal release of 2009 is likely to be as important as Crack the Skye." The review praised the album's expansive sound and emotion, and finished by claiming that the album is "surely destined to become the stuff of legend". Reviewer Nate Chinen of The New York Times noted the album's "ambitious vision and vivid execution". The New Yorker pop music critic Sasha Frere-Jones lists it as one of his favorite albums of the year on his personal blog and, in an article for The New Yorker, called Crack the Skye a "deeply entertaining album".

Accolades

Crack the Skye was named amongst the most well received albums of 2009 by numerous music publications. Classic Rock magazine placed it a No. 3 of its Top Albums of 2009, while Kerrang! place it at No. 4 in its Top Albums of 2009. Time magazine placed "Crack the Skye" at No. 3 on its Top 10 Albums of 2009 list, and Rock Sound named it their Album of the Year for 2009. In addition, Spin magazine listed it as the 17th best album of the year. Rhapsody called it the 7th best album of 2009. The album was also voted the No. 1 Album of 2009 by Metal Hammer critics and contributors. In 2014, TeamRock put Crack the Skye at No. 57 on their Top 100 Greatest Prog Albums of All Time list, commenting: "Mastodon's 2009 album has the blood and thunder from previous releases, but takes everything to a new musical level. A restive and sophisticated piece of work from the prog heavyweights". The album was honored with a 2009 Metal Storm Award for Best Alternative Metal Album.

Track listing

CD/DVD
 The Making of Crack the Skye – exclusive behind-the-scenes documentary
 Track-by-track commentary – video commentary of the album by the band
 Photo gallery – slide of various images from the band

Personnel
Mastodon
 Brann Dailor – drums, percussion, backing vocals, co-lead vocals on "Oblivion" and "Crack the Skye"
 Brent Hinds – lead guitar, banjo, co-lead vocals except on "Karelia" and "Crack the Skye"
 Bill Kelliher – rhythm guitar
 Troy Sanders – bass guitar, bass synth, co-lead vocals, lead vocals on "Karelia"

Other
 Rich Morris – keyboards, synth and mellotron
 Scott Kelly  – lead vocals on "Crack the Skye"
 Brendan O'Brien – production, mixing, backing vocals

Charts

Certifications

References

External links

Mastodon (band) albums
2009 albums
Reprise Records albums
Rock operas
Concept albums
Albums produced by Brendan O'Brien (record producer)


Nova was a Dutch electronic music band, who reached the number 1 position in the Dutch Top 40 in 1982 with the instrumental "Aurora".

History
The group from Dordrecht (South Holland) consisted of Rob Papen, Ruud van Es and Peter Kommers. Later in 1982, the group scored another hit called "Sol". The three members of the band also performed under the name Peru. Nova was the "commercial" branch of Peru. After Nova's success, the group went on as Peru. Using this name, the group had another modest hit in the Dutch single charts with the song "Africa". Rob Papen and Ruud van Es are still active in producing music, albeit no longer under the names Nova nor Peru.

"Aurora" originated as a theme from a Peru song called "Sons of Dawn". Willem van Kooten, former director of the record company Red Bullet, discovered the song and, with help from producer Chris Pilgram, helped make it a number-1 hit in the Netherlands and the definitive breakthrough for both Nova and Peru.

Discography
Terranova - 1982

Quo Vadis - 1983

The best of Nova

As Erotic Dreams
Temple of Love (project for Veronica)

Nova - Terranova & Quo Vadis (Remastered & Expanded) - August, 15th 2021
CD 1:
01. Nova - Aurora (Remastered)
02. Nova - Arrivé (Remastered)
03. Nova - Xenos (Remastered)
04. Nova - Horizon (Remastered)
05. Nova - Terra (Remastered)
06. Nova - Sol (Remastered)
07. Nova - Clear Up (Remastered)
08. Nova - Ariane (The Traveller) (Remastered)
09. Nova - La Luna (Remastered)
10. Nova - Exit (Remastered)
11. Nova - Reel (Remastered)
12. Nova - Aurora (12-Inch Single Version) (Remastered)

CD 2:
01. Nova - Cygnus (Remastered)
02. Nova - Phase (Remastered)
03. Nova - Contact (Remastered)
04. Nova - Pulsar (Remastered)
05. Nova - Crystal (Remastered)
06. Nova - Stella Maris (Remastered)
07. Nova - Atmosphere (Remastered)
08. Nova - Jig (Presto) (Remastered)
09. Nova - Vortex (Remastered)
10. Nova - Quo Vadis (Remastered)
11. Nova - Contact (alternative version) (Remastered)

References

External links
Rob Papen's website
Ruud van Es' website (in Dutch)
Wikipedia NL article about Nova

Dutch electronic music groups


Ránquil is a Chilean commune in Itata Province, Ñuble Region. The communal capital is the town of Ránquil.

Demographics

According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute Ránquil had 5,683 inhabitants (2,896 men and 2,787 women). Of these, 1,337 (23.5%) lived in urban areas and 4,346 (76.5%) in rural areas. The population fell by 11.3% (721 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.

Administration
As a commune, Ránquil is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Carlos Garrido Carcamo (UDI).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Ránquil is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Jorge Sabag (PDC) and Frank Sauerbaum (RN) as part of the 42nd electoral district, together with San Fabián, Ñiquén, San Carlos, San Nicolás, Ninhue, Quirihue, Cobquecura, Treguaco, Portezuelo, Coelemu, Quillón, Bulnes, Cabrero and Yumbel. The commune is represented in the Senate by Alejandro Navarro Brain (MAS) and Hosain Sabag Castillo (PDC) as part of the 12th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Cordillera).

References

Communes of Chile
Populated places in Itata Province


Frédéric Duplus (born 7 April 1990) is a French professional footballer who plays as a right-back.

Football career
Duplus has been with the Doubs-based side since 2002. He was a part of Sochaux's youth squad that won the Coupe Gambardella in 2007. He made his highly anticipated professional debut in Sochaux's third round 1–0 win over Olympique Marseille in the 2008–09 edition of the Coupe de la Ligue coming on as a substitute playing 11 minutes. He made his league debut on 29 October 2008 against Olympique Lyonnais, however he was substituted out after only playing 32 minutes. It was discovered that Duplus had in fact tore ligaments in one of his knees ruling the youngster out of both league and international play for up to six months. He returned to Sochaux for the 2009–10 season and was assigned the first team number 2 shirt.

On 11 August 2021, he signed a two-year contract with Mouscron in Belgian First Division B.

International career
Duplus was a member of the France squad that participated in the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup helping France reach the quarter-finals before being eliminated by Spain. He also played on the France U-19 team making his debut in the opening match of the 2008 Sendaï Cup.

Career statistics

References

External links
 LFP Profile

1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Belfort
Footballers from the Territoire de Belfort
French men's footballers
France men's youth international footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Vannes OC players
En Avant Guingamp players
S.V. Zulte Waregem players
Oud-Heverlee Leuven players
Royal Excel Mouscron players
SL16 FC players
Belgian Pro League players
Challenger Pro League players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
French expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium