The Strand was the BBC World Service's daily arts show. It was launched on Monday 27 October 2008. The last weekday edition was aired on Friday 29 March 2013, and the last weekly summary on the subsequent weekend. It was regularly hosted by Harriett Gilbert, Mark Coles, Audrey Brown - who also presented the BBC's flagship African News and Current Affairs programmes Focus on Africa and Network Africa, Anna McNamee, and Bidisha. The programme's title came from the Strand, a busy street in London close to the World Service's former studios at Bush House on Aldwych.

Format
Harriett Gilbert regularly presented the Monday and Friday editions, as well as (on the first Saturday of every month) the new hour-long version of long-standing BBC World Service programme World Book Club. She said of the new programme: "I'm delighted to be presenting The Strand. As a daily programme, it will be a great position to reveal, explore and debate developments as they happen in the world of the arts – including, of course, the world of literature."

Mark Coles, who previously hosted The Beat and The Ticket on the World Service, is also a music journalist and won the Sony Reporter of the Year Award in 1993.

The first programme featured: Roger Moore talking about his autobiography; a report on the cultural life available to the people of Gaza, in particular what people in Gaza are watching on satellite TV and how it affects their view of the world; a review of AC/DC's album Black Ice; and an interview with Steve McQueen about his film Hunger.

The Strand replaced a number of existing World Service arts programmes such as The Word, The Beat, On Screen, Culture Shock and The Ticket.

Editions were also presented by Lawrence Pollard, Louise Fryer, Rajan Datar, Tim Marlow, and Aminatta Forna.

Arts topics were subsequently integrated into the show Outlook, the duration of which was extended to one hour as of Monday 1 April 2013.

World Book Club
World Book Club, an hour-long programme, occupies some of The Strands slots in the schedule on the first Saturday in each month and during repeats on following days. Some of the "repeats" are a version edited to fit the usual half-hour slots of The Strand. World Book Club was previously a half-hour programme broadcast on the last Tuesday in each month, in the slot of now-defunct book programme The Word.

See also

 World Book Club

References

External links

BBC World Service arts page with listen again facility for the last 7 days' programmes.
Editor's Choice. Listen again to selected older items.
The Strand programme times.
The Strand on Facebook

BBC World Service programmes
2008 radio programme debuts
CBC Radio One programs
2013 radio programme endings


God Bless Your Black Heart is an album by the band The Paper Chase.

Track listing
The album, according to the liner notes, is separated into "entries"

 At the end of the lyrics of "Dying With Decent Music" in the liner notes, there's a blank "entry" that reads; "Final Entry, See You Soon"

References

2004 albums
The Paper Chase (band) albums
Kill Rock Stars albums


That Man in Istanbul (, , ) is a 1965 English-language European international co-production adventure film directed by Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi and starring Horst Buchholz. It was released in the United States by Columbia Pictures. That Man in Istanbul is a eurospy comedy film. Its English-language title is likely a reference to the 1964 eurospy comedy film That Man from Rio.

Plot
After paying a million dollars ransom in used notes for a nuclear scientist abducted in Turkey, the CIA find that they were fobbed off with a double. Refusing to accept defeat, agent Kelly goes on holiday to Istanbul where she meets nightclub owner Tony, who knows all the local underworld. He is excited by the idea of retrieving the million dollars if he can find the scientist and sets to work. Despite losing Kelly, who is also abducted, after many daring adventures and dramatic fights with every possible weapon he eventually ends up on a yacht that holds the scientist, the girl, and the attaché case with the money. Giving the man back to the Americans, he keeps the other two.

Cast

References

External links

1965 films
1960s adventure comedy films
West German films
Spanish spy comedy films
Italian spy comedy films
French spy comedy films
German spy comedy films
Spanish adventure comedy films
Italian adventure comedy films
French adventure comedy films
German adventure comedy films
1960s spy comedy films
Cold War films
Columbia Pictures films
Films directed by Antonio Isasi-Isasmendi
Films set in Istanbul
English-language French films
English-language German films
English-language Italian films
English-language Spanish films
1965 comedy films
1960s English-language films
1960s Italian films
1960s French films
1960s German films


Arnljot Eggen (13 August 1923 – 4 February 2009) was a Norwegian journalist, teacher and poet who also wrote plays and children's books.

Personal life
Eggen was born at Tolga in Hedmark, Norway. He was the son of Eystein Eggen (1886–1973) and Emma Kvernmo (1890–1979). He was raised in the mountain village of Ålen where his  father was a tradesman. He took examen artium in 1944. Further  schooling was interrupted during the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. In 1949 he married nurse Esther Louise Eriksen. He died in Oslo in 2009.

Career
Eggen had plans to become a journalist and held a temporary position  with Østerdølen and Fjell-Ljom. From 1950 he worked as a teacher in primary school, including at Vinstra and in Vardal  later at  Bærum. From  1960 until 1965, he was employed at the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History  in Bygdøy.

He made his literary debut in 1951, with the poetry collection Eld og is. He wrote in both standards of written Norwegian, Bokmål and Nynorsk. He was awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for the children's book Den lange streiken. He received the Melsom Prize in 1971 for the songbook , and again in 1995 for the poetry collection Det flyktige varige. In 1985 he received the Dobloug Prize for his authorship.

In the 1970s he became affiliated with the Workers' Communist Party (now the Red party). He was considered one of the leading left-wing poets in Norway at the time, and was a pioneer of political theatre, the best known play being 1973's Pendlerne. He also had a column in the daily left-wing newspaper Klassekampen.

Awards
Melsom Prize – 1971
Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature – 1981
Dobloug Prize  (Shared with Bergljot Hobæk Haff) – 1985

References

1923 births
2009 deaths
People from Tolga, Norway
Norwegian columnists
Norwegian educators
Norwegian male poets
Norwegian children's writers
20th-century Norwegian poets
Workers' Communist Party (Norway) politicians
Dobloug Prize winners
Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature winners
20th-century Norwegian journalists


Now You Are One Of Us is an album by the American rock band The Paper Chase.

Track listing

References

2006 albums
The Paper Chase (band) albums
Kill Rock Stars albums


Beach kabaddi at the 2008 Asian Beach Games was held from 19 October to 22 October 2008. Competitions were held at the Tanjung Benoa in Bali, Indonesia.

Medalists

Medal table

Results

Men

Preliminaries

Final

Women

Preliminaries

Final

References
 Official site

2008 Asian Beach Games events
2008
Asian


The Tokyo City Cup Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at the beginning of April at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. A Grade III event raced on dirt at a distance of  miles (12 furlongs), it is open to horses aged four and older.

Run as the San Bernardino Handicap prior to 2005, the race's name honors the partnership between Santa Anita Park and Ohi Racecourse in Tokyo, Japan.

The race was open to three-year-olds only in 1957 and for three-year-olds and up from 1958 through 1967. Raced on dirt at  miles from 1957 through 1966  and on turf at  miles from 1967 through 1972 and 1974 through 1978 at which point it switched back to dirt.

Since inception it has been contested at various distances and run on both dirt and turf:
  miles : 1957–1966  on dirt
  miles : 1967–1972, 1974–1978 on turf
  miles : 1979–2007 on dirt
  miles : 2008 on dirt

The Tokyo City Cup Stakes was run in two divisions in 1971 and again in 1974.

Records
Speed  record:
 2:28.79 - Big John B (2016) (at current distance of  miles on dirt)

Most wins:
 3 - Del Mar Dennis (1994, 1995, 1996)

Most wins by a jockey:
 7 - Laffit Pincay, Jr. (1967, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1979, 1985, 1989)

Most wins by a trainer:
 12 - Charles Whittingham (1960, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991)

Most wins by an owner:
 4 - Trudy McCaffery & John Toffan (1994, 1995, 1996, 2002)

Winners

Other North American Marathon races
On dirt:
 Brooklyn Handicap
 Fort Harrod Stakes
 Gallant Man Handicap
 Valedictory Stakes

On turf:
 Canadian International Stakes
 Carleton F. Burke Handicap
 San Juan Capistrano Invitational Handicap

References
 Tokyo City Cup website
 The 2008 Tokyo City Cup at the NTRA

Graded stakes races in the United States
Horse races in California
Flat horse races for four-year-olds
Recurring sporting events established in 1957
Santa Anita Park
1957 establishments in California


Battle of Laagna (; 18 January 1919) took place in Laagna, Estonia, during the Estonian War of Independence with Estonian mariners and Finnish volunteers against the Red Army.

In the morning the Estonians and Finns took Laagna village with a surprise attack and pushed the Red Army out. Against the Estonian mariners and Finnish volunteers (220 men altogether) were two regiments of Red Army infantry, two armoured trains and some cavalry units. The Soviets repeatedly attacked the Estonian and Finnish positions with armored trains but were unable to capture Laagna and were driven back with heavy losses. The Estonian Marines and Finns lost four troops killed, 21 wounded and three captured.

References

Battles of the Estonian War of Independence
Ida-Viru County
1919 in Estonia
January 1919 events
Battles in 1919


Dolphin Entertainment, Inc. is an American entertainment marketing and production company that is located in Coral Gables, Florida. It was founded in 1996 by CEO Bill O’Dowd. Dolphin produces children and young adult-targeted television shows and movies.

Corporate history
The Dolphin Entertainment-produced Nickelodeon television show Zoey 101 was nominated for an "Outstanding Children's Program" Emmy in 2005, with Dolphin's Bill O'Dowd serving as executive producer.

In March 2021, Dolphin Entertainment "formed a new division dedicated to designing, producing, releasing and promoting NFTs for the company and its clients, within the film, TV, music, gaming, foods and technology industries."

In August 2021, Dolphin Entertainment announced a partnership with West Realm Shire Services, owner and operator of FTX.US, to create an NFT marketplace for major sports and entertainment brands.

In March 2022, Dolphin Entertainment entered into a strategic partnership with The Flower Girls, a fine art NFT collection by artist Varvara Alay.

Acquisitions

Company filmography
This includes:
Films
 Break-In (2006)
 Vanished (2006)
 Stranded (2006)
 Shredderman Rules (2007)
 The Last Day of Summer (2007)
 Roxy Hunter and the Mystery of the Moody Ghost (2007)
 Christmas in Paradise (2007)
 Roxy Hunter and the Secret of the Shaman (2008)
 Roxy Hunter and the Myth of the Mermaid (2008)
 Gym Teacher: The Movie (2008)
 The Unquiet (2008)
 Roxy Hunter and the Horrific Halloween (2008)
 Spectacular! (2009)
 What's Up Warthogs! (2010)
 Justin Bieber's Believe (2013)
 Max Steel (2016)

Series
 Ocean Ave. (2002–2003)
 Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide (2004–2007)
 Zoey 101 (2005–2008)
 Tower Prep (2010)
 Aim High (2011–2013)
 H+: The Digital Series (2012–2013)
 Raising Expectations (2016–2018)

References

External links

Film production companies of the United States
Companies based in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Mass media companies established in 1996


Sayula may refer to:

Sayula, Jalisco, Mexico, birthplace of novelist Juan Rulfo
Sayula de Alemán, Veracruz, Mexico, birthplace of President Miguel Alemán Valdés
Sayula Popoluca, a language spoken in Sayula de Alemán
 Sayula II, a Swan 65 yacht designed by Sparkman & Stephens


The 2001 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Munich, Germany and was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 30 April through 6 May 2001. Unseeded Jiří Novák won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Jiří Novák defeated  Antony Dupuis 6–4, 7–5
 It was Novák's 2nd title of the year and the 17th of his career.

Doubles

 Petr Luxa /  Radek Štěpánek defeated  Jaime Oncins /  Daniel Orsanic 5–7, 6–2, 7–6(7–5)
 It was Luxa's only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Štěpánek's 2nd title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official website
 ATP tournament profile

BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships


Nyantika Maiyoro  (1931 – 24 February 2019) was a Kenyan long-distance runner.

Biography

Maiyoro attended Nyakegogi Primary School but dropped out after five years to concentrate on his athletics career. He was coached by the paramount chief Musa Nyandusi. He won the 3000 m race at the 1953 Indian Ocean Games in Madagascar, despite having started the race late and joined it when other runners had run more than 100 metres.

He then competed at the 1954 Commonwealth Games, the first major international championships that Kenya participated in. He was fourth in the three miles race. At the 1956 Summer Olympics he finished 7th in the 5000 m race. He competed at the 1958 Commonwealth games, but did not perform very well. Two years later, at the 1960 Summer Olympics he was 6th in the 5000 m race. His time of 13:52.8 minutes was a new African record. He retired from running in 1964.

After retirement, Maiyoro worked as a Nyamira District Sports Officer and later a Gusii Stadium manager. Later, he retired to his farm, located in the Borabu District, which was donated to him by the then-president Jomo Kenyatta. After the 1954 Commonwealth Games he was also given a house (at Gusii Stadium) by Senior Chief Musa Nyandusi. After he retired from his job as a stadium manager, the house was seized by the Gusii municipal council, who claimed that the house was allocated to him only as a housing benefit while he was working for the council as a stadium manager. However, after the issue was highlighted by the Kenyan media, the Prime minister Raila Odinga ordered the house to be returned to Maiyoro.

He had two wives (Mogute and Pasticha) and 14 children. Maiyoro, who ran for Kenya under colonial times, was awarded a MBE honour.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Kenyan male long-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Kenya
Members of the Order of the British Empire
21st-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Kenya
Commonwealth Games competitors for Kenya


The Pleasure Girls is a1965 British drama film directed by Gerry O'Hara and starring Francesca Annis, Ian McShane and Klaus Kinski.

Plot
When Sally moves to London to pursue a modelling career, she moves in with Angela and Dee and discovers the world of the carefree "bachelor girl" in the Swinging London of the 1960s. Over one weekend – filled with parties, blossoming friendships, and romantic encounters with Keith and Nikko – the vivacious women learn about life's pleasures and pains.

Cast
 Francesca Annis as Sally
 Ian McShane as Keith Dexter
 Klaus Kinski as Nikko Stalmar
 Tony Tanner as Paddy
 Mark Eden as Prinny
 Suzanna Leigh as Dee
 Anneke Wills as Angela
 Rosemary Nicols as Marion
 Carol Cleveland as Ella
 Peter Diamond as Rat-Face
 Tony Doonan as Reilly
 Colleen Fitzpatrick as Cobber
 Hugh Futcher as Pablo
 Hal Hamilton as Peter 'E'-Type
 Jonathan Hansen as Ivor
 Yvonne Antrobus as Waitress
 David Graham as 1st Gambler
 Julian Holloway as Hanger-on
 Brian Cant as Man in pub (uncredited)

Production
The film was based on a script by Gerry O'Hara. Film producer Raymond Stross liked the dialogue of one of O'Hara's other scripts and asked to read anything else the writer-director had. Stross suggested O'Hara write something set in Chelsea, so he wrote his script "A Time and a Place", which became The Pleasure Girls.

In a 2010 interview O'Hara said: "Probably our biggest star was Klaus Kinski, who got £900 for 10 days work in the film, just before he went off to appear in Dr. Zhivago. The entire shoot was only 20 days. It was shot in a house in Kensington; we didn’t have the money for a studio. Plus, it made the whole thing that much more realistic. Michael Reed shot it; he was very fast, very good. [...] I hated the title, and I hated the title music. It had nothing to do with the film! But they didn’t consult me about it, so that’s what happened. Still, I think the movie is rather good."

Release

Reception
On the film's release Kine Weekly said: "This is very nearly a very good film, but it lacks the essential fullness of construction. However with the aid of a title that promises more than the story provides, it should please quite a large public. [...] Points of appeal: sex, pretty girls, saucy title and quota ticket".

Variety reviewed the film as "Slim, superficial yarn about young femme problems amid the bight lights; familiar situations, but some fair budding talent and occasional crisp direction of a routine pic".

Sight and Sound wrote: "The London portrayed here is in transition and full of contradictions; we're on the cusp of the permissive Swinging 60s, and there are new freedoms for bachelor girls sharing a flat. At the same time, the old hierarchies are still in place – 'nice' girls don't have sex before marriage.  [...] It's a fascinating social document and is less dated than might be expected. Some of the dialogue may now grate a little but there is menace and intensity to the storytelling."

Leslie Halliwell said: "The road to ruin sixties style, hackneyed but quite well observed."

David Parkinson in The Radio Times Guide to Films gave the film 2/5 stars, writing: "This attempt to show the problems facing a young model in the Swinging Sixties is an exasperating effort from writer/director Gerry O'Hara, who seems to think that incessant references to sexual freedom are enough to sustain a paper-thin story about the ever-changing relationships od Francesca Annis and her flatmates. The script strains every sinew to be gear and fab."

DVD and Blu-ray release
The film was published in dual format edition (containing both DVD & Blu-ray on the one disc) by the BFI. It was released as part of the "Flipside" strand. It was produced in an alternative export cut (Blu-ray only) and export version scenes (DVD only).

References

External links

 The Pleasure Girls at ReelStreets.

1965 films
1965 drama films
British drama films
British black-and-white films
Films directed by Gerry O'Hara
Films scored by Malcolm Lockyer
1960s English-language films
1960s British films


The winners of the 1999–2000 Asian Cup Winners' Cup, the association football competition run by the Asian Football Confederation, are listed below.

First round

West Asia

|}
1 Al Arabi withdrew

East Asia

|}

Second round

West Asia

|}

East Asia

|}
1 Sembawang Rangers withdrew before 1st leg

Quarterfinals

West Asia

|}
1 Al Ahli withdrew for the semifinals, and were replaced by Navbahor Namangan; Al Ahli were banned for one year from Asian club competitions.

East Asia

|}

Semifinals

Third place match

Final

References
 Asian Cup Winners Cup 2000

Asian Cup Winners' Cup
2
2


The Yuan-Tseh Lee Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy, also known as the Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy (AMiBA), is a radio telescope designed to observe the cosmic microwave background and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in clusters of galaxies.

After completion of the SZE campaigns, the telescope has been repurposed to study the evolution of molecular gas throughout the history of the Universe.  It is now referred to as the Yuan-Tseh Lee Array (YTLA).

It is located on Mauna Loa in Hawaii, at  above sea level.

AMiBA was originally configured as a 7-element interferometer atop a hexapod mount. Observations at a wavelength of 3 mm (86–102 GHz) started in October 2006, and the detections of six clusters by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect were announced in 2008. In 2009 the telescope was upgraded to 13 elements, and it is capable of further expansion to 19 elements. AMiBA is the result of a collaboration between the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the National Taiwan University and the Australia Telescope National Facility, and also involves researchers from other universities.

Design

AMiBA was initially configured as a 7-element interferometer, using 0.576 m Cassegrain dishes mounted on a 6 m carbon fibre hexapod mount. It is located on Mauna Loa, Hawaii, and observes at 3 mm (86–102 GHz) to minimize foreground emission from other, non-thermal sources. The telescope has a retractable shelter, made from seven steel trusses and PVC fabric.

The receivers are based on monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology, with low-noise amplifiers cooled to 15 K, which have 20 GHz bandwidths and provide 46 dB of amplification. The signals are mixed with a local oscillator to reduce their frequency, prior to correlation with an analog correlator. The system temperatures are between 55 and 75 K.

AMiBA started in 2000, with funding for 4 years from the Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics Project of the Taiwan Ministry of Education. A 2-element prototype was set up on Mauna Loa in 2002. Further funding for a second 4 years was provided by the National Science Council. The mount arrived on site in 2004, and the platform was installed in 2005. The first 7 elements were then installed ("AMiBA7"), and the telescope's first light was in September 2006, observing Jupiter. The telescope was dedicated in October 2006 to Yuan-Tseh Lee. The array was upgraded to have thirteen 1.2 m dishes in 2009 ("AMiBA13").  After extensive testing and calibration, scientific observations resumed in 2011.  It is further expandable up to 19 elements.

SZE Observations
The primary goal of AMiBA is to observe both the temperature and polarization anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background at multipoles between 800 and 8,000 (corresponding to between 2 and 20 arcminutes on the sky), as well as observing the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in clusters of galaxies, which has a maximum decrement around 100 GHz. In its initial configuration, it measures up to multipoles of 3,000 with a resolution of around 6 arcminutes. The telescope only observes at night during good weather, using planets for calibration.

Six clusters were imaged in 2007: the Abell clusters 1689, 1995, 2142, 2163, 2261 and 2390, which have redshifts between 0.091 and 0.322. For the largest and brightest four of these—Abell 1689, 2261, 2142 and 2390—comparisons were made with X-ray and Subaru weak lensing data to study the cluster layout and radial properties, specifically of the mass profiles and baryon content.

13-element results from the YTLA were published in this paper.

Intensity Mapping of Molecular Gas
The YTLA has been repurposed with the goal of detection and characterization of molecular gas at high redshift through the technique of intensity mapping.  Molecular gas, which is primarily in the form of the hydrogen molecule H2, is the material from which stars form.  Understanding the gas content and evolution throughout the history of the Universe informs astronomers about the processes of star formation and galaxy growth.  Unfortunately, cold H2 is not easily detectable.  Carbon monoxide (CO) is commonly used as a tracer of H2.

The YTLA uses the technique of intensity mapping (IM) to study molecular gas.  Rather than attempting to detect individual, distant and faint galaxies directly, the YTLA measures the statistical properties of many galaxies over a very large volume.  Although it is much smaller than powerful telescopes such as ALMA and the VLA, the YTLA can provide critical and unique information on galaxy evolution.  The intensity mapping technique is used over a wide range of wavelengths to study the distant Universe.

An upgrade of analog and digital infrastructure at the YTLA was necessary to enable IM.  In particular, a digital correlator based on CASPER technology and the ASIAA-developed 5 GS/s sampler was developed.  The digital correlator produces 2 x 2 GHz bandwidth in each of two polarizations for 7 antennas.

Collaboration
AMiBA is the result of a collaboration between the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the National Taiwan University and the Australia Telescope National Facility. It also involves researchers from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, the University of Hawaii, the University of Bristol, Nottingham Trent University, the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics and the Carnegie-Mellon University.

See also
 List of astronomical observatories

References

Mauna Loa
Cosmic microwave background experiments
Astronomical observatories in Hawaii


Symantec Online Backup is an online remote backup service that provides businesses with a system for backing up and storing computer files over the Internet.  It was released in February, 2008 on the Symantec Protection Network platform.

Symantec Online Backup is an example of cloud computing or SaaS (software as a service).

Sales for Symantec Online Backup were discontinued as of January 2010.

See also

 Symantec Backup Exec - on-premises backup and recovery software for small to medium enterprises

References

External links
 Symantec Online Backup details

Backup software


Tavolevo River, a tributary of the Biobío River.  in Chile. It has two tributaries the Culenco River flowing southeast from the Nahuelbuta Range in the Catirai region and the Nicodahue River that flows north from the La Araucanía Region and its two tributaries the Esperanza and Maitenrehue Rivers that all originate northwest of Angol.  It is sometimes considered part of the Nicodahue River.
The Tavolevo flows into the Bio Bio fifty kilometers beyond the confluence of the Nicodahue and Culenco Rivers and seven kilometers to the north of Nacimiento.  Immediately downstream from its mouth was the location of the old fort of Espirito Santo and on its banks significant placer gold deposits. The river was navigable by flatboats up to nine kilometers above its confluence with the Bio Bio. Its Mapudungun name meant confluence (from thavun, to join itself, and from leuvu, river).

References

Sources
  Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, D. Appleton y Compania, Nueva York, 1899, Pg. 802 Tavolevo — Rio de

Rivers of Chile
Rivers of Biobío Region
Rivers of Araucanía Region


Chehalem may refer to:

Geographic
Chehalem Mountains, a mountain range named for a band of the Atfalati people
Chehalem Creek, a tributary of the Willamette River
Chehalem Gap, the former name of Rex, Oregon
Chehalem Mountains AVA, an American Viticultural Area
Chehalem, Oregon, an unincorporated community in Washington County, 4 miles southwest of Sherwood, Oregon
Chehalem, Oregon, a historical name for Newberg, Oregon
Chehalem Valley, the valley formed by Chehalem Creek
West Chehalem, Oregon, a former community in Yamhill County, 5 miles northwest of Newberg, Oregon

Other
Chehalem Airpark, a private airport in Yamhill County
Chehalem blackberry, a cultivar of the blackberry, also known as 'Chehalem'
Chehalem Elementary School in the Beaverton School District
Chehalem Mountain Heliport, a heliport in Washington County
Chehalem (winery), a winery in the Chehalem Mountains AVA
Chehalem Valley Middle School in the Newberg School District


She Fought Alone is a 1995 American television film directed by Christopher Leitch. The film, which is based on a true story, stars Tiffani-Amber Thiessen and Brian Austin Green, who were known for Saved by the Bell and Beverly Hills, 90210 respectively, at the time of release. It was released on Region 2 DVD in 2000 and Region 1 in 2004.

Plot
Caitlin Rose is a shy and bullied 17-year-old in the new town of Lockhart, Illinois. She is not very well known at her school, but with the help of her best friend, she is accepted into the popular group at school, known as The Crew. While partying one night, she bonds with Ethan, and  eventually she's sleeping with him while being secretly watched by his best friend, Jace. Acting under peer pressure, she soon starts to rebel, neglecting school and getting into trouble. A lot of the teachers are bothered by their behavior, complaining to administrators that they get away with everything, but to no avail.

While at the movies one night, Caitlin finds out Ethan is dating another girl. Upset, she confronts him. Trying to keep up a tough image, he claims they were never serious, but she responds that she sees right through him before leaving. Back at home, she receives a visit from Jace, who lies his way into her home by saying that he wants to comfort her. Inside, he tries to kiss her, but when she refuses, he rapes her while her little sister listens through the door, unaware that her sister is being assaulted.

The next day, she distances herself from everyone, not wanting to talk to her mother. When Avon demands to know what happened last night, Caitlin admits that Jace raped her. However, Avon doesn't believe Caitlin, claiming that she probably seduced him. Feeling betrayed, she leaves home, only to be told the same by her friends. She directly accuses Jace of rape, but nobody believes her, and the rest of Caitlin's friends soon turn their back on her. Determined to prove she is not lying, she goes to the hospital for an examination, but the doctors can't find any sign of rape because of the fact she was already sexually active before being raped. Nevertheless, Avon decides to believe her and offers to press charges, but Caitlin responds she just wants to forget everything that happened.

She is soon troubled with nightmares, and at school, people start bullying her. At first, she considers dropping out, but she soon realizes she could be able to stop it by winning over Ethan's trust. She is unable to, however, and the harassing continues. This results in Caitlin getting into a fight with another girl, Hanna, who is subsequently suspended, not only for fighting Caitlin and writing graffiti, but also for arguing with a teacher. Her mother threatens to go to the mass media, which angers the principal. Trying to prevent the school from getting a bad reputation, she suspends Ethan and Jace from two football games. As revenge for the suspension, the group lure Caitlin into an abandoned house and assault her, cutting off her hair as a "punishment". However, Ethan sees how scared she is and lets her go. Devastated, Caitlin decides to fight back, calling an investigator the next day, and the two begin collecting evidence and preparing to sue the school.

Meanwhile, Jace reveals to Ethan that he indeed raped Caitlin. Stunned by this revelation, Ethan makes amends with Caitlin. Feeling betrayed by his best friend, Jace starts vandalizing Ethan's property and car. Ethan picks up Caitlin, ready to flee the town, but they are stopped by the rest of The Crew. During the ensuing commotion, a knife fight breaks out between Ethan and Jace, which ends with Jace being stabbed in the leg, after which Ethan leaves with Caitlin. A court trial follows, during which the school district promises to update its policies. Jace testifies he will never play college football because of muscle damage sustained in the knife fight, and that he's ready to move on with his life and go to a state college. Caitlin leaves town for college, but expresses hope of one day returning to see Ethan and her friend Abby, who is pregnant with Jace's baby by rape.

Cast
 Tiffani-Amber Thiessen as Caitlin Rose
 Brian Austin Green as Ethan
 Isabella Hofmann as Avon Rose
 David Lipper as Jace
 Maureen Flannigan as Abby
 Keith MacKechnie as Aaron
 Jessie Robertson as Junie Rose

International titles
 Brazil - Luta Solitária
 France - L'Affront
 Germany - Mißbrauchte Träume
 Greece - Μόνη απέναντι στο ψέμα
 Norway - Ensom kamp
 Portugal - Só Contra Tudo
 Spain - Sola contra todos
 Italy - La ragazza di tutti

References

External links

 Movie trailer

1995 television films
1995 films
1995 crime drama films
American crime drama films
Films set in Illinois
NBC network original films
Films about rape
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Christopher Leitch
1990s American films


Inglewood Cottage is a Gothic Revival villa, built c. 1850, located at 150 Bethlehem Pike, in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  It was designed by famed American architect Thomas Ustick Walter, Fourth Architect of the U.S. Capitol, and built by Cephas Childs, a prominent Philadelphia lithographer and director of the Chestnut Hill Railroad.  The home was among the first summer cottages built in and around Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the mid to late 19th century for wealthy Center City Philadelphians.

The home was owned for many years by John Story Jenks, a prosperous dry goods merchant, for whom the Philadelphia School District named The John Story Jenks Elementary School.  Jenks's summer home, Inglewood, is adjacent to Inglewood Cottage in the same compound.  Inglewood is a large Georgian Revival home designed, in its present form, by the architectural firm of Cope & Stewardson.

Jenks's daughter, Mary, and son-in-law, Joseph S. Lovering, and their family lived in the compound throughout much of the 20th century.  Inglewood Cottage passed from Lovering family ownership in 1986, Inglewood in 1991.

Inglewood Cottage was modified greatly over the years, mostly by the Lovering family.  It was enlarged and altered extensively in 1900 and 1906, by the architectural firm of Kennedy, Hays, & Kelsey, when a new dining room and kitchen were added.  The 1906 addition and alterations were carried out by the contracting firm of George S. Roth & Sons.  Later alterations included the addition of a solarium on the house's west side, a butler's pantry, gardener's privy, enclosed porch and balcony on the east side, and a garage and potting shed detached structure on the southeast corner of the grounds.

The present configuration of the home consists of six bedrooms (three on the second floor and three, including a large nursery, on the third); three full and two half baths (with high-tank toilets, clawfoot tubs, and period nickel-plated plumbing); two second-floor exterior balconies (one Juliette style); dressing room; library; den; parlor; solarium; breakfast room; dining room with built-in china storage; seven fireplaces (including four wood-burning, two coal-burning, and one gas log); a Franklin wood stove; period gourmet kitchen with original fir cabinets, seven-burner range, built-in refrigeration, and drawer dishwashers; wine storage cellar; cedar-lined closets; and a walk-in linen closet.

The home has undergone extensive restoration since 2004.  It is currently owned by the Cristofanilli family originally from Rome, Italy.

References

External links

Inglewood Cottage at the Chestnut Hill Historical Society Naylor Collection
Chestnut Hill Revisited
Chestnut Hill
Inglewood at the Bryn Mawr Collection
John Story Jenks School

Gothic Revival architecture in Pennsylvania
Houses in Philadelphia
Thomas U. Walter buildings
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia


Wera Tools is the popular name for tool manufacturer Wera Werkzeuge GmbH (formally   Wera Werk Hermann Werner GmbH & Co KG) of Wuppertal, Germany. It was founded in 1936. Wera Tools is known for its slogan “Be A Tool Rebel” which can be found on the packaging of many of their products.

Corporate structure
Wera Tools is a global tool manufacturer.  Its global headquarters and European sales team is based in Wuppertal, Germany. Wera has two wholly owned regional subsidiaries: in the United Kingdom (based in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England) and North America (based in Ontario, Canada), where it is known as Wera Tools Inc. Outside of these areas, the company operates through a network of sales agents and wholesalers. Wera is a privately held company and employs more than 750 people. The company was fully acquired in 2016 by Bitburger Holding.

Wera Tools designs and manufactures more than 3,000 tools for both manual and power tool applications at its German headquarters and its factories in the Czech Republic and in Taïwan.

Product categories and brands
Wera products include screwdrivers, screwdriver bits, ratchets and sockets, nut-spinners and L-keys.

Wera is known for its line of screwdrivers featuring the distinctive Kraftform shape handle. This design is based around the contours of the hand during screwdriver use, and uses a specifically designed combination of ergonomic soft zones and smooth, hard zones. The distinctive 'crowns' from this handle are used as part of the Wera logo.

Other key Wera developments and well-known brands include:

Joker Ratchet spanners with a nut holding feature
 IMPAKTOR screwdriver bit system for cordless impact drivers, utilising TriTorsion and Diamond technology for longer life
 BiTorsion screwdriver bits
 Rapidaptor bit holders
 The Hex-Plus screw profile (prevents rounding out when compared with the traditional hex profile)
 Zyklop multi-function ratchet and sockets
 The Koloss, a ratchet that can also be used as a hammer
 The Chiseldriver, a screwdriver that can be used as a chisel and hit with a hammer whilst remaining fully usable as a precision screwdriver
 Kraftform Kompakt tools, kits consisting of bit holders or bit-holding handles and a selection of screwdriver bits or blades, supplied in a hard case or soft belt pouch
 Wera Stainless, a range of tools manufactured from stainless steel that is tough enough to be used in tough industrial and commercial applications, thanks to a unique manufacturing process. This range solves several aesthetic and material problems associated with using conventional (carbon) steel tools with stainless steel fixings and fasteners.

Awards

Design Award Winner:

Product Design:
 1997, 2009, 2012 and 2013: (Discipline Product): iF Product Design Award
 2015 (Discipline Packaging): iF Product Design Award
 2015 (Discipline Packaging - gold): iF Product Design Award
 2010: red dot design award
 2014: red dot design award

Communication Design:
 2014: red dot design award
 2015. German Design Award

Award for innovation:
 2007:  Top Innovator.

References

External links
  (German)
 Official UK website
 Official North American website

German brands
Companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia
Manufacturing companies established in 1936
Tool manufacturing companies of Germany
Automotive tool manufacturers
Fastening tool manufacturers
Multi-tool manufacturers
Tool brands
Torque tool manufacturers
German companies established in 1936
Wuppertal


The 2002 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Munich, Germany and was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. The tournament was held from 29 April until 5 May 2002. Sixth-seeded Younes El Aynaoui won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Younes El Aynaoui defeated  Rainer Schüttler 6–4, 6–4
 It was El Aynaoui's 3rd title of the year and the 5th of his career.

Doubles

 Petr Luxa /  Radek Štěpánek defeated  Petr Pála /  Pavel Vízner 6–0, 6–7(4–7), [11–9]
 It was Luxa's only title of the year and the 2nd of his career. It was Štěpánek's only title of the year and the 5th of his career.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official website
 ATP tournament profile

BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships
BMW Open
BMW Open


Christian Jiménez Bundo (born 2 July 1988 in Barcelona), known professionally as Porta, is a Spanish rapper. He achieved his initial popularity primarily over the Internet, distributing his music directly to fans on social media networks rather than relying on traditional record labels. His 2006 demo No es Cuestión de Edades ("It's not a matter of age") followed by No Hay Truco ("There is no Trick [to it]") in 2007 quickly became underground hits with record-breaking downloads. Porta rose to mainstream popularity with his first studio album En Boca de Tantos ("Talked About by So Many"), released in 2008 by Universal Music Group. Trastorno Bipolar ("Bipolar Disorder") was released in 2009 but failed to match the success of En Boca de Tantos. Porta separated himself from UMG in August 2011 after mounting disagreements. He released Reset on 7 May 2012 after signing with PIAS Spain. The album was a widespread success with positive public reception. Algo ha Cambiado ("Something's Changed") was released on 10 June 2014 in physical format in Spain and digitally worldwide. No Hay Truco remains Porta's most downloaded album.

Musical career

2006-2008: Beginnings and popularity
When he joined Lebuqe. In March 2006 Porta launch their first LP under the name is not a matter of age produced and recorded at Soma Studios Lebuqe.5 This model was published in April under Creative Commons license on multiple pages web of free downloads, including MySpace.4 is 6 Recording harvest in few days a lot of downloads, 3 reaching the number 1 position in HHGroups7 to get five million downloads and gained fame  Spain. There was much controversy for many of his lyrics. In the song "Las niñas de hoy en día son todas unas..." Porta describes women as "easy" generating much controversy. With "Cosas de la vida" Porta a new era begins trying to ingest love rap, which was criticized by those who like only Rap Hardcore but was greeted positively by good words and feelings it conveys. Porta also belonged to a rap group called "Rap Comando" which had as members a Porta, DJ Datz, h0lynaight, and Bazzel Chus. Porta participated in the Ready to give the blow that never came to light that year although some issues of this EP, songs like "Sobran las presentaciones" and "Mas que un sentimiento" out model.

No hay truco was launched in January 2007, and quickly gained more than 5 million downloads thus removing the first position to its first LP called "No es cuestión de edades". Just a few months later, his Myspace profile becomes the second space themed musical that most visited portal on Spain.5 Its two LP have received more than 13 million downloads and profile has been viewed more than 20 million times. Until today "No Hay Truco" is the most downloaded LP in the history of rap . With the great success of their second LP, the controversy surrounding Porta grew even more, especially when I was called no catch as best model of the year. Although Porta always said he did not have to be taken very seriously his lyrics about women, he was not a macho man, who only made the song because it was something that was happening at the time, but still was attacked by the National Institute Women .
In the eighth song from the album, "Las chicas unas guarras, pero los tíos unos cerdos" strikes again women by treating of "easy " . This topic was the support of the rapper "May" on the contrary said that men were " perverts " . Aside from all the success they had achieved Porta generated considerable success to exceed 20 million views with his song "Hay Siempre Un Sentimiento Muerto En Un Corazon Roto" Another song that also generated a great success in the model and announced a world called Porta Dragon Ball Rap, this song was based on the series and how important it was for him. The video quickly became the third most watched video in the history of Spain in YouTube with over 50 million views. . Its popularity in the network opens new opportunities and is worth a record deal with Universal Music, who signed in November 2007.5 Universal Music is known as the home of some of the best rappers such as Eminem and Jay Z.

2008-2009: En boca de tantos
In February 2008, Porta was again embroiled in controversy when the rumor that Porta had died of an overdose had spread across the network. In response to that an angry Porta launched as the opening theme song of her album "Resurrección" , which says that the more famous older were acquired envy and criticism when the music was still the same . That same year would have some clashes with some rappers especially against Aloy, who later face .

Their first album, En boca de tantos, was released on 19 February 2008 . He was received by critics positively and scored notable commercial success. It reached its second week the first position in the list of album sales in Spain and certified gold record (more than one million copies sold), having several singles that brought fame and success to the album, as "En boca de tantos", "Aprecia lo que tienes", "Sin ti" among others. Also includes the song all against me, in which he makes derogatory comments against rappers like Cadierno, Genioh, Cíniko, Heartbeat Catalan, Black -G, Raphael, Boby.PRO, Aloy, Versatile, El Kapo, Shotta, Santé and The Poet, among others. The video of the song that gives title track won the Sun Music Award for best music video at the Festival de Málaga, earning 10 million views.11 . Porta has achieved notable success with their models but this time it has been shown that is always going to beat himself getting more than 20 million Plays with her song "Sin ti" and more than 5 million to "Aprecia lo que tienes" . But not on this CD lacked the controversy ; Porta released a song with the name "El Fin del Mundo" generating much controversy but still got over 6 million views, thus obtaining a deserved Gold Record.Between March and May 2008, published a series of MySpace a series of 10 chapters devoted to Porta, this is the first series of Spanish production that appears in this network social.12 13 Getting a surprising success fulfilling the objective was to know more Porta. As a result, he gained new fans, achieving promotion PlayStation and Universal for the series . Later part of MTV's Europe Music Award which was held that year in England in the city of Liverpool being among the 5 finalists . Porta acted in concert "MTV Day" at the Palais des Sports stadium in Madrid in front of 30 000 people. That same day shared the stage with one of the best rock bands called Maroon 5. A biography of rapper Barcelona is edited with the title in June of that year, "Bounce" by Perez Sabia, Alba and Antunez, Juan Manuel in "Ediciones Martínez Roca". It was a limited edition that came out in 2008 alone, and all copies were sold in one week.

2009-2010: Trastorno bipolar
The second job Carrier saw fame with a theme created 6 October 2009 and was titled Trastorno Bipolar where talking about the infighting between his Porta and Christian and the problems that people had where I was very successful on all for his topic "La bella y la bestia" with over 50 million views on YouTube for his song "Espejismos" with nearly 8 million views on YouTube with his song " Trastorno Bipolar " that had 4 million views but also had controversial by his song " Confesiones" which criticizes implying that God is an atheist.
The 24 August 2011, announced on his Facebook page that he had received the letter of freedom of Universal. Under his new record label, PIAS Spain. Since that year he starred campaign Energy Sistem .

2012: Reset
On 7 May 2012 he released his third full-length album, entitled "Reset" achieving win the award for best rap album, hip- hop and urban music. The music disc frame shows the word "reboot ", which speaks of his artistic life and the" mistakes " he has committed, and start to fix them, before putting an end to his career rather restart. In MC Dj joaking collaborate, Skiller Zone, Soma, Jack, ZPU, David Trotsky, Shinoflow, Abram, h0lynaight, Isusko, Samo, SBRV, Fado, Chus, Gema, Dan, Eude, Aid, Genioh, Eneyser, Yesh, Xenon, Mr Currice, Mowlihawk, RM Endecah & Easter. It features 17 tracks, all these recorded, mixed and mastered at Studio Lebuqe.

2014: Algo ha cambiado
On 11 June 2014 he released his fourth studio LP album titled "Algo ha cambiado" where he says he has changed his personality. This record has the collaborations of MC Gema, Eude, Isusko, Belen Alarcon, Holynigth and Eddie MV. It includes 13 tracks, all of them recorded, mixed and mastered in Lebuque Studios

Demo tapes
Sin prisa pero sin pausa (Slowly but surely) (Never published)
Dispuesto a dar el golpe (Ready to give the coup) (Never published)
No es cuestión de edades (It's not a matter of age) (2006)
No hay truco (There's no trick) (2007)

Studio albums
En boca de tantos (In the Mouth of Many) (2008) Universal
Trastorno bipolar (Bipolar disorder) (2009) Universal
Reset (2012, PIAS España) RR
Algo ha cambiado (2014, PIAS España) RR
Equilibrio (2016, Sin Anestesia)

Videography
"Yo soy Porta" (I am Porta) 2008.
"En boca de tantos" (In the mouth of many) 2008.
"Sobre el famoso tema" (About the famous theme) (with the apparition h0lyanight/Naiara) 2008.
"Dragon Ball Rap" 2008.
"Sé tú mismo" (Be yourself) 2009.
"Espejismos" (Mirages) 2009.
"Segundos fuera" (Seconds out (feat. Santaflow, Norykko, Eneyser and Curri C) (2009).
"Trastorno bipolar" (Bipolar disorder) feat. Christian, 2009.
"Nota de suicidio" (Suicide note) feat. Soma, 2009.
"La bella y la bestia" (The beauty and the beast) feat. Norykko, 2009.
"Voces en mi interior" feat. Santaflow 2009.
"Palabras mudas" (Mute words) feat. Gema, 2012.
"Etiquetas" (Tags) 2012.
"Tras el cristal" (2014)
"Equilibrio" (2016)
"Bruce Wayne" (2017)

See also
 Spanish hip hop

References

External links

1988 births
Spanish male rappers
Living people


The 2003 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Munich, Germany and was part of the International Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 28 April through 4 May 2003. First-seeded Roger Federer won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Roger Federer defeated  Jarkko Nieminen 6–1, 6–4
 It was Federer's 3rd title of the year and the 13th of his career.

Doubles

 Wayne Black /  Kevin Ullyett defeated  Joshua Eagle /  Jared Palmer 6–3, 7–5
 It was Black's only title of the year and the 14th of his career. It was Ullyett's only title of the year and the 20th of his career.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official website
 ATP Tournament Profile

BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships
BMW Open
BMW Open


Thomas Ogden Osborn (August 11, 1832 – March 27, 1904) was an American lawyer, soldier, and diplomat who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was also the U.S. Minister to Argentina from 1874 to 1885.

Early life and career
Thomas Osborn was born near the rural village of Jersey in Licking County, Ohio. In 1854 he graduated from Ohio University at Athens. Osborn studied law in Crawfordsville, Indiana, under future Civil War general Lew Wallace and moved to Chicago, where he established a law practice in 1858.

Civil War service
After the start of the war, Osborn became the lieutenant colonel of the 39th Illinois Infantry on October 11, 1861, and was promoted to colonel the following year on January 1. He led the regiment in several campaigns and battles in the Eastern Theater.

Osborn and his command saw action in the 1862 Valley Campaign against Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, participating in the Battle of Port Republic on June 9. From July until September 1863, Osborn took part in Union operations against Charleston, South Carolina, including attacks on Fort Wagner and Fort Sumter.

In 1864, Osborn commanded the 1st Brigade, 1st Division of the XXIV Corps of the Army of the James. Osborn was badly wounded at the Battle of Drewry's Bluff on May 14, 1864, when a musket ball shattered his right elbow and lodged in his arm. He stayed in the hospital until September before being released for duty. In December, he had recovered enough to report for duty. However, he suffered from ankylosis of the injured elbow for the rest of his life.

During the Siege of Petersburg in 1864 into 1865, Osborn led a brigade in the XXIV Corps. He was brevetted to the rank of brigadier general on March 10, 1865.

On April 2, 1865, Osborn's command was instrumental in the capture of Fort Gregg during the Union breakthrough, and he brevetted to major general to rank from that date. He was promoted to brigadier general in the United States Volunteers on May 1, 1865, and led the 1st Division of the XXIV Corps from May 2 – July 8. Osborn resigned from the Army on September 28.

Postbellum career
Osborn returned to his legal practice in Chicago, engaged in several business ventures, and he also held several federally appointed positions. He was elected as the treasurer of Cook County, Illinois, serving from 1867 until 1869. He entered the State Department in 1874 after receiving a presidential appointment as the U.S. Minister to Argentina. He served in Buenos Aires until 1885. He was significant involved in the negotiations to the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina.<ref>See Los esfuerzos de la diplomacia norteamericana para obtener la ratificación del Tratado de 1881:
"Los respectivos signatarios deberíamos expresar, en este acto y en el nombre de sus respectivos gobiernos, el profundo aprecio hacia la benévola asistencia con la que sus Excelencias, los Ministros de Estados Unidos acreditados en la República Argentina y en la de Chile, el mayor general Thomas O. Osborn y Mr. Thomas A. Osborn, contribuyeron a las negociaciones que llevaron al acuerdo definitivo y que ha sido firmado gracias a ellos"'''</ref>

In the spring of 1904, Osborn died in Washington, D.C., after suffering for ten hours from a massive cerebral hemorrhage that paralyzed him.

He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

See also

List of American Civil War generals (Union)
List of Ohio's American Civil War generals

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press, 2001, .
 Heidler, David S., and Heidler, Jeanne T., eds., Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, W. W. Norton & Company, 2000, .
 U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
 Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Blue: The Lives of the Union Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1964, .
 Welsh, Jack D., Medical Histories of Union Generals'', Kent State University Press, 2005, .

External links
  Retrieved 2008-10-21

Union Army generals
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
People from Licking County, Ohio
Lawyers from Chicago
Ohio University alumni
Ambassadors of the United States to Argentina
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1832 births
1904 deaths
19th-century American diplomats


Peter George Oliver Freund (7 September 1936, Timișoara – 6 March 2018, Chicago) was a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Chicago. He made important contributions to particle physics and string theory. He was also active as a writer.

Biography
Peter George Oliver Freund was born, raised and educated in the Romanian city of Timișoara, where he attended the Politehnica University of Timișoara. Because of his participation in an anti-Soviet demonstration in November 1956, Freund was arrested by the communist security police, the Securitate, and lined up with other students between a wall and a line of tanks, essentially an armored firing squad, which, in the reigning confusion, did not fire.

In 1959 he managed to leave Romania. Freund obtained his PhD in theoretical physics at the University of Vienna, with Walter Thirring as his thesis adviser. Since 1965 Freund was on the faculty of the University of Chicago. He lived in Chicago with his wife Lucy, a clinical psychologist. They have two daughters, both married (Pauline, an attorney in Seattle and Caroline, an economist in Washington, D.C.), as well as five grandchildren.

Research
Freund was one of the originators of two-component duality which gave the original impetus to what then developed into string theory.  He pioneered the modern unification of physics through the introduction of extra dimensions of space and found mechanisms by which the extra dimensions curl up.

Freund made significant contributions, to the theory of magnetic monopoles, to supersymmetry and supergravity, to number-theoretic aspects of string theory, as well as to the phenomenology of hadrons.

Writer
Beyond his work in theoretical physics, Freund was the author of the book A Passion for Discovery, World Scientific, Singapore, New York, London 2007.

Over the years, in addition to scientific papers, Freund wrote short stories, and in 2001 he began publishing them. His stories appear in the online literary journal Exquisite Corpse and in other journals.

In addition to short stories, Freund wrote two novellas, The Fine Underwear of Consciousness and Upside Down, as well as the novel Belonging. Together with his childhood friend, the Romanian novelist Radu Ciobanu, he wrote in the Romanian language the book Dialog peste Atlantic (Dialog Across the Atlantic), published by Emia in 2006. The book deals with the way two friends, separated for half a century, view world events, arts, science, and ultimately try to catch up on two lives lived under very different conditions: Freund managed to leave Romania for the West, while Radu Ciobanu lived through the horrors of the communist dictatorship.

The book West of West End, a collection of Freund’s short stories, appeared in October 2008. Another collection of short stories, Tales in a Minor Key was published in 2012.

Publications

http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-03-25/news/ct-talk-brotman-physicist-20120324_1_peter-freund-stories-sandmeyer-s-bookstore

Notes

References

External links

 Exquisite Corpse

1936 births
2018 deaths
Scientists from Timișoara
Romanian Jews
American string theorists
Romanian emigrants to the United States
University of Chicago faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
University of Vienna alumni
Politehnica University of Timișoara alumni


The 912th Air Refueling Squadron is a United States Air Force squadron assigned to the 92d Operations Group and stationed at March Air Reserve Base, California.  The squadron is an active duty associate unit of the reserve 336th Air Refueling Squadron of the 452d Operations Group.

The squadron was first activated in June 1942 as the 412th Bombardment Squadron.  It saw combat in the European Theater of World War II, where it was assigned to the 95th Bombardment Group, the only group in Eighth Air Force to earn three Distinguished Unit Citations.

The 912th Air Refueling Squadron was activated in late 1961 as the air refueling element of the 4137th Strategic Wing and has been active since then. During the Cold War the squadron maintained a portion of its strength on alert.  It also supported airborne alert operations during the 1980s.

In 1985 the 412th Bombardment Squadron was consolidated with the 912th Air Refueling Squadron, making them a single unit.  The consolidated squadron has supported contingency operations, including Operation Urgent Fury and Operation Just Cause.  It participated in combat in Southeast Asia from 1990 to 1991.

Overview
The squadron operates Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft assigned to Air Force Reserve Command at March Air Force Base, California along with air reservists, conducting air refueling and other air mobility missions.  Its personnel also augment maintainers in the reserve 452d Maintenance Group and augment the reserve 452d Air Mobility Wing life support, intelligence, supply, command post, crew communications, medical and support staff.

History

World War II

Training in the United States
The squadron was constituted in early 1942 as the 22d Reconnaissance Squadron.  Since a reorganization of General Headquarters Air Force in September 1936, each bombardment group of the Army Air Forces (AAF) had an attached reconnaissance squadron, which operated the same aircraft as that group's assigned bombardment squadrons.  However, it was renamed the 412th Bombardment Squadron before activating at Barksdale Field, Louisiana in June as one of the four original squadrons of the 95th Bombardment Group. The squadron began training in August at Geiger Field, Washington, where it was equipped with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses.  The unit trained for combat operations until moving overseas starting in March.

The air echelon processed at Kearney Army Air Field, Nebraska and flew its Forts via the southern route, flying to Florida, Trinidad, the northern coast of Brazil, Dakar, Senegal, and Marrakesh, Morocco to RAF Alconbury in the United Kingdom.  The ground echelon moved to Camp Kilmer, then sailed on the  to Scotland, arriving in May.  The squadron then reunited at RAF Framlingham.

Combat with Eighth Air Force

The squadron arrived in England equipped with late model B-17F aircraft equipped with "Tokyo Tanks", additional fuel cells located outboard in the wings that gave this model additional range. It flew its first combat mission on 13 May 1943 against an airfield near Saint-Omer, France.  For the next two months the squadron focused on attacking airfields and V-1 flying bomb launch sites in France.

Eighth Air Force's early experience with its Martin B-26 Marauders convinced it that the Marauders were stationed too far from the continent of Europe to reach a selection of targets. It determined to move them closer to the target areas, and an exchange of bases began.  The entire 95th group moved to RAF Horham in June, where they replaced the 323d Bombardment Group, which departed the previous day. A few days later their place at Framlingham was taken by the newly arrived 390th Bombardment Group.

The 412th began strategic bombing operations in July and continued until flying its last operation on 20 April 1945.  Its targets included harbors, marshalling yards and other industrial targets along with attacks on cities.  The squadron received its first Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) during an attack on an aircraft factory at Regensburg, Germany on 17 August 1943 when it maintained its defensive formation despite severe attacks by enemy interceptor aircraft.

On 10 October, during an attack on marshalling yards at Münster, Germany, the squadron was subjected to concentrated fighter attacks on the approach to the target and intense flak over the objective. Despite these obstacles, the group's bombs were clustered close to the target. It was awarded a second DUC for withstanding these attacks to bomb its objective.  From 20 to 25 February 1944 the group participated in the Big Week offensive against the German aircraft manufacturing industry.  A few days later, on 4 March, the squadron attacked Berlin despite adverse weather that led other units to either abandon the operation or attack secondary targets.  Despite snowstorms and heavy cloud cover, the unit struck its target while under attack from enemy fighters, although the cloud cover required the group to rely on a pathfinder from the 482d Bombardment Group to determine the release point. It received its third DUC for this operation. This mission was the first time any unit from Eighth Air Force had bombed Berlin.

The squadron was diverted to bombing priority tactical targets during the preparation for and execution of Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy in June 1944, attacking communications and coastal defenses.  It hit enemy troop concentrations to facilitate the Allied breakout at Saint-Lô.  The 412th attacked enemy troop concentrations during the Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945 and bombed airfields to support Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine in March.

One of the unit's more unusual missions was flown on 18 September 1944, when it led the 13th Combat Bombardment Wing to Warsaw to drop ammunition, food and medical supplies to Polish Resistance forces fighting against German occupation forces. The squadron had previously participated in shuttle missions to the Soviet Union.

The unit flew its last mission on 20 April 1945, when it attacked marshalling yards near Oranienburg.  In the first week of May, it airdropped food to Dutch citizens in Operation Chow Hound. From V-E Day until departing the theater in June, it transported liberated prisoners of war and displaced persons. The air echelon flew their planes back to Bradley Field, Connecticut, while the ground echelon sailed once more on the Queen Elizabeth. The squadron was reunited at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 28 August 1945.

Air Force Reserve
The 412th Bombardment Squadron was reactivated as a reserve unit under Air Defense Command (ADC) at Knoxville Municipal Airport, Tennessee in July 1947 as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress unit.   It is not clear whether or not the squadron was fully staffed or equipped.  In 1948 Continental Air Command assumed responsibility for managing reserve units from ADC. The 412th was inactivated when Continental Air Command reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization system in June 1949 and ended its reserve flying operations at Knoxville.

Strategic Air Command
The 912th Air Refueling Squadron was activated in December 1961 at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, where it was assigned to the 4137th Strategic Wing and equipped with Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers.  The 4137th wing was established by SAC in a program to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. The squadron provided air refueling primarily to the B-52s of the 4137th wing.   Once the squadron became combat ready, one third of the squadron's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.  This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962. 912th continued to maintain an alert commitment until the end of the Cold War, except for periods it deployed aircraft to support other operations.  The squadron also conducted world wide air refueling missions.

In February 1963, The newly activated 465th Bombardment Wing assumed the aircraft, personnel and equipment of the discontinued 4137th wing. The 4137th was a Major Command controlled (MAJCON) wing, which could not carry a permanent history or lineage, and SAC wanted to replace it with a permanent unit.   The 912th was reassigned to the 465th wing. As the need for refueling support of tactical aircraft in Southeast Asia increased, the squadron deployed crews and aircraft to support Operation Young Tiger in Thailand.

A little over five years later, when SAC terminated operations at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida and transferred the base to Tactical Air Command, it moved the 19th Bombardment Wing on paper to Robins, where it took over the assets of the 465th wing and became the 912th's new parent.

The 912th provided crews and planes to support the Alaskan, European and Pacific Tanker Task Forces. It supported Operation Urgent Fury, the restoration of the government of Grenada on 23 and 24 October 1983.  The unit also flew EC–135 airborne command post missions from 1984 to 1989 for United States Central Command. These missions included deployed missions flown in the Middle East. In September 1985 the 912th Air Refueling Squadron was consolidated with the 412th Bombardment Squadron.

Starting in 1986 the squadron began to replace the KC-135A aircraft it had been flying for 25 years with re-engined KC-135Rs. The 912th supported Operation Just Cause, the United States incursion into Panama to replace Manuel Noriega's government from 18 to 21 December 1989.  It participated in combat in Southwest Asia from August 1990 until March 1991, where its crews and tankers operated primarily as part of the 1701st Air Refueling Wing, Provisional.

Air Mobility Command
With the inactivation of SAC in June 1992, most of its air refueling assets, including the 912th, were transferred to Air Mobility Command. In 1994 the 912th moved without personnel or equipment to Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota as Robins prepared to replace its refueling wing with a J-STARS unit At Grand Forks it was reassigned to the 319th Operations Group as the third tanker squadron of the 319th Air Refueling Wing, which was being transformed into a "super tanker wing."

With the 319th the squadron deployed KC-135Rs and crews to support tanker activities in Operation Deny Flight, the United Nations no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina; Operation Uphold Democracy, the United Nations action to remove the military junta and restore the elected president of Haiti; and Operation Constant Vigil from Howard Air Force Base in Panama.  In 1995 the squadron deployed to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to support Operation Southern Watch the Southwest Asia Task Force operation to monitor and control airspace in southern Iraq.  From June through August 2000 the squadron moved its operations to MacDill Air Force Base, Florida while the runways at Grand Forks were being repaired.

After the 11 September 2001 attacks, the 912th contributed personnel and aircraft to the 319th Air Expeditionary Group in support of homeland defense.

The squadron was reduced to cadre status on 20 March 2009 pursuant to Base Realignment and Closure 2005 action which directed the transition of Grand Forks AFB from an air refueling mission to an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft mission with the RQ-4 Global Hawk.

An advance party arrived at March Air Reserve Base, California in October 2010, and began to organize the squadron once again.  However, it was not until December that the ceremony to mark the 912th's new status as an active associate organization, an active duty Regular Air Force flying unit operating the same aircraft as the 336th Air Refueling Squadron and operationally controlled by the 452d Air Mobility Wing, was celebrated.  The 912th is under the administrative control of the active duty 92d Air Refueling Wing at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington.

Lineage
412th Bombardment Squadron
 Constituted as the 22d Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) on 28 January 1942
 Redesignated 412th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 22 April 1942
 Activated on 15 June 1942
 Redesignated 412th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943
 Inactivated on 28 August 1945
 Redesignated 412th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 9 July 1947
 Activated in the Reserve on 16 July 1947
 Inactivated on 27 June 1949
 Consolidated on 19 September 1985 with the 912th Air Refueling Squadron as the 912th Air Refueling Squadron

912th Air Refueling Squadron
 Constituted as the 912th Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy on 3 August 1961 and activated (not organized)
 Organized on 1 December 1961
 Consolidated on 19 September 1985 with the 412th Bombardment Squadron
 Redesignated 912th Air Refueling Squadron''' on 1 September 1991

Assignments
 95th Bombardment Group, 15 June 1942 – 28 August 1945
 95th Bombardment Group, 16 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
 Strategic Air Command, 3 August 1961 (not organized)
 4137th Strategic Wing, 1 December 1961
 465th Bombardment Wing, 1 February 1963
 19th Bombardment Wing (later 19th Air Refueling) Wing]], 25 July 1968
 19th Operations Group, 1 September 1991
 319th Operations Group, 1 April 1994
 92d Operations Group, 1 October 2010 – Present

Stations

 Barksdale Field, Louisiana, 15 June 1942
 Pendleton Field, Oregon, 26 June 1942
 Geiger Field, Washington, 28 August 1942
 Ephrata Army Air Base, Washington, 31 October 1942
 Geiger Field, Washington, 24 November 1942
 Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota, 17 December 1942 – 18 April 1943
 RAF Framlingham (AAF-153), England, 11 May 1943

 RAF Horham (AAF-119), England, 15 June 1943 – 6 August 1945
 Sioux Falls Army Airfield, South Dakota, 14 August 1945 – 28 August 1945
 Knoxville Municipal Airport, Tennessee, 16 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
 Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, 1 December 1961
 Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, 1 April 1994
 March Air Reserve Base, California, 1 October 2010 – Present

Aircraft
 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942–1945
 Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker, 1962 – present
 Boeing EC-135, 1984–1989

Awards and campaigns

See also

 B-17 Flying Fortress units of the United States Army Air Forces
 List of MAJCOM wings of the United States Air Force
 List of United States Air Force air refueling squadrons

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Air refueling squadrons of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations in California
Military units and formations established in 1961
Units and formations of Strategic Air Command


Yahya Merchant (1903–1990) was an Indian Dawoodi Bohra architect. Among his designs are the Quaid-e-Azam Mausoleum for Muhammad Ali Jinnah in Karachi, and the Raudat Tahera Mausoleum for Syedna Taher Saifuddin in Mumbai.

References

20th-century Indian architects
Dawoodi Bohras
Indian Ismailis
Artists from Mumbai
1903 births
Year of death missing
20th-century Indian educators
Educators from Maharashtra


The Wanjia re-education through labor camp is a re-education through labor camp in the People's Republic of China in Heilongjiang province, Daoli District, Harbin City. According to the Laogai Research Foundation, the camp was established in 1984 and is controlled by the Harbin City Judicial Bureau. The camp reportedly also housed Falun Gong practitioners and includes a tailor's shop. In 1993, there were a total of 1,433 prisoners at Wanjia, Yuquan and Changlinzi RTL.

In 2001, the Hong Kong-based Information Center for Human Rights and Democracy said 10 women killed themselves to protest their treatment at the camp. A Chinese government spokesman in Beijing said that 14 followers had committed suicide at the camp and another 11 attempted suicide but were stopped by camp guards.

See also
 List of re-education through labor camps in China

References

External links
Laogai Handbook

Prisons in China
Buildings and structures in Harbin
Labour camps in China


In underground mining, a raise refers to a vertical or inclined excavation that leads from one level, or drift, to another.  A raise may also extend to surface.  There are four excavation methods for raises:
Conventional or open raise
Long-hole or drop raise
Alimak
Raise boring

Raises serve a number of purposes including:
Transportation of ore and waste rock
Ventilation
Creating a free face for mining
Movement of workers via manway ladders

References

Underground mining


Firmin Ayessa (born 2 November 1951) is a Congolese politician who has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Deputy Prime Minister for Civil Service, State Reform, Labour, and Social Security since 2017. As a long-time associate of President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Ayessa has held a series of key posts at the Presidency of Congo-Brazzaville; he was Director of the Civil Cabinet of the President from 1999 to 2002, deputy director of the Presidential Cabinet from 2002 to 2007, and he was Director of the Presidential Cabinet from 2007 to 2017.

Political career
Ayessa, an ethnic Mbochi, was born in Ondza, located near Makoua in the north of Congo-Brazzaville. A journalist by profession, he studied in France; after returning to Congo-Brazzaville, he worked on radio and television beginning in 1977. He then served as an adviser at the Congolese embassy in Paris from 1980 to 1983, and he was appointed as Director of the Cabinet of the Minister of Communication in 1984. Later, he was Director-General of Audiovisuals. In 1990, he joined the Congolese Labour Party (PCT); he was also elected to the PCT Central Committee in 1990.

Ayessa served as Director of the Congolese Information Agency (ACI) in the early 1990s. He was also editor-in-chief of Aujourd'hui ("Today"), a daily newspaper that described itself as "private and independent of political parties", when it launched on 23 March 1991. The paper launched immediately prior to the opening of the 1991 National Conference, in which the PCT lost power. Later in 1991, Théodore Kiamossi, who had resigned from the PCT, was appointed to replace Ayessa as Director of the ACI; Ayessa was then appointed as Communications Adviser to President Denis Sassou Nguesso. He remained in the latter post until 1992, when Sassou Nguesso was defeated in a multiparty presidential election and left office.

In March 1997, he was elected to the Higher Council for the Freedom of Communication. Sassou Nguesso regained power at the end of the June–October 1997 civil war, and he then appointed Ayessa to the government as Minister for the Organization of the National Forum and Relations with the National Transitional Council, on 2 November 1997. Ayessa was subsequently appointed as Director of the Civil Cabinet of the President, with the rank of Minister-Delegate, on 18 January 1999. He was deputy director of Sassou Nguesso's campaign for the March 2002 presidential election, working under Isidore Mvouba, the campaign director.

In the May 2002 parliamentary election, Ayessa was elected to the National Assembly as the PCT candidate in Makoua constituency, located in Cuvette Region; he received 70.80% of the vote and won the seat in the first round. He was then moved from his post as Director of the Civil Cabinet to the post of deputy director of the Cabinet of the President, Head of the Department of Communication, and Spokesman of the President on 19 August 2002. Having held a succession of high-level posts under Sassou Nguesso, Ayessa was considered an influential adviser to the President.

Ayessa spent nearly five years as deputy director of the President's Cabinet, working under Aimé Emmanuel Yoka. After Yoka was moved to the post of Minister of Justice, President Sassou Nguesso appointed Ayessa to succeed Yoka as Director of the President's Cabinet, with the rank of Minister of State, on 15 May 2007. He officially succeeded Yoka at a ceremony on 22 May 2007. Ayessa also stood again as the PCT candidate in Makoua in the June 2007 parliamentary election; he won the seat in the first round with 99.59% of the vote.

In early June 2009, Ayessa was designated as Sassou Nguesso's National Campaign Director for the July 2009 presidential election. Sassou Nguesso easily won the election amidst an opposition boycott.

Ayessa presided over the ceremony at which the Ninja militia leader Pasteur Ntoumi, who had earlier led a rebellion against the government, was installed in his office as Delegate-General for the Promotion of the Values of Peace and Repair of the Ravages of War in December 2009. At the ceremony, Ayessa expressed a spirit of reconciliation, congratulating Ntoumi and welcoming the opportunity to work with him.

At the PCT's Sixth Extraordinary Congress, held in July 2011, Ayessa was elected to the PCT's 51-member Political Bureau. In the July–August 2012 parliamentary election, Ayessa again stood as the PCT candidate in Makoua. He won the seat in the first round with 72.75% of the vote.

Acting as Sassou Nguesso's personal representative, Ayessa headed Congo-Brazzaville's delegation to the swearing in of Catherine Samba-Panza as transitional President of the Central African Republic on 23 January 2014. He praised Samba-Panza and reaffirmed Congo-Brazzaville's commitment to efforts to stabilize and improve the situation in the Central African Republic, which was plagued by violence and disorder.

Ayessa was national director of Sassou Nguesso's campaign for the March 2016 presidential election. In the July 2017 parliamentary election, Ayessa stood unopposed as a candidate in Makoua, with no other candidates standing in the constituency. After 10 years as Director of the Cabinet of the President, he was instead appointed to the government as Deputy Prime Minister for the Civil Service, State Reform, Labour and Social Security on 22 August 2017.

References

1951 births
Living people
Members of the National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)
Government ministers of the Republic of the Congo
Congolese Party of Labour politicians
People from Cuvette Department


Brentwood Ursuline Convent High School (BUCHS) is an 11–18 girls, Roman Catholic, secondary school and mixed sixth form with academy status in Brentwood, Essex, England. It was established in 1900 and is an Ursuline school. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood.

History
The school first opened in 1900 as a Catholic girls' school, which until the 1990s had boarders. Until the 1918 Education Act, there were two schools, St Mary's for ladies and St Philomena's for tradesmen's daughters. These schools then merged. It was a direct grant grammar school for girls, with the Brentwood School being a similar school for boys. It became a comprehensive in 1979.  In September 1999 the school became a specialist Arts College. It converted to academy status in 2012.

Notable alumni

 Marie José of Belgium, Princess of Belgium; the last Queen of Italy (in May/June 1946)
 Katie Amess, actress
 Cassyette, musician
 Josephine D. Edwards, mathematician
 Betty Laine, dance teacher and founder of Laine Theatre Arts
Eileen O'Casey, Irish actress and author

See also
 Secondary schools in Essex
 List of direct grant grammar schools
 Ursuline High School, Wimbledon

References

External links

Schools in Brentwood (Essex town)
Secondary schools in Essex
Academies in Essex
Girls' schools in Essex
Ursuline schools
Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Brentwood
Educational institutions established in 1900
1900 establishments in England


Sleeping with the Devil is a 1997 American television film directed by William A. Graham. The film is based upon the book of the same name by Suzanne Finstad.

Plot

Rebecca Dubrovich is a nurse, who was brutally raped years ago. Ever since, she has been skeptical about dating men, and instead focuses on her work and her training for the Santa Barbara triathlon. Her life and outlook on love changes when she meets and falls in love with billionaire Dick Strang, the owner of a large fitness chain. Rebecca opens up to Dick about her past, admitting that she was a rebellious girl for a while and got caught up in drugs. Dick helps her leave the past behind, while getting involved in a romantic relationship with her. Not long after their first meeting, Dick asks her to give up med school and move to Houston for him. Rebecca finishes up her semester and heads out to Houston, where she is talked into becoming the image of Dick's fitness company.

One night, a lady knocks on her door, and reveals herself to be Dick's wife, Dina. Rebecca immediately leaves Dick, despite his claims that he is only married to Dina for tax purposes. After Dina files for divorce, Rebecca agrees to reconcile with Dick. She breaks up with Dick again, when he becomes obsessed with winning the divorce case. Rebecca advises Dick to give Dina the money that she is suing him for, but Dick is intent on winning the case. Dick's sister Liz warns Rebecca that her brother is a liar and a sadist, and that she is better off without him, but Rebecca feels that she should stand by him during trial. Dick becomes more stressed and frustrated during the trial and goes to great lengths to succeed. He even tries to convince his best friend to lie in court, by saying that he had an affair with Dina. When he loses the case, he takes it out on Rebecca, who has just recently announced that she is pregnant with his child. She leaves Dick after he hits her, but he demands that she have an abortion and accuses her of having an affair. Liz sets her up in a new house with the furniture that Dick gave her sometime ago, though Dick soon sues Rebecca for grand theft. His attorney offers to drop the charges if Rebecca signs a contract stating that Dick is not the father of her child, but she refuses. Rebecca tells her parents, Wes and Stasha, that she would rather go to jail than have her child born into a lie. She starts a job as a nurse at a local hospital, but during a shift, she miscarries.

Meanwhile, Dick has a private detective locate her new apartment, takes back his furniture, and continues to stalk Rebecca, even sending her threats. Wes receives a phone call from a man, Tom, who offers him $20,000 dollars to get Rebecca out of town, warning him that something terrible could happen to his daughter if he does not listen. The next day, Rebecca leaves for work, and she is shot several times by a hitman. She survives the ordeal, but is paralyzed from the chest down, and is told that she will never walk again. Dick tracks her down and hires a female contract killer, who poses as a nurse, and unsuccessfully tries to give Rebecca a lethal injection. Rebecca presses charges, but Dick is out on the streets in no time. Feeling defeated, she primarily focuses on her recovery. She starts working as a nurse for Dr. Jerrold Petrofsky, a surgeon, who specializes in the recovery of paralyzed people. Together, they work on new ideas of helping paralyzed people walk again, and they fall in love during the process. Meanwhile, police catch Dick in his attempt to flee the country. Dick is put on trial, and in the end, Rebecca wins and is granted over $28 million. She uses the money for her recovery and is finally able to walk again. She even walks in the marathon she trained for in the past. She then walks down the aisle of her wedding to Jerrold.

Cast
Shannen Doherty as Rebecca Dubrovich
Tim Matheson as Dick Strang
Bonnie Bartlett as Stasha Dubrovich
Steve Eastin as Wes Dubrovich
David Bowe as Dr. Jerrold Petrofsky
Janet Graham as Dina Strang

External links

1990s crime drama films
1997 television films
1997 films
American crime drama films
Drama films based on actual events
1990s English-language films
Films about domestic violence
Films about stalking
Films based on American novels
Lifetime (TV network) films
Crime films based on actual events
Films directed by William Graham (director)
1990s American films


The 2004 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Munich, Germany and was part of the International Series of the 2004 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 26 April until 2 May 2004. Unseeded Nikolay Davydenko won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Nikolay Davydenko defeated  Martin Verkerk 6–4, 7–5
 It was Davydenko's 1st title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

Doubles

 James Blake /  Mark Merklein defeated  Julian Knowle /  Nenad Zimonjić 6–2, 6–4
 It was Blake's 3rd title of the year and the 6th of his career. It was Merklein's only title of the year and the 4th of his career.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official website
 ATP tournament profile

BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships


William Adolph, Jr. (born October 23, 1949) is an American accountant and politician. He is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 165th Legislative District from 1988 to 2016. He was chairman of the House Appropriations Committee.

Early life and education
Adolph was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and graduated from Cardinal O'Hara High School in Springfield, Pennsylvania in 1967 and Christian Brothers College in 1971.

Career
Adolph is a public accountant who has operated his own firm since 1971. In 1982, he was elected to the Springfield Board of Commissioners as a Republican. During his tenure, he also served as president of the Board of Commissioners.

Adolph served as the Majority Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee. He was first elected by his colleagues to serve in this role in January 2010. and was reelected to a second term as Majority Chairman.

Prior to joining House leadership, Rep. Adolph served as chairman of the House Professional Licensure Committee and a member of the House Consumer Affairs Committee. He previously chaired the House Environmental Resources and Energy Committee.

In addition to his leadership roles in the legislature, Rep. Adolph has also served as chairman of the board of the Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency (PHEAA). In his service as PHEAA chairman, he has worked tirelessly to fulfill PHEAA's mission of developing innovative ways to ease the financial burden of higher education for students, families, schools, and taxpayers. During Rep. Adolph's tenure as chairman, PHEAA has distributed approximately $4.8 billion in state grants for higher education to over 2 million Pennsylvania students.

His legislative agenda focused on the environment, education, economic development and job creation issues. He has played a key role in improving the state's business climate by cutting taxes and increasing competitiveness through regulatory reforms, such as revisions to the workers' compensation law. In 1998, he was the prime sponsor of a law eliminating the personal income tax on the profit from the sale of a home. In 2002, his legislation assisting no-impact home-based businesses was signed into law, allowing businesses that operate in the home to do so without excessive interference with local ordinances, yet still preserving the look and feel of the neighborhoods in which they operate.

Adolph also was the prime sponsor of a telecommunications law, which addresses regulations for broadband availability for businesses and schools, as well as makes telephone service available to Pennsylvania's lower income families at reduced rates. In addition, he authored the Guaranteed Energy Savings Act, which provides Pennsylvania's school districts and local governments with energy conservation and energy savings through cost-containment contracts with third-party vendors.

He was a leading advocate in medical malpractice liability reform, sponsoring a 1996 law and co-sponsoring the bill that culminated in the enactment of legislation that reformed the Medical CAT Fund, addressed patient safety concerns and made significant strides in lawsuit reform. He continued to push for further changes which culminated in the enactment of joint and several liability reforms and most recently supported the adoption of the Fair Share Act in 2011 which implemented reforms necessary to restore fairness and personal responsibility to our legal system.

Adolph was the prime sponsor of a law, which expanded the property tax/rent rebate program to include more senior citizens and permanently disabled persons by exempting half of all Social Security and railroad pension income from the definition of income. He advocated reform to unemployment compensation laws as prime sponsor of legislation to end the unfair penalties that prevent senior citizens who are collecting Social Security and other pension income from receiving full unemployment benefits.

Another highlight of Rep. Adolph's legislative career came in 1996 when his Taxpayers' Bill of Rights (Act 195 of 1996) legislation was signed into law. The law protects taxpayers and improves service by establishing uniform rules and regulations for the state Department of Revenue to follow, which ensure fair and equitable administration of state tax laws.

In 2016, Rep. Adolph announced he would not be running for re-election and retire at the end of 2016.

Awards
Representative Adolph's legislative work has been recognized as he has received several noteworthy awards for his work on legislative priorities of environmental conservation, education, economic development and job creation issues.

In recognition of his efforts to preserve crucial funding for the Keystone Recreation, Park and Conservation Fund in 2012, Rep. Adolph was presented with the 2012 Conservation Leadership Award from the Pennsylvania Lands Trust Association, the 2012 Pennsylvania Recreation, and Parks Society Governmental Award.

Representative Adolph was also acknowledged for his unwavering commitment to higher education in Pennsylvania by The Association of Independent Colleges and Universities of Pennsylvania. In 2012 the association awarded Representative Adolph the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement on behalf of Higher Education.

For his support of economic development and job creation, he is an eight-time recipient of both the Legislator of the Year award and the Spirit of Free Enterprise award, presented by the Delaware County Chamber of Commerce. In 2012 Representative Adolph was also recognized for his support of local businesses and awarded the Legislator of the Year Award by the Delaware County Pharmacists' Association.

Personal
Adolph is a former Springfield Athletic Association board member.  He was a youth football coach for the Springfield Youth Club and head coach of St. Francis of Assisi CYO.

He is a graduate of Cardinal O'Hara High School and also a member of the school's Hall of Fame.  Adolph attended Christian Brothers University.
Adolph resides in Springfield with his wife, Debbie. Together they have raised three sons, Bill, Sam and Ryne. They also have six grandchildren.

References

External links
 Representative Bill Adolph's official web site
 Pennsylvania House Republican Caucus site

1949 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Living people
Politicians from Philadelphia
American accountants
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
People from Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania


George Philip Chorley Crosfield  OBE (9 September 1924 – 13 March 2013) was an eminent Anglican priest in the latter part of the 20th century.

He was born on 9 September 1924 and educated at George Watson's College, Edinburgh and Selwyn College, Cambridge.

After wartime service with the Royal Artillery, during which he saw action in Normandy in 1944, Germany in 1945 and was then posted to India, he was ordained in 1952 and began his career with a curacy at St David's, Pilton, Edinburgh and subsequently at St. Andrew's Church, St. Andrews, where he was also Anglican chaplain to the university. It was here that he met his wife, Susan Martin, an undergraduate who was president of the Anglican Society.

He was appointed Rector of St Cuthbert's, Hawick in 1955 and he and Susan were married in the summer of 1956.  After 5 years, Crosfield was asked to be Chaplain of Gordonstoun School and his appointment coincided with the arrival at the school of the young Prince Charles, whom he later prepared for confirmation.

In 1968, he was appointed Vice-Provost and Canon Residentiary at St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, but, following Patrick Rodger's departure to be Bishop of Manchester, he became its Provost in 1970, a post he was to hold until retirement 20 years later. During his time at the cathedral, he founded St. Mary's Music School, which had grown out of the St. Mary's Cathedral Choir School. The Music School opened its doors in 1972, with Yehudi Menuhin as its patron.

In the 1980s, horrified by the effects of unemployment on young people, Crosfield set up the St. Mary's Cathedral Workshop, which has looked after the fabric of the Victorian Cathedral whilst training apprentice stonemasons and reviving the skills and trades associated with old buildings that were in danger of disappearing.

Moving to Penicuik, near Edinburgh, in retirement, he continued his work as a priest as part of the Ministry Team of St. James the Less Episcopal Church.

References

1924 births
2013 deaths
People educated at George Watson's College
Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge
British Army personnel of World War II
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Artillery officers
Provosts of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal)


Edlington is a village in the parish of Edlington with Wispington, in East Lindsey Lincolnshire, England. It is situated  north-west of Horncastle. In 1961 the parish had a population of 105. On 1 April 1987 the parish was abolished and merged with Wispington to form Edlington with Wispington.

Edlington Grade II listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Helen. Originating in the 12th century, it was rebuilt in 1859 by James Fowler, but retained its Norman tower arch and Early English font.

Another listed building is the late 16th-century Hall Farm House.

References

External links

"Edlington", Genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 26 July 2011

Villages in Lincolnshire
Former civil parishes in Lincolnshire
East Lindsey District


Shake Shake Shake may refer to:

  "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty", a song by KC and the Sunshine Band, 1976
 Shake! Shake! Shake!, an album by Bronze Radio Return, 2011
 "Shake Shake Shake", a song by Majid Jordan from Majid Jordan, 2016
 "Shake Shake Shake", a song by White Denim from Exposion, 2008


Alex Coles is a critic and editor. DesignArt (Tate Publishing, 2005), his first book, triggered a debate about limited edition design. Coles then edited the anthology Design and Art (MIT Press/Whitechapel Publications, 2007), which argued for a deeper understanding of the interface between art and design. The Transdisciplinary Studio (Sternberg Press, 2012) and the EP (Sternberg Press 2013-) series followed.

In 2018 Coles began writing about music, leading to Crooner (Reaktion, 2023) and Tainted Love: From Nina Simone to Kendrick Lamar (Sternberg Press, 2023).

Publications
Edited books include:
Site-Specificity: The Ethnographic Turn (Black Dog Publishing, 2001), Design and Art (MIT Press/Whitechapel Publications, 2007), and EP (Sternberg Press, 2013-) Vol 1, 2, 3.

Academic posts
In November 2011, Coles was appointed Professor of Transdisciplinary Studies, School of Art, Design and Architecture, University of Huddersfield.

External links
 Artforum.com
 The Bathroom Critic
 Art's Little Brother in Icon Magazine Online
 Eye Magazine | Review | The friends of Eddie Russia
 Eye Magazine | Feature | Cover version

English art critics
English art historians
Living people
1971 births
Alumni of Loughborough University