Henry Holmes Croft (March 6, 1820 in London – March 1, 1883 in San Diego, Texas) was a British scientist and educator in Canada.

Croft was invited to join the faculty at King's College (now University of Toronto) in Toronto, arriving in 1842. From 1850 to 1853 he was university vice-chancellor and later with the university senate.

Croft was a member of the University Rifle Corps (9th Company of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada) in the 1860s and participated in the Fenian raids as captain in 1866. Croft left Toronto in 1880 to retire to his son's ranch in Texas.

He contributed to the foundation of the Entomological Society of Canada.

References

External links
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
 The Canadian Encyclopedia

British scientists
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
1820 births
1883 deaths
Presidents of the Entomological Society of Canada


Red, Hot and Blue may refer to:

 Red, Hot and Blue, a 1936 Cole Porter musical
 Red Hot + Blue, a compilation music album
 Redhot & Blue (musical group), a Yale University a cappella group
 Red Hot & Blue (Lee Atwater recording project), 1990
 Red Hot & Blue (restaurant), an American barbecue restaurant franchise
 Red, Hot and Blue (film), a 1949 musical comedy film

See also
 ''The Red Hot Blues of Phil Guy, a 1982 album


The  Bayernliga, the fifth tier of the German football league system and highest football league in the state of Bavaria, has had four teams annually promoted to the league, the champions of the three Landesligas, and a fourth club, determined by an annual promotion round. It involved the runners-up from the three Landesligas and the team in the Oberliga placed right above the relegation ranks.

The Bavarian football federation decided on drastic changes to the league system from 2012 onwards. With the introduction of the Regionalliga Bayern from 2012 to 2013, it placed two Bayernligas, north and south, below the new league as the new fifth tier of the German league system. Below those, five Landesligas instead of the existing three were set, which would be geographically divided to limit travel and increase the number of local derbies.

History and modus
In 1963, alongside the establishment of the Bundesliga, a single-division, highest league for the state of Bavaria, the Amateurliga Bayern was established, too. Below this league, three regional Landesligas were formed to replace the previously existing 2. Amateurligas:
 Landesliga Bayern-Nord, covering the Regierungsbezirke of Upper Franconia and Lower Franconia
 Landesliga Bayern-Mitte, covering Middle Franconia, Upper Palatinate and Lower Bavaria
 Landesliga Bayern-Süd, covering Upper Bavaria and Swabia

From the 1963–64 season onwards, the champions of each of these three leagues were directly promoted to the Amateurliga Bayern, or, as it is commonly called, the Bayernliga. In turn, the bottom three teams in the Bayernliga were relegated to the Landesliga, according to their region of origin.

In 1978, the Amateurliga Bayern was renamed Amateur Oberliga Bayern.

In 1981, this modus changed as the Bavarian football association wanted each runners-up team in the Bavarian leagues to have a chance for promotion, too. Nowadays, the statutes of the BFV actually specify that every runners-up in Bavaria has the right to take part in promotion round, providing the league it can earn promotion to is part of the Bavarian football league system.

A system was established whereby the three Landesliga runners-up and the Bayernliga team placed right above the relegation ranks determined one more team to enter the league for the next season. A draw would establish which two teams met each other in the first round in an on-off game, with all games to be played on neutral grounds, preferably at a location half-way between the two clubs. The winners of those two games would then advance to a final to determine the team that would play in the Bayernliga next season.

Exceptions existed in regards to the number of teams promoted. If the Bayernliga champion managed to win promotion to the 2. Bundesliga and no team from that league was relegated to the Bayernliga, an extra team was promoted from the Landesliga. Also, in 1994, due to the formation of the Regionalligas, eight teams from the Landesligas earned promotion to the Bayernliga with the promotion round being played between the third placed teams. A similar situation existed in 2008, when the 3. Liga was established. Generally, after 1994 in a most seasons more than one club was promoted.

In 1994, the Amateur Oberliga Bayern was renamed Oberliga Bayern.

Because of the establishment of the Regionalliga Bayern in 2012 and the expansion of the Bayernliga from one to two regional divisions a large number of clubs earned promotion to the league in 2012. Additionally, the number of Landesligas was expanded from three to five.

As the 2019–20 season was interrupted by the coronavirus disease pandemic in Germany that broke out in March 2020, it was later suspended until 31 August, forcing a cancellation of the 2020–21 season as the Bavarian Football Association approved a resumption of the preceding one, which concludes in mid-2021, thus postponing the play-offs.

 Clubs directly promoted
The champions of the three Landesligas who earned direct promotion to the Bayernliga where:

Three divisions: from 1963 to 2012

Five divisions: since 2012

Source:

 Clubs taking part in the promotion round
The clubs having taken part in the promotion round were:

Three divisions: from 1963 to 2012

Five divisions: since 2012

 Die Deutsche Liga Chronik 1945 – 2006  DSFS, pp. I 72 – I 144.
 Bold denotes promoted team, or, in case of the participant from the Bayernliga, the club maintained its league status.

References

Sources
 Die Bayernliga 1945 - 1997,  DSFS. 1998.
 Deutschlands Fußball in Zahlen,  An annual publication with tables and results from the Bundesliga to Verbandsliga/Landesliga. DSFS.
 kicker Almanach,  The yearbook on German football from Bundesliga to Oberliga, since 1937. Kicker Sports Magazine.
 Süddeutschlands Fußballgeschichte in Tabellenform 1897-1988  History of Southern German football in tables, by Ludolf Hyll.
 50 Jahre Bayrischer Fussball-Verband  50-year-anniversary book of the Bavarian FA. Vindelica Verlag. 1996.
 Die Deutsche Liga-Chronik 1945-2005''  History of German football from 1945 to 2005 in tables. DSFS. 2006.

External links
 Bayrischer Fussball Verband (Bavarian FA)
 Das deutsche Fussball Archiv Historic German league tables
 Bavarian League tables and results
 Website with tables and results from the Bavarian Oberliga to Bezirksliga

German football promotion rounds
Bayernliga
1981 establishments in West Germany


Alosa caspia is a species of clupeid fish, one of the species of shad (genus Alosa) endemic to the Caspian Sea basin.

FishBase treats separately three subspecies from the Caspian:

 Caspian shad, Alosa caspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838)
  Enzeli shad, Alosa caspia knipowitschi (Iljin, 1927)
 Astrabad shad, Alosa caspia persica (Iljin, 1927)

Previously the taxonomic circumscription and geographic range of A. caspia have been broader, encompassing also the Sea of Azov and Black Sea basins. Up to ten subspecies were recognised; these included forms now classified as Alosa tanaica (and its synonyms) and even the Balkan freshwater endemics Alosa macedonica and Alosa vistonica.

References

caspia
Fish of the Caspian Sea
Freshwater fish of Asia
Freshwater fish of Europe
Least concern biota of Asia
Least concern biota of Europe
Taxa named by Karl Eichwald
Fish described in 1838


Wenzhou Medical University (WMU); ), designated as a key university in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, is an institution of higher learning under the leadership of Zhejiang Provincial Government.

History
Wenzhou Medical University (WMU) is a higher institution under the administration of Zhejiang Provincial Government. It can trace its origin back to the former Zhejiang Specialized Medical School established in 1912. In August 1958, a group of faculty was sent from Zhejiang Medical College in Hangzhou to help establish the Second Zhejiang Medical College in Wenzhou, whose name was changed to Wenzhou Medical College in accordance with its location. In 2013 Wenzhou Medical College was officially renamed Wenzhou Medical University. In 2015, it was shortlisted as one of the co-development universities by the Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Zhejiang Provincial Government. In 2017, it became a Priority Development University in Zhejiang Province.

Campuses
WMU is composed of three campuses, located respectively at
Chashan (Main campus)
Xueyuan Road
Dongtou District (Binhai Campus)

These cover a combined area of about 73 ha. (=1,100 mu) with a floor space of 460,000 m2.

Organization

Schools and departments
15 Schools
School of Stomatology
School of Basic Medical Sciences
School of the 1st Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering
School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences
School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering
School of Laboratory Science and Life Science
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
School of Nursing
School of Public Health and Management
School of Marxism
School of Sports Science
School of Foreign Language Studies
School of International Studies
School of Mental Health
School of innovation and Entrepreneurship Education

Affiliated hospitals

The 1st Affiliated Hospital
The 2nd Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital
The Affiliated Eye Hospital
The Affiliated Dental Hospital
19 non-directly governed affiliated hospitals
Wenzhou, Taizhou, Lishui, Wenling, Cixi, Dongyang, Yiwu, Zhuji, Zhoushan, Yueqing, Ruian, Cangnan, Xiangshan, Xinchang, Hangzhou

International cooperation

Australia
 Queensland University of Technology

North America
New England College of Optometry, USA
Pacific University, USA
State University of New York College of Optometry, USA
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
 University of Saskatchewan, Canada
 ...

Europe
:fr:Institut supérieur d'optique, Paris, France
 Medical University of Graz, Austria
 Université de Bourgogne, France
 University of Central Lancashire, England
 University of Pécs, Hungary
 ...

Austria
Medical University of Graz, Austria

Asia
 Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
 University of Miyazaki, Japan
 Confucius Center, Burapha University, Thailand
 Burapha University, Thailand
 Fuji Tokoha University, Japan
 Hokuriku University, Japan
 Gachon University, Korea
 ...

Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao
 Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
 I-Shou University, Taiwan
 Macau university of science and technology, Macau
 ...

Events
Special Olympics Sports Health Center
Brightness Project
Alliance for Smile
Marrow for Life
People Inspired by Norman Bethune

Rankings
In 2021, Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked Wenzhou Medical University within the 501-600 band globally.

Alumni

 Shen Xiaoming, pediatrician, health and education administrator, politician
 Jian Zhou – virologist and cancer researcher

Anniversaries
Wenzhou Medical University celebrated its 60th anniversary on 28 October 2018.

See also
List of universities in China
Special Olympics
Avicenna Directories

References

External links

Official Wenzhou Medical College Website
 Official Wenzhou Medical University Website

Universities and colleges in Zhejiang
Medical schools in China
Universities in China with English-medium medical schools
Universities and colleges established in 1958
1958 establishments in China


Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program is a $25 billion direct loan program funded by Congress in fall 2008 to provide debt capital to the U.S. automotive industry for the purpose of funding projects that help vehicles manufactured in the U.S. meet higher mileage requirements and lessen U.S. dependence on foreign oil. Of the 108 requests made, 5 were approved to receive $8.4 billion, with the majority of that amount under repayment.

Background and criteria
The loan program was authorized under section 136 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which provided the program with $25 billion in loan authority, supported by a $7.5 billion appropriation to fund the credit subsidy, or the 30% risk profile expected for projects of this type.  To qualify, automakers and eligible component manufacturers must promise to increase the fuel economy of their products by 25% over the average fuel economy of similar 2005 models, and apply the loans to future investments "reasonably related to the reequipping, expanding, or establishing a manufacturing facility in the U.S."  In distributing the loans the DOE may decide which technologies it believes are most promising and deserving of assistance.  Loan recipients must also be "financially viable" for the length of the loan. Given 60 days by congressional statute to issue an interim final rule, the Department of Energy (DOE), responsible for overseeing the program, finalized the rule 36 days later on November 5, 2008 (compared to 18 months usually needed for such rule making).  This program is unrelated to the United States Treasury Department's Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) which has been providing bailout funding to two of the big three U.S. automakers to reduce the effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States. The two programs were enacted during the Automotive industry crisis of 2008–10, but with different purposes.

It has been speculated that at least two of the Big Three U.S. automobile manufacturers may not be able to qualify for this program because of its fuel economy and financial solvency requirements.

In November 2008, the auto industry began lobbying for the $25 billion to be loaned immediately, as well as another $25 billion to be loaned later to cover retirees health care costs.

As originally worded, the program was applicable only to four-wheeled passenger vehicles. In October 2009, a bill sponsored by California Representatives Brian Bilbray and Adam Schiff was passed extending the program's coverage to include high mileage (equivalent to  ) two- and three-wheeled vehicles.

DOE's Alternative Vehicle Technologies Awards
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced  in December 2008 the selection of six cost-shared research projects for the development and demonstration of alternative vehicle technology projects totaling a DOE investment of up to $14.55 million over three years, subject to annual appropriations. Private sector contributions will further increase the financial investment for a total of up to $29.3 million. The selections announced are part of DOE’s continuing work to develop high efficiency vehicle technologies and are not part of the recently announced $25 billion Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program. These projects were selected under three diverse topic areas: lithium-ion battery materials and manufacturing (3M Company for developing advanced anode; BASF Catalyst  for domestic production of low cost cathode materials and FMC Corporation  for scaling up production of stabilized lithium metal powder for high energy cathodes); thermoelectric heating, ventilation and air conditioning (TE HVAC system); and aerodynamic heavy-duty truck trailers (Navistar International Corporation).

Conditional loans

Overview

USDOE announced in 2009 $8.4 billion in conditional loan agreements for Ford Motor Company; Nissan North America, Inc.; Tesla Motors, Inc. and Fisker Automotive to fund the development of advanced vehicle technologies. Additionally, DOE has spent approximately $3.3 billion on federal credit subsidies costs in order to secure the loans for the few approved companies. The loan commitments include a $5.9 billion loan to Ford for upgrading factories in five states to produce 13 more fuel-efficient models, a $1.6 billion loan to Nissan to build advanced electric vehicles and advanced batteries, and a $465 million loan to Tesla Motors to manufacture its new electric sedan. These are the first conditional loans released under DOE's Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program, which is using an open, competitive process to provide about $25 billion in loans to companies that produce cars or vehicle components in the United States. To qualify, companies must propose projects that increase fuel economy to at least 25% above 2005 fuel economy levels. By 2014, Ford and Nissan were making payments, while Tesla paid back the loan in 2013.  Nissan eventually repaid the loan in 2017. The program has earned the government nearly $3 billion in interest. The program had not issued new loans since 2011, and six applicants were seeking around $12 billion of loans in early 2020. The federal government has considered shutting down the program under the Trump Administration. , the Department was analyzing 126 proposals for loans totaling $126 billion.

Ford
Ford Motor Company will receive its loans through 2011, using the funds to upgrade its engine plants in Dearborn, Michigan; Cleveland, Ohio; and Lima, Ohio, and to upgrade its transmission plants in Livonia, Michigan; Sterling Heights, Michigan; and Sharonville, Ohio. Ford will also upgrade its assembly plants in Chicago, Illinois; Louisville, Kentucky; Dearborn, Michigan; Wayne, Michigan; and Kansas City, Missouri, converting two of the truck factories into assembly plants for cars. In addition, the Ford loans will finance advances in traditional combustion engines and electrified vehicles and help raise the fuel efficiency of more than two dozen popular models. The V6 EcoBoost engine benefited from the loan, and is installed in many cars as well as over 500,000 F-150, saving 268 million gallons of gasoline by 2014. Ford expects to pay the rest of the loan by 2023.

In 2023, the Program approved a $9.2 billion loan for Blue Oval City, a battery plant by Ford and SK Innovation.

Nissan
Nissan aims to manufacture a cost-competitive electric vehicle with a lithium-ion battery pack in Smyrna, Tennessee, and plans to eventually reach a production capacity of 150,000 vehicles per year. The Nissan Leaf is produced at Nissan's Smyrna assembly plant since 2013, along with cells for its batteries. Nissan repaid the loan in 2017.

Tesla
Tesla Motors will use its funding () to finance a California-based manufacturing facility for the Tesla Model S sedan, an all-electric sedan that can be recharged at a conventional 120-volt or 240-volt outlet. Production will begin in 2011 and ramp up to 20,000 vehicles per year by the end of 2013. Tesla repaid the loan in May 2013, and was the first car company to have fully repaid the government, while Ford, Nissan and Fisker had not up to that moment.

Fisker Automotive
The fourth conditional commitment that the Department of Energy has entered into under the ATVM Loan program is a $528.7 million loan for Fisker Automotive for the development of two lines of plug-in hybrids by 2016. Fisker received $192 million, before losing access to the rest of the loan. Fisker later defaulted once the company began to suffer from financial issues. In 2013, the company declared voluntary bankruptcy. The DOE would ultimately reclaim $28 million from Fisker for a total of $53 million recovered of its $192 million loan. The money came from a three-day auction in which Chinese auto parts supplier Wanxiang Group received court approval on February 18, 2014, to buy the assets of Fisker with a bid of $149.2 million against a rival bid from Hong Kong billionaire Richard Li.

Syrah Technologies
In 2022, the program granted $107 million to Syrah Technologies to assist its graphite-based active anode material Vidalia Facility in Louisiana. The grant was the first in over 10 years.

Ultium Cells LLC
The joint venture of General Motors and LG Energy Solution, Ultium Cells LLC, won a $2.5 billion loan in December 2022. The company intends to use the loan towards setting up three US factories in the states of Ohio, Tennessee, and Michigan, to make its lithium-ion battery systems.

Redwood Materials
Redwood Materials secured a $2 billion conditional loan in February 2023. The company which relies primarily on Asia for importing essential components to make EV batteries said it would use the funds to build a supply base in the US and expand operations by building a facility in Charleston, South Carolina.

Unsuccessful applications
About 108 requests were made to the program by 2010, but few were approved. Many of the companies which were denied loans have since gone out of business. Among the applicants denied were:

 A loan request under this program was denied for Carbon Motors Corporation in March 2012 after the latter had spent 2 years prior addressing the DOE's concerns.
 Aptera Motors' initial application was denied because its product was a three-wheeled vehicle; the wording on the program was modified to allow high-mileage three-wheelers and Aptera reapplied, however the company went out of business before the DOE responded to their second application.
 Brammo asked for $45 million, application was rejected.
 Local Motors' Local Motors initial application (filed in 2009) was rejected, company said to be working on resubmission.
 Bright Automotive, who filed their application in 2008, went out of business in March 2012 after waiting 4 years for the DOE to respond and being unable to sustain continued operations.
 Coda Automotive, ultimately went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy on May 1, 2013.
 XP Vehicles - sued the U.S. Department of Energy

References

External links
Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program- Official website

United States federal energy legislation
Energy policy of the United States


Canada Camp was a Palestinian refugee camp in the northern Sinai near Rafah, formed in 1972 and evacuated in 2000. The Camp was named after the Canadian contingent of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I), which formerly had a camp at the location. Most refugees were relocated to Tel al-Sultan in southern Gaza.

Establishment

In the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel conquered the Sinai and the adjacent Gaza Strip. In 1970/71, Israel demolished homes in Rafah for road widening under the pretension of security measures. Sixteen thousand Palestinian refugees, a quarter of them in Rafah were forced to relocate when their shelters were destroyed by the Israeli authorities. At least two thousand of the displaced were moved to al-Arish, in the occupied Sinai, and several hundred to the West Bank.

In 1972, the Canada Camp Housing Project was established in Egyptian Rafah, just across the international boundary with Sinai, initiated by the Israeli Government. UNRWA provided schooling and some medical care with staff who had also been stranded across the border. The refugees had no right to work in Egypt and were provided with food rations and minimal amounts of cash aid.
 This camp became known as "Canada Camp", named after the Canadian contingent of the UNEF, which formerly had a camp at the location. A similar housing project was developed in 1973 in the Gazan part of Rafah,
called "Brazil Camp" after the Brazilian UNEF contingent. UNEF I was the first United nations Emergency Force, operating from November 1956 to June 1967 to serve as a buffer between the Egyptian and Israeli forces and supervise the ceasefire. It was withdrawn in May–June 1967, at Egypt's request.

Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty

The refugees were told, that under the 1978 Camp David Accords, Israel and Egypt had agreed on the repatriation of them to the Gaza Strip within 6 months. Following the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979, which resulted from the Camp David Accords, Israel withdrew from the Sinai in 1982. The Gaza–Egypt border was redrawn, but only 8 families returned to Gaza without any compensation. In 1985, there were still 488 families in Canada Camp.  However, funding problems, bureaucratic delays, lack of political will and difficult security conditions prolonged the process.

Relocation Plan
It was not until 1989 that a mechanism for the return of these refugees to the Gaza Strip was established and, with pressure and financial support from the government of Canada and the Kuwaiti fund for Arab Economic Development, together with effort from the other players (namely UNRWA, Israel and the Palestinian Authority) refugees started moving across the border, mainly to the Tall as-Sultan district of Rafah. In September 1989, Egypt and Israel signed an "Agreed Plan for the Relocation of Canada District Inhabitants to the Region of the Gaza Strip". It stated "that the relocation shall be carried out solely on the basis of the free will of the inhabitants of the Canada District".

As a result, only 20 households returned with $8,000, but without land. After the PLO had raised the compensation to $12,000 per household in 1991, 105 families returned to Gaza and in 1994 another 70. They received a plot of land in Tel el Sultan. The money was not enough to obtain a house, so everybody had to borrow. Israeli settlers in Gaza objected to the return of refugees and delivered in 1989 a rumour to the Jerusalem Post that since 1982 “training” had been given to people in Canada Camp and that the relocation would allow the entry of “750 terrorists” into Gaza.

After the 1993-1995 Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority became involved in the relocation process. It was not until 27 December 2000 that the last families were able to return.  Canada also provided funds for the construction of a community centre in Tall as-Sultan for the benefit of the returning families.

Daily life

Life for refugees in Canada Camp was particularly hard, as they were cut off from work in both Gaza and Israel, and unable to work in Egypt, in fact, they had to pay every six months to have their Egyptian visas renewed. Family and friends, unable to see each other due to the practical impossibility of gaining the necessary permits, could only communicate at the “shouting fence” across the border strip. Higher education and proper health care were only available by paying fees much higher than most people could afford. For treatment of serious medical problems, Canada Camp residents would have to pay locally or travel to the Palestine Red Crescent Hospital in Cairo.

Israel and Egypt disputed over the location where refugees could cross the border. Israel wanted them to use the Israel–controlled Rafah Terminal, Egypt insisted that the Salah al Din Gate in downtown Rafah (also known as the “pishpash” gate) be used, as it was the only direct crossing between Egypt and Gaza without going through Israeli-controlled areas.

See also
Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development

References

External links
UNRWA Profile Rafah Camp

Palestinian refugee camps in the Gaza Strip
Palestine refugee camps
Populated places disestablished in 2000
Sinai Peninsula


Hammes Company (or Hammes Co.) is a healthcare consulting firm, providing strategic planning, facility development, and real estate advisory to the healthcare industry. Headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Hammes Company grew from a real estate consulting firm founded in 1991 to the No. 1 developer of healthcare facilities in the United States by 2000. With the 2007 acquisition of Health Inventures, Hammes Company expanded its presence into worldwide markets.

History
Hammes Company was founded in 1991 as a real estate consulting firm. By December 1993, Hammes had five partners who watched over development of more than $100 million in property and $25 million in corporate, public sector and hospital facility development in five Midwestern states. In the mid-1990s, Hammes Company sought out other development work in the sports industry, creating Hammes Company Sports Development, Inc. This sports and entertainment division developed the University of Wisconsin–Madison's basketball and hockey arena, the Kohl Center. By 2003, Hammes had been ranked the No. 1 developer of health care facilities in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.

In January 2007, Hammes Co. purchased a majority interest in Health Inventures, a developer and manager of ambulatory surgery centers, surgical hospitals and diagnostic imaging centers worldwide. The acquisition expanded the presence of Hammes Co. from the United States into European markets. In June 2008, Hammes Co. agreed to manage the development of "the first new hospital to be built in the New Orleans area since Hurricane Katrina devastated the region." As of September 2008, Hammes Company had been ranked by Modern Healthcare magazine as the top developer of healthcare facilities in the country for the last nine years.

In the sports development unit, they have worked on the Kohl Center at UW–Madison, as well as serving as the construction manager for the $295 million renovation of Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Hammes Company also was the project manager for the new $1.6 billion MetLife stadium for the New York Giants and the New York Jets in New Jersey. The stadium seats 80,000 fans and opened for the 2010 season.

Hammes Company has worked with several healthcare providers, including Aurora Health Care's new $189 million hospital located in Summit, Wisconsin, and Inova Health System's  medical office building  in northern Virginia. Hammes Company also belongs to the Society for Healthcare Strategy and Market Development.

References

External links
Hammes Company Web site
Hammes Company Sports Development Web site

Consulting firms of the United States
Consulting firms established in 1991
Health care companies established in 1991
Companies based in Wisconsin
Medical and health organizations based in Wisconsin
1991 establishments in Wisconsin


In Israel, the Jerusalem metropolitan area is the area encompassing the approximately one hundred square miles surrounding the Old City of Jerusalem with a population of 1,253,900. The expansion of Jerusalem under Israeli law followed its official annexation of the city in the aftermath of the 1967 Six-Day War. Greater Jerusalem is divided into three areas: the outer ring, the New City/Center, and The Historical Center/Inner Ring.
The rings are mainly used as an administrative tool to incorporate, public transit, housing, and utility services under a common structure.
Greater Jerusalem can be said to encompass the entire City of Jerusalem (both its Western and Eastern parts) and its suburbs. It is the second largest metropolitan area in Israel, behind Gush Dan.

Metropolitan Rings

Notes
1. The population of "Jews and others" incl. Jews, non-Arab Christians and those not classified by religion.
2. Includes the city of Jerusalem.
3. Includes the cities Bet Shemesh, Maale Adumim, Mevasseret Zion, as well as many smaller towns (local councils). It does not include nearby Arab communities in Judea and Samaria/the West Bank, such as Ramallah, El Bireh, Bethlehem, Abu Dis, or Al-Eizariya.

See also

Old City (Jerusalem)
West Jerusalem
East Jerusalem
Jerusalem District
City Line (Jerusalem)
Green Line (Israel)
Positions on Jerusalem

References

Geography of Jerusalem District
Metropolitan areas of Israel


François Gilson (; born 16 November 1965) is a Belgian comics author. Signing his work simply as Gilson, he is best known for Mélusine.

Biography
François Gilson was born in 1965 in Arolsen, West Germany, where his father, who was with the Belgian Army, was stationed. He studied art at the Academy of Fine Arts in his hometown Liège, but soon turned to writing instead of artwork. Gilson created his first comic Rebecca in 1987, with Clarke, an old friend from school (born on the same day as Gilson) with whom he had started the fanzine Cafard already in secondary school. He professionally started working for Spirou magazine in 1989, where he became one of the main writers. Apart from contributing to the existing series Scrameustache, he wrote new series like Cactus Club for Bercovici, Mélusine for Clarke, and Garage Isidore for Olis (later succeeded by Stédo).

Bibliography
Rebecca: Bon anniversaire, Papy: 1987: artwork by Clarke, published by Khany
Garage Isidore: 1990 - : 12 albums, artwork by Olis, Stédo and now Alain Sikorski, published by Dupuis
Mélusine: 1992 - : 16 albums, artwork by Clarke, published by Dupuis (two translated in English by Cinebook Ltd)
Cactus Club: 1997 - : 9 albums, artwork by Philippe Bercovici, published by Dupuis
Sourimousse: 2002 - 2003: 9 illustrated books, artwork by Peral, published by Hemma (4 translated in English, 8 in Spanish, 2 in Norwegian, 1 in Portuguese (Brazil))
Les Courriers de l'étrange
Les Vétos: artwork by Peral, first album announced, published by Bamboo
Les Soeurs du mal: artwork by Schmurl, first album announced

Notes

External links
Biography at Lambiek Comiclopedia
Blog of Gilson (in French)

Living people
1965 births
Belgian comics writers


Hespérides Point () is a rocky point of land projecting into South Bay north-northwest of Johnsons Dock, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and forming the southwest side of the entrance to Emona Anchorage.  Surmounted by Hesperides Hill.  The area was visited by 19th century sealers operating from nearby Johnsons Dock.

The feature is named after the Spanish ocean exploration ship BIO Hesperides.

Location
The point is located at  which is 12.36 km east-northeast of Hannah Point, 3.7 km southeast of Smolyan Point and 1.59 km north of Ballester Point (British mapping in 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1991 and Bulgarian mapping in 1996, 2005 and 2009).

Maps
 Isla Livingston: Península Hurd. Mapa topográfico de escala 1:25 000.  Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991.
 L.L. Ivanov. Livingston Island: Central-Eastern Region. Scale 1:25000 topographic map.  Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 1996.
 L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
 L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map.  Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009.
 Bulgarian Base (Sheet 1 and Sheet 2): Antarctica, South Shetland Islands, Livingston Island. Scale 1:2000 topographic map. Sofia: Military Geographic Service, 2016. (in Bulgarian, map images on slides 6 and 7 of the linked report)

References
 SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer

Headlands of Livingston Island
Spain and the Antarctic


Ryszard Wasko (Waśko) (born February 21, 1947, in Nysa) is a Polish artist, who has worked in multimedia, including photography, film, video, installation, painting, and drawing. He is also known as a curator and organizer of art events.
He lives and works in Berlin.

Early life

Workshop of the Film Form (1970-1977)

He was born in Nysa. As a child he took painting-classes planning to become a painter and wanting to study at the Art Academy in Kraków. But instead of making his childhood dream come true, he made up his mind and went to Łódź, where he studied cinematography at the Film School between 1970 and 1975. During that time he became a member of Workshop of the Film Form, one of the most important artistic groups in Poland in the 70s. Workshop was an avant-garde collective of painters, filmmakers, critics, poets, philosophers and scientists, working with experimental film and multimedia. Later on Ryszard Wasko became a lecturer in the departments of experimental media and photography at the Film School in Lodz.

First accomplishments
In the 70s he took part in the XII São Paulo Art Biennial, documenta 6, the Third International Festival of Independent Avant-garde Film in London, the Sydney Biennale, the XI Biennale de Paris, the V Biennale of Spatial Forms among others.  He also created the Archives of Contemporary Thought (1979), a forum for symposia and art events.

Early works

After dealing with experimental film and photography, Wasko started to develop his painting skills again. "Wasko discovered himself as an artist and learned how to cope with everyday life with a greater vision of the world than simply the provincial circumstances of life. "  He left the Workshop of the Film Form and came to prominence as a conceptual artist. "After studying film-making at the Academy in Lodz in the late sixties, Wasko went on to become one of Poland's leading conceptualists, working as a pioneer in the media of video and photography. Much of this work focused on dense mathematical structures involving sequences of time and reality." His artistic output should be actually seen as a connection of two main fields: photography&film and painting. "(...) the character of Ryszard Wasko's work in general, as well as the character of his individual works, is often defined by inter-generic, inter-media relations. Those works set in motion a whole net of intertextual relations on the level of general structural and ontological determinants, and on the level of different types of perception and rules of interpretation. In other words, in order to grasp a work which belongs to a certain artistic genre in its specificity, one should refer to its non-specific features which are characteristic for another kind of art."

Construction in Process (1981)

"It is impossible (...) to separate his activities as an artist (as a maker of installations, as a creator of paintings and works on paper) from his other endeavors as a curator, organizer, teacher, writer, agitator (...)."
In 1981 in Lodz, Wasko initiated and organized Construction in Process, a series of exhibitions featuring works of art created on site. "(...) it was an important, and in fact crucial, event in the Polish arts scene of that era." Artists who were invited to participate in Construction in Process invite in turn, another group of participants, giving the project a dynamic, open character. " The event became a symbolic alternative to larger institutional art events, including high-powered state and corporate-sponsored biennials and market-driven art fairs." The participating artists were Richard Serra, Sol LeWitt, Brian O'Doherty, Dennis Oppenheim, Lawrence Weiner, Richard Nonas and others. After the first event in 1981 The Solidarity Collection (which includes works by the artists created for that event) came into existence. "Wasko continued to produce international events into the nineties, including two additional projects in Lodz (1990 and 1993), one in Israel (1995), one in Australia (1997), and another,(...) in the small town of Bydgogosz in north central Poland (2000)." 2006, 25 years after the opening of the first exhibition, Wasko established the Construction in Process-Museum (also in Lodz). Unfortunately, a waterdamage forced him to close it down (2008) and to devolve the collection to the Muzeum Sztuki in Lodz.

Exile (1983-1993)

Artistic career abroad

After Martial Law was brought on in Poland, Wasko decided to leave for Germany(1983). He received there a DAAD scholarship in Berlin among other residencies. In the 80s he improved as a painter. Besides numerous one-man-shows Wasko took part in several international exhitbitions e.g. at Centre Georges Pompidou, Kunsthalle Hamburg and the Venice Biennale (1991, 1999, 2001, 2007). At the same time he lectured extensively in Europe, including at Saint Martin's School of Art, Hochschule der Künste in Berlin and Freie Kunstakademie in Essen.
The Pollock-Krasner Foundation has awarded Ryszard Wasko three times (1988,1993,1998).

The International Artists' Museum

Wasko went to Poland in 1989 and founded The International Artists' Museum in Lodz. It had developed into a worldwide network of locally run art centers, linking artists and intellectuals from diverse backgrounds, locations, and disciplines. It was " (...) an on-going alternative space that shows the work of international artists." The Museum has organized and sponsored over 60 major international events, exhibitions, meetings, panels, concerts, readings, and projects focusing on art, culture, borders, community, and identity. Due to political changes in the city government the building of the International Artist's Museum at Tylna Street 14 has been sold to a private Bank (1998). The artistic community was not able to gather the vast sum of money the city of Lodz wanted for the property. The beautiful sculpture garden has been destroyed by the new owners. Only the work of Sol LeWitt is still standing at its original place."His paradoxical brand of conceptual humanism has always been toward developing a better world and more spiritually-oriented environment for artists in which they can produce work outside of marketing restrictions, and thus communicate ideas that will benefit common people." Unfortunately, his ideas were never understood by the authorities.

Growing up and experimentalizing

"For many years, austere, yet gorgeous, works on paper have been a big part of Wasko's oeuvre." The drawings brought him to artpieces on canvas. In that time Wasko acted mainly as a painter. He started working with different materials lik soot, was, fat, zinc, fire, and others. "(...) the most important modification was the use of different materials than before. (...) Wasko turned to the simplest, 'poor' means of natural origin."

Łódź (1993-2008)

Curator, director, teacher

Between 1990 and 1992 Wasko became Program Director at the P.S.1 Museum and Institute of Contemporary Art (today called P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center) in New York City and in 1997 he was chosen President of the International Artists Forum (IKG). At the same time he still handled the International Artist's Museum in Lodz. That town became Wasko's new home for over 15 years. The Valand School of Fine Arts in Göteborg invited him to give lectures as a Professor for two semesters (2004–2005).
His artwork has been shown mostly in Europe (e.g. Tate Modern Gallery) and the United States (e.g. The Museum of Modern Art in New York).

Lodz Biennale

In 2004 Wasko amplified a new idea: the Łódź Biennale, to be the first international Biennale in Eastern Europe.

Exploring new territories

Being successful as a director and curator he managed also to work creatively as an artist. In the 90s he worked mostly with primary painting materials like soot. He explored also the field of performance (Meal for the Rich & Poor, 1993) and installation (Child Territories, 1996). Around 2000 Wasko made his turn back to film and photography, but one should not think, he is an artist, who jumps from media to media, from material to material. His is an intermedial artist: "Wasko's works are not limited to any of the artistic genres he uses because they easily cross the borders between them: And his individual realizations, even if they remain - due to the materials used and some general genre manifestations - within a certain kind of art, they still cannot be explained by referring to the characteristics of that branch of art which is realized in them. On the contrary, quite often the fundamental principles which make up the structure of the artefacts come from a different branch of art than the one in which the works were actually created and where we would be inclined to place them."

Back in Berlin (2008)

In 2007, together with his wife Maria Wasko, he decided to move back to Berlin. They live there since 2008.
Recent solo exhibitions include a retrospection at the Museum of History of the City of Lodz (Ryszard Wasko, Lodz – Berlin, works 1971–1996) in 2008 and at the Haus am Lützowplatz in Berlin (Contemporary Portrait, Checkpoint Charlie Hypothetical) in 2009: "Ryszard Wasko zeigt in seiner gleichnamigen Malereiausstellung Bilder von Personen, die ihre Identität verbergen. Farbenfroh in Warhol'scher Plakativität verschwinden hier auch die letzten Details. Doch sind es Armeen oder vervielfältigte Individuen? Die Persönlichkeit wie das Anliegen bleiben bei Wasko auf der Strecke und der Hintergrund verschwimmt zu einem psychedelischen Farbenmeer."

"The entire trajectory of Ryszard Wasko's career has comprised a substantial, in many ways risk-taking and innovative, extension and enlargement of the role of the artist. (...) He is, in fact, one of those figures who consistently shakes things up and pushes the borders of the possible, certainly with a sense of mission, but also with humor and verve.
"

Gallery

References

Further reading

 Ryszard Wasko, Lodz – Berlin; works 1971-1996, Museum of History of the City of Lodz, Lodz 2008 (catalogue)
 1,2,3…Avant-Gardes Film / Art between experiment and archive, edited by Ł. Ronduda, F. Zeyfang, CSW Zamek Ujazdowski, Warsaw 2007
 G. Dietmar: Concrete Art in Europe after 1945, Ostfildern 2003
 Żywa Galeria. Łódzki Progresywny Ruch Artystyczny 1969-81, edited by J. Robakowski, ŁDK -  Galeria FF, Lodz 2000
 A. L. Rees: A History of Experimental Film and Video, Bury St Edmunds 1999
 Ryszard Wasko, Galeria FF, Lodz 1995 (catalogue)
 Emmett Williams: My life in flux – and vice versa, Stuttgart 1994
 History of The Artists' Museum, edited by Muzeum Artystów - International Artists' Museum, Lodz 1998
 Ohne die Rose tun wir's nicht für Joseph Beuys, edited by K. Staeck, Heidelberg 1986
 Ryszard Wasko: discontinuity, edited by R. Block, I. Lindemann, Berlin 1986 (catalogue)
 Construction in Process, Thousand Secretaries Press, New York 1982 (catalogue)
 Elementary Works by Wasko, Folkwang Museum, Essen 1981 (catalogue)

External links

 Ryszard Wasko, Lodz – Berlin; works 1971-1996 Retrospection at the Museum of History of the City of Lodz
 Ryszard Wasko: Bedtime Stories article by Robert C. Morgan
 Ryszard Wasko. Retrospection 1970-1990 critical text by Ryszard Kluszczyński
 Constructing the Process: Ryszard Wasko Looks Back interview for Art in America
 Construction in Process  history of the exhibition-series
 Lodz Biennale 2004
 Ryszard Wasko at the Galerie m Bochum

20th-century Polish painters
20th-century Polish male artists
21st-century Polish painters
21st-century Polish male artists
Polish contemporary artists
Polish installation artists
Polish conceptual artists
Polish contemporary painters
Photographers from Łódź
Polish experimental filmmakers
Living people
Recipients of the Silver Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis
1947 births
People from Nysa, Poland
Photographers from Berlin
Polish male painters


Georges Dransart (May 12, 1924 – June 14, 2005) was a French sprint canoeist, born in Paris, who competed from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won three medals with one silver (C-2 10000 m: 1956) and two bronzes (C-2 1000 m and C-2 10000 m: both 1948).

Dransart won two silver medals at the 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, earning them in the C-2 1000 m and C-2 10000 m events.

References

1924 births
2005 deaths
Sportspeople from Paris
Canoeists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
French male canoeists
Olympic canoeists for France
Olympic silver medalists for France
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Olympic medalists in canoeing
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in Canadian
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
20th-century French people


Alessandro Piperno (born 25 March 1972 in Rome) is an Italian writer and literary critic of Jewish descent, having a Jewish father and a Catholic mother.

He graduated in French Literature at the University of Rome, where he currently teaches and researches. In 2000, he published the controversial critical essay on Marcel Proust, inflammatorily entitled "Proust antiebreo (Proust, Anti-Jew)".

In 2005, he achieved notoriety with his first novel Con le peggiori intenzioni (translated as The Worst Intentions). Following general critical acclaim, and positive reviews on the Corriere della Sera (defining him the "new Proust"), his book became a bestseller in Italy (with 200,000 copies sold in a few months). For this book he won the Premio Campiello for best first novel. The book narrates the story of the Sonnino family spanning half a century, and especially the life of its youngest member, Daniel. Piperno's book attracted noticeable interest with the media, involving Piperno in a number of TV interviews and literary debates. His writing is described both as ironic and ironically self-referential, with a disenchanted view of society and life in general. His critics have emphasised Piperno's difficult storyline and its allegedly confused narration. He states his inspiration as coming from the great literature of the 19th century, as well as that of contemporary America. Besides Proust (naturally), he's been associated to Philip Roth.

In 2012, Piperno won the Premio Strega, Italy's leading literary award, for his novel Inseparabili (2012). It traces the lives of two brothers, Philip and Samuel Pontecorvo, after the painful death of their father Leo Pontecorvo. It is a sequel of Persecuzione published in 2010.

Piperno studied guitar and has a strong interest in music. Until 2005, when he reached success as a writer, he was part of the Roman rock-blues Random as the solo guitarist and singer. He's also a fan of soccer team Lazio.

Bibliography
Proust antiebreo (Proust, Anti-Jew), Franco Angeli Editore (Critical & Linguistic Series), 2000
Con le peggiori intenzioni, Mondadori (Italian & Foreign Writers), 2005 ; Mondadori (Collana Oscar Bestseller), 2006
The Worst Intentions (Europa Editions, 2007)
Il demone reazionario. Sulle tracce del "Baudelaire" di Sartre, Gaffi Editore, (2007)
La favola della vita vera, Corriere della Sera (Corti di Carta), short story, (2007)
Persecuzione. Il fuoco amico dei ricordi, Mondadori, (2010)
Contro la memoria, Roma, Fandango libri, (2012),
Inseparabili. Il fuoco amico dei ricordi, Mondadori, (2012)
Pubblici infortuni, Mondadori, (2013)
Dove la storia finisce, Milano, Mondadori, (2016)
Il manifesto del libero lettore: Otto scrittori di cui non so fare a meno, Mondadori, (2017)

Excerpts
"Yes, Swann tries to forget his own Judaism every so often, at least as much as Saint-Loup tries everything to let others forget he is, first of all, a Guermantes. Evidently, however, Judaism as much as aristocratic descent possess such a force that they totally overwhelm the single individual. Swann and Saint-Loup cannot do anything against chromosome enslavement. This is why Swann's face, at the end of his life, becomes as tragic and emaciated as that of Shylock, and why Saint-Loup's backside enlarges so much that it almost overlaps the similarly illustrious one of uncle Charlus."
--(transl. from "A la recherche de Proust", in The Gay Siècle, Monthly Diary, January 2006, p. 40)

"What's the point of writing a book entitled All the Anti-Semitic Jews: From Otto Weininger to Phillip Roth, and including yourself implicitly in that rich list, when everyone knows that you are neither Jewish nor anti-Semitic but would like to be both? For the oldest reason in the world: cunning, sustained by the desire to live, to get the most out of the little life has to offer. Make it extreme. Render it attractive to others, at the cost of the deception inflicted on oneself… A half-Jew against the Jews. A half-Jew who accuses Jews of racism and a half-Catholic who accuses Catholics of ecumenism… that essay of yours is merely a grand anti-Semitic manipulation, devised to the detriment of your guiltless relatives, and to your advantage: that sense of pride that infuses you with a masochistic violence mistaken by too many for intellectual honesty."
--The Worst Intentions (2007)

External links
The essay Proust, Anti-Jew, from website Marcelproust.it (full Italian text)
Profile for the Premio Campiello
"Il caso letterario che scatena le invidie" – Article on La Repubblica
Article on RaiNews24
I dolori del giovane Daniel – Article on Cattolica news, online magazine of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
"Un debutto al fuoco della controversia" – A synthesis of critical appraisals on "Le reti di Dedalus", newsletter of the Sindacato Nazionale Scrittori
The polemics on the Feltrinelli network
"The Piperno Case" on Nextbook
Review of The Worst Intentions, on Bookslut
Review of The Worst Intentions, on The Complete Review

Italian male writers
Italian people of Jewish descent
Singers from Rome
Living people
1972 births
Academic staff of the University of Rome Tor Vergata
University of Rome Tor Vergata alumni
21st-century Italian  male singers
Jewish Italian writers


Thomas McNamara may refer to:
 Thomas Francis McNamara (1867–1947), Irish Roman Catholic ecclesiastical architect
 Thomas William McNamara (1926–2020), United States Navy admiral
 Thomas E. McNamara (born 1940), United States diplomat and State Department official
 Tommy McNamara (born 1991), American professional soccer player

See also
 Tom McNamara (disambiguation)
 Thomas Macnamara (1861–1931), British teacher, educationalist and Liberal politician


Planet of the Apes is a 2001 American science fiction adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay by William Broyles Jr., Lawrence Konner, and Mark Rosenthal. The sixth installment in the Planet of the Apes film series, it is loosely based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Pierre Boulle and serves as a remake of the 1968 film version. The film stars Mark Wahlberg, Tim Roth, Helena Bonham Carter, Michael Clarke Duncan, Kris Kristofferson, Estella Warren, and Paul Giamatti. It tells the story of astronaut Leo Davidson (Wahlberg) crash-landing on a planet inhabited by intelligent apes. The apes treat humans as slaves, but with the help of an ape named Ari (Bonham Carter), Leo starts a rebellion.

Development for a Planet of the Apes remake started as far back as 1988 with Adam Rifkin. His project nearly reached the pre-production stage before being canceled. Terry Hayes's script, titled Return of the Apes, would have starred Arnold Schwarzenegger, under the direction of Phillip Noyce. Oliver Stone, Don Murphy, and Jane Hamsher were set to produce. Creative differences ensued between Hayes and distributor 20th Century Fox. Chris Columbus, Sam Hamm, James Cameron, Peter Jackson, and the Hughes brothers later became involved. With Broyles Jr.'s script, Burton was hired as director, and the film was put into active development. Konner and Rosenthal rewrote the script, and filming took place from November 2000 to April 2001.

Planet of the Apes was released in the United States on July 27, 2001, by 20th Century Fox. The film received mixed reviews from critics, who criticized the confusing plot and ending, but praised Rick Baker's prosthetic makeup designs, visual aspects, and musical score. Despite its financial success, Fox chose not to produce a sequel, and later rebooted the film series in 2011 with Rise of the Planet of the Apes.

Plot
In 2029, aboard the United States Air Force space station Oberon, Leo Davidson works closely with apes who are trained for space missions. His favorite ape co-worker is a chimpanzee named Pericles. With a deadly electromagnetic storm approaching the station, a small space pod piloted by Pericles is used to probe the storm. Pericles's pod heads into the storm and disappears. Leo takes a second pod to find Pericles. Entering the storm, Leo loses contact with the Oberon and, in 5021 A.D., crashes on a planet called Ashlar. He learns that the world is ruled by humanoid apes who speak English, use domesticated horses for transportation, and treat human beings as slaves.

Leo meets a female chimpanzee named Ari, who protests the mistreatment humans receive. Ari decides to buy Leo and a female slave named Daena to have them work as servants in the house of her father, Senator Sandar. Leo escapes his cage and frees other humans. Limbo, an orangutan trader in captured humans, sees them but is taken prisoner to ensure his silence. The murderous General Thade and his gorilla junior, Colonel Attar, march ape warriors to pursue the humans. Leo discovers Calima, the forbidden, but holy temple of "Semos", the first ape whom the apes revere as a god.

Calima turns out to be the remains of the Oberon which had crashed on the planet's surface and now looks ancient (the name Calima comes from the sign "CAution LIve aniMAls", the relevant letters being the only ones not covered in dust). According to the computer logs, the station has been there for thousands of years. Leo deduces that when he entered the vortex, he was pushed forward in time, while the Oberon, searching after him, was not, crashing on the planet long before he did.

The Oberon's log reveals that the apes on board, led by Semos, organized a mutiny and  took over the vessel after it crashed. The human and ape survivors of the struggle left the ship and their descendants are the people Leo has encountered since landing. The apes arrive and attack the humans who have gathered to see Leo, although he is able to even the odds when he uses the Oberons last fragments of fuel to fire a final blast at the first wave of apes. The battle stops when a familiar vehicle descends from the sky, which Leo immediately identifies as the pod piloted by Pericles, the chimpanzee astronaut who was pushed in time as Leo was and had just now found his way to the planet, the electromagnetic storm actually releasing people from it in an opposite direction in time to their entrance because they were actually traveling backwards not forward in time. When Pericles lands and the pod opens, the apes bow, interpreting his arrival as the return of Semos, and hostilities between humans and apes suddenly cease.

Pericles runs into the wreck of the Oberon and Leo runs after him, followed by General Thade. Thade and Leo fight. Pericles tries to help Leo, but Thade throws him hard against a wall. Thade takes Leo's gun from him and tries to fire it at Leo. Leo sees that Thade is within the pilot's deck and closes the automatic door, trapping Thade inside. Thade fires the gun repeatedly at the door, but the ricochets create sparks that scare Thade, who huddles under a control panel. Deciding to escape Ashlar and return to Earth, Leo gives Pericles to Ari, who promises to look after him. After saying farewell to Ari and Daena, Leo climbs aboard Pericles's undamaged pod and returns to the present through the same electromagnetic storm.

Leo crashes in Washington, D.C., on Earth and looks up at what appears to be the Lincoln Memorial, only to find that it is now a monument memorializing General Thade. A swarm of police officers, firefighters, and news reporters descend upon him, revealed to all be apes as Leo realizes that he is on ape-dominated Earth.

Cast
 Mark Wahlberg as Captain Leo DavidsonAn astronaut who accidentally enters a portal to another world inhabited by talking humanoid apes and is captured by them. Leo leads a rebellion of the planet's humans. Wahlberg had backed out of a commitment to Ocean's Eleven to take this role in Planet of the Apes (Matt Damon was eventually cast in the Ocean's Eleven role). Whereas other actors contending for the Leo Davidson role wanted to see the script before signing a contract, Wahlberg signed on after a five-minute meeting with Burton. To avoid evoking associations with his previous work as an underwear model, Wahlberg did not wear a loincloth, even though Heston had worn one in the original film.
 Tim Roth as General ThadeAn ambitious and brutal chimpanzee military commander who wants control over the ape civilization. Thade also intends to marry Ari, but she denies him due to his cold soul. Gary Oldman was originally cast in the role but dropped out due to financial reasons. Roth turned down the role of Severus Snape in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone because of his commitment to Planet of the Apes. Alan Rickman was eventually cast as Snape. Roth rewrote some scenes to give his character a more frightening presence.
 Helena Bonham Carter as AriA virtuous chimpanzee who protests the way humans are treated. She helps Leo lead the rebellion. Burton met Bonham Carter while casting for the film, telling her "Don't take this the wrong way, but you were the first person I thought of to play a chimpanzee." They were in a relationship for 13 years and had two children.
 Michael Clarke Duncan as Colonel AttarA gorilla military officer who was Thade's closest associate and second in-command. Djimon Hounsou had turned down the role because of scheduling conflicts with The Four Feathers. Ron Perlman was also a potential candidate that Rick Baker vouched for and even did a design on an old lifecast.
 Kris Kristofferson as Karubi, Daena's father. Karubi is killed by Thade while trying to escape. Kristofferson had immediately agreed to be cast. "The director Tim Burton is a hero of mine. I have eight kids and we've seen all of his films from Pee-wee's Big Adventure to Sleepy Hollow many times."
 Estella Warren as DaenaA female slave and Karubi's daughter, she develops a romantic attraction to Leo.
 Paul Giamatti as LimboA comical orangutan who works in the trade business of human slaves. Limbo is caught in the conflict between humans and apes and tries his best to simply survive. Giamatti drew inspiration from W. C. Fields for his performance.
 Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as General KrullA firm but fair gorilla and former military leader whose career had been destroyed by Thade. Krull became a servant of Senator Sandar and assisted the humans in their rebellion.
 David Warner as Senator Sandar, a politician, who is also Ari's father.
 Erick Avari as Tival, a member of the human resistance.
 Luke Eberl as Birn, a young human who fights in the rebellion.
 Lisa Marie as Nova, Senator Nado's chimpanzee companion.
 Evan Parke as Gunnar, a member of the human resistance.
 Glenn Shadix as Senator Nado, a pompous orangutan politician in ape society.

Other roles include Freda Foh Shen (Bon), Chris Ellis (Lt. Karl Vasich), Anne Ramsay (Lt. Col. Grace Alexander), Michael Jace (Maj. Frank Santos), Andrea Grano (Maj. Maria Cooper), Kam Heskin (Friend at Leo's Party), and Melody Perkins (Friend at Leo's Party). Jonah & Jacob (both uncredited) as Pericles, the trained chimpanzee who works with Leo on the space station.

There are also cameo appearances by Charlton Heston (uncredited) as Zaius, Thade's father, and Linda Harrison (the woman in the cart). Both participated in the first two films in the original series, Planet of the Apes (1968) and Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970) as George Taylor and Nova, respectively.

Development

Late 1980s
20th Century Fox president Craig Baumgarten was impressed with Adam Rifkin's filmmaking with Never on Tuesday. In 1988, Rifkin was brought in the studio to pitch ideas for films. Rifkin, being a fan of the 1968 Planet of the Apes felt it was best to continue the film series. "Having independent film experience, I promised I could write and direct a huge-looking film for a reasonable price and budget, like Aliens." Fox commissioned Rifkin to write what amounted to a sequel, "but not a sequel to the fifth film, an alternate sequel to the first film". He took influences from Spartacus, with the storyline being "the ape empire had reached its Roman era. A descendant of Charlton Heston's character named Duke would eventually lead a human slave revolt against the oppressive Romanesque apes, led by General Izan. A real sword and sandal spectacular, monkey style. Gladiator did the same movie without the ape costumes."

Titled Return to the Planet of the Apes, the project was put on fast track and almost entered pre-production. Rick Baker was hired to design the prosthetic makeup with Danny Elfman composing the film score. Tom Cruise and Charlie Sheen were in contention for the lead role. "I can't accurately describe in words the utter euphoria I felt knowing that I, Adam Rifkin, was going to be resurrecting the Planet of the Apes. It all seemed too good to be true. I soon found out it was." Days before the film was to commence pre-production, new studio executives arrived at Fox, which caused creative differences between Rifkin and the studio. Rifkin was commissioned to rewrite the script through various drafts. The project was abandoned until Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh pitched their own idea, with the apes going through a Renaissance. In the story, the ape government becomes concerned over the new art works, the humans are revolting and the liberal apes shelter a half-human, half-ape from the gorillas. Roddy McDowall was enthusiastic about their proposal and agreed to play the Leonardo da Vinci-type character they had written for him. However, the executive Jackson spoke to was not a fan of the series and seemingly unaware of McDowall's involvement in the series, and Jackson turned his attention back to Heavenly Creatures.

Oliver Stone
By 1993, Fox hired Don Murphy and Jane Hamsher as producers. Sam Raimi and Oliver Stone were being considered as possible directors, though Stone signed on as executive producer/co-writer with a $1 million salary. On the storyline, Stone explained in December 1993, "It has the discovery of cryogenically frozen Vedic Apes who hold the secret numeric codes to the Bible that foretold the end of civilizations. It deals with past versus the future. My concept is that there's a code inscribed in the Bible that predicts all historical events. The apes were there at the beginning and figured it all out."

Stone brought Terry Hayes to write the screenplay entitled Return of the Apes. Set in the near future, a plague is making humans extinct. Geneticist Will Robinson discovers the plague is a genetic time bomb embedded in the Stone Age. He time travels with a pregnant colleague named Billie Rae Diamond to a time when Palaeolithic humans were at war for the future of the planet with highly evolved apes. The apes' supreme commander is a gorilla named Drak. Robinson and Billie Rae discover a young human girl named Aiv (pronounced Eve) to be the next step in evolution. It is revealed that it was the apes that created the virus to destroy the human race. They protect her from the virus, thus ensuring the survival of the human race 102,000 years later. Billie Rae gives birth to a baby boy named Adam.

Fox president Peter Chernin called Return of the Apes "one of the best scripts I ever read". Chernin was hoping Hayes' script would create a franchise that included sequels, spin-off television shows and merchandise. In March 1994, Arnold Schwarzenegger signed on as Will Robinson with the condition he had approval of director. Chuck Russell was considered as a possible director before Phillip Noyce was hired in January 1995, while pre-production was nearing commencement with a $100 million budget. Stone first approached Rick Baker, who worked on Rifkin's failed remake, to design the prosthetic makeup, but eventually hired Stan Winston.

Fox became frustrated by the distance between their approach and Hayes' interpretation of Stone's ideas. As producer Don Murphy put it, "Terry wrote a Terminator and Fox wanted The Flintstones". Fox studio executive Dylan Sellers felt the script could be improved by comedy. "What if Robinson finds himself in Ape land and the Apes are trying to play baseball? But they're missing one element, like the pitcher or something." Sellers continued. "Robinson knows what they're missing and he shows them, and they all start playing." Sellers refused to give up his baseball scene, and when Hayes turned in the next script, sans baseball, Sellers fired him. Dissatisfied with Sellers' decision to fire Hayes, Noyce left Return of the Apes in February 1995 to work on The Saint.

Columbus and Cameron
Stone pursued other films of his own, Chernin was replaced by Thomas Rothman, and a drunken Sellers crashed his car, killing a much-loved colleague and earning jail time, while producers Murphy and Hamsher were paid off. "After they got rid of us, they brought on Chris Columbus", Murphy stated. "Then I heard they did tests of apes skiing, which didn't make much sense." Stan Winston was still working on the makeup designs. Columbus brought Sam Hamm, his co-writer on an unproduced Fantastic Four script, to write the screenplay. "We tried to do a story that was simultaneously an homage to the elements we liked from the five films, and would also incorporate a lot of material [from Pierre Boulle's novel] that had been jettisoned from the earlier production," Hamm continued. "The first half of the script bore little resemblance to the book, but a lot of the stuff in the second half comes directly from it, or directly inspired by it."

Hamm's script had an ape astronaut from another planet crash-landing in New York Harbor, launching a virus that will make human beings extinct. Dr. Susan Landis, who works for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Alexander Troy, an Area 51 scientist, use the ape's spacecraft to return to the virus' planet of origin, hoping to find an antidote. They find an urban environment where apes armed with heavy weapons hunt humans. The main villain was Lord Zaius; in contrast to Dr. Zaius, Lord Zaius was very cruel to the humans. Landis and Troy discover the antidote and return to Earth, only to find in their 74-year absence that apes have taken over the planet. "The Statue of Liberty's once proud porcelain features have been crudely chiseled into the grotesque likeness of a great grinning ape".

Schwarzenegger remained attached, but Fox had mixed emotions with Hamm's script. When Columbus dropped out in late 1995 to work on Jingle All the Way, Fox offered the director's position to Roland Emmerich in January 1996. James Cameron was in talks during the filming of Titanic as writer and producer. Cameron's version would have drawn elements from the original film and its sequel Beneath the Planet of the Apes. After the financial and critical success of Titanic, Cameron dropped out. After learning about his previous involvement, Chernin and Rothman met with Peter Jackson to learn about his original Renaissance idea. Jackson turned down directing the film with Schwarzenegger and Cameron as his producer, recognizing they would probably conflict over the direction. Schwarzenegger left to work on Eraser. Michael Bay then turned down the director's position. Jackson again turned down the project while facing the possible cancellation of The Lord of the Rings in 1998, because he was unenthusiastic following Roddy McDowall's death. In mid-1999, the Hughes brothers were interested in directing but were committed to From Hell.

Pre-production
In 1999, William Broyles Jr. turned down the chance to write the script, but decided to sign on "when I found out I could have an extensive amount of creative control". Fox projected the release date for July 2001, while Broyles sent the studio an outline and a chronicle of the fictional planet "Aschlar". Entitled The Visitor and billed as "episode one in the Chronicles of Aschlar", Broyles' script caught the attention of director Tim Burton, who was hired in February 2000. The film deviated from Burton's usual gothic films. "I wasn't interested in doing a remake or a sequel of the original Planet of the Apes film," Burton said later. "But I was intrigued by the idea of revisiting that world. Like a lot of people, I was affected by the original film. I wanted to do a 're-imagining'." Richard D. Zanuck signed on as producer in March. "This is a very emotional film for me. I greenlighted the original Apes when I was the head of Fox in 1967."

Under Burton's direction, Broyles wrote another draft, but his script was projected at a $200 million budget. Fox wanted to cut it to $100 million. In August 2000, two months before principal photography, Fox brought Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal for rewrites. Broyles "had a lot of respect with the work they [Konner and Rosenthal] did. And to think that given what I'd done and given what Tim wanted, they navigated the right course." One of the considered endings had Leo Davidson crash-landing at Yankee Stadium, witnessing apes playing baseball. Various alternatives were considered before the filmmakers decided on the final one. The production of Planet of the Apes was a difficult experience for Burton. This was largely contributed by Fox's adamant release date (July 2001), which meant that everything from pre-production to editing and visual effects work was rushed.

Konner and Rosenthal were rewriting the script even as sets were being constructed. Ari, Helena Bonham Carter's character, was originally a princess. She was changed to "a Senator's daughter with a liberal mentality". One of the drafts had General Thade, Tim Roth's character, as an albino gorilla, but Burton felt chimpanzees were more frightening. Limbo, Paul Giamatti's character "was supposed to turn into a good guy. There was supposed to be this touching personal growth thing at the end," Giamatti reflected. "But Tim [Burton] and I both thought that was kind of lame so we decided to just leave him as a jerk into the end."

Filming
Burton wanted to begin filming in October 2000, but it was pushed back to November 6, 2000 and ended in April 2001. Filming for Planet of the Apes began at Lake Powell, where parts of the original film were shot. Due to a local drought, production crews had to pump in extra water. The film was mostly shot at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California, while other filming locations included lava plains in Hawaii and Trona Pinnacles at Ridgecrest. To preserve secrecy, the shooting script did not include the ending. Fox considered using computer-generated imagery to create the apes, but Burton insisted on using prosthetic makeup designed by Rick Baker. Baker was previously involved with Adam Rifkin's and Oliver Stone's unproduced remakes. Burton commented, "I have a relationship with both of them (Winston and Baker), so that decision was hard," he says. "Stan worked on Edward Scissorhands and Baker did Martin Landau's makeup [as Béla Lugosi in Ed Wood]".

On his hiring, Baker explained, "I did the Dino De Laurentiis version of King Kong in 1976 and was always disappointed because I wasn't able to do it as realistically as I wanted. I thought Apes would be a good way to make up for that." In addition to King Kong, Baker previously worked with designing ape makeup on Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes, Gorillas in the Mist, and the 1998 remake of Mighty Joe Young. The makeup took ranged from 2 to 4 & 1/2 hours to apply and an hour to remove. Burton explained, "it's like going to the dentist at two in the morning and having people poke at you for hours. Then you wear an ape costume until nine at night." Burton was adamant that the apes should be substantially "more animal-like; flying through trees, climb walls, swing out of windows, and go ape shit when angry." For a month and a half before shooting started, the actors who portrayed apes attended "ape school" under the choreography of Terry Notary. Industrial Light & Magic, Rhythm and Hues Studios and Animal Logic were commissioned for the visual effects sequences. Rick Heinrichs served as the production designer and Colleen Atwood did costume design.

To compose the film score, Burton hired regular collaborator Danny Elfman, who had previously been set as composer when Adam Rifkin was attached to do his own remake of the original back in 1989 before various filmmakers, including but eventually Burton himself, were attempted to do so later on. Elfman noted that his work on Planet of the Apes contained more percussion instruments than usual.

During filming, Roth held a grudge against Heston due to his work with the National Rifle Association: "It was very difficult for me. On one level, there's the man and he's my dad. But on the other level, the whole NRA thing is what it is now. I'm so against it, very vocally so. But it was inappropriate for the workplace. If I'm going to talk to him, I'll talk to him outside the workplace. So it was just two guys in makeup doing a scene."  Roth later claimed he would not have appeared in the film had he known he would be sharing a scene with Heston.

Reception

Box office
Hasbro released a toy line, while Dark Horse Comics published a comic book adaptation. The original release date for the film was July 4, 2001. Planet of the Apes was released on July 27, 2001 in 3,500 theaters across the United States and Canada, grossing $68,532,960 in its opening weekend. This was the second-highest opening weekend of 2001, after Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. The film also dethroned Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace for having the best opening for any 20th Century Fox film. At that point, it had the second-highest opening weekend of any film, behind The Lost World: Jurassic Park. It was the second film of the year to cross the $60 million mark during its first three days, following The Mummy Returns. This record would be later joined by Monsters, Inc. and Rush Hour 2. Both the latter film and Planet of the Apes teamed up with Jurassic Park III and American Pie 2  to become the first four consecutive films to make an opening weekend above the $45 million mark. Planet of the Apes crushed X-Mens record for having the largest July opening weekend. The film would hold that record until Austin Powers in Goldmember took it in 2002. It also achieved the record for generating the highest non-sequel July opening weekend, which would be held until 2007 when it was overtaken by Transformers. Additionally, the film surpassed Batman Returns for scoring the biggest opening weekend for a Tim Burton film. It would go on to hold this record for less than a decade until it was taken by Alice in Wonderland in 2010. For its second weekend, the film made a total of $28.5 million.

Meanwhile, Planet of the Apes would begin to expand to Asian countries. While the film was unable to take the top chart spot from Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away, its opening was still a strong start to the company's international roll-out in one of the most significant international territories. Plus, it had a record opening in Brazil. It took in $1.5 million from 366 screens, beating the previous record held by Independence Day. In Mexico, Planet of the Apes earned $3.1 million from 547 screens, making it the second largest movie opening in the country, after Dinosaur. The film went on to gross $180,011,740 in the United States and Canada and $182,200,000 elsewhere, for a worldwide total of $362,211,740. Planet of the Apes was the tenth-highest-grossing film in North America, and ninth-highest worldwide, of 2001.

Project APE
To help promote the release of Planet of the Apes, 20th Century Fox collaborated with Geocaching and released an internet marketing campaign nicknamed "Project APE", that involved people going out into the real world. Geocaching was barely a year old at the time, and was just beginning to become more well known. The promotion's backstory, which actually had no connection to the movie, was that a group of renegade humans were placing artefacts (geocaches) around the globe in an effort to reveal an Alternate Primate Evolution. Over the course of several weeks in 2001, a cache containing props and memorabilia from the movie (prop blindfolds, prop knives, posters, trading cards and more)  was released every week. However, the cache's location was not given, but clues were given throughout the week that narrowed down the location until the cache's coordinates were released on a Friday. It was then a race to get to the cache, with the first person arriving at the location getting a pick of the goodies in the cache. The caches were large ammo boxes, with "Project APE" spray painted on the front. Fourteen caches were placed in a series of missions numbered 1–12 (one was "Special Movie" for the movie premiere in New York and there was a Mission 10a & 10b, with 10b being another cache with the London premiere tickets). Evidence points to a potential Mission 13, but no cache page has been found for it. Most of the caches did not last beyond a couple of finds, as most of them were muggled (stolen). Only two caches are active today, with one located outside of Seattle, Washington, and the other in Brazil.

Critical response
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes Planet of the Apes has an approval rating of 44% based on 158 reviews, with an average rating of 5.51/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "This remake of Planet of the Apes can't compare to the original in some critics' minds, but the striking visuals and B-movie charms may win you over." On Metacritic the film has an average score of 50 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2½ stars. He praised the twist ending, but felt the film lacked a balanced story structure.
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave a negative review. "Call it a letdown, worsened by the forces of shoddy screenwriting. To quote Heston in both films, 'Damn them, damn them all'."
Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times believed "the actors in the nonhuman roles are mostly too buried by makeup to make strong impressions. Unfortunately, none of the good work counts as much as you'd think it would," Turan said. "Planet of the Apes shows that taking material too seriously can be as much of a handicap as not taking it seriously at all." Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times gave a more favorable review, feeling the script was balanced and the film served its purpose as "pure entertainment". Susan Wloszczyna of USA Today enjoyed Planet of the Apes, feeling most of the credit should go to prosthetic makeup designer Rick Baker.

Much criticism was leveled against the ambiguous ending. Tim Roth, who portrayed General Thade, said "I cannot explain that ending. I have seen it twice and I don't understand anything." Helena Bonham Carter, who played Ari, said, "I thought it made sense, kind of. I don't understand why everyone went, 'Huh?' It's all a time warp thing. He's gone back and he realizes Thade's beat him there." Although the ending was ambiguous, it was closer to the ending of the actual Pierre Boulle book than was the ending of the 1968 Charlton Heston movie version. In the first of two twist endings of the Pierre Boulle book, the astronaut escapes back to planet Earth, only to be greeted by a gorilla in a jeep on the landing strip. Burton claimed the ending was not supposed to make any sense, but it was more of a cliffhanger to be explained in a possible sequel. "It was a reasonable cliffhanger that could be used in case Fox or another filmmaker wanted to do another movie," he explained. In 2011, Mark Wahlberg attributes the "failure" of the film to reboot the franchise to the studio's desire to crank out the movie before it was ready: "They didn't have the script right. They had a release date before he had shot a foot of film. They were pushing him and pushing him in the wrong direction. You have got to let Tim do his thing."

The film was nominated for two BAFTA Awards, one for Best Make-up held by Rick Baker, the other for Best Costume Design. Roth (Supporting Actor), Bonham Carter (Supporting Actress), Colleen Atwood (Costume), and Rick Baker (Make-up) received nominations at the Saturn Awards. Atwood and Baker were nominated at the 55th British Academy Film Awards, while music composer Danny Elfman was nominated for his work at the 43rd Grammy Awards. Planet of the Apes won Worst Remake at the 22nd Golden Raspberry Awards, while Heston (Worst Supporting Actor) and Estella Warren (Worst Supporting Actress) also won awards. At the 2001 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, the film received nominations for Worst Director (Burton), Worst Supporting Actress (Warren), and Worst Screenplay for a Film Grossing Over $100M Worldwide Using Hollywood Math, but it failed to win any of those.

Future

Cancelled sequel
Fox stated that if Planet of the Apes was a financial success, then a sequel would be commissioned. Ultimately, they decided against pursuing another film. When asked whether he would be interested in working on a follow-up, director Tim Burton replied, "I'd rather jump out a window." Mark Wahlberg and Helena Bonham Carter would have returned if Burton had decided to make another Apes film. Paul Giamatti had been interested in reprising his role. "I think it'd be great to have apes driving cars, smoking cigars," Giamatti said. "Wearing glasses, sitting in a board room, stuff like that." Planet of the Apes was the last film Burton worked on with his former fiancée Lisa Marie. After their relationship broke up, Burton started a relationship with Bonham Carter, who portrayed Ari. Planet of the Apes was also Burton's first collaboration with producer Richard D. Zanuck.

Reboot
Fox returned to the franchise in 2011 with Rise of the Planet of the Apes, a reboot of the series that led to its own sequels.

Video game

In 1998, after 20th Century Fox had greenlit James Cameron's version of the film remake, the company's video game division, Fox Interactive, started planning a video game tie-in. The film project went on hold when Cameron pulled out, but Fox Interactive remained confident a remake would progress eventually and continued with the game. Fox contracted French company Visiware as developer; with the film on hold, the creators developed their own story inspired by Boulle's novel and the original films. The game is an action-adventure in which the player controls astronaut Ulysses after he crashes on the Planet of the Apes. The game was developed for PC and PlayStation.

The game experienced serious delays due to setbacks with the film project and Fox Interactive's decision to co-publish with a third party. Despite its long development, the game missed the debut of Burton's film. Fox Interactive and co-publisher Ubisoft finally released the PC version on September 20, 2001; the PlayStation version followed on August 22, 2002. The game received mostly negative reviews.

Additionally, Ubisoft and developer Torus Games produced a substantially different Planet of the Apes game for Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Color. It is a side-scroller following the first two films; the player controls astronaut Ben on the Planet of the Apes. The Game Boy versions received average reviews.

Home media
Planet of the Apes was released on DVD and VHS on November 20, 2001. DVD rentals grossed  in the United States, . This THX certified two-disc DVD release features rare Nuon technology, which can only be used on Nuon-enhanced DVD players. These Nuon features include viddies and various zoom points during the film. The first disc features audio commentaries with Tim Burton and Danny Elfman, cast and crew profiles and enhanced viewing mode. It also contains a DTS 5.1 audio track and DVD-ROM. On the second disc, there are extended scenes, an HBO special, The Making of Planet of the Apes, behind-the-scenes footage, theatrical trailers, TV spots, previews for Moulin Rouge! and Dr. Dolittle 2, posters and press kit, a music promo, screen tests, galleries, multi-angle featurettes and more.

References

Further reading
  Novelization of the film.
  A detailed analysis of the making of the film.

External links

Planet of the Apes films
2001 science fiction films
2001 films
American science fiction films
Remakes of American films
Films scored by Danny Elfman
Films about slavery
Films about apes
Films based on French novels
Films directed by Tim Burton
Films set in Washington, D.C.
Films set in 2029
Films set in the future
Fiction set in the 6th millennium
Films shot in Arizona
Films shot in Sydney
Films shot in California
Films shot in Hawaii
Films shot in Utah
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
American post-apocalyptic films
Reboot films
Films about time travel
20th Century Fox films
Films produced by Richard D. Zanuck
American dystopian films
The Zanuck Company films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


Love Can Do That is an album by Elaine Paige, released in 1991. It was Paige's first album released by RCA and marketed in Europe by BMG. Produced by Dennis Lambert and recorded at The Zoo in Encino, California. The album reached #36 in the UK album chart.

The album was the nearest Paige's recordings came to contemporary pop, featuring a number of ballads that were previously recorded by artists such as Barbra Streisand's "Heart Don't Change My Mind" and Cyndi Lauper's "True Colors". The songs also included "Same Train", a duet with Christopher Cross, and "Only The Very Best", from the concept musical Tycoon for which Tim Rice wrote an English lyric. The song was originally performed in French in the musical Starmania.

Track listing

 "Love Can Do That" (Diane Warren)
 "Oxygen" (Nik Kershaw)
 "Heart Don't Change My Mind" (Diane Warren/Robbie Buchanan)
 "Same Train” (featuring Christopher Cross) (Dyna Brein/Cal Curtis/Chris Farren)
 "You Don't Own Me" (John Madara/David White)
 "I Only Have Eyes for You" (Al Dubin/Harry Warren)
 "Well Almost" (Mike Chapman/Holly Knight)
 "True Colours" (Tom Kelly/Billy Steinberg)
 "If I Love You" (Toni Jolene/Jim Weatherly)
 "He's Out Of My Life" (Tom Bahler)
 "Only The Very Best" (Michel Berger/Luc Plamondon/Tim Rice) - from the musical Starmania
 "Grow Young" (Jimmy Webb)

Personnel

Musicians
Elaine Paige - vocals
Christopher Cross - vocals (on “Same Train”)
Claude Gaudette - keyboards, bass, drums and percussion
Michael Thompson - guitar
Dennis Lambert - percussion, backing vocals
Katrina Perkins - backing vocals
Jean McClain - backing vocals
Darryl Phinesse - backing vocals
David Lawrence - keyboards, bass, drums, percussion, backing vocals
Robbie Buchanan - keyboards, bass, drums, percussion
Paul Jackson Jr. - guitars
Michael Baird - drums
David Boroff - saxophone
Rickey Grundy Chorale - backing vocals
Gerald Vince - strings
Bob Sanov - strings
Ray Tisher - strings
Fred Seykora - strings

Production
Producer - Dennis Lambert
Production co-ordinator - Marrianne L. Pellicci
Assistant engineers - Lawrence Fried, Elaine Anderson, Sally Browder and Pat MacDougal
Arranger and programmer - Claude Gaudette, Robbie Buchanan and David Lawrence
Basic track, vocals and guitar recording - Jeremy Smith, Doug Rider and Gabe Veltri
Mixer - Brian Malouf, Jeremy Smith, Doug Rider and Gabe Veltri
Strings Contractor - Joe Saldo
Mixing Studios - The Zoo, Smoketree, O'Henry and Can Am Studios

References

1991 albums
Elaine Paige albums


Georges Gandil (18 May 1926 – 24 October 1999) was a French sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1940s. He won two bronze medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, earning them in the C-2 1000 m and C-2 10000 m events.

References
Georges Gandil's profile at Sports Reference.com

1926 births
1999 deaths
Canoeists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
French male canoeists
Olympic canoeists for France
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Olympic medalists in canoeing
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics


The English Cemetery, Il Cimitero degli Inglesi, or more correctly,  Il Cimitero acattolico di Santa Maria delle Fede, is located near Piazza Garibaldi, Naples, Italy. It was the final resting place of many Swiss, Germans, Americans, Irish, Scottish and English who lived in Naples, were passing through on the Grand Tour, or were merchants or seamen.

History
The cemetery was the burial place of the (mainly foreign) Protestants who died in Naples, although people of other religions ended up here as well. It was a unique memorial to the foreigners who formed part of the commercial elite of Naples at that time.

The cemetery was closed for burials in 1893 and its maintenance given over to the British consulate. Over the following half-century what was once a romantic memory of the bourgeoisie of 18th-century Naples was scandalously allowed to fall into disrepair. Statues were vandalized and stolen and the entire cemetery became overgrown with weeds and vegetation. At the end of the 1950s the cemetery was donated to the Comune of Naples and a plan was drawn up for the re-utilization of the area. This foresaw the conversion of the cemetery into a public park, retaining some of the memorials as a reminder of the history of the cemetery and those interred in it. However, while most of the remaining land area of the cemetery was retained, only a fraction of the memorials were renovated and preserved, and the original ambience was almost obliterated in the construction of the public park.

Since its re-opening as a park in the early 1990s, some of the remaining memorials have been vandalized.

Burials and inscriptions

In 1980 the land was returned by the British Consulate to the comune of Naples, and was made into a park. Almost all the graves were moved to the Cemetery of Poggioreale. However, records remain of those who were buried here in the 19th century, along with some inscriptions.

Notable burials

 Mary Somerville (née Fairfax), Scottish mathematician and theoretical astronomer
 Dionysius Lardner Irish scientific writer
 Anton Sminck van Pitloo (1790–1837), Dutch painter
 William Gell (1777–1836), English archaeologist, traveller and writer
 Keppel Richard Craven (1779–1851), English traveller and dilettante
 Elizabeth Craven, Princess Berkeley and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1750–1828), English socialite, playwright and travel writer
 Friedrich Dehnhardt, German botanist

Among others buried here were seven members of the crew of HMS Hannibal, which was used to transport Garibaldi's soldiers. The ship arrived in Naples in July 1860. In November a smallpox epidemic broke out, and in ten days the British admiral reported that ninety men had caught the disease, including himself. A memorial was erected by the crew of HMS Hannibal in memory of their shipmates.

Notes

References

External links
 Naples: Life, Death & Miracles website

Cemeteries in Naples
Anglican cemeteries in Italy
Protestant Reformed cemeteries
Parks in Naples


The Canton of Romilly-sur-Seine-1 is a former canton of the arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine, in the Aube department, in northern France. It had 9,558 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 12 communes:

Crancey
La Fosse-Corduan
Gélannes
Maizières-la-Grande-Paroisse
Origny-le-Sec
Orvilliers-Saint-Julien
Ossey-les-Trois-Maisons
Pars-lès-Romilly
Romilly-sur-Seine (partly)
Saint-Hilaire-sous-Romilly
Saint-Loup-de-Buffigny
Saint-Martin-de-Bossenay

References

Romilly-sur-Seine-1st
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015


Charles Judson Wallace (born December 31, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player.

High school
Wallace grew up in Atlanta, Georgia, and attended The Westminster Schools, where he lettered in basketball, both his junior and senior year.

College career
Wallace played college basketball at Princeton University, with the Princeton Tigers, from 2001 to 2005.

Professional career
A graduate of Princeton University, Wallace began his pro career in Germany, and he played with the Eisbären Bremerhaven for two years, before moving to Orlandina Basket (Capo D' Orlando) in the Italian first league. During the 2007–08 season, Wallace led the Italian league in rebounding, at a nearly 10.8 boards per game average, while also scoring 14.4 points a game, and shooting nearly 38% from three-point range. Along with Italian legend Gianmarco Pozzecco, and the other Orlandina players, the Capo D' Orlando team finished in the sixth position, in its first-ever trip to the Italian league playoffs, where they eventually lost to Air Avellino.

From 2008 to 2010, he played with the Italian club Benetton Treviso. For the 2010–11 season, he signed with the Spanish ACB League club Gran Canaria.

On September 7, 2011, Wallace signed a two-year deal with the Spanish powerhouse FC Barcelona.

On August 6, 2013, Wallace signed a two-year deal with Italian club Emporio Armani Milano. In July 2014, he was released from Milano, along with Gani Lawal.

On November 20, 2014, Wallace signed a one-month deal with Élan Chalon of the French LNB Pro A. On January 5, 2015, he signed with French club Le Mans Sarthe Basket, for the rest of the season.

On January 4, 2016, he signed with Capitanes de Arecibo of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional.

Career statistics

EuroLeague

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2011–12
| style="text-align:left;"| FC Barcelona
| 20 || 0 || 13.3 || .353 || .349 || .722 || 2.5 || .4 || .6 || .2 || 4.1 || 3.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012–13
| style="text-align:left;"| FC Barcelona
| 31 || 6 || 16.9 || .472 || .350 || .652 || 3.9 || 1.3 || .7 || .1 || 4.1 || 6.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013–14
| style="text-align:left;"| Emporio Armani Milano
| 25 || 8 || 14.0 || .381 || .333 || .714 || 3.2 || .7 || .5 || .2 || 3.8 || 4.4
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 76 || 14 || 14.9 || .411 || .344 || .691 || 3.3 || .8 || .6 || .1 || 4 || 4.8

References

External links
 Eurobasket.com Profile
 FIBA Game Center Profile
 Spanish League Profile
 Italian League Profile

1982 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Capitanes de Arecibo players
CB Gran Canaria players
Centers (basketball)
Eisbären Bremerhaven players
Élan Chalon players
FC Barcelona Bàsquet players
Le Mans Sarthe Basket players
Lega Basket Serie A players
Liga ACB players
Olimpia Milano players
Orlandina Basket players
Pallacanestro Treviso players
Power forwards (basketball)
Princeton Tigers men's basketball players
Basketball players from Atlanta
The Westminster Schools alumni


Ring settlements may refer to:
 Ring settlements around a major city
 Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem
 Smolensk Ring