USS Horace A. Bass (DE-691/APD-124/LPR-124) was a United States Navy high-speed transport in commission from 1944 to 1969.

Namesake
Horace Ancel Bass Jr. was born on 22 September 1915 in Roanoke, Virginia. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy on 24 February 1941. In May 1941 he was designated an "aviation cadet" and after aviation training was appointed ensign on 5 December 1941. He underwent further flight training and reported to the aircraft carrier  in early 1942. Bass was assigned to the aircraft carrier  during the pivotal Battle of Midway. He flew as part of the combat air patrol on 4 June 1942. During the battle, he shot down an attacking Japanese dive bomber and a fighter. For his part in the battle Bass was awarded the Navy Cross. Assigned to Fighter Squadron 5 on the USS Saratoga, Bass flew combat air patrol during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons during which he was shot down and reported missing in action on 24 August 1942.

Construction and commissioning
Originally projected as a Rudderow-class destroyer escort (DE-691), Horace A. Bass (APD-124) was selected for completion to a modified design as a Crosley Class High-speed Transport (APD), designed for landing and supporting raiding parties while retaining a secondary, destroyer escort-like role of convoy escort. Laid down on 3 August 1944 at Quincy, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem Steel Company, Fore River, she was launched on 12 September 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Horace A. Bass Jr., widow of Ensign Horace A. Bass Jr., and commissioned on 21 December 1944.

World War II service 1944-1945
Horace A. Bass fitted out at the Boston Navy Yard, Boston, Massachusetts, and conducted shakedown training off Bermuda, after which she sailed to New York City, where she arrived 15 February 1945. Departing on 16 February 1945, Horace A. Bass escorted ammunition ship USS Firedrake (AE-14) to Panama, from where she proceeded to San Diego, California, arriving on 3 March 1945. After gunnery exercises in the area she sailed westward to join in the climactic phase of World War II.

Horace A. Bass stopped at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; Eniwetok; and Ulithi Atoll, en route Okinawa, where the largest fleet assembled in the Pacific was supporting United States Army and United States Marine Corps forces in what was to be the final major land battle of the war against Japan. She arrived off Okinawa on 6 April 1945, just in time to take part in repelling one of the fiercest Japanese air assaults of the campaign. As the desperate attack was driven off, Horace A. Bass was credited with at least one plane shot down. As the battle raged ashore, she served on the vital picket line to warn of incoming Japanese air raids until 10 April 1945, when she sailed with a convoy to Guam. On the return passage she sank the Japanese submarine  with a single accurate depth charge attack south of Okinawa on 25 April 1945.

Arriving at Okinawa on 26 April 1945, Horace A. Bass resumed the hectic picket duty interspersed with convoy voyages to Saipan and Guam. Though Okinawa was secured in mid-June 1945, Japanese air attacks continued, and Horace A. Bass continued to provide antiaircraft and antisubmarine protection to the many ships off Okinawa. Early on 30 July 1945, she was on picket duty in the area when a low-flying kamikaze suicide aircraft crashed through her superstructure and fell alongside, its bomb exploding close aboard. Horace A. Bass suffered hull damage and 14 casualties, but was quickly repaired. She remained off Okinawa until sailing north toward Japan on 14 August 1945.

Horace A. Bass received two battle stars for World War II service, for:

Okinawa Gunto Operation: Assault and Occupation of Okinawa Gunto 6 April 1945 to 10 April 1945 and 25 April 1945 to 30 June 1945
Third Fleet Operations Against Japan 10 July 1945 to 15 August 1945

Peacetime service, 1945-1950
After the end of hostilities with Japan on 15 August 1945, Horace A. Bass remained off Japan with United States Third Fleet units until the ships triumphantly entered Tokyo Bay on 27 August 1945. Horace A. Bass took part in 'the occupation of the giant Yokosuka Naval Base, furnishing the prize crew which took possession of battleship Nagato, one of the very few major ships left to the Imperial Japanese Navy. Horace A. Bass remained at Yokosuka assisting in the occupation until sailing for the United States on 14 January 1946.

Horace A. Bass arrived at San Francisco, California, on 7 February 1946. She was in overhaul at the Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, from 11 February 1946 to 10 April 1946, then spent the remainder of 1946 in the San Diego area on training operations. She sailed again for the Far East on 27 January 1947, this time to support American efforts to stabilize the volatile situation in China due to the civil war there. Arriving at Qingdao, China, on 5 March 1947, Horace A. Bass acted as a station ship until sailing again for San Diego on 30 July 1947. She spent the second half of 1947 on training exercises in California waters, and in early 1948 she operated off the coast of Mexico. She proceeded to China again on 16 June 1948, and again served as station ship at Hong Kong and Qingdao, occasionally sailing to the Marshall Islands and Guam. As communist troops began to gain the upper hand in the Chinese Civil War, Horace A. Bass evacuated civilians of several nations from Nanking in November 1948. She departed China on 1 December 1948, arriving at San Diego on 21 December 1948 for repairs and training.

After exercises off San Diego and a large amphibious warfare training assault in Hawaii, Horace A. Bass''' sailed from Hawaii on 14 November 1949 for another tour of duty in China. Arriving at Hong Kong on 30 November 1949, she remained in waters off China and Southeast Asian countries to protect American interests in the area, arriving at San Diego on 12 June 1950.

Korean War service 1950-1953
With the outbreak of the Korean War on 25 June 1950, American naval power moved swiftly into the Far East to support land operations. Horace A. Bass sailed on 14 July 1950 to join the fleet units already deployed off Korea, arriving 2 August 1950 with troops of the 2nd Marine Division. Underwater Demolition Teams and Marine Reconnaissance units were assigned to her, and she moved to the eastern coast of North Korea to carry out raids on Communist supply lines. Between 11 August 1950 and 17 August 1950 she made three successful raids, destroying three tunnels and two bridges. Horace A. Bass also conducted shore bombardments during daylight hours.

As United Nations forces prepared to go on the offensive, Horace A. Bass played an important part in the planning for the upcoming Inchon operation. Her raiding parties reconnoitered possible landing beaches between 20 August 1950 and 25 August 1950, and departed Pusan on 12 September 1950 for the main Inchon assault. Horace A. Bass put her troops ashore in the first wave on 15 September 1950, as the extremely successful amphibious operation suddenly reversed the course of the war.

As United Nations troops pushed northward, Howard A. Bass resumed her raiding duties, making two attacks on tunnels and bridges near Songjin between 6 October 1950 and 8 October 1950. For this operation Horace A. Bass carried Royal Marine Commandos. Late in October 1950 she took part in operations to clear the port of Wonsan for another landing, assisting minesweeping groups. She then spent three months on beach survey duty before sailing for the United States on 28 January 1951. For this highly successful tour of duty, Horace A. Bass and her special operations group received the Navy Unit Commendation.Horace A. Bass steamed toward Korea again on 24 September 1951, and after stopping at Yokosuka resumed bombardment and raiding duties along the coast of North Korea. In 14 separate raids with American, British, and Republic of Korea landing parties, Horace A. Bass did much to interrupt the all-important supply lines from the north, which proved vulnerable to mobile forces afloat. She completed her second tour of duty in Korea on 3 July 1952, when she sailed from Yokosuka. She arrived at San Diego on 20 July 1952.Horace A. Bass spent the next year in operations off the California coast, but sailed on 15 July 1953 for her third tour of Korean duty. The Korean War ended later that month while she was en route.Horace A. Bass received six battle stars in addition to her Navy Unit Commendation for Korean War service. The battle stars were for:

North Korean Aggression 8 September 1950 to 2 November 1950
Communist China Aggression 4 November 1950 to 23 January 1951
Inchon Landing 13 September 1950 to 16 September 1950
United Nations Summer-Fall Offensive 27 November 1951
Second Korean Winter 28 November 1951 to 5 December 1951, 7 December 1951 to 22 December 1951, 9 January 1952 to 13 January 1952, 20 January 1952 to 25 January 1952, 1 February 1952 to 4 February 1952, 29 February 1952 to 30 March 1952, and 19 April 1952 to 30 April 1952
Korean Defense Summer-Fall 1952 1 May 1952 to 5 May 1952, 30 May 1952 to 13 June 1952, and 10 June 1952 to 25 June 1952

Peacetime service 1953-1969
Upon her arrival at Yokosuka on 3 August 1950, Horace A. Bass became flagship of an amphibious control squadron, and took part in various training landings in Japan. She also conducted three survey operations and two demolition assignments on the Korean coast, where the armistice was now in effect. She visited other Pacific ports during this period before departing Yokosuka on 5 April 1954.

She operated off the United States West Coast on training cruises and antisubmarine exercises until getting underway for the Far East again on 23 October 1954. She carried on practice landings in South Korea and took part in fleet exercises until February 1955, when she moved to the Taiwan Strait to evacuate Nationalist Chinese troops from the Tachen Islands. With this important Cold War operation over, Horace A. Bass steamed to Haiphong, French Indochina, on 26 February 1955 to take part in Operation Passage to Freedom, as thousands of Vietnamese from the north fled the advance of Communist forces. The transporting of these civilians to the south was completed on 20 March 1955, and Horace A. Bass was underway from Sasebo, Japan, on 4 April 1955, bound for San Diego.

After her arrival Horace A. Bass was transferred to the United States Atlantic Fleet, transiting the Panama Canal between 2 June 1955 and 4 June 1955 and arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 10 June 1955. She was then assigned to the 4th Naval District as a United States Naval Reserve training ship.

During the years that followed, Horace A. Bass made short cruises with naval reservists to Caribbean ports, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland, helping to maintain the skills of hundreds of reserve officers and men.Horace A. Bass arrived at Orange, Texas, on 3 November 1958, and decommissioned there on 9 February 1959. She entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Orange.

She was recommissioned at an unrecorded date. She was redesignated as an "amphibious transport, small" and LPR-124 on 1 January 1969.

Decommissioning and disposalHorace A. Bass'' was decommissioned on 30 July 1969 and stricken from the Naval Register on 15 September 1974. She was sold for scrapping on 11 August 1975 to J. R. Steel, Inc. of Houston, Texas, for $79,002 (USD).

Notes

References

USS Horace A. Bass (LPR-124) ex USS Horace A. Bass (APD-124) (1944 – 1968)

Crosley-class high speed transports
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Korean War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts
1944 ships


Sebastián Alejandro Arrieta (born 21 October 1985 in Añatuya, Santiago del Estero Province) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for Instituto.

External links
 Argentine Primera statistics  }
 Statistics at BDFA

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Santiago del Estero Province
Argentine people of Basque descent
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Newell's Old Boys footballers
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Atlético de Rafaela footballers
Instituto Atlético Central Córdoba footballers
Unión de Santa Fe footballers
Argentine Primera División players


This is a list of seasons completed by the Kansas City Royals, a  professional baseball franchise based in Kansas City, Missouri. They formerly played in the American League West until the 1994 realignment, where they now compete in the American League Central Division.

The team was formed by pharmaceutical executive Ewing Kauffman as a result of the move of the Athletics to Oakland, and began play in 1969. They quickly became competitive, achieving a winning record in their third season with an 85–76 win–loss record. By 1976, the young team was becoming the dominant force in the American League West, winning 90 or more games in four consecutive seasons from 1975 to 1978.

Despite two lapses to below 80 wins in the 1980s, the Royals continued to be a strong force, reaching the 1980 World Series (before being defeated by the Philadelphia Phillies), and winning in 1985 against cross-state rivals the St. Louis Cardinals. During that postseason, they became the first team to ever rally from a three games to one deficit twice to win the World Series. The 2016 Chicago Cubs accomplished the same feat, by defeating the Cleveland Indians in a seven-game series.

The team remained competitive throughout the mid-1990s before entering a long period of failure. From 1995 through 2013, the team had only two winning seasons in 2003 and 2013. For 28 consecutive seasons, between the 1985 World Series championship and 2014, the Royals did not qualify to play in the Major League Baseball postseason, one of the longest postseason droughts during baseball's expanded wild-card era. The worst years during this era were from 2002 to 2006, when the Royals had four 100-loss seasons out of five.

The team broke its postseason drought by securing the franchise's first ever wild card berth in 2014. They advanced to the 2014 World Series, where they were defeated by the San Francisco Giants in seven games. The next season, the team would go 95–67, the best record in the American League, securing the franchise's first divisional title since 1985, and the first Central division title ever. The team would eventually advance to the 2015 World Series, where they defeated the New York Mets in five games.

Table Key

Regular season results

Record by decade
The following table describes the Royals' MLB win–loss record by decade.

These statistics are from Baseball-Reference.com's Kansas City Royals History & Encyclopedia.

Postseason record by year
The Royals have made the postseason nine times, with the first one being in the 1976 season and the most recent being in 2015.

References

External links
 Royals Year-By-Year Results at MLB.com
 Royals Postseason Results at MLB.com

Major League Baseball teams seasons
Seasons


Yakshagana rāga (Kannada:ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ರಾಗ, pronounced as yaksha-gaana raaga) refers to melodic modes used in Yakshagana. It is based on pre-classical melodic forms that consist of a series of five or more musical notes upon which a melody is founded. Yakshagana rāgas have indigenous rāgas and others derived from other forms of music. Rāgas in yakshagana are closely associated with a set of melodic forms called mattu. Yakshagana rāgas have their own gamaka. Although yakshagana rāgas share names with rāgas in other Indian music systems, they are compositionally different, with a few exceptions. More than 80 rāgas have been identified to have survived the onslaught of popular and elite musical systems. In Yakshagana tradition, rāgas are associated with different times of the night throughout which Yakshagana is performed.

Nature of yakshagana rāga
Rāga describes a generalised form of melodic practice. It also records a set of rules for building the melody. Yakshagana rāga follows not only these rules but also certain rhythmic and melodic structures called mattu. Rāga specifies the rules for movements up (aaroha [आरोह]) and down (avroha [अवरोह]) the musical scale; which swara (notes) should figure more and which should be used more sparingly; which notes to stress more; which notes may be sung with gamaka; phrases to be used; phrases to be avoided; and so on. The result is a framework that can be used to compose or improvise melodies, allowing for endless variation within the set of notes. What makes yakshagana singing different are, among other things, yaksha gamaka, which are distinct sets of notes and also way of approaching a note or rendering a note to form a particular mattu.

More than adhering to stricter scale, yakshagana rāga follows the metre of yakshagana poetry called the Yakshagana Chandhas. The melody is formed from a deep voice formed by controlling muscles as low as pelvic and abdominal muscles. This high pitched singing might have come out of need to reach all audience in a yakshagana bayalata, which is an outdoor activity. Recently singers have adopted softer singing because of the microphone. Some Hindustani rāgas modified to suit yakshagana performance can also be seen (e.g. bhimpalas).

Yakshagana rāgas are rendered but are not elaborated, sung swiftly to suit theatrical performance. Each song may complete within less than a minute, or a few minutes. Therefore, several songs of same rāga used for various plots must be heard to experience the full features of yakshagana rāga.

Yakshagana rāga and time
Unlike in other classical forms yakshagana performance starts with Rāga Naati or Chala Naati in late evening (though the actual story or prasanga starts with Rāga Bhiravi), and ends with Mohana Rāga in early morning.

Yakshagana gamaka
Yakshagana music has its own gamakas. Yakshagana gamakas are name given to the set of sequence of notes often used in only in yakshagana rāgas. It can also refer to, in popular parlance, inflections applied on notes. These gamakas give a distinct flavor to yakshagana rāgas. These gamakas are learned by training and are among features such as mattu which make yakshagana sound different from other forms of music.

Indigenous yakshagana ragas

Shatpadi (Note that this is different from Kannada prosody by the same name)
Sangatya
Kannada (This is different from Kaanada of Hindusthani)
Hoovu
Koore (This is different from Kore Tala)
Nepali
Gopanithe
Navarasa
Vrundhavana
Mechaali
Koravi
Divaali
Mechchu
Ghantaarava
Madhumaadhavi
Mechaali

Some well-known ragas

These ragas share names of the ragas of Karnataka Sangeetha but structurally different from them with very few exceptions.

Naati               ---- Vaaranaa vadana/Mudadinda Ninnaaa
Sangatya            ---- Kururaaaya idanella kandu
Regupti             ---- Kelu
Kambhodhi           ---- Shatrugna senegala sUtravanu sharisutta (Cognate of Hinsuthani raga)
Bhairavi            ---- Elavo sanjayane kelu, any starting song of a prasanga
Madhyamavathi       ----Sharanu Tiruvagra
Kalyani
Kaaphi
Nilaambari
Paraju
Desi (Desh)
Bilahari
Yerakala Kambodhi
Hindola (Almost same as Todi, according to Balipa Shaili)
Navaroju
Behaag
Maaravi
Savaay
Saurashtra
Saranga
Saveri
Suruti
Todi
Begadi
Mukhari
Panturavali
Kedaragaula           ---- Taye kel sri krishna rayana bari salu
Madhumadhavi
Mohana                ---- Maranayyana Maata, ranganayaka rageeva lochana
Janjooti

See also
Melody type
makam
echos
muqam
Nava rasas
 Rāga, a documentary about the life and music of Ravi Shankar

Notes

References

Rāga-Rupanjali Ratna Publications: Varanasi. 2007.
 Yashagana Shruti Box Software Online/WINDOWS/Linux/Mobile/iPhone/Android .

External links
 Yakshagana Shruti Software

Ragas
Yakshagana


Ismael Cortinas (1884–1940) was a Uruguayan political figure, journalist and playwright.

Background

Ismael Cortinas was born on 17 June 1884 in San José de Mayo, Uruguay, son of Miguel Cortinas and Laura Ventura Peláez Maciel. He went to Universidad de la República (University of the Republic of Uruguay) but never graduated. Writer, politician, activist and playwright Laura Cortinas was his sister, and Cesár Cortinas, a noted musician, was his brother.

Cortinas was a journalist by profession.

He also wrote plays, including the comedy 'La rosa natural'.
He was one of several Uruguayan authors who flourished in Buenos Aires during the period of realism in rioplatense theater at the turn of the 20th century, others being Otto Miguel Cione (1875–1945), Edmundo Bianchi (1880–1965) and Orosmán Moratorio (1883–1929).

Cortinas died in Montevideo in 1940

Political career

Cortinas served as a Deputy of the Republic from 1915 to 1925, as a member of the National Party (Uruguay).

He subsequently served as a Senator of the Republic from 1925 to 1929, and served as the President of the Senate in 1929.

He was a member of the National Council of Administration from 1929 to 1933. He was noted for his differences with President of Uruguay Gabriel Terra especially from 1933 onwards.

Disambiguation and legacy

His name is not to be confused with the town of Ismael Cortinas, in Flores Department, which was named after him in 1950.

See also

 Politics of Uruguay
 List of Uruguayan writers

References

Sources

Uruguayan dramatists and playwrights
Male dramatists and playwrights
People from San José de Mayo
1884 births
1940 deaths
National Party (Uruguay) politicians
Presidents of the Senate of Uruguay
Members of the Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Uruguayan male writers


Chashme Baddoor is a Hindi language soap opera that aired on Zee TV channel in 1998. The series was produced by Manish Goswami. The story is based on the life of a woman who had a splendid teenage life and an equally contrasting middle age life and who does not know how to deal with it.

Cast
 Sudha Chandran
 Naveen Bawa
 Ajay Nagrath
 Kashmera Shah
 Sadiya Siddiqui
 Rushali Arora
 Susheel Johari
 Moonmoon Banerjee as Shanta
 Jatin Kanakia as Chaturdas Chaurasia
 Anil Nagrath

External links
 Chashme Baddoor Official Site

Indian television soap operas
Zee TV original programming
1998 Indian television series debuts
1999 Indian television series endings


The Beaverdell Range is a subrange of the Okanagan Highland in the Southern Interior of British Columbia, located between the West Kettle and Kettle Rivers, and running nearly due south from Big White Mountain, which is its highest summit, and the highest in the Okanagan Highland, and lies near the head of the Kettle.

The Beaverdell Range gets its name from the community of Beaverdell, which lies on its southwest flank midway along the West Kettle River, which was also the route of the Kettle Valley Railway, now a biking and hiking trail that is part of the Trans-Canada Trail.

The range is of considerable mineralogical interest as it is known to contain large deposits of uranium, for which British Columbia has had for many years a mining moratorium. Residents of the area oppose uranium mining, although the history of the region is connected with various small gold rushes.

References

Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia entry

Mountain ranges of British Columbia
Boundary Country


China Biologic Products, Inc., through its indirect majority-owned subsidiary Shandong Taibang, is the only blood plasma-based biopharmaceutical company approved by the government of Shandong Province, the second largest province in China with a population of 93 million. The company is engaged in research, manufacturing, and sale of plasma-based biopharmaceutical products to hospitals and other health care facilities in China. Plasma-based human albumin is used mainly to increase blood volume while Immunoglobulin is used for disease prevention and treatment.

External links
Company website
Press release: China Biologic Announces Completion of Going Private Transaction

Biopharmaceutical companies
Biotechnology companies of China
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq


Thekkan Kuttur or  Tekkan Kuttur is a place in Malappuram district of Kerala in India. Its under Tirur block and Thalakkad village.

Demographics
Around 4000 people are living here. There is a Shiva Temple named "Pazhayeadath-Sivakshethram" another small temple is also there which named as "Puthiyeadath-Kshethram".

Education
There are two schools named A.M.L.P.S and G.L.P.S. Most of the peoples of this village depends on farming.
Thekkan Kuttur is extended to Kuttur Desom which is unofficially known as Vadakkan Kuttur.
Thekkan Kuttur Post office is located in Kuttur Desom. There is another school Devi Sahayam Lower Primary School in Kuttur.

Economy
This village is predominantly occupied by people working in Gulf Countries. This place may be one of the highest paid in terms
of Labour charges. A paradise for labours. Still Most of the people are reluctant to do labour and wait for getting some job
in Gulf countries.

Temples
There are three more temples in Kuttur. A very ancient Parthasarathy Temple which were maintained by Namboodiris during last century.
Anthimahakalan Temple which is family temple of Amassam Veetil, an ancient Nair Tharavad located at Kuttur. An ancient Bhagavathy temple known to be maintained directly by kings of Vettathu nadu also exists between Kuttur and Pothanur (nearby village). This bagavathy temple is having many surprising and interesting traditions. Still Oracles (Velichappadu)  profess during specific festivals.

Festivals
Daily pujas are done by Mannan community (OBC). All sects of Hindu fraternity participate in rituals wholeheartedly at this temple.
It is said that Muslims also participate and co-operate in all the festivals.

History
After 1928 Moppila riots all Nambudiri families residing in Kuttur Desom migrated to Palakkad.
People are slowly migrating to nearby cities since agriculture is not profitable. Economy is purely depending on the Gulf money.

Transportation
Thekkankuttoor village connects to other parts of India through Tirur town.  National highway No.66 passes through Tirur and the northern stretch connects to Goa and Mumbai.  The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum.   Highway No.966 goes to Palakkad and Coimbatore.   The nearest airport is at Kozhikode.  The nearest major railway station is at Tirur.

References

Villages in Malappuram district
Tirur area


The Story Bible is a book by Pearl S. Buck summarizing the whole Bible in two separate volumes: Vol. 1, The Old Testament, and Vol. 2, The New Testament, while particularly emphasizing literal elements and fables. It is described as a paraphrase.

The Story Bible

The Story Bible is a book for anyone interested in the Bible. Whether it is for reading popular Bible stories (Noah's Ark, or The Creation Story), or as a down to earth introduction to the Bible. For those already familiar with the Bible this book revives stories that have been read over and over, and adds life and animation to the story. For those who are not familiar with the Bible it breaks down the actual Bible stories and gives them real world relevance for individuals to understand. Regardless of religion or age this book is a great read and brings age-old Bible stories to life, told magically and with a broad literary spectrum that entices the reader and keep them captivated throughout. With Pearl Buck's unmatched ability to tell stories this renowned author retells 72 of the Bible's most memorable stories in “language both understandable and enjoyable to the modern reader”.

About the Author

Pearl Sydenstricker was born to Caroline Stulting and Absalom Sydenstricker in Hillsboro, West Virginia, on June 26, 1892. Her career began in China where she married an agricultural economist missionary named John Loosing Buck in 1917. They moved to a small town on the Huai River called Suzhou, Anhui Province.

From 1920 to 1933 they lived in Nanjing, on the campus of the University of Nanking, where the couple held teaching positions. Pearl taught English literature at the school. The Nanking Incident led to the couple leaving the campus. In 1934 Pearl got an invitation to the United States to speak at a Presbyterian women luncheon. She left China never to return.

Her writing career consisted of winning two notable awards, the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and in 1938, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces." [1] In 1935 the couple got divorced and Pearl later remarried to Richard Walsh. Upon her return to the United States she continued her outstanding writing career, and became an advocate for women and minority group rights. In 1973 she died of lung cancer at the age of 80 and was buried Perkasie, Pennsylvania.

References

1971 non-fiction books
Biblical paraphrases
1971 in Christianity


Marek Motyka (born 17 April 1958 in Żywiec) is a Polish football manager and former footballer, currently in charge of LKS Śledziejowice.

Player career

Club
Marek Motyka began his career with two hometown clubs: Sole and Koszarawa Żywiec. Later he played for Hutnik Kraków, and in the beginning of 1978 moved to Wisła Kraków. In 1990, he played for the Norwegian club SK Brann. He eventually returned to Poland to play for Hetman Zamość, Cracovia, Kalwarianka Kalwaria Zebrzydowska and Garbarz Zembrzyce. Motyka played in 224 matches and scored 6 goals in the Polish 1st Division.

National team
In addition, he represented Poland on 8 different occasions.

Coaching career
Motyka began his coaching career at Szczakowianka Jaworzno which he managed from 21 May 2002, to 22 May 2003. He managed Tłoki Gorzyce after his time in Jaworzno. On 1 July 2004 Polonia Warsaw hired Motyka with the goal of avoiding degradation. On 15 July 2005 he was replaced by Dariusz Kubicki. On 4 November 2005 he joined Górnik Zabrze and managed to save the team from degradation to the Polish Second Division. Between January and April 2006 he was temporarily replaced by Ryszard Komornicki, but replaced soon after. On 12 December 2006, he was released by Górnik. Zdzisław Podedworny soon took the position at Gornik Zabrze. He was hired once again in March 2007, after the 2nd round of the spring 2007 season by Gornik Zabrze. On 9 July 2008 Motyka was appointed as manager of Polonia Bytom. In 2009, he joined Korona Kielce.

References

1958 births
Living people
Polish football managers
Polish expatriate men's footballers
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Eliteserien players
SK Brann players
Wisła Kraków players
Hutnik Kraków players
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Górnik Zabrze managers
Korona Kielce managers
Polonia Warsaw managers
Kolejarz Stróże managers
Polonia Bytom managers
People from Żywiec
Footballers from Silesian Voivodeship
Men's association football defenders


Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region.

Beaverdell is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33.

Beaverdell was an amalgamation of the adjoining Beaverton and Rendell townsites in 1901. However, the Beaverton post office was not renamed until 1905.

Beaverdell is the namesake of the Beaverdell Range, which is on the settlement's east side and is the mountain spine lying between the West Kettle River and the Kettle River.

Education
K-3 schooling in the community is provided by Beaverdell Elementary School.

Rock Creek Elementary school serves the community to grade 7, and Midway Secondary School provides grades 8–12. These small communities go to school from Monday to Thursday each week.

Climate
Beaverdell experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) with one of the highest diurnal temperature variations in Canada. In addition, this community has the highest diurnal (24 hour) temperature variation in Canada from June through September by means of the dry and sunny climate, valley bottom location, relatively high elevation, and the surrounding geography.

Frost can occur even in the middle of summer. The daily temperature swings during the winter are less varied thanks to the presence of valley cloud.

Despite its proximity to Kelowna, Beaverdell receives about 25% more rain, due to orographic precipitation induced by its higher elevation within the Okanagan Highland. However, it receives less precipitation than Grand Forks, which is lower and has more desert-like vegetation.

See also
 Mount Baldy Ski Area

References

Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Mining communities in British Columbia
Populated places in the Boundary Country
Designated places in British Columbia


The Nine Degree Channel is a channel in the Indian Ocean between the Laccadive Islands of Kalpeni and Suheli Par, and Maliku Atoll (Minicoy Island). These two subgroups of islands, together with the Amindivi Subgroup, form the Indian Union Territory (UT) of Lakshadweep.

The Channel is approximately 200 km wide with a depth of 2597 metres. The Investigator Bank is located in the southern region of the channel.

It is so named as it lies on the 9-degree line of Latitude, north of the equator.

Sea Lane of Strategic Importance
The 200 kilometres of the Nine Degree Channel separating Kalpeni and Suheli Par from Minicoy sees the passage of nearly all merchant shipping between Europe, the Middle-East and Western Asia with South-East Asia and the Far-East.

See also
 Geostrategic context
 Andaman Sea
 Bay of Bengal
 Arabian Sea
 Exclusive economic zone of India

References

External links
Hydrographic Description (Indian Ocean Pilot)

Landforms of Lakshadweep
Channels of the Indian Ocean
Straits of India


Chynoweth is a name of Cornish origin meaning "new house" (Chy nowydh) in the Cornish language. It may refer to:

Places
 Chynoweth, Cornwall, a village in St Hilary parish in Cornwall, UK

People

Real
 Bob Chynoweth (born 1941), Australian politician
 Dean Chynoweth (born 1968), Canadian ice hockey player
 Ed Chynoweth (1941–2008), Canadian ice hockey team owner
 Jade Chynoweth (born 1998), American actress and dancer

Fictional
 Elizabeth Chynoweth and the Chynoweth family, characters in the Poldark series by Winston Graham

See also

 Chenoweth
 Ed Chynoweth Cup
 Ed Chynoweth Trophy
 Ohlone-Chynoweth (VTA)
 Ohlone-Chynoweth - Almaden (VTA)

Cornish-language surnames


Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms (SSLPs) are used as genetic markers with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An SSLP is a type of polymorphism: a difference in DNA sequence amongst individuals. SSLPs are repeated sequences over varying base lengths in intergenic regions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Variance in the length of SSLPs can be used to understand genetic variation between two individuals in a certain species.

Applications

An example of the usage of SSLPs (microsatellites) is seen in a study by Rosenberg et al., where SSLPs were used to cluster different continental populations of human beings. The study was critical to Nicholas Wade's New York Times Bestseller, Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors.

Rosenberg Study

Rosenberg studied 377 SSLPs in 1000 people in 52 different regions of the world. By using PCR and cluster analysis, Rosenberg was able to group individuals that had the same SSLPs . These SSLPs were extremely useful to the experiment because they do not affect the phenotypes of the individuals, thus being unaffected by natural selection.

References

Polymorphism (biology)


Zebrasoma scopas, the brown tang, twotone tang, scopas tang or brush-tail tang, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae which includes the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. The brown tang is found throughout Oceania and is a herbivorous fish, feeding predominantly on filamentous algae. It is a highly popular fish in the aquarium trade.

Taxonomy
Zebrasoma scopas was first formally described as Acanthurus scopas in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with its type locality given as Banda Neira in the Banda Islands of Indonesia. The brown tang is part of a species pair within the genus Zebrasoma, along with the yellow tang (Z. flavescens). The genera Zebrasoma and Paracanthurus make up the tribe Zebrasomini within the subfamily Acanthurinae in the family Acanthuridae, according to the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.

Etymology
Zebrasoma scopas has the specific name scopas, meaning “broom”, a reference to the bristles on the caudal peduncle near the spine.

Description
Zebrasoma scopas is a laterally compressed, deep bodied fish with a protruding snout which grows to a maximum published standard length of . The head is whitish and the body pale brown shading to a dark brownish-black near the black tail. There are faint pale green longitudinal lines starting as dots at the head end and becoming continuous and then dotted again posteriorly. The juveniles are rather paler and have yellowish bars near the anterior end. They also have relatively larger dorsal fins. The adults have a white spine on the caudal peduncle. The large, sail-like dorsal fin has 4 or 5 spines and 23 to 25 soft rays. The anal fin has 3 spines and 19 to 21 soft rays.

Distribution
Zebrasoma scopas is found in the Indo-Pacific region, living at water depths of up to . Its range extends from the coasts of East Africa to Japan, the Pitcairn Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa Iti. In 2008, a brown tang was observed near Fort Lauderdale, Florida, far outside its native range.

Biology
Zebrasoma scopas feeds mainly on filamentous algae. For this purpose it has specialised pharyngeal teeth. It is usually found on the exposed side of reefs and in coral-rich lagoons. The adults are gregarious and sometimes form schools but the juveniles are solitary and are often to be found swimming among corals.

The brown tang is monogamous, though spawning has been observed both between pairs and among small groups. The male tends to be larger than the female. The fish rush up to the surface to spawn, fertilisation is external and the eggs are scattered in the water column. The larvae are planktonic for several weeks before settling and undergoing metamorphosis into juveniles.

Use in aquaria
Zebrasoma scopas is readily available and are easier tangs for the novice aquarist.  Brown tangs do not bother coral and are safe to keep in a reef aquarium. They are smaller and less aggressive than other members of the family Acanthuridae. Brown tangs require an aquarium no less than 75 gallons. These fish are more tolerant of a wide range of living conditions. They will accept various food including meaty materials but the main part of the diet should be vegetable. They will eat the algae that tend to grow inadvertently in the tank. Brown tangs are one of the more peaceful species within its genus and can be kept with other species of tangs..

References

External links

Fish of Thailand
scopas
Fish described in 1829
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier


In quantum information theory, a set of bases in  Hilbert space Cd are
are said to be mutually unbiased to mean, that, if a system is prepared in an eigen state of one of the bases, then all outcomes of the measurement with respect to the other basis are predicted to occur with an equal probability inexorably equal to 1/d.

Overview
The notion of mutually unbiased bases was first introduced by Schwinger in 1960, and the first person to consider applications of mutually unbiased bases was Ivanovic in the problem of quantum state determination.

MUBs and their existence problem, is now known to have several closely related problems and equivalent avatars in several other branches of mathematics and quantum sciences, such as SIC-POVMs, finite projective / affine planes, complex Hadamard matrices etc. [see: Related Problems and Constructions sections in the below for details]

MUBs are important for quantum key distribution, more specifically in secure quantum key exchange. Mutually unbiased bases are used in many protocols since the outcome is random when a measurement is made in a basis unbiased to that in which the state was prepared. When two remote parties share two non-orthogonal quantum states, attempts by an eavesdropper to distinguish between these by measurements will affect the system and this can be detected. While many quantum cryptography protocols have relied on 1-qubit technologies, employing higher-dimensional states, such as qutrits, allows for better security against eavesdropping. This motivates the study of mutually unbiased bases in higher-dimensional spaces.

Other uses of mutually unbiased bases include quantum state reconstruction, quantum error correction codes, detection of quantum entanglement, and the so-called "mean king's problem".

Definition and Examples

A pair of orthonormal bases  and  in Hilbert space Cd are said to be mutually unbiased, if and only if the square of the magnitude of the inner product between any basis states  and  equals the inverse of the dimension d:

These bases are unbiased in the following sense: if a system is prepared in a state belonging to one of the bases, then all outcomes of the measurement with respect to the other basis are predicted to occur with equal probability.

Example for d = 2
The three bases

provide the simplest example of mutually unbiased bases in C2. The above bases are composed of the eigenvectors of the Pauli spin matrices  and their product , respectively.

Example for d = 4
For d = 4, an example of d + 1 = 5 mutually unbiased bases where each basis is denoted by Mj, 0 ≤ j ≤ 4, is given as follows:

Existence problem

Let  denote the maximum number of mutually unbiased bases in the d-dimensional Hilbert space Cd. It is an open question how many mutually unbiased bases, , one can find in Cd, for arbitrary d.

In general, if

is the prime-power factorization of d, where

then the maximum number of mutually unbiased bases which can be constructed satisfies

It follows that if the dimension of a Hilbert space d is an integer power of a prime number, then it is possible to find d + 1 mutually unbiased bases. This can be seen in the previous equation, as the prime number decomposition of d simply is . Therefore,

Thus, the maximum number of mutually unbiased bases is known when d is an integer power of a prime number, but it is not known for arbitrary d.

Related Problems

The MUBs problem seems similar in nature to the symmetric property of  SIC_POVMs. Wootters points out that a complete set of  unbiased bases yields a geometric structure known as a finite projective plane, while a SIC-POVM (in any dimension that is a prime power) yields a finite affine plane, a type of structure whose definition is identical to that of a finite projective plane with the roles of points and lines exchanged. In this sense, the problems of SIC-POVMs and of mutually unbiased bases are dual to one another.

In dimension , the analogy can be taken further: a complete set of mutually unbiased bases can be directly constructed from a SIC-POVM. The 9 vectors of the SIC-POVM, together with the 12 vectors of the mutually unbiased bases, form a set that can be used in a Kochen–Specker proof. However, in 6-dimensional Hilbert space, a SIC-POVM is known, but no complete set of mutually unbiased bases has yet been discovered, and it is widely believed that no such set exists.

Methods for finding mutually unbiased bases

Weyl group method
Let  and  be two unitary operators in the Hilbert space Cd such that

for some phase factor . If  is a primitive root of unity, for example  then the eigenbases of  and  are mutually unbiased.

By choosing the eigenbasis of  to be the standard basis, we can generate another basis unbiased to it using a Fourier matrix. The elements of the Fourier matrix are given by

Other bases which are unbiased to both the standard basis and the basis generated by the Fourier matrix can be generated using Weyl groups. The dimension of the Hilbert space is important when generating sets of mutually unbiased bases using Weyl groups. When d is a prime number, then the usual d + 1 mutually unbiased bases can be generated using Weyl groups. When d is not a prime number, then it is possible that the maximal number of mutually unbiased bases which can be generated using this method is 3.

Unitary operators method using finite fields

When d = p is prime, we define the unitary operators  and  by

where  is the standard basis and  is a root of unity.

Then the eigenbases of the following d + 1 operators are mutually unbiased:

For odd d, the t-th eigenvector of the operator  is given explicitly by

When  is a power of a prime, we make use of the finite field  to construct a maximal set of d + 1 mutually unbiased bases. We label the elements of the computational basis of Cd using the finite field:
.

We define the operators  and  in the following way

where

is an additive character over the field and the addition and multiplication in the kets and  is that of .

Then we form d + 1 sets of commuting unitary operators:
 and  for each

The joint eigenbases of the operators in one set are mutually unbiased to that of any other set. We thus have d + 1 mutually unbiased bases.

Hadamard matrix method
Given that one basis in a Hilbert space is the standard basis, then all bases which are unbiased with respect to this basis can be represented by the columns of a complex Hadamard matrix multiplied by a normalization factor. For d = 3 these matrices would have the form

The problem of finding a set of k+1 mutually unbiased bases therefore corresponds to finding k mutually unbiased complex Hadamard matrices.

An example of a one parameter family of Hadamard matrices in a 4-dimensional Hilbert space is

The problem of finding a maximal set of MUBs when d = 6
The smallest dimension that is not an integer power of a prime is d = 6. This is also the smallest dimension for which the number of mutually unbiased bases is not known. The methods used to determine the number of mutually unbiased bases when d is an integer power of a prime number cannot be used in this case. Searches for a set of four mutually unbiased bases when d = 6, both by using Hadamard matrices and numerical methods have been unsuccessful. The general belief is that the maximum number of mutually unbiased bases for d = 6 is .

Entropic uncertainty relations and MUBs
There is an alternative characterization of mutually unbiased bases that considers them in terms of uncertainty relations.

Entropic uncertainty relations are analogous to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and Maassen and Uffink found that for any two bases  and :

where  and  and  is the respective entropy of the bases  and , when measuring a given state.

Entropic uncertainty relations are often preferable to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, as they are not phrased in terms of the state to be measured, but in terms of c.

In scenarios such as quantum key distribution, we aim for measurement bases such that full knowledge of a state with respect to one basis implies minimal knowledge of the state with respect to the other bases. This implies a high entropy of measurement outcomes, and thus we call these strong entropic uncertainty relations.

For two bases, the lower bound of the uncertainty relation is maximized when the measurement bases are mutually unbiased, since mutually unbiased bases are maximally incompatible: the outcome of a measurement made in a basis unbiased to that in which the state is prepared in is completely random. In fact, for a d-dimensional space, we have:

for any pair of mutually unbiased bases  and . This bound is optimal: If we measure a state from one of the bases then the outcome has entropy 0 in that basis and an entropy of  in the other.

If the dimension of the space is a prime power, we can construct d + 1 MUBs, and then it has been found that

which is stronger than the relation we would get from pairing up the sets and then using the Maassen and Uffink equation. Thus we have a characterization of d + 1 mutually unbiased bases as those for which the uncertainty relations are strongest.

Although the case for two bases, and for d + 1 bases is well studied, very little is known about uncertainty relations for mutually unbiased bases in other circumstances.

When considering more than two, and less than  bases it is known that large sets of mutually unbiased bases exist which exhibit very little uncertainty. This means merely being mutually unbiased does not lead to high uncertainty, except when considering measurements in only two bases. Yet there do exist other measurements that are very uncertain.

Mutually unbiased bases in infinite dimension Hilbert spaces
While there has been investigation into mutually unbiased bases in infinite dimension Hilbert space, their existence remains an open question. It is conjectured that in a continuous Hilbert space, two orthonormal bases  and  are said to be mutually unbiased if

For the generalized position and momentum eigenstates  and , the value of k is

The existence of mutually unbiased bases in a continuous Hilbert space remains open for debate, as further research in their existence is required before any conclusions can be reached.

Position states  and momentum states  are eigenvectors of Hermitian operators  and , respectively. Weigert and Wilkinson were first to notice that also a linear combination of these operators have eigenbases, which have some features typical for the mutually unbiased bases. An operator  has eigenfunctions proportional to  with  and the corresponding eigenvalues . If we parametrize  and  as  and , the overlap between any eigenstate of the linear combination and any eigenstate of the position operator (both states normalized to the Dirac delta) is constant, but dependent on :

where  and  stand for eigenfunctions of  and .

See also
 Measurement in quantum mechanics
 POVM
 SIC-POVM
 QBism

References

Quantum measurement
Unsolved problems in physics
Unsolved problems in mathematics
Hilbert spaces
Operator theory
Incidence geometry
Euclidean plane geometry
Algebraic geometry
Hypergraphs
Computer-assisted proofs


Rock Creek is a settlement in the Boundary Country region of south central British Columbia. The unincorporated settlement is mostly on the southwest side of the Kettle River at the confluence with Rock Creek. The place lies at the junction of BC Highway 33 (about  south of Kelowna), and BC Highway 3 (about  west of Greenwood and  east of Osoyoos).

Gold rush
In 1859, gold discovered along the creek (after which the community is named) triggered the placer mining of the Rock Creek Gold Rush. By the following year, many substantial log buildings housed stores and saloons that created the earliest community in the Boundary. However, the prospectors' tents were strung out along the creek beyond what is now Rock Creek Canyon Bridge ( west), the most dramatic span on the Crowsnest Highway. To collect taxes on imports and royalties on exported gold, William George Cox was appointed gold commissioner and customs agent, and instructed to proceed to Rock Creek. In the interim, John Carmichael Haynes, his deputy, arrived in October 1860 to establish the first customs post outside the colonial capital of New Westminster.

Gold bust
In concert, a reliable road from the coast was needed. At the time, the Dewdney Trail reached as far the Similkameen Valley. In January 1861, Dewdney and Moberly won the £300/mile contract to extend their pack trail to Rock Creek. By the time they entered their destination that August, the boom was over, the prospectors gone, and most of the 23 permanent buildings abandoned. In March 1862, Cox was re-assigned to the Cariboo district and Haynes proceeded to close down the offices.

In 1886 and 1900, high-pressure hoses were used for a few years to dislodge gold, but neither attempt proved profitable. Only four lots sold of a government townsite surveyed to the east in 1898. The Madge family operated a hotel from 1898.

Railway era
The westward construction of the Vancouver, Victoria and Eastern Railway (VV& E), which followed Myers Creek a couple of miles south during 1905, offered no benefit to the settlement. In 1911, the westward advance of the Kettle Valley Railway passed on the northeast side of the river. A bridge soon connected to the station that was  west of Kettle Valley, and  south of Zamora. The final passenger train ran in 1964. The line westward closed to all traffic in 1973, and eastward in 1979.

Lode mining & quarrying
Immediately adjacent to the lower few kilometres of Highway 33 were the Riverside and Imperial Mines, where claims began in the late 1890s. The latter were last worked for their gold and silver ores in 1926. During the 1970s much of the area was prospected for Uranium with no apparent success. A joint venture between Rock Creek Resources and Silver Falls Resources surveyed these sites in 1988, noting the presence of greenstone and copper.

Since 1972, several operators have quarried dolomite for crushing into sparkling white gravel for agricultural, landscaping and decorative purposes.

Commerce
Businesses comprise a café, two gas stations, a hotel, a motel, two souvenir shops and a campground. The hotel vies with the Leland Hotel in Nakusp for the title of the oldest operating hostelry in BC. The small settlement remains important as a regional service centre for the farming and mining communities of the Boundary Country and the Monashee Country, which lies northward. It is the effective base town for Mount Baldy Ski Area, which lies to its northwest and overlooks the Okanagan Valley town of Oliver.

Riverside
Riverside existed a mile away, but it is unclear when that community maintained a separate identity. By 1960, nearly all the buildings were gone.

Television
Rock Creek was featured on the historical television documentary series Gold Trails and Ghost Towns, Season 3, Episode 8.

See also
Anarchist Mountain
Beaverdell
Greenwood, British Columbia
Midway, British Columbia
Camp McKinney, British Columbia
Johnstone Creek Provincial Park

References

Designated places in British Columbia
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Populated places in the Boundary Country
British Columbia gold rushes
Mining communities in British Columbia


Don't Stop the Carnival is the twenty-second studio album by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett. It was released on Margaritaville Records and Island Records on April 28, 1998. It is based on the 1965 novel of the same name written by Herman Wouk. Wouk also worked with Buffett to produce the stage play that lasted only for a short run in Miami, Florida in 1997. The album contains 20 compositions to promote the stage play. It reached #15 in the Billboard 200 albums chart. This was Buffett's first album for Island Records since parting ways with MCA Records in 1996.

Track listing
All songs written by Jimmy Buffett.
 Intro: The Legend of Norman Paperman/Kinja — 7:01
 Public Relations — 3:57
 Calaloo — 3:15
 Island Fever — 4:34
 Sheila Says — 3:55
 Just an Old Truth Teller — 3:34
 Henny’s Song: The Key to My Man — 3:10
 Kinja Rules — 3:48
 A Thousand Steps to Nowhere — 5:24
 It’s All About the Water — 2:21
 Champagne Si, Agua No — 1:44
 Public Relations (Reprise) — 1:25
 The Handiest Frenchmen in the Caribbean — :50
 Hippolyte’s Habitat (Qui Moun’ Qui) — 3:10
 Who are we Trying to Fool? — 4:35
 Fat Person Man — 3:28
 Up on the Hill — 4:10
 Domicile — 0:37
 Funeral Dance — 0:51
 Time To Go Home — 6:03

Notes

Jimmy Buffett albums
1998 albums
Island Records albums
Adaptations of works by Herman Wouk
Concept albums
Music based on novels


Yakshagana Tala (Kannada:ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ತಾಳ, pronounced as yaksha-gaana taala), is a rhythmical pattern in Yakshagana that is determined by  a composition called Yakshagana Padya. Tala also decides how a composition is enacted by dancers. It is similar to Tala in other forms of Indian music, but is structurally different from them. Each composition is set to one or more talas, and as a composition is rendered by Himmela, the percussion artist(s) play supporting the dance performance. Tala is maintained by the singer using a pair of finger bells.

The instrument for rhythm in Yakshagana are the Chande, Maddale and a Yakshagana Tala (bell) is also used along with chande.

Yakshagana has a complete and complex system for rhythms. The most common Talas in Yakshagana are Matte, Eaka,Udaape, Jampe, Rupaka, Trivde, Atta, KorE and Aadi. Each tala has a cycle of N beats divided in M bars. Some talas are more than 5 minutes long (e.g. Abbara Tala). Note that although, the names of Talas are similar to Karnataka Sangeetha only a few talas are similar and other rhythms are completely different. Each taal is identified by a typical set of syllables similar to bols in Tabla. A set of syllables representing the basic rhythm of taala is called 'Badtige' or 'Tatkaara'. The variations of a particular taala are called 'Nade' (movement) which is similar to Kaida in Tabla.

Yakshagana music vocalists (Bhagavathas) mark the tala by tapping a pair of bells. Talas are identified by Ghaatha and are largely decided by the metre of the Yakshagana poetry Some Taalas have been demonstrated on chande in the following external links.

Some Yakshagana Talas

Matte Tala (Tvarita Rupaka): 3 beats
----3---|-------3------||----3---|-------3------||
tai ta | di naam || tai ta | di naam ||

Muktaya (Ending)

Chaurastra Eka Tala: 4 beats
ta ddi mi | ta ka di mi ||

Muktaya (Ending)

Udaape Tala: (Tvarita Eka)
ta ki ta | ta ka di na | ta kki ta | ta ka di na ||

Muktaya (Ending)

Jampe Tala: 5 beats
dhim kadthka dhim dhim kadthka |

Muktaya (Ending)
 ta ta kadthka takada taddinnaka  tai |
 ta ka    ta     di       gina   dhem |

Tvarita (Fast)
Nade (Variations)

Chaurastra Rupaka Tala: 6 beats
tai ta dinaka | dhem ta dinaka |

Muktaya (Ending)

Trivde Tala: 7 beats
deem ta | taam di na | dheem ta | taam dina ||

Asta Tala: 3+1/2 beats
tai ti tti | tai ti tti ||

Muktaya (Ending)

KorE Tala: 3+1/2 beats
ti tti tai | ti tti tai ||

Muktaya (Ending)

Aadi Tala: 16 beats
 ta hasta | dim da di ku ta ka | taa tom | ta di naka ||

Muktaya (Ending)

Chau Tala 8 beats
deem ta tta ta tta | deem ta tta | deem ta tta ta tta ||

Muktaya (Ending)

Dhruva Tala: 14 beats (Cognate of Hindustani Rupak)
tom dinna ta ri ki ta | tom di na | tom ta tta ||
dhi dhi na | dhi na dhi na  | ta di na ti na ti na ||

Muktaya (Ending)

Scholars have disagreement on the names and beat structure of the above Talas. But the details provided here are generally acceptable.

History
The talas predate Karnataka Sangeetha talas. It is generally agreed that the rhythm patterns that form a basis for Karnataka Sangeetha also forms a basis for yakshagana Talas. In fact it is believed that Yakshagana uses pre classical patterns guided by the metres of the Yakshagana Poetry. A folk flavour added to these talas make them very popular among the followers.

References

Literature
.
.

.

.

.

Other Indian Rhythmic techniques
Tihai

Carnatic talas
Yakshagana

de:Tala
fr:Tâla
nl:Tala (muziek)
ru:Тала (музыкальный инструмент)


A helium atom is an atom of the chemical element helium. Helium is composed of two electrons bound by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus containing two protons along with two neutrons, depending on the isotope, held together by the strong force. Unlike for hydrogen, a closed-form solution to the Schrödinger equation for the helium atom has not been found. However, various approximations, such as the Hartree–Fock method, can be used to estimate the ground state energy and wavefunction of the atom.

Introduction

The quantum mechanical description of the helium atom is of special interest, because it is the simplest multi-electron system and can be used to understand the concept of quantum entanglement. The Hamiltonian of helium, considered as a three-body system of two electrons and a nucleus and after separating out the centre-of-mass motion, can be written as

where  is the reduced mass of an electron with respect to the nucleus,  and  are the electron-nucleus distance vectors and . The nuclear charge,  is 2 for helium. In the approximation of an infinitely heavy nucleus,  we have  and the mass polarization term  disappears, so that in atomic units the Hamiltonian simplifies to

It is important to note, that it operates not in normal space, but in a 6-dimensional configuration space . In this approximation (Pauli approximation) the wave function is a second order spinor with 4 components , where the indices  describe the spin projection of both electrons (z-direction up or down) in some coordinate system. It has to obey the usual normalization condition . This general spinor can be written as 2×2 matrix  and consequently also as linear combination of any given basis of four orthogonal (in the vector-space of 2×2 matrices) constant matrices  with scalar function coefficients  as . A convenient basis consists of one anti-symmetric matrix (with total spin , corresponding to a singlet state)

and three symmetric matrices (with total spin , corresponding to a triplet state)

It is easy to show, that the singlet state is invariant under all rotations (a scalar entity), while the triplet can be mapped to an ordinary space vector , with the three components

Since all spin interaction terms between the four components of  in the above (scalar) Hamiltonian are neglected (e.g. an external magnetic field, or relativistic effects, like angular momentum coupling), the four Schrödinger equations can be solved independently.

The spin here only comes into play through the Pauli exclusion principle, which for fermions (like electrons) requires antisymmetry under simultaneous exchange of spin and coordinates

Parahelium is then the singlet state  with a symmetric function  and orthohelium is the triplet state  with an antisymmetric function .
If the electron-electron interaction term is ignored, both spatial functions  can be written as linear combination of two arbitrary (orthogonal and normalized) one-electron eigenfunctions :  or for the special cases of  (both electrons have identical quantum numbers, parahelium only): .
The total energy (as eigenvalue of ) is then for all cases  (independent of the symmetry).

This explains the absence of the  state (with ) for orthohelium, where consequently  (with ) is the metastable ground state.
(A state with the quantum numbers: principal quantum number , total spin , angular quantum number  and total angular momentum  is denoted by .)

If the electron-electron interaction term  is included, the Schrödinger equation is non separable.
However, even if it is neglected, all states described above (even with two identical quantum numbers, like  with ) cannot be written as a product of one-electron wave functions:  — the wave function is entangled.
One cannot say, particle 1 is in state 1 and the other in state 2, and measurements cannot be made on one particle without affecting the other.

Nevertheless, quite good theoretical descriptions of helium can be obtained within the Hartree–Fock and Thomas–Fermi approximations (see below).

The Hartree–Fock method is used for a variety of atomic systems. However it is just an approximation, and there are more accurate and efficient methods used today to solve atomic systems. The "many-body problem" for helium and other few electron systems can be solved quite accurately. For example, the ground state of helium is known to fifteen digits. In Hartree–Fock theory, the electrons are assumed to move in a potential created by the nucleus and the other electrons.

Perturbation method
The Hamiltonian for helium with two electrons can be written as a sum of the Hamiltonians for each electron:

where the zero-order unperturbed Hamiltonian is

while the perturbation term:

is the electron-electron interaction.  is just the sum of the two hydrogenic Hamiltonians:

where

, the energy eigenvalues and , the corresponding eigenfunctions of the hydrogenic Hamiltonian will denote the normalized energy eigenvalues and the normalized eigenfunctions. So:

where

Neglecting the electron-electron repulsion term, the Schrödinger equation for the spatial part of the two-electron wave function will reduce to the 'zero-order' equation

This equation is separable and the eigenfunctions can be written in the form of single products of hydrogenic wave functions:

The corresponding energies are (in atomic units, hereafter a.u.):

Note that the wave function

An exchange of electron labels corresponds to the same energy . This particular case of degeneracy with respect to exchange of electron labels is called exchange degeneracy. The exact spatial wave functions of two-electron atoms must either be symmetric or antisymmetric with respect to the interchange of the coordinates  and  of the two electrons. The proper wave function then must be composed of the symmetric (+) and antisymmetric(−) linear combinations:

This comes from Slater determinants.

The factor  normalizes . In order to get this wave function into a single product of one-particle wave functions, we use the fact that this is in the ground state. So . So the  will vanish, in agreement with the original formulation of the Pauli exclusion principle, in which two electrons cannot be in the same state. Therefore, the wave function for helium can be written as

Where  and  use the wave functions for the hydrogen Hamiltonian. For helium, Z = 2 from

where E = −4 a.u. which is approximately −108.8 eV, which corresponds to an ionization potential V = 2 a.u. (≅54.4 eV). The experimental values are E0 = −2.90 a.u. (≅ −79.0 eV) and Vp = 0.90 a.u. (≅ 24.6 eV).

The energy that we obtained is too low because the repulsion term between the electrons was ignored, whose effect is to raise the energy levels. As  gets bigger, our approach should yield better results, since the electron-electron repulsion term will get smaller.

So far a very crude independent-particle approximation has been used, in which the electron-electron repulsion term is completely omitted. Splitting the Hamiltonian showed below will improve the results:

where

and

 is a central potential which is chosen so that the effect of the perturbation  is small. The net effect of each electron on the motion of the other one is to screen somewhat the charge of the nucleus, so a simple guess for  is

where  is a screening constant and the quantity  is the effective charge. The potential is a Coulomb interaction, so the corresponding individual electron energies are given (in a.u.) by

and the corresponding wave function is given by

If  was 1.70, that would make the expression above for the ground state energy agree with the experimental value E0 = −2.903 a.u. of the ground state energy of helium. Since  in this case, the screening constant is S = 0.30. For the ground state of helium, for the average shielding approximation, the screening effect of each electron on the other one is equivalent to about  of the electric charge.

The variational method
To obtain a more accurate energy the variational principle can be applied to the electron-electron potential  using the wave function

After integrating this, the result is:

This is closer to the experimental value, but if a better trial wave function is used, an even more accurate answer could be obtained. An ideal wave function would be one that doesn't ignore the influence of the other electron. In other words, each electron represents a cloud of negative charge which somewhat shields the nucleus so that the other electron actually sees an effective nuclear charge Z that is less than 2. A wave function of this type is given by:

Treating Z as a variational parameter to minimize H. The Hamiltonian using the wave function above is given by:

After calculating the expectation value of  and Vee the expectation value of the Hamiltonian becomes:

The minimum value of Z needs to be calculated, so taking a derivative with respect to Z and setting the equation to 0 will give the minimum value of Z:

This shows that the other electron somewhat shields the nucleus reducing the effective charge from 2 to 1.69. So we obtain the most accurate result yet:

Where again,  represents the ionization energy of hydrogen.

By using more complicated/accurate wave functions, the ground state energy of helium has been calculated closer and closer to the experimental value −78.95 eV. The variational approach has been refined to very high accuracy for a comprehensive regime of quantum states by G.W.F. Drake and co-workers as well as J.D. Morgan III, Jonathan Baker and Robert Hill using Hylleraas or Frankowski-Pekeris basis functions. One needs to include relativistic and quantum electrodynamic corrections to get full agreement with experiment to spectroscopic accuracy.

Experimental value of ionization energy
Helium's first ionization energy is . This value was measured experimentally. The theoretic value of Helium atom's second ionization energy is . The total ground state energy of the helium atom is , or , which equals .

See also

 Isotopes of helium
 Araki–Sucher correction
 Hydrogen molecular ion
 Lithium atom
 List of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions
 Quantum field theory
 Quantum mechanics
 Quantum states
 Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation
 "Helium atom" on Wikiversity

References

Atoms
Quantum models
Helium


The sailfin tang (Zebrasoma velifer), the Pacific sailfin tang, purple sailfinned tang or sailfin surgeonfish,  is a marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae which includes the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This fish is found in the Pacific Ocean and is popular in the aquarium hobby.

Taxonomy
The sailfin tang was first formally described as Acanthurus velifer in 1795 by the German naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch with its type locality given as Tranquebar in Bloch and Schneider 1801. When William John Swainson proposed the new genus Zebrasoma in 1839 he classified Bloch's Acanthurus velifer as the only species in the genus, it is therefore the type species of Zebrasoma by monotypy. The sailfin tang and the Indian sailfin tang *Z, desjardinii are closely related, and have been regarded as conspecific in the past, and form a species pair which is basal to the genus Zebrasoma. The genera Zebrasoma and Paracanthurus make up the tribe Zebrasomini within the subfamily Acanthurinae in the family Acanthuridae, according to the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.

Etymology
Zebrasoma velifer has the specific name scopas, which is a combination of velo, meaning "sail", and fero, meaning "to bear", a reference to the high dorsal fin. Many authors give the name as veliferum but it is a noun in apposition so velifer is correct.

Description

The sailfin tang has its dorsal fin supported by 4 or 5 spines and between 29 and 33 soft rays while its anal fin is supported by 3 spins and 23 to 26 soft rays. It has a disc shaped body with very high dorsal and anal fins and when its fins are fully extended, the total height of the fish is almost equal to its length. It also has the elongated snout typical of Zebrasoma. This is a brownish coloured fish marked with wide greyish brown bars separated by narrower yellow bars. The dorsal and anal fins are dark greyish to brown marked with paler bands. The caudal fin varies in colour from greyish brown to yellow. The white head is covered with yellow spots and there is a dark band running though the eye with the a second slightly paler band immediately to the rear of the eye. The bands on the head are also marked with yellow dots and lines. Juvenile specimens look similar to the adult fish, but with more yellow colouring.This species has a maximum published standard length of .

Distribution and habitat
The sailfin tang is found in the Pacific Ocean. The westernmost occurrence is around Christmas Island, in the eastern Indian Ocean, and the eastern coast of Indo-China and it extends eastwards into the Pacific as far as the Pitcairn Islands and Hawaii, north to Japan and south to Australia and Rapa Iti. It is absent from the Marquesas Islands. In Australia this species is found at Rottnest Island to the Montebello ISlands and around offshore reefs in Western Australia; Ashmore reef in the Timor Sea, the northern Great Barrier Reef south to Moreton Bay in Queensland, although juveniles reach Sydney. They are also found off Middleton Reef, Elizabeth Reef and Lord Howe Island. The sailfin tang is benthopelagic and is found at depths down to  on lagoon and seaward reefs. The juveniles are solitary and occur on coral and rocky sheltered reefs, although they may sometimes be found in turbid areas.

Biology
The sailfin tang is typically solitary, although they may be found in pairs. They graze on leafy algae. When compared to the less basal Zebrasoma species they have less well developed pharyngeal teeth. They are diurnal and courtship and spawning take place in the early afternoon following an ebbing tide.

Utilisation
The sailfin tang is caught as a food fish, in Guam fishers use spears and fish traps. As it is larger than the sympatric congeners the yellow tang (Z. flavescens) and the twotone tang (Z. scopas), it is of greater value as a food fish. It is also traded in the aquarium trade.

References

External links

Sailfin tang
Fish of Hawaii
Fish described in 1795


Zebrasoma xanthurum, the purple tang or yellowtail tang, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae which includes the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This species is endemic to the north western Indian Ocean.

Taxonomy
Zebrasoma xanthurum was first formally described as Acanthurus xanthurus in 1852 by the English zoologist Edward Blyth with its type locality given as Sri Lanka. However, this species has not reliably been recorded in Sri Lanka since Blyth's description and the type locality may be erroneous. The yellowtail tang is part of a species pair within the genus Zebrasoma, along with the longnose tang (Z. rostratum). The genera Zebrasoma and Paracanthurus make up the tribe Zebrasomini within the subfamily Acanthurinae in the family Acanthuridae, according to the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.

Etymology
Zebrasoma xanthurum has the specific name xanthurum, meaning “yellow tail”, a reference to the yellow caudal fin of this species.

Description
Zebrasoma xanthurum has its dorsal fin supported by 5 spines and 24 or 25 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by 3 spines and 19 or 20 soft rays. This species has a deep laterally compressed body, a protruding snout and high dorsal and anal fins. The depth of the body fits 1.7 to 1.9 times into its standard length while the longest dorsal fin ray fits 3.3 to 3.7 times into the standard length. The snout has a concave profile on both the upper and lower sides. There is a velvet-like patch of bristles on the caudal peduncle anterior to the spine. The juveniles have a rounded caudal fin but in adults it may be slightly rounded or truncate. The head and body of adults are dark blue to purple, contrasting with the bright yellow caudal fin. The head and anterior part of the body are marked with black spots and these extend onto the adjacent fins. There are irregular black horizontal lines on the rest of the body and fins apart from the caudal fin and the pectoral fins have the outer third coloured yellow. Juveniles and subadults have dark brown longitudinal lines on their bodies. The yellowtail tang has a maximum published total length of , although a total length of  is more typical.

Distribution and habitat
Zebrasoma xanthurum is endemic to the north western Indian Ocean where it is found in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and around the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula into the Persian Gulf. It is also found around Socotra. A record from Sardinia in 2015 is thought to be an aquarium release. A record from the Maldives is thought to be a misidentification and the type locality of Sri Lanka is thought to be an error. These fishes are found in groups at depths down to  over coral rich or rocky areas.

Biology
Zebrasoma xanthurum is a herbivorous grazer of filamentous algae. They follow a daily pattern of feeding in single individuals or pairs
during the day and at sunset the stop feeding and move into their shelter for the night among corals or in crevices. The juveniles are cryptic and hide among coral.

Conservation status
Zebrasoma xanthurum is a minor item in the aquarium trade. The IUCN assess its conservation status on a global level as Least Concern but in the Persian Gulf it has a small area of suitable habitat and this is subject to destruction by coastal development and in the Gulf the species is assessed as Vulnerable,

References

External links
 Purple tang (Zebrasoma xanthurus)

xanthurum
Fish described in 1852
Taxa named by Edward Blyth


Louis-Henri Foreau (1866-1938) was a French artist.

Foreau was a student of Jules Lefebvre, Henry Lévy, Luc-Olivier Merson and mainly of Henri Harpignies, with whom he became good friends.

From 1888 onwards he often participated in the different Salon exhibitions in France and abroad. He became a jury member of the Société des Artistes Français, and chairman of the Association des Paysagistes Français.

In his work influences from the Impressionists, the Symbolists and Barbizon movement are visible. Nevertheless, Foreau created his own style, which is characterized by a strict technique, an intense form of observation and a refined, somewhat melancholic atmosphere, which is also apparent in the work of Corot.

In his oeuvre he drew on three themes: rural life, gardens and parks and Paris and its surroundings.

References

Further reading

19th-century French painters
French male painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
1866 births
1938 deaths
19th-century French male artists


"Papermoon" (stylized as "PAPERMOON") is Tommy heavenly6's 9th single and Tomoko Kawase's 16th single overall, which was released on December 10, 2008. Since The Brilliant Green made their comeback, Kawase had been very inactive as a solo singer. Since "Papermoon" has been released, it marks her first solo single in over a year. "Papermoon" was featured as the second opening song to the anime Soul Eater. "Papermoon"'s B-side is a song called "Ruby Shoes", which is possibly in reference to the overall theme of the "Papermoon" music video. "Papermoon" peaked at #10 on the Oricon singles chart.

Music video
The music video features Tommy heavenly6 and her band in a setting which resembles The Wizard of Oz. Her band is dressed in matching attire featuring a tin man, scarecrow, and a lion. Kawase herself is dressed up to resemble Dorothy. Kawase is also shown singing in a room that very much resembles a scene in The Wizard of Oz in which Dorothy's house is taken up into the tornado. Dorothy then looks out the window of her room to see many things and people familiar to her. In the video, things and people from Tommy heavenly6's past videos can be seen. Such as, Tommy February6 and Santa Claus riding a panda bear from Tommy heavenly6's "I Love Xmas" PV, to the cart pulled by a bull she rides in in her "Pray" PV, and other miscellaneous objects.

Track listing

External links
Official Site

2008 singles
Anime songs
Tomoko Kawase songs
Songs written by Tomoko Kawase
2008 songs
Defstar Records singles
Songs written by Shunsaku Okuda


The Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon is a 2008 adventure sci-fi movie set in the Grand Canyon, directed by Farhad Mann. The movie was due to be released in late November 2008 but the date was pushed back to December 20, 2008, due to unfinished filming. The film was released on DVD on May 26, 2009.

Plot
In the late 19th century, a team of Smithsonian researchers have stumbled across a lost walled Aztec city guarded by a "great flying serpent of death." As days turn to weeks, Susan Jordan, the daughter of the professor leading the expedition, assembles a team to rescue her father and his colleagues from the clutches of the ancient Aztec warriors and their horrible serpent god.

Cast
 Michael Shanks as Jacob Thain
 Shannen Doherty as Susan Jordan
 JR Bourne as Marco Langford
 Toby Berner as Steward Dunbar
 Heather Doerksen as Hildy Wainwright
 Duncan Fraser as Dr. Samuel Jordon
 Peter New as Isaac Preston

Production
The production for this film began in February 2008. Filming began on April 26, 2008 and ended on May 14, 2008, a 19-day stretch, in Kamloops, British Columbia and Thompson-Nicola Region, British Columbia.

Reception
The film's reception was generally poor receiving an average of 4 out of 10 stars on IMDb. Many blame this on the poor CGI, an incoherent storyline, and "d-grade" acting.

References

External links

2008 films
2000s action adventure films
Canadian action adventure films
English-language Canadian films
Canadian action television films
Canadian adventure television films
Films set in Arizona
Aztecs in fiction
Films directed by Farhad Mann
Syfy original films
Films about dragons
Films shot in British Columbia
2000s American films
2000s Canadian films


Credit Karma is an American multinational personal finance company founded in 2007, which has been a brand of Intuit since December 2020.  It is best known as a free credit and financial management platform, but its features also include monitoring of unclaimed property databases and a tool to identify and dispute credit report errors. The company operates in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

All of Credit Karma's services are free to consumers. Revenue from targeted advertisements for financial products offsets the costs of its free products and services. Credit Karma earns revenue from lenders, who pay the company when Credit Karma successfully recommends customers to the lenders.

History
Kenneth Lin, who previously founded Multilytics Marketing and worked with E-Loan and Upromise, launched Credit Karma in 2007 with co-founders Ryan Graciano and Nichole Mustard. The website went live in February 2008. Early investors included Chris Larson, CEO of Prosper, and Mark Lefanowicz, former president of E-Loan.

In November 2009, Credit Karma closed a $2.5 million Series A funding round led by QED Investors with participation from SV Angel, Felicis Ventures and Founders Fund. In 2013, Credit Karma secured $30 million in Series B funding led by Ribbit Capital and Susquehanna Growth Equity.

In March 2014, Credit Karma raised  $85 million in Series C financing, led by CapitalG with participation from Tiger Global Management and existing investors. The company followed that with $75 million in follow on funding in September 2014 from CapitalG, Tiger Global Management and Susquehanna Growth Equity.

In December 2015, Credit Karma acquired mobile notifications app developer Snowball for an undisclosed amount. As of 2015, Credit Karma had raised $368.5 million in financing, at a valuation of $3.5 billion.

In 2016, Credit Karma acquired money reclamation service Claimdog. In December 2016, Credit Karma acquired AFJC Corporation, owner of OnePriceTaxes.com, to accelerate its entry into the tax preparation market.  Related to the launch of tax preparation services, the company increased its workforce and opened offices in Los Angeles and Charlotte, North Carolina.

In May 2017, Credit Karma launched Unclaimed Money in seven US states. The product aims to help users find unclaimed money, such as unclaimed refunds and insurance payouts.

In March 2018, Credit Karma acquired personal finance company Penny for an undisclosed amount. In August, it acquired mortgage platform Approved for an undisclosed amount.

In May 2019, the customers of the Noddle credit reporting service in the United Kingdom were acquired from TransUnion.

In December 2020, Intuit acquired Credit Karma for approximately $7.1 billion. The acquisition was initially delayed due to a DOJ antitrust lawsuit but it was finally approved after the company agreed to divest its free tax preparation service, known as Credit Karma Tax, which was a direct competitor to Intuit's TurboTax product.

That same month, Credit Karma announced that it was moving its headquarters across San Francisco Bay from San Francisco to Oakland.

In August 2021, Credit Karma reached an agreement with NBA franchise Houston Rockets to have the company's name appear on the team's jersey's beginning in the 2021 season.

In September 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ordered Credit Karma to pay its users $3million for "false claims" that impacted their credit scores. Nearly one-thirds of pre-approved users who applied for credit cards were eventually denied following a credit check, costing their time and a negative impact to their credit score. Credit Karma reached a settlement with the FTC, and stated that the company is paid only when users are approved for products like credit cards.

Products and services
Credit Karma provides free credit scores and credit reports in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom from national credit bureaus TransUnion and Equifax, alongside daily credit monitoring from TransUnion.

Credit Karma also provides identity theft protection and credit tools, such as a Credit Score Simulator which simulates the effect of potential financial actions on a user's credit score; and tailored recommendations for credit cards and personal loans.

Credit Karma Tax, its free United States tax filing service, was announced in December 2016. Credit Karma Tax does not participate in the Free File Alliance, and so is not bound by its requirements to restrict eligibility for free filing. The company's primary competitors in this area are TaxAct, TurboTax and H&R Block. In November 2020, Square, Inc. announced it was acquiring Credit Karma Tax for $50 million and would make it a part of its Cash App unit.

See also
 Credit score in the United States
 Comparison of free credit monitoring services

References

External links

Intuit
Companies based in Oakland, California
Online financial services companies of the United States
American companies established in 2007
Financial services companies established in 2007
Internet properties established in 2007
2020 mergers and acquisitions
Financial services companies based in California
Credit scoring
Finance websites
500 Startups companies
Tax software of the United States
Tax preparation companies of the United States
2007 establishments in California


W. Keith Edwards is a professor in the School of Interactive Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) and Director of the GVU Center at Georgia Tech.

Edwards’ research lies generally in the fields of human-computer interaction (HCI) and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). He has chaired and published papers in top-tier academic conferences in these fields.

Early life and education
Edwards was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, USA and grew up in Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.  After finishing High School, Edwards completed a B.S. in Information and Computer Science, a M.S. in  Information and Computer Science and a Ph.D. in Computer Science at the Georgia Institute of Technology. During his graduate career, Edwards interned at Sun Microsystems and Olivetti Research Center.

As a graduate student, Edwards was influenced by Saul Greenberg, whose work in Computer Supported Cooperative Work spoke to his own interest of understanding how what is written into the infrastructure of a software systems and its services effects the human interaction possibilities. Edwards’ graduate research culminated with his dissertation, titled “Coordination Infrastructure in Collaborative Systems.”

Career
Upon receiving his Ph.D. Edwards spent nine years in the Computer Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC, initially as a member of research staff and ending his career there as Manager of the Ubiquitous Computing group.  While at PARC Edwards wrote Core Jini, an authoritative text for implementing Jini based systems.

During his tenure as manager, his group conducted a study of iTunes use, and the zeroconf discovery protocols it relies on, in the workplace whose results were reported in The Washington Post, the San Francisco Chronicle, and other major news agencies. A key finding from this study was that discovery protocols do not just connect content, but connect people as well.

Since arriving at Georgia Tech, Edwards has founded and continues to lead the Pixi Lab. Research from the Pixi lab has received honors including a CHI Best Paper award. Edwards also served as Technical Program Chair for the ACM CHI conference 2010 and is currently serving as a member of Microsoft Corporation's Trustworthy Computing Advisory Board.  Keith also teaches a class on User Interface Software to undergraduate and graduate students.

References

External links
 Edwards’ Academic Home Page
 Pixi Laboratory Home Page

Living people
Georgia Tech faculty
American computer scientists
Georgia Tech alumni
Human–computer interaction researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ubiquitous computing researchers
Scientists at PARC (company)


Fox Factory Holding Corp. is an American company best known for their Fox Racing Shox brand of off-road racing suspension components.

History
In 1974, Bob Fox ran a small business distributing suspension components for motocross bikes with his brother Geoff. In 1977, the company split into what became Fox Racing (later Fox Head Inc.) under Geoff Fox, and Bob Fox's Fox Racing Shox parts production company, Fox Factory. A holding company, Fox Factory Holding, was established in 1978. Fox Factory produces suspension components for motorcycles, automobiles, all-terrain vehicles, side-by-sides, trophy trucks, snowmobiles, and mountain bikes.

In 2008 it was bought by a private equity firm, Compass Diversified Holdings. It went public in 2013.

Acquisitions
From 2014 through 2021, Fox Factory acquired several groups spanning mountain bike, truck suspension, turn-key truck upfitting, performance car suspension, and custom designed adventure van categories.

Timeline

2014
Sport Truck USA, Coldwater, MI

Fox Acquired several brands under the "Sport Truck USA" umbrella, including;

 BDS Suspension: Premium suspension kits
 Zone Offroad: Entry-level suspension kits
 JKS Manufacturing: Jeep specific suspension kits

Race Face, Vancouver, B.C.

Manufactures and distributes high performance cycling components, apparel, and protection.

Easton

Manufactures and distributes bike components and apparel.

2015
Marzocchi (Bicycles)

Fox acquired certain assets of Marzocchi dedicated to mountain bike suspension.

2017
Tuscany Motors, Elkhart, IN

Vehicle upfitter focused on full-size trucks on Ford, Ram, and Chevrolet platforms.

2019
RideTech, Jasper, IN

Manufacturer of traditional, coilover, and air suspension systems for muscle cars, trucks, and hot rods.

2020
SCA Performance, Trussville, AL

Vehicle upfitter focused on full-size trucks on the Chevrolet, Ford, and RAM platforms. Brands brought to market under the SCA Performance umbrella include Black Widow, Rocky Ridge Trucks, and Rocky Mountain Truckworks.

2021
Outside Van, Portland OR

Custom converter of adventure vans on the Mercedes Sprinter platform.

Products

Mountain bike suspensions

In 2016, sales of mountain bike related equipment (primarily suspension products) accounted for 56% of the company's total revenue.

Forks
As of 2016, all available in 26", 27.5", & 29" wheel sizes (except where noted) and tapered steerer tubes, with straight 1-1/8" tubes on select models. Talas springs are externally adjustable down by 20-30mm.

Fox naming of the forks relies on the stanchion diameter, and the available models are 32, 36, 38 and 40. These can have different dampers, Grip2, Fit4, Grip or Fit, which provide different adjustability of compression and rebound

(stanchion size in mm, air spring type, travel range in mm)

Off-road division
In 2014 Fox introduced the Performance Series line of off-road shocks and rebranded their existing shocks as Factory Series.

See also

 Motorcycle suspension
 List of motorcycle suspension manufacturers

References

External links
 Fox Racing Official Site

Motorcycle racing
Cycle suspension manufacturers
Automotive companies established in 1977
Watsonville, California
1977 establishments in California
Cycle manufacturers of the United States
Motorcycle parts manufacturers


Ian Burn (29 December 1939 – 29 September 1993) was an Australian conceptual artist. He was a member of the Art and Language group that flourished in the 1970s. Ian Burn was also an art writer, curator, and scholar.

Biography
Ian Burn was born on 29 December 1939 in Geelong, Australia.

Burn studied art at the National Gallery Art School in Melbourne. He became affiliated with the Art and Language collective when he moved to London in 1964 and remained a part of the group when he moved to New York City in 1967.  In 1977, Burn returned to Australia to teach at Sydney University. Ian Burn drowned on 29 September 1993 while swimming in rough seas at Bawley Point, New South Wales.

Notable work
"Xerox Book", 1968 - 100 iterative copies of a blank sheet of white paper on a Xerox 720, arranged in a book in the order they were created. The final pages in the series of copies were filled with black forms that had arisen slowly from the 'error' of the machine. In 1969 Ian Burn, Roger Cutforth and Mel Ramsden proposed one of the first Australian exhibitions of conceptual art, shown at Pinacotheca to which they posted the entire contents of their exhibition in a small box. Ramsden had studied with Burn at the National Gallery School and was included in The Field.

References

External links
Ian Burn's works at the National Gallery of Victoria
Ian Burn's works at the Art Gallery of New South Wales

 – A gallery of Ian Burn's art.

1939 births
1993 deaths
Australian conceptual artists
Australian contemporary artists
Deaths by drowning in Australia
Accidental deaths in New South Wales
Art & Language
People from Geelong
20th-century Australian artists
Australian expatriates in England
Australian expatriates in the United States
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Artists from Victoria (state)
National Gallery of Victoria Art School alumni


Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty is an American reality television series on Oxygen Network. The series debuted on August 22, 2006.

Overview
In the series, actress Shannen Doherty joins forces with people in a relationship peril who want to get out but just can not seem to do it on their own. She listens to the plight of her new "client" and put their mates to the test by creating a fictitious situation - caught by a hidden camera - to determine the true character of the relationship. If the test is failed, Doherty then helps put the relationship out of its misery.

In each episode, Doherty helps mastermind the break-up, and be on the scene to deliver the news and resolve the break-up. The goal at the end is for both parties to agree that it's all for the best and it's time to move on.

Episodes

References

External links

2000s American reality television series
2006 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
English-language television shows
American dating and relationship reality television series
Oxygen (TV channel) original programming