The Connecticut Coasters were a Roller Hockey International franchise based in New Haven, Connecticut, that played only in the 1993 season before moving to California and becoming the Sacramento River Rats.

Their team colors were teal, purple, and silver.  They played at New Haven Memorial Coliseum under the joint ownership of the league and arena.

The Coasters finished 3rd in their division and 7th in the league with a 7-5-2 record, and faced the Anaheim Bullfrogs in the first round of the playoffs, a team that finished with the league's best record and went on to win the inaugural Murphy Cup. Despite four goals from Brian Horan, the Coasters lost the one-game playoff by a score of 15-8 to the Bullfrogs; Goalie Neil Walsh kept the Coasters in the game, despite being outshot by a 28-15 margin.

Season record
Year  GP  W  L  OTL  PTS  PCT  GF  GA  PIM
1993  14  7  5   2   16  .571 124 112  332

Moving to Sacramento
In 1994, the Connecticut Coasters moved to Sacramento, California and became the Sacramento River Rats.

References

Defunct sports clubs and teams in Connecticut
Roller Hockey International teams
Sports clubs and teams established in 1993
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1993
Sports clubs and teams in Connecticut
1993 disestablishments in Connecticut
1993 establishments in Connecticut
Sports in New Haven, Connecticut


Seri () is a Village Development Committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 2012 Nepal census it had a population of 2307 people residing in 384 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of various orders. A matrix differential equation contains more than one function stacked into vector form with a matrix relating the functions to their derivatives.

For example, a first-order matrix ordinary differential equation is

where  is an  vector of functions of an underlying variable ,  is the vector of first derivatives of these functions, and  is an  matrix of coefficients.

In the case where  is constant and has n linearly independent eigenvectors, this differential equation has the following general solution,

where  are the eigenvalues of A;  are the respective eigenvectors of A; and  are constants.

More generally, if  commutes with its integral  then the Magnus expansion reduces to leading order, and the general solution to the differential equation is

where  is an  constant vector.

By use of the Cayley–Hamilton theorem and Vandermonde-type matrices, this formal matrix exponential solution may be reduced to a simple form. Below, this solution is displayed in terms of Putzer's algorithm.

Stability and steady state of the matrix system

The matrix equation

with n×1 parameter constant vector b is stable if and only if all eigenvalues of the constant matrix A have a negative real part.

The steady state x* to which it converges if stable is found by setting

thus yielding

assuming A is invertible.

Thus, the original equation can be written in the homogeneous form in terms of deviations from the steady state,

An equivalent  way of expressing this is that x* is a particular solution to the inhomogeneous equation, while all solutions are in the form

with  a solution to the homogeneous equation (b=0).

Stability of the two-state-variable case
In the n = 2 case (with two state variables), the stability conditions that the two eigenvalues of the transition matrix A each have a negative real part are equivalent to the conditions that the trace of A be negative and its determinant be positive.

Solution in matrix form
The formal solution of  has the matrix exponential form

evaluated using any of a multitude of techniques.

Putzer Algorithm for computing
Given a matrix A  with eigenvalues ,

where

The equations for  are simple first order inhomogeneous ODEs.

Note the algorithm does not require that the matrix A  be diagonalizable and bypasses complexities of the Jordan canonical forms normally utilized.

Deconstructed example of a matrix ordinary differential equation

A first-order homogeneous matrix ordinary differential equation in two functions x(t) and y(t), when taken out of matrix form, has the following form:

where , , , and  may be any arbitrary scalars.

Higher order matrix ODE's may possess a much more complicated form.

Solving deconstructed matrix ordinary differential equations

The process of solving the above equations and finding the required functions of this particular order and form consists of 3 main steps.  Brief descriptions of each of these steps are listed below:

Finding the eigenvalues
Finding the eigenvectors
Finding the needed functions

The final, third, step in solving these sorts of ordinary differential equations is usually done by means of plugging in the values calculated in the two previous steps into a specialized general form equation, mentioned later in this article.

Solved example of a matrix ODE

To solve a matrix ODE according to the three steps detailed above, using simple matrices in the process, let us find, say, a function  and a function  both in terms of the single independent variable , in the following homogeneous linear differential equation of the first order,

To solve this particular ordinary differential equation system, at some point in the solution process, we shall need a set of two initial values (corresponding to the two state variables at the starting point).  In this case, let us pick .

First step
The first step, already mentioned above, is finding the eigenvalues of A in

The derivative notation x′ etc. seen in one of the vectors above is known as Lagrange's notation (first introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange. It is equivalent to the derivative notation dx/dt used in the previous equation, known as Leibniz's notation, honoring the name of Gottfried Leibniz.)

Once the coefficients of the two variables have been written in the matrix form A displayed above, one may evaluate the eigenvalues. To that end, one finds the determinant of the matrix that is formed when an identity matrix, , multiplied by some constant  , is subtracted from the above coefficient matrix to yield the characteristic polynomial of it,

and solve for its zeroes.

Applying further simplification and basic rules of matrix addition  yields

Applying the rules of finding the determinant of a single 2×2 matrix, yields the following elementary quadratic equation,

which may be reduced further to get a simpler version of the above,

Now finding the two roots,   and  of the given quadratic equation by applying the factorization method  yields

The values  and , calculated above are the required eigenvalues of A.
In some cases, say other matrix ODE's, the eigenvalues may be complex, in which case the following step of the solving process, as well as the final form and the solution, may dramatically change.

Second step
As mentioned above,  this step involves finding the eigenvectors  of A from the information originally provided.

For each of the eigenvalues calculated, we have an individual eigenvector. For the first eigenvalue, which is , we have

Simplifying the above expression by applying basic matrix multiplication rules  yields

All of these calculations have been done only to obtain the last expression, which in our case is . Now taking some arbitrary value, presumably, a small insignificant value, which is much easier to work with, for either  or  (in most cases, it does not really matter), we substitute it into . Doing so produces a simple vector, which is the required eigenvector for this particular eigenvalue. In our case, we pick , which, in turn determines that   and, using the standard vector notation, our vector looks like

Performing the same operation using the second eigenvalue we calculated, which is , we obtain our second eigenvector. The process of working out this vector is not shown, but the final result is

Third step
This final step finds the required functions that are 'hidden' behind the derivatives given to us originally. There are two functions, because our differential equations deal with two variables.

The equation which involves all the pieces of information that we have previously found, has the following form:

Substituting the values of eigenvalues and eigenvectors  yields

Applying further simplification,

Simplifying further and writing the equations for functions  and  separately,

The above equations are, in fact, the general functions sought, but they are in their general form (with unspecified values of  and ), whilst  we want to actually find their exact forms and solutions. So now we consider the problem’s given initial conditions (the problem including given initial conditions is the so-called initial value problem). Suppose we are given , which plays the role of starting point for our ordinary differential equation; application of these conditions specifies the constants,  and . As we see from the  conditions, when , the left sides of the above equations equal 1. Thus we may construct the following system of linear equations,

Solving these equations, we find that both constants  and  equal 1/3. Therefore  substituting these values into the general form of these two functions
specifies their exact forms,

the two functions sought.

Using matrix exponentiation
The above problem could have been solved with a direct application of the matrix exponential. That is, we can say that

Given that (which can be computed using any suitable tool, such as MATLAB's expm tool, or by performing matrix diagonalisation and leveraging the property that the matrix exponential of a diagonal matrix is the same as element-wise exponentiation of its elements)

the final result is

This is the same as the eigenvector approach shown before.

See also
 Nonhomogeneous equations
 Matrix difference equation
 Newton's law of cooling
 Fibonacci sequence
 Difference equation
 Wave equation
 Autonomous system (mathematics)

References

Ordinary differential equations


Srikot  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2423 people living in 463 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


Drive-thru voting describes the method of voting in an election whereby completed ballot papers submitted by placing them in a drop-box. Drive-thru voting is an alternative to having voters go in person to a polling station, vote electronically via an electronic voting system, and postal voting. This form of voting was recently prohibited in texas's new voting bill.

The drive-thru method is supported for its convenience compared to traditional voting methods. It can also be used to offer expanded hours for voting as a box can be made available 24 hours a day. This method of voting is not heavily utilized yet but has been available in El Dorado County, California, for the 2008 election year where more than 500 voters used the drop boxes, and in Calgary, Alberta, for the 2017 election.

On Wednesday, March 26, 2020, the Town of Vernon, CT held a historic drive-thru vote and town meeting.  This meeting was to approve a transfer of $2,986,198.00 from the town’s general fund to the capital non-recurring account to pay down debt related to purchases made via internal lease financing.

The vote was the vision of Vernon Mayor and State Senator Daniel Champagne, who designed the vote together with Town Administrator Michael J. Purcaro, town staff and local elected officials.  Mayor Champagne told local media the vote was “all about preserving democracy. “    Mayor Champagne told NBC Connecticut, “We figured out a way to do it safely.  We get people to vote and we should just keep going, keep government moving.”

Voters cast their votes using hand signals through their windshields to follow public health guidance and social distancing recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic.   A total of 55 votes were cast on March 26, 2020 and the question based with 54 in favor and 1 opposed.

Vernon Town Administrator and Director of Emergency and Risk Management Michael Purcaro believes that this vote may be the first of its kind in the nation.  Mr. Purcaro said, “we’re all learning countrywide how to keep our democratic processes moving forward” while working to prevent the spread of virus.

The Town of Vernon held a second drive-up vote on Tuesday March 28, 2020 as part of the town meeting on the annual budget.  In accordance with executive orders issued by the Connecticut Governor in response to COVID-19, Vernon held a virtual town meeting followed by a drive-thru vote.   The vote was held at Rockville High School where voters decided the Town’s annual $94.1 million dollar budget.   It was held in a similar manner to the March 26, 2020 vote at Town Hall.   Voters either drove or walked up to the polling site where they had to show proper identification through their car window or from a safe distance.   Taxpayers then cast their votes at a second station using hand signals in order to follow social distancing guidelines and prevent the spread of COVID-19.    Voters overwhelmingly approved the zero-tax increase budget by a vote of 106-4.    Mr. Purcaro said, “our primary concern is for the health and well-being of our community.  We also continue to be deeply concerned about the health of our democracy throughout this crisis.  The right to vote is the foundation of our democracy.  The constitution is not suspended in times of crisis.”

Drawbacks

In an interview, Texas Governor Greg Abbott claimed drive-thru voting could undermine voting integrity if passengers are present during the voting process. Abbot claimed voting integrity has historically been maintained by ensuring voting can take place in private, and that the presence of passengers could have a coercive effect on voters. Another criticism of Governor Abbott is that propaganda such as political bumper stickers could be in view of vehicles in line. This is against Texas state law, since it undermines voting integrity by permitting the presence of propaganda on voting premises, he said.

Concerns about voting in a box and postal voting have been raised. The system has less protection to ensure a secret ballot, in that people cast their vote outside the security of a polling station. In addition the boxes could be tampered with or vandalized, if left unmonitored.

Drive-Thru voting can be a way to prevent manipulation of an election through get out the vote efforts, for instance, in state conventions of a society, in which supporters of a cause or candidate bus in their supporters to vote and then bus them back.

See also
 Convenience voting

References

Voting


Srinagar is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. The district capital of Gamgadhi is located within it. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2256 people living in 411 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


Jack O'Neill (March 27, 1923 – June 2, 2017) was an American businessman and founder of the surfwear and surfboard company O'Neill.

Early life
O'Neill grew up in Oregon and southern California, where he began body surfing in the late 1930s. He was a Navy pilot during World War II. O'Neill later moved to San Francisco in 1949 and earned a bachelor's degree in liberal arts at San Francisco State University.

Career
In 1952, he founded the O'Neill brand while opening one of California's first surf shops in a garage on the Great Highway in San Francisco, close to his favorite bodysurfing break at the time.
This led to the establishment of a company that deals in wetsuits, surf gear, and clothing. Jack O'Neill's name is attached to surfwear and his brand of surfing equipment. Although the invention of the wetsuit had often been attributed to O'Neill, he was not its inventor. An investigation concluded that UC Berkeley physicist Hugh Bradner was the inventor of the wetsuit.

In December 1996 he began a non-profit organization called O'Neill Sea Odyssey which provides students with hands-on lessons in marine biology and that teaches the relationship between the oceans and the environment. It has hosted about 100,000 children since it started.

Personal life
He was married to Marjorie, who died in 1973, and they had six children.

O'Neill resided on a beachfront property in Santa Cruz, California, from 1959 until his death on June 2, 2017.

His granddaughter Uma O'Neill is a New Zealand-born equestrian rider, who represents that country and holds both New Zealand and American citizenships, she  was selected to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Awards
In 2002, O'Neill was an EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award recipient for the Northern California Region.

References

Further reading

 Ocean Odysseys: Jack O'Neill, Dan Haifley, and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary

1923 births
2017 deaths
United States Navy pilots of World War II
Businesspeople from Denver
Businesspeople from California
People from Santa Clara, California
Surfing equipment
20th-century American businesspeople
Military personnel from California


Dava may refer to:

Dava, a division of Hindu Akhara
Dava (comics), a fictional martial artist appearing in comics published by DC Comics
Dava Bazaar, an area in South Mumbai noted for producing medical and scientific instruments as well as lab chemicals
Dava (Dacian), the Geto-Dacian name for a city, town or fortress
Dava railway station, a former railway station at Dava muir in the Spey Valley, Scotland

People
Dava Newman, American professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Dava Ramadhan, Indonesian footballer
Dava Savel, American television producer
Dava Sobel (born 1947), American scientific author
Dava (singer), American pop singer


Sukhadhik  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1948 people living in 339 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


Kimari  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 743 people living in 131 individual households. Most of the people are named "The Herro" or "Kimawi.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


Amílcar Barbuy (29 March 1893 – 24 August 1965) was an Italian Brazilian football player and manager. A talented and well-rounded midfielder, he was known for his commanding presence, pinpoint tackling, ability to read the game, powerful kicks and great long passes and was one of the greatest players of Corinthians.

For some veteran Corinthians supporters, Amílcar was the second most skilled and gifted Brazilian footballer, only behind Pelé.

He also played for Palestra Itália and Lazio, becoming the first Brazilian in the Italian Football. At the age of 38, he became the oldest player ever to debut in the Italian Serie A in 1931, a record which was only broken in 2016 by Maurizio Pugliesi, at the age of 39.

He played 19 games for Brazil, scoring five goals. He managed Lazio, São Paulo, Palestra Itália, Corinthians, Portuguesa, Portuguesa Santista and Atlético Mineiro.

References

External links

 Pelé.Net
 Milton Neves

1893 births
1965 deaths
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazil men's international footballers
Brazilian football managers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate football managers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Serie A players
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
São Paulo state football team players
SS Lazio players
SS Lazio managers
Expatriate football managers in Italy
São Paulo FC managers
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista managers
Copa América-winning players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras managers
Footballers from São Paulo


Soul City Records is an American record label founded by the singer Johnny Rivers in 1966. The most notable acts on Soul City were The 5th Dimension, Al Wilson and Rivers himself. The label was distributed by Liberty Records, which is now part of Capitol Records and Universal Music Group. With the help of David Geffen, Rivers sold the label (but not the rights to the name) to Bell Records in 1970. Rivers' 1977 hit "Swayin to the Music (Slow Dancin')" on Big Tree Records bore the Soul City logo. Rivers reactivated the label in 1988 to issue his own recordings, hence making Soul City a private label. To date, Rivers is its only recording artist.

References

External links
Official web site

American record labels
Record labels established in 1966
Record labels disestablished in 1970
Record labels established in 1988
Re-established companies
Soul music record labels


Soul City Records may refer to:
Soul City Records (British label), a British soul music label
Soul City Records (American label), an American record label founded by Johnny Rivers best known for issuing recordings by The 5th Dimension


László Jeney (30 May 1923 – 24 April 2006) was a Hungarian water polo player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics,  1952 Summer Olympics, 1956 Summer Olympics, and 1960 Summer Olympics. He is one of eight male athletes who won four or more Olympic medals in water polo.

He was born in Cluj, Kingdom of Romania and died in Budapest.

Jeney was part of the Hungarian team which won the silver medal in the 1948 tournament. He played two matches as goalkeeper.

Four years later he was a member of the Hungarian team which won the gold medal in the 1952 Olympic tournament. He played six matches as goalkeeper.

At the 1956 Games he won again the gold medal with the Hungarian team. He played two matches as goalkeeper.

His last Olympic tournament was in Rome 1960 where he won the bronze medal. Again he played two matches as goalkeeper for the Hungarian team.

See also
 Hungary men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of multiple Olympic medalists in one event
 List of Olympic champions in men's water polo
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
 List of players who have appeared in multiple men's Olympic water polo tournaments
 List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers
 Blood in the Water match

References

External links

1923 births
2006 deaths
Sportspeople from Cluj-Napoca
Hungarian male water polo players
Water polo goalkeepers
Water polo players at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Hungary in water polo
Olympic silver medalists for Hungary in water polo
Olympic bronze medalists for Hungary in water polo
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
20th-century Hungarian people
21st-century Hungarian people


Mugu  is a village development committee in the Himalayas of Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. After Dolphu it is the second largest VDC in Mugu District which takes its name from it. It is located on the border with Tibet, China. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 898 people living in 181 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


Enrique Burgos Calles (born October 7, 1965) is a Panamanian former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals and San Francisco Giants and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Brother Elephants and Uni-President Lions.

Career
From 1993 to 1995, he played for the Kansas City Royals and the San Francisco Giants. He was signed by the Toronto Blue Jays as an amateur free agent in 1983 and was involved in a trade for Brent Cookson in 1995. He would have stints in Mexico and Taiwan before ending his professional career.

References

Sources

1965 births
Living people
Acereros de Monclova players
Altoona Curve players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Florence Blue Jays players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
Kansas City Royals players
Knoxville Blue Jays players
Kinston Blue Jays players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Panama
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Miami Miracle players
Myrtle Beach Blue Jays players
Omaha Royals players
Panamanian expatriate baseball players in Canada
Panamanian expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Panamanian expatriate baseball players in the United States
People from La Chorrera District
Phoenix Firebirds players
Piratas de Campeche players
San Francisco Giants players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Ventura County Gulls players
Panamanian expatriate baseball players in Taiwan
Brother Elephants players
Uni-President Lions players


Cola-nut galls develop as a chemically induced distortion of leaf axillary or terminal buds on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) or sessile oak (Quercus petraea) trees, caused by the agamic gall wasp Andricus lignicola (Hartig, 1840) which lays single eggs within leaf buds using their ovipositor. A previous name or synonym for the species A. lignicola is A. lignicolus and A. venheurni.

The physical appearance of the galls

The galls are found in small groups, which however do not coalesce, helping to prevent mis-identification with the oak marble gall (Andricus kollari), in addition the shape is ovoid rather than spherical and it is scaly rather than smooth. It grows up to about 10 x 8 mm and is at first green, rapidly changing to grey-brown, with light red patches where the original bud scales have separated. It is hard and firm, but does not always persist on the tree for very long. Once the imago has emerged a small circular hole is apparent.

Distribution

It is well known in continental Europe, occurring from Great Britain to Asia Minor.

Life-cycle
The imago of the agamic phase emerges in early summer following the gall's inception. The bisexual generation gall is very similar to that of A. kollari, effecting the live bud of Quercus species and has only been seen under culture conditions (1975). Removing and destroying cola-nut galls before they dry and the wasps emerge may help to reduce an infestation. While fairly large, and sometimes present in quite large numbers on scrub specimens, they cause no measurable harm.

See also
 Gall
 Gall wasp
 Knopper gall
 Oak apple
 Oak marble gall
 Pineapple gall
 Red-pea gall
 Rose bedeguar gall

References

External links

Cynipidae
Gall-inducing insects
Hymenoptera of Asia
Hymenoptera of Europe
Insects described in 1840
Oak galls
Taxa named by Theodor Hartig


The Pittsburgh Athletic Club (PAC) was one of the earliest professional ice hockey teams. It was based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from around 1895 until 1905 and again from 1907 to 1909.

The team was a member of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which was formed in 1896.

History

Origins

In 1895, Pittsburgh officials, constructed the Schenley Park Casino which featured the first artificial ice-making plant in North America. The 1895–96 winter season also saw the first introduction of hockey in the city.

On December 30, 1895, the Pittsburgh Press made mention of a “great international hockey and polo tournament” opening game at the Casino. The newspaper reported that a team consisting of ten players from Queen's University played against a group of local players from Western University (today the University of Pittsburgh) and Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost (today Duquesne University) and a half-hour of exhibition of hockey was played before the polo match. The paper noted that 2,500 to 3,000 fans showed up to watch the game, despite claims of bad weather. No score or records were reportedly kept but the paper did note that the team from Queen's University outplayed the Pittsburghers, who had never played the game before.

After seeing the excitement and fan appeal of the hockey game, the Casino's management decided to organize a senior league at the rink. The league was strictly amateur and was named the Western Pennsylvania League. The league played its first season in 1896–97 at the Casino, with four teams, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, the Duquesne Country & Athletic Club, Western University of Pennsylvania (the University of Pittsburgh today) and a team known as (All-)Pittsburgh, or the "Casino" team. The Pittsburgh Athletic Club team was managed by Charles S. Miller, who became the league's president.

Championship era: 1899-1901
 The league played at the Casino twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday nights. The first "big league" championship (season) game was November 17, 1896 between Duquesne Country & Athletic Club and All-Pittsburgh, won by Duquesne 2–1; however, the league's season was cut short on December 16, when the Casino rink was destroyed by fire. The "Casino" team, Pittsburgh Athletic Club and Western University teams all lost their hockey equipment in the fire. A fire at the Casino in December 1896 destroyed the only ice hockey rink in Pittsburgh and the league dissolved without a championship.

The team and the league were revived by the construction of an artificial ice rink at the Duquesne Garden. The league's second season began on January 24, 1899, when the Garden hosted its first hockey game in a match between the Pittsburgh Athletic Club and Western University of Pittsburgh.

The Pittsburgh Athletic Club would then go on to claim the league’s first championship. The team then won the next two titles, which resulted in being awarded the $500 Trophy, in 1900 and again in 1901

The 1901–02 season is considered the first season in which the league and its teams were recognized as professional. The first professional ice hockey league. To fill the team, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club recruited players from Canada with promises of high-paid employment and small cash incentives of roughly $30 per week. Two of the players signed by the Pittsburgh Athletic Club were George Lamb and Bill Hamilton.

In 1904, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club was captained by Alf Smith, a future Hall of Famer, who won four straight Stanley Cup titles as a player and coach with the Ottawa Silver Seven from 1903 to 1906.

The WPHL and its teams lasted until the end of the 1903–04 season, when the league pulled their best players to field one Pittsburgh team, the Pittsburgh Professionals, to play in the International Professional Hockey League.

In 1904–05, a re-formed PAC team played a handful of exhibition games, including a series against the Dawson City Nuggets. The Pittsburgh Post described this version of the team as made up of "interscholastic players, skate boys from the Garden and has-beens of former years".

Revival and quick demise
The WPHL, along with the Pittsburgh Athletic Club team was revived for the 1907–08 season. The team now featured several of Canada's top talent, including Albert Kerr, Ken Mallen, Garnet Sixsmith and Cyclone Taylor; however, the WPHL could no longer rely on salaries as novelty to attract Canadian talent, since professionalism had spread into Canada. Many players signed up, particularly since the WPHL played on Duquesne Garden's artificial ice and was not dependent on cold weather to provide a naturally frozen surface; however, as winter began and Canadian rinks became available, the players returned north to teams closer to home. This attrition affected all of the league's teams. The Pittsburgh Athletic Club itself saw the mid-season defections of stars like Cyclone Taylor and Con Corbeau to Canada. Finally, after the 1908–09 season the WPHL and the Pittsburgh Athletic Club team disbanded.

Hall of Famers
Alf Smith (1962)
Cyclone Taylor (1947)

References

Ice hockey teams in Pittsburgh
Defunct ice hockey teams in Pennsylvania
Athletic Club
Athletic Club


Swishing refers to swapping an item or items of clothing or shoes or an accessory with friends or acquaintances. Parties must willingly give an item to participate in the transaction, once they have given an item they are free to choose something of interest from what others have offered. Value does not come into the equation, as swappers do not necessarily get an item of equal value and are free to choose anything that the other person if offering (without having to pay). Swishing is now being more widely practiced throughout the world and has evolved to include other items such as books and furniture. Not only do people hold 'swishing parties' either as a charity event or simply for the enjoyment of it (while recycling and saving money at the same time), but there are several websites where online swishes take place.

History
Swishing (deriving from the dictionary definition of 'to rustle, as silk' - which in the eyes of the swishing team means 'to rustle from friends') began in 2000 when Lucy Shea, founder of green PR firm Futerra, and her colleagues wanted to come up with a way to combine a love of retail shopping without contributing to increased consumption. It has since been endorsed by fashion model Twiggy in Twiggy's frock exchange, and as a result has become one of the most popular ways of swapping clothes.

Practice
A swishing party usually has a host who lays out guests' items at the venue after the guests have arrived. The host sends one group of guests to look at the items while other groups wait or do an activity. When an allocated amount of time has passed, the groups rotate. When all guests have seen the items, the host places everyone's name into a hat or bowl and draws them one at a time; when a guest's name is called, he or she claims an item. The host waits for only a few seconds before calling out the next name. The remainder of the items are them donated to charity by the host.

There are several types of variations.  If the swish is for charity, attendees have their names placed into the bowl along with an extra amount for a donation; swishes can be focused on specific items like clothes, crockery, shoes, handbags, and accessories; they can be held for family, friends, or workmates; or they can be less orderly, as a free-for-all instead of a drawing by name.

External links
BBC: "Twiggy's Frock Exchange"
The Guardian: "Swap till you drop", 5/18/2007

Charity fundraisers
Fashion
Recycling


Kale  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 876 people living in 186 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


Mihi  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 898 people living in 181 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


Rumale  is a village development committee in Mugu District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1154 people living in 220 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mugu District

Populated places in Mugu District


The Expulsion () is a 1923 silent German drama film directed by F. W. Murnau. The film is now considered to be lost. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Erich Czerwonski and Rochus Gliese. Location shooting took place in the Riesengebirge.

Plot
Old man Steyer (Carl Goetz) lives on a mountainside farm with his wife (Ilka Grüning), widowed son (Eugen Klöpfer), and granddaughter, Aenne (Lucie Mannheim). The son marries Ludmilla (Aud Egede-Nissen), a very poor girl from a nearby village. Ludmilla loves Lauer (William Dieterle), a local hunter, but Lauer is too poor to marry her. Ludmilla continues her affair with Lauer even after the marriage.

Ludmilla asks her new husband to sell the farm and move to the village, as she cannot stand being isolated in the mountains. The son agrees, hoping it will make Ludmilla love him. They go to the village to sign a deed of sale. The son drinks heavily, decides to marry Aenne to Lauer, and then has second thoughts about selling the farm.

Unable to find her husband, who has gone to the notary to cancel the sale, Ludmilla asks Lauer to take her home. A blizzard has begun, and they are unable to make it back up the mountain. They take refuge in Lauer's cabin instead, where they begin to make love. The son, however, follows their tracks in the snow. He finds them in the cabin, and brutally assaults Lauer.

The next morning, the son and Ludmilla return to the farm, their marriage in ruins. They discover that the mother and father have decided to leave their beloved home, now that it has been sold, and have already packed all their things.

Cast

See also
List of lost films

References

External links

1923 films
1923 drama films
1923 lost films
Silent German drama films
German silent feature films
German black-and-white films
Films of the Weimar Republic
Films directed by F. W. Murnau
Lost German films
Films produced by Erich Pommer
UFA GmbH films
Lost drama films
1920s German films
Films with screenplays by Thea von Harbou


Blackberry Blossom is an album by American guitarist Norman Blake, released in 1977.

Reception

Writing for Allmusic, critic Ronnie D. Lankford, Jr. noted that Blake "imbeds himself in tradition, offering honest interpretations and fresh originals that are respectful of their roots. In this way, his true artistry grows each time the listener places a disc like Blackberry Blossom in the CD player. To those familiar with Blake, this re-issue will be warmly welcomed; for the unfamiliar, Blackberry Blossom is a great place to get started."

Track listing
 "Are You from Dixie?" (George L. Cobb, Jack Yellen) – 3:40
"The Rights Of Man Hornpipe" – 2:35
"The Highland Light" (Blake) – 5:16
"Railroad Blues" (Traditional) – 8:02
"Foggy Valley" (Traditional) – 2:31
"Lonesome Jenny" (Blake) – 7:21
"Blackberry Blossom" (Traditional) – 3:33
"D Medley" (Traditional) – 5:26
"Jerusalem Ridge" (Monroe) – 3:46

Personnel
Norman Blake – guitar, mandolin, violin, vocals
Nancy Blake – guitar, cello
Production notes
Dr. Toby Mountain – mastering

References

1977 albums
Norman Blake (American musician) albums


WBTS may refer to:

 WBTS-CD, a low-power Class A NBC-owned-and-operated television station (channel 32/virtual channel 15) licensed to serve Nashua, New Hampshire, United States
 WYCN-LD, a low-power Telemundo-owned-and-operated television station (channel 36/virtual channel 8) licensed to serve Providence, Rhode Island, United States, which held the call sign WBTS-LD from October 2016 until August 2019
 WAIB-LP, a low-power radio station (88.5 FM) licensed to serve Redwood, New York, United States, which held the call sign WBTS-LP from August 2014 until October 2016
 WSBB-FM, a radio station (95.5 FM) licensed to Doraville, Georgia, United States, which held the call sign WBTS from October 1999 until October 2010
 WJTW, a radio station (1480 AM) licensed to Bridgeport, Alabama, United States, which held the call sign WBTS until November 1998
 Web-based training system or services
 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, an 1884 corporation of Jehovah's Witnesses
 Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., a 1909 corporation of Jehovah's Witnesses


The winners of the 1993–94 Asian Cup Winners' Cup, the association football competition run by the Asian Football Confederation, are listed below.

First round

|}
1 Al Nasr withdrew
2 Sarawak withdrew

Second round

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1 New Radiant apparently qualified for quarter-final; reason unknown

Quarter-finals

|}
1 New Radiant withdrew

Semi-finals

|}
1 Nissan withdrew

Final

|}

First leg

Second leg

References
Stokkermans, Karel. "Asian Cup Winners Cup 1994". RSSSF.

Asian Cup Winners' Cup
2
2


The VIVA World Cup is an international football tournament organized by the New Federation Board, an umbrella association for nations unaffiliated with FIFA. A women's tournament played as a two-legged match was organized in 2008 and 2010.

History

Sápmi 2008
The first edition, with only two teams, was won by the host, Sápmi, who beat Kurdistan over two legs with an aggregate score of 15 – 1.

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

Gozo 2010
The second edition, again with only two teams, was won by Padania, who beat the host Gozo over two legs with an aggregate score of 7 – 0.

See also
 Island Games
 Non-FIFA football

References

External links
 Official Site
 Official forum

Women's World Cup
Women's World Cup
World Cup


Barrington ("Barry") Watson (born 13 February 1944) is a former Great British Olympian and long-distance runner. He came 45th in the marathon in the 1976 Summer Olympics. In 1977, he came second behind Steve Ovett in the first Dartford half marathon.

In 2005, he helped to establish the Somme Poppy Marathon. He was born in Poole, Dorset, England.

International competitions

References

1944 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Poole
English male marathon runners
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics


Lennart Stekelenburg (born 22 October 1986) is a Dutch swimmer who specialises in breaststroke. He is the current national record holder in the 50 m, 100 m and 200 m breaststroke at the long course and is part of the 4 × 100 m relay team who hold the Dutch long course record.

Swimming career
After winning a silver medal in the 50 m breast and a bronze medal in the 100 m breast at the European Junior Swimming Championships 2004 in Lisbon, Portugal. Stekelenburg made his international senior debut at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada where he was eliminated in both 50 m and 100 m breaststroke. In the following years he swam several European Championships making his best performance at the 2008 European Aquatics Championships in Eindhoven in his home country the Netherlands, ending up 6th in the 50 m breaststroke final after swimming a national record in the semi-finals.

2008/2009 season
Stekelenburg qualified for the 2009 World Aquatics Championships during the Swim Cup Eindhoven 2008, in early December, with a national record at the 100 m breaststroke. One week later he took part in the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2008 in Rijeka, Croatia where he ended 8th in the 100 m breaststroke but was eliminated in the heats of the 50 m and 200 m breaststroke.

Personal bests

See also
 List of swimmers
 List of Dutch records in swimming

References

1986 births
Living people
Dutch male breaststroke swimmers
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands
Swimmers from Rotterdam
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming


The Penang Botanic Gardens, (Malay: Taman Kebun Bunga;Tamil :பினாங்கு தாவரவியல் பூங்கா,Piṉāṅku Tāvaraviyal pūṅkā) also known as the "Waterfall Gardens" because of the cascading waterfall nearby, is a botanic garden situated on Jalan Air Terjun (Waterfall Road) in George Town, Penang, Malaysia.

The original gardens were established in 1884 from an old quarry site, under the supervision of Charles Curtis, who was the first superintendent, making it one of the oldest botanic gardens built by the British in a colonial settlement.

Penang Botanic Gardens is part of Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve, recognized by UNESCO as the third Biosphere Reserve in Malaysia listed in the World Network of Biosphere Reserve (WNBR).

History

Prior to the establishment of the present gardens, there were two previous botanic gardens on Penang Island.

The spice gardens (1794–1806)
George Town was established on Penang Island in August 1786; the settlement enabled the East India Company to establish a strategic base to challenge the Dutch spice trade and maritime supremacy in the Straits of Malacca.

In 1794, the Company appointed Christopher Smith as botanist to Penang to establish the spice gardens on Penang Island. Smith, who had originally trained at Kew Gardens, planted a small garden of "20 orlongs" [10.5 ha] in 1794 in the middle Ayer Itam valley and a larger garden, of "300 orlongs" [158 ha], at Sungai Keluang.  The exact location of both gardens is unclear.

In 1796, Smith was sent to the Moluccas, to serve as superintendent of their botanic gardens and to collect specimens of nutmeg and clove for planting in the Penang Gardens. By 1800 there were some 1,300 plants in the two Penang gardens, with Sungai Keluang now predominantly growing pepper plants. That year, a delivery of a further 15,000 clove and 1,500 nutmeg trees together with canary nuts and sugar palms arrived from Ambon Island. The size of this delivery led to the enlargement of the Ayer Itam gardens and Residency grounds; as a result, Smith was instructed by Lieutenant Governor Leith to return to supervise this enterprise and cease collecting further specimens in the region. By 1802 Smith reported that there were 19,000 nutmeg and 6,250 clove trees under his supervision. In the 1804–05 financial year, the Gardens supported 80 "coolies" and an operational budget of $11,909.

Captain James Low (writing in 1836) described the Gardens during this period as: "... embracing one hundred and thirty acres of land, lying on the slopes which skirt the base of the hill near Amie's Mills, a romantic spot and well watered by a running stream now called Ayer Putih. This plantation, in some respects a mere nursery, contained in the above year [1802] the number of 19,628 nutmeg plants, varying from one up to four years old, 3,460 being four years of age. There were also 6,259 clove trees, of which 669 were above six, and under seven years old."

Following further collecting trips, Smith returned to George Town in 1805, accompanied by 71,266 nutmeg and 55,263 clove plants together with additional canary nut and sugar palm specimens. On his return, Smith was appointed superintendent of the Botanic Gardens, but died unexpectedly in George Town soon afterwards.  By now, George Town had been elevated to the status of India's fourth presidency, and Lieutenant Governor Leith had been succeeded in 1803 by Colonel Robert T. Farquhar. Farquhar sold the Gardens' contents at 12 days' notice for $9,656. Most of the specimens were removed and replanted elsewhere by various purchasers.

The kitchen gardens (1822–1834)
In 1822, the then Governor of Penang, William Edward Phillips, established the second gardens, following the urging of Sir Stamford Raffles, the superintendent of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. Raffles' friend, the Danish naturalist Dr. Nathaniel Wallich, recommended the appointment of Penang Free School headmaster and amateur botanist, George Porter, on a salary of $100, to manage these gardens. Porter, formerly a member of the Calcutta Gardens staff, had accompanied Wallich to Singapore in 1822.  Wallich had named a dwarf Dracaena, Dracaena porteri, after Porter. While Porter accepted the position of superintendent he was nominally in charge under a local judge, a Mr. Leycester, who was appointed curator. These gardens were also sited in the Ayer Itam valley; possibly on the same government land reserve as the previous gardens.

The Gardens were tended until 1834, when the then Governor Kenneth Murchison, "who took no interest in gardens or agriculture", sold them for 1250 rupees "because his wife could not get enough vegetables from the gardens to diminish her cook's bills", although the reason may also have been due to Straits Settlements cost-cutting measures executed by the Governor General Lord George Bentinck. Following the sale, Porter apparently returned to his former position as headmaster.

The present gardens

Foundation to 1903
In 1884 Nathaniel Cantley, superintendent of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, established the present Botanic Gardens and appointed Charles Curtis as the assistant superintendent. At its inception, the Botanic Gardens Department was administered by the Gardens and Forests Department of the Straits Settlement. It was engaged mainly in the cultivation of commercial plants, inspecting crops and advising the planting community. When the work connected with economic crops and forestry were taken over by the Agriculture and Forestry Departments, Curtis made himself responsible for the layout of the Botanic Gardens and their transformation from an old granite quarry site.

Under Curtis three "Experimental Gardens" were established, including the "Waterfall Nursery Gardens" (580 m) that was developed into the present Botanic Gardens, the "Top Hill Nursery" (777 m) later renamed the "Government Bungalow Garden", and the "Plains Nursery" later comprising the Government Residency. Located at 579 m, with an average annual rainfall in the 1890s of 381 cm, the site of the Botanic Gardens embraces over 29 ha, comprising a significant middle portion, of the Waterfall River valley below the Waterfall which cascades from a height of over 120 m. The heavy rainfall often resulted in management problems, and land slips in the "steepest part of the grounds". The third Botanic Gardens were eventually sited in the Waterfall River valley on land acquired by the colonial government in 1884–85 for this purpose. Curtis records that much of this land was owned by a Mr Hogan.

On his appointment as the first superintendent of the Botanic Garden, Curtis was presented with a tropical valley, including a nutmeg plantation with associated structures, and a prominent location on the trail to and at the foot of the "Great Waterfall". While an avid and acknowledged botanist and plant collector, he proved himself to be a creative landscape designer in crafting the design and development of the Gardens.

On accepting the position, Curtis proposed a long-term strategy as to the development of the gardens and its potential role as a botanical repository and clearing house. Curtis' immediate actions were to develop a plant nursery and undertake a programme of works to create a pleasurable recreational and botanical garden in the valley. This vision was spelt out in detail in his 1885 annual report to Cantley as part of the Department's Annual Report. This included proposals to extend and develop the existing "Waterfall Gardens", the construction of road circuits, the erection of plant-houses for the propagation and cultivation of various species, and the provision of recreational venues.

His immediate steps in 1885–86 were focused upon increasing the area of the Gardens in the valley together with improving road and pedestrian access. In his 1885 report, Curtis commented on "the poor gravelly soil in the valley" which required that considerable attention should be given to the preparation of the ground for tree planting. However, the "natural advantages of the surroundings, from a landscape gardening point of view ... in a great measure compensate for this defect."

From the outset, Curtis introduced aesthetic considerations into the design of the Gardens, through the strategic placement of trees and the clearance of jungle. The circular road circuits he had constructed carefully weave through the valley opening up views, framing vantage points, and providing surprises to the visitor. Curtis' design was motivated by his objective to take advantage of and exploit the natural landscape in the first instance, and then locate plantings in functional or species family associations. A later supervisor, Frederick Sydney Banfield, observed of  the planting design structure established by Curtis that: "There is little systematic arrangement even in the botanical sections, the principal aim having been to arrange the plants in such a way as to enhance the natural beauty of the Gardens".

Curtis suffered from ill-health during his time as superintendent of the gardens, which he attributed to the quality and location of the accommodation made available to him. In March 1903, health problems caused him to take early long service leave and he formally retired on 7 December 1903, to be replaced by Walter Fox.

Since 1903

In 1910, the Gardens were threatened by a proposal to turn the valley in which they were located into a reservoir. The Gardens were handed over to the Municipality for this purpose, but the plan was abandoned and the gardens were returned to the Government in 1912. Only a small reservoir was eventually built, at the foot of the Waterfall.

During the period 1912 to 1921, much of the efforts of Curtis and his succeeding Superintendents was left to deteriorate. However, the herbarium collection increased and more time was directed to horticulture and botanical work. In subsequent years the garden matured and took on the visual aesthetic envisaged by Curtis. Several new structures and offices were added to the gardens but its overall structure, path and road configurations, the position and form of older plant houses, and the spatial layout of much of the plantings was little changed from Curtis’ original design.

Frederick Flippance, who was appointed assistant supervisor in 1921, was faced with the formidable task of relaying the gardens, in addition to his advisory role on roadside trees and other planting work in the municipal area. The work of the Gardens Department began to extend to ornamental planting of Georgetown, the Governor's Residence as well as the gardens themselves. A fine formal garden was established in 1936 in the Waterfall Gardens. Flippance remained Assistant Supervisor until 1937.

The Second World War took its toll on the Gardens. Although some of the Malay staff remained with the Gardens during the Japanese occupation, lack of funds and direction, together with the accumulation of war debris, left the Gardens in a very bad state. The Japanese excavated tunnels near the lily ponds and turned them into ammunition works and storage facilities, and a torpedo assembly station.

Upon British reoccupation in 1945, much restoration and cleaning up had to be done. As part of the post war reorganisation, the Penang Botanic Gardens was separated from its parent establishment in Singapore and, in 1946, the Gardens administration passed from Singapore to the Federation of Malay States. Whilst under the direction of Frederick Sydney Banfield, the Botanic Gardens were restored to their original splendour. In 1956, the first Malaysian — Cheang Kok Choy — was appointed as curator of Gardens, where he had previously worked as a trainee gardener. He continued to carry out the policy laid down by his predecessors until his retirement in 1976.

Today, the administration of the Gardens is the responsibility of the Penang State Government under the Pejabat Kebun Bunga (Penang Botanic Gardens Department).

The Gardens today

After the handover to the Penang State Government, the Gardens gradually eroded their role in research and botanical activities. Consequently, most of the herbarium collections of Curtis and successive superintendents were transferred to the Singapore Botanic Gardens, since when the Penang Botanic Gardens function more as a park than as botanic gardens. The Gardens' main objectives include "conservation programmes, provision of a clean, safe and conducive public recreation environment, education and raising of public awareness in the appreciation of nature and gardening". The Gardens continue some research, collaborating with other Botanic Gardens in the development and implementation of botanical and ecological research programmes both nationally and internationally.

The Penang Botanic Gardens Department aims to provide visitors with programmes that focus on the historical and cultural heritage of the gardens, the plant collections, natural landscape and rich diversity of flora and fauna. It also aims to provide professional advice related to botany, taxonomy, horticulture and landscaping.

The gardens occupy a 29 ha. site in a valley described as "an amphitheatre of hills" covered with lush tropical rain-forests. Its lush greenery and tranquil setting makes it a favourite park and a popular tourist destination. It is Penang's unique natural heritage, being the only garden of its kind in Malaysia. As well as being a repository of flora and fauna, unique to the country and to the region, it serves as a "green lung" for metropolitan Penang. As such, the garden is a popular recreational spot; some of the recreational activities include jogging, walking, jungle trekking and aerobics.

Amongst the flora in the gardens, most conspicuous are the cannonball tree (Couroupita guianensis) and the large buttress roots of the sengkuang tree (Dracontomelon dao). There is also the pinang palm (Areca catechu) that lent its name to the island of Penang, and the black lily (Tacca integrifolia) with its unique purplish-black coloured flowers. The candle tree (Parmentiera cereifera), the endemic slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum barbatum) and the ginger, Geoctachys penangensis, can also be found in the gardens.

There are also collections of rare plant species housed in the Fern House, Palm Collection, Aroid Walkway, Orchidarium, Perdana Conservatory, Cactus House, Bromeliad and Begonia House, Herb Garden, Fern Rockery, Sun Rockery, and the Formal Garden.

The garden fauna include long-tailed macaques, dusky leaf monkeys, black giant squirrels as well as many insects and butterflies.

The path around the Lily Pond offers access to tropical rainforest, a short distance from the Botanic Gardens gate. The walk from the Lower Circular Road passes two prominent groups of palms and bamboo clusters along the Waterfall River. Two orchid houses provide a comparison between cultivated hybrids and wild orchid species. The best time to admire the flowering trees is during the dry season, from February to April, when the Thai bungor (Lagerstroemia loudonii), the Javanese cassia (Cassia javanica) and the rosy trumpet (Tabebuia rosea) are in full flower.

From the Lily Pond path there is a climb to the site of Charles Curtis' former house, although only a few bricks can still be seen. Various hiking paths lead from the Botanic Gardens, to Penang Hill and to Mount Olivia at the north. Mount Olivia was the site of the Raffles' home and was named after Raffles' wife, Olivia.

Waterfall

The waterfall and reservoir are private property although they can be visited by arrangement with the Penang Water Authority (Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang). The Friends of the Penang Botanic Gardens, a non-governmental organisation, organises monthly visits to the waterfall. The Penang waterfall was closed off to the public as a safety measure during the confrontation between the newly independent Malaysia and Indonesia in the 1960s.

Early visitors to Penang Island described it as one of the key attractions of the island, including Ibrahim Munshi, son of Munshi Abdullah, who described it in his journal, the "Kisah Pelayaran". The waterfall was an important source of water for ships calling at Penang port in the early part of the 19th century. In 1804, the first water treatment plant in Malaysia was set up here, to supply the needs of 10,000 people in Penang. In 1805, an aqueduct was constructed to channel water from the fall via Pulau Tikus to a reservoir near the port. The quality of the water, filtered through the aged rocks of Penang Hill, was very high, and was described by the early sailors as "sweet".

The oval-shaped reservoir of the Penang Waterfall was constructed in the gardens in 1892 by British engineer James MacRitchie, who was also responsible for the expansion of MacRitchie Reservoir in Singapore. Around the time he was undertaking the expansion in Singapore, MacRitchie was invited by the Penang Municipal Commission in 1891 to review the options (and high cost tender results) for a proposed reservoir in Penang. He issued a report and recommended a reservoir at the waterfall. He also recommended the municipality acquire the right to draw water from Sungei Ayer Itam for the future. The Penang reservoir was reconstructed in 1950.

Today, only a small proportion of the Penang water supply comes from the waterfall reservoir — approximately 10–15% of the population obtain their water from here, while most of the island's water supply comes from Sungai Muda, on the border of Penang and Kedah.

See also
 Penang City Park (Youth Park)
 Sia Boey Urban Archaeological Park

References

External links

 Penang Sentral Global Website
 Penang Botanic Gardens on Malaysia tourism site

1884 establishments in British Malaya
Geography of Penang
Botanical gardens in Malaysia
Tourist attractions in George Town, Penang


Directions is an album of American guitarist Norman Blake, released in 1978. It was reissued in 1987 on CD along with Live at McCabe's by Takoma.

Track listing
 "Blue Ridge Mountain Blues"
 "Thebes"
 "The L & N Don't Stop Here Anymore"
 "Medley: Loch Lavan Castle/Santa Ana's Retreat/Cattle in the Cane"
 "Poor Ellen Smith"
 "Uncle Sam"
 "Ice on the Road"
 "Rake and the Rambling Blade"
 "High Dad in the Morning"
 "Father's Hall"
 "White House Breakdown"
 "'76 Blues"

Personnel
Norman Blake – guitar, mandolin, mando-cello, vocals, fiddle
Nancy Blake - cello, guitar, mandolin, vocals
Miles Anderson - alto trombone, tenor trombone, bass trumpet, baritone horn, bass trombone
Joseph Byrd - arranging [Horns] (Uncle Sam)
George Belle - engineer

References

1978 albums
Norman Blake (American musician) albums


Percy Jones (23 March 1887 – 31 March 1969) was a Welsh international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Pontypool and Newport. He was awarded eight caps for Wales and faced the touring with South Africans. Jones was one of the 'Terrible Eight' who clashed with the Irish forwards during the 1914 Five Nations Championship.

Rugby career
Jones played for several rugby clubs but was selected for Welsh international duty while with Newport and Pontypool. His first cap was against the 1912 touring South Africans and although Wales lost the game, he was reselected a few months later to face England in the 1913 Five Nations Championship. Under the captaincy of Tommy Vile, Wales lost on home soil for the first time against England since 1895. The selectors kept faith with Jones, and played in two of the next three games of the tournament, which saw wins for Wales and Jones against Scotland and France.

In 1914, Jones was selected to play in all four matches of that year's Championship. Wales only lost one game, narrowly against eventually Grand Slam champions England. Jones was best known during this campaign for the buildup to the match against Ireland. The match was to be played at the Balmoral Showgrounds in Belfast on 14 March, and  the Welsh team had travelled out to Ireland the day before. Jones and fellow Newport team mate Harry Uzzell decided to visit a local theatre in the night before the match. There they were met by some of the Irish players, where they were approached by Ireland's William Tyrrell, later to become Air Vice Marshal Sir William Tyrell, Surgeon to George VI, who challenged Jones to a physical contest on the pitch the next day. What appeared to start as good natured banter turned into a full-blooded contest during the match. Jones took several early knocks, not just from Tyrrell but from other members of the Irish pack. At half time Uzzell decided to pay the Irish back and the game descended into running fist fights and the match is remembered as being one of the most violent in international rugby. The Welsh forwards were dubbed the 'Terrible Eight' by the press after the event.

International matches played
Wales
  1913, 1914
  1913, 1914
  1914
  1913, 1914
  1912

Bibliography

References

1887 births
1969 deaths
Caerphilly RFC players
London Welsh RFC players
Newport RFC players
Rugby union players from Pontypridd
Pontypool RFC players
Rhydyfelin RFC players
Rugby union locks
Tredegar RFC players
Treorchy RFC players
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players


In the 1970 Intertoto Cup no knock-out rounds were contested, and therefore no winner was declared.

Group stage
The teams were divided into thirteen groups of four teams each, five in the 'A' region and eight in the 'B' region.

Group A1

Group A2

Group A3

Group Phase

Group A4

Group A5

Group B1

Group B2

Group B3

Group B4

Group B5

Group B6

Group B7

Group B8

See also
 1970–71 European Cup
 1970–71 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
 1970–71 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

External links
  by Pawel Mogielnicki

1970
4


The Grand Duke's Finances () is a 1924 silent German comedy film directed by F. W. Murnau.

Plot
The Grand Duke of Abacco is heir to a small and heavily indebted Mediterranean island. The Grand Duke is trying to hide from usurer Marcowitz who demands debt repayment. One hope to improve the situation would be a wedding with the Russian Grand Duchess Olga who sent him a letter saying she is determined to marry him despite not knowing him and against the opposition of her brother the Crown Prince of Russia. Businessman Bekker offers a substantial sum of money to exploit a sulphur mine but the Grand Duke is worried it would have negative effects on his subjects. Bekker joins with local conspirators to organise a revolution against the Grand Duke. In addition, the letter from Grand Duchess Olga is fraudulently obtained by Marcowitz.

Thief-detective Phillip Collin, passing as Professor Pelotard, accepts to retrieve from Markowitz incriminating letters written by Congressman Isaac. In the process, he also finds the letter from Grand Duchess Olga and replaces it with a fake. He asks Isaac for a 50,000 pound loan as his fee and tells him that he will use it to speculate on Abacco's debt. The Grand Duke decides to go secretly to the continent to retrieve Olga's letter.

Phillip Collin meets an unknown woman in a café, who asks him to help her hide from her pursuers. He willingly obliges and soon finds out that she is Grand Duchess Olga and that her pursuer is her brother.

The newspapers report on the speculation on Abacco's bonds, on the outbreak of a revolution in Abacco and on the disappearance of the Grand Duke. All regular voyages to Abacco are interrupted but Olga, who now passes as Collins' wife, manages to charter a ship to take her to Abacco island. She accepts to take along the Grand Duke, whom she has not recognised, and who introduced himself as a supporter of the Grand Duke. Marcowitz boards the Russian Crown Prince's warship and convinces him to go to Abacco by showing him his sister's (fake) letter.

In Abacco the Grand Duke and Collin overcome the self-proclaimed president and his accomplices after a short fight. However further revolutionaries overpower the Grand Duke and start preparing his hanging. Olga now understands who he is and wants to buy him off the revolutionaries, without success. At that moment, the Russian Crown Prince take control of the situation with his sailors. However, he is also inclined to have the Grand Duke hanged, for having sold his sister's letter. However Olga dismisses the letter as clumsy forgery. Collin gives back the authentic letter to the Grand Duke which allows him to refute the accusation. The Crown Prince orders an immediate marriage and Collin celebrates the success of his speculation on Abacco's debt.

Cast
In alphabetical order
 Alfred Abel as Philipp Collins
 Mady Christians as Großfürstin Olga von Rußland
 Adolphe Engers as Don Esteban Paqueno
 Julius Falkenstein as Ernst Isaacs
 Ilka Grüning as Augustine, die Köchin
 Guido Herzfeld as Markowitz, ein Wucherer
 Georg August Koch as Der gefährliche Verschwörer
 Harry Liedtke as Don Roman XX, Großherzog von Abacco
 Walter Rilla as Luis Hernandez
 Hans Hermann Schaufuss as Der bucklige Verschwörer
 Robert Scholtz as Bruder der Großfürstin
 Max Schreck as Der unheimliche Verschwörer
 Hermann Vallentin as Herr Binzer
 Balthasar von Campenhausen as Adjutant

Production and release
The film is based on the eponymous novel by Swedish author Frank Heller adapted by Thea von Harbou. It was shot from May to August 1923 at UFA's Tempelhof Studios in Berlin, on the sets built by Rochus Gliese and Erich Czerwonski. The on-location scenes were shot on the Adriatic coast in Split, Kotor, Zadar and Rab. The film premièred in Berlin on 7 January 1924 at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo. It is the only comedy directed by F. W. Murnau.

References

External links

1924 films
1924 comedy films
Silent German comedy films
Films of the Weimar Republic
German silent feature films
Films directed by F. W. Murnau
Films with screenplays by Thea von Harbou
German black-and-white films
Films based on Swedish novels
Films set in Europe
Films set in the Mediterranean Sea
Films set on islands
Films produced by Erich Pommer
Films with screenplays by Fritz Wendhausen
UFA GmbH films
Films shot at Tempelhof Studios
1920s German-language films
1920s German films


Captain Courageous is a fictional superhero character who first appeared in Banner Comics #3 (cover-dated September 1941) from Ace Comics.

Publishing history
Captain Courageous appeared in Banner Comics from issue #3 to #6 (September 1941 - March 1942); issue #6 was renamed Captain Courageous Comics. He then moved to the Ace title Four Favorites in issue #5 (May 1942) to #21 (January 1946).

In 2008, Captain Courageous appeared in flashback in Project Superpowers #0. The one-shot Project Superpowers: Chapter Two Prelude shows the Captain as part of a group called The Super-Mysterymen.

Fictional biography

Ace
Captain Courageous is an omnipresent supernatural being who comes to the aid of brave people who ask for courage; during the Second World War he aids the Allied forces. He appears as a man dressed in a red-and-blue costume with stars on it and a star-shaped mask. His powers include super-strength, flight, limited invulnerability, and the ability to exist underwater unaided. According to Jess Nevins' Encyclopedia of Golden Age Superheroes, "he assaults Nazis who have catapult planes concealed in a skyscraper and planes disguised as American planes, as well as man-eating locusts and Yellow Peril superhumans like the costumed Captain Nippo, a recurring character". Nippo, who had a hook hand and commanded an army of white apes, first appeared in Four Favorites issue #9 (Feb 1943) and was finally tried and executed by a military court in issue #24 (July 1946).

From Super-Mystery Comics #23 onward, the Captain trades his costume for civilian clothes and stops displaying any powers.

Project Superpowers
At some point after the war, the misguided Fighting Yank trapped the Captain and other heroes in the mystical Urn of Pandora; decades later, the Urn was broken and its inhabitants freed. Captain Courageous and seven other heroes — including Lash Lightning and Lightning Girl, Mr. Raven, Soldier Unknown, and the Sword — are then brought together to form a team called the Super-Mysterymen.

References

External links

Comics characters introduced in 1941
Dynamite Entertainment characters
Golden Age superheroes


Norman Blake and Red Rector is an album of American guitarist Norman Blake and mandolin player Red Rector, released in 1976.

Track listing
 "Girl I Left Behind"
 "Denver Belle"
 "Lorena"
 "The Old Spinning Wheel"
 "Mississippi Sawyer"
 "Red Wing"
 "Cricket on the Hearth"
 "Limehouse Blues"
 "The Green Leaves of Spring"
 "Freight Train"
 " Darling Nellie Across the Sea"
 "Darlin' Honey"

1976 albums
Norman Blake (American musician) albums


Rhopalonematidae is a family of hydrozoans. The family comprises 15 genera and 36 species.

Genera

Aglantha (4 species)
Aglaura (monotypic – Aglaura hemistoma)
Amphogona (3 species)
Arctapodema (4 species)
Benthocodon (2 species)
Colobonema (3 species)
Crossota (5 species)
Pantachogon (3 species)
Persa (monotypic – Persa incolorata)
Ransonia (monotypic – Ransonia krampi)
Rhopalonema (2 species)
Sminthea (2 species)
Tetrorchis (monotypic – Tetrorchis erythrogaster)
Vampyrocrossota (monotypic – Vampyrocrossota childressi)
Voragonema (4 species)

References

 Schuchert, Peter (2005): The Hydrozoa Directory – Order Trachymedusae Haeckel, 1879. Retrieved 4 November 2008.
Schuchert, P. (2011). Rhopalonematidae. In: Schuchert, P. World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-07-05

Trachymedusae
Cnidarian families


Trióvalo Internacional de Cajititlán (formerly Trióvalo Bernardo Obregón) is a three-quarter-mile tri-oval racetrack located in Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, Mexico, near the Laguna de Cajititlán and Guadalajara International Airport, in the Guadalajara metropolitan area.

The track was renamed after the driver Bernardo Obregón Tamaríz who died in the Carrera Panamericana in 1999 during the Mil Cumbres Stage.

The tri-oval was the venue for NASCAR Corona Series races from 2004 to 2010. For the 2011 season, the track was excluded for NASCAR schedule because of the damage in the track.

By 2013, the track became in complete dismay, The track surface is unusable as a motorsports venue without being resurfaced and the stands are unsafe for spectators after sitting unused and not maintained since late 2010.

Trióvalo Bernardo Obregón officially announced its return in March 2017, confirming that NASCAR Mexico took place in the venue June 2–4, 2017.

The trioval also hosted the important Copa Occidente in April, 2017.

In 2017, the track was renovated with advice from Mexican racing drivers including Michel Jourdain Sr. and renamed Trióvalo Internacional de Cajititlán.

References

External links
Trióvalo Bernardo Obregón race results at Racing-Reference

NASCAR tracks
Motorsport venues in Jalisco


Henri Pensis (November 3, 1900 – June 1, 1958), was a Luxembourgish conductor, composer and violinist.

Pensis was born on in the Pfaffenthal quarter of Luxembourg City. In 1933, he founded and became the first conductor of the Luxembourg Philharmonic Orchestra. He moved to the United States in 1940, conducting the New Jersey Philharmonic Orchestra and the Sioux City Symphony Orchestra. He conducted at least three concerts in Carnegie Hall. During Pensis' tenure with the Luxembourg Orchestra the first violin chair was occupied by Ern(e)st Eichel, a Polish violinist who was born in Sambor (Galicia) and had studied in Vienna and Cologne. This violinist who also led occasionally the Luxembourg Orchestra tried after the war to make a career as a conductor. For that purpose Eichel chose the 'nom de plume' of Ernest Borsamsky. Under this pseudonym, created by inverting the syllables of his birth town and adding a Polish "sky" he made some highly collectable recordings for East German Radio in Berlin and Leipzig. He also conducted once the Berlin Philharmonic in 1949. In 1956 his name can be traced last when he conducted the Dresden Orchestra.

Works
Soir d'été (poème symphonique)
Fugue classique
Suite pour orchestre
Scène de danse pour orchestre
Nockes an Nackes (comédie musicale)
Hymne solennel
Fantaisie de Noël

Popular songs
Fir d'Fräiheet
Op der Juegd
D'Fréijoerslidd

Various works are extant only in manuscripts.

1900 births
1958 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century male musicians
Luxembourgian composers
Luxembourgian conductors (music)
Luxembourgian classical violinists
Male classical composers
Male conductors (music)
Male classical violinists


União Futebol Clube, commonly known as Os Pastilhas, is a Portuguese sports club based in Cova da Piedade, Almada. The club is best known for its football and futsal teams.

Its futsal team is best known as the first club of Luís Figo, widely regarded as one of the greatest Portuguese footballers of all time.

References

External links
 Profile at ZeroZero
 Profile at ForaDeJogo

1972 establishments in Portugal
Association football clubs established in 1972
Football clubs in Portugal


Sabina Classen ( Hirtz; born 27 December 1963) is a German thrash metal singer, best known as lead vocalist of Holy Moses and Temple of the Absurd.

Biography
In 1981, Classen joined Holy Moses, where her then-husband Andy Classen was playing guitar, and in 1988 presented the heavy metal television program Mosh. After the break-up of Holy Moses in 1994, she formed the band Temple of the Absurd. The band released two albums and was disbanded in 2000. The same year, Holy Moses was reformed and is still functional.

Discography

With Holy Moses
 Queen of Siam (1986)
 Finished with the Dogs (1987)
 The New Machine of Lichtenstein (1989)
 World Chaos (1990)
 Terminal Terror (1991)
 Reborn Dogs (1992)
 No Matter What's the Cause (1994)
 Master of Disaster (2001)
 Disorder of the Order (2002)
 Strength Power Will Passion (2005)
 Agony of Death (2008)
 Redefined Mayhem (2014)

With Temple of the Absurd
 Absurd (1995)
 Mother, Creator, God (1999)

References

External links

Official Holy Moses website
Holy Moses on stage 2008
show photos 2008
show photos 2006
show photos 1990

1963 births
German women singers
German heavy metal singers
Women heavy metal singers
Living people
Musicians from Aachen


Cheadle railway station served the town of Cheadle, Staffordshire, England. It was the terminus of a branch line from Cresswell and opened in 1901.

Facilities
The initial station buildings were of a temporary nature and a permanent structure was built in 1910. Later that year, the goods yard was expanded and the goods shed was extended. A new loading dock was also built and a crane was later provided. Cheadle station had a loop but no turntable and so most trains left Cheadle with the locomotive running "bunker first".

Later years
Passenger services were withdrawn in June 1963, though the closure of the service was not directly due to the Beeching Axe (withdrawal had already been proposed prior to the publication of his report in March of that year). Local sand traffic from nearby quarries continued and a new road-rail loading dock replaced the goods shed in the late 1960s. Approximately 1,200 tons per day was being moved by this time but in the 1970s the amount of traffic reduced and on 6 March 1978 public freight working was withdrawn. A small amount of traffic for railway civil engineering use continued until November 3, 1984.

An InterCity charter train ran from Euston to Cheadle in 1985, InterCity choosing the Cheadle branch to show the versatility of their charter service. Passengers were taken to Alton Towers by coach from Cheadle, which fueled debate about a regular service, however this came to nothing

Cheadle station building  was demolished in 1986, leaving just a bare platform at the end of the branch line that quickly became overgrown with weeds.

The site today

The only trace of the station that remains today is the station master's  house; the station platform was demolished in 1994, and the sand loading dock and a buffer stop that was left behind by the track lifters in 1992 were also crushed to make way for a new housing development.

References

Further reading

Buildings and structures demolished in 1994
Disused railway stations in Staffordshire
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1963
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1901
Former North Staffordshire Railway stations
Cheadle, Staffordshire


"I Met a Whore in the Park" (aka "Yo-Ho") is a traditional rugby song that is sung at drink ups after rugby games, or just at gatherings of different rugby teams or players. In traditional rugby songs, one line of the song is sung by an individual person, and then the rest of the people involved in the song repeat that line. The individual person usually changes throughout the group of people singing along with each verse. The song is also quite popular in American drum & bugle corps, where the whole group usually sings in unison, as opposed to the original call and responses format.

This rugby song stays in tune with the standard of one person singing and a chorus following in after. Sometimes one individual will sing the original lines in all the verses instead of changing after each verse. Someone starts singing the song by saying, "I met a whore in the park one day!", then the other individuals say, "Ya ho, ya ho."

Printed Examples
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006)

Recorded Examples

Sung by Doug Clark & the Hot Nuts Hell Night LP (c1967)
Untitled example This version is sung by female rugby players and uploaded on April 2, 2007.
"I met a whore in the Park one day" As sung by rugby players and uploaded on May 5, 2008.

Sporting songs
Drinking songs
Songs about prostitutes


Live at McCabe's is an album of American guitarist Norman Blake and Nancy Blake, released in 1975. It was recorded at McCabe's Guitar Shop in Santa Monica, California.

Live at McCabe's was reissued on CD in 1987 along with Directions by Takoma.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Jim Smith wrote "Long cherished by Norman Blake's fans as one of the greatest flatpicking albums of all time, Live at McCabe's isn't as essential as some of the guitarist's studio records of the time (see Whiskey Before Breakfast), but there's a warm, ramshackle beauty about this concert that is every bit as charming."

Track listing
"Introduction By Nancy Covey" – 0:38
"Nine Pound Hammer" (Merle Travis) – 4:07
"Sweet Heaven When I Die" (Grant) – 3:59
"Introducing Nancy Blake" – 1:10
"Border Widow" (Blake) – 2:10
""G" Medley: Green Leaf Fancy/Fields of November/Fort Smith" (Blake, Traditional) – 5:35
"Dry Grass on the High Fields" (Blake) – 2:35
"John Hardy" (Traditional) – 5:24
"Arkansas Traveler" (Traditional) – 2:26
"Medley: Bully of the Town/Bonaparte's Retreat/Richland Avenue Rag" (Traditional) – 3:22
"Harvey's Reel" (Blake) – 2:00

Personnel
Norman Blake – guitar, fiddle, vocals
Nancy Blake – cello
Production notes
Doug Decker – producer, engineer
Kirk Felton – remastering
Absalom Jackson – art direction, original cover artwork
Jon Monday – art direction, original cover artwork
Jamie Putnam – art direction
Deb Sibony – design

References

Norman Blake (American musician) albums
1975 live albums
Takoma Records live albums


DekaMarkt is a Dutch retail company which operates a chain of supermarkets in the country. DekaMarkt is a member of Superunie, a Dutch purchasing organization for supermarkets. DekaMarkt has stores in North Holland, South Holland, Gelderland, Overijssel and Flevoland.

History

Dutch businessman Dirk Kat opened his first grocery store in Velsen-Noord in 1941, but it had to close in 1944 as a result of the German occupation of the Netherlands. In 1949, under his leadership, the first complete self-service store of the Netherlands opened its doors under the name Kijkgrijp. In 1950, Kat established joint purchasing with other grocers so that together they could guarantee low prices to their customers. In 1952, Kat built a central warehouse, which was the forerunner of the distribution centres. In 1955, the first modern supermarket in the Netherlands was opened in IJmuiden. This supermarket also sold fresh products such as bread, meat and vegetables.

From 1969, the name DekaMarkt was introduced at the stores in Wormerveer and Zaandam, and it would eventually be introduced at all stores by 1986. Deka is derived from the initials of Dirk Kat. In 1974, the first liquor store DekaMarkt Slijterij was opened.

Merger with Dirk
Since 2001, the company had been maintaining a close cooperation with Dutch supermarket chain Dirk.

In 2008, the supermarket entered a merger with Dirk to form Detailresult Groep. Both supermarket formulas continued to exist side by side. At the beginning of 2013, the DekaMarkt stores were converted to a new formula, which would give them the look and feel of a real market.

Other activities
In addition to the supermarket activities, the company has a wine shop and a garden centre. The Deka Wine Market (Deka Wijnmarkt) opened on 17 October 2007, in Beverwijk. This is now closed and the wine range is in the shop itself. The garden centre, DekaTuin, opened its doors in March 2008 in Heiloo, and later a second location was added in Haarlem. DekaMarkt also has a petrol station on the same site. Furthermore, DekaMarkt has its own production company with bakeries, cattle and agriculture and a butcher's shop and has several distribution centres and fresh produce centres. Since 2011, the company has its own delivery service.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official website Detailresult Groep N.V.

Convenience stores
Supermarkets of the Netherlands
Supermarkets
Retail companies of the Netherlands
Companies of the Netherlands


Harri Roschier (born 1957) Helsinki is a Finnish entrepreneur. Roschier was the CEO of Talentum Oyj, a leading business-to-business media company in the Nordic countries between 1992 and 2006. During the Roschier years, the company became one of the fastest-growing media companies in terms of revenue and market capitalization in the Nordic countries, growing from a less than €10 million to a €100 million company. After leaving Talentum Roschier joined in 2007 Avaus Consulting - a management consultancy, marketing services and technology company.  He has also worked as a board member of Futurice.

Until 1980, Roschier competed in alpine skiing, winning several medals in Finnish championships. He won the giant slalom in 1979 and 1980. In 1982 he went on to become the managing director of the Finnish alpine ski magazine Skimbaaja of which he even acted as the editor-in-chief in 1989. After selling the publishing company to Sanoma Oyj, he worked for some time for the special interest title publishing unit within Sanoma, before becoming the CEO of a public company at 35. Roschier is still an active skier and passionate, competitive sailor in the H-boat class and with his 45-footer Luna. In 2012 a syndicate headed by Roschier launched Luna a 8mR replica based on drawings by Charles E. Nicholson  from 1936. Luna came second in the 8-metre worlds in 2012 in Cowes.

References

Living people
1957 births
Businesspeople in mass media
Businesspeople from Helsinki


Chakacha is a traditional music and dance style (a ngoma) of the Swahili people of coastal Kenya and Tanzania, originally associated with weddings and performed and watched by women. In the late 20th century, musical groups such as Mombasa Roots, Safari Sound Band and Them Mushrooms have adapted this style to afropop music. The women dress in very light, transparent clothing and have a belt around their waists for ease of movement. Tanzanian ladies, especially around the coastal areas, are very good at this dance. It is also somewhat associated with Taarab, another type of music style adapted in the coast and mainly performed by women. A very popular coastal tradition, with Arabic poetry, taarab has been used as a sarcastic way of delivering a message across.

The hip-swaying dance movements of Chakacha also bear some resemblance with both Congolese soukous dances and Middle Eastern belly dances.

References

African dances
Kenyan culture


Chris & Moira were a Maltese duo, formed by Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna. They were best known for representing Malta in the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest.

Life and career
Stafrace was born in Malta in 1970. At the age of 12 she started her singing career. She bought a guitar and she started to sing with many bands. She took part in numerous festivals where she won many awards. In 1992 she was given the award for Best Personality in the music industry of her country. In 1993 she met and fell in love with a guitarist, Chris Scicluna.

Scicluna was born in Malta in 1959 and started music studies at the age of 8 and spent most of the 1980s freelancing in the United Kingdom. He recorded his first album in 1979, 'Starlights' as a singer composer with a band. In 1990 'Ever Changing Moods' was released by a band called Getting Closer. One of the songs from Getting Closer's second album 'This Time'  was chosen to represent Malta in the 1993 Eurovision with William Mangion. In this event Chris met Moira and in 1994 composed the music for the song More than Love, which represented their country at the contest in Dublin. They ranked 5th with 97 points – one of the best results for Malta.

In 1999, the duo returned to Eurovision, this time writing a song entitled Believe 'n Peace for the girlband Times Three. The leading singer of the group was Moira's sister. Both Chris and Moira were on stage as backing vocalists.

Scicluna died in February 2022, at the age of 62.

References

External links
Eurovision Song Contest Today Unofficial Site
The official site of the Eurovision Song Contest

See also
Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest

1994 establishments in Malta
2022 disestablishments in Malta
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Malta
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1994
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups disestablished in 2022


George Howard Clutsam (26 September 186617 November 1951) was an Australian pianist, composer and writer, best remembered as the arranger of Lilac Time.  Clutsam published over 150 songs.

Life
Clutsam was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.  His career began as a pianist, at which he had little formal training. After establishing himself in Australia and New Zealand, he moved to London in 1889, where he continued as an accompanist to various artists including fellow Australian Nellie Melba in 1893. From 1895 he increasingly moved to arrangement and composition of orchestral works and light opera.

From 1888, Clutsam frequently shared the stage as pianist with Australian singer Minna Fischer, who was married to Herbert Flemming but separated with two sons. They were also paired or made a threesome with Amy Sherwin at social occasions such as the Crossley–Muecke wedding. Clutsam and Fischer married quietly on 12 December 1908, two months after the death of Flemming.

Between 1908 and 1918 he wrote music criticism for The Observer and "The Musical Times", while continuing to compose and arrange. In 1912, he wrote a biography of Franz Schubert. Aside from his many stage works, he wrote numerous songs, including the popular "Ma Curly-Headed Babby". Later he became Vice-Chairman of the Performing Right Society. He also wrote music for the silent cinema and subsequently also composed for the "talkies".

Clutsam published under a number of pseudonyms, namely Paul Aubry, Robert Harrington, H.S. Iseledon, Georges Latour and Ch.G. Mustal. His brother, Fred Clutsam (1869–1934), was a pianist described as George Marshall-Hall's prize pupil, an inventor and the conductor of Melbourne's Orpheus Society.

He died in London in 1951 at the age of 85.

Selected musicals and other works
Carnival Scenes (1895; orchestral work)
The Queen's Jester (1904 opera)
The Fool's Cap (1906 opera)
A Summer Night (1910; opera)
King Harlequin (1912; opera/masque)
Carmen Ballet (1912; Alhambra Theatre, based on Bizet music)
Young England (1916 musical)
A Southern Maid (1920; contributed additional music)
101 original studies for the pianoforte (1920)
The Green Lanes of England (1920; orchestral suite)
Gabrielle (1921 musical, co-written with Archibald Joyce)
The Little Duchess (1922 play with music)
Lilac Time (1922 arrangement of Franz Schubert's music)
The Damask Rose (1929; play with arrangements of Chopin music)
Lavender (1930 musical)
Barbara; or, The Broken Sixpence (1932 comic opera)
Mimi (1935; film score with arrangements from Puccini's La bohème)
Heart's Desire (1935; film score)
Three Plantation Sketches (orchestral work)
Plantation Songs

References

Sources
"George Clutsam", Australian Variety Theatre Archive, accessed 19 January 2014
Scowcroft, Philip L. "G. H. Clutsam", Classical Music on the Web, MusicWeb International (2001), accessed 19 January 2014
Skinner, Graeme. "George Clutsam, 'Our only Australian Composer'", Graeme Skinner: Musicologist – Writer – Researcher, 3 February 2012, accessed 19 January 2014
"Clutsam the Composer", The Register, Adelaide, NLA.gov, 9 May 1914, p. 15, accessed 19 January 2014
"George H. Clutsam", AustLit: The Australian Literature Resource (subscription service), accessed 19 January 2014
"Chopin Music on the Stage: Mr. Clutsam's new opera", The Advertiser, Adelaide, 24 June 1929, p. 13, accessed 19 January 2014

External links

1866 births
1951 deaths
Australian male composers
Australian composers
Australian pianists
Musicians from Sydney
Male pianists


Madison Gas and Electric Company (MGE) is the primary subsidiary of MGE Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq: MGEE). As a regulated utility, it primarily serves the Madison, Wisconsin metropolitan area with electricity, gas and green energy options.

History
The company's roots in the Madison area date back more than 150 years to its predecessor company, the Madison Gas Light and Coke Co., which was founded in 1855. The Madison Electric Light and Power Co. began delivering electric service in 1888. At the time, Madison had a population of 13,000.

In 1892, the Four Lakes Light and Power Co. bought Madison Electric Light and Power Co. and operated as Madison's electricity provider for the next four years.

In 1896, the Four Lakes Light and Power Company and the Madison City Gas Light and Coke Co. combined and incorporated to become Madison Gas and Electric Co.

The Madison Gas and Electric Company Powerhouse was built in 1902. In 1915, it was remodeled at a cost of $150,000. The building was designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission in 2002. The main offices of MGE are located in a complex surrounding the former Chicago and North Western Railway station in Madison.

In 2001, the company formed a holding company named MGE Energy, Inc. and Madison Gas and Electric Co. became its main subsidiary.

In 2021, Morgan Stanley described MGE as one of the four American electric utilities with both "the best exposure to renewables growth" and with a large proportion of transmission in their asset base, putting them in a position to benefit from US Department of Energy proposals to ease development and increase incentives for transmission projects.

In 2021, MGE proposed lowering the minimum monthly bill for residential customers from $19 per month to $15 per month, and raising rates to cover the new lower minimum charge, stating that it would reward customers who used less electricity. The average residential customer will pay about $4.10 more per month for electricity in 2022, which is slightly less than the impact of the original 5.9% rate hike MGE requested.

Electricity

The company owns, operates and manages electric generating facilities and electric distribution facilities. The utility serves 149,000 electric customers, including the city of Madison and some suburban communities in Dane County.

Owned generating facilities:
 Blount Generating Station on the Madison Isthmus, 100 MW (natural gas)
 West Campus Cogeneration Facility, 150 MW (natural gas)
 Elm Road Generating Station at Oak Creek, 100 MW from a shared 1,230 MW total capacity plant (coal), built in 2010
 Columbia Energy Center at Portage, Wisconsin, 1,100 MW (coal), planned for early retirement in 2025
 Natural gas combustion turbines. One at Marinette, Wisconsin, 83 MW, and five in Madison. These units are used to rapidly provide extra generation in times of heavy electric use. These are examples of a Simple cycle gas-turbine
 Biogas electricity in Dane County, 0.011 MWh (manure digester)
 Solar units at MGE's headquarters, on the roof of the City of Middleton Municipal Operations Center, at the Middleton Municipal Airport, at the Dane County Regional Airport and many smaller installations.
 The O'Brien Solar Fields, on Seminole Road in Fitchburg, 20 MW.
 (Proposed) Koshkonong Solar Center in Cambridge, Wisconsin, 300 MW
 Wind Farms, 153 MW, in Wisconsin (Kewaunee, Dodge, and Fond du Lac Counties) and Iowa (Worth County, and the cities of Kensett and Saratoga)

The company also has long-term electric purchase power agreements.

Natural gas

The company purchases natural gas and owns distribution facilities to serve its customers. The utility serves 154,000 natural gas customers throughout the city of Madison, some suburban communities in Dane County and six other Wisconsin counties.

Green energy options

MGE has a green energy program called Green Power Tomorrow. Customers have the option of purchasing renewable energy for their home and/or business.

External links
MGE website

References

Companies based in Madison, Wisconsin
Electric power companies of the United States
MGE Energy