Guillermo López Langarica (1968 – 25 September 2008) was a Mexican YouTube celebrity, who accidentally rose to fame in 2007. Prior to his death he was mostly known as 'El Canaca', (the Canaca guy). More recently he is remembered as 'Don Memo'.

Early life

He was born in 1968 in El Salto, Jalisco.

Rise to fame
López Langarica came to the public spotlight when he was detained in Guadalajara, Jalisco, for speed-driving under the influence of alcohol in 2002. He was interviewed and featured in a TV show titled 'El Show de la Barandilla', which mostly aired comical police interventions against drunkards, through Canal 4 de Guadalajara, a company belonging to the Televisa consortium. A few years later, his video was uploaded to YouTube and quickly gained nationwide fame.

In the video, López Langarica explains to the reporter how he was wrongly detained, as he was drunk-driving but had not 'crashed yet'. He also claimed the police officers robbed him of $50,000 Mexican pesos, explaining he had a pack of a hundred $500 pesos bills. (Y mis cincuenta mil pesos ¿qué?) When asked about his income's origins he claimed to work at Promotora Mexicana Gaitán, a commerce located at 6-6-30-6-71-3-3-3-3 (with the then recent change from 7- to 8-digit phone numbers gone into effect two years earlier, in his alcohol-induced state he forgot to mention a 3 before the phone number). He identified himself as the owner's son, a man named Miguel Ángel Gaytán Uribe, who also allegedly served as President of an organization called 'CANACA', acronym which, he said, stands for 'Centrales de Abastos de la República Mexicana'. Finally, he asks the cameraman to tape his right ankle, angrily accusing the officers of restraining him like a pig. (¡Me amarraron como puerco!)

The YouTube video was an instant phenomenon, receiving over ten million views to date. López Langarica rose to national fame because of his comical explanation of events, places, and his catchphrases '¿Y qué? No he chocado' (So what? I haven't crashed yet), 'Apúntele bien' ("Write this down"), 'Soy hijo del papá' (I'm son of the father) referring to his relation with "the owner", '¡Me amarraron como puerco!' (They tied me like a pig!!), and his definition of the acronym CANACA.

Truthfulness of statements
In Mexico there is no organization by the name 'CANACA'. Some of the closest examples would be the Cámara Nacional de Comercio (CANACO), the Confederación Nacional de Agrupaciones de Comerciantes de Centros de Abastos (CONACCA), and the Cámara Nacional de Autotransportes de Carga (CANACAR).

Promotora Mexicana Gaitán (PROMEGA) does exist, it is an enterprise which imports/exports fruits and vegetables, specially strawberries, with offices both in Guadalajara and Mexico City. The former is located at 6th Street's 630. The phone number is +52(33)3671-3333. Whether López Langarica worked there or not is unknown. No one by the name Miguel Ángel Gaytán works at PROMEGA, but there is a Miguel Ángel Gaytán Uribe who served as the vigilancy committee's president at the Unión de Comerciantes del Mercado de Abastos de Guadalajara (UCMA).

Death
On the night of September 25, 2008, López Langarica was run over in Guadalajara by a Dodge Neon, driven by a heavily intoxicated woman named Silvia Teresa Borbón Valenzuela. He was totally sober. When the police arrived, the woman claimed someone had put the body under her car. The fact immediately made it to national news and was featured in Mexico's most prominent news reports and newspapers.

Legacy
Numerous parodies and tributes spawned after the original video's popularity, such as imitations, animated versions, musical remixes, and even religious prayers. Other Mexican drunken celebrities have gained fame, such as Dios Eolo (God Aeolus), Dulce Sarahí Villarreal, the 'Ni Merga' guy, the Sicarios de Montemorelos (Montemorelos killers), the 'Tengo Miedo' (I'm Afraid) guy, and the 'Me Estoy yendo por la Banqueta', (I'm on the Sidewalk) amongst others . After López Langarica's death numerous tribute and farewell videos appeared in YouTube. T-shirts imprinted with his famous phrases or the Mexican soccer team Atlas's logo are for sale in some street markets. Many YouTube users posted several in memoriam comments in his famous video, while some users encourage fans to call and denounce Silvia Teresa Borbón, even providing alleged personal data, such as her home address, and her cell phone number.

More recently, some people in Guadalajara claim to have witnessed apparitions by López Langarica's ghost, leading users on the net to jokingly refer to him as 'San Canaca'.

See also
 El Fua, another Mexican Internet meme

References

External links
.
.

Internet memes
1968 births
2008 deaths
Mexican victims of crime
People from Guadalajara, Jalisco
Prisoners and detainees of Mexico
Road incident deaths in Mexico
Pedestrian road incident deaths


Nandu () is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by Mahendran. The film stars Ashwini and newcomer Suresh. It is based on the 1975 novel of the same name by Sivasankari. The film was released on 17 April 1981 and failed commercially.

Plot

Ramkumar Sharma is a sickly engineer living in Lucknow in a large family. He suffers from asthma and does not like the behaviour of his autocratic father, but is deeply attached to his loving mother. Unable to get along with his father who compels him to marry a girl of his choice, Sharma leaves for Madras. He finds a job there and meets Seetha. Once settled, he goes around looking for a house with the help of house broker. Incidentally, he finds Seetha residing as a tenant in a portion under the very same house. He likes the portion and agrees to start living there. The lives of the girls who live in portions of the large house are brightened by the appearance of the engineer from Lucknow. Of them, two of them try to impress Sharma. One of them is the house owner's daughter, while the other is Seetha. Eventually, he ends up marrying Seetha.

Cast
 Ashwini as Seetha
 Suresh as Ramkumar Sharma
 Samikannu as Arunachalam
 Vennira Aadai Moorthy as Singa Muth
 Beena Halsi as Ramkumar Sharma's mother
 Vanitha Krishnachandran as Uma
 Kutty Padmini as Lakshmi
 S. N. Parvathy as Uma's mother
 Kumarimuthu as the house broker

Production
Nandu is based on the 1975 novel of the same name by Sivasankari. Suhasini, who previously appeared in Mahendran's Nenjathai Killathe (1980), worked as an assistant cinematographer under Ashok Kumar. The film took liberties with the novel; while the protagonist in the novel is a cancer patient, the disease was changed to asthma for the film. Debutant Suresh was chosen as the lead actor portraying a Hindi-speaking man from Lucknow when Mahendran saw him at his friend's home while Ashwini who earlier acted in Mahendran's Uthiripookkal (1979) was the lead actress. Sarath Babu dubbed Suresh's voice. Mahendran spotted an actress named Beena Halsi at Lucknow and chose her to portray Suresh's mother. Since the male protagonist and his family are shown to be hailing from Lucknow as depicted in the novel, Mahendran wanted to shoot in Lucknow but felt the budget would escalate; however producer Dakshinamoorthy agreed to this, thus Mahendran shot two songs with Hindi lyrics there. While filming the song "Kaise Kahoon", Suresh struggled to emote which led Mahendran to film the whole song focusing only on Ashwini.

Themes
Writing for Frontline, Venkatesh Chakravarthy believes the title Nandu is a metaphor used as a "double-edged weapon in the film".

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The songs "Kaise Kahoon" and "Hum Hai Akele" are entirely in Hindi. The song "Manjal Veyil" is set in the Carnatic raga Kalyani.

Release and reception
Nandu was released on 17 April 1981. The posters were designed with a crab's shadow looming over the protagonist to indicate his eventual death. When the film was released in theatres, audience mocked the film, saying Mahendran made a complete Hindi film which led the producer to dub the Hindi dialogues into Tamil and re-released it much to the dissatisfaction of Mahendran. Despite this, the film failed at box-office. Kumudam noted the film's abundance of Hindi dialogues, and caustically commented that any more dialogues in Hindi would result in K. Balaji (a film producer known mainly for remaking Hindi films in Tamil) remaking the film in Tamil. Jeeva of Kalki appreciated the comedy by Mahendran's usual team of Kumarimuthu, Vennira Aadai Moorthy and Samikannu, the cinematography by Ashok Kumar, Ilaiyaraaja's music, and concluded that the film was a must watch for Mahendran's filmmaking prowess. Maalai Malar attributed the film's failure to the audience's inability to understand the many Hindi dialogues.

References

Bibliography

External links

1980s Tamil-language films
1981 films
Films based on Tamil novels
Films directed by Mahendran (filmmaker)
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
Films set in Uttar Pradesh
Films with screenplays by Mahendran (filmmaker)


La Belle que voilà (English title: Here Is the Beauty) is a 1950 French drama film directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois who co-wrote screenplay with  Françoise Giroud, based on the novel Die Karriere der Doris Hart by Vicki Baum. The film stars by Michèle Morgan and Henri Vidal.

It depicts the annoyed love between a sculptor and a dancer.

Cast
Michèle Morgan : Jeanne Morel
Henri Vidal : Pierre Leroux
ppHenri Arius[[ : Tordo, le patron de l'hôtel
Jean Debucourt : M. de la Brunerie
Édouard Delmont : Un gardien de prison
Jean d'Yd : Ceccati
Marcelle Géniat : Varbara Ostovska
Bernard Lancret : Edmond Reybaud de la Brunerie
Léo Lapara : Le chirurgien
Gérard Oury : Bruno
Jean Pâqui : Renaud, l'ingénieur
Ludmilla Tchérina : Mireille Oslava
Jean Témerson : Théophile
Harriet Toby : Tania

External links
Here Is the Beauty at the British Film Institute
La Belle que voilà at AlloCiné
La Belle que voilà at DvdToile

1950 films
Films directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois
Films based on Austrian novels
Films about fictional painters
Films about ballet
French drama films
1950 drama films
French black-and-white films
Films scored by Joseph Kosma
Films about sculptors
1950s French films


John Benson was an English clockmaker who lived and worked in Whitehaven, mainly on brass dial eight-day clocks with rolling moons for the upper market. Many have centre calendar work, simple tidal indicators, music, quarter-chiming and/or astronomical functions. He noted about twenty, including one with quarter chimes and music, most in red walnut or mahogany cases. He married in 1750 and died in 1798.

Possibly his most famous work is in the main hall of 10 Downing Street, the residence of the British Prime Minister. It’s reported that the chimes annoyed Winston Churchill enough that he had the musical part turned off.

References

English clockmakers
1790 deaths
Year of birth unknown


RID is an Australian brand of personal insect repellent sold and distributed in Australia, New Zealand, and online.

It was the first insect repellent invented in Australia, in 1956. It is applied topically to exposed skin or clothing to repel mosquitoes, sandflies, midges, flies, fleas, ticks, head lice, mites, and other insect pests. RID is available in a variety of formulations such as aerosols, creams, and pump sprays.

RID contains these active ingredients: DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), di-n-propyl isocinchomeronate (a fly repellent), N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide (an insecticide synergist), and triclosan (an antimicrobial agent which kills a broad range of bacteria). Although RID once contained DDT as an active ingredient, it has since been removed when the effects of this highly toxic substance became more known worldwide.

According to the American Mosquito Control Association's Web site, DEET remains the standard by which all other repellents are judged. DEET was developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and was registered for use by the general public in 1957.  It is effective against mosquitoes, biting flies, chiggers, fleas and ticks. These insect repellents slowly evaporate into the air, producing an invisible chemical barrier around the areas on the body and clothes where it is applied, repelling incoming insects.

RID was invented in 1956, after 3,000 hours of field research by inventor Doug H. Thorley. A bottle of RID is exhibited at the Queensland Museum in Australia.

RID insect repellents are used to repel insects which may carry a number of diseases, including Ross River virus, dengue fever, West Nile virus, malaria, yellow fever, Japanese B encephalitis, filariasis, Lyme disease, leishmaniasis, typhus fever, plague, and Eastern equine encephalitis.

As an insect repellent, RID is not able to protect people from these diseases beyond repelling some of the insects that may transmit them.

References

External links
RID Insect Repellents

Insect repellents
Products introduced in 1956


Antony William Paul Sage, known as Tony Sage (born 26 June 1960), is a Western Australian businessman who was also the owner of A-League football club Perth Glory.

Biography
Born in Gloucester, England, on 26 June 1960, Sage moved with his parents to Australia in 1969, residing first in Adelaide, then Melbourne and Sydney before again moving to New Zealand with his mother and father in 1975. In 1978, he went to Western Australia and enrolled at Churchlands College (now part of the Edith Cowan University) in Perth. He graduated with a Bachelor of Business (Accounting and Finance) in 1980. He later became a Fellow of the Society of Certified Practising Accountants, a Chartered Accountant, and a Fellow of the Taxation Institute of Australia. He has three children.

Corporate interests

Mining and resources
In 1997 Sage formed the consulting firm Okewood Pty Ltd to finance and manage mining and exploration companies in Australia and overseas. Sage came to corporate prominence in 2008, when he sold a magnetite project called Mt Anketell to the Metallurgical Corporation of China for $400 million after buying it 18 months earlier for just $20m. In 2009 he asset flipped CopperCo from receivership and after converting its debt to equity, sold the CopperCo assets for approximately $300m. The sale of African Iron Ltd to Exarro for approximately $375m took place in 2012.

In October 2014 Sage became Executive Chairman of Cape Lambert Resources Ltd, and Non Executive Chairman of Cauldron Energy Ltd and Fe Ltd. He is a non-executive director of Kupang Resources Ltd, Caeneus Minerals Ltd, and International Petroleum Limited and Managing Director of his consultancy business Okewood Pty Ltd.

From 2012 to February 2014, Cape Lambert was the subject of continuing investigations by the Australian Taxation Office. The result was a $96m assessment issued to his flagship company, Cape Lambert Resources Ltd, plunging the share value by 75%. After two years of intense scrutiny, the ATO settled for $2.4m.

Perth Glory
In 2007 Sage purchased a part ownership stake in A-League football club Perth Glory, and fully took over the club in 2009 after buying out co-owner Brett McKeon. In 2020 he began the process of selling part of the club to the London Football Exchange, a football-based Cryptocurrency exchange, for a price of $30 million. The deal fell apart after the founder of LFE was revealed to be using a fake identity, and was actually convicted fraudster James Abbass Biniaz.

Sage stepped down as owner of the club in 2023. The club was issued a breach notice & Sage was stripped of the license due to financial turmoil that included requiring loans from the central administration of the league to pay staff & player wages.

Fashion and media
Sage was part owner of the Perth Fashion Festival until it went into administration and ceased operations in 2019. He was also the owner and publisher of the defunct Kurv fashion magazine.

References

Perth Glory FC
Australian soccer chairmen and investors
Businesspeople from Perth, Western Australia
Australian mining entrepreneurs
Australian magazine publishers (people)
Living people
1960 births
Australian company founders


Raymond Whitehead McDaniel, Jr. (born January 5, 1958) is an American financial executive. He is chairman of Moody's Corporation, the parent company of Moody's Investors Service and Moody's Analytics.

Education
McDaniel earned a B.A. in political science from Colgate University, and a J.D. from Emory University School of Law. In 1984 McDaniel was admitted to the New York State Bar.

Career

Moody's Corporation
McDaniel joined Moody's Investors Service in New York in 1987 as an analyst in Asset Securitization. In 2001 he became president of Moody's Investors Service, and was elected to the Moody's Corporation board of directors in 2003. McDaniel became chief operating officer of Moody's Corporation in January 2004. From October 2004 until April 2005 McDaniel served as president of Moody's Corporation. In April 2005, McDaniel was named chairman and CEO of Moody's Corporation He served as the chairman of the board of directors from 2005 to 2012, when Henry McKinnell was named Chairman of the Board of Directors. In 2012, as part of the decision to split the role of chairman and CEO, he again became president of Moody's Corporation, where he currently oversees the company's two divisions; Moody's Investors Service and Moody's Analytics.

Other positions held by McDaniel during the course of his Moody's career include managing director and executive vice president within the Global Ratings and Research division of Moody's Investors Service. He also held the roles of managing director for Moody's Europe in London and managing director for international operations, which designs and manages regional expansion in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. According to Moody's Corporation, under McDaniel's leadership, the company has expanded its reach into new worldwide markets and broadened the range of new products, experiencing the best financial performance in the company's history

Between 2007 and 2009, Moody's and other credit rating agencies were the subject of criticism for their ratings of subprime mortgage backed securities. McDaniel testified regarding the ratings at U.S. congressional hearings on multiple occasions, where he stated he was "deeply disappointed with the performance of ratings associated with the housing sector."

In 2010, McDaniel was the subject of some media scrutiny due to sales of company stock prior to a drop in Moody's share value, and coincident with the company's receipt of a Wells notice from the SEC. Although some observers expressed skepticism about McDaniel's actions amid the timing of the stock sales, Moody's stated that McDaniel's sales had been part of a pre-arranged plan under SEC Rule 10b5-1.

Moody’s and other credit rating agencies were again the subject of scrutiny with respect to the European Sovereign crisis. In March 2012, McDaniel published an article on Moody’s website called "A Solution for the Credit Rating Agency Debate" in which he urged public institutions frustrated with private-sector credit ratings to start a public credit-ratings firm that could provide "competing views".

At the Milken Institute Global Conference in May 2011, McDaniel cautioned against using ratings in a "mechanistic" way, where changes in rating automatically produce market effects. He had previously advised that investors should use ratings as a tool rather than a specific market strategy, in testimony before the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in 2010.  He has endorsed rules and regulations that increase market transparency and quality of ratings, as long as they do not interfere with the independence of ratings content produced by private agencies.

Other positions held
McDaniel joined the board of directors of the Council for Economic Education (then the National Council on Economic Education) in 2003, and has helped expand its workshops in New York City public schools. In September 2005, he joined the board of directors of the global publishing company John Wiley & Sons. McDaniel has appeared as a speaker at the Milken Institute Global Conference in 2011 and 2012.

References

External links
Raymond W. McDaniel, Jr. biography at U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Living people
American chief executives of financial services companies
American chief operating officers
Colgate University alumni
Emory University School of Law alumni
1958 births


Banjevac () is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Krupanj municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia.

Population
The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 500 in 2002.

Historical population

1948: 669
1953: 648
1961: 606
1971: 605
1981: 519
1991: 525
2002: 500

References

See also
List of places in Serbia

Populated places in Mačva District


The Potrero Generating Station was a natural gas and diesel burning electricity generating station owned by Mirant and located on a  site in Potrero Point, San Francisco, California.  The plant's primary power source was a 206 MW, natural gas burning steam turbine providing baseload power and referred to as "Unit 3".  In addition, three 52 MW peaking power diesel generators provided additional power during times of highest consumption.  Since the closure of the Hunters Point Power Plant in 2006, Potrero was the last remaining fossil fuel power plant within the confines of San Francisco, with capacity to provide approximately 1/3 of the city's peak electrical power needs.

On Dec. 21, 2010, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom announced that the Potrero plant would cease operations by the end of the year. In a press conference announcing the closure, Newsom stated that "this is a monumental step towards cleaner air, environmental justice and our future of renewable energy and healthier communities." The plant was shut down in January 2011, and since 2012, the property is being considered for redevelopment. City officials approved plans in 2020.

History and capacity
The Potrero power station was located at a site in Potrero Point originally used by San Francisco Gas Light, a provider of gas for cooking and lighting in the late 19th century.  Circa 1890 they constructed a small electrical generator at the site, which was the first power plant for the company that would later become Pacific Gas and Electric. Unit 3 was constructed in 1965, making it one of the oldest power plants still operated in California until its closure.  The peaking units 4, 5, and 6 were constructed in 1976.

Unit 3, the primary power generator, consisted of an eight-story natural gas powered boiler that produced superheated high pressure steam.  San Francisco Bay water was purified and heated to produce high pressure steam.  This steam was run through a turbine that subsequently turned a 206 MW generator made by Westinghouse.  The steam that exited the turbine was then cooled to allow it to condense back into water.  The cooling water used in this process operated on a once-through exchange with San Francisco Bay.  At full power approximately 10 m3/s (226 million gallons per day) of water were pumped from the subsurface of the Bay, passed through screens and filters to remove debris and prevent biological uptake. The cooling water then passed through the condenser to cool steam used to power the steam turbine.  The water was returned to the Bay at about 10 C warmer, usually no warmer than 30 C (86 F).

In addition to the main unit, three 52 MW diesel powered peaking generators could be brought online in four minutes and to peak load in ten minutes notice to meet extra electricity demands as specified by the California Independent System Operator.  They were generally operated for only a few hours at a time, usually during peak power consumption in the afternoon.  In total, they were generally utilized less than 200 hours per year, though they could be online longer if Unit 3 was offline for an extended period (for example due to maintenance).  Fuel for these generators was stored on site and was delivered by tanker truck, though in the past it was delivered directly by ship.  There were three large fuel storage tanks at the Potrero facility.

Closure

For many years an effort had been made by Mirant to expand or upgrade the Potrero Point facility, while many in the local community felt the site should be closed due to health and pollution concerns.  In particular, there was concern that the flow of water through the plant was damaging the local environment in the Bay, though Mirant disputed this. On March 2, 2006, the California Public Utilities Commission announced its rejection of Mirant's expansion plans.  At that time, the plant was tentatively scheduled to be shut down sometime in 2007 so that a more modern replacement of similar size could be built at the site, but subsequently plans were scaled back and called only for the diesel peaking power generators to be upgraded. The proposed upgrade, estimated to cost between $80 million and $100 million, would have converted the peaking generators to run on natural gas. This would have decreased, but not eliminated, pollution and removed the need to store large quantities of diesel fuel on site.

In 2009 the City of San Francisco and Mirant agreed to close down the plant, pending approval from the California Independent System Operator. CAISO ruled a month later that the plant must stay on line at least through 2010, and only after upgrades to the electrical transmission grid going into San Francisco were completed and the city was able to import sufficient power from other parts of the state to meet all of its needs. Meanwhile, the plant continued to generate thermal pollution by the discharge of heated water to San Francisco Bay, and Mirant had given no indication that it would take any steps to further control those discharges.

On December 21, 2010, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom announced that the Potrero plant would cease operations by the end of the year. Potrero Generating Station was permanently shut down in January 2011. GenOn Energy, Mirant's parent corporation, will solicit bids to sell the property for redevelopment. Developers expect the area to be used for high-density housing or office space after the site undergoes an environmental cleanup.

Current state and development

Associate Capital, a firm that focuses on mixed use, in-fill projects that require a long-term vision and focus, bought the site in September 2017.

The proposed project will be a majority residential, mixed-use and mixed-income neighborhood delivering approximately 2,600 homes; 600,000 square feet of office; 600,000 square feet of Research & Development; 100,000 square feet of retail; and community amenities. Anchored by a 300-foot stack, the project will feature 6.66 acres of parks and open space, a boutique hotel adapted from a former steam power facility, and restaurants, cafes, shops and stores.

The development will be adjacent to Pier 70, a mixed commercial and residential use development by Orton Development, Inc. and Forest City Development.

Gallery

References

External links

 Mirant's description of the Potrero Plant
 The Power Station

Energy infrastructure completed in 1890
Energy infrastructure completed in 1965
Energy infrastructure completed in 1976
Natural gas-fired power stations in California
Oil-fired power stations in California
Buildings and structures in San Francisco
Energy in the San Francisco Bay Area


This is a list of episodes from the anime series Hamtaro, based on the children's book series by Ritsuko Kawai. The anime series is directed by Osamu Nabeshima and produced by Shogakukan. The series involves the adventure of a brave and childlike hamster named Hamtaro, with his Ham-Ham friends. It began airing in Japan on July 7, 2000. Hamtaro has been aired throughout the world on many stations.

As of April 5, 2006, a series known as Norisuta Hai began airing five-minute Hamtaro episodes known as "Tottoko Hamutaro: Norisuta Hai!" The Norisuta Hai series is animated differently from the original series; most notably the head-to-body ratio is off, and is designed to appeal to a younger audience. There does not seem to be any connection between Hamtaro and Tottoko Hamutaro: Norisuta Hai! beyond the planned appearance of all fifteen original Ham-Hams (excluding Lapis and Lazuli).

Hamtaro 1.1 – 1.12 were released in Australia, with three episodes on each DVD - at present, there are no plans for further releases for the other episodes. Hamtaro Volume 1 – Volume 3, with four episodes on each DVD were released in Germany by RTL2. In the U.S. episodes on each DVD from Viz, with previews of Hamtaro stuff, including a CBS promo for the show, a trailer of the Hamtaro: Ham-Hams Unite! video game, a commercial of the Hamtaro Playhouse set, and a promo for Franklin. In Singapore, Hamtaro DVD box sets are available with 4 discs of the first season (26 episodes) with six episodes on each disc. There are also boxed sets of 27 episodes with six to seven episodes on each of four discs. Hamtaro Seasons 2, 3, and 4 are released that way.

Episodes list

Season 1

Season 2

Season 3

Season 4

Season 5

Season 6

Season 7

Season 8

Season 9

Season 10

Season 11

Season 12

OVAs

Films

Box office

References

Hamtaro
Hamtaro


HMS Antelope was a 14-gun brig of the Royal Navy. She was originally a mercantile brig, purchased in April 1784 at Jamaica by Vice-Admiral Gambier and commissioned that year under Lieutenant Robert Causzor. She sank in a hurricane on 30 July 1784 whilst at Jamaica.

Admiral Gambier had acquired two brigs but the Admiralty countermanded their purchase and ordered Gambier to sell them. In July the two, Antelope and , came into the King's Yard, Jamaica, to be prepared for sale. The hurricane on 30 July sank Antelope on the western wharf. The same hurricane drove Duke of Rutland ashore, breaking her back.

Citations

References

Brigs of the Royal Navy
1780s ships
Maritime incidents in 1784


The MacDonald S-20 is a single-seat sport aircraft that was designed in the United States in the early 1970s and marketed for home building.

The aircraft is a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and an open cockpit. Construction is of metal throughout, with a forward fuselage of welded steel tube construction, with the rear fuselage built up of aluminium bulkheads and longerons. The wings and tail are also of aluminium construction, and the entire aircraft is skinned in the same material. Pop rivets are used extensively to simplify construction.

The S-20 designation was applied to the prototype (registration N106AB), while aircraft built from the plans were designated S-21.

In 2009 and 2010 changes were made to the original design to add a cockpit canopy, engine cowling and electrical system, including an avionics bus and starter motor. Aircraft with these changes are designated S-22.

Specifications (S-20)

Notes

References

1970s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1972


German Afghans () are German citizens with Afghan ancestry and non-citizen residents born in, or with ancestors from, Afghanistan. It is the largest Afghan community in Europe and part of the worldwide Afghan diaspora, of which it is one of the largest. In 2022, the Federal Statistical Office of Germany estimated the number of people of Afghan descent residing in Germany at 425,000  the third largest from outside the EU, and the largest group from Asia excluding the Middle East and Caucusus. In particular, there are over 50,000 Afghans in Hamburg alone, comprising over 7% of the city's population (as of 2021).  Offenbach am Main and Hamburg had the highest shares of Afghan migrants among all German districts in 2011. There were 51,000 people of Afghan decent living in Hamburg in 2023.

The Afghan community in Germany is heterogeneous with various political views, as they are in Afghanistan (see Demography of Afghanistan). Though with the NATO involvement in Afghanistan, the community has come closer together due to shared hopes and worries; however, there are relatively few representative associations or organizations.

History
In the 1970s, about 2,000 Afghans resided in West Germany, most were businessmen and students. The trade city of Hamburg particularly attracted Afghan carpet traders who would sell Afghan carpets. With the onset of the Soviet-Afghan War in Afghanistan, many fled to West Germany and the population grew to about 11,000 by 1982. Another wave started in the 1990s and the Afghan population reached about 50,000 by 1994.

Germany forms one of the biggest Afghan diaspora communities in the world. It was estimated that the population numbered around 70,000 as of 2001.

Following the European migrant crisis, the community rapidly expanded, numbering 253,000 in 2016, up from 75,000 in 2014. Afghanistan was one of the main sources of migration to the region, while Germany was the most prominent destination.

In late December 2016, Germany decided to repatriate 11,900 Afghans back to their home country, what is known as Second collective deportation.

Thousands of Afghans came to Germany following the withdrawal of German training forces in Afghanistan in 2021. They are mostly people who worked with the German army or German aid agencies in Afghanistan.

Demography
Under the definitions of the German Federal Statistics Office, Afghan citizens who choose to obtain German citizenship will have their "statistical" migration background gone, meaning second or third generation immigrants are not put under the definition. Of the approximately 156,000 Germans of Afghan descent, around 25,000 had a German or some other non-Afghan passport.
As of 2023, there are 377,000 Afghan citizens residing in Germany.

Age and gender
Historically most Afghans came to Germany as families. From 2012 there was a rising number of Afghan asylum seekers and a shifting trend to individual arrivals of Afghan men, rather than whole families. The migrants in the 2010s period were predominantly male, significantly shifting the gender balance. As of 2015, 44,778 (34.1%) of 25 to 35 year old Afghans in Germany were women. The male-female ratio is somewhat balanced for adults over 35 and children under 15, but in those between 15 and 35 there is a huge male surplus.

Distribution

In 2008 Hamburg had the highest Afghan diasporic population of any city in the continent, with 7,000 German citizens of Afghan origin and 14,000 other residents of Afghan origin. Immigration began with the start of the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979 and additional immigration came after its end. Due to the differing origins and political affiliations of the émigrés,  et al. wrote in Der Spiegel that "Hamburg's Afghan community was relatively loose-knit and was rarely perceived as an ethnic group, partly because these immigrants had been so deeply divided at home that there was little left to unite them as a community abroad." Therefore, the residents focused internally on their own families and keeping them together.

The large Afghan community in Hamburg make the city feel like home to many German Afghans, despite the low-lying port city contrasting to the mountainous and landlocked Afghanistan.

The single state with the most Afghan citizens as of 2017 was Bavaria followed by Hesse and North Rhine Westphalia. The community predominantly resides in territory belonging to the former West Germany. While Hamburg continues to have the highest concentration of Afghans, the population is now more spread out in the country than before, and by 2015 all states in former East Germany had numbers in the thousands.

Employment
Of the 1,256 Afghan students enrolled at universities in the 2015/2016 period, the majority enrolled in engineering programmes and a large number also enrolled in law. This was followed by smaller numbers in sciences, humanities and health, and even smaller in agricultural, sport and art programmes.

Religion
Most Germans with Afghan heritage are Muslims. There is also a small population of Afghan Hindus, Sikhs, Christians, Jews and nonreligious in Germany. There are 24 Afghan cultural and religious associations in Germany, most being Islamic, four Hindu, and one Sikh.

Community and social issues

Many of the early Afghan migrants were well-educated and professionally trained in Afghanistan, however they found difficulties finding work in their professional fields. Over years the backgrounds of the migrants have become more diverse, and the more recent ones tend to be less educated or professionally trained by comparison.

Some Afghans in Germany feel their representation in society is limited, despite it being one of the country's largest immigrant groups.

Associations include the Afghan-German Association for Education, Health and Crafts founded in 2002, the Afghanistan Information Center founded in 1993, and the Afghan Women's Association founded in 1992. About 130 association with clear connections to Afghanistan have been identified in Germany as of 2017. These comprise groups mainly related to politics and integration, education and social affairs, culture, religion and health.

From 1998 to 2011 the privately owned Afghan Museum operated in Hamburg's Speicherstadt district.

In 2016 there were 157 underage individuals of Afghan origin in child marriages according to the interior ministry.

Notable people

 Abdul Ahad Momand, cosmonaut
 Burhan Qurbani, film director
Djelaludin Sharityar, footballer
Dorranai Hassan, footballer
 Graziella Schazad, singer-songwriter
Hamid Rahimi, boxer
Hassan Amin, footballer
Kabir Stori, Pashto poet and writer
 Mina Tander, actress
Nadiem Amiri, footballer
Nasrat Haqparast, mixed martial artist
Nina Tenge, rapper
Rebecca Mir, model
Sayed Sadaat, former politician in Afghanistan
Seeta Qasemi, singer-songwriter of Afghan music
Simin Tander, jazz musician
Zallascht Sadat, model
Zohre Esmaeli, model
 Izatullah Dawlatzai
 Khaibar Amani
 Abassin Alikhil
 Mustafa Hadid
 Josef Shirdel
 Massih Wassey
 Milad Salem
 Masih Saighani
 Benjamin Nadjem
 Yusuf Barak
 Ahmad Milad Karimi
 Morsal Obeidi
 Ata Yamrali
 Sandjar Ahmadi
 Zamir Daudi
 Mansur Faqiryar
Rangin Dadfar Spanta
Sulaiman Layeq

See also
Afghanistan–Germany relations
Afghans in the Netherlands
Afghans in Denmark
Afghans in the United Kingdom
Afghans in France
Afghans in Italy
Afghans in Switzerland
Afghans in Norway
Afghans in Sweden
Afghan Americans
Afghan Canadians
Afghan Australians
Afghan New Zealanders

References

Afghan diaspora in Europe
Asian diaspora in Germany
Islam in Germany
Muslim communities in Europe
Afghanistan–Germany relations
German people of Afghan descent


The ALFA Combat is a Czech-made semi-automatic pistol created for military, law enforcement, and sport shooting purposes. The ALFA Combat is one of two series of pistols manufactured by ALFA, with the other being the Defender series.

See also
 List of firearms
 List of pistols
 ALFA Defender
 Series ALFA
 Series ALFA steel

.45 ACP semi-automatic pistols
Semi-automatic pistols of Czechoslovakia


This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1952, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.

Incumbent political figures

Central level
Monarch of the United Kingdom
King George VI (until 6 February)
Queen Elizabeth II(starting 6 February)

 Governor of Malaya :
 Vacant (until 15 January)
 Sir Gerald Templer (from 15 January)
 Chief Minister of Malaya  :
 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra

State level
  Perlis :
 Raja of Perlis : Syed Harun Putra Jamalullail
 Menteri Besar of Perlis : Raja Ahmad Raja Endut
  Johore :
 Sultan of Johor : Sultan Ibrahim Al-Masyhur
 Menteri Besar of Johore :
 Vacant (until 18 February)
 Syed Abdul Kadir Mohamed (from 18 February)
  Kedah :
 Sultan of Kedah : Sultan Badlishah
 Menteri Besar of Kedah : Mohamad Sheriff Osman
  Kelantan :
 Sultan of Kelantan : Sultan Ibrahim
 Menteri Besar of Kelantan : Nik Ahmad Kamil Nik Mahmud
  Trengganu :
 Sultan of Trengganu : Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah
 Menteri Besar of Trengganu : Raja Kamaruddin Idris
  Selangor :
 Sultan of Selangor : Sultan Sir Hishamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj
 Menteri Besar of Selangor : Raja Uda Raja Muhammad
  Penang :
 Monarchs :
 King George VI (until 6 February)
 Queen Elizabeth II (from 6 February)
 Residents-Commissioner : Robert Porter Bingham
  Malacca :
 Monarchs :
 King George VI (until 6 February)
 Queen Elizabeth II (from 6 February)
 Residents-Commissioner :
  Negri Sembilan :
 Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan : Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad
 Menteri Besar Negri Sembilan :
 Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid  (until 1 October)
 Abdul Malek Yusuf (from 1 October)
  Pahang :
 Sultan of Pahang : Sultan Abu Bakar
 Menteri Besar of Pahang : Tengku Mohamad Sultan Ahmad
  Perak :
 British Adviser of Perak : Ian Blelloch
 Sultan of Perak : Sultan Yusuf Izzuddin Shah
 Menteri Besar of Perak : Abdul Wahab Toh Muda Abdul Aziz

Events
 17 March – The Pan-Malayan Religious-Studies Teachers Union was formed.
 24 March – Civil Defence Department was established for carrying out the provisions of the Ordinance.
 29 May – Houses of Parliament (Privileges and Powers) Act 1952 was enacted.
 30 May – The Rubber Trade Association of the Federation of Malaya was formed.
 31 May–1 June – 1952 Thomas Cup. Malaya won this edition, defeating United States.
 June – The Labour Party of Malaya was founded by Lee Moke Sang.
 3 July – Royal Military College (Malaysia) was established.
 November – The Dangerous Drugs Act 1952 was enacted.
 21 November – The Education Ordinance 1952 was enacted.
 22 November – An ordinance on Immigration Law was passed to consolidate the law relating to and further regulate immigration into the Federation of Malaya.
 6 December – Local municipal election were held in six municipal and town councils in the Federation of Malaya.
 Unknown date – The Alliance Party (Malaysia) was founded.
 Unknown date – The Malaysian Amateur Radio Transmitters' Society was founded.
 Unknown date – Construction began on Melaka International Airport, the main airport in Malacca.
 Unknown date – Simpang Airport was built and served as the main airport in Kuala Lumpur until it was replaced by Subang International Airport in 1965

Births
 28 February – Raja Nadzatul Shima – First son of Sultan Idris Shah and Raja Muzwim
 23 March – Anita Sarawak – Singer and host
 1 April – Poh Ah Tiam, politician, businessman and community leader (died 2007)
 30 May – Abdul Rahman Bakar – Politician
 21 July – Ahmad Husni Mohamad Hanadzlah – Politician
 11 August – Aida Khalida – Actor
 9 September – Hasbullah Awang – Sport commentator (died 2015)
 15 October – Ramli Sarip – Singer
 3 December – Wan Azizah Wan Ismail – Politician and wife of Anwar Ibrahim
 25 December – Isa Bakar, football player (died 2010)
 26 December – Reduan Abdullah – Footballer
 Unknown date – Ahmad Busu – Actor (died 2013)
 Unknown date – Hatta Azad Khan – Film director
 Unknown date – Sulaiman Yassin or Mat Over – Actor and comedian

Deaths

See also
 1952
 1951 in Malaya | 1953 in Malaya
 History of Malaysia

References

Years of the 20th century in Malaysia
Malaya
Malaya
Malaya


Bela Crkva (Бела Црква, ) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Krupanj municipality, in the Mačva District of Central Serbia. The village had a Serb ethnic majority and a population of 755 in 2002.

On 7 July 1941, two Serbian police officers were ambushed and killed by Yugoslav partisans in Bela Crkva; this was one of the pivotal moments in the outbreak of the 1941 Serbian uprising.

Historical population

1948: 1,053 (mainly native Serbs)
1953: 1,080
1961: 998
1971: 926
1981: 888
1991: 866
2002: 755

References

See also
List of places in Serbia

Populated places in Mačva District


A center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Nikolai Vavilov.

Plants
Locating the origin of crop plants is basic to plant breeding.  This allows one to locate wild relatives, related species, and new genes (especially dominant genes, which may provide resistance to diseases).
Knowledge of the origins of crop plants is important in order to avoid genetic erosion, the loss of germplasm due to the loss of ecotypes and landraces, loss of habitat (such as rainforests), and increased urbanization. Germplasm preservation is accomplished through gene banks (largely seed collections but now frozen stem sections) and preservation of natural habitats (especially in centers of origin).

Vavilov centers

A Vavilov Center (of Diversity) is a region of the world. First indicated by Nikolai Vavilov to be an original center for the domestication of plants. For crop plants, Nikolai Vavilov identified differing numbers of centers: three in 1924, five in 1926, six in 1929, seven in 1931, eight in 1935 and reduced to seven again in 1940.

Vavilov argued that plants were not domesticated somewhere in the world at random, but that there were regions where domestication started. The center of origin is also considered the center of diversity.

Vavilov's scheme as updated by Schery and Janick
Vavilov centers are regions where a high diversity of crop wild relatives can be found, representing the natural relatives of domesticated crop plants.

Cultivated plants of  eight world centers of origin

Purugganan and Fuller 2009 scheme

See also
Crop wild relative
Crop diversity
Landrace
Neglected and underutilized crop

References

Conservation biology
History of agriculture
Neolithic


Mario Edgardo Aguilar Posadas (born July 31, 1984 in Metapán) is a Salvadoran footballer who currently plays for Isidro Metapán in the Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador.

Club career
A holding midfielder or central defender, Aguilar has played his entire football career for his hometown club Isidro Metapán.

International career
Aguilar made his debut for El Salvador as a late substitute in an October 2008 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Haiti which proved to be his only international up until October 2010.

External links
Player profile - Isidro Metapán official website

1984 births
Living people
People from Santa Ana Department
Salvadoran men's footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers
A.D. Isidro Metapán footballers
Men's association football midfielders


Joachim Luther (born 31 March 1941 in Hannover, Germany) received his PhD in experimental physics at the Leibniz University Hannover in 1970.

Academic career
In 1974, Luther became professor of physics at the newly founded University of Oldenburg. In the beginning of the 1980s, his scientific interest shifted towards renewable energy sources, in particular solar power. In 1987, he became dean of the physics faculty at this university.

In 1993, he accepted a call to become professor of solid-state physics at the University of Freiburg in Southern Germany and head of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE in this city at the same time. He succeeded Adolf Goetzberger in these functions.
In the following years, Luther established this institute as the largest research center for solar energy in Europe. During his tenure,
various solar cells with world-record characteristics at the time were developed at ISE:
 Polycrystalline silicon solar cells with 20.3% conversion efficiency
 monocrystalline III-V heterojunction compound semiconductor solar cell with 35% conversion efficiency for concentrator applications
 monocrystalline silicon solar cell flexible wafer with only 37 micrometer thickness and 20.2% conversion efficiency.

Professor Luther retired from ISE in 2006. In 2008, he was asked by the Government of Singapore to set-up and head the newly
founded Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS). In 2012, he returned to Germany, where he is director emeritus of ISE.

Memberships
List provided by the German Environment Foundation.
 Board member of the International Solar Energy Society (ISES) from 1992 to 2001
 President of the EUREC Agency (the European Association of Renewable Energy Research Centers) from 1997 to 2002
 Member, then Chairman of the Scientific Council of the Fraunhofer Society from 1995 to 2006, as well as member of its Senate from 2001 to 2006
 Member of the Scientific Council of the Hahn-Meitner Institute, Berlin, from 1997 to 2004
 Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Federal Government Global Environmental Change (WBGU), Germany, from 2000 to 2004
 Vice-Chairman of the European Union Photovoltaic Technology Platform from 2005 to 2009
 Member of the Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, appointed by the Federal Government of Germany, from 2007 to 2010
 Chairman of the International Science Panel on Renewable Energies (ISPRE) from 2007 to 2010
 Chairman of the Prize Committee of the Becquerel Prize organisation since 2010

He was Editor-in-Chief of the Solar Energy published by Elsevier from 1999 to 2002.

Awards and honors
 2005 Becquerel Prize for outstanding merits in photovoltaics
 2005 Environment Prize of the German Environment Foundation
 2005 Special Service Award of the International Society for Solar Energy
 2005 International Rhineland Prize for Environmental Protection
 2006 Fraunhofer Mint for his outstanding services to the Fraunhofer Society
 2008 Luther was named one of the Heroes of the Environment (2008) by the Time magazine
 2009 Achievement through Action Award of the International Solar Energy Society (ISES)

References

External links
Short biography and CV of Joachim Luther
Becquerel prize honorary lecture
Photovoltaics Guidebook for Decision-makers

20th-century German physicists
21st-century German physicists
German environmentalists
Energy engineers
People associated with solar power
Living people
1941 births


Andrea Merenda (born 10 June 1977 in Milan) is an Italian football midfielder who currently plays for Marconi Stallions in the NSW Premier League.

Biography
Merenda had been in training with the Mariners for a month before earning his shot at the Hyundai A-League, having most recently completed the 2007/08 Italian Serie C1 campaign with Calcio Lecco, an historic club from the north of Italy once coached by Roberto Donadoni.

Born in Milan, Merenda came to Australia seeking a fresh challenge after 16 seasons in his home country that included stints at nine clubs across various divisions – peaking with six seasons in the third-tier Serie C1, a division that once pitted Merenda against current Qantas Socceroo Carl Valeri.

Equally at home in defence or midfield, Merenda was introduced to the yellow and navy set up as short-term cover for injured attacking ace Ahmad Elrich. Merenda's signing, albeit on a short-term basis, was a significant one for the Mariners, who until his capture had yet to engage the services of a foreign player from abroad. He was released after failing to break into the first team.

References

External links
 Central Coast Mariners profile

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Milan
Italian men's footballers
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Mantova 1911 players
Pro Sesto 1913 players
AC Belluno 1905 players
Casale FBC players
Calcio Lecco 1912 players
Central Coast Mariners FC players
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Men's association football midfielders


David Michael Lucian Measham (1 December 19376 February 2005) was a British-Australian conductor and violinist.

Measham was born in Nottingham, England, to a musical family.  His father, Lester, had trained as an opera singer and his mother, Joan, was a pianist. He began violin studies at age 7, and first conducted at age 13. He attended the Mundella Grammar School (Nottingham), and later the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, London, where he studied with Norman Del Mar.  He then became a section violinist with the BBC Symphony Orchestra.  He served with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra as co-leader (1963–1967) alongside John Georgiadis.  He became principal second violin with the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) in 1967 following Neville Marriner's departure.

At one rehearsal, Measham took over when the conductor, Leonard Bernstein, said he wanted to hear what the orchestra sounded like from the back of the hall and called for a volunteer conductor. He then had further assistance in conducting from Bernstein.  Subsequently, in his conducting career, Measham was music director of Phoenix Opera, and chief conductor of the Stetson University Summer Institute in Florida.  In 1971, Measham made his Royal Festival Hall conducting debut with the LSO, when he took over from Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt at the last minute on one 2-hour rehearsal.

Measham worked as a conductor with non-classical artists such as the saxophonist Ornette Coleman (The Skies Of America, 1972), Neil Young (Harvest, 1972) and on a full orchestral version of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.  In 1972, Measham conducted the LSO on Tommy, a full orchestral version of The Who's Tommy (1969). In 1974, Measham conducted the LSO on Rick Wakeman's Journey to the Centre of the Earth, touring the US and Canada with the American Symphony Orchestra, and Japan and later the New World Symphony Orchestra on The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

In 1971, Measham emigrated to Western Australia and was based in Perth.  He was principal conductor of the West Australian Symphony Orchestra 1974-81, and its principal guest conductor 1981-86.  There he gave many first performances, and took the orchestra on its first overseas tour, to Singapore, and to the Sydney Festival, before an audience of 120,000.  In 1975, he began an indoor season of three Promenade Concerts as part of the Perth International Arts Festival, modelled on The Proms.  He presented a radio series for ABC Classic FM called "Both Sides Of The Podium", where orchestra players discussed their experiences working with various conductors.  His other interests in Perth included yachting, and he was a member of the Claremont Yacht Club and then Mounts Bay Sailing Club where he raced his own keel-boat.

Measham's recordings include several with flautist Sir James Galway. He also recorded works by Barber, Kabalevsky, Shostakovich, Vaughan Williams, John Ireland, Peggy Glanville-Hicks and John Carmichael, and the only commercial recording of Wilfred Josephs' Kaddish based Requiem.

Measham died of cancer of the pancreas, in Perth.  His early marriage to the soprano Susan Shoemaker ended in divorce.  His two children from his marriage, Aaron and Guenevere, survive him.

References

External links
 Mundella School
  Tribute to Friend and Conductor David Measham
 Guenevere Measham profile

British male conductors (music)
British violinists
British male violinists
London Symphony Orchestra players
Australian conductors (music)
1937 births
2005 deaths
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Musicians from Perth, Western Australia
Musicians from Nottingham
20th-century violinists
Deaths from cancer in Western Australia
20th-century British conductors (music)
20th-century British male musicians


Neviusia, the snow-wreaths, is a genus of ornamental plants, which are native to the United States, containing two extant species and one extinct species known from fossil leaves. This genus is a rare example of a disjunct range occurring in North America. The type species, Neviusia alabamensis, occurs in several southeastern states, while second extant species, Neviusia cliftonii, is endemic to the Mt Shasta region of California, and the extinct species Neviusia dunthornei is found in shale deposits in the Okanagan Highlands of Washington and British Columbia. It is named for Episcopal priest and botanist Reuben Nevius.

References

Kerrieae
Rosaceae genera
Flora of the United States


Johan Erhard Areschoug (Johannes Erhard Areschoug, Philos. Doctor, Botanices et Oeconomiae) (16 September 1811 – 7 May 1887) was a Swedish botanist who was a native of Göteborg. He was a member of the Arreskow family (in Swedish). His first name is sometimes recorded as "John".

He studied natural sciences at the University of Lund, where in 1838 he earned his doctorate in philosophy. In 1859 he succeeded Elias Magnus Fries (1794-1878) as professor of botany at the University of Uppsala, a position he maintained until 1876. In 1851, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Areschoug performed extensive field studies of Scandinavian cryptogams, being remembered for his work in the field of phycology. The red algae genus Areschougia from the family Areschougiaceae is named in his honor.

Selected publications
 Symbolae Algarum rar. Florae scandinavicae (1838).
 Iconographia phycologica (1847).
 Phyceae scanidnavicae marinae (1850).
 Observationes phycologicae (1883).

References

 Are Akademi Collegium Europaeum  (biographical information)
 Svenskt Biografiskt Handlexikon (translated biography)

Botanists with author abbreviations
Swedish botanists
Swedish phycologists
1811 births
1887 deaths
Academic staff of Uppsala University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Gothenburg


The Battle of Los Angeles tournament (the BOLA) is an annual independent wrestling tournament in North America, run and promoted by Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). It is the flagship event of PWG. Over the years, the tournament has featured numerous notable wrestlers such as famous Total Nonstop Action Wrestling stars A.J. Styles and Christopher Daniels, future WWE world champions Kevin Steen (Kevin Owens), Bryan Danielson (Daniel Bryan), Tyler Black (Seth Rollins) and Drew Galloway (Drew McIntyre), future AEW world champion Kenny Omega and future Impact world champions Brian Cage, Pentagón Jr., Chris Sabin, Rich Swann, Sami Callihan, John Hennigan (Johnny Impact), Austin Aries and Eddie Edwards.

The tournament setup
The number of participants have often changed over the years. In the first year of the Battle of Los Angeles, there were sixteen participants, with eight opening round matches, four quarterfinal matches, two semifinal matches, and a final. In 2006 the tournament was expanded to 24 participants, which caused the addition of another eight person bracket and created three semifinals matches and an elimination three-way final match. In 2008 the tournament returned to its 16-man format. In 2011, the tournament was completely revamped, taking place for the first time as a one night tournament with only eight participants. In 2014, the tournament reverted to a 24-man format held over three nights. The first two nights are all first-round matches, while the third night contains the quarter-finals and semi-finals before culminating in a three-way match. In 2022, the tournament was reduced to sixteen participants.

All nights also feature non-tournament special attractions, which are usually tag-team matches involving tournament participants from other nights or eliminated wrestlers. Titles are also occasionally defended on these events.

The tournament winner is awarded a title shot for the PWG World Championship. The champion himself often participates in the tournament and if some other wrestler wins the tournament then he is entitled to a title shot. So far, no champion has won the tournament. There have been a few instances where the winner did not receive a title shot. For example, the 2006 winner Davey Richards cashed in on a PWG World Tag Team Championship opportunity instead of challenging for the World Championship. The 2007 winner CIMA did not invoke his title shot while the 2008 winner Low Ki left PWG immediately after winning the tournament due to signing with WWE. The 2009 tournament was itself contested for the vacant PWG World Championship.

Winners, dates, venues and main events

Championship match for winner
 – Championship victory
 – Championship match loss
 – Did not receive title match

The 2009 Battle of Los Angeles winner did not receive a title match as the tournament itself was for the vacant PWG World Championship. Kenny Omega defeated Roderick Strong in the tournament final to win the vacant title.

References

External links
The Website of Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (Requires Macromedia Flash)

Professional wrestling tournaments
Professional wrestling in Los Angeles
Recurring events established in 2005

Pro Wrestling Guerrilla shows


Biernaty Średnie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Chotycze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Chotycze


Chotycze-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Chotycze-Kolonia


Czuchleby  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Czuchleby
Siedlce Governorate
Kholm Governorate
Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Dzięcioły may refer to the following places:
Dzięcioły, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Dzięcioły, Łosice County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Dzięcioły, Wołomin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


Dzięcioły  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Jeziory  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Jeziory


Łuzki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Meszki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Meszki


Niemojki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

The village  of 1,000.

References

Niemojki


Niemojki-Stacja  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Niemojki-Stacja


Nowosielec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Nowosielec


Patków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Prusy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Rudnik () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Stare Biernaty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stare Biernaty


Świniarów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County
Siedlce Governorate
Kholm Governorate
Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Szańków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Szańków-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Toporów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Woźniki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Zakrze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łosice, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Zakrze


Bachorza  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Dziadkowskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Huszlew,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Dziadkowskie


Dziadkowskie-Folwark  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Dziadkowskie-Folwark


Felin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Felin


Harachwosty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Huszlew,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Harachwosty


Huszlew  is a village in Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Huszlew. It lies approximately  south-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Huszlew
Siedlce Governorate
Kholm Governorate
Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Juniewicze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Juniewicze


Kopce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Huszlew,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Kopce


Kownaty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Krasna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Krasna


Krasna-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Krasna-Kolonia


Krzywośnity  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Ławy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Liwki Szlacheckie () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Liwki Szlacheckie


Liwki Włościańskie () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Makarówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Mostów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Huszlew,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Nieznanki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Huszlew,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Nieznanki


Sewerynów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Siliwonki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Huszlew,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Siliwonki


Waśkowólka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Władysławów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Wygoda  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Zienie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Zienie


Żurawlówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Huszlew,  south-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Bejdy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Bejdy


Bolesty  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Olszanka,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Bolesty


Dawidy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Olszanka,  south-west of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Hadynów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Klimy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Olszanka,  south-west of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Klimy


Korczówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Olszanka,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Korczówka-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Mszanna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Olszanka,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Mszanna


Nowe Łepki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Olszanka  is a village in Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Olszanka. It lies approximately  south-west of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County
Siedlce Governorate
Kholm Governorate
Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)


Pietrusy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Pietrusy


Próchenki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


The Shimmer Tag Team Championship (stylized as SHIMMER Tag Team Championship) is a professional wrestling tag team championship in Shimmer Women Athletes. The title is recognized nationally by Ring of Honor, and also by several independent promotions, including American Luchacore, Insanity Pro Wrestling and Shine Wrestling, where it has also been defended. It has also been defended in Japan at Joshi 4 Hope independent events.

History
Since the creation of the Shimmer Championship, there was a growing interest in creating a Shimmer Tag Team Championship. This was stemmed from a growing number of teams such as The Experience and The Minnesota Home Wrecking Crew, and frequent tag team matches on the cards of Shimmer events. In October 2008, the first champions were crowned when the duo of Ashley Lane and Nevaeh won a Gauntlet Match involving six teams at Shimmer Volume 21.

Reigns

Combined reigns

As of  ,

By team

By wrestler

See also
Heart of Shimmer Championship
Shimmer Championship
Shine Tag Team Championship
Women's World Tag Team Championship

References
General

Specific

External links
Shimmer Tag Team Championship

2008 in professional wrestling
Women's professional wrestling tag team championships
Shimmer Women Athletes championships


Radlnia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Radlnia


Stare Łepki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Szawły  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Szydłówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Wyczółki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olszanka, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Olszanka,  south of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


St. Francis Square Mall is a medium-sized shopping mall located in the heart of Ortigas Center and part of the St. Francis Square Complex. The mall is a direct competitor of the nearby SM Megamall. It was home to over 1,000 stalls and stores and housed the Christ's Commission Fellowship (CCF) megachurch until 2013 when the megachurch moved to the CCF Center in Tiendesitas, Pasig.

The mall has since undergone major renovations, and as of 2019 houses mainly office spaces.

Mall levels
Tenants of the mall are the Puregold Jr. Supermarket on the basement floor, the St. Francis Generic Drug Store and St. Francis Bookstore on the ground floor, and the St. Francis Department Store at the mezzanine floor of the mall. The mall attracts a daily foot traffic of 50,000 people, and is known for its tiangge stalls that mainly sell phone cases, gadget repair services, DVDs, and children's toys.

Upper levels
The third, fourth, and fifth floors of the mall comprise CCF's main facilities. A part of the third floor acts as a transit floor for escalators from the second floor to the fifth floor as a direct access corridor to and from the CCF auditorium.

CCF St. Francis
Part of the second floor and most of the third floor of the building comprise classrooms for CCF's Sunday school ministry, NxtGen. To limit outside access to the Sunday school, the only entrance to the Sunday school is located at the second floor of the mall. The third floor is directly connected to the main auditorium that span the fourth and fifth floors.

The fifth and sixth floors house the 3,000 capacity CCF Auditorium, as well as other support facilities, such as a clinic, and overflow room.

References

External links
 St. Francis Square - Official website
 BSA Twin Towers - Official website

Ortigas Center
Shopping malls in Mandaluyong
Shopping malls established in 2005

tl:Kambal na Toreng BSA sa St. Francis Square


Chłopków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Chłopków-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Czuchów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Czuchów-Pieńki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Falatycze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Platerów,  east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Falatycze


Górki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Hruszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Platerów,  north of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Hruszew


Hruszniew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Platerów,  east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Hruszniew-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Hruszniew-Kolonia


Kamianka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Kisielew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Kisielew


Lipno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

History
The first mention of Lipno comes from 1486 when King Casimir IV Jagiellon gave Lipno someone named Pietruszek which was royal secretary. Lipno was originally a village on the edge of Białowieża Forest and near running through the nearby Sarnaki the Royal Route Krakow - Vilnius . Casimir's decision confirmed in 1525 by King Sigismund I the Old and Lipno until the 1864 was the village that belonged to the nobility. In the 80s 16th century Lipno was part of the "klimczycka group" consisting of three villages (Lipno, Klimczyce, Sarnaki) belonging to the family Kosiński. The period of the wars of the 17th century had a great impact on the history of the village. In memory of people, handed down from generation to generation, preserved picture of the struggle fought by a group of villagers from the Swedish troops during the Deluge. Lipno, from 1513 until 1795, was part of the set up by the decision of King Sigismund the Old, the capital of Podlaskie Voivodeship in Drohiczyn (from the Union of Lublin since 1569 area of the region became part of the Crown). After the Third Partition of Poland, southern part of the province, separated by the river Bug found since 1809 was under the rule of Austria. From 1809 Lipno and surroundings were part of the Duchy of Warsaw (created in 1807), since 1815 Lipno was for more than a century one of the many villages, formed the Congress of Vienna, the Polish Kingdom. In the 19th century the village belonged to the property Klimczyce owned by the family Podczaski. In 1827 there were 31 houses and 200 inhabitants, in 1880, 40 houses inhabited by 396 people during the procession in the 984 acres of land. In 1962, in the village inhabited by 530 people. Through the efforts of residents Lipno in 1910 was funded statue of Mary, the mother of Jesus set on the road leading to the Sarnaki. Figure was a place of prayers and meetings residents of the village. In 1933, the figure was in the middle of a newly built chapel on the same site. During the World War II in the area operated partisan included in the fifth Wilno Brigade AK, using the help of the local population, for which after the war, some residents were persecuted by UB. In Warsaw, Polish People's Party deputies filed parliamentary questions on harassment by UB population of the Gmina Sarnaki and village Lipno, which then belonged to this municipality.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Mężenin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Mężenin-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


David Rubinoff, also known as Dave Rubinoff (September 3, 1897, in Grodno, Russian Empire, now Belarus – October 6, 1986), was a popular violinist who was heard during the 1930s and 1940s on various radio programs playing his $100,000 Stradivarius violin. He also performed in theaters, clubs and schools, and he gave several concerts at the White House during the 1940s. He was sometimes billed as Rubinoff and his Violin.

Radio
Rubinoff appeared with his orchestra, dubbed Rubinoff and his Orchestra, becoming a major radio star on The Chase and Sanborn Hour. His radio popularity led to his own show on NBC in 1935-36.

1948 tour
The Albany Herald gave this account of a Rubinoff personal appearance during the violinist's 1948 tour:
The exuberant musician with his leather-cased violin strode into the lobby of the New Albany Hotel this morning with the poise of a concert musician and the aggressive air of a top-flight general. Mayor James W. “Taxi” Smith, Sam Morris and Bill Buntin of the Exchange Club met the violinist at the door of the elevator. After greeting the Albanians, Mr. Rubinoff began a discussion of cameras and their qualities with Jack Holland, Herald Photographer. At the same time he removed his violin valued at $100,000 from the case. Placing the Stradivarius violin on the shoulder of Mayor Smith, he remarked: “Rubinoff’s violin never played a sour note,” Mayor Smith only gripped and grinned. A “regular guy”, the Russian born violinist immediately conferred with Bill Buntin and Sam Morris of the Exchange Club, sponsor of the concert in the city auditorium today at 8 p.m. and agreed to a complete re-arrangement of his schedule of appearances today. He also made arrangements to appear on the two Albany radio stations, all in a matter of minutes. Mr. Rubinoff is on a tour of the Southeastern part of the nation and will return to California when the tour is over. His wife is expected to join him tonight. Red-headed and from Texas, Mrs. Rubinoff met her husband while she was serving as an usher at a concert which he played in Wichita Falls, Texas, several years ago. When the violinist is on tour he says that he phones his wife every night. His three-year-old son, Rubin Rubinoff, already is studying the violin, said his famous pop. Having the reputation of being a huge eater, the violinist will readily give anyone the hamburger recipe he used to prepare for President Roosevelt when he was a guest at the White House.

School Appearances
THE HARTEM STAGLITE of Hartsburg, Illinois reports of a school appearance in Lincoln, Illinois in the October 18, 1949 edition of the school newspaper.

The service clubs of Lincoln are sponsoring Rubinoff, the great violinist for a benefit performance for the Rec on October 24. There is a special matinee for students at 3:00 with admission price 75 cents. This concert is at the Lincoln High School Gymnasium.

A follow-up article appeared in the October 31, 1949 edition of THE HARTEM STAGLITE

RUBINOFF PLEASES LARGE AUDIENCE

About 25 students and teachers went to Lincoln Monday afternoon to hear David Rubinoff. He is the world's greatest violinist, as everyone that went realized.

He played several classical pieces which everyone enjoyed. The two favorites of the day were "Don't Fence Me In," which really brought the laughs and "Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life," which brought the "Ah's" from most of the teenagers.

Rubinoff introduced his little "redheaded" son, who is five years old.

Rubinoff's accompanist played a few numbers. The best liked was "Etude in Boogie Woogie", which I'm sure everyone enjoyed.

The concert lasted for about an hour so that everyone could be home early—but were they?

"Etchings"

In 1937 a woman brought a breach of promise lawsuit against Rubinoff, alleging that he had invited her to his apartment to see a collection of etchings, seduced her, and later refused to marry her when she claimed to be pregnant. The case was settled, but "Come up and see my etchings" became a popular catchphrase.

Film appearances
Morning, Noon and Night (1933) - This Betty Boop cartoon, produced by Fleischer Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, includes a segment showing Rubinoff playing the violin
Parade of the Wooden Soldiers (1933) - Rubinoff appears as himself in this Betty Boop cartoon
Thanks a Million (1935) - Rubinoff appears as himself in this Hollywood film
You Can't Have Everything (1937) - Rubinoff appears as himself in this Hollywood film

Listen to

References

Sources
Shapiro, Mitchell E. Radio Network Prime Time Programming, 1926-1967, McFarland & Company, Inc., 2002.
"Rubinoff to Appear in Lincoln." Hartem Staglite. 18 Oct. 1949. Web.
"Rubinoff pleases large audience." Hartem Staglite. 31 Oct. 1949. Web.

External links

Rubinoff/DeGroat Corkscrews
14 Rubinoff recordings streamed online from Internet Archive

1897 births
1986 deaths
American male violinists
People from Grodno
20th-century American violinists
20th-century American male musicians
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States


Michałów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Platerów,  north of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Myszkowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Platerów,  north of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Myszkowice


Nowodomki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Nowodomki


Ostromęczyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Ostromęczyn-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Platerów  is a village in Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Platerów. It lies approximately  north-east of Łosice and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Puczyce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Platerów,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Puczyce


Rusków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Platerów,  north of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Zaborze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Platerów, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Platerów,  north of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Celestina Boninsegna (26 February 1877 – 13 February 1947) was an Italian operatic dramatic soprano, known for her interpretations of the heroines in Verdi's operas. Although particularly eminent in Verdi's works, she sang a wide repertoire during her 25-year career, including Rosaura in the world premiere of Mascagni's Le maschere. Boninsegna made many recordings between 1904 and 1918, and her voice was one of the most successfully captured on disc during that period.

Career
Boninsegna was born in Reggio Emilia, where she began to study singing in her youth with Guglielmo Mattioli. She made her professional opera debut at the unusually young age of 15, singing Norina in Don Pasquale. Boninsegna entered the Conservatorio Gioachino Rossini in Pesaro shortly thereafter, where she studied under Virginia Boccabadati.

In 1897, she made her operatic début at Bari as Marguerite in Gounod's Faust. Subsequently, she sang Rosaura in the first Rome performance of Mascagni's Le maschere. This was followed by many engagements throughout Italy, elsewhere in mainland Europe, Great Britain and the United States, including at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London (in 1904), La Scala, Milan (1904–5), the Teatro Real, Madrid (1905–6), and the Metropolitan Opera, New York City (1906–7). She also appeared in Boston (in 1909–10), at the Teatro Solís, Montevideo (1911), at the Liceu, Barcelona (1911–12), at the Mariinsky Theatre, St Petersburg (1914)—and at numerous less important venues in her homeland and abroad.

She retired from the stage in 1921 and spent the next two decades teaching singing. Amongst her pupils was the Australian dramatic soprano Margherita Grandi.

Boninsegna possessed a rich, resonant voice with a wide compass that was particularly suited to Verdi's music. In Italy in the 1900-1920 period, she was considered to be one of the finest interpreters of several Verdi heroines, including the title role in Aïda, Amelia in Un ballo in maschera, and Leonora in both Il trovatore and La forza del destino. Critics particularly admired her relatively smooth vocal delivery and the dignity and refinement that she gave to the vocal lines of the music at hand, although—as the opera commentator and record reviewer Michael Scott details in The Record of Singing (Duckworth, London, 1977)—her technique was not impeccable, with her ripe lowest register not fully integrated with the upper parts of her voice. (See also The New York Times of 22 December 1906 for a review of her first Met Aïda and a summary of her vocal strengths and weaknesses.)

In an era of dynamic and passionate singing-actresses (such as Gemma Bellincioni, Eugenia Burzio and Rosina Storchio in Italy and Emmy Destinn in New York), Boninsegna's acting skills were dull in comparison, and her career suffered to some extent as a result. Furthermore, with the exception of the part of Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana and the title role in Puccini's Tosca, Boninsegna was either unfamiliar with, or simply not cast in, the verismo repertory which was highly popular during the time that she was performing—a problem that prejudiced her career. Nonetheless, she did achieve considerable success on 78-rpm gramophone records, being one of the first lyric-dramatic sopranos whose voice recorded well.

She died in Formigine (MO) in 1947.

Roles

Aida, Aida (Verdi)
Amelia, Un ballo in maschera (Verdi)
Amica, "Amica" (Mascagni)
Brünnhilde, Siegfried (Wagner)
Donna Anna, Don Giovanni (Mozart)
Elena, I vespri siciliani (Verdi)
Elena, Mefistofele (Boito)
Elsa, Lohengrin (Wagner)
Elvira, Ernani (Verdi)
Gilda, Rigoletto (Verdi)
Gioconda, La Gioconda (Ponchielli)
Jone, Jone (Petrella)
Leonora, Il trovatore (Verdi)
Leonora, La forza del destino (Verdi)
Margherita, Mefistofele (Boito)
Marguerite, Faust (Gounod)

Marguerite, La damnation de Faust (Berlioz)
Maria, Guglielmo Ratcliff (Mascagni)
Maria, Maria di Rohan (Donizetti)
Nedda, Pagliacci (Leoncavallo)
Norina, Don Pasquale (Donizetti)
Norma, Norma (Bellini)
Queen of Sheba, Die Königin von Saba (Goldmark)
Rachel, La Juive (Halévy)
Regina, Ruy Blas (Marchetti)
Rosaura, Le maschere (Mascagni)
Santuzza, Cavalleria rusticana (Mascagni)
Tosca, Tosca (Puccini)
Valentine, Les Huguenots (Meyerbeer)
(Role unknown) in Janko (Bandini)

Recordings
For her day, Boninsegna was a prolific recording artist. She recorded 106 sides, nearly as many as the combined output of her contemporaries Olive Fremstad, Emma Eames, Lillian Nordica, and Marcella Sembrich. She began to record in 1904 for Gramophone & Typewriter Co Milan with "In quelle trine morbide" from Manon Lescaut and went on to make over thirty recordings for that label by 1918. She also recorded for Pathé, Edison, His Master's Voice and Columbia. Her Columbia recordings, made between 1909 and 1910, were amongst her most acclaimed and were later issued on LP. Many arias from her recordings, including those made for Columbia, are available on CD:
Celestina Boninsegna — Arias Label: Pearl 9219
Lebendige Vergangenheit (Legendary Voices)  — Celestina Boninsegna Label: Preiser 89584
Celestina Boninsegna, The Symposium Opera Collection Vol. 13. Label: Symposium 1323
The Complete Celestina Boninsegna, Label: Marston Records

Notes and references

Carner, Mosco (1985) Giacomo Puccini: Tosca, Cambridge University Press, p. 146.
 Celletti, Rodolfo/Valeria Pregliasco Gualerzi: "Celestina Boninsegna", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed October 20, 2008), (subscription access)
Guzmán, Mario Cánepa (1976) La opera en Chile, 1839–1930, Editorial Del Pacífico.
Hoffmann, Frank W. (2005) Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound: M–Z Index, CRC Press.
The New York Times, "Aida for the First Time at the Metropolitan", December 22, 1906, p. 9.
Porter, Andrew (1989) Musical Events: A Chronicle, 1983–1986 Summit Books, p. 345.
Rideout, Robert (2000) "Celestina Boninsegna", Record Collector, Vol. 45, No. 1 (updated and revised version reprinted on mrichter.com). Accessed 13 October 2008.
Rosenthal, H. and Warrack, J. (1979) "Boninsegna, Celestina" in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press.
Salgado, Susana "The Teatro Solis: 150 Years of Opera, Concert, and Ballet in Montevideo", Wesleyan University Press. 2003 ()
Tuggle, Robert From The Metropolitan Opera Archives: Celestina Boninsegna. Metropolitan Opera, New York. Accessed 13 October 2008.

External links
Audio files
Celestina Boninsegna –  from Bellini's Norma. Recorded 1904.
Celestina Boninsegna – "Ma dall'arido stelo divulsa" from Verdi's Un ballo in maschera. Recorded 1905.
Celestina Boninsegna – "Pace, pace mio Dio" from Verdi's La forza del destino. Recorded 1906.
Celestina Boninsegna – "O patria mia" from Verdi's Aida. Recorded 1909.
Celestina Boninsegna –  from Verdi's Ernani. Recorded 1910.

1877 births
1947 deaths
People from Reggio Emilia
Italian operatic sopranos


Binduga may refer to the following places:
Binduga, Łosice County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Binduga, Przasnysz County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Binduga, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Binduga, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)


Binduga  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sarnaki, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Sarnaki,  north-east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Łosice County


Bonin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sarnaki, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Sarnaki,  east of Łosice, and  east of Warsaw.

References

Bonin


Bonin-Ogródki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sarnaki, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Łosice County