Music Is Just a Bunch of Notes is an album by blues artists "Spider" John Koerner and Willie and the Bumblebees, released in 1972. It was reissued in 2010 by Nero's Neptune Records along with a movie Koerner made titled The Secret of Sleep.

"Macalester Don't Stop Now 10-Mar-72" was recorded live by Koerner, Dave Ray, and Bonnie Raitt at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota on March 10, 1972. "Waiting for Go with Normal Dub" was recorded live in Minneapolis, Minnesota outside of Tom Olson's house.

The album had a plain white cover that was rubber stamped by hand, making each one unique. This included one that said "also on side two: Everybody's Going For the Money", which had been left off of the label. Early copies had a serial number alá the Beatles' White Album.  Later copies came in a plain white cover with a central cut-out so the record label could be read; a large label was glued to the top reading "Spider John Koerner, Tom Olson and/Willie Murphy   with The Bumblebees  SJL5872."

Track listing

Side one
 "Macalester Don't Stop Now 10-Mar-72" – :23
 "Ramble, Tumble" (John Koerner) – 3:19
 "Don't Terrify Me" (Koerner) – 3:04
 "Be Careful" (Koerner) – 4:53
 "Waiting for Go with Normal Dub" (Tom Olson) – 5:30

Side two
 "Cindy's #" (Palmer)
 "Everybody's Goin' For The Money" (Koerner)
 "Skipper And His Wife" (Koerner)
 "Thief River Falls" (Koerner, Willie Murphy)
 "Mr. Image" (Olson)
 "Taking Time" (Koerner)
 "The Wall" (Olson)

Personnel
John Koerner – guitar, vocals
Willie Murphy – bass, piano, vocals
Dave Ray – vocals on "The Wall"
Tom Olson – vocals ("Waiting for Go with Normal Dub", "Mr. Image", "The Wall")
John Beach – piano
Stephen Bradley – drums
Gene Hoffman – tenor saxophone
Maurice Jaycox – alto and baritone saxophone
Voyle Harris – trumpet
Mary Du Shane – violin
Sandy Herforth – violin
Alan Weisman – harp ("Thief River Falls")
Dave Morton – vocals
Betty Brenner – vocals
Liz Thorson – vocals
Bibi Bathos – vocals
Stevi Beck – vocals

References

External links
John Koerner discography
Nero's Neptune Records

1972 albums
John Koerner albums
Albums produced by Dave Ray


Amendment 52 was a proposed 2008 ballot initiative in Colorado, United States for around half of severance tax funds to be redirected to highway building and maintenance projects, especially expanding Interstate 70 in Colorado (I-70). 64.3% of the voters voted against it, so it did not go into effect.

Results

Conflict with Amendment 58
Both Amendment 58 and Amendment 52 appeared on the ballot in 2008, and they both regarded the handling of Colorado's use of the severance tax. While 58 would have allocated the money into college scholarships and natural resources, 52 would have redirected the money into improving I-70. Neither initiative passed.

References

Amendment 52
Initiatives in the United States
Constitution of Colorado
U.S. state constitutional amendments


Pradeep Chandika Seeman (born November 10, 1977) was a Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Kalutara Town Club. He was born in Kalutara.

Seeman played six matches in the Saravanamuttu Trophy competition of 1996–97, in Kalutara Town Club's only season in first-class cricket. Despite scoring a duck in the first innings of his debut first-class match, he recovered in the second innings to score 37. His best score of the competition followed in the next match, an innings of 45 in a draw against Burgher Recreational Club.

Seeman retained a position in the upper order in the first half of the competition, after which he switched to playing in the middle of the order.

External links
Chandika Seeman at Cricket Archive

1977 births
Living people
Sri Lankan cricketers
Kalutara Town Club cricketers
People from Kalutara
Cricketers from Western Province, Sri Lanka


The Baiyer River Sanctuary is a nature reserve along the Baiyer River in Western Highlands Province of Papua-New Guinea.  It was opened on 13 January 1968 by the then-Australian administration.  It has been expanded to a current area of 740 hectares.  The reserve lies at elevations of between 800 and 1200 meters.

 Annual rainfall: 259 cm
 Bird species: 185, including varieties of bird-of-paradise
 Mammal species: 8, including rats, opossums, kangaroos and bandicoots
 Amphibians: Litoria oenicolen has only been found in the reserve, from only two specimens.
 Flora:  oaks are the predominant forest species here.
 Address: Superintendent, Baiyer River Sanctuary, P O Box 490, Mt Hagen
 Useful other information: The sanctuary is about 40 km outside of Mt Hagen. The road is good to average. The first road section is sealed whilst the latter section remains as a gravel track but navigable by a land vehicle. There are no signs to show directions to the sanctuary. The park does not have any facility inside as what existed before is already destroyed. Some renovation is currently in-progress. The forest cover is good and much remains in virgin state. Sound of birds is abundant. It requires extensive trailing inside the forest to watch birds. However, it is not advisable to visit the reserve for a tourist at this stage.

The area of the reserve had been the scene of considerable unrest over years and the main buildings had been burned down.

References

External links
 UNEP/WCMC
 Topworld
 Birding AU

Tourist attractions in Papua New Guinea
Western Highlands Province
Nature reserves in Papua New Guinea
1968 establishments in Papua New Guinea


The women's discus throw F11-12 had its final held on September 16 at 17:13.

Medalists

Results

References
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


Luísa Beirão (born 29 August 1977 in Sever do Vouga) is a Portuguese model. She was a spokesmodel of Nivea and Coca-Cola in Portugal.

Private life
Luísa married Portuguese football player Miguel Pedrosa in June 1999. The couple is now divorced. Beirão has since been in a relationship with Gonçalo Santana Lopes, the oldest son of former Portuguese Prime Minister Pedro Santana Lopes.

References

See also

1977 births
Living people
People from Aveiro District
Portuguese female models


The American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) is a government-run public utility company providing electricity, water, wasterwater, and waste disposal services within American Samoa.

History
Governor Peter T. Coleman issued an emergency executive order on October 1, 1981, which established the American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA). The 1970s and 1980s experienced frequent power outages. Supply failed to meet demand. Appeals to Washington, DC resulted in an appropriation of $1.5 million. Governor Coleman and Congressman Fofó Iosefa Fiti Sunia appealed to congressional committees for an emergency appropriation. In 1982, Congress approved $2 million out of the $8 requested. ASPA hired a new director, Jim Carrier, who urged the immediate purchase of two large diesel engines to solve the immediate problem. The move worked, but the increased use of air conditioners led to new energy usage issues. Power outages happened again in 1985. The new management in 1986 sought financial assistance from several sources and received loans from the Rural Electric Authority and the Retirement Fund. Success was immediate. In 1987, the territory's garbage disposal was transferred to ASPA.

In 1995, Department of the Interior gave the Government of American Samoa a five-year grant to develop a master plan for the development of sewer, water, roads, and power services for Tuālāuta County. ASPA received a $3.1 million grant from the EPA for the first phase of the Tafuna plains sewer system. The Master Plan for Port Development was completed. By the year 2000, ASPA was in control of all power distribution and generation, water systems, wastewater, and solid waste disposal.

In 2008 the American Samoa Senate proposed the dissolution of the ASPA in 2008 due to financial difficulties.  Under the bill, the ASPA would be dissolved and its assets and operations would be transferred to a new proposed American Samoa Utility Department overseen by the Executive Branch. The bill was defeated in March 2008.

References

External links
 ASPA website

Economy of American Samoa
Municipal electric utilities of the United States


Chel White (born May 30, 1959) is an American film director, composer, screenwriter and visual effects artist. In his independent films and music videos, White is known for his stylized, often experimental use of images, unusual animation and narratives depicting an outsider's perspective. He often adopts darkly humorous and poetic sensibilities to explore topics of love, obsession and alienation; with dreams and the subconscious being his greatest influences. He describes his own work as “stories and images that reside on the brink of dreams, or linger on the periphery of distorted memories.” A Rockefeller Fellow, Chel White has made three films based on the work of Peabody Award-winning writer and radio personality Joe Frank (Dirt, Soulmate, Magda ).

Chale Nafus of the Austin Film Society says, "I have been amazed at the stylistic and thematic diversity in (Chel White’s) films. Surreal, ethereal, wistful, and witty, I just allow my imagination to be taken into his complex, mysterious worlds.” The Austin Chronicle says, "(Chel White's) work seems to dispatch itself in some secret, subversive code, flashing messages amid animation, obscure stock footage, and actors with crazy eyes."

Chel White has directed music videos for Radiohead's Thom Yorke, The Melvins, Tom Brosseau, Chrystabell & David Lynch, and collaborated with the Oregon Symphony. He has worked extensively with film director Gus Van Sant, creating visual effects on several of Van Sant's projects. White began directing commercials in 1992, and with a focus in stop motion, began directing television programs in 1999, including two parodies for Saturday Night Live. Along with Ray Di Carlo and David Daniels, Chel White is a co-founder of the international production company Bent Image Lab in Portland, Oregon.

Early life and education
Chel White was born in Kansas City, Missouri and grew up in Colorado, Michigan, Stockholm, and Evanston, Illinois where his father was a Northwestern University professor and his mother a schoolteacher. White cites his earliest influence as being the Surrealist paintings he was exposed to in grade school when visiting the Art Institute of Chicago. He began making films in high school where, studying under instructors Peter Kingsbury and Kevin Dole, he was introduced to the films of Norman McLaren, Harry Everett Smith, Bruce Conner, Maya Deren, Kenneth Anger, Will Hindle, Len Lye and Jean Cocteau. White recalls, "When I was 16, I realized animation was the bridge between being an artist and a filmmaker. At that point I never looked back." In 1984, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Visual Arts, with a central focus on experimental film, from Antioch College.

Independent filmmaker
Chel White began making independent short films after college, starting with a drawn-on-film animation titled Metal Dogs of India (1985). In 1991, White completed  Choreography for Copy Machine (Photocopy Cha Cha), an animated film created solely by using the unique photographic capabilities of a photocopier to generate sequential pictures of hands, faces, and other body parts.  The film is widely considered the first noteworthy animated film using this technique. The Washington Post describes it as “(a) musical frolic which wittily builds on ghostly, distorted images crossing the plate glass of a copier.”
The films that followed include Dirt (1998), Soulmate (2000), Passage (2001), Magda (2004), A Painful Glimpse Into My Writing Process in Less Than 60 Seconds (2005), Wind (2007), the feature film Bucksville (2011), the Donald Trump horror parody Little Donnie (2017), and Dreams of a Fallen Astronaut (2020) part of the Gratzfilm omnibus The One Minute Memoir.

In 2002, as a poetic response to the tragedies of September 11, Chel White created New York to be part of the omnibus collection Underground Zero. The Chicago Tribune called White's film "an eerie paean to the city itself," and Bill Stamets of the Chicago Reader said, “Chel White’s New York makes a ruined city enchanted again: jets ascend in twilight, framed by silhouetted rooftops and cranes, and droplets sparkle like tiny diamonds as kids delight in the spray of fire hydrants."

White's 2007 short film, Wind, was commissioned by Radiohead’s creative director Dilly Gent and the climate change awareness group Live Earth. The New York Times Magazine describes it as “(a) beautiful film, very moving, set to a poem by Antonio Machado and narrated by Alec Baldwin.” Using a Robert Bly translation of the poem, Wind creates a metaphor for humanity's lack of planet stewardship. Along with eight other Live Earth commissioned films, "Wind" made its world premiere in the opening night program of the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival with keynote speaker Al Gore.

The films of Chel White have screened in the Sundance Film Festival, Berlinale, IFFR, SXSW, Ottawa International Animation Festival, Annecy Festival, Hiroshima International Animation Festival, HKIFF, SIFF, and the Edinburgh International Film Festival. 2012 saw the release of Bucksville, Chel White's directorial feature film debut. Written and produced well before the Occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge and the 2016 Trump presidential election, Bucksville is a dark but eerily beautiful and prescient story about a young man who struggles to escape the reality of being bound for life to a disenfranchised, small town radical militia started 20 years ago by his father. Distributed by Phase 4 Films, Bucksville stars Thomas Stroppel, Ted Rooney and Allen Nause, with a cameo role by Tom Berenger as The Patron of Justice. The screenplay is by Laura McGie and Chel White, with music by Tom Brosseau. Jamie S. Rich of The Oregonian calls Bucksville, “An insightful portrayal of an extreme point of view without the expected self-righteous critique.”

White's museum screenings include the Van Gogh Museum, The Brooklyn Museum, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and The High Museum in Atlanta. His retrospective presentations include the Ann Arbor Film Festival (1999 and 2002), Southern Circuit (2002), the Austin Film Society (2003), a 20-year career retrospective at the Northwest Film Center (Portland Art Museum) (2012), and a Bent Image Lab retrospective and masterclass at the Ottawa International Animation Festival (2018). Chel White is the recipient of media arts Fellowships from The Rockefeller Foundation The Regional Arts & Culture Council, Portland Oregon, and project grants from Creative Capital, the Pacific Pioneer Fund and the Oregon Arts Commission. Fever Dreams and Heavenly Nightmares, a DVD compilation of Chel White's short independent films, was released in 2006 by Microcinema International.

Professional career
Chel White started his professional career in 1986, working as an animator for film director Jim Blashfield on music videos for Paul Simon, Tears for Fears and Michael Jackson. In 1991, he began creating visual effects for director Gus Van Sant, starting with My Own Private Idaho (1991). White went on to be visual effects supervisor on Van Sant's Even Cowgirls Get The Blues (1993), Paranoid Park (2007), Milk (2008) and Restless (2011), as well as title effects supervisor on director Todd Haynes' film, I'm Not There, and the animation sequences in David Oyelowo's feature film, The Water Man (2020).

White directed two shorts for NBC's Saturday Night Live and Robert Smigel's Saturday TV Funhouse, The Narrator That Ruined Christmas (season 27, episode 9) and Blue Christmas (season 30, episode 8). Both are parodies of the Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer television special (1964). Airing first on December 15, 2001, The Narrator That Ruined Christmas was written by Robert Smigel, Michael Gordon, Louis CK and Stephen Colbert, with the voices of Chris Parnell, Maya Rudolph, Amy Poehler, Doug Dale, and Robert Smigel. Airing first on December 18, 2004, Blue Christmas was written by Robert Smigel and Michelle Saks Smigel with additional material by Rich Blomquist, Stephen Colbert, Scott Jacobson, and Matt O'Brien, and voices by Maya Rudolph, Amy Poehler, Erik Bergmann, and Robert Smigel. The success of the SNL shorts led to other holiday themed stop motion projects that White would direct through Bent Image Lab, including two children's television specials for Hallmark Channel. In reviewing the 2011 television holiday programs, Mike Hale of The New York Times called Jingle All the Way (TV special)  "By far the best of the bunch. In addition to its charming art and pleasantly low-key storytelling, 'Jingle' stands apart from the other holiday programs by not focusing on the manufacturing or delivery of toys."

In 2006, Chel White directed the music video for Thom Yorke's song Harrowdown Hill (Best Music Video, 2007 SXSW). Along with his team and co-founders at Bent Image Lab, he pioneered Smallgantics, a digital miniaturizing technique first used in the Harrowdown Hill video. In 2012, White directed the video for the Chrysta Bell & David Lynch song Bird of Flames, which has been described as "a haunting and surreal vision."

The commercials Chel White directed have been honored with Clio Awards, a D&AD Award, a The One Club Award, two Association of Independent Commercial Producers (AICP) Awards, and two are included in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. His personal favorite ads he directed are for the Washington State Department of Health in a campaign of surreal anti-smoking public service announcements aimed at children.

Chel White's composer credits include Joan C. Gratz's Academy Award winning animated short film Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase, Joanna Priestley and Joan C. Gratz's animated short Pro and Con,  Choreography for Copy Machine (as Citizen M), “A Bird Is Following Me” with Tom Brosseau, and the feature film Bucksville. From 1981 to 1982, he was a member of the techno duo Process Blue (Dark Entries Records). 2019 saw the release of "Automaton", a vinyl record of White's experimental and soundtrack music from between 1985 and 1991 (Platform 23 Recordings). White's screenwriting credits include Bucksville (feature), Little Donnie (short), story development for Jingle All the Way (TV special), and the story adaptation based on the original Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer for the SimEx-Iwerks 4D attraction film of the same title. As an actor, Chel White had a role in Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1993), playing a brain surgeon in a scene with Uma Thurman.

Personal life
Since 1985, Chel White has lived in Portland, Oregon.

Filmography

Compilations and feature-length film
The One Minute Mistake, segment: My Perilous Journey Through A.I. (2023)
The Retention Department of Perpetual Exhaustion, segment: Mr. French's Secret (2022)
The One Minute Memoir, segment: Dreams of a Fallen Astronaut (2020)
Filmmakers Unite (FU), segment: Little Donnie (2017)
Bucksville (2012)
The Animation Show, segment: Magda (2007)
Fever Dreams and Heavenly Nightmares: The Short Films of Chel White (2006)
Underground Zero: Part II, segment: New York (2002)
23rd Tournee of Animation, Choreography for Copy Machine (Photocopy Cha Cha) (1991)

Short films
My One Minute Memoir: Dreams of a Fallen Astronaut (2020)
Little Donnie (2017)
Wind (2007)
A Painful Glimpse Into MY Writing Process (In Less Than 60 Seconds) (2005)
Magda (2004)
Eclipse (2003)
New York (2002)
Passage (2001)
Soulmate (2000)
The Beats, the Bomb and the 1950s: Robert Briggs (1999)
Dirt (1998)
Choreography for Copy Machine (Photocopy Cha Cha) (1991)
Machine Song (1987)
Metal Dogs of India (1985)

Videography
Dean Hurley - "No More" (2022)
Tom Brosseau - "Tami" (2014)
Chrystabell and David Lynch - "Bird of Flames" (2012)
Thom Yorke - "Harrowdown Hill" (2006)
Season to Risk - "Blood Ugly" (1994)
Melvins - "Hooch" (1993)
Candlebox - "Change" (1992)

Television
Jingle All the Way (TV special) (2011)
Saturday Night Live / Saturday TV Funhouse Blue Christmas  (2004)
Saturday Night Live / Saturday TV Funhouse The Narrator Who Ruined Christmas (2001)
The PJs / Ghetto Superstars (2000)List of The PJs episodes

 Commercials and Public Service Announcements
American Indian College Fund - One Percent (2015)
Lux (soap) - Provocateur (2006)
Washington State Department of Health - Park and Rec Room (2005)
OfficeMax - Santa's Helper (2005)
Reese's Pieces - Center of Attention (2003) (co-directed with David Daniels)
Fila - Mash (1994)
Memorial Blood Centers - Photocopy Jazz (1992)

AppearancesHistory, Mystery & Odyssey, documentary feature film by Martin Cooper, interviewee (2023)Live Wire Radio, Episode #198, interviewee (November 12, 2012)Art In Context, PBS / KLRU, interviewee (March 15, 2010)The American Avant Garde, interviewee (2004)Exposure, The Sci-Fi Channel (SyFy), interviewee (2000)Oregon Art Beat, Season 2 Episode #219, interviewee (April 5, 2000)Even Cowgirls Get The Blues, acting role as brain surgeon (1993)

Other mediaAnimation Sketchbooks, book, featured artist, Chronicle Books LLC, by Laura Heit (2013)Animation in Process, book, featured artist, London: Laurence King, by Andrew Selby  (2009)

 Fellowships, grants and awards
2008: Oregon Arts Commission, Project Grant, feature film development, Stranded.
2007: Rockefeller Foundation, Media Artist Fellowship, feature film development, Stranded.
2007: SXSW, Best Music Video, Thom Yorke, Harrowdown Hill.
2006: The AICP Show at MoMA, Office Max Santa's Helper, included in The Art and Technique of the American Television Commercial, permanent collection, Museum of Modern Art New York.
2006: Bend Film Festival, Best Short Film, A Painful Glimpse Into My Writing Process (In Less Than 60 Seconds)2005: Regional Arts & Culture Council, Media Artist Fellowship, feature film development.
2005: Ann Arbor Film Festival, EMPA Work Life Award, Magda.
2004: Florida Film Festival, Grand Jury Award for Best Animated Short, Magda.
2001: Creative Capital, feature film screenplay development, Path of Bees.
1998: Stockholm International Film Festival, Best Short Film, Dirt.
1994: The AICP Show at MoMA, Fila Mash, included in the program The Art and Technique of the American Television Commercial, permanent collection, Museum of Modern Art New York.
1992: Ann Arbor Film Festival, Best Animated Film, Choreography for Copy Machine (Photocopy Cha Cha).
1991: Chicago International Film Festival, Nominated for Best Short Film, Winner Gold Plaque for Animation, Choreography for Copy Machine (Photocopy Cha Cha)''.

See also
Joe Frank
David Lynch
Gus Van Sant
Thom Yorke
Tom Brosseau
Joan C. Gratz
David Daniels (filmmaker)
Saturday TV Funhouse
Norman McLaren
Stop motion
Choreography for Copy Machine
Dirt (1998 film)
Magda (2004 film)

References

External links

Official YouTube channel
Official Vimeo channel

 Bent Image Lab
 Animation Show

Living people
American film directors
American animated film directors
American animated film producers
American animators
American music video directors
American male screenwriters
1959 births
American experimental filmmakers
Animation directors
People with epilepsy


Gary Dehan is a British voice actor and current CEO of Vyond. He had a small role in the English version of Sonic the Hedgehog: The Movie, dubbing the voice of the character Hyper Metal Sonic.

Filmography
Sonic the Hedgehog (OVA) - Metal Sonic (credited as "Hyper Metal Sonic")
Sakura Diaries - Additional Voices
Variable Geo - Washio
Queen Emeraldas - Communications Officer
Ninja Resurrection - Musashi's Lookout, Sajuro Date
City Hunter: The Motion Picture - Professor Muto, Cop, Soldier
Sakura Wars - Demon, Limo Driver
Tekken: The Motion Picture - Thug 3
Metal Angel Marie - John, Additional Voices
Legend of Crystania - Captain Of The Sacred World, Garudi's Messenger, Sumash
Adventures of Kotetsu - Punk DKMY
Ninja Resurrection 2: Hell's Spawn - Godayu Toda
801 T.T.S. Airbats - Dream radio operator/Male cadet
Maps - Distressed Caller
Black Lion: Fear the Black Lion - Nobunaga
City Hunter: Bay City Wars - Additional Voices
City Hunter: Million Dollar Conspiracy - Additional Voices Commando, Civilian
City Hunter: .357 Magnum - Commando, Civilian
Shuten Doji: The Star Hand Kid 1 - Ketsumei Dolt

Miscellaneous Crew

Sakura Wars - (dubbing director: English)
Black Lion: Fear The Black Lion (ADR director/ADR script)

Producer
Black Lion: Fear the Black Lion

Other Jobs

 CEO of Vyond (currently as of 2018)

References

External links

Living people
British male voice actors
Place of birth missing (living people)
British voice directors
1962 births
Actors from Windsor, Berkshire


Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas (originally Nuevo Estadio de Vallecas and previously Estadio Teresa Rivero) is a football stadium in the Madrid district of Puente de Vallecas, Spain. It currently hosts football matches and is the home of Primera Division club Rayo Vallecano. The stadium holds 14,708 spectators and was opened on 10 May 1976. It was constructed between 1972 and 1976, and it is also known by the names of Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas and Estadio Puente de Vallecas (The Bridge of Vallecas Stadium).

2018 temporary closure
On 27 August 2018 the stadium was temporarily prohibited from hosting football matches, until improvements had been made, as parts of the stadium were judged to be unsafe by its owners, the Community of Madrid.

Miscellaneous
Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas was the venue for the 1940 Copa del Generalísimo Final, as the Copa del Rey was known during caudillo Franco's Francoist State. It was the home stadium of Racing de Madrid, from the neighboring city of Chamberí, and its successor, Agrupación Recreativa Chamberí. Atlético Madrid also played their home matches at the venue between 1939 and 1943 after the Spanish Civil War, as their stadium, the Metropolitan, was destroyed by the war.

Rayo Vallecano stadiums over time:

The chess federation of Madrid is based in the basements of the stadium. There is also a well known boxing gym called "El Rayo".

On 3 August 1986, the British rock band Queen performed at the stadium as part of The Magic Tour. It was the third from last concert of the band with the original members.

References

External links
Estadios de España
Stadiumguide profile

Teresa Rivero
Teresa Rivero
Buildings and structures in Puente de Vallecas District, Madrid
Sports venues completed in 1976


The Battle of Tetovo (, ), was the largest engagement during the 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia, in which Macedonian security forces battled Albanian insurgents of the National Liberation Army for control of the city.

Prelude
Tetovo is a large city in Macedonia, the majority of whose citizens are ethnic Albanians.
During the break up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, over 2,000 ethnic Albanians marched through Tetovo demanding secession from the Socialist Republic of Macedonia and unity with Albania. Self-determination of an ethnic minority within a state was not a right under the Socialist Republic of Macedonia's constitution, and protesting their lack of representation under the constitution of a new Republic of Macedonia, the Albanians of Macedonia boycotted the referendum on independence from Yugoslavia and were thus excluded from almost any representation in the new government. Tetovo became headquarters of the new Albanian political parties, which were regarded as unconstitutional by the Republic of Macedonia. Tensions worsened, Tetovo, along with the city of Gostivar, took in and sheltered several thousands of Bosnian Muslim refugees from 1992 until the end of the Bosnian war. Prior to the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia over Kosovo, Tetovo became the rear supply base for the Kosovo Liberation Army, and then later home to over 100,000 Kosovar refugees from the Kosovo war. Gligorov's plan to re-allocate the Kosovar refugees to Albania via refugee corridor through Macedonia had been abandoned, and the refugees began to gather in Tetovo, Gostivar and the western Albanian dominated towns during the late summer months. The KLA began to use the Tetovo hospital to treat the wounded combatants. As the ethnic Albanian unofficial capital in Macedonia, Tetovo was crowded with refugees from Kosovo and was deeply involved in the munitions supply to the KLA.

The Albanian-dominated town of Tetovo had been deeply involved in the Kosovo war since the spring of 1998, and some leading KLA officials came from Tetovo, such as Bardhyl Mahmuti. Many educated Albanians in Tetovo under 50 years of age had attended Pristina University before it was purged of ethnic Albanian teachers in the early 1990s. Before 1991 Kosovo and Macedonia formed part of Yugoslavia which meant unrestricted access between the entities.

In 1997, Alajdin Demiri, the mayor of Tetovo, was jailed for raising the double headed eagle flag of Albania from Tetovo town hall and by 2000 the outbreak of hostilities in Tanusevci had spilled into the towns of Tetovo and Gostivar. With the formation of an insurgency, the National Liberation Front (NLA) began seizing territory in and around the Tetovo area. Skirmishes between the insurgency and government forces became commonplace in other portions of the country.

The Macedonian forces, numbering more than 3,000, held a limited amount of armour and artillery. Reportedly, they possessed a number of armoured personnel carriers, 105 mm and 122 mm Howitzers, ex-Bulgarian T-55 tanks. The bulk of their force consisted of reservists at the brink of conflict. These numbers were to rapidly rise in the following months as the military expenditures of Macedonia quadrupled to almost 7% of GDP,  which resulted in major purchases of military hardware mainly from Ukraine and Bulgaria, and the mobilisation of special police forces like the Lions and Tigers. By the height of the conflict, the whole 1st Mechanized Brigade was stationed in and around Tetovo municipality.

The NLA, a mainly guerrilla force, had only an assortment of rockets, assault weapons, and mortars. However, they had the advantage of concealed positions in the mountains ringing the city. Weapons and supplies found their way from Kosovo to the frontlines over the Šar Mountains through horse caravans. Mounts Baltepe and Kale were  major strongpoints, both of which held ancient fortresses left over from the Ottoman Empire. The rebels constructed a series of trenches and bunkers in defence.

Battle

Opening phase
During the afternoon of 14 March, ethnic Albanians held a nationalist rally in town. Around this time, machine gun fire opened up on Macedonian police from the Baltepes hill. The confrontation in Tetovo began when about 15 rebels opened fire with rifles in the suburb of Kale about 1.2 miles north of the city centre and in the nearby village of Selce. The NLA proceeded to engage Macedonian forces with sniper fire and mortar attacks.

The first civilian death was an Albanian taxi driver who was killed on the first day of the rebellion in the old Ottoman neighbourhood of Koltuk when the police opened fire with machine guns indiscriminately, even though the main fighting at the time was taking place 1.2 miles away, beyond the Kale, the fortress above the city, in the village of Lavce.

Fifteen Macedonian police and a NATO German soldier were also wounded when joint barracks in the outskirts of the town where hit by mortar fire. The next day, the German Ministry of Defence moved in two Leopard 2 tanks from Prizren, in Kosovo, in order to protect the base. Half of the 1,200 German troops were evacuated to another location eight kilometers away. By 20 March, another 400 KFOR German combat troops equipped with Marder armoured vehicles and more Leopard II tanks had been deployed to Tetovo. Civilians continued on with their daily business, but the streets became empty. Cafes and shops were deserted and electricity was cut off to part of the town. For the cafes that remained open, it was common to see some people taking the risk of watching gun battles.

In the battle for Tetovo, the Macedonian Army was frequently outmanoeuvred by the highly mobile guerrillas and their military leader, Gezim Ostreni. Born in Debar in western Macedonia, Ostreni was a veteran who had served in the Yugoslav Army and until April 2001 was a deputy commander in the Kosovo Protection Corps. Ostreni, like many ethnic Albanians, saw no future for themselves in the post-independence Macedonian Army whose officer corps was dominated by Macedonians.

On 21 March, the two sides witnessed a brief cease fire. The day was quiet without a single shot. By this point in time, however, thousands of residents had fled the city. Those whom remained pressed on with life as best as they could while both factions licked their wounds. It was also on this day that the Macedonian army scaled Kale Hill under cover of artillery and gunfire.

On 22 March, after two months of sporadic violence, two Albanians were gunned down near the football stadium in the eastern districts. The two men approached a Macedonian checkpoint in a white car, and tossed a device to the policemen. The men were shot immediately. Western and Albanian media reported that Macedonian forces mistook a cellphone for an explosive device, though it was later established that it was, indeed, a hand grenade. Images of the dead men became famous, marking the insurgency's first martyrs and bringing Macedonia's violence to the world spotlight.

The Macedonians proceeded to beef up their security forces and deployed T-55 tanks in support.

In Tetovo's old town, a sandbag checkpoint near the Church of St. Nicholas suffered frequent shelling from houses in the highlands. Over the next few days, several skirmishes broke out throughout the hills. A Macedonian Mi-17 helicopter crashed while ferrying police forces to a ski resort on the outskirts of town, killing the pilot and wounding 16 policemen. Most of the rebels held out on Baltepe Mountain. From the Koltak district, Macedonian forces poured fire onto Albanian positions. This was often returned with machine gun, sniper, and mortar fire.

A series of blasts was clearly visible in the hills above Tetovo as terrified residents scurried for cover below. The hills had been occupied by Albanian guerrilla forces for the past week. The Macedonian army was firing indiscriminately and several of the rising columns of smoke came from civilian houses. There was no word on casualties, but the risk to civilians was high. The hills around Tetovo are dotted with houses and it was not clear if they had all been evacuated. The NLA stood their ground.

A short time after the start of the Government offensive, the Macedonian army issued an ultimatum, giving the NLA 24 hours to cease hostilities and surrender, or leave Macedonia. After the deadline, Macedonian security forces continued using all their means against positions of the rebels. The Macedonian onslaught began just hours after the rebels offered to join peace talks.

Staunch resistance by 100 NLA fighters cornered in the Gracani area after the Tetovo fighting continued to harass the ARM, whose infantry units seemed extremely reluctant to engage in an open battle.

Operation MH

Operation MH was the first Macedonian offensive planned and executed to clear out the rebels after weeks of skirmishes with the NLA. It began on March 25 with a combined assault by Macedonian Army and Police forces in the city of Tetovo and the surrounding villages which resulted with the routing of NLA forces and their removal from the Tetovo area, the NLA called it a tactical retreat. The offensive ended two days later with the Macedonian security forces taking control of the city, the fortified medieval fortress and the surrounding villages.

Vejce ambush

Macedonian Army soldiers were attacked near the village of Vejce, nine miles north of Tetovo. Stevo Pendarovski, the Interior Ministry spokesman, said "Eight are killed and two are injured. They were fired at with machine guns and rocket launchers. Macedonian forces responded, and the attackers withdrew. The situation is quiet now. It was an isolated incident." The assumption was premature. The slaying of the eight commandos, which was an enormous loss for a country of only two million people, provoked the first civilian backlash by Macedonians grouped in sinister new paramilitary style, 'self-defence' organisations in the southern city of Bitola, 170 kilometres (120 miles) south of Skopje, from where four of the dead soldiers came. Ethnic Macedonian crowds looted and set fire to Albanian shops.

Second phase
On 6 June another cease-fire was initiated, which lasted eighteen days before being broken by the NLA. Just before noon on 22 July, machine gun and small arms fire shattered the silence once again. As United States and European envoys met with President Boris Trajkovski in Skopje on 23 July, the battle reached Tetovo's suburbs.

On 23 July, the Macedonians used ex-Ukrainian Mi-24 helicopters for the first time in the conflict, responding to Albanian mortar fire that wounded 20 civilians in the Koltuk area. Despite the addition of these new helicopters and superior firepower, the army was not experienced at counterinsurgency operations and resorted to sledgehammer tactics. With the hills and mountains behind the city and dozens of Albanian-populated villages to count on for support, the rebels knew they were in a strong position in Tetovo.

On 24 July the Macedonian government issued an ultimatum demanding the NLA retreat from their positions in Tetovo and the villages which they took during the ceasefire or face an all out attack. The rebel's abuse of the NATO brokered ceasefire to gain territory and the international observers criticizing of the Macedonian government for using disproportionate force against the rebels prompted the Macedonian government to accuse NATO of siding with the rebels.

The NLA would continue to abuse ceasefires to gain ground in the north of Tetovo as Harald Schenker in a report for OSCE would state:

In the Drenovac district, rebels and government forces fought heavily for the town's sports stadium. The fall of the stadium and government checkpoint left the rebels within fifty yards of the city center. Residents of the areas were instructed to leave their homes by Macedonian forces.

During the fierce fighting that engulfed Tetovo from 22 to 24 July, a 12-year-old Albanian girl, Jehina Saliu, was mortally wounded in Poroj. The shelling of Poroj killed nine civilians on 23 July alone. Jeff Bieley, a journalist who was covering the conflict, found himself trapped in a basement in the village during the bombardment. It was held by the NLA in as much as police could not go there, he recalled, 'but it was mainly a civilian target.' Thirteen civilians and five government soldiers were injured. Macedonian government forces also shelled villages surrounding Tetovo, which were under control of Albanian rebels.

On July 25 things in the city calmed down as the rebels were fortifying their positions

On July 26 the NLA agreed to pull back to their original positions before the ceasefire amid Macedonian government threats that refusal would lead to a full scale offensive in a new NATO brokered ceasefire

On July 30 the Macedonian government accused the rebels of violating the new ceasefire by staying at the positions they captured during the past week which the NLA denied but was confirmed by international observers who spotted the Rebels in uniform and civilian clothing. This prevented the return of the Macedonian refugees that had left the villages during the fighting. International observers also witnessed ethnic Macedonian homes being set alight by the NLA in the village of Tearce.

Final phase
The Ohrid peace negotiations finally came into play on 8 August. By then, Tetovo was practically a ghost city, most of its residents having fled the fighting. On 12 August 2001, ten ethnic Albanians in the village of Ljuboten were killed by government forces – evidently in revenge for the slaying of eight Macedonian commandos blown up by land mines and ten other soldiers killed in an NLA ambush. The eight soldiers were killed, and eight others were wounded, on the morning of 10 August, when a Macedonian military truck ran over two anti-tank mines on a remote country road on the Skopska Crna Gorna mountain just north of Skopje.

Ljuboten also gave an international profile for the first time to Ljube Boskovski, the hardline Interior Minister who is a hero to many ordinary Macedonians but a simple-minded warlord in the eyes of many ethnic Albanians. President Trajkovski dismissed the Macedonian Army Chief of Staff, General Pande Petrovski, on 9 August, following the attack on the convoy. Petrovski had told Macedonia's National Security Council that he 'would take responsibility' for the casualties. His deputy, General Metodij Stamboliski, replaced him. This was the fourth time that the armed forces command had changed hands in less than two months, another telling sign of the Macedonian Army's inability to cope with the rebellion.

The next day, the rebels attacked Macedonian army barracks in central Tetovo, sending black plumes of smoke above the northern and southwestern suburbs. Part of the barracks and an armored personnel carrier were set on fire in the fighting. The NLA attacked the army barracks in the city of Tetovo with machine guns and grenade launchers, killing an army soldier. The Macedonian National Security Council, in response, authorized another offensive against the NLA. Macedonian forces concentrated their attack around the suburb of Teqe, of which a graveyard separated both factions.

Aftermath
On 13 August, Macedonian and Albanian representatives signed the Ohrid Agreement, ending most of the fighting. Over the next few months, NATO and Macedonian troops worked to disarm the NLA, which ceded power after the thirty-day Operation Essential Harvest.

As a result of the fighting, the Red Cross estimated that 76,000 people fled their homes. Though the major violence ended on the 13th, skirmishes and harassment remained common throughout the Tetovo area. On 14 August, A Macedonian policeman was shot dead by suspected ethnic Albanian rebels in Tetovo, puncturing the fragile ceasefire declared on Sunday as part of a plan to end the six-month rebellion and pave the way for the disarmament of the guerrilla National Liberation Army. An NLA commander said a civilian had been injured in the shooting at the Drenovec checkpoint in a Tetovo suburb. He accused police of opening fire.

A western ambassador in Skopje cautioned that NATO force would most likely remain for a while after the disarmament process as the Albanian youths have had a taste of a successful insurgency. Part of the guerrilla group feels very sure of itself and might not surrender its weapons.

On 12 November, three Macedonian police officers were ambushed and killed in the village of Trebos.

See also
Operation Essential Harvest
Operation MH - 2
Operation Vaksince
Prizren incident (1999)

References

Bibliography
 Diary of an Uncivil War, by Scott Taylor, Esprit de Corps Books (22 February 2002).
 Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans, by John Phillips, I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2004.

External links
 Georgiev, Marko, "Tetovo, Macedonia, March 20, 2001: Apocalypse Now" (blog). Accessed 14 December 2010.
 "Rebel army on the hillsides", CNN (21 March 2001).
 Huggler, Justin (19 March 2001). "'My father was a fighter. It is in Albanian blood. I am not afraid. We will fight'", The Independent.
 Phillips, James T. (9 August 2001). "Report from Tetovo: The Road to War," NewsInsider.org. Accessed 14 December 2010.
 Seraphinoff, Michael (21 July 2002).  "Confronting Ethnic Cleansing in Tetovo, Macedonia," MakNews.com. Accessed 14 December 2010.
 Huggler (16 March 2001). "Albanian rebels take their battle to the streets," (originally in the Independent,) Peacelink.it listserve. Accessed 14 Dec 2010.
 "Battle for Tetovo rages", CNN (9 August 2001).
 "Mountain battle in Macedonia", CNN (22 May 2001).
 Kujundzic, Lidija. Trans. Lazovic, S. (23 March 2001) "Battle for Tetovo." Accessed 14 December 2010.
 "Attack choppers join Macedonian battle", CBC News (24 March 2001)
 Martin, Susan Taylor (22 March 2001). "Tetovo's residents watch, wait for war", St. Petersburg Times.
 Deliso, Christopher (18 April 2002) "Macedonian Tortured in Tetovo Village, As Gang War Rages," antiwar.com. Accessed 14 December 2010.
 Deliso (25 January 2002) "On the Front Lines in Tetovo," antiwar.com. Accessed 14 December 2010.

Conflicts in 2001
Modern history of North Macedonia
2001 in the Republic of Macedonia
2001 insurgency in Macedonia
Battles involving Germany


The Guiding 2010 Centenary consisted of celebrations around the world in which Girl Guides and Girl Scouts celebrated 100 years of the world Guide and Scout movement. It took place over three years, 2010-2012, reflecting the founding dates of many World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts member organisations.

National Guide and Scout movements added local celebrations to the international ones.

Centenary Celebration Days
There were three Centenary Celebration Days. On 10 April each year, celebrations were  held around the world under a unifying theme. The theme for 2010 was plant. The theme for 2011 was grow, and the theme for 2012 was share.

Girlguiding UK
Girlguiding UK started its Centenary celebrations on 4 September 2009. The Centenary Camp was held from 2010-07-31 to 2010-08-07 at Harewood House. In September 2009, a maze to celebrate the beginnings of Guiding at Crystal Palace opened in Crystal Palace Park.

The tall ship Lord Nelson made a 100-day voyage around the coast of the UK to celebrate the centenary. The Lord Nelson set sail from Glasgow on 7 June 2010. She called at Oban, Aberdeen, Newcastle, Boston, London, Chatham, Portsmouth, Falmouth, Milford Haven and Whitehaven. At each port she took on new crew, many of whom had never sailed before.

Girl Guides Australia
Girl Guides Australia celebrated 100 years of Guiding across Australia from September 2009 to February 2011.

The Australian Centenary Event (ACE) was held 3–9 January 2010 just outside Melbourne, Victoria. It was an international camp for 2500 girls, with another 500-700 leaders attending. Pippa Penguin was the mascot for ACE. ACE was to be held at Britannia Park, but was moved after high risk of bushfire.

Other nationwide Centenary events included simultaneous 100 Downunder activities on 23 May and Promise renewals on 10-10-10 at 10am.

The Australian Government named 2010 the 'Year of the Girl Guide' in honour of the centenary celebrations.  They also issued a commemorative $1 coin into circulation as well as 3 postage stamps to celebrate the event.

The Chain of Campfires event was held on 19 June. Units across Australia lit campfires between 5pm and 9pm.

Girl Guides of Canada
Guiding Mosaic 2010 was held from 8–17 July at Guelph Lake Conservation Area in Southern Ontario. Over 2,500 girls and women attended the camp. Participants came from across Canada as well as from many countries, including Australia, Bangladesh, Jamaica, Japan, New Zealand and the United States.

Girl Scouts of Korea

The Girl Scouts of Korea (GSK) hosted the 13th Girl Scout International Camp in commemoration of the Centenary of Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting, from 25 to 31 July 2011 at Goseong World Jamboree campsite, Gangwon, Korea.

Girl Scouts of the USA 2012 Centennial
GSUSA is in contact with museums, businesses and organizations to join with the Girl Scouts in showcasing Girl Scouts. GSUSA will have celebratory T-shirts and accessories, including jewelry and hats embellished with the 100th Anniversary logo available by mid-2011.

President Barack Obama signed the "Girl Scouts of the USA Commemorative Coin Act" for the 100th Anniversary celebration. The act authorized the minting of 350,000 silver dollar coins in honor of Girl Scouts and the achievements of the 50 million women influenced by Girl Scouting during the last 100 years.

The celebration of the Anniversary will be kicked off by participating in the world-famous Pasadena, California Rose Parade of 2012, featuring the GSUSA 100th Anniversary float. A multi-award winning float design company is donating their services to design the float, which will be constructed and decorated totally by GSUSA Volunteers of all ages.

Colorado is staging a vigorous campaign to create a special license plate to honor the Girl Scout Centennial. The campaign has gone national with the Girl Scouts asking for votes at their website.

Girl Guides of Malaysia
Throughout 2016, the national association and its branches have held several events to celebrate 100 years of girl guiding since 1917.

Postage stamps
Many countries have issued postage stamps honouring the Guiding and Girl Scouting's centenary. These include:

Jersey on 12 January 2010
United Kingdom on 2 February 2010
Guernsey on 27 May 2010
Canada on 8 July 2010
Australia on 31 August 2010
USA on 9 June 2012
Malaysia on 9 December 2016

Coins
Many countries have issued coins honouring the Guiding and Girl Scouting's centenary. These include:
United Kingdom on 8 February 2010
Australia in June 2010
Malaysia on 6 June 2016

See also
Scouting 2007 Centenary

References

Scouting events
2010 in international relations


Estadi Montilivi is a multi-use stadium in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is used mostly for football matches and serves as the home ground of Girona FC. It was built and opened in 1970.Montilivi has a capacity of 14,624.

History
The side stand of the Montilivi Stadium was completed in June 2010, seven months behind schedule. Since the entrances were still not finished, the stadium was not open for public use in the 2009–10 season. On March 2, 2011, it was able to hold the first match with the side stands, and 9,285 spectators attended.

On March 12, 2012, Girona City Council ceded the field to Girona FC for 30 years, renewable to 50 in total.

After their first ever promotion to La Liga, Girona expanded the stadium for hosting 13,450 spectators. Later, its capacity was reduced to 11,810.

Girona added the Montilivi Stadium to the list of stadia as part of the Iberian candidacy for the 2018 World Cup; however, months before the official list of football stadia that would make up the candidacy was published, Girona FC withdrew it, understanding that it had little chance of being chosen.

Notable matches

References

External links
Stadium information
Estadios de Espana

Football venues in Catalonia
Girona FC
1970 establishments in Catalonia
Sports venues completed in 1970


Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Been is an album by folk artist "Spider" John Koerner released in 1986. The album was recorded in one evening at Creation Audio studios in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, music critic Richard Meyer wrote, "Spider John Koerner sings and plays (12-string guitar) with a knowing but commanding casual authority that brings this material to life brilliantly. The music jumps out of the speaker so effortlessly you can appreciate the fun and dark side of these old songs."

Track listing
All songs traditional unless otherwise noted.
 "Cotton-Eyed Joe" – 0:38
 "Sail Away Ladies" – 2:54
 "Acres of Clams" – 4:10
 "Black Dog" – 3:28
 "Froggie Went a-Courtin'" – 4:16
 "The Old Chisholm Trail" – 3:22
 "The Leather-Winged Bat" – 2:12
 "Red Apple Juice" – 3:12
 "Worried Rambler" (John Koerner) –  3:58
 "What's a Matter with the Mill" – 2:29
 "Shenandoah" – 3:02
 "The Roving Gambler" – 2:41
 "St. James Infirmary" (Joe Primrose, traditional) – 3:08
 "Irene" (Lead Belly, Alan Lomax) –  3:00
 "Cotton-Eyed Joe (Reprise)" – 0:42

Personnel
"Spider" John Koerner – guitar, harmonica, vocals
John "Mr. Bones" Burrell – percussion
Tony Glover – harmonica on "The Leather-Winged Bat" and "Red Apple Juice"
Dakota Dave Hull – guitar
Willie Murphy – bass
Peter Ostroushko – mandolin
Chip Taylor Smith – fiddle
Butch Thompson – piano
Production notes
Dakota Dave Hull – producer
Eric Peltoniemi – executive producer
Steve Wiese – engineer
Gregg Vershay – photography
George Ostroushko – artwork, design
Marge Ostroushko – assistant producer
Dan Corrigan – photography
John Hanson – design

References

External links
John Koerner discography

1986 albums
John Koerner albums


The Stade de la Rabine is a multi-purpose stadium in Vannes, France. It is currently used by Vannes OC and Rugby Club Vannes. The stadium is able to hold 11,303 spectators.

The stadium was used as a venue for the 2013 IRB Junior World Championship, which was won by England. It also hosted the opening match, semifinals, third-place match, and final of the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. On February 3, 2019, it hosted a Six Nations Under 20s Championship match between France and Wales, with France winning 32–10.

References

External links
Venue information

Rabine
Rabine
Vannes OC
Sports venues in Morbihan
Sport in Vannes
Sports venues completed in 2001
21st-century architecture in France


Wilcox Central High School (WCHS or Wilcox), is a public high school in Camden, Alabama. Part of the Wilcox County School District, it serves as the only public high school in Wilcox County. More than 600 students were enrolled for the 2010–2011 school year. The student body is predominantly African American. Many white students in the area attend Wilcox Academy.Wilcox Central open doors with the first graduating class in 1990. Converting Wilcox County High , PineHill High & W. J. Jones High School .The Wilcox Central Alumni nicknamed the School “the Jungle “because of the Jaguar Mascot.

Athletics
Jaguars are the school.mascot and sports include: varsity/junior varsity girls and boys basketball, varsity boys baseball, varsity girls softball, and varsity boys football.  The Wilcox-Central varsity boys basketball has won 2 past 5A State Championships in 2000 and 2003. They also have a state title in 1985 and one from the early years of the 20 and 30s. In the 2006-07 year Wilcox lost to John Carroll 49–44 in State Regional semifinals. Then in 2007-08 lost to Parker High School also in the State Regional semifinals in Montgomery.

Clubs
School clubs include AFJROTC, BETA Club, Drama Club, Future Business Leaders of America, Future Farmers of America, HOSA, Library/Book Club, Science Club, SGA, VICA.

Alumni
 Jeff Sessions - US Senator and Attorney General
 Antoine Pettway - Kennesaw State basketball head coach and former professional basketball player

References

Public high schools in Alabama
Schools in Wilcox County, Alabama


The 1932 German football championship, the 25th edition of the competition, ended with the first national title for FC Bayern Munich. The title was won with a 2–0 over Eintracht Frankfurt. It was a replay of the Southern German championship final, in which Eintracht had defeated Bayern 2–0 on 24 April 1932.

For both clubs it was their first appearance in the German final. While Bayern, the winner, never appeared in another one, Eintracht made up for the 1932 loss by winning the 1959 final.

To qualify for the national championship, a team needed to win or finish runners-up in one of the seven regional championships. On top of those 14 clubs, the two strongest regions, West and South were allowed to send a third team each. In the West, this was the local cup winner while in the South, the third placed team of the championship received this place.

Qualified teams
The teams qualified through the regional championships:

Competition

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Top goalscorers
The top scorer of the competition:

References

Sources
 Süddeutschlands Fussball in Tabellenform 1897 - 1988, by Ludolf Hyll, page 96 - German championship 1932
 kicker Allmanach 1990, by kicker, page 164 & 177 - German championship

External links
 German Championship 1931–32 at weltfussball.de
 German Championship 1932 at RSSSF

1
German
German football championship seasons


Vicente Teódulo Mendoza Gutiérrez (1894 in Cholula, Puebla – 1964 in Mexico City) was a Mexican musicologist, composer and artist. He is best known for his studies on the Mexican corrido.

In 1907 when Vicente T. Mendoza was 13 years old, he went to Mexico City where he studied piano and composition at the National Conservatory. At the same time he studied drawing. Between 1912 and 1930 he worked as a topographer. Later on, he taught solfege at the Conservatory. His main interest rests in Mexican folklore and music paleography. Along with the collaboration of Daniel Castañeda he compiled a treatise of precolumbian instruments, published in 1937 under the name Instrumental Precortesiano. He also published a comparative study of the Spanish romance and Mexican corrido El Romance Español y el Corrido Mexicano in 1939. As a composer, he arranged Mexican popular folk songs.

Sources

Slonimsky, Nicolas. Music of Latin America

Mexican musicologists
Academic staff of the National Conservatory of Music of Mexico
1964 deaths
1894 births
20th-century musicologists


The Women's 100m T13 had its competition held on September 16, with the first round at 9:15 and the Final at 18:18.

Medalists

Results

References
Round 1 - Heat 1
Round 1 - Heat 2
Round 1 - Heat 3
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


is a beach near Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, which goes from Koyurugimisaki Cape, near Fujisawa, to Inamuragasaki Cape, west of Kamakura. Since from it one could enjoy a clear view of both Mount Fuji and Enoshima at the same time, during the Edo period it was popular as a subject for ukiyo-e. For example, famous ukiyo-e artists Hiroshige and Hokusai both include it in their 36 Views of Mount Fuji. Its dark sands are rich in iron ore which allowed Kamakura to become a florid center for the production of swords and knives. Its name is usually translated into English as "Seven Ri Beach", the ri being a unit of measurement.

Unlike its easterly neighbor Yuigahama, its floor drops too quickly, so it is not very popular as a sea resort, but surfers are present in every season. Since 1939 it is administratively part of the City of Kamakura. The area is served by the Enoshima Electric Railway, or Enoden, which connects Kamakura Station in Kamakura with Fujisawa Station.

Etymology of the name
The beach's name means "Seven Ri Beach", where a ri is an old Japanese unit of measurement equivalent to , and therefore Shichirigahama should be about  long. In fact, it is just over one tenth of that length. The origin of the name is unknown, and many hypothetical etymologies exist. According to a passage of the Shinpen Kamakurashi, it comes from the  (a term usually shortened into just Shichiri), which was an Edo period messenger service on the Kantōdō highway with a horseman change every seven "ri". However, since the expression shichiri also meant "a long ride", the name could also just mean that the beach is very long. Shichirigahama has also been called ,  and .

History
Although not part of Kamakura proper since it lies outside the city's Seven Entrances, the entire area from Katase to Inamuragasaki represents a historically important area just outside the former military capital. According to the Azuma Kagami and the Shinpen Kamakurashi, Shichirigahama was the Kamakura shogunate's execution ground. It was also the scene of many battles, and records show that in the Edo period bones and rusty weapons were still being recovered from its sand.

Minamoto no Yoshitsune's letter from Koshigoe

Minamoto no Yoritomo's famous younger half-brother Yoshitsune, celebrated in Japan in Noh and Kabuki plays for both his bravery and his death, served the shōgun faithfully for years, leading the Minamoto clan in defeating the Taira clan, but for several reasons couldn't avoid a confrontation with him. After some victories, he tried to enter Kamakura, but was stopped at Koshigoe by a letter from Hōjō Tokimasa. He waited fruitlessly about 20 days at Koshigoe's Manpuku-ji, near Shichirigahama, then dictated to his attendant Benkei a letter for Yoritomo destined to become famous, the "Letter from Koshigoe", in which he complained that he had never betrayed his brother, but to the contrary had always faithfully served him. He had won for him important victories, but had received nothing but reproach and diffidence in return. Yoritomo didn't relent, so Yoshitsune gave up and left Koshigoe for Kyoto. The letter originally appears in the Azuma Kagami and is not believed to have been penned by Yoshitsune. It probably does however reflect his true feelings.

The feud between brothers continued until a fugitive Yoshitsune was forced to kill himself. His six-week-old head preserved in liquor was then brought to the shōgun, who accepted it in Koshigoe in 1182. Yoshitsune is enshrined in Shirahata Jinja in Fujisawa.

Inamuragasaki

Emperor loyalist Nitta Yoshisada in 1333 invaded Kamakura, deposing its Regent Hōjō Takatoki and ending the 145-year old Kamakura shogunate. According to the legend, being unable to defeat Kamakura defenses on land, he went down to Shichirigahama and, at the impassable cape of Inamuragasaki, prayed to the god Ryūjin to withdraw the waves and let him through.

The stele at , the tiny bay west of Inamuragaki, reads:
666 years ago on May 21, 1333 Nitta Yoshisada, judging Kamakura's invasion on land to be difficult, decided to try to bypass this cape. This is the place where, according to tradition, he threw his golden sword into the waves, praying to the sea-god to withdraw them and let him pass. (Stele erected in 1917)

Nichiren in Shichirigahama
 Nichiren Buddhism was born in Kamakura, and the city is rich in places tied to both Nichiren and his life. Several of them are in Shichirigahama. This is because one of the shogunate's execution grounds was in Katase near Fujisawa in the spot where now Ryūkō-ji is, so, when Nichiren was condemned to death, he had to be brought there. Nichiren had been condemned for having written his Risshō Ankoku Ron, judged to be subversive by authorities. A miracle however saved him, because when he was about to be beheaded (an event known to Nichiren's followers as the ), lightning struck his executioner. Nichiren was ultimately pardoned and an order was sent to Katase to stop the execution.

Reikō-ji
 and its  were the scene of one of Nichiren's miracles. In a period of extreme drought, after the famous priest Ninshō had already failed he successfully prayed the gods for rain. For this reason, the pond is also known as .

Nichiren's pine tree
The so-called  was a pine tree on the road to Katase from which Nichiren hanged his kesa (a Buddhist stole) while on his way to Ryūkō-ji so that it wouldn't be soiled by his blood. The original pine tree died long ago, and has been replaced many times by the faithful. Today, however, there is no pine tree and only a stele is left.

Yukiaibashi Bridge
The  is a small bridge near Enoden's Shichirigahama's station built on the spot where a messenger carrying Nichiren's pardon met the messenger bound in the opposite direction to announce his miraculous salvation.

Koyurugimisaki
At the western end of the beach another cape, similar in size and shape to Inamuragasaki, juts into the sea. It's called  ("Small Movement Cape"), and on it stands a small Shinto shrine called Koyurugi Jinja. Once again, the origin of its unusual name is unknown.

One legend says that, during the Edo period, on it stood a pine tree which shook even when there was no wind, producing an extremely pleasant sound as if a celestial creature was playing an instrument. According to another, the founder of the shrine, who was a Kamakura period samurai called Sasaki Moritsuna, saw the pine tree move very slightly and emit sounds like those of a koto, so he gave the cape its name.

Nitta Yoshisada stopped at Koyurugi Jinja in 1333 to pray for victory. Having won, he came back to offer a sword and some money to the shrine, with which the shinden was later restored. The shrine used to be called  from the name of Koshigoe's tutelary spirit (), but its name was changed during the shinbutsu bunri (the forced separation of Buddhism and Shinto in temples and shrines) in the Meiji era. Later, in 1909, it was fused with another shrine, and for that reason it now enshrines kami Takeminakata no Mikoto.

Notes

References

A Guide to Kamakura, Manpukuji accessed on October 19, 2008

Beaches of Japan
Kamakura, Kanagawa
Landforms of Kanagawa Prefecture


The Saxony duck () is a German breed of domestic duck. It was bred in Saxony in the 1930s, but because of the Second World War was recognised only in 1957.

History

The Saxony was bred in the 1930s by Albert Franz of Chemnitz, in the Free State of Saxony, by cross-breeding German Pekin, Blue Pomeranian and Rouen birds, and was first shown at  in 1934. Almost all of the original stock was lost during World War II. After the War, Franz started breeding again from the remaining stock.

The Saxony was officially recognised in East Germany in 1957, in West Germany in 1958. Birds were taken to Switzerland in 1965 and to France in 1968. The Saxony was recognised in the United Kingdom in 1982. Some were imported to the United States by David Holderread in 1984; the Saxony was admitted to the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 2000.

In 2013 the total number in Germany was 1173. In North America, the breed is listed as "threatened" by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy.

Characteristics

The Saxony is a heavy duck: drakes weigh about , ducks about  It is muscular and close-feathered. Physically, the Saxony resembles the Silver Appleyard. The head is oval-shaped and is moderately large. The Saxony has a deep, full breast with plenty of width that is carried across the back of the bird and extends towards the tail. The abdomen is broad and full, free of keel development as seen in exhibition-type Rouen ducks. The body is held at about 25° to the horizontal.

The Saxony has only one colour variety, buff-blue mallard: the drake has a greyish-blue head, white neck-ring, and rust- or chestnut-coloured breast feathers; the duck is a rich, light buff colour with two white stripes on each side of the face, one over the eye and the other from the eye towards the beak. Both drakes and ducks have a yellowish bill and orange legs and feet, although the standard specifies dark yellow.

The Saxony forages well and is straightforward to rear.

Use

The Saxony is a dual-purpose breed, reared both for its eggs and for the table. Ducks lay approximately 80 or 100 eggs per year. The eggs are white and weigh some

Note

References

Duck breeds
Duck breeds originating in Germany
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
Culture of Saxony


Marcel·lí Perelló i Domingo () born in (Barcelona in 1897? - died Mexico City 1961) was a Catalan guerrilla politician and  newspaper writer. He was  the first Secretary of Estat Català. He was part of a plot against the Spanish Throne, was imprisoned and exiled to Mexico.

The Plot of Garraf
He was son of Frederic Perelló i Arnús and Magdalena Domingo i Selma, he was the commander of the Catalan State squads escamots d'Estat Català and belonged to Black Flag (Bandera Negra). He directed the Plot of Garraf that, in 1925, intended to kill Alfonso XIII and all his family, placing an explosive device at Garraf railway, where the royal train would pass by. A traitor caused the plot to fail, and Perelló and his fellows were condemned to death. Later, their sentences were commuted to life because the authorities did not want them to become martyrs. When the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera fell in 1930, they were set free.

Family
While in jail at the Penal de El Dueso prison, he met Edelmira Valls i Puig, who participated in a huge national and international solidarity campaign for their liberation. Once he was set free they got married and had six children: Jordina (1931–1933); Carles (1932), mathematician and Ph.D. at UAB; Edelmira (1934) Frederic (1941–1942), Marcel·lí (1944) and Mercè (1947).

Political activity
Marcel·lí Perelló was the first Secretary of Estat Català; he also joined Nosaltres Sols! and Partit Català Proletari. His radical point of view turned him against Francesc Macià. During the Spanish Civil War, Perelló directed the Diari de Barcelona. In 1939 he and his family were exiled to France, and went from there to Casablanca, and then to Mexico, reaching the Mexican shore in 1942. Perelló worked recycling and selling old tools, and also participated actively in the Catalan independence movement abroad. He was an active member of Unió Catalana Independentista, very close to Catalunya Grop from Santiago de Cuba under the direction of Salvador Carbonell i Puig.

Bibliography

Politicians from Catalonia
1961 deaths
Year of birth missing
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico
Catalan nationalists


The Golden Cascade is a breed of domestic duck developed in the United States. In 1979, David Holderread of Corvallis, Oregon set out to breed a duck that was fast growing, active, laid eggs well, and was auto-sexing. By the mid-1980s, the Golden Cascade was introduced to the market. It is not yet admitted to the American Poultry Association's Standard of Perfection.

The Golden Cascade was so named because of its golden (brown sex linked recessive) hue, and for the prominent Cascade Range of the Northwest. They weigh 6-8 pounds (2.7-3.6 kilos). Females have Fawn or buff plumage and Orange beaks with brown markings. Drakes have yellow beaks, Satin green or Bronze heads, white ring on their necks, reddish breasts and white underbodies. The throat can turn light fawn. Older drakes can molt to a fawn or buff that covers the head and body but First year birds should have a chestnut chest with the classic golden buff to white shoulders, sides and belly. The ducklings can be bred to be auto-sexing as they carry the brown sex linked gene.

See also
 List of duck breeds

References

Notes

Duck breeds
Duck breeds originating in the United States


Douglas Laycock is the Robert E. Scott Distinguished Professor at the University of Virginia School of Law, and a leading scholar in the areas of religious liberty and the law of remedies. He also serves as the 2nd Vice President of the American Law Institute and is an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

Education
Laycock received his bachelor's degree from Michigan State University and his J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School.

Academic career
He was a professor at the University of Chicago Law School, the University of Texas School of Law, and the University of Michigan Law School, before he joined the faculty of the University of Virginia School of Law in the fall of 2010.

He was a member of the Panel of Academic Contributors for Black's Law Dictionary, 8th ed. (West Group, 2004) (). In addition, he was elected to the American Law Institute in 1983 and was elected to the ALI Council in May 2001. In 2008 and again in 2011, he was elected to three-year terms as ALI's 2nd Vice President.

Legal work and writings on religious liberty
Laycock was one of the people who testified in favor of the Religious Liberty Protection Act of 1998. He has argued that exempting religious practices from regulation is constitutionally a good thing.  But he acknowledges limits to such exemptions; he has said that "Of course religious believers have no constitutional right to inflict significant harm on nonconsenting others."

He has represented parties in four Supreme Court cases on religious liberty.  He represented the Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, successfully defending its right to sacrifice small animals in religious ceremonies.  He represented the Roman Catholic Archbishop of San Antonio in an unsuccessful defense of Congress's power to enact the Religious Freedom Restoration Act and apply it to the states.  And he represented anonymous parents and students in their successful objection to school-sponsored prayer at high school football games. Most recently, he successfully represented Hosanna-Tabor Lutheran Church in a case establishing the constitutional status of the ministerial exception.

He is one of three co-editors of the book Same Sex Marriage and Religious Liberty.  His own chapter in that volume argues that it is desirable, and usually possible, to protect the liberty of same-sex couples and also protect the liberty of religious conservatives who do not wish to support or facilitate same-sex marriages.

In the field of remedies, he is the author of a casebook, Modern American Remedies, and a monograph, The Death of the Irreparable Injury Rule. He has also written a history of the field.

Awards
In 2012, the International Center for Law and Religion Studies and J. Reuben Clark Law School of Brigham Young University presented Laycock their International Religious Liberty Award.

Personal life
He is married to Teresa A. Sullivan, who served as the first female president of the University of Virginia from 2010 to 2018.

Bibliography

———————
Notes

References

 UofM faculty bio
 UT faculty bio

Living people
American lawyers
Commonweal (magazine) people
Members of the American Law Institute
Michigan State University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
University of Chicago faculty
University of Michigan faculty
University of Texas at Austin faculty
University of Virginia School of Law faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)


Methylisopropyllysergamide (lysergic acid methylisopropyl amide, MIPLA) is an analogue of LSD that was originally discovered by Albert Hofmann at Sandoz during the original structure-activity research into LSD. It has subsequently been investigated in more detail by the team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University. Methylisopropyllysergamide is a structural isomer of LSD, with the alkyl groups on the amide nitrogen having been subjected to a methylene shuffle. MIPLA and its ethylisopropyl homologue are the only simple N,N-dialkyl lysergamides that approach the potency of LSD itself, being around 1/3-1/2 the potency of LSD, while all other dialkyl analogues tested (dimethyl, dipropyl, methylethyl etc.) are only around 1/10 as potent as LSD, although some N-monoalkyl lysergamides such as the sec-butyl and t-butyl derivatives were also found to show an activity profile and potency comparable to LSD, and the mono-isopropyl derivative is only slightly weaker than MIPLA. Apart from its lower potency, the hallucinogenic effects of methylisopropyllysergamide are similar to those of LSD itself, and the main use for this drug has been in studies of the binding site at the 5-HT2A receptor through which LSD exerts most of its pharmacological effects.

See also
 Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide
 Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide

References

Psychedelic drugs
Lysergamides


Notes from the Road is an American online travel journal and blog founded in 1999 by travel writer Erik Gauger, which focuses primarily on North America. Forbes magazine praised the site in 2008 for having "photos worthy of National Geographic", and called it the best-looking travel blog they had seen. Forbes also noted that the navigation system was poor and that links were often overlaid over photographs. Notes from the Road was also picked as a favorite website by Time Magazine in 2005.

According to the site, "Notes from the Road is a project in experimental travel writing - it is about subjective travel; the kind of real world of random things and real people." The focus of the travelogue is not in specific destinations, but in the subjects of travel, from cultural history, to biology, and to the importance of travel writing in society.

Gauger founded the site in January 2000 to let friends know about his travels, and has since broadened to include other content such as details about political disputes between preservationists and developers in various parts of the globe.

Notes from the Road covers travel issues which are rarely covered by the travel media, such as controversial environmental battles such as those on Great Guana Cay and Sand Mountain.

References

External links
Official Website
New Jersey Tourism
2008 Interview About Notes From The Road
2008 Oregonian Article About Notes From The Road
2008 TravelGeneration Interview With Notes From The Road

American travel websites


Glenn Goosen (born 29 April 1982) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler and wicket-keeper. He was born in Harare.

Goosen made four appearances for CFX Academy in the Logan Cup competition of 2001/02, batting in the upper-middle order. He recovered from his poor form in the first innings of the match to score a powerful 35 in the second innings, alongside opener Neetan Chouhan.

Goosen scored a half century in the second match against Mashonaland A, though their opponents powered their way to victory mostly courtesy of an innings of 180 from Mark Vermeulen. He followed this up with an unbeaten century in the next game.

Despite his form in the 2001/02 competition, he played just a single game in the following season's competition, having moved to Mashonaland. Goosen scored a duck in the first of only two innings he played for the team, though he took three catches from behind the wicket.

External links
Glenn Goosen at Cricket Archive

1982 births
Living people
Zimbabwean people of British descent
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Cricketers from Harare
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
CFX Academy cricketers
Cambridgeshire cricketers
Wicket-keepers


EMDS may refer to:
 Ecosystem Management Decision Support, an application framework
 Electromagnetic Design System, electronic design software

See also
 EMD (disambiguation)


Some American Folk Songs Like They Used To is an album by folk artist "Spider" John Koerner, released in 1974. The album is out of print.

Guests on the album include fellow Koerner, Ray & Glover members Dave "Snaker" Ray and Tony "Little Sun" Glover.

Track listing

Side one
 "The Farmer's Curst Wife"
 "The Dodger"
 "Hallelujah! I'm a Bum"
 "Stewball
 "The Young Man Who Wouldn't Hoe Corn"
 "Days of '49"
 "10,000 Years Ago"
 "Grunt 'n Groan and the New Cave"

Side two
 "Jack of Diamonds"
 "Abduloah Bulbul Amir"
 "Go Down Moses"
 "Casey Jones"
 "Danville Girl"
 "Careless Love"
 "When First unto This Country"
 "Grunt n' Groan and the New Wheel"

Personnel
"Spider" John Koerner – guitar, harmonica, vocals
Tony Glover – harmonica on "Stewball", "Jack of Diamonds", "Danville Girl" and "When First unto This Country"
Dave Ray – slide guitar, background vocals on "Stewball", "Jack of Diamonds" and "Danville Girl"

External links
John Koerner discography

1974 albums
John Koerner albums


Agnes Denes (Dénes Ágnes; born 1931 in Budapest) is a Hungarian-born American conceptual artist  based in New York. She is known for works in a wide range of media—from poetry and philosophical writings to extremely detailed drawings, sculptures, and iconic land art works, such as Wheatfield — A Confrontation (1982), a two-acre field of wheat in downtown Manhattan, commissioned by the Public Art Fund, and Tree Mountain—A Living Time Capsule (1992–96) in Ylojärvi, Finland. Her work Rice/Tree/Burial with Time Capsule (1968–79) is recognized as one of the earliest examples of ecological art. She lives and works in New York City.

Early life and career
Born in Budapest, Hungary in 1931, her family survived World War II, the Nazi occupation, and moved to Sweden on their way to the United States. As a teenager, she created her first environmental/philosophical work, Bird Project, in Sweden, comparing migrating bird colonies to people — the migrants of the world. She studied painting at the New School and Columbia University in New York.

She began her artistic career as a poet. Her poetic practice eventually became works of a unique intellectual content and form she later called Visual Philosophy.<ref name="Ottmann">Agnes Denes's Visual Philosophy, essay by Klaus Ottmann, Chief Curator of The Phillips Collection in Washington, DC, in Agnes Denes: Absolutes and Intermediates, edited by Emma Enderby, The Shed, 2019</ref> She has said that the repeated changes in language led her to focus on the visual arts. She soon abandoned painting, due to the constraints of the canvas, and focused broadly on ideas she could explore in other mediums, saying, "I found its vocabulary limiting."

In the early 1970s, she joined the A.I.R. Gallery as a founding member. She has since participated in more than 600 exhibitions at galleries and museums throughout the world, and has written six books. She has one son, Robert T. Frankel and twin grandchildren, Ian and Alessa Frankel.

Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster Some Living American Women Artists by Mary Beth Edelson.

Selected works

EcologicalRice/Tree/Burial 1968, Eco-Logic, Sullivan County, New York; re-created 1977 at Artpark
As a pioneer of Land Art, Agnes Denes created Rice/Tree/Burial in 1968 in Sullivan County, New York. Acknowledged as the first site-specific performance piece with ecological concerns, it was enacted ten years later on an expanded scale at Artpark in Lewiston, New York. This performance piece involved planting rice seeds in a field in upstate New York, chaining surrounding trees and burying a time capsule filled with copies of her haiku. "It was about communication with the earth," Denes said, "and communicating with the future.""

 Agnes Denes at Artpark, 1977-1979
During her time at Artpark, Denes recreated her Rice/Tree/Burial piece from 1968.  In 1977, she planted a half acre (0.2 ha) of rice 150 feet (45 m) above the spot where Niagara Falls had originally formed. The land itself that she worked on was known to have been an industrial dumping ground, which affected the quality of the rice. In 1978, she continued the project by chaining together trees in the forest in the park to symbolize interference with growth. On August 20, 1979, Denes buried a time capsule at 47° 10′ longitude, 79° 2′ 32″ latitude set to be opened in the twenty-third century. The capsule includes microfilmed responses of university students to questions about the nature of humanity. Along with the rice, time capsule, and ceremonial chaining of trees in the park, Denes shot photographs of Niagara Falls for this iteration of Rice/Tree/Burial to "add natural force as the fourth element and fuse the other three".Wheatfield — A Confrontation 1982 Manhattan, Battery Park City landfill

After months of preparations, in May 1982, a two-acre (0.8 ha) wheat field was planted on a landfill in lower Manhattan, two blocks from Wall Street and the World Trade Center, facing the Statue of Liberty, sponsored by the Public Art Fund. To create the work, titled Wheatfield — A Confrontation, 200 truckloads of dirt were brought in and 285 furrows were dug by hand and cleared of rocks and garbage. The seeds were sown by hand and the furrows covered with soil. The field was maintained for four months, cleared of wheat smut, weeded, fertilized, and sprayed against mildew fungus, and an irrigation system was set up. The crop was harvested on August 16 and yielded over 1,000 pounds (455 kg) of healthy, golden wheat.Tree Mountain-a living time capsule 1996, Ylöjärvi, Finland
A monumental earthwork reclamation project and the first human-made virgin forest, situated in Ylöjärvi, Western Finland. The site was dedicated by the President of Finland upon its completion in 1996 and is legally protected for the next four hundred years.A Forest for Australia reforestation of Red Gum, She Oak, and Paperbark trees in Melbourne Australia 1998
6000 trees of an endangered species with varying heights at maturity were planted into five spirals by the artist, creating a step pyramid for each spiral when the trees are fullgrown. The trees help alleviate serious land erosion and desertification threatening Australia.

Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie Master Plan, 2000
A 25-year master plan to unite a 100 kilometer-long string of forts dating from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Incorporating water and flood management, urban planning, historical preservation, landscaping, and tourism into a single plan.North Waterfront Park Masterplan, Berkeley, California, 1988-91. Site plan and art concept.
A conceptual master plan was developed for the conversion of a 97-acre municipal landfill, surrounded by water on three sides in the San Francisco Bay, into an oasis for people and nature.The Living Pyramid, Socrates Sculpture Park, Long Island City, NY, 2015.
One in a series of large earth sculptures, The Living Pyramid, was the first land art work by the artist in New York City in over 3 decades. Commission by the Socrates Sculpture Park, it was on view from May through October 2015, and recreated in 2017 for documenta 14 in Kassel, Germany.The Living Pyramid, Sakıp Sabancı Museum, Istanbul, Turkey, 2022.

An Agnes Denes work titled Living Pyramid is continuing its presence on the grounds of Istanbul's Sakıp Sabancı private museum on Sabancı University.

The pyramid has different plants from the Istanbul flora placed on its sides depending on the need for shade or sun.

Visual philosophy
Beginning in 1968, she began an intensive exploration of philosophy through art. The result was, according to Jill Hartz of Cornell University, "an amazing body of work, distinguished by its intellectual rigor, aesthetic beauty, conceptual analysis, and environmental concern."
 Paradox and Essence (Philosophical Drawings), 1976, Published by Tau/ma Press, Rome, Italy, in English and Italian. Edition of 200; 60 pages
 Sculptures of the Mind, 1976, Published by the University of Akron Press, Akron, Ohio. Edition of 1,000, 250 signed and numbered; 50 pages
 Isometric Systems in Isotropic Space: Map Projections (from the Study of Distortions Series, 1973-1979), 1979. Published by Visual Studies Workshop Press, Rochester, New York. Edition of 200 hardback copies in silver foil, signed and numbered by the artist; edition of 600 in paperback; 100 pages, color and black and white throughout, 29 original drawings specially created for the book, 22 transparent pages.Original drawings for Isometric Systems, from the Museum of Modern Art Collection Early Philosophical Drawings, Monoprints, and Sculpture 1970-1973

Sculpture
 Sculptures of the Mind 1968-2012

Writing
See three titles under Visual Philosophy, above.
 Book of Dust: The Beginning and the End of Time and Thereafter, 1989 Visual Studies Workshop Press, Rochester, New York. Edition of 1,100 of which 200 are signed with an original artwork. Insert ("The Debate - 1 Million B.C. - 1 Million A.D.); 200 pages, 16 full-page duotones
 The Human Argument, 2008 Spring Publications, Putnam, Connecticut.
 Poetry Walk—Reflections: Pools of Thought, 2000 Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Art Museum.

Catalogues
 Agnes Denes: Perspectives, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, 1974
 Agnes Denes: Sculptures of the Mind / Philosophical Drawings by Amerika Haus Berlin, 1978
 Agnes Denes 1968 -1980, Gary Garrels curator, Hayden Gallery, MIT, Boston, 1980
 Agnes Denes: Concept into Form, Works : 1970-1990, Arts Club of Chicago, 1990
 Agnes Denes by Jill Hartz, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, 1992
 The Visionary Art of Agnes Denes: An Exhibition of 85 Works, Gibson Gallery, 1996
 Project for Public Spaces, a Retrospective, Samek Art Gallery, Bucknell University, Lewisburg PA; 2003Agnes Denes: Work 1969 - 2013, curated and edited by Florence Derieux, FRAC Champagne-Ardenne, Firstsite Colchester, Mousse Publishing, 2013-2016Agnes Denes: Absolutes and Intermediates'', edited by Emma Enderby, The Shed, 2019

Public collections
Denes has more than ten works in the Museum of Modern Art's collection. In the Metropolitan Museum, the artist has five pieces in the permanent collection. At the Whitney Museum of American Art, Denes has three pieces in the permanent collection. Beyond that, the artist has work in forty-three additional museum permanent collections.

Critical response

Selected solo exhibitions

 2020: "Agnes Denes: Photos of the Mind, 1969–2002,"  Leslie Tonkonow Artworks + Projects, ADAA Member Viewing Rooms
 2019: "Agnes Denes: Absolutes and Intermediates," The Shed, New York
 2018: "Agnes Denes: Works 1969 - 2018," acb Gallery, Budapest, Hungary
 2017: "Agnes Denes: Truth Approximations," Leslie Tonkonow Artworks + Projects, New York
 2015: "In the Realm of Pyramids: The Visual Philosophy of Agnes Denes," Leslie Tonkonow Artworks + Projects, New York
 2013: "Agnes Denes: Work: 1967 – 2013," Firstite, Essex, United Kingdom (catalog)
 2012: "Agnes Denes: Body Prints, Philosophical Drawings, and Map Projections 1969-1978," Santa Monica Museum of Art, CA (catalog)

"Agnes Denes, Sculptures of the Mind: 1968 to Now," Leslie Tonkonow Gallery, New York

 2010: "Agnes Denes: Body Prints and Other Early Prints on Paper", Leslie Tonkonow Gallery, New York
 2009: "Philosophy in the Land II", Leslie Tonkonow Gallery, New York
 2008: "Agnes Denes: Art for the Third Millennium-Creating a New World View", Ludwig Museum, Budapest, Hungary
 2007: "Uprooted & Deified – The Golden Tree", BravinLee Programs, New York
 2005: "Agnes Denes: Projects for Public Places-A Retrospective", Ewing Gallery, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn.
 2004: "Agnes Denes: Projects for Public Places-A Retrospective", Chelsea Museum, New York
 2003: "Agnes Denes: Projects for Public Places-A Retrospective", organized by Samek Gallery, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa. (catalog).

Travel: Herron Gallery, Herron School of Art, Indiana University, Indianapolis;

Haggerty Museum of Art, Marquette University, Milkwaukee, Wisc.;

Naples Museum of Art, Naples, Florida.

 1998: "Agnes Denes-Fragmentation", Gallerie Il Bulino, Rome, Italy
 1997: "Anima/Persona-From the Rice/Tree/Burial Project", Joyce Goldstein Gallery, New York

"The Pyramid Suite and Project Drawings", View Gallery, New York

 1996: "The Visionary Art of Agnes Denes", Gibson Gallery, SUNY at Potsdam, New York
 1995: "Philosophy in the Land", Joyce Goldstein Gallery, New York
 1994: "Drawings of Agnes Denes l969-l994", Wynn Kramarsky, New York
 1992: "Agnes Denes: A Retrospective", Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. (book and travel)
 1990: "Agnes Denes - Concept into Form, Works 1970-1990", Arts Club of Chicago, Ill. (catalog)

"Agnes Denes - El Concepto Hecho Forma, Obras, 1970-1990", Anselmo Alvarez Galeria de Arte, Madrid, Spain (catalog)

 1986: Ricardo Barreto Arte Contemporaneo, Guadalajara, Mexico
 1985: University of Hawaii Art Gallery, Honolulu, Hawaii

Northern Illinois University Art Gallery, Chicago, Ill.

 1982: "Meister der Zeichnung" (Master of Drawing) Invitational, Kunsthalle, Nürnberg, W. Germany (catalog)
 1981: "Print Retrospective", Elise Meyer, Inc., New York
 1980: "Agnes Denes 1968-1980", Hayden Gallery, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. (catalog)

"Anima/Persona - The Seed", Elise Meyer, Inc., New York

"Agnes Denes", Galleriet, Lund, Sweden

Galerie Aronowitsch, Stockholm, Sweden

 1979: "Agnes Denes Work: 1968-1978", Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England

Studio d'Arte Cannaviello, Milan, Italy

 1978: "Agnes Denes - Philosophical Drawings", Amerika Haus, W. Berlin, W. Germany (catalog)

"Agnes Denes: Work 1968-78", Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, England (catalog)

"Sculptures of the Mind," Centre Culturel Americain, Paris, France

 1977: Tyler School of Art, Temple University, Philadelphia, Penn.

"Animi Pathema - The Emotional Animal", 112 Greene Street Gallery, New York

 1976: "Agnes Denes", Douglass College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J.

"Agnes Denes", Newport Harbor Art Museum, Newport Beach, Calif.

"Sculptures of the Mind", University of Akron, Ohio (catalog)

 1975: Stefanotty Gallery, New York
 1974: "Agnes Denes: Perspectives", Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (catalog)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

 1972: A.I.R. Gallery, New York
 1968: Ruth White Gallery, New York
 1967: New Masters Gallery, New York
 1965: Lewisohn Hall, Columbia University, New York

Awards
 Four fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts
 Four grants from the New York State Council on the Arts
 CAPS grant (1972)
 National Endowment Fellowships (1974 and 1975)
 The DAAD Fellowship, Berlin (1978)
 American Academy of Arts and Letters Purchase Award (1985)
 Eugene McDermott Award in the Arts at MIT (1990)
 Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome (1998)
 Jill Watson Award for Transdisciplinary Achievement in the Arts from Carnegie Mellon University (1999)
 Anonymous Was a Woman Award (2007)
 Ambassador's Award for Cultural Diplomacy (2008) from the American Embassy in Hungary
 Art Innovation Impact Award, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC.(2020)

References

External links

  Interview of Denes, images of Wheatfield

 Agnes Denes: Sculptures of the Mind: 1968 to Now, Exhibition Site at Leslie Tonkonow Gallery Nov 15, 2012 - Jan 19, 2013
Agnes Denes: Absolutes and Intermediates retrospective exhibition at The Shed, October 9, 2019 - March 22, 2020

Land artists
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
American conceptual artists
Women conceptual artists
Living people
1931 births
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
The New School alumni
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American women artists


Livingston Manor Central School is a school district in Livingston Manor, New York, United States. The superintendent is Mr. John Evans.

History

The school was built in 1938. It is located on the peninsula of Sherwood Island.

Athletics

Livingston Manor competes in Section IX Class "D" for all sports. They were 2010 and 2011 Class "D" State Champion in Softball and 2011 State Champion for Baseball. Livingston Manor holds at least 1 Section title in every sport program they have. Former Softball Standout, Marissa Diescher, was inducted into the New York State High School Softball Hall of Fame as part of the Induction Class of 2022.

External links
 Official site

School districts in Sullivan County, New York
School districts in Ulster County, New York
School districts established in 1938
1938 establishments in New York (state)


Granitsa ( from the Slavic word for "border") is a village in the municipal unit of Molossoi, Ioannina regional unit, Greece. In 2011 its population was 85. It is situated on a hillside on the left bank of the river Tyria. It is 4 km southeast of Polydoro, 4 km west of Chinka and 24 km west of Ioannina.

Population

See also

List of settlements in the Ioannina regional unit

External links
Granitsa at the GTP Travel Pages

References

Populated places in Ioannina (regional unit)
Zitsa


Cardiogeriatrics, or geriatric cardiology, is the branch of cardiology and geriatric medicine that deals with the cardiovascular disorders in elderly people.

Cardiac disorders such as coronary heart disease, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, are common and are a major cause of mortality in elderly people. Vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease cause significant morbidity and mortality in aged people. Guidelines of the Cardiogeriatrics Department of the Brazilian Cardiology Society were published in English.

The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology is the official journal of the Society of Geriatric Cardiology.

See also
 Cardiology
 Geriatrics

References

Cardiology
Geriatrics
Elderly care


A Purple Place for Dying (1964) is the third novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald.

Plot summary
McGee is drawn away from his usual haunt of Florida by a job offer from Mona Yeoman, who suspects that her estranged husband has stolen from her considerable trust fund. Before the investigation begins, Mona is murdered before McGee's eyes by an unseen gunman. By the time he summons the police to the scene, her body has disappeared. McGee then sets out to solve her murder.

The back of the first edition reads, "McGee did not like Mona Fox Yeoman.  She seemed artificial and self-important.  She was provocative rather than seductive, a dare more than a desire.  She made a man want to shake her up, to mat that twenty-five dollar hairdo and knock that lady-of-the-manor style of hers on its can.  --- But nobody ever would.  Because in one minute she was a big creamy bitch standing right next to McGee - and suddenly she was fallen cooling flesh skittering into the dust with a hole as big as your fist through her wishbone.  For McGee that should have been it.  The client was dead.  No fee.  No tears.  Forget it, bot.  Pick up and pack out.  ---  Yeah.  Sure. You better believe it.  --- Not McGee."

The book takes place in "Esmeralda County."  The state is not mentioned, but it states that the county is fairly populous.  There is an Esmeralda County in Nevada, but it is the least populated county in Nevada.  Other geographic references in the book, such as the Phoenix airport, seem to indicate the book takes place in Arizona.

Popular culture

Although Tales from Margaritaville was published by Jimmy Buffett in 1989, he wrote an updated preface published in 2002.  In it he tells a story of finding a copy of A Purple Place for Dying at a flea market in Huahine in French Polynesia.  Jimmy Buffett writes, "Six thousand miles away from slip F-18 at the Bahia Mar yacht basin in Ft. Lauderdale, I read the opening lines.  That afternoon, leaning against a palm tree, I finished the book, and as beautiful as paradise was, Travis McGee had rekindled my love for the quirky and insane things that were Florida to me, and I missed them."

Although Buffett refers to McGee in Florida, this Travis McGee novel does not take place in Florida, but rather in the American West.

References

1964 American novels
Travis McGee (novel series)