This is a list of characters in the Showtime series Queer as Folk. The characters are listed alphabetically by their last name or by the name which appears in the episode credits.

Drew Boyd

Drew Boyd is the quarterback of the fictional Pittsburgh Ironmen. He was introduced in season four when he hired Emmett Honeycutt to cater the party for his engagement to his girlfriend, Sierra. At the party Drew and his teammates make disparaging homophobic remarks about Emmett and a waiter, and Emmett confronts him about it. The next day, when Emmett visits Drew's house to pick up his check, Drew becomes aggressively flirtatious and the two have sex on the living room floor.

Although Drew and Emmett continue the affair, Drew does not identify as gay, instead thinking of himself as just a man who occasionally enjoys sex with other men (or possibly on the down-low). Over time, however, his feelings for Emmett become less purely sexual and more romantic. Drew even allows Emmett to persuade him to model in a Brown Athletics underwear campaign for Brian's agency Kinnetik. Despite an agreement that Emmett must never show up at Drew's games, Emmett accompanies Ted to the Ironmen stadium. Unfortunately, they run into Drew's fiancée who is delighted to see Emmett and brings them to the locker room.  Drew breaks off the affair, but later seeks to resume it, admitting to missing Emmett. However, Emmett turns him down when Drew reveals he still intends to marry Sierra and keep the affair up.

In season five, Emmett receives anonymous phone calls and believes he is being stalked. It turns out to be a panicking Drew, who was being threatened with being outed by a tabloid. Drew appears on the news station that employs Emmett for an interview and comes out, kissing Emmett on live television and losing each of them their jobs. Drew and Emmett resume their relationship and Drew is eventually picked back up by the Ironmen after they lose several games in a row.

The relationship finally ends on a bittersweet note when Emmett spots Drew flirting with another man. Rather than being angry or jealous, Emmett recognizes that Drew, being so newly out, needs time to explore his new-found gay world.

Ben Bruckner

Benjamin "Ben" Novotny-Bruckner (né Bruckner) (portrayed by Robert Gant) became a main character during season two, when he is the first customer in Michael Novotny's comic book store. He is a gay studies professor at Carnegie Mellon University, and the author of the non-fiction book RU12 and the unpublished novel Gentlemen in Paris. Upon first meeting Michael, he states that he is a Pisces.

The two begin to date, but Michael decides to stop after finding out that Ben is HIV positive. After several failed attempts at dating other men, Michael realizes he is in love with Ben, and that he will have to accept his HIV status. Debbie also initially disapproves of the relationship because of Ben's HIV status.  However, when Ben is hospitalized due to complications from his HIV medication, Debbie sees how devoted Michael is to Ben and realizes that Michael's happiness is more important than her worries.

In the third season, Ben learns that the man who gave him HIV has died which greatly upsets him and drives him to begin using steroids and exercise obsessively.  Ben's increasingly erratic behavior begins taking a toll on his relationship with Michael.  In a desperate attempt to get through to Ben, Michael threatens to infect himself with Ben's used needle in order to get him to stop taking steroids.  Ben and Michael later begin providing shelter to a teenage prostitute, Hunter Montgomery, after encountering him soliciting outside their apartment.  Ben feels a special bond with the troubled youth, especially after learning Hunter is HIV positive as well. Michael is initially less patient with Hunter's presence in their home, but the couple grow to accept Hunter as a member of the family.  Ben and Michael become Hunter's legal guardians by the beginning of the fourth season after winning custody from his abusive mother.

When Michael and Justin get a deal for a movie adaptation of their comic book, Ben becomes extremely envious, mainly because his own book, Gentlemen in Paris, can't get published.  Ben begins secretly meeting with Anthony, a former student who flirtatiously offers praise for his work.  However, Ben is horrified when Anthony reveals that Ben's novel inspired him to intentionally infect himself with HIV. Later, Ben and Michael travel to Toronto, Ontario, Canada for the start of the Liberty Ride. On the bus ride up to Canada, Ben asks Michael to be his husband.  The two get married in Canada, but they experience trouble in returning to the United States as their marriage will not be recognized once they return.

In the fifth season, Ben and Michael move into a house on a traditional street, to which Brian accuses them of being 'conformist homosexuals'. This does not matter to the couple who are proud of their new home and two children. However, this does not last long as after Hunter's HIV status is revealed at school and his ex-girlfriend starts dating someone new, he decides to leave home. Ben takes Hunter's departure particularly hard and becomes extremely distraught and angry with both Michael and himself, until they receive an e-mail from Hunter a few weeks later. Ben later tirelessly parades to stop "Proposition 14" which would take away gay civil rights and is present during the bombing of Babylon which severely injures Michael. During the vigil for the Babylon victims, Ben displays uncharacteristic rage when he brutally beats up a counter-protester who began mocking Michael's near death.  Hunter reunites with Ben and Michael after the bombing and the couple legally adopts him in the series finale.

Throughout the series, Ben is characterized as a compassionate person who seldom becomes outwardly angry, upset, or emotional.  He adheres to the Buddhist ideals and advocates for "living in the now".  In adjusting to his HIV status, Ben does his best to take care of himself physically and to maintain a peaceful and serene perspective in facing life's challenges, which earns him the nickname "Zen Ben" from Brian.

Despite his academic background and somewhat esoteric philosophies, Ben integrates well with Michael's circle of friends.  Ben and Brian are generally cordial to one another, although they occasionally clash over their conflicting values and mutual interest in Michael. It is revealed in Season 2 that Ben and Brian shared a brief prior sexual encounter, which initially disturbs Michael.  However, unlike Michael's ex-boyfriend, David Cameron, Ben does not openly resent Michael's and Brian's close and somewhat co-dependent friendship and he calmly acknowledges that when two people enter a relationship, they each bring his own history. When Brian and Michael end their friendship in season 5 Ben encourages Brian to make amends and pushes Michael to attend Brian's wedding by reminding Michael that Brian loves him immensely.

Dr. David Cameron

Dr. David Cameron (or Dr. David, as he is commonly referred to by the other characters)  is Michael's main love interest for all of season one. He has no relation to his namesake, David Cameron, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

He was previously married but was later divorced, and he also has a son, Hank (portrayed by Ryan Cooley in one episode).  David meets Michael after he injures his back working at the Q Mart.  David is the chiropractor Michael is referred to, and later, when he sees Michael back at the Q Mart, asks him out, and the two begin to date, and eventually Michael moves in with David.

Nevertheless, they are almost constantly at odds with each other. For example, at one point, Dr. David is jealous of the relationship Michael has with Brian, and at one point forbids him from seeing Brian again.  Michael, on the other hand, is put off by David's willingness to do everything, such as pay for dinner at restaurants, and at one point, Michael found out that David was not cashing the checks he was giving him to cover his share of their household expenses.

Michael often finds himself intimidated by the lavish lifestyle that Dr. David leads.

At the end of the first season, Dr. David decides to move back to Portland, Oregon to be with his son, and invites Michael to come with him. Michael was originally going to leave with him, but briefly stays behind after learning of the assault on Justin. In the Second Season it is revealed that Michael did follow Dr. David to Portland. During the first episode of season 2, Michael returns to Pittsburgh for a visit, and after Emmett catches him having sex with another man, he confesses that he and Dr. David are no longer together. Dr. David is neither seen nor heard from again for the rest of the series, although in Season 2, Ted told a character with back pains that he "knows a good chiropractor," and, later, at one point in Season 3, Emmett, after sleeping on Michael's couch all night, stated that he needed a chiropractor. He then looked at Michael and apologized.

Daphne Chanders

Daphne Chanders appears in all five seasons, but is most prominently featured during the first two. She is Justin Taylor's best friend, and the first person who he comes out to. She is Justin's confidante for most of the first season, especially during the time his parents are in the middle of a messy divorce. Toward the end of the first season, she asks Justin to "be her first," and the two have sex with the help of a gay porn magazine to get Justin in the "mood." Later, Daphne becomes romantically interested in Justin, causing some tension between them. Justin tells her that even though they had sex together, he is not in love with her. However, Daphne reminds Justin that he once experienced the same feelings toward Brian Kinney as she is now feeling. The two reconcile and go as dates to their high school prom.

Daphne and Justin attend different colleges, and Justin sleeps at her apartment when he is fighting with Brian. He also lives with her briefly after he breaks up with Ethan while trying to get back with Brian. She is seen briefly in the fifth season talking to Justin while they are babysitting Michael's daughter, Jenny Rebecca, and in the final episode is mentioned as helping him find a place to stay in New York.

Despite being supportive of Justin's homosexuality, she occasionally shows frustration at the exclusive homosexual community.  When a woman at an art gallery mistakes her for a lesbian, she does not correct her despite Justin's disapproval, claiming she wants to be "one of the cool kids."  She grows angry with Justin after he fails to return her feelings after they sleep together and is disappointed when Cody and Justin will not let her help with the Pink Posse because she is straight.

Vic Grassi

Victor Antonio "Vic" Grassi (or 'Uncle Vic' as other characters called him) is Debbie Novotny's brother and Michael Novotny's uncle. He is old enough to remember and enjoy the decadence of the post-Stonewall/pre-AIDS gay culture of the 1970s and early 1980s and would sometimes reminisce about his carefree life as a young 20-something during the disco era.

Before the start of the series, Vic, who is HIV-positive, emerged from a lengthy hospital stay and joined Debbie on a trip to Italy, expecting to die before having to pay any credit card bills from their vacation.

For the first three seasons of the show, Vic lives with Debbie in her house. She helps Vic manage his medications, while Vic contributes his disability check to cover his portion of the household expenses. Vic gives Justin his ID card to get into Babylon in one of the first episodes, saying that he had "paid his dues" and doubts he will need it again. Despite those words, Vic visits at Babylon on several later occasions.

Vic is arrested for solicitation in the men's room at a mall during the first season. He is eventually cleared of the charges when it is determined that the arresting officer had entrapped him.

Vic works at the Liberty Diner with Debbie for a short time, after learning that his disability payments might be cut off. Having previously had a career as a pastry chef, he finds it difficult to adjust to his role as a short-order cook. In the second season, Debbie berates Vic when he can not manage to make a wedding cake for Lindsay and Melanie on short notice. Vic responds by channeling his anger into accomplishing the task. When Justin questions Debbie about this, she explains that she used a similar strategy to get Vic to fight to stay alive: "I just kept screaming at him, 'So fucking die already!'"

During the third season, Emmett hires Vic to assist him with his event planning business. Vic meets Rodney, and they begin to develop a relationship. During the fourth season, Vic moves out of Debbie's house to live with Rodney. Debbie, mad at not being invited to a dinner party, gets into a huge argument with him. The following morning, Michael comes to visit Vic and finds he has died of a heart attack due to complications from his HIV medications. His death leaves Debbie feeling extremely guilty. She goes so far as to throw a Christmas party for him in February. Eventually, she realizes that Vic would not want her to live her life this way, and with some help from Detective Horvath, moves on.

Meanwhile, Vic appears in Brian's dreams, especially after Brian learns he has testicular cancer. Vic explains Brian's options to him. He can survive his health crisis and die "an old queen" just as Vic had. Or he can die young and get into a heaven with plenty of good-looking gay men. Once Brian's intensive radiation treatments succeed, Vic stops appearing in his dreams and in the series altogether.

Emmett Honeycutt

Emmett Honeycutt is notable for his wry witticisms and flamboyant fashion sense. He has a wide variety of jobs throughout the series: working in a clothing store, becoming a porn star for Ted's website, running his own catering business, and delivering television news segments as the "Queer Guy."

He is best friends with Ted Schmidt, with whom he becomes romantically involved later in the series. The relationship is short-lived, however, as Ted faces serious problems with drug addiction that place enormous strain on him and Emmett.

Through Ted's website, he gains an admirer in George Schickle, a wealthy old man who owns a pickle company. They fall in love despite their significant age difference, but George suffers a heart attack and dies on the eve of a six-month tour of the world with Emmett. Emmett is shocked and touched when he learns that George has left him a significant amount of money, but is heartbroken to find out that he can only claim it if he publicly denies his affair with George. Emmett gives up the money because he wants the world to know how much he truly loved George.

On a catering gig, he meets Pittsburgh Ironmen quarterback Drew Boyd. After Drew makes some homophobic remarks to his friends, Emmett confronts him. When Emmett drops by Drew's house to pick up his paycheck, Drew becomes aggressively flirtatious and he and Emmett have sex on the floor. Although Drew is engaged to a woman, he and Emmett begin an on-again/off-again relationship that continues even after Drew marries. When his wife discovers a different male affair that Boyd has had, she leaves him, and Drew turns to Emmett for solace. He comes out to the public by sharing a controversial on-air kiss with Emmett, causing each of them to lose their jobs. Their relationship ends bittersweetly when Emmett sees him kissing another man and concedes that, as a man newly out of the closet, Drew needs the time and freedom to sow his oats.

Although at first glance Emmett seems to be a gay stereotype, even a stock character, throughout the five seasons his character becomes quite dynamic and complex. This complexity is enhanced by frequent anecdotes concerning his childhood in Hazlehurst, Mississippi and other references that hint at the challenges he has overcome. It is implied that he is estranged from his family.

Carl Horvath

Detective Carl Horvath first appears in season two and remains through season five as a supporting character.

Carl first appears in season two as an investigating police officer when Debbie finds the body of a young gay hustler in a dumpster behind the Liberty Diner. He makes a homophobic comment to another officer ("Looks like we got a Jane Doe") which Debbie overhears, and she immediately berates Carl for his disrespect. Because of this, and also the slow police response to the investigation of the murder, Debbie initially dislikes Carl. With Vic and Jennifer's help, Debbie finds out the young man's name was Jason Kemp, and she gives this information to Carl. Debbie is surprised when, soon after, Carl shows up at Debbie's house and tells her the background information he was able to learn after Debbie's tip. However, it is not until season three that the murder of Jason Kemp is resolved, since it involved corruption within the police department and the former partner of Police Chief Jim Stockwell, who ran for Mayor during that season.

Carl asks Debbie out on a date after her assistance with the investigation in season two, and she reluctantly agrees. While eating seafood and showing each other pictures, it is revealed that Carl is a widower and has two children, a son and a daughter. His son is in the Air Force and is stationed in Germany, and he has "a couple of little ones," making Carl a grandfather. His daughter is married to an African-American lawyer and lives in Utah, so Carl and Debbie bond a bit over the fact that they have to allow their children to be who they are. Carl's relationship with Debbie soon becomes sexual, with Emmett and Ted instructing Debbie on how to please Carl in bed. Carl mistakes Debbie for a "professional," which hurts Debbie's feelings at first, until Emmett and Ted reveal their role in assisting Debbie. Carl further makes it up to Debbie by learning some lessons from two of the lesbians on the force. Carl and Debbie's relationship becomes strained during the third season, when Carl feels he has to back Chief Stockwell in the mayoral election or risk reprisal from the police force, while Debbie strongly supports the implied Democrat, Councilman Deekins.

By the later seasons, Debbie and Carl resume their relationship, and Carl eventually asks Debbie to marry him. Although Debbie accepts his proposal, she becomes upset that her son Michael cannot marry his partner Ben, so Debbie and Carl decide to live as a common-law couple.

Brian Kinney

Callie Leeson

Callie Leeson is a high school student and Hunter's romantic interest through part of Season 4.  Callie and Hunter meet when Hunter joins the school's swim team.  The two begin dating, but Hunter is nervous and hesitant about revealing the relationship to Michael and Ben who still assume Hunter is gay.  When Hunter does tell Ben and Michael the truth, the two are initially surprised but express their support nonetheless.

Hunter is forced to admit to Callie that he's HIV positive prior to the two engaging in sex.  However, Callie appears non-perturbed and calmly advises him to use a condom.   Callie's parents, while initially supportive of the relationship, are shocked to learn of Hunter's HIV status when they read Callie's diary.  Having previously arranged to meet Ben and Michael for a cordial dinner, Callie's parents instead use the opportunity to confront Ben and Michael with their discovery and forbid the relationship to continue.  The Leesons further demand to know how Hunter contracted HIV.  Ben and Michael refuse to answer, but Hunter, overhearing the conversation, angrily reveals his history as a prostitute.  This revelation shocks Callie enough to break off the relationship herself the next day at school.

Although no longer dating Hunter, Callie remains supportive and sympathetic and even stands up for Hunter when he is bullied at school after his HIV status is leaked to the student body.  She further denounces her parents’ hypocrisy after they and other concerned parents try to pressure Hunter into withdrawing from school.  Hunter misinterprets Callie's support as an invitation to resume their relationship and is dismayed when he learns that Callie has started seeing someone else. The pain and regret of losing Callie contributes to Hunter's decision to leave Pittsburgh.

Melanie Marcus

Melanie Rachel Marcus is one of the main characters and the domestic partner of Lindsay Peterson.  Melanie is also the biological mother of Jenny Rebecca, a daughter by way of artificial insemination from mutual friend Michael Novotny, and the adoptive mother of Gus, Lindsay's natural son by way of artificial insemination from Lindsay's longtime friend Brian Kinney.

Melanie is an attorney with a successful law firm, and from her numerous references to "the other partners" she is taken to be a partner as well.  (A sign outside of her workplace lists her as a partner at Kurtzman, Vasquez, Kurshira & Marcus in Episode 1.21; in Season 4, however, her partner in the firm is Larry Jacobs.)  She was raised Jewish and insists that Jewish traditions be observed in her family life, but does not seem to have an active spiritual life and may consider herself Jewish in a strictly cultural sense.  At the beginning of the series, she and Lindsey have been together for five years.  Throughout the relationship Brian Kinney has been a source of stress and discord for the couple, but Melanie allows him to remain an active presence in their lives because of his longtime friendship with Lindsay.  Melanie's negative feelings about Brian are only exacerbated as he repeatedly injects himself into decisions about Gus' upbringing and reneges on his promise to sign his parental rights over to Melanie.

During the first two seasons, Melanie permits Lindsay take the year following Gus' birth on leave.  The strain of being the family's sole breadwinner causes her to feel some resentment towards Lindsay.  During this period of instability in the relationship, Melanie has a one-night stand with a woman she meets at a friend's baby shower.  After disclosing the affair to Lindsay, she moves in with her cousin Rita for several months.  The couple reconciles when, on the condition that they get back together and be loving parents to his son, Brian agrees to sign his parental rights over to Melanie.

In the season two premiere, Lindsay proposes marriage.  Knowing that the union will not be legal and insisting that they do not need a piece of paper to validate their relationship, Melanie initially declines.  However, she later relents and the two are married in a surprise ceremony thrown together by friends and family.

Melanie is also close friends with Ted Schmidt, an accountant that manages Lindsay and Melanie's financial portfolio.  This relationship is solid until the revelation that Ted stole money from Gus' college fund.  Eventually Ted admits his wrongdoings and is grudgingly forgiven by Melanie and Lindsay.

In season three, Melanie admits that she is unable to have children due to endometriosis.  After having an operation to restore her fertility, she asks Michael to be the donor father.  Michael is hurt when Melanie, remembering her struggles with Brian, creates a contract absolving Michael of his parental rights.  Melanie eventually relents and lets Michael share parental rights.

While Melanie is pregnant with Jenny Rebecca, she discovers that Lindsay has had an affair with a male artist, Sam Auerbach, whose work is being featured at her gallery.  Melanie is furious, especially since Lindsay cheated with a man, and terminates their relationship. The pair have an acrimonious relationship after that, eventually descending into a custody battle over Jenny Rebecca, which Michael gets involved with as well.

In the final season, after a bomb explosion targeting a gay and lesbian convention takes the life of a fellow lesbian friend, Lindsay and Melanie decide to reconcile for good.  The couple's last appearance on the show reveals that they have decided to move to Toronto, Ontario, Canada to avoid further government and personal persecution for being a homosexual couple.

James "Hunter" Novotny-Bruckner

Hunter Novotny-Bruckner (born James "Hunter" Montgomery), 15 years old (first appearance), is the adopted son of Michael Novotny and Ben Bruckner.  While Michael and Ben have just begun living together, Chief Jim Stockwell's recent “cleanup” of Liberty Avenue forces gay prostitutes to solicit in front of their building.  Hunter is one of the boys seen by Ben when he initially tries to disperse them off the premises.  After several more encounters, Ben allows Hunter to spend the night, and later gives him some money and his phone number. When Hunter ends up in the hospital he puts Ben down as his family member to contact. Ben pretends, reluctantly, to be Hunter's "uncle" and is forced to pay his large hospital bill.  Ben is then told that Hunter himself is also HIV positive and takes it upon himself to tell him.  Eventually, Hunter starts living with Michael and Ben, but the arrangement is rocky at first as Hunter blatantly disregards the rules and limits the couple laid out for him.  Hunter later overhears a conversation between Ben and Michael where they sadly admit that Hunter might be a lost cause and that they should let him go if he's unhappy with them.  Ashamed, Hunter begins to make a more sincere effort to adapt to his new home by respecting curfew and enrolling in school.  Michael is initially less patient with Hunter's presence in the home, though he eventually comes around as Hunter seems to have equal interests in comic books.

Towards the end of the third season, Rita, Hunter's mother, appears.  She claims that she had given him up for adoption due to a tumultuous marriage and for fear that she wouldn't have been able to raise her son on her low income.  Seemingly grateful for the care that Michael and Ben have shown her son, she relays her intent to bring him home and start over.  However, Hunter accuses his mother of forcing him to commit acts of prostitution from an early age and refuses to leave with her.  When Rita summons the police to remove Hunter from Michael's and Ben's custody, Michael flees Pittsburgh with Hunter leaving Ben to stall the authorities.  Michael and Hunter return to Pittsburgh in time for the custody trial with Melanie hired to represent Hunter.  Rita does win custody initially, but the judge overhears her callous and homophobic remarks regarding Hunter's HIV status and awards custody to Ben and Michael.

During the fourth season, it is revealed that Hunter is in a heterosexual relationship with a girl, Callie Leeson.  At first Michael is upset by the idea of a heterosexual son, but he learns to accept it, even agreeing to have dinner with Callie's parents. However, Callie's parents confront Michael and Ben once learning Hunter is HIV positive after reading in Callie's diary.  Insisting they are acting in the interest of protecting Callie, they forbid the relationship to continue.  Hurt and angry, Hunter reveals his history as a prostitute which further disturbs the Leesons and shocks Callie enough for her to break off the relationship herself.

During season five, Callie's parents expose Hunter's HIV status to the school at-large during a swim meet when he accidentally cuts his forehead and bleeds into the water, which makes Hunter a target for bullying and hatred at school. This culminates in the school's principal calling a meeting for the concerned parents in an effort to disarm them. Amid pressure to withdraw from school, Hunter is able to take a stand against the accusations leveled against him by the parents at the meeting and resolves to stay in his high school. However, he soon finds out that Callie has a new boyfriend and is extremely upset by this. He also feels slightly pushed aside because of the arrival of JR which further divides Michael's and Ben's attention.  Feeling isolated, he decides to leave Pittsburgh much to the shock and dismay of Michael and Ben. While Michael attempts to be more stoic, Ben is particularly devastated over Hunter's abrupt departure and becomes moody and irritable. Finally, the couple receives an E-mail from Hunter, telling them that he is OK, which seems to ease their sadness.

After Michael is severely injured in the bombing of Babylon, a worried Hunter returns home. After a chat with Debbie, he decides to stay for good. He reveals that he hitched to Disney World and got a job as one of Snow White's seven Dwarfs. He gets a job at the diner, and further encouraged by Debbie, decides to go back to school.  In his last scene, Hunter is working at the diner when Ben and Michael call him over and tell him he passed all his subjects. They then hand him a journal with the letters ‘H.N.B’ inscribed on it. Ben explains that they are his initials, Hunter Novotny-Bruckner, if he wants them to be. Writing in his diary, Hunter says: “Today Ben and Michael asked me to be their real son. I said yes.”. They all hug happily.

Debbie Novotny

Deborah Jane Grassi "Debbie" Novotny (born Deborah Jane Grassi) is a supporting, loud heterosexual fictional character on the show. The mother (at 17) of main character Michael Novotny, Debbie plays a major role in her son's life, is a strong supporter of gay rights, and an active member of PFLAG. She is usually found either at her house or at the Liberty Diner, where she is a waitress. She also is known for her T-shirts, with such phrases as "Got Head?", "Bitch Goddess", and "Foreplay is for pussies" (to name a few) and her button-laden rainbow vest, the latter she wears when working. She is also seen wearing a bright-red wig, which she only is seen without twice (the first time she loses it because she fell unconscious and the wig falls off, the second time she talks with her brother in her bath robe and doesn't wear it).

During the second season, after discovering a dead male prostitute in the garbage bin behind the diner where she works, Debbie attempts to find out his name, actually beating the police force in discovering it. In this season, it was also discovered that her high-school sweetheart, Danny Devore, could be the father of Michael. They never married and she later took on the last name of Novotny after reading the name of a soldier who died in Vietnam. She also plays an important role in the campaign against Chief Jim Stockwell, the anti-gay police chief running for mayor of Pittsburgh. Her efforts appear to pay off, as he loses the election.

In the fourth season, her relationship with her brother Vic sours when he moves out. It is known that before the storyline began, Debbie nursed HIV-positive Vic back to health. She feels that he is not grateful for it. Soon after they have a big fight, Vic dies (of a heart attack), leaving her feeling very guilty. Eventually, she forgives herself.

At the end of the fourth season, Debbie's on-and-off boyfriend, Detective Carl Horvath, asks her to marry him, and she accepts. However, she later tells him she cannot marry him, not as long as Michael and Ben cannot legally marry in the US. So, they decide to live together for the remainder of the series.

In season 5 she gives up her job at the Diner, and trains a woman named Loretta Pye to take over from her. However, Loretta falls in love with her after she saves her from her abusive husband. Eventually Debbie tells Loretta that she is not a lesbian and Loretta leaves town. She then starts to feel very ill and sees that the Diner isn't coping well without her when she realises she is bored and misses her job. With the support of Carl she eventually goes back to waitressing at the Diner.

The character of Debbie Novotny is parodied in the teenage film Another Gay Movie, where the mother of one of the central characters (Nico, a flamboyant teenage boy) adopts Debbie's 'out there' style of clothing after Nico comes out to her. Note with every episode, Debbie has a different T-shirt, with a different saying on it.

Michael Novotny

Michael Charles Novotny-Bruckner (né Novotny), portrayed by Hal Sparks, has a mother with whom he is very close, Debbie, played by Sharon Gless, and an uncle, Vic (Jack Wetherall), who is also gay. An episode's plot was dedicated to Michael discovering his roots, and how his mother changed her name to have him believe that his father was a soldier and hero who died in the Vietnam war. His actual father was Danny Devore, played by Gary Beach who became a drag queen entertainer named Divina Devore.

Michael is best friends with Brian Kinney (Gale Harold), with whom he has been friends since they were 14 years old. Since the show's debut, their lives have gone in extremely different directions. Michael settles down with his partner, Ben Bruckner, a university professor, and the two eventually adopt teenage son Hunter. Michael is also (as of the end of season 4) the father of baby daughter, JR (short for Jenny Rebecca), whose primary parents are lesbian couple Melanie Marcus and Lindsay Peterson (Michael donated the sperm for Melanie's pregnancy, but nevertheless remains an active father figure to the baby girl). Brian, on the other hand, has led a very hedonistic and promiscuous life, filled with drugs and sex.

At the start of the series, Michael works at a Walmart-like store, called the Big Q. He dates David, a chiropractor (played by Chris Potter). He moves to Portland, Oregon at the end of the first season with David, only to return after they break up. He quits his job at the Big Q and buys a comic book store, his passion. He meets Ben, struggles to come to terms with Ben's HIV, but they eventually work out their issues.

In the second season, Michael and Justin Taylor (Randy Harrison), whom Brian labels his boyfriend in a "non-defined, non-conventional sort of way," created a comic book character named Rage, a gay superhero comic whose title character is based on Brian. The comic was a success, but a movie version in season four was cancelled due to a fickle Hollywood.

He is often very defensive of his best friend, Brian, and admits to having some feelings for him. For example, when Justin and Brian split up, Michael tells Justin to get out of their lives. After Lindsay and Melanie break up at the beginning of the fifth season, Michael becomes upset that his and Melanie's daughter is being raised in a broken home and an ugly custody battle ensues. Eventually, the three parents resolve their issues.

Brian has accused Michael of being a conformist homosexual and bases this on Michael having a partner, a house, and an adopted son. While Michael feels that this was always what he wanted, Brian accuses him of being a traitor. This issue is an ongoing one in the gay community: some gay-rights activists complain that other gays are conforming to a heterosexual lifestyle (Such as adopting children and moving away from the gay friendly cities and into the more banal and conservative suburbs), thereby ignoring and rendering useless their plight against homophobia. Some have even accused them of being self hating gays who wish they were straight.

In one of the final episodes, Michael is badly injured in a bomb explosion at the local gay nightclub, Babylon. He recovers (amongst great difficulty, as he was close to the bomb, which killed secondary lesbian character, Dusty, who was only a few feet away from him), and the series ends with him and Brian dancing in the burned out infrastructure of the building. However, as the camera tracks around them dancing, the destroyed club begins to transform to a restored Babylon, complete with people dancing and laser and strobe lights. The scene cuts to the outside of Babylon, showing the long queue of people waiting to get in. This shows that Brian changed his decision to not rebuild Babylon. The camera returns to Brian and Michael dancing, while he narrates (similarly to his narration at the opening of the series):
So the "thumpa thumpa" continues. It always will. No matter what happens. No matter who's president. As our lady of Disco, the divine Miss Gloria Gaynor has always sung to us: We will survive.

Lindsay Peterson

Lindsay Peterson is one of the main characters and is the domestic partner (and later wife) of Melanie Marcus.  Lindsay is also the biological mother of Gus, a son by way of artificial insemination from donor and longtime friend Brian Kinney, and the adoptive mother of Jenny Rebecca, Melanie's natural child by way of artificial insemination from donor and mutual friend Michael Novotny. Lindsay has a strained relationship with her mother and sister, who have never truly accepted her orientation. Although Mel is welcome at family events, both she and Lindsay are expected to bring male dates if people outside the family will be in attendance (such as Lindsay's sister's wedding)

Gus' parentage has been a source of contention between Lindsay, Melanie and Brian.  While Brian initially gives up his parental rights over Gus, he later tries to become a more prominent father figure in Gus' life, much to the chagrin of Melanie.

Lindsay and Melanie act through most of the series as the stable lesbian couple. Lindsay, in particular, helps Justin Taylor (Brian's lovelorn lover) in his pursuit of a career in art and has taken him into her care from time to time.

Lindsay became an art curator at a gallery when she returned to work a year after giving birth to Gus.  There she meets (male) fellow artist Sam, with whom Lindsay has an affair during the fourth season.  This causes the two women to separate. Lindsay moves out of the house and in to a small apartment with Gus, although for a brief time, they live with Lindsay's parents. This brief reconciliation is brought to an end when her mother tries to fix her up with a man; Lindsay tells her mother that in spite of her infidelity, she is still a lesbian, and that's something about her that will never change. Later on, Lindsay is the first to realize that the three-way custody battle between herself, Mel, and Michael is ruining Jenny Rebecca's life, and recuses herself from it for the sake of her daughter.

At the end of the series, after a bomb explosion targeting a gay and lesbian convention takes the life of a fellow lesbian friend Dusty, Lindsay and Melanie decide to reconcile permanently.  Lindsay and Melanie's last appearance on the show reveals that they have decided to move to Toronto, Ontario, Canada to avoid further government and personal persecution for being a homosexual couple. Although Michael gives them his blessing, Lindsay must spend her final days in Pittsburgh convincing Brian that letting Gus go is the right thing to do.

Ted Schmidt

Theodore "Ted" Schmidt begins the series as a bright accountant with an MBA from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. Ted is a few years older than his friends and was portrayed as having difficulty in finding sexual partners or building a romantic relationship. His earliest attempt, with a younger man named Blake, ends with Ted in a coma from an overdose of GHB. After recovering he meets Blake again and they start a relationship. Blake is still using substances and Ted checks him into rehab, but Blake disappears.

Jim Stockwell

Jim Stockwell, the chief of police for the Pittsburgh Police Force and is part of one of the major story arcs of the third season of the series.

The position for Mayor has become available, and Jim Stockwell is the Republican candidate (a red R next to his name on a TV screen during election night in the season finale is the only clear evidence to his actual party allegiance).  Stockwell was originally behind in the polls, but after Brian Kinney became his campaign manager, he was winning the race.

Stockwell is homophobic, and many characters, namely Debbie Novotny, are very vocal in their opposition to him, and this leads to many conflicts with Brian supporting his candidacy.  In fact, at one point in the series, Stockwell closes all the bars, clubs and bathhouses on Liberty Avenue except for Club Babylon, and there the infamous back room has been closed.

Stockwell fires Brian when he finds out that he is gay (one of his officers recognized him during a bust at the bar Woody's), but later re-hires him when he begins slipping in the polls once more.

Brian and his partner Justin are secretly working together on a smear campaign against Stockwell by posting negative flyers around Pittsburgh.  Stockwell catches Kinney in his apartment with the flyers, and he is fired by both Stockwell and his advertising firm, Vanguard.  Justin Taylor and Brian then find out that a young gay man named Jason Kemp who had been found dead in a dumpster early on in the series (frequently referred to as "Dumpster Boy") had been murdered by a cop Kenneth Rykert, Jim's former partner on the force. Stockwell conspired to keep this a secret by having Rykert retire from the force. Thanks to Hunter sleeping with him and snatching the condom Rykert wore during sex, Brian was able to confront him at a sleazy gay bar with the evidence and threaten to expose him and Stockwell. Before Rykert could be brought in for questioning for his connection to the murder of Jason Kemp by Carl Horvath, he was found in his home's garage with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.

Using all the money he has (and maxing out several credit cards), Kinney runs a series of ad campaigns highlighting Stockwell's corruption, causing the Liberty Avenue area to come out in droves on Election night and narrowly defeat Stockwell.

In the fourth season, Lindsay Peterson mentions that Stockwell had been indicted for his part in the cover-up.

Jennifer Taylor

Jennifer Taylor is Justin's mother.  In the first season, she suspects that Justin is gay after she sees some drawings in his sketchbook and a man's jockstrap in his room. When she confronts him about it the first time, he runs away, not knowing what to do. She takes him to see a therapist thinking that he is just confused, that he doesn't know what he wants yet. At first, she doesn't tell her husband that her son is gay. She and Justin go to an art exhibit so that they can mend their relationship. Instead, he takes this chance to have a quickie in the men's room, much to her dismay and sadness. She is invited to Justin's first art exhibit where she sees some erotic art pieces by Justin. When she sees Brian holding Justin in a suggestive way and kissing him, she realizes that he is the naked, sleeping man in one of Justin's drawings and that he has been sleeping with her son. She tells her husband Craig that their son is gay after she sees that an older man is the one who seduced him. During the rest of the season, she comes to terms with her son's homosexuality, with the help of Debbie Novotny. She ultimately divorces Craig.

At the beginning of the second season, she forbids Brian to see Justin after the attack because she thinks that he is indirectly responsible for her son's attack. After she is not able to control or touch Justin, she asks Brian to take him in since he is the only one whom Justin trusts. She becomes involved in PFLAG and is more involved in Justin's life. By the middle of the season, she is a real-estate agent and has come to accept Brian more and turns to him for extra support when trying to get something through to her son, like finding friends his own age.

She helps Ted and Emmett find a house so that they can live together. She lists Brian's loft for sale, several times. She also helps him find a building for his new headquarters for Kinnetik, an abandoned bath house. By the last season, she finally accepts Brian and tells him that she would be proud to have him as a son-in-law. She has a much younger boyfriend, "Tucker",  of whom Justin does not approve. In one of her final appearance in the series, she visits Justin in his apartment and "dances" with him; this is a symbolic gesture of her acceptance of him and of his relations with other men (Justin, in turn, indicates that he has come to terms with his mother's younger boyfriend); the character is last seen in the final episode waiting for Brian and Justin to appear at their rehearsal dinner.

Justin Taylor

Blake Wyzecki

Blake Wyzecki makes his first appearance in Season One, when he is flirting with Ted Schmidt.  Ted takes him home, and Blake gets him to try GHB, with disastrous results.  Ted falls into a coma and Blake runs out.  Ted later finds out that Blake called for an ambulance after he fled.

Toward the end of the first season, Ted sees Blake again at Club Babylon, clearly "tweaked out". Ted takes him to the hospital, and tries to get him rehabilitated.  In fact, Melanie Marcus goes as far to give Blake a position at her law firm, though he gets fired for not showing up, as it is clear he is still using crystal meth.  Ted checks him into a rehab center, but when he comes to check up on him the next day, Blake has checked himself out.

Blake does not reappear in the series until Season Three, when Ted hits rock-bottom and ends up at the same rehabilitation center he checked Blake into two years prior.  Blake, now sober, is a counselor there, and helps Ted to overcome his serious addiction.  Ted tries to start up a relationship with him, but after a one-night stand, Blake breaks it off, because he feels he is a hindrance on Ted's road to recovery.

During the final season, Blake and Ted reunite, and end up as a couple.

References

Queer as Folk
Queer as Folk
Queer as Folk

Queer as Folk
Fictional characters from Pittsburgh


Colorado Amendment 48 was an overwhelmingly defeated initiative to amend the definition of a person to "any human being from the moment of fertilization".

The initiative was proposed jointly by Kristine Burton and Michael Burton of the now-defunct organization, Colorado for Equal Rights.

This definition would have applied to all sections of Colorado law, thus giving a fetus the equal rights of life, liberty, and property as a fully developed, born person would.

Text of the Proposal
SECTION 1. Article II of the constitution of the state of Colorado is amended BY THE ADDITION OF A NEW SECTION to read:

Section 31. Person defined. AS USED IN SECTIONS 3, 6, AND 25 OF ARTICLE II OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION, THE TERMS "PERSON" OR "PERSONS" SHALL INCLUDE ANY HUMAN BEING FROM THE MOMENT OF FERTILIZATION.

Controversy
Colorado Right to Life supported the amendment. There was bipartisan opposition  -- Planned Parenthood and 2008 Colorado Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate Mark Udall were joined by anti-abortion Democratic Governor Bill Ritter, National Right to Life Committee (NRLC), and Republican Senate candidate Bob Schaffer.

Results

References

Amendment 48
Initiatives in the United States
Constitution of Colorado
U.S. state constitutional amendments


is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Office Watanabe.

Filmography

Television animation
Asatte no Hōkō (Friend B)
Avatar: The Last Airbender (Toph)
Blood+ (Boy)
Clannad After Story (Yū)
Love Get Chu ~Miracle Voice Actress Hakusho~ (Tsubasa Ono)
Otogi-Jūshi Akazukin (Hiroto Kisugi)
Pandora Hearts (Young Gilbert)

OVA
Mizu×Mizu Drops (Sae Uran)
Shigofumi: Letters from the Departed (Takuma Renkon)

Radio
Fuiatsū (FarEast Amusement Research/Enterbrain, guest personality)
Yurishii: Azuma no Love Get Chu Miracle Radio (Osaka Broadcasting Corporation)

CD
Pandora Hearts (Young Gilbert Nightray)

External links

Genki Project
Blog

1984 births
Living people
Voice actresses from Fukushima Prefecture
Japanese voice actresses


H. F. Lowe (full name and dates unknown) was an English cricketer who played for Hampshire.

Lowe made a single first-class appearance for the team, against Sussex in 1882. Batting in the lower order, Lowe scored a duck in the first innings of the match and did not bat in the second.

External links
H. F. Lowe at CricketArchive

English cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown


Covalent superconductors are superconducting materials where the atoms are linked by covalent bonds. The first such material was boron-doped synthetic diamond grown by the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method. The discovery had no practical importance, but surprised most scientists as superconductivity had not been observed in covalent semiconductors, including diamond and silicon.

History

The priority of many discoveries in science is vigorously disputed (see, e.g., Nobel Prize controversies). Another example, after Sumio Iijima has "discovered" carbon nanotubes in 1991, many scientists have pointed out that carbon nanofibers were actually observed decades earlier. The same could be said about superconductivity in covalent semiconductors. Superconductivity in germanium and silicon-germanium was predicted theoretically as early as in the 1960s. Shortly after, superconductivity was experimentally detected in germanium telluride. In 1976, superconductivity with Tc = 3.5 K was observed experimentally in germanium implanted with copper ions; it was experimentally demonstrated that amorphization was essential for the superconductivity (in Ge), and the superconductivity was assigned to Ge itself, not copper.

Diamond
Superconductivity in diamond was achieved through heavy p-type doping by boron such that the individual doping atoms started interacting and formed an "impurity band". The superconductivity was of type-II with the critical temperature Tc = 4 K and critical magnetic field Bc = 4 T. Later, Tc ≈ 11 K has been achieved in homoepitaxial CVD films.

Regarding the origin of superconductivity in diamond, three alternative theories were suggested: conventional BCS theory based on phonon-mediated pairing, correlated impurity band theory and spin-flip-driven pairing of holes weakly localized in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Experiments on diamonds enriched with 12C, 13C, 10B or 11B isotopes revealed a clear Tc shift, and its magnitude confirms the BCS mechanism of superconductivity in bulk polycrystalline diamond.

Carbon nanotubes
While there have been reports of intrinsic superconductivity in carbon nanotubes, many other experiments found no evidence of superconductivity, and the validity of these results remains a subject of debate. Note, however, a crucial difference between nanotubes and diamond: Although nanotubes contain covalently bonded carbon atoms, they are closer in properties to graphite than diamond, and can be metallic without doping. Meanwhile, undoped diamond is an insulator.

Intercalated graphite

When metal atoms are inserted (intercalated) between the graphite planes, several superconductors are created with the following transition temperatures:

Silicon
It was suggested that "Si and Ge, which also form in the diamond structure, may similarly exhibit superconductivity under the appropriate conditions", and indeed, discoveries of superconductivity in heavily boron doped Si (Si:B) and SiC:B have quickly followed. Similar to diamond, Si:B is type-II superconductor, but it has much smaller values of Tc = 0.4 K and Bc = 0.4 T. Superconductivity in Si:B was achieved by heavy doping (above 8 at.%), realized through a special non-equilibrium technique of gas immersion laser doping.

Silicon carbide
Superconductivity in SiC was achieved by heavy doping with boron or aluminum. Both the cubic (3C-SiC) and hexagonal (6H-SiC) phases are superconducting and show a very similar Tc of 1.5 K. A crucial difference is however observed for the magnetic field behavior between aluminum and boron doping: SiC:Al is type-II, same as Si:B. On the contrary, SiC:B is type-I. In attempt to explain this difference, it was noted that Si sites are more important than carbon sites for superconductivity in SiC. Whereas boron substitutes carbon in SiC, Al substitutes Si sites. Therefore, Al and B "see" different environment that might explain different properties of SiC:Al and SiC:B.

Hydrogen sulfide
At pressures above 90 GPa (gigapascal), hydrogen sulfide becomes a metallic conductor of electricity. When cooled below a critical temperature its high-pressure phase exhibits superconductivity. The critical temperature increases with pressure, ranging from 23 K at 100 GPa to 150 K at 200 GPa. If hydrogen sulfide is pressurized at higher temperatures, then cooled, the critical temperature reaches , the highest accepted superconducting critical temperature as of 2015. By substituting a small part of sulfur with phosphorus and using even higher pressures, it has been predicted that it may be possible to raise the critical temperature to above  and achieve room-temperature superconductivity.

See also

References

External links
International Workshop on superconductivity in Diamond and Related Materials 2005
International Workshop on Superconductivity in Diamond and Related Materials 2008
New Diamond and Frontier Carbon Technology Volume 17, No.1 Special Issue on Superconductivity in CVD Diamond
Some papers on superconducting diamond

Superconductivity
Superconductors


The Pilgrim Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for two-year-olds over a distance of  miles on the turf track scheduled annually in late September at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. The event currently offers a purse of $200,000.

History

The event was inaugurated on 29 October 1979 at Aqueduct Racetrack and was run over the  mile distance in split divisions as the sixth and eighth race on the card that day.

The race is named for Joseph E. Widener's horse, Pilgrim, winner of the 1919 Remsen Stakes.

In 1982 the event was classified as Grade III, upgraded to Grade II in 1988 for two runnings before being downgraded to Grade III. From 2001–2007 the race was not graded as in 2009 when the event was moved off the turf track due to the inclement weather and held over a shorter one mile distance.

The event was run in two divisions in the above mentioned inaugural 1979 and again in 1983.

The distance of the event has been changed several times but since 2010 the event has been run over the current distance of  miles.

The race was part of the Breeders' Cup Challenge series from 2008 to 2010, when the winner automatically qualified for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf.

The event was upgraded  to a Grade III event in 2020.

In 2022 the event was moved to Aqueduct Racetrack due to infield tunnel and redevelopment work at Belmont Park.

Records
Speed  record:
 miles:  1:41.04 – Annapolis   (2021)
 miles:  1:48.02 – Volponi (2000)

Margins:
 12 lengths – Diplomatic Jet (1994)

Most wins by an owner:
 2 –  Live Oak Racing (1981, 2001)

Most wins by a jockey:
 5 – John Velazquez (1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007)

Most wins by a trainer:
 6 –  Todd A. Pletcher (2007, 2009, 2017, 2021, 2022, 2023)

Winners

Legend:

Notes:

§ Ran as an entry

† Both divisions of the event were moved off the turf and onto the main track due to the inclement weather

See also
List of American and Canadian Graded races

References

1979 establishments in New York (state)
Horse races in New York (state)
Belmont Park
Flat horse races for two-year-olds
Turf races in the United States
Graded stakes races in the United States
Grade 3 stakes races in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 1979


"Who's Going Home With You Tonight?" is the first single from American rock band Trapt's 2008 album Only Through the Pain.

This song is also available as downloadable content for the Rock Band games.

Other media appearances
This song was featured on a September 27, 2008 episode of Cheaters where the crew and Kari Ivy confronted her boyfriend and his companion at a Trapt concert in Dallas, Texas.

References

2008 singles
Trapt songs
Song recordings produced by Garth Richardson
2008 songs
Eleven Seven Label Group singles


The Kinneret Academic College on the Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: המכללה האקדמית כנרת בעמק הירדן), also known as Kinneret College and Academic Kinneret (As part of rebranding in February 2019), is a college located on the southern shores of the Sea of Galilee in northern Israel.

History
The College was established in 1965 by Emek HaYarden Regional Council as a secondary school named Emek HaYarden Regional College for the people of the Jordan Valley and the Galilee region, which is reflected in the multi-cultural and multi-faith background of the student population: Jewish and Arab, secular and religious. Upon its establishment, the College allowed the locals to study on the afternoons and evenings, while maintaining their chores and routine assignments. Furthermore, the College conducted bachelor's degree completion studies for local tutors, since the College was affiliated with Bar Ilan University, as well as a curriculum for an engineer's degree, courtesy of the Technion, up until the inauguration of Achi Racov School of Engineering, in 2012.

Prior to the inauguration of its first official building, in October 1974, the College was operating from the Avraham Haft Youth Center in Samakh. In 1983, the College established a preparatory school, which combined studies with work in the kibbutzim of the area (Afikim, Masada, Degania Alef, Degania Bet, etc.), though nowadays the prep school's program no longer includes such working.

In its first year, the College had 60 students enrolled to its study programs. By 1969, 300 students were accounted for enrolling. About 450 students, by 1971. And from 1974, the college was educating about 500 students, which has been increasing every year since.

Academic Units and Facilities

School of Humanities and Social Science
 Tourism and Hotel Management (As of 2004)
 Communication studies (As of 2009)
 Behavioural sciences (As of 2010)
 Land of Israel studies (As of 2010)
 Education and Community
 Interdisciplinarity
Human Resources Management

Achi Racov School of Engineering
 Water Industry Engineering(As of 2010)
 Electrical and Electronic Engineering (As of 2004)
 Software Engineering (As of 2004)
  Gas and Petroleum Energy Engineering (As of 2004)
 Reliability and Quality engineering for the electronics industry. The department works in cooperation with the Israel Society for Quality, which organizes conferences and professional seminars on campus (As of 2010).
The unit's curriculum received a rating of "High Achievement" by the Technological Preparation Institute from the Ministry of Labor.

Kinneret Innovation Center for Entrepreneurship

Inaugurated in February 2019, the Center helps qualitative graduates with job application in the fields of Agricultural engineering and Biological engineering. The Innovation Center works in cooperation with Zemach Regional Industries, Emek HaYarden Regional Council, and Baruch Padeh Medical Center, as a greenhouse for high tech companies who are willing to help with the economical development of the Jordan Valley.

Research and Development Institutes

Kinneret Institute for Galilean Archaeology

Founded by Dr. Mordechai Aviam in 2005, and absorbed into the College in 2009, the institute works in cooperation with The Sue and Leonard Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies of the University of Miami, since 2008. The historic-archaeologic aspect of the Galilee has been the main purpose of research for the institute, which is reflected on events, such as the Jesus movement, the First Jewish–Roman War and the composition of the Talmud and the Mishnah, including the big concentration of ancient synagogues and Christian holy sites in the area.

Dan Shomron Institute for Society, Security and Peace Research

The Institute studies the economical, cultural, strategic and political aspects of the interactions between the Israeli society and all forms of security in the state, as well as their consequences.

The Bornblum Academic Department for Land of Israel Research

Inaugurated in December 2006, the establishment of the Department is a part of the expansion and academization process of Israeli colleges into the field of institutionalized research.

Science and Knowledge Center for Gifted and Outstanding students

Inaugurated in 1998, the Center operates on the behalf of the Ministry of Education, and teaches 200 gifted students, and 120 outstanding students, on average, all elementary school aged. The students are directed from towns and settlements of nearby areas, such as the Jordan Rift Valley, the southern Golan Heights and Afula.

Since 2004, the College has independent academic status and awards degrees in several fields of Engineering, Social Sciences and Humanities, including Media Studies and Tourism Management.

Human trafficking

Kinneret College and a subcontractor called Sachlav have been accused of luring foreign students from Asian and African countries to Israel under the guise of an eleven-month bachelor programme in business administration and agriculture. In fact, the students became victims of human trafficking and slavery. Kinneret College and Sachlav act as placement agencies for farmers in northern Israel. For the farmers, the programmes are a way to obtain foreign workers disguised as students. African students at Tel Aviv University reported similar experiences.

See also
List of universities and colleges in Israel
Education in Israel

References

External links
Kinneret College (Hebrew version)

Colleges in Israel
Educational institutions established in 1965
1965 establishments in Israel
Sea of Galilee


Torbjörn Arvidsson (born 6 May 1968) is a former Swedish football player, who played as a defender for Halmstads BK. He is currently the assistant manager of Hajduk Split.

Career

Starting his career in Kalmar FF he early moved to Halmstads BK in 1989, where he played until 2005.  During this time he became the player with most games in Allsvenskan for Halmstad so far, 306 games and 543 games in total, he won Allsvenskan twice and Svenska Cupen once and 1998-1999 he was the team captain and also playing several time in European cups.

He made his debut for the club in 1989 in the serie debut against Örebro SK and his last match became in the cup against Ystads IF FF in 2005.

Coaching career
From 2010 until he left Halmstad BK at the end of 2015, beside his role as the assistant manager of the first team, Arvidsson was also responsible for the clubs U-21 squad. Arvidsson continued his coaching career at Varbergs BoIS. He signed as an assistant manager on 4 January 2016. He left the club at the end of 2017 to join Kalmar FF, which already was announced in November 2017. Arvidsson was going to take charge of the U-17 squad.

On 7 January 2019, Arvidsson was promoted to the technical staff of the first team at Kalmar FF, functioning as one of the assistant managers.

Achievements

 Halmstads BK:
 Allsvenskan:
 Champion: 1997, 2000
 Stora Silvret (2nd): 2004
 Lilla Silvret (3rd): 1995, 1999
 Bronze: 1998

 Svenska Cupen:
 Champion: 1995

References

External links
 Svenskafans.com article

1968 births
Living people
Swedish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Allsvenskan players
Kalmar FF players
Halmstads BK players
Halmstads BK non-playing staff


Gordon P. Glisson (October 31, 1930 – February 23, 1997) was an American Champion Thoroughbred horse racing jockey.

Born in Winnsboro, South Carolina, at age fifteen he and his mother moved to Seattle, Washington. He began working at the Longacres Racetrack in nearby Renton, Washington then as an apprentice jockey rode in his first race at the Ak-Sar-Ben Racetrack in Omaha, Nebraska. In 1948, younger brother John Weldon Glisson would also become a jockey.

Within a few years, Gordon Glisson developed into a top jockey and in the 1948-1949 winter racing season he led all jockeys at Santa Anita Park in wins. In 1949 he also rode in New York State where he had four winners in one day and ended the year as the leading jockey in New York and in total won more races than any jockey in the United States. During his outstanding 1949 campaign he won the prestigious Santa Anita Derby with Old Rockport then rode him to a fourth-place finish in the Kentucky Derby and to eighth place in the Preakness Stakes. Among Glisson's other important wins, on January 26, 1950, he rode Miche to a huge upset win over the great Citation in the La Sorpresa Handicap at Santa Anita Park. In 1955, Glisson won another major West Coast event, capturing the Hollywood Gold Cup aboard King Ranch's, Rejected.

A fan favorite, The New Yorker magazine of March 5, 1949 (p. 79) wrote that "What impresses horsemen most is that his style is remarkably like that of the late George Woolf, even to the coolness he shows in tight finishes." In a similar vein, the October 31, 1949, issue of Time magazine did an article on Gordon Glisson titled "The Kid with the Cold Eye".

In 1950, Glisson was the first recipient of the newly created George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award given to a successful Thoroughbred racing jockey in North America who demonstrates high standards of personal and professional conduct, on and off the racetrack. In 2003, he was nominated for the Washington Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame.

Gordon Glisson was living in Ojai, California, when he died in 1997 at the Sherman Oaks Burn Center following an accident at his home.

References
 The History of Race Riding and the Jockeys' Guild by Turner Publishing Company (Compiler) (1999)

 Obituary excerpt for Gordon Glisson from the February 27, 1997 Los Angeles Daily News
 Corbis photos of Gordon Glisson

1930 births
1997 deaths
American jockeys
American Champion jockeys
People from Winnsboro, South Carolina
Sportspeople from Seattle


The Afeka — The Academic College of Engineering in Tel Aviv () is a public college in Tel Aviv, Israel. Afeka was established in 1996 and grants Bachelor and Masters degrees in engineering. The college offers 5 undergraduate programs with 17 fields of specialization as well as 5 graduate programs.

Afeka combines engineering programs with an emphasis on entrepreneurship. Programs at Afeka include electrical and electronic engineering; mechanical engineering; software engineering; industrial engineering and management; medical engineering, systems engineering, energy engineering, and engineering and management of service systems Master of Science programmes.

See also
List of Israeli universities and colleges
Education in Israel
Science and technology in Israel

References

External links
Afeka College of Engineering

Colleges in Israel
Universities and colleges in Tel Aviv
Educational institutions established in 1996
1996 establishments in Israel


Andreas Papagiannakopoulos (, 1845-1911) was a judge and a politician of Kalavryta and Achaea.

He was born in Leivartzi and moved to Patras at a young age. He studied law and was engaged in journalism, publishing the newspapers Pelopas and Toxotis in 1876. He became a municipal police officer in 1883 but was dismissed a year later.

He was elected as a Member of the Hellenic Parliament for Kalavryta in 1885 and continuously from 1887 until 1910 for the Achaea Prefecture.  He tried to be elected as mayor of Patras but without success.

He died on January 12, 1911, in Athens at the Evangelismos Hospital.  His funeral oration was read by Loukas Roufos.

See also
Politics of Greece

References
Patrinologimata, volume II, Nikos Politis, Peri Technon, Patras 2004,

1845 births
1911 deaths
Greek MPs 1885–1887
Greek MPs 1887–1890
Greek MPs 1890–1892
Greek MPs 1895–1899
Greek MPs 1899–1902
Greek MPs 1905–1906
Greek MPs 1906–1910
Greek MPs 1892–1895
Greek MPs 1902–1905
Greek journalists
Greek newspaper editors
People from Aroania
Politicians from Patras


The 72nd Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in west central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Frank Burns since 2009.

District profile
The 72nd District is located in Cambria County and includes the following areas:

Blacklick Township
Brownstown
 Cambria Township
Conemaugh Township
 Croyle Township
Daisytown
Dale
 East Conemaugh
 East Taylor Township
 Ebensburg
Ehrenfeld
Franklin
 Jackson Township
Johnstown
Lorain
 Lower Yoder Township
 Middle Taylor Township
Nanty Glo
Southmont
 Summerhill
 Upper Yoder Township
Vintondale
West Taylor Township
 Westmont

Representatives

Recent election results

References

Government of Cambria County, Pennsylvania
72


The Women's Shot Put F11-12 had its Final held on September 14 at 19:30.

Medalists

Results

References
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


Myra is an unincorporated community located within the town of Trenton in Washington County, Wisconsin, United States.

History
The hamlet of Myra was platted by Chauncy Gray and Jacob E. Young. The name for the hamlet, Myra, was originally named by Young's wife who found the name Myra in her Bible. Myra was predominantly a Bohemian settlement. It was a busy and industrious little village in its early days.

The pond located near the hamlet was a fine fishing and recreational area. The fish were so prolific that sometimes the waterwheel was blocked by the huge pickerel weighing  as much as twelve pounds. All went well until 1913 when, during a severe rain storm the dam broke and the pond drained into the Milwaukee River. The dam was never rebuilt.

The Trenton House, Myra's second tavern in the hamlet, was built in 1881 by Max Weinand. The Trenton House served as a hotel for the kiln and mill workers in the area. Later it was sold to Paul Hetebrueg who added a dance hall. Public dances were held at dancing hall. The Trenton House dance hall also rented to the Myra Literary Society who presented plays every spring.

References

Unincorporated communities in Washington County, Wisconsin
Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin


Bernard Martinus Scholtz (born 3 October 1990) is a Namibian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a slow left-arm bowler. He was born in Keetmanshoop. His brother, Nicolaas, four years his senior, has played first-class cricket since 2004.

Biography
Scholtz played for the Namibia under-19 national team at the 2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in Malaysia. He made five appearances during the competition proper, taking six wickets. He scored just two runs, but remained not out on every occasion. He is married to Lara Scholtz which is an Afrikaans second language teacher at Windhoek gymnasium.

Scholtz made his first-class debut in October 2008 against North West, scoring a second-ball duck in his debut innings. He was Namibia's youngest player at the 2009 Cricket World Cup Qualifier in South Africa. Playing against Boland in 2014-15 he took 8 for 116 and 5 for 66. In November 2016, he was named Player of the Year by Cricket Namibia at their annual awards ceremony. In January 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament.

He was the leading wicket-taker in the 2017–18 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup for Namibia, with 35 dismissals in nine matches.

In August 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In October 2018, he was named in Namibia's squad in the Southern sub region group for the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier tournament in Botswana.

In March 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. Namibia finished in the top four places in the tournament, therefore gaining One Day International (ODI) status. Scholtz made his ODI debut for Namibia on 27 April 2019, against Oman, in the tournament's final.

In May 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Namibia against Ghana on 20 May 2019.

In June 2019, he was one of twenty-five cricketers to be named in Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ahead of the 2019–20 international season. In September 2019, he was named in Namibia's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates.

In September 2021, Scholtz was named in Namibia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. In July 2022, in round 14 of the 2019–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 tournament, Scholtz took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.

References

External links

1990 births
Namibian people of German descent
White Namibian people
Living people
People from Keetmanshoop
Sportspeople from ǁKaras Region
Namibian cricketers
Namibia One Day International cricketers
Namibia Twenty20 International cricketers


The Pilot Valley Playa is a playa and salt pan in Box Elder County, Utah and Elko County, Nevada that is a remnant of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. Located in northwestern Utah and northeastern Nevada, the Pilot Valley Playa varies from five to ten miles wide, and is thirty miles long, with an elevation just above 4200 feet. It is bordered by the Pilot Mountains to the west, and the Silver Island Mountains to the southeast.

Springs are located in the alluvial fans at the base of the Pilot Range, and no water flows from the Silver Island Mountains.  Shallow groundwater (e.g., Bettridge Creek, with threatened Lahotan cutthroat trout) along the western edge of the playa varies from fresh water to brine over a distance of about 2,000 feet.

Pilot-Thousand Springs Watershed
The Pilot Valley Playa gets very little precipitation, experiences extreme temperatures and high wind speeds.

The playa is within the Pilot-Thousand Springs Watershed (USGS Huc 16020307), a  endorheic area.

References

Lines, Gregory C. (1979). Hydrology and Surface Morphology of the Bonneville Salt Flats and Pilot Valley Playa, Utah [Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2057]. Washington, D.C.:  United States Government Printing Office.

Great Salt Lake Desert
Salt flats of the United States
Landforms of Box Elder County, Utah
Landforms of Elko County, Nevada


Solace (formerly Solace Systems) is a middleware company based in Kanata / Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that manufactures and sells message-oriented middleware appliances and software that routes information between applications, devices and user interfaces.

Solace was founded in 2001 by Craig Betts, with the idea of embedding messaging functionality in hardware. Between then and 2016, the company raised more than $60 million from venture capital firms. In 2016, New York equity firm Bridge Growth Partners acquired a majority stake in Solace with an investment of more than $100 million. In 2017, former Halogen Software CEO Les Rechan was hired as CEO of Solace, with Betts serving as the company’s executive chairman. In 2020, Denis King, the company's COO, was appointed as CEO of Solace, replacing Les Rechan.

References

External links
 Solace official website

Networking companies
Companies based in Ottawa


Amendment 58 was a proposed initiative on the Colorado ballot of 2008 regarding Colorado's severance tax. It was turned down by 57.9% of the voters.

Effect

The initiative stated that Amendment 58 would:

"increase the amount of state severance taxes paid by oil and natural gas companies, primarily by eliminating an existing state tax credit
"allocate the increased severance tax revenue to college scholarships for state residents, wildlife habitat, renewable energy projects, transportation projects in energy-impacted areas, and water treatment grants
"exempt all oil and gas severance tax revenue from state and local spending limits.

Conflict with Amendment 52
Both Amendments 58 and 52 in the 2008 election regarded the handling of Colorado's use of the severance tax. While Amendment 58 would have allocated some of this money to college scholarships and natural resource conservation, 52 would have directed the money into improving Interstate 70 in Colorado (I-70).

Results

References

Amendment 58
Initiatives in the United States
Constitution of Colorado
Severance taxes
U.S. state constitutional amendments


HIFF may refer to:

Hamptons International Film Festival
Harlem International Film Festival
Hawaii International Film Festival
Helsinki International Film Festival
Hyderabad International Film Festival
Haifa Independent Film Festival
Heartland Film Festival


Ernest "Ernie" Moross (1873 or 1874 – April 4, 1949) was an early-twentieth-century press agent and promoter specializing in American motorsports. He was a longtime associate of the first American auto racing superstar, Barney Oldfield. Moross also obtained distinction as the first Contest Director for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. He left the Speedway in 1910 to campaign the Fiat racing team.

Early career
Like most of the pioneer American auto racers, Ernie Moross began his career racing bicycles on wooden velodromes in the 1890s. While there is no record of Moross enjoying exceptional success as an athlete, he is likely to have developed contacts with other participants, including Oldfield and Carl Graham Fisher who later founded the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 1909.

Work with Oldfield
Moross first began work with Barney Oldfield  when the driver signed on to the Peerless racing team to drive the infamous "Green Dragon" racer in 1904. He formed the Moross Amusement Company and soon hired another noted promoter, William Pickens to act as front man for their operation. Moross made arrangements with county fair horse tracks and Pickens would paste broadsides on store fronts, telephone poles and barns to publicize the coming event. They traveled throughout the country attracting crowds full of people that in some cases had never seen an automobile. They were the leaders in the era's entertainment genre called "barnstorming". The events were more frequently staged than not and typically drew strong crowds of the curious. With Moross' help, Oldfield became a grassroots hero.

Moross brokered the deal for Oldfield to purchase the 1909 "Blitzen Benz," a 200-horsepower, chain drive 21.5 liter machine from the New York Benz Auto Import Company for $6,000 and the trade-in of an older, smaller Benz racer. Oldfield broke the world land speed record on the sands of Ormond-Daytona Beach at 131.7 MPH on March 16, 1910. Moross and Oldfield remained in contact throughout their lives.

Director of Contests, Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Moross worked at the Speedway from 1909–1910. Moross was hired by Carl Fisher as his press agent almost immediately after work began to develop the terrain that would support the Speedway. It was Moross' idea to build a scale model of the track facing Crawfordsville Road so those passing the location could stop and get a feel for the layout. Moross promoted all the Indianapolis Motor Speedway events during 1909 and the first race meet on the newly brick-paved track in 1910. In addition, he was the starter of the first motorized event at the Speedway, the August 1909 motorcycle races. He was also responsible for engineering the first trip around the track by a woman. Journalist Betty Blythe  rode "shotgun" with Bob Burman August 17, 1909, and then wrote a feature article about it that appeared in the Indianapolis Star the following day.

Moross was also a key figure in the development of the May 1910 auto race meet at the Speedway, unique in its presentation of such odd events as an obstacle course contest that included wooden ramps and a trip through the Speedway's landmark ditch at the inside of the track's southwest turn.

Work with Bob Burman and Teddy Tetzlaff

Moross purchased Oldfield's team for $13,500 before the 1911 season and shortly after the driver was suspended by the AAA for staging an unsanctioned match race at Sheepshead Bay against World Heavyweight Boxing Champion Jack Johnson in October 1910. The team featured the Blitzen Benz, a Knox Automobile and the Darracq that won the 1905 Vanderbilt Cup. Moross Amusement Company arranged for "Wild" Bob Burman to drive the car at Ormond-Daytona in April 1911, establishing a new record at over 141.73 MPH. The world land speed record was all Moross needed to create a money making exhibition show. Although the car's engine was far too large to meet the technical specifications of the first Indianapolis 500 in May 1911, the car made exhibition runs the morning of the race and set new track records at the quarter mile, half mile, kilometer and mile distances.

After these headline generating achievements, Moross, Burman and the Benz went on tour with a supporting cast of Louis Disbrow, Billy Knipper and H.J. Kilpatrick driving a Mercedes and a 1906 Grand Prix Hotchkiss. Moross and Burman continued to work together in 1912 and 1913, introducing a new 300 HP "Jumbo" Benz and set a new one mile dirt track record of 75.24 MPH at Brighton Beach in September.

In 1914 the Moross Amusement Company engaged Californian Teddy Tetzlaff to campaign the 300 HP Benz, naming it "Blitzen Benz 2." Tetzlaff broke the world land speed record mark by running 142.8 MPH on the Bonneville Salt Flats.

Notes

References
 Barney Oldfield, The Life and Times of America's Legendary Speed King, William Nolan, Brown Fox Books, 2002, pages 54,62,89,92,101,102.
 500 Miles to Go, Al Bloemker, Coward McCann, 1966, pages 43,44,45,50,54,84.
  Indianapolis Star, "Contest Director of Speedway Races," May 27, 1910.
 Indianapolis Star, "Death Nearly Wins Motorcycle Races," August 15, 1909, page 1.
 firstsuperspeedway.com
 Mercedes and Auto Racing in the Belle Epoque, 1895–1915, Robert Dick, McFarland, 2005, pages 202-210.

1870s births
1949 deaths
American sportswriters
Place of birth missing
Writers from Indianapolis


Referendum L was a referendum in Colorado, USA in 2008, to lower the age requirement to participate in the Colorado State Legislature from 25 to 21. The measure was rejected by voters 53.7% to 46.3% on November 4, 2008.

See also
List of Colorado ballot measures

Results

References

External links
Referendum L: Age Qualification for Serving in General Assembly - Full Text (PDF)

Referendum L


Geriatric nephrology is the branch of internal medicine and geriatric medicine that deals with diseases of the kidney.

It is a growing subspecialty of geriatrics. Patients who are living longer may acquire diseases that accelerate chronic kidney disease, which often remains undetected until patients are confronted with the sudden need for dialysis.

International Society for Geriatric Urology and Nephrology is dedicated to this issue and has its own journal.

A book about geriatric nephrology was published in 1986 by Bernard Davis, M. Michelis.

The American Society of Nephrology has a grant in Geriatric Nephrology.

In the United States, the median age of patients starting dialysis is 64.8 years old, yet the fastest growing segment of the dialysis population is 75 years and older. Geriatric nephrology emphasizes early identification and aggressive intervention, as well as the incorporation of geriatric and palliative care principles that emphasize independence and functionality.

References

Nephrology
Geriatrics


In numerical analysis, Gauss–Legendre quadrature is a form of Gaussian quadrature for approximating the definite integral of a function. For integrating over the interval , the rule takes the form:

where

 n is the number of sample points used,
 wi are quadrature weights, and
 xi are the roots of the nth Legendre polynomial.

This choice of quadrature weights wi and quadrature nodes xi is the unique choice that allows the quadrature rule to integrate degree  polynomials exactly.

Many algorithms have been developed for computing Gauss–Legendre quadrature rules. The Golub–Welsch algorithm presented in 1969 reduces the computation of the nodes and weights to an eigenvalue problem which is solved by the QR algorithm. This algorithm was popular, but significantly more efficient algorithms exist. Algorithms based on the Newton–Raphson method are able to compute quadrature rules for significantly larger problem sizes. In 2014, Ignace Bogaert presented explicit asymptotic formulas for the Gauss–Legendre quadrature weights and nodes, which are accurate to within double-precision machine epsilon for any choice of n ≥ 21. This allows for computation of nodes and weights for values of n exceeding one billion.

History
Carl Friedrich Gauss was the first to derive the Gauss–Legendre quadrature rule, doing so by a calculation with continued fractions in 1814. He calculated the nodes and weights to 16 digits up to order n=7 by hand. Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi discovered the connection between the quadrature rule and the orthogonal family of Legendre polynomials. As there is no closed-form formula for the quadrature weights and nodes, for many decades people were only able to hand-compute them for small n, and computing the quadrature had to be done by referencing tables containing the weight and node values. By 1942 these values were only known for up to n=16.

Definition

For integrating f over  with Gauss–Legendre quadrature, the associated orthogonal polynomials are Legendre polynomials, denoted by . With the -th polynomial normalized so that , the -th Gauss node, , is the -th root of  and the weights are given by the formula

Some low-order quadrature rules are tabulated below for integrating over .

For integrating over a general real interval , a change of interval can be applied to convert the problem to one of integrating over .

Algorithms

Newton–Raphson methods
Several researchers have developed algorithms for computing Gauss–Legendre quadrature nodes and weights based on the Newton–Raphson method for finding roots of functions. Various optimizations for this specific problem are used. For instance, some methods compute  to avoid issues associated with clustering of the roots  near the ends of the interval  and . Some methods utilize formulas to approximate the weights and then use a few iterations of Newton-Raphson to lower the error of the approximation to below machine precision.

Golub–Welsch
In 1969, Golub and Welsch published their method for computing Gaussian quadrature rules given the three term recurrence relation that the underlying orthogonal polynomials satisfy. They reduce the problem of computing the nodes of a Gaussian quadrature rule to the problem of finding the eigenvalues of a particular symmetric tridiagonal matrix. The QR algorithm is used to find the eigenvalues of this matrix. By taking advantage of the symmetric tridiagonal structure, the eigenvalues can be computed in  time, as opposed to the  time expected for a generic eigenvalue problem.

Asymptotic formulas
Various methods have been developed that use approximate closed-form expressions to compute the nodes. As mentioned above, in some methods formulas are used as approximations to the nodes, after which some Newton-Raphson iterations are performed to refine the approximation. In a 2014 paper, Ignace Bogaert derives asymptotic formulas for the nodes that are exact up to machine precision for  and for the weights that are exact up to machine precision for . This method does not require any Newton-Raphson iterations or evaluations of Bessel functions as other methods do. As shown in the paper, the method was able to compute the nodes at a problem size of one billion in 11 seconds. Since the nodes near the endpoints of  become very close to each other at this problem size, this method of computing the nodes is sufficient for essentially any practical application in double-precision floating point.

Higher precision
Johansson and Mezzarobba describe a strategy to compute Gauss–Legendre quadrature rules in arbitrary-precision arithmetic, allowing both small and large . A rule of order  with 1000 digits of precision can be calculated in around one second. Their method uses Newton–Raphson iteration together with several different techniques for evaluating Legendre polynomials. The algorithm also provides a certified error bound.

Gil, Segura and Temme describe iterative methods with fourth order convergence for the computation of Gauss–Jacobi quadratures (and, in particular, Gauss–Legendre). The methods do not require a priori estimations of the nodes to guarantee its fourth-order convergence. Computations of quadrature rules with even millions of nodes and thousands of digits become possible in a typical laptop.

Comparison with other quadrature rules
Gauss–Legendre quadrature is optimal in a very narrow sense for computing integrals of a function f over , since no other quadrature rule integrates all degree  polynomials exactly when using n sample points. However, this measure of accuracy is not generally a very useful one---polynomials are very simple to integrate and this argument does not by itself guarantee better accuracy on integrating other functions.

Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature is based on approximating f by a polynomial interpolant at Chebyshev nodes and integrates polynomials of degree up to n exactly when given n samples. Even though it does not integrate polynomials or other functions that are analytic in a large neighborhood of  as well as Gauss–Legendre quadrature, Clenshaw–Curtis converges at approximately the same rate as Gauss–Legendre quadrature for most (non-analytic) integrands. Also, Clenshaw–Curtis shares the properties that Gauss–Legendre quadrature enjoys of convergence for all continuous integrands f and robustness to numerical rounding errors. Clenshaw–Curtis is straightforward to implement in  time by FFT-based methods.

Newton–Cotes quadrature is based on approximating f by a polynomial interpolant at equally-spaced points in , and like Clenshaw–Curtis also integrates polynomials of degree up to n exactly when given n samples. However, it suffers from Runge's phenomenon as n increases; Newton–Cotes does not converge for some continuous integrands f, and when it does converge it may suffer from numerical rounding errors. Thus, both Clenshaw–Curtis and Gauss–Legendre enjoy substantial benefits over Newton–Cotes for moderate to large n.

References

Sources

Numerical integration (quadrature)


The François Chalais Prize (French: Prix François Chalais) is awarded at two main events, the Cannes Film Festival (since 1997) and the Young Reporters' Awards (since 1999). It has also offered awards for the Film Festival of Sarlat (2006–2009), and for the Scénario Honfleur (2006–2009).

Background
The François Chalais Prize was created in 1996 by his wife Mei-Chen Chalais to pay tribute to the work of the great reporter and film-maker who covered nearly fifty editions of the Festival. It is awarded each year on the eve of the official competition awards announcement and rewards a film dedicated to the values of journalism.

Winners

Cannes Film Festival (1997 - present)

References

External links
 Association François Chalais

Cannes Film Festival
Lists of films by award
French film awards
Awards established in 1997


HMS Santa Margarita was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She had been built for service with the Spanish Navy, but was captured after five years in service, eventually spending nearly 60 years with the British.

Spanish career
Santa Margarita was built at Ferrol in 1774. In the action of 11 November 1779 Captain Alex Graeme of   brought her to battle off Lisbon and captured her. She was taken into Royal Navy service by an Admiralty Order of 16 March 1780; she was then repaired and refitted at Sheerness between February 1780 and June 1781.

British career

American Revolution
Santa Margarita was commissioned in March 1781 under Captain Elliot Salter, who sailed her to North America where she formed part of George Johnstone's squadron in June 1781.

On 29 July 1782 she captured the 36-gun Amazone off Cape Henry, but the next day the squadron under Vaudreuil intervened, recapturing Amazone.

Two months later, on 30 September, Santa Margarita captured the American privateer Hendrick.

Santa Margarita was repaired at Bucklers Hard between 1790 and 1793, followed by a period fitting out at Portsmouth.

French Revolutionary Wars
Santa Margarita was recommissioned under Captain Eliab Harvey in 1793, and sailed to the Leeward Islands in December that year. She then formed part of the fleet in the West Indies under John Jervis, and was present at the capture of Martinique in February 1794.  By August 1794 she was in Sir John Borlase Warren's squadron, and was present at the destruction of Volontaire on the Penmarks on 23 August 1794, and the capture of Espion and the destruction of Alerte in Audierne Bay on that day.

On 29 March 1795 she was sailing with  when the two engaged and captured the 18-gun Jean Bart in the English Channel. Jean Bart was subsequently taken into service as . A few days earlier the squadron to which Cerberus and Santa Margarita belonged shared in the capture of Jean Bart and the recapture of .

In April 1795 Santa Margarita came under the command of Captain Thomas Byam Martin.

In September 1795 a French squadron captured Hibberts, Chisolm, master, as she was sailing from Jamaica to London, but Santa Margarita recaptured her.

At the action of 8 June 1796 she captured the French Tamise, which had previously been . Santa Margarita had two killed and three wounded in the action. She went on to capture the 16-gun privateer Buonoparte on 24 October 1796, and the 18-gun privateer Vengeur the following day. Buonoparte was the former packet King George. Santa Margarita sent both into Cork. Vengeur was armed with 18 guns and had a crew of 110 men. She was nine days out of Brest when Santa Margarita captured her. Vengeur had captured the ship Potomah, which had been sailing from Poole to Newfoundland with a cargo of merchandise; the British recaptured Potomah.

Captain George Parker assumed command of Santa Margarita in December 1796. On 21 June 1797 she captured the privateer San Francisco (alias Los Amigos) off the Irish coast. San Francisco was pierced for 14 guns and had a crew of 53 men. She was from St Sebastian and had cruised between Scilly and Cape Clear for 20 days without having captured anything. She was apparently quite new and sailed well. Parker observed that with better luck she might have done some mischief.

Parker went on to have further success against privateers. He captured the 16-gun Adour off Cape Clear on 10 July 1797 and the 16-gun Victorine on 8 August in the same area.

Santa Margarita sailed to the Leeward Islands again in March 1798, and at the end of the year captured the 14-gun privateer Quatorze Juillet.

Lloyd's List (LL) reported on 28 May 1799 that the West Indiaman , Watkins, master, had been captured. However, Santa Margarita had recaptured her and sent her into Martinico.

Santa Margarita sailed to Jamaica in August 1801, coming under the command of Captain Augustus Leveson-Gower in April 1802, followed by Captain Henry Whitby in 1803.

Napoleonic Wars
Santa Margarita was on the Irish station in 1804, followed by a period in the Channel between 1804 and 1807 under Captain Wilson Rathbone. She was re-coppered at Plymouth in 1805 and again in 1806, and laid up in ordinary there between 1812 and 1813.

Fate
She was fitted as a lazarette in April 1814 and moved to Pembroke. She became a quarantine ship at Milford between 1814 and 1825, and was fitted out between 1824 and 1826 to allow her to be sailed to Liverpool. She was probably sold there on 8 September 1836 for the sum of £1,710.

Citations

References

External links

Ships built in Spain
1774 ships
Fifth-rate frigates of the Royal Navy


L’Espalier was a French restaurant located in Boston, Massachusetts, in the Back Bay neighborhood, adjacent to the Mandarin Oriental Hotel. The chef and owner of L'Espalier was Frank McClelland, who received a James Beard Foundation Award in 2007 for Best Northeast Chef.

History
Chef Moncef Meddeb opened L'Espalier on Boylston Street between Arlington and Berkeley in 1978. It moved to an 1880s-era brick townhouse on Gloucester Street in 1982 and was purchased by McClelland in 1988. The restaurant moved again into the Mandarin Oriental complex in 2008. It was designed by Martin Vahtra of Projects Design in New York. L'Espalier is known locally as a popular place for marriage proposals and celebrity sightings.

On March 27, 2013 McClelland celebrated their 35th anniversary with a specially designed six course tasting menu including Jonah crab bisque, branzino and rack of lamb.

L'Espalier closed permanently upon the expiration of its lease on December 31, 2018.

Food

L'Espalier served locally grown produce prepared in classically French ways, offering lunch in the afternoon and dinner nightly with tea service on the weekends 1:30 to 3:00 p.m. Patrons could choose from three prix-fixe menu, the seasonal degustation (tasting) menu or the Chef's tasting journey. First courses included almond-dusted veal sweetbreads with morels and wilted baby mustard greens, with main course options such as pan-roasted East Coast halibut and Vermont rabbit.

Staff
 Frank McClelland: Chef/Proprietor
 Logan Foos: Chef de Cuisine
 Louis Risoli: Maitre d’ & Fromager

Awards and accolades

 AAA Five-Diamond Award recipient: 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000
 Mobil Four-Star Award recipient: 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998
 Zagat Survey of Boston Restaurants, "#1 Food" Rating:2015, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998
 DiRoNa Award recipient: 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998

See also
 List of French restaurants

References

External links

Defunct restaurants in Boston
Restaurants established in 1978
Restaurants disestablished in 2018
1978 establishments in Massachusetts
2018 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Defunct French restaurants in the United States
French restaurants in Massachusetts