Lai Đại Hàn (; ), sometimes Lai Daihan or Lai Tai Han, is a Vietnamese term for a racially mixed person born to a South Korean father and a Vietnamese mother as a result of South Korea's participation in the Vietnam War. Political controversies continue due to the fact that some of the generation were conceived through wartime sexual assault, which is currently unacknowledged by the South Korean government, and due to the unequal and discriminatory treatment they have faced from the Vietnamese government.

Etymology

Definition
A 2010 article in the academic journal Pacific Affairs followed the phrase "Lai Daihan" with the following in parentheses: "(the) children of South Korean fathers and Vietnamese women during the Vietnam War".

The noun or adjective lai (chữ Nôm: 𤳆) can mean any hybrid, including an animal or tree, but in this context is pejorative, meaning "mixed-blood". "Đại Hàn" (chữ Hán: 大韓) was the standard Vietnamese term for South Korea (the Sino-Vietnamese equivalent of ), although today "Hàn Quốc" (Hanguk in Korean) is more common. Since "lai" is offensive the term "lai Đại Hàn" itself does not appear in official Vietnamese sources, except in relation for example to the name of the South Korean film "Lai Đại Hàn."

Causes and numbers
The number of Lai Dai Han that were born as a result of rape of South Vietnamese women by South Korean troops remains under debate, with one study positing that are as many as 150,000. According to Susumu Nomura, roughly 90% of Lai Dai Han cases resulted from South Korean troops and businessmen engaged in consensual relationships with Vietnamese women, but were forced to leave after the departure of South Korean forces from South Vietnam in early 1973 or during the Fall of Saigon in 1975.

The exact number of Lai Dai Han is unknown. According to Busan Ilbo, there are at least 5,000 and as many as 30,000. According to Maeil Business, however, there are 1,000 at least. A 1998 paper which was cited in a 2015 paper said that the South Korean government put the number of Lai Dai Han at 1,500.

There were estimated to be 800 mothers of Lai Dai Han conceived due to rape who were still alive in 2015, from a petition calling for an apology from the Korean government.

Reports of sexual assault
An August 16, 2013 article in PRI said that South Korean Defense Ministry spokesman, Kwon Ki-hyeon, stated that "Such intentional, organized and systemized civilian massacres by the Korean army are impossible. If such an incident did exist, it would have been exposed and made public a long time ago. The Republic of Korea fought in Vietnam to stop the Communization of a free South Vietnam. Since our army executed our mission under strict rules, there was no sexual exploitation of Vietnamese women." The article also noted that "Historians agree that Korean troops fathered a large number of mixed Korean-Vietnamese children called Lai Dai Han. But it remains unclear the extent to which this was battlefield rape versus prostitution."

An April 25, 2015 article in The Hankyoreh stated that Kim Nak-yeong, who was a staff sergeant at Bình Khê in Bình Định Province, South Vietnam from May 1971 to June 1972 said, "Some of the units didn't cause any problems because they were strictly instructed not to do harm to civilians. However, I heard a lot of talk about brutal sexual assaults taking place throughout the operation zones, and my understanding is that there's a definite possibility it was true." The article also reported quotes from the interviews of ten elderly Vietnamese women who said to be victims of sexual assaults perpetrated by the South Korean military during the Vietnam War in Bình Định Province. One stated that, "Four people took turns doing it to me one at a time", and another was quoted as saying, "They'd put one person at a time in the trench, keep me there all day and night and just rape me again and again".

An October 30, 2016, article in The Hankyoreh said that Jang Ui-seong, head of the Vietnam Veterans' Association of Korea (VVAK), was representing 831 plaintiffs in a defamation lawsuit against  for her 2014 interview in the Japanese newspaper Shūkan Bunshun, 2016 interview in The Hankyoreh and statements she made in a video. According to the article, the VVAK denied Ku's research of the South Korean military's conduct during the Vietnam War by saying that "all" of it had been "falsehoods and forgeries". The VVAK continued by saying its veterans have said that "all" of the victims were "Viet Cong disguised as civilians" and that "no sexual violence occurred". Ku's research is backed by interviews of Vietnamese people, "documentation from several investigations by the Vietnamese government", 60 Vietnam War victim memorials in Vietnam, and three Vietnam War "memorials of hatred to South Korean troops". The article said that Ku had as evidence "33 different official documents", several of which were from the "US military command in Vietnam from 1968 to 1970".

Impacts on Korean society
Stephen Epstein, Director of the Asian Studies Programme at the Victoria University of Wellington, said that "Korea's legacy in Vietnam encompasses feelings of guilt, especially in a very concrete manifestation: thousands of children of mixed Korean-Vietnamese descent, the Lai Dai Han, a significant proportion of whom were abandoned by their fathers."

A 25 April 2015 article in The Hankyoreh said that Yoon Mi-hyang, president of The Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan, said the following while addressing the elderly Vietnamese women she had interviewed who said to have been sexually assaulted by the South Korean military during the Vietnam War, "I can't think of anything I can say to all of you. We were innocent victims too, but hearing now that Vietnamese women were victimized by us Koreans, we feel mortified and sorry as Koreans. That is why we intend to combine our strength and raise the Butterfly Fund to provide some small help to the victims." The Butterfly Fund was started on March 8, 2012, to help people who experience sexual violence during times of war. A 2015 article in The Hankyoreh said, "Now it's time for Seoul to sit down with Vietnamese authorities to find out the truth not only about the civilian massacres that took place during the Vietnam War, but also about the extent of military authorities' involvement in operating and managing "welfare stations" for their troops - and to take appropriate follow-up action."

Discrimination within Vietnam
After the war, under communism The Lai Dai Han's mother were accused of being collaborators with enemy countries, and were confiscated, ideologically educated, and imprisoned.

The Lai Dai Han community has been facing social exclusion due to their "mixed ethnicity". It has been reported that many cannot read or write, with most not having access to basic health and education services.  In addition to living with "stigma, shame and prejudice", the community also faces acute poverty as of 2020.

A March 27, 2020, article in BBC News details some testimonies of the women of the Lai Dai Han community, who reported that their children "have faced a lifetime of abuse and discrimination, mocked for being Lai Dai Han".

Memorials
An April 27, 2016, article in Tuổi Trẻ said that artists Kim Seo-kyung and Kim Eun-sung would show their Vietnam Pieta statue on May 4, 2016, to the Korean-Vietnamese Peace Foundation. This Vietnam Pieta statue would be used as a model for two statues: one statue that would go in Vietnam and one statue that would go in South Korea. The Vietnam Pieta statue depicted a mother holding a child, and the statue was reminiscent of the Pietà statue from the fifteenth century. The two artists said that the Vietnam Pieta statue was intended to convey a "message of apology and repentance of the South Korean people" to the Vietnamese people for the lives of the Vietnamese people that were lost in "massacres" by the South Korean military with particular focus on the children who were massacred by the South Korean military.

A January 16, 2016, article in The Hankyoreh said that the Kim Seo-gyeong and Kim Woon-seong, the two artists who made the Vietnam Pieta statue, did an interview on January 12, 2016. In that interview, the two artists said that "The South Korean government must demand and it must receive an exact apology from the Japanese government about the issue of the comfort women. Likewise, it must make an exact apology for the massacre of civilians during the Vietnam War. The government isn't fulfilling its role on either of these things right now".

An October 12, 2016 news article reported that the Danang Museum received the "Pieta Vietnam" statue on October 11, 2016, along with 51 other items. These included thirty photographs about a South Korean movement called "An apology to Vietnam", books about the Vietnam War, documentary videos about the Vietnam War, and six pictures that memorialized people who were massacred by South Korean military forces during the Vietnam War.

In June 2018 the Mother and Child by British artist Rebecca Hawkins was unveiled in Church House, Westminster and is sited in St James's Square to stand and speak for the women and their children of the Lai Dai Han, and all victims of sexual violence in conflict around the world. The sculpture was commissioned by the campaign, Justice for Lai Dai Han.

Calls for apologies

On August 23, 2001, South Korean President Kim Dae-jung expressed his condolences for violence that South Korea unintentionally committed against the Vietnamese people during the Vietnam War, stating "I am sorry about the fact that we took part in an unfortunate war and unintentionally created pain for the people of Vietnam." and pledged to continue support of Vietnam's national development by giving $19,600,000 of South Korea's Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) to the "solid waste treatment business". The International Policy Digest described Kim's statement as an "indirect apology".

On October 14, 2015, a letter signed by ten Vietnamese women who said they were raped by the South Korean military during the Vietnam War signed a letter to be delivered to Ban Ki-moon, Secretary General of the United Nations, asking for a "formal apology".

On October 19, 2015, a petition with close to 29,000 signatures asked South Korean president Park Geun-hye for a formal apology from the South Korean government for the systematic rape and sexual assault done by South Korean soldiers to Vietnamese women during the Vietnam War. An October 27, 2015, news article said that United States politician Norm Coleman requested on October 13, 2015, for South Korean president Park Geun-hye to make a public apology for the Vietnamese women who were raped by the South Korean military during the Vietnam War. Coleman said, "What happened to these women, so many of whom lost their innocence at the hands of South Korean soldiers, is one of the great untold tragedies of the Vietnam War".

On June 9, 2017, the Vietnamese government lodged an official protest with the South Korea Embassy regarding President Moon Jae-in honored veterans those who fought in the Vietnam War in a speech on South Korea's Memorial Day, June 8, 2017. "We request the government of South Korea not to take actions or make statements that could hurt the Vietnamese people or negatively affect the two countries' friendly relations," Vietnam's foreign ministry spokesperson Lê Thị Thu Hằng said in a statement.

On June 10, 2019, some members of Justice for Lai Dai Han delivered a letter by hand to be delivered to Prime Minister Theresa May regarding the Lai Dai Han.

A June 19, 2020, article in The Independent said that "the government of South Korea has never recognized or investigated the allegations of sexual violence made by the Lai Dai Han".

Education
A 2016 article in Daily Kos said that several Asian-American groups have asked California's Instructional Quality Commission to include what South Korea's military did during the Vietnam War into school textbooks, but it said that handling the issue of "sexual violence" would be a "delicate task".

In the late 1990s after the story of Lai Dai Han emerged in Korea, a charity fraud involving a fundraising campaign intended to teach Lai Dai Han the Korean language and culture had defrauded Korean donors.

Comparisons to comfort women

In a Japanese magazine article by a Tokyo Broadcasting System writer Noriyuki Yamaguchi alleged that comfort women facilities were set up and operated by Korean forces during the war. The article said that in July 2014, Yamaguchi found a letter to Korean General Chae Myung-shin from the US military command in Saigon that appeared to have been written sometime from January 1969 to April 1969 . The article by Noriyuki Yamaguchi alleges that comfort stations were operated by South Koreans much in the same way that comfort women facilities were used by Japanese forces, and accused Park Geun-hye of hypocrisy for highlighting the human rights issues around comfort women while not paying attention to this fact.

A September 4, 2016, opinion piece in The Korea Times discussed the issue of whether or not there were Vietnamese "comfort women" during the Vietnam War, focusing on the term "comfort women" in its analysis. The article said that despite reports of sexual assaults done to South Vietnamese women by the South Korean military during the Vietnam War, the situation is not analogous as there had been no reports of "recruitment, transportation, housing and supplies, management, payment and the post-war dealings with victims" of a comfort women operation as part of a "formal military policy". Because what South Korea did during the Vietnam War did not meet this criteria, the article classified South Korea as not having done a "comfort women" operation during the Vietnam War.

The August 16, 2013, PRI news article said that far-right Japanese nationalists were accusing South Korea of hypocrisy, because Japan had paid and apologized for their comfort women system it perpetrated during World War II, which is likened by some as sexual exploitation, yet South Korea had not done the same in regard to the rape perpetrated by Korean soldiers during the Vietnam War. The article said that Japanese nationalists said South Korea had a systematic rape operation during the Vietnam War which was similar to Japan's systematic comfort women operation during World War II.

A June 16, 2016, article in the Daily Kos said that South Korea has been "very vocal" about the agony Koreans endured from Japan during World War II, pressing for apology and compensation from Japanese prime ministers at different points in time for what Japan did to South Korea during World War II, and the article described this as being done "ironically" in light of what the South Korean military did to other countries' civilians. The article said that "brutal killings, rapes and heinous acts" done by the South Korean military during the Vietnam War have now been unearthed. Referring to South Korea's actions during the Vietnam War, the article said that South Korean president Park Geun-hye should admit to the "historical truths of her country's detestable behavior", and the article said that president Park should be "like Japan" and give an apology and compensation to the victims of what the South Korean military did during the Vietnam War.

A September 1, 2017, article on Justice for Lai Dai Han's website said, "In an audacious display of dishonesty and hypocrisy, Seoul is always quick to highlight the suffering of its own people during past conflicts, but develops a severe case of national amnesia when facing its own crimes in Vietnam." Another article posted on September 11, 2017, on the website mentions that although the Lai Dai Han "were the product of war crimes of the South Korean troops, they do not have compensation and they never received a formal official apology".

See also
Kopino
KoreKorea
Immigration to South Korea
Wartime sexual violence
Amerasian
Rhineland Bastard
Demographics of Vietnam
Demographics of South Korea
Koreans in Vietnam
List of massacres in Vietnam
Field of Honor (1986 film)
Golden Bride

References

External links
 Justice for LAI DAI HAN

Vietnamese words and phrases
Vietnam War
Demographics of Vietnam
History of South Korea
Multiracial affairs in Asia
Violence against women in Vietnam
South Korea–Vietnam relations
Korean diaspora in Asia


Alan Kogosowski (born 22 December 1952) is an Australian classical pianist.

Biography
Abraham (Alan) Kogosowski was born in Melbourne to Hanna (née Prager) and Izio (Izzy) Kogosowski. From the age of six he played the piano for ten hours a day. He won a number of competitions and prizes, including the Australian television talent quest "BP Showcase" in 1966, when aged only 13. He made his first tour at age thirteen, including a performance on The Ed Sullivan Show in New York City.

Kogosowski studied with Roy Shepherd at the Melbourne University Conservatorium of Music and he was awarded a Churchill Fellowship, being the youngest person ever to receive this award.  This enabled him to study in Paris at the École Normale de Musique, where his teacher was Blanche Bascourret de Guéraldi, a former student of Alfred Cortot.  He then studied in London with Peter Katin and Michel Block, achieving a Licentiate from the Royal College of Music.  He had further studies in Warsaw.  His New York and London debuts, at Lincoln Center and the Wigmore Hall, were enthusiastically received.

At the age of 21, shortly after returning to Australia, he was involved in a car accident, breaking the bones of his right hand; there were fears he could even lose the hand.  It was saved through the skill of Dr Frank Ham, a Melbourne plastic surgeon. He was able to return to the concert stage after only a few months, playing Ravel's Concerto for the Left Hand, with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra under Leonard Dommett. After 18 months he had regained full use of the right hand.

Kogosowski has developed a method of helping people affected by carpal tunnel syndrome. After many years of study of the anatomical aspects of piano technique, he has adapted his knowledge of the positioning of the hands and posture at the keyboard to the prevention and remedy of this condition.  He has also designed a computer keyboard and mouse that encourage hands and fingers to droop in a natural curved pose over the workstation instead of stretched flat in a tension-producing deportment. He also published a book on the subject, How to Prevent RSI: a pianist's perspective for everyone.

Chopin
Alan Kogosowski has a special affinity with Frédéric Chopin:
 he has recreated Chopin's final public concert in 1848 in London's Guildhall
 he has written Genius of the Piano, which covers Chopin's life, his contemporaries, and how he avoided strain injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome.  It focuses especially on the correct approach to the Études. It also looks at the history and the art of piano playing
 he has produced a 6-part television series about the life and music of Chopin, in which he performs and introduces a wide cross-section of his key works.  This was first broadcast in New York in 2003
 he accompanied the soprano Irena Grainge in the first Australian recording of Chopin's 19 Polish Songs sung in their original language
 he received praise from Pope John Paul II for his playing of Chopin
 he has performed in a play about Chopin and George Sand, written by the actress and writer Diana Douglas
 he created a work that he has named "Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 3 in A major".  He premiered the piece on 8 October 1999, with Neeme Järvi and the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.  The opening movement was based on the Allegro de concert in A, Op. 46 (a piece for solo piano that Chopin may indeed have salvaged and reworked from a projected but unfinished third concerto), as restructured, orchestrated and augmented by Kogosowski.  For the slow second movement, he arranged the Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. Lento con gran espressione, for piano and orchestra.  The finale was created out of the Bolero, Op. 19, which has a typical rondo form of a third movement, and a ready-made cadenza.

He conceived and for ten years hosted a series of musical evenings in London, known as "Schubertiades at Sotheby's", with guest artists from all over the world. Members of the British Royal Family including Diana, Princess of Wales and the Queen Mother often attended, and he performed on many occasions for them after he became friends with Princess Diana.

In 2001 he became Artistic Advisor to the Palm Beach Symphony in Florida, which he has conducted on various occasions.

Kogosowski has orchestrated Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Trio in D minor (Trio élégiaque), Op. 9, as a piano concerto, called Concerto Élégiaque in D minor, Op. 9b. This has also been recorded by Neeme Järvi and the Detroit Symphony, with Kogosowski as soloist. The recording, on the Chandos label, was named Best Recording of the Year in 1994 by the American Record Guide.

Honours

In 1999, Alan Kogosowski was honored by the Polish branch of the Order of the Knights of Malta with a special decoration in recognition of his many all-Chopin recitals in London, and series of Chopin concerts to raise funds for medicines to be sent to Poland.

References

Australian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Living people
1952 births
Musicians from Melbourne
Classical pianists who played with one arm
Jewish Australian musicians
Australian people of Polish descent
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century Australian male musicians
21st-century Australian musicians


Aspidistra was a British medium wave radio transmitter used for black propaganda and military deception purposes against Nazi Germany during World War II. At times in its history it was the most powerful broadcast transmitter in the world. Its name – after the popular foliage houseplant – was inspired by the 1938 comic song "The Biggest Aspidistra in the World", best known as sung by Gracie Fields.

The transmitter was installed in 1942 at a purpose-built site near Crowborough on Ashdown Forest in southeast England. This was equipped with other medium wave and short wave transmitters, which also used the Aspidistra name, being known as ASPI 2, ASPI 3, ASPI 4, etc. However, when the name Aspidistra was used on its own it always referred to the original medium wave transmitter (ASPI 1).

The Crowborough station was run during the war by the British government's Political Warfare Executive (PWE).

After the war, the station was run by the Diplomatic Wireless Service (DWS) and used for BBC External Service broadcasts to Europe. It closed in 1982.

Equipment and location
Aspidistra broadcast on medium wave (AM) with 600 kW of power. The transmitter (originally 500 kW) had been built by RCA for WJZ radio in Newark, New Jersey, United States. But at the prompting of the United States Congress, spurred on by competition, the Federal Communications Commission later imposed a 50-kW power limit on all US stations. RCA was therefore glad to sell it overseas and the United Kingdom Secret Intelligence Service bought it for £165,000.

In addition to its high power, Aspidistra could be re-tuned quickly to a new frequency. This was of great use in its secret wartime work and was unusual for a medium wave transmitter, as they generally operated on a fixed frequency throughout their working life.

Its antenna was three guyed masts, each  tall, directing the signal broadly eastwards. The 1940s Art Deco style transmitter building was in an underground shelter which had been excavated by a Canadian army construction unit. Power for the transmitter was supplied from two flat eight diesels with blown superchargers made by Crossley-Premier heavy oil engine.
A single flywheel type alternator was used to supply the power, rated at 3190 HP, as the local electricity supply did not have the necessary capacity.

The facility was located in an elevated part of Ashdown Forest, about  above sea level, at King's Standing near Crowborough, East Sussex.

The RCA transmitter used three class B modulators in parallel feeding three parallel 170 kW (nominal) power amplifiers (PAs), run at 200 kW to produce 600 kW in total. The PA units were operated in class C using four GL898 valves in each PA; four were also used in each modulator. The output of these PAs used a series-combining scheme to feed the RF power into a 100 ohm co-ax line. This fed the main mast, the other two being parasitic and providing the directional element necessary as the purpose was to get the maximum signal eastwards into Europe. The GL898 valves were water/air cooled triodes utilising a three-phase heater supply and having an anode dissipation of 40 kW.

Alongside the original Aspidistra, other medium wave and short wave transmitters were installed over the years. In the later period of the station's life these included two Doherty 250 kW medium wave units, whose outputs could be combined to give 500 kW on a single frequency.

Two 100 kW short wave transmitters made by General Electric (USA) operated at the Crowborough site from 1943 until the 1980s.

Power ranking
At times in Aspidistra's history it was the most powerful broadcast transmitter in the world, though for most of its wartime service it was less powerful than a BBC longwave transmitter at Ottringham, near Hull, which was also used for broadcasting to continental Europe and continued in service until 1953.

Aspidistra was also less powerful than Germany's Goliath transmitter, though this was used not for broadcasting but for radiotelegraphy communications with U-boats.

Wartime operations
Aspidistra went into service on 8 November 1942, and was in operation throughout the remainder of the war.

Impersonation

Starting in 1943, Aspidistra was used to disrupt German night fighter operations against Allied bombers over Germany.

German radar stations broadcast the movements of the bomber streams en route to targets during RAF Bomber Command's Battle of Berlin. As part of their strategies to misdirect the German fighters, German-speaking RAF operators impersonated these German ground control operators, sending fake instructions to the night fighters. They directed the night fighters to land or to move to the wrong sectors. This interference to enemy RT and WT was known as "Dartboard". As German operational procedures changed to prevent impersonation so the British copied them, bringing in WAAFs when the Germans used female operators.

Black propaganda
Aspidistra was also used for black propaganda operations, in which the propaganda material is issued from a disguised source. These activities were under the Political Warfare Executive, and directed by Sefton Delmer.

In particular, Aspidistra aired the broadcasts of  Atlantiksender and Soldatensender Calais, which posed as official German military radio stations in France.

Intrusion operations

During Allied air raids, German radio transmitters in target areas were switched off to prevent their use as navigational aids by the enemy. However, such transmitters were very often connected into a network, and broadcast the same content as other transmitters which were not switched off.

When a targeted transmitter switched off, Aspidistra began transmitting on its frequency, initially retransmitting the German network broadcast as received from an active station. This would cause German listeners to believe the original station was still broadcasting. Aspidistra operators would then insert demoralizing false content and pro-Allied propaganda into the broadcast. This content was considered especially effective, as it appeared to be coming from official German sources.

These intrusion operations were an early example of a "man in the middle attack".

The first such intrusion was carried out on 25 March 1945. On 30 March 1945 Aspidistra intruded on the Berlin and Hamburg stations, warning that the Allies were trying to spread confusion by sending false telephone messages from occupied towns to unoccupied towns.  On 8 April 1945 "Aspidistra" intruded on the Hamburg and Leipzig stations to warn of forged banknotes in circulation. On 9 April 1945 there were announcements encouraging people to evacuate to seven bomb-free zones in central and southern Germany. All these announcements were false.

German radio stations tried announcing "The enemy is broadcasting counterfeit instructions on our frequencies. Do not be misled by them. Here is an official announcement of the Reich authority." However, Aspidistra broadcasts included similar announcements, leaving the listeners confused.

Post-war operations
Although mainly intended for the military and propaganda transmissions described above, Aspidistra was also used during the war for BBC European Service broadcasts on 804 kHz.

After 1945, Aspidistra continued to be used by the BBC. Frequencies used by the original transmitter and, in later years, by the Doherty transmitters at the site mentioned above, included:
 1122 kHz (1945–1950)
 1340 kHz (1950–1962)
 647 kHz (1950–1965), daytime only, as the BBC Third Programme used the frequency in the evening
 1295 kHz (1962–1978)
 809 kHz (1967–1978), only for a lunchtime programme in French, to avoid interference with BBC transmissions on that frequency in Scotland
 1088 kHz (1972–1978)

After a Europe-wide reorganisation of the medium wave band in 1978, Aspidistra only used 648 kHz.

After the November 1978 reorganisation, the other medium wave frequency (1296 kHz) used by the BBC to broadcast to Europe was carried by the Doherty transmitters which had been moved to a new Foreign Office transmitting station at Orfordness on the Suffolk coast, as it was better placed than Crowborough, which is inland. In September 1982, Orfordness also took over responsibility for transmissions on 648 kHz.

In 1970, under a swap agreement between the BBC External Service and the Voice of America, there was a daily one-hour exchange of airtime at Crowborough. From 2100 to 2200 GMT/UTC, 1295 kHz carried VOA English while the BBC's Italian Service was carried by the VoA transmitter in Munich, Germany on 1196 kHz. The Crowborough station was also used to a limited extent to relay broadcasts by Radio Canada International.

Despite its almost exclusive post-war use by the BBC, the Crowborough station remained formally in the hands of the Foreign Office (from 1968, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, FCO), and its staff were members of the Diplomatic Wireless Service (later known as the FCO's Communications Department and then the Communications Engineering Department) rather than the BBC.

Closure and fate
Aspidistra made its final transmission (on 648 kHz) on 28 September 1982, the honour of pressing the "off" key for the last time going to Harold Robin, the Foreign Office engineer who had been responsible 40 years earlier for purchasing the transmitter in the US and setting up the station at Crowborough.

The station was dismantled in 1984. Two years later, following extensive modifications, the bunker that housed the Aspidistra transmitter was commissioned by the Home Office as one of the 17 sites in England and Wales to be used as seats of regional government in the event of a nuclear attack.

From 1988, Sussex Police used parts of the site, purchasing all of it in 1996 for use as a training facility.

In 2007, Building No. 3 (known as "the cinema" because of its design similarities with pre-war Art Deco cinemas), which had once housed ASPI 3 and ASPI 6, was designated a Grade II listed structure because of its historic and architectural interest. The designation notes that it is "a remarkably intact and unaltered building through which one can understand its function as an early 1940s transmitter hall".

A reported offer to donate the Aspidistra transmitter to London's Science Museum was not taken up and it was scrapped. A number of valves (tubes) and a large tuning coil were saved by FCO engineers and are now on display in the foyer of the Orfordness station. A notice there says:

See also
 Osterloog transmitting station, the German transmitter for propaganda, in Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen)

Notes and references

External links
 Pictures of the transmitter
 "The Biggest Aspidistra in the World!" – Technical background at qsl.net.
 "Site Name: Crowborough – RGHQ 6.1 & Aspidistra" at Subterranea Britannica.
 Undated interview with Harold Robin, talking about the work to build the station at Crowborough.
 Article by Pat Hawker in the August/September 1992 issue of Radio Bygones on 'The Biggest Aspidistra in the World'.

Transmitter sites in England
Black propaganda
United Kingdom home front during World War II
World War II propaganda
World War II deception operations


Dwayne Sweeney (born 8 August 1984) is a New Zealand rugby union player who is signed for Waikato in the Mitre 10 Cup. His usual position is centre, although he is also comfortable at both wing and fullback.
Sweeney is also an accurate goal kicker.

Career
Sweeney was a member of the Chiefs Wider Training Group in 2006 and was then selected in the squad for 2007 and 2008. He impressed at provincial level in 2006 for the inaugural Air New Zealand Cup 2006 champions Waikato. In 2008 he was selected for the NZ Maori rugby team and made his debut at the 2007 Churchill Cup tournament in England.

In 2015 Sweeney was named in the Barbarians side that played Samoa at Olympic Stadium in London. He lined up with former All Blacks Adam Thomson, Ali Williams and Carl Hayman. Springbok great Bakkies Botha captained the side.

References

External links
 All Blacks profile

1984 births
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union fullbacks
Rugby union centres
Chiefs (rugby union) players
Waikato rugby union players
Māori All Blacks players
Rugby union players from Hamilton, New Zealand
Expatriate rugby union players in Japan
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Japan
People educated at Hamilton Boys' High School
Kyuden Voltex players
Munakata Sanix Blues players


Merrymount is a primarily residential neighborhood of Quincy, Massachusetts, USA, located between the neighborhoods of Quincy Center and Adams Shore. Although it was the site of Quincy's initial settlement, Merrymount was not substantially developed for residential use until the first half of the 20th century, and most of the neighborhood's houses date from that period.

History
Merrymount takes its name from the colony of Mare Mount, also known as Merry Mount or Merrymount. Colonist Thomas Morton wrote that the natives called the area "Passonagessit" and that the inhabitants translated this to "ma-re mount". The colony, established in 1625, was officially named Mount Wollaston by the Puritan separatists, but as Morton and other non-Puritans gained influence in the area, the name Merry Mount gained common use. In 1627, Morton and others erected a maypole and conducted a May Day Revel, inviting both colonists and natives. William Bradford indicated that Morton and other English men at Merrymount had been "inviting the Indian [people] (both men and women), for their consorts, dancing and frisking together, (like so many fairies, or furies rather,) and worse practices." This was the inspiration for the Nathaniel Hawthorne short story "The May-Pole of Merry Mount." The Puritan Separatists at Plymouth were scandalized and made concerted efforts to repress Morton and what they considered to be his pagan leanings. Finally, in 1630, with the arrival of Governor Winthrop and 900 more Puritans to what would become Boston, the combined Puritans were able to arrest and deport Morton, and the colony of Mount Wollaston/Merrymount was officially dissolved. In 1637 Morton published a book about his experience at Merrymount where he indicated that English colonists may have had relationships with Indian women who bore children whose eyes "were gray."

The land of the former colony was absorbed by Boston in 1634, then six years later made part of Braintree. The land was eventually sold to an ancestor of Abigail Adams and came to be owned by the Adams family. Prior to this point, the Merrymount area had been home to a substantial Native American population. In 1792, Braintree was divided into several smaller towns, and much of what was once Mount Wollaston was incorporated as the new town of Quincy.

The area that is now Merrymount remained in the Adams' possession until the early 20th century, at which point it was sold off as housing lots. Development consisted mainly of single-family houses and was largely completed by the post-World War II era. A contemporary account from that period describes Merrymount as "the nicest section of Quincy."

Today
Merrymount, as it is currently recognized, is bordered to the north by Quincy Bay, to the west by Black's Creek, to the south by Quincy Center, and to the east by Adams Shore. Landmarks include the Mount Wollaston Cemetery, Maypole Hill and Merrymount Elementary School. Recently, the city placed a stone monument to the first settlement in the neighborhood.

Notable People
• Dick Flavin - “Poet Laureat” of Red Sox Nation

• Joseph Dunford  - 36th Commandant of the Marine Corps, 19th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

• James McConville  - Chief of Staff of the United States Army

References

External links
Woodbury, C. L. Genealogical Sketches ... (1904) J. B. Clarke Company, "The Maypole in New England", (pg 50 via archive.org)

Neighborhoods in Massachusetts
Populated places in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Quincy, Massachusetts


The 1991 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University for the 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season.  Under head coach Curley Hallman, the Tigers had a record of 5–6 with a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 3–4. It was Hallman's first season as head coach at LSU.

Schedule

Roster

References

LSU
LSU Tigers football seasons
LSU Tigers football


In mathematics, the Parseval–Gutzmer formula states that, if  is an analytic function on a closed disk of radius r with Taylor series

then for z = reiθ on the boundary of the disk,

which may also be written as

Proof

The Cauchy Integral Formula for coefficients states that for the above conditions:

where γ is defined to be the circular path around origin of radius r. Also for  we have:  Applying both of these facts to the problem starting with the second fact:

Further Applications
Using this formula, it is possible to show that

where

This is done by using the integral

References

Theorems in complex analysis


The 2008–09 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.  This was head coach Bruce Weber's sixth season at Illinois.

Roster

2008 recruiting class

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style=|Exhibition

|-
!colspan=12 style=|Non-conference regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style=|Conference Regular Season

|-
!colspan=12 style=|Big Ten tournament

|-
!colspan=12 style=|NCAA Tournament

Rankings

Season statistics

References

Illinois
Illinois
Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball seasons
Illinois
Illinois


Kingella kingae is a species of Gram-negative facultative anaerobic β-hemolytic coccobacilli. First isolated in 1960 by Elizabeth O. King, it was not recognized as a significant cause of infection in young children until the 1990s, when culture techniques had improved enough for it to be recognized. It is best known as a cause of septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, bacteraemia, and endocarditis, and less frequently lower respiratory tract infections and meningitis.

There are four species  of Kingella: K. kingae, the most common, is part of the bacterial flora of the throat in young children and is transmitted from child to child. When it causes disease, the clinical presentation is often subtle and preceded by a recent history of stomatitis or upper respiratory infection. Other species are K. indologenes, K. denitrificans (both causing endocarditis) and   K. oralis found in dental plaque.

One notable exception is in cases of endocarditis (heart valve infection), which can be more refractory to treatment. K. kingae is the fifth member of the HACEK group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that cause endocarditis. Routine laboratory tests may be normal because the organism is difficult to culture. Inoculating the fluid from infected joints directly into blood culture vials can enhance the chances of an accurate culture, but extended culture times are not helpful.

The organism has also been known as Moraxella kingae.

K. kingae  is oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, and beta-hemolytic.

Mechanism of infection

Kingella kingae is thought to begin infection by colonizing the pharynx, crossing the epithelium by using an RTX toxin, and entering the circulation and reaching deeper tissues, such as bones and joints.

K. kingae expresses type IV pili, which allow for enhanced adhesion to respiratory epithelial and synovial cells and thus increased likelihood of colonization. These pili have also been shown to be reduced in number as pathogenesis progresses. σ54 regulates the transcription of pilA1, a major pilus subunit. PilS and PilR, regulatory transcription factors best known from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilus system, also may regulate pilA expression. High levels of type IV pili on K. kingae are associated with spreading/corroding colony types, while low levels of type IV pili are associated with nonspreading/noncorroding colony types of K. kingae. The three different types of populations are: spreading/corroding (with high-density piliation), nonspreading/noncorroding colonies (low density piliation), and domed colonies (no piliation, and thus no adherence to epithelium). Generally, respiratory and nonendocarditis infections tend to be highly piliated, while joint fluid, bone, and endocarditis blood isolates are less piliated, if at all.

Spondylodiscitis

Children under three years of age may become infected with K. kingae and develop spondylodiscitis. Typical symptoms include back pain, abdominal pain, and damage to the bones and joints. It generally targets the lumbar region of the spinal cord, and the only true way of diagnosing it is through biopsy or needle aspiration, as blood plate growth gives many false negatives.

Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis occurs in previously healthy children. The infection rate is poorly documented, thus the illness tends to go underdiagnosed. K. kingae can be transmitted person to person in rare cases. Diagnostic tools include low-grade fever, elevated inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP), but white blood cell counts are generally unreliable since they vary among infected patients. K. kingae infections are generally concomitant with upper respiratory diseases or stomatitis, since disrupted respiratory or buccal mucosa is likely to facilitate bacterial invasion and hematogenous dissemination.

The cause of osteoarticular infections is frequently not identified. Less than 15% of K. kingae-positive clinical specimens reveal organisms on Gram stain.  Infections due to K. kingae are treatable with a wide variety of antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillins, rifampicin, and azithromycin are easily achieved.
Multiple studies have shown that inoculating synovial fluid or bone samples directly into blood culture bottles substantially increases the detection of K. kingae compared with direct plating of specimens on solid media.

As an oropharyngeal colonizer, K. kingae is transmitted by respiratory secretions, saliva, and potentially oral contact with contaminated objects. Recent studies suggest K. kingae strains may demonstrate varying degrees of pathogenicity, which could support the person-to-person transfer of pathogenic K. kingae. Infection has been shown to have high prevalence in the autumn and winter months.

Infections in adults
K.kingae infections are rare in adults, but they occur in immunocompromised patients. Poor oral hygiene, pharyngitis, and mucosal ulceration are also predisposing factors for infection. The infection can occur in the respiratory or urinary tracts, as it is a part of the normal flora in those two areas, and will develop into sepsis or septic arthritis. Most K. kingae are sensitive  to beta-lactam antibiotics, but reports describe  strains producing beta-lactamases. Options include aminoglycosides, macrolides and fluoroquinolones. K. kingae can also cause infectious endocarditis, in children as well as in adults.

References

External links
Kingella kingae at NCBI Taxonomy Browser (id=504)
Type strain of Kingella kingae at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Neisseriales
Gram-negative bacteria


Paul Hedqvist (21 July 1895 Stockholm - 23 June 1977) was a Swedish modernist architect with many official commissions in Sweden through the 1930s, including housing projects, major bridges, many schools, and urban planning work.  His practice evolved into designing office towers and at least one major stadium in the postwar 1950s.  At one point he served as the city architect of Stockholm.

Biography
Hedqvist studied at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and worked for Ragnar Östberg before opening his own office in 1924, with his partner David Dahl.  Hedqvist became part of the functionalist movement developing in Sweden after Stockholm International Exhibition (1930), which he took part in.  Through the war, from 1938 through 1948, he was professor at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm.

Hedqvist worked as a functionalist.  Early in his career he took part in the 1930 Stockholm Housing Exhibition, organized by Gregor Paulsson, but Hedqvist chose not to join other Swedish architects in the "Accept!" movement.  Instead he was awarded a good share of Sweden's high-profile state commissions in the 1930s, dams and housing projects and many schools and the Stockholm airport, working mainly in a rationalist style.  There's evidence for a penchant for square proportions for window and facade design.  The single most noticeable Modernist flourish is the brilliant cylindrical glass staircase for St. Erik's Gymnasium in Stockholm in 1939.  Later in his career Hedqvist took credit for some of the tallest buildings in Sweden.

He was awarded the Prince Eugen Medal for architecture in 1954.

Work

 a portion of the housing exhibition at the Stockholm International Exhibition (1930)
 municipal baths in Eskilstuna, 1932
 terraced housing, in Ålstensgatan, Bromma, 1932
 the poured-concrete Uggleviksreservoaren ("Uggleviken Reservoir"), in the forest Lilljansskogen near Lake Uggleviken at Norra Djurgården in north-eastern central Stockholm, 1935
 Västerbron and Tranebergsbron bridges, 1935
 a portion of the Röda Bergen housing project in Vasastaden, Stockholm, circa 1936
 main terminal and other structures, Stockholm-Bromma Airport, 1936
 St. Erik's Gymnasium (School), Kungsholmen, 1939, with its distinctive glass-cylinder exterior staircase
 the cable-supported Hovet stadium, formerly known as Johanneshovs Isstadion, Stockholm, 1955
 Kockums Building, Malmö, Skåne län, circa 1955
 the Skatteskrapan ("Tax Scraper") office building, Stockholm, 1959, now converted into student apartments
 the 27-floor slender landmark Dagens Nyheter Building, Stockholm, 1964, tallest building in Sweden from 1964 to 2003
 Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, circa 1968

Images

References

External links
 photographs of Hedqvist's work
 Utopia & Reality, by Cecilia Widenheim, Eva Rudberg

1895 births
1977 deaths
Artists from Stockholm
Swedish architects
Swedish urban planners
Recipients of the Prince Eugen Medal
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni


Drew Hastings (born March 2, 1954) is an American stand-up comedian, author, and former mayor of Hillsboro, Ohio. Standing  tall, he is often seen performing in a black suit and black horn-rimmed glasses.

Early life
Hastings was born in Casablanca, Morocco to an English mother, Pamela, and an American G.I. father named Drew.  He emigrated to the United States at a young age and grew up in the Midwest, particularly in the Ohio cities of Kettering, Dayton and Cincinnati.

Stand-up comedy
Hastings began performing onstage at the age of thirty-one. After having lived in several large cities in the 1970s, including San Francisco and New York, he had moved back to Ohio.  In the early 1990s, he moved to Los Angeles, where he would later receive several guest-starring roles and television pilots for networks such as Fox, NBC, and HBO.  While in California, he wrote and starred in several one-person shows, including, Commencement Speech, Life & Other Short Stories, and The Business of Living, the latter directed by Bob Odenkirk.  The main character of The Business of Living, a motivational speaker/success guru named "Jack Freeman", gained a cult following in California and has become increasingly popular throughout the Midwest. While living in L.A., he got a rare standing ovation on "The Tonight Show".

Hastings would later sit in as a guest on The Bob & Tom Show.  In 2006, he starred in The Friends of Bob & Tom Comedy Central special alongside other comedians such as Bob Zany, Greg Hahn, and Roy Wood, Jr.

On April 26, 2008, Comedy Central aired Drew Hastings: Irked and Miffed, Hastings' premiere one-hour television special.  The performance was released on May 6, 2008 through Image Entertainment.

Mayoral bid
Hastings expressed interest in running for mayor in the city of Hillsboro, Ohio in June 2010 as a Republican Party candidate. On January 20, 2011, Hastings took out a candidate petition to run for the position of mayor for the city of Hillsboro.

Hastings filed his petition with the county's Board of Elections, as did two other Republican hopefuls. With the city's primary election held on May 3, 2011, Hastings won the primary election with receiving 295 votes. On November 8, 2011, Hastings won the Hillsboro, Ohio general election garnering 1,008 votes and his opponent, John Levo, received 614 votes. He was sworn in on January 2, 2012.

On November 3, 2015, Hastings won a second term as mayor of Hillsboro with 59% of the vote over Pam Limes.

On July 12, 2016, Hastings was indicted on four charges, including elections fraud, following a months-long investigation by special prosecutors appointed by a Highland County judge. The counts included theft, theft in office and tampering with records. The judge in the case dismissed 2 of the 4 felony charges against Hastings, and a jury found him not guilty on the remaining charges on November 9, 2016.

Electoral history

Writing and books
In September 2020, Hastings released The Business of Living, based on his one-person show of the same name. It was written under the pseudonym, Jack Freeman. A satire of the success and self-help genre. https://www.amazon.com/Business-Living-dont-need-success/dp/0578767228/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1639534942&sr=1-2
 Hastings memoir, "Chasing Drew Hastings; a memoir" was completed in October 2021, and has a February 2022 release date.

Stage and screen
One man shows
Tales Of Unrepentance – Written and performed by Drew Hastings – HBO Theatre, Los Angeles, CA –   1998
The Business of Living – Written and performed by Drew Hastings – HBO Workspace – Los Angeles, CA – 1999
Yard Sale – Written and performed by Drew Hastings – Tamarind Theatre, Los Angeles – 1995
Movies
Melvin Goes to Dinner – 2003 directed by Bob Odenkirk
Let's Go To Prison – 2006 directed by Bob Odenkirk
Television
The Peter Principle – 2000 – Uncredited – Co-starred with Paul F. Tompkins
The Big Wide World Of Carl Laemke - 2003 - Uncredited directed by Bob Odenkirk

Discography
Farmageddon -October 22, 2012
Drew Hastings: Irked and Miffed - May 6, 2008
Bob and Tom Radio: The Comedy Tour - September 19, 2006
I Have No Fight With You People - 2005
I'm Just Like You - 2003

Books

References

External links

Drew Hastings at Comedy Central
http://www.hillsboroohio.net/mayor.html Drew Hastings Hillsboro, Ohio profile

American male comedians
Mayors of places in Ohio
People from Casablanca
People from Kettering, Ohio
Living people
1954 births
American people of English descent
Comedians from Ohio
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
Ohio Republicans


Kingella is a genus of bacteria of the family Neisseriaceae. It belongs to the HACEK group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that tend to cause endocarditis. Kingella kingae is its type species.

Species
As of 2021, five species belong to the genus:

Kingella denitrificans Snell & Lapage 1976
Kingella kingae (Henriksen & Bøvre 1968) Henriksen & Bøvre 1976
Kingella negevensis El Houmami et al. 2017
Kingella oralis corrig. Dewhirst et al. 1993
Kingella potus Lawson et al. 2005

References

Neisseriales


The Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk MF.8 (also known as the Høver MF.8, after its designer) was a military training seaplane built in Norway in the 1920s.

Design and development
It was a conventional two-bay biplane design based on the M.F.6 and M.F.7, with open cockpits in tandem for the student and instructor. The main difference between the M.F.8 and the M.F.7 were that M.F.8 had a new tail rudder and wing profile, in order to increase landing speed. The new profile had been developed by the Swedish professor Nordensvan, in cooperation with the Norwegian Army Air Service.

Engine problems
The first building of the two first aircraft began in December 1923, F.6 (III) being finished 30 May 1924 and F.12 in August the same year. The first aircraft were delivered with  Scania-Vabis engines, which proved too weak and was replaced with  Beardmore or Sunbeam engines. For the next two aircraft produced the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service (RNNAS) settled on a  Mercedes engine and aircraft with this engine were redesignated as M.F.8Bs. However, in 1932 Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk had to find a replacement for the Mercedes engines as spare parts became hard to procure. A Bristol Lucifer was borrowed from Kjeller Aircraft Factory and a Walter Regulus from a factory in Prague, were both tested at Horten. Still, both engines proved too costly to finance. Barely used Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah IIA engines were found in British surplus stockpiles and purchased for 500 Norwegian kroner apiece. After rebuilding with a larger propeller engine output was reduced from  to  making them suitable for a trainer, and these were fitted to both M.F.8 and M.F.10 trainers. By early summer 1936 all M.F.8s had been rebuilt with Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah IIA engines however with the engine out of production spare parts once more became a problem.

The Walter Regulus engine had performed well during the testing in Horten and examples were purchased, however the engine did not perform as well as anticipated and in 1938 the Czech factory ceased production. The American Jacobs L-4M engine was used to replace the Walter Regulus during the winter of 1939-1940.

Operational use
In all the M.F.8 design was very successful, with the pilots of the RNNAS receiving their first training on it up until the German invasion of Norway, the last of the type having been delivered in October 1935. Plans to replace it with a version of the Army's Tiger Moth trainer equipped with floats failed when tests in 1934 showed that the Tiger Moth was of little value as a seaplane. Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk  began designing and prototype production on the monoplane trainer Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.12 from 15 June 1937, intended as a replacement for the M.F.8, but internal disagreements delayed the introduction of the new type until the German invasion halted all work. Five of the eight M.F.8s produced were still in service at the outbreak of the Second World War, flying for the last times on 13 and 14 December 1939 before being placed in storage at Karljohansvern where they were all captured by the Germans on 9 April 1940.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

1920s Norwegian military trainer aircraft
1930s Norwegian military trainer aircraft
Floatplanes
MF08
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924


Kadino () is a village in Monastyrshchinsky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Gorodnya River. It had 204 inhabitants in 2007.

The name of the village originates from the time of Tatar-Mongolian sovereignty ("kadi" is Tatar for "judge").

During the Smolensk War of 1632–1634, the village was the scene of battles between the Russians and the Polish. During the Andrusov negotiations of 1666–1667, Kadino was the residence of Polish ambassadors.

Кadino was one of the local centers of the farmers' movement during the Revolution of 1905 Here, frequent anti-government meetings of peasants of adjacent villages were conducted, and illegal literature was promoted. On August 15, 1906, during a meeting, police unsuccessfully tried to arrest the organizer, А. Kharasev. On the following day, the police tracked him and he was arrested.  When the police tried to take him away, an alarm sounded. Armed peasants from the neighboring villages attacked the police group, released the arrested, beat the chief of the guards, disarmed him, and threw him into the river. During the fight, two policemen were killed and a manager was wounded. The revolt was suppressed by the military from Mstislavl.

In October 1941, Nazi invaders massacred three hundred local residents, as the area was a hotbed of partisan activity. A monument stands in their memory. The village provides the namesake behind the Kadinsky surname.

References
Encyclopedia of Smolensk Oblast.  Entry on Kadino

Rural localities in Smolensk Oblast


The U.S. Post Office in Delmar, New York is located on Delaware Avenue (NY 443) in the middle of the hamlet. It serves the 12054 ZIP Code, covering Delmar and its surrounding area. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. To date it is the only current post office in Albany County on the Register.

It is a small brick building constructed in 1939, near the end of the Great Depression. Louis A. Simon, the Treasury Department's supervising architect at that time, designed 13 total post offices for New York in the Colonial Revival style similar to Delmar's. But that one was the only one from whose design he omitted a cupola. The lobby is decorated with a mural auspices, showing a scene of the Indian Ladder at nearby John Boyd Thacher State Park.

Building
The post office is a one-story, five-bay brick building with stone water table. Its double-doored main entrance is at the top of a set of granite steps with iron railings. The door is surrounded by fluted Doric pilasters and an entablature; above it is a fanlight with cast aluminum eagle. The words "UNITED STATES POST OFFICE" are spelled out in bronze letters across the frieze, with "DELMAR 12054 NEW YORK" above the door.

On either side of the door are two original lamps and two windows with limestone sills and lintels. A wooden dentiled cornice runs around the roofline. Above it is a slate gabled roof.

The side elevations have a pair of windows each. The gable ends are sided in clapboard with a semicircular opening with radiating mullions. At the rear are two wings: one three-bay workroom wing where the cornice is replaced with a parapet. A four-bay wing, added later, duplicates the roof detailing on the main building but is not considered contributing.

On the inside, the entry leads to a wooden vestibule with paneled pilasters. The L-shaped lobby has a red-and-black terrazzo floor, white marble dado and dark marble baseboards. They give way to plaster, which forms a simple cornice at the junction of wall and ceiling. A 1940 mural, "The Indian Ladder", by Works Progress Administration artist Sol Wilson fills the wall above the postmaster's office. Many of the original furnishings remain.

History

Delmar had had a post office since 1840, in space leased in a building on Elsemere Avenue. A single-family house, demolished after the new building was authorized in the mid-1930s, stood on the present site. General contractors Loucks and Clarke of Wallingford, Connecticut won the bid and broke ground in 1939, opening the new building  the following year.

The post office has seen only one significant change since then. The rear wing was built in 1959 to handle increased volume.

Aesthetics

Louis Simon, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, under whose jurisdiction the Post Office was at the time, designed 13 post offices in New York in a variation of the same basic model. Of these, Delmar's is the only one to not include a cupola in its original design (Attica's had one when built, but it has since been removed).

References

Delmar, New York
Government buildings completed in 1940
Bethlehem, New York
Section of Painting and Sculpture
Buildings and structures in Albany County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, New York


Cheluvina Chittara ( Galant Design) is a 2007 Kannada-language film directed and produced by S. Narayan. Ganesh, Amoolya played the lead roles. The music was composed by Mano Murthy. This film is a remake of Tamil film Kaadhal.

Plot
Maadesha works as a mechanic in a garage. He is liked by an innocent college-going girl Aishwarya who is the daughter of a local don Potharaju. Aishwarya is deeply in love with him and they elope. Later the gang members of Potharaju are in search of the couple. The lovers are lured by the bride's uncle, and they are taken back to Potharaju. An enraged Potharaju beats up Maadesha and takes out the Mangalsutra of Aishwarya to forcibly marry her to a person engaged earlier.

After a few years, Aishwarya while travelling with her husband and her child, comes across Maadesha where she finds him as a mentally deranged beggar roaming near a traffic signal. Aishwarya faints realizing that the beggar is Maadesha and gets admitted to the nearby hospital. At night she runs from the hospital to the same signal in search of Maadesha and she finds him sitting over there. Aishwarys cries to Maadesha and feels bad that she was responsible for his pathetic situation. Aishwarya's husband also comes to the spot and understands his wife's situation. He admits Maadesha in a mental health centre and also takes care of him.

Cast
 Ganesh as Maadesha
 Amoolya as Aishwarya (Aishu)
 Komal Kumar
 Kaadhal Krishnamurthy
 Suresh Chandra
 R.G. Vijayasarathi
 Manikantha Surya
 Appu Venkatesh
 Sardhar Sathya
 Pipeline Ramesh
 Asharani
 Jaishri Raj
 Gowramma

Soundtrack

Mano Murthy composed the music for the film and soundtracks. The album has six soundtracks.

The song "Janumada Gelathi" is reused from the original soundtrack "Unakena Irupen" composed by Joshua Sridhar.

Reception
A critic from Sify wrote that "Brilliant director S. Narayan seems to have lost his magic touch, as his latest film Cheluvina Chittara, a remake of that brilliant Tamil film Kadhal is unimpressive and lacks nativity". A critic from Rediff.com wrote that "Cheluvina Chiththaara will certainly work for the family audience as it is clean and natural, but its success will depend on how the audience accepts the last few reels of the film".

Box-office
It completed 175 days and grossed an approximately 30 crore. After the success of this film, Ganesh earned the moniker 'Golden Star'.

References

External links

 Official site

2000s Kannada-language films
2007 films
Kannada remakes of Tamil films
Films scored by Mano Murthy
Films directed by S. Narayan


The NABC Player of the Year is an award given annually by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) to recognize the top player in men's college basketball. The award has been given since the 1974–75 season to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players. The association added awards for Division II and Division III players in 1983, and for National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and junior college players in 2008. The awards have previously been sponsored by State Farm Insurance.

In Division I, Duke has the most all-time awards with six and the most separate recipients with five. Their rival, North Carolina, as well as Kansas are tied for second in both awards and individual recipients, with four each. There have been three ties for NABC Player of the Year (2002, 2004, 2006), and only two players have won the award multiple times (Jason Williams and Ralph Sampson, with only Sampson having been the sole winner of two awards).

In Division II, Virginia Union leads for most awards with four and individual recipients with three. It is followed by Florida Southern, Kentucky Wesleyan, Metro State, Northwest Missouri State, and Winona State with three awards each. Among these schools, Northwest Missouri and Winona State each have one two-time recipient. Only one tie has occurred (2006), while four players have won the award more than once (Stan Gouard, Earl Jones, John Smith, and Trevor Hudgins).

In Division III, three programs are tied for the most awards—Amherst, Cabrini, and Potsdam State. Each has had one two-time recipient. Four other programs have had two recipients—Calvin, Guilford, Otterbein, and Wittenberg. There have been two ties (2007, 2010) and four repeat winners (Leroy Witherspoon, Andrew Olson, Aaron Walton-Moss and Joey Flannery).

At the NAIA level, the NABC presented a single award in the 2007–08 season, even though the NAIA had held separate Division I and Division II national championships since 1992. The following season, the NABC began presenting separate awards in Divisions I and II, and continued to do so through the 2019–20 season. After that season, the NAIA eliminated its basketball divisions, returning to a single championship for all members, and the NABC accordingly returned to a presenting a single NAIA award. During the divisional era, Division I member Georgetown (KY) received the most awards and had the most individual recipients, with three each. The only player to have won more than one Division I award is Dominique Rambo of SAGU, who shared the 2013 award and was sole recipient in 2014. The only other school with more than one D-I recipient is Oklahoma Baptist with two. The only player with more than one Division II award is Dominez Burnett, who received two awards with Davenport. Two other programs, Northwood (FL) (now Keiser) and Oklahoma Wesleyan, had two D-II recipients. One other player received the award in both the divisional and non-divisional eras: Kyle Mangas of Indiana Wesleyan received the final Division II award in 2020 and the single award in 2021.

In junior college, every winner has been a sophomore and had gone on to play at an NCAA Division I school after their community college careers ended until 2020. Jay Scrubb, that year's winner, hired an agent and declared for the 2020 NBA draft, thereby forgoing his remaining collegiate eligibility. He had committed to Louisville prior to renouncing that decision to enter the NBA draft pool.

Key

Division I Player of the Year

Division II Player of the Year

Division III Player of the Year

NAIA Players of the Year
In 2008–09, the NABC began presenting separate awards for players of the year in NAIA Divisions I and II. In 2020–21, the NAIA removed its divisional classifications.

Divisional era (2008–2020)

Non-divisional era (2007–08; 2020–present)

Junior College Player of the Year
Since community college players only attend for two years, these players are only either freshmen or sophomores. Afterwards, they move on to a four-year university to finish their last two seasons of NCAA eligibility. The University column reflects which team these players would play for following their junior college careers.

See also
List of U.S. men's college basketball national player of the year awards

Footnotes

References

External links

Awards established in 1975
College basketball player of the year awards in the United States
National Association of Basketball Coaches


Buena Vista Street (formerly known as Sunshine Plaza) is a themed "land" at Disney California Adventure at the Disneyland Resort. Though named for the real-life Burbank thoroughfare that the Walt Disney Studios sits on, the central plaza represents Los Angeles, and specifically the Los Feliz area, in the 1920s when Walt Disney first arrived there. One of the main features is a small-scale replica of the Hyperion Bridge, which was being constructed when Disney stayed in Atwater Village. The replica functions as a working bridge for the resort's monorail system.

This land is similar to the layout and style of Main Street, USA at Disneyland, Disney California Adventure's sister park. It includes dining, shopping, parades, and entertainment.  The Red Car Trolley, a recreation of Pacific Electric's iconic Red Car electric trolleys, transports guests through this area, from the park's entry to Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! in Avengers Campus.

History

Sunshine Plaza

Disney California Adventure's original main gate entrance, Sunshine Plaza, was designed to evoke a sensation as if one were stepping into a California postcard. After guests pass the giant letters spelling out California, they would pass beneath a mock-up of the Golden Gate Bridge, which served to disguise a portion of the resort's monorail track. Flanking both ends of the faux Golden Gate Bridge were two massive murals depicting the vast mountain ranges in California. A few meters into the park from the main gate was Sunshine Plaza that served as an access hub to all of the park's other themed lands. At the end of the path, there was a fountain featuring a large metal sunburst designed to reflect solar rays into the surrounding area. Sunshine Plaza was also home to a replica of the California Zephyr, which housed the plaza's two counter service restaurants: Baker's Field Bakery and Bur-r-r Bank Ice Cream. The plaza was also home to two of the park's biggest souvenir shops, Greetings from California and Engine Ears Toys.

Re-imagineering and expansion

On October 17, 2007, The Walt Disney Company announced a multi-year, $1.1 billion expansion plan for Disney California Adventure Park. Included in this expansion plan was the re-theming and complete overhaul of Sunshine Plaza into Buena Vista Street.

The Golden Gate Bridge replica was removed and the sunburst structure replaced with a recreation of the Carthay Circle Theater, which showcased the world premiere of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937. The building serves as the new visual centerpiece of Disney California Adventure's reincarnation.  In early August 2011, the California Zephyr display was removed, with major portions being donated to the Western Pacific Railroad Museum.

The park's main gate was extended outward to where the postcard letters formerly stood, and resembles the Pan-Pacific Auditorium, similar to the entrance of Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida. The Red Car Trolley travels through the plaza. The main gate was opened on July 15, 2011.  The construction of the Red Car trolleys began on January 10, 2010. Construction of Buena Vista Street itself began in October 2010 and opened on June 15, 2012. Throughout construction, the main entrance remained open with areas blocked off from time to time to aid in construction.

COVID-19 pandemic
On November 19, 2020, Buena Vista Street was made accessible as a temporary extension of the nearby, unticketed Downtown Disney District for shopping and dining while the remainder of Disney California Adventure remained closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The land returned to its normal, ticketed operation when Disney California Adventure re-opened on April 30, 2021.

See also
 2012 in amusement parks
 Hollywood Land
 Main Street, U.S.A. a street similar to buena vista street, but it has no bridge and the Park Icon appears at the end of the street, similiar to Carthay Circle Theater on buena vista street.

References

External links

Themed areas in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
Disney California Adventure
Amusement rides introduced in 2012


Universal Production Music (UPM), formerly known as Killer Tracks, is a company that produces and licenses production music for use in film, television, advertising and interactive media.  The company was founded in Hollywood, California, in 1989 with an original catalog of 30 CDs.  Today, the UPM's catalog contains over 2,000 CDs of music from 21 global libraries including Atmosphere, Killer Tracks, Koka, Match, and Network Music.  The company continues to expand its catalog by acquiring new music collections and by producing over 100 new CDs of music each year.

In 2012, the company announced the Killer Tracks Artist Series which features original EPs of songs with lyrics from notable artists including Rev Theory and Alex Band, among others. Unlike the rest of the Killer Tracks catalog, which is intended primarily for business-to-business (B2B) licensing, the Artist Series EPs are also widely available to fans and the general public for purchase and streaming through popular digital platforms including iTunes and Spotify.

The Killer Tracks catalog also includes original production music from well-known artists, composers and producers including Chuck D, Lamont Dozier, Jim Brickman, and others.

The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Universal Music Publishing Group. Until 2007, Killer Tracks was owned by production music division of BMG Music Publishing, which was sold alongside other operations of the company. On September 12, 2019, Killer Tracks rebranded as Universal Production Music.

References

External links

Production music
Record labels established in 1989
Universal Music Group
Companies based in Santa Monica, California


Banzai! is a 1991 album by Tigertailz. It is a collection of B sides and singles originally for Japan only. It includes a remake version of "Livin' without you", and a live version of "She'z too hot" from their first album Young and Crazy, and two covers: "Creeping Death" by Metallica and "Peace Sells" by Megadeth which hint at the direction they would take for the next album.

Track listing
 "Murderess"
 "Livin' Without You"
 "Million Dollar Smile"
 "She's Too Hot (Live)"
 "Creeping Death" (Metallica Cover)
 "Nine Livez"
 "Peace Sellz" (Megadeth Cover)
 "For a Few Dollarz More"
 "Taking the Pain"

Personnel
Kim Hooker - vocals
Jay Pepper - guitars
Pepsi Tate - bass
Ace Finchum - drums

References

1991 albums
Tigertailz albums


Mahieu le Juif was an Old French trouvère. His name means "Matthew the Jew" and, if his own songs are to be believed, he was a convert from Judaism to Christianity. Only two of his songs survive, one with a melody. He has been conflated with Mahieu de Gant, but the same manuscript that contains both their works clearly distinguishes them.

Mahieu's song, Par grant franchise (RS 782), was very widely copied and today exists in twelve chansonniers, including one in Occitan. It recounts how the je (the first-person persona, perhaps to be equated with Mahieu himself) converted from Judaism to Christianity for the sake of his lady. Instead of love, however, he is ridiculed by her. The melody shows some variation between sources and there is intertextual similarity between a piece of the troubadour Albertet de Sestaro and Par grant, but the direction of any influence of the one on the other cannot be ascertained: though Jeanroy assumed that the trouvère was influenced by the troubadour.

Mahieu's other piece, Pour autrui movrai (RS 313), likewise refers to his Jewishness, but it was not as widely copied, appearing only in the Chansonnier du Roi (Trouvère chansonnier M) and the Chansonnier de Noailles (Trouvère chansonnier T).

References
Falck, Robert. "Mahieu le Juif." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Accessed 20 September 2008.
Jeanroy, Alfred (1898). "Une imitation d'Albert de Sisteron par Mahieu le Juif," Romania, 27, 150. With an image of MS R 4,4 fol. 227ro from the Biblioteca Estense in Modena.

Jewish composers
Trouvères
Male classical composers


Amulya (born as Moulya) is a former Indian actress who appears in Kannada films. She made her debut as a child artist in the early 2000s and appeared in a lead role in 2007 with Cheluvina Chittara. She is best known for her roles in the commercially successful films Chaitrada Chandrama (2008), Naanu Nanna Kanasu (2010) and Shravani Subramanya (2013).

Early life
Amulya was born as Moulya in Bengaluru, Karnataka. Her father worked as a head clerk in Seshadripuram main college until he died in 2009. Her mother, Jayalaksmi, is a housewife who Amulya resides with, in Bangalore. She has an older brother, Deepak Aras, who directed her 2011 film Manasology. Her first appearance on-screen came as a six-year-old in a Kannada television soap opera, Supta Manasina Sapta Swaragalu. She describes her childhood as a "busy" one, having involved herself in sports and music alongside academics. While in school, she trained as Bharatanatyam dancer and has obtained a green belt in Karate. She completed her pre-university course in commerce from Mount Carmel College, Bangalore. In 2014, she obtained a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) degree, from the same college.

Career
Amulya made her debut in films as a child artist in the 2001 Kannada film Parva that had Vishnuvardhan playing the lead role. Her debut as a lead actress came in the 2007 film Cheluvina Chittara opposite Ganesh which was successful at the box-office. She then appeared in Chaitrada Chandrama, Premism, Naanu Nanna Kanasu and Manasology which did moderate business or failed at the box-office. But, Amulya's performances received critical acclaim. After a two-year hiatus, she appeared in the 2013 hit film Shravani Subramanya opposite Ganesh with her performance receiving appreciation from critics. In the same year, she was given the title 'Golden Queen' by her co-star of Shravani Subramanya, Ganesh. Her performance in the film won her, her first Filmfare Award, the award for Best Actress.

Amulya's first film in 2015, Khushi Khushiyagi, saw her being paired opposite Ganesh for the third time. Critics praised her performance as Nandini; G. S. Kumar of The Times of India wrote, "Shades of 'Shravani Subramanya' are visible in Amulya's role, who essays a stellar role..." In Male, she was cast in tomboyish role as Varsha, and was paired opposite Prem Kumar. In her second release of the year, a romance-drama, Ramleela, she played Chandrakala, the sister of a don, and the love interest of Chiranjeevi Sarja. The film received mixed response from critics. In her first release of 2016, Maduveya Mamatheya Kareyole, she portrayed "a meaty character that allows to ride a Bullet". As Kushi, she was paired opposite Suraj (played by Suraj Gowda), in the family drama-romance film, who she ends up marrying confronting certain familial issues and upon the wishes of their respective parents. The Times of India called her performance a "versatile" one.

In February 2016, The New Indian Express reported that Amulya was approached by the makers of Mass Leader to play the role of Shiva Rajkumar's sister. It is to be directed by Sahana Murthy. She also confirmed signing Nagashekar's Maasti Gudi that would see her playing the female lead opposite Duniya Vijay.

Personal life
Amulya married Jagadish in 2017.

Filmography

References

External links

21st-century Indian actresses
Indian film actresses
Indian child actresses
Living people
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Kannada actresses
Filmfare Awards South winners
Actresses from Bangalore
Child actresses in Kannada cinema
21st-century Indian child actresses
Mount Carmel College, Bangalore alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Grass Harp is a 1995 American comedy-drama film based on the novella by Truman Capote. The screenplay, which was the final work of Oscar-winning screenwriter Stirling Silliphant, was adapted for the film. Directed by Charles Matthau, the film features a cast including Piper Laurie, Sissy Spacek, Walter Matthau (the director's father), Jack Lemmon, Edward Furlong, and Nell Carter. Piper Laurie won the Best Supporting Actress award from the Southeastern Film Critics Association for her performance in the film.

Plot
Set in a small 1940s Alabama town, the film follows Collin Fenwick (Edward Furlong) as he is sent to live with his father's maiden cousins, the sweet Dolly (Piper Laurie) and the overbearing Verena (Sissy Spacek), following the death of his mother. He soon discovers that the Talbo household is anything but normal. After also losing his father, Collin grows to be close to Dolly and maid Catherine (Nell Carter), and becomes acquainted with the eccentric townspeople, from the gossip-loving barber (Roddy McDowall) to a traveling evangelist with 15 illegitimate offspring (Mary Steenburgen). To escape Verena's oppression, Dolly, Collin, and Catherine run away to an old tree house in the woods. Their rebellion sparks a series of events that changes their lives and the entire town, as well.

Cast
Piper Laurie as Dolly Talbo is a gentle eccentric, Verena's sister
Sissy Spacek as Verena Talbo is a controlling entrepreneur with most of the town in her pocket, and Dolly's sister
Edward Furlong as Collin Fenwick is an orphan sent to live with Dolly and Verena
Nell Carter as Catherine Creek is a quick-witted house maid and Dolly's friend
Walter Matthau as Judge Charlie Cool is a former judge attempting to find meaning in his retirement years and Dolly's love interest
Roddy McDowall as Amos Legrand is the effeminate town barber and gossip
Jack Lemmon as Dr. Morris Ritz is a confidence man who charms Verena
Mary Steenburgen as Sister Ida is a good-hearted traveling "evangelist"
Sean Patrick Flanery as Riley Henderson is Collin's friend and eventual competitor for the affections of Maude
Joe Don Baker as Junius Candle is the town sheriff
Scott Wilson as Eugene Fenwick is Colin's father, who leaves him with Dolly and Verena after the death of his wife
Mia Kirshner as Maude Riordan is Collin's "love interest"
Charles Durning as Reverend Buster
Bonnie Bartlett as Mrs. Buster
Doris Roberts as Mrs. Richards
Ray McKinnon as Charlie Cool, Jr.

Development and production
The Grass Harp feature film was based on Truman Capote's 1951 semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Stirling Silliphant and Kirk Ellis. Silliphant's previous credits include In the Heat of the Night, The Towering Inferno, and The Poseidon Adventure. The film was directed by Charles Matthau, son of Walter Matthau. It was filmed on location in Wetumpka, Alabama.

Reception
The New York Times review of the film stated that the actors' performances were "uniformly expert, sharp renderings of distinctive individuals" and that Charles Matthau had "managed to set them in a landscape specifically distant and atmospheric". The Los Angeles Times review called it a beguiling film and one that "celebrates rebirth and renewal but within a tough-minded view of life that never allows it to lapse into a fairy tale". Variety called it a "sensitive screenplay adaptation" and noted the film's "wonderful ensemble cast". Despite generally good reviews, the film did poorly at the box office. With an estimated budget of $9 million, the film grossed only roughly $1.5 million in ticket sales.

References

External links
Official website
New York Times review of The Grass Harp

1995 films
Films shot in Alabama
Films set in Alabama
American comedy-drama films
1995 comedy-drama films
Davis Entertainment films
Films scored by Patrick Williams
Films set in the 1940s
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Truman Capote
Films produced by John Davis
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Charles Matthau
1990s American films


A pincushion is a small cushion used in sewing to store pins or needles.

Pincushion or Pin Cushion may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 "Pincushion" (song), by ZZ Top, 1994
 Pin Cushion (film), 2017

Plants
 Chaenactis, a genus of wildflowers known as pincushions
 Diapensia lapponica, the pincushion plant
 Hakea laurina, or pin-cushion hakea
 Isopogon dubius, or pincushion coneflower
 Leucospermum, or pincushions, a genus of evergreen shrubs
 Navarretia, or pincushion plants, a genus of flowering plants
 Nertera granadensis, or pin-cushion plant, a plant with orange berries
 Scabiosa, or pincushion flowers, a genus in the honeysuckle family of flowering plants
 Pincushion cactus, several genera

See also
 Pincushion distortion, in optics


Classic Christmas is the 15th studio album by Bradley Joseph released in 2008 on the Robbins Island Music label.

While discussing, Classic Christmas, Gerry Grzyb, chairman of the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh sociology department, states that Joseph's usual approach is to play the carol straight, and then add his own twists. "he's very effective at that—he doesn't stray as far as a jazz or classical organ improviser might, but he does keep the interest up." Grzyb says that the same applies to Joseph's earlier Christmas Around the World album, which he found even more interesting because of the use of other instrumental sounds (added via keyboards).

In a review by Carol Swanson, this album is an hour of "well-executed new age piano...gentle renditions of fourteen holiday favorites". She goes on to say that "Joseph's playing is measured and thoughtful, but never plodding, such as "'We Three Kings'...is elegant in its simplicity, with just a touch of exotic flavors".

Track listing
"Angels We Have Heard on High" – 4:58
"Oh, Little Town of Bethlehem" – 4:48
"O Come All Ye Faithful" – 3:15
"The Wassail Song – 3:28
"Deck the Halls"  – 3:17
"O Christmas Tree"  – 4:08
"We Three Kings" – 6:04
"Up on the Housetop"  – 4:32
"The First Noel" – 3:52
"Jingle Bells" – 4:49
"Away in a Manger"  – 4:19
"It Came Upon the Midnight Clear"  – 5:10
"What Child Is This?"  – 4:33
"We Wish You a Merry Christmas"  – 3:30

Personnel
All music arranged and performed by Bradley Joseph.

References

External links
Official Website

Bradley Joseph albums
2008 Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
New-age Christmas albums


The Pete Newell Big Man Award has been awarded by the National Association of Basketball Coaches since 2000. It is presented to the top low-post player each season.  The award is named after Pete Newell, the coach who ran the Pete Newell Big Man Camp for low-post players from 1976 until his death in 2008.

Only four schools, Duke, Utah, Purdue, and Kentucky have produced more than one winner; Duke and Purdue have had three winners, and the others have two each. Utah's winners are two of the only four to have been born outside the U.S.—Andrew Bogut in Australia and Jakob Pöltl in Austria. The others are Oscar Tshiebwe, born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zach Edey, born in Canada.

Winners

References

External links
 Official site

Awards established in 2000
College basketball trophies and awards in the United States
National Association of Basketball Coaches


The Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) is 64-metre fully steerable radio telescope near San Basilio, Province of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. Completed in 2011, it is a collaboration between the Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna, the Cagliari Observatory (Cagliari) and the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory (Florence).

Design

The telescope is in Sardinia,  north of Cagliari, and is the largest of a set of three telescopes operated by INAF, along with telescopes at the Medicina Radio Observatory and the Noto Radio Observatory. It operates as a stand-alone instrument and as part of global networks of telescopes. The telescope and its structure weighs around .

The primary mirror is  in diameter. It has an active surface consisting of 1008 aluminum panels in 14 rows. Each panel has an area between 2.4 and 5.3 square metres. There are 1116 actuators mounted on the backing structure, which move the surface panels to correct for the distortion of the mirror with elevation. A quadrupod supports a  diameter subreflector, with 49 panels in three rows, as well as primary focus instrumentation.

The telescope is fully steerable. The telescope sits on a reinforced concrete base, carved into bedrock, with a continuously-welded track sitting on a  diameter outer ring, connected to the foundations with 260 pairs of anchor bolts, and supporting 16 wheels. In the centre is the azimuth bearing support, as well as the cable wrap and encoder system. The welded steel alidade then supports the elevation wheel, which is in turn connected to the primary mirror backing structure. A room at the base of the alidade holds the motor power supplies, antenna control system, and cryogenic compressors. Three rooms just below the primary surface contain the secondary focus receivers, as well as smaller mirrors and electronics.

The telescope will ultimately have 0.3–115 GHz (1 metre to 3mm) continuous frequency coverage. Initially three receivers were installed: an L band receiver in prime focus, a C-band receiver in the tertiary focus, and a 7-beam K-band receiver in the secondary focus.

Collaboration, construction and commissioning
The telescope is a collaboration between several research units of the National Institute for Astrophysics: the Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna, the Cagliari Observatory (Cagliari) and the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory. Construction was funded by the Italian Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, the Sardinia Regional Government, the Italian Space Agency and INAF. The telescope cost around €70 million to construct.

The contract to fabricate the telescope structure and mechanics started in 2003, and the construction of the foundations was completed in 2004. The initial schedule was for inauguration in late-2006; construction ultimately was completed in mid-2012.

The telescope was constructed by MT Mechatronics GmbH of Germany. The first light was on 8 August 2012, using the Moon and 3C218 (Alphard). The technical commissioning phase ended in 2013, and formal inauguration was on 30 September 2013, with scientific commissioning between 2012 and 2015. Its first VLBI connection was in January 2014.

Science
The telescope can operate in single dish mode, measuring continuum, polarisation and spectra. It is also used for very-long-baseline interferometry as part of the European VLBI Network, and with the space-based RadioAstron antenna. It is also used for space science, including deep space communication by the Italian Space Agency.

References

Radio telescopes
Sardinia


Glynis is an American sitcom that aired Wednesdays at 8:30 pm on CBS from September 25 to December 18, 1963.

Synopsis
The series stars Welsh actress Glynis Johns as Glynis Granville, a mystery writer. Keith Andes appeared as Keith Granville, Glynis' husband who works as a successful criminal defense attorney. Together, the couple would attempt to solve various crimes. George Mathews co-stars as Glynis' friend, Chick Rogers, a retired police officer, who offers advice and solace in her writing.

Glynis faced competition from the third segment of the 90-minute western The Virginian on NBC and from Bill Cullen's The Price Is Right prime time game show on ABC.  The series was canceled after 13 episodes.

In 1965, when CBS brought the series back in reruns as a summer replacement for The Lucy Show, Glynis ranked #6 in the Nielsen ratings.

Background
On August 5, 1963, CBS' Vacation Playhouse aired an episode titled "Hide and Seek," which was the pilot for Glynis. The series' working title was The Glynis Johns Show, but eventually it was shortened to the star's first name.

Production notes
Glynis was produced by Desilu and created and executive produced by Jess Oppenheimer, who originated I Love Lucy with Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz.

Notable guest stars
 John Dehner
 Eddie Foy Jr.
 Ned Glass
 Harvey Korman
 Strother Martin

Episodes

References

External links

1963 American television series debuts
1963 American television series endings
1960s American sitcoms
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
American detective television series
English-language television shows
Television series by CBS Studios
Television series about marriage
Television shows about writers
Television series by Desilu Productions
Television shows set in California


Silly Symphony Swings is a wave swinger attraction in Paradise Gardens Park at the Disneyland Resort in California. Themed to Disney's 1935 short film The Band Concert, Mickey Mouse conducts from high atop the attraction, synchronized with the music. Although The Band Concert was not part of the Silly Symphonies film series, the name was applied to the attraction as a result of its symphony storyline. Closely following the plot of The Band Concert the main column of the ride rises, revealing a tornado which spins the riders to the tune of the William Tell Overture and William Tell's "Storm". Once the tornado safely passes, the music comes to an end and the ride slows and lowers riders to the ground. The Silly Symphony Swings update was part of the multi-year, $1.1 billion (US) expansion plan for Disney's California Adventure Park. Previews of the attraction were offered at California Adventure's Walt Disney Imagineering Blue Sky Cellar.

The attraction soft-opened on May 28, 2010, an official grand opening on June 11, 2010.

Previous attraction history

The Orange Stinger, the predecessor of Silly Symphony Swings, is a Zierer Wave Swinger enclosed in a large orange themed as bees. The ride opened to the public on February 8, 2001, and operated until August 14, 2009. Riders swung on suspended seats inside the enclosure which offered views of nearby Paradise Pier and Paradise Bay through large openings in the walls. These openings were made to look like peeled sections of an orange peel. The original bumblebee seats were removed on February 10, 2001, due to damage during use. After removal, the seats were unthemed swing seats. Initially an orange scent effect was introduced into the attraction giving it the smell of a "real" orange, but was later removed because it attracted real bees.

The giant orange was a tribute to the orange fields that Disneyland was built on, as well as Orange County, where the Disneyland Resort is located.

References

External links

Walt Disney Parks and Resorts attractions
Disney California Adventure
Swing rides
Paradise Pier
Paradise Gardens Park
Amusement rides manufactured by Zierer
2010 establishments in California


The Record-Courier is a twice-a-week newspaper in Gardnerville, Nevada.

History
The newspaper has its origins in The Carson Valley News founded in Genoa, Nevada, in 1875 by A. C. Pratt. The newspaper was renamed The Genoa Courier in 1880 and merged that year with The Genoa Journal. It merged with The Gardnerville Record in 1904 to form The Record-Courier. It is one of the oldest continuously published nameplates in Nevada. It was purchased by Swift Communications in 1988. The Record-Courier covers Carson Valley, located in Douglas County, Alpine County (California), and Mono County (California) in the eastern Sierra Nevada. An original woodcut of the Carson Range as it rises above Carson Valley produced by syndicated cartoonist Lew Hymers in 1928 appears in the banner. On August 1, 2019, The Record-Courier along with the Nevada Appeal, the Lahontan Valley News, and the Northern Nevada Business View were sold to Pacific Publishing. The papers reformed under the Nevada News Group.

References

External links
 Record-Courier site

Newspapers published in Nevada
Newspapers established in 1875