Khudoni Hydro Power Plant, hereinafter referred to as Khudoni HPP, (, khudonis hidroelektrosadguri [khudonhesi]) is a projected power plant on Enguri River, in Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Georgia that has 3 turbines with a nominal capacity of 233.3 MW each having a total capacity of 700 MW. The power plant is associated with a planned  tall concrete double-arch-gravity dam. According to the Georgian government-commissioned and the World Bank-supported study the construction of Namakhvani, Paravani and Khudoni hydro power plants are the most attractive scenarios for the development of Georgia's energy sector.

History
The construction of the Khudoni HPP started in 1979 and was stopped in 1989 due to collapse of the Soviet Union and protests over environmental concern. It was again blocked by NGOs in the early 1990s. In 2005-2006, the Georgian government started to seek investments to continue the Khudoni HPP. The project was revived in 2005, as Mikheil Saakashvili’s government focused on hydropower in an effort to end constant power outages and to make the country a net exporter of energy. Since 2005 World Bank has been involved in the negotiations with the Georgian government regarding the Khudoni HPP and it approved a technical assistance grant of USD 5 million.

On 19 September 2013 there was a protest action against the construction of the Khudoni HPP and other large hydro power stations that took place in Tbilisi. It was organized on the initiative of Lasha Chkhartishvili, the author of ecological part of Georgian Dream coalition's pre-election programme, Association of Human Rights Defenders and other non-governmental organisations of Georgia. At the same time there was a public discussion about the impact of the Khudoni HPP construction project on the environment. Protestors in the Svaneti region where the Khudoni HPP will be constructed have stated that they will protest the construction of the hydro power station by all possible means.

The importance of Khudoni HPP for Georgian electricity production

Electricity demand in Georgia has been on the rise since 2009 and investment in new generation capacity is lagging behind. It is produced in either hydropower plants or thermal power plants that burn imported natural gas. In winter, when river levels are relatively low and demand for electricity is high, country has to import more natural gas, resulting in higher prices of electricity. Electricity cuts, especially in winter are common. Khudoni dam would, according to government, accumulate summer excess water and used it to generate additional power during the rest of the year. However, the adequacy of the investments in hydro for the purpose of impeding the electricity shortage in winter has been questioned since Georgia will still have to resort to expensive thermal generation and imports of natural gas in dry winter months. Nevertheless, if compensation measures for loss of biodiversity and cultural heritage are implemented according to international best practice, Khudoni HPP could act as a driver of regional conservation and development.

Controversial issues

Cultural heritage

Khudoni HPP site is located in Zemo Svaneti (Upper Svaneti) which has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site area since 1996 due to exceptional examples of mountain scenery with medieval-type villages and tower-houses preserved by its long isolation. Local population still lives based on mixture of ancient traditions and Christianity. The Svans, an ethnographic group of the Georgian people, have their own language and traditions, their own architectural styles, and ancient customs which are still a part of everyday life. The environmental and social impact assessment of Khudoni HPP project does not include a detailed description of all the cultural heritage sites, their precise location and stakeholder responses and agreements.

Resettlement

While project developers stated Khudoni HPP will adhere to World Bank policies and standards on resettlement there are still measures that have to be taken. Khudoni HPP project presupposes resettling around 2000 people which will have a devastating impact on Svans living in the area. So far no resettlement plan was released. Furthermore, the environmental and social impact assessment does not provide any distinction between groups of affected people according to the degree of impact from the project. There is a need to clearly distinct among different groups of affected people and design a tailored made package of livelihood restoration accordingly. Such flaws in procedures for resettlement planning and lack of information have resulted in significant distrust of the population in government and investor.

Indigenous Svan Communities

On 5 March 2018, representatives of all 17 communities of Upper Svaneti gathered in Mestia for a traditional Svan Council meeting, Lalkhor, to oppose the development of gold mining and hydropower projects in Svaneti that threaten local livelihoods and ecosystems.

The protesters restated their demands – discontinuation of over 50 dam projects, including the Nenskra hydro power plant, Nenskra dams, and the Mestiachala hydropower plant.

The Lalkhor came up with the joint statement and developed a petition addressing the Georgian government, diplomatic missions accredited in Georgia, and international financial institutions.

The Lalkhor demands to recognize Svans as ancient, indigenous, aboriginal, autochthonic people with appropriate rights for customary and community property in Svaneti and to ban development of any infrastructure without their prior consent.

Environmental impact

Environmentalists remain sceptical about the Khudoni HPP project. The sub-alpine forests and meadows of the upper river Inguri basin is an area well known for its endemic wildlife. The species that are often found here include different forest birds, large raptors and other endemic birds. Mountain goats, chamois, brown bear, wolf, lynx, roe deer and wild boar are also quite common. Flooding of the reservoir area will cause the devastation of forests and wildlife habitat, the loss of river species populations and the degradation of upstream catchments areas. Even though there is no official protected status in Svaneti, the rich biological diversity of the unique area would be irreparably impacted by Khudoni HPP.

Cumulative impact
Cumulative environmental impact assessment of existing and potential hydro power plants on the Inguri river has been done, but it only includes areas downstream from the proposed Khudoni dam. With more plans to construct hydro power plants on Inguri, the cumulative impact of all of them will result in negative effect on biodiversity and water quality.

Lifespan of the reservoir

Due to outdated data (measurements from 1966 to 1986 were used) and the fluctuation of the inflow of sediments, inadequate assessment of the lifespan of the reservoir has been made. There is strong evidence that the volume of the sediment inflow is much higher, since the construction of the new 20 km road was not included in the measurements. Furthermore, the slopes around reservoir are unstable which can further shorten the lifespan of the reservoir. There is a need to redo the measurements of sediment inflow and to develop mitigation measures to avoid landslides and rock falls into the reservoir area.

See also

 List of power stations in Georgia (country)
 Energy in Georgia (country)

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Georgia (country)
Proposed hydroelectric power stations
Dams in Georgia (country)
Proposed renewable energy power stations in Georgia (country)


Frank Gerster (born 15 April 1976) is a German football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the manager of FC Neu-Anspach.

Career
Gerster played youth football in Bavaria, playing for his hometown club FC Kempten and later FC Augsburg, before joining Bayern Munich in 1994. He progressed through Bayern's reserve team, and was promoted to the first team in 1996, making his Bundesliga in March 1997 as a substitute for Marcel Witeczek in a 2–0 defeat to Arminia Bielefeld. He made a further eight appearances for Bayern - all as a substitute - seven came in the League and one against IFK Göteborg in the group stage of the 1997–98 UEFA Champions League. During his time at Bayern, Gerster won a League title and a Cup and also represented Germany, being named in the squad for the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship in Qatar, and making fourteen appearances for the Germany under-21 team.

In 1998, Gerster left Bayern to sign for Eintracht Frankfurt, where he had a hugely unsuccessful three years, making only one first-team appearance, in a 4–1 defeat to 1860 Munich. After leaving Frankfurt, Gerster embarked on a journeyman career, playing for various Regionalliga clubs before retiring in 2009 after a year with Chemnitzer FC. A year later, he was appointed as assistant manager of Borussia Dortmund's reserve team, assisting David Wagner.

Honours
 Bundesliga: 1996–97
 DFB-Ligapokal: 1997
 DFB-Pokal: 1997–98

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Footballers from Swabia (Bavaria)
Men's association football midfielders
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
FC Bayern Munich II players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
Eintracht Frankfurt players
SSV Reutlingen 05 players
FC Sachsen Leipzig players
1. FC Magdeburg players
Chemnitzer FC players
FC Augsburg players
Kickers Emden players
Sportspeople from Kempten im Allgäu
Association football coaches
Borussia Dortmund non-playing staff


The Platinum Classic was a golf tournament on the Sunshine Tour. It was founded in 1995, and was played at the nine-hole Mooinooi Golf Club, North West Province, South Africa, although the first event had to be moved to Rustenburg when the greens at Mooinooi were vandalised.

The tournament was traditionally held in October but was moved to March in 2012 and September in 2013. The prize fund was R500,000.

Winners

References

External links
Sunshine Tour - official site
Mooinooi Golf Club

Former Sunshine Tour events
Golf tournaments in South Africa
Sports competitions in North West (South African province)
Recurring sporting events established in 1995
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2013


The Shelsleys are a group of small villages in the Malvern Hills District in the county of Worcestershire, England. Situated on either wide of the Teme Valley near the village of Clifton-upon-Teme, they encompass the formerly distinct civil parishes of Shelsley Beauchamp, Shelsley Kings and Shelsley Walsh. The three merged in 1972 and now share a single parish council.

History

Shelsley means "clearing on a slope" from Old English scelf "shelf (of land)" and leāh "wood, clearing". The name was recorded as Scillislege in 948.

Charles Nott, the Parson of Shelsley, was a leader of the Clubmen who in 1645 drew up the Woodbury Declaration, which listed the grievances that local people had at the behaviour of Royalist forces in the area.

Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 the Shelsleys Parish ceased to be responsible for maintaining the poor in its parish. This responsibility was transferred to Martley Poor Law Union.

Shelsley Beauchamp
Shelsley Beauchamp is the largest of the three hamlets of the Shelseys.

Shelsley Kings
Shelsley Kings was in the upper division of Doddingtree Hundred.

Shelsley Walsh
See main entry Shelsley Walsh

Notes

References

Local government in Worcestershire
Malvern Hills District


The Molise regional election of 2001 took place on 11 November 2001. It was an early election as the 2000 regional election was invalidated due to irregularities in the vote.

The election consisted in a re-proposition of the 2000 race, but this time Michele Iorio (Forza Italia) defeated incumbent Giovanni Di Stasi (Democrats of the Left) by a landslide.

Results

Source: Ministry of the Interior

Elections in Molise
2001 elections in Italy
November 2001 events in Europe


Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero Limited, also known as Mechanizations and Aero Ltd and Nuffield Mechanizations Ltd was Lord Nuffield's (W R Morris's) personal enterprise developing improved methods for mechanisation and mobility of the British Army and the ground section of the Royal Air Force.

The company was started in 1935 to separate Wolseley Motors aircraft engine manufacturing business from the car business which was joined with Morris Motors vehicle businesses. In 1937 Nuffield Mechanizations Limited was acquired and the combined company was named "Nuffield Mechanizations and Aero Limited".

Origin
Wolseley went bankrupt in 1920s and was bought at auction in 1927 by William Morris, later Viscount Nuffield for £730,000 of his own money. Wolseley had begun aero engine development in 1929 but when Lord Nuffield sold Wolseley Motors to Morris Motors Limited on 1 July 1935, he decided to keep aero engine development quite separate and it remained Lord Nuffield's personal property independent of the Morris Motors group.

The directors of the company were Lord Nuffield as chairman, Oliver Boden, Herbert Clark, Andrew Walsh, and Wilfred Hobbs

In 1935 at the personal request of the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, Lord Nuffield took on the job of bringing up-to-date the mechanization of the Army and the ground section of the Air Force. The result was that the Wolseley Aero Engine plant would manufacture tank engines and that research units were established there to work on new ideas to improve the mechanization and mobility of the Army.

Aero engines

Nuffield found it difficult to get government interest in him building aero-engines - the ministry saying they didn't have enough work to keep the companies they were already using sufficiently busy and couldn't offer him a contract. When it did come to increased production he would not fit in with the government's plans for a shadow factory scheme where companies would set up new factories producing components which would be assembled at a few locations. He offered to build in his existing factory complete Bristol or another manufacturer's engines or components but got no interest. Accordingly in 1936 he notified the Air Ministry he would be closing his aero-engine business. After a personal meeting with the prime minister Wolseley would produce tank engines. Speaking in the parliament, the Secretary of State for Air Lord Swinton said "I can give the House a very firm assurance that Lord Nuffield's great personal capacity, and the great organisation which he has created, will be used to great advantage in the service of the State".

Development and production of Wolseley aero engines was stopped in September 1936. They were developing an advanced Wolseley radial aero engine of about 250 horsepower but the project was abandoned in September 1936 when Lord Nuffield got from the Air Ministry the fixed price Intention to Proceed (ITP) contract papers which he believed would have required "an army of chartered accountants". Lord Nuffield decided he would deal only with the War Office and Admiralty and not the Air Ministry (see Airspeed).

Tanks

Nuffield's first tank was the Cruiser Mk III which came out of studies of a Christie-designed tank which was obtained from the USA in 1930s. The first pilot vehicles were delivered in April 1937 and production vehicles, "A13 Mark I" from December 1938. Sixty five of these were built by Nuffield. It was developed into the A13 Mk II with more armour - the Cruiser Mk IV -  some of which were built by Nuffield with other British manufacturers producing the rest. Nuffield produced Liberty L-12 engines were used in these designs.

To meet a requirement in 1937 for a "heavy", ie better protected, cruiser tank, Nuffield came up with a design based on the Christie suspension and Liberty engine under the General Staff specification "A16". A single prototype, the A16E1, was built but neither it nor the A14 design by London, Midland and Scottish Railway was taken up and the project was cancelled in 1939.

In 1939 the Covenanter tank designed by LMS was ordered and Nuffield were approached about production but choose to develop their own design to meet the same specification using the Liberty and this went into service as the Crusader tank.

While initially effective, in the harsh North Africa campaign the Crusader got a reputation for being unreliable. They were withdrawn from front-line service in 1942; Crusader III saw the introduction of the Mk. IV Liberty engine, fixing many of the reliability issues previously encountered.

Nuffield Mechanizations followed this with the Cavalier tank which also used the Liberty engine. Though the tank was put into production the power of the Liberty engine was limited and because of the increase in tank weight the Cavalier was not used in combat. The last tank the Liberty engine was produced for was the A27L Centaur tank, effectively  the same design as the Cromwell tank but with less engine power.

Bofors guns
During World War II the Gosford Street, Coventry, plant was to provide over half the UK output of Bofors anti-aircraft guns.

Locations
Nuffield Mechanizations' plants were in Drews Lane, Ward End, Birmingham and Gosford Street Coventry.

References

James Leasor, Wheels to Fortune, Cornwall UK, Stratus, 2001

World War II tanks of the United Kingdom
Organisations founded by Viscount Nuffield

Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Former defence companies of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies established in 1935
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1945
History of the tank
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1935
British companies established in 1935
1935 establishments in England
1945 disestablishments in England
British companies disestablished in 1945


Sergei Sergeyevich Salnikov (; 13 September 1925 – 9 May 1984) was a Soviet footballer who played for Zenit Leningrad, Spartak Moscow and Dynamo Moscow. He was part of the Soviet Union national team that won the gold medal at the 1956 Olympics.

Club career
After two years with Zenit Leningrad, during which he scored against Spartak Moscow in the semifinal of the 1944 Soviet Cup, which Zenit ultimately won, Salnikov joined Spartak as a 21-year-old in 1946.  He won the Cup with Spartak in 1946 and 1947. Salnikov scored two goals and made another in the final match of the 1949 season against Dynamo Moscow, when Spartak narrowly missed out on the Soviet Top League title in a 5–4 defeat that some consider the greatest match of the era.

Salnikov's stepfather was arrested and sent to a labour camp in 1949. Salnikov, fearful for his health, made representations to have him transferred to an ordinary prison, and was allegedly told that it would help his case if he moved from Spartak to Dynamo Moscow. He joined Dynamo Moscow in 1950 and, although unhappy, was part of the first choice lineup between 1950 and 1954, making 113 appearances and scoring 29 goals. He was part of the Dynamo team that won the Cup in 1953 and the Soviet Top League in 1954. In 1955, with his stepfather out of danger, he returned to Spartak, where he remained until his retirement in 1960, winning the League again in 1956, and the League and Cup double in 1958. In the course of his two spells at Spartak, Salnikov made 201 appearances and scored 64 goals. Spartak star Nikita Simonyan considered Salnikov as one of the "golden generation" of Soviet players in the 1950s and 1960s. He scored a total of 138 goals for club and country, and  is ranked 26th in the Grigory Fedotov club, a list of Soviet and Russian players that have scored 100 or more goals.

International career
Salnikov made his debut for USSR on 8 September 1954 in a friendly against Sweden. He was on the USSR team that won the football event at the 1956 Summer Olympics, where he scored two goals in the quarterfinal match against Indonesia, and also played at the 1958 World Cup, where his team reached the quarter-finals. He made 20 appearances in all for his country, scoring 11 goals.

Personal life
Salnikov is the father of Soviet Fed Cup player Julia Salnikova and the grandfather of the Greek tennis players Stefanos Tsitsipas and Petros Tsitsipas.

Salnikov was the son of a Russian father and a Greek mother.

Honours

 Olympic champion: 1956.
 Soviet Top League winner: 1954, 1956, 1958.
 Soviet Cup winner: 1944, 1946, 1947, 1953, 1958.
 Grigory Fedotov club member.

References

External links

 Sergei Salnikov at Сборная России по футболу

1925 births
Footballers from Krasnodar
1984 deaths
Soviet men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Soviet Union men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for the Soviet Union
Footballers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
1958 FIFA World Cup players
Soviet Top League players
FC Spartak Moscow players
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
Soviet football managers
FC Fakel Voronezh managers
FC Spartak Moscow managers
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Afghanistan national football team managers
Soviet expatriate football managers
Soviet people of Greek descent


Herbert Edward Jones (6 April 1861 – 19/20 February 1920) was an English clergyman, the second Suffragan Bishop of Lewes and Archdeacon of Chichester.

Biography
The second son of Sir Willoughby Jones, 3rd Baronet, he was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, ordained in 1884 and began his career with a curacy at St Andrews, Westminster. He was then successively the incumbent at Knebworth, Petworth and Hitchin before ascending being appointed Archdeacon of Chichester and ordinated as Suffragan Bishop of Lewes in 1914, posts he held until his death, after a long illness, at Hove on 20 February 1920.

Notes

External links

1861 births
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Chichester
20th-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Lewes
1920 deaths
Younger sons of baronets


Khrami Hydro Power Plant I and II is a large power plant in Georgia that has 4 turbines with a nominal capacity of 55 MW each having a total capacity of 220 MW.

See also

 List of power stations in Georgia (country)
 Energy in Georgia (country)

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Georgia (country)
Inter RAO

cs:Calkská přehradní nádrž


Outside Your Door (Swedish: ) is a Swedish independent film directed by Martin Söder, which tells the story of a young man living with Tourette syndrome without knowing it. It was released in 2002 by the production company Desperado, and won the 2003 CineStar-Youth Film Prize.

Cast
Lina Englund as Sanna
Eric Donell as André
Björn Gustafson
Lennart Jähkel
Lennart Hjulström
Anna Granquist as Sara
Tomas Magnusson as Rolle
Gerthi Kulle as André's mother
Ann Petrén as Sanna's mother
Henrik Hjelt as Jeppe

References

External links
Outside Your Door at Nonstopsales.net

2002 films
Swedish romantic comedy films
2000s Swedish films


The Bibliotheca Thysiana was erected in 1655 to house the book collection of the lawyer Johannes Thysius (1621–1653). Upon his early death, he left a legacy of 20,000 guilders for the building of a public library ("tot publycque dienst der studie") with a custodian's dwelling. Designed by the architect Arent van ‘s-Gravensande, the building follows the Dutch Classical style and is regarded as one of the jewels of Dutch 17th-century architecture. Bibliotheca Thysiana is one of the Top 100 Dutch heritage sites. It is distinguished by its balanced proportions and the purity of its Ionic order on top of a high basement.

The Bibliotheca Thysiana is the only surviving 17th century example in the Netherlands of a building that was designed as a public library.  It is quite extraordinary that a complete private 17th century library has been preserved and thus offers a good impression of the book collection of a young, learned bibliophile from the period of late Humanism.  The collection contains about 2,500 books and thousands of pamphlets in all scientific fields. The library also houses one of the 14 still existing bookwheels in the world.

The library has a separate special collection of several hundred books from and about Emanuel Swedenborg.

Publications (selection)
  Adriaan Smout: The Thysius Lute Book / Het Luitboek van Thysius. Facs. ed. (ms. 1666). Leiden & Utrecht, 2009.
  Paul Hoftijzer: Bibliotheca Thysiana. 'Tot publijcke dienst der studie' . Leiden, 2008
  Esther Mourits: Fortune - Du Bartas dans la Bibliotheca Thysiana à Leyde. In: Oeuvres & critiques; vol. 29 (2004), no. 2, pag. 78-86
  D'avoir une chambre garnie de plus belles editions. Uit de correspondenties van Johannes Thysius. [Ed.: Esther Mourits & G.H.M. Posthumus Meyjes]. Leiden, Bibliotheca Thysiana, 2001.

External links

  Website Bibliotheca Thysiana
  Inventory of the archives of Bibliotheca Thysiana (University Library Leiden)
  Article about Bibliotheca Thysiana (in Dutch)
 Collection of the Bibliotheca Thysiana (catalogue University Library Leiden)

Academic libraries in the Netherlands
Research libraries in the Netherlands
Leiden University
Buildings and structures completed in 1655
Library buildings completed in the 17th century
Buildings and structures in Leiden
1655 establishments in the Dutch Republic
Libraries established in 1655
Buildings of the Dutch Golden Age
Baroque architecture in the Netherlands


William Thomas Wooldridge (19 August 1878 – 1945) was an English footballer who spent nearly his entire career with Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Career
Wooldridge played for Wednesbury Old Athletic during its successful 1899–1900 campaign and was a key member of the side that won the Walsall & District League championship, the Staffordshire Junior Cup and the Walsall Junior Cup, as well as being beaten finalists in the Wolverhampton Junior Cup. He scored both goals in the Walsall Cup success v Wednesbury St John's and scored the decisive second goal in a 2–0 victory over Hednesford Swifts on the last day of the season, which enabled Wednesbury to take the title, finishing a point ahead of Hednesford Town.

He joined Wolverhampton Wanderers in May 1900, before making his first team debut on Boxing Day 1900 in a 1–1 draw with Sheffield Wednesday. He scored two in his second game to give the club victory over their Black Country rivals West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns. He scored a total of 6 in 17 league games and scored a further three goals in the FA Cup and ended the season as their top goalscorer with 9. In four of the next five seasons he reached double figures in the league, the last in the second division, helping them to make an immediate return. Wooldridge frequently began to play at centre back between September and December 1906, a position he held permanently from November 1907. He played in his now favoured position when he captained Wolves to their 1908 FA Cup triumph, when they beat First Division Newcastle United 3–1 in the final. He was Wolves' leading goalscorer four times in his first six seasons, scoring a total of 89 goals in 356 appearances during his 11 seasons at Molineux. He also scored a hat-trick for the Football League in a 9–0 win over the Irish League in an inter-league friendly in November 1901 and four in an unofficial international against Germany on 25 September 1901.

In July 1911 he joined Croydon Common, who played in the Southern League Division 2 and the South Eastern League. In the FA Cup Wooldridge played his last four matches, the Robins had entered at the 4th Qualifying Round stage and were trailing 2–0 at New Brompton when the match was abandoned due to bad light. Taking full advantage of the second chance, Croydon won the rematch 2–1, Wooldridge scoring their second. Next was a home tie with Ripley Town Athletic, which they won 4–1 to go through to the first round proper. Their opponents were Leicester City (then Fosse) who were in Division Two. The tie was played at The Nest and saw the Robins let a two-goal lead slip as the match ended in a 2–2 draw. The Robins were made to pay for missing their chance first time around as Leicester ran out 6-1 winners, becoming the last FA Cup match for Wooldridge. He had managed 1 goal in 4 FA Cup matches, failed to score in 10 appearances in the Southern League but did score 1, against Peterborough City, in 14 appearances in the South Eastern League. He retired at the end of the season.

He died in 1945.

Career statistics

Honours
Wolverhampton Wanderers
FA Cup winners: 1908

References

Bibliography

1878 births
1945 deaths
English men's footballers
English Football League players
Wednesbury Old Athletic F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
English Football League representative players
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football forwards
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley


ON 207 was a North Atlantic convoy of the ONS/ON series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the subject of a major U-boat attack in October 1943, the fourth battle in the German autumn offensive.

Background

Still believing their new weapons and tactics gave them an advantage, despite the losses suffered by wolfpack Schlieffen and unaware of the poor results achieved during its attack on convoys ONS 20 and ON 206,
Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (BdU) re-organized the boats then in the North Atlantic into patrol line Siegfried to continue the offensive. The next convoy subjected to an attack was ON 207.

Protagonists
ON 207 departed Liverpool on 18 October 1943, bound for New York.
Composed of 52 ships it was escorted by Canadian escort group C-1, which comprised 3 destroyers;  (Cdr JA Burnett as Senior Officer Escort), HMCS St Laurent and , frigate  and 3 corvettes; ,  and . The escort was augmented by the escort carrier , with 3 sloops ,  and  as escort,
and the Merchant aircraft carrier Amastra, though she had to return to base early in the voyage with storm damage.

BdU had established the patrol line Seigfried of 18 boats.
It consisted of 7 boats from the disbanded group Schlieffen, plus 11 others from bases in France and Germany. All the reinforcements were commanded by new skippers; 6 from Norway were also new boats, while the 5 from France were experienced boats with new commanders.
The Siegfried boats had fuel problems, so a re-fueling group was established north of the Azores, of 3 U-tankers and a flak boat as escort.

When Allied intelligence learned of the position of Seigfried, it was decided to force an engagement with the wolfpack; several HX and SC convoys in the area were diverted away, whilst ON 207 was left to continue on course, as a bait convoy for the U-boats. ON 207 was massively reinforced by two support groups, 2nd EG  commanded by Capt FJ Walker, and B-7 EG, commanded by Cdr P Gretton, which detached from a successful trip with ON 206.
2 EG comprised 4 sloops , ,  and  and
was accompanied by the escort carrier . (Two of 2EG's sloops were absent at the time).
B 7 group at this point comprised 2 destroyers  and , and 2 corvettes  and . B-7 also had 2 corvettes detached.

The Action

On 23 October 1943  was sighted by a B-24 Liberator of No. 224 Squadron RAF attempting to make contact with the convoy. The  Liberator attacked, and was joined by escorts  Vidette and Duncan of B-7. They also attacked with depth charges, and U-274 was destroyed with all hands.

On 26 October  was attacked by a Liberator of No. 10 Squadron RCAF, but she escaped with little damage. Later in the day, another Liberator of 10 Squadron attacked and destroyed .

On 29 October B 7 detached to join ON 208, which was following several days behind; the group found  shadowing the convoy. Duncan, Vidette and Sunflower attacked with depth charges and Hedgehog, and U-282 was destroyed with all hands.

During the time ON 207 was in Siegfrieds patrol area, none of its boats were able to launch an attack, and none of ON 207s ships were harmed by enemy action.

While this action was taking place, Siegfrieds refuelling group was also under attack, from two USN Hunter-killer groups centred on the escort carriers  and .
On the night of 25/26 October they attacked the U-tanker , though she escaped with no damage; on 28 October they attacked two U-boats, , which was destroyed, and  which was damaged and forced to return to base.
On 31 October two more boats were attacked, U-91, which escaped again, and , which was destroyed. Later that day, the destroyer  destroyed  in a 72-minute duel, that also saw Borie fatally damaged, sinking later that day.

ON 207 continued to its destination, arriving at New York on 4 November 1943.

Conclusion

With 3 U-boats destroyed for no ships lost ON 207 was undoubtedly an Allied victory; but if Admiralty was hoping to inflict a crushing blow to UbW by wiping out an entire wolf pack, this success eluded them.
Most of the U-boats were unable to make contact, and those that did were unable to shadow effectively in order to bring the pack together. Possibly the escorts were unfamiliar with their role as bait, and were too efficient at keeping the pack away from the convoy.

Following ON 207 BdU re-configured Siegfried to form 3 sub-groups to cover a wider area, but this failed to produce results. Also BdU was realizing that the new weapons and tactics underpinning the Autumn offensive were not being successful; and following the attack on ON 207 no further North Atlantic convoys were seriously harmed.

Table

U-boats destroyed

References

Peter Gretton : Convoy Escort Commander (1964).ISBN (none)
Arnold Hague : The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 (2000).  (Canada).  (UK)

Stephen Roskill : The War at Sea 1939–1945   Vol III(1959).ISBN (none)

External links
ON 207 on Convoyweb

ON207
Naval battles of World War II involving Canada


John Graham Cuckney, Baron Cuckney (12 July 1925 – 30 October 2008) was a British industrialist, civil servant and peer.

Early life and career
Born in India to Air Vice-Marshal E. J. Cuckney and his wife Lilian, Cuckney was educated at Shrewsbury School. He read medicine at the University of St Andrews, returning after service with the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers and the King's African Rifles during World War II to study history and economics. He was recruited by MI5, with whom he served until 1959. Cuckney's time in MI5 featured in Peter Wright's book Spycatcher, where Wright described him as "a tough, no-nonsense" officer.

Business and public service
After leaving MI5, he worked in the City at stockbroking firm Standard Industrial Group, before joining merchant bank Lazard, where he became the first director to resign in over 100 years. He then established Anglo-Eastern Bank with Sir David Alliance, specialising in trade finance between Britain and the Middle East.

Cuckney was appointed chairman of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board in 1970, which he restructured and restored to viability following the possibility of insolvency. He left in 1972 to become the first chief executive of the Property Services Agency, set up to manage the government's property estate. In 1974 he moved to the Crown Agents, which was in financial difficulty following the secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975. He joined as chairman and separated out the military sales arm as International Military Services (a Ministry of Defence company), which he also became chairman of and served until 1985. He left the Crown Agents in 1978, and briefly joined the Port of London Authority before being knighted.

He subsequently became director and/or chairman of various companies, including travel company Thomas Cook, Midland Bank, tea company Brooke Bond, engineering firm John Brown, helicopter manufacturer Westland, Royal Insurance, Investors in Industry (later 3i), pharmaceutical company Glaxo, and Orion Publishing Group.

Westland affair and Maxwell scandal
Cuckney had gained a reputation as a "the company doctor who never lost a patient" following his involvement with the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, Crown Agents, and John Brown. His appointment in 1985 as chairman of Westland, when the company was facing bankruptcy, saw him become involved in the 1985–1986 Westland affair, a political scandal for Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party government. Cuckney, with Thatcher, favoured a merger with the American company Sikorsky, while the Secretary of State for Defence Michael Heseltine favoured a European merger. The American option prevailed, and the affair led to Heseltine's resignation.

In 1992 he was appointed as an advisor to Peter Lilley, Secretary of State for Social Security, following the death of Robert Maxwell and the discovery that he had stolen hundreds of millions of pounds from his companies' pension funds. He headed the Maxwell Pensioners' Trust and in 1995, brokered a £276 million out-of-court settlement, known as the Major Settlement, between the pension schemes and those institutions against which the schemes had potential legal claims.

He was created a life peer in 1995 as Baron Cuckney, of Millbank in the City of Westminster, sitting as a Conservative in the House of Lords.

Arms

References

1925 births
2008 deaths
People educated at Shrewsbury School
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
British Army personnel of World War II
MI5 personnel
British Crown Agents
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Civil servants in the Property Services Agency
20th-century British businesspeople
Knights Bachelor
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers officers
King's African Rifles officers
Life peers created by Elizabeth II


Ypsolopha sequella is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is found in Europe and Anatolia.

The wingspan is 18–20 mm. The moth flies from July to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on willow, maple and Tilia.

References

External links
Ypsolopha sequella at UKmoths
 waarneming.nl
 Lepidoptera of Belgium

Ypsolophidae
Moths described in 1759
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Taxa named by Carl Alexander Clerck


Warren Ellis Blackgas is a two volume comic book mini-series written by Warren Ellis, illustrated by Max Fiumara, and published by Avatar Press from 2006 to 2007.

The first volume deals with two lovers trapped on an island where a Black Gas has turned the residents into zombie-like monsters. The second volume deals with the effects of the Black Gas on the mainland.

Publication history
Each issue was published with one standard and three variant covers (Terror, Gore, and Wraparound). The first issue also received a "Blood Foil" variant cover that was initially only available at conventions but later sold through Avatar's website.

Plot

Volume 1
Tyler and his girlfriend Soo travel to Tyler's hometown, Smoky Island, to meet his parents. After arriving, Soo is told the enigmatic history of Smoky Island; it is considered to be a lost colony and the original inhabitants of the island were all wiped out by what historians speculate to be some sort of civil war, where many were dismembered and sexually violated. After a brief meeting with Tyler's parents, the young couple retreat into a cabin away from town that's located on the other side of the Island's mountainous bulge. Shortly after arriving at the cabin, an earthquake occurs that releases an ominous Black Gas away from the cabin and down on the town. Recalling some of the old legends of Smoky Island, Tyler arms himself and both he and Soo go to investigate what affect the gas has had on the island's inhabitants. As they make their way down the mountain, Soo and Tyler quickly discover that the people of the island are no longer human; they have become psychotic cannibalistic monsters with black ooze leaking out of their eye sockets.

After battling their way through the woods and the town, Soo and Tyler arrive at his parents' place only to discover that every one on the island, including Tyler's mother and father, have been transformed. The duo battle their way through a mob of monsters and discover Doctor Menlove, a person they had met earlier in the story before the gas was released by the earthquake. The doctor's transformation has been delayed because he was high on marijuana when the Black Gas came; he explains that the chemicals make the mind and body change, creating an insatiable hunger and a primitive desire to eat and kill. He gives them the keys to his boat and then begs for death. As Tyler and Soo battle off a group of islanders, the doctor warns them that the toxin from the Black Gas is excreted from the tears and saliva of the infected. The couple makes a break for the boat but once they escape the island, Soo realises that Tyler has become infected and she has to kill him. The horror doesn't end there, Soo approaches the mainland (possibly somewhere in New England) only to see the city ablaze and in a state of anarchy.

Volume 2
Soo arrives in the city and sees it is just like the island. She encounters a pair of police officers, Johnny Rader and Wilmont, and explains to them what happened on Smoky Island and how the toxins are spread. Wilmont has been bitten and Soo quickly puts a bullet through his brain after a standoff between Wilmont and Rader. A helicopter flies overhead but rather than offer help it drops a bomb on the hospital where uninfected were taking refuge and then begins tailing Soo and Rader. The two are able to escape the chopper and take cover in an abandoned building. Rader uses his squad car radio to request an evacuation but a monster driving a car destroys the rescue helicopter and their squad car. Realizing the gravity of the situation, Rader decides that no one can be allowed to escape the area. He shoots Soo, whose mind has snapped from the horror, puts on riot armour, arms himself to the teeth, and goes on the offensive. Rader begins annihilating the monsters by blowing up gas stations and buildings, only to look up and see a F-117A stealth bomber dropping a nuclear device on the city. The explosion creates a giant cloud of Black Gas that begins spreading over the entire planet.

Zombies
Throughout the series the characters frequently refer to the monsters as Zombies; however they do not fit the classical definitions of being reanimated corpses or will-less people controlled by another. The Black Gas transforms people and animals into aggressive murderous carnivores that seem indifferent to most injury, but they are definitely not mindless and in fact carry on conversations with their victims. The monsters are aware of their acts yet are unable to help themselves. In some cases they express regret at what they are doing yet are unable to stop, whereas others seem to show no remorse whatsoever. The infection is spread by the monsters through saliva and tears, so being bitten can transform a regular person into a monster.
The solicitations for the series also advertise it as a "full-color zombie epic!”

Ellis has said "The Warren Ellis zombie, in its early phase, is actually aware of what's happening to its brain and body. In its early phase, the 'Blackgas' zombie can actually talk." Although there are classic elements of the zombie genre (cannibalism and the bite spreading the infection) Ellis has concentrated on other aspects stating "the big thing is psychological: the black gas releases the worst things in our heads. They don't just eat people. They do utterly disgusting things. All that black stuff in the back of our brains that we never act on... That all comes out. They're out of control, but technically they're not mindless. They're just beyond reasoning with"

Collected editions
A trade paperback collection of the series was published by Avatar Press in 2007 () as was a hardcover ().

Notes

References

2006 comics debuts
Comics by Warren Ellis


AMS Flight is a manufacturer of gliders, motorgliders and ultralight aircraft. It is based in Begunje na Gorenjskem, Slovenia.

History
In 1978 the first DG-100 license-built for the ELAN company, a single-seat sailplane, was built by a team of Elan employees at the German company Glaser-Dirks in Bruchsal, Germany. Long-term licensing with Glaser Dirks and later DG Flugzeugbau continued. In the then ELAN factory at Begunje glider models DG-100 Elan, DG-300 Elan, DG-500 Elan and DG-1000 were made.

The company AMS Flights d.o.o. was established in 1999 to continue the existing aircraft production and took over the entire ELAN FLIGHT division of Elan on 1 September that year.

The company's manufacturing facilities are located at Begunje, in the northwest part of Slovenia, close to the borders with Austria and Italy.

On 14 November 2001 AMS took over from Technoflug GmbH the production of the Carat motorglider. The Carat is a single-seat, powered glider with the engine in the nose. The Carat was designed in Germany for long-range cruising flights and for soaring.
The Magnus, a two-seat, side-by-side version of the Carat is under development by AMS.

The AMS product range expanded with the acquisition of the Apis ULA / Sport Class motor-glider program of the Slovenian company Albastar on 30 July 2003. Manufacturing of the Apis continued in AMS until serial number 52.

In 2005/06 AMS took over the license for the German-designed sailplanes Rolladen-Schneider LS4 and LS6. These types and their planned developments replaced the manufacture of the DG-300 and DG-500, which was being run down.

In 2007 production of the Apis and Bee gliders was transferred to Pipistrel.

Aircraft produced
To July 2008, Elan and AMS had built the following gliders and aircraft parts:

 DG-100 ELAN:           58 sailplanes
 DG-101 ELAN:           164 sailplanes
 DG-300 ELAN:           444 sailplanes
 DG-303 ELAN:           67 sailplanes
 DG-500 ELAN:		 139 gliders
 DG-505 ELAN:		 121 gliders
 DG-1000S, DG-1000T:	 48 sailplanes		(AMS works: fuselage lamination and complete sailplane: rough assembly, surfaces finish and final assembly)
 Carat A:	  	  26 motor-gliders
 Apis, Bee:			     	  40 gliders
 LS4-b:					   2 sailplanes
 Composite components: wings, tailplanes, rudders: over 230 sets for Sky Arrow 450, Sky Arrow 650TC/TCN, Sinus, Virus

Production line
AMS is the sole owner and manufacturer of the Carat. A family of light aircraft and motor gliders are under development with the names of Magnus, Mingus and Maxus.  AMS is continuing to supply spare parts to the DG-300, DG-500 and Apis.

External links
 AMS flight home page

Aircraft manufacturers of Slovenia
Slovenian brands


Ypsolopha dentella, the honeysuckle moth, is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is found in Europe, Anatolia, north-eastern China, Russia and mideast Asia. It is also present in North America, where it is known from the eastern United States and southern Canada.

The wingspan is 18–23 mm. The head and thorax are white, patagia deep brown. Forewings with apex very strongly falcate; deep ochreous-brown, lighter towards costa anteriorly ; a light yellmv dorsal streak from base to tornus, edged above by a fine white line which is posteriorly bent obliquely upwards to disc at 2/3. Hindwings are rather dark grey. The larva is pale yellowish-green ; dorsal stripe broad, brown-reddish.

The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on honeysuckle, Symphoricarpos albus and Weigela.

References

External links
Ypsolopha dentella at UKmoths
Lepidoptera of Belgium
Lepiforum.de
waarneming.nl

Gallery

Ypsolophidae
Moths described in 1775
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of North America
Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius


The Quality Label for Swiss Tourism is a certification for quality standards provided by the Swiss Tourism Federation. Founded in 1998 a total of 4034 establishments have already been awarded.  There are three levels of the quality label. Its objective is to raise the awareness of quality in businesses, to foster collaboration between the various providers. The Quality Label gives the certainty that the company or the establishment have dedicated themselves to hospitality and specific quality standards. Any company in the service sector in Switzerland is able to be awarded with the Q-Label.  Management and staff members of these Q-enterprises commit themselves to stick to the definitions of the requirements provided by the Swiss Tourism Federation for each of the three Q-Levels. These touristic enterprises allow themselves, in the context of the Quality Program, to be judged by customers and bring improvements if necessary. Currently awarded properties are hotels, restaurants, local public transport services, mountain railways and taxi companies.

The Quality Label Level I
The Quality Label Level II
The Quality Label Level III - The Quality Label Level III is awarded to establishments that developed and successfully implemented a comprehensive and internationally recognised quality management system (QMS) such as ISO 9001:2000 or EFQM.

References

External links
 Website of the Quality Label for Swiss Tourism

Tourism in Switzerland


Yuri Sergeyevich Sedov () (March 4, 1929 in Moscow – April 4, 1995 in Moscow) was a Soviet football player and manager.

Coaching Honours
 Iceland Premier League winner: 1981, 1982

Player Honours
 Soviet Top League winner: 1952, 1953, 1958.
 Soviet Cup winner: 1950

International career
Sedov made his debut for USSR on September 8, 1954 in a friendly against Sweden.

External links
 Profile on rusteam
 Profile on FC Spartak Moskva official site
 Profile on KLISF

1929 births
1995 deaths
Russian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Soviet Union men's international footballers
Soviet football managers
FC Spartak Moscow players
Soviet Top League players
Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur managers
Russian football managers
Russian expatriate football managers
Men's association football defenders


Lisa Jane Tyrrell (born 7 June 1967 in Salford) is an English operatic soprano.

She studied at Chetham's School of Music in Manchester and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London and made her operatic debut in 1990 singing Pamina in The Magic Flute for English Touring Opera. She subsequently debuted at Glyndebourne Festival Opera in Death in Venice and the Royal Opera, London in  The Marriage of Figaro. Her debut at the Welsh National Opera came in June 1996 when she created the role of The Child in the world premiere of Peter Maxwell Davies' opera,  The Doctor of Myddfai. She went on to perform in the world premieres of two other works by Maxwell Davies:
The Jacobite Rising  – for orchestra, chorus and vocal soloists (soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor and baritone). The work was commissioned to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the second Jacobite rising (1745-6) and was first performed on 15 October 1997 at the City Halls, Glasgow.
Sea Elegy – for orchestra, chorus and vocal soloists (soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor and baritone). A setting of four elegies by the poet George Mackay Brown, the work was commissioned by the Scottish Chamber Orchestra to celebrate its 25th anniversary. It was first performed on 3 December 1998 at Queen's Hall, Edinburgh.

Amongst the other premieres in which she has sung are the title role in the London premiere of Michael Berkeley's Jane Eyre (Linbury Studio, Royal Opera House, November 2000) and the role of Madame Vitalie Rimbaud in the world premiere of Rimbaud, la parole libérée by Marco-Antonio Perez-Ramirez. (Opéra National de Montpellier, 29 March 2007).

Recording
The Doctor of Myddfai (Paul Whelan, Lisa Tyrrell, Gynne Howell et al.; Welsh National Opera Orchestra and Chorus; Richard Armstrong, conductor) Recorded live, 5 October 1996. Label: Collins Classics 70462

References
Cummings, David  (editor) International Who's who in Music and Musicians' Directory: Classical and Light Classical Music, Routledge, 2000, p. 652.
Edition Wilhelm Hansen Peter Maxwell Davies: Discography. Accessed 31 October 2008.
Guérin, Danielle (editor) Opéra et Concerts, Rue des beaux Arts, Société Oscar Wilde,  N. 7, February/March 2007. Accessed 31 October 2008.
Tanner, Michael, "Ceaseless activity", The Spectator,  11 November 2000.

English operatic sopranos
Musicians from Salford
1967 births
Living people


Ypsolopha asperella is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is found in Northern and Central Europe, Siberia, Korea, China, Asia Minor and Mideast Asia.

The wingspan is 20–21 mm.

The larvae feed on apple, Crataegus, Cerasus, Pyrus, Armeniaca, Persica and Prunus species (including Prunus sargentii).

References

External links

Ypsolophidae
Moths described in 1761
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


The 2001 Sicilian regional election was held on 24 June 2001. For the first time the president of Region was elected directly by the citizens.

The election was competed by three competitors: Salvatore Cuffaro, House of Freedoms candidate; Leoluca Orlando, candidate of The Olive Tree and former mayor of Palermo; and Sergio D'Antoni, leader of European Democracy. Cuffaro won by a landslide.

Results

2001 elections in Italy
Elections in Sicily
June 2001 events in Europe


Blood on the Forge is a migration novel by the African-American writer William Attaway set in the steel valley of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, during 1919, a time when vast numbers of Black Americans moved northward. Attaway's own family was part of this population shift from South to North when he was a child.

His novel follows the Moss brothers as they escape the inequality of sharecropping in the South only to encounter inequality in the mills of the North. Their story illustrates the tragedy and hardships many Black Americans faced during the Great Migration. Blood on the Forge touches on themes such as the destruction of nature, the emptiness and hunger that the working characters experience, the complications of the individual in a depersonalized world, and the myth of the American Dream.

Background

During his childhood in the 1910s, author William Attaway traveled with his family from the segregated south of Mississippi to the northern city of Chicago, Illinois; in doing so his family became part of what would be known as the Great Migration. From 1910 to 1930, approximately six million African Americans moved from the rural southern United States to the industrialized North. The northern states of Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, New York and Michigan received the majority of the migrating African Americans. Factors motivating blacks to migrate north included the plentiful job opportunities in Northern industry, and the desire to escape the harsh racial climate of the South. As a result, neighborhoods in Northern cities saw drastic changes in population and an increase in issues concerning housing. Many cultural movements were spawned due to the large influx in black populations in the North, including the Harlem Renaissance and the spread of jazz music.

Plot summary
Part One
The novel opens in Kentucky, in the year 1919; sharecropping half-brothers Big Mat, Chinatown, and Melody Moss are in dire straits. After their mule dragged their mother to her death, Big Mat killed the animal in a fit of rage. Now without a mule, the brothers are unable to work their land, and are likely to starve. The landowner, Mr. Johnston, agrees to give the brothers another mule.

When Big Mat goes to Mr. Johnston's riding boss to collect the mule he had been promised, the riding boss refuses to give him the mule, and makes a racist comment about the departed Mrs. Moss. Big Mat's anger again overcomes him and he attacks and possibly kills the riding boss. Earlier that day, Chinatown and Melody are visited by a white man on horseback who gives them a ten-dollar bill, promising much more if the brothers leave that night on a train that would take them North, to work. When Big Mat returns that evening and Melody and Chinatown tell him what the stranger said, Big Mat decides that he and his brothers will head North that very evening.

Part Two
Part Two, the shortest of the novel, chronicles the inhumane conditions of the train in which the Moss brothers are shipped north to Pennsylvania.

Part Three
The Moss brothers arrive at a mill town near Pittsburgh, where they get work in the steel mill and live together in a bunkhouse with the other workers of the mill. On their time off, Chinatown and Melody go to a Mexican madam named Sugar Mama, where they meet her niece Anna, whom Melody becomes infatuated with.

Chinatown and Melody convince Big Mat to come with them to a dog fight. When Anna rushes into the ring to prevent the death of one of the dogs, she is hit by the dog's owner. Big Mat responds by punching the man, which leads to a riot. After the fight breaks up, Anna rushes up to Big Mat and kisses him before running away again.

Big Mat takes Anna away from Sugar Mamma and sets up house with her in a small shack. Melody brings a letter from Big Mat's wife Hattie to the shack only to find Anna there alone. When he tells Anna about the letter she tries to snatch it from him; the two wrestle over the letter. The struggle culminates in Melody raping Anna.

There is a catastrophic accident at the mill that kills 14 men and blinds Chinatown. After this tragedy, the labor union becomes very active and gains many new members. The atmosphere of the town becomes increasingly hostile as the foreign mill workers come to resent the African American workers, who are the only group that refuse to join the union.

Big Mat is recruited by the sheriff, who is impressed with Big Mat's strength, to be a deputy and help combat the growing union. Once deputized, Mat is told that he is a boss in the town; after a lifetime of oppression, this new feeling of authority goes to Big Mat's head.

Melody decides to cheer Chinatown up after his accident by taking him to visit some prostitutes. Once at the brothel, Melody finds out that Anna has been working there. Melody returns home and tries to convince Anna to run away with him. When Big Mat overhears them, he once again is overpowered by his rage and beats Anna with his brass-studded belt.

Later that night Big Mat, along with the sheriff and his deputies, raid the union headquarters. In the midst of the action, Big Mat is repeatedly hit on the back of the head with a pickaxe handle by a young Slavic union member. Big Mat is killed by the blows.

The book ends with Melody and Chinatown leaving the mill town as they take a train to Pittsburgh, where they plan to rebuild their lives.

Genre

Proletarian literature

Blood on the Forge is an example of proletarian literature, a genre whose works usually represented the years surrounding the Great Depression. The experience of the characters in the novel mirror the class struggles during the Great Migration, specifically the hardships of African American workers during this period. The Moss brothers are realistically depicted as "emerging black proletariat."

Migration narrative

Attaway's novel is also a migration narrative, as it traces the journey of African American brothers from Southern farm life to the industrial North. Lawrence R. Rodgers states that there are four kinds of migration narratives, the Early Migration Novel, the Harlem Renaissance, the Fugitive Migration Novel, and finally the Communal Migrant Novel, which is post-Depression. Blood on the Forge would be considered an Early Migration Novel, as it takes place during the early 20th century and because of its industrial subject matter. Rodgers explains that Harlem Renaissance works do not discuss the actual migration, only what came of it, and in her review of Rodgers' Canaan Bound: The African-American Great Migration Novel, Farrah Jasmine Griffin states, "If the Harlem Renaissance writers failed to make the most of the migration novel form, the generation that followed—fueled by the depression economy, personal deprivation, and a strong sense of displacement—put migration at the center, not the periphery, of its artistic imagination." In particular, Chicago writers such as Attaway were responding to the failures of Harlem Renaissance writers to express the first wave of African American migration.

One important aspect of the migration narrative is its emphasis on the differences between the traditional (or folk) and the modern. Migration narratives typically include references to ancestors and strangers, with ancestors being linked to the South and strangers to the North. In Blood on the Forge, the immigrants the Moss brothers work with in the mills would be considered strangers. Ancestors are also linked with folklore and tradition, such as music and food. Melody tries to keep the brother's heritage alive with his guitar. Each brother experiences his own shift from the folk to the industrial that is characteristic of the Great Migration. Melody changes the way he plays the guitar from slicking the chords, as he did at home, to picking them. Chinatown loses his eyes in an accidental explosion in the mills, forcing him to adapt to the industrial world as a blind man. Big Mat is the last one to leave behind his tradition. While at home he lashed out in anger against his oppressors, such as the riding boss, in the North Big Mat joins the oppressor as he becomes a deputy, using his anger to break his fellow workers' strike. Edward E. Waldron describes him as becoming "as destructive as the exploding furnace".

Style

Form of the migration narrative
In her book, Who Set You Flowin'?: The African American Migration Narrative, Farah Jasmine Griffin explains that the migration narrative is a dominant form in African American culture. Griffin cites Lawrence Rodgers as the first to identify migration with the emergence of a new genre: the Great Migration Novel. This type of work that Blood on the Forge is associated with has a specific narrative form. In relation to the dominant white society, all migrants are strangers: foreigners driven by persecution to wander in search of a new home. In Attaway's novel, the mill workers all fall under this category. The Moss brothers work with foreign immigrants as well as other Southern migrants like themselves. Within the context of the African American community, the stranger is that figure who possesses no connections to the community. As they migrate to the industrial North, the Moss brothers leave their home and traditions, and start over in a place where they have no connections.

Griffin describes four moments that occur in migration narratives. Not all migration narratives have all four, and they need not occur in this order. 1) An event that propels action north. In Blood on the Forge, this event is the opportunity for new jobs and a better life. 2) Presentation of the initial confrontation within the urban landscape. The first confrontation the Moss brothers have is when they get off the train and arrive in the city for their new job. As they do this, they meet immigrants and are confronted with the diversity and entirely different atmosphere of the urban landscape. 3) Illustration of attempt to negotiate. The bulk of the novel is the brothers trying to adapt to their new lifestyle. 4) Vision of possibilities or limitations of the North. We see both limitations and possibilities of the North in this novel. At the end as Melody and Chinatown leave for a new opportunity in a new city, there is a sense of possibility for a better situation than the previous one. Limitations of the North can be seen in several instances throughout the story. Chinatown loses his eyes in a fatal explosion in the mills, and Big Mat loses his life trying to gain respect.

Characters

Major characters

Big Mat
Big Mat is the eldest of the three Moss brothers. In Part One of Attaway's novel he is employed as a sharecropper on Mr. Johnston's farm in Kentucky. Of the three brothers Big Mat's most notable attributes are his physical size/strength, his rage, and his constant need to be a provider for his family. After the brothers migrate to Pennsylvania Big Mat focuses his energies on doing well at his new job, and scrupulously saves his money so that he might bring his wife Hattie North. Eventually his resolve breaks and Big Mat enters into a relationship with the prostitute Anna. Mat continues to use his physical strength as a weapon against others until his death during the raid of the Union Headquarters.  According to  Phillip H. Vaughan's article "From Pastoralism to Industrial Antipathy in William Attaway's Blood on the Forge" Attaway uses Big Mat's character to represents "the plodding strength and endurance of all Southern Negroes under their particular color-caste system".

Edward E. Waldron claims that Big Mat represents "the last side of the complete folk culture, religion, and an equally important tie to the soil. " John Claborn asserts that while Melody and Chinatown become destroyed in the North, Big Mat "thrives" in his new home, as he, "identifies more with the machines than with his fellow white workers, for they allow him to flourish in a way denied him by Jim Crow. "

Chinatown Moss
Chinatown is a younger half sibling to Big Mat. Chinatown resists sharecropping work, instead enjoying a lazy and carefree lifestyle on the Kentucky farm. Chinatown focuses on his own needs before those of the family, using his money on frivolous items such as a gold tooth. After leaving the farm, Chinatown, succumbing to the temptations offered by city life in Pennsylvania, becomes fascinated with drinking, gambling, and hiring prostitutes. Midway through the novel, Chinatown is left blind after an accident at the steel mill and is forced out of work and into the care of Big Mat and Melody. Phillip H. Vaughan argues that Chinatown's "lazy, happy-go-lucky attitude reflects in part a psychological response to the subjugated position of the Negroes" following the abolition of slavery.

Edward E. Waldron claims that Chinatown's main concern in life is to make himself unique, to be noticed as special; his gold tooth provides relief for this concern, and "looking at the tooth shining back at him from his mirror image gives Chinatown a real sense of being somebody. " Stacy I. Morgan claims that the tooth represents Chinatown's "fragile sense of self-esteem," and that he "fixes on the gold tooth as a way of struggling to affirm his individuality and humanity in the face of a socioeconomic system that would otherwise reduce him to a faceless sharecropper.

Melody Moss
Melody, like Chinatown, is a younger half-sibling to  Big Mat. Melody's most prominent characteristic is his love for music, which is expressed through his guitar playing. Once the brothers migrate to Pennsylvania, Melody is forced to work in the steel mills alongside his brothers; this harsh new way of life alienates Melody from his guitar, and he ceases to play. Melody develops feelings for Anna, despite her relationship with Big Mat, and tries to convince her to run away with him. According to Vaughan, Melody's blues singing "recreates and sustains the pastoral myth... and an existence characterized by images of hunger, barrenness, and drudgery".

Minor characters

Hattie
Hattie is Big Mat's wife. When the Moss Brothers travel North, Hattie is left behind pregnant. Big Mat receives a letter from Hattie saying that she fell and lost the baby.

Sugar Mama
Sugar Mama is a prostitute from "Mex Town."

Anna
Anna is fourteen or fifteen years old and Sugar Mama's niece. Sugar Mama sent for Anna from New Mexico, thinking she would bring more business. At first, Anna tries to sleep with Melody, but when Big Mat defends Anna after an owner at the dog fight hits her, she becomes infatuated with Big Mat. Anna moves into a shack with Big Mat, where she endures his beatings.

Smothers
Smothers is a crippled laborer. In an article published in MFS Modern Fiction Studies, John Claborn claims that Smothers is "a prophetic spokesman for the earth's pain." Claborn notes that Smother's legs have been mutilated in a violent steel mill incident, and claims that "Smothers's shrill prophecies are the product of wisdom gained through suffering, of a heightened sense of what the ground feels as it is mined, smelted, and made into steel. "

After Smothers dies in a mill accident, his co-workers memorialize him by turning the steel scraps from the accident into watch fobs, wearing these around their necks for luck.

Mr. Johnston
The Moss brothers sharecrop on Mr. Johnson's land in Kentucky. Mr. Johnston had stopped giving the family food credit after Big Mat killed the mule Mr. Johnston had lent them, and claims the Moss family's share of the crop for the next two years to pay for the loss of the animal. However, Mr. Johnston wants to prevent the brothers from leaving to work in the North, so he tells Big Mat that he will give the Moss' a mule so that they can continue to work their land, and offers Melody and Chinatown work doing odd jobs around his farm.

Riding Boss
Big Mat identifies the Kentucky riding boss as the son of a poor white sharecropper. When Big Mat goes to get the mule he was promised by Mr. Johnston, the riding boss, eager to exert his power, insults and whips Big Mat. Big Mat loses his temper and attacks the riding boss, prompting the brothers' departure to the north.

Bo
Bo is the "boss of stove gang" who catches Chinatown and Melody staring at the woman with the "rotted" breast. Bo points Chinatown and Melody in the right direction of the bunkhouse.

Mike
Mike is an Italian open-hearth worker who helps the brothers learn the ropes around the mill.

O'Casey
O'Casey is the diminutive pit boss in charge of the brothers' group at the mill.

Zanski
Zanski is an old, Slavic laborer who works with the brothers in the pit and works at the lunch car with his granddaughter, Rosie. He's eventually fired from the mills.

Rosie
Rosie is Zanski's granddaughter who waitresses at the lunch car. Later in the novel it is revealed that she also works as a prostitute.

Themes

Nature
There is something very timely in Attaway's implicit warning against the industry of the North, as Edward Margolies suggests in his introduction to the 1969 edition of the novel: possibly he [Attaway] saw his worst fears realized in the rapid spread industrial wastelands and the consequent plight of urban Negroes. From one point of view Attaway's feelings about the sanctity of nature now seem almost quaint in an age of cybernetics.

The Moss brothers idealize nature, looking back on their homeland of Kentucky with a certain pastoral fondness. Although the nature of the South is idealized, in both the North and the South nature is dying. In the South, Attaway highlights the overworked land, Big Mat's barren wife Hattie, the family’s extreme hunger, and the drudgery of plowing all day with no reward. Likewise, the urban landscape of the North is also painted as dismal and dying.  In the North, Attaway shows the defilement of natural landscape, evident "in the pollution of the 'dirty-as-a-catfish-hole river with a beautiful name: the Monongahela," as well as the "'mountains of red ore, yellow limestone, and black coke,' that line the river banks."

Attaway's use of "mules" in both the South and North, in different contexts, highlights the Moss brothers' "unfamiliarity of the artifacts of industrial technology" as well as the similarities between the two places." "Mule" refers both to the animal in the South, and the "small engines that hauled steel along the river front" in the Northern mills." The mules, though in the South a part of nature and the pastoral nostalgia felt by the Moss brothers, essentially serve the same function as the mules of the mills; both types of mules perform a mechanized, repetitive task. Stacy I. Morgan argues that Attaway calls attention to the mechanical mules not only to contrast with the animals of sharecropping, but to call attention to the mule's prominence within African American history and folklore.  Morgan also claims that Attaway "indirectly evokes America's unfulfilled promises of enfranchisement ('forty acres and a mule') as well as the long-standing identification of African American men with the mule as a creature that stubbornly endures despite being much abused as a beast of burden."

Attaway exposes the danger of destroying nature through the voice of the mill worker Smothers, who repeatedly warns his fellow workers of the destructive power of the machines. Though the workers seem to see Smothers' prophecies as merely "half-mad, shrill rants," Claborn argues that "Attaway goes out of his way to invest [Smothers] with a strange dignity and characterize him as a Tiresian speaker of truth. " Smothers sees that destruction of nature "can lead to can lead to industrial accidents, understood as the land avenging itself against humans. "

Hunger

Attaway depicts how African American sharecroppers were forcibly deprived of many of life's necessities. In Kentucky, the Moss brothers had to use newspapers attached to the wall in order to provide a bit of insulation, and they are so hungry that they chose to smoke or chew tobacco in an attempt to suppress their appetites. One way that they deal with this hunger is through music, and the novel opens with Melody playing the "hungry blues" on his guitar, which he hopes will distract his family members from their empty stomachs.

Metaphorically, the Moss brothers are also "hungry" for other possessions, those that would not satisfy their physical hunger but rather that part of themselves that desired for a comfortable, leisurely life. This hunger is expressed by the brothers through their "wishing game," where Melody and Chinatown fantasize about their ideal day. When the game is played in the South this idyllic day takes place in the city, where the brothers imagine that they are dressed in fine clothes, gamble all day, and eat and drink their favorite things. Once they migrate to the Northern city, this fantasy day takes place back home in the country. They experience this emotional, existential hunger in both locations. Stacy I. Morgan argues that they desire things that remain "ever out of reach," which shows that "the existential dimension of Attaway's hunger metaphor arises precisely out of this perpetually deferred set of desires."

North vs South
In an article published by Negro American Literature Forum, Edward E. Waldron claims that Attaway depicts an intricate examination of the "death of the blues", or the death of folk culture, with the Moss brothers' move from the South to the North. The changes in Melody and Chinatown reflect the overall changes that southern blacks experienced in the Great Migration, as they have to leave their folk ways behind in order to survive their new, "industrially-oriented environment."

Stacy I. Morgan also alludes to the ways in which the brothers' mind-set has shifted upon migrating to the North. Their vastly increased income in the North allows them new opportunities and multiple ways to spend their new capital, emphasizing instant gratification "

Morgan also notes that the Moss brothers' fear in the train scene, during which their inability to see each other fills each brother with a terrifying sense of isolation, may be Attway's way of highlighting an issue that confronted many who moved during the Great Migration: the "absence of material links to the family, community, and lifeways of former homes, which w[as] frequently demanded by the circumstances of the migration journey northward—a journey that, for many African Americans, did necessarily commence under cover of night. " Morgan asserts that with the absence of these links to their former selves, it was especially difficult for the migrants to retain any former cultural identity in their new homes.

Mechanization
Edward E. Waldron claims that Blood on the Forge is a story of "man's changing nature in the face of ever-increasing mechanization."  Stacy I. Morgan states that the physical injuries experienced in the mills are extreme examples of the larger process going on: the "transforming [of] workers' sense of time and of their own bodies." Phyllis R. Klotman looks at the ways in which the three brothers bodies became tools, a part of machine: "Chinatown is blinded in an accident which eats up the lives of fourteen men; Melody’s hand is smashed so that he is no longer able to play the guitar; Big Mat is killed during the strike which he has become as unwitting tool the bosses wield against the white workers," suggesting that "the three brothers are systematically unmanned by the dehumanizing process of forging steel."
One of the tragic outcomes in the novel, according to Klotman, is the loss of continuity in the lives of men who are almost human sacrifices to the industrial Moloch created by an unseen hand grasping for profits.

By wearing scraps of the steel that killed Smothers, John Claborn argues that the workers "give the steel a ritual value that escapes the logic of exchange value; these scraps open up a space for resistance, insofar as they signify the workers' communal bonding." With this act, Attaway may signify a "shift in the workers' consciousness," as "the narration itself seems to gain a heightened awareness of the connection between steel and the ground." In addition, Claborn feels that "Smothers is ritually sacrificed for the sake of more direct commentary on steel production as a globally interdependent process." As Attaway wrote, "The nearness of a farmer to his farm was easily understood. But no man was close to steel. It was shipped across endless tracks to all the world."

Claborn claims that Big Mat embodies the link between mechanic and racial violence. Once he is deputized, given power by the white law enforcement, and charged to "suppress the white workers," he "relishes the terror he inspires." Claborn notes that, "once the strike begins and the furnaces start to cool down because there are not enough workers to keep them burning, Big Mat single-handedly tries to keep the machines functioning," and claims that this "impossible effort" shows that "Big Mat has himself become a machine." "Only as he dies […] does Big Mat glimpse the reality that, in siding with the mill owners and in becoming a machine, he has become an agent of oppression."

Myth of the American Dream and the working class
Attaway's novel depicts how industrial technology dehumanizes working class laborers, alienates workers from the products of their labors, and also highlights how capitalism moved towards mechanized standardization and away from individualized artistry and craftsmanship.

The character Anna in particular illustrates another aspect of the American myth, according to Stacy I. Morgan, as Anna dreams of becoming "like the Americanos." However, Morgan writes, Anna attempts to move up in class by wearing shiny heels and an elaborate gown, and thereby "misapprehends the complexity of American class identity by reducing it to material cultural signs." Eventually, her dress becomes filthy from being dragged in the mud, and Anna must wear it "pinned like a diaper between her legs," which Morgan claims illustrates how that "the icon intended as a symbol of maturity and class status" becomes a symbol of "Anna's childishness." In addition, Morgan notes that Anna is "tragically pathetic," forbidden by Big Mat to go out in public, the space "for which such ostentatious apparel is designed."

Critical reception
Attaway's novels were not a major attraction to critics at their time of publication. Although Attaway's novels were received well, they have not been as critically acclaimed as other novels written during the 1940s, including The Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck, 1939) and Native Son (Wright, 1941) which have both maintained an exceptional reputation for radical novels written during the Great Depression. Attaway did not continue writing novels after Blood on the Forge, but instead went on to successfully write and produce songs, music and screenplays.

References

1941 American novels
Novels set in the 1910s
Novels set in the 1920s
Fiction set in 1919
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Novels set in Kentucky
African-American novels
Doubleday, Doran books
Social novels
NYRB Classics


Jelenin svet (Jelena's World) is a 2008 independent documentary film written and directed by Tanja Brzaković, about former World No. 1 female tennis player, Jelena Janković.

Background
The film follows Jelena Janković over a 14-month period, and includes tennis tournaments in Madrid and Berlin, as well as her visits to her home in Belgrade.

At the beginning of the documentary, Janković was ranked as third best tennis player in the world.  The film follows her regime as she prepares for various meets, deals with maintaining her diet, trains, meets with fans, and begins her matches.

Cast
 Jelena Janković as herself
 Snežana Janković as herself (Jelena's mother)
 Ricardo Sánchez as himself (Jelena's coach)
In tennis matches:
 Anna Chakvetadze
 Elena Dementieva
 Justine Henin
 Ana Ivanovic
 Svetlana Kuznetsova

Reception
When the film premiered in Belgrade on November 12, 2008, it outsold the James Bond film Quantum of Solace which opened there that same weekend, bumping the Bond film to second place in the Serbian box office.

In speaking about the film, Politika made note that full-length theatrically released documentary films about Serbian athletes are rare. They appreciated that Jelenin svet celebrated the efforts of one of the best among the best in the world, and that the film was able to document Jelena Janković's rise from third-best to world's best. They wrote that the film is dynamic, witty and cheerful in its portrait of Janković, and that it allows viewers to better understand the subject of the film.

References

External links

 „Јеленин свет” - Ведрина на трону, Politika, November 14, 2008

2008 films
German documentary films
Serbian documentary films
2000s Serbian-language films
Films set in Belgrade
Documentary films about sportspeople
2008 documentary films
Tennis films
Cultural depictions of Serbian women
Cultural depictions of Jelena Janković
Cultural depictions of Ana Ivanovic
Films shot in Belgrade
2000s English-language films
2000s German films


Ypsolopha scabrella, the wainscot hooktip or wainscot smudge, is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761. It is found in Europe, China, Russia, Asia Minor and mideast Asia.

The wingspan is 20–22 mm. The head and thorax are whitish, streaked with dark fuscous. Forewings with apex acutely produced; whitish, more or less sprinkled with light purplish fuscous and black, veins ferruginous-brown; dorsal half more or less wholly suffused with dark purplish-fuscous, with one or two black streaks, a dorsal streak darker; three blackish scale tufts below fold and one above tornus. Hindwings are light grey, darker posteriorly. The larva is green: dorsal line broad, white; dots black.

The moth flies from July to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on apple, Crataegus and Cotoneaster.

References

External links

 Waarneming.nl
 Lepidoptera of Belgium

Moths described in 1761
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


The Adventist Church of Promise ( or "IAP") is an evangelical Christian denomination which is both Sabbatarian Adventist and classical Pentecostal in its doctrine and worship. It was founded in Brazil in 1932 by pastor John August Silveira (Portuguese João Augusto da Silveira), as a split-off from the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

It is the second-largest Adventist denomination in South America (after the Seventh-day Adventist Church). It claims to be the first indigenous Brazilian Pentecostal denomination. (The earlier Assemblies of God in Brazil were introduced from the United States). Most of the church members live in Brazil, yet the church is also present in other countries: Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, United States, Portugal, Spain, Nigeria, Mozambique, Cameroon and Uruguay. Worldwide there are approximately 200,000 Adventists of Promise.

Beliefs
The Adventist Church of Promise believes in:

 Verbal inspiration of the Bible, sola scriptura and inerrancy of the Bible,
 Trinity: Father, Son and Holy Spirit,
 Virgin birth of Jesus Christ, substitutionary atonement on the cross, resurrection and ascension of Jesus,
 Jesus Christ as the only Saviour and only mediator between God and men,
 Justification is only by grace through faith, not by works,
 Experience of new birth or acceptance of Jesus as a personal Lord and Savior is absolutely necessary for salvation,
 Water baptism by immersion must be preceded by personal repentance and faith in the gospel,
 Baptism with the Holy Spirit is another blessing for those who believed,
 Initial evidence of the baptism with the Holy Spirit is always speaking with other tongues,
 Holy living, sanctification and obeying Ten Commandments is consequence of receiving salvation,
 Difference between ceremonial and moral laws of God; the moral law (Ten Commandments) is still valid for all Christians,
 The Seventh-day Sabbath, blessed and sanctified by God after creation, is still the holy day of rest and worship,
 Supernatural spiritual gifts (tongues, prophecy etc.) are as widespread as in the first century,
 Divine healing and all of the apostolic era signs are still available for the Church today,
 Christian temperance includes full abstinence from all alcoholic drinks, tobacco and unclean foods,
 Three ordinances of Christ: water baptism of repentant sinners, Lord’s Supper and washing of feet,
 Marriage between one man and one woman,
 Death is unconscious sleep until the resurrection (conditional immortality),
 Very soon premillennial second coming of Christ,
 Millennial Kingdom of Christ with saints in heaven,
 Postmillennial Great White Throne Judgment, annihilation of the wicked and restoration of the Earth to paradise.

See also
 Charismatic Adventism

References

Further reading
 História Documental do Protestantismo no Brasil, ASTE, 1984, p379
 Eugene Lincoln, in The Sabbath Sentinel April 1978, (Cleveland, Tennessee: Bible Sabbath Association), p6
 "The Sabbath in the New World" by Raymond Cottrell, p244–263 of The Sabbath in Scripture and History ed. Kenneth Strand. Brief mention on p255, referencing Lincoln above
 "Why Historic Churches Are Declining and Pentecostal Churches Are Growing in Brazil" by Leonildo Silveira C., in In the power of the Spirit: The Pentecostal Challenge to Historic Churches in Latin America ed. Benjamin F. Gutiérrez and Dennis A. Smith. Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Worldwide Ministries Division. Brief mention
 "Workbook on Intercultural Pastoral Care and Counselling" by Karl Federschmidt, Klaus Temme and Helmut Weiss. Düsseldorf, Germany: (Published for the ) Society for Intercultural Pastoral Care and Counselling, 2004. Brief mention on p83

External links

Seventh-day denominations
Charismatic Adventism
Protestant churches in Brazil
Pentecostal churches in Brazil
Adventist organizations established in the 20th century
Pentecostal denominations established in the 20th century
Christian organizations established in 1932


The Lonely Voyage is an adventure novel by English author John Harris. It is his first novel.

Plot introduction
This novel is about a boy, Jess Ferigo, who winds up on a voyage of poaching along with Pat Fee and Old Boxer. The story is about his journey into manhood.

Publication history
 2002, UK, House of Stratus, Incorporated  , July 2002, Paperback

References

External links
 Cover image at fantasticfiction

1951 British novels
English adventure novels
British bildungsromans
1951 debut novels
Hurst and Blackett books


Carlos Manuel Triunfel Marquez (born February 27, 1990) is a Dominican former professional baseball shortstop who is currently a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners and Los Angeles Dodgers.

Professional career

Seattle Mariners
Triunfel was signed as a non-drafted free agent on September 23, 2006 by the Seattle Mariners. He began the 2007 season with the Class-A Wisconsin Timber Rattlers. He had back-to-back three-hit, two-RBI games on May 11 and May 12. He recorded 14-multi-hit games, including five three-hit games. He was named to the Midwest League All-Star team, but did not play due to injury.  He hit .303 during season-high seven-game hit streak from July 12 to 18 and recorded a career-high six hits, all singles on July 30 against the Inland Empire 66ers, becoming just the second Maverick in club history to post six hits in a 9-inning game since Mike Berry in 1996. He participated in the Arizona Fall League after the season.

In his second season in 2008, Triunfel spent the season with the Class-A Advanced High Desert Mavericks. He led team with 30 stolen bases, ranking tied for third among all Mariners' minor leaguers. He recorded an 11-game hitting streak from April 28 to May 9. Triufel hit a grand slam home run, going three-for-five with two runs scored, a double, a home run and four RBI on July 21. He recorded five consecutive multi-hit games from July 19 to 23 and was named California League Player of the Week in mid-July. Triunfel recorded a season-high 13-game hitting streak, batting .382 with 20 runs scored, seven extra-base hits and 10 RBIs from July 25 to August 8.

Triunfel was sidelined for most of the 2009 season with a broken tibia. In limited time he hit .238 in 11 games. In 2010 with the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx he hit .257 in 129 games. He began 2011 with the AA Jackson Generals and hit .281 in 105 games prompting a late season promotion to the AAA Tacoma Rainiers.

In 2012, with Tacoma, he hit .260 in 131 games. He was called up to the Mariners for the first time in September and made his Major League debut as a pinch hitter on September 7 against the Oakland Athletics and struck out against Sean Doolittle. His first hit was a double off of Aaron Loup of the Toronto Blue Jays on September 3, 2012. In 10 games he hit .227 with 5 hits in 22 at-bats.

In 2013, he spent most of his time with Tacoma again, hitting .282 in 100 games but also spent time with the Mariners and hit .136 in 17 games. At the end of spring training 2014, the Mariners placed Triunfel on outright waivers to remove him from the 40-man roster.

Los Angeles Dodgers
The Los Angeles Dodgers subsequently claimed him and assigned him to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes. He was called up to the Dodgers on April 27, 2014 but optioned back to the minors two days later without appearing in a game. He was recalled again on June 14 and made his Dodgers debut as a pinch runner on June 15. He hit his first major league home run on June 17 against the Colorado Rockies. In 12 games with the Dodgers he had two hits in 15 at-bats. He spent most of the season in AAA where he hit .223 in 89 games. Triunfel was designated for assignment by the Dodgers on September 1, 2014.

San Francisco Giants
On November 18, 2014 Triunfel signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants.

Olmecas de Tabasco
On April 18, 2017, Triunfel signed with the Olmecas de Tabasco of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on May 1, 2017.

York Revolution
On May 16, 2017, Triunfel signed with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He was released on September 12, 2017.

New Jersey Jackals
On February 1, 2018, Triunfel signed with the Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks of the American Association. On April 11, 2018, he was traded to the New Jersey Jackals of the Can-Am League. He re-signed with the Jackals for the 2019 season, but was released on July 22 without ever appearing in a game in 2019.

MiLB awards and accolades
Midwest League Mid-Season All-Star (2007)
California League Player of the Week (July 21–27, 2008)
Arizona Fall League Rising Stars (2008)
Top 50 Prospects: Number 30 (2008)

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Arizona League Mariners players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Gigantes del Cibao players
High Desert Mavericks players
Jackson Generals (Southern League) players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball shortstops
Major League Baseball third basemen
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Mexican League baseball shortstops
New Jersey Jackals players
Olmecas de Tabasco players
Peoria Javelinas players
Sacramento River Cats players
Seattle Mariners players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Tigres del Licey players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players
York Revolution players


Henry George Chancellor (3 June 1863 – 14 March 1945), was a radical British Liberal Party politician.

Background
Chancellor was the son of John Chancellor of Walton and Louisa Porter of Ashcott. He was educated at Elmfield College, York. In 1885 he married Mary Dyer Surl of Newent, Gloucester. They had one son and three daughters.

Professional career
He ran the newspaper, 'The Londoner' from 1896–99. The paper was progressive in its outlook.

Political career
Around 1885 Chancellor became involved in politics. He was active for both the Liberal Party and at municipal level for their sister party, the Progressive Party. He was also in active in the Peace and Temperance movements. In 1895 he became President of the North Islington Liberal Association. He was a Progressive Party candidate for the North division of Islington at the 1907 London County Council Election.

Chancellor was elected in January 1910 as the Liberal MP for the Haggerston Division of Shoreditch. He gained the seat from the sitting Conservative MP, despite the presence of a socialist candidate.

He was actively involved in the English League for the Taxation of Land Values, serving as President in 1910 and 1920.

By 1918 he was clearly identified with a group of Liberals who wished to see the party co-operate closely with the Labour Party and was one of the founders of a "Radical Committee".

He held Haggerston until the constituency was merged in 1918 into the new Division of Shoreditch. At the subsequent general election he stood as the (Asquith) Liberal candidate in competition with the Liberal Christopher Addison who had represented the Hoxton part of the new constituency. Addison, who was a supporter of Lloyd George, received the 'coupon' defeated Chancellor. He did not stand for parliament again.

In 1938 he was Honorary Secretary of the pacifist International Arbitration League.

Electoral record

References

External links

1863 births
1945 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918


The men's K-4 1000 metres event was a fours kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 2000 Summer Olympics program.

Medalists

Results

Heats
13 crews entered in two heats. The top three finishers in each heat advanced to the final while the remaining teams competed in the semifinal.

Overall Results Heats

Yugoslavia is shown as Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) in the sports-reference.com website.

Semifinals
The top three finishers in the semifinal advanced to the final.

Final

Germany won the K-4 1000 m world championships in 1997 and 1998 while Hungary won in 1999. Germany won the European championships in July 2000, but the Hungarians won the Olympic final by about 2.5 meter (8 feet).

References
2000 Summer Olympics Canoe sprint results.
Sports-reference.com 2000 K-4 1000 m results.
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Men's Kayak Fours 1000 Meters". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 478.

Men's K-4 1000
Men's events at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Jarayotar may refer to:

Jarayotar, Janakpur
Jarayotar, Kosi


Ypsolopha lucella is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is found in Europe and Near East.

The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on oaks.

External links
 waarneming.nl
 Lepidoptera of Belgium

Ypsolophidae
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1775