Bhiman  (Nepali भिमान  ) is a town in Kamalamai Municipality Ward no. 11 in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7,609 people living in 1,389 individual households.

Geography
Bhiman is an important town in Sindhuli District as it is a gateway to the district from terai region of Nepal. It is at a distance of 19 Kilometers from Bardibas. Bhiman is located on B.P. Koirala Highway, and is only 18 Kilometers from district headquarter Sindhulimadi. Bhiman - Katahari road passes through the town. The town of Bhiman lies close to the bank of Kamala River. A small seasonal river Bhiman Khola also flows near the town. Bhiman is located at .

Education

Bhiman is an important educational hub in Sindhuli district. Bhiman has a number of schools from primary level to college level. Bhiman has three secondary schools and a primary school, Shri Jana Jagriti Higher Secondary School and campus, Scholar's Academy, Kamala Academic School and Shree Hariyali Primary School is the only primary school.  Shri Jana Jagriti Higher Secondary School and campus offers high school level(10+2) and Bachelor level courses on Arts and Commerce disciplines, which is affiliated to Tribhuwan University.

Business
Bhiman is a business hub for its surrounding villages. It has one Developmental Bank (Class B); Matribhumi Bikas Bank Limited. In addition, it has three Finance companies, there is building and  construction material pasal (Manakamana and shrestha hardware pasal). There is a weekly market, Fridays are the day for weekly markets.

HEALTH: Bhiman has a Sub District Hospital, which has basic health facilities. There is a separate Maternity ward in the hospital. There are few other health clinics managed by Private persons.

SECURITY:
Bhiman, in terms of security have one Army Base Camp consisting 70+ armed Arms and one Police Station consisting about 24 police and is a safe and secure place to visit.

Related:
Clubs like Bhiman Youth Club, Pannesi Youth Club and Srijana Youth Club are the active clubs of Bhiman following the different cultures and traditions taught by ancestors. These clubs organizes the sanitarium programs and organizes different other sports and  competition like Football Tournament, Cricket Tournament, Cultural program, and also helps in social awareness.

Transport

Bhiman is well connected to Mahendra Highway, also called East-West Highway and B.P. Koirala Highway also known as Banepa - Bardibas Highway.  Bhiman is well connected to major cities in Nepal and there are daily buses to Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Birjung, Janakpurdham. The nearest airport is the domestic airport in Janakpurdham. Bhiman has an Administration office, Forest office, post office and a health post. The major mobile operators in Nepal like Nepal Telecom, Ncell and Smartcell providing both GSM and CDMA services. There is also facility of landline phone.

Sports

Bhiman is well known for sports like football, volleyball, badminton & cricket around the Sindhuli.
Active clubs like Bhiman youth club, Rato Guras Yuva Club and others organizes sports event like football league during festive time with participants from many different places.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Canonicus (c. 1565–1647) was a Native American chief of the Narragansett.

Canonicus may also refer to:

USS Canonicus, the name of several United States Navy ships
Canonicus-class monitor, a class of nine ships built for the Union Navy during the American Civil War
Conus canonicus, common name the tiger cone, a species of sea snail
 Father John Canonicus, who directed the building of St. Joseph's Cathedral, Criciúma, Brazil
 Canon (priest), from Latin canonicus

See also
 Canon Digital IXUS, a camera


Mahmud Kâmil Pasha (1880 – 28 November 1922) was a general of the Ottoman Army. He was born in Heleb (Aleppo) and died in Istanbul.

Career
Mahmud Kamil was born in Halab to a notable Arab family. On 22 December 1914, Kâmil was appointed as the commander of the Second Army. On 17 February 1915, he was appointed as the commander of the 3rd Army in the eastern Anatolia, later assigned to 5th Army. During this time, he participated in the Armenian genocide.  He issued directives ordering the deportation of all of the remaining Armenians in the city of Erzurum. He issued special orders not to spare the old, sick, or pregnant women.

Kâmil commanded the 3rd Army until the fall of the key fortress of Erzurum in February 1916, after which he was relieved of command.  After the armistice of Mudros the allied administration established with the occupation of Constantinople arrested him and become one of the Malta exiles. He was later released. In June 1922, he resigned due to an illness. He killed himself later that year.

References

1880 births
1922 suicides
Armenian genocide perpetrators
People from Aleppo
Ottoman Military Academy alumni
Ottoman Military College alumni
Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Ottoman Army generals
Pashas
Ottoman military personnel of World War I
Exiles from the Ottoman Empire
Malta exiles

Ottoman military personnel who committed suicide


Bhimeshwar  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 1,855 people living in 326 individual households.

Education
Bhim Public High School

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Conformation in dogs refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, as defined in detail by each dog breed's written breed standard. A dog that conforms to most of the items of description in its individual breed standard is said to have good conformation. Unlike equine conformation, there are no fixed rules for dog conformation, as dogs are the most variable in appearance of any animals ("Phenotypic variation among dog breeds, whether it be in size, shape, or behavior, is greater than for any other animal"). Instead, conformation in dogs is based on the dog type from which the breed developed, along with many details that have been added to the breed standard for purposes of differentiation from other breeds, for working reasons, or for enhancing the beauty of the animals from the viewpoint of the fanciers who wrote the breed standards.

Breed standards
The breed standard for each breed of dog details desirable and undesirable attributes of appearance and temperament for an individual breed. Due to the great variability in dogs, there is no one standard of good conformation. What is good conformation for a lapdog will not be good conformation for a guard dog; good leg structure for a dog that must travel long distances will not be the same as good leg structure for dogs whose conformation requires short bursts of speed.

Breed standards are designed solely to describe the breed's history and purpose, temperament, and appearance. The breed standard is not a checkbox list of requirements, but rather a description, giving a detailed "word picture" of an idealized dog of that breed.  Requirements for documentation, genetic testing, health testing, testing for particular styles of work or fitness for particular dog sports or requirements for training are beyond the scope of a breed standard, and are instead developed as breeder guidelines by breed clubs, kennel clubs, or even by national agricultural department rules. Conformation refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, along with the dog's expected temperament, which varies for each breed or type of dog.

For details about contents of a breed's breed standard and what is considered good conformation for a particular breed, see the article about that specific breed of dog.

See also
 Canine terminology
 List of dog breeds
 Breed Groups (dog)
 Breed type
 Dog anatomy
 Fault (dog)

References

Dog shows and showing


Potom is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 897.

Localities

The municipal unit Potom consists of the following villages:

 Backë
 Dyrmish
 Gërmenj
 Gjergjovë
 Helmës
 Koprënckë
 Melskë
 Nikollarë
 Potom
 Qafë
 Staraveckë
 Visockë

References

Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


In mathematics and control theory, H2, or H-square is a Hardy space with square norm. It is a subspace of L2 space, and is thus a Hilbert space.  In particular, it is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space.

On the unit circle
In general, elements of L2 on the unit circle are given by

whereas elements of H2 are given by

The projection from L2 to H2 (by setting an = 0 when n < 0) is orthogonal.

On the half-plane
The Laplace transform  given by

can be understood as a linear operator

where  is the set of square-integrable functions on the positive real number line, and  is the right half of the complex plane.  It is more; it is an isomorphism, in that it is invertible, and it isometric, in that it satisfies

The Laplace transform is "half" of a Fourier transform; from the decomposition

one then obtains an orthogonal decomposition of  into two Hardy spaces

This is essentially the Paley-Wiener theorem.

See also
 H∞

References
 Jonathan R. Partington, "Linear Operators and Linear Systems, An Analytical Approach to Control Theory", London Mathematical Society Student Texts 60, (2004) Cambridge University Press, .

Control theory
Mathematical analysis


A hot Neptune or Hoptune is a type of giant planet with a mass similar to that of Uranus or Neptune orbiting close to its star, normally within less than 1 AU. The first hot Neptune to be discovered with certainty was Gliese 436 b in 2007, an exoplanet about 33 light years away. Recent observations have revealed a larger potential population of hot Neptunes in the Milky Way than was previously thought. Hot Neptunes may have formed either in situ or ex situ.

General characteristics
Because of their close proximity to their parent stars, hot Neptunes have a much greater rate and chance of transiting their star as seen from a farther outlying point, than planets of the same mass in larger orbits. This increases the chances of discovering them by transit-based observation methods.

Transiting hot Neptunes include Gliese 436 b and HAT-P-11b. Gliese 436 b (also known as GJ 436b) was the first hot Neptune to be discovered with certainty in 2007. The exoplanet Dulcinea (or HD 160691 c) discovered in 2004 might also be a hot Neptune, but it has not been determined definitively. Another may be Kepler-56b, which has a mass somewhat larger than Neptune's and orbits its star at 0.1 AU, closer than Mercury orbits the Sun.

The first theoretical study of how hot Neptunes could form was carried out in 2004.
If these planets formed ex situ, i.e., by migrating to their current locations while growing, they may contain large quantities of frozen volatiles and amorphous ices. Otherwise, if they formed in situ, their inventory of heavy elements should be made entirely of refractory materials. Yet, regardless of the mode of formation, hot Neptunes should contain large fractions (by mass) of gases, primarily hydrogen and helium, which also account for most of their volume.

Ultra-hot Neptune
LTT 9779 b is the first ultra-hot Neptune discovered with an orbital period of 19 hours and an atmospheric temperature of over 1700 degrees Celsius. Being so close to its star and with a mass around twice that of Neptune, its atmosphere should have evaporated into space so its existence requires an unusual explanation. A candidate planet around Vega slightly more massive than Neptune was detected in 2021. It orbits Vega, an A-class star, every 2.43 days, and with a temperature of about 2500 degrees Celsius would be the second-hottest planet on record if confirmed.

See also

References

Sources

  A discussion of the "Detection of transits of the nearby hot Neptune GJ 436 b" paper.

Types of planet


Bhimsthan  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,481 people living in 785 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Cliff Pennington may refer to:

 Cliff Pennington (ice hockey) (1940–2020), Canadian ice hockey forward
 Cliff Pennington (baseball) (born 1984), Major League Baseball infielder


The ruins of St. Edmund's Chapel are located in a field to the east of the village of Lyng in the English county of Norfolk. It was one of two religious buildings in Lyng, the other being St. Margaret's Church.

The chapel was part of a Benedictine nunnery, purportedly founded to commemorate a battle with the Danes during their 9th century campaign which would end with the death of Edmund the Martyr. The nunnery was transferred to Thetford in 1176. The chapel was not abandoned until at least 1250, and a fair was held on the site by the Prioress of St. George's Priory, Thetford in 1287. The nuns retained a messuage and  of land at Lyng, paying for a chaplain to service the chapel from the profits. A lawsuit is recorded in 1438 between the prioress and the rector of Lyng, after which date the land was transferred to the village church.

There is a reference to the chapel in the Bodleian MS 240. This dates from the 1370s, when in the space of five years there were seven miracles connected with the chapel. These mostly involved incidents in the surrounding villages, such as Bylaugh, Scarning and Sparham, but one involved a man from Kent whose wife was cured of paralysis.

The chapel was in ruins by 1730. The brickwork in the remaining ruins is probably fifteenth century in date, and it is possible that the site remained in use until the Reformation, possibly as a chapel of ease for the hamlet of Lyng Eastaugh to the east. The ruins of the chapel which remain are described as "fragmentary" although Nikolaus Pevsner recorded a surviving arch during the 1950s, possibly the north doorway. Only part of the arch remains, and the ruins are largely obscured by vegetation. Objects ranging from Roman to post-medieval in date have been found on the site. During the 19th century human skeletons were found between the chapel and the road to the south.

References in folklore

A newspaper article from 1939 records a tradition concerning the chapel. It was said that it was founded for the nuns to pray for the souls of those killed in a battle between the Danes and King Edmund's Anglo-Saxons which may have occurred near to the site of the chapel. The Grove, an area of woodland, which appears on maps from the 18th century as King's Grove, lies to the south of the chapel. An "ancient" hollow way runs through the wood connecting the hamlet of Collen's Green to the road. A boulder known as the Great Stone of Lyng – a glacial erratic of conglomerate stone, left in the moraine of a retreating glacier - lies alongside the track. The stone is about 2 metres long by 1 metre wide and has been associated in folklore with "druids, devils, sounds, the stone moving or growing, burials and treasure" as well as the stone bleeding "if pricked with a pin".

When the nuns left Lyng in the twelfth century they retained the income derived from holding the annual fair on 20 November (St Edmund's day). This fair long outlived the nunnery; it survived into the last quarter of the nineteenth century and is mentioned in Parson Woodforde's diary.  There was also a guild of St Edmund in the village.

Sources
 Brooks, Pamela, n.d.: Norfolk Ghosts and Legends

Ruins in Norfolk
Churches in Norfolk


Bhuwaneshwar Gwaltar  was a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,694 people living in 268 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Hugh Van Lynden Otter-Barry  (7 March 1887 – 9 May 1971), was the son of Isabel Louisa née Wolryche-Whitmore (1847–1905) and Robert Melvil Barry Otter, later Otter-Barry (1845–1917), and great-grandson of William Otter, Bishop of Chichester. He was Bishop of Mauritius from 1931 to 1959.

He was educated at Marlborough and Trinity College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1910 he was initially a Curate at St Luke's Church, Chelsea and then a missionary priest in Queensland. From 1919 until 1926 he was Vicar of Brill and then began a long period of service to Mauritius — firstly as its Archdeacon; and then from 1931 as its diocesan bishop. He was consecrated a bishop on St Barnabas' Day 1931 (11 June), by Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral. He returned to England in 1959 where he continued to serve the Church as an Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Peterborough until his death.

A primary school in Mauritius, in the town of Curepipe, close to Farquhar Street, is named after Otter-Barry.

References

1887 births
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Mauritius
20th-century Anglican bishops in Africa
Anglican bishops of Mauritius
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1971 deaths
Anglican missionaries in Australia
English Anglican missionaries
British Mauritius people


Sindhuli

Golanjor ga.pa. Sabik 2

Bitijor Bagaincha  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,430 people living in 425 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


The German Association of Judges (, DRB) is the largest professional organization of judges and public prosecutors in Germany. It was founded in 1909. It is a member organization of the International Association of Judges.

Every other year, the DRB honors a judge, public prosecutor or other lawyer with a Human Rights Award for outstanding merits on the defence of human rights. Recent laureates were Syrian lawyer Anwar al-Bunni, Iranian attorney Nasser Zarafshan in 2007 and the Chinese lawyer Zheng Enchong in 2005.

External links
 Official website

Professional associations based in Germany
Legal organisations based in Germany
Law-related professional associations
1909 establishments in Germany
Organizations established in 1909


Charles Harding Divine (January 20, 1889 – May 8, 1950) was an American poet and playwright. He was a soldier in the First World War, and his first book of poems in 1918 was praised by reviewers, one of whom said he was one of the most important American poets of the day.

Life
Divine was born in Binghamton, New York (January 20, 1889) and graduated from Cornell University in 1911, where he worked for The Cornell Daily Sun and was a member of the Quill and Dagger society. He worked as a reporter for the New York Sun until 1916, when he became a full-time writer. In 1917 he enlisted (having been rejected at first for being underweight) and fought in France in the 27th Division. Following the war he published books of poems and plays up to 1936, when he took up farming. Subsequently, he was a Senior Instructor in English in Triple Cities College, Endicott, until 1948. He adapted two of his short plays for comedy films. His novel Cognac Hill was about love on the Western Front. In addition to his books he published more than 100 short stories. Some of his poems were reprinted in magazines during the Second World War and a line from one of them, At the Lavender Lantern (referring to a café in Greenwich Village), inspired the name of a book Onions in the Stew.  He died May 8, 1950, in Bay Pines, Florida.

Publications

Poetry
City Ways and Company Streets (1918) Moffat, Yard & Co.
Gypsy Gold (1923) T. Seltzer
The Road to Town: A Book of Poems (1925) T. Seltzer

Plays
Post Mortems: A Comedy of the Bridge Table (1926) D. Appleton & Co.
Pirtle Drums it in (1926) D. Appleton & Co.
Love in an Attic: A Play in One Act (1928) S. French Ltd
Mr. Utley's Etiquette: A Comedy in One Act (1928) S. French Ltd
Strangers at Home: A Play in Three Acts (1935) S. French Ltd
Appetite for Adventure: A Comedy in One Act (1936) S. French Ltd

Novel
Cognac Hill (1927) Payson & Clarke Ltd

Films
Post Mortems (1929)

References

1889 births
1950 deaths
20th-century American poets
American male dramatists and playwrights
American male poets
Cornell University alumni
20th-century American male writers


Dandiguranse is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,608 living in 450 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Ten Zan: The Ultimate Mission (also known as Missione Finale) is a 1988 science fiction action film written and directed by Ferdinando Baldi under the pseudonym "Ted Kaplan". The film stars Frank Zagarino, Mark Gregory, Romano Kristoff, and Sabrina Siani. It was Baldi's final film before his death in 2007.

The film, an international co-production between Italy and North Korea, was filmed on-location in the latter country. To date, it is one of the few Western-produced non-documentary features to be shot in the country, and one of the only films made there to feature American actors. The film portrays North Korea as a futuristic utopia, a decision which Baldi later explained as "a conscious avoidance of reality" foisted upon the production by the local regime.

Ten Zan was one of eight North Korean films to be shown at the Udine Festival of Far East Film in 2000. In a report of these screenings for Asiaweek, Richard James Havis regarded the film as "truly lamentable", saying: "The acting is worse than that of the propaganda movies, as is the plot."

Plot
A group of known troublemakers are working on experiments in the Far East. They have discovered a substance that penetrates human cells, and makes changes to chromosomes and genes. These experiments are carried out on young girls who are abducted from the local villages. They are brought to the "Center", which is heavily guarded by mercenaries. The leader of the scientists is an avid biologist, Professor Larson, who dreams of breeding a master race to rule the world. The scientific organizations in Asia and Europe are aware of these experiments and decide to do something about them. A group of ex-commando fighters are used, who have never failed so far. But it remains to be seen if this mission is to succeed.

Cast and characters
Lou Mamet (Frank Zagarino): a mercenary-for-hire, from Mattituck, Long Island, he is contracted through FSR (Final Solution Research); an organization that contacts commandos to deals with problem too delicate to be handled through official government channels.
Jason (Mark Gregory): the military leader of the mercenaries responsible for the attacks and kidnappings.
Ricky (Romano Kristoff): a middle-man for FSR, he is hired by Professor Larson to commission the FSR to end the illegal trafficking of woman, which in turn hires Lou Mamet. Credited as Rom Kristoff.
Mavi (Kim Follet): the younger sister of Ricky, and love interest for Mamet.
Glenda (Sabrina Siani): assistant and lover of Jason. Credited as Sabrina Syan.
Professor Larson (Charles Borromel): Lithuanian professor of the University of Vilna, who works to breed a master race.

Production
Ten Zan was produced as an attempt to revitalize the North Korean film industry, which was then struggling to find markets even in other communist countries. It was decided to produce an action film which could look Western enough to circumvent the embargo on North Korean products and turn out a profit on international markets. The North Koreans went to the Cannes Film Market where they approached Italian director Ferdinando Baldi, who was promoting his latest film, Warbus, and proposed him the project. Baldi was surprised at the idea of shooting a film in North Korea but was curious enough about the experience to accept. He initially wrote a script about the Pacific War, hence the title, Ten Zan, which is a reference to the last Japanese stronghold on Iwo Jima, which was called Devil's Peak by the American soldiers trying to capture the island during the Battle of Iwo Jima. However, the script was completely rewritten by the North Koreans.

The film was co-produced by North Korea and by an Italian company called Amerinda. Filming took place in North Korea and lasted eight weeks. North Korean authorities frequently interfered with filming, forbidding Baldi to use certain locations. The North Koreans were initially very reluctant to have an American, Frank Zagarino, play the lead role.

The film includes a major plot hole in that the character of Professor Larson, who hires the two protagonists at the beginning, turns out at the end to be the head of the antagonists' organization, meaning that he sent the heroes to destroy his own operation. Baldi later conceded in an interview that this did not make sense, but blamed the inconsistency on "a problem of production" as he was not allowed to see the rushes during filming. Baldi speculated that the script had been somehow changed during production without him being informed.

Zagarino liked to take photos, which caused an incident during filming as the North Koreans suspected him of being a spy. Baldi later said that Zagarino had then been arrested and jailed for two days. However, Zagarino himself downplayed the incident in an interview and said that the North Koreans merely confiscated his camera. Zagarino called the film "a huge disaster", as filming in North Korea had been particularly difficult and the North Koreans "never gave us what they promised".

Release
After organizing a screening in Italy for the North Koreans, Baldi had no further contact with them. Due to a falling out between the Italian co-producers and the North Koreans, the film was never released in Italy. It was only released internationally on home video.

Notes

References

External links

1988 films
1980s science fiction action films
1980s English-language films
English-language North Korean films
English-language Italian films
Italian science fiction action films
North Korean science fiction films
Films directed by Ferdinando Baldi
Films shot in North Korea
Films about genetic engineering
1980s Italian films


Georgios Apostolidis (alternate spelling: Giorgos) (Greek: Γιώργος Αποστολίδης; born June 22, 1984) is a Greek professional basketball player. He is 2.00 m (6 ft 6  in) tall. He can play at the point guard, shooting guard, point forward, and small forward positions.

Professional career
Apostolidis has played with clubs such as: PAOK, Iraklis, Olympia Larissa, Panellinios, AEL 1964 GS, Trikala 2000, Ilysiakos, and Panathinaikos in his professional career. Apostolidis signed with Olympiacos Piraeus, in July 2007, and he was loaned to Panellinios  In October 2014, he signed a contract with Doxa Lefkadas. He appeared in 23 games for the team, averaging 11.9 points, 4.3 rebounds, 3.3 assists, and 1.5 steals per game, in 30.4 minutes per game.

In September 2015, Apostolidis signed with Iraklis Thessaloniki of the Greek 2nd Division.

National team career
Apostolidis was a member of the Greek junior national teams. He won the bronze medal at the 2002 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, the bronze medal at the 2003 FIBA Under-19 World Championship, and the silver medal at the 2005 FIBA Under-21 World Championship. He also played at the 2004 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.

Awards and honors

Club career
Greek League Champion: (2014)
Greek Cup Winner: (2014)

References

External links
Euroleague.net Profile
FIBA Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Greek Basket League Profile

1984 births
Living people
A.E.L. 1964 B.C. players
Apollon Patras B.C. players
Doxa Lefkadas B.C. players
Greek men's basketball players
Holargos B.C. players
Ilysiakos B.C. players
Iraklis Thessaloniki B.C. players
Olympia Larissa B.C. players
Panellinios B.C. players
P.A.O.K. BC players
Point guards
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Basketball players from Thessaloniki
Trikala B.C. players


Low hydrogen annealing, commonly known as "baking" is a heat treatment in metallurgy for the reduction or elimination of hydrogen in a material to prevent hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement is the hydrogen-induced cracking of metals, particularly steel which results in degraded mechanical properties such as plasticity, ductility and fracture toughness at low temperature. Low hydrogen annealing is called a de-embrittlement process. Low hydrogen annealing is an effective method compared to alternatives such as electroplating the material with zinc to provide a barrier for hydrogen ingress which results in coating defects.

The underlying mechanism for hydrogen embrittlement is different for the surface compared to hydrogen penetrated into the bulk of the solid. Studies have shown that annealing at 200 °C weakens hydrogen embrittlement caused by internal hydrogen but has little effect on surface-absorbed hydrogen. At 200 °C, hydrogen atoms can diffuse out of iron and partial stainless steel and is the minimum temperature needed for the process. The exact mechanism or its effects are not fully understood because it is also hypothesized that 200 °C allows for vacancy elimination in the solid which can affect its mechanical properties too.

Process description
The material is kept in a hydrogen annealing oven over several hours at temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C. The enclosed hydrogen atoms, known for hydrogen embrittlement are removed by effusion. The method is predominantly used immediately after welding, coating process or galvanizing of the parts.

Effect on mechanical properties
Zhou et al. show the comparison of stress-strain curves of the unannealed X80 pipeline steel and specimens that were annealed at 200 °C for 12 hr. The stress-strain curve changes significantly. The yield phenomena appeared in the stress-strain curve after annealing. This can be explained as the following. At 200 °C, carbon atoms have sufficient energy to diffuse into the interstitial sites of dislocations forming Cottrell atmosphere. This pins dislocations in place and reduces the density of movable dislocations. In unannealed samples, the large density of movable dislocations ae activated and yield does not occur because no drastic change in dislocation density takes place. The yield strength increased by approximately 10% and the elongation decreased by approximately 20%. Finally, based on the testing environments, it can be concluded that annealing at 200 °C decreases internal hydrogen embrittlement but is ineffective for hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility caused by surface absorbed hydrogen.

Effect on lattice
The type of lattice defects are related to the activation energy for release of the trapped hydrogen. Hydrogen atoms can escape from defects and move into lattice interstitials. Diffusion between such types of sites can reach a dynamic equilibrium.

See also
Annealing (metallurgy)
Tempering

References

Hydrogen technologies
Metal heat treatments


The San Francisco Police Department Park Station bombing occurred on February 16, 1970, when a pipe bomb filled with shrapnel detonated on the ledge of a window at the San Francisco Police Department's Upper Haight Park substation. Brian V. McDonnell, a police sergeant, was fatally wounded in its blast. Robert Fogarty, another police officer, was severely wounded in his face and legs and was partially blinded. In addition, eight other police officers were wounded.

According to the San Francisco Chronicle, "Investigators in the early '70s said the bombing likely was the work of the Weather Underground, and not the Black Liberation Army, which was implicated in the Ingleside attack."

Aftermath
An investigation was reopened in 1999. A San Francisco grand jury looked into the incident, but the results were not immediately made public. Secret federal grand juries were convened in 2001 and again in 2009 to re-open the Park Precinct cold case in an attempt to again tie WUO members to the deadly bombing. Ultimately, it was concluded that members of the Black Liberation Army, whom WUO members affiliated with while underground, were responsible for not only this action but also the bombing of another police precinct in San Francisco as well as bombing the Catholic Church funeral services of the police officer killed in the Park Precinct bombing in the early summer of 1970.

The case was unsolved as of 2007.

See also
Crime in San Francisco
List of unsolved murders
Terrorism in the United States

References

1970 in San Francisco
1970 murders in the United States
Attacks on police stations in the 1970s
Crimes against police officers in the United States
Crimes in San Francisco
Explosions in 1970
February 1970 events in the United States
Building bombings in the United States
San Francisco Police Department
Unsolved murders in the United States


Established in 1997, the Real Estate Council of Ontario is a not-for-profit corporation that regulates the trade of real estate in Ontario in the public interest. On behalf of the Government of Ontario, it administers and enforces the Real Estate and Business Brokers Act, 2002 and its regulations.

In Ontario, any individual or business trading in real estate must be registered with the council. As of July 31, 2017, there were more than 80,000 real estate registrants (salespersons, brokers and brokerages) in the province.

Governance
It is governed by a 12-member Board of Directors composed of nine registered real estate professionals elected by their peers and three non-registrants appointed by the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services (Ontario) to represent consumers, business and government. Board members serve a three-year term. The Chair is Glenda Brindle. The Vice-Chair is Rebecca Ryder.

The duties of enforcing the Act are the responsibility of the Registrar, Joseph Richer.

Complaints
Anyone with concerns about the service provided by a real estate professional can submit a complaint on complaint forms which are available on the council's website. Once a complaint is received an investigation may be made. The Registrar will determine an appropriate response. It does not have authority to resolve financial or contractual disputes or provide any form of compensation to a complainant. The “Registrant Search” feature on RECO’s website allows consumers to confirm whether they are dealing with someone who is legally registered to trade in real estate in Ontario and whether that person has been the subject of any discipline activity.

Resource
Registrar Joseph Richer answers common questions from home buyers and sellers in a weekly “Ask Joe” column appearing in the Saturday edition of the Toronto Star.

References

External links
 RECO web site

Ontario government departments and agencies
Real estate industry trade groups based in Canada
1997 establishments in Ontario


Dudbhanjyang  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,608 people living in 450 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Johannes de Stokem (or Johannes Stokem, last name also Prato, Pratis, Stockem, Stokhem, Stoken, Stoccken, Stoecken, Sthoken;  1445 – 1487 or 1501), was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance. He is considered to be part of the post-Dufay generation in France. He was a friend of Johannes Tinctoris, another composer of the period.

Life
Stokem was born in 1445, probably in Stokkem near Liège. For parts of his life, he served under Beatrice of Aragon, the Queen of Hungary, and as part of the Papal Choir in Rome. He died in either 1487 or 1501.

Music and influence
His piece, Brunette, was published in the Odhecaton and is an early example of a genre of music commonly known as "little brown-eyed girl." It is one of the few five-voice works found in the Odhecaton.

Works
 Brunette, from the Odhecaton
 Harraytre Amours, recently arraigned into a string trio.
 Le suis d'Alemagne (4 voices)
 Ave Maria Maris Stella (2 voices)

References

1440s births
Year of death uncertain
Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Flemish composers
Renaissance composers
Musicians from Liège


Richard Boyce Norland (born 1955) is an American diplomat. He has served as the United States Ambassador to Libya.

Career
Ambassador Richard Norland previously served as the Foreign Policy Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Joseph Dunford. Prior to that he served as U.S. Ambassador to Georgia (2012-2015), Deputy Commandant/International Affairs Advisor at the National War College (2010-2012), U.S. Ambassador to Uzbekistan (2007-2010), and Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan (2005-2007) and Riga, Latvia (2003-2005).

From October 2002 through January 2003, Richard Norland served in Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan as a diplomat with the U.S. Army Civil Affairs team promoting political and economic reconstruction.

Richard Norland was Director for European Affairs at the National Security Council for two years during the Clinton and Bush administrations, focusing in particular on the Northern Ireland peace process, as well as on the Baltic States, OSCE, and a number of key European partners. He served as Political Counselor at the American Embassy in Dublin, Ireland from 1995 through the negotiation of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.

Richard Norland served from 1988 to 1990 as Political Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, USSR during President Gorbachev's tenure and the period of glasnost and perestroika. He was subsequently detailed to the Pentagon's Office of the Secretary of Defense, where he worked on policy issues following the break-up of the Soviet Union. He served in 1993 as the U.S. representative and acting mission head on the CSCE Mission to Georgia, addressing conflicts in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and later visited Chechnya in a similar capacity.

Earlier in his career, Richard Norland served in the United States' northernmost diplomatic office, 250 miles north of the Arctic Circle, as Chief of the U.S. Information Office in Tromsø, Norway. He later served as Senior Arctic Official coordinating the U.S. chairmanship of the Arctic Council. He was also a Special Assistant (for African affairs) to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs. He served as Norway-Denmark desk officer, and as assistant desk officer for South Africa. His first tour was in Manama, Bahrain.

United States Ambassador to Libya
On April 2, 2019, President Donald Trump nominated Richard Norland to be the United States Ambassador to Libya. On August 1, 2019, the Senate confirmed his nomination by voice vote. He assumed office on August 8, 2019.

Personal life
The son of an American diplomat, Ambassador Norland was born in Morocco and grew up in Africa and Europe as well as the United States. Prior to joining the Foreign Service in 1980, Ambassador Norland worked as a legislative analyst in the Iowa House of Representatives. He graduated from Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service in 1977. He has master's degrees from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and the National War College. He speaks Russian, French and Norwegian. He and his wife, Mary Hartnett, have two children.

See also
United States Ambassador to Georgia
Georgia–United States relations

References

External links

 https://www.jcs.mil/Leadership/Article-View/Article/1019954/ambassador-richard-b-norland/
 https://isd.georgetown.edu/norland

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1955 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Georgia (country)
Ambassadors of the United States to Libya
Ambassadors of the United States to Uzbekistan
American expatriates in Norway
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
National War College alumni
Naval War College alumni
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni
United States Foreign Service personnel
21st-century American diplomats


Tekija can refer to:

Khanqah or tekke, a type of Islamic religious building
Tekija, Ilinden, a village in North Macedonia
Tekija (Kladovo), a village in Serbia on the Danube
Tekija (Kruševac), a village in Serbia near Kruševac
Tekija (Paraćin), a village in Serbia


The International Unicycling Federation (IUF) is the international governing body for the sport of unicycling. It was founded in 1982 in the United States but is composed of representatives of unicycling nations from around the world. Funding comes from participants at organised events, primarily the biennial Unicon world unicycling championships.

History
The IUF was registered in Nassau County, New York, United States, on 12 March 1985, as a ‘Domestic Not-for-Profit’ corporation. Its principal office is in New York State, and the corporation’s Department of State ID Number is 980300. It operates under the New York State Not-For-Profit Corporation Law. The IUF is registered with the IRS as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.

Purposes

The purposes of the IUF include:
'To foster awareness of and participation in unicycling as a sport and means of recreation among people of all nations through the organization of international conventions and the development of national unicycling organizations'. The IUF selects the location for the biannual unicycling world championships ('Unicon') and works with a European Subcommittee to select the location of the biannual European Championships.
‘to promote voluntary international standards for competition toward the achievement of Olympic status for the sport of unicycling’. The IUF develops the IUF Rulebook, which is the governing document for Unicon and other competitions. The By-Laws do not specify which unicycle discipline (freestyle, basketball, hockey, track, high jump, long jump, street, flat, trials, cross country, muni, etc) should be in the Olympics, or whether the IUF’s objective is that all disciplines should be in the Olympics.
‘disseminate knowledge and information on all phases of the sport to all interested parties via a newsletter’. The IUF maintains a website and Facebook page to inform members and interested parties about the sport of unicycling.

References

External links

Unicycling
Cycling organizations in the United States
Organizations established in 1982
1982 establishments in the United States
501(c)(3) organizations
Unicycle hockey


Zhepë is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 779.

References

Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015


Minembwe is a group of several villages located in the highlands of the Lulenge, within the Fizi Territory of South Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is situated at an altitude of about 2,500 meters above sea level, in a hilly and mountainous region covered with forests, which provides fertile land for agriculture. It is approximately 150 kilometers south of Bukavu, the capital city of South Kivu. The region is also home to various streams and rivers that flow into Lake Tanganyika, the second-deepest lake in the world.

Minembwe was predominantly inhabited by the Bembe and Buyu people, but the region boasts a rich ethnocultural diversity within the region, and it is also a point of confluence for many ethnic groups, including Bafuliiru, Banyindu, Bamushi, Baholoholo, Babwari, Bavira, Balega, Bahunde, Banyanga, Bashu, Baamba, Baswaga, and Banyamulenge. Although the Bembe people are considered the indigenous group in the area and constitute the majority, other ethnicities have a significant presence. Kibembe is the most commonly spoken language in Minembwe, followed by Swahili, which is prevalent in most of the sector centers. However, other minority populations speak their own vernacular languages.

History
The area was conventionally inhabited by the Bembe and Buyu people. It served as a center for trade, commerce, and cultural exchange, with people from various ethnic groups converging in the region. Under Belgian colonial administration, the Bembe and Buyu communities were amalgamated within the Fizi Territory, which was subsequently divided into five regions: Itombwe, Lulenge, Mutambala, Ngandja, and Tangani'a. Nevertheless, following the end of colonization, the Itombwe sector was annexed closer to the Mwenga Territory to establish a more proximate administration for the local population.

During the 1920s, many sections of these regions were deemed sparsely populated, prompting the Belgian colonial authorities to recruit labor from external areas to aid their development. This led to the transportation of Banyarwanda to the highlands of Kivu from the late 1930s to the 1950s. The emigration of Banyarwanda had significant social and cultural repercussions in the area, notably in Minembwe. The migrants, predominantly of Tutsi ethnicity, brought with them their language, customs, and traditions, which gradually became integrated into the local culture. However, the integration process was not consistently concordant. Ethnic tensions flared up between the Banyarwanda and other ethnic communities in the vicinity, notably the Babembe, fueled by land disputes, competition for resources, and political power struggles.

In the late 1950s, there was a significant influx of Banyarwanda immigrants into the Fizi Territory, particularly in the Lulenge sector. This migration was fueled by political instability in Rwanda and the search for better economic opportunities in neighboring areas. Incidentally, during the Rwandan Revolution of 1959–1961, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) settled Rwandan refugees in the sites of Lemera, Mulenge, and Katobo. Many of these refugees ended up dispersing throughout the Lulenge sector and settling in some of the most remote and inaccessible areas of the South and North Kivu regions.
The Banyarwanda who established themselves in the Lulenge sector between the late 1950s and 1980s, alongside their counterparts who migrated to the eastern part of the Congo Free State in the nineteenth century, now commonly known as "Banyamulenge," harbored a collective ambition to forge their own self-governing territory like other ethnic groups. However, they were obligated to fulfill specific criteria set by the Belgian colonial administration and subsequently upheld by the Congolese state after gaining independence, in order to be officially recognized as a distinct tribal or ethnic group. These prerequisites encompassed possessing a native language that bestowed its name upon the tribe, a chieftainship to represent the tribe in relation to neighboring groups and the state, and a well-defined territory with acknowledged borders recognized by the neighboring tribes. Despite Kinyarwanda being the Banyarwanda's mother tongue, they lacked both a chieftainship and a clearly demarcated territory. They were disqualified from being a Congolese tribe or acquiring land based on the three determining criteria. The designation "Banyamulenge" was not documented in colonial records. Throughout history, the Banyamulenge were predominantly recognized as "Banyarwanda," signifying their status as migrants with origins in Rwanda. It was not until the Republic of the Congo gained independence in 1960 that the Belgian colonists ceased classifying them exclusively as immigrants from Rwanda.

In 1972, Barthélémy Bisengimana Rwema, a Tutsi cabinet director of Mobutu Sese Seko during his second republic, initiated a presidential "Ordinance № 69-096." This ordinance collectively granted Zairian (Congolese) nationality to all Banyarwanda. However, the law placed both the Banyarwanda populations who had long settled in the eastern region of the Republic of Zaire, hence entitled to Congolese citizenship by virtue, and those coming from more recent migratory flows in the same predicament, generating bewilderment among the affected communities. The widespread acquisition of Congolese nationality, coupled with the perverse ramifications of the land legislation enacted under the framework of "Zairianisation," prompted businessmen, politicians, and influential Tutsi individuals to seize opportunities and acquire land, particularly former colonial plantations that had been redistributed by the state. These land acquisitions effectively legalized the land settlements of the Tutsi peasantry in the Kivu region, endowing them with a recognized status. The impossibility of applying the "1972 Ordinance", not respecting the basic criteria, aggravated the tension and engendered conflicts in the region due to resistance from other Congolese tribes who considered themselves expropriated for the second time (the first time by the Belgian colonists) from part of their territory by Tutsis who remained from elsewhere in the collective unconscious. These ethnic tensions threatened the national integrity and led the Congolese political authorities to repeal and annul the "1972 Ordinance" by passing Law no. 81/002 of June 29, 1981, and, thus, to correct the mistake that was made to the law regarding the recognition of ethnic communities. In the same year, Banyarwanda changed their eponym from "Banyarwanda" to "Banyamulenge" to be distinguished from those coming directly from Rwanda. However, the identity crisis between Banyamulenge and other Congolese tribes was conspicuous at the time as civil status offices continued to be torched to destroy the administrative documents necessary for any granting of nationality or land for Banyamulenge.

Between 1991 and 1993, these ethnic tensions resurfaced violently, particularly on the background of the problem of representation of Kivu at the National Sovereign Conference (Conférence Nationale Souveraine) organized in Kinshasa to establish a democratic regime in Zaire. They will lead to the formation of youth militias initiating attacks and murders in Kivu. The tensions will require the intervention of the Special Presidential Division (Division Présidentielle Spéciale), an elite military corps of Mobutu's regime, to restore some semblance of order.

In 1998, at the onset of the Second Congo War, a profound sense of solidarity reverberated between the Banyamulenge community and Rwandan refugees, scattered throughout the vast expanse of the Kivu region. These two groups found themselves united by a shared enemy: Juvénal Habyarimana in Rwanda and, to some extent, Mobutu in Zaire. Their common struggle centered around discriminatory nationality and land laws. Initially, the Banyamulenge fighters aligned themselves with the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and later forged alliances with the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL) and the Rally for Congolese Democracy (Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie). Following Mobutu's ousting from power, the Rally for Congolese Democracy, a rebel faction backed by the Rwandan government and led by Azarias Ruberwa at the time, established Minembwe as an independent region in 1999, alongside Bunyakiri in Kalehe Territory.

Tensions
The recognition of these two territorial entities became a source of ethnic tension between the various components of the Transitional Government at the beginning of 2006. The Banyamulenge, having supported the AFDL and RCD forces during the Second Congo War, were accused of launching attacks on refugee camps and densely populated villages, perpetrating civilian executions, and carrying out acts of terrorism against Zairian civilians in different regions of South and North Kivu, including Bwegera, Luberizi, Luvungi, Katala, Rubenga, Lubarika, Kakumbukumbu, Mutarule, Kagunga, Kiliba, Ndunda, Biriba, Sange, Rwenena, Kahororo, Kamanyola, Lemera, Kidote, Makobola, Kasika, Kilungutwe, Kilungutwe River and Katogota. Consequently, many Congolese perceived the Banyamulenge as invaders encroaching upon their habitats. Conversely, those on the Banyamulenge side argue that they were not given adequate space within the Fizi Territory and are therefore fighting for self-defense. This conflict has led to a displacement of approximately 140,000 individuals who were forced to leave their homes due to fighting between armed groups in Minembwe in May 2019, according to humanitarian organizations.

Declaration of Minembwe as a commune

In September 2020, Minembwe was declared a rural commune in the Lulenge sector in the Fizi Territory, despite objections from other ethnic groups in the region who claimed that the proper legal and administrative procedures had not been followed. The installation of Minembwe as a rural commune, and the appointment of Gad Mukiza, a Tutsi, as its mayor on September 28, 2020, has generated a great deal of controversy and opposition from other Congolese tribes who assert their ownership of the land. The controversy surrounding Minembwe has been fueled by the history of conflict between Banyamulenge and other ethnic groups in the region. Many Congolese see the declaration of Minembwe as a rural commune as a way for Banyamulenge to gain greater control over the region and consolidate their power. Some critics argue that the move was made in response to pressure from neighboring countries, particularly Rwanda, which has long been accused of supporting the Banyamulenge.

On October 8, 2020, the process of creating Minembwe as a rural commune was canceled following a declaration by the President of the Republic, Félix Tshisekedi. His decision came after widespread protests and violence erupted in the region due to the declaration. The decision was made to ease tensions in the area and prevent further violence. However, Tshisekedi's government cited irregularities in how the declaration was made and concerns over the legality of the move. There were also allegations that the declaration was made to benefit a particular ethnic group, the Banyamulenge, who are seen as outsiders by other ethnic groups in the area. Nevertheless, the cancelation was welcomed by many groups, including opposition parties and civil society organizations.

Félix Tshisekedi stated:"For me, the salvation of the people is the supreme law. I cannot leave my people in danger. I have decided to cancel what has been done so far for Minembwe".The cancellation of the commune was met with mixed reactions from the Banyamulenge community, who saw it as a violation of their rights and a reversal of the gains they had made in their struggle for recognition and self-determination. Some Banyamulenge leaders and activists accused the government of caving in to pressure from other ethnic groups and abandoning its promises to protect their interests and promote their development.

The situation in Minembwe has remained tense, with reports of violence and displacement continuing to emerge. In October 2020, the United Nations reported that at least 15 people had been killed and dozens more injured in clashes between Banyamulenge and other groups in the area. The UN also estimated that over 50,000 people had been displaced by the violence. The situation in Minembwe remains a contentious issue in the DRC.

Overview
On July 20, 2021, Twiganeho militiamen and its allies attacked the Musika village, located in the southern Basimunyaka Groupement, Lulenge sector. According to several testimonies, fifteen homes of civilians were scorched, forcing civilian members of the local community to move to Runundu and Ilundu villages. Other members of the local communities were also affected and moved toward the villages of Lumanya and Kwamulima. Two elderly men were burned in the house, the children were separated from their parents and a hundred cows were abducted, according to witnesses in the area.

In May 2022, clashes between Ngumino and Mai-Mai Biloze Bishambuke and their allies killed nearly five people in Irumba and Ngandura, villages situated 15 kilometers from Minembwe.

In July 2022, 4 civilians were killed in Minembwe by Twiganeho, an insurgent group led by an army deserter Colonel Michel Rukunda, after refusing to join the forced recruitment.

In August 2022, dozens of civilians and police officers were taken hostage by Twiganeho in the highlands of Minembwe, South Kivu.

On January 4, 2023, the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) in charge of operations, General-Major Chico Tshitambwe, called on the population of Minembwe to dissociate themselves from armed groups. Chico Tshitambwe also invited the militias to lay down their arms and join the PDDRC-S program.

Development opportunities
Being an area built on hills and without subsurface wealth, Minembwe does not present strong development possibilities except for its location as a riparian region which gives it agriculture and fishing development. Lake Tanganyika, situated in the eastern part of the region, offers tremendous fishing potential for Minembwe. Despite strong agricultural and fisheries development, Minembwe has suffered from a lack of improvements in health, access to clean water, lack of roads, and basic civic services.

References

Populated places in South Kivu


Matt Williams (born in Weatherford, Texas) is a former walk-on place kicker for the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team. Williams was offered the position, two other players having failed to succeed for the team at that point, after winning a year's worth of free rent in a place-kicking contest at one of the Red Raiders games.

Early years
Williams attended Weatherford High School in Weatherford, Texas, where he played soccer and football. In football, he played both wide receiver and kicker. His signature moment as a kicker occurred when he kicked a 49-yard field goal through the uprights to defeat rival Mineral Wells High School in overtime. He graduated from Weatherford in 2006.

College career

Tarleton State
Williams walked on to the Tarleton State Texans football team, though was only on the team for a month and never played a game.

Texas Tech
After two years at Tarleton State, Williams transferred to Texas Tech. During halftime of Tech's September 20, 2008, football game against the University of Massachusetts, Williams entered a promotional contest in which he made a 30-yard field goal. He caught the attention of head coach Mike Leach, who liked the fundamentals he used on the kick. Leach wanted him on the team, and although it was initially thought he would not be immediately eligible, the NCAA granted a one-time exception based on the specific circumstances. He was allowed to play immediately as he had not been recruited by Tarleton State and also because he was never a scholarship player. However, the season he played on Tarleton State's squad counted toward his eligibility, making him a sophomore during his first year at Tech. He also had to reject the free rent he won in the contest in order to remain eligible.

Williams made his debut in a 63–21 win over Kansas where he was a perfect 9 for 9 on PATs. Following the game, Williams was recognized as the AT&T ESPN All-America Player of the Week.

The following week, in Texas Tech's 39–33 victory over Texas, Williams was also asked to kick field goals, making two and having one blocked.

In 2009, Williams made a career long 43-yard Field Goal against Baylor University in a 20-13 victory.

Williams finished his career 149-150 on extra points and 22-28 (78.6%) on field goals. He is currently tied for sixth on the Red Raiders kickers scoring list with 215 career points. He graduated in 2010.

Post-football career

Williams works as a teacher and football coach at a Mineral Wells High School - the one he notably defeated while he was in school.

References

External links
 Texas Tech profile

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American football placekickers
Texas Tech Red Raiders football players
People from Weatherford, Texas
Players of American football from Texas


William Henry Lang FRS FRSE FLS (12 May 1874–29 August 1960) was a British botanist and served as Barker professor of cryptogamic botany at the University of Manchester. He was also a specialist in paleobotany.

Life
The son of Thomas Bilsland Lang, a medical practitioner, and his wife Emily Smith, he was born in Groombridge in Sussex on 12 May 1874.

Lang was educated at Dennistoun Public School in Glasgow before being accepted into the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with a Bsc (Hons) in botany and zoology in 1894. He qualified for medicine in 1895 but never became a practising doctor; thanks to his own enthusiasm and the encouragement of his teacher Frederick Orpen Bower he instead became a professional botanist. His first research was on the structure of ferns, something Bower was apparently an authority on, and Lang soon followed him in that regard. He moved to study at the Jodrell Laboratory on a Robert Donaldson scholarship in 1895, where he focused on the apomixis of ferns, and discovered a sporangium on the prothallus of a fern at a time when biologists were exploring alternate means of reproduction in plants.

In 1899 he travelled to Sri Lanka and Malaya to study tropical cryptogams and collect samples, returning to Britain in 1902, when he became a lecturer at the University of Glasgow; while there he worked closely with D. T. Gwynne-Vaughan and Bower, with the three of them being known as the "triumvirate". After Gwynne-Vaughan's death in 1915 he studied preserved plant remnants in Aberdeen, making great insights into the nature of Psilophyton, which until then had been neglected. In 1900 he was awarded a Doctor of Science degree by the University of Glasgow, and when the Barker chair of cryptogamic botany was created at the University of Manchester Lang was the first choice. He took up his duties in 1909.

In 1911 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded a Royal Medal in 1931 for 'his work on the anatomy and morphology of the fern-like fossils of the Old Red Sandstone.' In 1926 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Frederick Orpen Bower, Sir John Graham Kerr, Diarmid Noel Paton and George Alexander Gibson. He won the Society's Neill Prize for the period 1915-1917.

In 1932 he received an honorary doctorate (LLD) from the University of Glasgow, followed by a second honorary doctorate from Manchester University in 1942. He was also a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Lang was noted for his encouragement of women's education and influenced the botanists Irene Manton, Marjorie Lindsey, and Grace Wigglesworth.

After his retirement he moved to Westmorland. His wife died in 1959 following a period of ill-health, and he followed barely a year later  at his home in Milnthorpe on 29 August 1960.

Family

He married his cousin, Elsa Valentine, in 1910. They had no children.

Publications

A Textbook of Botany (1912)
Makers of British Botany: William Griffith (1810-1845) (1913)
Palaeobotany (1926) co-written with Robert Kidston

Botanical References

References

External links

1874 births
1960 deaths
British botanists
Paleobotanists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Royal Medal winners
People from Groombridge
People from Withyham
People from Westmorland
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Academics of the University of Manchester
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Glasgow


, known in Japan as Theresia: Dear Emile, is a psychological horror visual novel adventure game developed by WorkJam and published by Aksys Games, released exclusively for the Nintendo DS. It is one of the few DS games to receive an ESRB rating of M for "Mature" and a CERO rating of C from "ages 15 and older". The game was released on September 11, 2008 in Japan and on October 30, 2008, in North America. Arc System Works acquired the rights to the series in 2017.

The game is a part of the mobile phone game series of the same name, and contains a remake of the original game, retitled Dear Martel.

Premise
Theresia is a psychological horror visual novel adventure game from a first-person perspective, consisting of two stories, each sharing a common background: an unnamed country, presumably under strict martial law by the time the game takes place, is engaged in a fierce and bloody war with an unspecified opposing nation. No further details are provided: the player is then thrust directly into the role of Leanne, the protagonist of the first half of the story. Upon completion of the main game, a shorter second chapter is unlocked, consisting of a remake of the series' original phone game. Featuring an unnamed protagonist, it provides a deeper insight into the overarching background narrative.

Throughout the course of the game, both characters have to explore their confinements, trying to escape and learn the details of their past, avoiding traps and coming face-to-face with personal demons and other psychological dilemmas along the way. The game makes use of the Nintendo DS touchscreen capabilities.

Gameplay
Gameplay is divided into two modes: a movement mode, where the player navigates the facility and searching for different rooms, and an observational mode, in which the player investigates certain areas and solves puzzles. During the latter mode, the player may activate traps that harm the player and reduce their life bar. Only careful observation or usage of a found 2x4 can reveal them to the character to prevent harm. The player can regain lost health via the use of found elixirs.

Plot

Dear Emile
Leanne, a teenage girl wakes up in a small, dim room with no memories. The only clue is the word Theresia scribbled upon a piece of paper. The first areas of the game instruct the player on the controls, set the atmosphere and introduce the survival aspect. The building is not only the sub-basement of a larger complex, but also riddled with hidden traps. Most doors are locked, barricaded, or blocked by environmental hazards. Leanne discovers she is in an underground prison facility, which stretches over several underground stories and includes waterworks, storage and torture rooms, and unknown crypts.

In the upper levels, more of the setting and Leanne's background are revealed: the country is losing the war, and the prison is part of a military installation which includes a testing laboratory, run by a woman named Maylee, who Leanne has seen in flashbacks. She also has flashbacks of a young man named Sacha and a silver-haired woman drenched in blood.

Evidence reveals that the testing was of an enemy's bioweapon, known to cause uncontrollable bleeding, high fever, madness, amnesia, and ultimately death as the body swells and turns purple. After the death of an infected, it becomes an airborne virus named Epicari. To stop Epicari from spreading, the bodies would be burned. Leanne heads toward the surface, until reaching the commander's office.

Along the way, journal entries and notes cause Leanne to have flashbacks and recover pieces of her memory. She remembers she was the sole survivor of a village destroyed in the war. Growing up at the church, she longed to talk to a young boy named Sacha, but her foster mother, Emile, made her promise never to talk to anyone but her. Sacha and Leanne exchanged letters in secret. When Emile discovered Sacha embracing Leanne, she ran at him with a knife, killing another church member who got in the way. Emile was restrained and taken to the underground part of the facility and was no longer allowed to visit Leanne.

Epicari had begun to surface, killing many people. Maylee and a group of scientists created a cure from Emile's blood, called "Theresia" after her last name. The virus continued to spread and the military moved everyone underground to their base. Sacha tried to convince Leanne to run away with him, as the two had fallen in love, but Leanne couldn't forget Emile. She asked Maylee to take her to see her mother. Emile chained Leanne and locked her in a prison cell but Leanne was happy to be with her mother again.

Eventually, the military ordered mass executions to finally stop the virus. Sacha came to release a reluctant Leanne, but was discovered by Emile. He pointed a gun at her, but she calmed him down by singing him a lullaby she often sang to an infant Leanne. She took his gun and killed him. She tried to escape with Leanne, assisted by Maylee, who had come to care for them. Emile murdered many of her own comrades to protect her daughter. Remembering this, Leanne realizes her mother really did love her.

Leanne eventually becomes infected with Epicari. Maylee gave her the vaccine, Theresia, made from her mother's blood, which gave her amnesia. Emile was the one who left her journal entries. She also set up the traps, attempting to keep Leanne safe from others, and to keep her from escaping. In the commander's office, Leanne finds her mother's body and mourns. She takes the final key needed for her escape, which her mother had seemingly been protecting. Casting aside her possessions, along with the pendant her mother had given her, Leanne escapes the facility.

Outside, she finds an abandoned infant which she resolves to take. After the credits, the camera zooms in on Leanne kneeling outside with the baby, Emile standing behind her. There is a strange noise, and the camera falls over.

Dear Martel
Martel was the name of his sister, who had a different father than him. After the death of their mother soon after she was born, he sent her to an orphanage ran by their grandfather. He was adopted and continued his studies. Years later, he returns to the orphanage to be a doctor and to do research. He is reunited with Martel, who has grown into a kind, beautiful young woman. The two seem to get along well. He also becomes friends with two other doctors there Franz and Maylee. The doctor becomes very happy with his new family.

The doctors unknowingly create the Epicari virus and infect the children. As the virus spreads, they request help from the government. Soldiers come, but only to forcibly take samples from the children. The orphanage is then quarantined. As more and more children die, the doctor, Franz, and Maylee struggle to find a cure. Martel buries the dead children without fear of being infected herself, and the fact that she doesn't eventually leads to the creation of the vaccine Theresia from her blood.

By this time, Franz was unknowingly infected with Epicari. He had suddenly started hiding his face, claiming he hated how he looked. One of the symptoms of the virus was the exacerbation of personal issues, but because they falsely believed the virus only affected children, they didn't realize this until it was too late. Eventually he went mad and attacked people with an axe. When his mask fell off, he killed himself by ramming his face into the axe embedded in the wall.

Though they finally managed to create the vaccine, the place was stormed by soldiers. The staff tried to tell them that they now had a cure, the soldiers were relentless and used flamethrowers to massacre all the children and many of the staff. The doctor managed to hide with Martel, but was separated from Maylee. She ultimately survived, going on to try and create more of the vaccine as shown in Dear Emile's story.

When everything was over, the doctor and Martel left their hiding places. A disheveled and slightly-bloody Martel stepped on and killed an insect without realizing it. The doctor, who was unknowingly suffering from Epicari himself, snaps from this sight and strangles her. He buries her amongst the red flowers she had grown outside the orphanage. Knowing he will soon forget, the doctor leaves the notes and journal entries to remind him what he has done. He also sets up the traps and writes the messages on the wall, as a way to punish himself for what he has done.

After getting the vaccine and remembering everything, the doctor desperately tries to dig up Martel's body but cannot find it. He is happened upon by Maylee, who talks with him.

Legacy
A sequel to the original game, entitled Theresia II: Dear Lizst, was released in Japan for mobile phones. It became inaccessible in 2012.

Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one eight, two sevens, and one six, for a total of 28 out of 40.

See also
Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors

References

External links
 Official website
 Official website

2008 video games
Adventure games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Psychological horror games
Video games developed in Japan
Visual novels
Video games featuring female protagonists
Single-player video games
Arc System Works games
WorkJam games


Dudhauli is a municipality of the Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal.

Organization
It was a village development committee but later changed to a Municipality. It merged Dudhauli VDC, Ladavir VDC, and Tandi VDC and later Sirthouli, Hatpate, Harsai, Nipane, Arunthakur, Kakurthakur and Jinakhu VDCs.

Dudhauli Bazar, Sankhatar, Dadatol, Khiriyani, Kartha, Bataha, Arunthakur, Kakurthakur, Hatpate, Nipane, Harsai, Dakaha, Sirthauli, Maini, Tandi etc. are the main villages of Dudhauli.

Infrastructure
 Central police training center Kogati
 Maini Mela
 Major parts of Alternative Highway
 Dudhauli Bazar
 Ladavir school
 Kamala multiple campus
 Kamala H.S. School, Maini

Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 65,302 living in more than 4,000 households. It has in total 14 wards.

46.1% of the population spoke Nepali, 20.1% Danwar, 13.5% Tamang, 9.2% Magar, 4.9% Maithili, 2.6% Sunwar, 1.1% Newar, 1.0% Majhi, 0.8% Rai, 0.1% Gurung, 0.1% Thangmi, 0.1% Tharu and 0.1% other languages as their first language.

In terms of ethnicity/caste, 20.4% were Danuwar, 17.8% Chhetri, 14.2% Tamang, 10.5% Magar, 9.3% Hill Brahmin, 5.4% Sunuwar, 4.6% Kami, 2.8% Damai/Dholi, 2.8% Musahar, 2.4% Majhi, 2.3% Newar, 1.4% Sarki, 1.0% Rai, 0.9% Sudhi, 0.7% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.7% Thakuri, 0.4% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.3% Gurung, 0.3% Teli, 0.3% Thami, 0.2% Kalwar, 0.1% Terai Brahmin, 0.1% Dhanuk, 0.1% Dom, 0.1% Hajjam/Thakur, 0.1% Halwai, 0.1% Kayastha, 0.1% Musalman, 0.1% other Terai, 0.1% Tharu, 0.1% Yadav and 0.2% others.

In terms of religion, 76.1% were Hindu, 16.4% Buddhist, 5.9% Prakriti, 0.6% Christian, 0.2% Kirati, 0.1% Muslim and 0.8% others.

In terms of literacy, 58.3% could read and write, 3.3% could only read and 38.2% could neither read nor write.

Economy
It has substantial resources such as productive soil, calcium (a raw material for cement), water and forests. After the formation of the municipality, the development of physical infrastructure and social development activities is increasing.

Problems Here
- Higher level of illiteracy, it means Lack of proper and quality of education to people. No Good higher education, no technical education facilities, Highest level of school dropouts by the lower level families' children due to their family problems and illiteracy.
- No good Roads are here, access and connectivity to big cities are much poorer. Due to many rivers here much Bridges are needed.
- No Hospital with Health facilities, too poor status.
- Poor condition of farmers, Lack of irrigation to lands, No cashcrops production.
- Unemployment
- No factories, Businesses, and Entrepreneurship development .
- Low development of infrastructures.
- lower level of economic and social development of People inside here .

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Sindhuli District full Information

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Anne Anastasi (December 19, 1908 – May 4, 2001) was an American psychologist best known for her pioneering development of psychometrics. Her generative work, Psychological Testing, remains a classic text in which she drew attention to the individual being tested and therefore to the responsibilities of the testers. She called for them to go beyond test scores, to search the assessed individual's history to help them to better understand their own results and themselves.

Known as the test guru, Anastasi focused on what she believed to be the appropriate use of psychometric tests. As stated in an obituary, "She made major conceptual contributions to the understanding of the manner in which psychological development is influenced by environmental and experiential factors. Her writings have provided incisive commentary on test construction and the proper application of psychological tests." According to Anastasi, such tests only revealed what the test-taker knows at the time; they did not explain test scores. In addition, any psychometric measurement must take into account that aptitude is context-dependent. Anastasi stressed the importance of the role of the tester to correctly select, conduct, and evaluate tests.

She was president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1972, the third ever woman to be elected. In 1984, she was given the American Psychological Foundation's gold medal. In 1987, she was awarded the National Medal of Science.

Family and education
Anne Anastasi was born on December 19, 1908, in New York City to Anthony Anastasi and Theresa Gaudiosi Anastasi.  Her father died when she was a baby, and his family did not remain in contact. She grew up with her mother, her mother's brother, and her grandmother. Theresa supported the family, eventually working for the Italian newspaper Il Progresso. Anne was homeschooled by her grandmother until sixth grade. After brief periods in public and preparatory schools, she entered Barnard College at age 15. Her interests in mathematics and psychology. She graduated from Barnard College with a bachelor's degree at age 20 in 1928, and completed a PhD at Columbia University in 1930.

Anastasi was hired by Harry Hollingworth to teach at Barnard, where she remained from 1930 to 1939. She worked at Queens College, City University of New York from 1939 to 1947, becoming chair of the department. She worked at Fordham University from 1947 to 1979, serving as chair from 1968 to 1974. She retired as a full professor in 1979, and became a professor emeritus.

In 1933, Anastasi married John Porter Foley, Jr. (1910-1994), an industrial psychologist. The following year, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. She was treated with radium, which destroyed the cancer but caused her to become infertile. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, she and her husband could only find work in different cities, she in New York and he in Washington, DC

Anastasi died in New York on May 4, 2001.

Differential psychology
In 1937, Anastasi published the first edition of Differential Psychology, a nearly 900-page pioneering work on what she defined as "the scientific study of differences between groups"
Her definition encompassed not only race and ethnicity, but also group differences reflective of age, education, family, gender, religion, and social class. Her approach to the study of culture and difference has been described as an "elegant model" that incorporates a number of current fields of study with "brilliant simplicity".

Anastasi also addressed the methodological challenges involved in studying group differences. These were clearly demonstrated in the 1930s by Nazi "race science". Anastasi's summary of such work was blistering: "The array of evidence in support of this [Aryan supremacy] is incomplete and one-sided at its best, and fantastic and mythical at its worst."
Between the methodological difficulties involved and the horrors perpetrated by the Nazis, differential psychology largely disappeared as a field of research. By 1954, Anastasi herself had moved from the study of group differences to that of individual differences.

Anastasi published three editions of Differential Psychology (in 1937, 1949 and 1958). In 1985 the American Psychological Foundation described it as a "classic" text and a model of "clarity, comprehensiveness, and synthesis".

Psychological testing

Problems addressed
Anastasi's 1983 essay "What Do Intelligence Tests Measure?" aimed to correct misinterpretations regarding the understanding and use of aptitude and personality tests. Anastasi pointed out that the "testing boom" of the 1920s caused the term IQ to be adopted and misused by the general public. According to Anastasi, the misappropriation of the term created connotations that intelligence is heritable, stable throughout one's lifespan, and resistant to change.

In contrast, Anastasi emphasized that psychometric scores convey an individual's present status of what he or she knows. She cautioned against interpreting such tests as serving a strong predictive function, as scores only indicated to what degree a person acquired the knowledge and skills for the criterion of a given test. They evaluate for what is in high demand within a specific context; what an individual can achieve in the future depends not only on his or her present intellectual status as determined by the test, but also on subsequent experiences. Therefore, Anastasi advocated against psychometric tests definitively labelling a person, as they assess for specific types of knowledge and do not account for how intelligence can change over time.

Important to Anastasi was an understanding of the cultural frames of reference within which a test is developed. She stated that "No intelligence test can be culture free, because human intelligence is not culture free". Therefore, according to Anastasi, the first step in developing an intelligence test within a given culture was formulating a task analysis in order to determine how well individuals gain knowledge valued within that culture.

Methods
Anastasi mostly applied existing methods to individual and group ability testing, as well as self-report inventories and measuring interests and attitudes. She followed the methodological principles of norms, reliability, validity, and item analysis. The essay "Psychological Testing: Basic Concepts and Common Misconceptions," encapsulates Anastasi's methodological positions. Anastasi stressed that, in order to evaluate any psychometric test, the tester must be knowledgeable of the main features of the tests, particularly as they apply to norms, validity, and reliability. Her approach to standard scores and standard deviation was one in which she believed that understanding statistical concepts was essential to understanding the meaning of statistical computation.

In regards to criterion-referenced tests, Anastasi diverged from educational psychologist Robert Glaser, who first introduced the concept in 1963. Instead of approaching such tests as fundamentally different from norm-referenced tests, Anastasi maintained that the two could be combined to give a more comprehensive evaluation of the individual's test performance. An example is the Stanford Diagnostic Test in reading and mathematics, which assesses specific subject mastery by combining both interpretations.

Anastasi recognized that there are many types of test reliability. However, when dealing with standardized testing, much of the variance in reliability can be minimized by controlling such conditions as the testing environment, rapport, instructions, and time limits.

In contrast with the belief that there are three kinds of validity - content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity - Anastasi espoused to the then-growing belief of the mid-1980s that many more procedures could be used to build validity into a test. Defining the constructs to be assessed initiates the validation process. It culminates with "validating and cross-validating various scores through statistical analyses against external, real-life criteria".

Difference between aptitude and achievement test
In Psychological Testing: Basic Concepts and Common Misconceptions, Anastasi clarified differences between types of tests. Two differences between aptitude tests and achievement tests are test use and the degree of experiential specificity forming the foundation of the tests' construction. Achievement tests are used to assess current status; aptitude tests can predict future performance as defined by their specific criteria. Experiential specificity is narrowly defined for achievement tests, such as SAT Subject Tests. In contrast, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales aptitude tests are based on broad knowledge of American culture beginning in the twentieth century.

Theoretical stance
Anastasi's theoretical framework that ability or intelligence change with experience and that their cultural context dictates their parameters informed her methodological approach to psychometric testing. Tests should be selected and used while bearing in mind their contextual appropriateness and limitations. She emphasized that tests serve specific functions in Western society, such as school/occupational placement or to assess for mental disabilities.

Criticism
The 1955 first edition of Psychological Testing was criticized for attributing test results only to individual differences, instead of recognizing that "'occasional differences' are also measured by means of tests". In the latest edition of the book, Anastasi and her co-author Susana Urbina suggested that more accurate results can be obtained by combining information from several fairly homogeneous tests. Each one would cover a single trait, or different aspect of the criterion.

Legacy
APA Division 5: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods awards the Anne Anastasi Dissertation Award.

References

External links
 Human Intelligence: Anne Anastatsi
 Anne Anastatsi at Psychology's Feminist Voices
 Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society: Anne Anastatsi
 Finding Aid for the Anne Anastasi Papers, Cummings Center for the History of Psychology

1908 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American women scientists
American women psychologists
20th-century American psychologists
Intelligence researchers
National Medal of Science laureates
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
Fordham University faculty
Barnard College faculty
Queens College, City University of New York faculty
Barnard College alumni
Columbia University alumni
American women academics
Quantitative psychologists


Hariharpur Gadhi  is a Gaunpalika and former village development committee in Sindhuli District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,113 people living in 437 individual households.

Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Hariharpurgadhi Rural Municipality had a population of 27,727. Of these, 66.6% spoke Tamang, 13.5% Nepali, 9.0% Danwar, 3.8% Magar, 2.9% Rai, 2.7% Majhi, 0.6% Newar, 0.3% Pahari, 0.2% Sign language, 0.1% Bhojpuri, 0.1% Maithili and 0.1% other languages as their first language.

In terms of ethnicity/caste, 67.0% were Tamang, 9.1% Danuwar, 6.5% Magar, 3.7% Kami, 3.2% Majhi, 3.0% Rai, 2.5% Pahari, 1.1% Chhetri, 1.0% Newar, 0.9% Hill Brahmin, 0.8% Damai/Dholi, 0.2% Ghale, 0.2% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.2% Sarki, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% other Dalit and 0.3% others.

In terms of religion, 68.8% were Buddhist, 23.6% Hindu, 5.4% Prakriti, 1.9% Christian and 0.4% others.

In terms of literacy, 50.6% could read and write, 3.6% could only read and 45.8% could neither read nor write.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District
Rural municipalities in Sindhuli District
Rural municipalities of Nepal established in 2017


Sherburn High School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Sherburn in Elmet in Selby, North Yorkshire, England. It has around 950 pupils aged 11 to 18 years. The current head teacher is Miriam Oakley.

The school was awarded specialist Science College status in the summer of 2005 and has been recognised by the National Healthy Schools Programme for the quality of physical education and school dinners.

The school does not have a gymnasium from July 2018 onwards due to a fire. The BBC reported that what they described as a "teenager girl" had been arrested in connection with the incident.

Previously a community school administered by North Yorkshire County Council, in October 2019 Sherburn High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by The STAR Multi Academy Trust.

References

Educational institutions with year of establishment missing
Secondary schools in North Yorkshire
Academies in North Yorkshire
Sherburn in Elmet


Francois van Rensburg (born Windhoek, 23 February 1974) is a Namibian former rugby union footballer. He played as a centre and as a fly-half. His profession was a farmer.

He had 15 caps for Namibia, from 1995 to 2001, scoring 2 tries, 10 points in aggregate. He played three games at the 1999 Rugby World Cup finals, where his country entered for the first time.

External links
Profile of Francois van Rensburg
Francois van Rensburg International Statistics

1974 births
Living people
Namibia international rugby union players
Namibian Afrikaner people
Namibian farmers
Namibian people of Dutch descent
Namibian rugby union players
Rugby union centres
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union players from Windhoek
White Namibian people
20th-century farmers
1999 Rugby World Cup players


Charles Francis Massy Swynnerton  CMG (3 December 1877 – 8 June 1938) was an English naturalist noted for his contributions to tsetse fly research.

Swynnerton was born in Folkestone, Kent on 3 December 1877. His father was a senior chaplain in the Indian Army, and his mother the daughter of Major W. H. Massy, of Grantstown Hall, Tipperary. Swynnerton spent his early years in India, returning to England to start his schooling at Lancing College in Sussex. In 1897 he was accepted at Oxford University, but emigrated to Africa instead.

In Natal he met the renowned entomologist and authority on Curculionidae, Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall (1871–1959), who owned some farms in Southern Rhodesia and persuaded Swynnerton to manage one of these in the Melsetter district. In 1900 he became manager of Gungunyana Farm close to the Chirinda Forest in the Chipinga District - this farm was also bought by Guy Marshall in 1902. Despite his lack of formal scientific education he began a career which would end with serious international recognition as an entomologist. For the following 19 years Swynnerton used the farm as a base and worked on comprehensive collections of plants, birds and insects, the plants being written up later in 1911 in J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 40:1-245 as Flora of Gazaland. The British Museum was a regular recipient of his plant and insect specimens which were lauded for displaying "a precision in localisation and notes on economic uses which made this collection a model one". He was elected a Fellow of the Linnaean Society in 1907. From the farm he made a number of collecting trips to the nearby Chimanimani Mountains. During this period Guy Marshall became chief editor of the Bulletin of Entomological Research and remained a close friend and mentor to Swynnerton.

He was primarily interested in the ecological interactions of the tsetse fly (Glossina). The Rhodesian government appointed him in 1918 to research the tsetse fly problem, later that year extending his brief to also cover Mozambique. In 1919 he was appointed as the first game warden of Tanganyika, again with a brief to investigate the tsetse situation, becoming the first director of Tanganyika's tsetse control department, and Director of Tsetse Research at Shinyanga ten years later. His career trajectory resembles that of Clement Gillman, also known for east African field work.

In 1937 he was awarded the Order of St Michael and St George. However, on 8 June 1938, on his way to receiving the award, he died in a de Havilland Leopard Moth plane crash near Mjari in Tanganyika. His obituary in Nature was penned by Sir Guy Marshall.

Patronymic taxa
Swynnerton is commemorated by the genus Swynnertonia (Swynnerton's robin) and in some 40 specific plant names, as well as bird and insect names. Also, a species of African worm lizard, Chirindia swynnertoni, the cichlid Astatotilapia swynnertoni, and Glossina swynnertoni are named in his honour.

External links
Photo of memorial plaque

Works
1911 Flora of Gazaland - Linnaean Society

Vernacular Names of East African Mammals - edited by C.F.M. Swynnerton, Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 84, p. 547-552

References

Botanists with author abbreviations
People educated at Lancing College
English naturalists
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
1877 births
1938 deaths
People from Lowestoft
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Africa
Accidental deaths in Tanzania
British emigrants to Southern Rhodesia
British people in colonial India


Harsahi  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,234 people living in 590 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Union North is a design studio with offices in Liverpool and Brighton, England.

Selected Projects

Midland Hotel (Morecambe)

The Midland Hotel is an example of Art Deco architecture in the UK. Union North acted as architects for the restoration and refurbishment of the hotel. The project was notable as being part of wider measures to regenerate Morecambe.

Three Towers Manchester

Union North refurbished 3 derelict towerblocks in Manchester. This project was noted by Architects' Journal as a viable commercial and sustainable alternative to demolition.

Greenland Street Gallery

The A Foundation commissioned Union North to design a new entrance and circulation area for a collection of industrial buildings that were to comprise the Greenland Street Gallery. This project was shortlisted by Architects' Journal for its Small Projects award.

Park Street

Union North beat competition from architects BDP, 3XN, Studio Egret West, Feilden Clegg Bradley to design a housing scheme in the Park Street/Grafton Street area of Dingle, South Liverpool.

MPV

MPV has gained interest from architectural publications all over the world. Union North were featured in the Korean architectural journal Archiworld.

Awards
Liverpool Society of Architects Awards 2008.

References

External links
Official Website
Flickr Photostream

Architecture firms of England
Companies based in Liverpool


Qendër Skrapar is a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The municipal unit surrounds the town Çorovodë. The population at the 2011 census was 2,545.

References

Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Populated places disestablished in 2015


In Conway's Game of Life (and related cellular automata), the speed of light is a propagation rate across the grid of exactly one step (either horizontally, vertically or diagonally) per generation.  In a single generation, a cell can only influence its nearest neighbours, and so the speed of light (by analogy with the speed of light in physics) is the maximum rate at which information can propagate.  It is therefore an upper bound to the speed at which any pattern can move.

Notation
As in physics, the speed of light is represented with the letter c.  This in turn is used as a reference for describing the average propagation speed of any given type of spaceship.  For example, a glider is said to have a speed of c/4, as it takes four generations for a given state to be translated by one cell.  Similarly, the "lightweight spaceship" is said to have a speed of c/2, as it takes four generations for a given state to be translated by two cells.

Lightspeed propagation
While c is an absolute upper bound to propagation speed, the maximum speed of a spaceship in Conway's Game of Life is c/2. This is because it is impossible to build a spaceship that can move every generation. (This is not true, though, for cellular automata in general; for instance, many light-speed spaceships exist in Seeds.) It is, however, possible for objects to travel at the speed of light if they move through a medium other than empty space.  Such media include trails of hives, and alternating stripes of live and dead cells.

Faster than light propagation
Certain patterns can appear to move at a speed greater than one cell per generation,  but like  faster than light phenomena in physics this is illusory.

An example is the "Star Gate", an arrangement of three converging gliders that will mutually annihilate on collision.  If a lightweight spaceship (LWSS) hits the colliding gliders, it will appear to move forwards by 11 cells in only 6 generations, and thus travel faster than light.  This illusion happens because the glider annihilation reaction proceeds by the creation and soon-after destruction of another LWSS.  When the incoming LWSS hits the colliding gliders, it is not transported, but instead modifies the reaction so that the newly created LWSS can survive.  The only signal being transmitted is that determining whether the outgoing LWSS should survive or not.  This does not need to reach its destination until after the LWSS has been "transported", and so no information needs to travel faster than light.

References

Cellular automata


Hatpate  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6,642 people living in 1,169 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District