Oleg Andreyevich Anofriyev (sometimes spelled Anofriev, ; 20 July 193028 March 2018), PAR, was a Soviet and Russian theatre and film actor, voice actor, singer, songwriter, film director, and poet. He was born in Gelendzhik, but spent all his life in Moscow and graduated from Moscow Art Theatre in 1954. He was widely popular in USSR (mostly due to the leading role in The Bremen Town Musicians animated film) and was honored with the title Honored Artist of the RSFSR and later, People’s Artist of the Russian Federation.

Biography
Oleg Andreyevich Anofriyev was born in Gelendzhik on 20 July 1930 in the family of a doctor, head of medical furniture at the GPP-1, Andrei Sergeyevich Anofriyev and housewife Maria Gavrilovna Anofriyeva and was their third son, he had two older brothers, Sergei and Vladimir. Although the family lived in Moscow, Oleg was born in Gelendzhik, because during the summer holiday season, Andrei received an appointment every year as chief physician in a sanatorium on the Black Sea coast (when Oleg was born, he was the chief physician of the sanatorium of the Moscow State University).

Death
He died on 28 March 2018 in Moscow from severe heart disease.

Selected filmography

Actor
 Behind Show Windows (За витриной универмага, 1955) as Slava Sidorkin
 A Girl with Guitar (Девушка с гитарой, 1958) as Vanya Savushkin
 A Simple Story (Простая история, 1960) as Agronomist
 Scarlet Sails (Алые паруса, 1961) as Letika the seaman
 Funny Stories (Весёлые истории, 1962) as Fedka
 Colleagues (Коллеги, 1962) as Vladka Karpov
Tale About the Lost Time (Сказка о потерянном времени, 1964) as old Petya
 Friends and Years (Друзья и годы, 1965) as Vadim Lyalin
 Passing Through Moscow (В Москве проездом…, 1970) as Alik
 Car, Violin and Blot the Dog (Автомобиль, скрипка и собака Клякса, 1974) as Accordion and electric guitar musician
 Incognito from St. Petersburg (Инкогнито из Петербурга, 1977) as Bobchinsky/Singing voice for Ivan Khlestakov
 The Turning Point (Поворот, 1978) as Vedeneyev's lawyer
 Be My Husband (Будьте моим мужем, 1981) as Spa visitor-veterinarian
 Along Unknown Paths (Там, на неведомых дорожках..., 1982) as Nightingale the Robber
 After the Rain, on Thursday (После дождичка в четверг, 1985) as King Avdey
 One Second for a Feat (Секунда на подвиг, 1985) as Gurenko
 Gardes-Marines, Ahead! (Гардемарины, вперёд!, 1987) as Nolken the Swedish ambassador
 A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines (Человек с бульвара Капуцинов, 1987) as Ballroom pianist
 The Criminal Quartet (Криминальный квартет, 1989) as Matvey Iosifovich Feldman
 Two Arrows. Stone Age Detective (Две стрелы. Детектив каменного века, 1989) as Drummer
 Back in the USSR (Назад в СССР, 1992) as Taxi driver
 Moscow Vacation (Московские каникулы, 1995) as Plane commander

Voice
1964: The Satin Street (Sitsevaya ulitsa)
1969: The Bremen Town Musicians
1973: A Tale of a Priest and His Workman Balda
1974: A №10 Tram was coming; How a Lion-cub and a Tortoise Sang a Song; The Land of Sannikov
1975: In the Port
1979: Very Blue Beard

References

External links

Oleg Anofriyev at animator.ru

1930 births
2018 deaths
20th-century Russian male actors
20th-century Russian male singers
People from Gelendzhik
Moscow Art Theatre School alumni
Honored Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of Russia
Russian film directors
Russian male composers
Russian male film actors
Russian male poets
Russian male singers
Russian male stage actors
Russian male voice actors
Soviet film directors
Soviet male composers
Soviet male film actors
Soviet male poets
Soviet male singers
Soviet male stage actors
Soviet male voice actors


is a Japanese anime television series conceptualized by Manglobe and produced by Media Factory, Fuji TV, Shochiku, Yomiko Advertising and Hakuhodo DY Media Partners. It is directed by Sayo Yamamoto, with Takashi Ujita writing the scripts, Hiroshi Shimizu designing the characters and Seiki Tamura serving as art director. The music was composed by the Brazilian musician Alexandre Kassin and produced by Shinichirō Watanabe. The two eponymous starring roles are portrayed by film actresses Yōko Maki (The Grudge) and Suzuka Ohgo (Memoirs of a Geisha). It was broadcast for 22 episodes on Fuji TV's (Noise) programming block from October 2008 to March 2009. The anime is licensed by Crunchyroll in North America and Australia.

The story takes place in the fictional country of Diamandra, which has cultural traces from South American countries, mostly from Brazil. In the first episode, Michiko is introduced as a free-willed "sexy diva" who escapes from a supposedly inescapable prison fortress, while Hatchin is a girl fleeing her abusive foster family. The two join forces on an improbable escape to freedom.

Plot
In a fictional South American country, the criminal Michiko Malandro escapes from prison of Diamandra and kidnaps her former lover's daughter Hana Morenos, whom she nicknames "Hatchin", saving her from her abusive foster parents in the process. The two are about as opposite as they come, but their fates become intertwined through the connection of Hiroshi Morenos, Hatchin's father. On the run from the police and Hatchin's abusive foster family, the unlikely duo set out to find Hiroshi and ultimately discover their freedom.

Characters

 An independent Pardo woman who has just recently escaped one of the most heavily guarded prisons in existence for at least the fourth time. Michiko rescues Hatchin from her abusive foster parents and claims to know her father, who, according to her, was a good man and "made her fall in love with him right away". Both she and Hatchin embark on a journey to find him while running from the law as well. They become a bickering pair, but soon come to realize how much they truly need each other.

 A young South American girl who previously lived with a foster family who later earns the nickname  (or ) from Michiko. She was the victim of abuse by both parents and their two biological children, until Michiko came to her rescue. She is hesitant to trust the woman, but they share the same tattoo on their stomachs. Unlike Michiko, Hatchin is much more levelheaded and serious, often functioning as the voice of reason of the two. Despite Michiko often putting her in danger due to her destructive habits and her sometimes irrational plans, Hatchin grows to care deeply for her.

 Hatchin's father and Michiko's love from the past. Despite being officially considered dead, Michiko believes that he is alive and rescues Hatchin in order to find clues about his whereabouts. He shares the same tattoo as both Michiko and Hatchin, except on his left shoulder.

 She lived in the same orphanage as Michiko and seems to have a score to settle with her. She is now a police officer and was responsible for Michiko's arrest twelve years before the main plot. Michiko likes to call her "Jambo" (a Portuguese word for both some syzygium fruit and to refer to a dark or brown-skinned person), in order to get her angry. She seems to have mixed feelings for Michiko and is sometimes seen helping her out of a bad situation.

 An old lifelong friend of Hiroshi's who assumed control of the crime syndicate "Monstro Preto" ("Black Monster") while Michiko was behind bars. He and Hiroshi have been friends since they were children, and Hiroshi once saved his life from the original leaders of Monstro once it was discovered that Satoshi plotted to take control of the gang. Throughout the series, he is shown to be harsh, brutal and vicious, rarely showing mercy to those that have interfered with his plans. He hates Michiko, feeling that she is part of the reason that Hiroshi left and "betrayed" his friendship; much like her, he too is determined to track down Hiroshi.

 One of Satoshi's henchmen with a vicious and sadistic temper. Prior to the events of the series, he and Satoshi were close friends. He attempts to take control of Monstro by having Satoshi killed, but his betrayal is discovered leading to conflict between the two for the remainder of the series.

 A famous stripper at a local strip club. During her childhood she grew up in a fabulously wealthy family, pampered and raised like a princess until her father died and her family went bankrupt. She and her sister Lulu live with Pepê's boyfriend Rico.

 Pepê's younger sister who wears matching outfits like Pepê. She was raised by her older sister in absolute poverty after they lost their father and left their family in debt.

 Pepê's boyfriend who supports her dancing career.

 Hatchin's adoptive older sister who enjoys abusing Hatchin.

 Hatchin's adoptive younger brother who enjoys abusing Hatchin.

 Hatchin's manipulative adoptive mother. Often talks with a very formal and elegant attitude.

 Hatchin's adoptive father and a Catholic extremist who works as a priest at a local church. He and Joanna use Hatchin for the foster care money the state pays and treat her like a slave. In episode 2, he attempts to end Hatchin's life to gain insurance money while in a high speed chase alongside police.

 A young girl around Hatchin's age who performs as an acrobatic in a traveling circus along with some other children who work for the circus; she was abandoned by her parents as a baby near the circus. When she first met Hatchin, she mistook her for a boy and attempted to kiss her; she has romantic feelings for her circus partner Gino Costa.

 Rita's circus partner/love interest and a motorcyclist. Even though he tells Hatchin that he is not in love with Rita, with the simple fact that he has a long-term girlfriend who is pregnant with his child, he does care about her deeply while reassuring her that someday Rita will meet a lot of nice men and find the right boyfriend to claim as her own.

 A nerdy-looking boy and a close friend of Rita. He is known to be a know-it-all and often get jealous when Rita starts having crushes on older men.

 The ringmaster of Circo De Chocolate (meaning "Chocolate Circus" in Portuguese), a local circus in Perna. He has a very short stature for his age and is mostly seen wearing clown makeup and clothes. He tends to be very short-tempered and strict when it comes to the children working at the circus (including Hatchin and Rita) and also implements hard labor onto them; Nuno is shown to be self-conscious about his height, as he had forced Gino (who is much taller than him) to sit down when getting scolded and does not want Gino to look down on him. He and Madame Michiko are later revealed to be child traffickers who planned on selling Hatchin, Rita and the rest of the orphans as slaves for child labor until Michiko catches up to them to rescue Hatchin and saving the children from an abusive fate, which eventually leads to their arrest and imprisonment.

 An overweight woman and Nuno's assistant who takes care of the orphaned children who live at the circus. She and Nuno are later revealed to be child traffickers who tricked Hatchin, Rita, and the other children into thinking that they were going to an amusement park when in reality they plan on selling  off the children into harsher slavery.

Release
The series was produced by Manglobe and directed by Sayo Yamamoto, her first directorial work. The character designs were provided by Hiroshi Shimizu, with Shigeto Koyama designing Michiko's bike and Mariko Yamagami and Shōgo Yamazaki in charge of character fashion design. It was broadcast for 22 episodes on Fuji TV's (Noise) programming block from 16 October 2008 to 19 March 2009. The opening theme is "Paraíso" ("Paradise") by Soil & "Pimp" Sessions and the ending theme is  by Karutetto; the ending theme for the final episode is "Nada pode me parar agora" ("Nothing Can Stop Me Now"), performed by Aurea Martins.

Vitello Productions and GONG produced an English dub pilot of the anime under the title Finding Paradiso, which was later used as the title for the French dub. The anime was later licensed by Funimation in North America, which produced its own English dub. The series aired on Funimation Channel in North America in November 2013, and on Adult Swim's Toonami programming block from June to December 2015. Following Sony's acquisition of Crunchyroll, the series was moved to Crunchyroll.

Episode list

Notes

References

External links
 Official site

2009 Japanese television series endings
Adventure anime and manga
Animated duos
Anime with original screenplays
Crunchyroll anime
Girls with guns anime and manga
Manglobe
Noise (TV programming block)
Television series set in fictional countries
Television shows set in South America
Toonami


Sebastián Fernández Méndez  (1700, San Cristóbal de La Laguna - after 1774) was a Spanish sculptor of the 18th century from Tenerife. He is considered one of the island's most noted sculptors.

References

1700 births
18th-century Spanish sculptors
18th-century Spanish male artists
Spanish male sculptors
People from San Cristóbal de La Laguna
18th-century deaths
Artists from the Canary Islands


Lázaro González de Ocampo   was a Spanish sculptor of the 18th century from Tenerife. He is considered one of the island's most noted sculptors.

References

Spanish sculptors
Spanish male sculptors
People from Tenerife
18th-century Spanish people


José Rodríguez de la Oliva  was a Spanish sculptor of the 18th-century from San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife. He was one of the most important sculptors of the Canary Islands. He was known as "El Moño" (The Top Knot).

Biography
He was born on 15 December 1695 in the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife).

Among his sculptures highlights the image of Our Lady of Remedios, in the Parish of San Marcos in Tegueste. In terms of silverware includes the design of the Custody of the Church of Santo Domingo in La Laguna.

Also really stand out as effigies representing the Virgin of Candelaria (patron saint of the Canary Islands) and the Virgin of the Pine. In the Royal Convent of Our Lady of Candelaria site in the town of Candelaria in Tenerife (next to the Basilica of Candelaria), include images representing St. Dominic, St. Catherine of Siena and St. Peter of Verona taken by him. José Rodríguez de la Oliva also made a portrait "Post mortem" of The Servant of God, Sor Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado. It is also known that he made a portrait in life of the corsair Amaro Pargo, although this work is missing today.

José Rodríguez de la Oliva died on 27 November 1777 in his hometown of San Cristóbal de La Laguna. He was buried in the former Parish of Our Lady of Remedios, now Cathedral of San Cristóbal de La Laguna.

It is considered one of the three great artists of sacred art of Tenerife with Fernando Estévez and Cristóbal Hernández de Quintana. In addition, José Rodríguez de la Oliva was one of the most lavish painters and sculptors in the history of the Canary Islands.

Other data
In addition to his artistic side, José Rodríguez de la Oliva was an important military. On 6 June 1743 he was declared by royal decree Lieutenant in the Regiment of Outsiders and on 4 December 1747 reached the rank of Captain by royal patent.

References

Spanish sculptors
Spanish male sculptors
People from San Cristóbal de La Laguna
18th-century Spanish people
Artists from the Canary Islands


Fernando Estévez   was a Spanish sculptor of the 18th century from La Orotava, Tenerife. He is considered one of the Canary Islands most noted sculptors.

It is known for being the creator of the image of the Virgin of Candelaria, patron saint of the Canary Islands.

Biography
Fernando Estévez was born in 1788 in La Orotava, northern town of the island of Tenerife, where his father had its own silver workshop at your home address. From his earliest years, Fernando showed innate talent for plastic art, using knowledge of silverware but above all in the design.

Apart from the artistic home, Fernando had a great vocation to evoke in the urban landscape artist. The first artistic training was received by Fernando Estévez in the Franciscan monastery of San Lorenzo, in La Orotava. There he met the painter, sculptor and architect Jose Luján Pérez, so he worked in his studio in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria until 1808 in which Fernando Estévez opened his own workshop in La Orotava. In 1846 he opened a workshop in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Thereafter, he also taught at the Provincial Academy of Fine Arts.

Works

His sculptures represent exclusively religious themes. Among his most important works in Tenerife include the sculpture of the Christ crucified found in the Chapter house of the Cathedral of La Laguna. Also, the image representing the arrest of Jesus in the Garden of Olives in Church of Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (San Cristóbal de La Laguna) and the Immaculate Conception which is in the same church. His most famous work is undoubtedly the Virgin of Candelaria (patron saint of the Canary Islands) created in 1827 to replace the original image that disappeared in 1826 after a storm.

In other islands they include other works by him: In Santa Cruz de La Palma the Christ of Forgiveness and the Virgin of Carmen that they are in the Church of the Savior. In Lanzarote, he highlights the image of the Virgin of Candelaria is the Church of San Roque in Tinajo. On the island of Gran Canaria include images of the Virgin of the Rosary (Church of Santo Domingo, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) and St. John the Baptist at the St. John the Baptist Basilica in Telde.

Honours
Fernando Estévez is considered Hijo Ilustre of La Orotava.
The main art school in the Canary Islands named after him: Escuela de Arte y Superior de Diseño Fernando Estévez is located in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

References

External links

Spanish sculptors
Spanish male sculptors
People from Tenerife
18th-century Spanish artists
Catholic sculptors
Artists from the Canary Islands


al-Ma'ali is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

 al-Malik al-Kamel Naser al-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammed (1180–1238), Ayyubid sultan
 Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali (11th century), Ziyarid ruler


Lifestyle journalism is the field of journalism that provides news and opinion, often in an entertaining tone, regarding goods and services used by consumers in their everyday life. Lifestyle journalism covers travel, fashion, fitness, leisure, food, and arts, among other topics.

See also
 List of women's magazines
 List of men's magazines

References

Further reading

Journalism by field
Types of journalism


York and Cumberland Railroad may refer to:
York and Cumberland Railroad (Maine), 1846-1865, predecessor of the Rochester to Portland branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad, reorganized as the Portland and Rochester Railroad in 1867 completed to Rochester in 1871, with a connection to Canada via the Grand Trunk Railway in Portland. It was merged with the Worcester & Nashua into the Worcester, Nashua and Rochester Railroad in 1883. The Boston and Maine Railroad leased the line in 1886 and later acquired it wholly; the line is still owned by its successor.
York and Cumberland Railroad (Pennsylvania), 1846-1854, predecessor of the Northern Central Railway (Pennsylvania Railroad system)


The Macchi M.12 was a biplane flying boat bomber designed by Alessandro Tonini, and produced in small numbers by Macchi in Italy in 1918.

Design and development
The M.12 had a conventional design, generally similar to an enlarged version of other Macchi designs of the period, and featured the Warren truss-style interplane struts that had been introduced on the Macchi M.9. A major difference however, was its twin-boom fuselage, each with a separate tailfin. An M.12 was entered in the Schneider Trophy race of 1920, but did not compete.

The M.12bis was a civil variant with five seats and a wingspan extended to 18 m (59 ft), intended to carry passengers and mail.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

1910s Italian bomber aircraft
Flying boats
M.12
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Twin-boom aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918


Konrad Baumgarten or Conrad von Baumgarten is a hero of the Swiss liberation legend and, according to Friedrich Schiller's play William Tell, oath-taker at the famous Rütli-oath of 1 August 1291 forming the Old Swiss Confederacy. There, Baumgarten was acting in his function as one of the representatives of Unterwalden, together with the somewhat younger Arnold von Melchthal. Baumgarten was a free and wealthy man who has killed, in his own residence, the local Habsburg sheriff Wolfenschiessen with an axe in defence of his wive Itta Baumgarten against the sheriff's trespass and inappropriate attempts to approach her. With the assistance of William Tell, Baumgarten managed to escape from the sheriff's warriors and to flee to Werner Stauffacher on the other side of Lake Lucerne.

References

William Tell


Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Mounsey, after Captain William Mounsey:

  was an  launched in 1915 and sold in 1921.
  was a  launched in 1943 and returned to the US Navy in 1946.

Royal Navy ship names


SK Hand Tools (styled earlier as S-K, now usually SK) was an American tool company located in Sycamore, Illinois but sold out to Hangzhou GreatStar Industrial, a Chinese tool company under the authority of the Chinese Communist Party in July 2021. Major products of the once fully-USA-manufacturing company include sockets and drive tools, wrenches, air tools, and other mechanics' tools. The company has a tool line of over 3,500 items including wrenches, ratchets, screwdrivers, tool boxes and air tools. It has manufacturing facilities in China, Taiwan, Colorado Springs, Colorado and Sycamore, Illinois. Outlets for their products include independent tool-truck dealers, auto parts stores, and major internet vendors such as Sears and Amazon.com.

Jay Leno described the former USA-owned SK company as "an iconic American brand for decades," and the company is known for inventing the round-head ratchet wrench.

History
SK was founded as the Sherman-Klove Company, specializing in screw machine products, by Mason H. Sherman and  Noah Grover Klove. The company was founded in the early 20th century to supply munitions in World War I, and made mortar housings in a screw machine plant on Harrison Street in Chicago. During the 1920s SK operated primarily as a contract company, making tools for other brands (including Craftsman). Business thrived, they made specialty screw machine products that did well until the Depression. William S. Sherman (W.S.), Mason's son, came to SK after graduating college in 1927 and was eventually a major owner of the company. One of the products the company made was socket wrenches for Hinsdale Socket and Wrench Company. The Hinsdale Company went out of business during the great depression leaving Sherman-Klove with a large inventory of this product. They then redesigned the product and changed the company name to S-K Tools.

Theodore Rueb, an engineer for the Sherman-Klove Company, went on to develop a new mechanism for a very successful line of ratchets, scaled from 1/4-drive up to 3/4-drive. The "round-head" ratchet has remained one of the most popular ratchet styles in the nearly nine decades since S-K's first development, and many modern ratchets are little changed from the earliest design. SK invented the round-head ratchet wrench in 1933 and received a patent for it the following year, which remains a mainstay of their, and every major competitor's product line today.

Change of ownership

 In 1962, SK, along with manufacturing partner Lectrolite Corp., of Defiance, Ohio, was bought out by Symington-Wayne and became S-K Wayne.

 In 1968 S-K Wayne was purchased by Dresser Industries as part of the merger between Wayne Oil and Tank Company and Dresser Industries. Dresser Industries made many changes to S-K's tools including dropping the cross-hatch pattern from their sockets in order to "modernize" them.
 In 1985, SK became part of the French company Facom Tools.
 In 2005 it was purchased by its management and again operated independently as the S-K Hand Tools Corporation.
 On June 29, 2010, the company declared bankruptcy. On August 23, 2010, it was announced that two days later, on August 25, 2010, Ideal Industries would acquire SK.
 In July 2021 SK was acquired by Hangzhou GreatStar Industrial, a Chinese tool conglomerate company that cheapened the current owner of other American brands such as Shop-Vac, Arrow Fastener, and Pony Jorgensen clamps.

Gallery

References

Manufacturing companies based in Illinois
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States
Automotive tool manufacturers
Companies established in the 1900s
Companies based in Chicago
1900s establishments in Illinois


The Abbott and Costello Cartoon Show is an American half-hour animated series of the famous comedy duo that aired in syndication from September 9, 1967, to June 1, 1968. Each of the 39 individual episodes consisted of four five-minute cartoons. The cartoons were created jointly by Hanna-Barbera, RKO General, and Jomar Productions between 1965 and 1967. The series was syndicated by Gold Key Entertainment and King World Productions, with the rights now owned by Warner Bros. Television Distribution (through Turner Entertainment).

Bud Abbott provided the voice for his own character. Stan Irwin provided the voice of Lou Costello, who had died in 1959. The rest of the voice cast was composed of Hanna-Barbera regulars. Canadian cartoonist Lynn Johnston, best known for her comic strip, For Better or For Worse, was an uncredited cel colorist.

Production
Abbott and Costello was among the animated programs of the 1960s that were based on the decade's nostalgia craze which animated other comedy teams of the past such as Laurel and Hardy and The New 3 Stooges. The show created work for the ill and impoverished Bud Abbott, who provided the voice of his animated character. Lou Costello had died in 1959, and his voice was supplied by nightclub manager Stan Irwin (1920-2015), who was a close friend of the duo.

Voices
 Bud Abbott as Himself
 Stan Irwin as Lou Costello

Additional voices: Mel Blanc, Don Messick, Hal Smith, John Stephenson, Janet Waldo

Episodes

Comic book series
A comic book based on the TV show was produced by Charlton Comics.  Starting in February 1968, it ran for 22 issues, ending in August 1971.

Reception
Hal Erickson, author of Television Cartoon Shows, An Illustrated Encyclopedia gave the program a negative review, stating that  Abbott and Costello episodes were difficult to tell apart. Erickson stated that "virtually every one them features the tubby Costello being pursued by some bugeyed monster or giant sized garden pest" and that "None of the classic verbal exchanges which brought the real Abbott and Costello to fame in the first place are evident."

Home media
An episode of the show, "Gadzooka" was released in May 2013 as part of The Best of Warner Bros.: Hanna Barbera 25 Cartoon Collection DVD set.

See also
 The New Three Stooges
 Laurel and Hardy (animated series)
 Babbit and Catstello
 List of Hanna-Barbera characters
 List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions

References
Notes

Sources

External links

 Abbott and Costello at Toonarific.com

1967 American television series debuts
1968 American television series endings
1960s American animated television series
American children's animated comedy television series
Television series by Hanna-Barbera
Television series by King World Productions
English-language television shows
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Animation based on real people
Cultural depictions of Abbott and Costello


Howard Preston Ridlehuber (born November 2, 1943) is a former American collegiate and professional football running back in the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). He played one season each for the NFL's Atlanta Falcons and the AFL's Oakland Raiders and Buffalo Bills. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the 11th round, pick 166 overall, in the 1966 NFL draft and by the New York Jets in the 19th round, pick 168 overall, of the 1966 AFL draft.

Education

Ridlehuber is a graduate of Gainesville High School in Gainesville, Georgia where he was an all-around athlete in football, baseball, basketball and track. He received All-State honors as a baseball pitcher and football quarterback.  He then attended the University of Georgia where he played quarterback on the football team rather than sign as a pitcher with the Pittsburgh Pirates.  He won the C.M. Hendricks MVP award in the 1964 Sun Bowl where Georgia defeated Texas Tech. He was a member of Sigma Nu fraternity at Georgia.

Football career

Oakland Raiders
Ridlehuber is best known for scoring a touchdown with 33 seconds remaining in a game against the New York Jets, by recovering a fumbled kickoff.  It occurred in the Heidi Game, and was not seen by television viewers in most of the country because NBC switched from football coverage to the 1968 film Heidi. The Heidi Game or Heidi Bowl as it is also known led to a change in the way professional football is televised on network television; games are now shown to their conclusion before evening programming begins.

Buffalo Bills
His most notable Buffalo Bills highlight came during a game against the 0–5 then called Boston Patriots.  Preston was a backup running back with the 2–3 Bills.  O. J. Simpson had been concussed in Houston the week before and was not dressed for the Patriots game.  Fullback Wayne Patrick (number 30) had run 17 times for 131 yards.  Max Anderson (number 22) also known as Mini Max Anderson had 10 carries for 46 yards.

Mini Max was injured during a collision on the field.  His face mask shattered and Anderson's teeth were broken and lying on the turf.  While medical personnel were administering to Max, Bill's coach John Rauch called for Preston along the sideline.  The score was tied 16–16 late in the 4th quarter.  Rauch knelt down and drew a play out in the dirt.  The play, a halfback option play, had been practiced for the last couple of weeks.  It was originally planned for O. J. to throw a short pass to the Tight end.  The Bills were in a short yardage situation, and this pass completion would keep the drive alive.

Preston took the play into the huddle and the play was set in motion.  On the snap, Ridlehuber who had been a quarterback at Georgia, noticed that the Patriots cornerback was closing in on the Tight end.  His better judgement told him to look elsewhere for an available receiver.  He then saw Bills wide receiver Haven Moses wide open. He tossed a pass to the open Moses and he scored a touchdown on the long 45-yard pass completion.

When he returned to the bench, Coach Rauch congratulated him, and said:  'Be glad it worked.'  The play gave the Bills a 23–16 lead.  This touchdown stood up and was the final score. Notably, during that game, his regular jersey number (37) was ripped; as such, a replacement jersey with the number 31 was given to him to wear instead. The number 31 was retired for most of the team's history to represent a generic player and the "spirit of the franchise;" Ridlehuber would be the only player to wear the number for the Bills until it was unceremoniously put back into circulation in 1991.

Preston now is Honorary Commissioner of the Preston Ridlehuber Football League. This fantasy football league has been in existence since 1991 and is named as a tribute to a man who made great plays before and after his time with the Buffalo Bills. A career-ending injury prevented the world from enjoying Preston's contributions on the field.

See also

 Other American Football League players

References

Robert Marsh, Commissioner "Preston Ridelhuber Football League"

Online Athens article "Ridelhuber did Gainesville and Athens Proud"

1943 births
Living people
People from Greenwood, South Carolina
Players of American football from Gainesville, Georgia
Players of American football from South Carolina
American football running backs
Georgia Bulldogs football players
Atlanta Falcons players
Oakland Raiders players
Buffalo Bills players
American Football League players


In physics and thermodynamics, the Redlich–Kwong equation of state is an empirical, algebraic equation that relates temperature, pressure, and volume of gases.  It is generally more accurate than the van der Waals equation and the ideal gas equation at temperatures above the critical temperature.  It was formulated by Otto Redlich and Joseph Neng Shun Kwong in 1949.  It showed that a two-parameter, cubic equation of state could well reflect reality in many situations, standing alongside the much more complicated Beattie–Bridgeman model and Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation that were used at the time.  The Redlich–Kwong equation has undergone many revisions and modifications, in order to improve its accuracy in terms of predicting gas-phase properties of more compounds, as well as in better simulating conditions at lower temperatures, including vapor–liquid equilibria.

Equation

The Redlich–Kwong equation is formulated as:

where:
p is the gas pressure
R is the gas constant,
T is temperature,
Vm is the molar volume (V/n),
a is a constant that corrects for attractive potential of molecules, and
b is a constant that corrects for volume.

The constants are different depending on which gas is being analyzed. The constants can be calculated from the critical point data of the gas:

where:
Tc is the temperature at the critical point, and
Pc is the pressure at the critical point.

The Redlich–Kwong equation can also be represented as an equation for the compressibility factor of gas, as a function of temperature and pressure:

where:

Or more simply:

This equation only implicitly gives Z as a function of pressure and temperature, but is easily solved numerically, originally by graphical interpolation, and now more easily by computer. Moreover, analytic solutions to cubic functions have been known for centuries and are even faster for computers.

For all Redlich–Kwong gases:

where:
Zc is the compressibility factor at the critical point

Using  the equation of state can be written in the reduced form:

And since  it follows: with

From the Redlich–Kwong equation, the fugacity coefficient of a gas can be estimated:

Critical constants
It is possible to express the critical constants Tc and Pc as functions of a and b by reversing the following system of 2 equations a(Tc, Pc) and b(Tc, Pc) with 2 variables Tc, Pc:

Because of the definition of compressibility factor at critical condition, it is possible to reverse it to find the critical molar volume Vm,c, by knowing previous found Pc, Tc and Zc=1/3.

Multiple components

The Redlich–Kwong equation was developed with an intent to also be applicable to mixtures of gases.  In a mixture, the b term, representing the volume of the molecules, is an average of the b values of the components, weighted by the mole fractions:

 or

where:
xi is the mole fraction of the ith component of the mixture,
bi is the b value of the ith component of the mixture, and
Bi is the B value of the ith component of the mixture

The constant representing the attractive forces, a, is not linear with respect to mole fraction, but rather depends on the square of the mole fractions.  That is:

where:
 ai j is the attractive term between a molecule of species i and species j,
 xi is the mole fraction of the ith component of the mixture, and
 xj is the mole fraction of the jth component of the mixture.

It is generally assumed that the attractive cross terms are the geometric average of the individual a terms, that is:

In this case, the following equation for the attractive term is furnished:

where Ai is the A term for the i'''th component of the mixture.

History
The Van der Waals equation, formulated in 1873 by Johannes Diderik van der Waals, is generally regarded as the first somewhat realistic equation of state (beyond the ideal gas law):

However, its modeling of real behavior is not sufficient for many applications, and by 1949, had fallen out of favor, with the Beattie–Bridgeman and Benedict–Webb–Rubin equations of state being used preferentially, both of which contain more parameters than the Van der Waals equation.  The Redlich–Kwong equation was developed by Redlich and Kwong while they were both working for the Shell Development Company at Emeryville, California.  Kwong had begun working at Shell in 1944, where he met Otto Redlich when he joined the group in 1945. The equation arose out of their work at Shell - they wanted an easy, algebraic way to relate the pressures, volumes, and temperatures of the gasses they were working with - mostly non-polar and slightly polar hydrocarbons (the Redlich–Kwong equation is less accurate for hydrogen-bonding gases).  It was presented jointly in Portland, Oregon at the Symposium on Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure of Solutions in 1948, as part of the 14th Meeting of the American Chemical Society.  The success of the Redlich–Kwong equation in modeling many real gases accurately demonstrate that a cubic, two-parameter equation of state can give adequate results, if it is properly constructed.  After they demonstrated the viability of such equations, many others created equations of similar form to try to improve on the results of Redlich and Kwong.

Derivation
The equation is essentially empirical – the derivation is neither direct nor rigorous.  The Redlich–Kwong equation is very similar to the Van der Waals equation, with only a slight modification being made to the attractive term, giving that term a temperature dependence.  At high pressures, the volume of all gases approaches some finite volume, largely independent of temperature, that is related to the size of the gas molecules.  This volume is reflected in the  b in the equation.  It is empirically true that this volume is about 0.26Vc (where Vc is the volume at the critical point).  This approximation is quite good for many small, non-polar compounds – the value ranges between about 0.24Vc and 0.28Vc. In order for the equation to provide a good approximation of volume at high pressures, it had to be constructed such that

The first term in the equation represents this high-pressure behavior.

The second term corrects for the attractive force of the molecules to each other.  The functional form of a with respect to the critical temperature and pressure is empirically chosen to give the best fit at moderate pressures for most relatively non-polar gasses.

In reality

The values of a and b are completely determined by the equation's shape and cannot be empirically chosen. Requiring it to hold at its critical point ,

enforcing the thermodynamic criteria for a critical point,

and without loss of generality defining  and  yields 3 constraints,

.

Simultaneously solving these while requiring b' and Zc to be positive yields only one solution:

.

Modification
The Redlich–Kwong equation was designed largely to predict the properties of small, non-polar molecules in the vapor phase, which it generally does well.  However, it has been subject to various attempts to refine and improve it.  In 1975, Redlich himself published an equation of state adding a third parameter, in order to better model the behavior of both long-chained molecules, as well as more polar molecules.  His 1975 equation was not so much a modification to the original equation as a re-inventing of a new equation of state, and was also formulated so as to take advantage of computer calculation, which was not available at the time the original equation was published.  Many others have offered competing equations of state, either modifications to the original equation, or equations quite different in form.  It was recognized by the mid 1960s that to significantly improve the equation, the parameters, especially a, would need to become temperature dependent.  As early as 1966, Barner noted that the Redlich–Kwong equation worked best for molecules with an acentric factor (ω) close to zero.  He therefore proposed a modification to the attractive term:

where
α is the attractive term in the original Redlich–Kwong equation
γ is a parameter related to ω, with γ = 0 for ω = 0

It soon became desirable to obtain an equation that would also model well the Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) properties of fluids, in addition to the vapor-phase properties.  Perhaps the best known application of the Redlich–Kwong equation was in calculating gas fugacities of hydrocarbon mixtures, which it does well, that was then used in the VLE model developed by Chao and Seader in 1961.  However, in order for the Redlich–Kwong equation to stand on its own in modeling vapor–liquid equilibria, more substantial modifications needed to be made.  The most successful of these modifications is the Soave modification to the equation, proposed in 1972.  Soave's modification involved replacing the T1/2 power found in the denominator attractive term of the original equation with a more complicated temperature-dependent expression.  He presented the equation as follows:

whereTr is the reduced temperature of the compound, andω is the acentric factor

The Peng–Robinson equation of state further modified the Redlich–Kwong equation by modifying the attractive term, giving

the parameters a, b, and α are slightly modified, with

The Peng–Robinson equation typically gives similar VLE equilibria properties as the Soave modification, but often gives better estimations of the liquid phase density.

Several modifications have been made that attempt to more accurately represent the first term, related to the molecular size.  The first significant modification of the repulsive term beyond the Van der Waals equation's

(where Phs represents a hard spheres equation of state term.) was developed in 1963 by Thiele:

where
, and

This expression was improved by Carnahan and Starling to give

The Carnahan-Starling hard-sphere equation of state has term been used extensively in developing other equations of state, and tends to give very good approximations for the repulsive term.

Beyond improved two-parameter equations of state, a number of three parameter equations have been developed, often with the third parameter depending on either Zc, the compressibility factor at the critical point, or ω, the acentric factor.  Schmidt and Wenzel proposed an equation of state with an attractive term that incorporates the acentric factor:

This equation reduces to the original Redlich–Kwong equation in the case when ω = 0, and to the Peng–Robinson equation when ω'' = 1/3.

See also

 Gas laws
 Ideal gas
 Inversion temperature
 Iteration
 Maxwell construction
 Real gas
 Theorem of corresponding states
 Van der Waals equation

References

Equations of state
Gas laws
Engineering thermodynamics


David Pratt (born 20 July 1938) is a former English first-class cricketer who played between 1959 and 1962 for three different teams. He also played minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire. He was a specialist bowler, and his batting at number 11 didn't rival his bowling talent.

He made his first-class debut for Worcestershire in May 1959 against Derbyshire at Chesterfield, but took no wickets.
He did not play in the first-team again until early August, when Worcestershire played Surrey at Worcester, but he then produced what was to remain a career-best performance. After going wicketless in the first innings, second time around he took 5-54, all his victims being current or future Test cricketers: Micky Stewart, Ken Barrington, Eric Bedser, Jim Laker and Alec Bedser.

He stayed in the team throughout August, but took only eight more wickets in six games. In 1960, whilst attending his National Service he played no professional cricket at all.  He was succeeded at Worcester by Norman Gifford.   After completing his service in 1961 he played for Combined Services against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire as well as a touring South Africa Fezelas side, taking six wickets in all. He returned to county cricket in 1962 with Nottinghamshire, playing seven first-class games (in which he took just four wickets) but otherwise being confined to the Second XI. Reflecting the start of his career, in his final match (against Gloucestershire) both his victims were Test players: Arthur Milton and David Smith.

David gave up professional cricket in the mid 60's but still played locally and as Captain lead his 1st team to win the Home Counties and Cherwell Leagues for a number of years in the 1980s.

David was still topping the bowling averages when he retired from cricket in 1988.   A natural sportsman, he took up golf and was soon playing off an 8 handicap.

Notes

References

English cricketers
Nottinghamshire cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Combined Services cricketers
1938 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Watford
Hertfordshire cricketers
Cricketers from Hertfordshire


Earl Oliver Christy (born March 19, 1943) is a former professional American football player who played cornerback for three seasons for the New York Jets.

College
Earl “The Twirl" Christy better known by friends as "The Super Bowl Champ" or "Mr. Inspiration" was inducted into the Hawk Hall of Fame in 1984. Earl came to Maryland State College (MSC)
from Perryman, Maryland in 1961. Earl attended Havre de Grace Consolidated School in Havre de Grace, Maryland. At the tiny all-
Black school, Earl was known as “All World”. You name it and he did it. In track and field, Earl high jumped 6 feet
and 4 inches and threw the shot put 49 feet and 9 inches. In addition, Earl’s basketball prowess was legendary. He
had a 40-inch vertical leap and once scored an amazing 43 points in a single game while the opposing losing team scored a total 42 points. Earl was a four-year letterman on
the Hawks’ football team. During his four-year career, the MSC Hawk football program compiled a record of 17 wins,
2 ties and 9 losses. Earl, a dean lists student, graduated from MSC in 1967 with a degree in Physical Education.

NFL career
The New York Jets signed Earl in 1966 to play defensive back, kick off, and punt return specialist.
Earl played for the N.Y. Jets for 3 years and was one of five Hawks who played in the 1968 Super Bowl (3 Jets and 2 Colts). He played for the New York Jets from 1966 to 1969. He played position of half back and defensive back and during Super Bowl III had a 25 yd kick off return. Earl ended his professional NFL career with 34 punt returns for 222 yards and 58 kick off returns for 1323 yards. Earl was an integral member of the Jets 1968 Super Championship team.

Earl Christy has the distinction of playing the proverbial bookend to the nadir and zenith of the Jets' moments against
their most hated 1968 rival, the Oakland Raiders. First, there's the Heidi Game, the extraordinary watershed moment in the history of TV's coverage of professional football. The histrionics of the game itself are well-known: fights, penalties,
ejections, then a little girl traipsing through the Alps. With the Raiders ahead with 1:05 to go, their kickoff went to Earl Christy who fumbled it at the 12 (although he has insisted numerous times - rightfully so - that the ball was actually knocked out of his hands by a teammate during the play), with the Raiders recovering in the end zone. Raiders 43 Jets 32. This was the nadir.

Then, leap ahead a few weeks later, to Shea Stadium and the AFL Championship against Oakland.
After the Raiders scored in the fourth quarter to take the lead at 23-20, Christy takes the kickoff and runs it back 32 yards
to set up a Namath pass to Sauer, followed by Namath's wild throw to Don Maynard, which then set up the clinching touchdown.

Heidi Game

The 1968 season also saw the Jets involved in one of the most notorious incidents in television history, an incident that would change the way television networks carried sporting events for decades to come.  On November 17, 1968, just before 7:30pm Eastern time, the Jets scored late to take a 32–29 lead over the Oakland Raiders with 1:05 left.  NBC cut to a commercial, and then everywhere but the West Coast showed the movie Heidi, a show which NBC had promoted extensively for the sweeps period.  Outraged fans bombarded NBC headquarters in New York with phone calls demanding the game be restored; so many phone calls were made that they eventually knocked out the NBC switchboard.  Even though a decision was made to carry the game to conclusion, this decision could not be communicated, thus resulting in the movie starting on schedule.

Fans' ire was further fueled when they discovered that NBC's cutting away from the game denied them from seeing live a dramatic finish.  On the Raiders' second play from scrimmage on the next drive, Daryle Lamonica threw a 46-yard touchdown pass to Charlie Smith, giving the Raiders a 36–32 lead.  On the ensuing kickoff, Earl Christy of the Jets fumbled at the 10 yard line, which the Raiders' Preston Ridlehuber converted into another touchdown, ultimately giving the Raiders a 43–32 victory.  Much of the country learned of this final outcome only via a bottom-of-screen crawl line shown during the movie.  This incident, dubbed the Heidi Game, resulted in most television networks and sports leagues amending their television policies to ensure that games in progress would be broadcast to their conclusion, no matter what, even if it meant delaying or canceling the rest of the network's lineup, and even if the game's outcome seemed assured.

Sources
 pro-football-reference.com

1943 births
American football cornerbacks
Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks football players
New York Jets players
Living people
People from Perryman, Maryland
Players of American football from Maryland
Sportspeople from the Baltimore metropolitan area
American Football League players


Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian.

Canada is a multilingual and multicultural society home to people of groups of many different ethnic, religious, and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. Following the initial period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Indigenous, French, British, and more recent immigrant customs, languages, and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic, and economic neighbour—the United States.

Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of many years following the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The First and Second World Wars, in particular, gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a fully-fledged, sovereign state, with a distinct citizenship. Legislative independence was established with the passage of the Statute of Westminster, 1931, the Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946, took effect on January 1, 1947, and full sovereignty was achieved with the patriation of the constitution in 1982. Canada's nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom. Legislation since the mid-20th century represents Canadians' commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development.

Term
The word Canadian originally applied, in its French form, Canadien, to the colonists residing in the northern part of New France— in Quebec, and Ontario—during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The French colonists in Maritime Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island), were known as Acadians.

When Prince Edward (a son of King George III) addressed, in English and French, a group of rioters at a poll in Charlesbourg, Lower Canada (today Quebec), during the election of the Legislative Assembly in June 1792, he stated, "I urge you to unanimity and concord. Let me hear no more of the odious distinction of English and French. You are all His Britannic Majesty's beloved Canadian subjects." It was the first-known use of the term Canadian to mean both French and English settlers in the Canadas.

Population

As of 2010, Canadians make up 0.5% of the world's total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth and social development. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20% of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Indigenous peoples, according to the 2016 Canadian census, numbered at 1,673,780 or 4.9% of the country's 35,151,728 population.

Immigration

While the first contact with Europeans and Indigenous peoples in Canada had occurred a century or more before, the first group of permanent settlers were the French, who founded the New France settlements, in present-day Quebec and Ontario; and Acadia, in present-day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, during the early part of the 17th century.

Approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. During the 18th and 19th century; immigration westward (to the area known as Rupert's Land) was carried out by "Voyageurs"; French settlers working for the North West Company; and by British settlers (English and Scottish) representing the Hudson's Bay Company, coupled with independent entrepreneurial woodsman called coureur des bois. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, an ethnic group of mixed European and First Nations parentage.

In the wake of the British Conquest of New France in 1760 and the Expulsion of the Acadians, many families from the British colonies in New England moved over into Nova Scotia and other colonies in Canada, where the British made farmland available to British settlers on easy terms. More settlers arrived during and after the American Revolutionary War, when approximately 60,000 United Empire Loyalists fled to British North America, a large portion of whom settled in New Brunswick. After the War of 1812, British (including British army regulars), Scottish, and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Rupert's Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada.

Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America, mainly from the British Isles as part of the Great Migration of Canada. These new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. The Great Famine of Ireland of the 1840s significantly increased the pace of Irish immigration to Prince Edward Island and the Province of Canada, with over 35,000 distressed individuals landing in Toronto in 1847 and 1848. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries are often referred to as Old Stock Canadians.

Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island and Colony of British Columbia peaked with the onset of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Additionally, growing South Asian immigration into British Columbia during the early 1900s led to the continuous journey regulation act of 1908 which indirectly halted Indian immigration to Canada, as later evidenced by the infamous 1914 Komagata Maru incident.

The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, since the establishment of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. In the mid-to-late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted "Home Children" from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout Western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a large number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles, and Ukrainians.
Legislative restrictions on immigration (such as the continuous journey regulation and Chinese Immigration Act, 1923) that had favoured British and other European immigrants were amended in the 1960s, opening the doors to immigrants from all parts of the world. While the 1950s had still seen high levels of immigration by Europeans, by the 1970s immigrants were increasingly Chinese, Indian, Vietnamese, Jamaican, and Haitian. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Canada received many American Vietnam War draft dissenters. Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, Canada's growing Pacific trade brought with it a large influx of South Asians, who tended to settle in British Columbia. Immigrants of all backgrounds tend to settle in the major urban centres. The Canadian public, as well as the major political parties, are tolerant of immigrants.

The majority of illegal immigrants come from the southern provinces of the People's Republic of China, with Asia as a whole, Eastern Europe, Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East. Estimates of numbers of illegal immigrants range between 35,000 and 120,000.

Citizenship and diaspora

Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada or by birth or adoption abroad when at least one biological parent or adoptive parent is a Canadian citizen who was born in Canada or naturalized in Canada (and did not receive citizenship by being born outside of Canada to a Canadian citizen). It can also be granted to a permanent resident who lives in Canada for three out of four years and meets specific requirements. Canada established its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act which took effect on January 1, 1947. The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was passed by the Parliament of Canada in 2001 as Bill C-11, which replaced the Immigration Act, 1976 as the primary federal legislation regulating immigration. Prior to the conferring of legal status on Canadian citizenship, Canada's naturalization laws consisted of a multitude of Acts beginning with the Immigration Act of 1910.

According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, there are three main classifications for immigrants: family class (persons closely related to Canadian residents), economic class (admitted on the basis of a point system that accounts for age, health and labour-market skills required for cost effectively inducting the immigrants into Canada's labour market) and refugee class (those seeking protection by applying to remain in the country by way of the Canadian immigration and refugee law). In 2008, there were 65,567 immigrants in the family class, 21,860 refugees, and 149,072 economic immigrants amongst the 247,243 total immigrants to the country. Canada resettles over one in 10 of the world's refugees and has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world.

As of a 2010 report by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, there were 2.8 million Canadian citizens abroad. This represents about 8% of the total Canadian population. Of those living abroad, the United States, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Taiwan, China, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, and Australia have the largest Canadian diaspora. Canadians in the United States constitute the greatest single expatriate community at over 1 million in 2009, representing 35.8% of all Canadians abroad. Under current Canadian law, Canada does not restrict dual citizenship, but Passport Canada encourages its citizens to travel abroad on their Canadian passport so that they can access Canadian consular services.

Ethnic ancestry

According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians. The major panethnic origin groups in Canada are: European (), North American (), Asian (), North American Indigenous (), African (), Latin, Central and South American (), Caribbean (), Oceanian (), and Other (). Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), Indian (3.7 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent).

Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being "white", representing  69.8 percent of the population. The indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021.  One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority, the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).

Between 2011 and 2016, the visible minority population rose by 18.4 percent. In 1961, less than two percent of Canada's population (about 300,000 people) were members of visible minority groups. The 2021 Census indicated that
8.3 million people, or almost one-quarter (23.0 percent) of the population reported themselves as being or having been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in Canada—above  the 1921 Census previous record of 22.3 percent. In 2021 India, China, and the Philippines were the top three countries of origin for immigrants moving to Canada.

Culture

Canadian culture is primarily a Western culture, with influences by First Nations and other cultures. It is a product of its ethnicities, languages, religions, political, and legal system(s). Canada has been shaped by waves of migration that have combined to form a unique blend of art, cuisine, literature, humour, and music. Today, Canada has a diverse makeup of nationalities and constitutional protection for policies that promote multiculturalism rather than cultural assimilation. In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and many French-speaking commentators speak of a Quebec culture distinct from English Canadian culture. However, as a whole, Canada is a cultural mosaic: a collection of several regional, indigenous, and ethnic subcultures.

Canadian government policies such as official bilingualism; publicly funded health care; higher and more progressive taxation; outlawing capital punishment; strong efforts to eliminate poverty; strict gun control; the legalizing of same-sex marriage, pregnancy terminations, euthanasia and cannabis are social indicators of Canada's political and cultural values. American media and entertainment are popular, if not dominant, in English Canada; conversely, many Canadian cultural products and entertainers are successful in the United States and worldwide. The Government of Canada has also influenced culture with programs, laws, and institutions. It has created Crown corporations to promote Canadian culture through media, and has also tried to protect Canadian culture by setting legal minimums on Canadian content.

Canadian culture has historically been influenced by European culture and traditions, especially British and French, and by its own indigenous cultures. Most of Canada's territory was inhabited and developed later than other European colonies in the Americas, with the result that themes and symbols of pioneers, trappers, and traders were important in the early development of the Canadian identity. First Nations played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, particularly for their role in assisting exploration of the continent during the North American fur trade. The British conquest of New France in the mid-1700s brought a large Francophone population under British Imperial rule, creating a need for compromise and accommodation. The new British rulers left alone much of the religious, political, and social culture of the French-speaking , guaranteeing through the Quebec Act of 1774 the right of the Canadiens to practise the Catholic faith and to use French civil law (now Quebec law).

The Constitution Act, 1867 was designed to meet the growing calls of Canadians for autonomy from British rule, while avoiding the overly strong decentralization that contributed to the Civil War in the United States. The compromises made by the Fathers of Confederation set Canadians on a path to bilingualism, and this in turn contributed to an acceptance of diversity.

The Canadian Armed Forces and overall civilian participation in the First World War and Second World War helped to foster Canadian nationalism, however, in 1917 and 1944, conscription crisis' highlighted the considerable rift along ethnic lines between Anglophones and Francophones. As a result of the First and Second World Wars, the Government of Canada became more assertive and less deferential to British authority. With the gradual loosening of political ties to the United Kingdom and the modernization of Canadian immigration policies, 20th-century immigrants with African, Caribbean and Asian nationalities have added to the Canadian identity and its culture. The multiple-origins immigration pattern continues today, with the arrival of large numbers of immigrants from non-British or non-French backgrounds.

Multiculturalism in Canada was adopted as the official policy of the government during the premiership of Pierre Trudeau in the 1970s and 1980s. The Canadian government has often been described as the instigator of multicultural ideology, because of its public emphasis on the social importance of immigration. Multiculturalism is administered by the Department of Citizenship and Immigration and reflected in the law through the Canadian Multiculturalism Act and section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Religion

Canada as a nation is religiously diverse, encompassing a wide range of groups, beliefs and customs. The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms references "God", and the monarch carries the title of "Defender of the Faith". However, Canada has no official religion, and support for religious pluralism (Freedom of religion in Canada) is an important part of Canada's political culture. With the role of Christianity in decline, it having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life, commentators have suggested that Canada has come to enter a post-Christian period in a secular state, with irreligion on the rise. The majority of Canadians consider religion to be unimportant in their daily lives, but still believe in God. The practice of religion is now generally considered a private matter throughout society and within the state.

The 2011 Canadian census reported that 67.3% of Canadians identify as being Christians; of this number, Catholics make up the largest group, accounting for 38.7 percent of the population. The largest Protestant denomination is the United Church of Canada (accounting for 6.1% of Canadians); followed by Anglicans (5.0%), and Baptists (1.9%). About 23.9% of Canadians declare no religious affiliation, including agnostics, atheists, humanists, and other groups. The remaining are affiliated with non-Christian religions, the largest of which is Islam (3.2%), followed by Hinduism (1.5%), Sikhism (1.4%), Buddhism (1.1%), and Judaism (1.0%).

Before the arrival of European colonists and explorers, First Nations followed a wide array of mostly animistic religions. During the colonial period, the French settled along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, specifically Latin Church Catholics, including a number of Jesuits dedicated to converting indigenous peoples; an effort that eventually proved successful. The first large Protestant communities were formed in the Maritimes after the British conquest of New France, followed by American Protestant settlers displaced by the American Revolution. The late nineteenth century saw the beginning of a substantive shift in Canadian immigration patterns. Large numbers of Irish and southern European immigrants were creating new Catholic communities in English Canada. The settlement of the west brought significant Eastern Orthodox immigrants from Eastern Europe and Mormon and Pentecostal immigrants from the United States.

The earliest documentation of Jewish presence in Canada occurs in the 1754 British Army records from the French and Indian War. In 1760, General Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst attacked and won Montreal for the British. In his regiment there were several Jews, including four among his officer corps, most notably Lieutenant Aaron Hart who is considered the father of Canadian Jewry. The Islamic, Jains, Sikh, Hindu, and Buddhist communities—although small—are as old as the nation itself. The 1871 Canadian Census (first "Canadian" national census) indicated thirteen Muslims among the populace, while the Sikh population stood at approximately 5,000 by 1908. The first Canadian mosque was constructed in Edmonton, in 1938, when there were approximately 700 Muslims in Canada. Buddhism first arrived in Canada when Japanese immigrated during the late 19th century. The first Japanese Buddhist temple in Canada was built in Vancouver in 1905. The influx of immigrants in the late 20th century, with Sri Lankan, Japanese, Indian and Southeast Asian customs, has contributed to the recent expansion of the Jain, Sikh, Hindu, and Buddhist communities.

Languages

A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 56% and 21% of Canadians, respectively. As of the 2016 Census, just over 7.3 million Canadians listed a non-official language as their mother tongue. Some of the most common non-official first languages include Chinese (1,227,680 first-language speakers), Punjabi (501,680), Spanish (458,850), Tagalog (431,385), Arabic (419,895), German (384,040), and Italian (375,645). Less than one percent of Canadians (just over 250,000 individuals) can speak an indigenous language. About half this number (129,865) reported using an indigenous language on a daily basis. Additionally, Canadians speak several sign languages; the number of speakers is unknown of the most spoken ones, American Sign Language (ASL) and Quebec Sign Language (LSQ), as it is of Maritime Sign Language and Plains Sign Talk. There are only 47 speakers of the Inuit sign language Inuktitut.

English and French are recognized by the Constitution of Canada as official languages. All federal government laws are thus enacted in both English and French, with government services available in both languages. Two of Canada's territories give official status to indigenous languages. In Nunavut, Inuktitut, and Inuinnaqtun are official languages, alongside the national languages of English and French, and Inuktitut is a common vehicular language in territorial government. In the Northwest Territories, the Official Languages Act declares that there are eleven different languages: Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, and Tłįchǫ. Multicultural media are widely accessible across the country and offer specialty television channels, newspapers, and other publications in many minority languages.

In Canada, as elsewhere in the world of European colonies, the frontier of European exploration and settlement tended to be a linguistically diverse and fluid place, as cultures using different languages met and interacted. The need for a common means of communication between the indigenous inhabitants and new arrivals for the purposes of trade, and (in some cases) intermarriage, led to the development of mixed languages. Languages like Michif, Chinook Jargon, and Bungi creole tended to be highly localized and were often spoken by only a small number of individuals who were frequently capable of speaking another language. Plains Sign Talk—which functioned originally as a trade language used to communicate internationally and across linguistic borders—reached across Canada, the United States, and into Mexico.

See also

 Canuck
 List of Canadians
 Persons of National Historic Significance
 List of prime ministers of Canada

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Canada Year Book 2010 – Statistics Canada
Canada: A People's History – Teacher Resources – Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Persons of National Historic Significance in Canada – Parks Canada
Multicultural Canada – Department of Canadian Heritage
The Canadian Immigrant Experience – Library and Archives Canada
The Dictionary of Canadian Biography – Library and Archives Canada
Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada – Library and Archives Canada

Ethnic groups in Canada
North American people
Nansen Refugee Award laureates


"Dizz Knee Land" is the debut single by Los Angeles-based alternative rock group dada. It was the first single taken from their debut album titled, Puzzle.  "Dizz Knee Land" proved to be very successful for the band upon its release in 1992, reaching number 5 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart, and number 27 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart.

Meaning
This is what bassist Joie Calio had to say on the Westwood One radio program On the Edge:

The song isn't about Disneyland at all. It's not about Disneyland. It... has nothing to do with Disneyland, actually. It has more to do with the craziness of the juxtaposition of the state of your every day. Just looking around you. You could see a guy's head being chopped off and, you know, a leg flying away and someone embracing someone in a lovely kiss and then flip the channel and then a chainsaw goes buzzing through, you know, some butter and it accidentally cuts your mom's head off and then you flip again and they're making love and then you flip again and it's Montana going 'I'm going to Disneyland'. You know, it's just that whole thing, how insane it is, but you know, it's just the natural state. I don't think we're making a, we're not pointing our fingers. We're just... it just is, and we're just singin' it.

Joie said this about the song in a Chicago Sun-Times interview: "It's our best-known song, but it's not our best song. I got the idea for the song in a dream where I saw this word "Disneyland" on a bus. I heard the melody and then I woke up, wrote it all down and called Mike up to finish it up."

Music video
The music video for the song mostly features the band playing on an empty stage.  During the video, there are several shots of several random objects moving.  Some of these objects include leaves, hard candy, nuts and bolts, rusty tools and a flatiron.  This stop motion technique has been used before in the music video for Peter Gabriel's "Sledgehammer".

References

1992 singles
Dada (band) songs
Song recordings produced by Ken Scott
1992 songs
I.R.S. Records singles


Robert Zurbriggen (16 March 1917 – 21 April 1952) was a Swiss cross-country skier and biathlete who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics.

Zurbriggen was born in Saas-Fee. In 1948 he was leader of the Swiss relay team which finished fifth in the 4x10 km relay competition. At this time he had the military rank of an Oberleutnant. In the 18 km event he finished 26th.

He also participated in the demonstration event, military patrol (precursor to biathlon). He was leader of the Swiss team, which finished first in the military patrol event (R. Zurbriggen, his brother H. Zurbriggen, Andenmatten, Vouardoux). In 1947 he, Karl Hischier, Karl Bricker and Andenmatten also won the revenge race in Oslo.

As a mountain guide of a glacier tour he had a fatal accident in 1952.

External links
profile

References

1917 births
1952 deaths
Swiss male cross-country skiers
Swiss military patrol (sport) runners
Olympic cross-country skiers for Switzerland
Olympic biathletes for Switzerland
Cross-country skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Military patrol competitors at the 1948 Winter Olympics
People from Visp (district)
Mountaineering deaths
Swiss military officers
Sport deaths in Switzerland
Skiers from Valais


Argyra () is a village in the municipal unit of Rio, Achaea, Greece. It is situated in the northern foothills of the Panachaiko, at about 450 m elevation. It is 2 km west of Sella and 7 km east of Rio. In 2011, it had a population of 288. A wind energy facility has been built about 4 km to the south.

Population

History

The ancient town Argyra was located near the river Selemnos, the spring Argyra and the town Boline. Both towns were already ruined in Pausanias' days (2nd century AD). According to local legend, Argyra was a sea-nymph, who fell in love with Selemnus and used to come up out of the sea to visit him, sleeping by his side. The ancient town is located between the villages of Ano Kastritsi and Argyra.

See also

List of settlements in Achaea

References

External links
Argyra at the GTP Travel Pages

Populated places in Achaea
Patras
Rio, Greece
Villages in Greece


Guízar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gonzálo Guízar (born 1961), Mexican politician
Pepe Guízar (1906–1980), Mexican composer, poet, and musician
Rafael Guízar y Valencia (1878–1938), Mexican saint
Tito Guízar (1908–1999), Mexican singer and actor


Museo de la Naturaleza y Arqueología (MUNA), (, formerly , ) is a museum-based in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, (Canary Islands, Spain). It contains many significant archaeological finds and is considered the best repository of objects from the Pre-Castilian Canary Islands. The museum also houses significant paleontological, botanical, entomological, and marine and terrestrial vertebrate collections, and is considered the best Natural Library of the Canary Islands.

Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre integrates the Archaeological Museum of Tenerife, the Bioantropología's Canary Institute and the Museum of Natural Sciences of Tenerife. The museum is located in the downtown area of Santa Cruz, in the former Civil Hospital, a building that constitutes an example of the neoclassical architecture of Canary Islands. The archaeological section was founded in 1958.

The museum holds the largest collection on the culture of the Guanche and also has one of the most modern methods of presentation of mummies, (announced in 2006 by the Cabildo de Tenerife through a communique). It is also an internationally renowned museum and has participated in international meetings on archeology, but its fame is mainly due to its formidable collection of Guanche mummies. It is also regarded as the most important museum of Macaronesia.

History
Founded in 1958 with funds from the Section of Archeology and Anthropology Museum of the City of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, its first director was Luis Diego Cuscoy, who brought together a unique collection of archaeological material and human remains from the prehistory of Tenerife. During the sixties, funds were raised to add to the collections, including ethnographic and archeological materials from Africa and Pre-Columbian America. At present the museum exhibits prehistoric archaeological remains both from Tenerife and the rest of the Canary Islands as well as other cultures.

Permanent exhibitions

On permanent exhibition is a gallery dedicated to the archaeology and the funeral rituals of the aboriginal world. Displayed are the museums collection of skeletal and mummified remains of the original inhabitants of the Canary Islands, the Guanches, along with objects buried in the royal tombs of their kings, the Menceyes. Among the best preserved mummies are that of the Mummy of San Andrés, as well as the renowned Guanche mummies of Necochea.

The museum also exhibits a fine collection of ceramics and fossils of prehistoric animals both of Canaries and of the rest of the world, such as the giant lizard of Tenerife (Gallotia goliath), the Tenerife Giant Rat (Canariomys bravoi), the Tenerife giant tortoise (Geochelone burchardi), megalodon shark tooth and fossil remains of trilobites, etc.

Featured Pieces

The museum features a formidable collection of mummies, ornaments, models of aboriginal settlements and pottery. The history uncovered ranges from the beginnings of the Guanche culture to the Conquest of the Canary Islands. Some of its key parts are:

Guanche mummies – among which the famous Mummy of San Andrés
Zanata Stone – rock with Berber-Punic inscriptions)
Guanche ceramics and personal items
Mediterranean and Aegean amphoras found on the shores of the Canary Islands
Thirteen Egyptian ceramics dated to 5700 years old, one of which is the oldest piece of this civilization in a Spanish museum.

Participation in projects
In 1992 the Museum of Nature and Man participated in an international research project on mummies (called PROJECT CRONOS), with a global exhibition of mummies. For this reason, the Museum of Nature and Man is a world reference in regard to preservation of mummies.

Foreign television companies such as the American JWM Productions (Discovery Channel) and NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai) have filmed in 2009 documentaries on mummies in the museum.

The Archaeological Museum of Tenerife took part in the Great Exhibition on mummies in 2010 which was held in Granada (Spain). The exhibition feature pieces from various civilizations and geographical environments including the 8000-year-old American "Chinchorro". There was also be a representation of the sarcophagi of Egypt, the arid zones of the Andes, the marshes of Denmark, the "men of the ice" (like the mummy Ötzi), which appear from time to time in the cemeteries of Spanish and Guanche mummies in the museum.

Between 2014 and 2016 he held a similar exhibition entitled Momias, testigos del pasado (Mummies, witnesses of the past), held in the Parque de las Ciencias de Granada in Andalusia. This time the Archaeological Museum of Tenerife contributed to sample two Guanche mummies and other archaeological artifacts. As before, this exhibition was also mummified from various parts of the world and various ancient cultures remains.

Meanwhile in 2015, the main state television of South Korea, is the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), filmed the Guanche mummies museum, which will be included in a documentary titled "The Next Human", part a scientific project which aims to show the evolution of the human being through the findings of its own DNA.

In the summer of 2015 a documentary was also filmed in the museum premises. The "Misterio Adventura" program of Italian television.

Between December 2017 and June 2018, the museum hosted the exhibition "Athanatos. Inmortal. Muerte e inmortalidad en las poblaciones del pasado". It gathered examples of Egyptian, Andean, Muisca, Asian mummies, aboriginal mummies of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, and other elements related to funeral rituals. This initiative also included an extraordinary world congress of studies on mummies, as well as a research project. This congress counted with some of the best specialists in mummies worldwide, among them: Albert Zink, who studies Ötzi's mummy; Niels Lynnerup, researcher of the Bog body of northern Europe; Salima Ikram, specialist in ancient Egyptian animal mummies; Guido Lombardi, researcher of Inca mummies, etc. The exhibition commemorates the 25th anniversary of the PROJECT CRONOS, which gave the first mummies exhibition held internationally in Tenerife in February 1992, as well as the first world congress on studies on mummies.

Illustrious visitors
Among the most important personalities who have visited the museum, stands out in October 2014, Stephen Hawking, who is considered the most famous scientist in the world.

Name change
In November 2018, the Museum of Nature and Man officially changed its name to the Museum of Nature and Archeology, deleting the word "Man" to make it more inclusive with society. However, it is still better known by its old name.

See also
 List of museums in Spain

References

External links

 Independent Organ of Tenerife Museums and Centers.

Museums in Tenerife
Buildings and structures in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Archaeological museums in Spain
Guanche
Museums established in 1958
Archaeology of Tenerife
Tourist attractions in Tenerife
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife


Harry O'Donovan (c. 1896 – 3 November 1973) was an Irish comedy scriptwriter, stage manager and actor.

Life
He was born in Dublin, Ireland and was apprenticed to a painter. In his spare time, he took part in amateur dramatics, finally joining a troupe of actors and touring Ireland for several years. In 1924 he got to know Jimmy O'Dea in a production of You Never Can Tell at the Abbey Theatre.

In 1927 he formed a partnership with Jimmy O'Dea. Their first show was Look Who's Here in the Queens Theatre. Their first pantomime was Sinbad in 1929 in the Olympia Theatre. Together they created O'Dea's most famous character, Biddy Mulligan.

For thirty years from 1929 they produced two shows a year in Dublin, first in the Olympia, later in the Gaiety.

He wrote many scripts for Radio Éireann. He also acted as business manager and stage manager for O'Dea and the rest of the cast, and acted in bit parts in plays, sketches and pantomimes.

Legacy

O'Donovan was well known for his comedic sketches and plays but he was especially recognised for his creation of the iconic character Mrs. Biddy Mulligan that was played by his longtime partner, and co-founder of OD Productions, Jimmy O'Dea in many theatre performances and recorded sketches. It is described as O'Dea's most famous role as they recorded and released many famous gramophone records of Biddy Mulligan. These recordings included comedic sketches such as Biddy Mulligan on the Tram, Biddy Mulligan in Court, Mrs. Mulligan Nearly Wins the Sweep, Biddy Mulligan Casts Her Vote and Biddy Mulligan at the Racecourse. This character is also referenced in songs that were written by O'Donovan like Daffodil Mulligan and The Charladies' Ball but most noticeably in the song Biddy Mulligan the pride of the Coombe that was written by songwriter Seamus Kavanagh who collaborated with O'Donovan to write it.

Their success has been attributed to how they complimented each other and neither was successful without the other, resulting in a partnership that lasted for 30 years. O'Donovan's writing needed the comedic improvisations of O'Dea to bring his scripts to life and because of this duo they produced some of the most popular shows on the Dublin stage in the 1930s and 1940s.

O'Donovan played a key role in the Irish dramatic movement as he introduced Irish music hall traditions into Irish theatres, similar to the English music hall comedians who visited Ireland in the 1930s, and this new style replaced the traditional serious Irish dramas present in theatres during that time. He is one of the names that made modern Irish drama what it is today. He outlined more of an Irish Identity within his scriptwriting, including Irish life, speech and place names making his scripts more relatable to the Irish people as there was a local association with them through his Irish references and humour which made his plays more successful within the nation.

Songs
The Vamp of Inchicore
Rathgar
The Charladies' Ball
Men
Daffodil Mulligan

References

1890s births
1973 deaths
Irish male stage actors
Irish theatre managers and producers
Irish male dramatists and playwrights
Pantomime
Theatre people from Dublin (city)
20th-century Irish dramatists and playwrights
20th-century male writers
Male actors from County Dublin


Yakubovich is a patronymic surname derived from the name Yakub (Russian or Belarusian: Якуб, Polish: Jakub) being a version of the name Jacob. The Polish language spelling of the same surname is Jakubowicz. The surname may refer to:
Denis Yakubovich (born 1988), Belarusian football player
Joyce Yakubowich (born 1953), Canadian sprinter
Leonid Yakubovich (born 1945), Russian television personality and actor
5994 Yakubovich, an asteroid named after Leonid
Pavel Yakubovich (born 1946), Belarusian journalist and state propagandist
Nadezhda Yakubovich (born 1954), Belarusian Soviet javelin thrower
Pyotr Yakubovich (1860–1911), Russian revolutionary poet
Vladimir Yakubovich (1926-2012), Soviet scientist
Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma

Belarusian-language surnames
Surnames of Belarusian origin


Seufzer-Galopp (Sighing), opus 9, is a galop composed by Johann Strauss I. It first appeared in print in December 1828. It was written during the years in which Josef Lanner and Strauss for the moment competed with each other with an ensemble of a handful of musicians, each at the head of a small band.

References

Compositions by Johann Strauss I
Galops


is a Japanese manga series written by Masaru Miyazaki (under the alias Sharakumaro) and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. It was serialized in the Shueisha magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from May 1995 to January 1996. The chapters were collected into four  bound volumes. The plot follows Tachibana Sakon, a bunraku puppeteer who solves mysteries with Ukon, a puppet. The manga was adapted into a 26-episode anime television series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha and broadcast on the satellite network Wowow from October 1999 to March 2000.

Characters

A master puppeteer who likes to travel and solve mysteries along his journeys with his puppet and best friend, Ukon. When he does not have Ukon with him, he is a very timid, humble young boy. However, once he places Ukon on his hand, he develops a careful, quiet, observant and calculating personality. He is displayed as a brilliant young man who can solve any case but feels that sometimes it is best "not to see everything so clearly", and is often underestimated by the criminals because of his young age and occupation as a puppeteer. He is also considered very cute despite his young age, and is often hit on by older women, much to his embarrassment and annoyance. He often worries whenever Ukon is not with him, considering him as his family, and is shown to have a kind heart and will do his best to help those in need. It has been shown that when he was younger, he was often bullied for liking and playing with puppets and that when he was seven, his father committed suicide after injuring another performer's face by accident.

A 100-year-old child doll made in the early Meiji era by a famous puppet maker. When Sakon operates him, he appears to come to life, having a very distinct personality that differs drastically from Sakon's reserved, quiet nature (when he holds Ukon); however, the two continue to have a strong sibling like bond. He is loud, talkative, rude, and likes beautiful girls. He tends to jump to conclusions in his deductions of who the criminal is, and becomes irritated if Sakon does not tell him what he is thinking or who he suspects is the criminal, often relying on him to explain his deduction of the crime. He is also the one to inspire confidence in Sakon and the victims of the case they are trying to solve. He also has the ability to allow the souls of the dead to take possession of his body to listen to their final words before their death, which often comes in handy when solving mysteries.

Sakon's aunt from his mother's side and assistant police detective. She often follows Sakon on his journeys so she can meet handsome men and eat delicious food, and believes herself to be a rare beauty. She also often focuses more on the motives of people involved in a crime rather than their alibis and possible method of murder, which she often relies on Sakon for. She insists that Sakon call her "Kaoruko nee-san" rather than "Kaoruko obaa-san" and hits Ukon whenever he insults her or says a careless remark.

A photographer friend of Sakon's, who sometimes joins him on his travels, and helps in his investigations. He is obsessed with taking pictures, but tends to forget to take them, which Ukon makes note of.

Media

Manga
Karakurizōshi Ayatsuri Sakon is written by Masaru Miyazaki and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. The manga was serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump from May 22, 1995 to January 1, 1996. Shueisha compiled the individual chapters into four  volumes released from August 4, 1995 to March 4, 1996.

Volumes

Anime
A 26-episode anime television series produced by Tokyo Movie Shinsha aired on Wowow from October 8, 1999, to March 31, 2000. Humming Bird performed the opening theme , and Akino Arai performed the ending theme .

Episodes

References

External links
  Karakurizōshi Ayatsuri Sakon at TMS Entertainment
 Karakurizōshi Ayatsuri Sakon at Wowow (archived)

1996 Japanese novels
Fictional puppeteers
Jump J-Books
Light novels
Mystery anime and manga
Theatre in anime and manga
Shōnen manga
Shueisha franchises
Shueisha manga
Supernatural anime and manga
Takeshi Obata
TMS Entertainment
Wowow original programming


The Lake of Sainte-Croix () is a man-made lake that was formed by the construction, between 1971 and 1974 (when it was put into service) of a reinforced-concrete arch dam by the name of .  It is fed by the Verdon river, at the outlet of the Verdon Gorge. The reservoir holds a maximum of 761 million cubic metres of water.  The dam, which generates 142 million kWh of electricity per year, is 94 metres high, 7.5 metres thick at its base and 3 metres thick at its crest.

The village Les Salles-sur-Verdon stands by the lake; it was rebuilt on the shore after the original village was destroyed to make room for the reservoir. Other villages around the lake are Sainte-Croix-du-Verdon and Bauduen.

External links

Sainte Croix
Landforms of Var (department)
Landforms of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence


Max Müller (27 June 1916 – 22 November 2019) was a Swiss cross-country skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics. In 1948, he was a member of the Swiss relay team that finished fifth in the 4x10 km relay competition. In the 50 km event he finished 17th and in the 18 km competition he finished 25th.

References

1916 births
2019 deaths
Swiss centenarians
Cross-country skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Olympic cross-country skiers for Switzerland
Swiss male cross-country skiers


David Willardson is an American artist.

He attended the Art Center College of Design. He has worked on Disney characters, designing a "new look" for many of Disney's movie posters, and worked on Disney movie campaigns for 17 years.

As an award-winning illustrator in the 1970s, Willardson was instrumental in the rise of airbrush art in pop culture, leading to a prolific career in illustration and design. His work includes the covers of Jerry Lee Lewis' There Must Be More to Love Than This (1970), the soundtrack album for American Graffiti (1973), Little Richard's The Second Coming (1972) and the Refreshments' Fizzy Fuzzy Big & Buzzy (1996), as well as Rolling Stone magazine cover art and the Fender guitar poster series.

Willardson is a "pep" artist.

References

Living people
Film poster artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Album-cover and concert-poster artists
Art Center College of Design alumni


Gesellschafts-Walzer (Association's Waltz), opus 5, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss I. The work had been composed during the period of Strauss’ service in Josef Lanner’s small orchestra, and premiered at one of the balls at the Zum weissen Schwan (The White Swan) in Rossau, Vienna, after Strauss had been appointed as music director there in the autumn of 1827.

References

Compositions by Johann Strauss I
Alsergrund


Edi Schild (also Edy; 21 February 1919 – 22 June 2008) was a Swiss cross-country skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics. In 1948 he was a member of the Swiss relay team which finished fifth in the 4x10 km relay competition. In the 50 km event he finished sixth and in the 18 km competition he finished 20th.

External links
Edi Schild's profile at Sports Reference.com
Mention of Edi Schild's death

1919 births
2008 deaths
Swiss male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Switzerland
Cross-country skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics


Henry Killigrew may refer to:

 Henry Killigrew (diplomat) (1528–1603), English diplomat and ambassador
 Henry Killigrew (playwright) (1613–1700), wrote Pallantus and Eudora
 Henry Killigrew (Royal Navy officer) (died 1712), Lord of Admiralty and son of the playwright


Lino Sima Ekua Avomo (4 April 1957 – 22 February 2013) was an Equatoguinean diplomat. He was the Permanent Representative of Equatorial Guinea to the United Nations, with jurisdiction in Canada. He presented his credentials to Secretary-General Kofi Annan on 21 May 2003.

Education
Sima Ekua Avomo attended the Diplomatic School of Madrid, Spain and the Carlos Lwanga National Institute of Secondary Education in Bata, Equatorial Guinea.

Career
Sima Ekua Avomo served as Minister of State for International Cooperation and Francophone Affairs prior to his appointment to the United Nations. He has also served as Director General of International Cooperation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Francophone Affairs, Ambassador to France with jurisdiction in the United Kingdom, Portugal and Switzerland, and representative to the United Nations Office at Geneva. From 1990 until 1995, he served as Ambassador of Equatorial Guinea in the People's Republic of China with jurisdiction in North Korea, Japan and Indonesia. He has also been First Secretary in the Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and representative to the Organization of African Unity from 1984 until 1990. From 1982 to 1984, he served as Second Secretary in Equatorial Guinea's Embassy in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. from 1980 until 1982, he served as third Secretary of Equatorial Guinea embassy in Cameroon.

See also

List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations

References

New Permanent Representative of Equatorial Guinea presents credentials

External links
Permanent Mission of Equatorial Guinea to the UN

1957 births
Living people
Permanent Representatives of Equatorial Guinea to the United Nations
Ambassadors of Equatorial Guinea to France
Ambassadors of Equatorial Guinea to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors of Equatorial Guinea to Portugal
Ambassadors of Equatorial Guinea to Switzerland
People from Mongomo