Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici were married on October 28, 1533, and their marriage produced ten children. Henry and Catherine became the ancestors of monarchs of several countries.

Background, pedigree and family ties
Both Henry and Catherine were from illustrious families and had notable people in their respective family trees.

Henry II of France
Henry's father was Francis I of France, the patron of Leonardo da Vinci and a member of the Valois-Angoulême branch of the House of Valois. His maternal grandfather was Louis XII of France, the conqueror of the Neapolitan Kingdom of Naples and the Duchy of Milan. Both Kings of France were descendants (in the male line) of Charles V, King of France, and as such represented, as the only extant line of the House of Valois, the descent of Charles, Count of Valois, fourth son of King Philip III of France, from the House of Capet.

Henry's maternal grandmother was Anne of Brittany, the defiant Duchess Regent of Brittany and Queen of France twice over. Her grandmother was Eleanor of Navarre, the daughter of John II of Aragon and half-sister of Ferdinand II of Aragon. Therefore, this made Henry a distant half-cousin of his son-in-law Philip II of Spain. This also made him a second cousin once-removed of his other son-in-law, Henry IV of France, who was also a distant cousin through their common male-line ancestor, St. Louis of France.

Catherine de' Medici
Catherine's father and grandfather were Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino and Piero the Unfortunate respectively. The latter was a son of Lorenzo il Magnifico, the great Renaissance ruler of Florence. This made Catherine a scion of the illustrious House of Medici. Also her guardian till her marriage was Pope Clement VII, formerly Giulio De'Medici, illegitimate son of Giuliano De'Medici, brother of Lorenzo il Magnifico. Therefore, from her father's side, Catherine had high Italian ancestry.

Her mother was from the House of La Tour d'Auvergne, her father being the last Count of Boulogne from the aforementioned House. Her maternal grandmother Jeanne de Bourbon-Vendôme was a direct patrilineal descendant of Louis, the first duke of Bourbon. This made Catherine a direct descendant of Louis IX of France, and of the House of Capet, albeit through a female line. Also this made her a 7th cousin, once removed of her husband Henry and a 6th cousin, 3 times removed of Henri of Navarre, her son-in-law.

Ultimately both Henry and Medici, through Louis IX and the House of Capet, descended from Hugues Capet, the King of the Franks.

Children
During their marriage, the royal couple faced health problems with their children: their fourth child, Louis, died when he was a baby and Catherine almost died giving birth to her youngest children who were the twins, Jeanne and Victoire. After their birth, the doctors told Henry and Catherine that their marriage should not produce more children.

The following table lists all the children of Henry and Catherine.

Descendants of Elizabeth of Valois

Progeny of Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain

Progeny of Catherine Michaela of Spain

Descendants of Claude of Valois

Progeny of Henry II, Duke of Lorraine

Progeny of Christine of Lorraine

Progeny of Francis II, Duke of Lorraine

Descendants of Charles IX

See also
Descendants of Louis XIV of France
Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
Descendants of Philip V of Spain
Descendants of Charles III of Spain
Descendants of Charles I of England

Henry 02 of France and Catherine de' Medici
House of Valois
French princes
French princesses
Catherine de' Medici
Descendants


Chardon de Croisilles or de Reims (fl. 1220–45) was an Old French trouvère and possibly an Occitan troubadour. He was probably from Croisilles, but perhaps Reims. He is associated with the school of trouvères in and around Arras. Chardon wrote four chansons d'amour, two jeux partis, and one partimen.

In two of his chansons Chardon represented Marguerite de Bourbon, the wife (from 1232) of Theobald I of Navarre, in acrostics. Based on this and another internal reference to the castle of Monreal near Pamplona, where Theobald was staying in 1237, it is thought that Chardon joined Theobald's Crusade, which left for the Holy Land in 1237. Henry II of Bar, who adjudicated one of Chardon's jeux partis, also went on Crusade with Theobald.

All Chardon's French poems have the form ABABX: the chansons are decasyllabic, the jeux partis octosyllabic. His only surviving melodies, for Mar vit raison covoite trop haut and Rose ne lis ne me done talent, are through composed. A fifth chanson, no longer ascribed to Chardon, Li departirs de la douce contree, is notable for the simplicity of its melody compared to the "floridity" of that of Rose ne lis.

A poet named Chardo (or Cardo) wrote a partimen (the Occitan version of a jeu parti) with an otherwise unidentified poet named Uc. The rubric La tenzo del chardo e den ugo ("The tenso of [the] Chardo and of Lord Hugh") appears in the manuscript. While Chardo's portion of the exchange, N'Ugo, cauzetz, avans que respondatz, survives, Uc's part does not. Oskar Schultz-Gora (1884) first proposed to identify the troubadour with the trouvère, an identification accepted by Hermann Suchier in his edition (1907), followed by G. Huet (1908), Adolphe Guesnon (1909) and István Frank (1966). The identification was disputed by Vincenzo De Bartholomaeis (1906) and John H. Marshall. Suchier dated the partimen to c. 1240.

Notes

References
Karp, Theodore. "Chardon de Croisilles." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Accessed 20 September 2008.
Bibliografia Elettronica dei Trovatori.

Trouvères
Male classical composers


Chardo may refer to:
 Chardon de Croisilles, a French trouvère
 Roman Catholic Kshatriya, a Konkani Catholic caste


Hitchhike TV (also known as HTV) is a news website. Originating as Brisbane community television channel Briz 31, the service became available on 28 February 2017 as the station's terrestrial broadcasting went offline but started serving news through their website to the viewers.

History

1994–February 2017: Brisbane community television

Brisbane's first community television channel was formed by Wes Tatters, Ric Adams, Simon Bunker, Ben Morrisson and Cait Spreadborough. The station began broadcasting a two-week test transmission in 1992 during the opening of South Bank Parklands, under the name Briz TV. During the broadcast week many different formats produced by the members went to air. Along with live footage from the opening of South Bank, member-produced formats included a variety show On the Bed with Simon and Karen where guests were invited to a studio in their pyjamas and be interviewed by the hosts.

The following two years were spent lobbying the Australian Broadcasting Authority (ABA) for permission to broadcast on a full-time basis and developing a draft funding model for the organisation. At that time, there were no licence categories available except the experimental broadcasting category.

The station began broadcasting in the Brisbane area from Vulture Street Studios on 31 July 1994 as Briz 31 on analogue channel 31 (callsign CTQ-31) after an arrangement was struck with Telstra to provide broadcasting facilities at the ABQ-2 transmitter tower on Mount Coot-tha. With the lack of a marketing campaign to drive brand awareness at the time, many people confusingly called it "Bruce 31".

During Briz 31's early years daily programming consisted of Community Billboard, a text-based information service consisting of weather, local news and classifieds. Regular programming would begin from 4pm usually consisting of locally-produced content and public domain films. Notable programmes from this era included Crazy Crosswords, a crossword puzzle game show interlaced with self-aware humour and Tamara Tonite, a long-running variety show hosted by titular Brisbane drag queen which continued into 2004. As Briz 31 moved into the 2000s, regular programming eventually took up the channel's daytime slot and the station was successfully given a permanent broadcasting license by the ABA in 2004. A nightly news bulletin produced by the Queensland University of Technology's journalism school was broadcast on the channel, as well as current affairs programmes by Deutsche Welle.

To reflect its expansion into other parts of Queensland outside of Brisbane, the station was renamed Channel 31 in October 2006. In 2007 the station had a major transmitter upgrade, which allowed it to reach another 40% of viewers mainly in Ipswich and the surrounding areas. In July 2008 the station was renamed QCTV for "Queensland Community Television". In November 2009 the station announced their intent return to the "31" name and was renamed 31 QCTV before being renamed simply 31 in April 2010. The station had announced in March 2010 that after a long period of uncertainty it would begin broadcasting in digital by 7 June 2010, and upon launching on digital channel 44 (broadcast on 529.500 MH) on 7 June 2010, the station was renamed 31 Digital.

The station's analogue broadcast later ceased on 15 May 2011.

In September 2014, Australian federal communications minister Malcolm Turnbull announced that licensing for community television stations would end in December 2015. In September 2015, Turnbull, now Prime Minister, announced an extension of the deadline to 31 December 2016. The deadline was again extended to 30 June 2017 by Minister for Communications Mitch Fifield in December 2016.

Leading up to the various deadlines, 31 Digital, like other community television stations, moved operations online, and streamed its channel live on their website which allows access to viewers outside of its traditional broadcast area. 31 Digital ceased broadcasting on television at 11:59 pm on 28 February 2017. Days before 30 June 2017, the deadline was again extended to 31 December 2017 by Fifield, but 31 Digital had already ceased broadcasting.

March 2017–present: Online service
With the close of terrestrial broadcasting, the channel shifted its focus to online video on demand and reinvented itself as Queensland Online TV (also known as Q Online TV).

Sports discussion program The Commentary Box was released via Facebook on 27 February 2017 as the inaugural show under the new branding. The show featured three fans discussing the highlights of the previous week, with a Queensland focus.

In June 2018, the service was rebranded as Hitchhike TV, returning to a linear streaming service with the video on demand element removed. Hitchhike TV streamed legacy 31 Digital content from their website in short programming blocks with an announcement it would eventually become a 24-hour streaming service. However, the service was discontinued in 2020 with no official statement.

HTV Awards
The HTV AWARDS is an initiative by Hitchhike TV where individuals and organisations are awarded in a series of categories, each of which isolate a specific contribution to their industry. The standard awards list nominees in each category from which a winner is selected.

Programming

Produced in-house
 Crazy Crosswords (1994–1996)
 The Bike Show
 Clips 31
 Tamara Tonite
 Art Studio
 The Boat Show
 The Late Nite Show with Scott Black
 This Town Brisbane
 The Storyteller (1995–1996)
 Community Billboard (1994–2002)
 The Commentary Box (2017)

Other programming
 Hot Dog with the Lot
 Harness Racing
 Underground Sounds
 4WDTV
 Queensland Pro Wrestling
 QUT News – a news bulletin produced by Queensland University of Technology
 My Autistic Brother – A show created to raise autistic awareness

Identity history
31 Digital
 1994–1999: Getting Together
 2006–2008: Your local television
 2008–2009: Queensland's Only Community Television Station
 2010–2017: Your stories... Your station
Queensland Online TV
 2017–2018: Q Online. Local. Always.
Hitchhike TV
 2018–2020: Locally Sourced. Crafted with Love.

See also

 Community television in Australia
 Television broadcasting in Australia

References

External links

 31 Digital website (archived site)
 31 Digital History
 Campaign to go digital
 Couriermail article
 ABC blog article
 ACMA search for broadcasters
 Brisbane Digital TV channels

English-language television stations in Australia
Australian community television
Television stations in Brisbane
Television channels and stations established in 1994
Australian companies established in 2017
Defunct video on demand services
Video on demand services
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2017
Australian companies disestablished in 2020
Television stations in Queensland


was a Japanese pop rock band that formed in Okinawa, Japan, in 2007 and disbanded in 2012. The three-girl band consisted of Aimi Haraguni (lead vocals and guitar), Nohana Kitajima (bass guitar), and Shiho Yamanoha (drums). They were signed to the Sony Records music label. The band released 11 singles and three studio albums.

Members

Born: September 4, 1990
Hometown: Naha, Okinawa, Japan
Guitar: Fender 60's Telecaster Candy Apple Red

Born: September 16, 1989
Hometown: Shimabara, Nagasaki, Japan
Bass guitar: Fender Deluxe Active P Bass Black

Born: October 18, 1990
Hometown: Nago, Okinawa, Japan

History

2007–2010
Before their major debut, the band was named Mixbox. Under that name, the girls won the grand prize at the 2007 Young People Music Festival. Later, they renamed the band Stereopony and took part in the 2008 Okinawa Sound Stage with the song , which was supposed to be released as their debut single on September 24, 2008, but was canceled. The band gained their first opportunity on the Japanese rock radio program School of Lock!.

Their major debut was officially announced in June 2008. Their song "Hitohira no Hanabira" was the 17th ending theme for the anime series Bleach. The single was released on November 5, 2008. It ranked No. 25 on the Oricon weekly singles chart and won second place in Rocochoku's Newcomer Competition in the same month. Their second single was "Namida no Mukou", released on February 11, 2009, which was used as the second opening theme for the second season of the Mobile Suit Gundam 00 anime series. Their third single, "I Do It", is a collaboration with fellow Sony Music Japan singer Yui, and was released on April 22, 2009. Yui's musical producer, Hisashi Kondo, produced and directed the single.

On March 21, 2009, the band performed at SXSW 2009 in Austin, Texas, as part of the Japan Nite event. A few months later, Stereopony released their debut album, Hydrangea ga Saiteiru. It debuted at No. 7 on the Oricon weekly album chart. The song "Seishun ni, Sono Namida ga Hitsuyou da!" from the album was featured in a Japanese Lipton iced tea TV commercial. Shortly after, the band went on their first tour, A Hydrangea Blooms. Along with the tour goods, there were 50 signed Score Band books in each venue for purchase. In August 2009, Stereopony released their fourth single, "Smilife". "Smilife" was used as the theme song for the 2009 anime film Yatterman: Shin Yatter Mecha Daishūgō! Omocha no Kuni de Daikessen da Koron!. Their fifth single, "Tsukiakari no Michishirube", was released on November 4, 2009. "Tsukiakari no Michishirube" was the opening theme to the 2009 anime series Darker than Black: Ryūsei no Gemini. It was their second single to reach the top ten Oricon singles chart, peaking at No. 8. Stereopony's sixth single, "Hanbunko", was released on September 17, 2010; "Hanbunko" is a cover originally released by Bivattchee in 2002. Stereopony's seventh single, "Over Drive", was released on May 12, 2010, and was used for the opening theme for the Japanese drama Pro Golfer Hana.

In June 2010, Stereopony released their second studio album, Over The Border, and performed at AnimeNEXT, the first anime convention the band performed at in the United States. Over The Border was released on June 9, 2010, and ranked No. 12 on Oricon. Stereopony's national tour, Stereopony TOUR 2010 'Over The Border''' (which was planned to start on July 26), was postponed due to Shiho's aggravated tendinitis. Their eighth single, "Chiisana Mahō", was released on December 8, 2010, and the title song was used as the first opening theme for the anime Tegami Bachi: Reverse.

2011–2012
On January 14, 2011, fellow all-girl rock band and label mate Scandal announced on their official Twitter account that Stereopony and Scandal would be performing at Shibuya-AX with supporting acts from ByeByeBoy, Cossami and Hi-Lab. This collaboration, , was scheduled for March 11, 2011. However, due to the "2011 Tōhoku earthquake", the performance was postponed to June 26, 2011. Stereopony performed at Anime Boston 2011 as special guests at the Hynes Convention Center on April 23. They played a wide selection of songs from both albums and their latest single, as well as a cover of Green Day's "American Idiot". Shortly after returning from their appearance at Anime Boston, the group announced they would be providing the theme song to the 2011 film . Stereopony attended a press release event for the upcoming film, for which they are providing the theme song.

Stereopony collaborated with the band Kariyushi58 to produce the single , released on August 10, 2011. Stereopony contributed the song  on the Zone tribute album , released on August 10, 2011; "Akashi" is a cover of Zone's 2002 single. On July 16, 2011, Aimi officially started an Ameblo blog. The band's tenth single, , was released on September 28, 2011. The music video for "Arigatō", released on September 1, 2011, features film actor Hiroshi Abe; he is also on the cover of the version B release of the single. Stereopony released their third studio album, More! More!! More!!!, on December 7, 2011. Their song "I Am A Hero" from the album was featured as the third ending theme of Pokémon Smash!.

Their 11th single, "Stand By Me", was released on May 30, 2012; the title song was used as the ending theme of Eureka Seven: AO. Stereopony attended as special guests for Anime Festival Asia: Indonesia 2012. Stereopony contributed the song "Again" on the Yui tribute album She Loves You, released on October 24, 2012; "Again" is a cover of Yui's 2009 single. After the band took a one-month break during Aimi's throat polyp surgery, the members decided to disband in October 2012. Their 12th and final single  was released as the split single "Just Rock With Me / Namida Nante Mishite Yannai". "Just Rock With Me" is the debut single of Evanpony, a band consisting of the members of Stereopony and Evan Taubenfeld. A compilation album titled Best of Stereopony was released on November 21, 2012. Stereopony's farewell concert was at Akasaka Blitz in Tokyo on December 27, 2012.

Discography

Studio albums
 (2009)Over The Border (2010)More! More!! More!!! (2011)

Compilation albumBest of Stereopony'' (2012)

References

Further reading

External links
Official website
Stereopony's blog
Stereopony's former blog
Stereopony staff blog
Aimi's personal blog

All-female bands
Gr8! Records artists
Japanese pop rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups disestablished in 2012
Musical groups from Okinawa Prefecture
Japanese musical trios
Sony Music Entertainment Japan artists


The Luscombe 10 was a single-seat sport aircraft built in the United States in 1945. It was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed, tailwheel landing gear, designed for aerobatics. The wings, tail unit, and engine section were all adapted from the Luscombe 8, while the fuselage center section was an all-new design, relocating the Model 8's wings from a high to low position.

Despite promising results from flight testing, Luscombe ultimately felt that there was not a sufficient market for the type, and development was halted almost immediately. The sole prototype (registration NX-33337) was destroyed in 1948 for tax reasons.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1940s United States sport aircraft
10
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945


Alexander Mattock Thompson (9 May 1861 – 25 March 1948), sometimes credited as A. M. Thompson, was a German-born English journalist and dramatist.  From the 1880s, Thompson wrote for socialist newspapers and journals, co-founding The Clarion in 1891.  He became an important librettist of Edwardian musical comedies in the early 20th century.

Biography
Thompson was born in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden (now in Germany), of English parents.  When he was five years old, the family moved to Paris, where he was educated at the Lycée Saint-Louis.

Thompson began a career as a journalist in Manchester, England, writing for several papers in the 1880s and meeting the socialist writer Robert Blatchford, who would become his lifelong friend.  In 1891, with capital of only £400, Thompson, Blatchford and others founded the socialist newspaper The Clarion in Manchester, which was important in promoting the Labour Party. The editors' views were much influenced by the writings of William Morris.  In addition to writing on social topics, Thompson wrote theatre criticism, travel articles and on other subjects under the pseudonym 'Dangle'.  The Clarion's life was always precarious, but among its successes was a series of articles by Blatchford, collected in a volume entitled Merrie England, dedicated to Thompson. It was said that for every convert to socialism made by Das Kapital there were a hundred made by Merrie England.

Thompson's first professional works for the stage in the late 1890s were scripts for pantomimes written for Robert Courtneidge, who was then the manager of the Prince's Theatre in Manchester.  Thompson then collaborated with Courtneidge on many of his libretti.

Thompson then turned to Edwardian musical comedies, revising the libretto of Walter Ellis's The Blue Moon (1905) after Ellis's death.  He next supplied the text for Courtneidge's The Dairymaids (1906 at the Apollo Theatre), which became internationally successful.  In 1907, Thompson and Courtneidge adapted Henry Fielding's Tom Jones as a comic opera with music by Edward German, also at the Apollo.  Two years later, at the Shaftesbury Theatre, he collaborated on the hit musical The Arcadians, one of the most famous and enduring musicals of its era.

In 1911, Thompson wrote a book describing his travels in Germany, Russia, China, Spain and, especially, Japan, entitled Japan for a Week, Britain Forever, published by J. Lane.  The Manchester Guardian commented that the book "revealed his powers both as a stylist and as a keen observer."

Thompson returned to writing for the stage with an original book for a Japanese-set musical romance, The Mousmé (1911, Shaftesbury), but this flopped.  Collaborating again with Courtneidge, he adapted the composer Leo Fall's operetta Der liebe Augustin as Princess Caprice (1912, Shaftesbury).  Other works with Courtneidge followed, but none of these found an audience.  In 1916, his revusical set in ancient Rome called Oh, Caesar! played with some success in Edinburgh, Scotland.  The Rebel Maid in 1921, a return to light opera with Courtneidge, played 114 London performances at the Empire Theatre. A 1924 play was The Bohemians produced by Courtneidge.

During World War I and afterwards, Thompson wrote many articles for the Weekly Dispatch concerning the Labour movement, the condition of the poor and other social topics.  He also wrote for the Daily Mail and later the News Chronicle and The Manchester Guardian.  In 1937, he published an autobiography, Here I Lie - The Memorial of an Old Journalist.

Thompson died in London at the age of 86.

Notes

References
Thompson, Alexander M. Here I Lie, Routledge, London, 1937
Gänzl, Kurt.  The British Musical Theatre, Oxford University Press, 1986

External links
Links to information about Thompson publications
"Socialist Extol Times View of War", The New York Times, 21 December 1914
Spartacus: The Clarion
Photos from a 1926 production of The Rebel Maid

English male journalists
English musical theatre librettists
English non-fiction writers
English socialists
1861 births
1948 deaths
Journalists from Manchester
Lycée Saint-Louis alumni
English male dramatists and playwrights
People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
British expatriates in France


You are Christ is a prayer to Jesus attributed to Augustine of Hippo, in the 4th or 5th century. The title of the prayer is reminiscent of the statement of Saint Peter to Jesus: "You are the Christ" (; ).

The prayer has three parts. The first part is a list of titles and salutations to Jesus. The second part involves a set of conversational questions. The third part is a list of petitions to Jesus.

Words of the prayer
You are Christ,
my Holy Father,
my Tender God,
my Great King,
my Good Shepherd,
my Only Master,
my Best Helper,
my Most Beautiful and my Beloved,
my Living Bread,
my Priest Forever,
my Leader to my Country,
my True Light,
my Holy Sweetness,
my Straight Way,
my Excellent Wisdom,
my Pure Simplicity,
my Peaceful Harmony,
my Entire Protection,
my Good Portion,
my Everlasting Salvation.

Christ Jesus, Sweet Lord,
why have I ever loved,
why in my whole life
have I ever desired anything except You,
Jesus my God?
Where was I when I was not in spirit with You?
Now, from this time forth,
do you, all my desires, grow hot,
and flow out upon the Lord Jesus:
run... you have been tardy until now;
hasten where you are going;
seek Whom you are seeking.
O, Jesus may he who loves You
not be an anathema;
may he who loves You
not be filled with bitterness.

O, Sweet Jesus,
may every good feeling that is fitted for Your praise,
love You, delight in You, adore You!
God of my heart,
and my Portion, Christ Jesus,
may my heart faint away in spirit,
and may You be my Life within me!
May the live coal of Your Love
grow hot within my spirit
and break forth into a perfect fire;
may it burn incessantly on the altar of my heart;
may it glow in my innermost being;
may it blaze in hidden recesses of my soul;
and in the days of my consummation
may I be found consummated with You!

Amen.

References

Citations

Sources

Works by Augustine of Hippo
Roman Catholic prayers


Sadie Farrell (fl. 1869) was an alleged semi-folklorish American criminal, gang leader and river pirate known under the pseudonym Sadie the Goat.

Criminal career
She is believed to have been a vicious street mugger in New York's "Bloody" Fourth Ward. Upon encountering a lone traveler, she would headbutt like a charging goat a man in the stomach, and her male accomplice would hit the victim with a slungshot and then rob him. Sadie, according to popular underworld lore, was engaged in a long-time feud with a tough, six-feet-tall female bouncer known as Gallus Mag, who finally bit off Sadie's ear in a bar fight, as Mag was known to do, albeit usually with male trouble-makers.

Folklore has it that, leaving the area in disgrace, she ventured to the waterfront area in West Side Manhattan. It was while wandering the dockyards in the spring of 1869 that she witnessed members of the Charlton Street Gang unsuccessfully attempting to board a small sloop anchored in mid-river. Watching the men being driven back across the river by a handful of the ship's crew, she offered her services to the men and became the gang's leader. Within days, she engineered the successful hijacking of a larger sloop  and, with "the Jolly Roger flying from the masthead", she and her crew reputedly sailed up and down the Hudson and Harlem Rivers raiding small villages, robbing farm houses and riverside mansions, and occasionally kidnapping men, women, and children for ransom. She was said to have made several male prisoners "walk the plank".

She and her men continued their activities for several months and stashed their cargo in several hiding spots until they could be gradually disposed of through fences and pawn shops along the Hudson and East Rivers. By the end of the summer, the farmers had begun resisting the raids, attacking landing parties with gunfire. The group abandoned the sloop and Sadie returned to the Fourth Ward, where she was now known as the "Queen of the Waterfront". She then claimed to have made a truce with Gallus Mag, who returned Sadie's ear. Mag had displayed it in a pickled jar in the bar. Sadie kept the ear in a locket and wore it around her neck for the rest of her life.

See also
Charlton Street Gang
Daybreak Boys
Gallus Mag
George Gastlin (Steamboat Squad)
Hell-Cat Maggie
Hook Gang
Patsy Conroy
Patsy Conroy Gang
River pirate

References

Further reading
Lorimer, Sara. Booty: Girl Pirates on the High Seas. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2001;
Sifakis, Carl. The Dictionary of Historic Nicknames: A Treasury of More Than 7,500 Famous and Infamous Nicknames from World History. New York: Facts on File Publications, 1984;

19th-century American criminals
American robbers
American female gangsters
American female pirates
American pirates
American gangsters of Irish descent
Gang members of New York City
People whose existence is disputed
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
19th-century pirates


Hobo Day is the homecoming celebration for South Dakota State University. It is usually celebrated in October. 2012 marked the 100th Anniversary of Hobo Day. The Hobo Day parade has been canceled just three times: once during World War I, a second time in 1942 during World War II, and a third in 2020 due to COVID-19.

Origin of Hobo Day

The origin of Hobo Day can be traced back to 1907. A sequence of events occurred that spurred the homecoming celebration that is celebrated today.

In the fall of 1907, SDSU (then South Dakota State College) played Dakota Wesleyan at home in Brookings, South Dakota. The students, hungry for a win, participated in a "Nightshirt Parade" to stir up enthusiasm for the upcoming game. The men dressed in their nightshirts and women dressed in sheets. The students continued the tradition every homecoming day until in 1911, when the college administration deemed it undignified and un-ladylike for women to dress up in sheets and wander the streets. As a result, the homecoming tradition was ended and a new one needed to form.

A student by the name of R. Adams Dutcher brought up a concept he had seen attempted at the University of Missouri that had students dress up as hobos and bums that was ultimately dropped from their homecoming celebrations for various reasons. Without a real event to partake in during homecoming, the concept took wing with much enthusiasm from the student body.

The first Hobo Day occurred November 2, 1912. The men were to grow beards for approximately one month and the women were to dress as Indian maidens on Hobo Day. After all the preparation was complete, the entire student body participating in Hobo Day journeyed to the train station to meet the opposing football team. According to the student newspaper, "The onlooker could not have told whether he was in an 1849 Indian village or a Twentieth Century division point on the Northwestern railroad." The new homecoming celebration was a huge success and is still currently in place.

Parade

The Hobo Day parade also included floats built by students that drove down the main street. During the 1940s and 50s, the floats were described as "enormous and spectacular." Due to safety concerns and collapsing floats due to their enormous size, the floats were built smaller and to more manageable proportions. One particular float that caused a sharp decline in float building was a large elaborate float that had an outhouse on the back containing a student with his pants around his ankles on the toilet. After several newspapers in the region declared SDSU students as "vulgar," the college shied away from obscene and large floats.

The parade is led by a notable alumni or dignitary selected as grand marshal by the Grand Pooba, who is the head of the Hobo Day Committee.

Bummobile

The parade is ended by the Grand Pooba riding through on the historic Bummobile with the rest of the Hobo Day Committee. For seven decades, the Bummobile has led the Hobo Day Parade past the Campanile along Medary Avenue. Otherwise, with the exception of a select number of summer parades and SDSU events, the 1912 Ford Model T remains displayed in a large glass encasing in the Hobo Day Gallery, a Hobo Day showcase room in the SDSU University Student Union, built in 2010. The year of the Bummobile (1912) is significant because it marks the celebration of the first Hobo Day. The Bummobile has been the lead entry in every Hobo Day parade since 1938, with the exception of 1942, when Hobo Day and classes were canceled so students could help with the World War II effort. The Bummobile was donated in 1938 by Frank Weigel, a farmer from Flandreau, S.D. The Model T has shepherded homecoming grand poobas, parade grand marshals and U.S. president-elect, Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Former Grand Pooba Sara French said a series of problems has arisen in recent years. The Bummobile has started on fire; a tire has fallen off and the brakes have given out. The car had to be pushed through the parade route in 2006. That has prompted French and the Hobo Day Committee to launch an effort to repair and restore the Bummobile. In 2009, the Bummobile was shipped off to California for a whole year to be restored and repaired, and ever since it runs with minimal problems.5

Hobo Day riots

In 1990, students and people in Brookings for the event grew agitated after a cold, damp week and created what came to be known at the Hobo Day Riots.

People poured from house parties and congregated at areas on and off campus. A bonfire was started and when a KSFY news vehicle from the Sioux Falls station arrived with a crew to cover the rowdy celebration, students went from jumping over the fire and showing off for the camera to rocking and eventually overturning the station wagon.

Parade barricades were burned, light poles and street signs damaged and an SDSU campus police car was vandalized. Nine men were eventually charged with offenses and Hobo Day's future was in question, according to university officials.

Large house parties were banned and the Hobo Day Committee apologized.

Recent Hobo Day themes and Grand Poobas

 2000 - Hobos in Camelot
 2001 - Hobostock
 2002 - Operation: Hobo Day
 2003 - Traditions: Hobo Day
 2004 - Hobos Under Construction
 2005 - Luck of the Hobos
 2006 - Hobos on the Prairie
 2007 - 007 Hobos Never Die
 2008 - Hobos get Physical
 2009 - Hobos Save the Day
 2010 - Peace, Love and Hobos
 2011 - Night of the Living Hobos
 2012 – 100 years of Hobo - Abby Settje Rogers
 2013 - The Tradition Lives On - Casey Janisch
 2014 - Never Stop Wandering - Scottie DesLauriers
 2015 - Always an Adventure - Paul Dybedahl
 2016 - Living the Legacy - Corey Chicoine
 2017 - Homeward Bound - Anna Chicoine
2018 - Together in the Tradition - Miranda Mack
 2019 - Wander On - Jeanette Klein
 2020 - Rooted at the Rails - Kylee Donnelly
 2021 - Adventure Awaits - Marie Robbins

Current Hobo Day events

The events throughout the week, named Hobo Week, are facilitated by South Dakota State University's Hobo Day Committee (HDC). One of 17 coordinators selected to be on the HDC is the Grand Pooba. The Grand Pooba is in charge of selecting and maintaining a committee of students to plan, promote, and execute Hobo Week and Hobo Day.

Hobo Gear Prep Night: Students are invited to buy donated clothes for cheap prices to turn into their Hobo Gear, or bring their clothes are buy patches, buttons, and accessories to amp up their outfits.

One Month Club: Males grow their beards out and females grow out their leg hair the month leading up to Hobo Day. Men's categories include longest, fullest, patchiest and best attempt. Women's categories include longest, softest and roughest.

Six Month Club: Males grow their beards out and females grow out their leg hair for SIX months leading up to Hobo Day (April–October).

Paint the Town: Various businesses in Brookings volunteer to have their windows painted, each team is assigned a window to paint and a winner is chosen based on creativity, theme, and school spirit.

Rally at the Rails: This glorified pep fest takes place in downtown Brookings and features a live band, food, dancing, games, and other entertainment for students and community members to kick off Hobo Week in style.

Bum-A-Meal: Students sign up to participate in a meal one evening of the Hobo week. When they arrive for the event, they are given an address and go to eat at a home in the Brookings community.

MrMs Homelycoming: This event allows the male population to compete in a beauty pageant dressed as girls and the female population to compete dressed as guys. Talent and interview are some of the judged categories.

BumOver: Students are provided with cardboard and duct tape and build a "shanty" resembling a home, iconic buildings, or whatever they imagine!

Cavorts Talent Show: The student talent show takes place the Friday night before Hobo Day. Cavorts, which often sells out in advance, is held in the Performing Arts Center (PAC). The acts performing go through an audition process much earlier in the semester and are selected to perform in the show by student leaders. Once chosen, the acts compete for cash prizes at the actual event. Popular faculty and staff are often chosen to judge acts based on various attributes. In 2010, an audience-voted Fan Favorite prize was introduced to accompany the traditional judge-voted first, second, and third place prizes.

Hobo Day 5k: The morning of Hobo Day, there is a 5k sponsored by the local running group, Prairie Striders.

Bumfire: Traditionally, the Thursday night before the game, but now usually on the Tuesday night, students flock out to the "Backyard" for a large bonfire. The local fire department has a large presence at this event! A concert often occurs before or after the bonfire.

Events that have been discontinued:

Hobolympics: Teams from various campus organizations and residence halls compete in a variety of "hobo" athletics.

Residence Hall Lobby Decorating: Each of the residence halls on campus decorate their lobby, usually in full glory.

Hobo Day Gallery

The Bummobile is the inspiration for the Hobo Day Gallery located in the northwest corner of the Student Union.

The fully restored Bummobile is the centerpiece of the gallery which includes other Hobo Day memorabilia. The Hobo Day Committee helped develop the vision for the Hobo Day Gallery, which serves as a living gallery for students, alumni and visitors to reconnect and to share time-honored traditions of the past. The Class of 1958 took a leadership role in private fundraising for the project and an anonymous member of the Class of 1958 pledged $75,000 as a challenge match to spur donations.

In Fall 2011, a sculpture of Hobo Day icon Weary Wil with his ever-faithful dog, Spot, following him, was erected outside the north entrance to the University Student Union, near the glass windows showcasing the Bummobile in the Hobo Day Gallery. Following suit in 2013, a statue of Dirty Lil with her kitten Mittens was installed.

References

Further reading

South Dakota State University
Traditions by university or college in the United States
Brookings, South Dakota
Festivals in South Dakota
Tourist attractions in Brookings County, South Dakota


The Fosheim Peninsula is located in western Ellesmere Island, a part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Eureka, a permanent research community, is located on the north side of Slidre Fiord, a few kilometers east of Eureka Sound. While the peninsula was first sighted by the Arctic explorer Adolphus Greely in 1881, it was not explored until 1899 by Otto Sverdrup, who named it after Ivar Fosheim, a member of his expedition.

On December 24, 2013, CBC News reported that ancient Camel fossils had been found in a petrified forest of paleontological significance, on the peninsula.  Canada Coal had been considering proposing exploitation of coal reserves in the region, and said it would take the fossil riches into account in a revised proposal.

References

Ellesmere Island
Peninsulas of Qikiqtaaluk Region


Highway M04 was a Ukraine international highway connecting Znamianka to Sorokyne on the border with Russia, where it continued into Russia as the A260.

In Soviet times the M04 was part of the M21. The highway stretched through four oblasts and ended at the Izvaryne-Donetsk border checkpoint which is part of Krasnodon city (Luhansk Oblast). The section from Znamianka to Debaltseve was part of European route E50, and the section from Debaltseve to the Russian border was part of European route E40. On 28 April 2021, the M04 was decommissioned and merged with the M12 to form the new M30.

War in Donbas
In eastern Ukraine, significant armed conflict has occurred along and near the M04 in the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts during the War in Donbass.

Route

Gallery

See also

 Roads in Ukraine
 Ukraine Highways
 International E-road network
 Pan-European corridors

References

External links
National Roads in Ukraine in Russian

European route E40
European route E50
Roads in Dnipro
Roads in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Roads in Donetsk Oblast
Roads in Kirovohrad Oblast
Roads in Luhansk Oblast


Jiangbei District () is a county-level district under the jurisdiction of Ningbo city in Zhejiang Province of the People's Republic of China. The district's total area is 209 square kilometers, which makes it the largest subdivision in the traditional urban area of Ningbo (namely Haishu, Jiangdong, and Jiangbei). Jiangbei District is famous for its historical sites such as the Old Bund, which oversaw the history of international trade of Ningbo, and Cicheng Town, an ancient town with a history more than 1000 years.

Geography
Jiangbei District lies in the middle of Ningbo Municipality, in south of Cixi city, east of Yuyao city and west of Zhenhai District. The Yong River separates Jiangbei from Haishu District and Yinzhou District. The district is 27 kilometers long from west to east, and 20 kilometers from north to south. Plains make up most of the lands in Jiangbei District, while in the north of the district, there are hills. Many rivers run through Jiangbei and empty into the Yong River. The district is rich in water resources.

History
Jiangbei District was founded in May 1951 after the foundation of People's Republic of China. However, the history of Jiangbei can be tracked back to Gouzhang(句章) City, which was built by Goujian, the king of the State of Yue. In the year 621, Gouzhang was separated into Yaozhou and Yinzhou. In the year 738, the land that now belongs to Jiangbei was in the area of Mao(鄮) County. In the year 738, Mingzhou was established and Mao County was separated into Cixi, Fenghua, Mao, and Wengshan. The western part of what was Jiangbei now belongs to Cixi County, and the eastern part belongs to Mao (and later Yin) County. In 809, Yin County was also separated into Wanghai County (currently Zhenhai District). From then on until 1951 the land that now belongs to Jiangbei was in the area of three different counties: Cixi, Yin, and Zhenhai.

After the foundation of the PRC, Jiangbei District was founded as well as another new district called Jiao District. In 1984, these two districts were merged into Jiangbei District.

Administrative regions
The district administers seven street offices and one town.

Street offices: Zhongma Street, Baisha Street, Kongpu Street, Wenjiao Street, Yongjiang Street, Zhuangqiao Street, and Hongtang Street.

Town: Cicheng.

Economy
Jiangbei Industrial Zone is an important area of manufacture in Ningbo. Plastic mechanics, dies, and automobile parts are products in massive manufacture in Jiangbei. The district is also featured by its non-ferrous metal industry and shipping.

Culture and tourism
Jiangbei District is rich in history and culture. Cicheng Town was famous for its long history. It was the political center of Cixi County from the Tang dynasty until the foundation of the PRC, hence many historic buildings were kept as they were.

The Old Bund beside Yong River was constructed in 1844, earlier than the famous Shanghai Bund. It oversaw the history when Ningbo opened to foreign trade in 1844 and was characterized by European-styled offices, cathedrals and streets.

Built during the Northern Song dynasty, Baoguo Temple is the second oldest Buddhist temple in south China.

Education
 Ningbo University
 Ningbo University of Technology

Famous people
Tan Jiazhen
Feng Jicai
Ing Chang-ki
Zhou Xinfang

References

External links
(Chinese)Geography of Jiangbei
(Chinese)History of Jiangbei
(Chinese)Ningbo Old Bund
(Chinese)Industry advantages of Jiangbei

Geography of Ningbo
Districts of Zhejiang


BK Gulbenes Buki, formerly known as ASK/Buki, is a Latvian basketball team participating in the Latvian Basketball League second division.

Achievements
Best achievements in the domestic league:
3rd place in 1998–99 season
3rd place in 2000–01 season
3rd place in 2001–02 season
3rd place in 2002–03 season
2nd place in 2005–06 season

Notable former players
 Agris Galvanovskis
 Mārtiņš Skirmants
 Ivars Timermanis
 Kaspars Cipruss
 Kristaps Purnis
 Pāvels Veselovs
 Raimonds Gabrāns
 Ingus Bankevics

Bk Gulbenes Buki
Basketball teams in Latvia


Zion Memorial Chapel, now known as St. Nicholas-on-the-Hudson, is an historic Carpenter Gothic style Episcopal church building located at 37 Point Street in New Hamburg, New York, United States. It was built in 1902 as a chapel of nearby Zion Church in Wappingers Falls and became a separate parish in 1983.

The small wooden church building overlooks the nearby Hudson River. It was built in the early 20th century in a late interpretation of the Gothic Revival architectural style. For that reason it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Building
The church is a one-story frame structure on a brick foundation. It takes a form common to late 19th-century rural churches, with a main block housing the sanctuary and projecting pavilions housing the front vestibule and altar. It is sided in brown-stained wood shingles. The steeply-pitched cross-gabled roof is covered in slate with a belfry. Its ridges end in jerkin heads with a metallic wave-shaped finial. At the eaves the roof flares into soffits decorated with scroll-sawn rafter ends and brackets. The front entranceway also has decorative bracework.

On either side there is, in the middle of the cross-gable, a group of three narrow Gothic-arched windows. They are filled with translucent leaded glass bordered by stained glass. On the rear, over the altar, is a stained-glass window in a rosette pattern.

The church's interior has not been altered since its construction. It is finished entirely in plaster, with two four-globed gasoliers hanging from the ceiling. Two sets of unpainted wooden pews are divided by a center aisle. An all-purpose room in the basement serves as the vicar's office and storage space.

History
When the Zion Episcopal Church of Wappingers Falls was founded in 1876, its parish included nearby New Hamburg. Two of its congregants, William Henry Willis and his wife Adele Satterlee, pushed for the construction of the chapel around 1900 to serve residents in the latter community. Satterlee, who was also a close relative of Zion's rector, pushed for the church commission to be given to her nephew Edward Lansing Satterlee. Following President William McKinley's assassination in 1901, contributions to the building fund rose and it was decided to add "Memorial" to the chapel's name.

No significant alterations have been made to the building since it opened in 1902. It was maintained jointly by laypeople and clergy until 1983, when it became its own parish. As of 2008 its congregation has about 40–50 members. It is the only institutional building in New Hamburg still used for its original purpose.

Aesthetics
The Gothic Revival style had largely been discarded for new churches in the United States by the turn of the 20th century, as the newer Romanesque Revival became the preferred. Satterlee's design therefore represents the final stage of its evolution, begun with the ideas of the American Ecclesiological Movement in the 1840s.

Its most prominent Gothic Revival features are the cross-gabled roof, lancet windows, and the plaster and unpainted wood of the interior. However, Satterlee incorporated some aspects of later 19th-century trends as well. The cross-bracing on the vestibule porch and the use of shingled siding suggest the Stick and Shingle styles respectively. The textural contrast of the brick, wood and slate exterior surfaces and the flaring rakeboards presage touches that became more common in the 20th century.

References

External links
St. Nicholas-on-the-Hudson website
 St. Nicholas on the Hudson: unofficial website 2000, accessed July 2, 2011

Episcopal church buildings in New York (state)
Carpenter Gothic church buildings in New York (state)
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Churches completed in 1902
Christian organizations established in 1983
New Hamburg, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Dutchess County, New York
Churches in Poughkeepsie, New York


Jan Prandota (c. 1200 – 20 September 1266) was bishop of Kraków from 1242 to his death in 1266.

He was member of the Odrowąż family.

Prandota is recorded as having driven the Flagellants from his diocese, and was influential in achieving the canonization of Stanislaus of Szczepanów, whose relics he translated to Wawel Cathedral in 1245.

As part of an attempt in the 15th century by Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki to expand the cult of Saint Stanislaus, the tomb of Prandota was "miraculously and conveniently rediscovered" in Wawel Cathedral in 1454, lists of Prandota's miracles were recorded, and pilgrimages to the newly discovered burial site were encouraged. This veneration ceased in the 17th century, due to what the Catholic Encyclopedia called a misinterpretation of the 1634 bull De cultu servorum Dei of Urban VIII.

References

1200 births
1266 deaths
Bishops of Kraków
13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Poland
Odrowąż family


Purbi Joshi (born 19 August 1974) is an Indian television actress and voice-dubbing actress who speaks Hindi, comedian, performer and anchor of television shows.

Biography
Purbi Joshi is a daughter of actors Pravin Joshi and Sarita Joshi. She is a sister of Ketki Dave.

Television career
In 1995, Purbi got her first break in the television show Faasle.

Purbi started her career as a model in commercials for brands like Happy Dent chewing gum, Nirma Washing Powder, and Thompson Television. She did lead role in Doordarshan TV series Dishayein. She did double role of twin sisters.

In 2008, she participated in Mr. & Miss TV, a celebrity talent competition which she won and was declared "Miss TV".  She is most well known for her association with the Comedy Circus. Purbi hosted several seasons of Comedy Circus and performed as a member of the principal cast.  Purbi was also a part of MTV India's first spoof film of the Bollywood franchise Dhoom in the television movie, Ghoom.

She appeared as a Gujarati Indian American working family lady in Metro Park.

Bollywood career
She was also part of an ensemble cast in the independent film Dasvidaniya released in 2008. She made her major movie debut role in 2011 as the lead actress in Damadamm! on the big screen opposite Himesh Reshammiya, also lending her voice to the song, "Umrao Jaan" in the movie.

Filmography

Films

Television shows

Web series

References

External links

 India Today
 The first web-site of the Indian serial Dishayen
 Purbi Joshi - Bio (interview)
 Purbi Joshi - Bio (Russian Version)

Indian television actresses
Indian voice actresses
Living people
Actresses from Mumbai
Actresses in Hindi television
21st-century Indian actresses
1974 births


Lucrezia "Nannina" de' Medici (14 February 1448 – 14 May 1493), sometimes known by the longer name Lucrezia di Piero de' Medici including a patronymic, was the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. She was thus the elder sister of Lorenzo de' Medici. She married Bernardo Rucellai.

Life
Lucrezia de' Medici was born in Florence on 14 February 1448, the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. She was nicknamed Nannina, which had been the nickname of her great-grandmother Piccarda Bueri. She received a cultured and refined education.

In 1461, at the age of about 13, she was married to Bernardo Rucellai with a dowry of 2500 fiorini d'oro. Nannina was brought to her husband's house five years later, on 8 June 1466. The wedding feast was famous for its opulence: 500 guests were seated on a triangular dais which occupied the loggia and the whole of the piazza and the street in front of Palazzo Rucellai. The couple had five children, Cosimo, Piero, Palla, Giovanni and Lucrezia.

Nannina de' Medici died on 14 May 1493 and was buried in the Rucellai Chapel of the church of San Pancrazio in Florence.

References

Further reading
 Marcello Vannucci ([1999] 2006) Le donne di casa Medici. Roma: Newton Compton Editori,  (in Italian)

1448 births
1493 deaths
Nannina


The LVG C.V was a reconnaissance aircraft produced in large numbers in Germany during World War I.

Design and development
The C.V was a conventional two-bay biplane design of its day, with unstaggered wings of equal span and tandem, open cockpits for the pilot and observer. The ailerons, fitted only to the upper wing, featured aerodynamic balances that extended past the wingtips. The fuselage was a semi-monocoque construction skinned in wood.

Following the war, some C.Vs were used as civil transports, while some 150 machines captured by Polish forces were put to use by the Polish army. Other post-war users included Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia; together operating about 30 aircraft.

Operators

Luftstreitkrafte

Latvian Air Force - Postwar

Lithuanian Air Force - Postwar

Polish Air Force - used as a reconnaissance aircraft during Polish–Soviet War, then in postwar service

Imperial Russian Air Service - Postwar

Ottoman Air Force

Specifications

Notes

References

1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
C.V
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917

de:LVG C.V-VIII


Li Xian may refer to:
 Li Xian (Northern Zhou general) (502-569)
 Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (656–710), personal name Li Xian (李顯)
 Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia (r. 1226–1227), personal name Li Xian (李睍)
 Prince Zhanghuai (653–684), personal name Li Xian (李賢), Tang dynasty prince
 Li Chengqi (679–742), or Li Xian (李憲), Tang dynasty prince, son of Emperor Ruizong
 Li Xian (chancellor) (709–766; 李峴), Tang dynasty official
 Li Xian (Ming dynasty) (1408–1466; 李賢), Ming dynasty mandarin
 Li Xian (Xin dynasty) (李憲; died 30 AD), Xin dynasty general
 Li Xian (actor) (born 1991), Chinese actor

Places
Li County (disambiguation), also known as Li Xian


Scrumpox may refer to:
 Herpes gladiatorum
 Impetigo

Obsolete medical terms


This list of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty comprehensively shows alumni (graduates and attendees) or faculty members (professors of various ranks, researchers, and visiting lecturers or professors) affiliated with Princeton University who were awarded the Nobel Prize or the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. People who have given public lectures, talks or non-curricular seminars; studied as non-degree students; received honorary degrees; or served as administrative staff at the university are excluded from the list. Summer school attendees and visitors are generally excluded from the list, since summer terms are not part of formal academic years.

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Another prize, the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel" (commonly known as the Nobel Economics Prize), was established in 1968 (first awarded in 1969) by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.

As of October 2022, 79 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty. Among the 79 laureates, 44 are Nobel laureates in natural sciences; 23 are Princeton alumni (graduates and attendees) and 31 have been Princeton faculty members; and subject-wise, 29 laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, more than any other subject. In 2021, Princeton scholars and alumni received an unprecedented five Nobel Prizes.

Woodrow Wilson, the former president of Princeton University, was the first Princeton alumni to win the Nobel Prize, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Five Nobel Prizes (same subject in the same year) were shared by Princeton laureates: James Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics; Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics; David Gross and Frank Wilczek won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics; Thomas Sargent and Christopher Sims won the 2011 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics; David Card and Joshua Angrist won the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics; and Ben Bernanke and Philip Dybvig won the 2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. John Bardeen received two Nobel Prizes in Physics, in 1956 and in 1972; since this is a list of laureates, not prizes, he is counted only once.

Summary
All types of affiliations, namely alumni and faculty members, count equally in the following table and throughout the whole page.

In the following list, the number following a person's name is the year they received the prize; in particular, a number with asterisk (*) means the person received the award while they were working at Princeton University (including emeritus staff). A name underlined implies that this person has already been listed in a previous category (i.e., multiple affiliations).

Nobel laureates by category

Nobel laureates in Physics

Nobel laureates in Chemistry

Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics

Nobel laureates in Literature

Nobel Peace Prize laureates

See also
 List of Princeton University people
 List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation

Notes

References

External links
Honors & Awards

Princeton University
Nobel


Phantoms of the High Seas is the tenth album by dark ambient duo Nox Arcana. The theme of the album is pirate lore and stories of ghost ships. Instrumentation includes deep bass horns, pounding drums, string instruments, and narration by Joseph Vargo telling the tale of a doomed pirate vessel called The Tempest. The instrumentals are accompanied by sound effects that include a howling wind and the snap of sails, the sound of creaking as of a wooden boat left derelict at sea, an eerie yet alluring chorus like that of a siren calling sailors to their doom, male voices of the ship's crew as they call out to the beat of a dirge while rowing, and thunderous sounds of cannon fire.

In the spirit of Nox Arcana's ongoing quest to incorporate puzzles into their cd packaging, the album artwork contains a treasure map and several ciphers.

From the liner notes: "Hearken ye pirates and black-hearted sea dogs... Nox Arcana beckons ye to set sail upon the haunted seas where ghost ships prowl the misty dead of night and ancient treasure lies buried far below the endless waves. This epic soundscape explores the mysteries of the deep with dynamic orchestrations, ghostly melodies, pirate anthems and gothic choirs. Set a course for high adventure!"

The release date for this album coincides with Columbus Day.

Tracks
Music composed and performed by Joseph Vargo and William Piotrowski. Lyrics by Joseph Vargo.

 "Dead Men Tell No Tales" — 2:26
 "The High Seas" — 2:56
 "Edge of the World" — 4:21
 "Pirates" — 5:10
 "The Gallows Jig" — 1:50
 "Crossfire" — 3:00
 "Oblivion" — 3:00
 "Racing the Wind" — 4:15
 "Siren’s Call" — 2:33
 "Trove Island" — 3:23
 "Against the Storm" — 3:21
 "Lords of the Deep" — 2:27
 "Maelstrom" — 1:22
 "Out of the Mist" — 3:02
 "Still Waters" — 2:22
 "Black Sails" — 3:01
 "Fate of the Tempest" — 4:11
 "The Fog Rolls In" — 1:32
 "Widow’s Harbor" — 2:56
 "Ghost Ship" — 2:47
 "Skull and Crossbones" — 3:11 (+hidden track)

Notes
Vocals on "Fate of the Tempest" were performed by Ty Cook.

References

External links
 Nox Arcana's official website
[ Phantoms of the High Seas] at Allmusic

Nox Arcana albums
2008 albums


Susan Isabel Dacre (1844–1933), known as Isabel Dacre, was an English artist of the Victorian era.

Biography
She was born in Leamington, Warwickshire, and was educated at a convent school in Salford. For the decade of 1858–68 she lived in Paris, first attending school and later working as a governess. After a winter in Italy (1869), she returned to Paris, and was present during the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune. She returned to England in 1871 and began studying art at the Manchester School of Art, where she won the Queen's Prize in 1875. She began a lifelong friendship with fellow artist Annie Swynnerton; the two women pursued their art studies in Rome and Paris between 1874 and 1880.

Around 1872, Lord Leighton dictated notes and observations on his methods of painting and composing his pictures to Isabel Dacre, during a stay on the island of Capri.

Portraits and the Académie Julian

From 1877–80 she was in Paris at the Académie Julian with a fellow - pupil Marie Bashkirtseff and bracketed with her as first in the concourse mentioned in the famous diary.

Dacre was associated with Julian's atelier on two occasions:

1878–79 when she completed a striking black and white chalk drawing, Portrait of a Young Girl in a Satin Cap, ca. 1879, which is owned by the Andre Del Debbio Collection, Paris.

Later she accomplished several works that gained her entry to the Paris Salon. For example, her Salon entry in 1881 was a portrait:  Portrait of Mme. F.W.  (no 579.)
Manchester Art Gallery own a poignant oil painting Italian Women In Church. Throughout her career her portraits were admired in Italy, England and Paris.

After living in London for a time she returned to Manchester in 1883 and shared a studio in 10 King Street with the artist Mary Florence Monkhouse. After much campaigning by both Dacre and Monkhouse in 1897 Dacre was made a member of the council of the Manchester Academy of Fine Arts and Monkhouse was appointed auditor.

At the Royal Jubilee Exhibition, Manchester 1887 she had her work on display, and assisted Ford Madox Brown with the decoration of the exhibition's dome.

Women's suffrage campaigner
Dacre was a noted Women's suffrage campaigner. With Annie Swynnerton she founded the Manchester Society of Women Artists in 1876; Dacre also served as president of the organization. For a decade (1885–95), Dacre was a member of the executive committee of the Manchester National Society for Women's Suffrage.

Dacre's portrait of Lydia Becker is one of her best-known works.

References

Bibliography
Susan W Thomson, Manchester’s Victorian Art Scene And Its Unrecognised Artists, Manchester Art Press, 2007.

External links

 Susan Isabel Dacre page at AnnieLouisaSwynnerton.com Web site showing all known works.

1844 births
1933 deaths
19th-century English women artists
19th-century English painters
20th-century English women artists
20th-century English painters
Académie Julian alumni
English portrait painters
English suffragists
English women painters
People from Leamington Spa


Kierston Wareing (born 7 January 1976) is a British actress. Her first film role was the lead in Ken Loach's It's a Free World..., followed by a supporting role in Andrea Arnold's Fish Tank – which won the BAFTA award for ‘Best British Film’ and the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival.

Her television roles include miniseries The Runaway, The Take, Luther, and The Shadow Line. She is also known for her roles in EastEnders, Hollyoaks, Rise of the Footsoldier and two roles in The Bill as Faye Wareing.

Career
She starred in Ken Loach's film It's a Free World... as Angie, an ambitious recruitment agent. She has also played in Andrea Arnold's Fish Tank (2009) and Martina Cole's The Take. She has been nominated for one BAFTA award and three British Independent Film Awards.

She played the character Heather in Channel 4's Top Boy and joined the cast of BBC soap opera EastEnders in 2012, making her first appearance as Kirsty Branning on 25 December 2012. She left the show on 9 January 2014.

Wareing played Delilah in the television series The Bible in 2013. Wareing joined the cast of Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks in 2015 as villainess Ashley Davidson with her first episode airing on 7 September 2015. Ashley was killed by the unknown Gloved Hand Killer as part of a ten-month long storyline which saw the unknown assailant kill various villagers. Her last appearance was aired on 19 October 2015, during the 20th anniversary week of the show.

Filmography

References

External links

Yahoo Movies
Interview in The Independent
Article in The Daily Telegraph
From the official BAFTA website

Actresses from Essex
English film actresses
English soap opera actresses
English television actresses
Living people
People from Leigh-on-Sea
21st-century English actresses
1976 births


The list of points of interest in Kansas City, Missouri includes businesses, museums, historical monuments, and theme parks.

Arts

American Jazz Museum, in the 18th and Vine Historic District
Community Christian Church, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright with 1.2 billion candlepower "Spire of Light", open for tours, on the Plaza.
Crossroads Arts District, warehouse district with art galleries and restaurants.
Laugh-O-Gram Studio, Walt Disney's original cartoon studio in Kansas City. Now being renovated.
Thomas Hart Benton Home and Studio State Historic Site, regionalist painter's residence, with 13 original works of art on display.
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, encyclopedic collection of over 35,000 works of art. Open six days a week; admission is free.

Business
Hallmark Cards Tour, company history and interactive displays at headquarters in Crown Center complex.
Harley-Davidson factory tour, motorcycle manufacturer's Vehicle and Powertrain Operations plant tours.
Kansas City Board of Trade Tour.
Boulevard Brewing Company Tour, America's 7th largest craft brewer, manufacturing tour and beer tasting.

Historical buildings

Science City at Union Station, interactive science center, Gottlieb Planetarium, City Extreme Screen theater, and exhibitions.
Union Station, now with restaurants, shopping, and special shows.
Tiffany Castle, former home of Flavel B. Tiffany who founded the neighborhood of Tiffany Springs
City workhouse castle, a former city jail
Sheraton Kansas City Hotel at Crown Center, formerly a Hyatt & site of the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse

Memorial and landmark structures
Liberty Memorial, National World War I Museum, & Skywalk Memorial Plaza

Museums

Airline History Museum at Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport.
The Money Museum of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, with exhibits and tours of the multi-story cash vault.
Irish Museum and Cultural Center located in Kansas City's Union Station.
Kansas City Museum at Corinthian Hall, local area history and natural sciences museum in a Beaux-Arts mansion.
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the region's largest art museum, located near the Country Club Plaza (see below)
Arabia Steamboat Museum, artifacts and history of a sidewheel steamboat sunk in 1856, recovered in 1987-88, with interactive displays and tour.
The National Toy and Miniature Museum, formerly the Toy and Miniature Museum of Kansas City, is the largest collection of classic toys and fine-scale miniatures in the Midwest.
Trailside Center, a tourist center, museum, and community facility.  Items on display include exhibits of Civil War items related to the Battle of Westport as well as items related to the Santa Fe, Oregon, and California trails.  The center is staffed by volunteers.

Parks

Battle of Little Blue River site, Big Blue Battlefield Park, 63rd and Manchester Tfwy, American Civil War site.
Battle of Westport sites, one of the major battles of the American Civil War.
Ewing and Muriel Kauffman Memorial Garden, arboretum near Country Club Plaza
Hodge Park
Kansas City Zoo, 10th largest zoo in the United States, located in Swope Park.
Lakeside Nature Center, large, city-operated wildlife rescue and nature center with exhibits and woodland trails in Swope Park.
Loose Park, the third largest park in Kansas City, includes Rose Garden and Civil War markers from the Battle of Westport.
Swope Park, a 1,805-acre city park.
Shoal Creek Living History Museum, 20 authentic buildings from the 1800s; events, tours, and historical reenactments, in 1,000-acre Hodge Park
Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun amusement parks.

Shopping

Power & Light District, Kansas City's downtown entertainment district with clubs, bars, & restaurants.
Country Club Plaza, first shopping center designed to accommodate the automobile; boutiques, stores, and dining.
Crown Center shopping, entertainment, restaurant, and hotel complex.
Westport, historic district; restaurants, entertainment, and nightlife.
Zona Rosa, recent mixed-use development – retail, office and residential; shopping, restaurants, and entertainment.
City Market, large farmers' market in River Market district, where the original Town of Kansas was founded.
45th and State Line, antiques district with several stores and antique dealers.

Sports

Arrowhead Stadium, home of the Kansas City Chiefs
College Basketball Experience and National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame, next to the Sprint Center.
Kaufmann Stadium, home of the Kansas City Royals
Children's Mercy Park, home of Sporting Kansas City
Kemper Arena (now called Hy-Vee Arena), former home to the now defunct Kansas City Renegades of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League.
Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, in the 18th and Vine Historic District.

See also
List of museums in Kansas City, Missouri
Independence, Missouri, in the KC metro, includes the Truman Library.
Overland Park, Kansas, in the KC metro, includes the Overland Park Arboretum and Botanical Gardens and Deanna Rose Children's Farmstead.
Kansas City, Kansas includes Children's Mercy Park and the Rosedale World War I Memorial Arch.

References


Masoala is a genus of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae.

Masoala may also refer to:

Masoala, Madagascar, a village in North Madagascar, on the South coast of the Masoala Peninsula
Masoala Peninsula, in North Madagascar
Cape Masoala, the easternmost point of Madagascar
Masoala National Park, on the Masoala Peninsula

See also
Masoala fork-crowned lemur (Phaner furcifer)


IL-25 or IL 25 can refer to:
 Interleukin 25
 Illinois's 25th congressional district, an obsolete district
 Illinois Route 25


IL-26, IL 26, or IL26 may refer to:
 Interleukin 26
 Illinois's 26th congressional district, an obsolete district
 Illinois Route 26
 Ilyushin Il-26


AP-41 or Ap-41 may refer to :
 Ap-41 process, an obsolete colour reversal process used generally until 1983 for photographic films such as Agfa CT18
 Autopista AP-41, a proposed highway in central Spain
 USS Stratford (AP-41), a World War II U.S. Navy Stratford-class transport


IN-1, IN 1, or IN1 may refer to:

 Indiana's 1st congressional district
 Indiana State Road 1

See also


IN-6, IN 6, or IN6 may refer to:

 Indiana's 6th congressional district
 Indiana State Road 6


IN-7, IN 7, or IN7 may refer to:

 Indiana's 7th congressional district
 Indiana State Road 7


IN-9, IN 9, or IN9 may refer to:

 Indiana's 9th congressional district
 Indiana State Road 9


IN-10, IN 10, or IN10 may refer to:

 Indiana's 10th congressional district
 Indiana State Road 10


BK Valmiera, named Valmiera Ordo for sponsorship reasons, was a professional basketball club based in Valmiera, Latvia which played in the Latvian Basketball League and Baltic Basketball League. Since 2018 the club is on hiatus. In the 2015-2016 season finals, Valmiera Ordo won its first and only national championship, beating VEF Rīga in a seven-game series. Valmiera is a three-time LBL bronze medal winner, attaining the distinction in 2003, 2005, and 2013, with coach Varis Krūmiņš.

Valmiera is one of the main basketball centers in Latvia, providing talent for Latvian national teams, such as Dairis Bertāns, Dāvis Bertāns, Rolands Šmits, and Jānis Bērziņš.

History
The club was founded in 2001, but in the period prior there was a Valmiera team known as SK Valmiera, which is considered a precursor of this team. Also, the team has also been known by the names Valmiera-Rūjiena, Valmieras Piens, and Valmiera/Lāčplēša. The current Valmiera team is a three-time Latvian Basketball League bronze medal winner.

2015–16 season: Latvian league championship
Before the start of the season, BK Valmiera included the sponsor's name in the team's name, becoming Valmiera/Ordo. Head coach Ainars Zvirgzdins returned after a three-year absence. Hometown favorite Jānis Kaufmanis returned to the squad after a year in Spain. The biggest additions were Artūrs Bērziņš, sharpshooter Mārtiņš Laksa, and 2015 EuroBasket participant Haralds Kārlis.

The Latvian Basketball League season began on 30 September with Valmiera/Ordo beating reigning champions VEF Rīga on the road 79–75. Valmiera kept the winning streak alive for seven games before losing their first game, against BK Ventspils on 7 November by a score of 74–82 in an away game. Before that, on 21 October, the team took a chance on picking up veteran guard Armands Šķēle, giving him the opportunity to play professional basketball for the first time together with his younger brother Aigars Šķēle. Despite being at the top of the league in November and December, the team struggled. Lithuanian point guard Vytenis Čižauskas left the team because of limited minutes given by the coach. For the next couple of weeks, Gatis Melderis took command of the coaching position. The situation was difficult due to injuries. On 26 December, in Liepāja, Valmiera/Ordo could field only an eight-player roster, but in the 44th game, the second team captain Haralds Kārlis injured his ACL, which took him out of basketball activities for a full year. Valmiera/Ordo lost that game 87–91.

After New Year's came, more changes were made with the team. In the center position, Valmiera/Ordo added Lauris Blaus. On 15 January, Roberts Štelmahers became the third head coach of the team in the same season. Štelmahers' debut came a day later, against his former team BK Ventspils. In their home court, Valmiera/Ordo celebrated an 87-83 victory. In the next months, Valmiera added victories in the tournament table and incorporated veteran forward Akselis Vairogs and point guard Kwamain Mitchell into the team's roster.

In March, the Baltic Basketball League deciding games took place. During the regular season, Valmiera/Ordo finished with a record of 9–3 and second place in group A. At the playoffs stage, Valmiera defeated Estonian BC Tallinna Kalev (171–134) and Lithuanian BC Pieno žvaigždės (161–149). Before the semi-finals, the team's goal was to win a medal in the Baltic league competition for the first time in club's history but it did not come to pass. In the semi-finals, Valmiera was forced to admit University of Tartu's superiority (132–143). In the bronze series against BC Lietkabelis Valmiera could not hold on to the first-game 16 point lead, suffering a defeat in a two-game summary of 154–160.

Meanwhile in the Latvian league, Valmiera/Ordo finished the regular season with a 13 game winning streak, beating its main rivals in the top of the tournament's table. Finishing regular season with 30–6, Valmiera took the top spot on end table and first seed in the playoffs. In the semifinals, Valmiera/Ordo rolled over Liepāja/Triobet winning the series 3–0. Valmiera's opponent in the championship finals was the four-time champions and reigning Latvian trophy holders VEF Rīga. The finals began on 21 March. Valmiera/Ordo lost the first game at home with a score of 59–70, but in the second match Valmiera took the victory 73–71. On the road Valmiera went with a draw 1–1. In the Arēna Rīga, Valmiera took Game 3 with a score of 79–70, but in Game 4 VEF Rīga aligned series result 2–2 (with a score of 77–82). The fifth game, in 27 March came back to Valmiera. The visitors managed to pull away the victory, putting themselves one victory away from the title (76–85). But Valmiera/Ordo was not ready to surrender. In Game-6 Valmiera/Ordo took away the victory 82–77. In the final game on March 31, Valmiera/Ordo pleased the crowd at a sold-out home game by securing the victory 79–70. Taking the series with a win of 4–3 Valmiera/Ordo celebrated its first National title in Valmiera city sports history.

LBL finals MVP award winner was Artūrs Bērziņš (season stats: 9.8 ppg, 4,1 rpg). Between team leaders was Aigars Šķēle (10.5 ppg, 4.0 asp), Mārtiņš Laksa (10.3 ppg, 4.3 rpg), Armands Šķēle (9.5 ppg, 4.0 rpg) and Jānis Kaufmanis (9.4 ppg).

Valmiera/Ordo championships depth chart

After the championship
After winning the Latvian championship, Valmiera/Ordo declined the option to play in the Basketball Champions League. Lead by head coach Uvis Helmanis the team's squad was still solid. The team's top scorers were Janis Kaufmanis, Mārtiņš Laksa and Artūrs Bērziņš. At the end of the season, one of the EuroLeague stars, D'or Fischer, was added to the team's roster. But things did not go Valmiera's way. In the 2016–17 Baltic Basketball League Valmiera/Ordo lost in the quarterfinals, while in the 2016–17 Latvian Basketball League the team lost in the bronze medal series. The team struggled financially during the last months of the season, which affected it in the upcoming season.

In the 2017–18 Latvian Basketball League the team finished in last position. The new head coach Kristaps Valters had only three proven players—Janis Kaufmanis, Viktors Iļjins and Edmunds Elksnis. The rest of the team was very young and the team lost most of its games, taking last position in the national championship and not making the 2017–18 Baltic Basketball League playoff tournament.

After the season, the club announced it would skip the 2019–2020 season and withdraw from all Latvian leagues for a year due to financial issues, saying that they would announce their next moves in July. The city of Valmiera is currently represented in Latvian basketball by the unrelated team BK Valmiera Glass/ViA.

Roster

Retired numbers

Current roster

Season by season

Notable players

 Dairis Bertāns
 Artūrs Bērziņš
 Jānis Bērziņš
 Kaspars Cipruss
 Edmunds Elksnis
 Ernests Kalve
 Jānis Kaufmanis
 Rinalds Sirsniņš
 Akselis Vairogs
 Pāvels Veselovs
 Māris Ziediņš
  D'Or Fischer
 Rashad Phillips
 Artūras Valeika
 Vladimir Štimac
 Blaž Črešnar

Notable coaches
 Ainars Bagatskis
 Roberts Štelmahers
 Varis Krūmiņš
 Ainars Zvirgzdiņš

References

External links
Official website

Basketball teams established in 2001
Basketball teams in Latvia
Valmiera


The P600 is an event-related potential (ERP) component, or peak in electrical brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG).  It is a language-relevant ERP component and is thought to be elicited by hearing or reading grammatical errors and other syntactic anomalies.  Therefore, it is a common topic of study in neurolinguistic experiments investigating sentence processing in the human brain.

The P600 can be elicited in both visual (reading) and auditory (listening) experiments, and is characterized as a positive-going deflection with an onset around 500 milliseconds after the stimulus that elicits it; it often reaches its peak around 600 milliseconds after presentation of the stimulus (hence its name), and lasts several hundred milliseconds.  In other words, in the EEG waveform it is a large peak in the positive direction, which starts around 500 milliseconds after the subject sees or hears a stimulus.  It is typically thought of as appearing mostly on centro-parietal electrodes (i.e., over the posterior part of the center of the scalp), but frontal P600s have also been observed in several studies.  In EEG, however, this distribution at the scalp does not mean the P600 is coming from that part of the brain; a 2007 study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) speculates that the generators of the P600 are in the posterior temporal lobe, behind Wernicke's area.

The P600 was first reported by Lee Osterhout and Phillip Holcomb in 1992. It is also sometimes called the syntactic positive shift (SPS), since it has a positive polarity and is usually elicited by syntactic phenomena.

Elicitation
The P600 was originally considered a "syntactic" ERP component, as it is elicited by several types of syntactic phenomena, including ungrammatical stimuli, garden-path sentences that require reanalysis, complex sentences with a large number of thematic roles, and the processing of filler-gap dependencies (such as wh-words that appear at the beginning of a sentence in English but are actually interpreted somewhere else).

Grammatical errors
A P600 may be elicited by several kinds of grammatical errors in sentences, such as problems in agreement, such as "the child *throw the toy".  In addition to this sort of subject-verb disagreement, P600s have also been elicited by disagreements in tense, gender, number, and case, as well as phrase structure violations.  A 2009 study has suggested that these errors elicit stronger P600s than the other syntactic stimuli that have been implicated.

Garden paths
P600s are also known to occur when a sentence contains no outright grammatical error, but must be parsed in a different way than the reader originally expects.  These sentences are known as "garden path" sentences, because the reader follows one interpretation of the sentence only to realize later that this interpretation was wrong and he must backtrack to understand the sentence.  For example,  found P600s elicited by the word to in sentences such as The broker persuaded to sell the stock was tall. In sentences such as this, the preferred reading is to interpret "persuaded" as the main verb of the sentence (i.e., "the broker persuaded me"), and upon seeing the word to the reader has to re-analyze the sentence to mean something more like "the broker that was persuaded to sell the stock, he was tall".

Syntactic errors in music
P600s are also elicited by errors in musical harmony, such as when a chord is played out of key with the rest of a musical phrase. This implies that P600s are not "language-specific," but "can be elicited in nonlinguistic (but rule-governed) sequences."

Dependencies and complexity
Some studies have found a P600 elicited by words where there is no grammatical error and no "garden path" (i.e., where the word is exactly what the reader would expect), but when the sentence is complex because there are a number of noun phrases active.  This has most often been the case when the reader has to "re-activate" a word that appeared earlier in the sentence.  For example, in a sentence like "Who did you imitate?", the word who appears in the beginning of the sentence but is actually the direct object of imitate, and must be interpreted in that way (i.e., as "you imitated who?"); several studies have found that after the reader sees the word imitate he or she has a P600 response, possibly as a result of re-activating who.  These sorts of P600s get stronger as the number of noun phrases active in the sentences increases, suggesting that the P600 generator is sensitive to the level of complexity in a sentence.

Semantic attraction
 demonstrated a so-called "semantic P600" in sentences that are grammatically correct but semantically anomalous, and in which syntactic reanalysis is more appealing than semantic reanalysis. For example, a P600 may be elicited in the following sentence: The hearty meal was devouring the kids.This suggests that the reader would rather interpret the sentence as containing a morphosyntactic error (saying "devouring" instead of "devoured by") rather than a semantic one (meals can't devour kids, but can be devoured by them). The interpretation of "semantic P600s" has attracted considerable attention and controversy in the literature.

Interpretations
There are several theories about what computational processes the P600 may be triggered by.  Because it often happens in response to grammatical violations or garden path sentences, one theory is that the P600 reflects processes of revision (i.e., trying to "rescue" the interpretation of a sentence that can't be processed normally because of structural errors) and reanalysis (i.e., trying to rearrange the structure of a sentence that has been interpreted incorrectly because of a garden path).  On the other hand, other models suggest that the P600 may not reflect these processes in particular, but just the amount of time and effort in general it takes to build up coherent structure in a sentence, or the general processes of creating or destroying syntactic structure (not specifically because of repair).  Another proposal is that the P600 does not necessarily reflect any linguistic processes per se, but is similar to the P300 in that it is triggered when a subject encounters "improbable" stimuli—since ungrammatical sentences are relatively rare in natural speech, a P600 may not be a linguistic response but simply an effect of the subject's "surprise" upon encountering an unexpected stimulus.  Another account is that the P600 reflects error/surprisal propagation due to learning processes that take place during linguistic adaptation and this account has been implemented in a connectionist model that explains several P600/N400 results.

See also

 Bereitschaftspotential
 C1 and P1
 Contingent negative variation
 Difference due to memory
 Early left anterior negativity
 Error-related negativity
 Late positive component
 Lateralized readiness potential
 Mismatch negativity
 N2pc
 N100
 N170
 N200
 N400
 P3a
 P3b
 P200
 P300 (neuroscience)
 Somatosensory evoked potential
 Visual N1

Notes

References

Bibliography

 (manuscript)

External links
Video of the N400 and P600 visualized as animated scalp topographies

Electroencephalography
Evoked potentials
Neurolinguistics


Henry Harold Welch Pearson (28 January 1870 – 3 November 1916) was a British-born South African botanist, chiefly remembered for founding Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden in 1913.

Biography
Pearson started his career as a chemist's assistant, but changed his interests after attending a lecture on plants by Albert Seward at Eastbourne in 1892. He taught for a while and was awarded a scholarship to Christ's College, Cambridge in 1896, obtaining a first class in the Natural Science Tripos.

Pearson published two papers in 1898, dealing with Bowenia spectabilis, a member of the Stangeriaceae from Australia. In the same year he explored the patanas (grassy uplands) in Ceylon for six months, having been awarded a Worts Travelling Scholars Fund. For this ecological dissertation he received the Walsingham Medal from Cambridge, the marine biologist Ernest William MacBride having been the first recipient in 1893. At Cambridge he was appointed Assistant Curator of the herbarium under Harry Marshall Ward. Here taxonomy engaged his interest and he received a Frank Smart Studentship. The following year found him at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew where he was Assistant for India. His interest in Verbenaceae led to his description of the family for Harvey & Sonder's Flora Capensis.

In 1903 Pearson became the first Harry Bolus Professor of Botany at the South African College. In 1904 he set off for South West Africa on the first of several expeditions with the object of studying the monotypic Welwitschia. This expedition was cut short by the first of the so-called Herero Wars. In 1907 he made a second attempt in the company of E. E. Galpin who had previously accompanied him on cycad-hunting trips to the Eastern Cape. His papers on the ecology, morphology and embryology of Welwitschia, led to a Cantabrigian DSc in 1907, which in turn led to a study of the closely related Gnetum, to which end he went on a collecting expedition to Angola in 1909. During this time he wrote an account of the Thymelaeaceae for the Flora of Tropical Africa.

Living in Cape Town and keenly aware of the floristic wealth of the Cape Peninsula, Pearson had become an ardent campaigner for the establishing of a botanical garden. He made an impassioned appeal to the authorities and the public at his 1910 presidential address to the South African Association for the Advancement of Science. As a consequence the Botanical Society of South Africa was formed in 1912 and a deputation was despatched to make representations to the Prime Minister, Louis Botha. The campaign found a powerful supporter in Sir Lionel Phillips, who introduced the necessary bill in the House of Assembly in 1913. An area which Cecil Rhodes had bequeathed to the public, was set aside and Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden came into being. Pearson was appointed as the first director, with J. W. Matthews as curator.

On Pearson's death he was buried in Kirstenbosch, his epitaph reading "If ye seek his monument, look around". He is commemorated in the genus Pearsonia and several specific epithets. The 1914 volume 140 of Curtis's Botanical Magazine is dedicated to his memory. The Harold Pearson Chair of Botany at the University of Cape Town was founded in his honour, and the HW Pearson Building (home of the Botany Department) is named after him. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation H.Pearson when citing a botanical name.

Honours, degrees and achievements
Bachelor of Arts Cantab. 1896, DSc 1907, Fellow of the Royal Society 1916, Fellow of the Linnean Society of London 1901, Assistant Curator Cambridge Herbarium 1898–99, Kew Herbarium 1899, Professor of Botany at South African College in Cape Town 1903, Director of Cape Botanical Gardens 1913.

References

External links

Botanists with author abbreviations
20th-century South African botanists
19th-century British botanists
Academic staff of the University of Cape Town
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
1870 births
1916 deaths
People from Long Sutton, Lincolnshire
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
British emigrants to the Cape Colony


"Nite and Day" is the debut single by Al B. Sure! from his debut album In Effect Mode (1988). It reached number seven on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the Billboard Hot Black Singles chart. The B-side of the record is the French version of the song, "Nuit et Jour".

The song was written and produced by Al B. Sure! and Kyle West. The song was recorded at Unique Recording Studios in 1987, and it was mixed by Roey Shamir for INFX Production, Inc. The single earned Al B. Sure! a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 31st Grammy Awards in 1989, losing to Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby by Terence Trent D'Arby.

A music video for the song was released in 1988 and it features Al B. Sure! performing the song in various locations throughout New York City, including on a roof top, in Central Park, and on the street. It was directed by Peter Nydrle.

Covers
 In 2003, a cover version by Ronny Jordan was covered from his album At Last.
 In 2009, a cover version by Raheem DeVaughn was leaked as a song from his mixtape, Love & War.
 In 2012, a cover version by Adrian Marcel was released with a music video.
 In 2017, a cover version as a dance/electronic remix by Todd Terry & DJ S.K.T was released as a single.
 In 2017, Al B Sure!'s son, Quincy, reworked the song as "I Can Tell You (Nite and Day 2.0)" featuring Al B. Sure!, using samples of the original.
 In 2018, a cover version by Meshell Ndegeocello was released on her cover album, Ventriloquism.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1987 songs
1988 debut singles
Al B. Sure! songs
Songs written by Al B. Sure!
Songs written by Kyle West
Warner Records singles


Dave Babcock is a Canadian saxophonist, singer, bandleader and producer.

He was a guest on Kenny "Blues Boss" Wayne's Jumpin' & Boppin'  album. He played at a memorial event for Dave Semenko in 2017.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Musicians from Vancouver
Canadian jazz saxophonists
Male saxophonists
Smooth jazz saxophonists
Canadian male singers
Canadian jazz singers
MacEwan University alumni
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century Canadian male musicians
Canadian male jazz musicians


Chris Veselka (born June 15, 1970) was an American soccer forward who played professionally in the United States and Germany.  He was the 1994 USISL leading scorer with 30 goals in 13 games.

Veselka spent one season, 1990, playing soccer at Florida International University.
In the summer of 1989, he played for the Austin Sockadillos in the Southwest Independent Soccer League.  Her returned for the 1990 season, scoring twelve goals in ten games.  He placed second in the league in points.   He returned to the Sockadillos for thirteen games in the 1991 summer season before moving to Germany to play for TuS Celle.  He remained with TuS Celle until 1994 when he returned to the United States to sign with the Austin Lone Stars of USISL.  He led the league in scoring with 30 goals in thirteen games.  In 1995, he began the season with the San Antonio Pumas before moving to the Charleston Battery for the second half of the season.  While he only scored six goals, he set the team record for single season assists with ten.  In 1997, he was back with the Austin Lone Stars, in 1998 and 1999, he played for the New Orleans Storm.  In 2001, he was a player-coach with the Lafayette Lightning and in 2003 with the Austin Lightning of the Premier Development League.  He also played for the Lafayette Swamp Cats in 2003.

References

1970 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
American expatriate men's soccer players
Austin Lightning players
Austin Lone Stars players
Charleston Battery players
FIU Panthers men's soccer players
Lafayette Swamp Cats players
New Orleans Riverboat Gamblers players
San Antonio Pumas players
TuS Celle FC players
USISL players
USL League Two players
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Men's association football forwards


N400 or N-400 may refer to:
 N400 (neuroscience), an event-related potential component elicited by meaningful stimuli (words, pictures, etc.)
 N-400 road (Spain), a highway connecting Toledo to Cuenca
 Honda N400, a car similar to the Honda N360
 Samsung N400, a mobile phone by Samsung
 Form N-400, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services application for naturalization
 A variant of the Aston Martin V8 Vantage car


Īhām in Persian, Urdu, Kurdish and Arabic poetry is a literary device in which an author uses a word, or an arrangement of words, that can be read in several ways. Each of the meanings may be logically sound, equally true and intended.

Definitions
In the 12th century, Rashid al-Din Vatvat defined īhām as follows: "Īhām in Persian means to create doubt. This is a literary device, also called takhyīl [to make one suppose and fancy], whereby a writer (dabīr), in prose, or a poet, in verse, employs a word with two different meanings, one direct and immediate (qarīb) and the other remote and strange (gharīb), in such a manner that the listener, as soon as he hears that word, thinks of its direct meaning while in actuality the remote meaning is intended."

Amir Khusrow (1253–1325 CE) introduced the notion that any of the several meanings of a word, or phrase, might be equally true and intended, creating a multilayered text. Discerning the various layers of meanings would be a challenge to the reader, who has to focus on and keep turning over the passage in his mind, applying his erudition and imagination to perceive alternative meanings.

Another idea associated with īhām is that a verse may function as a mirror of the reader's condition, as expressed by the 14th-century author Shaykh Maneri: "A verse by itself has no fixed meaning. It is the reader/listener who picks up an idea consistent with the subjective condition of his mind." The 15th-century poet Fawhr-e Din Nizami considered īhām an essential element of any good work of poetry: "A poem that doesn't have dual-meaning words, such a poem does not attract anyone at all—a poem without words of two senses."

Īhām is an important stylistic device in Sufi literature, perfected by writers such as Hafez (1325/1326–1389/1390 CE). Nalî is an example of another poet who has used īhām widely in his poetry. Applications of this "art of ambiguity" or "amphibology" include texts that can be read as descriptions of earthly or divine love.

Haleh Pourafzal and Roger Montgomery, writing in Haféz: Teachings of the Philosopher of Love (1998), discuss īhām in terms of "biluminosity", simultaneous illumination from two directions, describing it as "a technique of comparison involving wordplay, sound association, and double entendre, keeping the reader in doubt as to the 'right' meaning of the word. Biluminosity removes the burden of choice and invites the reader to enter a more empowering dimension of īhām that embraces the quality of amphibians [...]—beings capable of living equally well in two radically different environments. As a result, the reader is freed from the obsession to find the 'right answer' through speculation and instead can concentrate on enjoying nuances and being awed by how the slightest shift in perception creates a new meaning. [...] From the perspective of Haféz as the composer of poetry, biluminosity allows two different points of view to shed light upon each other."

See also
 Esoteric interpretation of the Quran

References

External links
 Īhām in Encyclopædia Iranica

Persian literature
Arabic words and phrases
ambiguity
word play