John Lawrence Grattan (June 1, 1830 – August 19, 1854) was a mid-19th century U.S. Army officer, whose poor judgement and inexperience led to the Grattan massacre, which was a major instigator for the First Sioux War.

Early life and military career
Grattan was born in Corinth, Vermont on 1 June 1830. His mother, Sarah Rogers, died when he was only five and his father, Peter Grattan, relocated with his young son, John, and daughter, Mary, to Lisbon, New Hampshire where he worked as a wheelwright.
John L. Grattan entered West Point in 1849, but did very poorly in his courses. Out of a class of 63, he finished 51st in French, and 43rd in Engineering, failing mathematics altogether. Due to this, he was held back for a year. He applied himself the following year, finishing in the top third of his class for that year, only to again fall to the bottom third by his final year. In 1853, he graduated 36th out of a class of 55. Fellow graduates that year were James B. McPherson, Philip Sheridan, John Bell Hood, and John Schofield, all of whom would go on to fame during the American Civil War. Grattan, however, would achieve what fame he did receive due to a mistake during his very first command.

Military service on the frontier
After graduation, Grattan was appointed a second lieutenant by brevet in the 6th Infantry. Given the customary three months leave following his graduation, Grattan was to have reported to Company G, 6th Infantry, at Fort Laramie, by October 1, 1853, but he arrived on November 16. Within his first month, according to recorded reports from Post Surgeon Charles Page, Grattan received a reputation as being brash and boastful, while also giving off the impression that he was proud to serve in the army. The most disturbing trait, according to later accounts given by Page, was that Grattan displayed a disdain and dislike of the American Indians, despite having had no contact with them whatsoever up to that point, save seeing or meeting any who were in or around the post.

In July and August, 1854, new settlers moving west were plagued by raids from the Cheyenne, and calling on the army to do something about it. After one mid-August raid, settlers and traders encountered the Cheyenne warriors and pursued them, only to give up the chase before engaging. When Grattan was told this, he ridiculed the pursuers for fearing a confrontation with the Cheyenne. However, fear had little to nothing to do with the pursuers backing away. In reality, the settlers and traders who were pursuing the band of warriors had enough experience to recognize that the Cheyenne seemed to be baiting them into a possible ambush, thus they stopped their pursuit and reported the incident to Fort Laramie. During his ridicule of the men, Grattan stated that with 10 men he could defeat the entire Cheyenne nation.

Around this same time, in expectation that treaty annuities were soon to come, elements of the Lakota and Oglala had camped near the fort. Collectively the Sioux villages spread across a three-mile area along the North Platte River. In the Native American camps, seasoned chiefs were struggling to control the more impatient young warriors, who were angered by the sight of their people starving, and over former broken promises by the whites. This would be compounded by the fact that Fort Laramie was at the time under the command of two young inexperienced officers, with one being a brash and totally untested young Second Lieutenant.

Tensions build
The Indians were starving, and had been hungry for weeks awaiting the arrival of the annuities. By most reports, a Mormon wagon train passing through had lost a straggling and lame cow. With any game being scarce in the area, the Sioux butchered the cow, and feasted on it. On August 18, 1854, the wagon train reached Fort Laramie, where the owner of the cow complained to Lt. Hugh Fleming that his cow had been stolen by the Indians. Reports vary, with the most reliable accounts stating that the owner noticed that the cow was missing, and returned to find that the Indians had butchered it. Lt. Fleming sent for Conquering Bear, the leader of the band where the cow had been butchered. Although Conquering Bear did not agree with all of the details in the Treaty of 1851, he did understand quite clearly that restitution was required for any property stolen from white settlers.

However, Conquering Bear also knew full well that, by the terms of the treaty, this was not a military matter, a fact that Lt. Fleming was not aware of. In reality, a matter of this sort should have been handled by John Whitfield, the Indian Agent assigned to the area, who was due to arrive within the week. Lt. Fleming wanted the brave who had initially killed the cow, High Forehead, arrested and delivered to the fort. By later Indian accounts, Conquering Bear entered the fort feeling confident that it was a minor affair and would be settled easily enough. However, as negotiations went on, it was quickly evident that Lt. Fleming's inexperience led to him being easily swayed and influenced, in this case by the civilians involved. Conquering Bear offered the owner the choice of any of his 60 horses, but the owner refused. The owner of the cow instead wanted $25 in cash (equivalent to $ in ).

By this time, Lt. Grattan had joined the negotiations, and immediately taken the side of the cow owner. Finding himself encouraged by Lt. Grattan's support, the formerly uncertain Lt. Fleming now demanded that High Forehead be arrested and brought to the fort. Alarmed, Conquering Bear attempted to explain that he had no authority over High Forehead, who was of another tribe and who was a guest in his village, therefore making it impossible by his tribe's traditions to arrest him. Conquering Bear left the fort, riding back to the village. He had offered to show the soldiers the lodge of High Forehead, but insisted that neither he nor any of his people would assist in his arrest. Lt. Fleming was known to the Sioux, and had previously led an attack on a village, with minor casualties, but nonetheless enough to give Lt. Fleming confidence in dealing with the Indians.

Lt. Fleming led a detail into the village, but getting the feeling that an arrest would most certainly result in violence, Fleming initially made a solid decision, that being to await the arrival of the Indian Agent, John Whitfield. However, Lt. Grattan pressed Fleming when the latter returned to the fort, pushing him to allow Grattan to lead a force into the Indian village to arrest High Forehead. The next morning, Lt. Grattan was authorized by Lt. Fleming to depart with a force of 22 troopers. Another poor decision on the part of Fleming, as the entire post was made up of only 75 soldiers, and that day 32 were away on wood and hay cutting details. Thus, once Lt. Grattan left the fort, Fleming was left with only a small number of soldiers. To make matters worse, Lt. Grattan took 29 troopers, 7 more than Fleming had authorized, in addition to two artillery pieces. Sergeant Leodegar Schnyder, would later say he did not volunteer due to his belief that the two inexperienced officers were making bad decisions, and thus, not being ordered to go, he did not. Most of the soldiers accompanying Lt. Grattan were experienced soldiers. However, as their translator the detachment had Luciene Auguste, who spoke the Dakota language poorly, and who was despised by the Sioux. Lt. Grattan, having no prior experience with the Indians whatsoever, was now leading his small force into a major Sioux encampment which was filled with young warriors tired of what they considered to be lies told by the white government.

Grattan Battle

Auguste was drinking heavily while en route to the encampment, and Lt. Grattan either did not notice or ignored this. By the time the party reached the encampment, Auguste was completely intoxicated. Lt. Grattan did notice this intoxication after their arrival, angrily taking Auguste's bottle and smashing it against his saddle. Had he ordered Auguste back to the fort at that point, it might possibly have altered the events that followed. For the first time Lt. Grattan saw the size of the village into which he had led his men. The village was made up of some 600 Sioux lodges, with a population of some 4,800 people, of which approximately 1,200 were warriors. By this point, some of the more experienced soldiers were voicing quietly that their small force was not in a good position, and leaving would be advisable.

Halfway into the village, now seeing painted warriors who were openly hostile and riding aggressively around the column, Lt. Grattan stopped, and asked the advice of James Bordeau, an experienced trader who had lived on the frontier for many years. Bordeau had been at Fort Laramie when the earlier incident happened with Conquering Bear, and was in the village trading when the army column entered. He was not aware that the army intended on arresting High Forehead. Bordeau would later state that Auguste, the translator, was openly intoxicated and yelling to the Indians that the army had come to kill them all. Lt. Grattan spoke with Bordeau and asked how this matter could more easily be solved without bloodshed, to which Bordeau responded that Grattan should speak again with Conquering Bear, and let him handle the matter in his own time.

At this point Auguste was calling the Sioux warriors women, and was riding wildly around on his horse saying they had come to fight, not to talk. Lt. Grattan led his force deeper into the village, and located High Forehead, who upon being ordered to surrender High Forehead dared Lt. Grattan to come fight him man to man, and that he would die rather than surrender. This annoyed Grattan greatly, who now turned to negotiating with Conquering Bear. The Indian leader requested that Lt. Grattan have soldiers go and retrieve James Bordeau to translate, as Auguste would not translate correctly, and, he was intoxicated. One of the Indian leaders, Man-Afraid-Of-His-Horse, went and retrieved Bordeau. However, before Bordeau arrived the tension between Lt. Grattan and Conquering Bear had increased. Bordeau quickly realized before he reached the meeting spot that violence was obviously not going to be avoided, and he turned back.

At some point, Lt. Grattan ordered his two artillery pieces turned to point at the village. Immediately hundreds of warriors surrounded the soldiers. An up-and-coming young warrior at the time, Red Cloud led a group of warriors around to flank the soldiers. Bordeau again decided to go and see what he could do to halt any violence. However, when he reached about twenty five yards distance from the meeting spot, he observed the flanking movements of the Indians, and could hear the heated exchange between Lt. Grattan and Conquering Bear, he again retreated. Bordeau returned to his trading post, where he told all traders inside to load their weapons, as a fight was coming.

Lt. Grattan concluded his meeting, and was apparently intending on departing, as Conquering Bear turned and walked toward his lodge. However, before Lt. Grattan reached his detachment, a nervous soldier fired into some approaching warriors, wounding one man. Grattan initially moved to his artillery, however his gun crews were the first to fall, being hit by a volley of arrows. Lt. Grattan died near to the artillery. His force, now down to 18 men, banded together and attempted to reach a rocky area where they could make a stand. However, they had to cross an open prairie before reaching that point, and encountered Red Cloud's warriors in between. The remainder of Grattan's force was quickly overwhelmed and annihilated.

External links
  (cenotaph at Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery)
 Lt. John Grattan and the First Sioux War
 Career Profile

1830 births
1854 deaths
People from Corinth, Vermont
Sioux Wars
United States Military Academy alumni
Military personnel from Vermont
Military personnel from New Hampshire
People from Lisbon, New Hampshire
American military personnel killed in the American Indian Wars


The Devil's Hole is a group of deep trenches in the North Sea about 200 km (125 mi) east of Dundee, Scotland.

The features, which were first charted by HMS Fitzroy, were officially recorded in the Royal Geographical Society's Geographical Journal in 1931. Soundings showed that the surrounding seabed is between 80 and 90 metres (260 - 300 ft) but the trenches are as deep as 230 m (750 ft).  They run in a north-south direction and are on average between 1 and 2 km (.6 - 1.25 mi) in width and 20 to 30 km (12 - 18 mi) long.

Historically, fishermen have known about the Devil's Hole for generations because they have lost trawl nets on the trenches' steep sides. It is for this reason that the area took its name.

The gradient of the trench sides in the Devil's Hole is up to 10° in places. In a comparison, the continental shelf north west of Great Britain has an average gradient of 1°.

See also
 Dogger Bank for map and links to similar places

References

Landforms of the North Sea
Oceanic trenches of the Atlantic Ocean


Paweł Wojciechowski may refer to:

 Paweł Wojciechowski (economist) (born 1960), Polish economist
 Paweł Wojciechowski (footballer born 1984), Polish footballer
 Paweł Wojciechowski (pole vaulter) (born 1989), Polish pole vaulter
 Paweł Wojciechowski (footballer born 1990), Polish footballer

See also
 Wojciechowski


"Not One Minute More" is a 1959 song and single by singer and actress Della Reese.

The song became her third big hit and million-seller, and peaked at number #16 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and #12 on the US Billboard R&B chart.  Reese continued recording albums, but her singing career took a backseat to her acting and television appearances.

"Not One Minute More" was originally written for Elvis Presley by songwriters Don Robertson and Hal Blair. The song was also recorded in 1959 by pianist Earl Grant. This version is used as closing song in the Black Mirror episode, "Striking Vipers".

References

1960 singles
Songs written by Don Robertson (songwriter)
Songs written by Hal Blair
1960 songs


The Pacific Plaza Towers are residential condominium  skyscrapers located across One McKinley Place in Bonifacio Global City, Philippines. The twin 53-storey buildings, the North Tower and South Tower, were completed  in 2001 and rise to 179 metres (587 feet) from the ground to their architectural top. They are currently the 20th and 21st-tallest buildings in the country and Metro Manila as well.

History

Pacific Plaza Towers began groundbreaking and excavated in 1997, with first concrete pouring in 1998. It began to rise in January 1999; the South Tower was topped off in January 2000 and the North Tower two months later. It was completed in September 2000. It held its soft opening on February 22, 2001 and was inaugurated on March 9, 2001. Notable guests like Former President Corazon Aquino, then-BCDA chairman Rogelio Singson, then-Alaska Milk Corporation head Wilfred Uytengsu Sr. with his son Wilfred Jr. and his wife Kerri were invited at the Inauguration. It took the record of being the tallest twin-towers in Philippines from Salcedo Park Twin Towers from 2001 to 2009, until The St. Francis Shangri-La Place was completed. From 1997-2001, Metro Pacific Corporation owns the site until its joint ownership with Pacific Plaza Towers Condominium Corporation until 2006 when it became Metro Pacific Investments Corporation and PPTCC is now the sole ownership.

References

External links
 Pacific Plaza Tower at Condo Specialist

|-

Skyscrapers in Bonifacio Global City
Residential skyscrapers in Metro Manila
Residential buildings completed in 2001
Twin towers
Arquitectonica buildings


Charles E. Petty (January 28, 1866 – December 7, 1928) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched all or part of three seasons in the majors, between  and , for the Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA), New York Giants, Washington Senators (1891–99), and Cleveland Spiders.

External links

Major League Baseball pitchers
Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA) players
New York Giants (NL) players
Washington Senators (1891–1899) players
Cleveland Spiders players
Birmingham Maroons players
Hamilton Hams players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Birmingham Grays players
Savannah Electrics players
Norfolk Clam Eaters players
Grand Rapids Gold Bugs players
Toledo Swamp Angels players
Terre Haute Hottentots players
Columbus Babies players
Columbus River Snipes players
Cairo Egyptians players
Nashville Centennials players
Henderson Centennials players
Baseball players from Tennessee
1866 births
1928 deaths
Seattle Reds players
19th-century baseball players
Seattle Hustlers players


The Corsican citron (called alimea in Corsican and cedrat in French) is a citron variety that contains a non-acidic pulp.

The name is from its most original cultivation center which is even today, at the French Island of Corsica or Corse. It is said to be one of the first citrus fruit to reach the Corsican soil.

History, production and uses
Traditionally, it was one of the most important varieties employed in Succade production. The fruit used to be shipped to Genoa, Italy, where it was de-pulped in the large centers in Livorno, hence its name the Citron of Commerce.

With 45,000 tons per year, Corsica was once the world's leading producer of citron. The historian Laurence Pinelli explains:

Etrog
For a short period of time Genoese merchants, who always supplied fruit for the Jewish ritual of Etrog, used to ship also some amount of this Corsican variety, while there was not enough available from Diamante. This tradition terminated due to competition with the Greek citron which was considered to be of extraordinary beauty.

Today, the citron is cooked with sugar to produce a jam.

Description

This slow-growing tree reaches a height of about , open and spreading, rather small according to different varieties. It is medium-thorny with some large, stout spines. The very fragrant blossom appears in March–April and lasts until September, producing good honey with honey bees. Flowers, buds and new growth are not purple-tinted.

The tree produces large fruit, ellipsoid to very slightly obovate; basal area slightly depressed and radially furrowed; apical nipple suppressed or indistinct. The fruit is lemon-yellow when ripe. Its rind is very thick and fleshy, sweet with some bitter after-taste; surface rather rough, bumpy, and commonly somewhat ribbed. The flesh of the fruit is crisp and solid, lacking in juice; it has a sweet flavour without acid. The seeds are white-yellowish. This giant citron can measure up to  in length and weigh up to .

References

External links
 Citrons and their hybrids U.C. Riverside
 Citrus medica Purdue University
 Alimea
 Citrons Citrus Pages
 Citrus medica Home Citrus Growers
 Plant Immigrants
 The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons
 The Pharmaceutical Journal-Consular report
 Citron Leaves book, the trade of Corsican citrons through Leghorn and/or the United States
 The Gardeners Chronicle
 Biennial Report
 Report Google Books
 Parliamentary Papers
 The Dublin REview
 Monthly Consular
 Bulletin Victoria
 Science

Citron
Citrus
Flora of Corsica


"Évidemment" (; ) is a 1987 pop song recorded by French singer France Gall. It was the third single from her album Babacar and was released on 7 March 1988. In France, the song achieved success, becoming Gall's third top ten hit.

Background
Written by Gall's husband Michel Berger, the song is a tribute to Daniel Balavoine who was a close friend of the couple and who died about two years earlier. The B-side of the vinyl, "La Chanson d'Azima", became the fifth and last single from the album and was released in April 1989. "Évidemment" was included on the singer's albums Live, le tour de France (live released in 1988), Les Années Musique (best of, 1990), Live à Bercy (live, 1993) France in a 4:30 acoustic version (1996), Concert Privé M6 (live, 1997) and Évidemment (double best of, 2004). In a 2004 interview Gall said: ""Évidemment" is my saddest song, my song of absence. (...) 'Évidemment / on rit encore / mais pas comme avant' (...) [which can mean] 'I'm here (...) but it's not like before'. It's true."

Chart performance
"Évidemment" was a successful single in France: it started at number 19 on the chart edition of 2 April 1988, then climbed almost every week and eventually peaked at number six in its tenth week; it totalled 16 weeks in the top 50, seven of them in the top ten. It became the second most successful single from the album in terms of chart positions and the third one in terms of sales. On the European Hot 100 Singles, it started at number 55 on 16 April 1988, reached a peak of number 24 nine weeks later, and fell off the chart after 15 weeks of presence. It also charted for six weeks on the European Airplay Top 50, with a peak at number 23 in its third week.

Cover versions
The song was covered by many artists, including Maurane, Lara Fabian, Patrick Fiori and Pascal Obispo on the 2001 album L'Odyssée des Enfoirés, Emma Daumas, Houcine, Aurélie Konaté, Nolwenn Leroy and Anne-Laure Sibon (five contestants of the French Star Academy 2) on the 2002 album Star Academy chante Michel Berger, and Mimmy Mathy and Jean-Baptiste Maunier on the 2005 album Le Train des Enfoirés. The song was also covered by Julie Pietri on her 2007 album Autour de minuit.

Track listings
 7" single
 "Évidemment" – 3:26
 "La Chanson d'Azima" – 2:45

 CD maxi
 "Évidemment"
 "Ella, elle l'a"
 "La Chanson d'Azima"

Credits
 Music: Michel Berger
 Lyrics: Michel Berger
 Vocals: France Gall
 Recorded by Jean-Pierre Janiaud
 Assisted by Olivier do Espirito Santo
 Recorded at Studios Gang, in Paris.

Charts

Kate Ryan version

Some weeks before the release of French Connection, Kate Ryan's greatest hits album, it was announced that the next single to "Babacar" would be her cover version of the song. It was released on 9 October 2009. It has two versions: the main version, produced by Yves Gaillard, is a pop ballad with piano and voice, and the 2N Remix, produced by Niclas Kings and Niklas Bergwall (2N), is dance version.

Track listings
 CD single
 "Évidemment" — 3.10
 "Évidemment" (2N remix) — 3.18

Charts

Notes

References

1987 songs
1988 singles
2009 singles
France Gall songs
Kate Ryan songs
Pop ballads
Songs written by Michel Berger
Song recordings produced by Michel Berger


"Yuki no Hana" (Japanese: 雪の華; lit. Snow flower) is a song recorded by Japanese singer Mika Nakashima. It was released on October 1, 2003, via Sony Music Japan as the fifth and final lead single for her second studio album Love (2003), and her 10th single overall. "Yuki no Hana" was distributed in two formats—a standard CD single and was made available digitally.

Written by Satomi with production handled by Ryouki Matsumoto, "Yuki no Hana" utilizes piano and string instrumentations with soft vocal phrasings. Its lyrics refer to snowflakes as "snow flowers", and reflect on happy moments shared by lovers in the winter time. "Yuki no Hana" was met with positive reviews from music critics upon its release, who praised its production as well as Nakashima's vocal delivery.

A commercial success in Japan, it peaked at number three on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart and was multi-certified in various categories, including twice in million. The CD single sold over 240,000 copies by the following month, and is to-date her third best-selling physical single. An accompanying music video was directed by Masashi Muto and depicts Nakashima singing the track in a wintery setting. It has been covered by numerous artists internationally since its release, including Park Hyo-shin, Han Xue, and Vincy Chan.

Cover versions
The song has since been translated and covered a number of times by many artists in several different languages. The song was covered by South Korean male singer Park Hyo-shin and this covered song was inserted in the popular Korean drama I'm Sorry, I Love You. Another Korean version was sung by female singer Seo Young-eun. It was also one of the most popular karaoke songs in Japan in 2004. The song was first covered by Singapore singer Joi Chua in 2005 by the same title "Sorry I Love You". It was also covered by Mainland Chinese singer Han Xue in August 2004 in Mandarin; and by Hong Kong singer Vincy Chan in 2006, in Cantonese. In Vietnam, the song was translated and covered in Vietnamese by male singer Minh Vương M4U and female singer Đông Nhi in 2008.

An English version of Yuki no Hana was covered by American singer Eric Martin and featured in his 2008 solo album Mr. Vocalist, which was produced and released in Japan. The German singer Tabea covered the English version snowflower in her album Memories. New Zealand soprano Hayley Westenra also covered the song in English as part of her 2008 album Hayley sings Japanese Songs which debuted at number 12 on the Japanese Albums Chart but broke into the Top 10 in its second week of release. Another covered version was released in June 2006, sung by Japanese male singer Hideaki Tokunaga. An instrumental rock cover was made by Megadeth's former guitarist Marty Friedman, and featured on his 2009 solo album Tokyo Jukebox. In 2016, the song was featured in the anime ReLIFE as the ending theme of its eighth episode.

On December 24, 2018, Jisoo, lead singer of Blackpink, performed a solo rendition of 'Yuki no Hana (雪の華)/Snow Flower' as a Christmas present during the final night of their Arena Tour at the Kyocera Dome, Osaka. On August 23, 2018, Solji, lead singer of EXID, performed a solo rendition of 'Yuki no Hana (雪の華)/Snow Flower' during their first Japan Tour at the Zepp Hall, Tokyo. In 2019, X Japan vocalist, ToshI covered the song as part of his "I'm a Singer Vol. 2" album and the song was also inserted in the Japanese movie "Snow Flower (Yuki no Hana)", where its name was based on the song. On January 8, 2023, South Korean R&B singer-songwriter Maktub released his cover of the song with identical arrangement to the original version.

Accolades

Track listing
CD single
 "Yuki no Hana" (雪の華; Snow Flower) – 5:41
 "Yuki no Hana" (Acoustic) – 3:37
 "Yuki no Hana" (Reggae Disco Rockers Flower's Mix) – 6:03
 "Yuki no Hana" (Instrumental) – 5:38
 "Yuki no Hana" (English ver.) – 5:40

Charts

Daily and weekly charts

Yearly charts

Sales and certifications

References

2003 singles
Mika Nakashima songs
Songs about flowers


The Hotel Café is a live music venue located off an alley on the Cahuenga Boulevard strip in Hollywood, California, United States, that has become known for helping to establish the careers of new singer-songwriters in the 2000s. The venue began as a coffee shop, but has gained a reputation as an intimate performance space featuring acoustic-based songwriters, such as John Mayer, Adele, Brandy Norwood, Damien Rice, Anna Nalick, Sara Bareilles, Katy Perry, Ingrid Michaelson, Tony Lucca, Priscilla Ahn, Charlotte Martin, Emi Meyer, Laura Jansen and Meiko. The venue has become its own brand, with its Hotel Café Tour, a record label, and two albums, Live at the Hotel Café, Volume 1, and The Hotel Café Presents...Winter Songs, that are downloadable via the iTunes Store.

History
When The Hotel Café opened in 2000, it operated as a coffee shop where singer-songwriters came to perform their material for small audiences. Co-owner Maximillian Mamikunian has noted that in the venue's early days, turning a profit was challenging, as the cafe's steamers and blenders could only be run between songs so as not to drown them out.<ref name="Knowing How to Play the Room">"Knowing How to Play the Room". 2008. Los Angeles Times". Retrieved on November 14, 2010</ref> Today, the venue's main room still has its five original elevated bar tables running along a hallway linking the front and back of the club, as well as six dinner tables set immediately in front of the stage. In 2004, the club acquired space next door and underwent expansion for eight months.

The Hotel continues to host live music seven nights a week, from touring national acts to up-and-coming locals.  Past notable performances have included: Adele, Brandy Norwood, The Lumineers, Chris Martin of Coldplay, Mac Miller, Billie Eilish, Dave Chappelle, Haim, Bruno Mars, Lord Huron, Hozier, John Mayer, Mumford and Sons, Ray Lamontagne, Damien Rice, Katy Perry, Sara Bareilles, Ingrid Michaelson, Gary Clark Jr., Fitz and the Tantrums, Ed Sheeran, Pete Townshend, Laura Marling, Imogen Heap, Billy Corgan, Lucinda Williams, Leonard Cohen, Weezer, Alanis Morissette, Tenacious D, Bruno Mars, Sia and many others.

Significant activity
Since 2004, the club has curated an annual group musical tour. Past featured artists have included Sara Bareilles, Meiko, Rachael Yamagata, Brooke Fraser, and many others. Most stops are in the United States, but past tours have also included performances in Norway and Switzerland.

In October 2008, The Hotel Cafe concluded talks with iTunes that paved the way for official Live from The Hotel Café downloads that debuted the following month. Also in October of the same year, an album of four Hotel Café regulars was featured and offered for sale at over 2,100 Starbucks locations. The club's eponymous record label has seen success with The Hotel Café Presents...Winter Songs and Live at the Hotel Café, Volume 1. Other artists, including Matt Hires, have recorded live albums at the club under other record labels. John Mayer has also played surprise shows at the cafe and has tried out new songs before their album release.

The Hotel Café's website, like the venue itself, has served as a source for new artists to be tapped by music enthusiasts and industry professionals alike. Grey's Anatomy music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas has used both the website and club itself as sources for discovering artists and songs she uses on the show. Meiko, an artist who hit the No. 1 folk spot on iTunes in August 2008, was discovered by Patsavas via The Hotel Café, as was the English singer-songwriter Adele. Another artist favored by Patsavas for use on Grey's Anatomy, Greg Laswell, has praised the club for its "rare" environment and has become one of its regulars.

References

Bordal, Christian (March 11, 2008). "A Musical Residency at Hollywood's Hotel Café". NPR. Retrieved on November 2, 2008.
Humphries, Stephen. (October 10, 2007). "L.A.'s Hotel Café is favored haunt for singer-songwriters". The Christian Science Monitor''. Retrieved on November 2, 2008.

External links

Music venues in Los Angeles
Music venues completed in 2000


Secrets of the Hive, by Procol Harum, is a 2-CD best-of album that was released in 2007 to mark the 40th anniversary of their first single, "A Whiter Shade of Pale". The album contains tracks from previous albums (not including The Long Goodbye), singles and the previously unreleased Into the Flood.

Track listing

Disc one

Disc 2

References

External links
 ProcolHarum.com - ProcolHarum.com's page on this album

Procol Harum albums
2007 compilation albums


This is the songwriting discography of Sean Garrett.

Writing discography

2004

Janet Jackson - Damita Jo
05. "My Baby" (featuring Kanye West)
 Produced By Kanye West & Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis

Usher - Confessions
02. "Yeah!" (featuring Lil Jon & Ludacris)
 Produced By Lil Jon
19. "Red Light"

Ciara - Goodies
01. "Goodies" (featuring Petey Pablo)
 Produced By Lil' Jon
08. "Ooh Baby"
 Produced By Flash Technology

Destiny's Child - Destiny Fulfilled
01. "Lose My Breath"

00. "Gots My Own" (Japan Bonus Track)
 Both Produced By Rodney Jerkins
02. "Soldier" (featuring T.I. and Lil Wayne)
 Produced By Rich Harrison
04. "T-Shirt"
 Produced By Dre & Vidal
05. "Is She the Reason"

06. "Girl"

00. "Game Over" (International Bonus Track)
 All Produced By 9th Wonder
10. "Through with Love"
 Produced By Mario Winans

2005

B5 - B5
03. "Dance 4U"

00. "Nothin' Bout Me"
 Both Produced By Ryan Leslie

Mary J. Blige - The Breakthrough
02. "Enough Cryin"
 Produced By Rodney Jerkins
06. "Good Woman Down"
 Produced By 9th Wonder
18. "Show Love" (International Bonus Track)
 Produced By Chucky Thompson

Mario - Turning Point
01. "18" (featuring Cassidy)

03. "Couldn't Say No"
 Both Produced By Ron "Neff-U" Feemster and "Couldn't Say No" produced by Scott Storch too

112 - Pleasure & Pain
10. "If I Hit" (featuring T.I.)
 Produced By Mario Winans

Amerie - Touch
03. "Touch"
 Produced By Lil Jon

Chris Brown - Chris Brown
02. "Run It!" (featuring Juelz Santana)

05. "Gimme That"
 Both Produced By Scott Storch

Teairra Marí - Roc-A-Fella Presents: Teairra Mari
01. "Make Her Feel Good"
 Produced By The Co-Stars & Sean Garrett
02. "No Daddy"
 Produced By Blackout Movement
07. "La La"
 Produced By TrackBoyz & Sean Garrett
09. "Phone Booth"
 Produced By Bryan Michael Cox & Sean Garrett
10. "Confidential"
 Produced By Sean Garrett
13. "You Better Recognize" (Japanese Bonus)
 Produced By Sean Garrett

Various artists - "In The Mix OST"
04. Chris Brown - "Which One" (featuring Noah)

Omarion - O
05. "Drop That Heater"
 Produced By ARTTHEBEAT

Donell Jones - Journey of a Gemini
02. "Better Start Talking" (featuring Jermaine Dupri)

12. "If U Want" (featuring Bun B)

00. "Hands On You" (International Bonus Track)
 All Produced By Ryan Leslie

2006

Destiny's Child / Beyoncé - #1's / B'Day
00. "Check on It" (featuring Slim Thug) (Bonus Track)
 Produced By Swizz Beatz

The Pussycat Dolls - PCD
05. "Buttons"
 Produced By Polow Da Don

3LW - Point of No Return
00. "Ain't Enough"
 Produced By Sean Garrett & Oak

Fergie - The Dutchess
04. "London Bridge"
 Produced By Polow da Don

Beyoncé - B'Day
02. "Get Me Bodied"

04. "Upgrade U"

05. "Ring the Alarm"

00. "Lost Yo Mind"
 All Produced By Swizz Beatz

08. "Green Light"
 Produced By The Neptunes

DMX - Year of the Dog...Again
07. "Dog Love" (featuring Amerie)
 Produced By Chad Elliot & Eddie Timmons

Kelis - Kelis Was Here
02. "Blindfold Me" (featuring Nas)
 Produced By Polow da Don
06. "Bossy" (featuring Too Short)

15. "Handful"
 Both Produced By Shondrae "Bangladesh" Crawford

Fantasia - Fantasia
05. "Not The Way That I Do"
 Produced By Kwame "K-1 Mil" Holland

Diddy - Press Play
16. "Thought U Said" (featuring Brandy)
 Produced By Mario Winans
18. "Making It Hard" (featuring Mary J. Blige)
 Produced By Rich Harrison

Jamie Foxx - Unpredictable
03. "DJ Play a Love Song" (featuring Twista)
 Produced By Polow da Don

Jay-Z - Kingdom Come
12. "Dig a Hole" (featuring Sterling Simms)
 Produced By Swizz Beatz

JoJo - The High Road
01. "This Time"
 Produced By Scott Storch
02. "The Way You Do Me"
 Produced By Swizz Beatz

Gwen Stefani - The Sweet Escape
05. "Now That You Got It"
 Produced By Swizz Beatz

Monica - The Makings of Me
05. "Hell No (Leave Home)" (featuring Twista)
 Produced By Bryan Michael Cox & Sean Garrett
00. "Thanks For The Misery" (Non-album Track)
 Produced By Anthony Dent

2007

Che'Nelle - Things Happen for a Reason
04. "Hurry up"

08. "Lookin'"
 Both Produced By Sean Garrett &  Oak

Ciara - Ciara: The Evolution
11. "Bang It Up"
 Produced By Polow da Don

Britney Spears - Blackout
08. "Toy Soldier"
 Produced By Bloodshy & Avant

00."Pull Out"
 Produced By Lil Jon

00. "Kiss You All Over"
 Produced By Brian Kidd
00. "Red Carpet"

00. "Love"

Cassidy - B.A.R.S. The Barry Adrian Reese Story
00. "Untitled"

Nicole Scherzinger - Her Name Is Nicole
00. "Whatever U Like" (featuring T.I.)
 Produced By Polow da Don
00. "Winning Women" (featuring Rihanna)
 Produced By Sean Garrett & Clubba Langg

Kelly Rowland - Ms. Kelly
01. "Like This" (featuring Eve)
 Produced By Polow da Don
00. "Time By Myself"
 Produced By Warren "Oak" Felder

Enrique Iglesias - Insomniac
03. "Do You Know? (The Ping Pong Song)"
 Produced By Brian Kidd

Chris Brown - Exclusive
09. "Wall to Wall"
 Produced By Sean Garrett

Santana - Ultimate Santana
02. "This Boy's Fire" (featuring Jennifer Lopez and Baby Bash)

Mary J. Blige - Growing Pains
01. "Work That"
 Produced By Ron "Neff-U" Feemster

Joe - Ain't Nothin' Like Me
03. "If I Want Her"

04. "Where You At" (featuring Papoose)
 Both Produced By Sean Garrett

Omarion - 21
09. "Beg For It"
 Produced By Timbaland & The Royal Court

Mario - Go!
11. "Let Me Watch"
 Produced By Mr. Collipark

Tank - Sex, Love & Pain
12. "I Love Them Girls (Timbaland Remix)"

2008

Raven-Symoné - Raven-Symoné
04. "What Are You Gonna Do?" (featuring Sean Garrett)
 Produced By Sean Garrett, Co-Produced By Walter "Great" Scott

08. "Stupid" (featuring Sean Garrett)

09. "Girl Get It"
 Both Produced By Sean Garrett, Co-Produced By Clubba Langg

11. "Shorts Like Me"
 Produced By Sean Garrett & Elvis Williams

Jesse McCartney - Departure
03. "Rock You" (featuring Sean Garrett)

05. "Into Ya"
 Both Produced By Sean Garrett

04. "How Do You Sleep?"
 Produced By Sean Garrett & Clubba Langg

Usher - Here I Stand
00. "Play Me" (Non-album Track)
 Produced By The Avila Brothers

00. "Still Me" (Non-album Track)
 Produced By The Royal Court - King Logan & Jerome "J-Roc" Harmon

The Pussycat Dolls -  Doll Domination
02. "Bottle Pop" (featuring Snoop Dogg)
 Produced By Fernando Garibay. Coproduced By Clubba Langg

Beyoncé - I Am... Sasha Fierce
03. "Diva"

05. "Video Phone"

 Produced By Bangladesh

2009

Sef - "I Dare You
00. "Hey"

00. "Dem Girls" (featuring Saigon)

00. "That You Like" (Produced By Big Ben)

 "Don't Stop The Music (Leslie, Garrett, Hilson)
 Produced By Ryan Leslie

Ciara - Non- Album Tracks
00. Feelin' On My A

00. Darkroom

BoA - BoA
01. "I Did It for Love"
Features and produced by Garrett

02. "Energetic"
Produced by Garrett (Co-Produced by Clubba Langg)

14. "Crazy About"
Produced by Garrett (Co-Produced by Davenport & Spencer)

Mario - D.N.A.
00. "Break-Up"
Produced by Bangladesh

Amerie - In Love & War
00. "Heard 'Em All"
Produced by Garrett (Co-Produced by Eric Hudson)

2010

RichGirl - Non- Album Track
00. "Trouble" (featuring Gucci Mane & Yo Gotti)
Produced by Bangladesh

Teairra Marí - At That Point
00. TBA

Usher - Raymond vs. Raymond
00. "Papers"
Produced by Zaytoven

Nicki Minaj - Pink Friday
00. "Massive Attack"
Produced by Alex Da Kid

Diddy & Dirty Money - Last Train to Paris
00. "Loving You No More"
Produced by Miykal Snoddy

2011

Beyoncé - 4
01. "Lay Up Under Me"
 Produced by Beyoncé Knowles and Shea Taylor

Mary J. Blige - My Life II... The Journey Continues (Act 1)
11. Love a Woman (featuring Beyoncé)
 Produced by Team S. Dot and BridgeTown

2012

B.o.B - Strange Clouds
03. "So Hard to Breathe"

Brandy - Two Eleven
02. "Wildest Dreams"
 Produced by The Bizness

03. "So Sick"
 Produced by Bangladesh

06. "Let Me Go"
 Produced by Bangladesh

08. "Put It Down (featuring Chris Brown)"
 Produced by Bangladesh and Dem Jointz

10. "Do You Know What You Have?"
 Produced by Mike Will Made It and P-Nasty

16. "What You Need"
 Produced by Bangladesh

2013

Miley Cyrus - Bangerz
03. SMS (Bangerz) (featuring Britney Spears)
 Produced by Mike Will Made It and Marz

07. Love Money Party (featuring Big Sean)
 Produced by Mike Will Made It and Marz

Mindless Behavior - All Around The World
02. "Keep Her On The Low"
 Produced by Supaman

Dontre - Night To Remember
05. "Spend The Night Out"

12. "Sky High"

2015

Avery Wilson
01. "Change My Mind"

2017

Keke Palmer
01. "Wind Up" (featuring Quavo of Migos)

Sevyn Streeter - Girl Disrupted
12. "How Many"
 Produced by Squat Beats and Mr. Williams

2019

Jacquees - King of R&B
04. "Come Get It" (featuring YFB)

08. "Warning"

References

External links

Production discographies
Discographies of American artists

Rhythm and blues discographies
Pop music discographies


"The Red One" is a short story by Jack London. It was first published in the October 1918 issue of The Cosmopolitan, two years after London's death. The story was reprinted in the same year by MacMillan, in a collection of London's stories of the same name.

Overview
The story is told from the perspective of a scientist called Bassett, who is on an expedition in the jungle of Guadalcanal to collect butterflies.
The "Red One" of the title refers to a giant red sphere, of apparently extraterrestrial origin, that the headhunting natives worship as their god and to which they make human sacrifices. Bassett becomes obsessed with the Red One, and in the end is sacrificed himself.

The story's theme was suggested to London by his friend George Sterling, to whom he wrote in 1916:

There are parallels to Joseph Conrad's short novel Heart of Darkness. Critics have noted the possible influence of Carl Jung on the story, as London became aware of Jung's ideas at around the time of writing "The Red One" in 1916.

The story makes an enigmatic reference to helmeted figures, perhaps the Red One's alien crew. Here, London may have anticipated the ancient astronauts  of science fiction and pseudoscience. The science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke  mentioned "The Red One" in a note to his 1983 short story collection The Sentinel:

The U.S. copyright on "The Red One" has expired, and the story is available on Project Gutenberg.

See also
 Flatland, a novel by Edwin Abbott Abbott
 Les Xipéhuz, a novel by J.-H. Rosny

References

External links

1918 short stories
Short stories by Jack London
Science fiction short stories
Works originally published in Cosmopolitan (magazine)
1918 short story collections
Solomon Islands in fiction
Guadalcanal
Ancient astronauts in fiction


Bernard Smith may refer to:

Politicians
 Bernard Smith (d. 1591) (1522–1591), MP for Totnes
 Bernard Smith (New Jersey politician) (1776–1835), U.S. Congressman from New Jersey
 Bernard C. Smith (1923–1993), New York politician

Sportsmen
 Bernard Smith (footballer) (1908–?), English footballer for Birmingham and Coventry
 Bernie Smith (1927–1985), Australian rules footballer
 Bernie Smith (baseball) (born 1941), retired American baseball player
 Bernie Smith (darts player) (born 1964), New Zealand darts player
 Bernard Babington Smith (1905–1993), English pole vaulter

Others
 Bernard Smith (abbot) (1812–1892), Irish Benedictine monk
 Bernard Smith (art historian) (1916–2011), Australian art historian
 Bernard Smith (editor) (1907–1999), American editor, critic and film producer
 Bernard Smith (geologist) (1881-1936), British geologist
 Bernard Smith (organ builder) (c. 1630 – 1708), English organ builder
 Bernard Smith (sailboat designer) (1910–2010), American high-speed sailboat designer
 Bernard John Smith (1951–2012), English geomorphologist and physical geographer


Pigato is a white Italian wine grape planted primarily in Liguria. The grape is found in the Riviera di Ponente zone in Italy's region of Liguria which makes sturdy, aromatic wines with plenty of fruit.  DNA evidence proves that Pigato, Vermentino and Favorita are closely related.
It gains its name, which means "spotted" from the appearance of the ripe grapes.

References

White wine grape varieties


The 1934–35 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's 26th season of play. The Canadiens again qualified for the playoffs, finishing third in their division. The club met and lost to the New York Rangers in the playoffs.

Regular season
A bombshell trade was made with Howie Morenz, Lorne Chabot, and Marty Burke going to Chicago for Leroy Goldsworthy, Roger Jenkins, and Lionel Conacher. The Canadiens then traded Lionel Conacher and Herb Cain to the Maroons for Nels Crutchfield.

Final standings

Record vs. opponents

Schedule and results

Playoffs
In the first round the Canadiens met the New York Rangers, who had placed third in the American Division. The Canadiens lost the two-games total-goals series 5–6 (1–2, 4–4).

In the first game, there was a bench-clearing brawl after Nels Crutchfield cut Bill Cook on the head with his stick. The police were needed to end the brawl. Crutchfield was given a match penalty with no substitution. The Canadiens played the thirteen minutes one man short and two minutes two men short. Bill Cook returned wearing a helmet over his bandages to score the second Rangers goal.

In the second game, the Canadiens were down 4–1 on the game and tied it with three straight goals in the third. The Canadiens could not get another goal to tie the series.

 New York Rangers  vs. Montreal Canadiens

Player statistics

Regular season
Scoring

Goaltending

Playoffs
Scoring

Goaltending

Awards and records
 Aurel Joliat – NHL Second All-Star team

Transactions
 October 3, 1934 – Traded Howie Morenz, Marty Burke and Lorne Chabot to Chicago Blackhawks for Roger Jenkins, Lionel Conacher and Leroy Goldsworthy.
 October 3, 1934 – Traded Lionel Conacher to Montreal Maroons with the rights to Herb Cain for the rights to Nels Crutchfield.
 October 17, 1934 – Traded Leroy Goldsworthy to Chicago for cash.
 December 18, 1934 – Received Leroy Goldsworthy from Chicago for cash.

See also
1934–35 NHL season

References

Notes

Montreal Canadiens seasons
Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens


Live at the Key Club may refer to:

 Live @ the Key Club, a 2000 album by Pennywise
 Live at the Key Club (Cinderella album)
 The Sting: Live at the Key Club L.A.


The 1955–56 New York Knicks season was the tenth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Knicks finished with a 35–37 record and tied for third place in the Eastern Division with the Syracuse Nationals. New York lost to the Nationals in a one-game playoff for a berth in the Eastern Division Semifinals.

NBA draft

Note: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.

Regular season

Season standings

x – clinched playoff spot

Record vs. opponents

Game log

Division Tiebreaker
 Note: Tiebreaker games do not count as official playoff games.

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| March 15
| @ Syracuse
| L 77–82
| Harry Gallatin (19)
| Ray Felix (13)
| Dick McGuire (9)
| Onondaga War Memorial
| 0–1
|-

References

External links
1955–56 New York Knickerbockers Statistics

New York Knicks seasons
New York
New York Knicks
New York Knicks
1950s in Manhattan
Madison Square Garden


Najeebullah Anjum (born 1955) is a Pakistani film and TV actor. He was born in Peshawar, and grew up there, attending Forward High School and later graduating from Edwardes High School.

During his career, Anjum appeared in 500 television plays for Pakistan Television Corporation by 2007.

Anjum has also worked in a few films. His debut film was Rauf Khalid's 2003 period drama Laaj. He also acted in Shoaib Mansoor's 2007 contemporary drama Khuda Ke Liye.

Filmography
 Laaj (2003)
 Khuda Ke Liye (2007)
 Revenge of the Worthless (2015)

Awards
Anjum was awarded Pride of Performance, best PTV actor in 1986 and the Medal of Excellence in 2005.

See also
 List of Lollywood actors

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
Pashtun male actors
People from Peshawar
Pakistani male film actors
Pakistani male television actors


The Platinum Collection compiles all 9 singles that Glen Campbell released on Atlantic Records (1982 - 1986) plus 11 album tracks from two of his albums from that period: Old Home Town (1982) and Letter to Home (1984).

Track listing
 "Old Home Town" (David Pomeranz) - 3:43
 "I Love How You Love Me" (Mann, Kolber) - 2:35
 "On The Wings Of My Victory" (Corbin) - 3:36
 "Faithless Love" (J.D. Souther) - 3:16
 "A Lady Like You" (Weatherley, Stegall) - 3:34
 "(Love Always) Letter To Home" (Carl Jackson) - 2:58
 "It's Just A Matter Of Time" (Benton, Otis, Hendricks) - 2:28
 "Cowpoke" (Jones) - 2:46
 "Call Home" (Reid, Seals)  - 3:28
 "An American Trilogy" (Traditional, Arr. by Mickey Newberry) - 3:46
 "Goodnight Lady" (Nobles, Cannon)  - 4:09
 "After The Glitter Fades" (Stevie Nicks) - 2:46
 "Tennessee" (Michael Smotherman) - 3:04
 "Hang On Baby (Ease My Mind) " (Joe Rainey, Rogers) - 2:33
 "A Few Good Men" (Joe Rainey) - 3:10
 "I Was Too Busy Loving You" (Jimmy Webb) - 3:12
 "Ruth" (Jud Strunk) - 3:02
 "A Woman's Touch" (Jerry Fuller) - 3:16
 "Blues (My Naughty Sweetie Gives To Me) (Swanstrom, McCarron, Morgan) - 2:34
 "Mull of Kintyre" (Paul McCartney, Denny Laine) - 4:20

Production
Original recordings produced by Jerry Fuller, Harold Shedd
Compilation - Gary Wallington
Project Manager -Joe Arditti
Mastered at Heathmans Studio
Made in England for Warner Music UK Ltd.

2006 compilation albums
Glen Campbell compilation albums
Rhino Records compilation albums


Duchess Marie Eleonore of Cleves (16 June 1550 – 1 June 1608) was the Duchess of Prussia by marriage to Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia. She was the eldest child of William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and Maria of Austria.

Life
She was the maternal granddaughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, and sister of John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.

While her father was a Roman Catholic, Marie Eleonore displayed firm Lutheran sympathies early on. Her father was afraid that she would influence her younger sisters with her religious views, and therefore wished to have her married to someone of her own religious convictions as soon as possible in order to remove her from his domains, and thus considered grooms for his daughter that he would not otherwise have considered. Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia, the son of Albert of Prussia, was thus accepted as a suitor, despite showing mental disorders. The wedding was conducted in 1573, and Marie Eleonore departed to Lutheran Prussia.

In 1577, her mentally ill spouse was placed under the regency of his cousin George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, which made the position of Marie Eleonore more difficult at the Ducal court of Königsberg. In 1591, she returned with her daughters to Jülich, where she remained until 1592.  She arranged the marriage of her daughters to German princes to avoid them being married by the Regency Council to Polish suitors, and by the marriage alliances she arranged, she ensured that the Duchy of Jülich would pass to Brandenburg after the death of her brother.

Issue
 Anna of Prussia (3 July 1576 – 30 August 1625); married John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg.
 Duchess Marie of Prussia (23 January 1579 – 21 February 1649); married Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.
 Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia (1 June 1580 – 8 October 1580).
 Duchess Sofie of Prussia (31 March 1582 – 4 December 1610); married Wilhelm Kettler of Courland.
 Duchess Eleonore of Prussia (22 August 1583 – 31 March/9 April 1607); married Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg.
 Duke Wilhelm Frederick of Prussia (23 June 1585 – 18 January 1586).
 Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia (31 December 1586 – 22 February 1659); married John George I, Elector of Saxony.

Ancestors

References

|-

1550 births
1608 deaths
People from the Duchy of Cleves
Nobility from Düsseldorf
Queens consort of Prussia
Duchesses of Prussia
House of La Marck


Tran-Sister was the first and only single released by the new wave band Neo, fronted by ex-Milk 'N' Cookies guitarist Ian North (vocals). Then, North, born in New York, was living in England since 1976, after the demise of his proto punk band Milk 'N' Cookies. Recorded by North and session musicians, who were Steve Byrd (guitar), John McCoy (bass) and Bryson Graham (drums). Byrd and McCoy left to join Gillan shortly afterwards. North returned to USA in 1979, after his VISA ran out.

By the time, a then waited album was also recorded, Neo, which was released in 1979, after Neo split up and North decided to be a solo artist. Neo was released as an Ian North album.

Track listing
 A1: "Tran-Sister" - 2:28
 B1: "A Failed Pop Song" - 2:24

Personnel

Members of Neo
 Ian North: vocals
 Steve Byrd: guitar
 John McCoy: bass guitar
 Bryson Graham: drums

Producers
 Ian North (A1)
 Steve Royal (B1)

External links
 Discography — Neo, Ian North

1978 debut singles
1978 songs
Jet Records singles
British new wave songs
Song articles with missing songwriters


McGee Creek State Park is a state park in southern Oklahoma. The park is on the south side of McGee Creek Reservoir, which impounds the waters of McGee Creek. Created in 1985 the reservoir provides flood control. The park is approximately  and the reservoir is approximately . Its main staple is recreational and sport fishing. The main fish fished for in this park include Crappie, Sunfish, Largemouth bass, and Channel catfish. The McGee Creek Wildlife Management area is located between the two arms of the reservoir.

Bear and deer are among the animals present. Shortleaf pine, though near its western limit, is abundant.

When the park, the lake and the Wildlife Management Area are considered together, the total protected area around the lake is about .

McGee Creek Natural Scenic Recreation Area is connected to with McGee Creek State Park. Both are a part of the McGee Creek Wildlife Management Area. The Natural Scenic Recreation Area is located in the top northeast area of the wildlife refuge. Activities in the Scenic Recreation Area include horseback riding, hiking, mountain biking, camping, fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and bouldering.

Proposed park closure in 2018

In March 2017, the Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation published a list of 16 state parks that may be closed to help offset a reduction in its budget for 2018. McGee Creek State Park is on this list. This list represents approximately one-half of the parks remaining after the department closed seven parks in 2011.

References

Protected areas of Atoka County, Oklahoma
State parks of Oklahoma


Kevin Eugene Hagen (born March 8, 1960) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from  through  for the St. Louis Cardinals. Listed at 6' 2", 185 lb., Hagen batted and threw right-handed. He attended Bellevue Community College.

In a two-season career, Hagen posted a 3–2 record with a 4.25 ERA in 13 appearances, including four starts, giving up 17 runs (three unearned) on 43 hits and eight walks while striking out nine in  innings of work.

External links
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet

1960 births
Living people
St. Louis Cardinals players
Bellevue Bulldogs baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Gastonia Cardinals players
Arkansas Travelers players
Louisville Redbirds players
Maine Guides players
Portland Beavers players
Tucson Toros players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Sportspeople from Renton, Washington
Baseball players from King County, Washington


The Mount School may refer to:

 The Mount School, Mill Hill, an independent GSA day school in Mill Hill, London, England, for girls aged 3–16
 The Mount School, York, a Quaker independent GSA day and boarding school in York, England, for girls aged 11–18


Hex file, hex file format or hex record may refer to:

 Intel hex format, a hex file format by Intel since 1973
 Digital Research hex format, a hex file format by Digital Research
 elektor assembler hex format (EASM), a hex file format by elektor
 Microchip Technology hex format, a hex file format by Microchip
 MOS Technology file format, a hex file format by MOS Technology
 Motorola hex format, a hex file format by Motorola
 Tektronix hex format, hex file format by Tektronix
 Texas Instruments hex format, a hex file format by Texas Instruments
 Texas Instruments TI-TXT (TI Text)
 Universal hex format, a hex file format by the BBC/Micro:bit
 Zilog hex format, a hex file format by Zilog

See also
 Hex dump
 Hexadecimal notation
 Alphanumeric executable
 Executable ASCII code
 IBM hexadecimal floating-point
 P notation


Lithuania–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between Lithuania and Russia. Lithuania has an embassy in Moscow and consulates in Kaliningrad and Sovetsk. Russia has an embassy in Vilnius. The two countries share a common border through Kaliningrad Oblast.

In response to 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Bucha massacre, in April 2022, Lithuania downgraded the diplomatic relations and expelled the Russian ambassador. As of 2022, the relations between the countries have been reduced to the bare minimum.

History

Medieval period

The origins of the relations between contemporary Lithuania and Russia can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when the expanding Grand Duchy of Lithuania came into contact with the Principality of Moscow. The rivalry between the Lithuanian dukes and Muscovite princes began in the first half of the 14th century and soon resulted in Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372).
In this conflict, the Principality of Tver sided with Lithuania. The conflict resumed again in the 15th century, as the rulers of both powers had aspirations to seize the territories of the former Kievan Rus', resulting in a number of campaigns, territorial changes, complex alliances and regional rulers changing sides. On 31 August 1449, the Casimir IV Jagiellon and Vasily II of Moscow signed the first treaty between Lithuania and Muscovy, referred to as the Treaty of Eternal Peace (1449) (, ). The wars continued in 1487–1494, 1500–1503 and 1512–1522 with a number of truce and peace treaties signed in this period.

Post-medieval period
After the Union of Lublin in 1569, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Meanwhile, Ivan IV seized the territories in the north and, in 1547, consolidated them under the Tsardom of Russia. Both states continued to have wars, either directly or within alliances, throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Following the Great Northern War, which involved many European powers, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth began to decline and was eventually partitioned by the neighbouring powers. After the third partition in 1795, the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania was taken over by the Russian Empire. The new provinces were often called "Lithuanian", but in 1840, Nicholas I prohibited the use of the name. There were two major rebellions against the Russian rule, the November Uprising of 1830 and the January Uprising of 1863, but they failed to restore the Polish–Lithuanian state.

20th century

During the 1905 Russian Revolution, a large congress of Lithuanian representatives in the Great Seimas of Vilnius demanded a wide political autonomy for Lithuania (by which they meant the northwestern portion of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania) on 5 December of that year. The tsarist regime made a number of concessions as the result of the 1905 uprising. The Baltic states once again were permitted to use their native languages in schooling and public discourse, and Catholic churches were again built in Lithuania. Latin alphabet was restored after a period of the Lithuanian press ban. However, even Russian liberals were not prepared to concede autonomy similar to the degree it already existed in Estonia and Latvia, albeit under Baltic German hegemony. Many Baltic Germans looked toward aligning the Baltics (Lithuania and Courland in particular) with Germany.

After the outbreak of hostilities in World War I, Germany occupied Lithuania and Courland in 1915. Vilnius fell to the Germans on 19 September 1915 and Lithuania was incorporated into Ober Ost under a German government of occupation. As open annexation could result in a public-relations backlash, the Germans planned to form a network of formally independent states that would in fact be dependent on Germany. However, the defeat of Germany in World War I and the October Revolution in Russia created an opportunity for the Lithuanian leaders to organize the Vilnius Conference and begin the process of reestablishing a fully independent Lithuanian state. On 18 February 1918, the Council of Lithuania signed the Act of Independence of Lithuania, proclaiming the Republic of Lithuania.

Interwar period

During the Soviet westward offensive of 1918–19, which followed the retreating German troops, a Lithuanian–Soviet War was fought between the newly independent Lithuania and the Soviet Russia. At the same time, the Soviet Russia created short-lived puppet states: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic which was soon merged into the Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. However, the Soviet military campaign was unsuccessful and the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty was signed on 12 July 1920. In the treaty, the Soviet Russia recognized fully independent Lithuania, including its claims to the disputed Vilnius Region.

Following the peace treaty with Soviet Russia, Lithuania secretly allowed the Soviet forces passage through its territory as they moved against Poland. On 14 July 1920, the advancing Soviet army captured Vilnius and returned it to Lithuanians, but on 26 August 1920 the city was again captured by the Polish army which defeated the Soviets. To prevent further fighting, the Suwałki Agreement was signed by Poland and Lithuania on 7 October 1920; it left Vilnius on the Lithuanian side of the armistice line. It never went into effect, however, because Polish General Lucjan Żeligowski, acting on Józef Piłsudski's orders, staged the Żeligowski's Mutiny, a military action presented as a mutiny. He invaded Lithuania on 8 October 1920, captured Vilnius the following day, and established a short-lived Republic of Central Lithuania in eastern Lithuania on 12 October 1920. The "Republic" was a part of Piłsudski's federalist scheme, which never materialized due to opposition from both Polish and Lithuanian nationalists.

On 30 December 1922, Soviet Russia was incorporated into the Soviet Union, and the latter state inherited the Lithuania–Russia relations.

The Third Seimas of Lithuania was elected in May 1926. For the first time, the bloc led by the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party lost their majority and went into opposition. It was sharply criticized for signing the Soviet–Lithuanian Non-Aggression Pact, even though it affirmed Soviet recognition of Lithuanian claims to Poland-held Vilnius.

World War II

At the beginning of World War II, when the Soviet Union invaded Poland, Soviet troops took over Vilnius Region. The region belonged to Interwar Poland, but according to the 1920 Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty and later treaties it was recognized to Lithuania. As a result, Soviets and Germans re-negotiated the secret protocols of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. On 28 September 1939, they signed the Boundary and Friendship Treaty. Its secret attachment detailed that to compensate the Soviet Union for German-occupied Polish territories, Germany would transfer Lithuania, except for a small territory in Suvalkija, to the Soviet sphere of influence. The exchange of territories was also motivated by Soviet control of Vilnius: the Soviet Union could exert significant influence on the Lithuanian government, which claimed Vilnius to be its de jure capital. In the secret protocols, both Soviet Union and Germany explicitly recognized Lithuanian interest in Vilnius. Accordingly, by the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty of 10 October 1939, Lithuania would acquire about one fifth of the Vilnius Region, including Lithuania's historical capital, Vilnius, and in exchange would allow five Soviet military bases with 20,000 troops to be established across Lithuania.

After months of intense propaganda and diplomatic pressure, the Soviets issued an ultimatum on 14 June 1940. Soviets accused Lithuania of violating the treaty and abducting Russian soldiers from their bases. Soviets demanded that a new government, which would comply with the Mutual Assistance Treaty, would be formed and that an unspecified number of Soviet troops would be admitted to Lithuania. With Soviet troops already in the country, it was impossible to mount military resistance. Soviets took control of government institutions, installed a new pro-Soviet puppet government, and announced elections to the People's Seimas. Following the sham election, the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was incorporated into the Soviet Union on 3 August 1940. One local Communist party emerged from underground with 1500 members in Lithuania.

Soviet occupation 1944-1991

In the summer of 1944, the Soviet Red Army reached eastern Lithuania. By July 1944, the area around Vilnius came under control of the Polish Resistance fighters of the Armia Krajowa, who also attempted a takeover of the German-held city during the ill-fated Operation Ostra Brama. The Red Army captured Vilnius with Polish help on 13 July. The Soviet Union re-occupied Lithuania and Joseph Stalin re-established the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1944 with its capital in Vilnius. The Soviets secured the passive agreement of the United States and Great Britain (see Yalta Conference and Potsdam Agreement) to this annexation. By January 1945, the Soviet forces captured Klaipėda on the Baltic coast. The heaviest physical losses in Lithuania during World War II were suffered in 1944–45, when the Red Army pushed out the Nazi invaders. It is estimated that Lithuania lost 780,000 people between 1940 and 1954 under the Nazi and Soviet occupations.

After Stalin's death in 1953, the deportees were slowly and gradually released. The last deportees were released only in 1963. Some 60,000 managed to return to Lithuania, while 30,000 were prohibited from settling back in their homeland. Soviet authorities encouraged the immigration of non-Lithuanian workers, especially Russians, as a way of integrating Lithuania into the Soviet Union and encouraging industrial development, but in Lithuania this process did not assume the massive scale experienced by other European Soviet republics.

As allies of the Soviet Union during World War II, the United States and the United Kingdom recognized the occupation of the Republic of Lithuania at Yalta Conference in 1945 de facto. However, the US, UK her Western governments did not recognize the seizure of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in 1940 and in 1944 de jure according to the Welles Declaration of 23 July 1940. As a result of this doctrine, most Western countries continue to recognize Lithuania as an independent, sovereign de jure state subject to international law represented by the legations appointed by the pre-1940 state which functioned through the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service.

 Soviet repressions

During the occupation of Lithuania, at least 130,000 people, 70% of them women and children, were forcibly transported to labor camps and other forced settlements in remote parts of the Soviet Union, such as the Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai. Among the deportees were about 4,500 Poles. These deportations did not include Lithuanian partisans or political prisoners (approximately 150,000 people) deported to Gulag forced labor camps. Deportations of the civilians served a double purpose: repressing resistance to Sovietization policies in Lithuania and providing free labor in sparsely inhabited areas of the Soviet Union. Approximately 28,000 of Lithuanian deportees died in exile due to poor living conditions.

In 1956 and 1957, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved releases of larger groups of the deportees, including the Lithuanians. Deportees started returning in large numbers creating difficulties for local communists – deportees would petition for return of their confiscated property, were generally considered unreliable and required special surveillance. Soviet Lithuanian officials, including Antanas Sniečkus, drafted local administrative measures prohibiting deportee return and petitioned Moscow to enact national policies to that effect. In May 1958, the Soviet Union revised its policy regarding the remaining deportees: all those who were not involved with the Lithuanian partisans were released, but without the right to return to Lithuania. The last Lithuanians—the partisan relatives and the partisans—were released only in 1960 and 1963 respectively. Majority of the deportees released in May 1958 and later never returned to Lithuania.

About 60,000 deportees returned to Lithuania. Upon return, they faced further difficulties: their property was long looted and divided up by strangers, they faced discrimination for jobs and social guarantees, their children were denied higher education. Former deportees, resistance members, and their children were not allowed to integrate into the society. That created a permanent group of people that opposed the regime and continued non-violent resistance.

Lithuania restores independence
Lithuania declared sovereignty on its territory on 18 May 1989 and restored independence from the Soviet Union on 11 March 1990 as the Republic of Lithuania. It was the first Soviet republic to do so. All legal ties of the Soviet Union's sovereignty over the republic were cut as Lithuania declared the restitution of its independence. The Soviet Union claimed that this declaration was illegal, suggesting that Lithuania had to follow the process of secession mandated in the Soviet Constitution. Lithuania claimed that the Soviet annexation itself was illegal and claimed state continuity. In January 1991, during the January Events, Soviet military attempted to crack down on the Lithuanian independence, killing 4 civilians and injuring over 140. 14 civilians were killed and over 140 were injured. Following the failed 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, most countries recognized the Lithuanian independence, and the Soviet Union itself did that on 6 September 1991.

Lithuania and the Russian Federation

On 27 July 1991, the Russian government re-recognized Lithuania and the two countries re-established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1991. President Boris Yeltsin and the Chairman of the Supreme Council Vytautas Landsbergis met to discuss economic ties. The Russian troops stayed in Lithuania for an additional three years, as Boris Yeltsin linked the issue of Russian minorities with troop withdrawals. Lithuania was the first to have the Russian troops withdrawn from its territory in August 1993. Since the reestablishment of independence, only two Lithuanian leaders have visited Moscow: one by Algirdas Brazauskas in 1997 and Valdas Adamkus in 2001 and 2005. A planned 1999 trip to Moscow was reportedly canceled due to Boris Yeltsin's illness. The first telephone conversation took place between Dalia Grybauskaitė and Dmitry Medvedev in 2009.

Following Russia's military intervention in Ukraine, concerns about the geopolitical environment led Lithuania to begin preparing for a possibility of a military conflict with Russia. In December 2014, Russia carried out a military drill in nearby Kaliningrad with 55 naval vessels and 9,000 soldiers. In 2015, Lithuanian Chief of Defence Jonas Vytautas Žukas announced plans to reinstate conscription, which ended in 2008, to bolster the ranks of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The Ministry of National Defence also published a 98-page manual for citizens to prepare them for a possibility of armed conflict or occupation. In 2017, NATO Enhanced Forward Presence was deployed to Lithuania and other NATO members in the eastern flank.

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Following the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Lithuania has strongly condemned the invasion and called for military, economic and humanitarian aid for Ukraine. President of Lithuania Gitanas Nausėda declared a state of emergency on 24 February 2022. On the same day, Lithuania also requested NATO to activate the Article 4 on joint consultations.

Together with the other EU member states, Lithuania banned Russian language media channels and imposed sanctions on Russia, and Russia, in turn, added all EU countries to the list of "unfriendly nations". Soon after Lithuania expelled four Russian diplomats. On 4 April, in response to the Bucha massacre, Lithuania expelled the Russian ambassador and closed the consulate in Klaipėda. In April 2022, the Russian government decided to withdraw its consent to the functioning of the Consulate-General of Lithuania in Saint Petersburg.

On May 10, Lithuania's Seimas voted unanimously to describe Russia's actions in Ukraine as constituting terrorism and genocide. The motion described Russia's war crimes in Ukraine as including "deliberate killing of civilians, mass rape, forcible relocation of Ukrainian citizens to Russia and the destruction of economic infrastructure and cultural sites". The motion claimed that Russian forces were targeting Ukrainian civilian sites for bombing and described Russia as a state which "supports and perpetrates terrorism". In response to the resolution, Leonid Slutsky stated that the resolution was part of an "anti-Russia project", accused Lithuania of Russophobia and said that "the level of relations with Lithuania has already been lowered significantly".

On 8 June 2022 Russian parliamentarian Yevgeny Alexeyevich Fyodorov submitted a bill to the Duma to repeal the recognition by the Russian state of Lithuania's independence. He thought that in this way the other two Baltic states might have their independence reversed too. An academic from the Institute of Commonwealth of Independent States brought up several expansionist devices and suggested that the Baltic States were "making the same mistake as Ukraine, which believed that the Russian Federation would never send troops because the United States was behind it." Towards the end of June, Lithuania announced that it would be blocking the transport of Russian goods through their territory from mainland Russia to Kaliningrad. Russia criticised Lithuania for this.

In September 2022, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia have decided to close entry for the Russian citizens with Schengen visas, including those issued by third countries. In 2022, around 4,000 Russian citizens applied for a residence permit in Lithuania, while 38 had their permanent residence permit revoked over security concerns.

In December 2022, diplomatic relations between Lithuania and Russia were downgraded to the level of acting chargé d'affaires after the Russian ambassador was expelled and the Lithuanian ambassador recalled.

In August 2023, following a survey, Lithuania announced that 254 Russian and 910 Belarusian citizens living in Lithuania posed a threat to national security and that their residence permits will be revoked.

In September 2023, following the new explanation of the EU sanctions by the European Commission, Lithuania together with the other Baltic States and Finland banned the vehicles with the Russian license plates from entering their territory.

Ambassadors

Lithuanian
Egidijus Bičkauskas (1993–1998, plenipotentiary representative)
 (1999–2000, 2006–2007)
 (2000–2002)
Rimantas Šidlauskas (2002–2008)
Antanas Vinkus (2009–2011)
 (2012–2014)
 (2015–2020)
 (2020–2022; recalled due to Russo-Ukrainian War)

Russian
See :ru:Список послов СССР и России в Литве (List of ambassadors of the USSR and Russia in Lithuania)
 Nikolai Obertydhev () (1992–1996)
 Konstantin Mozel () (1996–1999)
 Yuri Zubakov () (1999–2003)
 Boris Cepov () (2003–2008)
 Vladimir Chkhikvadze () (2008–2013)
 Aleksandr Udaltsov () (2013–2022)

See also
Foreign relations of Lithuania
Foreign relations of Russia
Lithuania–Russia border
Lithuania–Ukraine relations

References

Bibliography

External links

  Treaties signed between Lithuania and Russia
  Embassy of Lithuania in Moscow
  Embassy of Russia in Vilnius

Russia
Bilateral relations of Russia


The 2011 Rugby World Cup qualifying process ended with a play-off to decide the 20th and final qualifier. Four teams, the best non-qualifier from each region except Oceania, competed for the last place at the 2011 Rugby World Cup finals in New Zealand. Romania beat Uruguay in the play-off final, and went on to compete in Pool B in New Zealand, along with Argentina, England, Scotland and Georgia.

The play-off was contested on a knockout basis, with a semi-final and a two-legged home and away final. One semi-final featured Romania, the winner of the European Nations Cup Champions Playoff Series, defeating Tunisia, the loser of the African final.  The other saw Uruguay, the loser of Round Four of the Americas qualification, beat Kazakhstan, the second-place finisher at the 2010 Asian Five Nations.

The host of each semi-final was the team with the higher IRB Ranking at the moment when it became known who the two teams were.

Romania won the final over Uruguay with a victory and a draw to qualify for the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

Participants

* IRB World Rankings on 22 May 2010, the date that both the Asia and Americas qualifiers were known.
** IRB World Rankings on 5 June 2010, the date that both the African and European qualifiers were known.

Preliminary round

Qualification final

First leg

Second leg

Sources
Official site

2011
Play-off
2010–11 in Romanian rugby union
rugby union
rugby union
rugby union

de:Rugby-Union-Weltmeisterschaft 2011/Qualifikation
fr:Qualifications pour la Coupe du monde de rugby à XV de 2011
it:Coppa del Mondo di rugby 2011 (Qualificazioni)


Zoltán Gyimesi (born 31 March 1977) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster and national champion in 2005. He has participated in four Chess Olympiads (1998, 2002, 2004, 2006) with a record of +11=18-4. In 2002, at the 35th Chess Olympiad, the Hungarian team won the silver medal with Gyimesi on the fourth board.

In 2004, he tied for 1st-6th with Evgeniy Najer, Artyom Timofeev, Kaido Külaots, Sergey Grigoriants and Oleg Korneev in the Cappelle-la-Grande Open. In 2005 he won the Hungarian Chess Championship, the EU Individual Open Chess Championship and the European Rapid Chess Championship.

Gyimesi is married to IM Nóra Medvegy.

References

External links
Zoltan Gyimesi games at 365Chess.com

1977 births
Living people
Hungarian chess players
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors


Ratnachura  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,526 people living in 417 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


The 105th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in South Central Pennsylvania and has been represented since 2023 by Justin C. Fleming.

District profile
The 105th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Dauphin County. It includes Sand Beach. It is made up of the following areas:

 Dauphin County
 Lower Paxton Township (PART)
 Precincts 01, 02, 05, 06, 07, 08, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 25, and 26
 Susquehanna Township
 Penbrook

Representatives

Recent election results

References

External links
District map from the United States Census Bureau
Pennsylvania House Legislative District Maps from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.
Population Data for District 105 from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.

Government of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
105


Sarfeher is a white Hungarian wine grape planted primarily in the Great Hungarian Plain. In addition to making still, varietal wines Sarfeher is also used in sparkling wine production.

References

White wine grape varieties


Golden Princess Film Production () was a Hong Kong production company and film distributor.

The company was established as Golden Princess Amusement Co. Ltd., which originally distributed Western films and ran a circuit of theatres located on the major streets of Hong Kong in the late 1970s, with the backing of Lawrence Louey, a director of Kowloon Development whose family then owned Kowloon Motor Bus.

Having invested in independent film companies like Cinema City, Always Good and Magnum in 1980s, Golden Princess began to distribute Chinese films and, together with Cinema City, became the third power of Hong Kong cinema, competing with Shaw Brothers and Golden Harvest for nearly a decade.

Later, when Cinema City's productions slowed down, Golden Princess set up its own company, Golden Princess Film Production Ltd. The first film made was I Love Maria/Roboforce. It also produced a number of films directed by John Woo before he moved to Hollywood, including The Killer, Bullet in the Head, The 10,000 Bullets, Once a Thief and Hard Boiled.

With the decline of the Hong Kong film market in the mid-1990s, Golden Princess eventually withdrew from the cinema operation, film distribution and production businesses. Its last film was Peace Hotel in 1995, which was also the last Hong Kong film in which Chow Yun Fat starred before moving to Hollywood. Its films were acquired by Star TV.

References

External links
 Golden Princess Film Production Ltd. at the IMDb

Film production companies of Hong Kong


The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) 19in Express Goods Class, otherwise known as the Experiment Goods Class was a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives.  They were essentially a smaller wheeled version of the Whale's Experiment Class and were an early attempt at a mixed traffic engine.

Career
Crewe built 170 engines between 1906 and 1909.  The LNWR reused numbers from withdrawn locomotives, so the numbering was haphazard.  All passed onto LMS ownership in 1923.  The LMS gave them the power classification 4F.  The LMS renumbered them into the more logical series 8700–8869.  Withdrawals started in 1931.  British Railways acquired three 8801/24/34 in 1948, but all were withdrawn by 1950 before they could receive their allocated numbers 48801/24/34.  None were preserved.

References

External links
 LNWRS page
 railuk page

Experiment Goods
4-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1906
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain


The Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad was a  narrow-gauge railroad in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.  Originally built in 1871, it may have been the first American common-carrier narrow-gauge railroad.   It purchased a rail line called the Coal Hill Coal Railroad from the Pittsburgh Coal Company, and used a coal mine under Mt. Washington  as a tunnel to transport coal from Castle Shannon, Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh.  Passenger traffic was added soon afterwards, and the train carried passengers during the day and coal at night.  The original plan was to extend the line to Finleyville, Pennsylvania, but the original narrow-gauge line ran only as far as Castle Shannon. The right of way continued as the Pittsburgh, Castle Shannon and Washington Railroad, later to become part of the Pittsburgh Southern Railroad.

In spite of its location above the rivers in Pittsburgh, it sustained flood damage on at least one occasion. The Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Tunnel was closed to passenger traffic in 1880, but coal trains continued to use it until 1912. Passengers continued to travel over Mt. Washington via two inclines, the Castle Shannon Incline and a "back" incline.  The right of way, excluding the tunnel through the coal mine,  was leased by Pittsburgh Railways in 1905, and later purchased in 1950.  The railroad ran with a dual-gauge system, with coal trains continuing to run on the narrow gauge, and at night, and trolleys on a wider gauge (). The right of way is part of the Pittsburgh Light Rail transportation system today, from South Hills Junction to Library, Pennsylvania.

See also
 Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Tunnel
 Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane
 Castle Shannon Incline

References

External links

Pittsburgh & Castle Shannon Narrow Gauge Railroad
The Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad
Notes on the Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad

Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
History of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
Transportation in Pittsburgh
Narrow gauge railroads in Pennsylvania
3 ft 4 in gauge railways in the United States


The Vishahareswara Temple is a temple to Shiva in the Thiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The temple was built in the early 9th century in the village of Kodandaramapuram, which later became part of Avanam Paruthiyur, situated on the banks of the Kudamurutti River, a distributary of the Kaveri.  The presiding deity of this temple is a form of Shiva called Vishahareswarar, and his consort Prasanna Parvathy Devi. The temple today is an ancient heritage symbol of the village. The temple was one of the 108 Shiva temples built by Cholan Aditya Varman 1, on the banks of the Kaveri.

Mythology

Once Rahu approached with his mouth agape to eclipse the Sun, he became very angry when he saw the burning rays of the Sun. He began to emit poisonous breath in his serpent form, blackening the face of the Sun.

Having lost his glorious face by Rahu's poisonous breath, the Sun sought the favor of Lord Shiva and worshiped him on the northern banks of the Kudamurutti River, a tributary of the Kaveri, under a Bilwa Tree. First Goddess Parvathy Devi blessed Sun, and then Lord Shiva himself joined her and the divine couple blessed him. Lord Shiva relieved the Sun of the evil effects of Rahus's poison and the Sun regained His charm and brightness. Rahu then felt remorse for his actions and begged Lord Shiva's pardon.

The Shiva temple that was built here to commemorate Shiva blessing the Surya. The temple hosts Shiva as Vishahareswarar, which means "poison remover", along with his consort Prasanna Parvathi Devi. Paruthiyur Vishahareshwarar temple is famous and very auspicious.

Festivals

The temple is open to the public mornings and evenings. Shivarathri is celebrated in a special way in this temple. Also, it is said that the poison of a snake will be ineffective at this place. Though there are many snakes and cobras in every nook and corner of the village, there has never been a snakebite or poison attack. It is also believed that worshiping Shiva & Parvathy here gets one relieved of the evil effects of Rahu, Kethu and Mars, and also finalizes marriages. Parithi means the Sun. Since it was here where the Sun worshiped Lord Shiva, this holy place got the name Parithipuram. People with poisonous bites and deadly diseases come from distant places and to pray to Vishahareswarar, the poison remover.

History

This Vishahareswara temple was built by Aditya Chola (C.E. 870-901). The Chola name for the temple was THIRU ADITTECHARAM. The temple was renovated and taken care by a great Shiva Bhakta by the name Paruthiyur Venkatesha Sastri, popularly known as Annaval. Annaval had spent most of his time in this temple with his parayanams of the Shiva Purana, teaching the scriptures, spreading bhakti and promoting Hindu Dharma. He was an authority on Saivite traditions. Annaval addressed several issues by answering the queries on Dharma Sastram and Hindu traditions, often posed to him by Vedic scholars and pundits. His authority on the administration of dharma made many legal luminaries come to them seeking their advice on issues concerning Hindu law. Paruthiyur Venkatesha Sastri Annaval (1770–1841), along with his brother Paruthiyur Sri Krishna Sastri Ayyaval (1773–1860), were the doyen brothers of Paruthiyur and for the Hindu Religion. The great exponent of the Ramayana, Philanthropist and Pravachan Pioneer Bramasri Paruthiyur Krishna Sastrigal (1842-1911) renovated this Vishahareswarar Temple and did Kumbhabhishekam in 1905. After renovations and construction of Rajagopuram, Kumbabhishakm took place in 2017 for this temple.

See also

 Shiva Purana
 Shiva
 Paruthiyur

External links

  Paruthiyur Paramparya
Paruthiyur Krishna Sastrigal
  Paruthiyur Sthala Puranam
Vishahareshwara Temple
-
 Vishahareswara Temple Kumbabhishekam
 Virtual Lord Shiva Darshan and pilgrimage with videos and images
 Link to Indiantemples.com site
 Shiva Puranam

Shiva temples in Tiruvarur district


Shabeeba Society of Bahrain (Arabic: جمعية الشبيبة البحرينية; Youth Society of Bahrain) is a democratic youth organization in the Kingdom of Bahrain struggling for the rights of the young Bahrainis in education, health care, democracy, freedom and involvement in political life.

Shabeeba also focuses on its international action as a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth.

The work of Shabeeba is significant, being the only leftist youth organization in the Persian Gulf region. A region which suffers authoritarian and social oppression, and where there is no real democratic experience.

Shabeeba organized an international conference called "Gulf Youth and Path to Democracy" on October 31 and November 1, 2008,with broad international and local participation, and set some recommendations for the struggle for future reform in the region. Among the participants were youth and activists from Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Bahrain, Sweden, Portugal, Greece, India, Mauritius and Cyprus.

See also
 List of political parties in Bahrain

References

External links
Shabeeba official website

Bahraini uprising of 2011
Bahraini democracy movements
Organizations of the Arab Spring
Politics of Bahrain


The  Democratic Republic of the Congo national rugby union team (French: Équipe de République Démocratique du Congo de rugby à XV) represents DR Congo in men's international competitions, it is a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and have yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament.

They were due to appear in the 2008 Castel Beer Trophy, but they were replaced by Belgian club side Kibubu after they pulled out for financial reasons.

Record

Overall

See also
 Rugby union in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

References

African national rugby union teams
Rugby union in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rugby


Terret gris is a white French wine grape variety planted primarily in the Languedoc wine region. It is a mutation of the ancient Vitis vinifera vine Terret. Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) regulations allow the grape to be used in white wines from the Corbières, Coteaux du Languedoc and Minervois AOCs as well as some vin de pays. The vine has a very long history in the region and is capable of producing full bodied wines with crisp acidity.

Terret blanc is the white mutation of the grape. In official statistics, the plantings of two "light-berried" Terret grapes (as distinguished from Terret noir,  one of the permitted blending grapes for Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC) are often counted together. The varieties reached their peak in French wine productions in the late 1980s when together the Terret varieties were the ninth most widely planted white grape variety. In the Languedoc, plantings of Terret were equal to that of Chardonnay.

Wine regions

Terret gris is most widely planted in the Languedoc region. In the late 1980s, when the variety was at its peak usage, there were over 12,300 acres (5,000 hectares) planted in the region (some plantings were likely Terret blanc which is often counted together in official statistics). The grape is a permitted variety in the white AOC wines of Corbières, Coteaux du Languedoc and Minervois, though its use in the Coteaux du Languedoc was rapidly declining at the end of the 20th century.

As of 2000, the Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO)  reported that there was 3000 hectares of the light skinned Terrets, of which approximately 2,600 ha (6,400 acres) were believed to be the Terret blanc variety in particular.

Wine styles
Terret gris produces a full bodied wine with noticeably acidity. In favorable vintages, the aromas can have a distinctive mineral note.

Synonyms
Over the years, Terret gris and its wines have been known under various synonyms including Bourret, Tarret, Terrain, Terret bourret and Terret rose.

References

White wine grape varieties


Antonín Fivébr (22 November 1888 – 26 February 1973) was a Czech football player and manager. He managed clubs such as Valencia, Spartak Moscow, and Brescia.

Career
In 1908, Fivébr joined Sparta Prague to play as a midfielder. Twelve years later in 1920, Fivébr left Sparta to join Brescia in Italy. At Brescia he became a player-manager.

Fivébr went to Spain in 1923 to become the manager of Valencia. He spent seven years as the Valencia coach in three different stints. At Valencia he won three regional championships and won promotion to La Liga in 1931. Other Spanish clubs Fivébr managed were Elche, Real Oviedo, Levante, and Real Murcia.

Fivébr moved to the Soviet Union in 1935. Shortly afterwards in 1936, Fivébr was named the first ever manager of the newly born Spartak Moscow. However, he only lasted two months on the job and was looking for work elsewhere. Fivébr would go on to manage Dynamo Leningrad, Stalinets Moscow, and clubs in Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia.

In 1938, Fivébr returned to his native Czechoslovakia, where he managed Viktoria Žižkov, Jednota Košice, and finally Spartak Trnava.

Death
Fivébr died in his home city of Prague on 26 February 1973.

References

1888 births
1973 deaths
People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
Czech men's footballers
Czechoslovak men's footballers
Footballers from Prague
Men's association football midfielders
AC Sparta Prague players
Brescia Calcio players
Brescia Calcio managers
Valencia CF managers
Real Oviedo managers
Levante UD managers
Real Murcia CF managers
FC Spartak Moscow managers
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg managers
FC VSS Košice managers
Czech football managers
Czechoslovak football managers
Expatriate football managers in Italy
Expatriate football managers in the Soviet Union
Expatriate football managers in Spain
Czechoslovak expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in the Soviet Union


Terret blanc is a white French wine grape variety growing primarily in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France. It is a mutation of the Terret vine that also spawned the dark skinned Terret noir and light-skinned Terret gris varieties.

In official statistics, the plantings of two "light-berried" Terret grapes (Blanc and Gris)  are often counted together. The varieties reached their peak in French wine productions in the late 1980s when together the Terret varieties were the ninth most widely planted white grape variety. In the Languedoc, plantings of Terret were equal to that of Chardonnay.

Wine regions and plantings

Terret blanc is a permitted grape variety in several Languedoc AOCs including:

Corbières AOC, often used in the white wines of the region. Here the grapes are often blended with Bourboulenc, Maccabeo, Grenache blanc, Malvoisie, Clairette blanche, Muscat, Marsanne, Roussanne, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Picpoul blanc. Grapes destined for white wine production must be harvested to a yield no greater than 50 hectoliters/hectare with the finished wine needing to attaining a minimum alcohol level of 11% for whites.
Coteaux du Languedoc, permitted as a blending components in the white wine along with Bourboulenc, Clairette blanche, Grenache blanc, Trebbiano, Maccabeo, Picpoul blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Rolle and Viognier. Grapes destined for AOC production must be harvested a yield no greater than 50 hl/ha with the finished wines needing to attain a minimum alcohol level of at least 11%. The minimum rises to 11.5% if the wine has a cru designation--meaning that it was grown in the specially recognized vineyards around Corbières, Mejanelle, St-Christol, Vérargues, Montpeyrous, Pic St-Loup, Quatourze, Saint-Drézéry, St-Georges d'Orques, St-Saturnin and the extinct volcano Montagne de la Clape.

Varietal Terret blancs are a specialty of the commune of Sète in the Hérault department where it is used for the local vermouth and distilled for brandy.

As of 2000, the Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO)  reported that there was 3000 hectares of the light skinned Terrets, of which approximately 2,600 ha (6,400 acres) were believed to be the Terret blanc variety in particular.

Synonyms
Known synonyms of Terret blanc include Bourret blanc, Tarret blanc and Terret monstre.

References

White wine grape varieties


The Music City Challenger is a tennis tournament held in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, since 2004. The event is part of the ATP Challenger Series and is played on indoor hard courts.

Past finals

Singles

Doubles

External links

ITF search

ATP Challenger Tour
Hard court tennis tournaments in the United States


Ratnawati  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,311 people living in 392 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Laurel Lake Wildlife Management Area is located between Dingess and Lenore in Mingo County, West Virginia. Located on  of steep terrain with narrow valleys and ridgetops, the WMA contains second growth mixed hardwoods and hemlock with thick understory of mountain laurel and rhododendron.

To reach Laurel Lake WMA from Lenore, follow Old Norfolk & Western Railroad Bed Road (County Route 3/5) east about  to Laurel Lake.

Hunting and fishing

Hunting opportunities include bear, deer, grouse, raccoon, squirrel, and turkey.

Fishing opportunities in the  Laurel Lake can include smallmouth bass, channel catfish, and bluegill.

Camping is not permitted in the WMA.  Camping and lodging are available at nearby Chief Logan State Park and Cabwaylingo State Forest.

Dingess Petroglyphs

The Dingess Petroglyphs serve as one of the more noteworthy attractions at Laurel Lake.

See also
Animal conservation
Fishing
Hunting
List of West Virginia wildlife management areas

References

External links
West Virginia DNR District 5 Wildlife Management Areas
West Virginia Hunting Regulations
West Virginia Fishing Regulations

Wildlife management areas of West Virginia
Protected areas of Mingo County, West Virginia
IUCN Category V