"Days"/"Green" is the forty-fourth single (forty-fifth overall) by the Japanese singer Ayumi Hamasaki, released on December 17, 2008. In addition to the A-sides "Days" and "Green", the single contains re-recorded versions of Hamasaki's songs "Love: Destiny" and "To Be". The single was Hamasaki's 31st single to reach number one on the Oricon chart and 19th consecutive single to do so.

The single is certified gold for shipment of 100,000 copies.

Release and packaging
"Green", one of the A-sides from the single, was released through online music store Dwango and Recochoku. It was also used in an advertisement for Panasonic. This single was released in two versions: "Days/Green" contains an updated "Love: Destiny". "Green/Days" contains an updated "To Be". Besides the B-sides, there is no difference in the two versions of the CDs other than the track order. However, the DVD of "Days/Green" contains the making of shot of the "Days" video, and the DVD of "Green/Days" contains the making of shot of the Green PV.  Each version of the single was released in CD+DVD and CD-only formats, both having slightly different cover jackets. The first press of the two CD+DVD versions was packaged in a vertically long casing, similar to the first press editions of Ayumi Hamasaki's previous single "Mirrorcle World". Some online retailers included a B2 size poster of the "Days/Green" CD+DVD cover for all versions of the single.

Commercial and promotional videos

The music videos for "Green"  and "Days" were shot during a tour stop in Shanghai, China.

Green premiered on November 26, 2008 on MTV Japan. The music video depicts Hamasaki as a nightclub singer in 1930s Shanghai, styled after the Ang Lee film Lust, Caution.  The video reportedly costs $1,600,000 and is directed by Kazuyoshi Shimomura. In the video, Ayumi rushes to a cabaret where she performs. As she is performing, a woman (Played by Saito Midori) is enticed by her presence. Later on, the woman finally dances with her.

Days was Hamasaki's first music video to be shot in anamorphic 16:9 widescreen. Retailer Peach John sold a limited-edition replica of the outfit Hamasaki wore in the "Days" music video. The music video premiered December 3, 2008. The music video is set in a ghetto and she plays a sweet girl who gets woken by her boyfriend"s motorcycle, Ayumi goes downstairs and her boyfriend gives her a helmet, she then goes out with her boyfriend and she sees a ring she wants and starts asking her boyfriend, but he rejects. She is also trying to get his attention at his Dance classes, but he ignores. It goes back to the scene where she gets woken up by the motorcycle, Ayumi goes downstairs and greets her boyfriend, but he gives a helmet to another woman who is wearing the ring she wanted. She walks away, heartbroken and her friends come to Ayumi and the video ends. Scenes of Ayumi in a basement were also shown throughout the music video.

Track listing

Live performances
December 3, 2008 - FNS (Days)
December 5, 2008 - Music Station (Days)
December 16, 2008 - Best Artist 2008 (Days)
December 23, 2008 - Happy Xmas Show!! (evolution and Days)

Charts

Oricon Sales Chart

Billboard Japan

Digital Sales Charts

See also
List of most expensive music videos

References

Avex

2008 songs
Ayumi Hamasaki songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Billboard Japan Hot 100 number-one singles
Songs written by Ayumi Hamasaki
Songs written by Tsunku


Cecil Roland Paul (1935–1992) was a minister, educator, community leader, and academic. He died at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston after suffering a brain hemorrhage. He was the second president of the Eastern Nazarene College to die in office. The Cecil R. Paul Center for Business, part of the Adams Executive Center on the Old Colony Campus of Eastern Nazarene, is named in his honor.

Early life and education
A Canadian by birth, Paul was born in rural Alberta, in a log cabin with no running water. He would later attend Canadian Nazarene College in Red Deer, Alberta and pursue graduate study at Nazarene Theological Seminary in Kansas City, Missouri before earning a doctoral degree in psychology and pastoral counseling from Boston University.

Career and ministry
An ordained minister in the Church of the Nazarene, Paul joined the faculty of the Eastern Nazarene College in 1963, and has been credited with developing the school's psychology program. He also founded the college's division of adult and graduate studies in 1981, increasing total enrollment by nearly 50 percent. He then served from 1989 to 1992 as president of the college. Paul also founded the Beechwood Community Life Center, also in Wollaston, Massachusetts, and was a co-founder of the Senior Olympics.

Notes and references

1935 births
1992 deaths
Presidents of Eastern Nazarene College
People from Quincy, Massachusetts
Ambrose University College alumni
Church of the Nazarene ministers
People from Alberta
Nazarene Theological Seminary alumni
Boston University School of Theology alumni
Canadian members of the Church of the Nazarene
American Nazarene ministers


Hanley railway station was built by the North Staffordshire Railway as part of the Potteries Loop Line and served the town of Hanley, Staffordshire, England.

History
The original station opened along with the first section of the Loop in 1864, but when the latter reached Burslem in 1873, a new station was built on a sharp curve (8 chains radius) in a cutting below Trinity Street. The old station remained in use for goods traffic.

No trace of the main station exists today, only real trace of the station that is still standing is the top of the station wall that can be seen near rear of the car park, the cutting is filled in and is the site of the car park of the former Grand Hotel (previously the Stakis Hotel, then the Quality Hotel and now the Best Western Hotel).

References

External links
 Hanley Station page on Potteries.org

Disused railway stations in Stoke-on-Trent
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1964
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1864
Former North Staffordshire Railway stations
Beeching closures in England


Cotalpa lanigera, also known as the Goldsmith beetle, is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae. Its adult size ranges from 19 to 26 mm. Its head and pronotum are yellow-brown, while its elytra are usually paler yellow. Nocturnally active, it may be found in late spring to early summer feeding on the leaves of trees such as poplars, silver maple, sweetgum, pear, hickory, or willow.

References

Rutelinae
Beetles described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours is a municipality in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. It is located along the Ottawa River, about  east of Gatineau. It was formerly known as Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours-Partie-Nord.  It is the least populated municipality in the Papineau Regional County Municipality.

The northern portion of the municipality is undeveloped wilderness, mostly part of the Kenauk Reserve. This  protected wilderness domain was formerly known as "Reserve de la Petite Nation", but is now a privately owned fish and game reserve of Château Montebello.

History
The area was part of the Petite-Nation Seigneury, formed in 1674  and originally owned by François de Laval, the first bishop of New France. The seigneury was acquired in 1803 by Joseph Papineau, who became its first civilian lord, and later sold it to his son Louis-Joseph Papineau.

The area became of interest economically when England was forced to rely on its colonies for wood for construction of its vessels during the Napoleonic blockade of 1807. It was full of oaks, pines, and maples regarding which Surveyor Joseph Bouchet wrote in 1815: "the terrain rises and is covered with wood of the best species: oaks are of high quality and particularly of large size, suitable for the construction of vessels."

In 1815 the original mission of Notre Dame de Bonsecours was created and in 1821 a chapel dedicated to Notre-Dame de Bonsecours (Our Lady of Good Help) was constructed. On September 31, 1831, the bishop of Quebec Bernard-Claude Panet granted a petition signed by Denis-Benjamin Papineau and over 75 tenants for the formation of a parish. His decree called the new parish Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours-de-la-Petite-Nation and also recommended the people of Bonsecours to acquire civil recognition from the Governor General of Canada, Lord Aylmer.

On June 18, 1845, the Governor General of the Province of Canada, Charles Metcalfe, established local and municipal authorities in Lower Canada, under a new law passed by the provincial Parliament. One of the new municipalities established was the Municipality of Petite-Nation, which included the Parish of Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours-de-la-Petite-Nation. However, this municipality was abolished in 1847.

On July 1, 1855, a new statute of the Province of Canada came into force, which allowed the parish to get official civilian recognition, known as Parish Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours-de-la-Petite-Nation.

On August 22, 1878, Montebello separated from the parish municipality.

In the 1870s, the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway was built, connecting Montreal to Ottawa.  The rail-line went through the municipality of Notre-Dame, in the area of the municipality which is now Fassett.  The Canadian Pacific Railway bought the line in 1882.

In the late 1890s, there was a dispute between the municipality of Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours and the Canadian Pacific Railway, which resulted in a court case that went all the way to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Britain, the highest court of appeal for the British Empire.  A ditch beside the rail-line had become clogged, resulting in flooding on the neighbouring land, owned by Julien Gervais.  The municipality issued an order to the CPR, directing it to clean the obstruction.  The CPR refused, arguing that as a federally incorporated railway, it was not required to comply with provincial law.  The Quebec courts held that the provincial law did apply, and the CPR appealed to the Judicial Committee.  In 1899, the Judicial Committee ruled in favour of the municipality and upheld the order to clean the ditch, in the case of Canadian Pacific Railway Co. v Notre Dame de Bonsecours.  The decision of the Judicial Committee continues to be cited with approval by the Supreme Court of Canada.

In 1918, the large rural and forested area of the parish municipality separated and formed the Parish Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours-Partie-Nord. In 1951, the Parish Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours became the Municipality of Fassett. And in 2003, the Parish Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours-Partie-Nord became the Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours.

Demographics

Mother tongue:
 English as first language: 5.1%
 French as first language: 91.5%
 English and French as first language: 3.4%
 Other as first language: 0%

Education
Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates Anglophone public schools:
 Laurentian Regional High School in Lachute

References

External links

Incorporated places in Outaouais
Municipalities in Quebec


Moez Zemzemi (; August 18, 1975 - May 1, 2012) was a boxer from Tunisia. He represented his native North African country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. There he was stopped in the first round of the men's bantamweight (– 54 kg) competition by Cuba's eventual gold medalist Guillermo Rigondeaux.

References
Moez Zemzemi's profile at Sports Reference.com

1975 births
2012 deaths
Flyweight boxers
Bantamweight boxers
Boxers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Tunisia
Tunisian male boxers

Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Tunisia
Competitors at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
African Games bronze medalists for Tunisia
African Games medalists in boxing
Mediterranean Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 1999 All-Africa Games
20th-century Tunisian people
21st-century Tunisian people


William Christopher Wordsworth  (1878 – 12 December 1950) was a British academic and journalist in India.

Life
Wordsworth was educated at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and Jesus College, Oxford.  In 1905, he was appointed as a lecturer at St John's College, Battersea (a predecessor institution of Plymouth Marjon University), before joining the Indian Educational Service in 1907.  He was Professor of Political Economy at the Presidency College, Calcutta and then became Assistant Director of Public Instruction for Bengal before returning to the Presidency College as Principal in 1915.  In 1917, he became Director of Public Instruction.  After his retirement, he joined The Statesman, becoming assistant editor and also acting as the Calcutta correspondent for The Times.  He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire. Wordsworth died at Alkham, near Dover, Kent on 12 December 1950, not long after returning to Britain.

References

1878 births
1950 deaths
Alumni of Aberystwyth University
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
British male journalists
Academics of Plymouth Marjon University
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Principals of Presidency University, Kolkata
The Times people


Cotalpa subcribrata is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae.

Gallery

References

Rutelinae


The 2000 Asian Super Cup was the 6th Asian Super Cup, a football match played between the winners of the previous season's Asian Club Championship and Asian Cup Winners Cup competitions. The 2000 competition was contested by Al Hilal of Saudi Arabia, who won the 1999-2000 Asian Club Championship, and Shimizu S-Pulse of Japan, the winners of the 1999–2000 Asian Cup Winners' Cup.

Route to the Super Cup

Al-Hilal

1Al-Hilal goals always recorded first.

Shimizu S-Pulse

1Shimizu S-Pulse goals always recorded first.

Game summary

|}

First leg

Second leg

References
 Asian Super Cup 2000

Asian Super Cup
Super
2000
2000
Asia
Al Hilal SFC matches
Shimizu S-Pulse matches


Émile Nouguier (17 February 1840 – 23 November 1897) was a French civil engineer and architect. He is famous for co-designing the Eiffel Tower, built 1887–1889 for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France, the Garabit viaduct, the highest in the world at the time,  near Ruynes-en-Margeride, Cantal, France, and the Faidherbe Bridge over the Sénégal River in Senegal.

In 1861 he attended and graduated the École Polytechnique in Paris, in 1862 he joined the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris from which he graduated in 1865 with the title of mining construction engineer.

Early career
After graduating, Émile Nouguier started to work for Ernest Goüin et Cie. and was involved in the construction of:
Expo Palace in Paris, 1867;
Road bridge on Rue Brémontier in Paris;
Rybinsk Bridge over the Volga in Russia;
Margaret Bridge over the Danube in Budapest, Hungary.

Career with Gustave Eiffel

In 1867 Émile Nouguier was employed by Eiffel et Cie, later the Compagnie des Establissments Eiffel  owned by Gustave Eiffel and between 1867 and 1893 he contributed to many construction projects:
Empalot Bridge, Valentine Bridge and Sarrieu Bridge over the Garonne;
Cubzac-les-Ponts Bridge over the Dordogne;
Tardes viaduct over the Tardes;
Garabit viaduct;
Port-Mort Dam over the Seine;
Eiffel Tower in Paris;
Maria Pia Bridge in Porto, Portugal;
Vianna Bridge over the Lima River in Portugal;
Railroad bridges in Portuguese provinces Minho, Douro Litoral and Beira Alta;
Railroad bridge over the Tagus in Spain;
Railroad bridges in the Spanish provinces Asturias, León and Galicia;
Railroad bridges on the Ploiești – Predeal railway in Romania;
Bridge over the Tisza near Szeged, Hungary.

Contribution to the Eiffel Tower

In 1884 Nouguier and the structural engineer Maurice Koechlin, who also worked for Eiffel, came up with the idea of a large tower to act as the centerpiece of the  Universal Exposition which was to be held in 1889. The two engineers  consulted Stephen Sauvestre, head of the architectural division of the Eiffel company, who added embellishments including  the decorative arches of the base and the glazed pavilion on the first level.
The proposal was put before Eiffel, who approved the project, and presented it to the French Minister for Trade and Industry.

In 1884 Gustave Eiffel, Émile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin registered a patent for the construction of pylons with heights of over 300 m. Later Gustave Eiffel bought the rights from the other two for one percent of the total earnings of the tower if it will be built. They received around 50,000  francs.

Last years of activity
In 1893 Nouguier resigned from the Gustave Eiffel Entreprise and became co-president of Nouguier, Kessler et Cie in Argenteuil, Île-de-France. He continued to work on many important projects, including:
Tourville Bridge and Oissel Bridge over the Seine on the Paris – Rouen railway
The compressed air foundations for the bridges at Maisons-Laffitte for the Paris – Rouen railway
Faidherbe Bridge over the Sénégal River in Senegal
The bridge at Disuq over the Nile in Egypt
Road bridges in La Chapelle Boulevard and Rue de Jessaint in Paris
Saint-Bernard Bridge in Paris.

He died, at the age of 57, on 23 November 1897, three months before the Saint-Bernard Bridge in Paris was officially opened.

In popular culture

Émile Nouguier is a main character in the 2016 novel To Capture What We Cannot Keep by British author Beatrice Colin.

References

External links
 Eiffel Tower
  Biografie
  Biografie Èmile Nouguier

1840 births
1897 deaths
French bridge engineers
French civil engineers
Structural engineers
École Polytechnique alumni


Centerville is a small community in the Town of Saugerties, Ulster County, New York, United States. Centerville is located along New York State Route 212, approximately  west of Interstate 87, and several miles east of Catskill State Park. The community is located at .

References

Hamlets in Ulster County, New York


Voznesensky Prospekt () is a 1.8 km long street in Admiralteysky District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Crossing Saint Isaac's Square, the Moika (Blue Bridge) and Griboyedov Canal (Voznesensky Bridge), the street spans from Admiralteysky Prospekt to Izmaylovsky Bridge across Fontanka, where it turns into Izmaylovsky Prospekt. According to the city plan of 1737, the center of Saint Petersburg should develop along three radial axes meeting at the Admiralty's spire: Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Prospekt. In 1923-1991 the street was named Mayorov Prospekt (Проспект Майорова) after a prominent Bolshevik killed in the Russian Civil War.

Notable buildings along the avenue
Lobanov-Rostovsky Residence

External links
Voznesensky Avenue @ Encyclopaedia of Saint Petersburg

Streets in Saint Petersburg


Askern railway station was a station on the Askern branch line of the former Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway between Doncaster and Knottingley. It served the town of Askern in South Yorkshire, England.

History
The branch line of the Wakefield, Pontefract and Goole Railway (WP&GR) between  (on the WP&GR) and Askern Junction (on the London and York Railway, a predecessor of the Great Northern Railway) was authorised on 16 July 1846. It opened on 6 June 1848, and Askern,  from Knottingley, was one of the original stations. In the meantime, the WP&GR had amalgamated with the Manchester and Leeds Railway and others on 9 July 1847 to form the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR). The L&YR became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station was closed to regular passenger traffic from 10 March 1947, and to all passenger traffic from 27 September 1948. It remained open for goods traffic until October 1964. The station was passed over to the Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation. It had been reopened for limited service by 3 August 1980 but was subsequently closed and the platforms removed.

The site today
Trains still pass the site as the line is still open for freight traffic, and since May 2010, regular passenger trains operated by Grand Central pass through to and from London King's Cross.
In September 2008, as part of Doncaster Borough Councils report on rail corridors in the borough Askern, along with seven other sites, was listed as one of the stations suitable for reopening in the future.

Potential reopening
In late 2015 the reopening of the station was raised by the residents of Askern. They presented the petition to the Mayor of Doncaster Ros Jones. Due to the building of two semi-detached properties and two blocks of flats being built next to the original foundations of the station the place for the potential rebuild would have to be moved to a more convenient space.

In March 2020, a bid was made to the Restoring Your Railway fund to get funds for a feasibility study into reinstating the line and station through Askern to local passenger trains. This bid was unsuccessful.

References

Askern station on navigable O. S. map
 Report to Doncaster Borough Council on rail corridors and the possibility of reopening stations on them. (The Star, Saturday, 14 February 2009)

Disused railway stations in Doncaster
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1948
Askern


The Lieser () is a small river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, a left tributary of the Moselle. It rises in the Eifel, near Boxberg, north of Daun. The Lieser flows south through Daun, Manderscheid and Wittlich. It flows into the Moselle west of the village of Lieser.

See also
List of rivers of Rhineland-Palatinate

References

Rivers of Rhineland-Palatinate
Rivers of the Eifel
Rivers of Germany


Uterine serous carcinoma is a malignant form of serous tumor that originates in the uterus. It is an uncommon form of endometrial cancer that typically arises in postmenopausal women. It is typically diagnosed on endometrial biopsy, prompted by post-menopausal bleeding.

Unlike the more common low-grade endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, uterine serous carcinoma does not develop from endometrial hyperplasia and is not hormone-sensitive. It arises in the setting of endometrial atrophy and is classified as a type II endometrial cancer.

Cause
Initially there is a precursor lesion called serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma. Mutation is found in TP53 gene which is a tumor suppressor gene even in precursor lesion suggesting early involvement of this gene. Also many missense mutation and mutation in PI3K and PP2A genes are involved which also contribute to this tumor.

Diagnosis

The lesion is found in patients who present typically with abnormal or postmenopausal bleeding. Such bleeding is followed by further evaluation leading to a tissue diagnosis, usually done by a dilatation and curettage. A work-up to follow would look for metastasis using imaging technology including sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The median age at diagnosis in a study of 138 women was 67 years, of these 54 had stage I, 20 stage II, 41 stage III, and 23 stage IV disease.

Histopathologically, uterine serous carcinomas is typically characterized by (1) nipple-shaped structures (papillae) with fibrovascular cores (2) marked nuclear atypia (irregularities in the nuclear membrane, enlarged nuclear size), (3) psammoma bodies and (4) cilia.

Staging

Uterine papillary serous carcinoma is staged like other forms of endometrial carcinoma at time of surgery using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cancer staging system.
Stage IA: tumor is limited to less than half the myometrium
Stage IB: invasion of more than half the myometrium
Stage II: cervical stromal invasion
Stage IIIA: tumor invades serosa or adnexa
Stage IIIB: vaginal or parametrial metastasis
Stage IIIC1: metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes
Stage IIIC2: metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes
Stage IVA: invasion of the bladder or bowel
Stage IVB: distant metastasis, including intra-abdominal or inguinal lymph nodes

Survival
In the older literature survival rates have been given as 35–50% for stage I–II and 0–15% for stage III and IV uterine papillary serous carcinoma,  More recently it was reported that forty-two percent of 138 patients were found disease-free at five years.

In 2009, the journal of "Gynecologic Oncology" reported the following 5-year survival rates based upon stage of cancer:

Stage I: 50–80%
Stage II: 50%
Stage III: 20%
Stage IV: 5% - 10%

Treatment
The primary treatment is surgical. FIGO-cancer staging is done at the time of surgery which consists of peritoneal cytology, total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic/para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy.  The tumor is aggressive and spreads quickly into the myometrium and the lymphatic system. Thus even in presumed early stages, lymphadenectomy and omentectomy should be included in the surgical approach. If the tumor has spread surgery is cytoreductive followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy.

In a study to determine if adjuvant therapy should be used in  patients with stage I uterine papillary serous carcinoma who had undergone surgery, no increased survival was seen when radiation therapy was added versus observation, while the postsurgical treatment with chemotherapy may be beneficial but more data are needed.
A study of the usefulness of platinum-based chemotherapy as an adjuvant after surgery of stage I patients showed that patients with stage 1A who had no residual disease in the hysterectomy specimen had no recurrence regardless if chemotherapy was used or not, however, patients with stage 1A disease with residual disease in the hysterectomy specimen had no recurrence with platinum-based therapy, but those who had no such chemotherapy showed recurrence in 43%. Similarly, patients with stage 1B disease with chemotherapy had no recurrence, while those without chemotherapy had a high degree (77%) of recurrence.

Trastuzumab
In a recent study, about 60% of uterine serous carcinomas were found to overexpress the protein HER2/neu—the same one that is overexpressed in some breast cancers. The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) is currently being tested as a therapy for this subset of uterine serous carcinomas.

The antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin), which is used to treat breast cancers that overexpress the HER2/neu protein, has been tried with some success in a phase II trial in women with uterine papillary serous carcinomas that overexpress HER2/neu.

Prognosis
Prognosis of uterine papillary serous carcinoma is affected by age, stage, and histology as well as treatment.

References

External links

Gynaecological cancer
Rare cancers


Steam Train Maldegem-Eeklo (Dutch: , SME), formerly Steam Centre Maldegem (Dutch: , SCM), is a heritage railway association based at the former NMBS station of Maldegem in northern Belgium. Standard gauge steam and diesel trains run on the line to Eeklo. A  narrow gauge line runs from Maldegem to Donk on the former line to Bruges; this was supplemented by the standard gauge line in 1989.

Line 58
Railway line 58 used to run from Ghent to Bruges, but half of it (between Eeklo and Bruges) was closed for passengers in 1959 and for goods in 1962 and 1967. Steam Train Maldegem-Eeklo maintains  of standard gauge tracks between Maldegem and Eeklo. In Maldegem the organization has acquired the old NMBS station and its buildings. In Balgerhoeke there is a simple station without buildings. In Eeklo, SME has its own simple Eeklo Oostveld station, but the association has also acquired permission to use track 3 of NMBS's Eeklo station, with tracks 1 and 2 still in use for mainline NMBS passenger trains. In Eeklo station SME's preserved line connects to line 58 of the national railway network of Infrabel.

Stock List

Steam locomotives

Operational
Standard Gauge
Avonside No. 1908 of 1925. Named "Fred".
La Meuse  of 1926. Named "Bébert".
St. Léonard n°947 of 1893. Build in Liège.
Hunslet, No. 3796 of 1953, WD196, "Errol Lonsdale". Previously based on the South Devon Railway in England.
 Hanomag 0-4-0WT of 1906.

Non Operational
Narrow Gauge
TKh No. 5387, named "General Maczik". Moved to SME from the Northampton & Lamport Railway in England in 2006.
Haine St. Pierre n°416 of 1891. Awaiting restoration
Orenstein & Koppel 0-4-0WT of 1911 (works number 4854). Named "Marie", Static. (First Locomotive of SME)
 "Adolphe" Tubize 4-6-2 (miniature) 1935. Built for Brussels World Fair railway. Awaiting restoration.
Standard Gauge
Haine Saint-Pierre n°1405 of 1923. Stored awaiting restoration.
 41.195 (Ex-SNCB) Macintosh superheated 0-6-0. Awaiting restoration.
 AD08 "La Meuse" (ex-CFV3V) awaiting restoration.

Diesel locomotives
Operational
Standard Gauge
SNCB Class 74 7408. Operational.
SNCB Class 80 8040. Operational.
SNCB Class 91 9151. Operational.
Narrow Gauge
Moës 4wDM.
Moës 4wDM, named "NELE".
Diema DS30-1
Non Operational
Standard Gauge
Moës shunter named "Karien"
Narrow Gauge
Moës 4wDM, to be named "Dolly", under repair.
Simplex 4wDM, Under restoration off site.

Diesel multiple units

Operational
Standard Gauge
SNCB Class 44 single car unit 4403 Operational.
SNCB Class 46 single car unit 4620 Operational.
SNCB Class 49 single car unit 4903 Operational.
SNCB Inspection unit ES202.
Non Operational
Standard Gauge
SNCB Class 44 single car unit 4405 Will be scrapped

References

External links
 Official Website

600 mm gauge railways in Belgium
Heritage railways in Belgium
Tourist attractions in East Flanders
Maldegem


Inke Arns (born 1968 in Duisdorf/Bonn) is a German curator and theorist known for her works focusing on media arts.

After having held positions at the Humboldt University of Berlin, Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig, Hochschule für Gestaltung und Kunst (HGK) in Zürich and Piet Zwart Institut in Rotterdam, she has been the artistic director of Hartware MedienKunstVerein since 2005, a contemporary art space in Dortmund, Germany. She has curated numerous exhibitions, particularly in the field of media art. Her publications include studies of the Slovenian NSK movement.

Education
She lived in Paris from 1982 to 1986, and studied Russian literature, Eastern European studies, political science, and art history in Berlin and Amsterdam from 1988 to 1996. She obtained a PhD from Humboldt University Berlin in 2004.

Exhibitions
In 2014, she curated the exhibition Böse Clowns, which presents examples from advertisement, political activism, television and film, pop music and contemporary art.

In 2017, she created the exhibition "alien matter".

Publications
Arns, I. (2002). Netzkulturen, Hamburg: Europäische Verlagsanstalt.

Arns, Inke (2015). "World of Matter", Berlin: Sternberg Press.

References

External links
 Dr. Inke Arns / Artistic Director Hartware MedienKunstVerein
 Inke Arns PACT Zollverein (in German)

Living people
1968 births
German art curators
Academic staff of the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
Mass media people from Bonn
German women curators


Man's Fate was an abandoned 1969 film adaptation of the novel Man's Fate by Andre Malraux to have been directed by Fred Zinnemann and produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).

Pre-production
Following the critical and commercial success of his 1966 film A Man for All Seasons, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and earned Zinnemann the Best Director Oscar, the filmmaker announced plans to create a film version of André Malraux's Man's Fate (La Condition Humaine), a 1933 novel about the failed 1927 Communist revolution that took place in Shanghai, China, and the existential quandaries facing a group of people whose lives were changed by the event.

"I had an enormous, enormous need to do Man's Fate because that book was a bible to us in my generation," said Zinnemann in a late-life interview. "It was one of the great novels of the '30s and '40s and to be asked to make a film of it was one of the greatest events of my life."

MGM agreed to produce the film. Zinnemann began his career as a feature film director at that studio with the thriller The Seventh Cross (1944).

The screenplay for the film adaptation was created by the Chinese-born novelist Han Suyin, best known for her 1952 book A Many-Splendoured Thing.  Zinnemann scouted out locations in Malaysia and Singapore, with interior scenes to be shot at the MGM studios in London, where sets and costumes were created. David Niven, Peter Finch and Liv Ullmann were signed as the stars of the film.

Cancellation
The pre-production process for Man's Fate stretched three years before it reached the production stage.  During this period, MGM began to experience severe financial problems. James T. Aubrey, a former production chief for the CBS television network, was hired in 1969 as the studio's new president.  One of his earliest decisions was to cancel all planned films that did not show signs of commercial viability.  Zinnemann's $US 3 million version of Man's Fate was one of 12 films that Aubrey halted. The production of Man's Fate was canceled one week before filming was to begin. (The others included a big screen version of Tai-Pan by James Clavell.)

Zinnemann would later state that his cast and crew continued working without salaries in the period between the news of the cancellation being made public and the scheduled start of filming on November 24, 1969. "I soon found that no one in the unit wanted to stop rehearsing, salary or no salary," he later recalled. "We worked for three more days until the script was fully rehearsed, scene by scene. Then, after the usual farewell party as if on the set of a real picture, everybody went home."

Aftermath
Zinnemann later sued MGM for damages relating to the cancellation, with the case being settled in his favour in 1973.

The Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci proposed adapting the film in the 1980s to the Chinese government; they preferred his alternative proposal, The Last Emperor, a 1987 biopic based around the life of the Chinese Emperor Puyi.

In 2001, U.S. filmmaker Michael Cimino announced he would write and direct a film version of Man's Fate, with Daniel Day-Lewis, John Malkovich, Uma Thurman and Johnny Depp in the lead roles. The project fell through for lack of funding; Cimino, who died in 2016, never made another feature film.

References

Cancelled films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Unreleased American films
Films directed by Fred Zinnemann
1970s unfinished films
Films shot at MGM-British Studios
1970s English-language films


Chandrabose or Chandra Bose may refer to:

 Chandrabose (lyricist), Indian lyricist who writes songs for Tollywood films
 Chandrabose (composer), Indian composer who writes songs for Kollywood films
 Chandrabose Suthaharan, Sri Lankan Tamil editor of the Tamil magazine Nilam
 Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian nationalist and Axis collaborator during World War II
 Sarat Chandra Bose, barrister, elder brother and supporter of Subhash Chandra Bose
 Jagadish Chandra Bose, Bengali polymath: a physicist, biologist, botanist, archaeologist, and writer of science fiction
 Raj Chandra Bose, Indian mathematician and statistician best known for his work in design theory and the theory of error-correcting codes
N.S.Chandra Bose, former President of the Indian Medical Association and former President of the Tamil Nadu State Bharatiya Janata Party

Places
 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, an airport located in Dum Dum, near Kolkata, West Bengal, India
 Netaji Subash Chandra Bose Road, an important thoroughfare in South Kolkata, which connects the localities of Tollygunge and Garia

Films

 Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero, a 2005 Indian English-language film directed by Shyam Benegal
 Subash Chandra Bose (film), a 2005 Indian Telugu-language film directed by K. Raghavendra


Benjamin Franklin Guiney (November 16, 1858 – December 5, 1930), was an American professional baseball player, who played in  and  with the Detroit Wolverines, of the National League. He batted right and left and threw right-handed. Guiney had a .083 career batting average, with one career hit in 12 at-bats.

He was born and died in Detroit, Michigan.

External links

 Ben Guiney Memorial at Find A Grave

1858 births
1930 deaths
Major League Baseball catchers
Baseball players from Michigan
Detroit Wolverines players
Ironton (minor league baseball) players
19th-century baseball players


Presente may refer to:
 The Present
 ¡Presente!, the newsletter of the School of the Americas Watch
 Presente.org, an American advocacy group that "exists to amplify the political voice of Latino communities" in the United States
 Presente (Renato Russo album), 2003
 Presente (Bajofondo album), 2013


Prince Charles Louis of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym; Schaumburg, 16 May 1723 – Schaumburg, 20 August 1806), was a German prince of the House of Ascania from the Anhalt-Bernburg branch and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym.

He was the third (but second surviving) son of Victor I Amadeus Adolph, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, by his first wife Charlotte Louise, daughter of Wilhelm Moritz, Count of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Countess Anna Amalie of Isenburg-Wächtersbach.

Life
The death of his elder brother the Hereditary Prince Christian in 1758 made him the new heir of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym. Fourteen years later, in 1772, Charles Louis succeeded his father in the government of the principality.

Marriages and Issue

First marriage
When Charles Louis was a young officer in a regiment in the service of the Netherlands, he fell in love with Benjamine Gertrude Keiser [also called Kaiserinn or Keyser] (b. Stevensweert, 1 January 1729 - d. Belleville, near Paris, 6 January 1787), daughter of a Dutch captain. Without the consent of his father, Charles Louis married her in Stevensweert on 25 March 1748. They had one daughter:
Victoria Hedwig Karoline (b. Stevensweert, 9 January 1749 - d. Eger, 26 June 1841), married on 21 November 1776 to Thomas de Mahy, marquis de Favras, an officer in the guards of the Count de Provence, later King Louis XVIII of France.

The marriage was declared null and void by a court in The Hague on 26 July 1757, and Charles Louis and Benjamine's attempts to have their daughter recognized as a princess of Anhalt were rejected by the Reichshofrat on 11 May 1778; likewise. an attempt to obtain the title of countess of Anhalt was rejected on 14 September. Finally, Charles Louis obtained for his daughter the title of Baroness of Bärenthal (German: Freifrau von Bärenthal).

Second marriage
In Braunfels on 12 December 1765 Charles Louis married Princess Amalie Eleonore (b. Braunfels, 22 November 1734 - d. Schaumburg, 19 April 1811), daughter of  Frederick William, Prince of Solms-Braunfels and his second wife Countess Sophia Magdalena Benigna of Solms-Utphe. They had five children:
Victor II Charles Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (b. Schaumburg, 2 November 1767 - d. Schaumburg, 22 April 1812) married Amalie Charlotte of Nassau-Weilburg (August 7, 1776 - February 19, 1841) on October 29, 1793.
William Louis (b. Schaumburg, 19 April 1771 - killed in action, Stockach, 25 March 1799).
Alexius Klemens (b. Schaumburg, 19 August 1772 - d. Schaumburg, 12 July 1776).
Sophie Charlotte (b. Schaumburg, 29 September 1773 - d. Schaumburg, 25 February 1774).
Karoline Ulrike (b. Schaumburg, 22 September 1775 - d. Schaumburg, 4 March 1782).

Ancestry

References

Bibliography
 Christian von Stramburg, Anton Joseph Weidenbach: Denkwürdiger und nützlicher Rheinischer Antiquarius ..., Teil 2, Band 3, p. 308 ff.
 Ferdinand Siebigk: Das Herzogthum Anhalt, p. 243, Dessau, 1867
 Philipp Ernst Bertram, Johann C. Krause: Geschichte des Hauses und Fürstenthums Anhalt, Band 2, p. 644, Curt, 1782

1723 births
1806 deaths
People from Schaumburg
House of Ascania


David John Jones (31 December 1870 – 14 March 1949) was a Welsh Anglican priest, who served as Dean of Llandaff from 1931 to 1948.

Life
Jones was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, obtaining a third-class degree in theology in 1893. He then studied for the priesthood at St Michael's College, in Aberdare, south Wales, and was ordained in 1894, becoming curate in Llanelli. In 1897, he returned to St Michael's College as chaplain, becoming vicar of St Theodore's Port Talbot in 1901, then vicar of Roath in 1920. He was appointed Dean of Llandaff in 1931, retiring as Dean Emeritus in 1948. He died in Cardiff, aged 78.

References

1870 births
1949 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
20th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Deans of Llandaff


Mohamed Salah Marmouri (, September 18, 1967) is a retired amateur boxer from Tunisia. He represented his native North African country twice at the Summer Olympics: in 1996 and 2000. He won a bronze medal at the 2001 Mediterranean Games in Tunis, Tunisia and a gold medal at the 1995 All-Africa Games in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Gold médial au jeux medetarrannée Bari 1997.

References
Mohamed salah Marmouri Profile

1967 births
Living people
Light-middleweight boxers
Boxers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Tunisia
Tunisian male boxers
African Games gold medalists for Tunisia
African Games medalists in boxing
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Tunisia
Competitors at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 1995 All-Africa Games
21st-century Tunisian people

https://www.facebook.com/marmouri.mohamedsalah


Ocean deoxygenation is the reduction of the oxygen content in different parts of the ocean due to human activities. It occurs firstly in coastal zones where eutrophication has driven some quite rapid (in a few decades) declines in oxygen to very low levels. This type of ocean deoxygenation is also called "dead zones". Secondly, there is now an ongoing reduction in oxygen levels in the open ocean: naturally occurring low oxygen areas (so called oxygen minimum zones (OMZs)) are now expanding slowly. This expansion is happening as a consequence of human caused climate change. The resulting decrease in oxygen content of the oceans poses a threat to marine life, as well as to people who depend on marine life for nutrition or livelihood. Ocean deoxygenation poses implications for ocean productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and marine habitats.

Ocean warming exacerbates ocean deoxygenation and further stresses marine organisms, reducing nutrient availability by increasing ocean stratification through density and solubility effects while at the same time increasing metabolic demand. The rising temperatures in the oceans cause a reduced solubility of oxygen in the water, which can explain about 50% of oxygen loss in the upper level of the ocean (>1000 m). Warmer ocean water holds less oxygen and is more buoyant than cooler water. This leads to reduced mixing of oxygenated water near the surface with deeper water, which naturally contains less oxygen. Warmer water also raises oxygen demand from living organisms; as a result, less oxygen is available for marine life.

Studies have shown that oceans have already lost 1-2% of their oxygen since the middle of the 20th century, and model simulations predict a decline of up to 7% in the global ocean O2 content over the next hundred years. The decline of oxygen is projected to continue for a thousand years or more.

Terminology
The term ocean deoxygenation has been used increasingly by international scientific bodies because it captures the decreasing trend of the world ocean's oxygen inventory. Oceanographers and others have discussed what phrase best describes the phenomenon to non-specialists. Among the options considered have been ocean suffocation, ocean oxygen deprivation, decline in ocean oxygen, marine deoxygenation, ocean oxygen depletion and ocean hypoxia.

Types and mechanisms
There are two types of ocean deoxygenation, taking place in two different zones and having different causes: the reduction of oxygen in coastal zones versus in the open ocean as well as deep ocean (oxygen minimum zones). These are coupled but different.

Coastal zones

Open and deep ocean zones (oxygen minimum zones)

In the open ocean there are natural low oxygen areas and these are expanding slowly. These oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) generally occur in the middle depths of the ocean, from 100 – 1000 m deep. They are natural phenomena that result from respiration of sinking organic material produced in the surface ocean. However, as the oxygen content of the ocean decreases, oxygen minimum zones are expanding both vertically and horizontally. In these low oxygen areas the water circulation is slow. This stability means it is easier to see quite small changes in oxygen, such as a decline of 1-2%. In many of these areas, this decline does not mean these low oxygen regions become uninhabitable for fish and other marine life but over many decades may do, particularly in the Pacific and Indian Ocean.

Oxygen is input into the ocean at the surface, through the processes of photosynthesis by phytoplankton and mixing with the atmosphere. Organisms, both microbial and multicellular, use oxygen in respiration throughout the entire depth of the ocean, so when the supply of oxygen from the surface is less than the utilization of oxygen in deep water, oxygen loss occurs.

This phenomenon is natural, but is exacerbated with increased stratification and increasing ocean temperature. Stratification occurs when water masses with different properties, primarily temperature and salinity, are layered, with lower density water on top of higher density water. The larger the differences in the properties between layers, the less mixing occurs between the layers. Stratification is increased when the temperature of the surface ocean or the amount of freshwater input into the ocean from rivers and ice melt increases, enhancing ocean deoxygenation by reducing supply. Another factor that can reduce supply is the solubility of oxygen. As temperature and salinity increase, the solubility of oxygen decreases, meaning that less oxygen can be dissolved into water as it warms and becomes more salty.

Role of climate change
While oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) occur naturally, they can be exacerbated by human impacts like climate change and land-based pollution from agriculture and sewage. The prediction of current climate models and climate change scenarios is that substantial warming and loss of oxygen throughout the majority of the upper ocean will occur. Global warming increases ocean temperatures, especially in shallow coastal areas. When the water temperature increases, its ability to hold oxygen decreases, leading to oxygen concentrations going down in the water. This compounds the effects of eutrophication in coastal zones described above.

Open ocean areas with no oxygen have grown more than 1.7 million square miles in the last 50 years, and coastal waters have seen a tenfold increase in low-oxygen areas in the same time.

Measurement of dissolved oxygen in coastal and open ocean waters for the past 50 years has revealed a marked decline in oxygen content. This decline is associated with expanding spatial extent, expanding vertical extent, and prolonged duration of oxygen-poor conditions in all regions of the global oceans. Examinations of the spatial extent of OMZs in the past through paleoceanographical methods clearly shows that the spatial extent of OMZs has expanded through time, and this expansion is coupled to ocean warming and reduced ventilation of thermocline waters.

Research has attempted to model potential changes to OMZs as a result of rising global temperatures and human impact. This is challenging due to the many factors that could contribute to changes in OMZs. The factors used for modeling change in OMZs are numerous, and in some cases hard to measure or quantify. Some of the processes being studied are changes in oxygen gas solubility as a result of rising ocean temperatures, as well as changes in the amount of respiration and photosynthesis occurring around OMZs. Many studies have concluded that OMZs are expanding in multiple locations, but fluctuations of modern OMZs are still not fully understood. Existing Earth system models project considerable reductions in oxygen and other physical-chemical variables in the ocean due to climate change, with potential ramifications for ecosystems and humans.

The global decrease in oceanic oxygen content is statistically significant and emerging beyond the envelope of natural fluctuations. This trend of oxygen loss is accelerating, with widespread and obvious losses occurring after the 1980s. The rate and total content of oxygen loss varies by region, with the North Pacific emerging as a particular hotspot of deoxygenation due to the increased amount of time since its deep waters were last ventilated (see thermohaline circulation) and related high apparent oxygen utilization (AOU). Estimates of total oxygen loss in the global ocean range from 119 to 680 T mol decade−1 since the 1950s. These estimates represent 2% of the global ocean oxygen inventory.

Melting of gas hydrates in bottom layers of water may result in the release of more methane from sediments and subsequent consumption of oxygen by aerobic respiration of methane to carbon dioxide. Another effect of climate change on oceans that causes ocean deoxygenation is circulation changes. As the ocean warms from the surface, stratification is expected to increase, which shows a tendency for slowing down ocean circulation, which then increases ocean deoxygenation.

Estimates for the future
The results from mathematical models show that global ocean oxygen loss rates will continue to accelerate up to 125 T mol year−1 by 2100 due to persistent warming, a reduction in ventilation of deeper waters, increased biological oxygen demand, and the associated expansion of OMZs into shallower areas.

Variations

Expanding oxygen minimum zones (OMZ)
Several areas of the open ocean have naturally low oxygen concentration due to biological oxygen consumption that cannot be supported by the rate of oxygen input to the area from physical transport, air-sea mixing, or photosynthesis. These areas are called oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), and there is a wide variety of open ocean systems that experience these naturally low oxygen conditions, such as upwelling zones, deep basins of enclosed seas, and the cores of some mode-water eddies.

Ocean deoxygenation has led to suboxic, hypoxic, and anoxic conditions in both coastal waters and the open ocean. Since 1950, more than 500 sites in coastal waters have reported oxygen concentrations below 2 mg liter−1, which is generally accepted as the threshold of hypoxic conditions.

The extent of OMZs has expanded in tropical oceans during the past half century.

Oxygen-poor waters of coastal and open ocean systems have largely been studied in isolation of each other, with researchers focusing on eutrophication-induced hypoxia in coastal waters and naturally occurring (without apparent direct input of anthropogenic nutrients) open ocean OMZs. However, coastal and open ocean oxygen-poor waters are highly interconnected and therefore both have seen an increase in the intensity, spatial extent, and temporal extent of deoxygenated conditions.

The spatial extent of deoxygenated conditions can vary widely. In coastal waters, regions with deoxygenated conditions can extend from less than one to many thousands of square kilometers. Open ocean OMZs exist in all ocean basins and have similar variation in spatial extent; an estimated 8% of global ocean volume is within OMZs. The largest OMZ is in the eastern tropical north Pacific and comprises 41% of this global volume, and the smallest OMZ is found in the eastern tropical North Atlantic and makes up only 5% of the global OMZ volume.

Vertical extent of low oxygen conditions
The vertical extent of low oxygen conditions is also variable, and areas of persistent low oxygen have annual variation in the upper and lower limits of oxygen-poor waters. Typically, OMZs are expected to occur at depths of about 200 to 1,000 meters. The upper limit of OMZs is characterized by a strong and rapid gradient in oxygenation, called the oxycline. The depth of the oxycline varies between OMZs, and is mainly affected by physical processes such as air-sea fluxes and vertical movement in the thermocline depth. The lower limit of OMZs is associated with the reduction in biological oxygen consumption, as the majority of organic matter is consumed and respired in the top 1,000 m of the vertical water column. Shallower coastal systems may see oxygen-poor waters extend to bottom waters, leading to negative effects on benthic communities.

Many persistent OMZs have increased in thickness over the last five decades. This happened because the upper limit of the OMZ became shallower and also because the OMZ expanded downward.

Variations in temporal duration
The temporal duration of oxygen-poor conditions can vary on seasonal, annual, or multi-decadal scales. Hypoxic conditions in coastal systems like the Gulf of Mexico are usually tied to discharges of rivers, thermohaline stratification of the water column, wind-driven forcing, and continental shelf circulation patterns. As such, there are seasonal and annual patterns in the initiation, persistence, and break down of intensely hypoxic conditions. Oxygen concentrations in open oceans and the margins between coastal areas and the open ocean may see variation in intensity, spatial extent, and temporal extent from multi-decadal oscillations in climatic conditions.

Coastal regions have also seen expanded spatial extent and temporal duration due to increased anthropogenic nutrient input and changes in regional circulation. Areas that have not previously experienced low oxygen conditions, like the coastal shelf of Oregon on the West coast of the United States, have recently and abruptly developed seasonal hypoxia.

Impacts

Ocean deoxygenation poses implications for ocean productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and marine habitats. Studies have shown that oceans have already lost 1-2% of their oxygen since the middle of the 20th century, and model simulations predict a decline of up to 7% in the global ocean O2 content over the next hundred years. The decline of oxygen is projected to continue for a thousand years or more.

The viability of species is being disrupted throughout the ocean food web due to changes in ocean chemistry. As the ocean warms, mixing between water layers decreases, resulting in less oxygen and nutrients being available for marine life.

Ocean deoxygenation is an additional stressor on marine life. Ocean deoxygenation results in the expansion of oxygen minimum zones in the oceans . Along with this ocean deoxygenation is caused by an imbalance of sources and sinks of oxygen in dissolved water. The change has been fairly rapid and poses a threat to fish and other types of marine life, as well as to people who depend on marine life for nutrition or livelihood. Ocean deoxygenation poses implications for ocean productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and marine habitats.

As low oxygen zones expand vertically nearer to the surface, they can affect coastal upwelling systems such as the California Current on the coast of Oregon (US). These upwelling systems are driven by seasonal winds that force the surface waters near the coast to move offshore, which pulls deeper water up along the continental shelf. As the depth of the deoxygenated deeper water becomes shallower, more of the deoxygenated water can reach the continental shelf, causing coastal hypoxia and fish kills. Impacts of massive fish kills on the aquaculture industry are projected to be profound.

Marine organisms and biodiversity
Short term effects can be seen in acutely fatal circumstances, but other sublethal consequences can include impaired reproductive ability, reduced growth, and increase in diseased population. These can be attributed to the co-stressor effect. When an organism is already stressed, for example getting less oxygen than it would prefer, it does not do as well in other areas of its existence like reproduction, growth, and warding off disease. Additionally, warmer water not only holds less oxygen, but it also causes marine organisms to have higher metabolic rates, resulting in them using up available oxygen more quickly, lowering the oxygen concentration in the water even more and compounding the effects seen. Finally, for some organisms, habitat reduction will be a problem. Habitable zones in the water column are expected to compress and habitable seasons are expected to be shortened. If the water an organism's regular habitat sits in has oxygen concentrations lower than it can tolerate, it will not want to live there anymore. This leads to changed migration patterns as well as changed or reduced habitat area.

Long term effects can be seen on a broader scale of changes in biodiversity and food web makeup. Due to habitat change of many organisms, predator-prey relationships will be altered. For example, when squeezed into a smaller well-oxygenated area, predator-prey encounter rates will increase, causing an increase in predation, potentially putting strain on the prey population. Additionally, diversity of ecosystems in general is expected to decrease due to decrease in oxygen concentrations.

Effects on fisheries

Vertical expansion of tropical OMZs has reduced the area between the OMZ and surface. This means that many species that live near the surface, such as fish, could be affected periodically. Ongoing research is investigating how OMZ expansion affects food webs in these areas. Studies on OMZ expansion in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic have observed negative effects on fish populations and commercial fisheries that likely occurred from reduced habitat when the OMZ moved to a shallower depth.

A fish's behavior in response to ocean deoxygenation is based upon their tolerance to oxygen poor conditions. Species with low anoxic tolerance tend to undergo habitat compression in response to the expansion of OMZs. Fish species with a low tolerance for low oxygen conditions may move to live nearer the ocean surface where oxygen concentration will usually be higher. Biological responses to habitat compression can be varied. Some species of billfish, predatory pelagic predators such as sailfish and marlin, that have undergone habitat compression actually have increased growth since their prey, smaller pelagic fish, experienced the same habitat compression, resulting in increased prey vulnerability to billfishes. Fish with tolerance to anoxic conditions, such as jumbo squid and lanternfish, can remain active in anoxic environments at a reduced level, which can improve their survival by increasing avoidance of anoxia intolerant predators and have increased access to resources that their anoxia intolerant competitors cannot.

The relationship between zooplankton and low oxygen zones is complex and varies by species and life stage. Some gelatinous zooplankton reduce their growth rates when exposed to hypoxia while others utilize this habitat to forage on high prey concentrations with their growth rates unaffected. The ability of some gelatinous zooplankton to tolerate hypoxia may be attributed to the ability to store oxygen in intragel regions. The movements of zooplankton as a result of ocean deoxygenation can affect fisheries, global nitrogen cycling, and trophic relationships. These changes have the potential to have large economic and environmental consequences through overfishing or collapsed food webs.

See also

Anoxic event
Anoxic waters
Ocean acidification

Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

References

External links

Ocean Deoxygenation
NASA: Ocean Deoxygenation: Past, Present, and Future

Oceanographical terminology
Environmental issues with water
Oxygen


McGregor existed on the northeast side of the Fraser River  north-northwest of the Bowron River confluence. Positioned between Sinclair Mills and Upper Fraser, in central British Columbia, the previous community has since dispersed. McGregor, as well as the McGregor River, McGregor Range, Herrick River, Captain Creek and James Creek were named after Captain James Herrick McGregor (1869–1915), a Canadian soldier killed in action during World War I. As a partner in surveyors Gore and McGregor, he had undertaken extensive exploration and survey work in the area.

Transportation
A trackside signpost marks the flag stop for Via Rail's Jasper – Prince Rupert train. The immediate Via Rail stops are Upper Fraser to the northwest and Sinclair Mills to the southeast.

History

Railway & Hansard Bridge
The Lund-Rogers Construction Company ran camps at the previously designated Miles 186 and 187, with the former as headquarters. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (later the CNR) Hansard Bridge spans at Mile 99.1, Fraser Subdivision (formerly about Mile 188.5, though a contemporary article inadvertently quoted the camp location). The low-level railway bridges at Dome Creek and this crossing curtailed the previous steamboat navigation, which triggered a response from the Barnard steamboat management.

Foley, Welch and Stewart, the prime contractor, operated on a cost plus basis. Russell R. Walker (1888–1973), a photographer of the era, observed tunnel work opposite Hansard on the north bank of the Fraser just west of the railway bridge. He suspected graft and corruption because it was nowhere near where the mainline would run. In a similar vein, William (Bill) Bellos (c.1887–1989), a construction worker at the time, mentions a tunnel cave-in at the faraway McGregor River, which is  west beyond McGregor on the north bank.

The enforced liquor ban ensured sedate and sober camp conditions. In June 1913, flooding from the river forced the temporary evacuation of buildings at Camp 186. The Bates & Rogers Construction Company was contractor for the bridge substructure (piers and abutments) and the Canadian Bridge Co. for the superstructure (steelwork). By August, pile driving for the piers was in full swing and two steam shovels were excavating the bridge approach on the northeast bank. A temporary wooden trestle would carry the track until the steel bridge's completion. With track laying at  a day, a completed trestle and the arrival of the railhead were optimistically predicted by October 1. Slicing through the piles, floating ice destroyed 12 lengths of the temporary trestle. With the railhead almost at this point in early December, this destruction delayed progress until the river froze over. While on leave with fellow workers from the Bates & Rogers camp at Christmastime, Harry Porter (c.1873–1913) met George Onooki (c.1890–1914), a former co-worker from Mile 160. The ensuing brutal assault of Porter was South Fort George's first murder. The motive robbery, Onooki was sentenced to hang.

Plans for a separate vehicle deck on the bridge never proceeded and the Eaglet Lake Lumber Co. purchased the surplus steel girders in 1916. High water levels during the 1936 spring floods left very little clearance for driftwood to pass beneath the bridge deck. A guard, who was presumably armed, defended the crossing during World War II. When the sun buckled rail lines to the east during 1944, six gravel cars derailed.

McGregor flag stop lies at the eastern end of the Hansard Bridge. The former community was just east at Mile 98.5.

Whether the flag stop was not clearly defined, or actually moved, is unclear. Initially called Church Sawmills from the late 1950s, it became Sinclair Spruce Mills from 1965, then Northwood Timber Ltd. 2 from 1973, and then McGregor by 1976.

Forestry
The narrow strip of accessible spruce forest bordering the railway that stretched some  east of Prince George was known as the East Line. Logging camps existed in the vicinity by the early 1950s. Percy Church of Willow River logged north of this locality. When the government introduced forest management licences in 1954, Church Sawmills was among the first five approved in principle within the Prince George district. In 1956, two employees, who were engaged in building an access road, experienced a fatal boating mishap when travelling to site. In 1958, the company dismantled and relocated their Willow River mill. The rebuilt and upgraded facility, about  north of Hansard Bridge on the McGregor River, processed logs from the surrounding area. In 1960, the company received one of the nine tree farm licences that followed from the 1956 Royal Commission Report. The previous year, Eagle Lake Sawmills Ltd. and Sinclair Spruce Lumber Co. Ltd. began trial plantings of a few thousand seedlings on their small tree farm situated mere miles north of the Pass Lake road intersection.

The Church planing mill, which operated at Cornel Mills near Dewey, may have relocated to Mile 98 and the Hansard area. Percy (1903–74) & Dorothy (1909–80) Church resided at Mile 98 or Cornel. In 1964, Percy was convicted of a hit-and-run incident near Willow River. Northwood purchased the mill in January 1965, but production had ceased months earlier. During 1965–1970, Percy and Dorothy Church developed the Edgewood Terrace subdivision along the north Nechako.

By 1966, an aerial photo placed the McGregor Logging Division base immediately west of the Hansard Bridge and east of Hansard station. This appears to be the location of the original five staff houses, three trailer units joined to form 20-person bunkhouses, up to 25 trailers for families, log loading infrastructure (for rail transportation to Prince George), and possibly the equipment maintenance facility and parts inventory. During the late 1960s, the company built an office/bunkhouse/community club complex (called the McGregor Camp) on the east corner of the Pass Lake road intersection at Mile 98.5. Weakened lumber markets curtailed logging from the mid-1970s onward. Subsequently, harvesting insect-damaged timber was the priority.

A sewage lagoon for the camp treated effluent prior to release into the nearby Fraser. However, the majority of these lagoons on rural-residential lots in the Prince George region malfunctioned, because precipitation exceeded the rate of evaporation. To prevent sewage from surfacing in swampy areas, the company adopted exfiltration, with effluent sprayed from a stabilization lagoon into a sand basin. A further upgrade came in 1991.

By the mid-1980s, Northwood dispensed with their remaining company logging crews, because contractors were performing 90 percent of this function. After Northwood removed fuel storage tanks from Upper Fraser and McGregor, the contaminated soil was excavated and treated on the western section of the camp. The mechanics shop comprised about 25 employees, many of whom travelled to the logging sites to service equipment overnight. The logging division may have maintained some facilities immediately west of the railway bridge as late as the mid-1990s.

In 1998, while heavy-duty mechanic Jeffrey Taylor was pounding a steel pin with a sledgehammer, a metal fragment projectile lacerated two main arteries in his neck. Rushed from McGregor to Prince George for treatment, he survived, but brain damage severely affected speech and leg movement.

Community
Isolated dwellings previously existed, but after the Church mill opened, many families resided at Mile 98 from the late 1950s. In the mid-1960s, the community numbered 150 and the company successfully petitioned for a name change to McGregor and a transfer of the post office from Cornel Mills. Reopened at or near McGregor, it operated from April 1966 to October 1970.

Dewey post office, opened in 1915 at what became Cornel, was some distance from Dewey station. Confusion between "Dewey" and "Dewdney", that caused misdirected mail, prompted a postal name change to "Cornel Mills" in 1956. Dorothy Church was postmaster 1962–64. Cornel station (Mile 93.8) closed in 1965, and Dewey station (Mile 92.2) followed in the early 1970s.

In fall 1966, when School District 57 refused to bus the 25 schoolchildren the  to Sinclair Mills, parents boycotted the school. Resolved within weeks, Northwood provided a driver and maintenance services, while the district supplied a bus. The community comprised 13 families around this time. The two Girl Guides would have been members of another company.

While Sinclair Mills elementary temporarily closed for a few years during the 1970s, and after the final closure before the 1983/84 school year, McGregor students attended Upper Fraser elementary. The school district cancelled the school bus from the 1986/87 year, but temporarily reinstated the service during the 1989/90 winter.

The McGregor site comprised a collection of three-storey bunkhouses, a logging maintenance shop and scattered trailers. However, the paved road west convinced more workers to commute from Prince George rather than reside locally. In 1987, the office trailers were for sale. Under review for years, the McGregor camp's remoteness from logging areas, and being an hour's drive from Prince George, persuaded Northwood to give residents notice that the facility would close in June 1999. Decreasing casual and residential usage made it too expensive to maintain. The decision primarily affected four logging families and the four CNR Hansard Bridge monitors. Demolition contractors cleared the vacated site.

An Esso card lock facility operated at McGregor.

Road Transport & Aerodrome
The respective Hansard section covers roadbuilding and bus services. In 1973, a Cessna 185 crashed into trees during a landing at the airstrip. Pilot James Mueller (1941–92), son of Ray and grandson of farmer Gratian Mueller of Longworth, sustained serious injuries, but the two passengers escaped with minor scrapes. James Mueller was a Prince George logging contractor, who had worked in the area on leaving school.

Electricity & Communications Devices
The respective Upper Fraser section covers this subject.

Footnotes

References

Robson Valley
Ghost towns in British Columbia


William I. Gabig (born 1956) is an American politician and former member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

Career
Prior to his tenure as a state legislator, Gabig volunteered as a Moot Court Judge for both the Dickinson School of Law and Widener University School of Law. He also volunteered as an instructor for the Pennsylvania Game Commission Academy and the Harrisburg Area Community College’s Municipal Police Academy. He also had a position as a part-time instructor at Troy State University’s Armed Forces Branch Campus.

Gabig was first an Assistant District Attorney in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania then a Senior Assistant District Attorney in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.

Gabig launched his career in the U.S. Navy as a Judge Advocate. He rose to the rank of Commander and continued afterward to serve as a reservist.

He announced that he would not seek re-election in 2010.

Currently, Mr. Gabig serves as a Commissioner on the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Workers' Compensation Appeal Board.

Personal
Gabig earned his Bachelor of Science in 1979 from Saint Vincent College, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, majoring in political science and minoring in economics. In 1985, Gabig earned his Juris Doctor at the Duquesne University School of Law. He later graduated from the National Institute for Trial Advocacy.

He is actively involved in his community as a member of the Cumberland County Bar Association, Cumberland County Law Enforcement Officer’s Association, the Marine Corps League, the Carlisle Fish and Game Club, Knights of Columbus Council 4057 and the American Legion Post 101.

He and his wife Patricia (nee, Iezzoni), a veterinarian, have two children and currently reside in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania.

References

External links
waybackmachine: State Representative Will Gabig official caucus website

1956 births
Living people
Saint Vincent College alumni
Duquesne University alumni
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Pennsylvania lawyers


The former Chelsea Grammar School is located on Liberty Street in Chelsea, New York, United States. It is an intact one-room schoolhouse from the late 19th century, when the hamlet was a thriving Hudson River port.

In 1987 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places since it has remained largely intact since its construction. Its use as a school ended in the mid-20th century when the smaller local school districts of the area were consolidated into the Wappingers Central School District. Since then, the local fire department has used half of it as a community center, and the United States Postal Service has leased the other half for use as the local post office, serving the 12512 ZIP Code.

Building
The building, a one-story rectangular brick building with a gabled roof covered in asphalt shingles, was constructed in 1875. It is pierced at the east (front) end by a square frame bell tower with paired arched louvered vents on all four sides. The roof overhangs the walls with a broad fascia; there is no other attempt at ornament.

On the front facade, the entranceway's segmented and hooded openings are flanked by two windows with arched heads and corbeled brick hoods. A marble datestone with "1875" on it is set into the gable side above the entrance, and a louvered oculus is near the apex.

Both sides have four tall and narrow window openings, now filled with louvers. All are topped with a corbeled and segmented brick lintel and have a stone sill beneath. There are two similar windows in the rear, as well as a newer one, and an enclosed entranceway.

Inside, it retains many of its classroom features, including the blackboards. It has been partitioned since then for its use as a post office.

History

An 1858 map of the Chelsea area shows an earlier school on the same site. When the new one was built, the Gothic Revival style echoed the steeply-pitched roofs of neighboring St. Mark's Episcopal Church, built in the mid-1860s in the same style. The placement of the two buildings, on a rise in the middle of the community overlooking the river that was its commercial lifeblood, reflected their importance within Chelsea.

A few changes have been made since its construction, most since its use as a school ended. The original front doors have been replaced with metallic fire doors. A window has been added to the rear along with an enclosed entryway and a shed built in the rear. When the post office came in, the side windows were louvered shut.

References

Former school buildings in the United States
Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
School buildings completed in 1875
National Register of Historic Places in Dutchess County, New York
Defunct schools in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Dutchess County, New York


Sinkyone Wilderness State Park is a state park in Mendocino County, California.  The wilderness area borders the Pacific Ocean to the west and the King Range National Conservation Area to the north.  The nearest settlement is the unincorporated town of Leggett.  The lack of major road and highway access has led to the Sinkyone Wilderness area being referred to as the Lost Coast.

History
The area takes its name from the native Sinkyone tribe of the area.  It was a fertile hunting ground for the Native Americans, providing nearly constant access to fresh fish and meat from the ocean, especially important during the winter months.

Further development through the years saw trails and roads cut through the area for business and industry, both for logging access to the raw timber, and for access to the native tanbark for the San Francisco tanneries.  Logging operations continued well into the 20th century.

See also
List of beaches in California
List of California state parks

References

External links
State Parks webpage

State parks of California
Parks in Mendocino County, California


Eristalinus is a genus of hoverfly. Most species have very distinctive eye marking in the form of spots or banding, though these features may fade on some preserved specimens. Most are stout flies, and are nimble flyers, even compared to other hoverfly species.

Systematics
At one time the members of this genus were divided into three clades (Eristalinus, Eristalodes and Lathyrophthalmus) based on morphological characters such as whether the eyes were spotted or striped. Recently Pérez-Bañon et al. studying the European species of Eristalinus using a combination of molecular data and male genitalia characters have determined that the genus in Europe at least, divides neatly into two clades - Eristalinus (+ Lathyrophthalmus) & Eristalodes. It was also discovered that the eye patterning was not taxonomically important as Eristalodes contained members with eyes either spotted or striped.

The following list is an attempt to organise some of the species under subgeneric headings:

List of species by subgenus

Eristalinus

Eristalinus riki Violovitsch, 1957
Eristalinus sepulchralis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Lathyrophthalmus

(around 80 species; found worldwide)
Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli, 1763)
Eristalinus aequalis (Adams, 1905)
Eristalinus arvorum (Fabricius, 1787)
Eristalinus astrops Hull, 1941
Eristalinus basalis (Shiraki, 1968)
Eristalinus cerealis Fabricius, 1805
Eristalinus dissimilis (Adams, 1905)
Eristalinus dubiosus (Curran, 1939)
Eristalinus dulcis Karsch, 1887
Eristalinus euzonus Loew, 1858
Eristalinus flaveolus Bigot, 1880
Eristalinus gymnops Bezzi, 1915
Eristalinus haileyburyi (Nayar, 1968)
Eristalinus hervebazini Kløcker, 1926
Eristalinus invirgulatus (Keiser, 1958)
Eristalinus ishigakiensis (Shiraki, 1968)
Eristalinus japonica van der Goot, 1964
Eristalinus kyokoae Kimura, 1986
Eristalinus longicornis (Adams, 1905)
Eristalinus melanops Karsch, 1887
Eristalinus modestus (Wiedemann, 1818)
Eristalinus myiatropinus (Speiser, 1910)
Eristalinus obliquus Wiedemann, 1824
Eristalinus quinquelineatus (Fabricius, 1781)
Eristalinus quinquestriatus (Fabricius, 1794)
Eristalinus tabanoides (Jaennicke, 1867)
Eristalinus tarsalis (Macquart, 1855)
Eristalinus trizonatus (Bigot, 1858)
Eristalinus velox (Violovitsh, 1966)
Eristalinus vicarians Bezzi, 1915
Eristalinus xanthopus Bezzi, 1915

Eristalodes

(13 species; Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental)
Eristalinus barclayi Bezzi, 1915
Eristalinus fuscicornis (Karsch, 1887)
Eristalinus megacephalus (Rossi, 1794)
Eristalinus paria (Bigot, 1880)
Eristalinus plurivittatus Macquart, 1855
Eristalinus seychellarum Bezzi, 1915
Eristalinus taeniops (Wiedemann, 1818)

Helophilina
(1 species; Afrotropical)
Eristalinus taeniaticeps Becker, 1922

Merodonoides Curran, 1931
(8 species; Afrotropical, Oriental)
Eristalinus abdominalis (Hervé-Bazin, 1914)
Eristalinus caudatus (Doesburg, 1955)
Eristalinus descendens (Becker, 1909)
Eristalinus fasciatus (Macquart, 1834)
Eristalinus gymnops (Bezzi, 1915)
Eristalinus megametapodus Thompson, 2019
Eristalinus modestus (Wiedemann, 1818)
Eristalinus myiatropinus (Speiser, 1910)

Gallery

References

External links

For photos of North American species see BugGuide page: http://bugguide.net/node/view/33249/bgimage?from=0

Hoverfly genera
Diptera of Africa
Diptera of Asia
Diptera of Europe
Eristalini
Taxa named by Camillo Rondani


Felix Onyedika Ogbuke (born 18 September 1985) is a retired Nigerian footballer who played as a striker for Vietnamese club QNK Quảng Nam.

Club career
Ogbuke started his professional career with Rangers Football Club of Enugu in 2002/2003 Nigerian Professional Football League (NPFL) Season. His career in Europe started after playing a part in Nigeria’s U23 team campaign in the All Africa Games tagged COJA 2003. He joined Al Was of United Arab Emirate, UAE, (2003–2004) from where he moved to Israeli side F.C. Ashdod (2004–2006).

Ogbuke starred for three other Israeli clubs, Hapoel Tel Aviv (2006-2007), Macabi Petah Tekva (2007-2009) and Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan (2009-2010) before he was snapped up by Cyprus giants, Apollon Limassol (2010-2011).

Ogbuke returned to the Nigerian league briefly to play for Sharks before joining Polish side, Leggia Warsaw (2011) from where moved to Vietnamese side, Hoang Anh Via Laid (2014) and later GNK Quang Nam also of Vietnam (2016).  He was released by Vietnamese club QNK Quang Nam in 2017 and in January 2018, Oguke was signed by Rangers.

In January 2020, Felix Ogbuke rejoined Enugu Rangers on a six months contract after he was initially considered surplus for requirement and eased out by the club.

International career

Ogbuke represented Nigeria at the U17s, U20s, U23s and at the full senior international level.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Enugu
Nigerian men's footballers
Nigerian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Al Wasl F.C. players
F.C. Ashdod players
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. players
Hapoel Ramat Gan Givatayim F.C. players
Apollon Limassol FC players
Legia Warsaw players
Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC players
Dhofar Club players
Israeli Premier League players
Liga Leumit players
Cypriot First Division players
Ekstraklasa players
V.League 1 players
Oman Professional League players
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate men's footballers in Israel
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Expatriate men's footballers in Vietnam
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Vietnam
Expatriate men's footballers in Oman
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Oman


Merab () is a Georgian masculine given name, and may refer to:

 Merab Dvalishvili (born 1991), Georgian UFC fighter
 Merab Kostava (1939-1989), Georgian dissident, musician and poet
 Merab Kvirikashvili (born 1983), Georgian rugby union footballer
 Merab Mamardashvili (1930-1990), Georgian philosopher
 Merab Ninidze (born 1965), Georgian actor

See also
 Paul Merab (1876–1930), a Georgian physician, pharmacist and researcher of Ethiopia
 Merav

Georgian masculine given names
Masculine given names


The New York Surf Film Festival is a film festival held in New York City featuring surf films that was held between 2008 and 2013.

History
The New York Surf Film Festival was founded in 2007 by a group of New York surfers.

It held its inaugural event September 26–28, 2008 at Tribeca Cinemas, with 25 films screened from all over the world, including a special 30th Anniversary screening of Warner Brothers' Big Wednesday directed by John Milius and co-written with Denny Aaberg.

The official website shows details of the 2013 festival.

Submission guidelines
The New York Surf Film Competition is open to independently produced feature-length and short films in the surf genre. In order to be considered for the Festival's Film Competition for U.S and International films, submitted films must have been completed after January 1, 2004. The running time for features must be greater than 30 minutes. Films under 30 minutes in length are eligible for participation in the Short Film Program.

2008 program

Feature films
The Rocks, directed by Mark Temme
Peel: The Peru Project, directed by Wes Brown
Musica Surfica, directed by Mick Sowry
One Winter Story, directed by Elizabeth Pepin
Sliding Liberia, directed by Britton Cailhouette
Archy, directed by Bill Ballard
Out There, a film by the Teton Gravity Project
Under the Sun, directed by Cyrus Sutton
Bustin Down the Door, directed by Jeremy Gosch
Between the Lines, directed by Ty Ponder

Short films
Surf Noir, directed by Suyen Mosely
The Ghosts Are Calling, directed by Andrew Kidman
June, directed by Spencer Driggs
Commune, directed by Matt Wesson
Distant Shores, directed by Matt Katsolis
Bonzer: The Mothership, directed by the Campbell Brothers
Evening Africa, directed by Dustin Miller
Pulp Poo and Perfection, directed by Joshua Berry
Drawing Lines, directed by Josh Bolton
Runman's:The Bruce Movie, directed by Ray Kleiman
Doctor Blood Family Surf, directed by Charles Smith
Lapsed Catholics, directed by Todd Stewart
Rip Tide, directed by Dennis Jarvy
Kooks, directed by Guy Fiorita
Invasion from Planet C, directed by David Potter

Winners
Musica Surfica, 2008 Best Feature Award
Distant Shores, 2008 Best Short Award
The Rocks, 2008 Viewers Choice Award

2009 program
The 2009 program included the following feature films:
Beyond The Dream: Joey Buran Story directed by Matt Katsolis and Nic McLean
Sea of Darkness directed by Michael Oblowitz
Power Of Three directed by Ross Cairns
Last Hope directed by Andrew Kidman
Hanging Five directed by Christopher Cutri
Searching for Michael Peterson directed by Australian documentary maker Jolyon Hoff
Waveriders directed by Joel Conroy
The Women and The Waves directed by Heather Hudson and Peck Euwer
The Drifter directed by Taylor Steele
Out of Place directed by Scott Ditzenberger and Darrin McDonald
Whitewash directed by Ted Woods
Clay Marzo:Just Add Water directed by Jamie Tierney
Surfing 50 States directed by Stefan Hunt and Jonno Durrant
Mengejar Ombak directed by Dave Arnold & Tyrone Lebon
Modern Collective directed by Kai Neville
A Pleasant Surprise directed by Kyle Pahlow
The Endless Summer directed by Bruce Brown
Innermost Limits of Pure Fun directed by George Greenough

Winners
The 2009 winners were:
Sea of Darkness, 2009 Best Feature Award
All Points South directed by Joshua Berry, 2009 Best Short Award
Out of Place, 2009 Viewers Choice Award

References

External links
 (2013)

Film festivals in New York City
American surfing films
Surfing in the United States
Surfing organizations


Engageante was a 26-gun frigate of the French Navy, only ship of her class, built to a design by Jean-François Etienne. The British captured her in 1794 and converted her to a hospital ship. She served as a hospital ship until she was broken up in 1811.

French service
Engageante was built in Toulon to a design by Jean-François Etienne. She was the sole ship of her class.

From July 1778, Engageante was under the command of Captain Gras-Préville. On 5 July 1778, as Engageante was scouting in front of D'Estaing's squadron, she detected the 26-gun British privateer frigate Rose, under Captain James Duncan. Engageante gave chase and caught up with her quarry around 2000hrs. The battle lasted until 0100hrs of 6 July, by which time Rose had been reduced to a wreck and struck her colours. Engageante returned to her squadron to report on the event; deeming Rose irretrievable, the French scuttled her.

Engageante took part in the Battle of St. Lucia on 15 December 1778.

In February 1779, Engageante departed Toulon for America, where she arrived in late March, but had to be quarantined. In April 1779, she escorted a convoy from Martinique to France, successfully fending off a British attack.

From 1781, she took part in the American Revolutionary War, including the Hudson Bay Expedition in 1782, with  and the 74-gun . The copper sheathing of the ships made them especially vulnerable in arctic waters, and Engageante suffered the most, damaging her bow so much that she had to call into Cadiz for repair. The crew also suffered from scurvy: by the time Engageante arrived in Europe, all had been affected; around 100 were too sick to work, and 15 had died.

Capture
Engageante was captured, along with  and , off the Île de Batz during the action of 23 April 1794. Her captor was . On Engageante 30 to 40 men were killed or wounded. On Concorde one man was killed and 12 were wounded. In the evening after the action Engageantes masts fell overboard, and Concordes masts were kept upright only with great difficulty.

British service
Engageante was subsequently recommissioned in the Royal Navy and registered as the hospital ship HMS Engageante on 27 July 1794.

She was commissioned at Cork in February 1795 under Lieutenant William Fry. She served for a while as Vice-Admiral Robert Kingsmill's flagship.

In 1796 Lieutenant Henry Parker replaced Fry, but drowned in January 1797. In 1798 Fry returned to command, but he died in 1801. In 1801 Lieutenant Barrington Mansfield assumed command, only to die within the year.

In June 1802  escorted Engageante, Lieutenant Donocliff, to Plymouth. There Engageante became a hospital ship; later she was a receiving ship at Cork. Although it was expected that Engageante would be broken up at Plymouth, that did not take place for almost a decade.

Fate
Engageante was broken up at Plymouth in May 1811.

Notes

Citations

References

External links

 Naval Database

Age of Sail frigates of France
1766 ships
Frigates of the French Navy
Ships built in France
Ships of the Royal Navy
Captured ships


Airmax or Air Max may refer to:

 Nike Air Max, a line of shoes first released by Nike, Inc.
 AirMax, a proprietary wireless protocol and wireless product brand developed by Ubiquiti Networks
 Air Max Africa, an airline based in Libreville, Gabon
 AirMax SeaMax, a Brazilian single-engine, amphibious light sport aircraft

See also
 Airmax Muzik II, 6th studio album by German rapper Fler


Rollersville is an unincorporated community on the border between Madison and Scott townships in Sandusky County, Ohio, United States.  It is located on the Grand Army of the Republic Highway (U.S. Route 6), approximately  west of Helena, Ohio. Rollersville had a post office from 1839 to 1908.

History
A post office called Rollersville was established in 1839, and remained in operation until 1908. The community was named for Henry Roller, a War of 1812 veteran and pioneer settler.

References

Unincorporated communities in Sandusky County, Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Ohio


In master locksmithing, key relevance is the measurable difference between an original key and a copy made of that key, either from a wax impression or directly from the original, and how similar the two keys are in size and shape. It can also refer to the measurable difference between a key and the size required to fit and operate the keyway of its paired lock.

No two copies of keys are exactly the same, even if they were both made from key blanks that are struck from the same mould or cut from the same duplicating/milling machine with no changes to the bitting settings in between. Even under these favorable circumstances, there will be minute differences between the two key shapes, though their key relevance is extremely high.

In all machining work, there are measurable amounts of difference between the design specification of an object, and its actual manufactured size. In locksmithing, the allowable tolerance is decided by the range of minute differences between a key's size and shape in comparison to the size and shape required to turn the tumblers within the lock. Key relevance is the measure of similarity between the key and the optimal size needed to fit the lock, or it is the similarity between a duplicate key and the original it is seeking to replicate.

Key relevance cannot be deduced from a key code, since the key code merely refers to a central authoritative source for designed shapes and sizes of keys.

Typical modern keys require a key relevance of approximately  to  (accuracy within 0.75% to 1.75%) in order to operate.

Other applications
"Key relevance" may also be applied to types of electronic locks when used to refer to similarities in magnetic signatures or radio codes, though truly digital-coded radio signals do not have key relevance ratings because they must have precise unlocking codes, with no degree of difference whatsoever in order to operate.

The term has also occasionally been co-opted by broader mechanical engineering to refer to the similarity of fit between two interlocking machined parts, although "tolerance" or "backlash" has gained far wider adoption and acceptance in usage.

See also
 Margin of error
 Process capability
 Specification
 Engineering tolerance
 Tolerance stacks

References

External links
 History of locks
 Technical requirements for DIN EN1303 and DIN 18252

Locksmithing
Locks (security device)
Engineering concepts
Mechanical standards


Oppenheim's sign is dorsiflexion of the great toe elicited by irritation downward of the medial side of the tibia. It is one of a number of Babinski-like responses.The sign's presence indicates damage to the pyramidal tract.

It is named after Hermann Oppenheim.

References

Symptoms and signs: Nervous system


Mohamed Ali Sassi (born March 20, 1980) is a Tunisian Olympic boxer . He represented his native North African country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. There he was stopped in the first round of the Men's Light-Welterweight (– 64 kg) competition by France's Willy Blain.

Ali Sassi qualified for the Athens Games by winning the gold medal at the 1st AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. In the final of the event he defeated home fighter Hicham Nafil. He won a bronze medal at the 2001 Mediterranean Games in Tunis, Tunisia.

References
Profile

1980 births
Living people
Light-welterweight boxers
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Tunisia
Tunisian male boxers

Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Tunisia
Competitors at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in boxing
21st-century Tunisian people
20th-century Tunisian people


Ocean Bank is the largest independent state-chartered commercial bank headquartered in Florida. Founded in 1982, Ocean Bank is active in commercial real estate, funding projects by real estate developers, construction companies, and land owners.

The bank also funds domestic commercial and industrial loans and offers retail banking services.  Its wealth management division provides domestic and international private banking services.

The bank offers its customers financial products that include 24-hour banking services, mobile banking, commercial and personal loans, factoring, cash management, and merchant card services. With $5.4 billion in assets and 652 employees, it is one of the four largest community banks in South Florida, where Ocean Bank operates 20 branches.

Community
The bank supports several community programs and education, including the United Way, the Orange Bowl Committee, Camillus House, Florida International University, Florida Memorial University, Belen Jesuit Preparatory School, The Carrollton School, and The Dade Public Education Fund.

Executive Officers
A. Alfonso Macedo, President, CEO and Chairman
Yuni Navarro, Executive Vice President / Chief Administrative Officer
Manuel M. Del Cañal, Executive Vice President / Wealth Management
Eddie Diaz, Executive Vice President / Head of Corporate Lending
Pedro Max, Executive Vice President / Head of Business Banking and Branches
Sam Monti, Executive Vice President / Chief Credit Officer
Stan Rubin, Executive Vice President / Chief Financial Officer & Chief Risk Officer
Rogelio Villarreal, Executive Vice President / Head of Commercial Lending
Barbara Brick, Senior Vice President / Director of BSA & Compliance
Rodolfo Bucaro, Senior Vice President & Chief Information Officer

Branches
Miami-Dade County

Main Office, Airport West, Aventura, Bird Road, Brickell, Coral Gables, Coral Way, Doral, Downtown Miami, Kendall, Miami Beach, Miami Lakes, Miller Drive, Palm Springs, Pinecrest, South Miami, West Flagler, West Hialeah, West Kendall, West Miami

Broward County

Downtown Fort Lauderdale and Weston, Fla.

Wealth Management
Main Office, Brickell

References

Banks based in Florida
Companies based in Miami
1982 establishments in Florida
American companies established in 1982
Banks established in 1982


Lark Camp World Music, Song & Dance Celebration, originally called Lark in the Morning Music Celebration, is an American annual week-long world music and dance celebration that includes instructional workshops for professional and beginner musicians and dancers.

Lark Camp takes place in the Mendocino Woodlands State Park, near the coastal village of Mendocino, California.

There are three primary camps:
 Camp One is focused on Irish music, Irish dance, English folk music, including English Country Dance, Morris and Sword dance, Greek music, Greek dances, Balkan music, Bulgarian dances,  and Swedish folk music,
 Camp Two is focused on Old-time music, Square dance, Cuban music, Latin dances, Tango dance, Andean music, Galician music and dance, French folk music, and Swing dances,
 Camp Three is focused on Middle Eastern music, Turkish music, Bellydance, Zimbabwean music, Samba Brazilian music and hand drumming.

There are also continuous jam sessions, and nightly dances for all participants.

History
Established in 1980 by Mickie Zekley, Lark Camp was created to allow traditional musicians and dancers to exchange ideas and learn.

External links
Jody Rosen. "Joanna Newsom, the Changeling", New York Times, New York, NY, March 7, 2010, about Joanna Newsom and Lark Camp.
Larry Li. "A Celtic Paradise on the California Coast", Strings Magazine, San Anselmo, CA, March 2010, about Lark Camp's Celtic music program.
Bob Doran. "Song of the Lark", North Coast - The Journal, Humboldt County, CA, August 7, 2008, about Lark Camp.
David LaHuta. "50 All-Star Family Camps", Budget Travel Magazine, New York, NY, March 2007, recommending Lark Camp as a family vacation
Claudia Kriva. "Tell Us Where To Go", Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, CA, August 13, 2008, about Lark Camp as a non-traditional vacation.
Erin Shrader. "Plays Well with Others", All Things String, San Anselmo, CA, August 28, 2009, by a Lark Camp instructor about her experiences at music sessions at Lark Camp.
Vicki Sanders Corporon. "The Lure of Lark Camp ... I'm Singing Its Praises", The Galley from The Clan MacNeil Society, San Pleasanton, CA, Fall/Winter 2005, about a campers experiences at Lark Camp.
Marta Veiga. "Gaitas No Cerne Do Imprio", El Progreso, Lugo, Spain, April 2, 2010,about Kevin Carr and the Galacian music at Lark Camp.
Staff. "Summer Camps... Not Just For Kids Anymore", Group Trip Advisor, Glendale, AZ, 2009, about summer camps for groups traveling on a budget.
 Lark Camp website
 Lark In The Morning website

English folk dance
Contra dance
Music festivals in California
Folk festivals in the United States