Winterdance: The Fine Madness of Running the Iditarod  is a non-fiction book written by Gary Paulsen. It was published on March 1, 1994 and it is also the inspiration for the 2002 Disney movie Snow Dogs.

Plot
The story begins with a poverty stricken Gary Paulsen (and his wife Ruth Wright Paulsen) living in a cabin in the woods of Minnesota, where he uses a team of dogs to pull a sled as he checks his trap lines. As Gary Paulsen's relationship with the dogs grows, he begins taking the team on longer and longer runs, sometimes staying out for several days at a time.

Paulsen returns home from a particularly lengthy trip and settles the dogs down in their kennel. However, he discovers that he is unable to enter the cabin. When his wife, Ruth, comes outside she finds him sitting quietly with the dogs, and Paulsen confesses to Ruth that when he is out with the dogs that he doesn't want to come back. Although they had talked about the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race prior to this point, and wondered at the insanity of the Mushers who competed in it, it is at this moment, with this confession, that Ruth knows Paulsen will compete.

Having only ever run a small team of dogs Paulsen is severely lacking in experience. In order to run the Iditarod, he will need a team of fifteen or sixteen dogs, and he doesn't own even half that many. He purchases some Canadian sled dogs, Devil, Ortho, and Murphy, and on the drive back home quickly realizes the difference between family pets and Eskimo sled dogs. Before they have gone several miles Devil and Ortho have chewed their way out of their travel kennels and are destroying the back of the truck, and Paulsen says to Ruth that someone will have to ride in the back with the dogs and keep them in. Ruth replies that as Paulsen is the one running the Iditarod that it should be him, and that it will give him a chance to get to know the dogs. Paulsen reluctantly agrees and climbs into the back of the truck. As soon as Ruth starts the truck the dogs leap on Paulsen and he is forced to defend himself. By the time they arrive home, Paulsen's own transformation has begun.

Still lacking experience, Paulsen hitches his team up and goes on several more runs, resulting in numerous wrecks, some of which result in Paulsen losing his team and walking home by himself. (The dogs not only find their own way home, but return long before Paulsen.) After one particular late night run where Paulsen and his team encounter several skunks, with the expected results, Paulsen is relegated to sleeping in the kennel. He finds that sharing sleeping quarters with the dogs increases his bond with them, and even after the smell has worn off he continues to sleep outside. When word gets around that Paulsen plans to compete in the Iditarod, the local community rallies behind him by donating money, food, and essential gear. One neighbor even donates his truck and drives Paulsen and the dogs up to Anchorage, Alaska for the race. When they start to run out of money this neighbor dips into his own savings account to help fund the remainder of the trip and keep Paulsen's dream alive.

Paulsen arrives in Anchorage two months before the race, and quickly realizes just how little he still knows about running the Iditarod. As he prepares himself for the 1,180-mile race, Paulsen constantly asks questions and seeks to learn from the officials and the other, more experienced Mushers. Paulsen's inexperience causes problems right from the first day, when he takes a wrong turn that adds 120-miles to his run. On this detour, Paulsen encounters a moose which, despite being repeatedly shot by a Musher traveling behind him, kills the lead dog of that team. During the 17 and a half days it takes Paulsen to complete the race he experiences sleep deprivation and hallucinations, freezing temperatures and bitingly cold winds, stunning views, and tragic disasters. He also re-evaluates his life and decides that a simple life is better than the pursuit of money and material objects. At the end of the story, Paulsen is diagnosed with coronary heart disease and is told that he will not be able to live a normal life. Before returning home a devastated Paulsen calls a friend and asks him to take all of his dogs except for Cookie, the dog who led his Iditarod team.

1994 non-fiction books
Books about Alaska
Books by Gary Paulsen
American non-fiction books
Dog sledding
Non-fiction books adapted into films


Carroll County Community College is a two-year community college serving the residents of Carroll County, Maryland, United States.

Notable alumni
Justin Ready, (born 1982), member of the Maryland State Senate and former member of the Maryland House of Delegates

External links
Carroll Community College website

1976 establishments in Maryland
Community and junior colleges in Maryland
Two-year colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges in Carroll County, Maryland
Westminster, Maryland


PA36 may refer to:

 Pennsylvania's 36th congressional district, a congressional district in Pennsylvania
 Pennsylvania Route 36, a state route in Pennsylvania
 Piper PA-36 Pawnee Brave, an agricultural aircraft made by Piper Aircraft
 Pitcairn PA-36, an autogyro manufactured by the Pitcairn Aircraft Company


The Lordship of Anholt was a small state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was an imperial estate and a member of the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle.

Geography

The state consisted only of the City of Anholt in the present-day District of Borken in the German state of North Rhine Westphalia. It had received town privileges in 1347 and finally was incorporated into the City of Isselburg in 1975. The Lordship bordered three larger states: the Duchy of Guelders, the Bishopric of Münster, and the Duchy of Cleves.

History

The Lords of Anholt, originally liegemen of the Utrecht bishops, reached independence as Freiherren by the early 14th century. In 1402, their territory fell to the Lords of Bronckhorst through marriage. These acquired a comital title and in 1431 had Anholt recognized by King Sigismund of Luxembourg as an imperial estate with a seat in the Reichstag.

In 1512 the forces of Guelders under Duke Charles of Egmond occupied Anholt, as the Bronckhorst counts had sided with his rival Philip I of Castile, and could not be induced to release it until in 1537 they were paid a significant ransom. The counts stayed loyal to the House of Habsburg, therefore their lordship had to suffer in the Eighty Years' War, when it was attacked by the Geuzen of the Utrecht Union, as well as in the Thirty Years' War.

In 1641, again by marriage, Anholt was acquired by the princes of Salm, and passed to the Salm-Salm division of Salm. When Salm-Salm was annexed by France in 1793, Anholt became the seat and main possession of the princes of Salm-Salm. In 1802, the princes of Salm-Salm, together with their relatives, the princes of Salm-Kyrburg, received the newly created Principality of Salm as a compensation for their losses from the Empire; this much larger new Principality was adjacent to Anholt and eventually incorporated it.

Anholt
Anholt
1160s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1169 establishments in Europe
1802 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire

de:Anholt#Geschichte


"Money for Nothing" is the debut single released by Swedish singer Darin in 2005. The song is taken from his debut commercial album, The Anthem. The song was written and composed by Robyn, Johan Ekhé, Ulf Lindström and Remee and reached the top of the Swedish Singles Chart, was certified platinum and was awarded a Grammis for song of the year.

Music video
The video features Darin in a large room with various colourful patterns on the walls surrounding him depicting the earth and he is underneath the layers of mud and clay. He is also seen leaning against a stone wall in the video and standing with a girl singing to her in the street. The video was produced by Mikael Gemoll and Bobby. The video for Money For Nothing also appears on the DVD Tour Videos Interview which was released in 2006.

Track listing
 "Money for Nothing" – 4:06
 "Money for Nothing" (Instrumental) – 4:03

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2005 debut singles
Darin (singer) songs
Songs written by Remee
Songs written by Johan Ekhé
Songs written by Ulf Lindström
2005 songs
Song recordings produced by Ghost (production team)
Number-one singles in Sweden
Songs written by Robyn
RCA Records singles


Ocsober is an Australian fundraising initiative that encourages people to give up alcohol for the month of October.
The money raised by voluntary participants goes to Life Education Australia, the organisation behind the educational mascot, Healthy Harold. For over 30 years, the well-known giraffe has been teaching Australian children how to enjoy a healthy lifestyle by resisting participation in drug and alcohol abuse. During 2014, Ocsober aimed to raise $1,000,000 to help Life Education Australia and Healthy Harold go into even more schools across Australia.
Ocsober is also used as an opportunity to highlight the growing danger of binge drinking and alcohol abuse, particularly among young Australians.

The statistics provided by Life Education estimates that 3,200 Australians die as a result of excessive alcohol consumption each year, while 81,000 end up in hospitals for the same reason. The organisation behind this initiative is also hoping to promote more permanent changes to Australian drinking habits. Participants will not just help a good cause but also might enjoy other potential benefits from a month off alcohol including feeling healthier and fitter, weight loss and the chance to try new sober activities.

Outside of Australia, in countries such as the US and UK, Ocsober is celebrated as "Sober October".

References

External links

Fasting
Alcohol in Australia
Fundraising events


Fatai Ayinla-Adekunle (6 May 1939 – 12 October 2016) was an amateur boxer from Nigeria, who won the gold medal in the men's heavyweight division (+ 81 kg) at the 1973 All-Africa Games in Lagos, Nigeria. He was born in Ibadan, Oyo. Ayinla represented his native country twice at the Summer Olympics: in 1968 and 1972. He claimed a bronze medal at the first World Amateur Boxing Championships in Havana, Cuba (1974).

1972 Olympic results
Below is the record of Fatai Ayinla, a Nigerian heavyweight boxer who competed at the 1972 Munich Olympics:

 Round of 16: lost to Carroll Morgan (Canada) by decision, 2-3

References

Article - The Death of Nigerian Sports And A Walk Down Memory Lane

1939 births
2016 deaths
Sportspeople from Ibadan
Yoruba sportspeople
Heavyweight boxers
Boxers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Nigeria
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Nigeria
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Nigeria
Boxers at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Boxers at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Boxers at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
Nigerian male boxers
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
African Games gold medalists for Nigeria
African Games medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 1973 All-Africa Games
Medallists at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games


The Association of Armenian Scouts (, Haï Ari, alternately ) was the Armenian Scouting in Exile movement recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement. In 1929 the Association of Armenian Scouts, centered in Paris, was given recognition as a member of the International Conference. Haï Ari was a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1929 to 1997. The organization was recognized in exile, with headquarters and approximately 1,100 members in France.

History
Scouting in Armenia was founded in 1912, then later developed abroad among the refugees who had survived the genocide of 1915-1916 and among those that had fled the communist takeover of Armenia in 1920, at which point Scouting ceased to exist in Armenia.

Dr. Kourkène Medzadourian, Chief Scout of Armenia, moved to France, where troops of Armenian Scouts were established in large cities.

In 1929, World Scouting recognized the Association of Armenian Scouts, Haï Ari, based in France. While the Association did not have its own territorial base, it was the exception to the rule, remaining a member of the World Organization and the European Scout Region.

In April 1939, J. S. Wilson paid a visit in Paris for the tenth anniversary of the recognition of the Association of Armenian Scouts.

At its meeting in 1945, the International Committee considered the standing of the two non-territorial National Scout Organizations, the Association des Scouts Armeniens and the Association Nationale des Scouts Russes. It was proved that the Armenian organization was very much alive, and that it had members in various countries, some of whom could not be recognized as Scouts without the existence of the Armenian organization. The same did not appear to be the case with the Russian Scouts, whose membership had dwindled and seemed to be confined to displaced persons (DP) camps. The Committee felt that the continued registration of the Association Nationale des Scouts Russes was not justified. The policy adopted in 1947 and reaffirmed in 1949 remained as it was until 1957, when the Committee decided to reconsider the whole question of policy in view of changed conditions.

In 1994, National Scout Movement of Armenia (, HASK) was born. The French-based Association of Armenian Scouts withdrew from membership in order to allow Scouting in Armenia to join the World Organization. Membership in the World Organization passed to HASK on April 18, 1997.

The former refugee organization disbanded on January 9, 1998.

Ideals
The Scout Motto was Misht Badrast () meaning 'always ready' in Armenian.

The Scout emblem incorporated the national colors as well as Mount Ararat, also an element of the coat of arms of Armenia.

Further reading
 Scouting Round the World, John S. Wilson, first edition, Blandford Press 1959 p. 62 105 154.

References

See also

 Scouting in Armenia

Scouting and Guiding in France
Disbanded Scouting organizations
Exile organizations
Scouting and Guiding in Armenia
Youth organizations established in 1929
Organizations disestablished in 1998
1929 establishments in France


Panama submitted a film for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for the first time in 2014. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards, in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit, known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, was created for non-English speaking films, and has been given annually since.

Submissions
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956. The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films. Following this, they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award. Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Panama for review by the Academy for the award by year and the respective Academy Awards ceremony.

Notes

References

Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award submissions by country
Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film


Mohamed Azzaoui (born December 1, 1975, in Mostaganem) is a retired amateur boxer from Algeria, who is best known for winning the gold medal in the men's heavyweight division (– 91 kg) at the 1999 All-Africa Games in Johannesburg, South Africa. He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he was defeated in the first round by Jackson Chanet from France. He is also a former New Zealand and Pan Asian Boxing Association cruiserweight champion.

Career
 participant Olympic Games 2000 ( Sydney, Australia ) (– 91 kg)
  African Amateur Boxing Championships 1998 (  Algiers, Algeria )  (+91 kg)
  All-Africa Games 1999 ( Johannesburg, South Africa)  (– 91 kg)
  Pan Arab Games 1999 (Amman, Jordan)  (– 91 kg)

International tournaments
  Copengahen Cup - 1999 (– 91 kg)
  Giraldo Cordova Cardin Tournament ( Santa Clara, Cuba) 1999  (– 91 kg)
  Giraldo Cordova Cardin Tournament (Havana, Cuba ) 1998 (– 91 kg)

Professional boxing record

External links

1975 births
Living people
New Zealand professional boxing champions
Heavyweight boxers
Boxers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers for Algeria
People from Mostaganem
New Zealand people of Algerian descent
Algerian male boxers
African Games gold medalists for Algeria
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 1999 All-Africa Games


Matías Walter Iglesias (; born 18 April 1985) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Greek Super League 2 club Ionikos.

Career
Born in Mendoza (Argentina), Iglesias started his football career in Argentina with Andes Talleres Sport Club. Iglesias was transferred to Atlético Madrid being a part of the U21 team. He played three years in Spain. In August 2007, AEL signs Iglesias by buying 50% of his playing rights from Atlético Madrid. In January 2012, he signed with Athens club Atromitos as a free agent, where he would meet again his former AEL coach, Georgios Donis. During the  seasons he managed to play 73 games (11 goals, 3 assists) both in local competitions and UEFA Europa League.

On 25 February 2014, after a good season at Atromitos, Iglesias was signed for Changchun Yatai, who had beaten AEK and Spanish club Levante by higher price (€450,000). His contract will be for one (plus one) year. On 8 March 2014, he made his debut for Yatai in a 1–0 away defeat against Beijing Guoan. On 23 April 2014, he scored his first goal for the club in a 3–1 away win against defending champions Guangzhou Evergrande. He made only 15 appearances for Yatai in the 2014 season due to injuries and scored 2 goals.

On 19 January 2015, Iglesias signed a one-and-a-half-year contract with Greek Super League club Asteras Tripolis for an undisclosed fee.

On 24 June 2018, the experienced Argentine midfielder extended his contract until the summer of 2020.

On 3 March 2019, Iglesias scored his first goal for the 2018–19 season in a home game against Panetolikos, which ended as a 3–0 win. On 5 May 2019, in the last matchday of the season, he scored in a 3–0 home win against Panionios, which secured his team's spot in the top division.

On 20 July 2020, Iglesias signed a new contract, running until the summer of 2021.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Atromitos
Greek Cup runner-up: 2011–12

References

External links

 Worldsoccer profile

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Rosario, Santa Fe
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Atlético Madrid footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Atlético Madrid B players
CD Toledo players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
Atromitos F.C. players
Changchun Yatai F.C. players
Asteras Tripolis F.C. players
Super League Greece players
Chinese Super League players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in China


The Bavares (also Babares or Baveres) were a Berber tribe living in the Roman province of Mauretania Caesariensis between the 3rd and 5th centuries AD. They are known only from inscriptions. They are sometimes portrayed as nomads and other times as sedentary mountaineers. Gabriel Camps argues that the name "Berbers" (Latin barbari) does not derive from "barbarian", as usually thought, but from the name of the Bavares.

References

Berber peoples and tribes
Mauretania Caesariensis
Ancient Algeria


The 2009 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the inter-county Gaelic football tournament played between 31 counties of Ireland, London and New York. The draw for the 2009 championship took place on 9 October 2008. The tournament began on 10 May 2009.

The 2009 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final took place on 20 September 2009, contested by Cork and Kerry. This was the year Tadhg Kennelly made history by becoming the first person to ever hold AFL Premiership and All-Ireland winning medals in the sports of Australian rules football and Gaelic football—he previously won the biggest prize in Australian rules with Sydney Swans in 2005.

Structure
Four knockout (single elimination format) provincial championships are played. London and New York compete in Connacht. The 4 provincial champions advance to the All-Ireland quarter-finals.
The 16 teams eliminated before reaching a provincial semi-final compete in Round One of the Qualifiers (New York do not compete in the Qualifiers). The 8 Round One winners advance to Round Two.
Qualifiers, Round Two: The 8 teams eliminated in provincial semi-finals each play one of the 8 Round One winners.
Qualifiers, Round Three: The 8 Round Two winners play off to reduce the number to 4.
Qualifiers, Round Four: The 4 teams eliminated in provincial finals each play one of the 4 Round Three winners.
All-Ireland Quarter-finals: The 4 provincial champions each play one of the 4 Round Four winners.
The winners of the All-Ireland Quarter-finals then advance to the Semi-finals, and the winners of the Semi-finals go on to the 2009 All-Ireland final.

Fixtures and results

Leinster Senior Football Championship

Munster Senior Football Championship

Connacht Senior Football Championship

Ulster Senior Football Championship

All-Ireland qualifiers

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3
A draw was made for round 3 of the qualifiers, with the winners of round 2 playing each other.

Round 4
A draw was made for round 4 of the qualifiers, with the winners of round three (Donegal, Kerry, Meath and Wicklow) playing against the losing provincial finalists (Antrim, Galway, Kildare and Limerick).

All-Ireland series

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Championship statistics

Miscellaneous

 Cork and Limerick met in the Munster final for the first time since 1901.
 Antrim reached their first Ulster final since 1970.
 Wicklow reached round 4 of the qualifiers, winning four championship games for the first time in their history.
 Mayo and Meath met for the first time in the championship since the 1996 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

Top scorers

Season

References

External links
 All-Ireland SFC Results


Julius Jenkins (born February 10, 1981) is an American professional basketball player, who lastly played for Science City Jena of the Basketball Bundesliga.

College career
Jenkins played collegiately at Georgia Southern University.

Professional career
He signed a contract extension with ALBA through the 2010–2011 season after being named the German League's MVP in 2008.

Before joining ALBA Berlin, Jenkins played professionally for RCE Nürnberg, also in Germany, and Euphony Bree in Belgium.

In July 2011 he signed a two-year deal with Brose Baskets in Germany. After only one year in Bamberg the club decided to cut him.

In July 2012, he sign a two-year deal with the EWE Baskets Oldenburg in Germany. In July 2014, he re–signed with Oldenburg.

On December 19, 2015, he signed with the Montenegrin club Budućnost Podgorica for the rest of the season.

On August 23, 2016, he signed with German club Science City Jena. On March 6, 2017, he re-signed with Jena for one more season.

References

External links
 Euroleague.net profile
 FIBA.com profile

1981 births
Living people
Alba Berlin players
American expatriate basketball people in Belgium
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Montenegro
American men's basketball players
Bree BBC players
Brose Bamberg players
Jenkins, Julius
EWE Baskets Oldenburg players
Georgia Southern Eagles men's basketball players
KK Budućnost players
Science City Jena players
Shooting guards
Basketball players from Broward County, Florida


The Kanniyakumari Superfast Express is a Superfast daily overnight train operated by Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways that runs between  and  in India. It is currently being operated with 12633/12634 train numbers on a daily basis.

Service
This train runs between Kanyakumari and Chennai Egmore.
This is Overnight Superfast Express Train of Southern Railway. This is the fastest train to reach from state capital to kanyakumari.

Schedule

Coach Composition
The train runs consists of 21 carriages:

It is running with brand new LHB Coaches

See also
 Pearl City (Muthunagar) Superfast Express
 Nellai Superfast Express
 Chennai Egmore–Nagercoil Weekly Superfast Express
 Pandian Superfast Express
 Vaigai Superfast Express
 Pothigai Superfast Express

References

External links
Details of Kanyakumari Express on India Rail Info
12634/Kanniyakumari - Chennai Egmore Superfast Express India Rail Info

Transport in Kanyakumari
Transport in Chennai
Express trains in India
Rail transport in Tamil Nadu


I Don't Care is an album by Buck Owens and his Buckaroos, released in 1964. It reached Number one on the Billboard Country charts and Number 135 on the Pop Albums charts. The single "I Don't Care" spent six weeks at number one.

The album features a duet with Rose Maddox as well as lead vocals by Don Rich and Doyle Holly. It was re-released on CD in 1995 by Sundazed Records with two bonus tracks, both instrumentals from The Buck Owens Songbook.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Cub Koda wrote "Like his previous albums, this one features solo performances from Owens... mixed with solo turns by the rest of the band."

Track listing

Side one
 "I Don't Care (Just as Long as You Love Me)" (Buck Owens) – 2:10
 "Dang Me" (Roger Miller) – 2:01
 "Don't Let Her Know" (Owens, Bonnie Owens, Don Rich) – 2:35
 "Buck's Polka" (Owens) – 1:55
 "Understand Your Man" (Johnny Cash) – 2:50
 "Loose Talk" (Freddie Hart, Ann Lucas) – 2:34

Side two
 "You're Welcome Anytime" (Buddy Mize, Ray Sanders) – 2:28
 "Abilene" (John D. Loudermilk) – 2:48
 "Playboy" (Eddie Miller, Bob Morris) – 1:56
 "Bud's Bounce" (Bud Isaacs) – 1:48
 "Louisiana Man" (Doug Kershaw) – 2:49
 "This Ol' Heart" (Eddie Miller, Bob Morris) – 2:07
1995 bonus tracks:
 "I Don't Care (Just as Long as You Love Me)" (Owens) – 2:09
 "Don't Let Her Know" (Owens, Owens, Rich) – 2:38

Personnel
Buck Owens – guitar, vocals
Don Rich – guitar, fiddle, vocals, (lead vocal on "Dang Me" and "Louisiana Man")
Doyle Holly – bass, vocals (lead vocal on "Abilene" and "Understand Your Man")
Rose Maddox – vocal duet on "Loose Talk"
Tom Brumley – pedal steel guitar
Willie Cantu – drums
Pee Wee Adams – drums
Bob Morris – bass
Jay McDonald – pedal steel guitar
Mel King – drums
George French – piano
Jim Pierce – piano
Jelly Sanders – fiddle, guitar
Allen Williams – bass

References

1964 albums
Buck Owens albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


The Raid on Saint-Paul was an amphibious operation conducted by a combined British Army, Royal Navy and Royal Marines force against the fortified French port of Saint Paul on Île Bonaparte (now known as Réunion) during the Napoleonic Wars. The operation was launched on 20 September 1809 as both a precursor to a future full-scale invasion of Île Bonaparte and in order to capture the French frigate Caroline and the East Indiamen she had seized in the action of 31 May 1809 which were sheltering in the harbour. The operation was a complete success, with British storming parties capturing the batteries overlooking the port, which allowed a naval squadron under Commodore Josias Rowley to enter the bay and capture the shipping in the harbour.

The French defenders of the town, despite initially resisting the attack, were unable to prevent the seizure of the port's defensive fortifications. The British force later withdrew under pressure from the main garrison of the island, burning warehouses containing over £500,000 worth of silk captured from British merchant ships. Ultimately the French were unable to effectively oppose the invasion, the island's governor General Des Bruslys retreating to Saint-Denis rather than engage the British and later committing suicide. The transportation of forces from the recently captured island of Rodrigues, the co-ordination of land and naval forces and the failure of the French defenders to co-ordinate an effective response were all features of the subsequent invasion and capture of Île Bonaparte in July 1810.

Background
The French Indian Ocean territories of Île de France and Île Bonaparte were heavily fortified island bases from which French frigates were able to launch raids against British trade routes across the Indian Ocean during the Napoleonic Wars. In late 1808, a squadron of four frigates departed France for the region under Commodore Jacques Hamelin with orders to prey on the convoys of East Indiamen that regularly crossed the Indian Ocean. During the late spring of 1809, these frigates dispersed into the Bay of Bengal, attacking British shipping and coastal harbours around the rim of the Eastern Indian Ocean. The Royal Navy was also preparing an operation in the region, a staggered campaign intended to blockade, isolate and subsequently capture both Île de France and Île Bonaparte, eliminating the final French territories and bases east of Africa.

To conduct the British operation, Admiral Albemarle Bertie at the Cape of Good Hope organised a squadron under Commodore Josias Rowley to blockade the islands, capture any French shipping that presented itself and begin preparations for the invasions. Rowley was equipped with the antiquated ship of the line  and a small squadron of frigates and smaller ships, later reinforced with a force of soldiers from Madras in British India, with which he seized the nearby island of Rodriguez to use as a raiding base.

On 14 August, one of Rowley's ships, the 18-gun sloop , attacked a French brig at Rivière Noire District on Île de France. Although the attack was ultimately unsuccessful, Otters captain Nesbit Willoughby and his landing party were able to break into and out of the harbour without severe difficulties. This prompted Rowley to consider a larger scale operation against a more heavily fortified French position. Two months earlier, in the action of 31 May 1809, the French frigate Caroline had captured two East Indiamen, Streatham and Europe, in the Bay of Bengal. The French captain, Jean-Baptiste-Henri Feretier, led his prizes back to the French-held islands, arriving off Île de France on 22 July. Feretier was prevented from attempting to reach Port Louis by Rowley's blockading squadron and instead put his ships into Saint-Paul on Île Bonaparte to unload his captured vessels and replenish his supplies.

Raid

Preparation
Rowley became aware of Feretier's presence at Saint-Paul during the following month and determined to attack the port and recapture the valuable ships in the harbour. The operation was also to be a prelude to an eventual invasion attempt, giving the squadron experience of an amphibious landing operation. Conferring with Lieutenant Colonel Henry Keating on Rodriguez, Rowley determined that Keating's men would land behind the gun batteries that defended the town and storm them. This would allow Rowley to bring his squadron directly into the harbour, capture the shipping anchored there and possibly seize the town as well. Rowley's planning was directly affected by a failed attack on Saint-Paul on 11 November 1806, when  and  had attacked the harbour without infantry support. Their target was the frigate Sémillante, but neither British ship had been able to pass the heavy batteries that protected the port and they were forced to withdraw.

On 16 September 1809, the troops were prepared, and 368 British Army soldiers were embarked on the British frigate HMS Nereide under Captain Robert Corbett, Willoughby's Otter and the Honourable East India Company schooner Wasp. This troop convoy was joined off Saint-Paul on 18 September by the rest of Rowley's squadron, the flagship Raisonnable and the frigates  under Captain Samuel Pym, and  under Captain John Hatley. These ships mustered an additional 236 seaman volunteers and Royal Marines who would join the assault. The entire invasion force was then embarked on Nereide, as Corbett had experience with the Île Bonaparte coastline, with the assault designated for the early morning of 21 September.

Assault

At 05:00 on 21 September 1809, Nereide entered the bay of Saint-Paul under the cover of darkness and successfully landed the British force, without any sign they had been sighted from the shore, at the Pointe des Galets. The Pointe des Galets was  north of Saint-Paul, the distance allowing the force, divided into Keating's soldiers from Rodriguez and the naval force led by Nesbit Willoughby, to approach the heavy gun batteries that guarded the port unobserved. Storming the strongest batteries, Lambousière and la Centière, at 07:00, the British force surprised the garrisons, captured the fortifications and turned their cannon onto the shipping moored in the harbour, firing grape shot at the decks of the frigate Caroline.

A detachment of the British landing force then separated from the main body and seized a third battery named la Neuf, routing a force of local militia that attempted to block their advance with artillery assistance from the British squadron in the bay. The militia had come down from their garrisons in the surrounding hills and been joined by 110 French soldiers who had disembarked from Caroline, but the small French force was easily brushed aside by the British landing party. Keating and Willoughby then destroyed the guns in the first two captured batteries and stormed the remaining two fortifications, once again capturing them and using their own cannon to fire on the shipping in the harbour.

While the landing force drove off the defenders and captured the fortifications, the naval squadron entered the harbour and opened up an overwhelming fire on the outnumbered Caroline. Shot was also fired at the captured East Indiamen, various other vessels in the harbour and any small batteries or shore positions that remained in French hands. Feretier and the other French naval officers, recognising that their position was hopeless, cut the anchor cables of their ships and allowed them to drift ashore, where they abandoned ship to escape capture. The British squadron then anchored in the harbour as their crews set about refloating the grounded French ships on the beach. In addition to Caroline and the East Indiamen  and , Rowley's squadron captured a 14-gun privateer brig named , which the French had captured in 1806 from the Bombay Marine, the East India Company's navy, and five or six smaller ships. With the harbour and fortifications in British hands, Keating and Willoughby entered the town of Saint-Paul without further combat.

Withdrawal
On the night of 21 September, the landing party embarked on the British ships in the bay having destroyed all of the fortified positions that surrounded the harbour. During 22 September, French forces were seen gathering in the hills around the town, brought from outlying garrisons to join the main garrison from the capital Saint-Denis by the island's governor General Des Bruslys. Rowley and Keating anticipated that this force, which outnumbered their own, would recapture the town on 23 September and accordingly ordered Willoughby to land with his marines and sailors to burn French government property along the waterfront. The most obvious and significant target of Willoughby's force was a warehouse on the docks that was stocked with the captured silk from the East Indiamen captured by Caroline. Willoughby ordered this building to be burned, destroying over £500,000 worth of captured textiles, (the equivalent of £ as of ). Other nearby warehouses were not destroyed as it was not possible to rapidly determine their ownership. Although the French force had reached the outskirts of the town, Willoughby was able to land and reembark his troops without a single shot being fired. On 22 September, Rowley received a petition from a body of slaves in the town who had escaped during the fighting and demanded arms with which to attack the French. They also offered to burn the town to the ground. Rowley, who sought to cultivate good relations with the powerful elements of society with a view to capturing the island in the near future, refused their demands and had the slaves returned to their owners, where eight were executed for plotting rebellion. There was however a noted example of a slave displaying loyalty to his owner: The painter Jean-Joseph Patu de Rosemont had served in the militia forces with the journalist Nicole Robinet de La Serve and was captured when Keating's troops entered Saint-Paul. Taken aboard the British squadron, Rosemont's son Amédée applied to exchange himself for his father as a prisoner but was refused. Shortly before the squadron departed, Rosemont's personal slave Félix swam to the squadron to serve his owner in captivity. For his loyalty, Félix was manumitted when Rosemont was freed in 1810.

On 23 September, Rowley and Keating planned another landing under cover of the guns of the Nereide to drive off the French reinforcements. On landing, however, it was discovered that the French force had disappeared. Lacking support for a counterattack from the local landowners, who favoured a return to the monarchy, Des Bruslys was unwilling to order an assault which he deemed would have inevitably led to an unnecessary bloodbath. Instead, he ordered his forces to abandon Saint-Paul and retire to Saint-Denis during the night. Without support from his commanding officer, Captain St-Michel, commandant of Saint-Paul, agreed to surrender the town entirely, withdrawing his remaining forces under a flag of truce. The agreed truce lasted five days, during which the British force loaded their ships with French government provisions, equipment, military and naval stores and those cargoes from captured British ships that had not been burnt by Willoughby. The French made no effort to prevent this, Des Bruslys having committed suicide some days before, torn between his refusal to surrender the island to the British and his reluctance to order a bloody battle for what he regarded to be an "open island".

Rowley also seized the East Indiamen Streatham and Europe and restored their previous captains and crews, who had been released as part of the truce. A number of smaller merchant ships were captured and all were refitted for the journey to Britain, to be convoyed there by the newly captured Caroline. This 40-gun frigate, only three years old and very large and powerfully built, was given to Corbett in recognition of his services in the operation and renamed HMS Bourbonaise, reflecting the British name for Île Bonaparte, Île Bourbon. Willoughby was promoted to post captain and immediately took command of Corbett's former ship Nereide. Late on 28 September, Rowley led his force to sea from Saint-Paul having burnt or seized all government shipping, stores and buildings in the town and surrounding areas.

Aftermath
Casualties of the operation were not high on either side. British losses in the landing party amounted to 15 killed and 58 wounded, with an additional three missing. The naval squadron suffered no known casualties in the engagement, principally because they did not come under heavy fire. French losses have not been calculated, but apart from General Des Bruslys were probably a similar figure to the British. In contrast, the damage to the morale of the French defenders of Île Bonaparte was severe: the death of Des Bruslys and the failure to properly defend the town undermined their efforts to such a degree that the eventual invasion of the island in 1810 was carried out without significant fighting or loss. This invasion force was similar in size to the raiding party and was once again led by Rowley and Keating.

Caroline was a "tolerably fine frigate" and her capture was a blow to the French squadron based on Île de France under Hamelin. The recapture of the East Indiamen was an important success, reducing the impact of French operations in the region during 1809. The raid also provided the British forces with vital experience in conducting amphibious landings staged from Rodriguez and gave an indication of the quality of French shore defences and defensive formations throughout the islands, which would have an important effect on future operations, especially the Invasion of Île Bonaparte in 1810.

Lloyd's List (LL) reported on 9 January 1811 that the captured vessels, except for Europe, which had been sent to Bombay, had all arrived at the Cape of Good Hope.

Notes

References

Conflicts in 1809
Naval battles of the Napoleonic Wars
Battles involving France
Battles involving the United Kingdom
1800s in Réunion
1809 in Africa
Military raids
Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom
September 1809 events


Panagiotis Katsiaros  (; born 8 May 1978) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a left back. He now works as a manager in the youth academies of amateur Thessaloniki based football club Ethnikos Pylea.

Career
He played for AEL in the Greek Super League, where he was the oldest member of the squad, playing from January 2005 to May 2012.

Katsiaros has also previously played in the Greek Super League for Aris, Panionios and Kerkyra.

References

External links
Katsiaros's profile at Insports

Katsiaros's profile at Guardian

1978 births
Living people
Greek men's footballers
Aris Thessaloniki F.C. players
Panionios F.C. players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
Footballers from Thessaloniki
Men's association football fullbacks
Greece men's under-21 international footballers


Philip John Pasterfield was Bishop of Crediton from 1974 to 1984.

Pasterfield was born in Canada on 14 January 1920 and educated at Denstone College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. After World War II service with the Somerset Light Infantry he studied for ordination and began his career with a curacy at Streatham. He was made a deacon on Trinity Sunday 1951 (20 May) and ordained a priest the Trinity Sunday following (8 June 1952) — both times by Bertram Simpson, Bishop of Southwark, at Southwark Cathedral. Following this he was Vicar of West Lavington, West Sussex then Woolbeding in the same area; and finally, before his ordination to the episcopate, Rural Dean of Birkenhead. He was consecrated a bishop on 18 October 1974 by Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey. In retirement he continued to serve the Diocese of Exeter as an honorary assistant bishop until his death on 29 January 2001.

References

1920 births
2001 deaths
Canadian emigrants to England
People educated at Denstone College
Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Somerset Light Infantry officers
Bishops of Crediton
20th-century Church of England bishops


Fenton Le Roy "Muscles" Mole (June 14, 1925 – February 20, 2017) was an American Major League Baseball player.

Biography
Mole was born in San Leandro, California. He played two seasons for Newark in the minor leagues, 1947 and 1949. He was called up on September 1, 1949. Mole played in ten games for the New York Yankees in the 1949 season. He had five hits in 27 at-bats, with a .185 batting average. Mole batted and threw left-handed. In the field, he accepted 65 total chances (59 putouts, 6 assists) as a first baseman without an error for a 1.000 fielding percentage.  He served in the military during World War II.

He died on February 20, 2017, at the age of 91.

References

External links
Fenton Mole statistics and history on Baseball-Reference.com

1925 births
2017 deaths
New York Yankees players
Sportspeople from San Leandro, California
Baseball players from Alameda County, California
Syracuse Chiefs players
Beaumont Exporters players
Beaumont Roughnecks players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Newark Bears (International League) players
Norfolk Tars players
Portland Beavers players
San Francisco Seals (baseball) players


Erland & The Carnival were a British progressive folk rock band, formed in London, by Orcadian folk guitarist and singer Gawain Erland Cooper, multi-instrumentalist Simon Tong, and drummer/engineer David Nock. In 2010 they released their critically acclaimed eponymous debut album, and a year later released Nightingale to further widespread acclaim. Their third album Closing Time was released in autumn 2014 and featured collaborations with Paul Weller. The album was recorded in 7 days at Damon Albarn's Studio 13 and was mixed by Tim Bran.

Erland & The Carnival are well known for their contemporary arrangements of traditional Scottish and English folk songs, resulting in a "wild pastiche of digital trickery and oral tradition that channels the spirit of '70s progressive rock while staying true to pop-song brevity."

History

Founding, early releases
The band Erland & The Carnival was formed in London in 2009, by multi-instrumentalist Simon Tong, Orcadian folk guitarist and singer Gawain Erland Cooper and drummer/engineer David Nock.

Erland Cooper and Tong had first met at a London folk night put on by Tong in 2008, and discovered a shared love of folk music and musician Jackson C. Frank, and in particular Frank's song "My Name is Carnival," which became the basis for the band's name. According to Tong, "[Cooper and I] did an afternoon of playing and writing with engineer and drummer friend David Nock and pretty much decided there and then to form a band." Instead of rock and folk, Nock came from an electronic background, contributing to their unique sound.

After Erland and Nock recorded the track "Coming Home" for Tong and Youth's compilation What the Folk (Vol 2), the three began writing and playing together around London. Musicians Andrew Bruce and Danny Wheeler joined later as permanent members, with Bruce on synthesizers and Wheeler handling bass guitar.

Inspired by Daniel Johnston's Hello How Are You? (on which he re-recorded individual albums to meet demand because his tape machine was broken), Erland and the Carnival released a limited edition debut EP in September 2008, with each CD containing different recordings unique to each copy.

Erland and the Carnival (2010)

The band's debut album, Erland & the Carnival was recorded at Damon Albarn's Studio 13 and released on 25 January 2010. A number of traditional songs are used by the band, including "The Derby Ram" by Llewellyn Jewitt, with the band changing the lyrics to refer to a suicide which occurred in Derby in 2008.

The album was received favourably by publications such as The Times and The Guardian, and the album's lead single, "Erland & The Carnival," was named track of the day by Clash Magazine on 28 January 2010.

According to the BBC, the band has "taken various bits of existing poetry, lyrics, folk tales and songs, and melded them together with their own organs, guitars and lyrics. The result is a collection of engaging, swirling tracks and stories that sound like the soundtrack to a creepy, dreamy funfair." For Folks Sake praised the production quality, stating "the crystal clarity and spatial acumen in the recording of the instrumentation and vocals is a brilliant work of dissection."

EPs, singles
Their Trouble in Mind EP was released on Yep Roc in the US and Full Time Hobby in the UK on 19 October 2010. Their promo single from the EP, "The Derby Ram," was released on Full Time Hobby during the week of 20 August 2010. According to a review of the album by Pop Matters, who gave the album 6/10 stars, "Weaving psychedelic choral interludes out of the Electric Prunes' Mass in F Minor with early Jefferson Airplane and occasional Tom Waits madness, the band's sound is very, very unusual...just don't expect strong melodies or pop hooks on this one; that's not their aim."

The band has toured frequently, both in England and internationally, and played venues such as SXSW in 2011. The band has toured with artists such as Hannah Peel.

Nightingale (2011)

Nightingale is their second studio album, released in 2011 on the Full Time Hobby label. The band spent over a year writing the songs for the album, and the recording process took around three months. The album was recorded on board HMS President, a ship moored on the River Thames.

Whereas their previous album was replete with allusions to old ballads, Nightingale consists primarily of original tracks. On its cover is a photo of Janet Hodgson flying across her bedroom, supposedly by a poltergeist. The band claims the art reflects the album's sound, as they were "trying to create a soundtrack to an imaginary horror film about the supernatural."

The album received positive reviews from Allmusic and The Times, and a positive review and 3/5 stars from The Guardian. A review by Pitchfork was largely positive. According to James Monger of Allmusic, "The group takes traditional folk music and then filters it through the swirling psych rock of Piper at the Gates of Dawn-era Pink Floyd, the electro-freak folk of Animal Collective, and the pastoral creep of bands Espers and Vetiver, resulting in a wild pastiche of digital trickery and oral tradition that channels the spirit of '70s progressive rock while staying true to pop-song brevity."

Rufus
The band contributed several songs to the soundtrack of the 2012 Canadian film Rufus. The songs "Wanting" and "Out of Sight" received Canadian Screen Award nominations for Best Original Song at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards.

Style, themes
Erland and the Carnival became known for their contemporary arrangements of traditional Scottish and English folk songs, including "Tramps and Hawkers", "Was You Ever See" and "Love Is a Killing Thing", collected by Ralph Vaughan Williams. Many of the songs are rooted in scholarship; before forming the band, Erland Cooper had previously spent years studying Bert Jansch and Davey Graham, sourcing old British songs from the Vaughan Williams museum near where he lives.

According to the band, their approach to the music is more casual than serious, and "we collect ideas from films, books, car boot sales and art. When we were recording the album in our boat studio...we would visit the Tate Britain art gallery each morning for ideas. Artists like Mike Nelson, Susan Hiller and of course Grayson Perry were a great inspiration."

The track "Everything Came Too Easy" was inspired by a speech by Charles Van Doren to the House Subcommittee on Legislative Oversight, a United States Congress subcommittee, investigating a rigging scandal on the quiz show Twenty One. The track "The Derby Ram" is a modernisation of a folk standard about a giant fictional sheep, reworked to comment on the suicide of Shaun Dykes.

Band members
 Simon Tong – Guitar, harmonium, zither, backing vocals
 Gawain Erland Cooper – Guitar, vocals
 David Nock – Drums, percussion, backing vocals, keyboards
 Andy Bruce – Synthesizers
 Danny Wheeler – Bass guitar

Discography

Albums

Singles

Further reading
Interviews

References

External links
ErlandandtheCarnival.com
Band MySpace page

Musical groups from London
English folk rock groups
Full Time Hobby artists
Static Caravan Recordings artists


The Newton Daily News is now a twice-weekly paper published Tuesdays and Fridays based in Newton, Iowa. The newspaper publishes its main print edition under the banner Newton News but maintains a daily presence on its website. The switch was made in April 2020 due to the effects the coronavirus had on the industry.

The newspaper is owned by Shaw Media.

"Gaystapo" controversy
In April 2014, the Daily News became the source of controversy when its editor-in-chief, Bob Eschilman, published on his personal blog criticism about a website, The Queen James Bible, that rewrites the Christian Bible to be friendlier to gays and lesbians. Eschliman wrote in part: "If you ask me, it sounds like the Gaystapo is well on its way. We must fight back against the enemy." National media critic Jim Romenesko emailed Eschliman if he thought the Daily News "could fairly cover gay issues when he has 'declared gays the enemy.'" The blog was later removed.

In the wake of the comments, Eschilman was suspended from his position on April 30 and on May 5, Shaw Media announced Eschliman's dismissal. "Last week, he expressed an opinion in his personal blog that in no way reflects the opinion of the Newton Daily News or Shaw Media," Shaw Media president John Rung wrote in an editorial published the day after Eschilman was fired. "While he is entitled to his opinion, his public airing of it compromised the reputation of this newspaper and his ability to lead it." In June, Abigail Pelzer was named the new editor.

References

Newspapers published in Iowa
1902 establishments in Iowa


Omar Ahmed Abdelkader (born December 29, 1979) is an amateur boxer from Kenya, who is also known as Omar Ahmed, Ahmed Abdelkader, or Ahmed Rajab Omari. He is best known for winning the gold medal in the men's heavyweight division (– 91 kg) at the 1995 All-Africa Games in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Ahmed represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, being the youngest member (16 years, 205 days) of the Kenyan Olympic Team. There he was defeated in the second round by David Defiagbon from Canada.
Omar also won a gold medal in the Men's Heavyweight Division at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia.

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Kenyan male boxers
Kenyan Muslims
Heavyweight boxers
Olympic boxers for Kenya
Boxers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Kenya
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Boxers at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
African Games gold medalists for Kenya
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 1995 All-Africa Games
Medallists at the 1994 Commonwealth Games


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Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov - Dzhinot (, , spelled in the pre-reformed Bulgarian orthography: Iорданъ Хачиъ Константиновъ Чиновъ; c. 1818 – 22 August 1882), was a Bulgarian teacher and author, an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival during the 19th century.

Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov devoted all his life to the cause of secular public education, and he actively promoted the idea of enforcement of spoken vernacular in the schools and applying of modern pedagogical practices. According to the historiography in North Macedonia, Dzhinot had an ethnic Macedonian identity and promoted education in Macedonian.

Biography

He was born around 1818 in Köprülü, Ottoman Empire (today in North Macedonia). Yordan completed his basic education in a local church school at Veles and next, he attended the high schools at Thesalonika and Samokov. In 1840 he started to teach as a private teacher, and in 1845 he was appointed a teacher in a municipal school at Veles. There Yordan involved in a conflict with the Greek clergy and he was forced to leave the town. In 1848 he settled in Üsküp (now Skopje), where he worked as a teacher in the Bulgarian school. There Yordan applied modern pedagogical methods in his practice. In January 1857 Yordan was dismissed from the service under the pressure of the Greek metropolitan bishop of Üsküp. The same year the local Turkish authorities had Yordan exiled from Üsküp, where he would not return.

In 1861, when the Grand Vizier of the Empire visited Köprülü, the local bishop Benedictus accused Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov of spying and conspiracy with the Serbs and the Bulgarian leader Georgi Rakovski, whose prohibited in Turkey books and newspapers Yordan had kept in his private library. The Grand Vizier believed the allegations and had Yordan exiled in Aydın, (Asia Minor). On the way to Aydin Yordan lost one of his eyes, and because of that he was called "The Jinn" (Джинот, Dzhinot). He returned from exile in 1863 and devoted all of his time to education.

Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov-Dzhinot died in Köprülü on 22 August 1882.

Works
Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov was in touch with the Society of the Serbian Letters (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts) in Belgrade and he published some of his discoveries on the pages of Glasnik (an official tribune of the society). On 24 January 1854 Yordan sent from Skopje a manuscript copy of а medieval Bulgarian record, called "A narration about the restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate in 1235", which was discovered at first by Dzhinot and was published in Glasnik in 1855. Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov-Dzhinot found a manuscript of a Bulgarian medieval story "An oration of Saint Cyril, how he baptized the Bulgarian people", called "Solunska legenda" ("A legend from Thesalonika"). It was published in Glasnik in 1856.

Yordan Hadzhikonsatntinov was author of some patriotic articles in the Bulgarian Tsarigradski Vestnik (Istanbul newspaper), as "God" (published in 1851),  "Bulgarian literature" (1852), "About the Church Slavonic language" (1852), "Veles" (1857), "Prilep" (1854) etc. They contain information about the history and geography of the  Macedonian region, and also some information about the history of the Bulgarian people, Bulgarian education and the Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid. Being an adherent of the autochthonous theory about the origin of the Bulgarians, Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov-Dzhinot thought that Bulgarians are descendants of the ancient Thracians and Illyrians. In his publications, Yordan lost no occasion to declare his Bulgarian identity. He openly stated: " I am Bulgarian, and I bewail our lost Bulgarians, who are in  Lower Moesia, and it is our duty to lay down our life for our brothers, the dearest Bulgarians".

Notes

References

Primary sources

Secondary sources

Further reading

External links
 Йордан Хаджиконстантинов-Джинот. Българин съм. Предг., съст. и ред. И. Радев. Велико Търново, 1993..
 Georgiev, Emil. Люлка на старата и новата българска писменост.
 Кънчов, В. Избрани произведения. Т. II. София, 1970.
 Тъпкова-Заимова, В.; Милтенова, А. (1996). Историко-апокалиптичната книжнина във Византия и в средновековна България. София: Университетско изсдателство "Св. Климент Охридски". 311-321. .
 Джинот - кратки биографични бележки и факсимилета от дописки
Йордан Хаджиконстантинов-Джинот. Българин съм. Предг., съст. и ред. И. Радев. Велико Търново: Абагар, 1993.

1882 deaths
People from Veles, North Macedonia
Bulgarian male writers
Bulgarian educators
19th-century Bulgarian educators
Macedonian Bulgarians
1818 births


James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley (8 January 1312/13 – 1 April 1386) of Heighley Castle, Staffordshire, was an English peer. He was the son and heir of Nicholas Audley, 1st Baron Audley (1289–1316) by his wife Joan Martin (died Feb. 1320 / 1 Aug. 1322), who was the daughter of William Martin (died 1324), feudal baron of Barnstaple (in Devon), and Marcher Lord of Kemes (in what later became Pembrokeshire). She was posthumously the eventual sole heiress of her brother William FitzMartin (died 1326) to Barnstaple and Kemes.

Marriages and children
James Audley married twice. His first marriage, before 13 June 1330, was to Joan Mortimer, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March by his wife Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville. By Joan he had four children:
Their eldest son, Nicholas, succeeded his father in the title, becoming Nicholas Audley, 3rd Baron Audley (c.1328–1391) – he married Elizabeth Beaumont, a daughter of Henry de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan, but died without legitimate issue whereupon his title became abeyant
Their second son Roger predeceased his father.
Joan (1331–1393), their first daughter, married Sir John Tuchet (1327–1371). Upon Nicholas' death, she became co-heiress to his lands and title. In 1403, her grandson, John (Nicholas's great-nephew) was acknowledged as having a 1/3 share in the lands of the barony. In 1408, the abeyance of title was terminated in John's favour, and he thus succeeded to Nicholas' titles
Margaret (born pre-1351, died 1410/11), their second daughter, who married Sir Roger Hillary.

After the death of his first wife, Audley married before December 1351 to Isabel LeStrange, daughter of Roger le Strange, 5th Baron Strange (c. 1327–1382) of Knokyn. They had four children: three sons, Thomas, Roland (or Rowland) and James, who all died childless, and a daughter, Margaret Audley (died 1373), who married Fulk FitzWarin, 4th Baron FitzWarin (1341–1374) of Whittington Castle, Shropshire and Alveston, Gloucestershire. Fulk's mother was said to be Joan de Beaumont, a daughter of Henry de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan, and was thus a sister of the wife of Fulk's half-brother-in-law Nicholas Audley, 3rd Baron Audley. In 1392 Margaret's 3-year-old grandson Fulk FitzWarin, 6th Baron FitzWarin (1389–1407) inherited  the manor of Tawstock in Devon, thought to have been a later seat of the feudal barons of Barnstaple, which had been settled in 1370 by James Audley, 2nd Baron, in tail male successively to his three childless sons from his second marriage.

Succession
James Audley had settled the feudal barony of Barnstaple by means of an entail on his heirs male, with remainder to the crown. As all his sons from both his marriages died without male issue, the barony became the inheritance of King Richard II, who granted the barony to his half-brother John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, in tail-male.

Sources
ThePeerage.com entry

References

1310s births
1386 deaths
02


Pichit Sitbangprachan (); born Supap Hanwichachai (สุภาพ หาญวิชาชัย); 15 January 1966) is a former professional boxer from Thailand. He is one of just fifteen world boxing champions to retire without a loss. He is the older brother of Pichit Chor Siriwat, a former WBA Junior-flyweight champion.

Career history
Sitbangprachan turned professional in 1988. In 1992 he captured the IBF flyweight title with a KO win over champion Rodolfo Blanco at Imperial World Samrong, Samut Prakan province. When he won the world title he was considered a very famous and popular boxer, because during that time Thailand does not have any boxers reigning world champions. He defended the belt five times, including Arthur Johnson at Surat Thani Province Stadium, Surat Thani province, southern Thailand and a split decision win over Jose Luis Zepeda in May 1994 in Ratchaburi province. After the bout, Zepada made a request to the IBF asking for a rematch, because Zepada did not accept the decision. IBF has ordered them to rematch. But Sitbangprachan finally retired on November 25 of the same year by holding a press conference at the Parliament House. Sitbangprachan retiring undefeated at 24-0.

Comeback
Sitbangprachan returned to boxing in 1996 and fought and won one bout. He then returned in 2000 and fought and won two bouts before retiring for good. He is one of a select group of boxing world champions who were never defeated in their professional career.

Retirement
After retirement he traveled to a boxing trainer at the Ioka Boxing Gym in Osaka, Japan.

Professional boxing record

Muay Thai record

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1990-09- || Win ||align=left| Rerkchai Singkongpan || Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || KO || 1 ||

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1990-09- || Win ||align=left| Pairot Wor.Wolapon || Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || KO || 3 ||

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1990-08-18 || Win ||align=left| Dawden Sor.Sakkasem || Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || KO (Punches)|| 1 ||

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1990-07- || Win ||align=left| Kahewa Chor.Rachachat || Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || KO || 2 ||

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1990-05-21 || Loss ||align=left| Pairot Wor.Wolapon || Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1990-01-05 || Loss ||align=left| Makhamlek Sit Khunwaen ||  Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1989-09-19 || Loss ||align=left| Thanongchai Charoenmuang ||  Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1989-07-25 || Loss ||align=left| Paruhatnoi Sitchunthong ||  Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1989-06-13 || Win ||align=left| Chuchod Lukprabat || Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || TKO || 1||

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1989-03-28 || Loss ||align=left| Kuekrit Sor.Nayaiam ||  Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1988-12- || Win ||align=left| Songchainoi Por.Somjit Air || Omnoi Stadium ||  Samut Sakhon, Thailand  || TKO || 2||

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1988-12-02 || Win ||align=left| Samranthong Chuchokchai ||  Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || KO || 2||

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1988-11-03 || Loss ||align=left| Makhamlek Sit Khunwaen ||  Rajadamnern Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 1988-05-03 || Loss ||align=left| Pongsiri Por Ruamrudee ||   Lumpinee Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1988-01-28 || Win ||align=left| Petchnamkhang Chatphol191 ||Rajadamnern Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || KO (Punch) || 2||

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 1987-12-25 || Win ||align=left| Petchdam Sitsei ||Rajadamnern Stadium ||  Bangkok, Thailand  || KO (Punch) || 1||

|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

References

External links

1966 births
Pichit Sitbangprachan
Flyweight boxers
International Boxing Federation champions
Living people
World flyweight boxing champions
World boxing champions
Undefeated world boxing champions
Pichit Sitbangprachan
Pichit Sitbangprachan
Boxing trainers
Southpaw boxers
Thai expatriate sportspeople in Japan


Vanya Sokolova resp. Vania Sokolova () (born 22 June 1971) is a former Bulgarian volleyball player and captain of the Bulgarian national squad. She is assistant coach for the Bulgarian U20 national team.

Career
In her long career she player in Bulgaria, Romania, Germany, Austria and Italian A1 and A2 league. Among others she won the German championship with Schweriner SC and helped the team of Megius Padova to ascend from A2 to A1 as a leading player.

In 2005/06 she was best scorer of the season and was awarded best player in Italian A2.
With the national team her biggest successes were bronze at the Women's European Volleyball Championship in 2001, and at the World Championship 2002.

Playing middle blocker Sokolova changed to the opposite hitter position in Italy. Though being a variable attacker Sokolova is also strong in defence. As a middle blocker she was not replaced by a libero in the back row in Bulgarian national team.

Sokolova played her last seasons for Apollon LIMASSOL in Cyprus with some other former Bulgarian national players participating on international level in the CEV Challenge Cup. She retired in 2012.

References

External links
http://www.legavolleyfemminile.it/DettaglioAtleta.asp?IdAtleta=SOK-VAN-71

Bulgarian women's volleyball players
1971 births
Living people
Middle blockers
Opposite hitters
Expatriate volleyball players in Romania
Expatriate volleyball players in Germany
Expatriate volleyball players in Austria
Expatriate volleyball players in Italy
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Italy


A hidden object game, also called hidden picture or hidden object puzzle adventure (HOPA), is a puzzle video game genre in which the player must find items from a list that are hidden within a scene. Hidden object games are a popular trend in casual gaming. Time-limited trial versions of these games are usually available for download, although many are free to download on app stores. Popular themes include detective crime stories, adventure, gothic romance and mystery.

Definition
In a hidden object game, the player wanders from one place to another to discover objects that allow the player to finish the game. The player adds objects to their inventory. A hidden object puzzle within the game provides more objects or clues that will assist the playing in completing the game.

Hidden objects generally tend to feature:
 Courageous, adventurous female protagonists
 Characters who need to be rescued from something and have relations to the main protagonist
 Fantasy themes with supernatural elements and themes of romantic horror
 Visuals of hand-painted 2D art that can be playable even on weak personal computers

History
Hidden object games originated in print publications such as the I Spy books or a regular feature in Highlights for Children, in which the reader was given a list of objects to find hidden in a cluttered illustration or photograph. An early hidden object game was Mother Goose: Hidden Pictures, released for the CD-i in 1991. Other early incarnations are the video game adaptations of the I Spy books published by Scholastic Corporation since 1997.

Mystery Case Files: Huntsville, released by Big Fish Games in 2005, came at the rise of casual gaming in the mid-2000s. Mystery Case Files: Huntsville established many of the principles in both game play and narrative that would be predominant in hidden object games since then.

More recently within indie games, new takes on the hidden object genre have changed the approach these take. For example, Hidden Folks is considered more of a searching game, as to find one character among hundreds on the screen that look similar to each other, similar to Where's Wally.

Popularity
Huntsville broke prior sales of casual games, and the series' third iteration Mystery Case Files: Ravenhearst was the third best-selling game on personal computers during the end-of-year sales period of 2007. This motivated gaming companies to expend in this sort of storytelling that focuses on still puzzles with little animation.

Hidden object games draw players who were fans of games like Myst, and player demographics skew toward women who are over 55 years of age . In 2021, Big Fish Games' player base was 85% female, 76% of whom were over the age of 55.

See also
 Hidden picture book

References

Video game genres


The Stand-off at the Ford of Arkaig occurred in September 1665 at Achnacarry, about  northeast of Fort William, Scotland. The Chattan Confederation led by the Clan Mackintosh assembled an army to challenge Clan Cameron in a 360-year-old dispute over the lands around Loch Arkaig. After a week of stalemate, the long-running feud was ended by a deal in which the Camerons bought the land from the Mackintoshes.

Background

14th century
The Camerons and Mackintoshes had disputed the ownership of lands around Loch Arkaig and in Glen Loy to the south since the beginning of the 14th century. According to Mackintosh tradition, before 1291 the land had belonged to Dougal Dall MacGilleCattan, chief of the ancient Clan Chattan. In that year, his daughter Eva married Angus Mackintosh, 6th chief of Clan Mackintosh, uniting the two clans in the Chattan Confederation. Angus and Eva lived in Glen Loy for a few years before Angus had to flee from the Lord of Islay, into exile in Badenoch. The Camerons then occupied the lands, provoking about 360 years of feuding over the area. The clans fought their first battle, the Battle of Drumlui, in either 1330 or 1337. William Mackintosh, the son of Angus and Eva, had his right to the lands confirmed by charters from John of Islay, Lord of the Isles in 1337 and from King David II in February 1359. These charters and the marriage formed the basis of the Mackintosh claim on the lands, even though they were occupied by the Camerons for many years.

1660s
Lachlan Mackintosh of Torcastle became chief of Clan Mackintosh in 1660, and immediately pursued his clan's ancient claim to the land. In 1661 he obtained a decree from Parliament assigning the lands to him, whilst Ewen Cameron of Lochiel was at Court pushing his claims to Ardnamurchan and the area around Loch Sunnart on the West Coast. In a letter dated 7 June 1661 the Lord Chancellor of Scotland, Lord Glencairn, wrote from London to the "Lord President and Lords of Session" in Edinburgh telling them to freeze Mackintosh's action until they heard again from the King, as he had a scheme to resolve the problem and reward Cameron for his loyalty (Glencairn and Cameron had played large parts in the Royalist rising of 1651 to 1654). No more was heard from the Court, so in July 1662 Mackintosh obtained a Decree of Removal against the Camerons in the area. Cameron sought an audience with the King, pointing out that the Camerons would not leave their ancient lands peaceably. The King was unwilling to interfere directly in the affairs of Parliament, so a letter was written on his behalf to the Earl of Middleton, another veteran of the uprising and now Lord High Commissioner to the Scottish parliament. This letter, dated 30 May 1662, urged Middleton to find a peaceful resolution. Meanwhile, a warrant had been issued for Cameron's arrest, but he persuaded the Privy Council to defer it for a few weeks, allowing him to return home to Lochaber.

Later that summer Mackintosh petitioned for a Commission of fire and sword against Cameron, unsuccessfully at first but in 1663 he had the whole of Clan Cameron declared outlaws. The commission against Cameron authorised various noblemen to implement it, but when approached by Mackintosh, they all told him to accept the financial compensation that had already been offered to him by Cameron. So Mackintosh decided to take matters into his own hands and having failed to induce his neighbours to join him, resorted to bribery to get them on his side. Meanwhile, in January 1665, the Duke of Rothes, Lord Chancellor of Scotland, ordered the Commission of Fire and Sword into abeyance until the Privy Council had decided what to do.

Both Cameron and Mackintosh appeared before the Privy Council and agreed to be bound by its decision. Initially the Council told them to agree a sum of compensation between themselves, but when this proved impossible, the Council ordered Cameron to pay Mackintosh 72,000 merks (about £3600 in English money of the time). Mackintosh tried to leave Edinburgh in secret, but was arrested and bound to keep the peace. However, as soon as he got home, he called on the Chattan Confederation to launch an expedition into Lochaber. Some of his friends tried to dissuade him, but Mackintosh ignored them and led 1500 men to the south end of Loch Lochy. Cameron assembled a force from his own clan joined by MacGregor men, a clan that had served Glencairn in 1653-4, and a small party of MacIans of Glencoe. They numbered 300 bowmen, plus 900 men armed with guns, broadswords and targe shields. They then marched for Cameron's home at Achnacarry, which is in a strategic position on the south bank of the River Arkaig, on the isthmus between Loch Arkaig and Loch Lochy.

Stand-off

On 16 September 1665, Mackintosh marched through the wood of Glastermore to Clunes before taking up position in what is now known as Caig Parks north of the River Arkaig. Cameron's men withdrew across the river to Achnacarry, securing the only ford on the river. For two days the armies faced each other across the river. Having no boats, Mackintosh started to move his force up the side of Loch Arkaig, getting as far as Achnasaul. Cameron entrenched 50 men at the ford, and then moved the rest of his force west to face Mackintosh across the loch.

Meanwhile, the Earl of Argyll had sent 300 Campbells under John Campbell of Glen Orchy, later Earl of Breadalbane, with orders to end the dispute with force if necessary. He started negotiations with Mackintosh, who retreated east a little, setting camp opposite the island of Eilean Loch Airceig, but no agreement was found that day. On the 19th, a settlement was agreed by friends of the two parties, but Mackintosh refused to accept the terms, even when his men refused to fight for him. Mackintosh and his army marched back to Clunes. On the morning of the third day, he agreed to a deal in which he sold the land to the Camerons for 72,500 merks, and his friends paid the extra money he wanted themselves.

Meanwhile, Campbell had encountered a party of men under Cameron of Erracht, whom Cameron had sent across the loch by boat the night before. Cameron had started on a  march with the rest of his men to the western end of Loch Arkaig and back down the north bank, to surprise the Mackintosh army from the west. En route Cameron met Campbell, who told him of Mackintosh's agreement. Cameron wanted to continue his march until Campbell threatened to join his men with the Mackintosh army and set all the forces of the Earl of Argyll against the Camerons.

Aftermath
On the 20 September 1665, Cameron crossed the river to meet with his former enemy at the House of Clunes and to sign a contract for the sale of Loch Arkaig and Glen Loy, with Cameron and six friends paying in three instalments over two years. Along with 24 of their leading clansmen, the two chiefs saluted each other, drank together, and exchanged swords to mark the end of the feud. That afternoon Mackintosh marched in good order north from Clunes to Laggan.

Tradition had it that in more than three centuries, "a Mackintosh and a Cameron had never even spoken together", which of course ignored alliances such as that at the Battle of Inverlochy (1431). The Camerons considered it something of a Pyrrhic victory, as the pursuit of their claim to Arkaig and Glen Loy over the years had cost them lands worth four times as much. Cameron had problems raising the money, and was offered a loan by the Earl of Atholl in an attempt to curb the power of Argyll, but Argyll offered a similar loan at lower interest. However, there were strings attached, Cameron had to pay £100 Scots in feu-duty and to acknowledge Argyll as superior of the lands. The Camerons were still paying rent to Argyll's factor in 1749.

See also
 Achnacarry Castle - the Cameron home, built ten years before the Stand-off
 Battle of Drumlui - the first battle between the clans

Notes and references

Bibliography

Clan Mackintosh
Clan Cameron
Clan Campbell battles
1665 in Scotland
History of the Scottish Highlands
17th-century Scottish clan battles
Lochaber
Conflicts in 1665


2008–09 Hong Kong Second Division League is the 95th season of a football league in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Second Division League.

Changes from last season

From Second Division
Promoted to First Division
 Mutual
Relegated to Third Division
 Lucky Mile
 New Fair Kuitan

To Second Division
Relegated from First Division
 Bulova Rangers (renamed as Rangers)
Promoted from Third Division League
 Shatin
 Wing Yee

Name changing
 Bulova Rangers renamed as Rangers
 EU Tai Chung renamed as Advance Tai Chung

League table

Results

Top scorers

Only players scored ≥8 is shown.

Notes

Hong Kong Second Division League seasons
Hong
2


SC1 or SC-1 may refer to:
South Carolina's 1st congressional district
, a United States Navy submarine chaser commissioned in 1917 and sold in 1921
 SC-01 speech synthesizer by Votrax
 SC01, a FIPS 10-4 region code, see List of FIPS region codes (S–U)
 SC-01, a subdivision code for the Seychelles, see ISO 3166-2:SC

Video games
 The first title in the StarCraft series.
 The first title in the SimCity series
 The first title in the Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell series

Aircraft
Signal Corps Dirigible No. 1 A 1908 Dirigible built by Thomas Scott Baldwin
Curtiss SC-1 Seahawk, a version of the American Curtiss SC Seahawk seaplane
Martin SC-1, a version of the American Curtiss CS reconnaissance and torpedo bomber aircraft
Short SC.1, the first British fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft
Southern Cross Aviation SC-1, an Australian civil aircraft


Maiacetus ("mother whale") is a genus of early middle Eocene (c. 47.5 mya) cetacean from the Habib Rahi Formation of Pakistan.

Paleobiology

The genus contains a single species, Maiacetus inuus, first described in 2009 on the basis of two specimens, including a specimen which has been interpreted as a pregnant female and its fetus. This represents the first description of a fetal skeleton of an archaeocete. The position of the fetus (head-first) suggests that the animal gave birth on land. Modern whales generally give birth tail first, while  land mammals give birth head first. That the Maiacetus should give birth on land is not so implausible because this whale is semiaquatic or amphibious. Maiacetus represents the transition of land mammals back to the oceans where these animals were living on the land-sea interface and going back and forth.

However, Hans Thewissen, discoverer of Ambulocetus, has questioned these conclusions, suggesting that the smaller skeleton could be a partially digested meal. Even if the small skeleton is a fetus, Thewissen writes that it may not have been preserved in its normal in-vivo position.  Authors pointed out in the original article, however, that the fetal skull has no tooth marks.

The hip bones were strong, suggesting that Maiacetus was able to walk on land; however, the short legs and flat digits would've made walking difficult. Looking at the flattened finger and toe bones, scientists have come to the conclusion that Maiacetus had webbed feet and was most likely amphibious. The teeth of the preserved fossils show similarity to the teeth of Basilosaurus, another genus of prehistoric cetaceans. The incisors are cone-like, linking Maiacetus to modern toothed whales and other extinct cetaceans. The middle ear bones are also similar to those of Basilosaurus and modern whales.

This species is medium-sized with a skeleton  in length and an estimated weight of . Males are slightly larger than females; of the two adult skeletons found, the one interpreted as male was about 12% larger than the one interpreted as female.

See also

 Evolution of cetaceans

References

Protocetidae
Fossil taxa described in 2009
Prehistoric cetacean genera
Extinct mammals of Asia


Schwebebahn is German for suspension railway and may refer to the following examples in Germany:

 Schwebebahn Dresden, the Dresden Suspension Railway in Dresden, Saxony
 Schwebebahn Wuppertal, the Wuppertal Suspension Railway in Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia


An invention disclosure, or invention disclosure report, is a confidential document written by a scientist or engineer for use by a company's patent department, or by an external patent attorney, to determine whether patent protection should be sought for the described invention. It may follow a standardized form established within a company.

See also
 Inventor's notebook
 Lab notebook
 Electronic lab notebook
 Laboratory information management system
 LEDES invention disclosure data format
 Scientific management

References

Scientific documents
Research


SC-5, SC5, SC 5 or variants, may refer to:

 SC05, an FIPS 10-4 region code
 SC-05, a subdivision code for Anse Royale, Seychelles, see ISO 3166-2:SC
 South Carolina's 5th congressional district
 South Carolina Highway 5
 USS Cuttlefish (SC-5)
 SpaceX Crew-5

Video games
 Soulcalibur V
 Space Channel 5

See also
 Strathcarron SC-5A


SC8, SC.8, SC 8, SC-8 or variants may refer to:

 SC-08, South Carolina's 8th congressional district
 SC 8, South Carolina Highway 8
 SC08, a FIPS 10-4 region code, see List of FIPS region codes (S–U)
 SC-08, a subdivision code for the Seychelles, see ISO 3166-2:SC
 asteroids:
 (96300) 1996 SC8 (SC8 of 1996)
 1989 SC8 (SC8 of 1989), see 22294 Simmons
 1982 SC8 (SC8 of 1982), see 12219 Grigorʹev
 Shorts S.C.8


SC-9, or variants, may refer to:

 (181711) 1993 SC9 (SC9 of 1993), an asteroid
 SC09, a FIPS 10-4 region code
 SC-09, a subdivision code for the Seychelles, see ISO 3166-2:SC
 Shorts S.C.9, a variation of the English Electric Canberra bomber
 South Carolina Highway 9
 South Carolina's 9th congressional district
 Southern Cross Nine, an Australian television network
 Spooks: Code 9, a British television series


Dark universe may refer to:

Science
 Portion of the universe not directly observable, including dark energy and dark matter
 Dark Universe Observatory (DUO), a planned NASA space telescope
 Dark Universe Explorer (DUNE), an ESA space telescope

Entertainment
 Dark Universe (novel), a 1961 science fiction novel by Daniel F. Galouye
 Dark Universe (film), a 1993 science-fiction film directed by Steve Latshaw
 The Dark Universe (film), a planned DC Comics comic book film based on Justice League Dark
 Dark Universe, Universal's cancelled cinematic universe featuring their catalogue of horror characters, starting with The Mummy

See also

 Hidden sector (physics) of the universe; the dark universe
 Heat death of the universe, when the universe goes dark in the future
 Dark Ages (cosmology), before the universe lit up in the past
 Universe (disambiguation)
 Dark (disambiguation)
 Hidden universe (disambiguation)


Def Dames Dope (DDD) was a girl group from Belgium during the 1990s, most successful from 1993 to 1996. They released one more single in 2002.

The group was initially made up of the two sisters Larissa and Axana Ceulemans together with Yousra Lemaire (nicknamed TRS). Larissa married Berre Bergen (who played bass guitar with the Belgian band De Kreuners), and left the group. Ingrid Gerits (nicknamed H2O) and Edith Verlinden (nicknamed Tabasco) joined Def Dames Dope. Axana (nicknamed Snake) composed many of the lyrics and music, and the group was a project of techno producers Phil Wilde and Jean-Paul De Coster (better known for his project 2 Unlimited).

In the summer of 1993, the group held the number one position of the Belgium charts for 11 weeks and won the summer hit award from radio station Radio 2 with their song "Ain't Nothing To It". One of their notable lyrics included "Hey you, don't be silly, put a condom on your willy" from a 1994 single which made number 9 in the charts. Their first album sold gold.

In South Africa, the band was the opening act for a tour of La Toya Jackson. They made the charts in the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, France, Canada (three number one hits) and Israel.

Discography

Albums
It's a Girl (1993)
Wicked & Wild (1995)

Singles
It's OK, All Right (1993)
Ain't Nothing To It (1993)
Having a Good Time (1993)
Digging In The Nose (?)
Out Of My Mind (1994)
Don't Be Silly (1994)
Show Me What You Got (1995)
Feel Free (1995)
Join The Party (1996)
Beep Beep (2002)

References
Def Dames Dope from Discogs.com .
Def Dames Dope from Ultratop.
Def Dames Dope biography from The Eurodance Encyclopaedia.
Def Dames Dope from Showbizsite.be .

Belgian pop music groups


The Central Midland Railway , a division of Progressive Rail Incorporated of Lakeville, Minnesota, was a short line railroad in the U.S. state of Missouri, operating under lease of the former St. Louis Subdivision of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. CMR operated the easternmost 60 miles (97 km) of the 298-mile (480-km) Rock Island line which used to stretch from St. Louis to Kansas City, Missouri. CMR's operation of the line was performed under two separate leases from the Union Pacific Railroad and the A&K Railroad Materials Corp, respectively, from Overland, Missouri - a suburb of St. Louis, to a location just west of Union, Missouri. CMR's first leased-segment was Union Pacific's "Lackland Subdivision" which extends from "Rock Island Junction" near the intersection of Page Avenue and I-170 in Overland to a location on the north-side of Creve Coeur Lake in Maryland Heights, Missouri, known as "Vigus." The second leased-segment was owned by A&K Railroad Materials and extends from Vigus to just east of Beaufort, Missouri, with active service terminating at Union.

History
The Central Midland was made up of trackage from the former 18th and 19th subdivisions of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (CRIP). The line was opened in 1904, and cut across the northern Ozark Mountains from St. Louis to Kansas City, Missouri. The entire route was 298 miles (480 km) long, and featured several large bridges, as well as four tunnels.

On March 31, 1980, the Rock Island ceased all operations as a condition of its bankruptcy, and the line was passed into the hands of the Kansas City Terminal Railroad. Soon after, the line was sold as part of a package deal which included the Kansas City to Tucumcari, New Mexico, "Golden State Route" to the St. Louis Southwestern Railway (SSW). SSW originally had plans to rehabilitate the Rock Island across Missouri as a part of its purchase. However, due to years of deferred maintenance by its previous owner, bringing the line up to modern class 1 mainline standards was deemed uneconomical by the SSW. Instead, the company acquired trackage rights to operate its trains over Missouri Pacific Railroad's (now Union Pacific) parallel St. Louis to Kansas City mainline.

SSW never ran a single through-train across Missouri since it acquired the line in 1980, and kept the far eastern segment between Overland, Missouri, to Owensville, Missouri open to local train service only. After the 1993 flood, reopening the line all the way to Kansas City was a possibility SSW briefly looked into, but was quickly decided against given the deteriorated condition of the line and its related infrastructure, combined with the fact that many of the original on-line customers had either closed, moved, or converted to semi-truck for deliveries. From 1993 to 1995, on-line traffic between Owensville and Union declined significantly, and by December 1995, SSW cut train service back further east to Union. SSW then quickly filed a request with the Interstate Commerce Commission (now the Surface Transportation Board) to abandon the route west of Union. However, a lawsuit filed by the "Save The Rock Island Committee" (or "STRICT") resulted in denial of the application, and the rails remained.

In 1996, SSW, which was a subsidiary of the Southern Pacific Railroad, officially merged into the Union Pacific Railroad. The entire St. Louis to Kansas City line was now entirely owned and retained by the Union Pacific. To regulate the route's competitive impact on UP's parallel ex-Missouri Pacific St. Louis to Kansas City main line, UP retained ownership of the extreme east and west ends of the Rock Island; specifically, from "Rock Island Junction" in Overland, Missouri, to "Vigus" in St. Louis County on the east, and between Pleasant Hill and Kansas City on the west. UP then sold the remainder of the line to Ameren, which formed a subsidiary for its railroad known as the "Missouri Central."

Union Pacific leased the operation of its eastern 9 miles (14 km), known as the "Lackland Subdivision" to the CMR from Overland to Vigus.  From Vigus on west to Union, A&K Railroad Materials (who purchased the line from Ameren (but not the right-of-way)), leased the operation of Ameren's Missouri Central subsidiary to CMR. Union receives rail service on an as-needed basis. From Beaufort west to Leed's Jct. in Kansas City, the rails have been completely removed. In 2019 Ameren donated and the State of Missouri accepted it to be used as the Rock Island State Park Rail trail.

On March 1, 2022 the CMR officially ceased operations and was taken over by successor Missouri Eastern Railroad, which is a subsidiary to Jaguar Transport Holdings, LLC.

Today
Since Progressive Rail chose not to pursue the purchase of the line from either Ameren or A&K, the line was sold in November of 2021 to Jaguar Transport Holdings, LLC and will be operated as "Missouri Eastern Railroad".

References

Missouri railroads


Adhiparasakthi Charitable, Medical, Educational and Cultural Trust is a charitable organization in Tamil Nadu, India.  It was founded in 1978 in Melmaruvathur by Bangaru Adigalar; it funds colleges and a hospital.

References

Tamil society
Charities based in India
Organizations established in 1978
1978 establishments in Tamil Nadu


Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift () was a Norwegian periodical, in existence during the German occupation of Norway.

It was published on a monthly basis from 1942 by the Norwegian-German cultural society Norsk-Tysk Selskap. It was stopped after the liberation of Norway 1945, when Norsk-Tysk Selskap was disestablished.

References

1942 establishments in Norway
1945 disestablishments in Norway
Defunct newspapers published in Norway
Nazi newspapers
Newspapers established in 1942
Publications disestablished in 1945
Monthly newspapers


Aaron Mark Taylor is an English professional football striker. He currently plays for Bamber Bridge F.C. having previously been at Morecambe.

Taylor was signed from the academy and made his debut as a sub in Morecambe's 2–2 draw with Chesterfield. He made his full debut against Rochdale on 18 October 2008 and marked his full debut with a goal. He regularly featured in Sammy McIlroys side.

He then went on to start the FA Cup game against Grimsby in the 1st round. He scored twice and was named man of the match to continue fulfilling his shown potential. He joined Barrow on a five-week loan at the start of the 2009/10 season before returning to Morecambe. He was released by Morecambe in May 2010.

He signed for Kendal Town, before switching to Witton Albion on 22 October 2010.

He quickly moved back to Lancashire to join Bamber Bridge on 26 November 2010.
Aaron has also played for England youth.

References

External links
Aaron Taylor profile at Morecambe F.C.

Living people
English men's footballers
Morecambe F.C. players
Barrow A.F.C. players
1990 births
Kendal Town F.C. players
Witton Albion F.C. players
Bamber Bridge F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
Sportspeople from Morecambe
Footballers from Lancashire


Brain Quest 3 & 4 is an Educational Puzzle video game released for Nintendo DS in North America on September 22, 2008. The game was developed by Planet Moon Studios, and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released at the same time as Brain Quest Grades 5 & 6. Staying true to the curriculum-based card deck series Brain Quest.

Gameplay
The player plays as an unnamed character, who has young children quiz him trivia questions in multiple categories; such as English, Science, Mathematics, history, geography and a mixed mode, where all categories are combined into one quiz.

There are multiple formats of question that the player has to answer in. The player is given Multiple choice questions, sorting questions and dot connection question. Answering questions correctly gives you points, with the highest score possible for one round being 5000 points. One round has a total of 5 questions. Getting points allows the player to unlock rewards.

Reception

Brain Quest Grades 3 & 4 received mixed to positive reviews upon release.

References

2008 video games
Electronic Arts games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Planet Moon Studios games
Puzzle video games
Video games based on works
Video games developed in the United States


Peter Opiyo Odhiambo (born 20 October 1966), known as Peter Odhiambo, is a retired boxer from Kenya, who competed for his native country in the Men's Light Heavyweight (– 81 kg) at the 1996 Summer Olympics. One year earlier, he captured the gold medal in his weight division at the 1995 All-Africa Games in Harare, Zimbabwe. Odhiambo is nicknamed "Dynamite".

References

External links

1966 births
Living people
Kenyan male boxers
Light-heavyweight boxers
Olympic boxers for Kenya
Boxers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Kenya
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Boxers at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
African Games gold medalists for Kenya
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 1995 All-Africa Games
People from Nyeri County
Sportspeople from Central Province (Kenya)
Medallists at the 1994 Commonwealth Games


Samuel Sarfati (died 1519), known as Gallo, was a prominent Italian physician and leader of the Jewish community in Rome.

Family
Samuel Sarfati was the father of Joseph Sarfati (d. 1527), personal physician and medical adviser to Pope Clement VII, and a poet in Hebrew.

Activities in Rome

Status and privileges
Originally from Provence, Sarfati moved to Rome in 1498. After settling in Rome, Pope Alexander VI extended privileges on him such as permission to treat Christian patients and permission to not wear the special distinguishing Jewish badge that Jews were required to wear. He was a community leader, and represented the Jewish community at the coronation of Pope Julius II in 1503.

Physician to the pope
In 1504, Sarfati became the Pontifical Archiater during the reign of Pope Julius II. In August 1511, according to Erasmus, Sarfati successfully treated a "serious illness" of Pope Julius II, which some historians theorize might have been syphilis.

Other notable patients
In 1515, Sarfati became the physician of Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici.

References

16th-century Italian physicians
16th-century Jewish physicians
Medieval Jewish physicians
Physicians from Florence
People from Provence
Provençal Jews
Physicians from Rome
1519 deaths
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Italian Jews