Mary Beatrice Rundle  (10 August 190729 September 2010) was the first officer in charge of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) at Portsmouth during World War II. At the end of the war, she was promoted to superintendent, the third highest post in the service. She was born at Highfield, Southampton, the younger daughter of engineer rear admiral Mark Rundle. She was educated at Sheffield High School for Girls, where she won an open scholarship to study at Harrogate Ladies' College. In the 1930s, she was employed as Sir Anderson Montague-Barlow's personal secretary.

As World War II approached, Rundle was commissioned into the WRNS and undertook officer training at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. In 1940, she was appointed first officer at Portsmouth. She later served at HMS Calliope, then a training centre for the Royal Naval Reserve, located in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, and HMS Daedalus, a shore airfield, located near Lee-on-the-Solent in Hampshire. At the end of the war, Rundle joined the staff of the WRNS directorate and put in place plans to establish the WRNS as a permanent peacetime service. She was promoted to superintendent, equivalent to a commander in the Royal Navy, and second only in seniority to the then director. In 1948, she was awarded a CBE in the King's Birthday Honours.

Rundle was a founding trustee of the WRNS Benevolent Trust, and was elected vicechair of the trust from 1947 to 1950, and chair from 1950 to 1958. In 1949, she left the WRNS after being appointed deputy director of Encyclopædia Britannica Films in the United Kingdom. After 1951, she joined Metal Box Company Limited, a large can and packaging manufacturer, as secretary to the managing director. In the early 1960s, she retired and moved to a cottage in Outgate, a hamlet near Hawkshead, in the Lake District, Cumbria. In retirement, she indexed the naval histories written by her cousin Geoffrey Bennett. In 2007, a party was held at her home to mark her hundredth birthday. She died in a hospital from the effects of a stroke.

Early life and education
Rundle was born on 10August 1907 at Sherwood, Highfield, Southampton, the younger daughter of Mark Rundle and Elsie Cameron, . They had married on 28March 1901 at the Elm Grove Baptist Church, Southsea, Portsmouth. Rundle's mother was the only daughter of engineer rear admiral James Martin Cameron Bennett. She was a justice of the peace for Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, and a member of the Church of England's Advisory Council for Moral Welfare Work. Rundle's father was raised in Saltash, Cornwall, the eldest child of John Peter Rundle and Mary, néeSnell. His brother was the medical superintendent at Aintree University Hospital, in Fazakerley, Liverpool, and his sister, Mary Snell Rundle, was the first ever secretary of the Royal College of Nursing.

Rundle's father began his Royal Navy career in 1892 as an engineer lieutenant and was promoted to engineer commander on 6July 1909. He served on HMS Lion during World War I and was mentioned in dispatches. He received the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his conduct in the Battle of Jutland, and in 1918, he was awarded the  of the Legion of Honour. At the end of the war, he was in charge of steel production for the Admiralty at Sheffield, South Yorkshire. By 1923, he had been promoted to engineer captain, and in June of that year, he joined Battlecruiser Squadron as engineer officer. In 1925, he was promoted to engineer rear admiral.

Rundle was educated at Sheffield High School for Girls, where in February 1920, she passed the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music piano examination. In the same year, she won an open scholarship from the Sheffield Education Committee to study at Harrogate Ladies' College. At the college, she acted in a number of plays and, moreover, music and the theatre would remain an interest throughout her life. In 1923, she passed the London General School Examination. Her elder sister, Nancy Marguerite, was also educated at Harrogate Ladies' College, and afterwards, at Bedford College for Women, London. She married Robert Arthur Balfour, 2nd Baron Riverdale of Sheffield, on 1September 1926 at Highfield Church, Southampton. However, she died after a short illness on 8August 1928, aged 24, at Ropes, Fernhurst, the home of her fatherinlaw, Sir Arthur Balfour.

Career

By September 1932, Rundle was employed as personal secretary to Sir Anderson Montague-Barlow, a former Minister of Labour, and best known for chairing the Barlow Royal Commission on the urban concentration of population and industry. In 1935, he was appointed chairman of the Royal Commission on the Coal Industry in Alberta, Canada, From late summer to autumn of 1935, Rundle accompanied Barlow, his wife Doris Louise, née Reed, a former administrator in the Women's Royal Air Force, and William Armour, a mining expert, on a journey across Canada Her mother had recently died on 17July 1935, however, her father insisted that she "should honour [her] undertaking and go to Canada." She kept a running diary of the entire trip that she later donated to the Provincial Archives of Alberta.

As World War II approached, she was commissioned into the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) and undertook officer training at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. On 26August 1939, she was appointed a first officer in the WRNS at Portsmouth, under the command of Sir William James. She also served at HMS Calliope, then a training centre for the Royal Naval Reserve, located in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, and HMS Daedalus, a shore airfield, located near Lee-on-the-Solent in Hampshire, for a number of naval air squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm.

At the end of the war, Rundle joined the staff of the WRNS directorate and put in place plans to establish the WRNS as a permanent peacetime service. She was promoted to superintendent, equivalent to a commander in the Royal Navy, and second only in seniority to the then director, Jocelyn Woollcombe. In 1948, she was awarded a CBE in the King's Birthday Honours. In April 1949, Rundle left the WRNS after being appointed deputy director of Encyclopædia Britannica Films, at 211Piccadilly, London, a position that reported to John Mackay Mure, then director of the division in the United Kingdom.

The Encyclopædia Britannica Films division in the United States had a library of around four hundred educational films that they had planned to offer to the Ministry of Education in London. The films were distributed on 16 mm film and covered, amongst other subjects, geography, science, and social studies. In April 1951, the work of the UK division was transferred to Lexicon Films Limited, an Encyclopædia Britannica affiliate located at 10 StSwithin's Lane, in the City of London. Lexicon Films was wound-up on 1November 1954. After 1951, Rundle joined Metal Box Company Limited, a large can and packaging manufacturer, as secretary to the managing director. In the early 1960s, she retired and moved to a cottage in Outgate, a hamlet near Hawkshead, in the Lake District, Cumbria.

Personal life and death
Rundle never married but her father married twice after the death of her mother. He married Margaret Wilson, of Ifield, West Sussex, on 8January 1938 at All Souls', Langham Place, London. She died on 21June 1942, and he married thirdly, Mildred Ellen Robinson, on 21August 1944 at the parish church of Maresfield in the Wealden district of East Sussex. Mildred was the widow of Reginald Braham Robinson, a former civil engineer with the Ministry of Works and Public Buildings. Rundle's father died on 8October 1958, aged 86, at his home in Maresfield.

Rundle was a founding trustee of the WRNS Benevolent Trust, and was elected vicechair of the trust from 1947 to 1950, and chair from 1950 to 1958. In retirement, she indexed the naval histories written by her cousin Geoffrey Bennett, that Eric Grove, late professor of naval history at the University of Salford, has previously described as an "excellent index". She also indexed the records of the Outgate Women's Institute after they were deposited with the Cumbria Archive Service in 1990. In 2007, a party was held at her home to mark her hundredth birthday. She died from the effects of a stroke on 29September 2010, aged 103, at a hospital in Lancashire. A memorial service was held at Hawkshead parish church on 12October 2010.

See also
 Margaret Cooper
 Nancy Robertson
 Jocelyn Woollcombe

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

 See also page xvi, plate illustrations, V. The plough, (iv) Twelfthcentury wheeled plough, also with coulter and mouldboard. Note, the line drawing of the plough was first published in  See figure 14 on page 261.

Further reading

External links
 The Rundle archive at the Provincial Archives of Alberta.
 Women's Royal Naval Service officers that served in World War II.
 A photograph of Rundle's father and her maternal grandfather, James Martin Cameron Bennett, taken in September 1902, in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery.

1907 births
2010 deaths
20th-century English women
20th-century English people
British women in World War II
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English centenarians
Military personnel from Southampton
People educated at Harrogate Ladies' College
People educated at Sheffield High School, South Yorkshire
People from Hawkshead
Royal Navy officers of World War II
Secretaries
Women centenarians
Women's Royal Naval Service personnel of World War II


Ponerorchis yueana (synonym Amitostigma yueanum) is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to China, known only from Sichuan and Yunnan. It produces pink or white flowers. The epithet is also spelt "yuana".

Taxonomy
, there are discrepancies in the spelling of the specific epithet. The  World Checklist of Selected Plant Families and the International Plant Names Index spell it "yueanum", noting that the original description used the form "yüanum". The Flora of China and the authors who moved it to the genus Ponerorchis spell it "yuanum". Other sources are divided between these two spellings.

The species was first described in 1912 by Tsin Tang and Fa Tsuan Wang, as Amitostigma yueanum. A molecular phylogenetic study in 2014, in which this species was included, found that species of Amitostigma, Neottianthe and Ponerorchis were mixed together in a single clade, making none of the three genera monophyletic as then circumscribed. Amitostigma and Neottianthe were subsumed into Ponerorchis, with this species becoming Ponerorchis yueana.

References

yueana
Endemic orchids of China
Endangered plants
Orchids of Yunnan
Plants described in 1940


Koprivnik Castle (, , ) is a castle ruin above the village of Sveta Trojica, near Moravče in central Slovenia.

History

The castle was probably built in the 12th century, in order to protect the trade route from the Moravče Valley to the Lower Sava Valley. Its first recorded owner was Ulschalcus von Rabensberg, of the knights of Rabensberg (), first mentioned in 1214. The castle was abandoned in the 13th century, when the owners relocated to Krumperk Castle, and it was in ruins by the 17th century. The estate was inherited by the Hohenwarths, followed by the sisters of St. Clare from Mekinje. In the second half of the 19th century, the castle became known as Old Castle () or Freight Castle (), named after the nearby freight route from the Central Sava Valley. In 1930, the land surrounding the ruins was purchased by Senator . Remains visible today include the foundations of a defensive tower and some walls; most of the rest of the structure is covered by detritus. Much of the worked stone was recycled for the construction of nearby Holy Trinity Church.

Sources
 http://www.gradovi.jesenice.net/koprivnik.html
 Castles, Mansions and Manors in Slovenia (Didakta, January 1995, ) by Ivan Jakič (Gradovi, dvorci in graščine na Slovenskem),

References

Castles in Upper Carniola
Ruined castles in Slovenia


The 48th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 14th Flying Training Wing based at Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi. It operates T-1 Jayhawk aircraft conducting flight training.  The squadron is one of the oldest in the Air Force, being formed during World War I as the 48th Aero Squadron on 4 August 1917.

Currently the squadron specializes in the tanker and airlift track of specialized undergraduate pilot training.  Students receive at least 159 hours of flight instruction in the Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk where they learn air refueling procedures, tactical navigation, airdrop, and advanced navigation. Upon completion of this phase, students earn the aeronautical rating of pilot and receive their Air Force wings.

History

World War I
The squadron's origins date to 4 August 1917 with the formation of the 48th Aero Squadron at Kelly Field, Texas.  It was organized into the first Aero construction squadron designated for deployment to the American Expeditionary Forces in France.  After basic training at Kelly Field, the squadron was sent to the Aviation Concentration Center, Garden City, New York in mid-September 1917 for subsequent movement to France.   It embarked on the Cunard Liner SS Pannonia, suffering a stormy and unpleasant voyage across the Atlantic.  It arrived at Liverpool, England on 29 October.  After a few days in England, the squadron arrived at Rest Camp No. 2, Le Havre, France on 1 November.

The first meaningful work of the squadron was at the Third Aviation Instruction Center, Issoudun Aerodrome in Central France.  It arrived on 3 November to help construct barracks and shops from lumber.   It also erected hangars and did the necessary construction work to bring the airfield into an operational school for training pursuit (fighter) pilots. It also began work on six airfields to support the training school, building roads, putting up hangars, and installing water and electrical systems.  A detachment of the squadron was sent to the Second Aviation Instruction Center, Tours Aerodrome.  In doing this work, the squadron got the reputation of being one of the best, and fastest, all around construction squadrons in the AEF.

In May 1918, the squadron was then reassigned to the First Army Air Service, and began constructing combat airfields to support the St. Mihiel Offensive.  Throughout the year, it was moved from place to place, erecting hangars, constructing buildings and preparing airfields for use by Air Service planes.  At Parois Aerodrome in the Meuse, it constructed 12 hangars and 23 barracks, the flying field being full of former trenches and shell holes that had to be filled in.  During the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in early November, it moved to Buzancy to reconstruct a former German airfield that was littered with munitions and other hazardous materiel.   However, the war ended on 11 November before the airfield could be put to use.

After the armistice, the squadron was reassigned to the Third Army Air Service and moved to Trier Airdrome, Germany as part of the Army of Occupation.   The former German Airfield there was prepared for seven American Aero Squadrons to use, which was done in less than a week.  It then moved to Weißenthurm to construct another Aerodrome for Third Army.    It remained in the Rhineland until the summer of 1919 until it was ordered, along with the Third Army Air Service to demobilized.    After turning in all equipment at the 1st Air Depot at Colombey-les-Belles Aerodrome, the unit moved to a channel port where it boarded a troop ship, returning to the United States in August 1919.   The men of the squadron were discharged and returned to civilian life.

Inter-war period
The 48th School Squadron was activated in 1927 as part of the 11th School Group at Kelly Field, Texas.  A part of the Air Corps Primary Flying School, it trained aviation cadets using the Consolidated PT-1, with tandem seats and a Wright E engine. In 1930, the squadron was consolidated with the 462d Aero Squadron.

By the fall of 1931, construction of Randolph Field was essentially completed, and the primary flying school at Kelly Field was moved to the new installation. With the transfer of the school, the 48th School Squadron was inactivated on 31 December 1931 It was activated again at the Air Corps Technical School at Chanute Field, Illinois in August 1933.  In March 1935, the squadron became the 48th Pursuit Squadron, but it was inactivated in September 1936 and disbanded on 1 January 1938.

World War II
A new 48th Pursuit Squadron was activated in January 1941. The squadron was equipped with Lockheed P-38 Lightnings in 1941 and assigned to Hamilton Field, California.  From 5 February to 3 June 1942 it flew air defense patrols along the California coast.  Redesignated the 48th Fighter Squadron, it was deployed to the European Theater of Operations in August 1942 to fly escort missions for Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bombers as part of VIII Fighter Command.

The squadron was sent to North Africa in late 1942 as part of the Operation Torch invasion forces, taking up station in Algeria.  It was reassigned to the Twelfth Air Force and flew fighter escort missions for the Flying Fortresses operating from Algeria as well as tactical interdiction strikes on enemy targets of opportunity in Algeria and Tunisia during the North African Campaign.

Following the German defeat and withdrawal from North Africa the squadron participated in the Allied invasions of Sicily and Italy and the subsequent drive of the United States Fifth Army up the Italian peninsula. It was engaged primarily in tactical operations after November 1943, supporting ground forces and attacking enemy targets of opportunity such as railroads, road convoys, bridges, strafing enemy airfields and other targets.  The squadron was deployed to Corsica in 1944 to attack enemy targets in support of the Free French Forces in the liberation of the island and to support Allied forces in the invasion of southern France. The squadron continued offensive operations until the German capitulation in May 1945. The unit was inactivated in the fall 1945 in Italy.

Cold War Air Defense

It was reactivated in 1946 as part of Air Defense Command to perform air defense of the eastern United States.  the squadron was activated at Dow Field in November 1946 with Republic P-47 Thunderbolts. In October 1947 a transition into Republic P-84B Thunderjets was completed. These were flown until the unit was temporarily inactivated on 2 October 1949.

The squadron was redesignated the 48th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and reactivated in November 1952 at Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire, with F-47 Thunderbolts, replacing the New Hampshire Air National Guard's 133d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was released from federal control. A relocation to Langley Air Force Base was completed in early 1953 along with a transition into F-84Gs and then Lockheed F-94C Starfires in the fall of 1953. In the summer of 1957 the squadron completed a transition into Convair F-102A Delta Daggers followed by another in the fall of 1960 to Convair F-106 Delta Darts. It deployed to Florida in 1962 during Cuban Missile Crisis.

The 48th flew McDonnell Douglas F-15A Eagles from 1982 to 1991, when many of the F-15 were transferred to the Missouri and Hawaii Air National Guard, and 3 or 4 going to Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center. The 48th continued training and operational exercises until inactivation in 1991.

Lineage
 462d Aero Squadron
 Organized as the 48th Aero Squadron on 4 August 1917
 Redesignated 435th Aero Squadron on 1 February 1918
 Redesignated 462d Aero Squadron (Construction) on 3 March 1918
 Demobilized on 11 August 1919
 Reconstituted and consolidated with the 48th School Squadron in 1930

 48th Pursuit Squadron
 Constituted as the 48th School Squadron on 6 February 1923
 Activated on 1 August 1927
 Consolidated with the 462d Aero Squadron in 1930
 Inactivated on 1 September 1931
 Activated on 1 August 1933
 Redesignated 48th Pursuit Squadron on 1 March 1935
 Inactivated on 1 September 1936
 Disbanded on 1 January 1938
 Reconstitured and consolidated with the 48th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron in 1956

 48th Flying Training Squadron
 Constituted as the 48th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) on 20 November 1940
 Activated on 15 January 1941
 Redesignated 48th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) on 15 May 1942
 Redesignated 48th Fighter Squadron, Two Engine on 28 February 1944
 Inactivated on 9 September 1945
 Redesignated 48th Fighter Squadron, Jet-Propelled and activated on 20 November 1946
 Redesignated 48th Fighter Squadron, Jet on 26 July 1948
 Inactivated on 2 October 1949
 Redesignated 48th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 11 September 1952
 Activated on 1 November 1952
 Consolidated with the 48th Pursuit Squadron in 1956
 Inactivated on 31 December 1991
 Redesignated 48th Flying Training Squadron on 25 April 1996
 Activated on 1 July 1996

Assignments

 Unknown, 4 August 1917
 Third Aviation Instruction Center, November 1917 (detachment with Second Aviation Instruction Center, December 1917 – April 1918)
 Advance Section, Service of Supply, April 1918
 First Army Air Service, August 1918
 Third Army Air Service, November 1918 – June 1919
 Unknown, until 11 August 1919
 10th School Group, 1 August 1927
 24th School Wing, 15 July–1 September 1931
 Air Corps Technical School, 1 August 1933
 3d Wing, 1 March 1935 – 1 September 1936 (attached to Air Corps Technical School)
 14th Pursuit Group (later 14th Fighter Group), 15 January 1941 – 9 September 1945
 14th Fighter Group, 20 November 1946 – 2 October 1949

 4707th Defense Wing, 1 November 1952
 4710th Defense Wing (later 4710th Air Defense Wing), 14 January 1953
 85th Air Division, 1 March 1956
 Washington Air Defense Sector, 1 September 1958
 33d Air Division, 1 April 1966
 20th Air Division, 19 November 1969
 23d Air Division, 1 March 1983
 First Air Force, 1 July 1987
 Southeast Air Defense Sector, 1 December 1987 – 31 December 1991
 14th Operations Group , 1 July 1996 – present)

Stations

 Kelly Field, Texas, 4 August 1917
 Mineola, New York, 21 September–13 October 1917
 Issoudun Aerodrome, France, 4 November 1917 (detachment at Tours Aerodrome, France 2 December 1917 – 15 April 1918)
 Delouze Aerodrome, France, 29 April 1918
 Vaucouleurs Aerodrome, France, 20 August 1918 (detachment at Bovee)
 Bulainville (for Pretz-en-Argonne Airdrome ?), France, 17 September 1918
 Vadelaincourt, France (191 September 1918 (detachment at Foucaucourt Aerodrome)
 Lisle-en-Barrois Aerodrome, France, 21 September 1918 (detachment at Foucaucourt Aerodrome)
 Parois Aerodrome, France, 6 October 1918
 Buzancy Aerodrome, France, 6 November 1918)
 Mercy-le-Haut, France, 20 November 1918
 Trier Aerodrome, Germany, c. 2 December 1918
 Weißenthurm, Germany, c. January 1919 – 1919
Mitchel Field, New York, c. 29 July–11 August 1919
 Kelly Field, Texas, 1 August 1927 – 1 September 1931
 Chanute Field, Illinois, 1 August 1933 – 1 September 1936
 Hamilton Field, California, 15 January 1941
 March Field, California, 10 June 1941 – 20 July 1942 (operated From: San Diego, California, 5 February-3 June 1942)

 RAF Atcham, England, 18 August–28 October 1942
 Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, 11 November 1942
 Maison Blanche Airport, 16 November 1942
 Youks-les-Bains Airfield, Algeria, 20 November 1942
 Berteaux Airfield, Algeria, 5 January 1943
 Mediouna Airfield, French Morocco, 28 February 1943
 Telergma Airfield, Algeria, 6 May 1943
 El Bathan Airfield, Tunisia, 3 June 1943
 Sainte Marie du Zit Airfield, Tunisia, 25 July 1943 (operated From: Sicily, Italy 6–18 September 1943)
 Triolo Airfield, Italy, 12 December 1943
 Lesina Airfield, Italy, September–9 September 1945
 Dow Field (later (Dow Air Force Base), Maine, 20 November 1946 – 2 October 1949
 Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire, 1 November 1952
 Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, 14 January 1953 – 31 December 1991
 Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi, 1 July 1996– present)

Aircraft

A-3 (1935–1936)
O-1 (1935–1936)
O-19 (1935–1936)
P-12 (1935–1936)
P-26 Peashooter (1935–1936)
P-40 Warhawk (1941)
P-66 Vanguard (1941)
P-43 Lancer (1941)–

 Lockheed P-38 Lightning (1941–1945)
 Republic P-47 (later F-47) Thunderbolt]] (1946–1949, 1952)
F-84G Thunderjet (1947–1949, 1953)
F-94C Starfire (1953–1957)
F-102 Delta Dagger (1957–1960)
F-106 Delta Dart (1960–1982)
F-15 Eagle (1981–1991)
T-1 Jayhawk (1996–present)

See also

 List of American aero squadrons
 List of United States Air Force Aerospace Defense Command Interceptor Squadrons

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

External links
48th Squadron Association

Military units and formations in Mississippi
0048


Dhaukalpur Malasa is a village in Kanpur Dehat district, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Malasa is one of the two development block in Bhognipur tehsil.

Demographics
As of 2011 India census Malasa	had a population of 3605 Males constitute 52.46% of the population and females 47.54%

External links
Malasa

References

Villages in Kanpur Dehat district


Auldgirth railway station was a station which served Auldgirth, in the Scottish county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was served by trains on what is now known as the Glasgow South Western Line north of Dumfries. The latter station is now the nearest to Auldgirth.

History
Opened by the Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway, which became part of the Glasgow and South Western Railway it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923, passing on to the Scottish Region of British Railways during the nationalisation of 1948. It was then closed by British Railways.

The site today

Trains still pass the site on the Glasgow South Western Line.

References

 Station on navigable O.S. map

External links
 RAILSCOT on Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway

Disused railway stations in Dumfries and Galloway
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1952
Former Glasgow and South Western Railway stations
1849 establishments in Scotland
1952 disestablishments in Scotland


The 2007 ITU Triathlon World Cup was a series of triathlon races organised by the International Triathlon Union (ITU) for elite-level triathletes. There were fifteen races held in fourteen countries, each held over a distance of 1500 m swim, 40 km cycle, 10 km run (an Olympic-distance triathlon). Alongside a prize purse, points were awarded at each race contributing towards the overall World Cup for which an additional prize purse was awarded. The 2007 World Cup was sponsored by BG Group.

Venues, dates and prize purses

Event results

Mooloolaba

Ishigaki

Lisbon

Richards Bay

Madrid

Vancouver

Des Moines

Edmonton

Kitzbuehel

Salford

Tiszaújváros

Beijing

Rhodes

Cancún

Eilat

Overall rankings
At each race of the series points were awarded to the top 20 finishers per the table below. Double points were awarded for results achieved in the ITU Triathlon World Championship race in Hamburg, Germany on 1–2 September.

Men

Women

Medal table

Note: Rank is arranged by total number of medals.

See also
ITU Triathlon World Championships

References

2007
World Cup


The Standardization Administration of China (SAC; ; abbr.: ) is the standards organization authorized by the State Council of China to exercise administrative responsibilities by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination of standardization work in China. The SAC represents China within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and other international and regional standardization organizations; the SAC is responsible for organizing the activities of the Chinese National Committee for ISO and IEC; the SAC approves and organizes the implementation of international cooperation and the exchange of projects on standardization.

The SAC is headquartered in Haidian District, Beijing.

History
With the development through China's reforms and opening up, in April 2001, the State Council of China decided to set up the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection & Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ), by merging the former CSBTS and the former State Bureau of Import & Export Inspection and Quarantine (CIQ SA) and, at the same time, to establish the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) and Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China (CNCA) under AQSIQ.

Laws
Standardization Law of P.R.C.
Enforcement Regulations of Standardization Law
Management Measures of National Standards
Management Measures of Industrial Standards
Standardization Mechanism and Policy

Levels
National Standards
Industrial Standards
Local Standards
Enterprise Standards

Types
Mandatory (Health, Safety and Security)
Recommended

Standard Lifecycle
 Phase 1: Preparing Work
 Phase 2: New Proposal
 Phase 3: Workgroup Draft
 Phase 4: Consultation
 Phase 5: Examination
 Phase 6: Approval
 Phase 7: Publication
 Phase 8: Review
 Phase 9: Suppression

Related organizations
Standards and conformity assessment bodies:

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs interfaces with the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) interfaces with the IOML, the APLMF and the APEC/Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC).

Administration of Certification & Accreditation of China
Known as the CNCA.
 The International Inspection and Quarantine Standards and Technical Regulations Research Centre interfaces with the WTO-SPS; WTO-TBT
 The National Accreditation Board for Certifiers (CNAB) interfaces with the IAF
 The National Auditor & Training Accreditation Board (CNAT)
 The National Accreditation Board for Laboratories (CNAL) interfaces with the ILAC; APLAC
 The China Quality Certification Center (CQC)
 The China Certification & Inspection Group (CCIC)

Standardization Administration of China
The SAC interfaces with the IEC, the APEC/SCSC, the JTC 1, the ISO and the PASC.
 China Association For Standardization (CAS)
 China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS)
 Standards Press of China (SPC)
 The National Institute of Metrology (NIM) interfaces with the BIPM and the APMP.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) interfaces with the ITU.
 China Electronics Standardization Institute (CESI)
 China Communications Standards Association (CCSA)
 National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee (NITS)
 China Wireless Telecommunication Standards working Group (CWTS)
 China Standards Information Center (CSSN)
 China Electronics Standardization Association (CESA)

Technical
Technical committees
MII standard workgroups

Committees
Standardization technical committees
ISO/IEC/JTC1 National IT Standardization Technical Committee
IEC/TC82 National Solar Photovoltaic Energy System Standardization Technical Committee
 IEC/TC29 National Magnetic Element and  Ferrite Material Standardization Technical Committee
IEC/TC47 National Semiconductor Device Standardization Technical Committee
IEC/TC21/SC21A National alkaline battery Standardization Technical Committee
IEC/TC91 National Printing circuit Standardization Technical Committee
IEC/TC80 National Navigation Standardization Technical Committee
IEC/TC25 National technical standardization committee on reliability and maintainability of electronic and electrician products
IEC/TC29 China National Technical Standardization Committee on Electro-acoustics
 TC47 National Technical Committee on Printed Circuit of Standardization Administration of China

National
National Video, Audio and Multimedia system Standardization Technical Committee IEC/TC100
National All-or-nothing Relay Standardization Technical Committee IEC/TC94
National high-frequency Cable for Electronics and Connector Standardization Technical Committee IEC/TC46
National Frequency Control and Selection Standardization Technical Committee IEC/TC49
National Electronic Tube Bases Standardization Technical Committee IEC/TC39
National Electromechanical Components for Electronic Equipment Standardization Technical Committee IEC/TC48
National Electronic equipment Resistor-Capacitor Unit Standardization Technical Committee IEC/TC40
National Electronic Measuring Instrument Standardization Technical Committee

MII standard workgroups
 Linux workgroup: Linux
 Database workgroup:
 AVS workgroup: AVS
 Digital TV workgroup:
 RFID workgroup: RFID

Standardization in key fields
National standard “Solar home system specification and test procedure” issued
New energy (solar system) -7 standards developed, for example “Testing method for LED chip”
Industrial standard “Requirements for concentration limits for certain hazardous substances in electronic information products” issued
Pollution Control
2005–2007 standardization developing plan for energy saving and comprehensive utilizing
Energy saving & consumption reduction
Standard and applications in research
RFID
“Specification for Office document format (Uniform Office Format (UOF))” issued.

See also

References

External links

Standards of the People's Republic of China
Guobiao standards
Standards organizations in China
China


Pimental is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Brian Pimental (born 1964), American storyboard artist, director and screenwriter
 Edward Pimental, American soldier
 José Vizcaíno Pimental, Dominican baseball player
 Nancy Pimental (born 1965), American actress and writer

See also
 Pimenta (disambiguation)
 Pimentel (disambiguation)


The Lutheran Volunteer Corps (LVC) is a full-time, volunteer service and leadership program. It was founded in 1979 by Luther Place Memorial Church in Washington, DC. Each year, LVC places approximately 100 volunteers in urban areas across the United States to work for social justice with various nonprofit organizations. The program lasts one to two years. The volunteers live together in the areas they serve and are encouraged to explore living simply and sustainably in intentional community.

Current placement cities include Baltimore, Maryland, Chicago, Illinois, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota, Omaha, Nebraska, Washington, D.C., and Wilmington, Delaware. In the past, volunteers have also been placed in Atlanta, Georgia, Berkeley, California, Detroit, Michigan, Jersey City, New Jersey, Port Huron, Michigan, San Francisco-Oakland, California, Seattle, Washington, and Tacoma, Washington.

History
In 1976, Luther Place Memorial Church in Washington, DC began to explore how the Lutheran community might initiate a voluntary service program. Luther Place and its senior pastor, John Steinbruck, were inspired by the Jesuit Volunteer Corps and the Mennonite Voluntary Service who had volunteers working in some of their outreach programs, such as DC Hotline and the Luther Place Night Shelter. After some discussion, a resolution was unanimously passed by the congregation, and in 1979 Luther Place organized the Lutheran Volunteer Corps (LVC).

The first full year of LVC began in August 1980 with nine one-year volunteers working in nonprofit service organizations in Washington, DC. In 1982, LVC expanded to 27 volunteers in Washington, DC, Baltimore, Maryland, and Wilmington, Delaware. In 2003, LVC was formally incorporated as its own nonprofit organization. On December 1, 2008, Lutheran Service Corps (LSC) of Omaha, Nebraska, joined Lutheran Volunteer Corps at the initiation of the LSC Board of Directors. LVC volunteers began working in Omaha in August, 2009. In 2019, LVC's 40th anniversary, approximately 100 volunteers served in eight different cities across the United States.

Core values
Social justice – LVC volunteers are placed in direct social service agencies or public policy organizations, working together for a peaceful world where basic human rights are met. LVC places emphasis on the injustice of racism, oppression, and privilege in its leadership development curriculum. Issue areas that are addressed through LVC include: food justice, legal aid, environment, housing, immigration, education, and health care.

Some example placements at which LVC volunteers have served are the AIDS Foundation of Chicago, Bread for the City, Urban Ecology Center, Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service, and N Street Village.

Simple and sustainable living – LVC volunteers are encouraged to find ways to be more environmentally aware as well as work towards simplicity of time and focus on deepening relationships.

Intentional community – LVC volunteers live together in intentional community in order to encourage open communication and shared diversity. This creates a supportive space to engage in social justice, live sustainably, and explore meaning and vocation.

LVC takes action to invite, include, and empower a broad representation of people in all aspects of their work and program. LVC believes racism and oppression must be confronted through intentional and often uncomfortable personal and institutional transformation. LVC welcomes and encourages the full participation of people of all sexual orientations, gender identities, and gender expressions.

Exploring spirituality - LVC volunteers are encouraged to explore understanding of diverse beliefs and values. LVC welcomes and celebrates the participation of persons of any or no faith traditions.

LVC is the most religiously diverse faith-based volunteer program in the United States. Though LVC is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, on average only about one third of the volunteers are Lutheran. One third are from other Christian denominations, and the last third come from a variety of other religious and spiritual traditions, including atheism and agnosticism.

See also
 Community service
 Service learning
 Volunteerism
 Youth service

References

External links
 Lutheran Volunteer Corps
 Luther Place
 N Street Village
 "Nation needs youthful idealism more than ever," USA Today, April 14, 2009

Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.


Dancesport at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Macao Forum, Macau, China from 27 October to 28 October 2007.

Medalists

Standard

Latin

Medal table

Results

Standard

Five dances
28 October

Quickstep
27 October

Preliminaries

Final

Slow foxtrot
27 October

Preliminaries

Final

Tango
27 October

Preliminaries

Final

Viennese waltz
27 October

Preliminaries

Final

Waltz
27 October

Preliminaries

Final

Latin

Five dances
27 October

Cha-cha-cha
28 October

Preliminaries

Final

Jive
28 October

Preliminaries

Final

Paso doble
28 October

Preliminaries

Final

Rumba
28 October

Preliminaries

Final

Samba
28 October

Preliminaries

Final

References
 2007 Asian Indoor Games official website
 The Asian DanceSport Federation

2007 Asian Indoor Games events
2007
Asian


Johannes-Rudolf Mühlenkamp (9 October 1910 – 23 September 1986) was a Waffen-SS officer and divisional commander during World War II who led SS Division Wiking. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

Early life
Mühlenkamp was born in 1910 in the city of Metz, at the time part of the German Empire but which reverted to French control after WW I. Mühlenkamp joined the NSDAP (Nazi Party) and the SS in April 1933 while living in Hamburg. In the following year, September 1934, he began his military career, joining the SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT), and being assigned to the Germania Regiment of the fledgling Waffen SS. After a year as an enlisted member, Mühlenkamp attended the SS Junkerschule to train as an officer, graduating as an Untersturmführer in 1936. After Junkerschule, he was attached to the German army's 2nd Panzer Division to train with their motorcycle units. Returning to the SS-VT in May, Mühlenkamp was posted again to the Germania Regiment, as platoon leader in November 1937 after promotion to Obersturmführer, before taking command of the Motorcycle Company in May 1938.

World War II
Mühlenkamp took part in the Polish campaign as Hauptsturmführer and commander of the Motorcycle Company of Germania, earning the Iron Cross 2nd class on 3 October, and the 1st class on 11 November.
After Poland Deutschland Germania and Der Führer Regiments were reorganized to form SS Verfügungs-Division (later Reich and Das Reich), and Mühlenkamp became the Divisional Adjutant under Paul Hausser, serving as the commander of the Reconnaissance Battalion in the Western and Balkan Campaigns as well as the invasion of the Soviet Union. He received the German Cross in gold while recovering from a severe head wound on 2 January 1942. On his release from hospital, Mühlenkamp was posted to 5 SS Panzer Grenadier Division Wiking in command of its new Panzer Battalion. On 3 September he was awarded the Knight's Cross in recognition of his command during the divisions drive south that year, and in particular Wiking's part in the capture of Rostov. After being wounded again in early 1943, Mühlenkamp returned to Germany to organize a second tank battalion and regimental headquarters for Wiking. His battalion grew to a regiment and Mühlenkamp was promoted to Standartenführer. He assumed command of Wiking in August 1944. His first weeks in command were spent fighting in the Warsaw area for which he received the Oakleaves to the Knight's Cross on 21 September 1944.
Mühlenkamp was made Inspector of Waffen SS Panzer Troops in October 1944, with Karl Ullrich replacing him as divisional commander. In 1945 he was tasked with raising a new division, 32nd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division 30 Januar, which he commanded during its work up in January and February, resuming his Inspectorate afterwards.

Post war
Mühlenkamp died on 23 September 1986 in Langelsheim-Bredelm, West Germany.

Awards
 Iron Cross 2nd class (3 October 1939) & 1st class (11 November 1939)
 German Cross in Gold on 2 January 1942 as SS-Hauptsturmführer in the Aufklärungs-Abteilung SS-Division "Reich"
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knight's Cross on 3 September 1942 as SS-Sturmbannführer and commander of the SS-Panzer-Abteilung 5 "Wiking"
 596th Oak Leaves on 21 September 1944 as SS-Standartenführer and division leader of the 5. SS-Panzer-Division "Wiking"
 Wound Badge in gold on 13 January 1943

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

1910 births
1986 deaths
People from Montigny-lès-Metz
Military personnel from Alsace-Lorraine
SS-Standartenführer
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Recipients of the Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir
Waffen-SS personnel


The Monmouth Beach Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey.

Raced near the end of May, it is open to fillies and mares, age three and older. It is contested on dirt at a distance of one mile and seventy yards. Weights are assigned at 117 lbs. for three-year-olds and at 124 lbs for older horses, plus specific allowances. It currently offers a purse of $70,000.

The Monmouth Beach Stakes has been raced at various distances, recently at one mile in 2002 and 2007, 11/16 miles in 2003, 2004 and 1⅛ miles in 2005.

Past winners include the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame inductee Wilderness Song who won in 1993.

Winners of the Monmouth Beach Stakes since 2000

References
 Monmouth Park Racetrack
 The Monmouth Beach Stakes at Pedigree Query

Ungraded stakes races in the United States
Open mile category horse races
1992 establishments in New Jersey
Monmouth Park Racetrack
Horse races in New Jersey
Recurring sporting events established in 1992


The N11 is a national route in South Africa which runs from the Botswana border at Groblersbrug, through Mokopane, Middelburg, Ermelo and Newcastle to end at the N3 just after Ladysmith.

Route

Limpopo
The N11 begins at the Groblersbrug Border with Botswana (Grobler's Bridge in English) on the Limpopo River. On the Botswana side of the Limpopo River, the border is known as Martin's Drift.

It begins by running south-east through Limpopo province for 190 kilometres to Mokopane. Just before entering Mokopane, the N11 is joined by the R518 and they form one road into Mokopane Central.

At the junction with the R101 Road (Thabo Mbeki Drive), the N11 and the R518 join the R101 southwards. At the second junction afterwards (by Mokopane Mall), the R518 becomes its own road eastwards towards Zebediela, leaving the R101 and the N11 as the road southwards (Thabo Mbeki Drive). After 11 kilometres, the N11 becomes its own road towards the south-south-east and meets the N1 Highway (southbound only) at the next junction just north of the N1's Nyl Toll Plaza.

The N11 continues southwards for 72 kilometers to reach an intersection with the R33 Road. They become one road southwards into the town of Marble Hall (15 kilometres), where they meet the north-eastern terminus of the R573 from Pretoria and KwaMhlanga. The R33 and N11 remain as one road for another 27 kilometres south into the town of Groblersdal.

At the junction with the north-eastern terminus of the R25 Road (4-way junction; staggered junction) in Groblersdal, the R33 becomes the road eastwards, leaving the N11 as the road southwards. The N11 continues southwards for 85 kilometers, following the Olifants River, to cross into the Mpumalanga Province and reach the city of Middelburg.

Mpumalanga
It enters the city of Middelburg as Walter Sisulu Street. At the junction with Cowen Ntuli Street, the N11 meets the R555 and the R104 and they all become the road eastwards on Cowen Ntuli Street, which is the main road through Middelburg Central.

Just after meeting the R35 Road's northern terminus, the R555 becomes its own road north-eastwards, leaving the R104 and N11 as the road eastwards. Just after the Eastdene Suburb, the N11 splits from the R104 to become the road towards the south-east. After the Nazareth and Rockdale suburbs, it meets the N4 Highway (Pretoria-Maputo Highway; Maputo Corridor). The N11 proceeds south-south-east for 55 kilometres to the town of Hendrina, where it passes through the town as Church Street and intersects with the R38 road (Beukes Street) in the town centre. It proceeds south-east for 50 kilometres to the city of Ermelo, where it meets the N17 from Eswatini (Swaziland).

At the Fourie Street junction, the N17 joins the N11 southwards up to the junction with Joubert Street, where the N17 continues westwards. At Voortrekker Street south of Ermelo town centre, the N11 meets the terminus of the N2 from Piet Retief, St. Lucia and Durban. From Ermelo, the N11 runs south for 97 kilometres, through Amersfoort (where it meets the R35 Road again), to the town of Volksrust, where it meets the south-eastern terminus of the R23 Road and becomes the Laing's Nek Pass. Just after, the N11 enters KwaZulu-Natal.

KwaZulu-Natal
From Volksrust, the N11 proceeds south for 45 kilometres to reach the city of Newcastle. Just before Newcastle, the N11 is joined by the R34 for 7 kilometres until they split at an off-ramp north-east of the city centre, where the N11 becomes the Newcastle Eastern Bypass. After bypassing the city centre, the N11 proceeds south for 95 kilometres as the Ikhupe Pass, meeting the western terminus of the R68 (which connects to Dundee), to reach the city of Ladysmith. It crosses the Klip River in the city centre and turns westwards to reach an off-ramp intersection with the R103 Road adjacent to the Ladysmith Airport entrance. The N11 joins the R103 and they are one road south-south-west for 2 and a half kilometers before the N11 becomes its own road westwards. The N11 heads westwards for 13 kilometres, meeting the north-eastern terminus of the R600 (which connects to Winterton), to reach its end at an off-ramp junction with the N3 Highway just south of the N3's Tugela Toll Plaza. West of this junction, it is known as the R616 to Bergville.

References

External links

 South African National Roads Agency
 Route listing
 An old-fashioned (free) National Road | Travels with Akela

National Roads in South Africa
Roads in South Africa


Code: Blue is a fictional organization appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Code: Blue was a New York City police SWAT team that was specially trained and equipped to deal with super-powered criminals.

Publication history

Code: Blue appeared in 1994's Marvel Double Feature...Thunderstrike / Code Blue and were created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz.

Fictional team history

Feeling that conventional police tactics and SWAT teams were ineffective against some super powered criminals, Lieutenant Stone proposed a program to train and equip dedicated police officers to specifically deal with those types of menaces. Dubbed Code: Blue, their first assignment was to take down the Wrecking Crew. Surrounded by police while holding a hostage, the Wrecker attempted to use his newfound skill with Asgardian magic to find the rock troll Ulik, but his inexperience gave Code: Blue enough time to secure positions around the building and attack. The organized strike enabled the officers to free the hostage while slowing the Wrecking Crew down. Eventually, the Wrecker used his crowbar to teleport his allies away leaving Code: Blue to score their first mission as a win.

Code: Blue later traveled to Asgard itself with the help of Eric Masterson to aid in repelling an invasion.

Later, Code: Blue participates in sending well-meaning doubles of Earth heroes back to their home dimensions. The visitors had been taking a manner of vacation in Code: Blue's reality, at times pretending to be the heroes in question.

During the "Fear Itself" storyline, Code Blue establishes an internet presence as they send out valuable information after a supervillain breakout.

During the "Infinity Countdown" storyline, Code Blue recruits a new member named Chris Powell who has the superhero identity of Darkhawk.

Members
 Chief O'Grady - Police chief
 Captain Shelley Conklin - Police captain
 Lt. Marcus Stone - Commander
 Margarita "Rigger" Ruiz - Team armorer
 Julius Anthony "Mad Dog" Rassitano - Sharpshooter
 Daniel "Fireworks" Fielstein - Demolitions specialist and expert
 Andrew "Jock" Jackson - Personal combat specialist
 Samuel "Mother" Majowski - Tactical analyst (quadriplegic, uses a wheelchair)
 Warren Curzon - Police detective inspector

In other media
Code: Blue appears in the Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes episode "Strings". Here, the NYPD under the influence of the Puppet Master send in the unit to arrest the Fantastic Four in the warehouse that they are hiding in. It is revealed that Mister Fantastic made all of the unit's weapons and armor as a precaution in case of a supervillain attack when they were away.

References

External links

 Code: Blue at Marvel.com
 Code: Blue at Marvel Wiki

Fictional organizations in Marvel Comics
Fictional police officers


Veerampattinam is the largest coastal village in the union territory of Puducherry situated between Pondicherry and Cuddalore. The village is 7 km away from the Pondicherry city centre and frequent bus services are available from Pondicherry for almost once in every 10–15 minutes. The population of the village is more than 10,000.. Around 5,000 people are registered as voters with the Election Commission of India.

The village has the history of over 1000 years and has blessed with a pleasant layout as you evidence from wikimapia. There are rivers on both sides of the village which help protect the village against cyclones. The village is surrounded by greenery due to fertile soil and good water supply.

Beach of the village
The village has quite a lengthy and one of the most beautiful beaches in India which attracts tourist from local as well as abroad. A large number of people take sun bath and relax at the beach almost round the year. One can also enjoy seeing fishermen working with traditional fishing crafts and nets at dedicated sites.  Other scenes including fishing boats entering into the harbour can be seen while having fun at the beach.

Festivals in the village

The village is famous for Car Festival celebrated here on the occasion of the six weeks long village temple (Sri Sengazhuneer Amman Temple) festival since the date immemorial. It attracts thousands of people from far and near. Veerampattinam is also famous for Masi Magam (gathering of several deities in front of beach) which is held in February/March of every year.

Profession of the villagers
Most of the elderly citizens of the village are following fishing profession while youngsters of the village are working as professional experts/technicians across India and overseas. A good number of people are working as officers and engineers in merchant ships.

Schools in the village
There are three government schools (Primary school, Jeevarathinam girls middle school and Singaravelar high school) in the village. Some of the children are taking the advantage of the village schools and others are going to private schools outside the village. The village has been developing fast lately particularly when 100% of the village children started going to school.

Gallery

References

External links

 http://www.mssrf.org/tsunami/tidal_tragedy.htm
 http://www.india9.com/i9show/Veerampattinam-54156.htm
 http://police.pondicherry.gov.in/Ariankuppam%20PS.htm
 http://www.ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/index.html

Villages in Puducherry district
Ariyankuppam


Florenţa Andreea Isărescu (born 3 July 1984) is a Romanian artistic gymnast who competed in international events between 1997 and 2000. She is an Olympic gold medalist and a world gold medalist with the team.

References

External links

 List of competitive results at Gymn Forum

Living people
1984 births
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic gold medalists for Romania
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts from Bucharest
20th-century Romanian women
21st-century Romanian women


Carrot Cake Murder: A Hannah Swensen Mystery is the 10th book in the Hannah Swenson Mysteries series by Joanne Fluke.

Plot summary
It is summer in Lake Eden, Minnesota and everyone is very excited with the family reunion that Hannah's partner Lisa has prepared coming up shortly. Lisa's Uncle Gus has made an unexpected return after a 30-year absence with expensive jewelry, clothes and a new car. Uncle Gus is immediately the center of attention at the reunion with no doubt. It is up to Hannah Swensen, the owner of The Cookie Jar bakery, to provide the treats. Hannah bakes one of her specialties, her carrot cake which is a big hit. Gus is impressed with Hannah's cake and asks her for another platter, but the next day as the pictures for the family reunion are being taken, everyone notices that there is one person missing. As Hannah goes out to search for Gus, she finds him over by the bar at the pavilion with two pieces of Hannah's carrot cake by his side, dead stabbed with an ice pick! It is up to Hannah to solve the mystery of the murder. It seems like Grandpa Jack might be blamed for killing Gus because of his Alzheimer's. Hannah thinks that he is not responsible for the murder, so she tries to prove that he is innocent. The book also has recipes.

Reception
A Book Reporter review says, "CARROT CAKE MURDER is every bit as fun and entertaining as the previous nine Hannah Swensen mysteries. It’s almost like having your own family reunion when you get to catch up on what’s going on in Hannah’s life and visit with her mother, two sisters and close friends. There is just something so inviting about the town of Lake Eden and its residents that you’ll want to pull up a chair and sit a spell!" A Mystery Reader review says, "There are a lot of worthy suspects of the murder of Uncle Gus, but the true murderer is obvious and readers will find themselves wondering what is taking Hannah and the Lake Eden police so long to find the person.  There are over twenty new recipes for cookies and some savory recipes for large gatherings.  Culinary mystery fans will be satisfied with this latest entry." It was reviewed by Booklist. It was reviewed by Publishers Weekly

References

American mystery novels
2008 American novels
Novels set in Minnesota


The men's 200 metre breaststroke was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the sixth appearance of the event, which was established in 1908. The competition was held from Thursday August 11, 1932 to Saturday August 13, 1932.

Eighteen swimmers from eleven nations competed.

Medalists

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In the first heat Yoshiyuki Tsuruta improved his own Olympic record with 2:46.2 minutes. In the first semi-final Reizo Koike bettered the Olympic record with 2:44.9 minutes.

Results

Heats

Thursday August 11, 1932: The fastest two in each heat and the fastest third-placed from across the heats advanced to the final.

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Heat 4

Semifinals

Friday August 12, 1932: The fastest three in each semi-final advanced to the final.

Semifinal 1

Semifinal 2

Final

Saturday August 13, 1932:

References

External links
Olympic Report

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Men's events at the 1932 Summer Olympics


The Coliseu dos Recreios (also known as Coliseu de Lisboa) is a multi-purpose auditorium located in Lisbon, Portugal.

History

The main building was constructed within a metal lattice by Francisco Goulard between 1888 and 1890. While the facade was completed by Cesare Ianz. The building was inaugurated on 14 August 1890. In 1897 the Geographical Society of Lisbon () occupied part of the spaces, inaugurating the Portuguese Hall (), authored by architect José Luís Monteiro (1849-1942) shortly after. António Santos Júnior became director general of the Coliseu dos Recreios in the same year.

On the death of António Santos (1920), the direction of the Coliseu was assumed by Ricardo Covões.

A major refurbishment of the installations was completed in February 1994, that included remodelling of the hall and stage, and reconstruction of the surrounding spaces.

On 22 August 2006, the Coliseu (owing to its stylistic, typological and historic importance) was designated for preservation. The DRCLisboa, on establishing the Special Protection Zone for the Castle of São Jorge (and surroundings), included the building. As a Property of Public Interest, the National Council for Culture () proposed that archiving of the Special Protection Zone on 10 October 2011, which were necessitated on 18 October 2011 by IGESPAR.

Architecture

The Coliseu is actually two juxtapositioned buildings. This includes a rectangular three-story building, whose principal facade is oriented to the southwest. The first floor includes the Coliseu dos Recreios' atrium (94-98), the vestibule and bar-restaurant of the Sociedade de Geografia; the second floor, which as functions as library of the organization; and third floor, the Sala Portugal. The rectangular area is internally divided into three areas supported by steel pillars/columns, and interlinked by steel staircase, allowing circulation vertically. The twelve-sided events hall is encircled by seating and two floors of box seating. To the northeast and southwest, respectively, are special box seats, framed by three arches, over one of the three accesses. The hall is covered by metal ceiling, supported by steel tubing.

The events hall has a capacity of between 2846 (seated) to 4000 people, depending on its configuration.

Beside concerts, other shows are hosted there, including theatre, circus, dance shows and awards ceremonies. Performers have included Cirque du Soleil, Tango Fire, and several ballets.

Noted performers

Agir
Alter Bridge
Amália Rodrigues
Amor Electro
Ana Moura
Anastacia
Anselmo Ralph
Aurea
Biffy Clyro
Buika
Bring Me The Horizon
Bush
Caetano Veloso
Camané
Carlos do Carmo
Carminho
Carolina Deslandes
Celeste Rodrigues
Cesária Évora
Cuca Roseta
D.A.M.A
Da Weasel
Dead Combo
Deep Purple
Deolinda
Diana Krall
Dino d'Santiago
Diogo Piçarra
Dream Theater
Duran Duran
Extreme
Fafá de Belém
Gabriela Rocha
Gavin James
Gilberto Gil
Gregory Porter
Guano Apes
Gusttavo Lima
Harlem Gospel Choir
Imagine Dragons
Jamie Cullum
João Gilberto
João Pedro Pais
Jorge Palma
José Cid
Kevinho
LCD Soundsystem
Léo Magalhães
Machine Head
Madonna
Mallu Magalhães
Marco Paulo
Maria Bethânia
Maria Lisboa
Marisa Monte
Mariza
Martinho da Vila
Massive Attack
Matias Damásio
Michel Teló
Miguel Araújo
Mika
Miles Davis
Mishlawi
Moonspell
My Chemical Romance
Niall Horan
Nightwish
Nine Inch Nails
Norah Jones
Os Azeitonas
Pablo Alborán
Papa Roach
Paula Fernandes
Pentatonix
Placebo
Plutónio
Prince
Radiohead
Raquel Tavares
Richie Campbell
Rise Against
R5
Salvador Sobral
Sam the Kid
Scott Bradlee's Postmodern Jukebox
Silence 4
Simple Minds
Simple Plan
Sum 41
The Flying Acess
The Gift
The National
Tiago Bettencourt
Vanessa da Mata
Woody Allen
Xutos & Pontapés
Yes

See also
List of theatres and auditoriums in Lisbon

References
Notes

Sources

External links

 Official website of Coliseu dos Recreios

Culture in Lisbon
Theatres in Lisbon
Concert halls in Portugal
Music venues completed in 1890
Music venues in Portugal
1890 establishments in Portugal


The characters of the Japanese visual novel Popotan were designed by Akio Watanabe under the alias Poyoyon♡Rock, and the characters in the anime adaptation were designed by Rondo Mizukami and based on Akio Watanabe's original concepts for the visual novel. The series takes place on a fictional Earth in which exist supernatural beings with powers and follows three such supernatural sisters as they travel through time in a mansion, searching for the reason for their journey. Though many of the characters in the visual novel share personality traits and character relations with their anime counterparts, there are numerous differences between the two media. Both the visual novel and anime have mutually exclusive characters in addition to the changes in character roles.

In the visual novel, the player controls Chris, a slacker who roams from town to town until he comes across the unnamed town that is the setting of Popotan. The story centers on him as he moves in with three sisters and their maid (all of whom become the protagonists for the anime) and his transformation in his lifestyle. In the anime, the primary protagonists of the series are the three sisters, Ai, Mai and Mii. Ai is a compassionate, motherly figure whose overly compassionate nature often causes problems. Mai is a tomboy who wishes for the quest to end and to live a normal life. Mii is an energetic child who likes to cosplay and help people in trouble. Early on, the series explored the characters' personalities by focusing on a single character per episode. The sisters' maid, Mea, is portrayed as a secondary protagonist in the anime, but is portrayed as a primary protagonist in the  radio drama that is a continuation of the anime.

Main characters

Chris

 is the protagonist of the story whom the player controls. He is a high-school dropout and slacker who gave up on the world. He wanders from city to city playing his guitar to make just enough money to cover his living expenses. He moves in with the three sisters because they charge cheap rent and he likes staying in a house full of girls; however, he quickly learns he must change his slacker ways.  As the game progresses, Chris has the possibility of developing a romantic relationship with one of the girls; at first this is limited to the three sisters: Ai, Mai and Mii, but after completing at least one of their routes, five other girls will be accessible. Since the visual novel revolves around him, the only time his character is seen is during event sequences; however, in the fan disc, his image is visually represented along with the other characters.

Sisters
In the visual novel their roles are as principal romancable characters for the protagonist while in the anime they, along with their maid, Mea, take on the roles of the protagonist. The three sisters, Ai, Mai and Mii, all have supernatural powers that differ based loosely on their personality type. All three live together under the same roof of a Western-style mansion with a maid helping take care of their needs.

Ai
, the oldest sister and acting landlord of the mansion. Aged 18, she is the only major character with large breasts and often wears a Santa Claus-style hat over her green hair. She is near-sighted and needs glasses to see clearly; additionally, she has a no sense of direction. Ai is a motherly figure and constantly tries to help people. She does most of the chores their maid does not, and, loves to cook despite being an incompetent. Her easygoing caring nature often leads her to fail things because she cannot muster the resolve to criticize others. Believing she is ugly and fat, Ai wears clothing and glasses to hide behind. This is why she allows Chris to stay with them when she finds out he has nowhere else to go. Ai also loves to take baths, more than once a day if possible. She also seems to be the de facto caretaker of the sisters' pet ferret, Unagi, which hides under her hat. Ai has the ability to speak to plants, specifically dandelions, which she and her sisters refer to as "popotan".

In the anime, Ai becomes accustomed to the time traveling and non-aging and is mostly unaffected by it until she meets Daichi as an adult. She uses her ability help them find Shizuku, whom the sisters are searching for. Ai is voiced by Mayu Fujisaki in the visual novel; in the anime she is voiced in Japanese by Sayaka Ohara and in English by Nicole Oliver.

Mai
, the middle sister at 14, has pink hair and usually wears sporty clothes. Mai is constantly reminded of her small breast size by her younger sister Mii, which causes her to lose her temper. Mai goes to school with Mii and has a friend there, Konami, who knows Chris from the past. Although she is the middle sister, Mai governs household affairs such as the budget. She longs to leave the mansion but does not want to burden Ai whom she knows does not have the willpower to deal with such responsibilities. Mai has a tomboyish personality and is very short-tempered, especially when it comes to Chris, the more so when she thinks she'll lose face. She is the only character who vehemently opposes Chris's staying at the mansion, despite the fact that he pays rent.

Mai's role is more prominent in the anime. Early in the season she had problems with constantly moving; because she thought everyone hated her after making friends and then abandoning them, she became so depressed that she refused to go to school. She understood the impact of their journeys on others, but unlike Ai, did not have the maturity to cope with it. Early on in the series she makes friends with a classmate of hers, Konami. When it was time for Mai to leave, Konami helped convince Mai that she was wrong and in consolation Konami left a sketch portrait of Mai she made for a class assignment as a departing gift stating that they will remain friends forever, even if they never see each other again. While waiting for Mai's return, Konami dies two years before the mansion is in a location where the two could meet again. Later in the series, Mai meets Konami's daughter; she initially mistakes her for Konami but quickly learns her name is Mai and that she was named by Konami in memory of her friend. Mai discovers that Konami's daughter has more in common with her than a name: she, like her namesake, feels that everyone hates her. As a result, Mai feels it her duty to both Konami and her daughter to show her that way of thinking was wrong, just as Konami did for her. Mai ultimately gave up and failed at the time when she Konami had still been waiting for her even as she lay dying. This, compounded with Keith's words about the pain the girls bring to others, reawakening her depression in a much deeper manner. When she returns to visit Konami later and leaves, as a departing request, asks Konami to explain to her daughter what she felt so that she would not follow the same path as the younger sister Mai. Along with Mea, the maid, Mai is left at one point when the mansion disappears into the future without them. It is during this time that Mai realizes that she cannot age and Ai explains the connection to the mansion and aging process. Mai is voiced by Mio Oukawa in the visual novel; in the anime she is voiced in Japanese by Masumi Asano and in English by Nicole Bouma.

Mii
, the youngest sister at 11, has light purple hair that is often tied in a double-bun on her head, except when she cosplays as "Magical Girl Mii"; she then wears it in twin pony-tails. Mii goes to the same school as Mai. She goes around asking Chris to play with her almost anytime she sees him and loves to cosplay as a magical girl, "Magical Girl Mii", trying to help others out around town, though the results often vary. The game has more sexual scenes involving her than any other character. She tries to have sex with Chris early on and has sex with Mea, the maid, a few times.

Mii is not as lascivious in the anime, though she has an obsession with defining plushy things, especially Ai's breasts. She also loves to compare breast sizes of various females. Also, though she passes through time like the rest of the girls, her very naivete and energy allow her to overcome most of the jumps with ease.

"Magical Girl Mii" was used in the anime, though its origins were changed. In the anime it was a specialized cosplay costume she had created to mimic a magical girl television show which cost a lot of money, but Ai seemed easily able to pay for it. That episode she met a chronically ill girl named Miyuki and attempted to cheer up. After this, she wears it around and pretends to help stop evil and believes she has superpowers. Later during the episode, Miyuki collapsed from overexertion playing with Mii. Mii tried to use powers she thought she had to heal her. The attempt was successful, and Ai revealed to the viewers that Mii's special power was healing. However, Mii remains unaware of this for a good portion of the season, and continues to believe that she has other powers as well. After the episode, Mii continues to cosplay in the outfit with the same type of antics. Mii is voiced by Toromi in the visual novel; in the anime she is voiced in Japanese by Momoi Haruko and in English by Jocelyne Loewen.

Mea

, the sisters' maid, who is sometimes referred to as Mare in the visual novel and Mear in the fan book, is actually a lifelike android that has existed for a long time. Her scarlet hair is tied down into two long pigtails that reach her elbows. She appears completely unemotional, especially at the beginning of the game, but she has her own desires and  becomes friendlier with Chris as the story progresses to varying degrees depending upon whether it's her balls or not.

In the anime, Mii constantly points out Mea's small breast size, though she does not lose her temper like Mai. She also has a voracious appetite despite her diminutive figure. She starts out more robotic-like, but becomes less so as the story progresses, such as in Episode 4 when she becomes concerned and fixes the doll of a malevolent-but-lonely child's spirit and seems to make some emotional connection to it. These scenes though are largely seen only by the audience and not by any of the major characters. Mea is left behind with Mai when the house vanishes after visiting the hot springs. She and Mai later rejoin the group, when the mansion returns five years later to the same spot. While waiting for the mansion to return, she works as a rental maid in the area to keep things up with Mai. It is later revealed that Mea is a "guard" sent to help the girls along their journey and that Mea is working with Shizuku under Keith.

While Mea is listed officially as an android for the anime, it is unclear while watching Popotan that this is the case as there is no given reference, beyond her personality, to that effect. In episode four it is revealed she is not human, but the episode does not state what she is. Mea is voiced by Asumi Noda in the visual novel; in the anime she is voiced in Japanese by Mai Kadowaki and in English by Anna Cummer.

Shizuku
 can be recognized by light-green hair and a similarly colored poncho. Her calm, mature demeanor contrasts with her youthful appearance, and her age is never mentioned.  Chris meets her on a stroll at night and brings her back to the mansion. She lacks linguistic skills, and at first not much about her is learned. Because Shizuku is unable to take care of herself, Chris offers to pay her rent as well.

In the anime, Shizuku is the reason for the girls' travels. She is portrayed as a goddess of the dandelions; for most of the anime, is referred to by the three sisters as "The One" as they do not know her name. When the sisters finally meet Shizuku, she tests them by offering them a choice between returning to a time period of their choice or continuing their time-traveling. Shizuku is voiced by Minami Nagasaki in the visual novel and by Rumi Shishido in the Japanese anime  and by Nicole Leroux in the English anime.

Secondary Characters

Konami
 was Chris's girlfriend before he dropped out and left his old town; when she starts attending Mai's school, she and Mai become best friends. She has long brown hair and like most of the others, small breasts. Konami is a trendy, cheerful and optimistic girl with almost as much energy as Mii and just as much naivety. She rarely thinks of the consequences of her actions.

In the anime, she is responsible for breaking Mai's cyclical nature of her depression. She becomes a great artist and eventually has a daughter who she decided to name Mai; Mai, the sister, eventually meets her in the future and at first mistakes her for Konami. When Mai, the sister, returns to be with Konami after meeting with Konami, she asks Konami to teach her daughter that both of them enjoyed their friendship and never resented the other for leaving, hoping to change the personality of Mai. Konami is voiced by Miki Haruse in the visual novel, by Tomoko Kawakami in the Japanese anime, and by Tabitha St. Germain in the English anime.

Nono
 is a shy, blue-haired shrine maiden-in-training and daughter of the Goshintai clan who takes her training seriously. She takes care with cleaning the shrine and commutes to the same school as the rest of the girls. She also tries to do fortune telling in the city, though she is infamous for getting her fortunes wrong. She is the first major character Chris is introduced to in the game. At first she does not seem to fond of him because of his slacker mentality, but eventually gets over that.

In the anime, Nono is one of Mii's closest friends, though Nono seems to show quickly signs of wearing out under Mii's constant enthusiasm because she is slightly older than Mii and has been under rigorous training by her grandfather whom she cares for every much despite his often harsh treatment of  ways, especially holidays like Christmas. Nono is voiced by Junko Kusayanagi in the visual novel, by Sakura Nogawa in the Japanese anime, and by Brenna O'Brien in the English anime.

Claude
 is Chris's rival. Like Chris, Claude also plays the guitar, though he is more of a rock-star mentality. He has reddish-brown hair and wears black clothing with his guitar strapped to his back.
Depending upon how the story unfolds, Claude's appearance may be closer to that of a minor character in certain scenarios, though he still plays a key role in several endings. He is central to Konami's scenario as he attempts to rape her in it after he and some other members of his band seduce her, specifically because she has a relation with Chris. Since she is enthralled with Claude because he's a rockstar, she is easily blinded. In Mii's scenario, one of her several "Magical Gril Mii" mini-games involve Claude.

Daichi
 is a very kind and protective person. He is the first person seen in the anime as he takes pictures of the mansion which some students say is haunted. When he learns the truth, the girls decide to help him out. He, like Ai, goes out of his way to help his friends and is likely why the two connect. In the year 2000, as an adult, Daichi's daughter takes a picture at the beach and he sees the mansion where the girls lived, but obviously not in the same location he visited it. He goes to see them and meets Ai who becomes agitated because she does not know what to do. At the time she denies any connection, but later when he returns and is attacked by Keith she reveals the truth. As a child, Daichi is voiced in Japanese by Yuki Kaida and as an adult by Kenichi Suzumura; as a child, he is voiced in English by Reece Thompson and as an adult by Kirby Morrow.

Keith
 plays a role, along with Mea, as a "guide" and has special abilities similar to the girls. He first appears wearing a business suit with his distinguishing white hair in an attempt to help out Ai dissuade an adult Daichi who she really is because of the nature of the mansion and their agelessness. At first she welcomes him and sleeps with him, but later resents him after he attacks Daichi. Later on, Keith tries to convince Mai the actions they take only end up hurting those they befriend.

Keith works under Shizuku like Mea, but stronger and higher ranked than she. He often disagrees with her about the three sisters. While it appears he's trying to work against the girls, in one of the final scenes he's shown to be content with the decision they eventually make. Keith is voiced by Yuuji Takada in Japanese and by Brian Drummond in English.

Other characters

Kokoa
 has brown hair pulled back in a double braid and wears glasses. She is a manager of a rival convenience stores. Because of this, she comes off quite hostile to Chris at first.
Kokoa is semi-hidden romanceable character, though her level of interaction otherwise would be indistinguishable with a minor character. She is not listed among the official main characters on sites like Getchu, but does have her own character image and scene reminisce section. Kokoa is voiced by Mayu Ayatayo in the visual novel.

Unagi
, is a white female ferret that can transform into a humanoid hybrid; she is the only notable such hybrid of its type in any form of literature. In her humanoid form, Unagi is indistinguishable from a normal human except for her white tail. She also has white hair as well. She does not get along with Mii at all as Mii becomes jealous of the time she spends with Chris.

Unagi is essentially the mascot character for the series in both forms. She is used in the character menus for the navigating the game and introduces the next episode in her humanoid form in the anime.

In the game, she only appears in her humanoid form after completing Ai's route and choosing to play post-game scenario when starting a new game.

In the anime, she is essentially the family's pet and is found usually around Ai and dislikes Mii who torments her at times. She never transforms in any of the episodes and it's unclear whether she can. In the episode preview at the end of episode one, she explains she can, but the segment is in an out-of-storyline context. Unagi' is voiced by Kanon Torii in the visual novel;
  in the anime she is voiced in Japanese by Ayako Kawasumi and in English by Tabitha St. Germain.

Asuka
 is a female classmate of Daichi's who the latter has a crush on. Asuka believes in spirits because her grandmother died prior to the story's beginning and she felt that her grandmother's spirit was still around. When Daichi takes photos of the mansion, she's happy and even after they are found to be fake, she still is thankful for the gesture Daichi made to cheer her up. Later in the series, she marries Daichi, and makes an appearance as an adult in episode 7. Asuka is voiced by in Japanese Mai Nakahara and by in English Kelly Sheridan.

Mai (Konami's Daughter)
, Konami's daughter, is visually an exact duplicate of Konami. Emotionally she is completely the opposite. Where Konami was optimistic, she is pessimistic; where Konami was outgoing, she is an introvert; where her mother cherished Mai, the sister, she hates her. She appears only in the anime.

Mai, the daughter, eventually meets Mai, the middle sister, who at first mistakes her for Konami as they look exactly alike. The daughter resents Mai, the middle sister, for abandoning her mother which further deepens the latter Mai's depression. Konami's daughter, Mai, develops a similar personality to that of the other Mai in that she chooses to close herself off from having friends. In the final episode, an adult Mai explains the travels to Daisuke, the male child of Asuka and Daichi. Mai is voiced by in Japanese Tomoko Kawakami and in English Maggie Blue O'Hara.

Miyuki
 is a young girl who lives at the hospital due to having a weak body since birth. She enjoys watching the "Magical Girl Lilo" cartoon and after her father meets Mii who is at the cosplaying with the evidential outfit. After Mii forces her to dress up as well and they go around town, Miyuki collapses due to her weakness whereupon Mii uses her healing powers curing Miyuki of her weakness permanently. Miyuki is voiced in Japanese by Mikako Takahashi and by in English Brenna O'Brien.

Merchandise
Popotan has had a number of merchandise based on the female characters. All of the major romanceable girls from the game have had figurines designed for them, with Mii getting additional ones from other sets. Resin model kits for all of the major protagonists as well as other important female characters have been released, several of which are in different poses  and Mai's displaying a bare chest. Petit Ferret also released a cell-phone card set, dripping matt, and other items based around the anime's protagonists. One official anime wallpaper was released without being included in other products. Mii has also been featured in an e-calendar at "Bishōjo Kyaramero"'s website. Unagi was also featured in a plushie of her ferret form for sale by Petit Ferret/Popo House.

In December 2003 and March 2004, WellMADE released two mini-games based around the character Unagi free to the public in a series entitled . These games, where Unagi is the heroine, are meant to humorous and fun. The second one allows Unagi to transform into her humanoid form after a certain point in the game.

Reception

Visual novel
The visual novel's Japanese voice actor have all commented on their time working on the title. Mayu Fujisaki comments that her time spent of Ai's character was a valuable experience. She comments that Ai is cute, gentle and tolerant.

Anime
Mania states that Mea is "[t]he oddest of the [main] characters" since she appears first as very robotic in both action and appearance, but as the story progresses and her personality evolves becomes less so. Another Mania reviewer claims that Mai, the middle sister, is by far the most interesting of the characters since her episodes revolve around the struggle of trying to live an ordinary life when doing so it impossible and thus her story outshines the other main characters' stories. In a second review, the former Mania reviewer did praise the way the anime brought back Daichi as an adult and the way the anime handled the issues that would likely occur with such a fantastical encounter, though in another review by the same author he criticizes the anime for placing Mai and Mii on the journey through time and space since they'll never have a chance to grow up, although he later admits he might be reading too much into things.

All of the female characters, but especially Mii's, bath and other partial nudity scenes from anime sparked a lot of controversy when the anime was released on North American DVDs as they had a lot uncensored images of the character's chests, though Akio Watanabe is still credited with having great character designs. Mania stats that most of the main anime characters are mostly visually appealing, though still stereotypical, designs and claims "the most interesting looking character" is Konami with Miyuki close behind. Mania goes further and claims that Miyuki actually fills the costume better cosplaying as a "Magical Girl" than Mii.

Notes

References
General

Specific

Lists of anime and manga characters
Lists of visual novel characters
Popotan


Class 77 may refer to:

British Rail Class 77
Class 77, a designation for EMD Class 66 operated by Euro Cargo Rail in France
 DRG Class 77, a German tank locomotive class with wheel arrangements 2-6-4T or 4-6-2T operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and comprising:
 Class 77.0: Palatine P 5
 Class 77.1: Palatine Pt 3/6 and Bavarian Pt 3/6
 Class 77.2: BBÖ 629, PKP Class Okm11
 Class 77.3: ČSD Class 354.1
Belgian Railways Class 77, a Belgian diesel locomotive used both for shunting and for mainline cargo service


Frederick Martin CBE (23 October 1882 – 18 January 1950) was a Scottish Liberal, later Labour politician and journalist.

Family and education
Martin was born in Peterhead in Aberdeenshire, the third son of William Martin and Agnes Clark. He was educated at Peterhead Academy. He married Flora Rennie and they had two daughters.

Early career
Martin became a journalist, working on the Aberdeen Free Press and Morning Post. In 1914 he joined the 5th Battalion, the Gordon Highlanders and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant. He served until 1915 but became blind during his period of training and was hospitalised in St Dunstans Hostel for Blinded Soldiers and Sailors.

Liberal politics
Martin was elected Liberal Member of Parliament for East Aberdeenshire at the 1922 general election.

It was rare for anyone with a disability to get elected to Parliament but his blindness during war service brought him a great deal of personal sympathy. He held the seat at the 1923 general election

but was defeated in 1924 when he faced a three-cornered contest.

He tried unsuccessfully to re-enter Parliament as Liberal candidate for Central Aberdeenshire at the 1929 general election.

Labour
After the 1929 general election, Martin defected from the Liberals to Labour, succumbing to a feeling that this was the end of the line for the old Liberal party. Despite the party having fought a spirited and radical campaign under the leadership of David Lloyd George it had failed to break back into power. According to one historian, Martin was one of a number of MPs, former MPs and candidates who could no longer imagine the circumstances in which the party could ever succeed again. He stood for Parliament, now in the Labour interest, contesting East Aberdeenshire at the general elections of 1931

and 1935.

He remained as Labour Prospective Parliamentary Candidate for a general election expected to take place in 1939 or 1940. However, by the time the next election came in 1945, he had been replaced as candidate.

Local government
However Martin did achieve political success at local government level. He served as vice-chairman of Aberdeenshire Education Authority from 1925 to 1930. In 1929 he was elected a member of Aberdeenshire County Council and was Chairman of the Public Health Committee from 1932 to 1945 and Chairman of the Education Committee, 1946–47. He was Vice-Convener (equivalent to vice-chairman) of the County between 1946 and 1949, when he became Convener. He died in office.

Honours
Martin was awarded the CBE in 1942 and was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire in 1949.

Death
Martin died at his home in Mintlaw in Aberdeenshire on 18 January 1950, aged 67.

External links

References

1882 births
1950 deaths
Scottish Liberal Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
People from Peterhead
Gordon Highlanders officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British politicians with disabilities
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People from Mintlaw


Catherine Ponder (born February 14, 1927) is an American minister and founder of Unity Church Worldwide, affiliated with the Unity Church, and author of several New Thought books on mainly focused on the theme of prosperity.

Early life
Ponder was born in Hartsville, South Carolina.

After studying business she enrolled in the Unity Ministerial School, receiving a Bachelor of Science in Education in 1956.

Career
She was ordained as a Unity Church minister in 1958, with an initial ministry in Birmingham, Alabama (1958–61). She founded ministries in Austin, Texas (1961–69), San Antonio (1969–73) and Palm Desert, California in 1973, where she remains minister.

Ponder has written more than a dozen books, which include such bestsellers as her Millionaires of the Bible series.

Ponder wrote her first prosperity book The Dynamic Laws of Prosperity in the early 1960s while living in Birmingham, Alabama.

She has given lectures on the universal principles of prosperity in most of the major cities of America, as well as in smaller ones. Ponder has given interviews on television and radio, as well as numerous interviews by the print media.

Ponder's The Dynamic Laws of Prosperity was included among 50 'success classics' in an eponymous book  by personal development scholar Tom Butler-Bowdon. Her Open Your Mind To Prosperity was separately featured in his book 50 Prosperity Classics.

Personal life
While finishing The Dynamic Laws, she married and moved to the southwest, where her husband taught at the University of Texas. Following her husband's death,she moved to San Antonio in the early 1970s. She remarried and wrote a sequel to the first book, entitled Open Your Mind to Prosperity.

Bibliography

 The Dynamic Laws of Prosperity (1962, released in French in 1980 by Les Éditions Un monde différent))
 The Prosperity Secrets of the Ages (1964)
 The Dynamic Laws of Healing (1966)
 The Healing Secrets of the Ages (1967)
 Pray and Grow Rich (1968)
 Open Your Mind To Prosperity (1971)
 The Millionaires of Genesis (1976)
 The Millionaire Moses (1977)
 The Millionaire Joshua (1978)
 The Millionaire from Nazareth (1979)
 Open Your Mind To Receive (1983, 2008. Released in French in 1997 by Les Éditions Un monde différent)
 Secret of Unlimited Prosperity (1983)
 The Prospering Power of Prayer (1983)
 Dare to Prosper! (1983)
 The Dynamic Laws of Prayer (1987)
 A Prosperity Love Story: Rags to Enrichment (memoir) (2003). DeVorss & Company. pp. 224
 Giving Thanks: The Art of Tithing by Paula Langguth Ryan (foreword  by Catherine Ponder) (2005)
 The Prospering Power of Love (2006 Revised & Updated)

References

External links
Commentary on Ponder's classic The Dynamic Laws of Prosperity
Books by Catherine Ponder
Unity Church Worldwide - Catherine Ponder, Founding Minister

1927 births
Living people
American clergy
American women writers
People from Hartsville, South Carolina


Class 78 may refer to:

 DRG Class 78, a German 4-6-4T tank locomotive class operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and Deutsche Bundesbahn comprising:
 Class 78.0-5: Prussian T 18, Württemberg T 18
 Class 78.6: BBÖ 729
 DB Class 78.10: DB rebuild from the DRG Class 38.10-40


Papyrus 74 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓74, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles and Catholic epistles with lacunae. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 7th century.

Description
 Contents
The surviving texts are verses:
Acts 1:2–28:31 †; James 1:1–5:20 †; 1 Peter 1:1–2, 7–8, 13, 19–20, 25; 2:6–7, 11–12, 18, 24; 3:4–5; 2 Peter 2:21; 3:4, 11, 16; 1 John 1:1, 6; 2:1–2, 7, 13–14, 18–19, 25–26; 3:1–2, 8, 14, 19–20; 4:1, 6–7, 12, 18–19; 5:3–4, 9–10, 17; 2 John 1, 6–7, 13; 3 John 6, 12; Jude 3, 7, 11–12, 16, 24.

 Text
Despite the late date, it is an important manuscript and excellent witness for the book of Acts.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland ascribed it as a "strict text", and placed it in Category I.

 Acts 12:25 it reads εξ Ιερουσαλημ (from Jerusalem) along with A, 33, 69, 630, 2127; majority reads εις Ιερουσαλημ (to Jerusalem);

 It does not contain Acts 15:34 as codices Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, E, Ψ, Byz.

 Acts 20:28 it reads του κυριου (of the Lord) – A C* D E Ψ 33 36 453 945 1739 1891, instead of the Alexandrian του Θεου (of the God), or the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) του κυριου και του Θεου (of the Lord and God).
 Acts 27:16 – καυδα (name of island), this reading is supported only by Vaticanus, 1175, Old-Latin version, Vulgate, and Peshitta.

 Present location
It is currently housed at the Bibliotheca Bodmeriana (P. Bodmer XVII) in Cologny.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri
 Bodmer Papyri

References

Further reading

 Rudolf Kasser, Papyrus Bodmer XVII: Actes des Apôtres, Epîtres de Jacques, Pierre, Jean et Jude (Cologny/Geneva: 1961).

External links

 Robert B. Waltz. NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri 𝔓74.

New Testament papyri
7th-century biblical manuscripts
Acts of the Apostles papyri
Epistle of James papyri
First Epistle of Peter papyri
Second Epistle of Peter papyri
First Epistle of John papyri
Second Epistle of John papyri
Third Epistle of John papyri
Epistle of Jude papyri


The Battle for the Lira was an economic policy undertaken by the Fascists in Italy during the 1920s as an attempt to raise the claims of Italy becoming a great power.

Background
When Benito Mussolini took over as Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 the economy was in a bad state following World War I. Between 1922 and 1925, the financial and economic situation generally improved dramatically and this helped to increase the power of Italy, who strived to be one of the world's leading countries.

Italy wanted to restore some of its purchasing power. But in order for this to happen it was vital that they strengthen the lira. Mussolini took the view that a weak lira would look bad for the country when presenting Italy as a great power across Europe and the United States.

Details

Aims
The policy had a number of aims. These comprised:

to fix the lira at a rate of Lit. 92.46 ("Quota 90") to sterling (£ stg)
to reduce inflation
to confirm the image of Fascism bringing stability
to show the world that Italy could be a great force, with a strong, desirable currency

In October 1922 (when Mussolini first became prime minister), Lit. 90 to £1 stg had been the prevailing rate but it had declined sharply, even reaching Lit. 150 to £1 stg in 1926.

Actions
The policy was confirmed at the Pesaro Speech on 18 August 1926 and was given the name Quota 90, referring to the value they wanted to achieve.

Results

The revaluation hit Italy's export trade, but, by making imports cheaper, benefited heavy industries, such as steel and chemicals, which relied on imported raw materials. These industries later provided the basis for an expanded rearmament industry and so supported the 'active' foreign policy, which became the chief characteristic of the fascist state. Tariffs on undesirable imports such as consumer goods and foodstuffs kept their high price and restricted demand, protecting Mussolini's Battle for Grain policy. However, Italian workers were pressured into accepting wage cuts to match the new value of the lira to the point where wages fell more than food prices and living standards for working-class Italians rapidly declined.

See also
Battle for Land
Battle for Grain
Battle for Births
Economy of Fascist Italy
Quota 90

References

 Celli, Carlo. 2013. Economic Fascism: Primary Sources on Mussolini's Crony Capitalism. Axios Press.
"A Monetary History of Italy" by Michele Fratianni and Franco Spinelli
"Fascist Italy" by John Hite and Chris Hinton
"Mussolini" by Denis Mack Smith

External links
History Learning Site
BBC history

Economic history of Italy
Italian Fascism


Mark Andrew Ronan (born 1947) is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Honorary Professor of Mathematics at University College London. He has lived and taught in: Germany (at the University of Braunschweig and the Free University of Berlin); in England, where from 1989 to 1992 he was Mason Professor of Mathematics at the University of Birmingham; and America at the University of Illinois at Chicago, where his teaching included courses on ancient literature from Mesopotamia, and on the history of the calendar, as well as mathematics.

In addition to his research papers, Ronan's popular account of the quest to discover and classify all the finite building blocks for symmetry (the finite simple groups) was published in 2006. In 2008 it formed the basis for a series of BBC radio broadcasts. In his research work he is an expert on the theory of buildings, with a standard text on the subject, now being reissued in paperback. Apart from his professional work, he has acted in many operas at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, danced in the Nutcracker, and maintains a blog on opera, ballet and theatre reviews.

Bibliography
Lectures on Buildings, original edition, Academic Press 1989; paperback edition, updated and revised, University of Chicago Press 2009.

Symmetry and the Monster, Oxford University Press 2006.

References

External links
Mark Ronan's Homepage
Mark Ronan's Theatre Reviews

20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Group theorists
Academics of University College London
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
Living people
Academic staff of the Technical University of Braunschweig
1947 births