SMS Albatross was a German minelaying cruiser built for the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial  Navy), the second and final member of the . Her keel was laid down in May 1907 at the AG Weser shipyard; she was launched in October and commissioned into the fleet in May 1908. Her armament consisted of eight  guns and 288 naval mines.

Her peacetime career consisted of conducting fleet training exercises and serving as a mine warfare training ship. After the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, Albatross laid several offensive and defensive minefields in the North Sea. She was assigned to the Baltic Sea in 1915, and began a series of operations to block Russian naval operations in the eastern Baltic. These culminated in the Battle of Åland Islands on 2 July, where a group of Russian armored cruisers surprised Albatross and the light cruiser  after they had laid a minefield off the Åland Islands. Albatross was badly damaged in the battle and forced to beach off the island of Gotland in neutral Sweden. The ship was refloated by the Swedes later that month and interned for the remainder of the war, along with her crew. She was returned to Germany in January 1919, was sold for scrap, and broken up in Hamburg.

Design

Albatross was  long overall and had a beam of  and an average draft of  forward. She displaced  normally and up to  at full load. Her crew numbered 10 officers and 191 enlisted men.

Her propulsion system consisted of two triple-expansion steam engines each driving a single screw propeller, with steam supplied by four coal-fired marine-type boilers. The ship's engines were rated to produce a top speed of  from , though Albatross slightly exceeded those figures on speed trials. She had a cruising radius of  at a speed of .

The primary armament for Albatross was a battery of eight  SK L/35 guns in individual mounts. Two were placed side by side on the forecastle, four were placed on the superstructure amidships, with two on each broadside, and the last two were mounted side by side at the stern. She carried 288 naval mines.

Service history
Albatross was built by the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen; her keel was laid down as "mine steamer B" on 24 May 1907, and her completed hull was launched as Albatross just five months later on 23 October. After completing fitting-out work, the ship was commissioned for sea trials on 19 May 1908, which lasted until 25 July. She spent the rest of the year in the minesweeping unit while the older minelayer  was undergoing a major overhaul. Albatross took part in the annual fleet maneuvers in August and September. On 26 October, she became a mine warfare training ship, and she was based in Cuxhaven. The following year followed a similar pattern.

In 1910, Albatross went into drydock at the Kaiserliche Werft (Imperial Shipyard) in Kiel for modernization that included moving the mine-launching equipment to the upper deck. The work lasted into 1911. After she returned to service, Albatross resumed her duties with the mine training school. In 1911, she accidentally rammed the DDG Hansa steamer  damaging her hull and necessitating repairs that took three weeks to complete. From late August to the end of September, Albatross operated in the Baltic Sea. For Albatross, 1912, 1913, and the first half of 1914 passed uneventfully, in the same routine as her first three years in service.

World War I
After the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, Albatross was classified as a mine cruiser. She was temporarily sent to the Baltic Sea to lay defensive minefields against a possible attack by the Russian Baltic Fleet. In late August, Albatross and her sister ship  were sent to lay a minefield off the Humber and the River Tyne. The two minelayers proceeded independently, and were each covered by a light cruiser and half-flotilla of destroyers. Albatrosss group, which included the cruiser , departed from Helgoland early on the morning of 25 August. After arriving, Albatross laid a single mine field that was  long, though she had laid the field to the northwest of the intended location, owing to heavy fog. On the way back to port, the German vessels sank six British fishing vessels.

In June 1915, Albatross was transferred to the Baltic, along with the auxiliary minelayer . Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) Albert Hopman intended to lay a series of offensive minefields to prevent the Baltic Fleet from sortieing to attack German ports. Albatross conducted her first minelaying operation, codenamed V, on 20 June. Escorted by the armored cruisers , , and  and the light cruisers  and , Albatross laid a minefield off the island of Bogskär. The operation was completed and the ships returned to Neufahrwasser on 22 June. Three days later, Albatross, laden with 350 mines, sortied with Prinz Adalbert, Prinz Heinrich, and the light cruiser  to lay another minefield in operation VI. The four ships were screened by eight torpedo boats from X Flotilla. The ships completed the operation and returned to Neufahrwasser at 23:00 on 26 June.

Battle of Åland Islands

The next operation, VII, began on the night of 30 June, when Albatross, Roon, and five torpedo boats steamed out of the Vistula River; they were met the following morning by Augsburg—the flagship of Kommodore (Commodore) Johannes von Karpf—Lübeck, and two more torpedo boats. Albatross was to lay another minefield off Bogskär. Later that day, Roon, Lübeck, and two torpedo boats separated from the rest of the flotilla to guard a channel between German minefields, while Albatross and the rest of the ships continued north to Bogskär. That evening, Albatross laid a field of 160 mines, after which she and Augsburg turned back south and rendezvoused with Roon and Lübeck. Karpf then issued via wireless a report to headquarters that gave his position, speed, and bearing. This message was intercepted and decrypted by the Russians; coincidentally, the Russian fleet had planned an operation to bombard Memel the following day, and several cruisers had put to sea on 1 July.

Four Russian armored cruisers, with the powerful armored cruiser  steaming in support, attempted to ambush the German squadron after receiving word of the intercepted message. Karpf dispersed his force shortly before encountering the Russians; Albatross, Augsburg, and three torpedo boats steamed to Rixhöft while the remainder went to Libau. Shortly after 06:30 on 2 July, lookouts on Augsburg spotted the Russian force; Karpf ordered the slower Albatross to seek refuge in neutral Swedish waters, while Augsburg and the torpedo boats used their high speed to escape the Russians and attempting to recall Roon and Lübeck. The Russian cruisers turned to port to bring their batteries to bear, and opened fire at a range of ; the cruisers  and  engaged Albatross. Heavy fog masked the Russian ships to the German gunners, preventing them from being able to return effective fire.

Karpf ordered the slow Albatross to make for neutral Swedish waters, where theoretically she would be protected from the Russian attack, while he tried to escape with Augsburg to the south. Soon, all four Russian cruisers were firing at Albatross, allowing Augsburg and the torpedo boats to escape freely. At 07:20, Albatross was hit for the first time. As the range closed, the Russian ships came close enough that Albatross could reply with her 8.8 guns, but by this time the Russian fire was beginning to take its toll. The forecastle was riddled with holes, the foremast was knocked down, and the conning tower was destroyed, killing the men inside. At 07:45, Albatross entered Swedish territorial waters, but the Russians continued firing for another twenty minutes, checking their fire only at 08:07 after the ship had reached Östergarn Sound. By this time, the ship was badly damaged and was listing heavily to port. Fearing that the ship would capsize, her captain ordered her to be beached.

In the course of the battle, Augsburg had been hit by six  and twenty  shells. One officer and 26 enlisted men were killed. In return, the ship scored a single hit on , with the shell splinters damaging a  gun and wounding one man. Hopman considered sending a torpedo boat to try to pull Albatross free, but the threat of Russian vessels in the area led him to abandon the idea. Instead, he sortied with Prinz Adalbert and Prinz Heinrich, intending to reinforce Karpf's ships and then to rescue Albatross. While he was en route, the British submarine  torpedoed Prinz Adalbert, badly damaging her and forcing Hopman to break off the operation. Unable to free herself and with no rescue operation forthcoming, Albatross was interned by Sweden for the remainder of the war.

Of the fatalities, 26 of the German sailors were buried the same evening the battle was fought in a mass grave just east of Östergarn Church. One member of the crew had fallen overboard and could not be found. Two of the crew members who died during transportation to Roma were buried at Björke cemetery. The surviving German crew were interned, first in Roma, then at Blåhäll in Tofta. The Swedish salvage company Neptun refloated Albatross on 23 July and towed her to Fårösund before proceeding to Oskarshamn, where she was interned for the duration of the war. Sweden returned Albatross and her crew to Kiel in January 1919; there, she was formally decommissioned on 23 January. On 21 March, she was stricken from the naval register and thereafter sold for 900,000 marks and broken up for scrap in Hamburg.

Footnotes

Notes

Citations

References

Nautilus-class minelayers
Ships built in Bremen (state)
1907 ships
World War I cruisers of Germany
World War I minelayers of Germany
Minelayers of the Imperial German Navy


Jerzy Tomaszewski is the name of:

 Jerzy Tomaszewski (photographer) (1924–2016), Polish photographer and journalist
 Jerzy Tomaszewski (historian) (1930–2014), Polish historian and academic


The Android Package with the file extension apk is the file format used by the Android operating system, and a number of other Android-based operating systems for distribution and installation of mobile apps, mobile games and middleware. A file using this format can be built from source code written in either Java or Kotlin.

APK files can be generated and signed from Android App Bundles.

Overview
APK is analogous to other software packages such as APPX in Microsoft Windows, .app on HAP for HarmonyOS or a Debian package in Debian-based operating systems. To make an APK file, a program for Android is first compiled using a tool such as Android Studio or Visual Studio and then all of its parts are packaged into one container file. An APK file contains all of a program's code (such as .dex files), resources, assets, certificates, and manifest file. As is the case with many file formats, APK files can have any name needed, but it may be required that the file name ends in the file extension for being recognized as such.

Most Android implementations allow users to manually install APK files only after they turn on an "Unknown Sources" setting that allows installation from sources other than trusted ones like Google Play. One may do so for many reasons, such as during the development of apps, to install apps not found on the store, or to install an older version of an existing app.

Use on other operating systems
Blackberry Limited supported Android 4.1 Jelly Bean apps and up through Android Runtime to now discontinued Blackberry 10 through the January 2014 10.2.1 firmware update. On June 18, 2014, BlackBerry announced an official relationship with Amazon.com, which resulted in the 10.3 update bundling the Amazon Appstore.

At 2015 Build, Microsoft had also announced an Android runtime environment for Windows 10 Mobile known as "Astoria", which would allow Android apps to run in an emulated environment with minimal changes, and have access to Microsoft platform APIs such as Bing Maps and Xbox Live as nearly drop-in replacements for equivalent Google Mobile Services. Google Mobile Services and certain core APIs would not be available, and apps with "deep integration into background tasks" were said to poorly support the environment.

On February 25, 2016, after already having delayed it in November 2015, Microsoft announced that "Astoria" would be shelved, arguing that it was redundant to the native Windows Bridge toolkit since iOS is already a primary target for mobile app development. The company also encouraged use of products from Xamarin (which they had acquired the previous day) for multi-platform app development using C# programming language instead. Portions of Astoria were used as a basis for the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) platform on the PC version of Windows 10.

On June 2, 2021, HarmonyOS came with APK compatibility on HarmonyOS 2.0 for smartphones and tablets.

At the Windows 11 announcement event in June 2021, Microsoft showcased the new Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA) that will enable support for the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and will allow users to run Android apps on their Windows desktop. Microsoft confirmed users will be able to sideload Android apps onto Windows and that it would be possible to install APK files downloaded from third-party sources.

Google announced plans in December 2021 to bring Android games to Windows in 2022.

Package contents
An APK file is a ZIP archive that usually contains the following files and directories:
 META-INF directory:
MANIFEST.MF: the Manifest file
 The certificate of the application.
 CERT.SF: The list of resources and a SHA-1 digest of the corresponding lines in the MANIFEST.MF file; for example:Signature-Version: 1.0
Created-By: 1.0 (Android)
SHA1-Digest-Manifest: wxqnEAI0UA5nO5QJ8CGMwjkGGWE=
...
Name: res/layout/exchange_component_back_bottom.xml
SHA1-Digest: eACjMjESj7Zkf0cBFTZ0nqWrt7w=
Name: res/drawable-hdpi/icon.png
SHA1-Digest: DGEqylP8W0n0iV/ZzBx3MW0WGCA=
 lib: the directory containing the compiled code that is platform dependent, for example native libraries that can be loaded through JNI; the directory is split into more directories within it:
 armeabi-v7a: compiled code for all ARMv7 and above based processors only
 arm64-v8a: compiled code for all ARMv8 arm64 and above based processors only
 x86: compiled code for x86 processors only
 x86_64: compiled code for x86-64 processors only
 mips and armeabi, deprecated since NDK r17
 res: the directory containing resources not compiled into resources.arsc (see below).
 assets: a directory containing applications assets, which can be retrieved by AssetManager.
 AndroidManifest.xml: An additional Android manifest file, describing the name, version, access rights, referenced library files for the application. This file may be in Android binary XML that can be converted into human-readable plaintext XML with tools such as AXMLPrinter2, Apktool M, or Androguard.
 classes.dex: The classes compiled in the dex file format executed by Android Runtime (or by Dalvik virtual machine used in Android 4.4 KitKat).
 resources.arsc: a file containing precompiled resources, such as binary XML for example.

See also
 Android software development
 .ipa
 App (file format)

Further reading

References

Application package
Archive formats
Windows 11


Los Creadorez is a regional Mexican band based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and led by Alfredo Ramírez Corral.

History
In 2006, alongside co-founder Ismael Mijarez, Corral put together one of the first stateside duranguense bands, and achieved great success. Los Creadorez del Pasito Duranguense was created when Corral and Mijares left Montéz de Durango, taking most of its members and only leaving the Terrazas family in the band. DISA Latin Music released two singles, "Que Levante La Mano" and "Cada Vez Que Pienso En Ti", both of which made appearances on the Billboard Regional Mexican charts. Los Creadorez interpreted their decade of success and fans' acceptance of their new package as a sign of duranguense’s staying power. As the genre rounded its first ten years, sales increased and interest arose far outside the city of Chicago, and duranguense artists looked to the veterans for direction. Corral and Mijarez – having been around as long as anyone – found themselves in the position of being trend-setters. Los Creadorez's first album, Recio, Recio Mis Creadorez, was released in late January 2007.

On February 23, 2007, they won the Best New Artist award at Premios Lo Nuestro and also performed at the Billboard Music Awards of 2007. They were nominees for Regional Mexican Airplay Track of the Year for "Que Lastima". They performed in several sell-out arenas and stadiums in United States. On a signing meeting, they congregated eight thousand people. In November 2008, they were nominated for a Latin Grammy for their album, "Listos, Montados, Y Armados".

In 2013, as a result of duranguense waning in popularity, the band shortened their name to Los Creadorez and changed to the norteño-banda style. Shortly thereafter, they changed their style to norteño-sax.

Band members
Alfredo Ramírez Corral – lead vocals and keyboards
Ismael Mijares Bustamante – bass guitar and co-ordination
Armando Aguirre  – tambora and percussion
Agustín Fregoso Delgado – backing vocal
Domingo César Ruelas Llamas – trombone and saxophone
Francisco López López – keyboards, sound of Harmonica N364 and tenor saxophone and Pan flute
Miguel Ángel Lara Gómez – drums
José Saúl Lara Gómez – trombone and saxophone

Discography
 2006: Libres
 2007: Recio, Recio Mis Creadorez
 2007: Corridos, Rancheras y Más...
 2008: Listos, Montados y Armados
 2009: En Vivo Desde Durango
 2009: Avanzando en la Vida
 2010: Puras de Jose Alfredo
 2013: Tercia de Ases
 2013: En Vivo Homenaje a José  Alfredo Jimenez
 2013: A Todisima Banda
 2014: Norteño Rancho
 2016: Seguimos de Pie
 2018: Sólo Dejé Yo a Mi Padre
 2020: No Quiero Limosna

References

External links
Los Creadorez official web site

Musical groups from Chicago
American duranguense musicians
Duranguense music groups


The Women's 1,500m T12-13 had its Final was held on September 14 at 10:15.
The 6 first places where in exactly the same other as the 800 metres event.

Medalists

Results

References
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


The Leningrad–Novgorod strategic offensive was a strategic offensive during World War II. It was launched by the Red Army on January 14, 1944 with an attack on the German Army Group North by the Soviet Volkhov and Leningrad fronts, along with part of the 2nd Baltic Front, with a goal of fully lifting the siege of Leningrad. Approximately two weeks later, the Red Army regained control of the Moscow–Leningrad railway, and on January 26, 1944 Joseph Stalin declared that the siege of Leningrad was lifted, and that German forces were expelled from the Leningrad Oblast. The lifting of the 900-day-long blockade was celebrated in Leningrad on that day with a 324-gun salute. The strategic offensive ended a month later on 1 March, when Stavka ordered the troops of the Leningrad Front to a follow-on operation across the Narva River, while the 2nd Baltic was to defend the territory it gained in pursuit of the German XVI Army Corps.

The Germans had suffered nearly 72,000 casualties, lost 85 artillery pieces ranging in caliber from 15 cm to 40 cm, and were pushed back between 60 and 100 kilometers from Leningrad to the Luga River.

Background
After Operation Barbarossa, German troops had encircled Leningrad, and began the siege of Leningrad. Several operations had been designed by the Soviet commanders in the area to liberate the outskirts of Leningrad from the Germans. In the fall of 1943, preparations had begun to design another plan to retake the outskirts of Leningrad from the Germans, after the only partially successful Operation Iskra in January of that year which had followed the failed Sinyavino Offensive of late 1942. The first staff meeting was held on September 9, 1943, two years and a day after the beginning of the siege. Two plans, Neva I and Neva II, were conceived. Neva I was to be implemented if the Germans, pressured on different fronts, withdrew their forces from Leningrad on their own accord to reinforce the pressured areas. Both Stavka and Leningrad believed this was possible. Neva II, therefore, would be implemented if the Germans did not withdraw from Leningrad within the coming months. The offensive would be three-pronged, driving from the foothold at Oranienbaum that had been captured earlier that year, the Pulkovo Heights and from the fortifications around Novgorod. The offensive was planned to start in the winter, when sufficient numbers of troops and artillery could be moved across the ice without incident.

Preparations

Soviet
The Baltic Fleet had been assigned the task of transporting the Second Shock Army under the command of Ivan Fedyuninsky over Lake Ladoga to Oranienbaum. From November 5, 1943 onwards, the Fleet transported 30,000 troops, 47 tanks, 400 artillery pieces, 1,400 trucks and 10,000 tons of ammunition and supplies from the wharves at the Leningrad factories, Kanat and the naval base at Lisy Nos to Oranienbaum. After Lake Ladoga froze, another 22,000 men, 800 trucks, 140 tanks and 380 guns were sent overland to the jump-off point. When the shipments were complete, the artillery was positioned along the entire length of the Leningrad, Second Baltic and Volkhov fronts at a concentration of 200 guns per kilometer, including 21,600 standard artillery pieces, 1,500 Katyusha rocket guns, and 600 anti-aircraft guns. 1,500 planes were also obtained from the Baltic Fleet and from installations around Leningrad. The total number of Soviet personnel prepared for action was 1,241,000, against the 741,000 German troops. A final meeting took place on January 11 in Smolny. General Govorov, the top Soviet commander on the Leningrad Front, had listed his priorities. In order to open up southeastward and eastward main railroad lines from Leningrad, Soviet troops would have to occupy Gatchina, from which they could retake Mga, the minor city and rail station whose capture in 1941 had closed the last railroad route into Leningrad. Govorov positioned his troops accordingly.

German

The situation of the German Army Group North at the end of 1943 had deteriorated to a critical point. The Blue Division and three German divisions had been withdrawn by October, while the Army Group had acquired sixty miles of additional frontage from Army Group Center during the same period. As replacements, Field Marshal Georg von Küchler received the Spanish Blue Legion and three divisions of SS troops. In such a weakened state, the Army Group staff planned a new position to its rear that would shorten the front lines by twenty-five percent and remove the Soviet threats posed in many salients on the current lines. The plan Operation Blue called for a January withdrawal of over 150 miles to the natural defensive barrier formed by the Narva and Velikaya Rivers and Lakes Peipus and Pskov. This position, the so-called "Panther Line", was buttressed by fortifications that had been constructed since September. The retreat would be carried out in stages, using intermediate defensive positions, the most important of which was the Rollbahn Line formed on the October Railway running through Tosno, Lyuban and Chudovo. There the two most exposed Army Corps, the XXVI and XXVIII, would regroup and catch their breath before proceeding farther back to their positions in the Panther Line.

The fate of Army Group North turned for the worse in the new year, for Hitler rejected all proposals for an early withdrawal into the "Panther" position, insisting that the Soviet forces be kept as far as possible from Germany and that they be forced to pay dearly for each meter of ground. Finally, Hitler transferred three more first-rate infantry divisions out of Army Group North to reinforce Erich von Manstein's Army Group South as it reeled back from the Dnieper River under continuous Soviet assault. Field Marshal von Küchler now held an extremely precarious position, and could only await events on the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts with great pessimism.

Combat activity

Krasnoye Selo–Ropsha offensive: 14–31 January 1944

In the late hours of January 13, 1944, long-range bombers from the Baltic Fleet attacked the main German command points on the defensive line. On January 14, troops from both the Oranienbaum foothold and Volkhov Front attacked, followed the next day by troops of the 42nd Army under the command of Ivan Maslennikov from the Pulkovo Heights. An artillery barrage was launched all along the front, laying down 220,000 shells onto the German lines. Fog inhibited major progress for the first few days, although the Second Shock Army and 42nd Army advanced two miles on a seven-mile front while in combat with the 9th and 10th Luftwaffe Field Divisions, and the Volkhov Front pushed the Germans back about three miles. It thawed on the 16th, and the Second Shock Army managed to move forward 23 kilometers. On the 19th, the Second Shock Army captured Ropsha and the 63rd Guards Rifle Division, part of the 42nd Army, drove the Germans out of Krasnoye Selo. By January 26, German troops had been pushed 100 kilometers away from the city, and the Moscow–Leningrad Railroad line had been opened. The next day, Stalin declared the city to have been relieved, and Leningrad celebrated with a red, white and blue salute from 324 Katyusha rocket launchers and artillery pieces at 8 pm, which was inconceivable during the siege due to blackout.

Novgorod–Luga offensive : 14 January – 15 February 1944

On 14 January Soviet troops of the Volkhov Front launched an offensive from the Novgorod area towards Luga against a part of the 18th German Army. The aim was freeing the October Railway and encircling, together with the troops of the Leningrad Front, the main forces of the 18th Army in the Luga region.

The offensive did not develop as rapidly as planned before the operation. The German 18th Army suffered a heavy defeat, but still wasn't destroyed and retained a significant part of its combat potential, which prevented the Soviet troops in the spring of 1944 to break through the Panther–Wotan line and begin the liberation of the Baltics.
One of the reasons for this development was the lack of coordination between the 2nd Baltic Front and the Volkhov Front, which allowed the German command to move significant forces from the 16th Army to the Luga area.

By February 15, the troops of the Volkhov Front, as well as the 42nd and 67th Army of the Leningrad Front, reached Lake Peipus, having pushed the enemy 50–120 kilometers to the West. In total 779 cities and settlements were liberated, including Novgorod, Luga, Batetsky, Oredezh, Mga, Tosno, Lyuban and Chudovo.
The restoration of control over the strategically important railways, especially Kirov and October, was of great importance.

Staraya Russa – Novorzhev Offensive : 18 February – 1 March 1944

On 18 February, Soviet troops of the 2nd Baltic Front, carried out this operation in cooperation with part of the Leningrad Front against the German 16th Army of Army Group "North" with the aim of liberating the area southwest of Lake Ilmen and creating the conditions for further offensives.
As a result of the operation, the Soviet troops, pursuing the retreating enemy, advanced up to 180 kilometers to the West, liberating many cities and towns, including Staraya Russa, Novorzhev, Dno and Putoshka.

Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive : 1 February – 1 March 1944

Overview

Aftermath

References

Bibliography

Conflicts in 1944
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
1944 in Russia
January 1944 events
February 1944 events
March 1944 events
Siege of Leningrad


Dacko may refer to:

 David Dacko (1930–2003), first President of the Central African Republic
 Ryan Dacko (born 1978), independent filmmaker based in Syracuse, New York
 Scott Dacko, Screenwriter and director


Jerzy Tomaszewski (October 8, 1930 – November 3, 2014) was a Polish political scientist and historian, born in Radomsko. He graduated from the Warsaw School of Economics and worked there, later moving on to the Warsaw University of Life Science, and finally to Warsaw University. He specialized in the economic history of Poland and the Polish-Jewish history and relations. He authored many books together with his colleague from the Warsaw School of Economics, Zbigniew Landau.

Since 1990, Tomaszewski has been employed in the Department of History at Warsaw University, where he worked on history of Jews in Poland.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers


This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Shasta County, California.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Shasta County, California, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in an online map.

There are 29 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

Current listings

|}

See also

List of National Historic Landmarks in California
National Register of Historic Places listings in California
California Historical Landmarks in Shasta County, California

References

Shasta


Ta-Nehisi Paul Coates ( ; born September 30, 1975) is an American author and journalist. He gained a wide readership during his time as national correspondent at The Atlantic, where he wrote about cultural, social, and political issues, particularly regarding African Americans and white supremacy.

Coates has worked for The Village Voice, Washington City Paper, and Time. He has contributed to The New York Times Magazine, The Washington Post, The Washington Monthly, O, and other publications.

He has published three non-fiction books: The Beautiful Struggle, Between the World and Me, and We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy. Between the World and Me won the 2015 National Book Award for Nonfiction. He has also written a Black Panther series and a Captain America series for Marvel Comics. His first novel, The Water Dancer, was published in 2019.

In 2015 he received a Genius Grant from the MacArthur Foundation.

Early life
Coates was born in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, William Paul Coates (known by his middle name), was a Vietnam War veteran, former Black Panther, publisher, and librarian. His mother, Cheryl Lynn Coates (née Waters), was a teacher. Coates's father founded and ran Black Classic Press, a publishing company specializing in African-American titles. The Press grew out of a grassroots organization, the George Jackson Prison Movement (GJPM), which initially operated a Black bookstore called the Black Book. Later, Black Classic Press was established with a table-top printing press in the basement of the Coates family home.

Coates's father had seven children, five boys and two girls, by four women. Coates's father's first wife had three children, Coates's mother had two boys, and the other two women each had a child. The children were raised together in a close-knit family; most lived with their mothers and at times lived with their father. Coates has said that he lived with his father for the entirety of his upbringing, and that, in his family, the important overarching focus was on rearing children with values based on family, respect for elders and being a contribution to your community, an approach to family that was common in the community where he grew up. Coates grew up in the Mondawmin neighborhood of Baltimore during the crack epidemic.

Coates's interest in literature was instilled at an early age when his mother, in response to bad behavior, would require him to write essays. His father's work with the Black Classic Press was a huge influence. Coates has said that he read many of the books his father published.
 Coates attended a number of Baltimore-area schools, including William H. Lemmel Middle School and Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, before graduating from Woodlawn High School. He attended Howard University, leaving after five years to start a career in journalism. He is the only child in his family without a college degree. In mid-2014, Coates attended an intensive program in French at Middlebury College to prepare for a writing fellowship in Paris, France.

Career

Journalism
Coates's first journalism job was as a reporter at The Washington City Paper; his editor was David Carr. From 2000 to 2007, Coates worked as a journalist with various publications, including Philadelphia Weekly, The Village Voice, and Time. His first article for The Atlantic, "This Is How We Lost to the White Man", about Bill Cosby and conservatism, started a new, more successful and stable phase of his career. The article led to an appointment with a regular column for The Atlantic, a blog that was popular, influential, and had a high level of community engagement.

Coates became a senior editor at The Atlantic, for which he wrote feature articles as well as maintaining his blog. Topics covered by the blog included politics, history, race, culture as well as sports, and music. His writings on race, such as his September 2012 The Atlantic cover piece "Fear of a Black President" and his June 2014 feature "The Case for Reparations", have been especially praised, and won his blog a place on the Best Blogs of 2011 list by Time magazine and the 2012 Hillman Prize for Opinion & Analysis Journalism from The Sidney Hillman Foundation. His blog has been praised for its engaging comments section, which Coates curates and moderates heavily so that "the jerks are invited to leave [and] the grown-ups to stay and chime in."
 In discussing The Atlantic article on "The Case for Reparations", Coates said he had worked on it for almost two years. He had read Rutgers University professor Beryl Satter's book, Family Properties: Race, Real Estate, and the Exploitation of Black Urban America, a history of redlining that included a discussion of the grassroots organization the Contract Buyers League, of which Clyde Ross was one of the leaders. The focus of the article was not so much on reparations for slavery, but was instead a focus on the institutional racism of housing discrimination.

Coates has worked as a guest columnist for The New York Times, having turned down an offer from them to become a regular columnist. He has written for The Washington Post, the Washington Monthly, and O magazine.

Coates left his position as a national correspondent for The Atlantic in July 2018 after a decade with the magazine. In a memo to the staff, the editor in chief, Jeffrey Goldberg, said: "The last few years for him have been years of significant changes. He's told me that he would like to take some time to reflect on these changes, and to figure out the best path forward, both as a person and as a writer."

Author

The Beautiful Struggle
In 2008, Coates published The Beautiful Struggle, a memoir about coming of age in West Baltimore and its effect on him. In the book, he discusses the influence of his father W. Paul Coates, a former Black Panther; the prevailing street crime of the era and its effects on his older brother; his own troubled experience attending Baltimore-area schools; and his eventual graduation and enrollment in Howard University. The lack of interpersonal skills and the complexity of Coates's father figure in the book sheds light on a world of absentee fathers. As Rich Benjamin states in a September 2016 article in The Guardian, "Fatherhood is a vexed topic, particularly so for an author such as Coates" and continues with "The Beautiful Struggle makes an enduring genre cliche—the father-son relationship—unexpected and new, as well as offering a vital insight into Coates's coming of age as a man and thinker."

Between the World and Me

Coates's second book, Between the World and Me, was published in July 2015. The title is drawn from a Richard Wright poem of the same name about a black man discovering the site of a lynching and becoming incapacitated with fear, creating a barrier between himself and the world. Coates said that one of the origins of the book was the death of a college friend, Prince Carmen Jones Jr., who was shot by police in a case of mistaken identity. One of the themes of the book was what physically affected African-American lives, such as their bodies being enslaved, violence that came from slavery, and various forms of institutional racism. The book won the 2015 National Book Award for Nonfiction and was a finalist for the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction. The book was ranked 7th on The Guardian's list of the 100 best books of the 21st century.

Black Panther
In 2016, Coates was the writer of the sixth volume of Marvel Comics' Black Panther series, which teamed him with artist Brian Stelfreeze. Issue #1 went on sale April 6, 2016, and sold an estimated 253,259 physical copies, the best-selling comic for the month of April 2016. He also wrote a spinoff of Black Panther—Black Panther and the Crew—that ran for six issues before it was canceled. In 2018, Coates announced he would be writing a ninth volume of the Captain America series, which would team him with artists Leinil Yu and Alex Ross.

We Were Eight Years in Power

Coates's collection of previously published essays on the Obama era, We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy, was announced by Random House, with a release date of October 3, 2017. Coates added essays written especially for the book bridging the gaps between the previously-published essays, as well as an introduction and an epilogue. The book's title is a quote from 19th-century African-American congressman Thomas E. Miller of South Carolina, who asked why white Southerners hated African Americans after all the good they had done during the Reconstruction Era. Coates sees parallels between that earlier period and the Obama presidency.

The Water Dancer

Coates's first novel and work of fiction, The Water Dancer, was published in 2019. It is a surrealist story set in the time of slavery and centers around a superhuman protagonist named Hiram Walker who possesses photographic memory but who cannot remember his mother. Walker is also able to transport people over far distances by using a power known as "conduction," which involves folding the Earth like fabric and allows him to travel across large areas via waterways. The novel is also an Oprah's Book Club selection.

Teaching
Coates was the 2012–2014 MLK visiting scholar for writing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He joined the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism as its journalist-in-residence in late 2014. In 2017, Coates joined the faculty of New York University's Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute as a Distinguished Writer in Residence. In 2021, Coates joined the Howard University faculty as writer-in-residence in the College of Arts and Sciences and holds the Sterling Brown chair in the English Department.

Projects
As of 2019, Coates was working on America in the King Years, which is a television project with David Simon, Taylor Branch, and James McBride. The project is about Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement, based on one of the volumes of the books America in the King Years written by Branch, specifically At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–1968. The project will be produced by Oprah Winfrey and air on HBO.

Coates is working on a novel about an African American from Chicago who moves to Paris.

Coates is set to adapt Rachel Aviv's 2014 The New Yorker article "Wrong Answer" into a full-length feature film of the same title, starring Michael B. Jordan with direction by Ryan Coogler.

In February 2021, it was reported that Coates had been hired to write the script of a new Superman feature film from DC Films and Warner Bros. Pictures, with J. J. Abrams producing.

Views on race in the United States
In an interview with Ezra Klein, Coates outlined his analysis that the extent of white identity expression in the United States serves as a critical factor in threat perceptions of certain European Americans and their response to political paradigm shifts related to African Americans, such as the presidency of Barack Obama.

Personal life

Coates's first name, Ta-Nehisi, is derived from an Ancient Egyptian language name for Nubia. Nubia is a region along the Nile river in present-day northern Sudan and southern Egypt.

As a child, Coates enjoyed comic books and Dungeons & Dragons.

Coates lived in Paris for a residency. In 2009, he lived in Harlem with his wife, Kenyatta Matthews, and son, Samori Maceo-Paul Coates. His son's name is a reference to three people: Samori Ture, a Mandé chief who fought French colonialism, black Cuban revolutionary Antonio Maceo Grajales, and Coates's father, who was known by his middle name of Paul. Coates met his wife when they were both students at Howard University. He is an atheist and a feminist. With his family, Coates moved to Prospect Lefferts Gardens, Brooklyn, New York, in 2001. They purchased a brownstone in Prospect Lefferts Gardens in 2016, although they did not move into the brownstone due to media attention that accompanied the purchase. In 2016, he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa at Oregon State University.

In December 2017, Coates, who had a following of more than 1.25 million Twitter users, deactivated his Twitter account after a disagreement with philosopher and activist Cornel West over West's editorial in The Guardian, titled "Ta-Nehisi Coates is the neoliberal face of the black freedom struggle".

Coates caused some controversy in 2021 for his writing of Captain America, volume 9 #28, in which he depicted the Nazi super-villain Red Skull espousing the writings of the Canadian conservative clinical psychologist Jordan Peterson. Peterson stated that his work was used out of context in order to portray him negatively, describing it as an "attack" on himself.

Awards
 2012: Hillman Prize for Opinion and Analysis Journalism
 2013: National Magazine Award for Essays and Criticism for "Fear of a Black President"
 2014: George Polk Award for Commentary for "The Case for Reparations"
 2015: Harriet Beecher Stowe Center Prize for Writing to Advance Social Justice for "The Case for Reparations"
 2015: American Library in Paris Visiting Fellowship
 2015: National Book Award for Nonfiction for Between the World and Me
 2015: Fellow of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
 2015: Kirkus Prize for Nonfiction for Between the World and Me
 2018: Dayton Literary Peace Prize in Nonfiction for We Were Eight Years in Power
 2018: Eisner Award for Best Limited Series, for Black Panther: World of Wakanda (with Roxane Gay and Alitha E. Martinez)
 2020: British Fantasy Society Sydney J. Bounds Award for The Water Dancer

Bibliography

Monographs
 Asphalt Sketches (poetry). Baltimore, Maryland: Sundiata Publications, 1990. .
 The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2008.
 Between the World and Me: Notes on the First 150 Years in America. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2015.
 We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy. New York: One World, October 3, 2017.

Comics
 Black Panther vol. 6 #1–18, #166–172 (2016–2018)
 A Nation Under Our Feet Book 1 (TPB, 144 pages, 2016, )
 A Nation Under Our Feet Book 2 (TPB, 144 pages, 2017, )
 A Nation Under Our Feet Book 3 (TPB, 144 pages, 2017, )
 Avengers of the New World Book 1 (TPB, 144 pages, 2017, )
 Avengers of the New World Book 2 (TPB, 136 pages, 2018, )
 Black Panther vol. 7, #1–25 (2018–2021)
 Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 1 (TPB, 136 pages, 2019, )
 Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 2 (TPB, 136 pages, 2019, )
 Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 3 (TPB, 136 pages, 2020, )
 Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda Part 4 (TPB, 176 pages, 2021, )
 Black Panther: World of Wakanda #1–6 (2016) (with Roxane Gay, Yona Harvey)
 Vol. 1: Dawn of the Midnight Angels (TPB, 144 pages, 2017, )
 Black Panther and the Crew #1–6 (2017) (with Yona Harvey)
 Vol. 1: We Are the Streets (TPB, 136 pages, 2017, )
 Captain America vol. 9 #1–30 (2018–2021)
 Winter in America (TPB, 152 pages, 2019, )
 Captain of Nothing (TPB, 144 pages, 2019, )
 The Legend of Steve (TPB, 152 pages, 2020, )
 All Die Young (TPB, 144 pages, 2021, )
 Free Comic Book Day Vol 2018 Avengers

Selected articles
 "Promises of an Unwed Father". O: the Oprah Magazine. January 2006.
 "American Girl". The Atlantic. January/February 2009. Profile on Michelle Obama.
 "A Deeper Black". Early, Gerald Lyn, and Randall Kennedy. Best African American Essays, 2010. New York: One World, Ballantine Books, 2010. pp. 15–22.
 "Why Do So Few Blacks Study the Civil War?" The Atlantic. The Civil War Issue. February 2012.
 "Fear of a Black President". Bennet, James. The Best American Magazine Writing 2013. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. pp. 3–32.
 "How Learning a Foreign Language Reignited My Imagination: Pardon my French". The Atlantic. Vol. 311, Issue 5. June 2013. pp. 44–45
 "The Case for Reparations". The Atlantic. June 2014.
 "There Is No Post-Racial America". The Atlantic. July/August 2015.
 "The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration". The Atlantic. October 2015.
 "My President Was Black". The Atlantic. December 2016.
 "The First White President". The Atlantic. October 2017.
 "I'm Not Black, I'm Kanye". The Atlantic. May 2018.

Fiction
 The Water Dancer. One World. September 24, 2019. .

Short fiction
 "Conduction". The New Yorker. June 3, 2019.

Multimedia
 with Richard Harrington, Nelson George, and Kojo Nnamdi. Hip Hop. Washington, D.C.: WAMU, American University, 1999.  Audio conversation recorded January 29, 1999, at WAMU-FM, Washington, D.C.
 with Stephen Colbert. "Ta-Nehisi Coates". The Colbert Report. June 16, 2014.
 with Ezra Klein. Vox Conversations: Should America offer reparations for slavery?" Vox. July 18, 2014.
 The Case for Reparations. Middlebury, Vt.: Middlebury College, 2015.  Video of lecture delivered at Middlebury College on March 4, 2015.
 with Amy Goodman. "Between the World and Me: Ta-Nehisi Coates Extended Interview on Being Black in America". Democracy Now!. July 22, 2015.
 with Jon Stewart. "Exclusive – Ta-Nehisi Coates Extended Interview" "Pt. 1" and "Pt. 2". The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. July 23, 2015.
 with Amy Goodman. Ta-Nehisi Coates: "Joe Biden Shouldn’t Be President". Democracy Now!. June 20, 2019.

References

External links

 Ta-Nehisi Coates at The Atlantic

1975 births
21st-century American essayists
21st-century American memoirists
African-American atheists
African-American bloggers
African-American comics creators
African-American feminists
African-American memoirists
African-American non-fiction writers
African-American novelists
Afrofuturist writers
American atheists
American bloggers
American comics creators
American comics writers
American feminists
American male bloggers
American male non-fiction writers
American political writers
American reparationists
Atheist feminists
The Atlantic (magazine) people
Culture of Baltimore
CUNY Graduate School of Journalism faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
George Polk Award recipients
Howard University alumni
Howard University faculty
Living people
MacArthur Fellows
Male feminists
Marvel Comics writers
Kirkus Prize winners
National Book Award winners
The New Yorker people
Vanity Fair (magazine) people
Writers from Baltimore
Yaddo alumni


The term is also a female form of Basileus
Basilis () was a town of ancient Arcadia in the district Parrhasia. It was situated on the river Alpheus. According to Greek mythology, it was said to have been founded by the Arcadian king Cypselus. Its location has been identified with a site east of the modern village Kyparissia, north of Megalopoli. It lay between the towns Trapezus and Thocnia. There was a sanctuary of the Eleusinian Demeter. The village was already in ruins when Pausanias visited the area in the 2nd century.

Basilis is also a popular name among orthodox Christians (Greek: Βασίλης).

References

Populated places in ancient Arcadia
Former populated places in Greece
Parrhasia


The following is a list of albums, EPs, and mixtapes released in 2009. These albums are (1) original, i.e. excluding reissues, remasters, and compilations of previously released recordings, and (2) notable, defined as having received significant coverage from reliable sources independent of the subject.

For additional information about bands formed, reformed, disbanded, or on hiatus, for deaths of musicians, and for links to musical awards, see 2009 in music.

First quarter

January

February

March

Second quarter

April

May

June

Third quarter

July

August

September

Fourth quarter

October

November

December

References

Albums
2009


Amos Alfred Fries (1873–1963) was a general in the United States Army and 1898 graduate of the United States Military Academy. Fries was the second chief of the army's Chemical Warfare Service, established during World War I. Fries served under John J. Pershing in the Philippines and oversaw the construction of the roads and bridges in Yellowstone National Park. He eventually became an important commander in World War I. After he retired from the Army in 1929, Fries wrote two anti-communist books. He died in 1963 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

Early life
Amos Alfred Fries was born March 17, 1873, in Viroqua, Wisconsin. His family moved to Missouri after he was born and then moved to Oregon. Fries earned an appointment to the United States Military Academy and graduated there in 1898.

Military career

After graduating West Point Fries joined the Army Corps of Engineers and served in the Philippines during the Philippine–American War. During that time he saw combat under the leadership of Captain John J. Pershing, later the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) commander during World War I. From 1914 to 1917 Fries oversaw the construction of roads and bridges in Yellowstone National Park; he gained some notoriety for that work.

Fries arrived in Europe as World War I raged, he expected to do more engineering work but was instead thrust into heading the fledgling Gas Service Section, AEF. The Gas Service Section was mostly constituted by the 1st Gas Regiment (originally the 30th Engineer Regiment (Gas and Flame)) and Fries commanded the section. He became the chief of the Overseas Division of the Chemical Warfare Service in 1919, and when William L. Sibert retired in 1919, Fries became the first peacetime overall chief of the Chemical Warfare Service the following year. He served at that post until he retired from the Army in 1929. For his work with the Chemical Warfare Service he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.

"Anti-communism" and chemical warfare advocacy
During the "interwar period", the Chemical Warfare Service maintained its arsenal despite public pressure and presidential wishes in favor of disarmament. Fries viewed calls for chemical disarmament as a Communist plot. As CWS chief, Fries created a secret military intelligence unit within the Chemical Warfare Service to monitor domestic subversion. Fries accused the National Council for Prevention of War (NCPW) of being a Communist front. He also leveled similar accusations at Florence Watkins, the executive secretary of the National Congress of Parent Teacher Associations. The pressure generated by Fries' accusations led to the National Congress of Parent Teacher Associations withdrawing its membership in the NCPW. The General Federation of Women's Clubs took the same action.

In 1923 Fries' office distributed a "spider chart" to "patriotic groups" across the United States. The chart intended to show that all women's societies and church groups be regarded with suspicion concerning links to radical groups and Communist leadership. The spider chart listed 21 individual women and 17 organizations, among them the Daughters of the American Revolution. Later in his life, Fries wrote two anti-communist books, Communism Unmasked, published in 1937,  and Sugar Coating Communism.

Later life and death
Fries died on December 30, 1963, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Selected publications
 Chemical Warfare (1921), co-authored with Clarence J. West
 Communism Unmasked (1937)
 Sugar Coating Communism: A Plea for God and Country, Home and Family (c. 1930)
 Sugar Coating Communism for Protestant Churches: Chart Showing Interlocking Membership of Churchmen, Socialists, Pacifists, Internationalists, and Communists (chart – 1923)

Notes

Further reading
 Fries, Amos A. "Address by Major General Amos A. Fries Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service at the Opening Exercises Army Industrial College, September 1, 1925", National Defense University, Library, accessed October 21, 2008.
 Fries, Amos A. Communism Unmasked, (Google Books), originally published 1937, Kessinger Publishing, 2007, ().

External links
 Amos Alfred Fries, ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website

1873 births
1963 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Military Academy alumni
People from Viroqua, Wisconsin
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
United States Army generals of World War I
United States Army generals
Chemical warfare
Writers from Missouri
Writers from Oregon
Writers from Wisconsin
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Military personnel from Wisconsin
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel


Bricker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Calvin Bricker, Canadian athlete
 Clifford Bricker, Canadian long-distance runner
 Erika Bricker, American swimmer
 John W. Bricker, United States Senator and Governor of Ohio
 Karl Bricker, Swiss cross country skier
 Pam Bricker, jazz singer
 Victoria Bricker (born 1940), American anthropologist and ethnographer

See also

 Bricker Amendment, collective name of a series of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution
 Bricker end-to-side anastomosis, widely used technique for performing ureteroenteric anastomosis
 Bricker & Eckler, Ohio law firm
 The Bricker Building, historic building in Los Angeles, California, USA.


The following is a list of radio stations owned by Audacy, Inc.  As of June 2023, Audacy (then known as Entercom) operates 227 radio stations in 45 media markets across the United States.

On February 2, 2017, Entercom announced that it had agreed to acquire CBS Radio. The purchase gave Entercom operations in 23 of the top 25 markets, making it the second-largest owner of radio stations in the United States, behind only iHeartMedia. The merger became official on November 17, 2017.

Arizona

California

Colorado

Connecticut

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Kansas

Louisiana

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Missouri

Nevada

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

Washington

Wisconsin

References

Audacy


Ammassalik Fjord (old spelling: Angmagssalik Fjord) is a  long fjord in the Sermersooq municipality in southeastern Greenland.

Geography
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The head of the fjord at  is formed by the confluence of two narrow, tributary fjords: Qingertivaq Fjord and Tasiilaq Fjord (one of two fjords of that name). The fjord has a north-to-south orientation in its northern part, to then turn midway to the south-west-south at approximately . While the shores of the northern part separate peninsulas of the mainland of Greenland, the southern, progressively wider half of the fjord separates the large Ammassalik Island in the west from islands of the eponymous Ammassalik Archipelago in the east and southeast, including the largest, Apusiaajik Island.

The fjord is joined by narrow waterways with other waterbodies in the region: the Ikaasartivaq Strait separating Ammassalik Island from the mainland connects the fjord to the wider Sermilik Fjord in the west, while the Torsuut Tunoq sound and the Ikaasaartik Strait connect the fjord to the open North Atlantic.

Settlement

History
Gustav Holm writes that in the winter of 1884–5, there were 225 Inuit living on the fjord in seven villages:
Tasiusarsik kangigdlek (35), near the western mouth of the fjord
Kangarsik (34) and Norsit (25), on Kulusuk Island
Umivik (19) and Kumarmiut (28), on Apusiaajik Island
Ingmikertok (37), on a small island near Kumarmiut
Norajik (47), on the island at the end of the wider, outer part of the fjord

Present day
There are three settlements in the vicinity of the fjord. The only village on the mainland is Kuummiit, located on the central fjord's eastern coast, perched on the tip of a partially glaciated peninsula. The main settlement of the Ammassalik archipelago is the town of Tasiilaq, located on the island of Ammassalik, near the mouth of the tributary Tasiilaq Fjord (), just south of the mouth of Ammassalik Fjord. Further to the southeast, Kulusuk village occupies the northern shore of Kulusuk Island.

References

Fjords of Greenland


Pat et Stanley (, , , , ) is an animated series that appeared as part of the children's television programme TFOU on the French network TF1. The show is animated by Mac Guff and created by Pierre Coffin, who would later on co-direct Despicable Me at the same studio via Illumination Entertainment.

Pat the brown hippopotamus and Stan the yellow dog have appeared in 39 short episodes as well as the 26-minute movie Pat et Stanley: Le Trésor de Pit et Mortimer (Pat and Stanley: The Treasure of Pit and Mortimer, 2006). Outside France, the duo are most famous for the short clip in which Pat is seen singing "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". The clip appeared in Italy in a commercial by Ferrero's Kinder chocolates; they also produced a "Happy Hippo" shaped chocolate snack. It also appeared in Indonesia as a filler of local TV channel based at Sukamara Regency, Central Kalimantan, Sukamara Jaya Television (SJTV), of which the original audio has been completely replaced with a normal dialogue that include fat-shaming.

Two English dubs have also been made, one broadcast on CITV and Pop in the United Kingdom, with Pat and Stan being voiced by Jay Simon and John Telfer respectively and another on Kids' WB (later known as The CW4Kids and then, Toonzai) and also The Shorts on Cartoon Network in the United States, where Pat and Stan were voiced by Dan Green and David Wills respectively and under two Dutch versions on Jetix in the Netherlands and on Ketnet in Flanders. Pat and Stanley are now featured in many unofficial online videos singing English (as well as international) songs. It was on Cartoon Network's website from December 5, 2014 to April 11, 2015.

Characters

Main
 Patrick "Pat" The Hippopotamus (voiced by Dan Green) - a brown hippopotamus
 Stanley "Stan" D. Dog (voiced by David Wills) - a yellow dog

Episodes

Season 1
 Bath Time (Jour de bain)
 Cyber Stuart (Cyber Jean Luc)
 Mosquito Warning (Attention moustique)
 Wild Camping (Camping très sauvage)
 The Pool (La piscine)
 Artists (Pat et Stan artistes)
 My Friend Helmut (Mon ami Helmut)
 Super Loser (Super Blaireaux)
 The Death of Norbert (La disparition de Norbert)
 Pat Keeps the Rabbits (Pat, garde lapins)
 Double Pat (Double Pat)
 A Button on the Nose (Un bouton sur le nez)
 The Band Wagon (Tous en scène)

Season 2
 The Gamma Zapper (La zapette gamma)
 Babysitters (Baby-sitter)
 Stuart Does Everything (Jean-Luc fait tout)
 Aunt Martha Moves (Tante Marthe s'installe)
 Roll With It (Roule ma poule)
 True False Bobo (Vrai faux bobo)
 Sting Recall (Piqûre de rappel)
 Stephanie Love (Stéphanie amoureuse)
 Micro Stan (Microstan)
 The Hamster of Bengal (Le hamster du Bengale)
 In Search of Lost Treasure (À la recherche du trésor perdu)
 Poles (Pat et Stan aux antipodes)
 Dig-o-mania (Creusomania)

Season 3
 Stan Phone Home (Stan téléphone maison)
 Astro-Spountz (Le cosmospountz)
 One Night Dog (Une nuit de chien)
 The Return of Stuart (Le retour de Jean-Luc)
 Aunt Martha Comes to Dinner (Tante Marthe vient dîner)
 Pat's Pet (La bébête à Papat)
 Nasalation (Liaison nasale)
 A Short Break (Une petite pause)
 The Great Vacation (Les grandes vacances)
 Egg Surprise (Oeuf surprise)
 The Ghost of Aunt Party (Le fantôme de Mamy Madeleine)
 Scare Me If You Can (Fais moi peur)
 Grand Hotel (Grand hôtel)

References

External links
 Pierre Coffin. Retrieved on February 8, 2009. Creator's website.
 Mac Guff.  Paris, France: MacGuff Ligne.  Production company website.
 TFou.  Paris, France: TF1.  Retrieved on February 8, 2009.  Parent show's website (in French).

2000s French television miniseries
French children's animated comedy television series
Animated television series about dogs
Fictional hippopotamuses
French computer-animated television series
2004 French television series debuts
2010 French television series endings
2000s French animated television series
Television series by Entertainment One


The Syrian Air Defence Force (SyADF or SADF), officially the Syrian Arab Air Defence Force (SyAADF or SAADF; ) is an independent command within the Syrian Armed Forces. It is responsible for protecting the Syrian airspace against any hostile air attacks. The SyADF is one of the most powerful and combat-tested Air Defence forces in the region.

It has been merged into and then separated from both the Syrian Arab Army and the Syrian Arab Air Force. The Syrian Air Defence Force controls four Air Defence corps, eleven Air Defence divisions and thirty-six Air Defence brigades, each with six surface-to-air missile battalions. Since 2017, it has been linked to a joint Russian-Syrian command.

It is equipped with 650 static S-75 Dvina, S-125 Neva/Pechora and S-200 launchers, 300 mobile 2K12 Kub, Pantsir S-1 and Buk launchers and over 4,000 anti-aircraft guns ranging from 23mm to 100mm in calibre (e.g. ZSU-23-4 Shilka). There are also two independent 9K33 Osa SAM regiments, each with four batteries of 48 mobile SAMs. An unknown number of S-300 system were delivered to Syria in 2018.

A large number of Iranian Air Defence systems were delivered to the country in 2021: Mersad, Khordad-3, Bavar-373 and Khordad-15 systems.

The Syrian early warning system comprises Long Track; P-12 Spoon Rest; P-14 Tall King; H-15 Flat Face; P-18 Spoon Rest; P-30 Big Mesh; P-35 Bar Lock; P-80 Back Net; YLC-6 Radar; JY-27; JYL-1; PRV-13; PRV-16 Thin Skin; Alborz mobile and static radar sites throughout Syria.

Current structure and organization

 40,000 active personnel
 15,000 reserve personnel
 Ten Air Defence Division HQ
 Thirty-three Air Defence Brigade
 One hundred and fifty Air Defence Batteries
Twenty-five defence teams (130 batteries)

Including:
 Self-propelled
 62 batteries:
 11 teams - 27 batteries - SA-6 Gainful (PU SAM 2K12 Square);
 14 Battery - SA-8 Gecko (PU SAM 9K33 Osa);
 12 Battery - SA-22 Greyhound (96K6 Pantsyr S1E);
 9 Battery - Buk-M2
 Towed
 11 teams - 60 batteries with SA-2 Guideline (CP-75 Dvina / S-75M Volga) and SA-3 Goa (S-125 Neva / S-125M Pechora) (Being upgraded);
 Two SAM regiments with SA-5 Gammon(in each brigade to 2 divisions for 2 batteries each).
 Four SAM battalions
 Eight Static/Shelter SAM batteries
 Two independent SAM Regiments
 Four SAM batteries with SA-8

Inventory

Electronic warfare systems

Combat history

In October 1973, the Syrian Air Defence Force (SyADF) shot down numerous Israeli warplanes using mostly the 2K12 Kub (SA-6) SAMs.

In 1982, Israel claimed that 19 of 20 batteries, consisting of five launchers per battery, each launcher carrying three SA-6 missiles, were wiped out in Operation Mole Cricket 19, and the SyADF claimed to have shot down 43 Israeli warplanes over Lebanon in the same year.

On 22 June 2012, the Syrian Air Defence Force shot down a Turkish McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II reconnaissance jet. The jet's pilots were killed; both Turkish and Syrian forces searched for them before recovering their bodies in early July. The incident greatly escalated the tensions between Turkey and Syria.

In mid-November 2013, Turkish sources claimed the SyADF targeted, for ten seconds, three Turkish F-16 fighters that were flying near Dörtyol, over southern Hatay province after deploying from the Incirlik and Merzifon airbases. The incident came after a Turkish F-16 shot down a Syrian Mi-17 helicopter on September 16 after Turkey claimed it crossed into Turkish airspace in the same area.

On 17 March 2015, a US MQ-1 Predator drone was shot down by a Syrian S-125 missile.

On 13 September 2016, the Syrian Army claimed to have downed an Israeli warplane and a drone after an attack on Quneitra province. The Israel defence Forces denied any such loss.

On 17 March 2017, the Syrian Armed Forces claimed to have downed an Israeli warplane after an attack on military site near Palmyra. The Israel defence Forces denied any such loss.

On February 10, 2018, Israel launched air strikes against targets in Syria with eight fighter aircraft as retaliation for a UAV incursion into the airspace of the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights earlier in the day. Syrian Air Defences succeeded in shooting down one of the Israeli jets, an F-16I Sufa, with an S-200 missile. The jet crashed in the Jezreel Valley, near Harduf. Both the pilot and the navigator managed to eject.

On April 14, 2018, the Syrian Air Defences claimed to repel massive US, British and French missile strike on Syrian military facilities. Three civilians were injured, among civilians and military none. The SyADF used 112 anti-aircraft missiles, hitting 71 targets out of 103 (according to the Russian MoD). To repel the attack, the following complexes were used: S-125, S-200, Buk, Kub, Osa, Strela-10 and Pantsir S-1.

On the night of May 10, 2018, Israel launched a large scale air attack on multiple, alleged Iranian targets in Syria. After being engaged by the SyADF, the Israeli aircraft attacked and destroyed a Pantsir-S1 launcher, as well as several other anti-aircraft systems (SA5, SA2, SA22, SA17) .

On September 17, 2018, four Israeli F-16s engaged targets in the Syrian port city of Latakia, to which Syrian Air Defences responded. During the Israeli attack, a Russian Il-20 aircraft was mistakenly destroyed by an S-200 missile launched by the SyADF. All fifteen crewmembers of the Il-20 died as a result. Russian military claimed, Israeli Air Force pilots took shelter behind the IL-20, this exposing the Russian aircraft to the Syrian missile attack.

In February and March 2020, Turkey Air force F-16 fighters and combat UAVs launched airstrikes on Syrian Army positions in Greater Idlib region in retaliation for the Balyun Airstrike. Syrian Air Defence Forces stated they succeeded in shooting down 13 Turkish combat UAVs, including 7 Bayraktar TB2 and 6 TAI Anka.

On July 19, 2021, four F-16 fighter jets of the Israeli Air Force entered Syria’s airspace via the US-controlled al-Tanf zone and fired eight guided missiles at an area southeast of Syria’s Aleppo. Vadim Kulit, deputy chief of the Russian Center for Reconciliation of the Opposing Parties in Syria, claimed that seven missiles were downed by the Russian-made Pantsir-S and Buk-M2 systems of the Syrian Air Defence Forces.

In the evening of 27 July 2021, a drone was launched by militants from the Kafer-Khattar community in the Idlib Province. The militant drone was downed over the Hama Province by the Syrian Air Defence who used a Russia-produced Pantsir-S missile system, Kulit claimed the next day. Syrian Air Defence forces shot down 22 missiles fired by Israel into Syria using Russian-made Buk-M2E and Pantsir-S systems, Rear Adm. Vadim Kulit said on 20 August 2021.

Syrian Air Defence forces shot down twenty-one out of twenty-four missiles fired by Israel into Syria using Russian-made Buk-M2E and Pantsir-S systems, Rear Adm. Vadim Kulit said on September 3, 2021. Syrian Air Defence forces shot down 8 out of 12 missiles fired by Israel in Syria using Russian-made Pantsir-S systems, Rear Adm. Vadim Kulit said on 08.10.2021. Syrian Air Defence forces shot down ten out of twelve missiles fired by Israel into Syria using Russian-made Buk-M2E and Pantsir-S systems, Rear Adm. Vadim Kulit said on November 24, 2021.

On 13 May 2022, the Israeli Air Force launched attacks on SAA positions on Masyaf killing 5 people including one civilian, the attack destroyed one Pantsir-S1 system. On 25 August and 17 September 2022, new attacks were reportedly partly repelled by Syrian Pantsir-S1, Buk-M2E and S-75 systems.

Notes

References

Further reading
 Kenneth M. Pollack, Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948-91, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002, and Pollack's book reviewed in International Security, Vol. 28, No.2.

Air defence forces
Military of Syria
Syria


Andriolata, () is a settlement in the island of Kefalonia, Greece. It is part of the local community of Xenopoulo and the municipal unit of Eleios-Pronnoi. In 2011 its population was 8. It is situated 1.5 km north of Xenopoulo, 4 km west of Poros and 21 km east of Argostoli. It was part of the independent community of Xenopoulo between 1912 and 1997, when it became part of the municipality Eleios-Pronnoi.

Population

See also

List of settlements in Cephalonia

References

External links
Andriolata at the GTP Travel Pages

Eleios-Pronnoi
Populated places in Cephalonia


The Heart of a Nation () is a 1943 French drama film directed by Julien Duvivier who co-wrote screenplay with Marcel Achard and Charles Spaak. The film stars Raimu, Michèle Morgan and Louis Jouvet.

Plot

The film follows a family in Montmartre from the Franco-Prussian War to World War II.

An American release featured an introduction by Charles Boyer and scenes of the German entry into Paris.

Principal cast
Raimu as L'oncle Jules Froment
Michèle Morgan as Marie Froment-Léonard
Louis Jouvet as Pierre Froment / Félix Froment
Suzy Prim as Estelle Froment adulte
Renée Devillers as Gabrielle Froment
Louis Jourdan as Christian (uncredited)

Production
Louis Jourdan played the on screen brother of his real life brother, Pierre.

Filming started in late 1939 but was interrupted by the war.

Release
The film was released in New York before France.

On January 25, 2005, the American version of the film that is dubbed into English and features a prologue by Charles Boyer was released by Alpha Video on DVD .

References

External links
The Heart of a Nation at Rotten Tomatoes
Untel père et fils at DvdToile

The Heart of a Nation at the British Film Institute

Films directed by Julien Duvivier
1943 films
French historical drama films
1940s historical drama films
Films set in the 19th century
1940s French-language films
French black-and-white films
1943 drama films
1940s French films

World War II films made in wartime


The Nautilus class was a pair of minelaying cruisers built by the Imperial German Navy.  was laid down in 1905 and completed by 1907, and  was laid down in 1907, and completed in 1908. Both ships were built by the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen, but to slightly different designs. Nautilus had a clipper bow, while Albatross had a bow similar to contemporary German light cruisers. The ships were armed with a battery of  guns and had a capacity of 168–288 naval mines.

The two ships served with the High Seas Fleet after entering service, with only one in the fleet at a time, usually trading service with the fleet either for refits or mine warfare training. After the start of World War I, the ships laid several minefields, both to protect the German coast and also to interfere with British naval operations. In 1915, Albatross was transferred to the Baltic Sea to operate against the Russian Baltic Fleet, where she was eventually ambushed by Russian cruisers and forced to beach in the Battle of Åland Islands in July. Nautilus took part in Operation Albion in 1917 and was rearmed in 1918 to support amphibious operations, but she did not see action in that role.

Albatross was returned to Germany after the war ended in 1918, and both vessels were stricken from the naval register in 1919. Albatross, never repaired from the damage sustained in 1915, was sold for scrap immediately, but Nautilus was retained as a hulk until 1928, when she too was broken up.

Design

General characteristics

The two ships of the Nautilus class varied slightly in their dimensions. Nautilus was  long overall and had a beam of  and an average draft of  forward. Albatross was slightly larger, with an overall length of , a beam of  and a draft of . Nautilus displaced  normally and up to  at full load, while Albatross normally displaced  and  fully laden. In 1909–10, Nautilus was modernized at the Kaiserliche Werft (Imperial Shipyard) in Kiel. Her stern overhang was extended by , bringing the ship's overall length to , and her superstructure deck was extended further aft.

The ships' hulls were constructed from transverse and longitudinal steel frames, and were divided into nine watertight compartments, with a double bottom that extended for 60 percent of the length of the hull. Both vessels had two pole masts fitted with spotting tops. Nautilus and Albatross had different bows; Nautilus received a clipper bow, while Albatross had a ram bow like contemporary German light cruisers. Albatross also had a higher forecastle that extended to the base of the main mast, while Nautilus was completed with a superstructure deck that began just aft of the fore mast.

Steering was controlled with a single rudder. The vessels handled well and had a tight turning radius, but they suffered from weather helm and tended to drift while underway. The ships' crew numbered ten officers and 191 enlisted men, and later increased to eleven officers and 197 enlisted men. The ships carried several smaller boats, including two picket boats, one launch, two yawls, and one dinghy. These were handled with a large derrick that was fitted to the main mast.

Machinery
Their Propulsion system consisted of two 3-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines each driving a single four-bladed screw propeller that was  in diameter. Steam for the engines was supplied by four coal-fired marine-type boilers that were divided into four individual boiler rooms; the boilers were trunked into two closely spaced funnels in pairs. Electricity was provided by two turbo generators that provided  at 110 volts.

The ships' engines were rated to produce a top speed of  from , though both ships slightly exceeded those figures on speed trials, with Nautilus reaching  and Albatross at . The ships were designed to carry  of coal, though by using auxiliary storage spaces, Nautilus could store up to  and Albatross could carry up to . This allowed the ships to cruise for  at a speed of .

Armament

The primary armament for the Nautilus class was a battery of eight  SK L/35 guns in individual mounts. Two were placed side by side on the forecastle, four were placed on the superstructure amidships, with two on each broadside, and the last two were mounted side by side at the stern. The guns were supplied with a total of 2,000 rounds of ammunition, and they had a maximum range of . Nautilus initially carried 186 naval mines, though this was later increased to 205, while Albatross had a capacity of 288 mines. In 1918, Nautilus was rearmed with two  guns, four  anti-aircraft guns, twenty-four machine guns, two flamethrowers, and four mine-launchers, in addition to her normal capacity of mines. Her new armament was intended to allow the ship to support amphibious operations.

Ships

Service history

After entering service, Nautilus and Albatross alternated between service with the High Seas Fleet; Nautilus participated in the annual fleet maneuvers in 1907 and 1908, and was replaced by Albatross thereafter. Nautilus was modernized at the Kaiserliche Werft (Imperial Shipyard) in Kiel in 1909–1910, and Albatross underwent a similar modernization there in 1910–1911. While Albatross was out of service, Nautilus temporarily returned to the fleet. Once the former's refit was completed in 1911, the latter was transferred to mine warfare training in the North Sea before being decommissioned at the end of the year. Albatross remained in service through 1914, but apart from a collision with the steamer , the time passed uneventfully.

After the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, both ships were mobilized to lay a series of minefields, initially to protect Germany's coastlines in the North and Baltic Seas. In August, the two ships laid offensive minefields off the British coast, and Nautilus made a similar attempt in October that was cancelled when radio intercepts indicated British naval forces were present. In June 1915, Albatross was transferred to the eastern Baltic, where she began to lay offensive minefields. The last of these resulted in the Battle of Åland Islands on 2 July after a group of Russian armored cruisers intercepted Albatross and her escorts. The cruisers badly damaged Albatross, and to prevent her sinking, her captain beached the ship off the coast of neutral Sweden.

Nautilus was transferred to the Baltic in 1916, and took part in Operation Albion in 1917, where she supported the conquest of the Gulf of Riga. In 1918, she was modified to support amphibious operations, with her 8.8 cm guns replaced by a host of smaller weapons. She was assigned to the Sonderverband (Special Unit) tasked with supporting the White Finns during the Finnish Civil War, though she did not see action. Instead, she spent the remainder of the war patrolling in the eastern Baltic. After the war ended in November 1918, Nautilus was demilitarized according to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and hulked; she was renamed Hulk I and later Hulk A, eventually being scrapped in 1928. Albatross, meanwhile, had been refloated by a Swedish salvage company in July 1915 and interned for the rest of the war. She was returned in 1919, stricken from the naval register and scrapped that year.

See also

Footnotes

Notes

Citations

References

Further reading

Cruiser classes
Mine warfare vessel classes


Thomas Picardo Jr. (August 17, 1942 – May 2, 2021), known professionally as Tommy West, was an American record producer and singer-songwriter.

Early career
Thomas Picardo Jr. was born in Jersey City, New Jersey.

West's career as a performing artist began in 1958 when he co-founded the doo-wop group The Criterions with Tim Hauser, a classmate of his at St. Rose High School in Belmar, New Jersey. In 1959, the group hit the pop charts with "I Remain Truly Yours".

West is a 1963 graduate of Villanova University. While attending Villanova, he became student conductor of the school's glee club, The Villanova Singers. West formed a sub-group of the Singers called The Villanova Spires, a 12-man group who performed folk songs with guitar accompaniment. Tim Hauser, also now a student at Villanova, joined the group. In 1961, West auditioned fellow student Jim Croce for The Spires and an enduring friendship was formed.

After graduating in 1963, West became a radio announcer and music director of WRLB (FM) in Long Branch, New Jersey. In 1966, he left the station and began work for ABC Records in New York, where he met Terry Cashman and Gene Pistilli, songwriters at the company. This trio, Cashman, Pistilli and West, began a writing and performing collaboration. In 1967, they recorded an album titled Bound To Happen.

West became a session singer and sang back-up vocals on albums by Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Sammy Davis, Jr., Connie Francis, and Mitch Ryder. He was a jingle singer for radio and television commercials.

Capitol Records
In 1968, Cashman, Pistilli and West signed with Capitol Records and recorded an album titled Cashman, Pistilli & West, produced by Nik Venet. Simultaneously, they recorded under the pseudonym Buchanan Brothers. This trio is remembered for the single "Medicine Man". Also that year, they formed the publishing companies Interrobang Productions, Blendingwell Music, and Sister John Music. They signed folk duo Jim and Ingrid Croce and secured a recording contract with Capitol Records in 1969, turning production duties over to Nik Venet for their album Jim & Ingrid Croce. The album was released, but was not well received.

In 1969, Cashman, Pistilli and West were introduced to a talented young musician, Maury Muehleisen. Soon after they signed Muehleisen, Pistilli left the partnership and became a founding member of The Manhattan Transfer, joining up with West's lifelong hometown friend Tim Hauser and West's then wife, Pat Rosalia.

Cashman and West produced Muehleisen's album Gingerbreadd, released by Capitol Records in November 1970. This critically well received album brought together Muehleisen and Jim Croce, who for a short time accompanied Maury on guitar for live performances.

Cashman and West began an association with producer Wes Farrell and composed eight songs that were recorded by The Partridge Family: "She'd Rather Have The Rain", "Only A Moment Ago", "Every Song Is You", "One Day At A Time", "Come On Love", "Sunshine Eyes", "It Sounds Like You're Saying Hello", and "It's Time That I Knew You Better".

Success with Jim Croce
In 1971, Cashman and West signed as artists with ABC-Dunhill and produced the first of three Jim Croce albums, You Don't Mess Around With Jim. Recorded in the fall of 1971 and released in April 1972, this album produced three hit singles. Simultaneously, Cashman and West were on the charts with their first single, their tribute to New York City, the "American City Suite".

In 1973, Cashman and West produced Croce's Life and Times and I Got a Name albums.  They received five gold records for their work on Jim Croce's hits - No. 1 singles "Bad, Bad Leroy Brown" and "Time in a Bottle", and three albums (You Don't Mess Around With Jim, Life and Times, and I Got A Name), and all three now have reached platinum status.  Croce and Muehleisen perished in a small plane crash in Natchitoches, Louisiana on September 20, 1973.

Cashman and West went on to record two more albums for ABC-Dunhill, Moondog Serenade and Lifesong.

Tommy West recorded the solo single "I Know" which reached No. 114 in Record World and No. 30 in Billboard's "Easy Listening" Top 50, early 1977.  The song was a remake of a 1960 tune by the Spaniels.

Career as a producer

In 1974, Cashman and West produced records by Jim Dawson and Mary Travers. In 1975, they formed Lifesong Records and recorded singer-songwriter Henry Gross, who in 1976 had a million-selling single "Shannon". West also recorded Hometown Frolics, his solo album. In 1978, Cashman and West produced Dion's "The Return of the Wanderer". West began recording in Nashville in 1978, producing an album by Gail Davies and beginning a five-album collaboration with Ed Bruce.

In 1984, West entered into a partnership with Mary Tyler Moore's MTM Records, based in Nashville. Production credits during this time include recordings by Judy Rodman, Holly Dunn, and Girls Next Door and The Metros from Minneapolis. West produced two No. 1 country singles - "You're the Best Break This Old Heart Ever Had" with Ed Bruce (MCA Nashville) and "Until I Met You" with Judy Rodman (one of two number ones on MTM Records).

In 1992, Tommy West launched High Harmony Records. Its initial release, Through The Raindrops, by harmonica virtuoso Robert Bonfiglio, remained on the Billboard New Age chart for nine months. The album made the Top Twenty New Age year-end chart in Billboard and launched Bonfiglio's success on the QVC Network, where his appearances generated over 200,000 units. In 1993, West teamed up with Anne Murray and produced Croonin', a collection of classic pre-rock songs of the fifties. The album achieved double platinum status in Canada and had a substantial run on the American charts as well. Croonin received a Juno Award as best engineered pop recording of 1993. In 1994, West produced Kindred Spirits with New Age pianist Andy Wasserman. In 1996, West produced Always On My Mind, a collection of pop standards with Robert Bonfiglio for Time-Life Records. In 1997, West produced Healing In The Dark with acoustic rock duo Blonde on Blonde. He produced a Bonfiglio Christmas TV special for PBS called "Home For The Holidays". In 1998, he produced Playing God with singer-songwriter Bob Hillman. A second album, Welcome To My Century, was recorded in 2000. In 1999, West again teamed up with Anne Murray and produced What a Wonderful World, a two CD collection of inspirational and secular "message songs". This recording reached No. 1 on the Billboard Contemporary Christian chart, achieving double platinum status in the United States.

In 2000, West produced Susan Piper's album, The Truth Comes Out. In 2001, West produced eight Christmas songs with Anne Murray as part of a project entitled What a Wonderful Christmas. In 2002, West produced Country Croonin' a thirty-song double CD of timeless country classics, which was certified gold in 2004 by the RIAA. In 2004, West produced All of Me with Anne Murray, a collection of pop standards from The American Songbook.

West focused on new singer-songwriters and recorded many of his projects in his state of the art studio, "Somewhere In New Jersey". Most recently he teamed up with former RCA recording artist Jim Dawson and former Cashman and West tour manager, John Battiloro to produce the anthem "Back Together Again" for The Global Medical Relief Fund at his New Jersey studio.

West died from complications of Parkinson's disease on May 2, 2021.

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080902030431/http://www.classicwebs.com/cashwest.htm
 http://www.maurymuehleisen.com/main.html

1942 births
2021 deaths
American male singer-songwriters
American male pianists
American male guitarists
American keyboardists
American session musicians
Businesspeople from Jersey City, New Jersey
Villanova University alumni
Record producers from New Jersey
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey
Guitarists from New Jersey
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American pianists
St. Rose High School alumni
21st-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)


This is a list of the cast members of the science fiction/horror-themed children's television series, Are You Afraid of the Dark? The cast members are part of "The Midnight Society" during the series.

Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1990–1996) cast

Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1999–2000) cast

Are You Afraid of the Dark? (2019–2022) cast

Notes
  Daniel DeSanto (Tucker) is the only actor to be a main cast member in both the 1990–1996 and the 1999–2000 incarnations of Are You Afraid of the Dark?
  Ross Hull (Gary), who starred throughout the entire 1990–1996 run of the incarnation of Are You Afraid of the Dark? guest-starred in the three-part "The Tale of Silver Sight" episode of the 1999–2000 incarnation of the show.

References

Are You Afraid of the Dark?
Lists of actors by American television series


Captain Courageous may refer to:

 Captain Courageous (comics), a comic book character
 Paul Kelly (Australian rules footballer) (born 1969), Australian Rules footballer

See also
 Captains Courageous, an 1897 novel by Rudyard Kipling


Akaparambu, or Akapparambu is a village in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India near the Cochin International Airport and south of the town of Angamaly. The people are mostly Saint Thomas Christians, but there are many Hindus and other religions who all live together in peace and mutual respect. Recent thuggish attacks on two of the Christian churches by mentally challenged outsiders are being dealt with seriously by the authorities.

History
Akapparambu is one of the early settlement village of Saint Thomas Christians, who migrated from Kodungallur and Aranattukara in the 9th century and they engaged mainly in agriculture and various trades. In ancient times Akapparambu was a well known place for learning the South Indian martial art called Kalarippayattu, Astrology and Ayurveda treatment, and people from different places had visited here for learning these ancient sasthras(systems). Many of the migrated Saint Thomas Christians learnt the martial art from Akapparambu. A Saint Thomas Christian named Mathoo Chakkarayakathoottu who was a kalari acrobat trained from Akapparambu became the Akambady Nayakan of Alangadu King in 16th Century.

Economy
In the past, people of Akaparambu worked on the land. These region had vast paddy fields and people here were engaged in rice cultivation. Now many of the people work at the airport, which is less than 1 km away. From being quiet rural location about 15 years ago, before the airport was proposed, land has become hot property in this region. Akaparambu and other communities in the area such as Nayathodu, Vapalassery, Avanamkodu, Thuruthussery, Athani and Chengamanad are seeing a huge rise in the price of land. Akaparambu may find itself in the heart of a full-fledged airport city ten years from now.

Churches
Christianity has a long history in the region, coming here long before the religion reached Europe and other places.  Tradition is that Saint Thomas the Apostle established the Syrian Church in AD 52.

Akaparambu Mor Sabor Mor Aphroth Church
This is one of the ancient churches of the Ankamaly diocese of the Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church. In the title deed of the church and in ancient revenue and tax records the church is referred to as the Akaparambu Valiyapally.
Mar Sabor and Mar Proth are said to have been two saintly men who came to Malankara to preach the Gospel with a group of Syrian Christian immigrants led by a merchant named Sapor Esho. They are said to have disembarked at Quilon (Kollam) in c. 822. The church at Akaparambu is believed to have been established in A.D. 825.

All the Patriarchs of Antioch who visited India have visited Mor Sabor and Afroth Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Cathedral.

The church is noted for its murals, which are of great antiquity. The Malankara Metropolitan bishop St.Mor Athanasius Paulose Pynadath(1918–1953) was christened in this church. The Jacobite Bishop and educationalist Mor Gregorios Vayaliparambil Pynadath(1899–1966) belonged to this parish church. For centuries the Church at Ankamaly and the Mor Sabor and Mor Afroth chapel at Akaparambu were a united parish and was administered by one council as is evident in the record of a general body meeting of 16-8-1069 (Malayalam Calendar).

Girvasis & Prothasis Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
Catholic Church at Akaparambu is situated about 1.5 km. away east of Kariyattil, near Cochin-Shornoor railway line and on Angamally-Aluva national high way. The Akaparambu Catholic Church, which is one of the twin churches, is named after twin brothers, Saints Gervasis & Prothasis, who were martyred for protecting the Christian faith. This is the only church in the patronage of these twin Saints in the Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamally.

A division in Catholic community was complete following the Coonan Cross Oath (Koonan kurisu Sathiyam), which took place in Mattancherry on Jan. 3, 1653. Catholic faction in Akaparambu, which showed loyalty to Rome, moved to kapela to conduct prayers. This kapela was renovated to a bigger Church later. Akaparambu church was raised to a parish by Governador Prajom Athe of Diocese of Kodugalloor on Dec. 3, 1836. Writings of Blessed Kuriakose Aliyas of Chavara gives an account of Akaparambu Church that few priests and faithful abided to Bishop Thomarocos in 1860.Historical documents of Akaparambu show that Rev. Fr. Varu Thannickal Kodamkandathil served here as the parish priest in 1898.

Pilgrims from all walks of life visit this church throughout the year. Dumb begin to speak with the special blessings of Patron Saints. Bell and bell-rope are the main offerings at this church. There are living witnesses who were cured of depression, stammering etc.

Parishes of Mattoor, Maykadu, Chengamanadu, Kavaraparampu, Neduvannoor, Nayathodu, Kapprassery, Athani and Josepuram were part of Akaparambu parish and they were made independent parishes later.

Kalari
The Akapparambu Kalari has a kalary temple without roof and main prathishta is headed by Lord Virabhadran. The other prathishtas in the temple are Lord Ganesha, Saraswati Bhagawati, Rekteswari and Bhuvaneswari. Kalari vidya, Astrology, mantra-tandra and Ayurveda (treatment) were the main profession of the members, who did have very deep knowledge in Sanskrit and Ayurveda. It is difficult to recruit members of the new generation to this profession.

Eravikulangara Bhagavathi Temple
The Eravikulangara temple is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Bhagavan Shiva and Bhagavan Ayyappan. Vilwamangalam Swamiyar had 'The Darshan of Devi' (the sight of the divine) at this place, hence the hillock where the temple is situated is also called Thiruviluam Kunnu.

References

Villages in Ernakulam district


Vougiouklakis (Βουγιουκλάκης) or Vougiouklaki (Βουγιουκλάκη) is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aliki Vougiouklaki (1934–1996), Greek actress and singer
Takis Vougiouklakis (1939–2021), Greek director

Greek-language surnames


Paglicci 23 is the name for human remains found in Paglicci Cave in Apulia, Italy that have been dated to 28,000 years Before Present.

In 2008 a scientific team led by David Caramelli tested Paglicci 23 and found that mtDNA sequences corresponding to positions
16024-16383 were identical to the Cambridge Reference Sequence. The result was exhaustively tested for possible contamination and replicated in a separate test.
The paper does not assign any mtDNA haplogroup to the results as the mtDNA segment is too small to draw any conclusions in this regard. Many haplogroups, however, are defined by mutations in this segment as indicated in the table below.

As a result, the sample can confirm that the mtDNA does not correspond to any of the above modern extant haplogroups. The sample is however confirmed to belong to haplogroup R: 16263 is a critical marker for haplogroup R. The sample does not rule out nor confirm that the sample may belong to haplogroup H as this group is distinguished from haplogroup R by mutations at position 73 which has not been replicated in this study. The haplogroup R node and the CRS sequence are distinguished by various mutations outside the sequenced region.

See also
List of DNA tested mummies
Ancient DNA

References

Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens fossils
Paleolithic Europe
Prehistoric Italy
People from the Province of Foggia
Archaeological discoveries in Italy