The Primal Order, or "TPO", is a religion-based fantasy roleplaying game supplement.  Of particular note, TPO was the first work published by Wizards of the Coast and its president, Peter Adkison.  Through TPO, Wizards of the Coast introduced the "Capsystem" concept, enabling gamemasters to seamlessly integrate TPO and future Capsystem titles into other role-playing games.

The supplement covers high-powered gaming and the gods.  TPO provides guidelines for gamemasters to develop individual gods of various power levels, to include entire pantheons, as well as the vast support network, both divine and mortal, required to maintain and increase godly status.  These guidelines stem from the foundational concept of primal energy, its sources and impact, as well as its resource management.

As part of the sale of Wizards of the Coast to Hasbro in 2001, Adkison retained the rights to The Primal Order, his own original work.

Published supplements

Wizards quickly followed up the release of TPO with several supplements to help build on the system's foundation.  These supplements included:

 Pawns, The Opening Move.  Written by Nigel Findley, TPO's first supplement serves as a bestiary created with the TPO ruleset in mind.  It was published in 1992.
 Knights, Strategies in Motion.  Written by Nigel Findley, this supplement details three fictional deities and their approaches to building their respective religions based on the TPO ruleset.  It was published in 1993.
 Chessboards, The Planes of Possibility.  Written by Dave Howell, this supplement details planar design and management with respect to TPO ruleset.  It was published in 1993. The first copies went on sale at GenCon 1993, but its release was overshadowed by another new product: Magic, the Gathering.

Controversy

One of the driving forces behind the Capsystem concept was to provide gamemasters of various systems with conversion notes to port TPO into their respective games.  As such, Wizards solicited conversions for various systems, and included the following conversions with TPO:

 Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (both 1st and 2nd edition)
 Arduin Grimoire
 Ars Magica
 Chivalry & Sorcery
 Dungeons & Dragons
 GURPS
 HârnMaster
 Hero System
 Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game
 Pendragon RPG
 RoleMaster
 RuneQuest
 Shadowrun
 Synnibarr
 Talislanta
 Torg
 Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay
 WarpWorld

Kevin Siembieda, the owner of Palladium Books and Palladium FRPG copyright holder, sued Wizards for copyright infringement. The parties settled the suit out of court, and Wizards released a revised edition of TPO that excluded Palladium. The revised edition also excluded AD&D, D&D and WarpWorld.  However, Adkison took advantage of the revision to include these games:

 Castle Falkenstein
 CORPS
 Earthdawn
 Kult
 Tri Tac Games
 World of Darkness games

The expanded coverage increased TPO's page count from 232 to 250 pages. It also included new cover art.

Planned supplements

Wizards initially planned several supplements, of which two are known:

 Bishops, The Eternal Crusade.  This TPO supplement, to be written by Loren Miller, was to focus on "Earthly" churches using the TPO ruleset.  It was never completed, nor are there any notes or references available.
 Rivals of Estedil.  Written by Jonathan Tweet, this was an adventure using the TPO ruleset.  It was never completed, although Mr Tweet compiled copious notes and an outline.

In addition, the following Capsystem works are mentioned in the Legal Stuff section of both the original and revised editions:

 The Military Order
 The Economic Order
 The Governmental Order
 The Underworld Order

Yet, with the dramatic success of Magic: The Gathering, coupled with previous legal issues regarding their Capsystem approach, Wizards focused almost entirely on collectible card games and did not release any further Capsystem books.

Other conversions

Although TPO received no further official support beyond the 1995 revised edition, several folks have put forth other game system conversions for the system, to include:

 GURPS 4th Edition
 Mythus
 Unisystem

Reception
Loyd Blankenship reviewed The Primal Order in Pyramid #1 (May/June, 1993), and stated that "TPO is probably the single most useful book a GM can buy regarding the proper and effective use of gods and religion in a campaign."

TPO received very good reviews from various sources, including RPGNet.

Reviews
White Wolf #34 (Jan./Feb., 1993)

Notes

Fantasy role-playing games
Wizards of the Coast games
Role-playing games introduced in 1992


Marvin Duane "Ace" Burns (July 6, 1928 – June 24, 1990) was an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born in Santa Ana, California. He played water polo for the University of Southern California Trojans.

Burns was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played five matches. Eight years later he finished seventh with the American team the 1960 tournament. Again he played five matches. He competed as part of the American team at the 1951 and 1955 Pan American Games, the team placed third in 1951 and second in 1955.

In 1977, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

References

External links

1928 births
1990 deaths
Sportspeople from Santa Ana, California
USC Trojans men's water polo players
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1960 Summer Olympics


Longdon may refer to:

 Longdon, Staffordshire in Lichfield district
 Longdon, Worcestershire in Malvern Hills district
 Longdon-on-Tern, Shropshire
 Mount Longdon, East Falkland Island
 Longdon (surname)

See also
London (disambiguation)


The Legend of the Unknowns (十三妹) is a TVB television series, premiered in 1983. Starring: Cecilia Wong, Kent Tong, Sharon Yeung, Barbara Yung, Simon Yam. Theme song "Heroine" (巾幗英雄) composition and arrangement by Joseph Koo, lyricist by Wong Jim, sung by Frances Yip.

Casts
 Barbara Yung as Princess Sheung

1983 Hong Kong television series debuts
1983 Hong Kong television series endings
TVB dramas
1980s Hong Kong television series
Cantonese-language television shows


Norman William "Bill" Dornblaser (born November 4, 1933) is an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Hawthorne, California.  Dornblaser graduated from El Segundo High School.

Dornblaser was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played seven matches.

External links
profile

1933 births
Living people
American male water polo players
El Segundo High School alumni
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Hawthorne, California


Mogadishu is the largest city in Somalia and the nation's capital.

Mogadishu may also refer to:

Port of Mogadishu, the largest harbour in Somalia
Little Mogadishu, the Cedar-Riverside region of Minneapolis
Mogadishu University, a non-governmental university in the Somali capital of Mogadishu
Diocese of Mogadishu, of the Roman Catholic Church
Mogadishu Line, the point at which foreign involvement in a conflict shifts from peacekeeping or diplomacy to combat operations
Mogadishu Mile, a route taken by American soldiers during the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993
Mogadishu (play), a play by Vivienne Franzmann
Mogadischu (film) (2008), directed by Roland Suso Richter and about the hijacking

See also
Battle of Mogadishu (disambiguation)
Mogadishu bombings (disambiguation)


William Henry Miskin (1842 – 1913) was an Australian solicitor, politician and entomologist.

Early life
Born at Guildford, England, William Henry Miskin moved to Victoria, Australia at age 9 and later to Brisbane. He started collecting butterflies as a boy.

Professional life
He trained as a solicitor and was active in local government, becoming the founding President of the Shire of Toowong in 1880. Miskin Street in Toowong is named after him.

Entomology
He published numerous taxonomic papers on Lepidoptera from 1874 to 1892, including a description of Coscinocera hercules. In 1891 he published the Synonymical Catalogue of Butterflies of Australia. He was the President of the Royal Society of Queensland in 1890 and a member of the board of trustees of the Queensland Museum.

Later life
After having an affair with his domestic servant, he abandoned his wife. His wife divorced him in 1894. She subsequently sold his collection and library were purchased by the Queensland Museum.

Miskin worked as a solicitor in Rockhampton until his death in 1913, taking no further role in public life.

Published works

References

External links
William Henry Miskin information

1842 births
1913 deaths
English entomologists
Politicians from Guildford


Imelda Arcilla Papin (born January 26, 1956) is a Filipino singer and politician. Dubbed the "Sentimental Songstress," Papin sang songs such as "Bakit (Kung Liligaya Ka sa Piling ng Iba)" and "Isang Linggong Pag-ibig." She was married to Jose Antonio Carrion.

An upcoming film entitled Loyalista, about Papin's stay in Hawaii with deposed president Ferdinand Marcos and his wife Imelda, is set for release in 2023.

Early life
Papin was born on January 26, 1956, in Presentacion, Camarines Sur. She started her career in a remote fishing village in the province. Wishing for a singing career, she joined a couple of regional singing contests until she was eventually driven to Manila. She attended Bitaogan Elementary School, St. Brigette High School, the University of the East, and the University of Hawaii, where she received a BS in Commerce with a major in management.

Music career
Papin recorded her second album, Kutob (1978),  containing the song "Bakit" which became a hit among local radio stations. She followed her success with more singles that topped the charts.

Papin went to Las Vegas and managed to revive her career. She became a regular performer in the city and became an instant celebrity. She became the first Filipino artist to host a three-hour telethon on Channel 18 in Los Angeles, California. Currently, she is hosting a television program on LA-18 called Imelda Papin in America. Her radio program is a two-hour program called the "Imelda Papin Voice of the Heart Radio Show" on KLAV 1230 AM (Talk of Las Vegas).

Political career
In 1995, she ran against Luis Villafuerte, Sr. and Jose Bulaong for Governor of the Province of Camarines Sur but was defeated by Villafuerte. In 1998, she was elected as Vice Governor, a post she held for two terms. In 2004, she ran as congresswoman in province's fourth congressional district but she lost to incumbent Representative Felix R. Alfelor Jr. In 2010, she ran for Senate in the Philippines under Bangon Pilipinas but she lost. In 2013, the Commission on Elections disqualified her from running as congresswoman in the Legislative district of San Jose del Monte City in the province of Bulacan due to lack of residency but reversed its decision on April 25.<ref>[http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/246322/papin-joins-bro-eddie-s-party Comelec allows Imelda Papin to run for Congress in Bulacan"]. GMA News Online.</ref> She went on to lose the election. In 2016, she ran again as a congresswoman in the Camarines Sur's fourth congressional district but she lost to incumbent Representative Arnulfo Fuentebella. In 2019, she made a political comeback when she ran for Vice Governor as running mate of Governor Migz Villafuerte against board member Russel Bañes under PDP–Laban and eventually won. In 2022, she ran against Luigi Villafuerte and Rolando Andaya for Governor of the Province of Camarines Sur but was defeated by Villafuerte.

Personal life
She was married to Marinduque's governor José Antonio Carrion, with whom he had one daughter Maria France Imelda Papin Carrion. Maria France graduated as a Bachelor of Mass Communication at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, and became a paralegal.

Discography
Albums
Studio albumsImelda (1978, Wonderland Records)Kutob (1978, Wonderland Records)I Love You, Imelda (1979, Wonderland Records)Imelda Papin (1980, Sunshine)Mel (1980, Sunshine)Christmas with Imelda Papin (1980, Sunshine)Love Is... (1983, Alpha Records)Songs & Emotions (1984, Emerald Recording Corporation)The Woman, The Singer (1986, Emerald Recording Corporation)Buhay at Pag-ibig ni Imelda Papin (1992, Alpha Records)Bakit Ikaw Pa? (1994, Alpha Records)Dahil Minamahal Kita (1999, D'Concorde)Phenomenal Hits of Imelda Papin Vol. 1 (1999, D'Concorde)Phenomenal Hits of Imelda Papin Vol. 2 (1999, D'Concorde)Nag-iisang Imelda (2001, Galaxy Records/Universal Records)Iba Ka Sa Lahat (2004, Universal Records)Voice of the Heart (2008, 618 International)Merry Christmas Mahal Ko (2008, 618 International)I Love You (2009, Viva Records/618 International)Bakit? (2010, Universal Records/618 International)

Compilation albumsImelda's Favorite Hits (1980, Wonderland Records)Imelda's Greatest Hits (1981, Sunshine)Special Collector's Edition: Sabik (1994, Vicor)Golden Collection Series: The Best of Imelda Papin featuring: Isang Linggong Pag-ibig and Other Hits... (2001, Alpha Records)Once Again... with Didith Reyes, Geraldine and Imelda Papin Vol. 4 (with Didith Reyes & Geraldine) (2003, Vicor)Puso Sa Puso (2005, Sunshine/Vicor)Greatest Hits (2009, Alpha Music)

Collaboration albumsJukebox King & Queen (with Victor Wood) (1999, D'Concorde)

Singles
"Ako Ba o Siya"
"Ako Nga Ba Ito"
"Bakit?" (1978, re-recorded as "Bakit? (Kung Liligaya Ka sa Piling ng Iba)" in 2001)
"Bakit Ikaw Pa?" (originally by Geraldine) (1994)
"Bakit Kaya"
"Bakit Mo Pa Inibig"
"Bawal"
"Di Totoo"
"Dinggin"
"Habang May Panahon"
"Hinanakit"
"Hindi Ko Kaya" (originally by Richard Reynoso)
"Hindi Maiiwanan"
"Iniibig Ko ang Iniibig Mo" (originally by Luz Loreto and then by Mimi Baylon) (1992)
"Isang Linggong Pag-ibig" (Isang Linggong Pag-ibig movie theme song) (1993)
"Kailangan Ko"
"Kaligayahan Mo'y, Kaligayahan Ko Rin" (1983)
"Kapiling Mo, Kasuyo Ko"
"Katarungan"
"Masakit"
"Minsan" (originally by Bert Dominic)
"Pinag-isa ng Diyos"
"Pinaglaruan"
"Sabik" (1981)
"Sayang Na Sayang"
"Taksil"
"The Winner Takes It All" (originally by ABBA)
"Titig Mo" (1999)
"Titigan Mo Ako" (originally by Baby Shake Rico) (2010)
"Tukso Ka Ba?" (D' Originals'' theme song) (2017)
"Umaga Na Wala Ka Pa" (originally by Eva Eugenio) (1999)
"We Could Have It All" (originally by Maureen McGovern

References

External links
http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/jul/28/manchester-shares-showroom-filipino-star/
OPM profile

1956 births
Living people
20th-century Filipino women singers
Bicolano people
Bicolano politicians
Filipino women in politics
Filipino actor-politicians
Members of the Camarines Sur Provincial Board
People from San Jose del Monte
Radio Philippines Network personalities
RPN News and Public Affairs people
Singers from Camarines Sur
University of the East alumni


Seren Robert Waters (born 11 April 1990 in Nairobi, Kenya) is a former Kenyan cricketer who plays for Surrey and Kenya. He is a skillful and bold opening batsman, who loves to face the first ball. He is strong off his legs and through the covers and his favourite shot is the pull shot.

School times
He was born and lives in Kenya but has British nationality. Since Kenya is only an associate member of the ICC, Waters is also eligible to play for England. He was educated at Cranleigh School, England and captained the first XI cricket side for two years, playing alongside Stuart Meaker. In his last season at Cranleigh School, he finished with almost 900 runs.

He is a very able leg spinner and in his last season at Cranleigh School was second highest wicket taker.

Domestic career
He scored a double century on debut for Surrey Under-17s in 2006, and in 2008 he made his Surrey second XI debut.

International career
In October 2008 he was called into the Kenyan Cricket team, and made an immediate impression, scoring 75 against Ireland in the Intercontinental Cup at the Gymkhana in Nairobi, and more recently 74 against South Africa at Kimberley in a full One Day International (ODI).

Waters is also a very apt fielder and took two astonishing catches in the second ODI against South Africa, that belied his age and experience, to send Gibbs and then de Villiers back to the pavilion.

Aside from playing for Surrey and Kenya, Waters also plays for the Old Cranleighan Cricket Club and for Weybridge Cricket Club. Waters went to Durham University and was named in the Kenyan squad for the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup.

References

1990 births
Living people
People educated at Cranleigh School
Kenyan cricketers
Kenyan people of English descent
White Kenyan people
Kenya One Day International cricketers
Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup
Durham MCCU cricketers
Alumni of St Cuthbert's Society, Durham


Robert Earl Hughes (December 15, 1930 – October 11, 2012) was an American water polo player and breaststroke swimmer who competed in the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Lennox, California.  He attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he swam for the USC Trojans swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition.

Hughes was a member of the U.S. water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament.  He played in all nine matches for the U.S. team.

Four years later he finished fifth with the American team the water polo tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia.  He played five matches.  He also participated in the 200-meter breaststroke, but did not advance beyond the preliminary heats.

In 1976, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

See also
 List of multi-sport athletes
 List of University of Southern California people
 Water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
 Water polo at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads

References

External links

 Robert Hughes' obituary

1930 births
2012 deaths
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
USC Trojans men's swimmers
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
American male water polo players
American water polo coaches


Edward "Ed" Lawrence Jaworski (March 11, 1926 – August 20, 2008) was an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

He was born in New York City. He entered Columbia College in 1946 but graduated with a B.S. from the Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science in 1949.

Jaworski was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played eight matches.

In 1976, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

References

External links

1926 births
2008 deaths
Sportspeople from New York City
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
American water polo coaches
Columbia College (New York) alumni

Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni


Candlish is a Scottish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 James Smith Candlish (1835–1892), Scottish minister, son of Robert
 John Candlish (1816–1874), British glass bottle manufacturer and Liberal Party politician
 Louise Candlish, British author
 Robert Smith Candlish (1806–1873), Scottish minister, father of James

See also
 McCandlish, a related surname

Scottish surnames


Erica Reiner (4 August 1924 – 31 December 2005) was an American Assyriologist and author. From 1974, she was editor of the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary, which was published in 21 volumes over 55 years, being completed in 2011 after her death.  Reiner was associated with the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago. Her work concentrated on developing the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary, the basic reference work for understanding the Akkadian language, the predominant language of Mesopotamia from 2400 BC to 100 AD.

Early life and education
Erica Reiner was born in Budapest, Hungary. She graduated from the University of Budapest in 1948.  She went to the University of Chicago in 1952 for graduate work and received a Ph.D. in 1955.

Academic career
Reiner joined the Chicago faculty in 1956.  Extensive documentation and planning for the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary had been underway at the university since 1921.  Reiner, along with A. Leo Oppenheim, led the team after World War II to publish the first of what would be 21 volumes in 1956.  She took over the project at Oppenheim's death in 1974; in total, she worked on the project for 44 years. Twenty volumes were released over 55 years.

Reiner was the John A. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor Emerita in the university's Oriental Institute, and the longtime Editor of the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary (1974-1996).  Among other accomplishments, Reiner was one of the few people in the world proficient in the Elamite language.

She wrote numerous books and articles. Upon her retirement in 1996, she continued to contribute to the Dictionary.

She trained many graduate students in Assyriology during her years at the University of Chicago, including the late Joan Goodnick Westenholz, who was curator at the Bible Lands Museum in Jerusalem; Francesca Rochberg, the Catherine and William L. Magistretti Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Studies at University of California, Berkeley; and Grant Frame, now Professor Emeritus at the University of Pennsylvania and Curator Emeritus of the Babylonian Section of the Penn Museum.

Selected works
 Your Thwarts in Pieces, Your Mooring Rope Cut: Poetry from Babylonia and Assyria (1985)
 Astral Magic in Babylonia (1995)

Legacy and honors
 Guggenheim Fellow
 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 Fellow of the American Philosophical Society
 Awarded honorary doctorates from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Leiden.
 Chicago Assyrian Dictionary (2011)

References

External links
 "Erica Reiner", New York Times obituary, 22 January 2006

1924 births
2005 deaths
American Assyriologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
University of Chicago faculty
Members of the American Philosophical Society
University of Chicago alumni
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Assyriologists


The Prussian Class T 11 were passenger tank locomotives produced between 1903 and 1910 in the service of the Prussian state railways for duties on the Berlin Stadtbahn.

History
Between 1903 and 1910, 470 engines of this type were procured for the Prussian Railways from four manufacturers. Like the superheated locomotive, the Prussian T 12, the T 11 evolved from the T 9.3 in order to replace the older, four-coupled tank engines on the Berlin Stadtbahn and suburban route in other cities. Construction of the T 11 was ceased in 1910 in favour of the more economical T 12.

The locomotives were employed together with the T 12s especially on the Berlin Stadtbahn until its electrification in 1926–1933; as a result they had direction plates (Richtungsschilder) on their smokebox and coal tanks. But they were also used in suburban services for other cities such as Frankfurt, Hamburg and Altona.

At the end of World War I, 56 locomotives were transferred to the new Polish state where that became PKP class OKi1, and were numbered OKi1-1 to OKi1-52 and OKi1-1Dz to OKi-4Dz (the locomotives with the 'Dz' suffix were nominally owned by the Free City of Danzig).  In addition 25 locomotives were surrendered as reparations to France; two went to the Administration des chemins de fer d'Alsace et de Lorraine (AL) as 7300 and 7301, while the other 23 went to the Chemins de fer de Paris, Lyon et Mediterrannee (PLM) as 5752 to 5774 (5774 was renumbered 5751 about 1920); in the PLM's 1924 renumbering scheme they became 130.BT.1 to 130.BT.23. Another 23 locomotives were transferred to Belgian State Railways, where they were classified as the type 95 .

In 1923, 16 engines were fitted with a superheater, but they retained their existing running numbers.

In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn took over the 358 remaining locomotives as DRG Class 74.0–3, allocating them the numbers 74 001 to 74 358.

During World War II, the 54 surviving Polish OKi1 locomotives were divided up between the DRB (48 locomotives) and the Soviet Railways (6); the DRB renumbered their locomotives 74 011 to 74 269, re-using the numbers of withdrawn locomotives. An additional four were acquired from the Soviets in 1944; they became 74 273 to 74 332. The Germans also borrowed the seven remaining ex-PLM locomotives from the SNCF.

At the end of World War II, there were still 120 examples of these engines in service in Germany, 65 with the Deutsche Bundesbahn and 55 with the Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) in East Germany. The majority of T 11s were retired by 1950 in the west and the 1960s in the east; but two engines (74 231 and 74 240) continued to work the Erfurt Industrial Railway until 1974 and 1973 respectively.

Two locomotives have been preserved:
 74 104. Built by Borsig (no.5424 of 1904) as Berlin Division 2163, it was renumbered 7560 in 1906 and became part of the PKP fleet after World War I, being renumbered OKi1-14. It was renumbered 74 104 (second) by the Germans in 1941. It returned to Poland after the war, and was renumbered OKi1-28 (second). It was withdrawn in 1966 and set aside for preservation, and is now in the Warsaw Railway Museum.
 74 231. Built by Union Giesserei Königsberg (no.1602 of 1908) as Hannover Division 7515, it was part of the DR fleet unit it was sold to the Erfurt Industrial Railway in 1965, where is carried numbers 6 (1965–68) and 2 (1968–74). It then went to the DR at Erfurt as a monument, becoming part of the DB museum in 1992. It was sold in 1988 to the Minden Museum Railway in 1999, and was restored in the Meiningen Steam Locomotive Works. It has been working since 2000.

Design
All four axles of the locomotives – even the carrying axles – were more or less equally loaded with a hefty 16 tonnes. The carrying axle was linked to the first coupled axle via a Krauss-Helmholtz bogie. The axles were located in a plate frame, inside which a well tank was rivetted.

The first units had piston valves, the later ones slide valves. The riveted boiler barrel comprised two boiler shells and the smokebox was also rivetted. At the back of the boiler was the copper firebox. Two vacuum Dampfstrahlpumpen served as feed pumps.

For the brakes, there was, next to the smokebox a single-stage air pump, and in front of the carrying axle were one or two air reservoirs.

T 11 of the Lübeck-Büchen Railway

The Lübeck-Büchen Railway also placed nine T 11s in service between 1906 and 1908; they had been built by Linke-Hofmann

The four engines taken over by Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1938, with numbers 74 361 to 74 364, were however not the Prussian T 11 — they were withdrawn from service between 1923 and 1929 — but the LBE's own special designs (LBE T10) based that were more like the Prussian T 9.3 and which had been built in 1911/1912 by Linke-Hofmann in a batch of five. The drive resembled that of the T 11, apart from the smaller coupled wheels with a 1,400 mm diameter, whilst the boiler was smaller too. The last of these engines was not retired until 1951.

See also
 Prussian state railways
 List of Prussian locomotives and railcars

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Photo of the Prussian T11 7512 Hannover owned by the Minden Museum Railway (formerly DRG 74 231)

Railway locomotives introduced in 1903
2-6-0T locomotives
T 11
Passenger locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C n2t locomotives
Union Giesserei locomotives
Borsig locomotives
Hohenzollern locomotives
AG Vulcan Stettin locomotives
Linke-Hofmann locomotives


Hecato may refer to:

Hecato of Rhodes, a Stoic philosopher
hecato (unit prefix), an archaic metric unit prefix


Byalalu is a village in Bangalore south District in Karnataka, India. It is an hour's drive from Bangalore city, off the Bangalore-Mysore highway. The population was reported as 2,300 in the 2011 Indian census.

Indian Deep Space Network
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) set up a Deep Space Network (DSN) centre in Byalalu. One of the main advantages of having the DSN at Byalalu was its saucer-like shape that would help in blocking radio frequency disturbances. The DSN was initially set up to track Chandrayaan I, India's first lunar mission; as of September 2014, it is being used to track the ongoing Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), known as Mangalyaan.

References

Villages in Bangalore Rural district


William "Bill" August Kooistra (August 26, 1926 – March 30, 1995) was an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Chicago and is the older brother of Sam Kooistra.

Kooistra was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played seven matches.

Four years later he finished fifth with the American team the 1956 tournament. He played five matches.

In 1976, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

References

External links

1926 births
1995 deaths
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics


Anthony Gerald Kelly (born 1 October 1964) is an English former footballer who played mainly in central midfield.

A former Liverpool trainee, he moved from non-League Prescot Cables to Wigan Athletic in 1984. The club's Player of the Year in 1985, he also helped Wigan to victory in the 1985 Associate Members' Cup final. Sold on to Stoke City in 1986 for a £80,000 fee, he was moved on to West Bromwich Albion for £60,000 a year later. Loaned out to Chester City and Colchester United, he was transferred to Shrewsbury Town in January 1989 for a £30,000 fee. Two years and more than 100 games later, he was sold to Bolton Wanderers for £100,000. A popular player at Bolton, he helped the club to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1992–93. Released in 1994, he had brief spells at Port Vale, Millwall, Wigan Athletic, Peterborough United, Altrincham and Sligo Rovers, before he retired in 1997.

Career

Wigan Athletic
Kelly began his career as an apprentice at Liverpool, before joining non-League Prescot Cables in 1983. He returned to the Football League in January 1984, signing for Third Division Wigan Athletic. He made just over 100 appearances for Wigan, and was voted Player of the Year in 1985, after he scored in a 3–1 victory over Brentford in the Associate Members' Cup final final at Wembley. The club missed out on promotion in 1985–86 after finishing one point behind third-place Derby County.

Stoke City
He moved on to Second Division Stoke City in April 1986, as manager Mick Mills paid out a fee of £80,000. However Mills and Kelly did not enjoy a happy relationship, and Mills ordered Kelly to lose weight not long after his arrival at the Victoria Ground. He still played 43 games for the "Potters" in 1986–87, scoring four goals, before he was sold to Ron Saunders' West Bromwich Albion for £60,000 in July 1987.

West Bromwich Albion
Ron Atkinson replaced Saunders as manager in September 1987, and so Kelly's impact at The Hawthorns was limited in 1987–88. He instead had successive loan outings with Chester City and Colchester United in 1988. At Chester he was reunited with Harry McNally, the man who had signed him at Wigan; however he only played five league games for the "Seals". At Colchester he was signed by Steve Foley on 24 October, and scored two goals in twenty games for Colchester in the 1988–89 season, as the club struggled at the foot of the Fourth Division. He was substituted at half-time by Jock Wallace in United's match at York City on 21 January and left the ground without saying goodbye to his teammates, ending his loan spell at Layer Road.

Shrewsbury Town
In January 1989, Shrewsbury Town manager Ian McNeill secured Kelly's services for £30,000. Just as with Wigan some years previous, he scored 15 goals in 101 Third Division appearances, however this time after two years he was sold on to Phil Neal's Bolton Wanderers for £100,000.

Bolton Wanderers
He established himself in the first team in 1991–92, and his consistent performances led to him being named on the PFA Team of the Year. He continued to be a first team regular under new manager Bruce Rioch, and helped the "Trotters" to win promotion out of the Second Division as runners-up in 1992–93, before leaving the club at the end of the 1993–94 campaign.

In three years with Bolton, Kelly became a firm favourite with the fans, who nicknamed him Zico in homage to Kelly's footballing style, despite his (at times) obvious weight and fitness problems. He was a cult figure with the fans during his stay at Burnden Park and was a key figure in the exciting team that Bruce Rioch built, as Bolton rose from Third Division obscurities to FA Cup 'giant killings' and pushing at the door of the newly formed Premier League. In total he amassed over 100 league appearances for the club before September 1994, when at age of 30 he was given a free transfer to Port Vale.

Later career
He did not find success at Vale Park, despite finding the net against Notts County, and instead moved on to Millwall later in 1994. Kelly struggled to regain his form and fitness, and after two games for the "Lions" he returned to former club Wigan Athletic, before signing for Peterborough United. He played 13 league games for United, before returning to Wigan in 1995, and finally dropping out of the Football League as he joined non-League Altrincham in February 1996. In 1997, he enjoyed a spell in the League of Ireland with Sligo Rovers under Jimmy Mullen; Kelly scored his only league goal for the club on his debut; he made a total of 17 appearances for Sligo before retiring.

Post-retirement
In 2008, Kelly rejoined Bolton Wanderers as Fans Liaison Officer. Like his former teammate John McGinlay, Kelly is a 'converted' Bolton fan and has a weekly column in The Bolton News where he gives an insight into recent events at the Wanderers. He now also coaches Bolton Wanderers' U18s alongside David Lee, Kelly's former teammate. In a September 2008 poll of Bolton fans, Kelly was voted the 34th greatest player to ever don a Bolton shirt. Kelly regularly takes part in charity football events at BWFC.

Personal life
Kelly is the uncle of Joey Barton.

Career statistics
Source:

A.  The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the Anglo-Italian Cup, Football League Trophy and Full Members Cup.

Honours
Individual
Wigan Athletic Player of the Year: 1985
PFA Team of the Year (Third Division): 1991–92

Wigan Athletic
Associate Members' Cup: 1985

Bolton Wanderers
Football League Second Division second-place promotion: 1992–93

References

1964 births
Living people
Footballers from Liverpool
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Prescot Cables F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Colchester United F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's association footballers in the Republic of Ireland
English expatriate sportspeople in Ireland
Sligo Rovers F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
League of Ireland players
Association football coaches
Bolton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff


The Zaire Use, also called Zairean Rite (), officially the Roman Missal for the Dioceses of Zaire, is a Congolese liturgical use of the Roman Rite within the Catholic Church. Approved by the Vatican in 1988, it contains many elements from the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite, but also incorporates elements from sub-Saharan African culture, particularly Congolese, including a number of inculturated liturgical modifications.

Additionally, the term "Zaire Use" may refer to the other adjusted sacramental rites utilized by Congolese dioceses.

History

The Zaire Use is largely a product of the Second Vatican Council's constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium, particularly the move "for legitimate variations and adaptations to different groups, regions, and peoples, especially in mission lands, provided that the substantial unity of the Roman rite is preserved."

It follows the 1956 Masses of the Savanes in Upper Volta and of the Piroguieres and the 1958 Missa Luba in Zaire. Following the 1970 authorization from the Congregation for the Divine Worship and the 1973 draft presentation of a new Order of the Mass from the Commission on Evangelization, the Episcopal Conference in Zaire approved its use experimentally. As the "Zairean Rite", it was adopted formally in 1985.

It was officially promulgated by the decree Zairensium Dioecesium on April 30, 1988, by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, the Missel romain pour les diocèses du Zaïre (Roman Missal for the Dioceses of Zaire). The missal containing the rubrics and text of the Zaire Use is entitled Congolese Missal for the dioceses of Zaire.

On 1 December 2019, Pope Francis celebrated Mass for the first Sunday of Advent in Saint Peter's Basilica using this rite to mark the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the first chaplaincy for the Congolese Catholic community in Rome. A year later, on 1 December 2020, Vatican News released a video statement in which Pope Francis announced that a book regarding the 1 December 2019 Mass authored by Sister Rita Mboshu Kongo would be released. Sister Rita had spoken at the conclusion of the 2019 Mass.

Differences from the Ordinary Form

Liturgical calendar
Under pressure from Zairean President Mobutu Sese Seko to remove Western influences as part of broader cultural reforms, a 1975 synod of the Congolese Episcopal Conference chose not to celebrate various feasts venerating saints when they fall during the week, moving their celebration to the nearest Sunday. This choice was approved by the Holy See. Similar pressures from the Seko government inspired a revision of the practice of baptismal names, with some families selecting traditionally native African names for common use and baptismal names such as "Grâce à Dieu" and "Gloire à Dieu."

Adjustment of the liturgy
Distinct from the Ordinary Form, the congregation stands during the consecration of the Eucharist, rather than kneeling as is done in many regions using the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite. There is also an "invocation of the Ancestors of upright heart" ("invocation ancêtres au coeur droit") in addition to the invocation of the saints. The intention of the former is the veneration of only "ancestors" "who have lived in an exemplary way."

The Penitential Act is performed following the homily or the recitation of the Creed. One stated intention for this placement is that only after listening to scripture that the congregation is able to seek forgiveness. The Sign of Peace immediately follows the Penitential Act, predicated on the Gospels calling for the need for reconciliation with one's neighbor before offering one's gift at the altar (i.e., the Liturgy of the Eucharist). In other forms of the Roman Rite, the sign occurs within the Communion rite.

Additionally, priests offering the Mass in the Zaire Use are to dress in traditionally African priestly vestments.

Participation of the laity
The Zaire Use was created with intention to better incorporate the congregation into the celebration of the Mass. To do this, responses were added, including one at the conclusion of the homily and Eucharistic prayer. Additionally, the congregation is explicitly welcomed to raise their hands for the Lord's Prayer, a practice variously allowed or prohibited by episcopal conferences utilizing the Ordinary Form.

Due to awareness of culturally normative displays of respect and attentiveness in the Congo, the congregation sits for the reading of the Gospel. An announcer also calls the congregation to attention at points in the liturgy. Dancing among the congregants is permitted.

See also
African Rite
Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Latin liturgical rites
Missa Luba

Notes

References

Further reading
 Presseamt des Heiligen Stuhls: Verlautbarungen der XI. Ordentlichen Generalversammlung der Bischofssynode. Vatikan Stadt, 2005.
 Kabongo, Edouard, Le rite zaïrois de la messe. Théologie de l'Eucharistie en contexte africano-congolais. Freiburg i. Ü.: Theologische Fakultät, 2005. (Thesis)  .
 Der neue Meßritus im Zaire -Ein Beispiel kontextueller Liturgie. Freiburg i. Br.: Herder, 1993

Roman Rite
Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Norman Ezra Lake (born December 8, 1932) is an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Inglewood, California.

Lake was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played two matches.

External links
profile

1932 births
Living people
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Inglewood, California


James "Jim" Leo Norris (July 7, 1930 – June 3, 2021) was an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. Norris was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played eight matches.

References

External links
profile

1930 births
2021 deaths
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Salt Lake City


Global Music Group is a United States-based record label, distributed by Universal Music Group. The company also has divisions in Canada, Asia and Europe.

Company history
Global Music Group was founded by Roland Turner, Tennessee and Anthony Marotta, in New York City. Roland Turner is a professional musician, who has produced more than 300 albums and toured with such artist as Tina Marie, Whitney Houston, Anita Baker, Kyper, Debbie Deb, and Stevie B. Every year, for the past 10, Roland has put together a line up of multi-platinum artist, the American All Stars and tours the World.

On June 25, 2008 with the assistance of Bankruptcy attorney Kathleen P. March and Entertainment Consultant, Ryon Patterson of KAKI Entertainment; Global Music Group, New York acquired the winning bid to purchase the hip-hop label Death Row Records for $24 million. Death Row Records, the label that released albums by Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg was available for auction after founder Suge Knight filed bankruptcy in the wake of a $107 million judgment he was ordered to pay to label co-founder Lydia Harris. The deal, however, collapsed due to infighting between the initial founders and the investors. There were multiple Global Music Group corporations created and in addition to the actual winning bid to Global Music Group, New York; each of the corporations were claiming ownership, including Global Music Group Tennessee and Global Music Group, Delaware. Subsequently, Global Music Group, New York was unable to deliver funds and the Bankruptcy Court held a new auction for the assets of Death Row Records, with the winning bid going to Canadian-based WIDEawake Entertainment Group, created in 2006 by Lara Lavi, for $18M.,

In August 2008 Global Music Group signed multi-platinum British R&B artist, Mark Morrison. The Label issued a statement on August 5, 2008 via their website welcoming Mark Morrison and emphasizing the acquisition of Death Row Records, which was ultimately unsuccessful. Soon after, in November 2008, multi-platinum selling R&B singer/songwriter Lil' Mo signed a two-album deal with Global Music Group.

In June 2009, it was announced that former Interscope and Warner Bros. record executive Kevin Black, had been appointed Chief Operating Officer of Global Music Group. Along with Cliff Wise, appointed CEO of Global Music Group Canada, and Scott C Shephard being appointed President/CEO of Global Music Group Europe.

In 2014, Roland Turner, who is still in control of Global Music Group as CEO, recently started a motion picture division.

Global Music Group in Alabama
In September 2008, Global Music Group opened an office, and studio in Mobile, Alabama. The company hosted a red carpet label launch party on October 29, 2008 in Mobile, Alabama.

In November 2012, former Chairman and CEO of the Universal Music Group, Doug Morris announced that Global Music Group signed their first artist in 4 years. Morris recently said in an interview that Global Music Group was working with a 16-year-old recording artist from Birmingham, and would soon be launching the new artist in 2013.

In February 2013, Roland Turner bought the YEE HAW theater in Branson, and has one of the top shows in town. Turner also bought the night club Midnite Rose and changed the name to RAGIN CAJUN. It has become one of the top night spots in the Branson area.

In November 2013 Michael Ward joined Global Music Group as a Partner and producer located on the West Coast. Michael has produced several hit records, and is currently working on several promising projects, which includes scoring the new Movie "Finding IT". Michael & Roland also purchased Gators Bar & Grill, located in Branson West and will open it in December 2013 as the BOURBON STREET BAR & GRILL.

Global Entertainment Group
On July 22, 2015, Global Music Group announced that the company has re-branded as Global Entertainment Group, a new International Distribution label.

Artists

Current roster
Artists who are currently signed include:

Lil' Mo
Suga Free
Marya Roxx
Mustang Sally
Stony Run
Janet Martin
Cash Camp
Fat Rate
Rage official
TRAP EMPIRE LLC.QUINTON BROWN

Former roster
Artists who were once signed include:

Mark Morrison
DMX
Derek DeGrate
Hussein Fatal
K.A.L.I.
Black Medallion
Early Pearl
C.B. Shaw

Footnotes

American record labels


The American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB); a transplant trade organization that is dedicated to ensuring that human tissues intended for transplantation are safe and free of infectious disease, of uniform high quality, and available in quantities sufficient to meet national needs.

The AATB provides accreditation for over 100 tissue banks. According to their website, AATB is a voluntary association of organizations committed to obtaining tissues for allografts (transplant) and providing the general public and the medical community with the safest products possible. The program is not regulatory in nature, but educational.

The AATB also accommodates accreditation to non-transplant tissue banks and whole body donation programs.

To avoid violating the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, AATB must through their legal anatomical authorizations obtain consent which allows AATB representatives access to donor information for accreditation reviews.

See also
Certified Tissue Bank Specialist

References

External links
 Official website

Medical and health organizations based in Virginia


John "Jack" Arthur Spargo (born June 3, 1931) is an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Hermosa Beach, California.  He graduated from El Segundo High School. He played college water polo for the UCLA Bruins serving for a time as team captain. Spargo was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played five matches. In 1981, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

References

External links

1931 births
Living people
El Segundo High School alumni
UCLA Bruins men's water polo players
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics


Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time is a 1995 best-selling book by Dava Sobel about John Harrison, an 18th-century clockmaker who created the first clock (chronometer) sufficiently accurate to be used to determine longitude at sea—an important development in navigation. The book was made into a television series entitled Longitude. In 1998, The Illustrated Longitude was published, supplementing the earlier text with 180 images of characters, events, instruments, maps and publications.

Problem of longitude

Determining longitude on land was fairly easy compared to the task at sea.  A stable surface to work from, known coordinates to refer to, a sheltered environment for the unstable chronometers of the day, and the ability to repeat determinations over time made for great accuracy.

For calculating longitude at sea however, early ocean navigators had to rely on dead reckoning, or if in sight of land, coastal navigation, which involves triangulating several bearings of the same land feature from different positions. Once out of sight of land, longitude became impossible to calculate, which sometimes led to tragedies in stormy or foggy conditions.

In order to deal with not being able to calculate longitude, captains would sail to the known latitude of their destination, and follow the line of constant latitude home.  This was known as running down a westing if westbound, or easting if eastbound. In Farley Mowat's book Westviking, he gives examples from the Norse Sagas of Vikings using this practice to hop reliably from Norway to the Faroes, then Iceland, then Greenland, then North America, and then back to Ireland, with very primitive instruments.

Determining latitude was relatively easy in that it could be found from the altitude of the sun at noon with the aid of a table giving the sun's declination for the day. Latitude can also be determined from night sightings of  Polaris, the northern pole star.

Navigating purely by latitude was of course vulnerable if the sun was clouded over at noon, and caused problems as it prevented ships from taking the most direct route, a great circle, or a route with the most favourable winds and currents, extending voyages by days or even weeks.  This increased the likelihood of short rations, scurvy or starvation leading to poor health or even death for members of the crew and resultant risk to the ship.

Errors in navigation also resulted in shipwrecks. Motivated by a number of maritime disasters attributable to serious errors in reckoning position at sea, particularly spectacular disasters such as the Scilly naval disaster of 1707 which took  Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell and four ships of his fleet, the British government established the Board of Longitude in 1714.

The prizes were to be awarded to the first person to demonstrate a practical method for determining the longitude of a ship at sea. Each prize, in increasing amounts, was for solutions of increasing accuracy.  These prizes, worth millions of dollars in today's currency, motivated many to search for a solution.

Britain was not alone in the desire to solve the problem. France's King Louis XIV founded the Académie Royale des Sciences in 1666.  It was charged with, among a range of scientific activities, the improvement  of maps and sailing charts and advancement of the science of navigation.  From 1715, the Académie offered one of the two Prix Rouillés specifically for navigation.  Spain's Philip II offered a prize for the discovery of a solution to the problem of the longitude in 1567; Philip III increased the prize in 1598.  Holland added to the effort with a prize offered in 1636. Navigators and scientists in most European countries were aware of the problem and were involved in finding the solution.  Due to the international effort in solving the problem and the scale of the enterprise, it represents one of the largest scientific endeavours in history.

Knowing longitude

As Dava Sobel explains, "To know one's longitude at sea, one needs to know what time it is aboard ship and also the time at the home port or another place of known longitude—at that very same moment. The two clock times enable the navigator to convert the hour difference into geographical separation. Since the earth takes 24 hours to revolve 360 degrees, one hour marks 1/24 of a revolution or 15 degrees. And so each hour's time difference between the ship and starting point marks a progress of fifteen degrees of longitude to the east or west.

"Every day at sea, when the navigator resets his ship's clock to local noon when the sun reaches its highest point in the sky, and then consults the home port clock, every hour's discrepancy between them translates into another fifteen degrees of longitude. One degree of longitude equals four minutes of time the world over, although in terms of distance, one degree shrinks from 60.15 nautical miles or 111 km [Earth's circumference being 21,653.521 nautical miles, or 24,901.55 statute miles at the Equator], to virtually nothing at the poles.

"Precise knowledge of the hour in two different places at once—a longitude prerequisite so easily accessible today from any pair of cheap wristwatches—was utterly unattainable up to and including the era of pendulum clocks. On the deck of a rolling ship such clocks would slow down, or speed up, or stop running altogether. Normal changes of temperature encountered en route from a cold country of origin to a tropical trade zone thinned or thickened a clock's lubricating oil and made its metal parts expand or contract with equally disastrous results. A rise or fall in barometer pressure, or the subtle variations in the Earth's gravity from one latitude to another, could also cause a clock to gain or lose time."

Before the 18th century, ocean navigators could not find an accurate way of determining longitude. A practical solution came from a gifted carpenter, John Harrison, who solved one of the most difficult problems of his time by creating an accurate chronometer. The best scientists of the time, including Sir Isaac Newton, thought it impossible. Harrison spent four decades perfecting a watch that would earn him compensation from Parliament and longitude rewards thanks to the recognition and influence of King George III of Great Britain.

Recognition
 British Book of the Year, 1997
 Modern Library 100 Best Nonfiction, 26th on the Readers List
 American Academy of Arts and Letters Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award, 1999
 Le Prix Faubert du Coton
 Il Premio del Mare Circeo
 Royal Society Prizes for Science Books, 1997 (Shortlisted)
 American Library Association Non-fiction Outstanding Books for the College Bound and Lifelong Learners, 1999
 American Library Association Outstanding Books for the College Bound and Lifelong Learners, Science and Technology, 2004

In recognition for Longitude, Sobel was named as a fellow of the American Geographical Society.

Film adaptations
Nova Online: Lost at Sea, the Search for Longitude
Longitude (TV series)

See also

American Practical Navigator
Cardinal direction
Geodetic system
Geographic coordinate system
Geotagging
Great-circle distance
History of longitude
Latitude
Lunar distance (navigation)
Prime Meridian
Sextant
World Geodetic System
John Harrison

References

External links
Booknotes interview with Sobel on Longitude, January 17, 1999.

1995 non-fiction books
Science books
History of navigation


Peter James Stange (born February 28, 1931) is an American water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Santa Monica, California.  Stange was a water polo player while a student at the University of California, Los Angeles. Stange was a member of the American water polo team which finished fourth in the 1952 tournament. He played three matches.

External links
profile

1931 births
Living people
UCLA Bruins men's water polo players
American male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics


Wang Ziping (1881–1973, Xiao'erjing: ) was a Chinese Muslim practitioner of Chinese Martial Arts and traditional medicine from Cangzhou, Cangxian county, Mengcun, Hebei Province. He served as the leader of the Shaolin kung fu division of the Martial Arts Institute in 1928 and was also the vice chairman of the Chinese Wushu Association. Wang was known for his mastery of Chaquan, Huaquan, Leopard kung fu, Bajiquan, and tai chi. He was also a master of Wushu.

Biography
Early in his life, Wang fought in the Boxer Rebellion against the foreign Western and Japanese imperialist Eight-Nation Alliance. This was believed to be resulting from the fact that Ziping had lived most of his life with China under imperialist pressure from major European powers. Some accounts say he was forced into exile from his home after the end of the Boxer Rebellion and suppression of the Boxers, and became a student of Yang Hongxiu, from whom he learned the art of Chaquan.

Wang won many fights against Russian, American, German, and Japanese martial artists.

Wang defeated a German officer's challenge in a weight lifting contest at Jiaoji. When the Germans wanted to take the antique doors of the Qinzhou mosque for themselves, Wang Ziping guarded the doors so the Germans challenged him to another weight lifting contest. When Wang triumphed over their challenge, the Germans left.

Wang and Zhu Guofu defended martial arts historian Tang Hao (Tang Fansheng) from opponents who were angered by his work "Shaolin-Wudang Kao" which refuted the story of Bodhidharma and Zhang Sanfeng as being the creators of Shaolin and Tai chi.

Liu Jin Sheng, who authored "Chin Na Methods" along with Zhao Jiang, was a student of Wang.

He developed an exercise regime for long life. He published works on martial arts exercises.

At the sixth National Games Wang served as a judge for martial arts and wrestling. When Zhou Enlai visited Burma, Wang, then 80 years old, went with them performed martial arts during the visit. He died when he was 93 years old.

Wang developed "Quan Shr Er Shr Fa" (Twenty Fist Method) as well as "Ching Long Jian" (Green Dragon Sword).

Family
He was succeeded by his only daughter Wang Jurong, and his three granddaughters through her are Grace X. Wu, Helen Wu, and Wu Xiaoping.

References

External links
 Article on the life of Wang Ziping from Glenridge Martial Arts Academy
 Biography of Wang Ziping from Shaolin Wu-Yi Institute
 Image of Wang Zi Ping
 Publications
 From Warriors to Sportsmen: How Traditional Chinese Martial Arts Adapted to Modernity

Chinese martial artists
Chinese Muslims
Hui people
People from Cangzhou
1973 deaths
1881 births
Sportspeople from Hebei
Naqshbandi order
Chinese Sufis


Helen Wu (born 1956) is Chinese Muslim martial artist living in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The daughter of Wang Ju-Rong and Wu Chengde began her martial arts training at age three with her mother and her grandfather Wang Zi-Ping, the world-renowned Wushu Grandmaster.

Education and research

After she graduated from Shanghai University, Wu began teaching in the department of Sports Medicine.

Now, Wu  lives and teaches in Toronto, Ontario, Canada where she served on the board of the Canadian Taijiquan Federation and United Wushu Federation of Canada. She is a faculty member with the York University School of Kinesiology and Health Science.

Wu has acted as a consultant on several studies on the benefits of Chi-Kung:

The Effects of Vigorous Exercise Training on Motor Function and Functional, Fitness in Juvenile Arthritis. Dr. Brian M Feldman
Feasibility and Impact of Qigong as Compared to Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment of Childhood Chronic Musculo-Skeletal Pain: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial, Dr Shirley ML Tse MD FRCPC; Dr. Brian M Feldman

Professional accomplishments

Wu is has coached several medal-winning athletes.

Silver Medal, Group Events Category, U.S.A All-Taijiquan Competition (1999)
19 Medals including Silver and Bronze All-Round Grand Championships, U.S.A All-Taijiquan Competition (2000)
23 Medals including Bronze All-Round Grand Championships, U.S.A All-Taijiquan Competition (2001)

Wu co-authored with Wen-Ching Wu Tai Chi Single Fan for Health and Martial Arts  and Chi-Kung, Tai Chi and Fan: A Step by Step Training Course for Wellness and Personal Development. There were used as a text for her courses at York University.

Wu has also published articles for martial arts magazines: Flying Rainbow: The Fan of Martial Arts co-authored with Marsha Zeust for Kungfu Magazine (1999) and A Fan for Life for Inside Kung-fu magazine (2007).

External links
 Helen Wu's Official Website

References

Chinese wushu practitioners
Chinese Muslims
Living people
Hui sportspeople
1956 births


Victoria Day is a 2009 Canadian independent film directed by David Bezmozgis and produced by Markham Street Films. The film stars Mark Rendall in the lead role, as well as Holly Deveaux, Sergiy Kotelenets, Nataliya Alyexeyenko, John Mavrogiannis, and Scott Beaudin.

Plot
The film's story takes place the week preceding the Victoria Day long weekend in Toronto, the year of 1988. The story line depicts the weeklong journey of a sixteen-year-old ordinary teenage boy, Ben Spektor, and the conspiring events that sequence to a coming-of-age story.

The film begins on Sunday May 19, 1988. The Victoria Day weekend is fast approaching, initiating the coming end of another high school year. The attention of characters first seems to rest on the Stanley Cup finals, which are in play in Boston with Wayne Gretzky's Edmonton Oilers facing the Boston Bruins. Since Ben Spektor's life is mostly centered on hockey, he is portrayed as the star player of his Toronto Red Wings minor hockey league team, resembling the skills of a young Gretzky throughout the film's opening scenes. However, a life-altering event changes the course of Ben's path as he attends a Bob Dylan concert alongside his juvenile close friends: Sammy and Noah. While there, Ben spots Jordan Chapman, his classmate, hockey teammate, and tormentor, taking part in what appears to be a routine drug deal. Being short of five dollars to purchase the drugs, Jordan provokes Ben into reluctantly spotting him the remainder. This critical affair seemed hardly significant to Ben at the time— he could not have foreseen the life-altering consequences this event would have on his future.

As the days pass, Jordan's whereabouts are a mystery, and the city police organize a search party that is ultimately fruitless. With a guilty conscience and the fear of Jordan's disappearance, the days drag on for Ben. However, the sequence of events initiate a budding romance for Ben and Jordan's fifteen-year-old sister, Cayla. From love and romance, to the future of Ben's hockey career, Ben's adolescent life appears to be promising. Yet, the continuous discomfort of his teammate's disappearance preoccupies Ben's life, drastically altering the determined path of his promising future.

Cast
Mark Rendall as Ben Spektor
Sergiy Kotelenets as Yuri Spektor
Nataliya Alyexeyenko as Mila Spektor
Mitchell Amaral as Jordan Chapman
Holly Deveaux as Cayla Chapman
John Mavro as Sammy Balaban
Scott Beaudin as Noah Hartsman
Greta Onieogou as Sara
Melanie Leishman as Melanie
Duane Murray as Coach Ken
Jeff Pustil as Jerry Chapman
Scotty Cook as Tim Wilson
Brendan Price as Brad McCoulough

Reception
A lot of suburban Toronto is depicted in the film, including city landmarks like Ontario Place. Since the film is set in Canada and named after a Canadian public holiday, there are definite illustrations of the life of a teenage boy in Canada. Regardless of these distinct references, Bezmozgis states, "I didn't set out to make a film that is distinctly Canadian, I set out to make a movie that reflected my experience of growing up, and it just happened to be in Toronto. It's an experience that could have happened for the most part in Chicago, or New York, Boston or Los Angeles. It happened to take place in Toronto, so there are elements that are specific to Toronto, but the story itself is like any teenage story in North America."

Finally, the film was featured at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, in the World Dramatic Competition category. "In what amounts to a record, the movie was picked up faster for Sundance than any other Canadian film in history - enough to the point that the press kit and other promotional material had to be hastily assembled."

According to John Anderson of Variety "The hero of Victoria Day doesn't quite come of age, but he realizes he'll have to in writer-helmer David Bezmozgis' tale of late-'80s Toronto teenagers -- one of whom disappears like Amelia Earhart, endowing this Canadian production with an undercurrent of apprehension".

Accolades

References

External links
Official website via web.archive.org

Films set in Toronto
Films shot in Toronto
Films scored by Lesley Barber
Canadian coming-of-age drama films
2000s Canadian films


Pánuco is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located in the Huasteca Alta region of Veracruz and shares borders with the states of San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas. The municipal seat is the city of Pánuco, Veracruz.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the municipality of Pánuco reported a total population of 91,006, of whom 33,122 lived in the municipal seat.
Of the municipality's inhabitants, 1,421 (1.5%) spoke an indigenous language, primarily Nahuatl.

The municipality of Pánuco covers a total surface area of 3277.81 km².

The name "Pánuco" comes from the Río Pánuco, which crosses the municipality.

Settlements in the municipality
Pánuco (municipal seat; 2005 population 33,122)
El Moralillo (population 8,124)
Tamos (3,362)
Guayalejo (2,757)
Villa Calilao (2,060)

References

External links
  Municipal Official Site

Municipalities of Veracruz
Pánuco River

fr:Pánuco (Veracruz)
ru:Пануко (Веракрус)


Tilang is a raga in Indian classical music, that belongs to the Khamaj Thaat.

Scale
 Arohana (ascending scale):
 Avarohana (descending scale):

This raga has a Ni flat (ni komal) in the descent.

Its defining characteristics are: PS'NS'nP, PS'NS'PnP; some ragis add a R (S*R*NS*PnP).

Vadi and samvadi
 Vadi note: Ga
 Samvadi : Ni

In Carnatic music
This raga originated in Hindustani classical music and has been taken into Carnatic music. It is derived from the 28th Melakarta (parent scale) Harikambhoji. It is an audava-audava raga (pentatonic asymmetrical scale) with the following structure.
 Arohana:
 Avarohana:

Compositions
Shree Ganesha charanam composed by Papanasam Sivan is a popular composition set in this ragam.

Ramakrishnaru Manege, Tarakka Bindige By Purandara Dasa
Satyavantara Sangaviralu By Kanaka Dasa

Film songs

Language : Hindi

Tamil

Language : Telugu

Scale similarities
 Gambhiranata raga is a symmetrical raga with N3 (Kakali nishadha) in both ascending and descending scales, while Tilang uses Kaisiki nishada (N2) in descending scale.
 Savitri raga is a symmetrical raga with N2 (Kaisiki nishadha) in both ascending and descending scales, while Tilang uses Kakali nishada (N3) in ascending scale.

Hence, Tilang has arohana of Gambhiranata, and avarohana of Savitri.

Notes

References

Janya ragas
Ragas


Geldolph Adriaan "Dolf" Kessler (2 April 1884 – 21 August 1945) was a Dutch footballer and industrialist. Kessler – along with brother Boeli and cousins Tonny and Dé – played club football for amateur side HVV Den Haag. Kessler also won three caps for the Dutch national side between 1905 and 1906.

Family Background

Kessler was born in a very wealthy family from The Hague, the oldest son of six children. His father Jean Baptiste August Kessler (1853–1900) was the first director of the Koninklijke Maatschappij tot exploitatie van Petroleumbronnen in Nederlandsch-Indië (K.N.M.E.P.) (Royal Dutch Society for the exploitation of Petroleumsources in the Dutch East-Indies), which would eventually turn into the Koninklijke Nederlandse Petroleum Maatschappij (Royal Dutch Petroleum Company), now named Royal Dutch Shell.

Football career

Dolf made his debut as a football player at seventeen years of age, at the Hague football club HVV. At first he stood leftback, later he was a right winger. At HVV he became national champion four times between 1901 and 1905. On 30 April 1905 he was captain during the first official international match of the Dutch national team. They beat Belgium with a 4–1 score. The second interland and first home match also saw Kessler leading the team. For his third and last interland in 1906 Dolf had passed the captaincy on to Kees Bekker. Kessler seriously considered a career in football until later that year he dislocated his knee, ending his career in football. Sports, however, remained important to him.

Business career

In 1907 Kessler graduated from the Technische Hogeschool Delft (Delft University of Technology), as a mechanical engineer. He got a job as secretary for Henri Deterding, who had succeeded Dolf's father as the director of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company. He worked for the company until 1915, when he left to look for a different job. As Joost Jonker and Jan Luiten van Zanden write in A History of the Royal Dutch Shell, his fiancée, Elizabeth "Bep" Stoop (herself a daughter of a prominent oil explorer, Adriaan Stoop), "put his love for her to the test by asking him to choose between her and the Group." His younger brother Jean Baptiste August "Guus" Kessler Jr., who had married Bep's cousin, Anna Francoise "Ans" Stoop, continued with the Royal Dutch and eventually rose to head their father's company.

In 1918 Dolf joined the committee for the funding of the Hoogovens (Dutch Blast Furnaces). In 1920 he became economical director and from 1924 on he was also the director-general. He was considered a very innovative manager, steering the company through the difficult economic environment of the Great Depression; he also believed it was necessary to provide fair wages and establish a pension plan—unusual for that time. "His drive, entrepreneurship, imagination and leadership secured Hoogovens a firm foothold in a very competitive industry at a very difficult time." Dolf and his brother Guus, as leading figures in two major Dutch business concerns, at one point formed a joint venture between the Hoogovens and Royal Dutch Shell to combat a perceived threat to the oil business by IG Farben.

Kessler would remain the director of Hoogovens until his death from a brain tumor in 1945, with a short break during the Second World War, when the Germans kept him hostage in camp Beekvliet in Sint-Michielsgestel.

Personal life

Dolf and his wife Bep (1891–1968) had four sons and two daughters. Their home, known as Slingerduin or the Villa Kessler, was built and designed in 1929 by the prominent Dutch architect Hendrik Wouda (1885–1946), a follower of Frank Lloyd Wright. They owned one of the few known paintings by Hercules Seghers (1589/90–1637/38)--"River Valley" (1620)--which now is displayed by the Mauritshuis Museum (Royal Picture Gallery) in The Hague.

Kessler was an uncle of the Dutch diplomat and historian Max Kohnstamm (1914–2010), with whom he was interned at camp Beekvliet in Sint-Michielsgestel; they became quite close there despite the difference in age. The American journalist Glenn Kessler is one of his grandchildren.

In 2016, the Rijksmuseum published, as part of its Studies in Photography series, "Around the World in 87 Photographs: Dolph Kessler's Grand Tour, 1908," by Mickey Hoyle. Kessler took photographs while traveling on business for Royal Dutch Shell with Deterding. His photographs, and the commentary he wrote to his mother, are described as an early example of a photographic travel journal, as very few people at that time were privileged to make such a journey.

External links
 Player profile at VoetbalStats.nl
 KESSLER, Geldolph Adriaan (1884–1945), Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands
 Photographs by Geldolph Adriaan Kessler, 1895–1913, housed at the Nederlands Rijksmuseum
 Kessler family archives, with extensive letters and speeches by Geldolph Adriaan Kessler
 Photographs of Geldolph Adriaan Kessler, E.M.L. Kessler-Stoop and children
River Valley (1620) by Hercules Seghers

References and sources

References

Sources

 KESSLER, Geldolph Adriaan (1884–1945), Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands

Publications

 E.M.L. Kessler-Stoop, Terugblick op het leven en de persoon van Geldolph Adriaan Kessler ("Looking back on the life and person of Geldolph Adriaan Kessler"), privately printed collection of letters, The Netherlands, 175 pages.
 Nicolette Kessler-Leemans and Beppe Kessler, Tussen Moeder en Zoon: Briefwisseling Margo Kessler-deLange en haar zoon Dolph, 1901–1938 ("Between Mother and Son: Correspondence from Margo Kessler-DeLange to her son Dolph"), privately printed collection of letters, The Netherlands, 423 pages, 2004.
Janneke van Gool, G.A. Kessler: Innovatief ondernemerschap bij Hoogovens ("G.A. Kessler, Innovative Entrepreneurship at Hoogovens"), thesis for economic and social history, University of Nijmegen, 1998.

1884 births
1945 deaths
20th-century Dutch businesspeople
Dutch men's footballers
Netherlands men's international footballers
People from Batavia, Dutch East Indies
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Kessler family
Deaths from brain tumor
Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands
Prisoners and detainees of Germany


Robert B. Shapiro (born August 4, 1938 in New York City) is an American businessman and attorney who has worked extensively with the biochemical corporations G. D. Searle & Company and Monsanto.  Before working in this sector he was Vice-President and legal counsel at General Instrument from 1972 to 1979.  His father, Moses, was Chairman of this company from 1969 to 1975.

From 1979 he worked as attorney for the Illinois-based G. D. Searle. In 1982 he became CEO and Chairman of the NutraSweet subsidiary.  The FDA approved aspartame's use in soft drinks in November 1983, and Pepsi was among the first brands to deploy the product on a large scale in the United States.

When G. D. Searle was acquired by Monsanto in 1985, Shapiro moved up the management chain in the ladder, becoming Vice President in 1990, President in 1993 and CEO in 1995.  He remained CEO of Monsanto until 2000.  He oversaw a period of industrial expansion, acquisitions, and consumer regulatory approval for the genetically-engineered seed businesses.

In 2000 Monsanto merged with the U.S.-based pharmaceutical company Pharmacia & Upjohn to form Pharmacia Corp.  Shapiro became chair of this entity until he stepped down in February 2001. Fred Hassan became CEO of Pharmacia.  The agricultural business of the merged entity was later spun out of Pharmacia to form Monsanto Company, a business focused on agricultural products.  Pharmacia Corporation was subsequently acquired by Pfizer.

Shapiro was a co-founder of Sandbox Industries, a Chicago-based business incubator and venture fund manager in 2003, and currently serves as one of its managing directors.

He is on the board of Conservis, a Sandbox funded firm.

Shapiro was an early member of the board of directors of Theranos, the company created by Elizabeth Holmes with the goal of disrupting the blood-testing industry.

He has a BA from Harvard University and a JD from Columbia Law School.

References

Sources
Hutchington Encyclopedia

American manufacturing businesspeople
American chief executives of food industry companies
20th-century American Jews
American lawyers
Harvard University alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
1938 births
Living people
Monsanto employees
21st-century American Jews


Scarlett is a 2006 novel by Cathy Cassidy. It won the 2007 Royal Mail Award for Scottish Children's Books in the 12–16 age group. It reached number 8 in the Ottakars sales chart for children's books in June 2006. The plot revolves around the 12-year-old girl of the title, who is badly affected by the break-up of her parents. After leading a food fight at school, she is sent from London to live with her father in Ireland.

Summary
Scarlett is a troubled 12-year-old girl who acts out and has attended five schools in two years. She had a brilliant life up until she was 10 years old when her father left them to go live in Ireland with his new partner Clare and her nine-year-old daughter Holly. This affects Scarlett deeply and, with encouragement from her mother, Scarlett grows very angry at her dad, tearing up birthday cards and various other presents given to her from him.

Scarlett acts out a lot in school and after her third suspension from Greenhall Academy, she is permanently excluded, due to her causing a riot in the school cafeteria, insulting dinner ladies, and throwing food around due to her being a vegetarian. Her mother is extremely disappointed and tells Scarlett she has no other choice but to live with her father. Scarlett protests, throws things, and shouts, but her mother stands her ground and sends her away.

Scarlett is determined to be as bad as possible when she gets there, to scare them and show her dad she has changed big time and how much his leaving has affected her. Her mother asks her not to tell her dad that she got her tongue pierced but Scarlett shows every intention of doing so.

Her father collects her from Ireland West Airport Knock and she is set on not talking to him at all but in the car she breaks this silence accidentally. Her father persists in talking to her, being friendly and apologizing but Scarlett will not accept any of what he is saying.

When they get to the cottage, Scarlett discovers something very unexpected – Clare, her stepmother, is pregnant. Clare's daughter, Holly – Scarlett's stepsister – is a very bubbly and friendly nine-year-old, chatting to Scarlett, although she does not exactly get a very enthusiastic response.

For school the next day, Scarlett avoids it by pretending she forgot her pencil case and purposefully missing the bus she was supposed to take with Holly. Her father catches her in the house, however, and drives her to the school, very disappointed in her. Scarlett gets upset doing an Irish worksheet about "Mo Chlann" (English: My Family). She climbs out of the window and walks for miles. After receiving a phone call from Mum, she throws her mobile in the lough and becomes furious in the forest, eventually being rescued by Kian, a Traveller boy of about 13 or 14, on a black horse named Midnight. Scarlett's father tells her she is going to be home schooled, at least for the time being. She enjoys this as she gets to study at the lough, talking to Kian, drawing the different plants and naming them in different languages. She is progressing well and settling in with her new family.

Kian's father and uncle come looking for him but Scarlett tells them she doesn't know Kian. She  apologizes to Kian and he accepts but says he will have to go back – he ran away after his mother died of cancer. They arrange to say goodbye at the lough.

The summer holidays have started and Holly asks Scarlett to pierce her nose. Scarlett refuses but when she gets blackmailed by Holly she agrees. Holly jumps at the last minute and the pin they were using slips, piercing a hole in Holly's lip by mistake.

Holly is taken to hospital and gets stitches, so the adults are very disappointed in Scarlett even though for once, she apologizes for her actions. The next day, Holly and Scarlett's dad head up to Galway for a dentist's appointment and to deliver handmade soap that Clare makes for a living. Scarlett helps Clare with her soap while Holly and her dad are gone and then Scarlett offers to contribute something towards Clare's quilt that she is making for the new baby – all the family put in a piece of their own clothing to stitch in. They go up to the attic and Scarlett discovers her father kept all her old dresses and toys although he was meant to throw them away.

Meanwhile, a lightning storm has started up and thunderous noises make them go back downstairs. On the way down the ladder, there is a blackout and Clare screams and falls down. After waking her up, Scarlett discovers Clare is in labor. She runs to the lough for Kian's help as it is just approaching the time they had set to say goodbye – one o'clock. He is nowhere to be seen but on her way back to the cottage she finds two American tourists who drive them to the hospital and let Scarlett use their mobile phone to call Scarlett's father and inform him of the recent events. Clare has a long labor and the baby girl is premature so is put in an incubator, to be on the safe side.

Scarlett kisses Kian and decides that she should go back home to London and is happy there at last.

References

External links

Royal Mail Award
Cathy Cassidy

2006 British novels
Scottish novels
British children's novels
Novels set in Ireland
2006 children's books
Puffin Books books
Books by Cathy Cassidy
Children's books set in Ireland


Nicolas Jean Ernault de Rignac des Bruslys (7 August 1757 – 25 September 1809) was a French general and governor of Île Bonaparte.

Biography

Early career
Des Bruslys joined the École des Mineurs in Verdun on September 28, 1774. After the school closed the following year, he joined an elite cavalry unit, the Gardes du Corps du Roi (bodyguards of the king). He received a commission of second lieutenant in the 3rd Artillery regiment in July 1780.

In 1781, des Bruslys took part in an attempt to invade India. He was promoted to first lieutenant in September 1783 and to captain of the Colonial troops on 7 May 1786. He took part in a diplomatic mission to Persia before returning to France in 1787.

From January 1788, he served as aide to the inspector of the artillery. In September, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. On September 14, he distinguished himself at La Croix-aux-Bois, reforming disbanded battalions and disbanding four battalions which were threatened with encirclement. On the following day, he saved the supplies of his army which were being attacked by three squadrons.

On 8 October 1789, he was promoted to Adjudant-général-colonel, and took part in the siege of Namur, personally leading the capture of the fort of Vilatte. On 26 November he was wounded by shrapnel in the right arm.

French revolution
From 26 January 1793, he led the siege at Maastricht where he was wounded on 27 February 1794 by a cannonball in the right leg.

On 7 August 1794, des Bruslys was promoted to acting Général de brigade and served as de facto chief of staff of the armies of the North, of Belgium and of Ardennes. His rank was confirmed on 13 May, but revoked on 10 August and he was arrested shortly thereafter following suspicions raised by the defection of his brothers in 1791. He was released at the Thermidorian Reaction, on 9 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794). On 22 Thermidor (9 August), he was again arrested as former head of staff of Custine. He was freed on 19 Frimaire an III (9 December 1794) and dispatched to the West Army.

Des Bruslys was soon called back to Paris, and defended the Convention nationale during the Prairial uprising.

On 26 Germinal (15 April 1795), he was sent to the Army of the North. From 25 Pluviôse an V (13 February 1797), he was in charge of defending the coast.

On 28 Messidor an VI (16 July 1798), he was sent to the Army of England, which he quit to take back his previous position on 21 Nivôse an VII (10 January 1799). He was seconded to the Army of the Rhine on 26 Frimaire an VIII (17 December 1799), where he distinguished himself at Fribourg and Biberach an der Riß. He served under Jean Victor Marie Moreau at Ulm and defended St. Gotthard Pass.

In Vendémiaire an X (October 1801), he took command of the Souham division, before being put at the disposal of the Ministry of the Navy. On 25 Nivôse (15 January 1802), he was sent to Rochefort, embarked aboard the frigate Thêmis and sailed to Île de France (now Mauritius), under François-Louis Magallon. He married there.

When Magallon was sent back to France, Decaen appointed des Bruslys governor of Réunion. On 4 Germinal an XII (25 March 1804), he received the Legion of Honour, and on 13 July 1808, he was promoted to Général de division.

First French Empire
Decaen had thought that the British would attempt a raid at Saint Paul. Des Bruslys both did not share the conviction and was reluctant to weaken the defences of Saint-Denis, thinking that his forces did not allow him effectively to defend the entire coastline.

The British raided Saint Paul on 21 September 1809. Unable to hold their position, the French retreated to a position near the gunpowder store. Corbett himself showed up with an ultimatum threatening to set the entire city on fire, should the French attack.

On the next day, des Bruslys led his force of 50 soldiers and 800 militiamen of the National Guard to counter the British, and found himself facing a 900-man strong expeditionary force already settled in Saint Paul. Des Bruslys hesitated between launching a direct assault and building a defensive line to contain the British. In the evening, he retreated to Saint-Denis in order to organise its defense against a potential invasion, leaving Captain Saint-Michel to negotiate with the British.

On 23 September, des Bruslys refused to sign the capitulation act written in Saint Paul. General Soleille then threatened him with the decree of 14 Pluviôse an II (2 February 1794), which made "cowardice on the battlefield" punishable by the death penalty, should he not order an assault. Since he wanted neither to surrender nor to order an assault which he deemed would have ended up in a needless bloodbath, he redacted a note stating:

Bruslys then attempted to kill himself with his sabre, but failed. He then tried to blow his head off by detonating two sacks of gunpowder tied to his neck, but the powder failed to explode properly and left him severely burned. He eventually slit his carotid with his razor, successfully killing himself.

His widow obtained a 1000-franc pension in 1811.

References

 Charles Mullié, Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850, 1852.
 Général de division DES BRUSLYS

1757 births
1809 deaths
People from Brive-la-Gaillarde
Suicides by firearm in France
French generals
French military personnel who committed suicide
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Governors of Réunion
Suicides by sharp instrument in France


Nancy Sullivan (born 1985) is an English actress and singer.

Early life and training
Nancy was born in Bermondsey where she grew up with her family, her Dad was a boxer and furniture dealer, Mum later worked in a library, she is eldest of three children. She trained at the BRIT School and then continued her training at the London School of Musical Theatre. She graduated in 2004 and began to audition and start her career.

Career
Her first job was working for Andrew Lloyd Webber at his Sydmonton Festival (2005), playing the role of Jenny in the world premier of The Likes Of Us. This was the first show Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote together, the cast included Stephen Fry, Sally Anne Triplett, Hannah Waddingham and Michael Simkins. Sullivan can be heard on the cast recording of The Likes Of Us and appeared on BBC Radio 2's Friday Night Is Music Night performing the role in concert. She then workshopped a new Tony Award winning musical, Urinetown, in which she played the role of Little Becky (2005). Other roles Sullivan played included Nicola in Hitting Town (2005),  Cinderella in Cinderella (2005), Lisa in Footballer's Wives (2006), Lucy in Love Me Dorothy at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe (2006), understudy Dorothy in the RSC version of The Wizard of Oz for the West Yorkshire Playhouse (2006).

She went on to create the role of Chloe for the new Take That musical, Never Forget, which completed a UK tour in 2007. Her performance can be seen on the Never Forget DVD, filmed by Universal Pictures and heard on the cast recording. In 2008, Sullivan applied for the BBC's I'd Do Anything to play the role of Nancy in Oliver!, Sullivan was taken through to the final stages and down the last 20 girls before leaving the competition. Having been noticed on the programme, Sullivan appeared as her dream role of Eponine in Les Misérables in the West End, playing the role for two years (2008-2010).

In 2013, Sullivan worked on the play Beautiful Thing at the Arts Theatre, where she was understudy to the roles of Leah and Sandra, played by the actresses Suranne Jones and Zaraah Abrahams. She later performed both roles. She then went to play the Niece in The Good Person of Szechwan at The Colchester Mercury Theatre, and then to play Sherbet in the 21st Anniversary Production of The Fastest Clock in the Universe at the Old Red Lion. This production received five star reviews and was filmed by the V&A for their National Video Archives of Performance.

More recent activities

Sullivan has gone on to work on independent British films, new writing and other stage works. Her roles include; Joanne in What If Like Me (British Film 2011), Shy in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (Union Theatre 2011), various roles in Who's Stalking John Barrowman? (New Workshop piece 2012), Liza in Liza Liza Liza (New Workshop piece 2012), Les Misérables directed by Tom Hooper, in which she played one of the Lovely Ladies (2012), Anthea in Judy The Righteous (Trafalgar Studios and Kings Head Theatre 2012), Sandy in Smile Baby Smile (British Film 2012); plus understudy to Sandra and Leah in the play Beautiful Thing (The Arts Theatre, West Yorkshire Playhouse and Liverpool Everyman 2013).

In 2014, she returned to teaching at Rascals Theatre School in Ilford.

She runs a workshop company with David Thaxton, W1 Workshops, aimed at people wishing to further their development in the performing arts world.

References

External links
 Official Nancy Sullivan Website
 W1 Workshops

1986 births
Living people
Actresses from London
English singers
English musical theatre actresses
People from Bermondsey
English actresses


Hermann Johannes "Boelie" Kessler (30 November 1896 – 17 August 1971) was a Dutch football player. Kessler - along with brother Dolf and cousins Tonny and Dé - played club football for amateur side HVV Den Haag. Kessler also won nine caps for the Dutch national side between 1919 and 1922, scoring two goals. He was the youngest son of Dutch oil entrepreneur Jean Baptiste August Kessler.

External links
 Player profile at VoetbalStats.nl

1896 births
1971 deaths
Dutch men's footballers
Netherlands men's international footballers
Footballers from The Hague
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Kessler family


Pánuco () is a city in the  Mexican state of Veracruz, located in the state's Huasteca Alta region. It serves as the municipal seat of the surrounding Pánuco Municipality. It stands on the banks of the Río Pánuco.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the city of Pánuco reported a total population of 33,122.

History
Pánuco is traditionally held to have been founded by Hernán Cortés on 22 December 1522, as Villa de Santiesteban del Puerto, the second ayuntamiento on the American continent. It was the capital of the Province of Pánuco in the early colonial period. It was given city status on 30 June 1931.

Hernando de Soto's 1541 expedition stopped in Panuco after his death.

On April 23, 1900, Pánuco was destroyed by fire, leaving more than 2,000 homeless.

References

Populated places in Veracruz
Pánuco River
Populated places established in 1522


PML Flightlink was a Hampshire based firm specialising in the design and manufacture of "pancake" (flat) electric motors. The company operated for over 30 years in a number of markets including defense, aerospace, mobility, motion control, processing and printing. In 2006, they demonstrated an in-wheel electric motor for cars called the Hi-Pa Drive at the British Motor Show in London, using a Mini dubbed the "Mini QED." Two other car manufacturers have also presented concept cars using this technology: Volvo in its Volvo ReCharge, and Ford with a Ford F150 pick-up prototype presented at the 2008 SEMA Show in Las Vegas.

Administration and split
On 28 November 2008 by UK court order PML was put into administration (insolvency handling in the UK similar to Chapter 11 in the United States).
After the court case, PML was split in two in 2009: Protean Electric continue to develop automotive in-wheel motor applications of the Hi-Pa Drive; and Printed Motor Works design and manufacture Printed Armature/Pancake electric motors, joysticks and drive systems.

References

Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Companies disestablished in 2009


REVSTAT is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that publishes papers related to statistics. It is published in English by the Instituto Nacional de Estatística, the national statistical office of Portugal. The journal was established in 2003, when it replaced the journal Revista de Estatística. It publishes two issues each year, both in print (subscription) and online as open access.

Abstracting and indexing
REVSTAT is abstracted and indexed in Current Index to Statistics, Science Citation Index Expanded, MathSciNet, Statistical Theory and Method Abstracts, and Zentralblatt MATH.

External links

Statistics journals
Academic journals established in 2003
Open access journals
English-language journals
Biannual journals


Complementarity assets is defined as “the total economic value added by combining certain complementary factors in a production system, exceeding the value that would be generated by applying these production factors in isolation.”  Thus two assets are said to be complements when investment in one asset increases the marginal return on the other. On the contrary, assets are substitutes when investment in one does not affect the marginal return of the other.

The production process is described by the production function , where  and  are the amounts invested of the two assets, then it is possible to define formally the elasticity of substitution as

If  is equal to 1, the assets are substitutes; if lower, complements; if higher antagonists.

Strategy

In the field of strategy, the concept is sometimes understood to apply to assets, infrastructure or capabilities needed to support the successful commercialization and marketing of a technological innovation, other than those assets fundamentally associated with that innovation. The term was first coined by David Teece.  Key empirical studies on complementary assets were conducted by Frank T. Rothaermel.

Complementary assets are broken down into three general types:
 Generic assets: "general purpose" assets which do not need to be tailored to a particular innovation;
 Specialized assets: unilateral dependence between the innovation and the complementary asset;
 Cospecialized assets: bilateral dependence between the innovation and the complementary asset.

Complementary assets, among other factors, are important for organizations wishing to commercialize and profit from an innovation.
 Firms will accordingly aim to acquire and sustain complementary assets, in order to strengthen a firm's asset base in particular in the light of innovation.

Examples

New biotechnology firms often lack the complementary assets to commercialize their innovations and thus form collaborative partnerships with large incumbent firms who do possess the necessary complementary assets such as manufacturing capabilities, marketing channels, brand name, etc. (Rothaermel, 2001)

RC Cola was the first firm to commercialize both diet cola and cola in a can. However, rivals Coca-Cola and Pepsi soon imitated this and beat RC Cola out of the market based on their superior marketing capabilities and brand name recognition, i.e. their complementary assets (Teece, 1986) .

It has also been demonstrated that competencies in process innovation and implementation moderate the extent to which a firm's environmental management competencies create a cost advantage.

Antagonistic Assets

The opposite of complementary assets are called antagonistic assets. These are defined as a combination of resources that jointly reduce value from the implementation of other resources. In other words, a firm strategy combining antagonistic assets produces an effect smaller than the sum of the individual effects of each resource.

References

Investment
Innovation
Asset management


Meo or MEO may refer to:

 Meo (surname), list of people with the surname
 Marco Enríquez-Ominami (born 1973), Chilean politician
 Medium Earth orbit, region of space around Earth above low Earth orbit
 Meo (ethnic group), Muslim inhabitants of Mewat, a region in North-Western India
 Méo, a town in Ivory Coast
 MEO (telecommunication company), a brand of Portugal Telecom used for services targeting individuals and homes
 Miao people (from transcription), group of peoples living in Southern China and Southeast Asia
 Kedah Malay (ISO 639-3 code), a variety of the Malayan languages

See also
 Meos (disambiguation)


Varne is a British Marque of sailing yacht built in Essex by Varne Marine in the 1970s and 1980s. It is named after the Varne Bank in the Straits of Dover.

Varne 27, Varne 850 & Weston 8500
The most notable model produced was the Varne 27, designed by Duncan Stuart, and its successors the Varne 850 (a metricised rebranding). In approximately 1980, Weston Yachts purchased the moulds from Varne Marine and produced the Weston 8500; available in Fin, lifting Centreboard or Bilge Keel configurations.

The Varne 27 was described as "the best second hand boat you've never heard of" by Practical Boat Owner Magazine in the year 2000.

In May 2008, Sailing Today magazine described the Varne 27 as "an old school classic in the mould of the Nicholsons, Contessas and Rustlers of her day. She is fast and formidable in a good blow while remaining impeccably mannered. Her motion at sea is supremely smooth, as you'd expect from a deep-veed hull with long overhangs, and she is built to withstand a storm at sea with little consequence"

Varne Folkboat
A Varne Folkboat was also produced and the company also built the MK4 Hurley Silhouette.

Varne Marine
Varne Marine was formed by "energetic entrepreneur" Walter Standing, incorporated 1973 and liquidated in 1986.

Varne Owners Association
The Varne Owners Association, a club for owners of Varne-based yachts was formed in 2005.

References

External links

Images
Varne 27 and Sailplan

British boat builders
Sailboat types built by Varne Marine