Equity feminism is a form of liberal feminism that advocates the state's equal treatment of women and men without challenging inequalities perpetuated by employers, educational and religious institutions, and other elements of society. The concept has been discussed since the 1980s. Equity feminism has been defined and classified as a kind of classically liberal or libertarian feminism, in contrast with social feminism, difference feminism, gender feminism, and equality feminism.

Overview
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy refers to Wendy McElroy, Joan Kennedy Taylor, Cathy Young, Rita Simon, Katie Roiphe, Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Christine Stolba, and Christina Hoff Sommers as equity feminists. Camille Paglia also describes herself as an equity feminist. Christina Sommers, in particular, explored the topic of equity feminism in her book Who Stole Feminism? In this text, Sommers summarizes how the aim of equity feminism is to attain economic, educational, and political equality of opportunity. Sommers claims that feminists are separated between two categories: equity feminists and gender feminists. She states that the difference between the two is that gender feminists focus on changing societal norms based on gender, while equity feminists focus more on achieving fairness in all genders.

Steven Pinker, an evolutionary and cognitive psychologist, linguist, and popular science author, identifies himself as an equity feminist, which he defines as "a moral doctrine about equal treatment that makes no commitments regarding open empirical issues in psychology or biology".

Distinctions have been made between conservative and radical forms of equity feminism. Many young conservative women have accepted equity feminism.

The "Gender Equity Starts in the Home" article uncovers one of the many reasons equity is not being enforced in the home. Jack Koban contributes to this, as being a stay at home dad, while his wife works as a medicine physician. He mentions how him and his wife have reached a work-life balance by helping each other at work and at home. This example brings equity in the home and not only is it helping Koban and his wife successful in their relationship, but also teaches their kids equity at an early age. The article "What Is Gender Equity?" mentions that a way to help all their children understand the concept of equity is to teach them all basic chores around the house to maintain this balance in the future with their own family.

Equity in Workplace
"4 Real Ways to Embrace Equity for Women in the Workplace" states that companies should accommodate their employees by providing the tools necessary for each employee to create an environment with equal opportunities. Equity feminism is all about treating men and women equally because they are created equally and should be treated as so. Multiverse enlists examples on how employer's can make a change in their hiring process as it tends to be bias. They state jobs hiring should focus on candidate's skills rather than the individual's name or background, include diversified language in their job listings, and pay woman the money they should be getting. Women can perform men's jobs just as well or even better than men and vice versa. The difference in how women are treated differently from men has a correlation on why companies will not consider women for higher-paying positions. Equity in the workplace can increase women's roles in higher positions but as long as their rights are being ignored and pushed away there will continue to be this unjust way of life for women. Equity feminist also push for equally shared responsibilities within households to again lessen the burden on women and push for that equity towards women.

Theorists
Anne-Marie Kinahan claims that most American women look to a kind of feminism whose main goal is equity. Louis Schubert et al. claims "principles of equity feminism remain in the vision of the vast majority of women in the United States".

United States

In the United States, Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman, two women in the National Women's Party, were involved in drafting the Equal Rights Amendment, with the goal of achieving "constitutional protections from discrimination" for all women.

The Equal Rights Amendment was proposed originally in 1923 by the National Women's Party to congress before being approved by the U.S. House of Representatives in March 1972 that would give both women and men the constitutional right to equity.

Equity in feminism is a branch of liberal feminism that creates a political stance assuring women's rights within or under the law. The battle for equity becomes political as many argue women and other groups who are considered oppressed are denied the same opportunities of cis-gender white males. Since the rejection of the ERA in 1972, the fight for equity has continued to grow in America and pushed for new laws that would protect women as it would have. Equity in feminism is important because it notes that women deserve the same rights. If there is no political push for a feminist equitable society, it would create a statement that women are lesser than men and don't deserve the same treatment regardless of education or social class.

The Equal Rights Amendment guarantees equal rights for all American citizens. This would assure to dispute any distinctions between sexes.

Europe
In many respects, Europe has a more progressive stance than the United States when it comes to feminist and gender equity support. Organizations in Europe were made to promote not only equality and equity, but they also aimed to promote diversity while being an ally for women across the continent. Compared to the European Union, the lack of publicly identified feminists in the Americas poses some political challenges for the movement. Integrating feminists' methods into institutions is how European countries have been able to advance the interests of equity and feminism.

See also
First-wave feminism
Liberal feminism
Libertarian feminism
Equality feminism
Liberal Women (Germany)

References

Liberal feminism
Classical liberalism


Current motor vehicle registrations in Chile are officially known as Placa Patente Única (PPU). This denomination was introduced when unifying the license plate registries at the national level, where each vehicle would carry a unique license plate in the country, in 1985.

Formats

Old format (before December 31, 1984)

In the first registration system, vehicles were registered in each municipality, and this assigned a record independently, whose combinations were governed by a certain geographical distribution.

These patents carried combinations of letters and numbers. They also wore different colors depending on the type of vehicle, the use it is given or the year. The distribution of information (municipality, combination, year, etc.) on the lines of the plate (upper or lower) also depended on each municipality.

The amounts of letters and numbers depend on the era:

Grades:
The vertical line / indicates the separation between the upper and lower line.
The separation indicated between the year and the symbol of the Mint is marked in such a way that the first written data is above the second. For example, if it is found as " · [70] " it indicates that the symbol is placed over the year.

 until 1940: Numbers only. Example:
 39 718 / 38 VALPARAISO PR
 1940s and 1950s
 for Santiago: Two letters and two numbers separated by a star, includes the year and type of vehicle. Example:
 BC 98 / 58 SANTIAGO P (Individual)
 for the rest of the country: Two letters and three numbers separated by a star (upper line), includes the year and type of vehicle (lower line). Examples:
 TC 104 / 59 PUNTA ARENAS P (Individual)
 YH 477 / 58 QUILICURA SW (Station wagon)

 1960s
 for Santiago: Two letters and two numbers separated by the symbol of the Casa de Moneda de Chile (S̊) and the year (bottom line). Example
 SANTIAGO WAGONS / CZ ·[62] 85 (Station wagon)
 for the rest of the country: Two letters and three numbers separated by the symbol of the House of Mint of Chile and the year (bottom line). Example:
 FREIRE P / UL · [64] 274 (Individual)

 1970s
 for Santiago: Two letters and two numbers separated by the year and the symbol of the Chilean Mint (top line). Example:
 BG [71] · 51 / SANTIAGO P (Individual)
 for the rest of the country: Two letters and three numbers or three letters and two numbers (without leading zeros), separated by the year and the symbol of the Chilean Mint. examples
 BOD [73] · 37 / PUEBLO HUNDIDO C (Commercial)
 QUILACO P / ULA · [78] 19 (Individual)
 QUIRIHUE A / RBJ · [76] 4 (Taxi)
 RL [75] · 409 / PROVIDENCIA C (Commercial)

 1980s
 for the whole country: Three letters and three numbers separated by the symbol of the House of Mint of Chile. The colors determine the type of vehicle, although they also depend on the year. Example:
 HDU 376 / SANTIAGO 81
 XIC 791 / TEMUCO 81
 GRAL. LAKES 82 / AAA 452
  TJE 813 / TALCA 83
 GVC 629 / RENCA 84

The initial letters between 1981 and 1984 were distributed as follows:

 Regions of Arica and Parinacota, and Tarapacá: A.
 Antofagasta Region: B.
 Regions of Atacama and Coquimbo: C.
 Valparaiso Region: D, E, F.
 Santiago Metropolitan Region: G, H, I, J, K, L, N, O, P, R.
 Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region: S.
 Maule Region: T.
 Ñuble and Bio Bio Regions: U, V.
 Araucanía Region: X.
 Regions of Los Ríos and Los Lagos: Y.
 Regions of Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo and Magallanes: Z.

Format AA 10-00 (1985-2007)

The format consists of two letters and four numbers ('AA·10-00); the letters are separated from the numbers by a simplified figure of the National Coat of Arms, while the numbers are grouped in two pairs of digits separated by a small circle. In addition to the numbers visible on the license plate, the registration additionally incorporates a verifier digit, the one that appears in the vehicle documentation.

The first letter can be one of the following 23 (correlative in the second letter between A and H; correlative in the first letter in D, K, L and following, in order of appearance of the series): A, B, C, E, F, G, H, D, K, L, N, P, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, Z, W and M. The letter I was not used because of its resemblance to the J, although it was only used with the letter D (remaining as DI.1234), the Ñ because it resembles the N and the Q with the O. There are only patents that begin with the letter O, if the vehicle belongs to a diplomatic representation . Currently, the letter J is used for the national registration of trailers for cargo transportation, which replaced the old registration system with comunas; for its part, the M exists in combinations from MZ to MX (given in reverse order). This combination allowed for a fleet of 5,289,999 vehicles.

The first letter of the square allows to identify the year of the vehicle, although without exact precision and only from the letter D onwards. These years are:

It is possible to observe vehicles whose plates begin with a letter that does not correspond to their year of registration, which may be because the vehicle was re-registered, or it was registered in an office where so few vehicles are registered that the combinations are delayed. The most common are:

'CH: Although there are some older vehicles (between 1970 and 1985) that have it, much of this combination was used between the years 1993 and 1997.
BJ: less abundant than the previous letter. From between 27 00 to 30 00
FG: low abundance. From 26 01 to 30 99
CG: low abundance.
HG: low abundance. From 97 00 to 99 99

The second letter can be one of the following 23: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, N, P, R, S, T, U, V, X, Y, Z and W. M and W were left out for being too wide, Ñ for its resemblance to N, O for its resemblance to zero, and Q for its resemblance to O and zero. The I was only used in the combination DI.

In plates beginning with letters A, B, C, E, F, G and H, the sequential order is expressed in the second letter, for example, the sequential order of the first series was AA - BA - CA - EA, and so on; the next series was AB - CB - EB - FB, and so on. Initially, the letter D was not used at the beginning of the combination, due to its resemblance to zero, and the combinations BB, AD, AK were not used either. AY, GG and HZ, but until much later.

Also in the beginning there was a certain unintentional geographical distribution, some series assigned according to the table, for example:

The combinations that begin with the letters A, B, C, E, F, G and H, were not issued following a correlative order, unlike what was done from 1990 (D) and until the end of the system. Thus, combinations such as CK and FK are recorded at the same time (until 1984), while other combinations were not issued simultaneously, for example, HN aired in the early 1980s, while FN and GN appeared towards the end of that decade. Some combinations were issued for most of the decade, such as AL, which can be seen on both early 1980s and late 1990s and even 1990s and later vehicles .

In 1990 plates began to be issued following a correlative order marked on the second letter, beginning with D: DA - DB - DD ( DC was not used), and so on. E, F, G, and H had already been used in the previous system and J had been discarded because it resembled I, so K was continued: KA - KB - KC - KD, etc. This order allows to identify, with moderate precision, the year of registration of the vehicle, for example, the letter S began to be issued from the end of 1997, the letter X corresponds to the middle of 2003, etc.

When the combinations reached ZZ in 2006, it was decided to extend the life of the system by incorporating the letters W and M, originally discarded due to their width. It began with WA, progressing successively to WZ, then, it was used as the second letter, starting from ZW and progressing in reverse order to KW; then the M was continued, issuing patents in reverse order from MZ to MX, whichever was the last combination issued under that system.

There is no certainty that (almost) all the combinations have been used.

The numbers start from 1000 (AA·10-00) and go up consecutively until they reach 9999 (AA·'99-99).

All the license plates bear the word CHILE at the bottom, except the bus plates of the Transantiago plan, which say TRANSANTIAGO, and the sign that separates the letters from the numbers is the isotype of said plan (square with a dark background with an arrow). Likewise, all patents have the phrase REGISTRO CIVIL E IDENTIFICACION on their left end, forming an oval; while on the far right it reads CASA DE MONEDA DE CHILE, forming a circle in which is the emblem of the Chilean Mint. These inscriptions are embossed on the metal plate, but with no paint on them, so they are only visible up close.

The font used throughout this system is Helvetica Medium Condensed.

Current format BB-BB 10 (2007-present)

In September 2007 the new format began to be used, which is made up of 4 letters and 2 numbers ('BB-BB·10). This system uses 18 letters, which are: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, P, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z. The letters M, N are not used (the 2 previous ones for sure not to have combinations that are CTM, PN, WN or even FPMR (Due to its similarity with the Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez), Ñ, Q ( for its resemblance to the O and the number 0), and the vowels (to avoid combinations that form words and thus bother vehicle drivers)). Although new vehicle plates use the BB·BB-10 format, the previous plates were not superseded, so the two formats currently coexist. The combination allows for a vehicle park of 9,447,840 (excluding Police, Armed Forces and Firefighters vehicles).

The numbers start at 10 for each series of letters, up to 99. The letters continue to be separated from the numbers by a simplification of the National emblem, and the 4 letters in 2 groups of 2 letters by a black circle. The design (frame and font) are the same as in the previous format.

Considering the pace of vehicle registrations before the start of the format, the numbering of these patents was expected to last around 38 to 40 years. However, due to the increase in vehicle sales, the first four initial letters (B to F) were exhausted in just 6 years, and half of the series (B to L) in just 12 years, so it seems unlikely that the combinations will even reach 25 or 30 years, unless more letters are added to the combination (for example, increasing from 18 to 20 letters increases the number of combinations by 52%.

As in the old format, the license plates have the word CHILE included at the bottom, except for the Transantiago bus plates, which have the word TRANSANTIAGO and its corresponding isotype. Also, like the previous format, they include the signs of the Civil Registry and the Mint, with the difference that they are now printed on the plate.

In 2014, thanks to a new tender from the Chilean Mint, they change the typography on all license plates with the FE-Schrift system to avoid counterfeiting on the plates (Car-Go typography) . As a novelty, they bring an indication of the print, on the extreme left of the patent if it is on the front or back.

Trailer patents - National Land Freight Transport Registry
According to Law 19,872, which entered into force on December 20, 2003, trailers and semi-trailers (in addition to trucks and tractor-trailers) whose gross vehicle weight is equal to or greater than 3,860 kg. they must be registered in the National Land Freight Transport Registry, replacing the Municipal Car and Trailer Registries. Trailer and semi-trailer license plates use the same design as motor vehicle license plates, following the old format (AA 10-00) and using the full series of the letter J, notwithstanding what is established when you start using the license plate. new format (BB-BB 10) once the series is over. Only the series between JA and JP were used, being replaced by the current four-letter format identifying a hologram stamped on R (trailer) and SR (semi-trailer).

Trailers and semi-trailers with a lower gross vehicle weight continue to be registered in the municipal registries. The license plates for trailers of said registries are white, have three letters and three numbers (ABC 123) written in red, and on them indicate the commune in which they were registered. The series used are distributed geographically by commune, which could be explained by the fact that they derive from the old municipal registers of motor vehicles (until 1985).

Meanwhile, trucks and tractor-trailers registered in the National Registry of Land Freight Transport are also registered in the Registry of Motorized Vehicles, so they do not carry special patents.

Motorcycle patents
They are small in size. They consist of 2 letters and 3 numbers (AB 123), separated by a period. Above them is the word CHILE. In reality, these combinations are registered as AB·0123, due to their reduced plate space, in which the first zero does not appear; these start numbered from 100 to 999 (that is, 01-00 to 09-99) -the digits 001 to 099 are reserved for carriages-. Lately they have completed the series with the letters I, J, M, O, Q and part of W only in the use of two-wheelers.

Each license plate contains a pair (front and rear), just like other motorized vehicles, except for Carabineros motorcycles.

As of 2014, a new format is used, that of three letters and two numbers (BBB 10) under FE-Schrift characters and the size of the plates larger than the previous ones. The combinations are identical to those of other vehicles. Like the previous one, they are documented as BBB·010 for logical reasons.

Special Formats

Provisional patents

They are the same size as the normal ones. They have an orange background with black characters. They are made up of two letters, combination PR, followed by 3 or 4 numbers (e.g.: PR·064, PR·1009); the letters are separated from the numbers by a black star, and at the bottom is the inscription PROVISORIA (year) depending on the year in which it was granted (e.g.: PROVISORIA 2007).
They are patents used by exporters or dealers to mobilize vehicles without registering them, commonly for cars that are in testing.

Police of Chile

In the format corresponding to the vehicle fleet of Carabineros de Chile, the combinations and/or letters are used:

They are followed by the corresponding numerical assignment which belongs only to CARABINEROS DE CHILE. Above the alphanumeric combination is the inscription CARABINEROS DE CHILE.

Firefighters

In some fire departments of the country, those institutional plates are used under the combination CB (Fire Department), followed by one or two letters per municipality, plus a star and an identifying number. Above it is the inscription CPO. FIREFIGHTERS and the name of the corresponding municipality.

Armed Forces

The Army license plates use the combination EJTO, plus the correlative numbering.

Diplomatic Corps

The diplomatic corps series uses the following combinations: CD (Diplomatic Corps), CC (Consular Corps), AT (Personal Technical Assistance), CH (Honorary Consul), OI (International Organization) and PAT (Temporary Admission Permit), followed by their corresponding numbers, separated by a small star. Under this is the inscription CHILE. The first double digits identify the country or organization arranged in alphabetical order.

These are some of the countries that they represent by two first digits:

Material, colors and measurements

The patent is a metal sheet made of aluminum with the following colors depending on the use of the vehicle (AA 10 00 and BB BB 10 formats):

 Private vehicles (AA·00·00, AA·AA·00), trailers (JA·00·00, AA·AA·00) and motorcycles (AA*000, AAA*00): white background with black letters.
 Carabineros de Chile, series M, AP, Z, B, RP, LA, AG, C and J: black background with white letters. (some of these plates are plastic, made by entities outside the Chilean Mint)
 Diplomats: Plates AT, CC, CD, OI, PAT (Transitory Access Permit), CH (Honorary Consul) blue background with white letters.
 Basic Taxi: dark orange background with black letters.
 Radiotaxi tourism: light orange background with white letters.
 Collective taxis: yellow background with black letters.
 Buses of Transantiago: white background with green letters.
 Vehicles purchased in Zona Franca of Iquique: red background with white letters (formats AA·10·00 and AA·AA·00, cars and trucks).
 Provisional Patents: Orange background with black characters. (PR*000 and PR*0000 from 2014)
 Firefighters: red background with black or white letters. (Some of these license plates have the format CBS*000 and below with the legend CHILE, very few pumps reached an agreement with the Fire Department of Chile, and each fire station created its own format with the name of the associated company). Example: the fire department of San Miguel and La Cisterna have their plates with the name of the fire station, above, dark red background plate and white characters). Bomba España, adopted three-digit CBS plates and the word Chile below, dark red plates with black characters.
The measurements of the license plates are 360 × 130 mm, and 145 × 120 mm for motorcycles.

Curiosities

 The combinations that were never used in the old system, since they do not appear in the list of combinations of the Patent Validation Instructions of the Civil Registry and Identification Service were: BB, AD, AK, AY, GG, HZ, DC and VW. These were incorporated later, only for motorcycles (except GG and VW). Likewise, the only combinations, according to the same instructions, that ended in M and Q, and that used the I and the O , were: XM, XQ, DI, ZI, JO, AI , BI, BM, BO, CI, CM, CO, ' DM and C.
Despite being included in said document, the combinations JO, XM, XQ and ZI do not exist in No vehicle registered or in the records.
 582 2-letter combinations are recorded in that instruction manual, including combinations of trailers and motorcycles.
 For 7 years, the combination EU was used only for taxis and collective taxis of all kinds, except for tourist taxis, this between 2000 and 2007. Other combinations used exclusively in smaller collective locomotion vehicles were ZC, ZG, ZZ -the latter mostly used in basic taxis-, WP and some XH and YC. For the new 4-letter, 2-digit format some combinations for these vehicles are: BC, BJ, BX, CX, DG', DK, FD, FL, GB, GP,  HG, HW, JW and the last ones have been KC, KD, KY and ' LZ.
 Since 2014, certain combinations for new system trailers and semitrailers are GR, HG, HX, JW, KD , KY and PT.
 As of 2008, most buses Transantiago (today RED) began to have exclusive serials for their new buses, these began with the combination BJFxxx (from BJFB10 to BJFZ99), then they occupied the combinations CJRxxx, the combinations FLXxxx, and the combinations GCBxxx, which is the current one. However, there are new buses that arrived in the system that were registered with whatever serials were assigned at the time. Also, there are buses of these serials that were withdrawn and are distributed to provinces and regions.
 Formerly, free zone plates had a red background and white letters, this plate configuration towards the end of 2004 began to be used on the plates of vehicles entered by free zone (Iquique and Punta Arenas). As an annex, it can be mentioned that the combinations ZD, ZE, ZF, WL, WN and some ZZ were only assigned to plates of this category in their early days.
 The design of the patents changed in 1991, from the combination DP, the strokes of the characters became a little thinner and the stamping was regularized.
 Also switched between the MX combination (the last of the old system, except for motorcycles and J-combinations for trailers) and BB.BB-10. The new plates have the letters stamped at right angles, so the relief is flat, while in the previous plates, the relief was rounded. As of the font change, the current string is maintained, starting the combination GK.
From the PX combination, a little more thickness is observed in the letter together with a hologram-type stamp on them, which are reflected through light.
 This system is similar to those used in Netherlands (NL).

References

Chile
Road transport in Chile
 Registration plates


David Ethan Culler (born November 12, 1959) is a computer scientist and former chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a principal investigator in the Software Defined Buildings (SDB) project at the EECS Department at Berkeley and the faculty director of the i4Energy Center. His research addresses networks of small, embedded wireless devices, planetary-scale internet services, parallel computer architecture, parallel programming languages, and high performance communication. This includes TinyOS, Berkeley Motes, PlanetLab, Networks of Workstations (NOW), Internet services, Active Message, Split-C, and the Threaded Abstract Machine (TAM).

Culler earned his B.A. at UC Berkeley and his Ph.D. at MIT.

Culler was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2005 for contributions to scalable parallel processing systems, including architectures, operating systems, and programming environments. He is also a Fellow of both ACM and IEEE. In 2003 his work on networks of wireless sensors earned him a place on Scientific American's annual list of top 50 innovators and Technology Review's “10 Emerging Technologies That Will Change the World.” More recently, he has received the 2013 SIGCOMM Test of Time Award for PlanetLab, and the 2013 Okawa Prize.

Culler founded Arch Rock, a company that makes wireless networked sensors. He recently joined Google as a distinguished engineer.

David Culler is the son of noted computer scientist Glen Culler, and the brother of distinguished pure mathematician Marc Culler.

References

External links
 Culler's webpage

Living people
American computer scientists
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Researchers in distributed computing
1959 births
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
People from Berkeley, California


Armenia is underdeveloped in its waste management and recycling activities.

According to the Statistical Committee of Armenia, organizations produced 55.2 million metric tons of waste in 2016, including mining waste. This amounts to about 18.5 tonnes per capita. According to the Waste Atlas, Armenia produces 368,618 tonnes of Municipal solid waste (MSW) per year, or  per capita.

On May 4, 2018, the government modifications to relevant legislation aimed at strengthening the responsibility for proper waste management.

Landfills
Sixty landfills exist in Armenia. No waste sorting, recycling, or reuse takes place at any of them. Instead, garbage is dumped into a working area and then flattened using a bulldozer to create a layer of garbage  thick.

The Nubarashen landfill, located near Yerevan (), is Armenia's largest waste disposal site. It receives almost all of the solid waste produced in the city of Yerevan and its suburbs, which is about 340 tons per day, or 102,000 tons per year.  The site has accumulated over 7.5 million tons of domestic waste over 50 years.

In 2018, a waste processing plant was scheduled for construction near Hrazdan city, which will allow for closure of 10 waste dumps.

Reuse and recycling

Starting May 2017 Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Development (ISSD) NGO is implementing waste management projects in Armenia ensuring the collection and recycling of Municipal Solid Waste in the involved communities. The biggest municipal solid waste management project of the NGO, "Recycle it," includes Yerevan, the capital city and has more than 500 partner organizations who recycle their waste within this project. The NGO organized more than 120 clean-ups and has more than 300,000 beneficiaries.

In recent years there have been several attempts initiated by public activists to address the waste management problem, such as the Toprak Petq Chi campaign (2016), translates as "I don't need a plastic bag",' that targets single-use plastic bags.

Also recently, some recycling initiatives have started to take shape. Namely, Apaga, also known as ApagaCommunity CJSC, offers a paid pickup service, mirroring similar projects in more developed countries, though in these countries, recycling programs are taxpayer sponsored. Apaga enables individuals and organizations who take responsibility for their waste and want to participate, to voluntarily pay for a pickup service and get some rewards in return in the forms of discounts for individuals and green public relations (PR) for organizations.

In order to allow everyone to benefit from recycling, Apaga has also implemented new Smart Recycling Containers called SmartApaga Containers where anyone with their personal, unique QR code can dispose of their plastics and get ApagaCoins (in-app currency) to exchange for rewards from their rewards partners.

Waste management in Yerevan
The municipal government of Yerevan, capital of Armenia, has made attempts to solve the problem for the city with a long term development plan, which includes three main phases:
 In 2014, an international tender was announced for garbage collection. Two waste management companies were chosen: a Lebanese company called Sanitek, who later opened a operations branch in Yerevan; and two Armenian/Swedish Companies called Ecogroup and LL Miliconsult.
 In 2016 the Armenian parliament ratified a loan agreement signed with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), for an €8 million loan to finance the construction of a solid waste landfill in Yerevan that will comply with EU regulations.
 According to the municipal government of Yerevan, the next step is to introduce waste sorting and recycling practices with projects that meet European Union standards and regulations.

Notes

External links

Waste management by country
Economy of Armenia
Environment of Armenia


Chiruvolu is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Mopidevi mandal of Machilipatnam revenue division. It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

References

Villages in Krishna district


Nicotiana otophora is a perennial herbaceous plant. It is a wild species of tobacco native to the Andes Mountains of Bolivia and Argentina.

Tobacco taxonomy
Recent genetic evidence suggests the possibility that it is one of the parent species of the common domesticated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which was hybridized along with the species Nicotiana sylvestris, and Nicotiana tomentosiformis.

The evidence for its parentage of Nicotiana tabacum is weaker at this time than it is for the other two species Nicotiana sylvestris, and Nicotiana tomentosiformis.

References

External links

otophora
Tobacco
Flora of Argentina
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of the Andes


Lesotho requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates.

Plates are blue-on-white for private vehicles and red-on-white for government vehicles.  They follow the format of one or two letters followed by four numbers.  Diplomatic Plates are blue-on-white however have the letters CD on them.

A mokorotlo, the same colour as the characters on the plate, is stuck onto the plate to show a 5-year validity period.

Dealer plates are also red-on-white but do not follow the A 1234 standard and do not show the mokorotlo.

Before 1979, private plates were white-on-black and had an additional preceding 'L' which stood for Lesotho.

Kingdom of Lesotho
Period following independence:
LA – Maseru
LB – Butha Buthe
LC – Leribe
LD – Teyateyaneng
LE – Mafeteng
LF – Mohales Hoek
LG – Quthing
LH – Qacha's Nek
LJ – Mokhotlong
Government:
LX – Government vehicles
Diplomatic corps:
Owing to a dispute between the foreign legations, several of them used distinctive codes for a period:
UKHC – United Kingdom High Commission
UNDP – United Nations Development Programme
USA – United States of America
WHO – World Health Organisation
ROC – Republic of China (Taiwan)
D – Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)
The rest of the legations used DC.

Colony of Basutoland
Prior to independence:
BA – Maseru
BB – Butha Buthe
BC – Leribe
BD – Teyateyaneng
BE – Mafeteng
BF – Mohales Hoek
BG – Quthing
BH – Qacha's Nek
BJ – Mokhotlong
Government:
BX – Government vehicles

References
World License Plates
Holcroft's South African Calendar 1975, published by Vergne, Pretoria (for earlier codes).

External links

Lesotho
Transport in Lesotho
Lesotho transport-related lists


Mount Malindang is a complex volcano located in the province of Misamis Occidental in the southern island of Mindanao, Philippines. It is the highest point in the province. The least studied mountain range was formed through several volcanic activities some of which could be historical, evident by the presence of two calderas, surrounded by high rock walls, cinder cones, dome volcano plugs, two sulfurous hot springs, and a crater lake named Lake Duminagat. The amphitheater structures have extensive distribution of volcanic rocks, carbonized wood that are found in pyroclastic deposits. The mountain range is dissected by several canyons and ravines.

Classification
Malindang has unofficialy historical eruptions but it believed to be in 1822 and is classified as inactive by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.

Mount Malindang Natural Park
Mount Malindang and the whole Malindang Mountain Range alluring qualities come from its waterfalls, crater lake and dense virgin forests which host diverse and rare species of flora and fauna. On June 19, 1971, the area was proclaimed as Mount Malindang National Park by virtue of Republic Act 6266. Under the establishment of National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) in 1992, the park was reclassified and was renamed as Mount Malindang Range Natural Park on August 2, 2002 through Proclamation No. 228.

The park is encompasses three provinces – Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga del Norte – covering an area of  of which about  or 62% of forest remaining. About  are cultivated and inhabited by indigenous people mostly the Subanon tribe.

Fauna
The national park is known to harbor a rich and unique biodiversity that is yet to be explored. The mountain and its outlying areas, some are unexplored, are home to some of the endemic and endangered species in the Philippines, which include:.

 Greater Mindanao shrew (Crocidura grandis)
 Tarsier (Carlito syrichta)
 Flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans)
 Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
 Philippine deer (Cervus mariannus)
 Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. philippinensis)
 Philippine warty pig (Sus philippensis)
 Rough-armed tree frog (Kurixalus appendiculatus)
 Marbled water monitor (Varanus marmoratus)
 Philippine hawk-eagle (Nisaetus philippensis)
 Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
 Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax)
 Philippine hanging parakeet/colasisi (Loriculus philippensis)
 Philippine pygmy woodpecker (Dendrocopos maculatus)

Economic importance
Mount Malindang and its adjoining mountain range including Dapitan Peak and Mt Bliss, is a catchment area which drains water through 49 rivers and streams, and numerous creeks. It provides potable water for domestic, agricultural and other uses to more than one million inhabitants of Misamis Occidental and the eastern parts of Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur.

ASEAN Heritage Park
Declared as Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Heritage Park (AHP), during the 13th Informal ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on the Environment held October 13, 2011 in Cambodia. The three other Philippine AHPs are Mount Iglit-Baco National Park in Mindoro, Mount Kitanglad Range in Bukidnon, and Mount Apo Natural Park in Davao.

It was officially launched on August 4, 2012, during the 2nd National ASEAN Heritage Park (AHP) Conference, sponsored by the ASEAN Center for Bio-diversity (ACB) at Oroquieta City.

See also
 List of active volcanoes in the Philippines
 List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines
 List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines
 List of protected areas of the Philippines
 List of Ultras of the Philippines

References

External links

Mountain ranges of the Philippines
Malindang
Malindang
ASEAN heritage parks
Landforms of Misamis Occidental
Inactive volcanoes of the Philippines
Natural parks of the Philippines
Landforms of Zamboanga del Norte
Landforms of Zamboanga del Sur
World Heritage Tentative List for the Philippines
Misamis Occidental
):):):):):):)


is a Japanese song released on March 3, 1999. The song caused a social phenomenon in Japan. On the Japanese Oricon weekly single charts, it debuted at the number-one position with the sales of over one million copies. It was considered that the song might surpass the record of "Oyoge! Taiyaki-kun". However, it spent at the top position for only three consecutive weeks. In fact, this song proved that "Oyoge! Taiyaki-kun" had been extraordinary. According to the Oricon, it sold over 2.91 million copies, becoming the third best-selling single in Japan at that time. However, Southern All Stars's "Tsunami" surpassed the record in 2005.

See also
 List of best-selling singles in Japan

References

1999 singles
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
1999 songs
Pony Canyon singles


Klamath Union High School is a public high school located in Klamath Falls, Oregon, United States.

History
Funding of the school began in 1901, with the first graduate in 1903.  The construction of the school began in 1927, with the first marching band the following year. KUHS opened with 520 students and had 77 graduates in its first year. Paul Jackson was the principal and, in 1958, Pelican Pete was chosen as the school's mascot.

The school colors are red and white, and a large "K" is marked in white stone on a nearby hill.

Academics
In 2008, 89% of the school's seniors received a high school diploma. Of 186 students, 166 graduated, 14 dropped out, three received a modified diploma, and three were still in high school in 2009.

Band

Every other year the Klamath Union Marching Band takes a trip to Victoria, British Columbia, to march in the Victoria Day parade. In past years the band has won several awards through the competition. For several years in a row, the Symphonic Band has been district champions and qualified for state, once winning first place in the state competition. In 2013 the band took fourth in state, and in 2014 they moved up to third. The band is currently under the direction of Allen Haugh.

Notable alumni

 Seth Brown - Major League Baseball player
 Don Pedro Colley - actor
 Ian Dobson - track and field athlete, competed at the 2008 Olympics
 James Ivory - film director, Merchant Ivory Productions
 Paul Minner - Major League Baseball pitcher
 Bob Moore - NFL Tight End
 John Witte - football player

References

Buildings and structures in Klamath Falls, Oregon
High schools in Klamath County, Oregon
Educational institutions established in 1901
Public high schools in Oregon
1901 establishments in Oregon


Culenco a river of moderate volume that runs from the southern part of the commune of Santa Juana, through the northwestern part of the commune of Nacimiento to its confluence with the Nicodahue River. It has origins in streams from the eastern slopes of the Nahuelbuta Range in the Catirai region to the south of the town of Santa Juana, where it unites several streams from that side of that forested mountain range, and goes towards the southeast to join with the Nicodahue River after a course of more than 35 kilometers, to form the Tavolevo River about seven kilometers from the confluence of the Tavolevo with the Bio Bio River.  In its lower part it is more open and fertile. Among the valleys and gorges of its upper part existed some indigenous populations in the early period of the Arauco War, and the fort of San Jerónimo de Millapoa was built there to control them in 1585.

References

Sources
  Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, D. Appleton y Compania, Nueva York, 1899, Pg. 198 Culenco(Rio de)

Rivers of Chile
Rivers of Biobío Region
Rivers of Araucanía Region


Eva Maria Cox  (née Hauser; born 21 February 1938) is an Austrian-born Australian writer, feminist, sociologist, social commentator and activist. She has been an active advocate for creating a "more civil" society. She was a long-term member of the Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL), and is still pursuing feminist change by putting revaluing social contributions and wellbeing onto political agendas, as well as recognising the common ground between Australia's First Nations and feminist values of the importance of the social.

Early life
Eva Maria Hauser was born into a Jewish family in Vienna in 1938, less than three weeks before the Anschluss (12 March 1938) that left her and her family stateless. The following year, she traveled with her mother Ruth, a final-year medical student, to England, UK; she spent the war—technically as an enemy alien in Surrey. Her father, Richard Hauser, joined the British Army in Palestine, and her grandparents and other relatives sought refuge in Sydney. After the war, her father worked for the United Nations Refugee Association in Rome, Italy, where Cox continued her schooling for two years. In 1948 she joined her mother's extended family in Sydney.

In Sydney she attended Sydney Girls' High School.  Two years after arrival, her father began a relationship with the pianist Hephzibah Menuhin, who was at that time married to an Australian grazier, Lindsay Nicholas, and living in western Victoria. Hauser and Menuhin divorced their respective spouses to marry, and Menuhin became Cox's stepmother. Cox attended the University of Sydney from 1956 to 1957, where she met Germaine Greer and Robert Hughes and became associated with the Sydney Push. However, she chose to leave university to travel throughout Europe, where she met John Cox. They married on return to Sydney, and in 1964, they became parents of a daughter, named Rebecca.  Rebecca was conceived in Hughenden, Queensland, where Eva Cox had gone to reunite with her husband after they had separated. In 1969 they separated again.

Career
Cox returned  to study as a single mother in the early 1970s, graduating with an Honours degree in Sociology from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in 1974, and became a tutor and research consultant in that department. In the 1970s, Cox became a spokeswoman for the WEL and she later helped to found the Women's Economic Think Tank. Cox was director of the New South Wales Council for Social Service (NCOSS) from 1977 to 1981 and she was awarded a Churchill Fellowship in 1980.

Cox was part of the feminist magazine Refractory Girl during the 1980s and became a media spokeswoman, in addition to her activism in anti-war and feminist issues. She also established the first Commonwealth-funded after-school childcare centre, at Glenmore Road Public School in Paddington, New South Wales.

In 1981 and 1982, Cox was an adviser to the Federal Shadow Minister for Social Services, Senator Don Grimes. In 1989, she commenced operating a small private consultancy firm, Distaff Associates, and lectured from 1994 until 2007 at Australia's University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), where she finished as program director of social inquiry.

Cox delivered the 1995 Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Boyer Lectures presentation, entitled "A Truly Civil Society", which highlighted the importance of social capital. Cox's book Leading Women was published the following year and explored the topic of power in relation to gender. She is a prolific writer and social commentator and her articles can be read in Crikey and The Conversation.

From 2007 to 2015, Cox was a Fellow of the Centre for Policy Development. From 2007 she has been a professorial fellow at Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning at UTS—Cox works with the latter on evidence bases for social policy. Cox continues as the director of Distaff Associates and is convenor of the Women's Equity Think Tank (WETTANK), a further development of the Women's Economic Think Tank. In March 2014, Cox joined former Australian High Court judge Michael Kirby, among others, to become a patron of Touching Base, a New South Wales-based organisation that provides information, education and support for disabled clients, sex workers and disability service providers. In 2015, following in the footsteps of Jack Mundey who was prominent in the Green Bans movement,  she became a patron of the campaign to save the public housing of Millers Point from further development.

Honours
Cox was appointed as an Officer (AO) of the Order of Australia in 1995 for her services to women's welfare and was named Humanist of the Year in 1997 by the Council of Australian Humanist Societies.

In 2011, she received an Australia Post Legends Award and her face appeared on a postage stamp as part of a series of four stamps honouring women who have advanced the cause of gender equality—the other three women were Germaine Greer, Elizabeth Evatt and Anne Summers.

Personal life
It was only after settling in Australia that Cox started to become aware of her Jewish identity and the Jewish community. She is agnostic and a humanist. According to her Twitter profile in March 2014, Cox is based in Sydney, Australia and seeks to "make the societies we live in more civil, with feminism, fairness and equity, with less emphasis on economic materialism". On her personal website, she refers to herself as a "political junkie" and explains her passion for activism by suggesting, "My father used to embarrass me and adolescent friends by asking what we had done to save the world that day, so maybe it's genetic to feel that if something is wrong, I should try to fix it."

Bibliography
 Cox E. and Goodman J., Bullying at an Australian university: practices and implications, EUR October 2005
 Cox, Eva, In Defence of Social Capital: A reply to Blue Book 8, Arena Magazine 76 June 2005
 Cox E. (2005), A Better Society: Ingredients for Social Sustainability in ed Adams P. and Spender D., The Ideas Book, UQP Brisbane
 Bloch, B. and Cox E. (2005), Jewish Women and Australian in Braham, G. and Mendes P. Jews in Australian Politics, Sussex University Press
 Cox E. (2002), Australia, Making the Lucky Country in Putnam R., Democracies in Flux: The evolution of social capital in contemporary society, OUP NY
 Cox E. (2000), The Light and Dark of Volunteering (2000) in Warburton J. and Oppenheimer M. (Ed), Volunteers and Volunteering, Federation Press, Sydney.
 Cox E. (2000), Diversity and Community: Conflict and Trust? in Vasta E. (Ed), Citizenship, Community and Democracy, Macmillan UK.
 Cox E. and Caldwell C. (2000), Making Policy Social in Winter, I. ed., Social Capital and Public Policy.

Notes

External links

1938 births
Living people
Australian activists
Australian feminist writers
Australian sociologists
Australian women sociologists
Australian women non-fiction writers
Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to Australia
Officers of the Order of Australia
People educated at Sydney Girls High School
University of New South Wales alumni
Australian women activists
20th-century Australian women writers
20th-century Australian non-fiction writers
21st-century Australian women writers
21st-century Australian non-fiction writers
Writers from Vienna


Isuka can refer to:

 Common crossbill, a bird (Japanese name)
 Guilty Gear Isuka, a computer game
 Isuca, a manga series by Osamu Takahashi
 Isuka, a character in the anime series Noein.


Stamford station could refer to:

Stamford railway station in Lincolnshire, England.
Stamford East railway station  in Lincolnshire, England.
Stamford Transportation Center in Stamford, Connecticut, USA.
Stamford Railroad Station (New York) former station in New York, USA.
Stamford railway station (Queensland) in Stamford, Queensland, Australia

The following stations also have Stamford in their names:

Stamford Brook tube station in London, England
Stamford Hill railway station in London, England

See also
 Glenbrook station (Metro-North) in a neighborhood of Stamford, Connecticut
 Springdale station in a neighborhood of Stamford, Connecticut
 Stanford station, a Caltrain station in Palo Alto, California
 Stanford-le-Hope railway station in Essex, England


F road may refer to:
 F roads in Cyprus are local roads
 F roads in Iceland are tracks that require a four-wheel-drive vehicle
 F road in the USA may refer to :
 County-designated highways in zone F in Michigan
 Corridor F, a highway in the U.S. states of Tennessee and Kentucky
 F roads in Zimbabwe are freeways


J road may refer to :
 roads in Johor in the Malaysian State Roads system
 Corridor J, a highway in the U.S. states of Tennessee and Kentucky

See also
 J Street (disambiguation)


The Robinsons Equitable Tower, formerly known as the Robinsons PCI Bank Tower, is an office skyscraper located in Pasig, Philippines. It was completed in 1997 and stands at 175 metres (574 feet).

The Project Team

The Robinsons Equitable Tower is owned and developed by Robinsons Land Corporation, the real estate arm of JG Summit Holdings. Originally intended to be a 40-storey condominium project between Robinsons Land Corp. and the former PCI Bank (which later on became Equitable PCI Bank after the merger of Equitable Bank and PCI Bank, hence the name change) and will follow the original model of the Robinsons Galleria complex. It was then changed to a taller office building which is different in design as originally planned.

The building was masterplanned by the renowned architectural firm Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum (HOK), and was designed by Philippine architectural firm W.V. Coscolluela & Associates. R.S. Caparros Associates & Company, an established undertook the structural design consulting for the building.

Construction Management services were provided by D.A. Abcede & Associates, an established  construction management company in the Philippines, the Project Management services were provided by Veldon Corporation Phils. Inc. led by its Project Manager Anthony Gulliver and his Assistant Project Manager Nelson G. Evangelista, MSCE, MBA, MSML, an established project management company, while the general contractor for the project is D.M. Consunji, Inc., one of the largest construction companies in the country.

Design

The building's exterior made use of green-shaded aluminum high-performance glass curtain walls and punched windows, with a sleek semi-circular and almost cylindrical portion rising from the corner of ADB Avenue and Poveda Drive. The building also has a rooftop master antenna provided for the entire building's communication system needs, and has a distinctive rooftop crown serving as an architectural highlight to the entire building.

Location

Strategically situated along ADB Avenue as part of the Robinsons Galleria complex in Pasig, the Robinsons Equitable Tower is accessible and near major destination in Ortigas Center. Part of the complex is the Robinsons Galleria shopping mall, Galleria Corporate Center, and The Holiday Inn hotel. It is also near educational institutions like the Saint Pedro Poveda College; shopping centers like The Podium and SM Megamall; and the Asian Development Bank headquarters.

With this the building has direct access to more than a hundred shops, dining facilities, banks, travel agencies, appliance centers, service outlets, parcel delivery stations, computer centers, a full-line supermarket and department store, a multi-theater cineplex, a bowling center and a complete family entertainment center.

Amenities

The building is equipped with a building management system and security system, fire protection safety and CCTV surveillance, ample provision for entrance cables of telephone lines, space provisions for unit owner-supplied variable refrigerant volume (VRV)airconditioning systems, and individual metering systems for effective operation and maintenance. It is also equipped with a centrally located service core housing twelve high-speed passenger lifts and one services lift, and 4 basement and 5 upper-level parking areas.

References

External links
 Robinsons Equitable Tower at Emporis
 Robinsons Equitable Tower at Skyscraperpage

Skyscrapers in Ortigas Center
Skyscraper office buildings in Metro Manila
Office buildings completed in 1997
HOK (firm) buildings


L road may refer to :
 Landesstraßen in Germany
 link roads in the old road system of Ireland
 local roads in the current road system of Ireland
 Corridor L, a part of the Appalachian Development Highway System in the U.S. state of West Virginia
 Small roads or short distance roads in Zimbabwe


M road may refer to:
 Motorways:
 Motorways in Hungary
 Motorways in the United Kingdom
 Motorways in the Republic of Ireland
 M road in Australia are primary roads
 M roads in Malaysia are roads in Melaka
 M road in the USA  may refer to
 List of state trunklines in Michigan
 Corridor M, part of the Appalachian Development Highway System
 M roads in Ukraine are international highways
 M roads in Zambia
 M roads in Zimbabwe


10 Bold is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel owned by Network 10. It originally launched on 26 March 2009 as One HD with a focus on broadcasting sports-based programming and events, but rebranded to One in April 2011 to more reality, scripted and adventure-based programming aimed at males between the ages of 25 and 54. As of October 2018, the channel now primarily broadcasts dramatic programming aimed towards viewers 40 and older.

Due to the relaunch of 10 HD on 2 March 2016, it was reduced to a standard-definition broadcast for 5 years until 23 September 2021 at 6am when it switched to HD.

History

Sports format channel
The channel commenced broadcasting as One HD on 26 March 2009 at 7.00 pm in Melbourne (due to live coverage of the Australian Football League) and at 7.30 pm in Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. The channel, owned by Network Ten, featured nonstop sport content including live sport, sports documentaries and sports-themed movies.

One initially broadcast in high definition on digital channels 1 and 11 with a standard-definition simulcast on digital channel 12 known as One SD or One Digital. At launch, One replaced the previous Ten HD service and a standard-definition simulcast of Ten HD called TenSD2.

One HD began broadcasting on Macquarie Media Group's owned and operated Southern Cross Ten regional television stations on digital channel 50 at 7.00 pm on 2 July 2009. Tasmania didn't broadcast it until 30 July 2009, and Mildura didn't broadcast it until 1 December 2009.

The simulcast on digital channel 11 was later reallocated for Ten's standard-definition digital multichannel Eleven (now 10 Peach) on 15 December 2010 in preparation for its launch on 11 January 2011. As a result, the channel's high definition simulcast was moved to channel 12, replacing the standard-definition simulcast.

In 2011, the channel began to dilute its all-sport format to include adventure-themed reality programming such as Ice Road Truckers and Black Gold, and a weekly feature-length movie or documentary, usually, but not limited to, a sporting theme. In April 2011, it was revealed that the channel would shift to a more broad general entertainment channel aimed towards a younger male demographic, whilst still featuring sports programming.

Sports and entertainment channel
It was confirmed on 4 April 2011 that due to unsupportable overheads associated with running the station as an "all-sport" channel, One HD would begin to air more general entertainment programming alongside sport, particularly shows aimed at an older male audience and would also be rebranded as One. The changes were intended to make the channel a greater competitor against 7mate, which has a similar scope, and took place on 7 May 2011.

One's updated schedule included factuals such as Everest: Beyond the Limit, Extreme Fishing with Robson Green, Airline, Long Way Round, Ice Road Truckers, An Idiot Abroad, Cops, dramas such as Terriers, Lights Out, Sons of Anarchy, Burn Notice, Breakout Kings and Psych and films such as The Last King of Scotland, 28 Weeks Later, Babylon AD, Jarhead, Pitch Black, Doom, Hitman,  The Manchurian Candidate, Diagnosis Murder and Walker, Texas Ranger.

2018 rebrand
On 31 October 2018, One relaunched as 10 Boss, as part of a larger rebranding of Network Ten. Chief content officer Beverley McGarvey described "Boss" as reflecting an overall "attitude" in its programming, exemplified by a focus on characters with "bold" personalities or could be reasonably described as being a "boss" (such as Judge Judy). 10 Boss primarily targets viewers over the age of 40, and focuses primarily on dramas (such as Madam Secretary and NCIS).

On 10 December 2018, the channel was renamed 10 Bold, due to trademark conflicts with Fairfax Media (which had completed its merger with Nine Entertainment Co.) and the Australian Financial Review publication Boss. A press release promoting the rebranding acknowledged the conflict, describing the change as being an "early Christmas present to Nine", and quipping that "it's better to be bold than bossy".

Programming
The channel targets a broad range of viewers, broadcasting programs from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, and complementing existing programming on Ten.
Programs aired on the channel are scripted and adventure-based programming aimed at males between the ages of 25 and 54, mix of genres, including reality, lifestyle, drama, classic sitcoms from the 60s, 70s and 80s, comedies, live sport and action films.

As a result of the revival of 10 HD on 2 March 2016, the channel was reduced to standard definition.

Original programming

Current programming

Documentary

 48 Hours
 Bondi Rescue

Drama

 Bull
 The Code
 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
 CSI: Miami
 Diagnosis Murder
 Hawaii Five-0
 In the Dark
 JAG
 Jake and the Fatman
 L.A.'s Finest
 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
 The Love Boat
 MacGyver (2016 TV series)
 The Mentalist
 Mission: Impossible
 Nash Bridges
 NCIS
 NCIS: Los Angeles
 Ripper Street
 Scorpion
 Star Trek
 Star Trek: Enterprise
 Star Trek: The Next Generation
 Star Trek: Voyager
 S.W.A.T.
 Walker, Texas Ranger

Lifestyle

 Adventure Angler
 All 4 Adventure
 ETs Fishing Classics
 Extreme Fishing with Robson Green
 Fishing Edge
 The Home Team
 I Fish
 Into Water and Beyond
 Just Go
 Let's Do Coffee
 The Living Room
 The Offroad Adventure Show
 Pat Callinan's 4x4 Adventures
 Reel Action
 Reel Rock
 River to Reef
 Robson Green Extreme Fisherman
 Robson's Extreme Fishing Challenge
 What's Up Downunder

Talk show
 The Doctors

Reality
 Hunted
 Shark Tank (Now on 7Bravo)
 Undercover Boss

Factual
 Car Crash Britain: Caught on Camera

Sport

 A-League Men (2022–present)
 A-League Women (2021–present)

Former programming

Comedy

 Back in the Game
 Common Law
 The Crazy Ones
 Dads
 Die On Your Feet
 Fast Forward
 Get Smart
 Happy Days
 Hogan's Heroes
 The Last Man on Earth
 Last Man Standing
 The League
 M*A*S*H (Moved to 7two, then on 7flix, then on 9Go!, now on 9Gem)
 The Millers
 Psych
 Raising Hope
 Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll
 Sirens
 Wedding Band
 Whose Line Is It Anyway? (Now screening on FOX8 and the ABC)

Documentary

 An Idiot Abroad
 Black Ops
 Great Bear Stakeout with Billy Connolly
 The Longest Day
 Madagascar
 Megafactories
 Megastructures
 MegaStructures Breakdown
 Moments of Impact
 Monkeys Revealed
 Nature's Great Events
 Operation Repo
 Ross Noble's Australian Trip
 Ross Kemp: Back on the Frontline
 Ross Kemp: Middle East
 Ross Kemp: Return to Afghanistan
 Ross Kemp in Search of Pirates
 Sports Science
 Totally Wild
 Vanity Fair Confidential
 Whacked Out Sports
 Working With Dangerous Animals
 World's Busiest

Drama

 The Americans
 Awake
 Blue Bloods
 Burn Notice
 CSI: Cyber
 CSI: NY
 Elementary
 Extant
 Gang Related
 The Glades
 Graceland
 Highlander: The Series
 Homeland (moved to SBS, now on 9Go!)
 The Killing
 Legends
 MacGyver (1985 TV series) (moved to 9Go!)
 Madam Secretary
 Matlock
 Mr & Mrs Murder (Channel 10 encore)
 NYC 22
 Rush
 Sons of Anarchy
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 Those Who Kill
 Touch
 Tyrant
 White Collar
 Zoo (Channel 10 encore)

Factual
 Emergency Search & Rescue
 Gold Coast Cops
 Territory Cops

Lifestyle

 4WD Touring Australia
 Big Fish Small Boats
 Blokesworld (moved to 7mate)
 Car Torque
 Driving Wars
 Escape with ET
 Extreme Boats Big Angry Fish
 Extreme Collectors
 Far Flung with Gary Mehigan
 Freddie Flintoff: Lord of the Fries
 Hardliners
 International Fishing Series
 Merv Hughes Fishing
 Ozzie Holiday
 Temporary Australians

Light Entertainment

 Can of Worms (Channel 10 encore)
 Darren & Brose
 Late Show with David Letterman
 Maxim TV

Game shows
 Celebrity Name Game
 Family Feud (Channel 10 simulcast)
 Jeopardy! (2008–2009 series only)
 Pointless (Channel 10 simulcast)

News and current affairs
 The Bolt Report (Channel 10 encore)

Reality

 Airline
 Beach Patrol
 Black Gold
 Bondi Ink Tattoo (10 Peach encore)
 Bondi Rescue (Channel 10 encore)
 Cops
 Cops: Adults Only
 Everest: Beyond the Limit
 Fear Factor
 Fight Master: Bellator MMA
 Firies
 Garage Gold
 GT Academy
 Hell's Kitchen
 Ice Road Truckers (Now on 7mate)
 MasterChef Australia (Channel 10 encore)
 Scrappers
 Shred
 Thrill Seekers
 World Class Bartender of the Year
 World's Toughest Trucker

Sport

 A-League
 Aussie Racing Cars
 Australian GT Championship
 Australian Rally Championship
 ANDRA Pro Series Drag Racing
 Aussie Millions Poker Championship
 Before the Game (except in VIC)
 The Back Page
 Bellator MMA
 Dunlop Super2 Series
 Esports Gfinity Elite Series Australia
 FIA Formula E Championship
 FIA World Rally Championship
 The Final Siren
 Football's Greatest Managers
 Football's Greatest Teams
 Football Stars of Tomorrow
 FIA Formula 1 World Championship (Highlight show)
 The Game Plan AFL
 The Game Plan NRL (Moved to Channel 10 in June 2012 in NSW and QLD only)
 Gillette World Sport
 Glory
 International Fishing Series
 Just for Kicks
 Monster Jam
 MySurf.tv
 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series
 NASCAR Nationwide Series
 MotoGP
 Netball: ANZ Championship
 Netball: Constellation Cup
 Netball: International Series
 Netball World Cup
 Omnisport
 One Week at a Time AFL
 One Week at a Time NRL
 The Open Championship
 Porsche Carrera Cup Highlights
 NASCAR: Highlights
 NHRA Camping World Drag Racing Series
 RPM
 The Road to Rio
 The Rugby Championship
 Race to the Sky
 Socceroos
 Sports Tonight
 Supercars: Highlights
 Super Rugby Extra Time
 SuperUtes Series
 Targa Tasmania
 Trans-Tasman Muscle Car Battle
 Thursday Night Live
 The Western Front (Channel 10 encore)
 Wild Racers
 Women's Big Bash League
 World Football News
 World Series Sprintcars
 World Skateboarding Championship
 World Sport

Major Sponsors
 Harvey Norman
 Hungry Jack's
 Mars Bar
 Panasonic
 Pokerstars.net
 Sportsbet
 Toyota (for Sports Tonight)

Sport rights
On 17 March 2009, Australian Swimming Championships was broadcast on 10 HD before the launch of 10 Bold on 26 March 2009 showing Live in 2009 until 2015.

In 2010, Both 10 & 10 Bold secured the rights for both Delhi 2010 & Glasgow 2014 also shared with Foxtel only 2010.

In October 2011, it was confirmed that the National Basketball League games would be delayed. During the 2012–13 season, some Friday night games were shown live on 10 Bold at 9.30 pm. Live Sunday games returned to 10 at 2pm.

By March 2012, sport was very much a secondary focus of 10 Bold. Sport is only shown when it clashes with 10's regular programming or as HD simulcast when it airs on 10. Moto GP races airs only on 10 Bold except for the Australian GP round which airs on 10 as well as 10 Bold as HD simulcast. F1 qualifying is shown on 10 Bold live while 10 replays later on.

10 Bold broadcast Formula One Grand Prix every qualifying session shown live with a half-hour preview. Rights to be held till 2014, including IPTV rights from 2011 to 2014 and in 2015 onwards Formula One shows a 1-hour highlight package at 9.30pm Mondays on One that aren't live on Network Ten while continuing with a simulcast on tenplay.

10 Bold broadcast Moto GP every race live (qualifying in highlights only from 2014 onwards) from 2010 till 2014, then from 2015 to 2016. Moto2 and Moto3 and MotoGP will be shown on the Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix round only on Ten.

10 Bold had previously showed NASCAR, between 2010 and 2014 airing both Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series highlights. Every NASCAR Sprint Cup race was shown live between 2011 and 2014.

10 Bold shows highlights for every round of Super Rugby every Sunday morning and replays of every Wallabies Test at around midday, that was previously shown on TEN from The Rugby Championship and Spring Tour

Availability
10 Bold is available in 1080i high definition from the network's five metropolitan owned-and-operated stations, TEN Sydney, ATV Melbourne, TVQ Brisbane, ADS Adelaide, and NEW Perth and is also available in regional Australia in 576i standard definition from Southern Cross Austereo's owned-and-operated stations, SGS/SCN in Spencer Gulf and Broken Hill, GLV/BCV in Regional Victoria, CTC in Southern New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory and TNQ in Regional Queensland. WIN Television through its owned-and-operated stations, NRN in Northern New South Wales, MGS/LRS in eastern South Australia, and MDN in Griffith and the MIA. Digital joint-venture stations, MDV in Mildura, TDT in Tasmania, WDT in regional Western Australia, DTD in Darwin, and CDT in Central Australia (including remote NT, QLD and SA) also broadcast 10 Bold but in 1080i high definition just like 10 Bold in 10’s O&O stations.

One was available to Foxtel cable subscribers via its HD+ package, and One SD was available on its basic cable service when it was broadcast.

Logo and identity history

Identity history
26 March 2009 – 7 May 2011: Sharing One Passion Sport/Sport Lives Here
7 May 2011 – 31 October 2018: It All Lives Here
10 December 2018 – 1 August 2020: It's better to be bold than bossy!
2 August 2020 — present: Heroes Live Here

See also

List of digital television channels in Australia

References

External links

Network 10
Digital terrestrial television in Australia
English-language television stations in Australia
Men's mass media
Men's interest channels
Television channels and stations established in 2009
2009 establishments in Australia


Integrated Overhead SIGINT Architecture, or IOSA, incorrectly reported to be codenamed Intruder, was a spy satellite system to be operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office, which would have replaced the Mentor and Mercury systems. The satellites were reported to have been under development in 1995. The Intruder system was designed to combine the electronic signals intelligence (ELINT) and communications intelligence (COMINT) roles of signals Intelligence (SIGINT) spacecraft, which had previously been performed by different satellites, the Rhyolite and Vortex series respectively.

It was reported that NROL-26 may be the launch designation for the first Intruder satellite. NROL-26 was scheduled to launch in 2005 on a Delta IVH from launch complex Space Launch Complex 37B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, but was delayed due to a number of issues. It launched on 17 January 2009, and subsequently designated USA-202. Documents leaked in 2013 however showed that recent launches had been of Orion satellites - an alternative name for the Mentor series. The same document also confirmed that the reported codename for IOSA, Intruder, was associated with a different programme; the Naval Ocean Surveillance System.

References

Reconnaissance satellites of the United States
Signals intelligence satellites


N road may refer to:
 a number of National roads in different countries
 N roads in Malaysia are roads in Negeri Sembilan
 "N roads" in the Netherlands are Provinciale weg
 National routes in South Africa
 Corridor N, a highway in the U.S. states of Maryland and Pennsylvania
 N roads in Zimbabwe


The Manxman was a motorcycle designed and built by H. J. Hatch and Eric Walker of the Excelsior Motor Company in Tyseley, Birmingham. Although it never won the Isle of Man TT, the Manxman was a very popular and reliable motorcycle which was successful in international racing and the Manx Grand Prix.  Production was halted by World War II and did not resume.

Development

The Excelsior Motor Company did not make engines before World War II so Excelsior's Eric Walker worked in partnership with Blackburne's Ike Hatch, building on ideas developed by Rudge motorcycles on four valve engines to develop an entirely new twin camshaft design with pushrod operated valves that they called the 'mechanical marvel'. This was planned as the power unit for a new motorcycle to be called the Marvel and the prototype won the 1933 lightweight TT.

It was decided however, that this engine was too complicated for mass production so the team developed a simpler two valve single overhead cam configuration in 250cc, 350 and 500cc capacities which were all marketed as the Manxman and had the Isle of Man emblem on the engine casing and a bronze cylinder head. Although riders found it heavy, the Manxman handled well and was very reliable - if a bit over engineered.

Road and race versions were produced but the 500 was only ever marketed as a sports roadster. In 1936 a four valve version was developed  and won second place in the 1936 and 1937 Lightweight TT races.  The Manxman also became a popular choice for the independent TT racers or privateers who went on to achieve many wins until World War II stopped them racing. In 1937 the company developed a shorter-stroke 250 engine and an aluminium-alloy cylinder head with right-hand exhaust port.

References

See also
List of motorcycles of the 1930s

Motorcycles of the United Kingdom
Motorcycles introduced in the 1930s


Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange is a private sector firm in Kenya. It was established in 1997. KACE primarily functions as an information service to enhance price discovery as well as a spot exchange. Futures contracts are not traded on KACE.

The main objective of Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange is to facilitate linkage between buyers and sellers, exporters and importers of agricultural commodities in trade. It provide farmers and market intermediaries such as traders, and consumers, with information about market, and other services that enhance their bargaining power and competitiveness in the market place. It also provide a transparent and competitive price discovery mechanism through the operations of the exchange trading floors and apply information and communication technologies for rural value addition and empowerment.

KACE signed an agreement with West Media Limited (WML), owners of the West FM Radio Station located in Bungoma Town in Western Province of Kenya,  where they have established an interactive radio program called Soko Hewani which means The Supermarket On Air in Swahili.
Offers and bids are announced on the Soko Hewani program. Listeners, then bid on the offers through phone, SMS, IVR or e-mail messages. The radio program staff then match the offers and bids as the program is on air,  then using mobile phone calls and SMS, or reference back to the specific MRC which submitted the offer or bid for further negotiation and conclusion of deals.

External links
 Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange

1997 establishments in Kenya
Financial services companies established in 1997
Financial services companies of Kenya
Agricultural organisations based in Kenya
Commodity exchanges


R road may refer to:
 Ring roads in Belgium
 R roads in the Czech Republic - expressways
 Regional roads in Ireland
 R roads in Malaysia, roads in Perlis
 Regional roads in Senegal
 R roads in Slovakia are "Rýchlostná cesta" (expressways)
 Regional Routes in South Africa, designated with letter R
 Provincial Routes in South Africa, also designated with letter R
 Corridor R, a highway in the U.S. state of Kentucky


Yanqing Temple () is a Buddhist temple located  to the west of Wutai County, Shanxi, China.

History
The Yanqing temple was founded during the Jin dynasty, and its Great Hall also dates from that period. The Great Hall contains three bays, six rafters, and is . The interior of the Great Hall has no pillars; it supports itself using the brackets of two rafters.

Notes

References
Qin Xuhua, ed. Dudong Wutaishan. Taiyuan: Shanxi People's Press, 2004.

Buddhist temples in Xinzhou
Jin dynasty (1115–1234) architecture
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shanxi

External links
Yanqing Monastery, Architectura Sinica Site Archive


The Badajoz massacre occurred in the days after the  Battle of Badajoz during the Spanish Civil War. Between 500
and 4,000 civilian and military supporters of the Second Spanish Republic were killed by the Nationalist forces  after the seizure of the town of Badajoz on August 14, 1936.

Background

The situation in Extremadura had been extremely tense for several months before the civil war commenced on July 17, 1936. The Republican government had passed the Agrarian Reform Law, which gave peasant farmers, who were more than 50% of the active population, the right to become owners of the land that they worked. That resulted in major confrontations between the farmers and the region's major landowners. In March 1936, labourers in the Badajoz region attempted to accelerate the implementation of the law by invading and occupying the farmlands in question.

In the aftermath of the Nationalist military rebellion, several bloody events in the region were perpetrated by Republicans, which were described as the "Republican repression" or the Spanish Red Terror. Queipo de Llano and Juan Yagüe would later justify the massacre at Badajoz as punishment for the Republican massacre of Nationalist supporters.

After the outbreak of war, on the night of July 18–19 in Fuente de Cantos, 56 people were forced into a church, which was then set ablaze from outside. Twelve victims died, with eight of them burned. On August 17 in Almendralejo, 28 Nationalist supporters, who had been held in prison, were executed. Eleven Nationalist supporters were executed in Badajoz itself. In all, some 243 people were executed in the west of the Province of Badajoz by Republican forces.

The Nationalists committed atrocities on Republican supporters during the advance of General Yagüe's column on Badajoz from Seville. In every city taken by Yagüe's troops, dozens to thousands of people were killed.

After the occupation of Fuente de Cantos by Yagüe's column, some 325 Republicans were executed. Another 403 Republicans were executed after the fall of Almendralejo. Between 6,610 and 12,000 persons were killed by Nationalist forces in the western part of the Province of Badajoz, including the city of Badajoz itself. Most of the victims were journeymen and farmers. The massacres were part of the Spanish "White Terror".

Taking of Badajoz

The occupation of Badajoz occurred during the advance of the Nationalist Army from Andalucía to the north of the Iberian Peninsula. The assault on the city was vital for the Nationalists, as it would mean the joining of the Army of the South with that of Emilio Mola, which dominated the north.

Badajoz found itself isolated after the fall of Mérida several days earlier. The siege of the town was carried out by 2,250 Spanish legionarios, 750 Moroccan Regulares and five batteries of artillery under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Juan Yagüe.

The final assault was made on the evening of August 14, after the city had been bombarded from both land and air (by German Junkers Ju 52) for most of the day. Badajoz's recently reoccupied 18th-century walls were defended by 2,000 Republican militiamen and 500 regular soldiers, led by Colonel Ildefonso Puigdendolas.

After opening a breach in the walls to the east, at the Puerte de la Trinidad and Puerte de Carros, the Nationalist troops entered the city. After bloody hand-to-hand fighting, Badajoz fell to the Nationalists.

Accounts
Badajoz fell to the Nationalists on August 14. That day, many civilians were killed in the streets of the city, including women and children, especially by the Moroccan troops.

The same day, Yagüe ordered the confinement of all prisoners, most of them civilians, in the town's Bull Ring (Plaza de Toros), and he began executions there that night. According to articles published in Le Populaire, Le Temps, Le Figaro, Paris-Soir, Diário de Lisboa and the Chicago Tribune mass executions took place, and the streets of Badajoz became littered with bodies. On the first day, there are accounts that claim that 1,000 people were executed. The American journalist Jay Allen, in his report in the Chicago Tribune, spoke of 1,800 men and women killed on the first night alone.

On August 15, a reporter for Le Temps, Jacques Berthet, sent the following report:
...around 200 people have been shot by firing squad, we have seen the sidewalks of the Comandancia Militar soaked in blood.... The arrests and mass executions continue in the Bull Ring. The streets are swept by bullets, covered in glass, tiles and abandoned bodies. In the calle San Juan alone there are 300 corpses.

On August 18, Le Populaire published:
Elvas. August 17. Mass executions have been taking place all yesterday evening and all of this morning in Badajoz. It is estimated that the number of people executed is more than 1,500. Among the notable victims are a number of officers who defended the city against the entrance of the rebels: Colonel Cantero, commandant Alonso, captain Almendro, Lieutenant Vega and a number of NCOs and soldiers. At the same time, dozens of civilians have been shot around the bull ring.

Also on August 18, François Mauriac published an article about the events in Badajoz in Le Figaro.

The Portuguese journalist Mário Neves, who had witnessed the massacre at first hand, had his report to Diário de Lisboa censored by the government of António de Oliveira Salazar, who was an ally of the Spanish Nationalists. Neves returned to Portugal, was horrified by what he had witnessed and swore that he would never return to Badajoz. He finally returned there in 1982 to retrace his steps in the places in which the events had happened for a television documentary.

Mass executions
The method of execution used was firing squad or machine-gunning of those who had defended the city or who were suspected to sympathise with the Republic. They were taken by Legionarios, Moroccan Regulares, officers of the Guardia Civil or local members of the fascist Falange Party although there are accounts stating that the Moroccans did not take part in the repression after the battle. Afterwards, the bodies were burned at the walls of San Juan Cemetery.

According to the testimony of survivors, the executions were carried out in groups, and the bodies were then taken by truck to the old cemetery, where the bodies were burned and then deposited in mass graves.

One employee of the city council, interviewed by Francisco Pilo Ortiz, recalled:

The Guardia Civil came looking for us at three in the morning of the August 15, "because there was work to be done".... One of them said he would get the truck from the yard and that we had to go to the bull ring.... At half past three we arrived. Inside the ring, on the left there were many dead laid out in a line, and they told us to load them into the truck and take them to the cemetery.... [when they returned from the cemetery] There were more dead bodies, but not all together, a pile here, another over there. Then I realised that they were taking them out in batches and shooting them. That day, we made at least seven trips [from the bull ring to the cemetery]

There were also firing squads in other areas of the city. Among those executed were men and women who supported the Republic, workers, peasants, soldiers who took part in the battle, local authorities and those who were merely suspected of belonging to one of those categories.

After the fall of the city, Mayor Sinforiano Madroñero and his deputy, Nicolás de Pablo, both Socialists, crossed the border into Portugal, but they were tracked down by agents of the Portuguese regime and handed over to the Nationalist troops, who executed them without trial in Badajoz on August 20.

Afterwards, a testimony was published in La Voz (October 20, 1936), in the Republican-controlled Madrid, that the executions in the Bull Ring had been like a party for the executioners, with a crowd present, and that some of the victims had even been killed in the manner of bullfight (stuck in the back with bandillero lances) and mutilated. That has never been verified although there is some evidence that sadism was indulged during the massacre.

After learning of the events, Nationalist propaganda published various other versions of events to try to hide the massacre, and several foreign correspondents were threatened or discredited in the press.

Aftermath
The massacre of Badajoz was of great significance in the development of the war. In late August, as the Basque towns of Irun and Fuenterrabia were being shelled from the sea and bombed from the air, the rebels dropped pamphlets threatening to deal with the population as they had "dealt with" the people of Badajoz. In consequence, panic-stricken refugees headed for France. The publication in the foreign press of the events meant that Franco ordered that such massacres were to cease, as they harmed the Nationalists' image. On the other side, Republican propaganda publicised the massacre enormously and used it to justify their atrocities, such as the Paracuellos massacre of November 1936.

Arising from the events in Badajoz, the German officer Hans von Funck, one of the few high-ranking German soldiers present with the Nationalist Army of the South, sent a report to Berlin advising against the deployment of regular German troops in Spain. He wrote that he was

a soldier used to combat, who has fought in France during World War I, but he has never seen such brutality and ferocity as that with which the African Expeditionary Force carried out their operations. For this reason he advised against sending German regulars to Spain, because before such savagery, the German soldiers would become demoralised.

Estimates of death toll
The massacre is one of the most controversial events of the war, and estimates of the number of victims vary significantly depending on the historian doing the research. In addition, since the Nationalist side won the war, there was never an official investigation into what happened to Republicans in the city after its fall. Most estimates suggest that between 2,000 and 4,000 people were executed. An investigation by the historian Francisco Espinosa has established a list of 1,341 names of victims of the Nationalists in the city of Badajoz, but he said that was only a partial figure and that the true death toll may be higher.

Several human rights associations have categorised the events in Badajoz as crimes against humanity. or even genocide. As of 2007, there were several complaints to that effect under consideration.

The troops who committed the killings at Badajoz were under the command of Yagüe, who after the war was appointed Ministry of the Air by Franco. For the actions of his troops at Badajoz, Yagüe was popularly known as the butcher of Badajoz.
According to a census, Badajoz had 41,122 inhabitants in 1930 and so if the correct figure was 4,000 executed, the percentage of retaliation would have reached 10% of the population.

The Nationalists tried to conceal the massacre, but some journalists (Mário Neves, Rene Brut, Daniel Berthet, Marcel Dany and Jay Allen) entered Badajoz after the seizure of the town and discovered the executions. Furthermore, Yagüe himself boasted to the American correspondent John T. Whitaker:

However, lower figures have also been suggested. A 2010 study put the death toll at between 500 and 700.

Notes

References
 Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain. Penguin Books. London. 2006.
 De Madariaga, Maria Rosa. Los moros que trajo Franco...La intervención de tropas coloniales en la guerra civil. Ediciones Martínez Roca. Barcelona. 2002.
 Espinosa, Francisco. La columna de la muerte. El avance del ejército franquista de Sevilla a Badajoz. Editorial Crítica. Barcelona. 2003.
 Julía, Santos; Casanova, Julián; Solé y Sabaté, Josep Maria; Villarroya, Joan; Moreno, Francisco. Victimas de la guerra civil. Ediciones Temas de Hoy. Madrid. 1999.
 Neves, Mario. La matanza de Badajoz. Junta de Extremadura. Mérida. 2007.
 Preston, Paul. The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, revolutions & revenge. Harper Perennial. 2006. London.
 Southworth, Herbert R. El mito de la cruzada de Franco. Random House Mondadori. Barcelona. 2008.

External links
 S.B.H.A.C.: Slaughter of Badajoz.
 YouTube: La matanza de Badajoz
 Centro Cultural Cervantes: Slaughter of 4,000 at Badajoz by Jay Allen
 Granada TV Documentary on the Spanish Civil War Episode on the slaughter at Badajoz in (English)

1936 in Spain
Massacres in 1936
Spanish Civil War prisoner of war massacres
Spanish Civil War in Extremadura
August 1936 events
History of the province of Badajoz


Tod Johnston is an entertainer, radio and television personality and presenter and musician from Perth, Western Australia. He was born in Sydney, the son of actress and singer  Jill Perryman and choreographer Kevan Johnston.

Early life
After leaving school, Johnston studied at Murdoch University where he gained a degree in environmental science. It was from here that he was introduced to the live music arena.

Career
In the 1980s, Johnston was the lead singer of a popular band V Capri in Perth Western Australia.

He has appeared on a number of television shows, starting in the early 1990s at Network Ten as a presenter on Airplay, Kid's Company and presenting weekend weather reports. In the late 1990s he worked at Channel Nine Perth as weather presenter and hosted a segment on the network's variety show, In Melbourne Tonight, where he also appeared as a guest vocalist. Later he was a guest host on Postcards WA. He also worked for the Nine Network Australia as presenter for the series Wine Me Dine Me.

Internationally, he can be seen on a regular basis on GMTV Breakfast Television in the United Kingdom live from Australia.

In 2003, Johnston was the afternoon presenter at 720 ABC Perth radio, replacing Verity James whilst she was on long service leave. He hosted Saturday afternoons and Sunday afternoons with his own radio show, The Big Weekend, on Perth talkback radio station 6PR.

Johnston currently works in music and entertainment and is in demand as a master of ceremonies throughout Australia. He has a working band, Tod Johnston & PeaceLove, as well as the jazz combo In The Lounge with Sue Bluck.

In January 2021, 6PR announced that Johnston will take over from Chris Ilsley to host the station's evening program The Nightshift.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Australian television presenters
Australian male singers
Australian radio personalities
Australian male songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Perth, Western Australia
Musicians from Sydney


P road may refer to :
 P roads in Belarus, republican roads
 P road in Latvia, first class roads
 P roads in Malaysia, roads in Penang
 P roads in Ukraine, state regional roads
 Corridor P, a highway in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania


Sergio Los (born 1934 in Marostica, Veneto) is an Italian architect and educator. He is considered one of the main interpreters of the Regional Bioclimatic Architecture, a design philosophy developed during the seventies (1972–1979) at the University Iuav of Venice under the pressure of the environmental and energy crisis. He developed a locally rooted architecture that adapts to the regional circumstances and uses the natural energetic potentials, especially solar energy. Already in 1980 he was contributing to the organisation PLEA (Passive and Low Energy Architecture ), that promotes sustainable architecture on a worldwide scale.

Biography

Early years
His artistic formation took place at the University Iuav of Venice with Carlo Scarpa. Between 1964 and 1971 he was involved in a collaboration with Carlo Scarpa, working at the University Iuav of Venice and following many projects in his office.
He wrote Carlo Scarpa Architetto Poeta, published in 1967, which was at that time the first book about Scarpa’s architecture. Involved in the Design Process Theories, he introduced in Italy the ideas of Christopher Alexander translating his Notes on the Synthesis of Form 1967, and the searches of the Cambridge University Martin Centre, editing and translating the book of L. March and P. Steadman The Geometry of Environment, 1974.

Regional career
Between 1972 and 1979, he develops a regional bioclimatic approach to multi-scale architecture that drives him into designing and constructing some buildings and city plans. Through an experimental design and building activity, he deepen the concept of a sustainable resilient urban fabric, which is based on the network of civic architecture, aimed to produce a local microclimate in the open outdoor spaces. Having tested some realized projects his design solutions were confirmed and transferred through handbooks. He is involved in the development of lectures and a contribution to The Geography of Architecture (The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary World Architecture).

Civic architect
In the last twenty years, he is involved in increasing the city’s communicative action, compared to the prevailing instrumental action of the actual metropolises. In his view the city is considered as a communicative system, analogous to the language and to other symbolic systems. The city operates for composing a common world, it becomes for its citizens a way of knowing, but sharing the construction of such knowledge. He is pursuing some cooperative design processes that deal with city plans aimed to activate a learning community. He thinks that only communities of citizens can pursue resilient, sustainable cities.

Academic career
• Sergio Los is professor of Architectural Composition at the University Iuav of Venice, now retired.
• Between 1965 and 1971 he taught Interior Architecture at the University Iuav of Venice in Italy.
• Between 1972 and 1978 he taught Town Design in the Department of Giancarlo De Carlo at the University Iuav of Venice, later between 1979 and 2000 he taught Architectural Composition, showing his main interest in Multi-Scale Architecture.
• From 1970 up to 2000 he is responsible of many research activities for MURST (:it:Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca), CNR/ENEA (Italy) PFE, EU, International Energy Agency, on the design of a sustainable multi-scale architecture, published in various books and magazines.

Awards
• In 1996 at Louvain la Neuve, he received the 13° PLEA (Passive and Low Energy Architecture) INTERNATIONAL AWARD  with Natasha F. Pulitzer, having pursued in research, teaching, and professional activity the integration of the art and the science of architecture.
• In 1998 at Florence, he received the WREN PIONEER AWARD, for his contribution in the design of a renewable energy architecture.
• In 2003 at Berlin he received the European EUROSOLAS PRIZE, for his career in Solar Architecture.

Works
Sergio Los (1967). Carlo Scarpa Architetto Poeta. CLUVA, Venice
Sergio Los (2009). SCARPA. Taschen, Koln.
Sergio Los (1993). Carlo Scarpa. Benedict Taschen, Cologne,
Sergio Los (1995). Carlo Scarpa, guida all’architettura. Arsenale Editrice, Venice.
Sergio Los, (edited by) (1985). VERUM IPSUM FACTUM, Il progetto di Carlo Scarpa per l’ingresso dell’Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia. CLUVA, Venice
Sergio Los, (edited by) (1990). Regionalismo dell’Architettura. Franco Muzzio editore, Padova.
Jeffrey Cook and Sergio Los (1981), Un approccio bioclimatico al regionalismo architettonico
Italian translations of essay of Christopher Alexander Note sulla Sintesi della Forma, Milan, (1967)
Italian translations of the book of L. March and P. Steadman La Geometria dell’Ambiente, Milan, (1974)
Venice, Regionalism and Architecture, (1985)
Trento, Caratteri Ambientali dell’Architettura, (1998)
Sergio Los Geografia dell'architettura (Il Poligrafo, Padova. )
Vicenza, A Knowledge Civic Architecture, (2007)

References

1934 births
Living people
People from Marostica
Architects from Veneto
Academic staff of the Università Iuav di Venezia
20th-century Italian architects
21st-century Italian architects


Koraro (), also transliteratd as Qoraro, is a village in north Ethiopia's Tigray Region, located in the Hawzen woreda, near Hawzen, in a cluster of 11 villages with a total of 55,000 residents. This village is located about  from a dry weather road. Due to such long distances and some communication infrastructure, Koraro is quite isolated.

It is in an area surrounded by cactuses and dusty land. The 11 villages span an area of several thousand square kilometres, stitched together by extremely poor or non-existent roads, making traveling between the villages and local commercial centers, such as Hawzen and Mekelle, very difficult. Koraro is one of the most remote and isolated sites and suffers from very poor infrastructure and severe drought. The region is semiarid with a short rainy season that lasts from the end of June to the beginning of September.

Notes

Sources

IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
Koraro, Ethiopia at Millennium Villages

Populated places in the Tigray Region


T road may refer to:
 T roads in Zambia
 T roads in Terrengganu, Malaysia, part of the Malaysian State Roads system
 T roads in Ukraine, regional network of territorial roads
 Trunk roads in the old road system of Ireland
 Corridor T, part of the Appalachian Development Highway System in Pennsylvania and New York, U.S.