The following is a list of characters from Sons of Anarchy, and its spin-off Mayans M.C. Both are American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter. Sons of Anarchy aired from 2008 to 2014, Mayans M.C. from 2018 to 2023.

Cast
  = Main cast (credited)
  = Recurring cast (3+)
  = Guest cast (1-2)

Main cast

Recurring cast

Guest cast

Lead characters

Jax Teller

Jackson Nathaniel 'Jax' Teller (Charlie Hunnam), is a member of the titular motorcycle club and the main protagonist of the series. He spends the majority of the show's lifespan as the vice president of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club's Redwood Original (SAMCRO) mother charter based in Charming, California; following season four, he assumes the presidency for the remainder of the series.

Ezekiel Reyes

Ezekiel 'E.Z.' Reyes (J. D. Pardo) is the protagonist on the FX television series Mayans M.C.. A member of the titular motorcycle club, he is a Prospect for the majority of the first two seasons of the series. The brother of club member Angel Reyes, E.Z. becomes a full patch member by the end of the second season. And later gets promoted to Vice-President and then President. E.Z. also has an eidetic memory, and can vividly remember childhood memories. Pardo had to go through a transformation for the role, including gaining muscle.

Main characters

Sons of Anarchy

Gemma Teller-Morrow

Gemma Teller-Morrow (Katey Sagal) is the queen of Charming under Clay's rule and also the main female character from the show. A Machiavellian schemer and expert in psychological manipulation, Gemma is the wife of Clay Morrow, the widow of John Teller and mother of Jax Teller. Gemma also made a guest appearance in Mayans M.C..

Bobby Munson

Robert 'Bobby Elvis' Munson (Mark Boone Junior) is the treasury secretary of SAMCRO. He later becomes vice president when Jax takes over as president. Bobby is intelligent and even-tempered (an uncommon trait among his club-mates), but unafraid of using violence when necessary. Munson's father was an accountant in Reno, Nevada, and kept two sets of books for the Mafia. Bobby apparently learned accounting from him. He is Jewish and does Elvis Presley impersonations in Lake Tahoe, leading to him sometimes being referred to as "Bobby Elvis". He is the Treasurer Secretary of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club's Charming, California chapter. This means that he is responsible for all of the club's financial matters and record keeping. As one of the club's calmer members, he frequently finds himself having to try to calm tensions among his brothers, particularly during Season 2. It was revealed by Juice Ortiz in season 6 that Bobby started out in the SOA Nomad charter, presumably after prospecting for the SOA Reno Chapter.

He is murdered by August Marks after being taken hostage and having his eye cut out and fingers cut off and delivered to Jax. He is a victim of Gemma's lies about how Tara died.

Tig Trager

Alexander 'Tig' Trager (Kim Coates) is the Vice President and former Sergeant-at-Arms of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club's Charming, California charter and is the club's most violent member. During the first four seasons of the show, he wore the "Sgt. at Arms" patch on his cut and after season seven, he wears the "V. President" patch. He is extremely loyal to Clay Morrow, the club's president, Clay's wife Gemma, and the club itself. He has at times had a strained relationship with the then Vice President Jax Teller, arising from Trager's use of violence in situations which may not call for it.

Not much is mentioned about Trager's past, but it is likely that he is a native of Charming and that he has served time in prison. It is explained in a behind-the-scenes video from Season One that he was a U.S. Marine. He is in his late 40s or early 50s and was the Sergeant-at-Arms of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club's Mother Charter, the responsibilities of which include: to ensure proper employment, defense, and enforcement of club rules, charter bylaws, and charter decrees, and imposition of penalties for violations thereof are observed, executed, and fulfilled. His "day job" is working as a mechanic at the Teller-Morrow Automotive Repair shop, and he is often used by the gang to carry out killings. He has two daughters, named Dawn and Fawn, whom he sees a couple of times each year. He suffers from acute pediophobia, a fear of dolls, which Sons of Anarchy creator Kurt Sutter actually has. In the Season One episode "Old Bones", he explicitly says that he is a necrophiliac, and describes to Clay what he likes about it, while at the morgue. It remains unclear whether Tig was being serious, or simply used the opportunity to enhance his reputation for embracing the gruesome and the macabre. Several times he is hinted to have a proclivity for other paraphilias. Despite a perhaps depraved love of violence, Tig also shows sensitivity when it comes to women, children, and animals, taking revenge against those who exploit them. In season 5, Tig becomes a pet owner after rescuing an American Pit Bull Terrier who lost her fight, from being shot. Tig is frequently employed in situations where the use of violence is needed.  Far from shying away, Tig actually seems to enjoy and covet his position as an enforcer, relishing the art of dirty fighting and the use of sudden, vicious, and often extreme violence. A trademark tactic is for him to bite off a piece of flesh from a rival during a fight..

Chibs Telford

Filip 'Chibs' Telford (Tommy Flanagan), succeeded Jackson "Jax" Teller as SAMCRO president after stints as vice president and sergeant at arms. Chibs was born in Scotland and grew up in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He is a former member of the Real IRA and Sons of Anarchy's Belfast charter, aka SAMBEL. He is the club member to have held the most positions. On his colors, he wore the following patches: "Sgt. at Arms", "V. President", "Sons of Anarchy" and like Jax, the "In Memory of Opie" patch. Chibs is extremely loyal to Jax Teller and the club; he also has a good relationship with Tig Trager, Half-Sack Epps (a prospect he sponsored), and Juice Ortiz, with whom he has a fatherlike relationship, which ends after Juice's eventual betrayal of the club.

Chibs is SAMCRO's connection with the IRA, which sells guns to organized crime groups within the United States. He is originally from Glasgow, Scotland, but grew up in Belfast, Northern Ireland and is heard speaking  Scottish Gaelic. As he tells IRA member Cameron Hayes, whom he patches up after Cameron is shot, Chibs served as a medic with the British Army for five months before being court-martialed.

Chibs was excommunicated from the IRA by the group's leader, Jimmy O'Phelan, who out of jealousy scarred Chibs' face, told him never to return to Ireland, stole Chibs' wife Fiona Larkin (who, as shown in Season 2 remains married to and still loves, but is estranged from Chibs), and raised Chibs and Fiona's daughter, Kerrianne.  Chibs then joined SAMBEL in Ireland until he transferred to SAMCRO in the United States, whose Charming charter has Real IRA links via the club's Belfast charter.

Chibs also appears in Mayans M.C..

Half-Sack Epps

Edward Kip 'Half-Sack' Epps (whom Cherry calls Kip and Tig sometimes calls Kippy) (Johnny Lewis) is nicknamed Half-Sack because he lost his right testicle in the Iraq War. He is a prospect in seasons 1–2, tasked with doing all menial jobs SAMCRO members don't want to do. He's not overly bright (he stores a bloody deer's head under the club's pool table with the intention of mounting it on the wall, but doesn't understand when Jax says it has to be stuffed). He's loyal, brave, obedient, and earns Jax's trust. Half-Sack is a lightweight boxing champion, and in season 1 the club earns money from purses and bets on Half-Sack in order to buy guns from the Irish.

Kip Epps served in the United States Army during the Iraq War. He lost a testicle while serving in Iraq, prompting the nickname "Half Sack". A surprisingly formidable fighter, he was also the Junior Lightweight Champion of the Armed Forces boxing competition. After leaving the military, he began prospecting for the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club and worked as a mechanic at Teller-Morrow Automotive Repair. He is also a vegetarian.

Tara Knowles-Teller

Dr. Tara Knowles-Teller (Maggie Siff) is Jax's main love interest. She moves back to Charming shortly before the events of the series. In season 5, Jax and Tara become husband and wife. She is also the mother of his son Thomas and stepmother to Abel.

Clay Morrow

Clarence 'Clay' Morrow (Ron Perlman) is a First 9 member of SAMCRO. He starts off the series as president. He is the stepfather to Jax Teller and the second husband to Gemma. His actions throughout the series have severe effects on both the club and his family.

Opie Winston

Harry 'Opie' Winston (Ryan Hurst) is the son of SAMCRO co-founder Piney, and the best friend of Jax Teller since childhood. Opie's mother took him away from Piney and Charming when he was 16, but he left her and returned to his father and the club. While married to Donna, Opie is sent to prison for five years after being caught by police when his getaway driver (Kyle Hobart) abandoned him at a crime scene, thus leaving Opie's wife and two children, Ellie and Kenny, to fend for themselves during his incarceration. Upon his release, Opie's family has difficulty making ends meet, which contributes to Opie's decision to resume illegal activity with SAMCRO, against Donna's wishes. After Donna is murdered, Lyla forms a relationship with Opie, who ultimately marries her. Opie purposely gets himself sent back to prison to help protect Jax and sacrifices himself when Pope wants one of the Sons dead. He is given a final farewell in the clubhouse with all of SAMCRO honouring him.

Piney Winston

Piermont 'Piney' Winston (William Lucking) co-founded SAMCRO, and was the club's first vice president. He is the father of Opie, was a Vietnam veteran, and must carry an oxygen tank due to emphysema. His patches have included: First 9, Redwood and Original.

Winston was in his late 60s and served as a Soldier in the U.S. Army 25th Infantry Division during the Vietnam War. When he returned to his hometown of Charming, California, in 1967, he felt ostracized by the same society he had just risked his life for. He eventually co-founded the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club with fellow war veteran John Teller as a form of social rebellion and freedom. He was JT's vice president until he was diagnosed with emphysema in 1991. He then suffered from severe emphysema and had to carry an oxygen tank with him at all times, which prevent his going out on runs, but he still attended "Church". Piney’s emphysema is implied to have been caused by years of smoking, and he is often seen holding and smelling unlit cigarettes during sit-downs. Despite his age he proved to be just as tough as his younger club brothers. Piney is the father of Harry "Opie" Winston, Jax Teller's best friend and another member of the Sons of Anarchy. Piney was the only contemporary SAMCRO (Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Redwood Original) member to wear the original Sons of Anarchy denim kutte. He is a heavy drinker, even more so than the other club members, with his preferred liquor being Patrón.

Juice Ortiz

Juan-Carlos 'Juice' Ortiz (Theo Rossi) is SAMCRO's hacker and intelligence officer. Though Juice displays great technical prowess in some respects, he has also proven to be somewhat simple minded when it comes to other tasks, often garnering him hazing from the other members. His storyline grows after law enforcement see him as the Club's weak link; in seasons 5-6 the Club becomes aware of his betrayals. On his colours, he wears the "Men of Mayhem" patch. He is one of three characters killed in the series' penultimate episode, "Red Rose," along with Wayne Unser and Gemma Teller Morrow.

Ortiz is of Puerto Rican and African-American descent, and is from Queens, New York. Ortiz's sponsor was Jax Teller (season 2). He was seen as unreliable by Clay Morrow, and is often given menial tasks, such as driving the transport truck. He sports a short mohawk and has matching tribal designs tattooed on each side of his head. According to Gemma Teller Morrow, Ortiz has a sister in Queens, although their relationship seems to be very distant.

He is a young and relatively new member of SAMCRO; he is close with Chibs Telford and Tig Trager, and it's suggested that he was sponsored by Jax as a prospect.

He develops depression and anxiety which results in a suicide attempt.

Wayne Unser

Chief Wayne Unser (Dayton Callie) is the chief of the Charming Police Department. He also owns Unser Shipping trucking company, and is not above using the SOA for protection and other questionable activities related to his business. He is an ally of Clay Morrow, as well as a USMC Veteran of the Vietnam War.

Despite serving as chief of police, Unser's ties to SAMCRO tighten over the course of the series. This is most evident when he helps the club to kill corrupt ATF Agent June Stahl and club nemesis Jimmy O'Phalen. Unser is ousted as Chief of Police when the city decides to let the county sheriffs take over policing duties. Unser eventually grows very close with the Teller family and SAMCRO, frequently intervening in problems to find acceptable solutions and helping prevent infighting among members. Unser ends up retiring, but due to the expenses of his cancer treatment is forced to sell his house and business, and moves into a trailer. Ever since, he is often seen helping the Teller family in many tasks. He also uses his connections to aid the club in avoiding law enforcement investigations and gang warfare.

Conflicting loyalties within the Teller family and the club eventually convince Unser to rejoin law enforcement as an ad hoc investigator for Lt. Althea Jarry of the San Joaquin County Sheriffs Department. Unser goes to these extreme measures in hopes of finally stopping all the bloodshed the club is causing and suffering from. In the penultimate episode of the series, Jax Teller kills Wayne while he is trying to arrest Gemma Teller-Morrow (to prevent her son Jax from killing her).

Wendy Case

Wendy Case (Drea de Matteo) is Jax Teller's ex-wife and Abel Teller's biological mother. Shortly after Jax breaks up with her, she intentionally becomes pregnant in the hope that it would keep Jax with her. She was a meth addict during her pregnancy, which nearly killed Abel who was born ten weeks premature with a hereditary heart malfunction and a tear in his abdominal wall.

Drea de Matteo is a supporting cast member for the majority of her time on the series. She was promoted to main cast billing for the seventh and last season.

Happy Lowman

Happy 'Hap' Lowman (David LaBrava) is SAMCRO's Sergeant-at-Arms beginning in season 6. His birth name is Happy which is based on Happy Loman from Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman. Lowman is played by real-life Hells Angel David Labrava. Happy Lowman portrays the enforcer as a member of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club along with being affiliated with the Tacoma, Washington SOA charter but later becomes a nomad (has no permanent charter). In the episode titled "The Push", Happy is patched in as an official member of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club- Redwood Original (SAMCRO) charter. He along with Tig Trager, are commonly used to carry out the club's dirty work. He is from Tacoma, Washington but frequently visits the club's charter in Charming, California where he has a good relationship with the President, Clay Morrow. Hap mentions that his mother is from Bakersfield, California. A heartless assassin, he has been shown to enjoy acts of violence that even other members of the club are disturbed by. Despite the toughness he regularly displays, he is depicted in the show at times as being emotional and not just when a club member dies. He has a Smiley (happy face) tattooed on him every time he kills someone.

Happy also appears in Mayans M.C., first in the first season finale "Cuervo/Tz'ikb'uul", wherein it is revealed Happy killed Marisol Reyes, the mother of the series protagonist Ezekiel "EZ" Reyes and his brother Angel Reyes. EZ comes closer to cracking into Happy's involvement with killing operations for SAMCRO, including the murder of his own mother. EZ reveals the truth to his brother Angel about their mother's death and that he got information on the side about Happy, and his history with SAMCRO. Angel and EZ travel to Charming and break into Happy's house, holding him at gunpoint. The Reyes brothers try to get answers from a tied up Happy, but he refuses to speak until they threaten his dog, Opie. He explains the hit was for both their parents and that the order came from Mexico. He promises to get more information from his contact and that they will be even. In the season five episode "My Eyes Filled and Then Closed on the Last of Childhood Tears", EZ and Angel find the whereabouts of Happy and kill him.

Ratboy Skogstrom
George 'Ratboy' Skogstrom (Niko Nicotera) is originally introduced as a prospect during Season 4. He becomes a patched member and is often entrusted to look after Gemma and the other women.

Nero Padilla
Neron 'Nero' Padilla (Jimmy Smits) is a Mexican-American pimp (who refers to himself as a "companionator") and the head of a Mexican gang known as the Byz Lats. In the Season 5 premiere, he is shown to have bonded with Gemma Teller. In "Authority Vested", he provides sanctuary to the Sons, who hide out at his brothel, Diosa, when SAMCRO is under attack and planning their next move. Over the next few episodes, Nero forms an alliance with Jax Teller and offers mentorly advice, such as how to deal with Gemma (in "Toad's Wild Ride"). Nero has a young son who is disabled and lives in a home.

Mayans M.C.

Mayans M.C. takes place in the same fictional universe as Sons of Anarchy and deals with the Sons' rivals-turned-allies then rivals once again, the Mayans Motorcycle Club.

Angel Reyes

Angel Reyes (Clayton Cardenas), is EZ's brother and Él Secretario of the Mayans, Santo Padre Charter.

Emily Thomas

Emily Thomas (Sarah Bolger), is the childhood sweetheart of EZ, who is now married to Miguel Galindo, and the mother of their infant son.

Bishop Losa
Obispo 'Bishop' Losa (Michael Irby), is president of the Mayans Santo Padre Charter.

Adelita
Adelita (Carla Baratta), who as a child, watched her family die at the hands of the Galindo cartel.

Johnny Cruz
Johnny 'El Coco' Cruz (Richard Cabral) is a full patch member of Mayans M.C.

Gilberto Lopez
Gilberto 'Gilly' Lopez (Vincent “Rocco” Vargas), A former U.S. Army Ranger, good-natured Mixed martial arts fighter, and a full patch member of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter

Taza Romero
Che 'Taza' Romero (Raoul Trujillo), Vice Presidente of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter.

Neron Vargas
Neron 'Creeper' Vargas (Joseph Lucero) a full patch member of Mayans M.C. and "Road Captain" of the Santo Padre Charter.

Riz Ariza
Michael 'Riz' Ariza (Antonio Jaramillo) is a full patch member of Mayans M.C.

Miguel Galindo
Miguel Galindo (Danny Pino) is the son of Galindo Cartel founder Jose Galindo, and is the illegitimate son of Felipe, making him a half-brother to Ezekiel and Angel Reyes.

Felipe Reyes
Felipe Reyes (Edward James Olmos) is the once-strong Mexican patriarch and Angel and EZ's father.

Marcus Álvarez

Marcus Álvarez (Emilio Rivera) is the president of the Mayans Motorcycle Club, an Oakland-based rival motorcycle club that has allied itself with the Nords in order to break SAMCRO's iron-fisted control over Charming. He and the Mayans are bitter rivals with the Niners gang.

Álvarez, who is of Mexican descent, seems to be the Mayans national president. His son, Esai, was also a member of the club but had a hit placed on him by Marcus in 2008 as punishment for failing his mission. Most of his, and his gang's, income is made through dealing heroin and methamphetamine, and prostitution. For some time, he was a prisoner in Chino, but was released some time before the beginning of Season 1 of Sons of Anarchy. On his colors, he wears patches reading "Los Asesinos de Dios" (Spanish for "God's Assassins") and "Mayans Oakland". However, his "President" patch is later changed to "El Padrino". He also has the Mayan Calendar tattooed on his chest.

Álvarez also appears in the spin-off Mayans M.C., now wearing an "El Padrino" patch (which in English translates to "The Godfather"), he goes down to Santo Padre Charter with members of the Mayans Motorcycle Club's Oakland, California charter to help the Santo Padre charter deal with the Galindo Cartel. It is revealed that he and José Galindo; the founder of the Cartel, had a mutual respect for one another. Álvarez later suspects that a mule in the Santo Padre charter is working with Los Olvidados ("The Forgotten Ones"). In the first season finale, Álvarez steps down as Padrino to work with the Galindo Cartel directly as Miguel's newly appointed advisor.

Gabriela 'Gaby' Castillo
Gabriela 'Gaby' Castillo (Sulem Calderon) newly immigrated to the U.S. from Oaxaca, Mexico, she seeks to build a brighter future for herself and her family. After moving to Santo Padre, she starts a relationship with EZ until she leaves for Lodi to attend nursing school.

Leticia Cruz
Leticia Cruz (Emily Tosta) is Coco's daughter who was raised by her grandmother Celia for most of her life believing she was his younger sister.

Hank 'El Tranq' Loza
 Hank 'El Tranq' Loza (Frankie Loyal), a kind-hearted former bare-knuckle brawler and El Pacificador (Sgt-at-Arms) of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter.

Neron 'Creeper' Vargas
Neron 'Creeper' Vargas (Joseph Raymond Lucero), an ex-junkie from Los Angeles and a full patch member of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter and its former Capitan Del Camino (Road Captain). After an investigation into the Mayans' activities by the ATF, he covers for the club and is incarcerated, but maintains club membership.

Gilberto 'Gilly' Lopez
Gilberto 'Gilly' Lopez (Vincent Vargas), a good-natured mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter, former U.S. Army Ranger, and a full patch member and later Capitan Del Camino of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter

Isaac Packer
Isaac Packer (JR Bourne, the President of SAMDINO and a former Nomad who became the leader of a drug community based outside of Santo Padre at an encampment dubbed "Meth Mountain". He was previously ex-communicated from SAMDINO by his older brother and former President, Les Packer due to his unstable nature.

Recurring

Sons of Anarchy

SAMCRO members

Orlin West
Orlin West a.k.a. "West" (Douglas Bennett) is one of the three Sons Bobby recruited into the Redwood Original Charter in season 6. He was killed at the port warehouse by Lin's men in season 7 while guarding the guns the Sons had stolen from Lin.

Go-Go
'Go-Go' (Chris Browning), a Nomad who comes to Charming, appears in season 5 and is voted into the club when the Nomad charter closes. He, Frankie, and Greg the Peg are working for Clay and are behind the break-ins and attacks. GoGo is killed by Unser with a double-barrel shotgun when he and Greg the Peg go to kill Unser, unaware that Clay is there and has double-crossed them.

Greg the Peg
Greg 'The Peg' (Kurt Yaeger) is a Nomad who is missing a leg. He appears in season 5, when he and two other Nomads – Frankie, and GoGo – come to Charming when the Nomad chapter closes, and are voted into SAMCRO. Greg, Frankie, and GoGo are working for Clay and are behind the home invasion attacks. Clay kills Greg by shooting him in the head, when Greg and GoGo attempt to kill Unser, unaware that Clay is there and has double-crossed them.

Frankie Diamonds
Frankie 'Diamonds' (Chuck Zito), a New York Nomad who comes to Charming, appears in season 5 and is voted into the club when the Nomad charter closes. He, GoGo, and Greg the Peg work for Clay and are behind the attacks and break-ins. Frankie kidnaps Nero and requests $200,000 from the club from the "cartel money." Nero hands over $130,000 in cash and a couple of "nice watches" as payment, in an effort to get Frankie to leave. Frankie shoots Opie's wife Lyla, and takes Chibs as a hostage. He eventually leaves Charming with Mafia protection and is murdered by the same men he thought would protect him, before giving up Clay as the source of the home invasions.

Kyle Hobart
Kyle Hobart (Brian Van Holt) is excommunicated from the club after abandoning Opie during an arson job, leading to Opie's five-year incarceration. With Clay's blessing, he returns to Charming to see his teenage son, Charlie Hobart (William F. Nicol), and ends up trying to offer SAMCRO a business deal involving stolen goods to serve as repayment for his past mistake. Opie confronts Kyle and the two settle their beef, but Kyle has failed to perform the club mandate to remove his Sons of Anarchy back tattoo, so he is given a choice of removal methods ("fire or knife?"). Choosing fire, the tattoo is burned off Kyle's back with a cutting torch. He loses consciousness during the process, and it is unknown if Kyle is still alive after being left on the steps of St. Thomas Hospital, where his ex-wife, April Hobart (Liane Curtis), is waiting to aid him after being tipped off by Gemma that Kyle would likely need medical care.

Herman Kozik
Herman Kozik (Kenny Johnson) is a member of the Tacoma chapter of the Sons of Anarchy. He first appeared in the Season 2 episode "The Culling" where he provided extra muscle when the Charming clubhouse was on lockdown. He is a former US Marine and an ex-junkie. He appeared again in the Season 3 premiere at Half-Sack's wake, where he told Clay and Bobby that he wanted to come back to the Charming chapter. When Kozik showed up at SAMCRO with transfer papers, Tig vetoed the vote due to lack of trust. Kozik then decided to stick around to earn Tig's trust. He and Piney lured the Mayans' heroin shipment into SAMCRO's hands after flattening the van's tire. Later Kozik and Tig snuck into St. Thomas to silence the Calaveras member from the drive-by as part of SAMCRO's new deal with the Mayans. Kozik has a contentious relationship with Tig and in episode 3.8, Tig states that it involves a female from both of their pasts. When Tara Knowles and Margaret Murphy are taken hostage, Kozik proves to be useful. When Salazar demands that the club kill Marcus Alvarez, Kozik is the one who convinces Alvarez to play along to help buy time so SAMCRO can find a way to get the women back. Following Tara's rescue, Tig once again votes against Kozik's transfer. It is revealed that the "woman" from both of their pasts was a female dog named Missy. In season 4, Kozik is revealed to have been patched into SAMCRO after Tig went to Stockton Prison, a fact Tig happily accepts upon being released. He was killed in the episode "Call of Duty" by stepping on a landmine that exploded while fighting the cartel; his last words were "You gotta be shittin' me".

Eric Miles
Eric Miles a.k.a. "Miles" (Frank Potter) is SAMCRO's newest patched-in member. He is introduced in the episode "The Push" as a prospect. Miles assists the club with tasks such as cleaning the clubhouse, providing backup when they break into Salazar's house, and watching Gemma to make sure she doesn't leave the clubhouse when she is hiding from the law. Miles is murdered by Juice to cover up what really happened with the stolen cocaine from the warehouse.

John Teller
John Thomas 'J.T.' Teller (May 5, 1940 – November 13, 1993) (voiced by Nicholas Guest) founded the Sons of Anarchy with Piney Winston and was the club's first president. He was Gemma's first husband, and they had two children together, Jax and Thomas. Thomas "Tommy" Teller (January 8, 1984 – April 4, 1990), died from a congenital heart defect at six years of age. He also fathered an illegitimate daughter, Trinity, with Maureen Ashby during an extended sojourn in Belfast. As Jax reiterates to Opie in Season 2, episode 10 ("Balm"), J.T. died from injuries sustained from a vehicular accident while riding on I-580 in California. Gemma states in an earlier episode and is shown in a Charming Police Department report in Season 4, episode 2 ("Booster"): after J.T.'s Harley was "sideswiped" by a semi-trailer truck on November 11, 1993, at 13:54; J.T. was dragged 178 yards, taken to St. Thomas Hospital, and died two days later. His home address on the police report is 8824 Sandy Creek in Charming, California. Deputy Chief Wayne Unser signed the report. In season 4, episode 5 ("Brick"), Unser says Clay killed J.T. and had Unser cover it up; Clay responds he merely asked Unser to "lose a little paperwork". Unser retorts that J.T. had written that Clay would make two attempts on his life. In season 7, episode 8 ("Separation of Crows") Jury White says J.T. committed suicide out of guilt for letting SAMCRO become corrupt and deliberately crashed into the semi-trailer, an act of self-sacrifice to protect his club and family from his mistakes. Several times in season 7, SAMCRO members are seen touching the roadside memorial dedicated to J.T. (e.g., in episode 7 "Greensleeves" and episode 13 "Papa's Goods").

Rane Quinn
Rane Quinn (Rusty Coones) is the former president of the Nomad Charter. He appears in season 5 to help track down one of his former Nomad soldiers. He becomes a member of the Redwood Original charter.

Allesandro Montez
Allesandro 'Domingo' Montez (Jacob Vargas) is a member of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club's Reno, NV chapter and later a member of SAMCRO.

T.O. Cross
Taddarius Orwell 'T.O.' Cross (Michael Beach) is the former president of the Grim Bastards Motorcycle Club. He is voted in as full member of SAMCRO in the series finale, after Jax makes a pact with the other SOA clubs to abolish the unwritten bylaw prohibiting blacks as members, and the Grim Bastards are patched over.

Leonard Janowitz
Leonard 'Lenny the Pimp' Janowitz (Sonny Barger, a founding member of the Oakland, California chapter of Hells Angels Motorcycle Club). He appeared in episodes of the third, fourth and fifth seasons, and was convicted and jailed for murdering three ATF agents.
 He was also one of the first nine original members, the third person to join.

Otto Delaney

Otto 'Big Otto' Delaney (Kurt Sutter, creator of the series) was a member of the Sons of Anarchy's Charming chapter. He was imprisoned in Stockton state prison on charges of second-degree murder and vehicle theft, but is still in contact with the club. He is a powerful man on the inside and is the leader of the "Big House Crew", a gang of imprisoned Sons of Anarchy members. He takes Chucky Marstein under his protection, and arranges, when Chucky is released, to have SAMCRO protect him from Lin. In Season 2, Zobelle has the Aryan Brotherhood severely beat Otto, to "humble" Clay, and in the process the AB puts out Otto's one good eye, leaving him almost blind. Also that season, Otto is heartbroken when Luann is murdered. In Season 6, U.S. Marshal Lee Toric targets Otto, in retaliation for Otto's having killed Toric's sister, and has Otto repeatedly raped and beaten in prison. Clay smuggles Otto a shank, which Otto uses to kill Toric and then to threaten the guards, in order to commit "suicide by cop".

Filthy Phil

Phillip 'Filthy Phil' Russell (Christopher Douglas Reed) was one of three new prospects taken on after the death of Kip "Half Sack" Epps. Phil is responsible for guarding the first shipment of cocaine the club receives from the Galindo cartel along with Miles, new prospect Ratboy and Rafi from the Mayans Oakland Chapter. When some of the shipment is stolen, Phil and the other guards are the main suspects despite Juice being the true culprit. Prior to the fifth season, Phil was voted in to be an official member of SAMCRO. In season six, Phil is killed by the IRA.

SOA Indian Hills members

Jury White
'Jury' White (Michael Shamus Wiles) is the former president of the friendly Devil's Tribe Motorcycle Club in Indian Hills, Nevada, which SAMCRO patched over without prior warning in Season 1. Jury and John Teller ("J.T.") had served together in the same platoon in Vietnam and remained close friends afterwards. In season 7, SAMCRO called upon "Indian Hills", and in turn Jury recruited "local muscle", to help take down Lin's gun buy (which turned out to include an exchange of guns for heroin) in Selma, and kill Lin's men and customers. Jax, Chibs, and Bobby later killed the "local muscle", and framed them for the takedown in Selma. When Jax later learns one of the murdered "local muscle", Gib O'Leary, was Jury's son, Jax erroneously assumes Jury took revenge by ratting out SAMCRO to Lin. In season 7, episode 8 ("Separation of Crows"), Jury tells Jax that his father didn't die as rumored, in a motorcycle accident resulting from Clay's having sabotaged his bike (on which John died days after colliding with and being dragged by a semi truck). Rather, Jury said, J.T. deliberately "checked out" (committed suicide), as "That Panhead was an extension of John. He would have known if anything was wrong with it the second he kicked it over. [...] Maybe it was his sacrifice. A way of letting his club and family survive." Jax disagreed, saying: "My old man didn't kill himself." After exchanging further words, Jax knocked down Jury, who dropped his gun. When Jury reached for and grabbed it, Jax killed him with a single shot to the head. That action, witnessed by Jury's VP and  SAMCRO members, and Jax's confession to it, led to Jax's receiving a unanimous Mayhem vote in the series finale ("Papa's Goods").

Needles
'Needles' (Jay Thames) is vice president of the Devil's Tribe Motorcycle Club chapter. He follows Jury in patching over into a Sons of Anarchy chapter.

Hopper
Hopper (Steve Howey) is a Sons of Anarchy North Vegas charter member. He is approached by Bobby Munson to join SAMCRO and says he wants in, but changes his mind after being scared off by the bombing of the SAMCRO clubhouse.

Other Indian Hills Members

Sometime after the events of season one, Needles is no longer the VP of the Indian Hills charter and has been replaced by Gaines. Gaines is voted in as the charter's president after Jury is killed. Mickey is then voted in as Gaines' new VP.

SAMBEL members

Keith McGee

Keith McGee (Andy McPhee) was the president of the Sons of Anarchy Belfast chapter (SAMBEL) in Northern Ireland and a member of the First 9.

Liam O'Neill
Liam O'Neill (Arie Verveen) was the Sergeant-At-Arms of the Belfast charter of the Sons of Anarchy for 10 years and was in a relationship with Cherry.

Seamus Ryan
Seamus Ryan (Darin Heames) is the current president of SAMBEL. McGee was the original SAMBEL president and Ryan was the SAMBEL vice president during the betrayals and executions of McGee and Sergeant-at-Arms Liam O'Neill. After McGee and O'Neill are executed, Ryan is tapped as president.

Luther Barkwill
Luther Barkwill (Dominic Keating), is the current vice president of SAMBEL. He was the road captain for the SOA Sunderland, Tyne and Wear chapter and eventually for SAMBEL. Although hesitant at times, he is a quick reactor. An example includes him being hesitant to run the police off the road to prevent them from hauling off SAMCRO, but after Gemma jumped on the accelerator and ran them off the road, Luther jumped out and started firing rapidly.

Padraic Telford
Padraic Telford (Lorcan O'Toole), Chibs' nephew, was accidentally killed in an explosion triggered by Liam O'Neill in an attempt to take out SAMCRO.

Minor SAMBEL members
Following SAMCRO's arrival in Ireland, in an attempt to bring back Abel, several additional members of the Belfast chapter have appeared on the scene, including  'Geezer' (Jason McDonald), and 'Scrum' (Darren Keefe).

SAMTAZ members

Armando
Armando (Lobo Sebastian), president of the Sons of Anarchy Tucson chapter (SAMTAZ) in Tucson, Arizona, was beheaded by a cartel. The rest of his body was discovered in the back of a truck by the Sons of Anarchy and the Mayans, and his body was sent back to his club in Tucson, along with his head.

Benny
Benny (Rolando Molina), the Sergeant-at-Arms for the Tucson chapter, was kicked out with vice president Huff for blackmailing a fellow member, Reggie, and murdering another member in order to cover up a non-club-sanctioned meth cook shop.

Huff
Huff (Brian Goodman), the vice president of the Tucson chapter, was kicked out for blackmailing a fellow member,
Reggie, and murdering another member in order to cover up a non-club-sanctioned meth cook shop.

Reggie
Reggie (John Bishop), a member of the Sons of Anarchy Tucson chapter (SAMTAZ) in Tucson, Arizona, was caught by former vice president Huff sleeping with another member's wife. Huff used this information to blackmail Reggie in order to cover up a non-club-sanctioned meth cook shop and the murder of another member, who happened to be Reggie's sponsor.

Minor SAMTAZ members
Paul 'Little Paul', a SAMTAZ member, was murdered by Huff and Benny. Another yet-to-be-named member has also appeared, played by Burton Perez.

SAMDINO members
The Sons of Anarchy San Bernardino chapter (SAMDINO) is led by president Les Packer (Robert Patrick), while John Hensley portrayed Yates – the two actors having previously played father and son, David and Eric Scatino, in The Sopranos.

Tacoma chapter members
The Tacoma chapter's president is Lee (Lee "Hamco" Staskunas), while other, still unseen, members include 'Bowie', 'Donut',  and Lorca.

Additional chapters and members
The yet-to-be-named president of the Oregon chapter (Joe Rose) has made one appearance, as well as a yet-to-be-named nomad member (Eric "Mancow" Muller).

SAMCRO women

Lyla Winston
Lyla Dvorak-Winston (Winter Ave Zoli), a porn star employed by Luann Delaney, is introduced in season 1. She and Opie begin to grow close from the time they meet. A single parent like Opie, she helps him with his children and marries him in the first episode of Season 4. After Opie's death, she continues to raise his children and goes on to run Red Woody in season 7.

Fiona Larkin
Fiona Larkin (Bellina Logan) is Chibs' estranged wife, introduced in season 2. Fiona first appears at Chibs' bedside when he is hospitalized after nearly being killed by a car bomb. They have a daughter together, and Fiona still loves Chibs, but was taken as Jimmy O's prize after Jimmy banished Chibs from Ireland.

Precious Ryan
Precious Ryan (Eileen Grubba) is Bobby's ex-wife and mother of his son.

Rita 'Cherry' Zambell
Rita 'Cherry' Zambell (Taryn Manning) is a "sweetbutt" (pass around club groupie) from Indian Hills, Nevada, whose real name is Rita Zambell. After leaving her abusive husband and burning down their condo, she aligns herself with the Devil's Tribe. She bonds with Kip "Half-Sack" Epps and eventually becomes his old lady, but SAMCRO sends her to Canada, then Ireland, to escape arrest for arson. She becomes Liam's lover in Ireland.

Mary Winston
Mary Winston (Julie Ariola) is Piney Winston's ex-wife and Opie's mother. She moved away from Charming, leaving Opie with Piney and then filed for divorce. However, she returns to temporarily look after her grandchildren when Opie is arrested. She consoles the distraught Opie after Donna's murder.

Luann Delaney
Luann Delaney (Dendrie Taylor) is Gemma's best friend and runs a pornography studio, CaraCara, having received financial backing from Big Otto, her husband. She reluctantly partners with SAMCRO for protection, after her rival Georgie Caruso makes escalating attacks on her business. She begins a sexual relationship with Bobby Munson to buy his silence, after he discovers she has been skimming money from the CaraCara partnership. Ultimately, Georgie has her killed, which devastates Otto.

Donna Winston
Donna Lerner-Winston (Sprague Grayden) is Opie's first wife and the mother of his two children. She doesn't trust SAMCRO after Opie serves extensive jail time for the club. She is mistakenly murdered by Tig in the Season 1 finale.

SAMCRO children

Kerrianne Telford
Kerrianne Larkin-Telford (Q'orianka Kilcher) is the teenage daughter of Chibs Telford and Fiona Larkin, raised by Fiona and Jimmy O'Phelan.

Abel Teller
Abel Teller (Ryder and Evan Londo) is the son of Jax Teller and Wendy Case. Abel was hospitalized as a newborn due to his premature birth and his mother's drug usage. He was kidnapped by Cameron Hayes in the season 2 finale episode Na Triobloidi, then was put into an adoption of where he was adopted by a catholic Irish family. Jax gets Abel back from the family after they were murdered.

Thomas Teller
Thomas 'Tommy' Teller (multiple actors) is the son of Jax Teller and Tara Knowles. The younger half-brother of Abel Teller, Thomas is named after Jax's brother and Gemma's second son who died as a child.

Dawn & Fawn Trager
Dawn 'Margeoux' Trager (Rachel Miner) and Fawn Trager (Lexi Sakowitz) are the daughters of Alex "Tig" Trager and his ex-wife Colleen. Dawn first appears in the episode "With An X." Dawn is burned to death in the season 5 episode Authority Vested in front of Tig by Damon Pope as retaliation for Tig killing his daughter.

Ellie & Kenny Winston
Ellie and Kenny Winston (Lela Jane Cortines and John Abendroth) are the daughter and son of Opie and Donna Winston.

Law enforcement

Agent Estevez
Agent Estevez (Marcos de la Cruz) is an agent of the Department of Justice, working under Agent Stahl to bring SAMCRO down.

Deputy David Hale

Deputy David Hale (Taylor Sheridan) is the deputy chief of the Charming Police Department. Chief Unser nicknames him "Captain America" for his black-and-white views and squeaky clean image (prior to his involvement with L.O.A.N. and sexual encounter with an ATF agent), adherence to the law and, possibly, because of his square-jawed all-American looks. Hale is murdered at Half-Sack's wake while trying to stop the van of shooters.

Lieutenant Althea Jarry
Lieutenant Althea Jarry (Annabeth Gish) is the Lieutenant of the San Joaquin Sheriff Department, who is sent to replace the late Eli Roosevelt after his murder. Unser becomes her consultant and helps out in Tara's murder case. Jarry is also shown to have an attraction to SAMCRO member Chibs Telford, which is mutual as they are shown kissing and even sleeping together. She accepts bribe money from the club as a means to earn their trust and establish a working relationship.

Agent Josh Kohn
Agent Joshua 'Josh' Kohn (Jay Karnes) is a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives agent pretending to investigate SAMCRO. He and Dr. Tara Knowles dated in Chicago until he became threatening and she obtained a restraining order against him. He later stalks Tara in Charming becoming increasingly violent and unhinged. This culminates in him trying to rape Tara, who shoots him in the gut. Tara calls Jax because she doesn't know what to do with the bleeding out Kohn, and when he insults Tara, Jax kills him. The Santa Rosa Press Democrat called the character "terrifically creepy."

Agent Grad Nicholas
Agent Grad Nicholas (David Rees Snell) is an FBI agent assigned to investigate the SAMCRO's arms trafficking business. He works closely with Assistant U.S. Attorney Lincoln Potter, often by his side during various points in the investigation. The character's name is a reference to FX network executive Nicholas Grad.

DA Tyne Patterson
District Attorney Tyne Patterson (C. C. H. Pounder) is the San Joaquin County District Attorney from Stockton assigned to aggressively address the violence plaguing Charming, specifically from a school shooting resulting in the deaths of four children using a gun acquired from the Sons of Anarchy motorcycle club. To do so, she works with former U.S. Marshal Lee Toric to investigate the Sons.

US Attorney Lincoln Potter
Lincoln 'Linc' Potter (Ray McKinnon), who in Season 4, episode 2 says he is a Modesto, California native, an eccentric, manipulative assistant U.S. attorney operating out of Charming in season 4 and the head of a joint agency task force targeting the Sons of Anarchy's arms trafficking business under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, as well as the Real IRA and the Galindo cartel. He rides a motorcycle, dresses like a biker, and somewhat resembles John Teller, which causes Gemma to ask Lincoln if she knows him. Lincoln disapproves of Hale's conflict of interest as both a real estate developer and local government representative, and in the Season 4 finale produces evidence at the Charming city council meeting about Hale's investor that kiboshes Hale's proposed luxury real estate project.

Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt
Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt (Rockmond Dunbar) is a member of the San Joaquin County Sheriff's Department and the head of Charming's law enforcement following the dissolution of the Charming Police Department. Prior to his assignment in Charming, he spent 15 years in Oakland working as part of an anti-gang task force. In the Season 6 finale, Eli finds Tara's corpse and, while he's chastising Gemma, Juice shoots him dead to protect Gemma. In Season 4, episode 2 Eli's wife is shown to have fertility problems, and in later episodes that season she helps Gemma, who visits her flower shop for assistance with wilting plants, successfully solicits a $5,000 "Gold Circle Club" donation from Gemma (donated in Tara's name), and receives a $75,000 joint donation from Clay and Oswalt, to save the community garden where Gemma's father taught Gemma to plant seeds. Later in the series Eli's wife is murdered by men Clay hired to scare the town.

Agent Smith
Agent Smith (Derwin Jordan) is Agent Stahl's ATF partner during the first season.

Agent June Stahl
Agent June Stahl (Ally Walker) is an ATF agent investigating the club's involvement in arms trafficking after Deputy Chief Hale calls in the ATF in retaliation when Chief Unser does not retire as previously expected. Stahl is responsible for the death of Donna Winston, Opie's wife, when she frames him as a rat to Clay. Later Stahl attempts to frame Chibs. Stahl and Jax make an agreement to get Gemma out of her charges, (that happened when Stahl framed her murder) and for a lighter sentence for the members of SAMCRO. Stahl is killed at the end of season 3, by Opie who tells her, "put your hands on the wheel. This is what she felt", referring to the moment his wife (who Tig thought was Opie) was mistakenly gunned down and shot in the back of the head, all because of her lies in framing Opie as a rat to Clay.

Sheriff Vic Trammel
Sheriff Victor 'Vic' Trammel (Glenn Plummer) was the local sheriff, and an ally of SAMCRO. A close friend of his is murdered by survivalists using guns provided by the Sons, prompting Vic to seriously question his ties to the club.

Agent Amy Tyler
Amy Tyler (Pamela J. Gray) is an ATF agent who is both June Stahl's professional and personal partner during the third season.

Lee Toric
Lee Toric (Donal Logue) is a former U.S. Marshal forced into retirement for a variety of reasons, including excessive use of force and racial profiling. It is also mentioned that Toric served in the U.S. Army Special Forces prior to his Marshal service. His only family is his sister Pamela Toric, who works as a nurse at Stockton prison's infirmary. When she is killed by former SAMCRO member Otto Delaney to end the RICO case facing the club, Toric vows revenge. Toric has Otto repeatedly beaten up and raped in prison, hoping to force him into confessing against SAMCRO (as well as satisfying his vengeance for Pamela) and even takes Clay to see the injured Otto in the prison infirmary, though Clay slips Otto a shiv. Believing his tactics are working and he has convinced Otto to bring down SAMCRO, he instead finds a vulgar message about Pamela written on the notepad, prompting him to attack Otto. Otto stabs him multiple times with the shiv and finally slits his throat as the prison guards arrive.

Charles Barosky
Charles 'Charlie' Barosky (Peter Weller) is a corrupt former police officer who still has ties with the local police agency and controls rackets in Stockton. He makes numerous deals with people to provide police protection for money. His main operation center is a bakery he owns in Stockton.

Real IRA members and associates

Father Kellan Ashby
Father Kellan Ashby (James Cosmo) is the consigliere of the Real IRA in Belfast.

Maureen Ashby
Maureen Ashby (Paula Malcomson) is the widow of Keith McGee. She has ties to the SOA through her late husband and ties to the Real IRA through her older brother, Father Kellan Ashby.

Trinity Ashby
Trinity Ashby (Zoe Boyle) is Maureen Ashby's adult daughter and McGee's stepdaughter. Her mother Maureen was 18 when she gave birth to Trinity, who is unaware that John Teller, the founder of the Sons of Anarchy, was her real father, and therefore, Jackson (Jax) Teller her half-brother, And Thomas Teller would be her half brother too.

She is also the aunt of Thomas and Abel.

Brogan, Dooley & Roarke
Declan Brogan (Bart McCarthy), Peter Dooley (Paul Collins) and Brendan Roarke (Bob McCracken) are the council of the Real IRA in Belfast. First seen thanking SAMCRO for proving Jimmy O. to have gone rogue, they later propose developing the relationship between the Sons and True IRA even further.

Sean & Michael Casey
Brothers Sean and Michael Casey (Dan Hildebrand and Glenn Keogh) are members of the Real IRA in Belfast, and very close to Father Ashby. Maureen Ashby describes them as "being like sons to him." Following Father Ashby's order, they kill Cameron Hayes and dispose of his body. Michael is slain by Jimmy O., who attacks Maureen Ashby's home when the SOA are on a protection run in the episode "Turas".

Donny
Donny (Joel Tobeck) is Jimmy's right-hand man in Belfast. He is a man of reason that tries to keep Jimmy's wild tendencies under control. He successfully tortures Sean Casey for information about Abel Teller.

Cameron Hayes
Cameron Hayes (Jamie McShane) is McKeavey's cousin and a member of the Real IRA. He becomes SAMCRO's new contact and gun runner after McKeavey's death. Cameron gives back the $200,000 SAMCRO paid for a gun shipment in addition to a month of free guns, as payment for killing Oakland Port Authority Commissioner Brenan Hefner.

Edmond Hayes
Edmond Hayes (Callard Harris) is Cameron Hayes' son and business partner. He is from South Armagh. Throughout Season 2, he has as much clout in the business as his father, often making deals and judgment calls on his own. Edmond becomes a rat and is later killed by Agent June Stahl when he starts to run, after punching her in abdomen when she says his father, "da raised an Irish pussy". Edmond's death is framed on Gemma, by Agent Stahl, after she follows Polly inside, and kills her in self-defense, just after Stahl kills Edmond.

Michael McKeavey
Michael McKeavey (Kevin Chapman) is a powerful member of the True IRA who serves as SAMCRO's contact and helps sell illegal weapons through the Sons of Anarchy. His date of birth was April 1, 1966. McKeavey is an old friend to SAMCRO members, including Clay and Piney.

Luke Moran
Luke Moran (Kevin P. Kearns) is Jimmy O.'s second in command in the U.S., and he is glad to follow his boss' every order. When Jax finds out that Jimmy has been lying to him about Abel's whereabouts, he kidnaps Luke and delivers him to Agent June Stahl as part of his deal with her.

James O'Phelan

James 'Jimmy O' O'Phelan (Titus Welliver) is the leader of the Real IRA group who sells guns to SAMCRO. Jimmy O. makes his first appearance in season 2 to personally rectify the Hayes' betrayal of SAMCRO, since the Real IRA has long been dependent on the Sons Of Anarchy's Belfast chapter. Jimmy is generally regarded as Chibs Telford's archenemy. When the real IRA have proof of him going behind their backs, he takes Jax's son, Abel, to exchange for a safe passage back to the US. After a long hunt and search, SAMCRO finds out the Russians are hiding him. SAMCRO makes a deal to hand Jimmy over to them. When Agent Stahl gets custody of Jimmy from SAMCRO, Chief Unser pulls them over with a ruse about Jimmy's members waiting ahead in a road block for them. With Stahl's other agents gone, Chibs and a few other members of SAMCRO show up by bus. Chibs pulls Jimmy O. out of the car and slices his mouth, (in the same manner as Jimmy did him years before) and then stabs him to death.

Galen O'Shay
Galen O'Shay (Timothy V. Murphy) is a high-ranking member of the Real IRA, directly involved in SAMCRO's affairs with the Galindo Cartel. He views Jax as impulsive and reckless following an incident stateside and holds him responsible for the death of Father Kellan Ashby. Cutthroat, stubborn, and ruthless, Galen has no remorse for killing anybody who gets in the way of his business arrangements; for example, he has two members of SAMCRO killed to simply send a message after Jax announces his intention to move away from the gun business. Upon breaking Clay out of prison, Galen is shot dead by Jax.

Rival MC members

Esai Alvarez
Esai Alvarez (Kevin Alejandro) is a member of the Mayans Motorcycle Club and the son of Marcus Alvarez. Marcus selects his son to perform hits on both the Nords' leader Ernest Darby and SAMCRO leader Clay Morrow, but Esai and his men botch both hits. Esai was killed by Happy (with his father's approval) shortly afterwards, in a deal to achieve peace with the Nords and SAMCRO.

Lander Jackson
Lander Jackson (Marcello Thedford) is the vice president of the Grim Bastards Motorcycle Club. He and T.O. had been childhood friends, since age four. He is brutally killed by Edgar, the Sergeant-at-Arms of the rival Calaveras Motorcycle Club; T.O. later kills Edgar in revenge.

Roscoe
Roscoe (Joseph Julian Soria) is a member of the Calaveras Motorcycle Club Lodi chapter. He is appointed the new president by Marcus Álvarez, following the removal of Hector Salazar.

Hector Salazar
Hector Salazar (Jose Pablo Cantillo) is the former president of the Lodi chapter of the Calaveras Motorcycle Club, a low-ranking club that does dirty work for the Mayans. The Calaveras perform the drive-by at Half-Sack's wake. He kidnaps Tara and Margaret Murphy and holds them hostage in his aunt's house. This eventually leads to his death by Jax Teller.

Gang members

Jimmy Cacuzza
James 'Jimmy' Cacuzza (Jeff Wincott) is the boss of a  Mafia family and a friend of Clay's. He and his crew buy weapons from SAMCRO. When the Mayans and Nords blow up SAMCRO's warehouse, delaying SAMCRO's delivery of one of the weapons shipments, SAMCRO hijacks one of Unser's trucks and gives the contents to the Mafia, taking only a 10% return, as a goodwill gesture.

Ernest Darby
Ernest Darby (Mitch Pileggi) is the head of the Nordics (also known as "Nords"), a white supremacist gang mainly involved in meth trafficking. Darby colludes, at various points, with Alvarez, L.O.A.N., and Hale to discredit and eliminate SAMCRO, to bring drugs into Charming, and to burn down CaraCara. He also, initially, accepts money from Hale to persuade Lumpy to sell his boxing club but refuses to use violence and returns the money.

Henry Lin
Henry Lin (Kenneth Choi) was the Chinese-American leader of an Oakland-based Triad. His gang is after a man named Chuck Marstein, who was a bookkeeper for their illegal businesses but eventually stole from them. In season 7, he was killed by Juice.

Nate Meineke
Nate Meineke (Tim De Zarn) is the leader of a local state militia and terrorist group. He served in Vietnam alongside Piney Winston. He and his son, Russell Meineke (James Harvey Ward), buy weapons from SAMCRO and use them to ambush a prison convoy to free one of their members. They plan to go into hiding in Mexico. However, the Sons of Anarchy kill them by bombing their hideout bunker, as they had brought heat onto SAMCRO with the shootings.

Romero Parada
Romero 'Romeo' Parada (Danny Trejo) is a high-ranking member of the Galindo drug cartel, who has connections to Marcus Alvarez and the Mayans. He is a former Mexican commando that was enlisted by José Galindo to head up the cartel's strategic enforcement unit. At the end of season 4 it is revealed that he and his lieutenant Luis Torres are NCS members working with the CIA to take down rival drug cartels and thus control the Mexican drug trade and stabilize Mexico. Parada and the CIA shut down the RICO case against SAMCRO at the end of season 4 and force Jax to take over leadership of SAMCRO and keep Clay alive to continue the gunrunning operation.

Damon Pope
Damon Pope (Harold Perrineau) is first mentioned in season 4's finale as the most dangerous gangster in Oakland. A powerful businessman, Damon Pope is also a bloodthirsty, ruthless, and calculating individual who wields influence over many black gangs. He does not hesitate to use extreme violence to demonstrate his power or to make things go his way. After Tig inadvertently kills Pope's daughter by hitting her with a car aimed at Laroy, Pope orders his henchmen to burn one of Tig's daughters alive in front of her father. Later, Pope forces SAMCRO to work for him; however, Jax eventually outsmarts him and tricks Pope to meet in a remote area by promising to give up Tig, whom at Jax's request, Pope agreed to delay killing. After killing Pope's guards who did not expect an attack, Jax gives a gun to Tig, who shoots Pope in the head.

August Marks
August Marks (Billy Brown), introduced in season 5, is Damon Pope's right-hand man. Like Pope, Marks projects a courteous and friendly front, but is also extremely ruthless. He states he has been working for Pope since he was 17. He also tells Jax what separates him from Pope is that "Damon made his name on the streets by being the smartest. I (August) made mine by being the deadliest." In the series finale, Jax shoots him dead in revenge for Bobby's murder.

Viktor Putlova
Viktor Putlova (Keith Szarabajka) the head of the  Russian Mafia in Northern California and Oregon. An old acquaintance of Jimmy O.'s, Putlova is hired by Jimmy to help him escape the Real IRA and SAMCRO. However, Putlova betrays Jimmy and makes a deal with SAMCRO to hand over Jimmy in exchange for $2 million.

Luis Torres
Luis Torres (Benito Martinez) is Romeo Parada's chief lieutenant in the Jose Galindo drug cartel. He is often at Romeo's side. He is a former lieutenant first class in the Mexican Special Forces Airmobile Group and Intelligence. He has a master's degree in logistics from Universidad Veracruzana. Parada was his commanding officer and Torres left Special Forces two weeks after Parada left. Torres' last known tour of duty was fighting the Galindo Cartel. Like Parada, Torres was recruited into NCS working with the CIA to fight rival drug cartels and thus control the Mexican drug trade and stabilize Mexico.

Ron Tully
Ron Tully (Marilyn Manson) is the leader of the Aryan Brotherhood in the Stockton, California area. He is currently incarcerated in Stockton State prison, where he has great influence as many guards are on his payroll. He becomes an ally to Jax and SAMCRO in season 7, after Jax viciously beats an AB rat and brings Tully two of the rat's teeth. Tully develops a sexual interest in Juice, who gets himself arrested purposely so he can kill Lin, after which Tully is charged by SAMCRO to assassinate Juice.

Ule
Ule (Jason Matthew Smith) is a member of the League of American Nationals (L.O.A.N.). He has an antagonistic and distrustful relationship with A.J. Weston, and believes that, as Zobelle's right-hand man, Weston's ardent white supremacist beliefs are not allowing L.O.A.N. to broaden their horizons. Gradually, Ule takes Weston's place in L.O.A.N.'s covert activities with the Mayans. When A.J. Weston finds out about the drug trade with the Mayans, he kills the female heroin cookers and executes Ule.

Laroy Wayne
Laroy Wayne (Tory Kittles) is SAMCRO's contact in the One-Niners street gang and the gang's leader. Laroy buys weapons from SAMCRO and is often in the company of a man with a burned face called Gill (E.R. Ruiz), possibly his second in command. The fictional One-Niners gang also appears in The Shield. Laroy ends up dead when his body ends up in Damon Pope's fire pit that Tig is made to watch go up in flames, as it also contains his daughter, Dawn, as retaliation for the death of Pope's daughter.

A.J. Weston
A.J. Weston (Henry Rollins) is the muscle, or street leader, of the League of American Nationalists (also known as "L.O.A.N."), a white separatist gang trying to gain control in Charming and force SAMCRO out. A lieutenant and right-hand man of Ethan Zobelle, A.J is an extremely violent ex-convict and ardent white supremacist, albeit also being a loving single father of two young sons, Cliff and Duke. Zobelle and Weston threaten SAMCRO' 's President, Clay Morrow, but when he proves impossible to intimidate, Weston and two other Aryans wearing rubber masks kidnap his wife, Gemma Teller Morrow. They chain her to a fence, beat her, and gang rape her. Weston is eventually killed when SAMCRO ambushes him the bathroom of a tattoo parlor. Weston's son Cliff is present, but Weston convinces Jax teller to allow the child to leave before Jax shoots Weston six times with a silenced pistol, killing him.

IGN gave the second season an 8.4/10 rating, giving praise to Henry Rollins' character, AJ Weston, saying, "A decidedly stronger second season sees the gang unravel and knit back together." His death was voted #2 on IGN's list of Sons of Anarchys Best Deaths ahead of the airing of the show's third season.

 Ethan Zobelle Ethan Zobelle (Adam Arkin) is the head of the League of American Nationalists ("L.O.A.N."), a white separatist gang who desires to gain a foothold in Charming and force SAMCRO out. Zobelle moved into Charming and presented himself to the townspeople and local law enforcement as the owner of the newly opened Impeccable Smokes cigar shop on the town's Main Street. Zobelle presented himself to Deputy Chief David Hale as being a means to get SAMCRO out of Charming. After Zobelle makes several unsuccessful attempts to remove SAMCRO from Charming, SAMCRO bikers convince Zobelle's right-hand man A.J. Weston that Zobelle was working behind the brotherhood's back by dealing in the gun and heroin trades with the Mayans. It is eventually revealed Zobelle is an F.B.I. informant, and he and his daughter Polly attempt to flee to Budapest. Polly is killed, but Zobelle escapes, and is last seen booking a flight out of a small private airport.

 Polly Zobelle Polly Zobelle (Sarah Jones) is the scheming daughter and accomplice of Ethan Zobelle. She is the one who initially tricks and subdues Gemma prior to her rape. She also rigs the car bomb which nearly kills Chibs. Deputy Hale extorts her to get information about her father's whereabouts, but she feeds him partially false information, which has extreme repercussions for SAMCRO. She is shot dead by Gemma in retaliation for having her raped.

SAMCRO's lawyers (Robin Weigert) is a colleague of Rosen's and SAMCRO's new legal counsel as of Season 3. (Tom Everett Scott) is the club's lawyer, who Clay says bills $1,200 an hour. His connection to the club may be at least somewhat personal as well as professional.

Miscellaneous (Stephen King) is an independent biker and the "cleaner" Tig hires to dispose of the body of Nate's slain caretaker, Amelia Dominguez. The name "Bachman" is a reference to Stephen King's pen name Richard Bachman. (Tom Arnold) is a rival of Luann Delaney in the pornography business. (Monique Gabriela Curnen) is Nate Madock's caretaker. Amelia is an illegal immigrant from Guatemala, with no family in the United States. (David Hasselhoff) is a former pornstar-turned-director, whom Lyla works for after working for Luann Delaney. Luann was his mentor. (Michael Fairman) is a local boxing club owner, a Holocaust survivor, and a close friend of SAMCRO's. (James Carraway) is the town barber in Charming, and his shop is a neutral meeting place for law enforcement and SAMCRO members. (Jeff Kober) is a businessman and local politician, and the older brother of Deputy Chief David Hale. (Keir O'Donnell) is a second-generation mechanic at Teller-Morrow Automotive Repair and a drug addict. (Lyle Kanouse) is the Oakland Port Commissioner. (Randolph Mantooth), the chief of the Wahewa Native American tribe, which manufactures ammunition for the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club. He officiated at Lyla and Opie's wedding, which was held on the reservation. (Hal Holbrook) is Gemma's elderly father and a former church pastor. He taught Gemma how to plant seeds at Charming's community garden, which inspires Gemma to contribute $5,000 (in Tara's name) to Lt. Eli's wife's fundraiser to save the garden from being destroyed by Hale's real estate project. Nate has dementia, and Gemma helps him move into the nursing home his wife Rose had selected before she died from cancer. The house he and Rose owned, and the nursing home he is moved to are both near Rogue River, Oregon. (Michael Marisi Ornstein), a prison friend of Otto's who suffers from chronic masturbation early in the series, was a bookkeeper and counterfeiter for a Triad gang, and later the bookkeeper for CaraCara. He becomes a "Guy Friday" for Gemma and the club. (Ashley Monique Clark), the 17-year-old neighbor of Brenan Hefner's mistress, witnesses Brenan's murder. (Michael Chiklis) is a truck driver from Northern California who befriends Gemma in season 7. (McNally Sagal; Katey's sister in law) is an administrator at St. Thomas Hospital; she disapproves of Tara's relationship with Jax and the Sons of Anarchy, but later proves to be a great support to Tara. (Cleo King) becomes Abel's babysitter during Season 2. Following Abel's kidnapping, she has not reappeared on the show. (Patrick St. Esprit) is a prominent businessman and ranch owner in Charming. He claims his family has been in Charming longer than SAMCRO and that he has trouble getting along with SAMCRO, although he seeks out Clay's help when Oswald's daughter disappears at a carnival and is later found to have been raped by a carny. From that point on, Oswald becomes a go-to person for the club, and in turn, the club helps him avoid being taken advantage of by Hale and Zobelle's "eminent domain" scam. (Bob Rusch), is a gravedigger and cremator for Dubrowski's Funeral Home. He assists SAMCRO by providing cadavers and body parts. (Kristen Renton), introduced in season 2, is a porn star employed by Luann Delaney.' (Walton Goggins), is a transgender prostitute born Vincent Noone. Venus and the club help each other on several occasions and she becomes romantically involved with Tig. She has a son from before her transition that believes she is his aunt instead of his parent. She enlists the club's help to save her son from her mother because her mother is creating child pornography involving him.

References

External links

Sons of Anarchy
Sons of Anarchy


Melengestrol (INN, BAN) is a steroidal progestin of the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone group and an antineoplastic drug which was never marketed. An acylated derivative, melengestrol acetate, is used as a growth promoter in animals.

While melengestrol is sometimes used as a synonym for melengestrol acetate, what is usually being referred to is melengestrol acetate and not melengestrol.

Synthesis
6-Methyl-16-dehydropregnenolone acetate (5) is the key intermediate to the preparation of both melengesterol acetate and medrogestone. Petrov and his collaborators have devised several interesting schemes that go back to diosgenin as the starting point. These schemes perform the necessary modifications in rings A and B with the sapogenin side chain still in place. In essence this approach employs this side chain as a protecting group for the future 16-dehydro-20-ketone function. In one of these routes, diosgenin is first converted to the 3-toluenesulfonate (1). Solvolysis of this homoallylic alcohol derivative affords the 3,5-cyclosteroid (2), via the cyclopropyl carbinyl ion (carbenium ion) (not shown). (This general reaction was probably first found in the steroids and bore the name of "i-steroid rearrangement.") Oxidation of the product by means of PCC affords the ketone. Reaction of this with methylmagnesium iodide affords two isomeric carbinols with the α-isomer predominating (3). Solvolysis in the presence of a nucleophile such as acetic acid reverses the cyclopropylcarbinyl transformation to afford homoallylic acetate. Removal of the sapogenin side chain leads to the desired product (5).

Substitution at the 16 position was found to lead to further potentiation of progestational activity. Reaction with diazomethane at the conjugated double bond at 16 gives first the pyrazole (6). This heterocycle affords the 16 methyl enone on pyrolysis (7). Selective epoxidation of the conjugated double bond to the 16,17α-epoxide over that at 5,6 is achieved by oxidation with basic hydrogen peroxide (8). Opening of this tetrasubstituted oxirane ring in acid proceeds with loss of a proton from the β position (16 methyl) (9) to afford the desired 16-methylene-17α-hydroxy-20-ketone functionality in the D ring (10). The product is saponified and then the subject of an Oppenauer oxidation, which is then dehydrogenated to the 4,6-diene with chloranil (11). Acetylation under forcing conditions completes the synthesis of melengesterol acetate.

See also
 Melengestrol acetate

References

Acetate esters
Antineoplastic drugs
Pregnanes
Progestogens
Vinylidene compounds


Concord is a historic home located in District Heights, Prince George's County, Maryland. It is a 1790s -story Flemish bond brick house with a five-bay south facade, and a later two-part wing which stretches to the west. The home was built for Zachariah Berry, Sr. (1749-1845), a prosperous planter who had large landholdings in Maryland, the District of Columbia, and Kentucky. A great deal of the home's features are Greek Revival-influenced, dating from an 1860s renovation. A family cemetery and a number of 20th century outbuildings are located on the property.

Concord was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

References

External links
, including photo in 1974, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
Houses completed in 1797
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Federal architecture in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland


The Last Olympian is a fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology by Rick Riordan, published on May 5, 2009. It is the fifth novel of the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series and serves as the direct sequel to The Battle of the Labyrinth. The Last Olympian revolves around the demigod Percy Jackson as he leads his friends in a last stand to protect Mount Olympus.

Upon release, the book received highly positive reviews from various critics. It was also the #1 USA Today bestseller, the #1 Wall Street Journal bestseller, and #1 Los Angeles Times bestseller.

Plot
While Percy Jackson is on a drive with Rachel Dare, he is approached by Charles Beckendorf, and the two head off to attack Luke's ship, The Princess Andromeda. Kronos, hosted in the mortal body of Luke, is not caught off guard because of a spy at Camp Half-Blood, and Beckendorf is killed in an explosion. Percy awakens later in his father Poseidon's underwater palace, which is under siege by the Titan Oceanus. Percy wants to help fight, but Poseidon sends Percy back to Camp Half-Blood to hear the "Great Prophecy". Once there, Percy informs the camp of the spy and learns that the Olympians are fighting Typhon. The following night, Percy leaves with Nico di Angelo, son of Hades, following a lead on how to defeat Kronos. After visiting Luke's mother in Westport, Connecticut, and talking with Hestia, Percy procures a blessing from his mother. He then descends into the Underworld to bathe in the River Styx and take on the curse of Achilles. Despite being betrayed by Nico in exchange for information on the boy's mother, Percy is successful and uses his new invulnerability to defeat a small army of Hades's minions.

Percy emerges from the Underworld in New York City, leaving Nico behind to convince his father to join the fight against Kronos. Percy calls the campers to help defend Olympus, as the gods refuse to end their struggle with Typhon. Just before the battle begins, New York City is affected by a powerful sleeping spell from Morpheus, Hecate, and Kronos himself. Despite being joined by Thalia's Hunters of Artemis, the Party Ponies, and a few other allies, the Olympian army struggles to hold back repeated assaults by the Titan army. Camp Half-Blood suffers 16 losses, out of an original 40 campers. Annabeth herself is badly injured when she saves Percy from an attack by Ethan Nakamura that would have hit Percy in his Achilles' point. Even after these setbacks, Percy refuses a chance to surrender offered by Prometheus, and entrusts the Titan's gift of Pandora's pithos to Hestia. The campers successfully defeat Hyperion, further enraging Kronos. Rachel Dare, who has been experiencing inexplicable moments of prophecy, arrives to warn Percy of a drakon that can only be killed by a child of Ares. The campers do poorly against the drakon until Silena Beauregard arrives disguised as Ares's head counselor Clarisse and breaks the cabin's boycott of the war, getting badly injured in the process. The real Clarisse arrives in a fury and kills the drakon by herself. As Silena lies dying, the campers learn that she was the camp's spy, but chose to right her wrongs after her boyfriend Beckendorf's death.

Percy contacts his father and asks Poseidon to join the fight against Typhon; he reluctantly agrees. Driven back to the blocks surrounding the Empire State Building, Percy and his friends make their last stand to protect Mount Olympus. Even when Hades arrives with Nico and an army, Kronos still manages to enter Olympus. Percy attacks Kronos, without either side gaining a significant advantage. In an Iris message-vision, the combatants are able to see Typhon approaching New York, only to be defeated with the aid of Poseidon and his cyclopes. Ethan Nakamura rebels against Kronos but is killed. When Kronos attacks Annabeth, Luke is able to regain control of his body and, with Percy's help, he injures himself at his mortal point and apparently kills Kronos. As he dies, Luke tells Percy that Ethan had the right idea; the war was caused by the resentment of unrecognized gods and unclaimed children. He dies peacefully, and the Fates carry his body away.

The gods grant rewards to several heroes who were instrumental in defeating the Titans, including Thalia, Grover, Annabeth, Tyson, Clarisse, and Nico. Finally, Percy is called forward. Zeus offers him the greatest gift of all time: immortal godhood. Much to the Olympians' shock, Percy instead asks the gods to swear on the River Styx that they will claim all demigods by the time they turn thirteen, have cabins built for the children of all minor gods and Hades, and give amnesty to innocent Titans and their former allies such as Calypso. Percy also relieves Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades of their oath to not have demigod children. Privately, Hermes reveals to Percy that Kronos is not dead, but is instead hopefully spread so thin that he can never form a consciousness again, let alone a body, as the Titans cannot die any more than the gods can. After the meeting, Percy discovers that Rachel plans to become the new Oracle, and he rushes to camp with Annabeth and Nico. With Apollo's supervision, Rachel safely becomes the new Oracle and speaks the next Great Prophecy. Annabeth celebrates Percy's birthday and the two begin dating. The gods keep to their new promises, and Camp Half-Blood slowly returns to normal. The fallen demigods are honored with the end-of-summer's bead.

Reception
The New York Times called the novel "both exciting and entertaining."  While the review notes that the pace sometimes bordered on "frantic," distracting from weaker plot points, the book as a whole remains "clever" and "enjoyably hair-raising."  The non-profit Common Sense Media warned parents that this final book in the series contains more violence than the previous entries, but praised the book overall, giving it five out of five stars.<ref name="The Last Olympian: Percy Jackson and the Olympians, Book 5" Kirkus Reviews reviewed the book positively, observing that "Riordan masterfully orchestrates the huge cast of characters and manages a coherent, powerful tale at once exciting, philosophical and tear-jerking."

Main characters

 Percy Jackson – The protagonist and narrator of Percy Jackson & the Olympians. He is aged fifteen in The Last Olympian, the son of Poseidon. Like Luke and Achilles he bathes in the River Styx and becomes invincible. He begins a romantic relationship with Annabeth Chase on his sixteenth birthday near the end of the book and even scores an underwater kiss.
 Luke Castellan – A 23-year-old demigod son of Hermes who willingly gave his body to Kronos out of hatred for the Olympian gods. Although he is an antagonist throughout the series, he sacrifices himself in order to destroy Kronos at the end of the book and is, in a way, the actual hero of the Great Prophecy.
 Kronos – The former king of the Titans, bent on restoring his rule and taking revenge on the gods who deposed him. After Luke sacrifices himself to defeat Kronos, Hermes states that although Titans cannot die, any more than the gods can, Kronos' essence is hopefully spread so thin that he can never form a consciousness again let alone a body.
 Annabeth Chase – Daughter of Athena, Percy's love interest and eventual girlfriend, and an aspiring architect.
 Ethan Nakamura – An ally of Kronos and son of Nemesis, without whom Kronos's rise to power would not have been possible. Like Luke, he too feels betrayed by the Greek gods for their refusal to acknowledge his mother as a goddess equal in importance to the twelve Olympians.
 Grover Underwood – Percy's best friend, a satyr, and a new member of the Council of Cloven Elders. He is also a kind of ambassador for the power of the god Pan in the world.
 Thalia Grace – A daughter of Zeus, Percy's close friend, and leader of a group of Artemis's followers, previously believed to be the demigod of the Great Prophecy. She is immortal but physically aged to fifteen, nearly sixteen.
 Nico di Angelo – A son of Hades who is instrumental in convincing his father, Demeter, and Persephone to fight against the Titans. He betrays Percy at first, but is eventually forgiven by him.
 Charles Beckendorf and Silena Beauregard – A couple who both give their lives in defense of Olympus; Beckendorf's death at Luke's hands convinces Silena to renounce her role as Kronos's spy. They are the son of Hephaestus and the daughter of Aphrodite, respectively.
 Clarisse La Rue – A daughter of Ares, and a rival of Percy's. At first, due to a disagreement with Apollo's cabin at Camp Half-Blood, she and her brethren refuse to fight in the war. Her friend Silena Beauregard's death, in part because of her refusal to fight, changes her mind.
Connor and Travis Stoll – The sons of Hermes and friends of Percy. Everyone thinks that they are twins but they are not. Many people assume that they are brothers because they are identical. They like to steal things from camp and love pranks.

Sequel

Another Camp Half-Blood Chronicles series has been released, titled The Heroes of Olympus. The Lost Hero is the first book in this series by Riordan, and was released on October 12, 2010. Though it is not directly related to Percy and friends, there are many references and appearances of these characters and it still serves as a sequel. Its sequel, The Son of Neptune, portrays Percy as one of the main protagonists. The Son of Neptune is followed by The Mark of Athena, The House of Hades, and The Blood of Olympus.

A sixth book in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series, titled The Chalice of the Gods and set between the events of The Heroes of Olympus and its sequel series The Trials of Apollo, was announced in October 2022, with a release date of September 26, 2023.

References

External links

 Rick Riordan Myth Master at publisher Penguin Books (UK)
 Percy Jackson & the Olympians at publisher Disney-Hyperion Books (US)

2009 American novels
Percy Jackson & the Olympians
2009 fantasy novels
Sequel novels
Novels set in Long Island
Novels set in New York City
2009 children's books
Fiction about suicide
Novels by Rick Riordan


S&T Daewoo XK8, also known as DAR-21 (Daewoo Assault Rifle-21st Century), is a 5.56×45mm NATO bullpup assault rifle developed and manufactured by S&T Daewoo intended to replace Daewoo Precision Industries K2 assault rifle for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces.

XK8 was the first firearm developed solely by the Korean defense company without the request from the military. However, after the field tests by Republic of Korea Army Special Warfare Command, it was rejected and was not mass-produced.

History
The prototype was first developed in 2003.

Development
The XK8 was made out of high-strength plastic and polymer materials with the ejection port on the right side and the cocking lever on the left side. The fire selector consists of semi-auto, three round burst and full auto.

See also
Daewoo Precision Industries K2
S&T Daewoo K11

References

External links

5.56 mm assault rifles
Assault rifles of South Korea
Bullpup rifles
Daewoo assault rifles
Post–Cold War weapons of South Korea


{{DISPLAYTITLE:3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid}}

3-Deoxy--manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (ketodeoxyoctonic acid; KDO; IUPAC symbol Kdo) is an ulosonic acid of a 2-ketooctose which is used by bacteria in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides. The -manno prefix indicates that the four chiral centers have the same configuration as -mannose.

References

Sugar acids


St Margaret's College may refer to:

 St Margaret's College, Christchurch, girls' secondary school, New Zealand
 St Margaret's College, Otago, hall of residence of the University of Otago, New Zealand
 St. Margaret's Junior College, Tokyo, Japan

See also
 St Margaret's School (disambiguation)


At least three bands have used the name Pharaohs:

A 1960s American pop music group fronted by Sam the Sham.
The Pharaohs, a soul/jazz/funk band formed in 1962 and active in the seventies, featuring Maurice White.
A metal band from Fredericton, N.B. formed in 2008.

See also
 Pharaoh (disambiguation)


The Franssen effect is an auditory illusion where the listener incorrectly localizes a sound. It was found in 1960 by Nico Valentinus Franssen (1926–1979), a Dutch physicist and inventor. There are two classical experiments, which are related to the Franssen effect, called Franssen effect F1 and Franssen effect F2.

Franssen effect F1

There are two loudspeakers to the left and right of the listener. Each is about 1 meter in distance from the listener, at approximately 45° angles.

The left speaker suddenly begins to produce a sharp pure tone. The two speakers are complementary to each other: i.e., as one increases, the other decreases. The left one is decreased exponentially, and the right speaker becomes the main source of the sound. The listener mistakenly perceives the sound as only coming from the left speaker, although the right speaker has been on most of the time.

Franssen effect F2

Experiment
Inside a room (auditorium) there are two loudspeakers at different positions. At the beginning of the presentation, loudspeaker 1 emits a pure tone with a steep attacking slope. Subsequently the power of this loudspeaker remains constant. The listeners can localize this loudspeaker easily. During the stationary part of the envelope the signal is very smoothly faded over from loudspeaker 1 to loudspeaker 2. Although loudspeaker 2 emits all the sound at the end, the listener's auditory events remain at the position of loudspeaker 1. This mislocalization remains, even if the test supervisor plugs off the cables of loudspeaker 1 demonstratively.

Conclusions
This effect gives some information about the capabilities of the human auditory system to localize sound sources in enclosed rooms:
 The human auditory system is able to localize a sound source in reverberant sound fields, if there are fast signal changes or signal onsets. (Loudspeaker 1 was correctly localized at the beginning of the experiment.)
 The human auditory system is not able to localize signals with a constant amplitude and spectrum in reverberant sound fields. (The fade over to loudspeaker 2 was not recognized by the listeners.)
 As long as no sound source can be localized, the direction of the last localized sound source remains as the perceived direction. (The auditory event remained at loudspeaker 1, although loudspeaker 2 emitted all the sound at the end of the experiment.)

When looking at the sound, which arrives at the listener's ears, the following situation appears:
 At the beginning of the experiment, when loudspeaker 1 started to emit sound, there was a short time period, where only the direct sound of loudspeaker 1 arrived at the listener's ears. In this time period the localization of loudspeaker 1 was surely possible, because it was not yet disturbed by wall reflections.
 Some milliseconds later the sound of the wall reflections arrived and disturbed the localization of sound sources.
 During the fade over the level and the spectrum of the emitted sound remained constant. This fade over was overlaid by many wall reflections from the sound situation before. Obviously no sound source localization was possible during this phase.
 At the end, when only loudspeaker 2 emitted sound, the situation was quite similar, the sound of the wall reflections, which arrived simultaneously, prevented a localization of this sound source.

As a consequence the auditory system seems only to be able to localize sound sources in reverberant environment at sound onsets or at bigger spectral changes. Then the direct sound of the sound source prevails at least in some frequency ranges and the direction of the sound source can be determined. Some milliseconds later, when the sound of the wall reflections arrives, a sound source localization seems no more to be possible. As long as no new localization is possible, the auditory systems seems to keep the last localized direction as perceived sound source direction.

See also
Binaural fusion
Haas effect

References

External links
Localization of sound in rooms IV: The Franssen effect
The Franssen Effect

Auditory illusions
Acoustics
Hearing


Laportea canadensis, commonly called Canada nettle or wood-nettle, is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of the nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern and central North America. It is found growing in open woods with moist rich soils and along streams and in drainages.

Description
Laportea canadensis grows from tuberous roots to a height of 30 to 150 centimeters, and can be rhizomatous, growing into small clumps. Plants have both stinging and non-stinging hairs on the foliage and the stems. It has whitish green flowers, produced from spring to early fall. Unlike its cousin, the common nettle, Laportea canadensis has alternate leaves. The bulk of its foliage also grows notably high on the stem.

Sting
When the stinging nettles come in contact with the skin, the unlucky individual is dealt a painful burning stinging sensation, sometimes with barbs left in the skin. The skin can turn red and blister, and blisters can last for several days.

References

External links
Profile: Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis) Photos, Drawings, Text. (Wild Plants of Winnipeg from Nature Manitoba)

canadensis
Flora of the Southeastern United States
Flora of the Northeastern United States
Flora of the North-Central United States
Flora of Eastern Canada
Flora of Western Canada


The seminal work of fiction featuring eco-terrorism as a major focal point is Edward Abbey's 1975 novel The Monkey Wrench Gang, wherein a group of environmentalists disrupt various projects that are damaging to the environment. The novel inspired the Earth First! movement and directly influenced the Earth Liberation Front. The term "monkeywrenching", in the sense of sabotage, derives from the book. The 1985 film Pale Rider, directed by and starring Clint Eastwood, likewise frames eco-terrorism positively; in the film, the vigilante justice morality which is a common feature of the Western genre is applied to environmentally destructive mining practices. In contrast, Michael Crichton's 2004 novel State of Fear portrays eco-terrorists—in this case a group of environmentalists who seek to raise awareness about anthropogenic global warming by creating extreme weather events—in a negative light.

The Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 precipitated an increase in eco-terrorism appearing in fiction. Examples include Paul Di Filippo's 1993 short story "Up the Lazy River" and Rebecca Ore's 1995 novel Gaia's Toys. Besides film and literature, the theme has also appeared in video games such as Final Fantasy VII. In more recent years, eco-terrorist antagonists such as those in the 2018 superhero films Aquaman and Avengers: Infinity War have been portrayed as being right about the issues but wrong about the solutions. The portrayal of eco-terrorist protagonists also shifted in the second half of the 2010s; whereas in earlier works such as the 2013 film Night Moves they would be motivated by idealism, later works such as the 2017 film First Reformed and the 2018 novel The Overstory have them motivated by the existential dread of perceiving human society as fundamentally unsustainable in relation to nature.

See also
Environmental issues in film and television
Climate fiction

References


James Allen (1802–1854) was an American politician, farmer and soldier. He represented Hampshire County (which is now in West Virginia) in the Virginia House of Delegates 1839–40, 1847–49, and 1852–54. Allen received land grants along Patterson Creek in 1832 and 1848, and his brother Robert Allen (1808-1878) also settled in the area. Col. Allen commanded the 77th Regiment in the 3rd Division of the Virginia militia and died at Fort Ashby in an area of Hampshire County that became Mineral County, West Virginia after his death.

James Allen married Catherine Hollenback (1807-1896). Their family included sons James Clinton Allen (1828-1905), William A. Allen (b. 1830), Edward F. Allen (1834-1909), Hiram R. Allen (1839-1911), John Herman Allen (1841-1923), CSA Pvt. Elijah Allen (1843-1864) and Daniel Thomas Allen (1845-1939), as well as daughters Sarah Katherine Allen (1836-1842), Mary Jane Allen Monroe (1834-1909), Margaret Ann Allen Parker (1837-1905), and Rhoda Mariah Allen Gauer (1838-1919). Pvt. Allen enlisted in the 7th Virginia Cavalry on November 2, 1861, shortly after he turned 18, and was captured in August 1863 and died of scurvy as a prisoner of war on July 31, 1864.

Notes

1802 births
1854 deaths
Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
People from Fort Ashby, West Virginia
19th-century American legislators
People from Hampshire County, West Virginia


The region known as Cabeça do Cachorro (Dog‘s head) is the area comprising the northwesternmost end of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, bordering on Colombia and Venezuela.

This region roughly coincides with the Brazilian municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira and parts of Japurá, and shares international borders with the Venezuelan state of Amazonas (to the northeast), and the Colombian departments of Guainía (to north), Vaupés (to west) and Amazonas (to southwest). The Brazilian Army maintains a border platoon next to the border tripoint, at the village of Cucuí, where there is also a Brazilian Air Force base.

Cabeça do Cachorro means, literally, "Dog's Head" in Portuguese. The name was given after the shape of this region's map, that resembles the head of a dog with its mouth wide open. This picturesque geographical shape was defined by the Treaty of Bogotá, which was signed by Colombia and Brazil in 1907 and defined the borders between the two countries according to the uti possidetis criterion. These borders were later confirmed by a supplementary Colombian-Brazilian treaty in 1928.

The area has several Amerindian reservations. The municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in Cabeça do Cachorro, is the first in Brazil to adopt an Amerindian language, Nheengatu, as co-official with Portuguese.

The region also has one of the largest niobium reserves in the world.

See also
Brazilian state of Amazonas
Municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira
Municipality of Japurá
Colombia-Brazil borders
Roman Catholic Diocese of São Gabriel da Cachoeira

External links
Geodesic points of the border between Brazil and Colombia
Health and Displacement at the border between Brazil and Colombia
Fronteira Brasil-Colômbia: Breve Histórico (in Portuguese)
Tratado de Bogotá, 21 de abril de 1907 (in Portuguese)

Ecoregions of Brazil
North Region, Brazil
Regions of South America


Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones are hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Although the organs in which they are produced are relatively small, the effects of these hormones cascade throughout the body. They can be classified as a hypothalamic–pituitary axis (HP axis) of which the adrenal (), gonadal (), thyroid (), somatotropic (), and prolactin () axes are branches.

It is possible for the function of these hormones to be altered by physical activity.

In posterior pituitary we have hormones that control absorption of water and oxytocin.

Anterior hypophysis, neurosecretory cells which release hormones. There is a pituitary portal system, with which the hormones are transported. These hormones are prolactin, growth hormone, TSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, FSH and LH. They are all released by anterior pituitary. Some have targets in glands and some with direct function. Anterior pituitary is an amalgam of hormone producing glandular cells.

There are conditions related to the limbic system which regulate the hormone release. And also thalamus, with pain. Many of these stimuli come from the senses of the subject. The temperature control can be found in the hypothalamus. There is also regulation of water balance. And also hunger, and also something associated with water balance control (ADH).

·      Corticotropic releasing hormone CRH: stimulates ACTH secretion

·      Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): stimulates TSH and prolactin secretion

·      Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH): stimulates GH secretion

·      Somatostatin: inhibits GH (and other hormone) secretion

·      Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH): stimulates FSH and LH secretion

·      Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH): stimulates PRL secretion

·      Prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine): inhibits PRL secretion

These hypothalamic hormones are secreted in pulse. They act on specific membrane receptors. They are glycoproteins. Then you have the signal. They stimulate release of pituitary hormones. They stimulate synthesis of pituitary hormones, stimulate release stored pituitary hormones, stimulate hyperplasia and hypertrophy of target cells and regulate their own receptors.

Anterior pituitary produces prolactin, GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH.

15–20% of corticotroph cells, produce ACTH. The targets are the adrenal glands, adipocytes and melanocytes.

3–5% thyrotroph cells, produce TSH.

10–15%, Gonadotroph, produce LH and FSH

40–50% somatotroph, produce GH in particular in childhood.

10–15% lactotroph, produce prolactin.

References

Hormones of the hypothalamus
Hormones of the pituitary gland
Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis


Content, also known as the Bowling House, is a historic home located in Upper Marlboro, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, across the street from the county courthouse. The home is a -story, two-part frame structure built in three stages. The first section, built in 1787, consisted of the present main block, with a stair hall and porch added ca. 1800. A north wing was added before 1844. Content is one of the oldest buildings remaining in the county seat of Upper Marlboro, along with Kingston and the Buck (James Waldrop) House. Content has always been owned by prominent families in the civic, economic, and social affairs of town, county, and state including the Magruder, Beanes, and Lee families; and the Bowling and Smith families of the 20th century.

Content was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.  It is located in the Upper Marlboro Residential Historic District.

References

External links
, including photo in 1977, at Maryland Historical Trust website

Houses completed in 1787
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
1787 establishments in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Maryland


Decisión Unánime (English: Unanimous Decision) is the tenth studio album recorded by Puerto Rican-American salsa singer-songwriter Víctor Manuelle. The album was released by Sony BMG Norte on May 9, 2006 (see 2006 in music). It produced three singles, "Nuestro Amor Se Ha Vuelto Ayer" feat. Yuridia which reached No. 8 on Billboard Hot Latin Songs and No. 1 on Billboard Tropical Airplay, "Maldita Suerte" feat. Sin Bandera, and "Nunca Había Llorado Así" feat. Don Omar. The album was certified Disco de Platino by the RIAA for shipments of 100,000 units in the United States.

Track listing
 El Perdedor – 4:29
 Nuestro Amor Se Ha Vuelto Ayer – 4:58
 Vamos De Nuevo (featuring Héctor Delgado, Yomo, & Mikey Genao) – 4:48
 Puerto Rico 2006 (featuring Eddie Palmieri) – 5:24
 Maldita Suerte – 4:41
 Nunca Había Llorado Así (featuring Don Omar) – 4:58
 Dos Generaciones (featuring Eddie Palmieri) – 6:00
 ¿A Qué Te Supo? – 4:24
 Cenizas – 4:22
 Hazme Sentir – 4:52
 Nuestro Amor Se Ha Vuelto Ayer (Ballad Version) (featuring Yuridia) – 3:59
 Maldita Suerte (featuring Sin Bandera) (Ballad Version) – 4:16
 Agradecimientos – 2:09

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Sales and certifications

Awards/Nominations

See also
List of number-one Billboard Tropical Albums from the 2000s

References

2006 albums
Víctor Manuelle albums
Sony BMG Norte albums
Spanish-language albums


Kokorina () is a village in Istočni Mostar municipality, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

References

Populated places in Istočni Mostar


The 74th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in southeast Pennsylvania and has been represented by Dan K. Williams since 2019.

District profile
The 74th District is located in Chester County and includes the following areas:

Atglen
Caln Township (part)
District 01
District 02
District 03
Coatesville
Honey Brook
Honey Brook Township
Modena
Parkesburg
Sadsbury Township
South Coatesville
Valley Township
West Caln Township
West Sadsbury Township

Representatives

Recent election results

References

Government of Chester County, Pennsylvania
74


Kamena may refer to two villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, formerly a single village:

 Kamena, Istočni Mostar, in Republika Srpska
 Kamena, Mostar, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina