Raised by Humans is an album by folk artist "Spider" John Koerner, released in 1992. It was recorded live to two-track tape at Minnesota Public Radio Station Studio M, in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic William Ruhlmann stated, "He sings in an assured, rhythmic voice that has taken on a certain gruffness since the early days of Koerner, Ray & Glover more than 30 years ago, making it all the more appropriate to the often familiar songs and enabling him to create his own distinct interpretations. He doesn't need to make albums frequently, as long as the ones he does make are as enjoyable as this one."

Track listing
All songs traditional unless otherwise noted.
 "Prelude" – 0:23
 "Summer of '88" (John Koerner) – 5:32
 "The Young Man Who Wouldn't Hoe Corn" – 1:50
 "The Water Is Wide" – 4:21
 "Titanic" – 4:01
 "Boll Weevil" – 3:15
 "The Farmer's Curst Wife" – 2:38
 "Santy Anno" – 2:42
 "More Pretty Women Than One" (Guthrie, Koerner) – 2:34
 "Midnight Special" (Lead Belly) – 2:37
 "The Fox" – 2:41
 "Old Smoky" – 4:31
 "Everybody's Going for the Money" (Koerner) – 2:45
 "Ezekiel" – 3:29
 "Poem" (Koerner) – 0:57

Personnel
"Spider" John Koerner – guitar, harmonica (4, 9, 10), vocals
Marc Anderson – percussion, drums
Dakota Dave Hull – percussion, vocals, National steel guitar (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14)
Willie Murphy – bass, percussion, piano, vocals
Dean Magraw – guitar (2, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Peter Ostroushko – fiddle, mandolin, vocals
Dave Moore – harmonica (11, 13), percussion, accordion
John "Mr. Bones" Burrell – percussion
Production notes
Eric Peltoniemi – producer
Craig Thorson – engineer
Paul Baron – engineer, assistant engineer, post production
Linda Beauvais – artwork, design
Bob Feldman – executive producer
Tom Mudge – engineer
Marc Norberg – photography

References

External links
John Koerner discography

1986 albums
John Koerner albums


The Quick Red Fox (1964) is the fourth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. In it, McGee is hired to aid a fictitious Hollywood star named Lysa Dean who is being blackmailed with revealing photographs.

The New York Times called it "fast moving, hard hitting."

It was issued in hardback in 1974.

Summary

The back of the book reads, "From all that Travis McGee could gather, it must have been one hell of a party.  Four languid days and all the booze they could drink...Ten playful people swinging wild and free, getting drunk, getting bored, swapping partners in the warmth of sun on naked bodies, miles from civilization.  --- Miles from civilization - and 300 feet from a very good camera with a telephoto lens.  The star attraction was a woman named Lysa Dean.  --- It was a blackmail set-up as old as the hills.  McGee - waterfront gypsy - did not want to touch the deal with a ten-foot pole.  Except there was another woman involved, a lovely, longing, tender woman whose life was slowly draining away into disaster..."

Themes

The title phrase, "The Quick Red Fox" is mentioned at two places in the book referred to Lysa Dean, the movie star that Travis McGee is employed by.

The first mention on page 16 reads, "With her head slightly bowed, looking up at me through her lashes, the gold-red weight of hair at the right side of her face had swung slightly forward.  Suddenly I knew what she reminded me of.  A vixen.  A quick red fox."  The second mention is on page 155, "The quick red fox stared at me with foxy eyes..."

Travis McGee is given an advance of $5,000 for expenses and once his mission is complete, Lysa Dean gave McGee an envelope with $10,000 cash.  Lysa Dean provided Dana Holtzer to assist Travis McGee during his work.  Although Travis is romantically involved, there isn't an indication that the interest extends beyond the book.

The character "Lysa Dean" makes an appearance in Free Fall in Crimson to help Travis solve another case.

The character "Meyer" is briefly mentioned in the book, but does not have any part in the story.

This is the first book that mentions Travis McGee's preference for gin.  He drinks Plymouth Gin with bitters and in later books prefers Boodles Gin.  Previous to this book, Travis McGee generally prefers a generic "Good Bourbon."

References

Notes

1964 American novels
Travis McGee (novel series)
Novels set in California


Life Is... is the fifth original studio album by Japanese singer Ken Hirai, released by Defstar Records on January 22, 2003. It reached number one on Japan's Oricon sales chart and has been certified for one million sales by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.

Track list
Strawberry Sex (4:26)
Written by Tada Taku and Ken Hirai. Composed by Nakano Masahito and Ken Hirai. Arranged by Nakano Masahito.
Revolver (3:39)
Written by Ken Hirai and Sean Garren. Composed by T.Kura and Sean Garren. Arranged by T.Kura.
Ex-girlfriend (4:13)
Written by Ken Hirai. Composed and arranged by Murayama Shinichiro.
The B-side of Hirai's 15th single, "Strawberry Sex".
Ring (5:15)
Written and composed by Ken Hirai. Arranged by Tomida Keichi.
Ending song for the Japanese TV drama Psycho Doctor.
Come Back (4:20)
Written by Ken Hirai and Angie Irons. Composed by T.Kura and Angie Irons. Arranged by T.Kura.
This song was the double A-side of his single "Life Is...: Another Story".
Somebody's Girl (4:44)
Written by Fujibayashi Shōko. Composed and arranged by Uru.
This song was the B-side of his single "Ring".
I'm So Drunk (3:40)
Written by Ken Hirai. Composed and Arranged by Akira.
Missing You: It Will Break My Heart (4:47)
Written by Ken Hirai. Composed and arranged by Babyface.
This song was a collaboration with American producer Babyface.
An English version of the song was included on the single.
世界で一番君が好き? (Sekai de Ichiban Kimi ga Suki?, (Am I Your Favorite in the World?)　 (5:27)
Written by Tada Taku. Composed and arranged by Kuriya Makoto.
メモリーズ (Memoriizu, Memories)　(4:29)
Written and Composed by Ken Hirai and Suzuki Dai. Arranged by Matally.
Life Is... (4:28)
Written and Composed by Ken Hirai. Arranged by Suzuki Dai.
This was the commercial song for the video game Fire Emblem.
大きな古時計 (Ōkiina Furu Tokei, Great Old Clock)　(4:46)
Written and composed by Henry Clay Work. Translated to Japanese by Hotomi Kōgo. Arranged by Kameda Seiji.

Charts

References

Ken Hirai albums
2003 albums


The Women's 200m T13 had its competition held on September 13, with the first round at 9:45 and the Final at 18:45.

Medalists

Results

References
Round 1 - Heat 1
Round 1 - Heat 2
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


Enispe or Enispa () was a city in ancient Arcadia. It was mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships of the Iliad as one of the Arcadian cities that participated in the Trojan War, led by general Agapenor. Even in antiquity its location was unknown. The ancient belief that it was situated on an island in the river Ladon was dismissed by Pausanias.

The location of the ancient city is still unknown, but some archaeologists believe it was situated at the locality Sakovouni near Vytina, where a prehistoric settlement has been excavated.

References

Populated places in ancient Arcadia
Locations in the Iliad
Arcadian city-states
Former populated places in Greece
Lost ancient cities and towns


Karen Latham is an American painter, residing in Hastings, Minnesota. Latham is most known for her realistic miniature paintings of wildlife. Latham is the mother of Bonnie and Rebecca Latham, also painters in the same style.

Biography
Karen Latham began painting portraits at the age of 10. As a child she painted with watercolors and acrylics. She has owned the Nature's Palette Gallery in Hastings, Minnesota, where she has held art classes. She is married to Ken Latham a chemical engineer at 3M. Latham home schooled her artistic daughters, Bonnie, born in 1984, and Rebecca, who also live in Hastings.

Latham paints wildlife, using acrylics, in naturalist, realist, representationism and realism styles. She also makes portraits. Karen Latham and her daughter, Rebecca, illustrated the V is for Viking (2003) children's book, and their work was included in the P is for Passport (2003) book. Karen won an Award of Excellence for In the Light at a Society of Animal Artists exhibition in 2004. Latham was an award winner at the national 2004 and 2005 Arts for the Parks contests. One of Karen's paintings was selected for the 2008 Illinois Conservation Stamp.

Latham women
Karen Latham exhibits with her daughters, Bonnie and Rebecca, all of whom make realist paintings of wildlife in miniature. The girls started to paint in earnest about the age of 12 and their works were shown in the family's art gallery, by or before 2000.

Bonnie's painting of a pintail duck was selected for the 2000 Federal Junior duck stamp, The winning stamp was sold for $5 as a collectible stamp. Rebecca's paintings have been selected for the 2009 Illinois Conservation Stamp and 2003 Minnesota Turkey Stamp.

The Latham women's paintings have been shown in the Smithsonian, Nature in Art museum (UK), Hiram Blauvelt museum, and the Gilcrease Museum. In 2007, all three exhibited their work at Seaside Art Gallery in Nags Head, North Carolina for the 16th International Miniature Art Show. Their artwork has been featured in numerous art publications including Wildlife Art magazine and Wildscape Magazine. All three women have each been named "artist of the year" by conservation organizations, are members of many art and wildlife societies, and are signature members of the Society of Animal Artists, which means that they participated in 15 or more annual exhibitions.

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 Official website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women painters
People from Hastings, Minnesota
Painters from Minnesota
Artist families
American bird artists
21st-century American women artists


Our Thing is the second album by American jazz tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson on Blue Note. It features performances by Henderson, trumpeter Kenny Dorham, pianist Andrew Hill, drummer Pete La Roca and bassist Eddie Khan of originals by Henderson and Dorham. The CD reissue added a bonus take of "Teeter Totter".

Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4.5 stars stating "Even at this relatively early stage, Joe Henderson showed his potential as a great tenorman.".

Track listing
 "Teeter Totter" – 8:33 (Henderson)
 "Pedro's Time" – 10:04 (Dorham)
 "Our Thing" – 5:36 (Henderson)
 "Back Road" – 6:19 (Dorham)
 "Escapade" – 8:05 (Dorham)
 "Teeter Totter" [alternate take] – 7:10 Bonus track on CD

Personnel

Musicians
Joe Henderson – tenor saxophone
Kenny Dorham – trumpet
Andrew Hill – piano
Eddie Khan – bass
Pete La Roca – drums

Production
Bob Blumenthal – liner notes
Michael Cuscuna – reissue
Kenny Dorham – liner notes
Alfred Lion – producer
Reid Miles – design, cover design
Rudy Van Gelder – engineer, remastering, digital remastering
Francis Wolff – photography, cover photo

References

1964 albums
Joe Henderson albums
Albums produced by Alfred Lion
Blue Note Records albums
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio


Enispe may refer to:

Enispe (Ενίσπη), an ancient city in Arcadia, Greece
Enispe (butterfly), a butterfly genus from Southeast Asia including:
Enispe cycnus, the blue caliph
Enispe euthymius, the red caliph
Enispe intermedia


Frédéric Chopin's Allegro de concert, Op. 46, is a piece for piano, published in November 1841. It is in one movement and takes between 11 and 15 minutes to play. The principal themes are bold and expressive. It has a curious place in the Chopin canon, and while its history is obscure, the evidence supports the view, shared by Robert Schumann and others, that it started out as the first movement of a projected third piano concerto, of which the orchestral parts are either now non-existent or were never scored at all. There is no evidence that Chopin ever even started work on the latter movements of this concerto.

History

Chopin published his two piano concertos in 1830. That same year he wrote that he was planning a concerto for two pianos and orchestra, and would play it with his friend Tomasz Napoleon Nidecki if he managed to finish it. He worked on it for some months, but he had the greatest difficulty with it, and this work never eventuated; however, he may have used ideas from it in later works.

There is also evidence that Chopin started work on a third concerto for piano and orchestra. In Chopin: The Piano Concertos, Rink quotes from an unpublished Chopin letter, dated 10 September 1841, offering Breitkopf & Härtel an "Allegro maestoso (du 3e Concerto) pour piano seul" for 1,000 francs. In November 1841, Schlesinger published the Allegro de concert, which has a tempo indication of "Allegro maestoso", and Breitkopf & Härtel also published it in December of the same year. The work has the general characteristics of the opening movement of a concerto from around that time. It contains a lengthy introduction, with the section corresponding to the original piano solo commencing at bar 87. It seems clear that the "Allegro maestoso" Chopin referred to in his letter was the piece published two months later as Allegro de concert, Op. 46.

The first few notes of the piece were drafted around 1832, but it is not known when the rest of the piece was written. Chopin dedicated it to Friederike Müller (1816–1895), one of his favourite pupils, who studied with him for 18 months (1839–1841). Franz Liszt gave her the nickname "Mademoiselle opus quarante-six" ("forty six", the work's opus number, in French).

Reception

The Allegro de concert includes certain devices which reflect a more virtuosic technique than that required by most of his other works. Technical difficulties include dense musical textures, complex and light finger work, massive leaps of left hand chords, trills and scales in double notes, and difficult octaves. For this reason, it is considered one of Chopin's most difficult pieces, but regardless of this challenge, some pianists and critics find it unconvincing. It has received relatively little attention in the concert hall or in recordings, and it is not particularly well known to music lovers. Those who have recorded it include Claudio Arrau, Nikolai Demidenko, Garrick Ohlsson, Nikita Magaloff, Vladimir Ashkenazy and Roger Woodward. However, Chopin himself seems to have been very proud of it. He told Aleksander Hoffmann: "This is the very first piece I shall play in my first concert upon returning home to a free Warsaw". Chopin never returned to Warsaw, and it is perhaps for this reason that there is no record of him ever playing it in public. In fact, there seems to be no record of its first public performance at all. (Claude Debussy played it at the Paris Conservatoire in July 1879.) The work received one of its rare public performances at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in the early 1980s as the opening work for a 'quasi orchestral' solo piano recital by British pianist Mark Latimer that ended with only the second London performance of the equally demanding Concerto for Solo Piano by Charles-Valentin Alkan.

Transcriptions
Some attempts have been made to score the Allegro de concert for piano and orchestra as probably originally intended by Chopin. Jean Louis Nicodé produced two versions—one for two pianos, and a later one for piano and orchestra—but he added various parts of his own creation, amounting to 70 bars of new music (a development section after bar 205, a third tutti, etc.). He also "beefs up" the piano part towards the end. This version was first played by the Dutch pianist Marie Geselschap in New York City, with an orchestra conducted by Anton Seidl.

In the early 1930s, Kazimierz Wiłkomirski made another orchestration that was faithful to Chopin's published score. The world premiere recording of this version was by Michael Ponti with the Berlin Symphony Orchestra under Volker Schmidt-Gertenbach.

The Australian pianist Alan Kogosowski went further. In addition to restructuring and augmenting Chopin's music for the Allegro de concert into a new treatment for piano and orchestra, he also created settings for piano and orchestra of the Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. "Lento con gran espressione", and the Bolero in C major-A minor, Op. 19. Kogosowski put these together as a three-movement work and performed it under the misleading title of "Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 3 in A major" on 8 October 1999, with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra under Neeme Järvi.

Austrian pianist Ingolf Wunder orchestrated and recorded it with the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra in 2015 for Deutsche Grammophon.

References

Sources
 James Huneker: Chopin, The Man and His Music

External links

Compositions by Frédéric Chopin
Compositions for solo piano
1841 compositions
Compositions in A major
Music with dedications


Albert DeBurgo "Burke" McPhillips (18 January 1904 – 11 March 1971) was a Canadian politician. McPhillips was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a barrister and solicitor by career.

Early years
McPhillips was born in Victoria, British Columbia. He was the youngest son of the Hon. Mr. Justice Albert Edward McPhillips and Sophia Emily Davie, daughter of the late Hon. A.E.B. Davie, Q.C.

Military service
McPhillips served in the Canadian Army as Captain with The Duke of Connaught's Own Rifles of Canada from 1940 to 1946.

Political career
McPhillips was a candidate for the British Columbia Conservative Party in the Vancouver Centre (1933, 1941 provincial elections) and Victoria City (1952).

He was first elected at the Victoria riding in
the 1957 general election and was re-elected twice, in the 1958 and 1962 federal elections. McPhillips served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Fisheries from August 1962 to February 1963. His cousin, Davie Fulton, was Minister of Public Works around this time.

After completing his third term, the 25th Canadian Parliament, McPhillips left federal political office and was appointed to the Tariff Board of Canada.

He died suddenly at Ottawa on 11 March 1971. He was survived by his wife and two children.

References

External links

1904 births
1971 deaths
Canadian people of English descent
Canadian people of Irish descent
Lawyers in British Columbia
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Politicians from Victoria, British Columbia
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
20th-century Canadian lawyers


Gordon Campbell Chown (15 August 1922 – 31 July 2002) was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the son of physician (Stanley) Gordon Chown and his wife Penelope Millen, and became a lawyer.

He served overseas in the army during the Second World War and attained the rank of captain. He served as president of the Young Conservatives of Manitoba (1951) and as an alderman of Winnipeg (1952 to 1955).

He was elected to represent the Winnipeg South riding in the upset 1957 general election, then re-elected in the landslide 1958 election and in the minority 1962 election. He lost his seat to Liberal challenger Margaret Konantz in the 1963 election, which also saw a Liberal minority government replace the Conservative one. Chown served in the 23rd to 25th Canadian Parliaments. During his last term in the House of Commons, he served as Deputy Speaker and chairman of the Committee of the Whole.

After leaving federal politics, Chown moved to Toronto. He helped to found the York County Legal Aid Plan. In 1972 he was appointed as an Ontario provincial judge, acting in this capacity in Toronto and Hamilton until his retirement in 1992.

On 29 December 1959, he married Catherine Oliver Barton, and adopted her three children. He was a lifelong member of the Anglican Church of Canada, as well as a life member of the Royal Canadian Military Institute, Toronto, and of the University of Manitoba Alumni Association. As a past member of the Royal Lake of the Woods Yacht Club and Winnipeg Winter Club, he was an avid sailor and figure skater.

He died in Brantford, Ontario on 31 July 2002, fifteen days before his eightieth birthday.

References

External links

1922 births
2002 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Lawyers in Manitoba
Winnipeg city councillors
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Canadian Army officers


Bakatin () is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Bakatina. Notable people with the surname include:

 Aleksandr Bakatin (1922–1977), Russian diver
 Vadim Bakatin (1937–2022), Soviet politician

Russian-language surnames


Boston Medical Group is a network of medical offices sharing research information and treatment methods for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.

The company opened its first office in Mexico in Guadalajara, Jalisco on 4 July 1997.  In 2006, due to differences in visions, the shareholders of Boston Medical Group decided to part ways. This decision resulted in the creation of two entirely separate entities, each with its own management, operations, marketing, advertising, and medical protocols, yet both operating under the shared "Boston Medical Group" brand name.

As per 2023, The U.S. operations of Boston Medical Group has pivoted to primarily offering telemedicine services within the country. In contrast, the international division operates in several countries, maintaining over 100 offices in locations such as Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Spain.

Boston Medical Group (US) Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction, Premature Ejaculation & Hormone Therapy

The office's primary treatment, called intracavernous pharmacotherapy (ICP), consists of administering an injection of a vasodilator drug by inserting a hypodermic needle directly into the penis, which increases blood flow, and causes an erection in minutes in many patients.

ICP treatment has been used to help create and maintain erections in patients who do not respond to more mainstream medications or are prohibited from taking these drugs because of a heart condition, diabetes or blood pressure since ICP treatments are localized and do not typically interact with other systemic medications.

Intracavernous pharmacotherapy can be used in patients with a wide variety of ailments wherein other medications might not be as effective. For example, a study showed that over seventy percent of patients with a spinal cord injury responded positively to intracavernous pharmacotherapy and were able to achieve an erection.

In addition to ICP, Boston Medical Group also offers treatments in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), specifically for low testosterone (Low T), a sublingual form of the well-known drug Viagra which is dissolved under the tongue and quickly enters the blood stream and a variety of treatment programs designed to specifically address low libido, ED, and premature ejaculation.

Notable Physicians

Many of the physicians employed by Boston Medical Group themselves have won individual awards, including the Marie and Oscar Randolph award, the KCMS Robert H. Hume award for excellence in surgical research and the Physician's Recognition Award for Continuing Medical Education by the American Medical Association, among others. These awards were not won during their employment at Boston Medical Group.

Advertising

The company's marketing campaign, produced by Boston Men's Health Center Inc. (the management and marketing company of which Boston Medical Group is a client), has included billboards, newspaper ads, radio commercials, and TV advertisements and often utilize the "Sex for Life"  Also, the company ran a radio campaign between 2007 and 2009 featuring a character named "Andrew" In his signature, common-man style, he recounts his previous battle with erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation before visiting Boston Medical Group and touts the group as a viable alternative. Currently, the company is running a radio campaign featuring the voice of Peter Scolari.

Coverage in Media

On April 7, 2011, the Los Angeles Times published an exposé about Boston Male Medical Group's sales and compensation practices.  The article was titled "Clinic settles lawsuits but still faces scrutiny over erectile dysfunction injections" and subtitled "Boston Medical Group doctors get bonuses to promote the drug injections. Some patients say they suffered from priapism and permanent damage because they were not informed of the risks."

Legal Cases (US)

After admitting to not keeping proper records in 2001 and 2002, one doctor at an office location in Manhattan was placed on probation for five years by the New York state Health Department, and was no longer allowed to treat patients with erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and other sexual problems.

John Henry Howard v. Boston Medical Group trial of September 2009 was successfully appealed in favor of Boston Medical Group and decided on July 12, 2011 by the Georgia Court of Appeals noting that proper instruction was ignored by the patient and that Boston Medical Group acted correctly to ensure proper patient care.

Boston Men's Health Center Inc. which responsible for advertising and marketing of Boston Medical Group was incorrectly named in this lawsuit in the State of Georgia as is also pointed out by the Georgia Court of Appeals. Boston Men's Health Center operates as a management company for the network of individual clinics and collects a management fee from their client, Boston Medical Group, for their management services.

References

External links
 Boston Medical Group website

Companies based in Costa Mesa, California
Urology organizations
1998 establishments in the United States


Zoetia or Zoitia (), or Zoetea or Zoitea (Ζοιτέα), also known as Zoeteium or Zoiteion (Ζοίτειον), was a town of ancient Arcadia, Greece, in the region of Eutresia. According to Greek mythology, the settlement was founded by Zoeteus (Ζοιτεύς), a son of Tricolonus, a relative of Lycaon.

Paroreus (Παρωρεὺς) the youngest son of Tricolonus founded the city of Paroria which was 10 stadia (1.8 km) from Zoetia. When Pausanias visited the city in the 2nd century, it was already abandoned. There remained a temple of Demeter and Artemis then.

Its site is located near the modern Zoni.

References

Populated places in ancient Arcadia
Former populated places in Greece


The Northern Mariana Islands' first election of a delegate to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 4, 2008. Since the CNMI traditionally had general elections in odd-numbered years, the November 2008 ballot contained only this office.

The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands was the most recent United States jurisdiction to receive congressional representation in the United States House of Representatives (in the form of a non-voting delegate).

Gregorio Sablan, who ran as an independent, won the election and became the first Northern Mariana Islands Delegate in Congressional history. He assumed office in January 2009.

Election background
The Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008 allowed the Northern Mariana Islands to elect its first Delegate in history to the United States House of Representatives and created a new Northern Mariana Islands' At-large congressional district.

Under the 2008 law, the new CNMI delegate was allowed to serve in United States Congressional committees within the House of Representatives and vote on proposed legislation on the committee level. However, as with the delegates from other U.S. territories, the CNMI delegate received limited powers, not being permitted to vote on full legislation on the United States House floor. The new delegate received all of the same allowances, benefits and compensation, including an approximately $170,000 a year salary, as a full member of the House of Representatives.

The new legislation also federalized the islands' immigration and labor controls and policies. The new provisions for United States government control over CNMI immigration policy were opposed by Governor Benigno Fitial, who filed a lawsuit in September 2008 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia to halt the takeover. Fitial's suit contended that the immigration takeover by U.S. federal authorities, scheduled for mid-2009, would harm the economy of the Northern Mariana Islands by limiting the number of foreign aliens allowed to work in the territory. The leadership of the Northern Mariana Islands Senate opposed Fitial's lawsuit against the United States government and voted to deny a requested $400,000 in funding for the legal action.

Though legal action was still pending at the time of the election, Governor Benigno Fitial encouraged all registered CNMI voters to cast their ballots for the new delegate on election day.

The deadline for prospective candidates to file to run in the election was August 6, 2008.

The historic first federal election did not attract much attention, in terms of overall voter registration.  Less than 13,000 people registered to vote in the lone Congressional election. These voters represented 1/4 of the total CNMI population. This represented a 15 percent drop in the number of registered voters from the 2007 midterm legislative elections.

Candidates
Listed alphabetically by political party

To be eligible to run in the 2008 Congressional election, each candidate was required to be a United States citizen, at least 25 years of age, and must have resided in the Northern Mariana Islands for at least seven years before the election. Candidates were also required to be registered CNMI voters on the day of the election (November 4, 2008) and could not seek any other elected office simultaneously.

The field of nine candidates for the Congressional election consisted of one Republican, one Democrat and seven independents. The nine candidates represented a very diverse mix of professional backgrounds.

Democratic Party (endorsed candidate)
David Cing, former Northern Mariana Islands Senator

Independent candidates
Felipe Atalig, Saipan and Northern Islands Municipal Council member, a Republican, but running as an independent
Luis Crisostimo, Northern Mariana Islands Senator, a Democrat, but running as an independent
John Davis, high school teacher and Vietnam War veteran
Juan T. Lizama, retired judge, a Republican, but running as an independent
Gregorio C. Sablan, former Election Commission executive director, a Democrat, but running as an independent
Chong Won, businessman originally from South Korea, first time political candidate

Republican Party (endorsed candidate)
Pete Tenorio, current elected resident representative in Washington D.C. since 2002.

Results

References

External links
Pacific Magazine: Sablan's Lead Expected To Hold In U.S. Congress Race
Saipan Tribune: Election Primer: Who, what, where when of historic delegate polls
Saipan Tribune: Candidates quizzed at public forum
Forum puts delegate contenders in hot seat

United States House of Representatives
Northern Mariana Islands
2008


Pearl River High School is a high school in Pearl River, Louisiana, United States, operated by the St. Tammany Parish School Board.

In addition to Pearl River it serves a small section of Slidell.

History

Beginnings
Milton Craddock's first campaign for the St. Tammany Parish School Board, Ward 8, included his dream for a high school in this area. Students from as far away as Talisheek were dropping out of school because it was a hardship in time and resources to attend Slidell High. Craddock was elected, and within his first six-year term a one wing Pearl River High School was erected on Taylor Drive. The street was so named because in April 1966, Mr. Albert Taylor (1908 - 1982) and his wife, Mildred (1909 - 1989) sold  of land to the School Board for $60,120.00 as a site for the new school. Craddock was helped by Sixth Ward Board Member "Siggy" Halverson, and in 1968 the school was completed. The school began with tenth grade, and added a grade each year until the first class graduated in 1971. There were about 42 graduates.

The high school begun the two-year renovation process in March 2016 by adding three new tennis courts. Renovation continued until December 2017. At completion, the school boasts a new mall-like hallway spanning the front of the school, renovations to the 1st and 2nd halls for the first time in nearly 30 years, as well as renovations to the gymnasium lobby and cafetorium. The school also added signage to the outside of the new building welcoming students. The school also went a renumbering of the halls.

Administration and curriculum
From 1968 to 1981, Ewell L. Rowley was principal. A former agriculture teacher, he was charged with the difficult task of opening the school and guiding it during its formative years.

In summer 1981, Lawrence F. "Moose" Matulich, a former mathematics teacher and head football coach, was named the second principal. Mr. Matulich's daughter, Mary Lou Jordan, served as the Principal of Riverside Elementary School in Pearl River from 1992 to her retirement in June 2018.

Louis Austin was appointed the third principal in 1987 and, like Rowley, he was a former agriculture teacher.

Ronald "Ron" Styron became Pearl River's principal in 1992, having been assistant principal under Austin. He began a program incorporating principles of site-based management which included greater decision-making on the part of the faculty and staff.

Karen M. DeVillier was named Pearl River's first female principal and stayed from 1998 to 2003.

PRHS has been led by principal Michael E. Winkler since 2003. In 2010, he was given the 'Principal of the Year' award for St. Tammany Parish. He retired from the post of Principal on June 14, 2018. John Priola, former principal at Boyet Junior High in Slidell, Louisiana was appointed the school's new principal in May 2018 and has since assumed his post as principal.

Pearl River's strong elective program, including vocational courses, complemented a full range of traditional academic subjects. In 1985, the Board of Elementary and Secondary Education changed the diploma requirements, which triggered a curricular shift to one of a college preparatory nature.

Because of the increase in the number of credits needed for a diploma and the type of academic requirements, it became necessary in 1988 to move from a six-period to a seven-period day. This extra credit per school year afforded students a greater chance of graduating within the usual four year time frame. The school still runs of a seven-period  day with two lunches due to construction during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 school years. It also stimulated curricular expansion which included classes such as speech, newspaper, yearbook, psychology, twentieth century American history, gifted and talented, AP calculus and a multitude of dual-enrollment courses.

As the population of at-risk students increased parish-wide, so did the number of programs aimed at meeting their needs. Career Opportunity Preparation Education (COPE), Focus on Youth (FOCUS), and Technical Instruction of Mainstreamed Students (TIMS), are some of the major initiatives to address the special concerns of this new student population.

Athletics
Pearl River High athletics competes in the LHSAA.

References

External links
Pearl River High School
History of Pearl River High School
Class of 2012 website

Public high schools in Louisiana
Schools in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana
Educational institutions established in 1968
1968 establishments in Louisiana


Gallus Dressler (16 October 1533 – 1580/9) was a German composer and music theorist who served as Kantor in the church school at Magdeburg. Though a few of his works have remained in the choral repertoire, he is best known for his theoretical writings, especially his Praecepta musicae poeticae (MS, 1563), which contains some of the earliest detailed description of the compositional process of the Renaissance motet.

Life

Dressler was born in Nebra in Thuringia, but probably received most of his musical education in the Netherlands. He seems particularly influenced by Clemens non papa, and a perusal of the musical examples he cites in his theoretical writings shows that he was strongly influenced by the Franco-Flemish generation immediately following Josquin des Prez.

After a brief tenure at Jena in 1558, Dressler succeeded Martin Agricola as Kantor of the church school in Magdeburg, where most of his career was spent. His compositions were almost entirely in the genre of the Latin motet, largely ignoring the Lutheran chorale, though he is noted for some of the first German-language motets.

Dressler studied at Wittenberg, receiving the master's degree in 1570, and was closely associated with the Philippists. In fact, when the more orthodox wing of Lutheranism became ascendant in Magdeburg, Dressler left for a position in Anhalt.

Praecepta musicae poeticae

Dressler's chief contribution comes to us in this unpublished manuscript, which from its organization and tone may have been his notes for teaching composition classes. As such it is one of the first sources to give in detail a practical approach to the composition of the Renaissance motet. Dressler's explication of musica poetica can be summarized in two principles: the application of the rhetorical principles of exordium, medio, and finis to the structure of a motet, and the application of the grammatical principle of a "clausula" (sentence) to smaller musical units demarcated by cadences.

The modal aspect of Dressler's musical poetics agrees in principle with that of Pietro Pontio and other contemporary theorists, but Dressler takes it a step further by teaching the use of the principal cadences of the given musical mode (cadences to the final and dominant degrees) to assert stability in the exordium and the finis, and cadences to other degree during the medio to provide contrast and interest.

Dressler's treatise also includes a brief but perceptive sketch in which he identifies four phases in the history of Renaissance music: the John Dunstaple/Guillaume Dufay generation, Josquin des Prez, the post-Josquin generation (dominated, in his mind, by Clemens non papa), and Dressler's own contemporaries.

The Latin text as published by Bernhard Engelke in Geschichtsblätter für Stadt und Land Magdeburg, XLIX-L (1914-1915) is available online through Thesaurus Musicarum Latinarum, but it is somewhat flawed. A new critical text and English translation by Robert Forgacs was published in 2007 by the University of Illinois Press.

References

External links

 Praecepta musicae poeticae from Thesaurus Musicarum Latinarum (Engelke's transcription)

1533 births
1580s deaths
People from Nebra (Unstrut)
German music theorists
16th-century German composers
16th-century writers in Latin


The Silver Island Range, also called the Silver Island Mountains, is a mountain range in Utah, United States, situated the northwest corner of Tooele County and the southwest corner of Box Elder County, about  northeast of Wendover.

The Silver Island Range lies at the west perimeter of the Great Salt Lake Desert; the southeast flank of the range is on the northwest border of the Bonneville Salt Flats.

Geography
The Silver Island Range is a rough triangular area which extends  into Utah from the Utah - Nevada border, with the Pilot Valley Playa to the west and the Great Salt Lake Desert to the east. The wilderness area includes  with sloping stream terraces, foothills, canyons, and steep mountains. Elevation starts at  at the base of the range, to more than  at the summits. The four tallest peaks in the range are Graham Peak, at , Campbell Peak , Jenkins Peak , and Cobb Peak, at . Other peaks include Tetzlaff Peak, Rishel Peak, and Volcano Peak. With no perennial streams, vegetation on the rocky slopes is sparse, consisting of juniper, sagebrush, ricegrass and ephedra along with other desert shrubs and grasses.

Geology
Bedrock in the range includes faulted and folded fossil bearing limestones. The slopes of the range have been terraced by shoreline erosion and deposition from Lake Bonneville.

History
Historically, several caves in the Silver Island Range served as habitation for Native Americans. The range also played a role in the more recent mining history of the region, and stood as both a barrier and landmark to pioneers who crossed the inhospitable Salt Lake Desert. Donner Canyon in the northeast section of the range bears the name of the Donner-Reed party, who passed north of the area on the Hastings Cutoff.

Modern uses
The Silver Island Range is used for all-terrain vehicle driving, camping, caving, hiking, hunting, mining, and rockhounding.

References

External links

 Silver Island Mountain National Back Country Byway

Great Salt Lake Desert
Mountain ranges of the Great Basin
Mountain ranges of Box Elder County, Utah
Mountain ranges of Tooele County, Utah
Mountain ranges of Utah


Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide (2-Butyllysergamide, LSB) is an analogue of LSD originally developed by Richard Pioch at Eli Lilly in the 1950s, but mostly publicised through research conducted by the team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University. It is a structural isomer of LSD, with the two ethyl groups on the amide nitrogen having been replaced by a single sec-butyl group, joined at the 2-position. It is one of the few lysergamide derivatives to exceed the potency of LSD in animal drug discrimination assays, with the (R) isomer having an ED50 of 33nmol/kg for producing drug-appropriate responding, vs 48nmol/kg for LSD itself. The corresponding (R)-2-pentyl analogue has higher binding affinity for the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, but is less potent in producing drug-appropriate responding, suggesting that the butyl compound has a higher efficacy at the receptor target. The drug discrimination assay for LSD in rats involves both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A mediated components, and while lysergic acid 2-butyl amide is more potent than LSD as a 5-HT1A agonist, it is slightly less potent as a 5-HT2A agonist, and so would probably be slightly less potent than LSD as a hallucinogen in humans. The main use for this drug has been in studies of the binding site at the 5-HT2A receptor through which LSD exerts most of its pharmacological effects, with the stereoselective activity of these unsymmetric monoalkyl lysergamides foreshadowing the subsequent development of compounds such as lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide (LSZ).

See also
 Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide
 Methylisopropyllysergamide

References

Lysergamides
Eli Lilly and Company brands
Designer drugs


StarGeezer is an album by  folk artist "Spider" John Koerner, released in 1996. Some of the songs are re-recordings of titles previously released by Koerner on albums that are no longer in print.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Thom Owens wrote, "There aren't any standout songs, but the entire album has a relaxed, welcoming vibe that makes it quite a pleasant listen." Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly called StarGeezer "a rootsy album of traditional folk and wry originals," and added that Koerner "shows that four decades of obscurity haven't diminished his talent for making engaging music out of wholly familiar elements."

Track listing
All songs traditional unless otherwise noted.
 "Intro" (traditional) – 0:40
 "Jack of Diamonds" – 2:28
 "Going Down Together" (John Koerner, Willie Murphy) – 3:17
 "Rattlesnake" – 1:37
 "Danville Girl" – 3:30
 "Last Lonesome Blues" (Koerner) – 4:19
 "Stewball" – 4:18
 "The Skipper and His Wife" – 3:29
 "Casey Jones" – 3:11
 "When First unto This Country" – 2:09
 "Thief River Falls" (Koerner, Murphy) – 2:54
 "Phoebe" – 3:13
 "The Days of Forty-Nine" – 3:06
 "The Golden Vanity" – 3:22
 "Some People Say" – 4:07
 "Taking My Time" – 5:41
 "Stardust" – 4:19

Personnel
"Spider" John Koerner – guitar, harmonica, vocals
Willie Murphy – piano, percussion, bass, vocals
Johnny Vidacovich – drums
Jan Cornish – percussion
Bill Hinkley – vocals
Reggie Houston – sax, percussion, shaker
Judy Larson – vocals
Eric Peltoniemi – vocals
Production notes
Willie Murphy – producer, mixing
Bob Feldman – executive producer
Mark Bingham – engineer
Chris Frymire – editing, pre-mastering
David Glasser – mastering
Tom Mudge – mixing
Eric Peltoniemi – coordination, mixing
Dan Corrigan – photography
Linda Beauvais – artwork, design

References

1996 albums
John Koerner albums
Albums produced by Willie Murphy (musician)


Washington County Railroad or Railway may refer to:
Washington County Railroad (1980), short line in Vermont
Washington County Railroad (1900–1901), predecessor of the Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railway in Pennsylvania
Washington County Railroad (1856–1868), predecessor of the Southern Pacific Company in Texas
Washington County Railroad (1864), predecessor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in Maryland
Washington County Railway (1903–1911), predecessor of the Maine Central Railroad in Maine
Washington County Railroad (1893–1903), predecessor of the above


S. K. Shivakumar (1953 – 13 April 2019) was an Indian scientist from Karnataka state who worked at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) centres. He was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015.

Early life and education
Shivakumar was born in 1953 in Mysore in Mysore State (now Karnataka), India. He earned a BSc from Mysore University followed by a BE in Electrical Communications Engineering and an MTech in Physical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He received PhD in Electronics from Kuvempu University in 2014.

Career
He joined the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and started his career at its ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), Sriharikota in 1976. He later worked in its Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre (ISAC) from 1978 to 1998. He was the project director for the development of the  dish antenna of the Indian Deep Space Network which is used for telemetry for the missions such as the Chandrayaan-1, India's first lunar exploration mission and Mangalyaan, India's first interplanetary mission.

He was involved in several satellite missions such as Bhaskara, Indian National Satellite System (INSAT), Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment (APPLE) and Indian Remote Sensing Programme (IRS). Shivakumar was the mission director of the IRS-1B and IRS-1C satellite missions. He also served as the director of the ISTRAC between September 1998 and November 2010. Shivakumar was later the associate director of the ISAC from November 2010 to June 2012 and director of the program from July 2012 to March 2015. As of 2019, he was serving as chairman of Karnataka Science and Technology Council.

Death
He died on 13 April 2019 at the age of 66 in Bangalore and was cremated at the Banashankari Crematorium. The cause of death was reported to be post-hepatic jaundice.

Awards

Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015
Karnataka Rajyotsava Award (2008)
Nadoja Award (2013)
Honorary Doctorate (DSc) by the Mysore University

References

1953 births
2019 deaths
Kannada people
Scientists from Mysore
Indian Space Research Organisation people
Indian lunar exploration programme
Indian Institute of Science alumni
Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
20th-century Indian engineers
Engineers from Karnataka
Recipients of the Rajyotsava Award 2008


Moritz Memorial Airport  is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile (2 km) northwest of the central business district of Beloit, a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States.

Facilities and aircraft
Moritz Memorial Airport covers an area of  which contains three runways: 04/22 with a 2,281 x 110 ft (726 x 34 m) turf surface, 08/26 with a 1,658 x 90 ft (505 x 27m) turf surface, and 17/35 with a 3,610 x 60 ft (1100 x 18 m) concrete surface.

For the 12-month period ending May 20, 2008, the airport had 20,000 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 55 per day. At that time there were 13 aircraft based at this airport:
100% single-engine.

References

External links

Airports in Kansas
Buildings and structures in Mitchell County, Kansas


The 1930–31 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's 22nd season. The Montreal Canadiens defeated the Chicago Black Hawks three games to two in a best-of-five Stanley Cup Finals for their second consecutive Cup win and fourth in team history.

Regular season
Howie Morenz led the league in scoring.

Final standings

Record vs. opponents

Schedule and results

Playoffs
The Canadiens, by placing first, received a bye to the semi-finals where they met the Boston Bruins, who had won the American Division. The Canadiens took the best-of-five series three games to two to advance to the final.

Finals

Montreal Canadiens vs. Chicago Black Hawks

Montreal wins best-of-five series 3–2.

Player statistics

Regular season
Scoring

Goaltending

Playoffs
Scoring

Goaltending

Awards and records
 O'Brien Cup – winner of Canadian division

Transactions

See also
1930–31 NHL season

References

Montreal Canadiens seasons
Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens
Stanley Cup championship seasons


Stanley Meltzoff (March 27, 1917 - November 9, 2006) was an American painter most known for his marine paintings.

Early life and career
Born in New York City to father Nathan, a cantor at a Manhattan synagogue, Stanley Meltzoff graduated from the City College of New York and became an instructor at Pratt Institute.  Serving in Italy during World War II, he was an artist and journalist for the U.S. military magazine Stars and Stripes. He also created visuals for Puptent Poets, a paperback of soldiers' verse.

Returning to New York City after the war, he spent years alternating between teaching and art before becoming a full-time illustrator in 1949.

Later career
During the 1950s, Meltzoff created dozens of paperback covers for novels by Robert Heinlein and others, and did artwork for Madison Avenue advertising agencies. He painted covers and interior spreads for magazines including Life, National Geographic, The Saturday Evening Post, and The Atlantic, providing covers to Scientific American.

With the advent of low-cost color photography and reproduction in the early 1960s, Meltzoff began painting saltwater game fish in their undersea environments. His marine-life art ran in such magazines as Sports Illustrated, Field and Stream, Gray's Sporting Journal, Outdoor Life, Sporting Classics, Sports Afield, and Wildlife Art.

Perhaps his most famous artwork is the cover for the 1976 Bell System directory, commemorating both the United States Bicentennial and the centennial of the invention of the telephone. Based on Norman Rockwell's The Gossips, Meltzoff depicts America's great historical and iconic figures using the telephone. It became the biggest selling directory in the company's history.

Recognition
Meltzoff's art hangs in The National Gallery and the Getty Museum.

Personal life
Meltzoff was a member of the Society of Animal Artists.

Meltzoff died in 2006 at age 89.

References

External links
 Official website

20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
Animal artists
Wildlife artists
1917 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American male artists


In the Middle Ages, Charles's Cross (), high in the Pyrenees, marked the frontier between the Kingdom of Navarre and the Duchy of Gascony, specifically the boundary between the Diocese of Bayonne and the Diocese of Pamplona. It was located in the Col de Cize just north of Roncesvalles on the Way of Saint James.

History
According to legend, owing primarily to the Liber peregrinationis of Aymeric Picaud, the cross was planted by Charlemagne when he first crossed the Pyrenees on his way to Zaragoza in 778. He reportedly said a prayer to Saint James at the site, thus inaugurating the cult of James in Spain some thirty six years before his relics were rediscovered. The first reference to a cross named after Charles is in an episcopal charter of Bayonne, dated 980. A bull of Pope Paschal II in 1106 refers to the limits of the French kingdom as the vallis que Cirsia dicitur usque Caroli crucem (valley called Cizes as far as Charles's cross). José María Lacarra (1907–1987) affirmed that the cross was originally only a diocesan boundary, of Carolingian provenance, and was associated with the Way of Saint James. The famous Spanish historian Ramón Menéndez Pidal argued that the cross was an important stage in the pilgrim's journey because it marked their entrance into Spain.

The cross named after Charles was in fact only one of many crosses, known as the croix bornales, that once marked the diocesan (and international) boundary in the Pyrenees between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries. Crosses sited near settlements were usually of stone. Those located further up in the mountains were usually of iron, because they were easier to transport and cheaper to manufacture. The ferrous landmarks explain the Basque toponym gurutzgorris and the Spanish cruces rojas, both meaning "red crosses".

In 1160 the Vézelay Chronicle recorded the cross as the southern boundary of the domain of Eleanor of Aquitaine when she married Louis VII of France. The twelfth-century Liber mentions not only the cross, but also the hospice called Rotolandus, Charlemagne's chapel, and the rock split by Durendal, the sword of Roland, and his tomb at Blaye. The cross is mentioned in Ralph of Diceto, who says that as a result of Richard I's campaigns in 1194 "from the castle of Verneuil until one arrives at Charles's Cross no rebels exist" (a castello Vernolii quousque veniatur ad crucem Karoli nullus ei rebellis existat). The Annales sancti Albini andegavensis (or Annales de Saint- Aubin) record that when John became King of England in 1199 he "acquired all the kingdom which was his father's as far as the cross of King Charles" (adquisivit totum regnum quod erat patris sui usque ad crucem Caroli regis).

Location
Researchers have proposed various interpretations of the evidence for the cross's location for centuries. In 1637, the Basque Arnauld de Oihenart, in his Notitia utriusque Vasconie, concluded that Charles's Cross had occupied a site that was then under the chapel of San Salvador de Ibañeta. The Béarnais Pierre de Marca followed in him in this identification. Around the turn of the twentieth century, two canons of Bayonne, Victor Pierre Dubarat (1849–1912) and Jean-Baptiste Daranatz (1869–1937), wrote that in the twelfth century the site of San Salvador de Ibañeta had been covered by nothing but Charles's Cross and the thousands of other crosses placed there by pilgrims on the Way of Saint James. According to Lacarra, this conclusion is based on a misinterpretation of the Liber peregrinationis.

Other historians around the turn of the twentieth century placed the cross on the Roman road that passed through the mountains. The historian Jean de Jaurgain (1842–1920) believed the cross was located near Arnéguy and Valcarlos, and even identified it with the now lost "Capeyron Roge", in fact a pilgrim hospital. The historical cross which confused him was a diocesan marker, which he found labeled "Curutchegorry" on an eighteenth-century map. Louis Colas (1869–1929) was so convinced that Charlemagne had planted the cross atop the summit of Orzanzurieta, the highest peak in the region, when he repaired the road to Zaragoza, then he climbed the Pyrenees in search of its remains in 1910. The remains of a cross he did report, but these were shown to be the remains of a trigonometric column used by the military.

Others have differed in their readings of Aymeric Picaud. Piarres Narbaitz Caillava (1910–1984) denied that the cross could have been as high up as Colas suggested and still be accessible to pilgrims. He interpreted Picaud as saying it was in a "marvellous mount", which he identified with the Col de Cizes, but still on the Roman road. Pidal proposed the peak of Astobizcar, the highest point of the route through Lepoeder, but Jimeno Jurío demonstrated that this was a misreading of Picaud, who said not that the cross was located at the fastigium (highest point) but was visible from it in summitate eiusdem monti (on a lesser summit of its mountains).

A cross outside Roncesvalles was placed in the fifteenth century by a prior of the collegiate church.

Notes

Tourist attractions in Navarre
Landmarks in France
Camino de Santiago
France–Spain border


PCH Games (formerly Candystand.com) is a casual game portal owned by Publishers Clearing House and based in New York City.  Launched in 1997 as The Candystand, by LifeSavers Company, a division of Nabisco, Inc., it was the first major advergame portal available on the World Wide Web.  The site was created for LifeSavers by Skyworks Technologies, an online video game company founded in 1996 by Activision veterans Garry Kitchen and David Crane. In August 2008, Candystand was acquired by Funtank from the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company.

In December 2010, Publishers Clearing House acquired Candystand.com from Funtank and retained executives Scott Tannen and James Baker.

Candystand is regarded for having a catalog of over 100+ Flash and Shockwave games.  Some of its most popular games include Candystand Billiards, Candystand MiniGolf, Monster Trucks Unleashed, Vector Tower Defense (Vector TD), Slipstream and Fancy Pants Adventure 2.

In February 2016, PCH revamped the site, removing most of the games and emphasizing the lottery aspects over the games. In March 2016, Candystand.com was discontinued by PCH.

Key events

March 30, 1997: Nabisco, managed through its Life Savers portfolio, launches Candystand.com.

2001: Nabisco is acquired by Kraft Foods. After Kraft's acquisition of Nabisco, the tagline "The Hottest Games Online" is introduced.

Spring 2003: Candystand.com did a voting poll on what will be the 5 new flavors for the Life Savers Five Flavor variety.

February 2007: Candystand.com became one of the first free game portals to offer an interface for the Wii at Wii.Candystand.com

November 2008: Candystand.com launched its first iPhone game, Blackbeard's Assault for iPhone

January 12, 2009: Candystand.com launched Slipstream 2 a sequel to one of the site's most popular games, created by Silent Bay Studios.

June 2009: Candystand rebranded their website with a new layout and the new title "The Sweetest Games Online".

July 1, 2009: Candystand.com launched Let's Dance a rhythm-dance game built in collaboration with Disney and featuring Hannah Montana.

August 2009: Candystand becomes first major game portal to integrate Facebook Connect.

January 2010: several Candystand games are made available on the PSP as well as the iPhone.  Ported titles include Vector TD, Virble, Electric Box and Match Maker.

March 2010: Candystand partners with The Walt Disney Company to integrate Pixie Hollow, a virtual world based on the Disney Fairies and Tinker Bell, directly on the Candystand.com website.

May 2010: In partnership with Trident gum, Candystand.com created and launched a new game titled Trident Layers Factory.  This game marks the first of several new games being developed for Cadbury Adams brands in 2010.

March 2016: Candystand.com has been discontinued and has been replaced by Publishers Clearing House Games.

References

External links
 Candystand.com

Web portals
Browser-based game websites
Internet properties established in 1997


The Aveiro lagoon (Ria de Aveiro) is a lagoon in Portugal. It is located on the Atlantic coast of Portugal, south of the municipality of Espinho and north of Mira (to the north of the Cape Mondego). Its average area covers approximately . It is named after the city of Aveiro, which is the chief urban centre located near to the lagoon. Other urban centres near the Ria de Aveiro are Ílhavo, Gafanha da Nazaré, Estarreja, Ovar and Esmoriz. Some beaches nearby include those of Barra, Costa Nova, Torreira, Vagueira, Furadouro, Cortegaça and Praia de Mira. There are also beaches in the São Jacinto Peninsula.

The Aveiro Lagoon is beyond a mere geographical feature of Portugal. This  long lagoon stands as one of Europe's last remaining untouched coastal marshland. It is also a haven for numerous bird species. The locals call this rich lagoon Ria de Aveiro. Tourism and aquaculture are the mainstay of the Aveiro Lagoon region. It is also renowned for its artisan fishing and as a center for the collection of flor de sal, an expensive salt variety.

References

Lagoons of Portugal
Geography of Aveiro District
Natura 2000 in Portugal


The 2008 The Coffee Club V8 Supercar Challenge is the eleventh round of the 2008 V8 Supercar season. It was held on the weekend of the 24 to 26 October at the Surfers Paradise Street Circuit in Queensland.

Qualifying
Qualifying rounds for the race were held on Friday the 24 October 2008.

Race 1
Race 1 was held on Saturday the 25 October 2008.

Race 2
Race 2 was held on Sunday the 26 October 2008.

Race 3
Race 3 was held on Sunday the 26 October 2008.

Other categories
The 2008 Nikon Indy 300 had five categories (including V8 Supercars) of racing.

References

External links
Official timing and results

Coffee Club V8 Supercar Challenge
Gold Coast Indy 300
Sports competitions on the Gold Coast, Queensland


James Martin Taylor (November 27, 1930 – September 4, 1970) was a United States Air Force astronaut and test pilot. Although he trained for the USAF Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL), the program was cancelled before any of the MOL crews reached space.

Taylor was born November 27, 1930, in Stamps, Arkansas, and graduated from the University of Michigan with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1959. He joined the USAF and trained as a test pilot, graduating from the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School in class 63A and MOL. In 1965, he was selected as one of the first astronauts to the Air Force's classified Manned Orbital Laboratory. The MOL program, canceled in 1969 before sending any astronauts into space, was to man a military space station with Air Force astronauts using a modified Gemini spacecraft. The history of the MOL program was presented in the Public Television series NOVA episode called Astrospies which first aired February 12, 2008.

After the MOL program cancellation, Taylor continued his USAF career as an instructor at the Test Pilot School and served as deputy commandant. On September 4, 1970, he and French air force exchange test pilot trainee, Pierre J. du Bucq, were killed when their T-38 aircraft crashed during a training mission at Palmdale Regional Airport. The crash was caused by severe wake turbulence from a C-141 that was performing touch-and-goes on an intersecting runway. At the time of his death, Taylor held the rank of lieutenant colonel. In memory of Taylor, the Test Pilot School presented the James M. Taylor Award to the outstanding graduate of the Experimental Test Pilot Course (Phase 1). The award was discontinued after class 71B when the school's curriculum was revised to eliminate the Phase I and II designation.

Attended by his fellow MOL astronauts, Taylor was buried at McChord Air Force Base in Pierce County, Washington. He is survived by his wife, Jacquelyn, and three children.

References

External links

1930 births
1970 deaths
Accidental deaths in California
American astronauts
American test pilots
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
People from Stamps, Arkansas
United States Air Force officers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1970


Profil was a Norwegian literary magazine which had great influence in the late 1960s and the 1970s. The magazine was founded in 1938 as Filologen, a house organ for the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Oslo. Its name was changed to Profil in 1959. In 1966 the magazine was taken over by a group of radical students. They opposed established literary views, and introduced the modernist literature. The circle of writers that emerged are often referred to as the "Profil Generation".

Modernism
Among the contributors to the magazine were Jan Erik Vold, Dag Solstad, Tor Obrestad, Espen Haavardsholm, Eldrid Lunden, Liv Køltzow, Paal-Helge Haugen, Einar Økland and Stein Mehren. Realistic novels and symbolist poetry were attacked, while modernist literature was introduced and supported. In addition, the magazine was employed as a forum to discuss modernism and Marxism.

Political period
Between 1959 and 1966 Profil was a student magazine. In 1966 the magazine's editorial board was taken over by a literary group who named themselves as a new generation of modernists.

From 1968 and onwards several of the Profil writers became politically left wing activists, and started writing political poems, songs and novels. Examples of so-called working class literature are Obrestad's poetry collection Vårt daglege brød (1968), Haavardsholm's novel Zink (1971), Solstad's novel Arild Asnes 1970 (1971) and Obrestad's novel Sauda! Streik! (1972). Liv Køltzow's novel Hvem bestemmer over Bjørg og Unni? (1972) is regarded as Norway's first example of militant and socialist feminism.

Profil became a forum for Maoists in the country from 1970 to 1981.

Song books
The Profil songbooks were eight books issued 1972–1975, subtitled Songar frå folkets kamp.

Post-modernism
The magazine disappeared in 1981. It was relaunched in 1984 as a general cultural magazine and was closed in 1989. Some of the most profiled political writers from the 1970s later concluded that the working class literature experiment was a failure.

References

1938 establishments in Norway
1989 disestablishments in Norway
Communist magazines
Defunct literary magazines published in Europe
Defunct magazines published in Norway
Literary magazines published in Norway
Magazines established in 1938
Magazines disestablished in 1989
Magazines published in Oslo
Norwegian-language magazines


The Allegheny Athletic Association was an athletic club that fielded the first ever professional American football player and later the first fully professional football team.  The organization was founded in 1890 as a regional athletic club in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, which is today the North Side of Pittsburgh.

History

Origins
The Allegheny team was assembled in 1890. At that time athletic clubs and associations, ranging from the best with extensive facilities to local organizations with minimum meeting rooms, were in their prime as a source of fraternal fellowship for athletes. In most sports, Allegheny provided very little competition for the more established East End Gymnastic Club (EEGC), which in 1892 became the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. Allegheny soon took up football largely when the club discovered that it could give them a recruiting edge over the East Enders. Many Allegheny club members had gone to eastern colleges and played football. Members O. D. Thompson and John Moorehead, were former teammates of Walter Camp, the inventor of the modern game, who had become a successful Pittsburgh lawyer. The team also immediately gave Allegheny a strong following since the East Enders did not have a football team at the time. Allegheny's backfield during that inaugural year had A. S. Valentine, at quarterback; two track stars in Harry Oliver and Harry Fry as the halfbacks; and O.D. Thompson at fullback.

In what may have been the first official football game in modern-day Pittsburgh, the club's inaugural season began on October 11, 1890, when Allegheny played the Western University of Pennsylvania  (later renamed the University of Pittsburgh) at Exposition Park, on what is today the parking area between PNC Park and Heinz Field, in front of a crowd of 500 spectators. Allegheny won the game easily, 38–0, but the contest was significant since it marked the official start of Pitt's football program. Prior to the game, Allegheny was to play Shady Side Academy, however the team failed to show up for the game and were replaced by the Western University team. Allegheny went on to defeat Shady Side Academy a week later, 32–0.

Although the eleven players styled themselves the "All-Pittsburghs", they were really a collection of local athletes masquerading as a team.
Significantly, several of the pick-ups were members of the East End Gym such as L. F. Kirchner and Grant Dibert. This game foreshadowed the start of the upcoming rivalry between Allegheny and the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. Allegheny would go on to defeat the inexperienced team by a score of 22–6.

November 1, 1890 Allegheny scheduled a game against the Princeton University Preparatory team, paying them $150. The prep team was a far cry from the Princeton's varsity team. Allegheny would end up losing to the touring Princeton team, 44–6. The season concluded with a 6–6 tie with the Detroit Athletic Club and a 6–4 loss to the Cleveland Athletic Club, both amateur club squads. However, the Allegheny Athletic Association was regarded as the local champions that season.

Threat from Pittsburgh
Allegheny began their 1891 season recognized as the premier football team in western Pennsylvania. The year began with the club's admission into the Amateur Athletic Union, which increased the prestige of the club that their membership of more than 330 now equalled that of the older Pittsburgh Athletic Club (still officially called the East End Gym at the time). However, by early October, the Pittsburgh club emerged onto the football scene. At this time, Harry Fry, who was in the line-up for Allegheny a year earlier, jumped to East End team.

Allegheny finally began their 1891 season on October 24. Their line-up included veteran players A.S. Valentine, Ed Brainard, Harry and John Oliver, O.D. Thompson and John Moorehead. Norman McClintock, formerly of Yale, was a new addition for the team at end.  Surprisingly though, Doc Proctor of the East End team appeared in Allegheny's starting backfield that day. The team played against the Greensburg Athletic Association to post a 10–0 win. However a week later Allegheny lost to the Cleveland Athletic Club, led by Billy Rhodes, 22–4.

A November 11, 1891, game against the Dayton Athletic Club, a dispute arose over the rules of the, still relatively new, game of football. When the game was over, the score stood either 10–6 Dayton or 10–6 Allegheny, or possibly 6–6, depending on just how the rules were applied. To resolve the dispute a claim was filed directly to the modern game's founder, Walter Camp. Despite Allegheny's O.D. Thompson being Camp's student and friend, the decision by Camp ended in a 10–6 Dayton victory. However, after losing two games in a row, Allegheny was able to climb back to .500 with an 8–4 rally over Washington & Jefferson. However, in order of putting together a competitive team, Allegheny had to convince two brothers, Ross and Lawson Fiscus, for the Greensburg Athletic Association, to play for them. Without the Fiscus brothers in their line-up, the game would have possibly ended in another Allegheny loss. Meanwhile, the East End team finished posting a six-game winning streak.

Sports fans in the area soon demanded a game between East End and Allegheny. Manager O.D. Thompson tried to avoid the issue, even after he was accused of cowardice by critics. Thompson secretly knew how good the East End team was and feared of what a one-sided loss to their arch-rivals might do to the club's memberships and clubhouse subscriptions. Thompson even had to recruit not only the Fiscus brothers but also Doc Proctor and Grant Dibert of East End to fill out his backfield for the final scheduled game. So under the circumstances, Allegheny was in no condition to play a high-stakes game against East End.

The team's final game of the season, was a rematch against the Cleveland Athletic Club. Allegheny's additions of Dibert, Proctor and the Fiscus brother made the match-up more even. Meanwhile, Cleveland's, Billy Rhodes, did not make the trip to Allegheny. The game played At Exhibition Park, ended in a 6–6 tie, after the game was called due to darkness. After the game, O.D. Thompson announced his retirement as the club's manager. However newspaper reports in the Pittsburgh Post hinted that Thompson was forced out as the team's manager. The paper stated that unnamed club officials were very critical of how the football team was being run. Many were critical over Thompson fielding the team with East End players.  However Thompson's defenders pointed out that the manager of an amateur team had very few ways to compel his men to do anything. They further stated that had Thompson not used East End players he might have had to ask for volunteers from the crowd. Also the falling attendance for the club's games was mainly due to the inclement weather that was experienced in the area throughout the autumn. But finally it was stated that a game with East End might have hurt the clubs reputation more than it would have helped bringing in money to the organization.

Path to professional football

Up until now, there was no proof of professional athletes being used in western Pennsylvania sports. However, there were some questions as to why the Fiscus brother were willing to travel over 30 miles to play for Allegheny when they had a perfectly good team in Greensburg. Or why Doc Proctor, Grant Dibert, and a couple of other Pittsburgh players performed for Allegheny, while the Pittsburgh club was outraged over Allegheny's refusal to schedule a game with them. However, these examples could be ascribed to enthusiasm by the players and persuasiveness by the team managers.

The 1892 season would showcase the first two games of the Pittsburgh-Allegheny rivalry. On October 8, Allegheny played its only warm-up game against the Indiana Normal School at Exposition Park. Norman McClintock would score four touchdowns in a 20–6 Allegheny win. New changes to the team included tackle, W.W. Blunt, who was listed as team captain, while guard Billy Kountz replaced Thompson as the team's manager. The reason that Allegheny played in only one exhibition game was so that the team could effectively hide its strengths and weaknesses from Pittsburgh's scouts. The game between was scheduled for October 21, Columbus Day, to be played at Pittsburgh's field.

Animosity between the two clubs remained high. The latest incident involved quarterback A.S. Valentine, who jumped to the Pittsburgh team at the beginning of the 1892 season and played in their first two games. However, without warning, he suddenly jumped back to Allegheny. Some accused Allegheny of enticing him back, while others, charged he had all along been a spy for Allegheny all along. Gamblers and odds-makers listed the Pittsburgh team as slight favorites because the game would be played on their home field and because they had more experience working together.
Shortly before the game, the Pittsburgh A.C. was in need of a replacement at center, due to their regular player being injured. Pittsburgh captain Charley Aull, reportedly told the officials from both teams that he had just run into an old friend named "Stayer", who agreed to play in the game at center. Both teams agreed to let "Stayer" play. The hard-fought game between the two clubs ended in a 6–6 tie, with L. F. Kirchner (for Pittsburgh) and Doc Proctor scoring the game's only scores. As a result of the contest, the two clubs divided $1,200 in gate receipts and each processed about 100 new members in the following two months.

The game only added fuel to rivalry as Pittsburgh accused the Allegheny of dirty play to purposely injure Kirchner. Meanwhile, Allegheny countered that Kirchner was a professional who didn't belong on the field anyway. Meanwhile, Allegheny's E.V. Paul announced that he was willing to bet anyone that Pittsburgh had indeed used a professional in the game. Suspicion soon focused on the mysterious Pittsburgh player "Stayer". Allegheny soon began with accusing "Stayer" of being a hired player after the supposedly injured player he replaced appeared healthy the next day when Pittsburgh had another game. It was soon discovered that "Strayers" real name was A.C. Read, the captain of the Penn State University football team. The revelation came a shocker to sports fans in the area. Now neither club would hesitate to take the final step to professionalism. The rematch was scheduled to be played in three weeks.

On the day of the rematch between the two clubs, Sport Donnelly, William C. Malley and Pudge Heffelfinger of the Chicago Athletic Association Football team appeared in the Allegheny line-up. Pittsburgh objected to the new additions in the line-up and the game was originally called a 6–0 forfeit after the Pittsburgh players walked off the field in protest. However O.D. Thompson reappeared and reclaimed his position as Allegheny manager. After arguments and deliberations, the players took the field. The game ended in a 4–0 Allegheny win, with Heffelfinger scoring the games only points on a 35-yard fumble recovery for a touchdown. However while the three Chicago players gave Allegheny an advantage, they had never practiced with their new teammates and a lot of mistakes were made. This kept the tight-knit Pittsburgh team competitive throughout the game.

Both teams were upset about the outcome of the game. Allegheny was unable to collect on their bets, while Pittsburgh was angered over the Chicago players being imported into the contest. Pittsburgh called Heffelfinger a paid professional and insisted he had been paid $500 to play in the game. On top of that, the team charged that all three Chicago men had received twice their travel expenses, making them paid professionals. Meanwhile, Allegheny accused Pittsburgh of hiring Simon Martin, who was promised a job at the club for his participation. Both teams threatened to take their complaints to the Amateur Athletic Association, but later backed down after realizing that each team's own activities would be closely scrutinized.

There were reports that some Allegheny players had quit the team rather than be associated with professionalism. While some regular A.A.A. players wanted to be paid for playing. Pittsburgh newspapers, continued to refer to both teams as amateurs while printing most of the charges of professionalism.

First professional player
In the 1960s a man named Nelson Ross, walked into the office of Dan Rooney, the president of the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League. After a brief discussion, the man gave Rooney a typed, 49-page manuscript about the early history of pro football. Ross' examination of Pittsburgh newspapers indicated that the first pro football player actually was Pudge Heffelfinger, an all-American guard from Yale, who was hired play for Allegheny on November 12, 1892, for $500. Up until then John Brallier, of the Latrobe Athletic Association, was considered the first professional football player. The Pro Football Hall of Fame soon discovered a page torn from an 1892 account ledger prepared by Allegheny manager, O.D. Thompson, that included the line item: "Game performance bonus to W. Heffelfinger for playing (cash) $500."

Heffelfinger, who was working as a railroad clerk in Chicago, and had earlier turned down an offer to play for the Pittsburgh Athletic Club for $250. This set off quite a controversy as Pittsburgh A.C. protested the presence of Heffelfinger and other Chicago Athletic Association players. Allegheny retaliated with the fact that Pittsburgh had imported players as well. The game was played at Recreation Park, which was located on Pittsburgh's North Side. The spot is marked by a historic marker.

It later turned out that Heffelfinger received $500 plus $25 in expenses for the game, too much for a low-paid railroad clerk to pass up. Two of his Chicago teammates received “liberal” expense money. Thus, Pudge Heffelfinger now is acknowledged as the first professional football player anywhere. The next week, Allegheny paid former Princeton tight end Ben "Sport" Donnelly $250 to play against Washington & Jefferson, and despite having two pros in their line-up, the Allegheny would go on to lose the game, 8–0.

A professional football club
In 1893, Allegheny and Pittsburgh split two games, with Pittsburgh winning 6–0 at Exposition Park and Allegheny evening the score, 8–4, at Pittsburgh's field. That season Allegheny put Peter Wright, John Van Cleve, and Ollie Rafferty under contract for $50 per game for the season. Other Pittsburgh teams began hiring players, but Allegheny remained the top local football club for the next two years. When the team started slowly, Sport Donnelly was brought in as player-coach, becoming the first man to coach a known professional football team. Donnelly was paid to coach the team, however he still played for them for free.

In 1894 the Allegheny looked to be the stronger of the two teams. They defeated a team from Sewickley, 18–0, Indiana Normal 16–0, and the Carnegie Athletic Club 33–0. A three-game series between Pittsburgh and Allegheny would be played to determine the western Pennsylvania champions. In late October a game was scheduled between Allegheny and Pittsburgh. Nearly 2,000 tickets were sold in advance and the actual crowd at the Pittsburgh Athletic Club was estimated at 3,000. Pittsburgh won the first game of the three game series 6–4. The second game of the series was scheduled for November 6. Prior to the game, an unnamed Pittsburgh player offered the team's signals to Allegheny's Billy Kountz for $20. Allegheny reported the incident to Pittsburgh and the player was dealt with properly. Both team had hired ringers but this offense was considered blatant cheating and unacceptable. Allegheny would go on to win the second game and tie up the series. Just before Thanksgiving the third game was played and ended in a 30–4 Allegheny win. Ross Fiscus scored three touchdowns in the game. Allegheny was awarded a large trophy cup contributed by the Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph. Both clubs admitted to making a couple of thousand dollars on the game. The game's attendance was said to have numbered nearly 10,000 people.

AAU investigation
In September, 1895 the Allegheny found that it was under investigation by the Amateur Athletic Union for secretly paying its players. If the AAU discovered that the Allegheny had been paying players, it would declare the club professional, and no other team would dare play them and the club's membership would dramatically fall. Hoping to avoid punishment, Allegheny simply decided not to field a team in 1895.

First fully professional team

For the 1896 season, the Allegheny organization fielded a completely professional team. However, by 1896, the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), which discouraged professional play, began the process of suspending the Allegheny team for its flagrant violations of amateur rules. Knowing that it would soon be barred from competition by the AAU, the Allegheny Athletic Association defiantly emptied its treasury to import a team of all-stars, including Heffelfinger. The team, the first completely professional team, defeated the Pittsburgh Athletic Club and the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club on consecutive days, both games by shutouts. Then, after its abbreviated two game season, the pro football turmoil had upset the club so much that the sport was dropped.

References

External links

1890 establishments in Pennsylvania
1896 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Allegheny Athletic Association
Defunct American football teams in Pennsylvania
Allegheny Athletic Club
Early professional American football teams in Pennsylvania
American football teams in Pittsburgh
American football teams established in 1890
American football teams disestablished in 1896
Athletic Club football teams and seasons


Beach wrestling at the 2008 Asian Beach Games was held in Bali, Indonesia from 24 October to 25 October 2008. The competition included only men's events for four different weight categories.

Medalists

Medal table

Results

65 kg
24 October

75 kg
25 October

85 kg
24 October

+85 kg
25 October

References
 Official site

2008 Asian Beach Games events
Asian Beach Games
2008
Wrestling competitions in Indonesia


Three Emperors' Corner (, , ) is a former tripoint at the confluence of the Black and White Przemsza rivers, near the towns of Mysłowice, Sosnowiec and Jaworzno in the present-day Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. During the Partitions of Poland, from 1871 to 1918, it marked the place at which the borders of three empires that had divided Poland – the Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary and the German Empire – met.

History
It developed in the aftermath of the Partitions of Poland as a result of the border shifts and regime changes in the 19th century, including the annexation of the Free City of Kraków by the Austrian Empire after the unsuccessful Kraków Uprising in 1846. The left bank of the White Przemsza now belonged to the Austrian Grand Duchy of Cracow (part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy from 1867). While the Upper Silesian right bank of the Black Przemsza had been within the boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire since 1335 and passed in 1742 over from Austria to Prussia, the land between the two tributaries was part of Congress Poland, a de facto protectorate of the Russian Empire according to the Final Act of the 1815 Vienna Congress. However, the spot did not become a Three Emperors' Corner until Prussia merged into the newly created German Empire in 1871. It remained as such till the dissolution of all three empires in the aftermath of World War I and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic in 1918.

A less famous tripoint of those three powers had already existed near the village of Niemirów following the 1795 Third Partition of Poland, which ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Here the Prussian province of New East Prussia and Austrian West Galicia bordered on Russia. The creation of the Duchy of Warsaw on former Prussian territory by Napoleon I in 1807 erased it, and the Duchy's transformation into Congress Poland and the condominium of Kraków in 1815 led to a more stable tripoint at a new location, which lasted for over a century. The Congress Kingdom of Poland would however lose most of its autonomy after the November Uprising in 1830/31 and the January Uprising in 1863/64, later becoming incorporated as Russian Vistula Land (Privislinsky Krai). Finally, until the creation of the German Empire in 1871, the spot was known as the Three Countries' Corner ().

From 1871 it assumed its most famous name: the Three Emperors' Corner. Until World War I, the tripoint was a popular tourist spot, particularly from the German Empire. Two riverboats toured its vicinity, and in 1907, the German authorities had a -high Bismarck tower erected on the Przemsza shore according to the standard Götterdämmerung design by Wilhelm Kreis. As reported in contemporary newspapers, between 3,000 and 8,000 people visited the spot every week.

The tripoint was abolished with the establishment of the Polish voivodeships of Kraków and Kielce on the former Austro-Hungarian and Russian territory in 1919. The German territory also fell to the Polish Silesian Voivodeship upon the Upper Silesian plebiscite in 1921. Finally, in the place of the corner, there was a border of three Polish voivodeships in the interwar period: Silesian voivodeship (Mysłowice), Kraków voivodeship (Jaworzno) and Kielce voivodeship (Sosnowiec). The Bismarck tower survived for a little over a decade, and was briefly renamed the Freedom Tower, before Silesian voivode Michał Grażyński had it demolished from 1933 onwards; the stones were used to build the Cathedral of Christ the King in Katowice.

Currently located in an industrial area, the tripoint is a minor tourist attraction in Poland. Since 2004, it was marked by a memorial plaque, which—slightly incorrectly—referred to the spot as where three territories annexed in the Partitions of Poland met. A new plaque was amended in 2012.

Between 1774 and 1877, a similar imperial tripoint existed by the city of Novoselytsia on the Prut River: the one between the Austrian (in Bukovina), Russian (in Bessarabia) and Ottoman (in the United Principalities) empires.

See also
Holy Alliance
League of the Three Emperors

References

External links

 Old German postcards from Dreikaisereck
 On the Bismarck Tower (Polish/German)

History of Austria-Hungary
History of Poland (1795–1918)
German Empire
Russian Empire
Tourism in Poland
Border tripoints
Mysłowice
1871 establishments in Europe
1918 disestablishments in Europe


George Lamb (born 1979) is an English radio and TV presenter.

George Lamb may also refer to:

George Lamb (politician) (1784–1834), British member of parliament and writer
George Hamilton Lamb (1900–1943), Australian politician and prisoner-of-war

See also
George Lam (born 1947), Hong Kong singer


Pritam Hazarika (born 28 September 1969) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler and wicket-keeper who played for Assam. Hazarika was born in Gauhati.

Hazarika made his first-class debut for the team against Tripura in February 1988, in Assam's final game in the 1987-88 Ranji Trophy. The team won the game by an innings margin, thanks to centuries and then-best innings totals by both Rajkumar Das and Rajesh Borah.

Hazarika made a single appearance in each of the following two seasons, failing to get out of single figures each time. He was a lower-middle order batsman.

External links
Pritam Hazarika at CricketArchive

1969 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Assam cricketers


Samarjit Neogi was an Indian cricketer who played for Assam.

Neogi made a single first-class appearance, during the 1989-90 Ranji Trophy competition, against Orissa. Batting in the upper-middle order, Neogi scored 46 runs in the first innings - the second highest individual score of the innings - and 4 runs in the second.

External links

Indian cricketers
Assam cricketers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)


Sabir Masani is an Indian actor who played the role of Yeda in Satya and similar small and significant roles in Asoka, Company and Bhoot.

Filmography
Satya (1998) as Yedaa
Dil Se.. (1998) as terrorist
Company (2002) as David Khan
Asoka (2001)
Bhoot (2003) as Watchman

References

Indian male film actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Male actors in Hindi cinema


Manoj Bhagawati was an Indian cricketer who played for Assam.

Bhagawati made a single first-class appearance, during the 1988-89 Ranji Trophy competition, against Orissa. Batting as an opener, Bhagawati scored 8 runs in the first innings and 10 runs in the second. He took one catch, and bowled one over in the match.

External links

Indian cricketers
Assam cricketers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)


DCM Textiles, formerly known as Delhi Cloth & General Mills (founded in 1889 by Rai Bahadur Ram Kishen Das Gurwale), is an Indian conglomerate which was initially a textile business which opened its first mill in Delhi. Starting from late 1980s and early 1990s, as a result of legal and financial challenges the company was split into several industry segments under the DCM and DCM Shriram Group branding, (not to be confused with Shriram Group), and diversified in to automotive, bioseeds, cement, chemicals, farms, fertilizers, pvc, sugar, textiles, windows and door, yarns, etc. Some of its entities are DCM Textiles Co at Hisar, DCM Sri Ram Mills, Fenesta, etc.

History

The founder
"Rai Bahadur Ram Kishen Das Gurwale" an Agrawal businessman from Delhi, founded the company in 1889 and its first factory, located in Delhi, took two years to build. The company prospered through 1907 and in 1909 Sir Shri Ram joined the company as an assistant to his father during a period of decline. Under Ram's guidance the company regained a prosperous pace. The company went through a significant financial crisis in 1917 but recovered after it received a large contract from the British Army at the time of the First World War. The mill was engaged primarily in the cotton and sugar trades and became one of the top mills in northern India. The company opened a second cloth mill and two sugar mills in 1925.  It launched DCM Chemical Works in 1941 and Daurala Distillery in 1942. In 1946 it began manufacturing vanaspati.

Expansion in 1960s
Over time the company expanded and had many subsidiaries including Usha International, Bengal Potteries, Jay Engineering Works and Shri Ram Fertilizers. In 1964 the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Bharat Ram, addressed the 76th annual meeting of shareholders.

Fending off hostile takeover in 1980s
In the 1980s the company name was changed to DCM Ltd and it successfully defended a hostile takeover by a UK-based investor. As the eventual result of the failed takeover, DCM was split into four distinct companies in 1990. The four companies were: DCM, DCM Shriram Industries, Shriram Industrial Enterprises and DCM Shriram Consolidated.  In 1999 there was further splintering of the company into two additional parts.

Diversification in 1990s
In 1995, DCM's 1983 partnership with Toyota Motors came to an end. DCM then entered a partnership with the Korean automotive company, Daewoo Motors, which ended in 2001 after Daewoo Motors went bankrupt. During the latter 1990s Delhi Cloth & General Mills had a series of financial defaults and lawsuits. The company's 116 year old manufacturing facility was torn down to make new commercial and residential buildings.  The razing was the result of a 1989 Supreme Court decision which drove factories out of the city of Delhi and the mill was moved to Hisar.

Group companies

DCM Textile, Hisar
DCM Textile, Hisar, founded in 1991 the original 1889 textile mill at Delhi was shut down on the orders of Supreme Court in 1989 and listed on BSE and NSE, is located in the cotton growing belt near Hisar Airport and GJU Hisar on Delhi bypass in Hisar city of Haryana state. Spread across  with residential campus and officers club, it was set up initially with 33000 spindles, it achieved several milestones, such as ISO 9001 certification (1995), expansion to 45000 total spindles (1998), expansion to 76200 total spindles (2005), expansion to 115000 total spindles (2014), launching of 100% premium cotton yarn brand Primero (2015), launching of 100% superior cotton yarn brand Dinero (2016) and BCI cotton yarn (2016). It is operating as one of the leading manufacturer and exporter of 100% cotton carded and combed yarns, with a monthly capacity of 1,15,000 spindle producing 2500 MT of cotton yarn with an annual turnover of . In addition to its Hisar mill, it has 17 sales offices across India, with exports to at least 11 nations (c. 2017). Its Executive chairman and president are "Dr. Vinay Bharat Ram" (alumnus of Delhi University (PhD), Michigan (Ann Arbor) university and Harvard university) and "Hemant Bharat Ram" (alumnus of Carnegie Mellon University with bachelor's degree in Mathematics and Computer Science, and master's degree in Industrial Administration), who both are descendants of the founder's family through Lala Shri Ram and  Dr. Bharat Ram's lineage.

References

Textile companies of India
Conglomerate companies of India
Companies based in New Delhi
Manufacturing companies based in Delhi
Manufacturing companies established in 1889
1889 establishments in British India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Economy of Hisar district
Indian companies established in 1889


"Mad" is a song by American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo. It was released as the third single from his third studio album, Year of the Gentleman (2008), and was produced by Stargate and himself.

Music video
The video for the song was directed by Diane Martel. It premiered on AOL on November 25, 2008. The video, shot in black and white, presents a narrative wherein Ne-Yo argues with his girlfriend (played by Faune Chambers). After leaving, in an attempt to save a child from a car accident, someone is fatally hit. At the end of the video, it is revealed that the whole time it has been the ghost of Ne-Yo's character singing, and that it was he who was killed. The video to this song is a sequel of his song "Part of the List", which was released in April 2009.

The music video appears to mirror the 1999 American thriller The Sixth Sense from M. Night Shyamalan, in which Bruce Willis plays a psychologist who is shot by an estranged patient of his. Based on how the film was shot and portrayed, Bruce Willis is shown in many situations as if he is there physically, when in actuality he was murdered by his patient, just as how Ne-Yo appears with his girlfriend, seeming to be there physically and that she is ignoring him due to their earlier argument, when he is actually dead.

The video ranked at number 63 on BET's Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009 countdown.

Chart performance
"Mad" debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at number 11. It reached the top ten of the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, peaking at number 6. On the UK Singles Chart, it reached number 19, giving Ne-Yo his third top 20 hit from the Year of the Gentleman album, and his sixth overall. Despite only peaking at number 19, "Mad" spent four more weeks than his number one hit "So Sick" inside the UK top 100. It also debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at number 93 and rose to a high of 23.

Charts

Weekly charts

Monthly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links
 Mad (music video by Ne-Yo) full cast and crew

2008 singles
2009 singles
Music videos directed by Diane Martel
Ne-Yo songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
Contemporary R&B ballads
Songs written by Ne-Yo
Song recordings produced by Stargate (record producers)
Songs written by Mikkel Storleer Eriksen
Songs written by Tor Erik Hermansen
Black-and-white music videos
2008 songs
2000s ballads


The 1991 Miami Dolphins season was the team's 26th as a member of the National Football League. The Dolphins failed to improve upon their previous season's output of 12–4, winning only eight games and failing to qualify for the playoffs.

Offseason

NFL Draft

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Regular season

Schedule

Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.

Standings

References

Miami Dolphins seasons
Miami Dolphins
Miami Dolphins