The sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr., comprise an extensive catalog of American writing and oratory – some of which are internationally well-known, while others remain unheralded and await rediscovery.

Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent African-American clergyman, a leader in the civil rights movement and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

King himself observed, "In the quiet recesses of my heart, I am fundamentally a clergyman, a Baptist preacher."

Speechwriter and orator
The famous "I Have a Dream" address was delivered in August 1963 from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.  Less well-remembered are the early sermons of that young, 25-year-old pastor who first began preaching at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1954.  As a political leader in the Civil Rights Movement and as a modest preacher in a Baptist church, King evolved and matured across the span of a life cut short.  The range of his rhetoric was anticipated and encompassed within "The Three Dimensions of a Complete Life," which he preached as his trial sermon at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in 1954 and every year thereafter for the rest of his life.

Sermons
 1953 – "The Three Dimensions of a Complete Life"
 1954 – "Rediscovering Lost Values", Sunday February 28, Detroit, Michigan.
 1955 - "The Impassable Gulf (The Parable of Dives and Lazarus)", Sunday October 2, Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama.
 1956 - "The Death of Evil Upon the Seashore", Wednesday May 17, Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York City
 1956 - "Living Under the Tensions of Modern Life", Sunday September (exact date unknown), Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama.
 1956 – "Paul's Letter to American Christians", Sunday November 4, Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama.
 1957 – "The Birth of a New Nation", Sunday April 7, Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama.
 1957 – "Garden of Gethsemane", Sunday April 14, Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama.
 1957 – "Loving Your Enemies", Sunday November 17, Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Alabama.
 1960 – "Why Jesus Called A Man A Fool", Sunday May 15, Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta
Possibly the first time King delivered a variation of this sermon, see 27 August 1967 below
 1963 – "Eulogy for the Martyred Children" (victims of 16th Street Baptist Church bombing), Wednesday September 18, Birmingham, Alabama
 1966 – "Guidelines for a Constructive Church", Sunday June 5, Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta
 1967 – "The Three Dimensions Of A Complete Life", Sunday April 9, New Covenant Baptist Church, Chicago.
 1967 - "Three Evils of Society" Address Delivered to the First Annual National Conference for New Politics
 1967 - "The Casualties of the War in Vietnam" Address delivered at the Nation Institute
 1967 – "Why Jesus Called A Man A Fool", Sunday August 27, Mt. Pisgah Missionary Baptist Church, Chicago
Possibly the last time King delivered a variation of this sermon, which started at least as early as May 15, 1960 (see above)
 1967 – "A Knock at Midnight", Delivered on several occasions, including the Installation Service of Ralph Abernathy at Atlanta's West Hunter Baptist Church February 11, 1962.
 1968 – "The Drum Major Instinct", Sunday February 4, Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta.
1968 – "Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution", Sunday March 31, National Cathedral, Washington, D.C.
King's last Sunday sermon.
 1968 – "I've Been to the Mountaintop", Wednesday April 3, Mason Temple, Memphis, Tennessee.
 1968 – "Why America May Go to Hell", planned to be delivered on Sunday April 7, but never delivered due to his assassination.

Speeches

Notes

 Speech given at McFarlin Auditorium, Southern Methodist University March 17, 1966, drawn from same sources as April 10, 1957 St. Louis, Mo. speech.

References
 Fuller, Linda K. (2004).  National Days/National Ways: Historical, Political, And Religious Celebrations Around The World. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group.
 Lischer, Richard. (1997).  The Preacher King: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Word That Moved America. New York: Oxford University Press.

External links

 "Why I Am Opposed to the War in Vietnam" 1967 -- see
 "A Knock at Midnight," 1967 -- see
 '"Beyond Vietnam," 1967
 A longer list of speeches & sermons
 Martin Luther King: His Triumphs - a slideshow by Life magazine
Tavis Smiley on Rev. Martin Luther King and His Opposition to the Vietnam War - video by Democracy Now!
 "Episode 2 -- MLK: A Call to Conscience: -- Tavis Smiley Reports. The second episode of Tavis Smiley Reports examines Martin Luther King Jr.'s stand against the Vietnam War and the influence of his legacy today. Tavis speaks with scholars and friends of King, including Cornel West, Vincent Harding and Susannah Heschel." March 31, 2010.
 Valeria Franceschi, Remembering the Reverend: An Analysis of Obama's Speeches Commemorating Martin Luther King (October 2016)

Civil rights movement
Martin Luther King Jr.
King, Martin Luther
King


The 2009 S.League (officially known as the Great-Eastern-Yeo's S.League for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th season since the establishment of the S.League. Singapore Armed Forces FC won their eighth S.League title.

Changes to the league include:
Monthly claim of S$2,000 for the local clubs from the FAS if they sign a foreign player who is a newcomer to the S-League.
 DPMM FC have replaced Dalian Shide Siwu in 2009 season.

Teams

Foreign players
Each club is allowed to have up to a maximum of 4 foreign players.

 Albirex Niigata (S) and Super Reds are not allowed to hire any foreigners.

League table

Results
Fixtures and Results of the S. League 2009 season.

Note: The results are broken down into weeks rather than rounds, as some teams may play 2 or more games a week due to the nature of the league system (games are played every day). Hence, sometimes, teams may not play in the league some weeks due to other competition commitments or re-arranged games.

Week 1
The opening week of the season runs from Monday 16 February to Sunday 22 February.

Week 2
The 2nd week of the season runs from Monday 23 February to Sunday 1 March.

Week 3
The 3rd week of the season runs from Monday 2 March to Sunday 8 March.

Week 4
The 4th week of the season runs from Monday 9 March to Sunday 15 March.

Week 5
The 5th week of the season runs from Monday 16 March to Sunday 22 March.

Week 6
The 6th week of the season runs from Monday 23 March to Sunday 29 March.

Week 7
The 7th week of the season runs from Monday 30 March to Sunday 5 April.

Week 8
The 8th week of the season runs from Monday 6 April to Sunday 12 April.

Week 9
The 9th week of the season runs from Monday 13 April to Sunday 19 April.

Week 10
The 10th week of the season runs from Monday 20 April to Monday 27 April. The week is one day longer than normal so as to accommodate the break for Singapore Cup 2009 between 28 April and 6 May. The league will resume on 7 May.

Week 11
The 11th week of the season runs from Thursday 7 May to Sunday 10 May, following the break for Singapore Cup 2009.

Week 12
The 12th week of the season runs from Monday 11 May to Sunday 17 May.

Week 13
The 13th week of the season runs from Monday 18 May to Sunday 24 May.

Week 14
The 14th week of the season runs from Monday 25 May to Saturday 30 May. The league will then take a break for the League Cup.

Week 15
The 15th week of the season runs from Monday 22 June to Sunday 28 June. The league resume after the break for the League Cup.

Week 16
The 16th week of the season runs from Monday 29 June to Sunday 5 July.

Week 17
The 17th week of the season runs from Monday 6 June to Sunday 12 July.

Week 18
The 18th week of the season runs from Monday 13 June to Sunday 19 July.

Week 19
The 19th week of the season runs from Monday 20 June to Friday 24 July. The week is shortened as the Singapore National Team takes on Liverpool in a friendly on Sunday 26 July.

Week 20
The 20th week of the season runs from Tuesday 28 July to Sunday 2 August. The week is shortened as the Singapore National Team takes on Liverpool in a friendly on Sunday 26 July.

Week 21
The 21st week of the season runs from Tuesday 3rd to Saturday 8 August. The week is shortened as the country celebrate its National Day on 9 August and the national team prepares for a friendly against China on 12 August. The League will resume on 14 August.

Week 22
Only one game was scheduled for week 22, the week was shortened as the national team was in action during midweek.

Week 23
The 23rd week of the season runs from Monday 17th to Sunday 23 August.

Week 24
The 24th week of the season ran from Monday 24 August to Thursday 27 August. The week was shortened to accommodate the Singapore Cup 2009 between 26 August and 4 September. The league resumed on 6 September.

Week 25
The 25th week of the season runs from Sunday 6 September to Sunday 13 September. The week is one day longer than normal so as to accommodate the break for Singapore Cup 2009 between 26 and 4 August.

Week 26
The 26th week of the season runs from Monday 14 September to Sunday 20 September.

Week 27
The 27th week of the season runs from Monday 21 September to Sunday 27 September.

Week 28
The 28th week of the season runs from Monday 28 September to Sunday 4 October.

Week 29
The 29th week of the season runs from Monday 5 October to Sunday 11 October. The week has fewer match to accommodate the Singapore Cup semi finals.

Week 30
The 30th week of the season runs from Monday 12 October to Sunday 18 October.

Week 31
The 31st week of the season ran from Tuesday 20 October to Friday 23 October. The week was shortened to accommodate the National Team participation in the Ho Chi Minh City Football Tournament. The schedule was revised after DPMM Brunei was denied to continue playing in the League by FIFA.

Week 32
The 32nd week of the season runs from Tuesday 27 October to Saturday 31 October.

Week 33
The 33rd week of the season runs from Tuesday 2 November to Friday 6 November. It was the final week of the 2009 season.

Goals

Top Scorers

Own goals

Hat-tricks

Kits and main sponsors

Stadia and attendance

Stadia

 The league plays all its Friday matches, which is televised live on MediaCorp Channel 5, at the Jalan Besar Stadium. An exception is when the AYG 2009 is in process, matches are played on the Home stadiums of the home team.

Attendance
The League will only play 193 matches after Brunei DPMM were unable to complete the season.

Managerial changes

S-League Awards Night Winners
The winners will be announced on 9 November 2009 on the 14th Great Eastern-YEO’S S.League Awards Night.

References

External links
 S.League 2009
 Brunei team to play in S-League
 S.League unveils Brunei DPMM FC as 12th team for 2009 season

Singapore Premier League seasons
1
Sing
Sing


Charles Edward Hamilton (1844 – 25 May 1919) was a Canadian politician serving as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and as the seventh Mayor of Winnipeg in 1885.

Born in Rochester, England, Hamilton emigrated to Canada before studying law. Hamilton married Alma Lizzie Ashworth of Ottawa. After moving from St. Catharines, Ontario to Winnipeg in 1881, he established a law practice. In the 1884 city election, he won the contest for mayor as a citizen's candidate.

On 24 February 1885, Hamilton won a provincial by-election in the Winnipeg South riding for the Conservative party. In the 1886 provincial election, he won the Shoal Lake riding.

Hamilton left provincial politics and in 1888 moved to Saint Paul, Minnesota where he became Vice-President of the Pacific and Oriental Investment Company in 1897, as well as serving as the British Vice-Consul for Minnesota. Hamilton died in 1919.

Hamilton's son, Charles Ashworth Hamilton, was the founder of Hamilton's Stores in Yellowstone National Park.

Hamilton Avenue in Winnipeg is named in C.E. Hamilton's honour.

References

1844 births
1919 deaths
Manitoba Liberal Party MLAs
Mayors of Winnipeg
English emigrants to Canada
Lawyers in Manitoba
People from Rochester, Kent
Members of the Executive Council of Manitoba


Fred and Red's is a historic greasy spoon diner in Joplin, Missouri. The restaurant was started in 1923 and moved to its current location in 1943. The original arrangement and features have remained relatively unchanged through two generations of family ownership. The diner had been for sale for several years, but with no suitable offer, it closed on March 16, 2012 and the owner (Larry Wilcoxson) retired.  Wilcoxson died in 2016, and the business was purchased from his heirs by David Schaefer, with plans to reopen the business in October 2016, but modernizing the building to get it current to department of health codes delayed the reopening until November 23, 2016.

History

Fred Herring started a chili counter on Joplin's Main Street just 3 blocks south of what would become Route 66. The eatery catered to local blue-collar workers such as the area miners and in 1943 was moved seven blocks south to its current location, which happened to be across the street from the grocery store that supplied the meat for Herring's chili. According to a 1951 Joplin City Directory, the restaurant was known as Fred and Grover's. The butcher at the grocery store was William "Red" Wilcoxson, who bought half of Fred's business in 1956 to become his partner.

In 1973 Herring retired, turning his responsibilities over to Red's son and final owner Larry Wilcoxson, who worked at the restaurant from age 11. In 1975 Herring died, and Red Wilcoxson retired, and Larry ran the business himself until it closed, March 16, 2012. The Southwest Missouri eatery was a local landmark.

Schaefer, himself a long-time fan of the restaurant, reopened the store on November 23, 2016, and while keeping most of the business practices the same (including keeping prices the same from the day they closed in 2012), did modernize and update many items, detailed below in the "notable facts" below.

Business description

Fred and Red's was famous for their award-winning chili, tamales, and Spaghetti Red. They also served coneys, chili burgers, hamburgers, frito pie, and home-made fruit pies. Red Wilcoxson died in 2005, causing his son Larry to consider selling the business  where he had worked since age 11, but with no suitable buyer being found, Wilcoxson decided to retire and discontinue the business. This decision was announced by his daughter on the Facebook fan page called "We Love Fred and Red's" on March 5, 2012.

With the announcement of the upcoming closing, demand grew dramatically, often greater than supply available. After two stressful weeks of working extra hours to keep up, Larry Wilcoxson decided to close sooner than the planned mid-April date previously communicated. The business closed its doors on March 16, 2012, around 5 PM. Wilcoxson was given the last serving of spaghetti red.

The restaurant has a distinctive "U-shaped" counter, 22 barstools, and a central serving area. One of the restaurant's unique features was a home-made tamale press created from scrap Ford Model T car parts and used to manually make 5400 tamales every week. The Health Department would not certify the tamale press for the 2016 reopening, so the tamales are now made by hand.

A local fan of the restaurant, Dan Daugherty, composed a poem in tribute to Fred and Red's, and for many years it was printed on the back of each guest check. A framed copy of the tribute is posted on the restaurant's wall.

The diner had no drive-thru window, no published phone number, and a smallish parking lot, but did a brisk carry-out business. There were frequently long lines waiting for one of the 22 barstools at the counter. Schaefer plans to add a drive through in the future, but it was not ready for the 2016 reopening.

Notable facts

Fred and Red's waitresses wore traditional all-white uniforms, calculated each order by hand as they were recorded on a paper "Guest Check" and impaled the orders on a spindle when paid; though prior to closing in 2012, the wait staff had changed to black t-shirts, and remain in black to this day.
According to some of Fred and Red's older waitresses, Baseball Hall of Fame member Mickey Mantle was a frequent visitor during his life.
As with many local favorites, Fred and Red's had quirky business rules: They are only open 5 days per week (closing on Sundays and Mondays), and 11 months out of the year, closing for the entire month of August each year for vacation. Despite these business practices, their customer base remained loyal. After the 2016 reopening, it is to remain open 6 days a week (Sundays), except for some major holidays.
All transactions were cash only. Credit cards, debit cards, and checks were unwelcome, but debit and credit cards were accepted beginning in 2016.
Fred and Red's had no phone, no internet site, and did not ship food through the 2012 closure. Today, the restaurant now publishes their phone number and accepts call-in orders. While still no website, there is a Facebook page.
While he owned the restaurant, Larry Wilcoxson was the only person who knew the secret chili recipe, and he did all the cooking himself.
The restaurant has a Facebook fan group that includes Wilcoxson's two daughters, who hold "officer" positions as "Chili Heirs". The fan group was referenced in a 2009 article in the Joplin Globe.
The restaurant was featured on Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations in season 7, episode 5 entitled "The Ozarks"
The restaurant has been immortalized as an HO scale Model Railroading kit marketed by Blair Line. The model pays homage to the Joplin store, but it does not resemble the building, and the backstory is fictitious.

References

Further reading
Review and history article from Digistar.com Fred and Red's
Article on Joplin places of interest, including Fred and Red's Joplin Sites: Places to See & Things to Do
Map and reviews from Tripadvisor.com Fred and Red's

Restaurants in Missouri
Buildings and structures in Joplin, Missouri
Restaurants established in 1923


Sabrina Anijs is a Dutch model and former beauty queen. She was crowned as Miss Benelux 2009 in October 2008. She represented the Netherlands in the Miss Earth 2009 pageant, which was held in October 2009.

Miss Benelux 2009
Anijs, who was born and raised in Netherlands, was crowned Miss Benelux 2009 during an event held on October 4, 2008, in Belgium. The pageant had 40 participants from Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg. Anijs, who is  tall, was a law student at the University of Leiden. Anijs worked part-time for a cable company. Her pageant court includes Miss Benelux Belgium, Isabel Van Hoof and Theodora Banica as Miss Benelux Luxembourg.

She represented the Netherlands in the Miss Earth 2009 beauty pageant in the Philippines, which was held on November 22, 2009, at the Boracay Ecovillage Resort and Convention Center in Boracay, Malay, Aklan, Philippines.

Miss India Holland 2005
On June 4, 2005, Anijs participated in the Miss India Holland 2005, which is an annual beauty contest for ladies of Hindustan origin. The pageant consisted of a number of rounds including the gala round for fashion clothing, talent round, and Indian national costume competition. She was placed second runner-up in the event.

Later life
As of 2023, Sabrina has a YouTube account with 75.9k subscribers.

See also
Miss Earth
Femina Miss India
Miss Earth 2009

References

External links
Official Website
Official Miss Earth Website

Living people
Miss Earth 2009 contestants
Dutch beauty pageant winners
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Interchurch Center is a 19-story limestone-clad office building located at 475 Riverside Drive and West 120th Street in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. It is the headquarters for the international humanitarian ministry Church World Service, and also houses a wide variety of church agencies and ecumenical and interfaith organizations as well as some nonprofit foundations and faith-related organizations, including the Religion Communicators Council. The National Council of Churches also occupied the building from its inception, but in February 2013, the NCC consolidated its offices on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, and vacated its New York headquarters facilities. NCC's sister agency, Church World Service, remains a tenant in the building.

Its concentration of religious organizations has led some to nickname the building the God Box. Samuel G. Freedman describes the building as "the closest thing to a Vatican for America’s mainline Protestant denominations." The mainline churches include the Episcopal, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Reformed Church in America, Methodist and United Church of Christ denominations. But across the years many of them moved their headquarters closer to the majority of their constituents, leaving only certain divisions or offices in the New York facilities.

The Center benefits from a strong religious and educational environment. One of its tenants is the New York Theological Seminary. The building is located immediately south of Riverside Church and west of Union Theological Seminary and Columbia University, and is a short walk to Jewish Theological Seminary, Manhattan School of Music, the Korean Methodist Church and Institute, and the Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The building is assigned its own ZIP Code, 10115; it was one of 41 buildings in Manhattan that had their own ZIP Codes .

History

The center was built in 1958 with gifts by John D. Rockefeller Jr. and other donors, together with a consortium of religious denominations, with the objective of encouraging cooperative work among such diverse religious groups as the Orthodox, African-American, and mainstream Protestant denominations and to foster the growth of ecumenical bodies such as the National Council of Churches. A condition of the Rockefeller gift was that the exterior of the structure had to be clad in the same color limestone as Riverside Church, across 120th Street, the Rockefellers' church home at the time.

In the presence of a crowd of more than 30,000 gathered at the building site, the center's cornerstone was laid by then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower, whose Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, and Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Arthur S. Flemming, were active in the work of the National Council of Churches.

Incidents
In 1969, James Forman, civil rights activist and executive director of the National Black Economic Development Conference (NBEDC), led a series of sit-ins at denominational offices in the building, demanding that the denominations pay reparations to black Americans. At the height of the protests, half of the center's 2,000 employees stayed away from work in support of Forman. Tenants of the building eventually obtained an injunction from the New York State Supreme Court, barring Forman and the NBEDC from the building.

Hands Around the God Box, an interfaith prayer vigil to end religious homophobia, was held at the Interchurch Center on June 24, 1994.  More than 500 people from 15 LGBTQ religious groups joined hands and were linked by a rainbow ribbon that completely encircled the building.

Tenants

The center's current occupants include mission boards, pension boards, and other agencies of several national denominations. Expanding on its original mission of providing a collaborative environment for a community of widely differing Christian denominations and their ecumenical activities, the center now also houses a growing number of interfaith groups, including Odyssey Networks and The Interfaith Center of New York, plus several Jewish and Muslim organizations.

Over the 50-year history of the facility, some national churches such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and the Presbyterian Church (USA), following mergers with sister churches, relocated their primary offices to cities nearer to the majority of their constituencies, but have continued to maintain significant operations in the Interchurch Center.

Several city and state denominational offices, the Council of Churches of the City of New York, and groups as varied as Agricultural Missions, Inc., and the Foundation for Christian Higher Education in Asia also occupy space in the center, along with offices and classrooms of New York Theological Seminary, and offices of The Rockefeller Brothers Fund.

National interfaith ministries in the building include Religion Communicators Council, Odyssey Networks (a religious media distribution agency of the National Interfaith Cable Coalition), and the Interfaith Center for Corporate Responsibility.

Architecture

The simplicity of the building's architecture, intended to complement rather than compete with the gothic architecture of surrounding institutional buildings, has caused some critics to disparage its design. Columbia University architecture historian Andrew Dolkart calls the Center "an undistinguished, bulky, limestone building." Other critics have called it "clumsily articulated," and "a squat cube".

Facilities and services

Amenities provided to organizations and agencies who occupy the center are:
 ecumenical chapel, complete with a major pipe organ installation;
 conference center with multiple breakout spaces, auditorium, boardroom;
 wellness center, offering travel immunizations, and medical consultations to the general public;
 ecumenical library, with 17,000 books and 55 periodical titles;
 full-service cafeteria, buffet dining room, and catering operation;
 art gallery where paintings, sculpture and photography exhibits are rotated throughout the year.
 multi-level parking garage beneath the building.

A Wednesday noontime concert series during the spring and fall features classical, gospel, jazz and choral music at no charge and open to the general public. The Interchurch Center Chorus and the Gospel Choir, both populated by tenant employees, present periodic concerts in the center's chapel.

Transportation
The Interchurch Center is served by the  bus on Riverside Drive,  buses along Broadway, and the  buses on Amsterdam Avenue. In addition, the  of the New York City Subway stops at 125th Street and Broadway.

See also
 Ecumenical Centre, another building complex for multiple religious organizations in Geneva, Switzerland

References

External links

Christianity in the United States
Office buildings in Manhattan
Morningside Heights, Manhattan


The Body Human is a series of specials produced by Tomorrow Entertainment/Medcom Company and telecast by CBS, between 1977 and 1984. They were produced and directed by Robert E. Fuisz and Alfred R. Kelman, who was nominated for an Academy Award in 1966 for The Face of a Genius. The series concentrated on exploring aspects of the human body, from plastic surgery to sexual function. American actor Alexander Scourby was the narrator. The series was nominated for and won Emmy Awards as well as a Peabody Award.

References

1977 American television series debuts
1984 American television series endings
1980s American documentary television series
1970s American documentary television series
Peabody Award-winning television programs
CBS original programming


The 1980 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament was the culmination of the 1979–80 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season, the 33rd such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 22 and 29, 1980, and concluded with North Dakota defeating Northern Michigan 5-2. The first round game was held at the home team venue while all succeeding games were played at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island.

Qualifying teams
The NCAA gave four teams automatic bids into the tournament. The two ECAC teams that reached the ECAC tournament final received bids as did the two WCHA co-champions. The NCAA also had the ability to add up to 4 additional teams as it saw fit and chose to include the CCHA tournament champion as well.

Format
The four automatic qualifiers were seeded according to pre-tournament finish. The ECAC champion was seeded as the top eastern team while the WCHA co-champion that finished highest in the regular season was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. Because an at-large bid was offered to a western school they were placed in a first round game with the second western seed to determine the final semifinalist. The first round game was played at the home venue of the second seed while all succeeding games were played at the Providence Civic Center. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.

Tournament bracket

Note: * denotes overtime period(s)

First round

(W2) Minnesota vs. (A) Northern Michigan

Semifinal

(W1) North Dakota vs. (E2) Dartmouth

(E1) Cornell vs. (A) Northern Michigan

Third-place game

(E1) Cornell vs. (E2) Dartmouth

National Championship

(W1) North Dakota vs. (A) Northern Michigan

All-Tournament team
G: Steve Weeks (Northern Michigan)
D: Marc Chorney (North Dakota)
D: Tom Laidlaw (Northern Michigan)
F: Roy Kerling (Cornell)
F: Doug Smail* (North Dakota)
F: Phil Sykes (North Dakota)
* Most Outstanding Player(s)

References

Tournament
NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
1980s in Minneapolis
Ice hockey competitions in Providence, Rhode Island
Ice hockey competitions in Minneapolis


George William Kinman (25 December 1862 – 27 July 1927) was Headmaster of Hertford Grammar School from 1905 until his death in 1927. He also headmaster at Dolgelley Grammar School, Chairman of the Ware Education Committee, and a Major in the British Army.

Family life
George William Kinman was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England on Christmas Day 1862, the eldest son of a Silversmith George Kinman and his wife Martha Turner. In 1889 Kinman married Rosa Maud Lavington at St George, Hanover Square, London. The couple had one daughter, Phyllis, who died in 1926.

Education
George W. Kinman was educated at Sheffield Collegiate School and at St John's College, Cambridge. A Goldsmith's Exhibitioner, he graduated BA in 1887 with a Second Class in the Classical Tripos, and MA in 1895.

Dolgelley Grammar School
From 1894 to 1903 Kinman was Head Master of Dolgelley Grammar School in North-West Wales. Due to insufficient funding at the time the school was unable to compete with the County School, which received county council funding. By 1901 the school had just 4 pupils and after Kinmans departure in 1903 the remaining pupils were transferred to the County School and by 1912, with the sale of the schools land, Dolgelley Grammar School ceased to exist.

Other Teaching Posts

Kinman is mentioned in the 1949 edition of the school magazine for King Edward VII School, Sheffield: George William Kinman who won a Goldsmith's Exhibition at St. John's College, Cambridge from the Collegiate School. Later he was for many years the Head Master of Hertford Grammar School, and also Chairman of the Ware Education Committee. The Head Masters of both schools reported that the scholarship scheme had "been completely successful".

He was also Assistant Master at St. James School in Jersey and Hereford House in Brighton and was senior resident instructor at the Army College, Farnham

Hertford Grammar School
In 1903 he was appointed Head Master of Ware Grammar School (by Chairman of Governors Richard Croft), and when that school was amalgamated with Hertford Grammar School in 1905, Major Kinman became Head Master of the now Richard Hale School, a position he maintained until his death in 1927.

Educational Philosophy
Kinman's educational philosophy was explained by Rev W.D. Penning, writing in the Hertfordshire Mercury after the Major's death:
The Major was devoted to the School and to the boys that came to it. He had his own views as to the work the School was meant to do for the boys, and he held those views strongly, and perhaps with too little tolerance for other views. So he was often in collision with one set or another of those interested in education (notably inspectors, officials, and theorists). Major Kinman held that the true object is to bring up boys to be good men and useful citizens. He trusted more to the outdoor work of his beloved Officer Training Corps, and to drawing and music and handicraft, than to the orthodox book lessons in the classrooms. Discipline and effort in learning, courage in facing difficulties, and the use of knowledge and brain power, however small, that each boy possesses, that was his real curriculum. He believed in men more than the system, and really rather enjoyed the cold looks of inspectors who expected conventional patterns and did not find them.
During his time at Hertford, Kinman commanded the Officer Training Corps at the school and was very proud of the contingent.

The Great War
It has been remembered that after the First World War the Headmaster 'meticulously' annotated the Registers of his Old Boys killed, wounded and distinguished during the conflict in red ink. William Earl Johns, author of The Biggles stories was a student at the school from 1905. After the Great War he returned to the school for a visit and wrote:
I sat with the Head (that stern man) in his study, that same awful room into which ten years earlier, as a trembling schoolboy, I had more than once gone to take my ‘medicine’. The big bundle of canes no longer stood in the corner. With tears in his eyes he told me of the names of the boys of my time who had gone to the war and would not be coming back. I never saw him again: but I know now how much I owe him.
The Latin words on the School War Memorial are taken from a hymn composed by Major Kinman in the honour of the boys who lost their lives in that war.

White Gloves
It is perhaps White Gloves which best illustrates Major Kinman’s respect for and use of tradition. Ralph Minors (Head Master 1627–1657) established White Gloves by bequeathing £10 in his will to purchase white gloves for three local dignitaries, the Mayor, Justice and Minister (i.e. Vicar of All Saints), if they attended the December “breaking up” festivities. This was a political move to ensure their active interest in the school in their roles as governors, but by about 1747 the money and the ceremony had disappeared. However, in July 1912 the Mayor of Hertford proceeded in state to the Grammar School in Churchfields, not merely to officiate as guest of honour at the annual prize-giving, but also to receive in remembrance of Ralph Minors a pair of white gloves from the Head Boy, who entertained him first with a short Latin oration. Comic and quasi-historical, maybe, but the Kinman version was entertaining and it served the purpose of strengthening the relationship between the School and the local council. .

The Kinman House
When it became necessary to establish a new House in 2007, it was decided that Kinman would be commemorated in its name because in keeping with the men commemorated in the other five Houses he contributed significantly to public life, as well as being associated with the School. In his case, of course, the association with the School was profound, with an outlook surprisingly familiar to modern observers. He also oversaw a significant rise in the School’s population: at his first Speech Day, in July 1906, there were 112 boys; by 1927 there were 180–a small number by 21st Century standards, but nevertheless a massive percentage rise.

Military career
During World War I he saw service with various units at home and abroad. From 1914 to 1915 he was with the 10th Battalion of the Bedfordshire Regiment, in 1916 with the 3rd battalion of the same regiment, and later in that year with the IBD Depot in France, in 1917 with the 22nd Training Reserve Battalion, and in 1918 with the 25th Officers' Cadet Battalion. He further served his country in the capacity of Military and Appeal representative for Hertfordshire from 1916–18. He was awarded the Territorial Officers' Decoration which was awarded to officers of the Territorial Force who have completed 20 years' commissioned service in that force, or in its predecessor, the Volunteer Force, and are recommended for the award. Kinman was also mentioned for his services with the Department to the Chief of the Imperial General Staff in 1919.

Biggles Goes To School
William Earl Johns, author of The Biggles Stories joined The Hertford School in January 1905 when Kinman was headmaster. The W.E. Johns website biography states:
In January 1905, Johns went to Hertford Grammar School (now the Richard Hale School, Hertford) where the headmaster was Major Kinman. Some of his experiences here went into his book BIGGLES GOES TO SCHOOL.
In Pamela Shields' book "The Private Lives of Hertfordshire Writers" which includes William Earls Johns, Pamela writes The headmaster, Major Kinman, was the inspiration for Colonel Horace Chase, head of Malton House School in 'Biggles Goes to School'

Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace also attended the Hertford Grammar School until he was withdrawn in 1836 after financial difficulties in his family.
In 1910 George William Kinman wrote a short biography on Wallace entitled A Great Hertfordian in which he placed Wallace on the English Olympic team, "if Olympic contests were of an intellectual character."
Two letters from Headmaster George Kinman to Wallace's son William, are kept in the Natural History Museum

The first, dated 19 July 1916, reads,
I shall be very glad indeed to have the pictures mentioned in your letter, whether Dr Wallace painted them himself or not. Perhaps you will kindly inform me as to this.
On the back of the letter William wrote "Two large paintings on canvas & rollers representing scenes in the Malay Archipelago which A.R.W. had done to illustrate lectures."
The second letter from Kinman to William is dated 2 October 1916 and says,
I feel sure you will excuse my long delay in acknowledging the receipt of the pictures.....From your letter I did not think that the pictures were quite such an acquisition as they are. I am hanging them in one of the new class rooms which we intend to fit up as a Geography room – The colours of the walls shows them off admirably and apart from the interest of the subjects they appear to me of considerable artistic value.

In Memoriam
On 31 December 1927 an obituary in The Old Hertfordian Magazine Editorial for George Kinman reads,
The School had lost a Head Master of outstanding character and ability, and we, scholars and old boys, a self-sacrificing manly friend. Major Kinman had ruled and directed the School for the past 21 years, and had eagerly and hopefully looked forward to being still active Head Master when the School moved to its new buildings [finished in 1930]; the members of this Association, most of whom are probably " K's " boys, were ready to share his joy at that event. That cannot now be realised. We are left, nevertheless, with the duty of ensuring that the future life of the School be enriched with all the splendid ideals implanted and fostered by the Major during his 21 years of hard conscientious work.

References

External links
 www.richard-hale-association.org.uk

Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment officers
Heads of schools in England
British Army personnel of World War II
1927 deaths
1862 births
People educated at Sheffield Collegiate School
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Schoolteachers from Hertfordshire
Heads of schools in Wales
Military personnel from Sheffield


Bharta is a census village in Hoshiarpur district  in the state of Punjab, India.

Demographics
 India census, village Bharta had a population of 2000. Commonly two villages Ganeshpur & Bharta are collectively pronounced as Ganeshpur Bharta / Bharta / Bharta Ganeshpur.

References

Cities and towns in Hoshiarpur district


The Minister of Sport, Culture, Heritage and Tourism (; formerly Minister of Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport) is the cabinet position in Manitoba that oversees the Department of Sport, Culture and Heritage. Since January 2023, the Minister has been Glen Simard.

Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage—through developing, supporting, promoting, and celebrating the identity and well-being of the province and its communities—manages those government programs and services that support the sport, art, culture, and heritage of Manitoba.

The Minister and the Department are responsible for generating sustainable economic growth based on Manitoba's unique qualities and identity; increasing community capacity to improve well-being; enhancing public access to knowledge and information; encouraging, sharing, and making use of the province’s cultural and heritage resources; building Manitoba’s identity and reputation as a hub for artistic opportunity; and supporting Manitoba’s investments in amateur sport and encourage the hosting of regional, national, and international sport events.

Legislation
Statutes that are the responsibility of the Minister of Sport, Culture and Heritage, include:

 The Manitoba Advisory Council on Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism Act
 The Amusements Act (except Part II)
 The Archives and Recordkeeping Act
 The Arts Council Act
 The Centre culturel franco-manitobain Act
 The Coat of Arms, Emblems and the Manitoba Tartan Act
 The Combative Sports Act
 The Manitoba Film and Sound Recording Development Corporation Act
 The Foreign Cultural Objects Immunity from Seizure Act
 The Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act
 The Heritage Manitoba Act
 The Heritage Resources Act
 The Income Tax Act (section 10.4)
 The Legislative Library Act
 The Manitoba Multiculturalism Act
 The Manitoba Museum Act
 The Public Libraries Act
 The Queen's Printer Act

History
The precise ministerial designations related to sport, culture, and/or heritage in Manitoba have changed several times.

The ministerial position can be traced back to 1966, when Attorney-General Sterling Lyon was named as Minister of Tourism and Recreation. The newly-elected government of Edward Schreyer added a separate ministry of Cultural Affairs in 1969, but united the two ministries in 1971. In 1978, a minister in Sterling Lyon's government was given responsibility for Sport.

Responsibility for Tourism was transferred to the Economic Development portfolio in 1979, and was not reunited with Culture until 1999. Culture Ministers were also responsible for Citizenship from 1991 until 1999, when the responsibility was given to the Minister of Labour and Immigration.

Lists of ministers

See also

 Minister of Canadian Heritage
 Minister for Sport (Canada)
 Minister responsible for the Status of Women (Manitoba)

References

Culture, Heritage, Tourism and Sport, Minister of
Manitoba
Manitoba, Minister_of_Culture,_Heritage,_Tourism_and_Sport
Manitoba, Minister_of_Culture,_Heritage,_Tourism_and_Sport


The Mount Airy Lodge, built in the 1890s, was a five-star hotel and resort located in Paradise Township near Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania. It was closed in October 2001 and demolished in subsequent years. The site now houses Mount Airy Casino Resort.

History
Constructed in 1898 as an eight-room inn, Mount Airy Lodge was re-constructed in the 1950s as the Pocono's largest resort. In its heyday in the 1960s and 70's, Mount Airy had more than 890 rooms, indoor/outdoor pools, skiing, snowmobiling, ice-skating, hiking, biking, horseback riding, archery, an 18-hole golf course and paddle ball courts on over 1,000 acres of property.

Fame
For more than half a century Mount Airy Lodge was known as America's premier honeymoon hideaway, with floor-to-ceiling mirrors, velvet-swagged canopy beds, and heart-shaped bathtubs. It was also known for its top entertainment. The Crystal Room, Mount Airy's 2,000-seat show palace, hosted headliners like Bob Hope, Milton Berle, Connie Francis, Red Buttons, Tony Bennett, Paul Anka, and Nipsey Russell.

Legacy
The resort closed in October 2001 and was demolished in subsequent years. The site now houses Mount Airy Casino Resort.

In January 2023, Canadian singer-songwriter Nicole Dollanganger released her seventh album Married in Mount Airy  with its title track inspired from the lodge, describing the décor and the room. Even sampling the past jingle of the resort : "''All you have to bring is your love of everything

Dollanganger dedicated the album to Emil Wagner, a previous owner of the lodge, in the credits of the physical booklet.

References

Hotels in Pennsylvania
Pocono Mountains
1898 establishments in Pennsylvania
Hotel buildings completed in 1898
2001 disestablishments in Pennsylvania


Arizona Charlie's Boulder is a 301-room hotel and a  locals casino located in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned and operated by Golden Entertainment. It is located on Boulder Highway between Boulder Station and Sam's Town.

History
Arizona Charlie's Boulder and Arizona Charlie's Decatur are the result of original efforts by the Becker family, long established developers in Las Vegas. In January 2000, American Casino & Entertainment Properties (ACEP) purchased the Sunrise Suites on Las Vegas' Boulder Highway for $43.3 million. The property's hotel had already opened, but without its casino portion, as the prior owner failed to receive a gaming license. The casino opened on May 23, 2000, when the entire property was renamed Arizona Charlie's East. It was a companion to Arizona Charlie's West (later Arizona Charlie's Decatur), also owned by ACEP. The two properties are 10.4 miles apart. The casino's namesake was "Arizona" Charlie Meadows, a performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show and a distant relative of the original owners of Arizona Charlie's Decatur, the Becker family.

The property was renamed Arizona Charlie's Boulder on January 1, 2003.

In October 2017, Golden Entertainment acquired Arizona Charlie's Boulder as part of its $850 million purchase of ACEP.

See also
 Arizona Charlie's Decatur

References

2000 establishments in Nevada
Casino hotels
Casinos in the Las Vegas Valley
Golden Entertainment
Hotel buildings completed in 2008
Hotels in Paradise, Nevada


The Logan Pass Visitor Center in Glacier National Park was constructed at the summit (Logan Pass) of the Going-to-the-Sun Road during the Mission 66 park facilities improvement program. The design concept was originated by architect Cecil J. Doty of the National Park Service Western Office of Design and Construction. Burt L. Gewalt of the Kalispell, Montana architectural firm Brinkman and Lenon was responsible for the construction documents, carried out between 1960 and 1962. Construction was completed in 1966. The visitor center uses common Mission 66 themes such as a broad, gently sloping roof, native stone, and glulam timber construction.

The Logan Pass Visitor Center was one of the most significant Mission 66 projects, involving the construction of a large visitor orientation facility with attendant parking lots, utility services and amenities at the summit of Logan Pass. The altitude of the pass is , and is inaccessible from October to May in most years.  The summit of Logan Pass had previously been used as a rest stop with toilet facilities. The size of the visitor center was somewhat reduced because the Saint Mary Visitor Center at the east end of the Going-to-the-Sun Road and the park headquarters at the opposite end at West Glacier provided appropriate orientation features in a less demanding physical environment.

Description

The main section of the Logan Pass Visitor Center steps up its hillside with two main levels within a single-story enclosure. The lower level is the "Fireplace Room" facing northeast, featuring a concrete hearth with a copper hood.  The information desk was originally in this space, but was moved to the upper level "Exhibit Room" in 1992. The upper level houses interpretive exhibits. As built, the visitor center used bright paint colors that were toned down to a conservative Park Service brown palette shortly after construction. Semi-separated toilet facilities are below the lower level, facing the parking lot.  They were enlarged in 1985. An office addition for Park Service personnel was constructed at the same time.

The visitor center as originally built was  in area.

Design and construction
Preliminary design was carried out in the Park Service's Western Office of Design and Construction, primarily by WODC architect Cecil J. Doty, with assistance from Milton Swatek and Ed Dottery.  The preliminary design set forth the Park Service's design intent for size, arrangement and general architectural character.  The WODC design was sent to the Kalispell architecture-engineering firm of Brinkman and Lenon, where Burt L. Gewalt was assigned the task of developing detailed design documents.  Gewalt made detail changes, increasing the size of the chimney and using stone-embedded concrete, a construction method originally developed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

The construction contract was awarded to the Hefte Construction Company of Spokane, Washington in June 1963 for a contract cost of about $136,600. A separate contract was awarded for water and sewer utility work, for $61,319. Work began in July 1963 and stopped in late October for the winter.  It resumed in July 1964, running through October, and again in 1965.  The visitor center was completed on August 27, 1966. A separate contract for parking lot and site improvements was completed on September 12, 1966 at a cost of $168,176. Gewalt was the supervising architect through construction.

Historic designation
The Logan Pass Visitor Center was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 15, 2008, when it was 44 years old, less than the usual threshold for inclusion of 50 years. The visitor center was cited in the nomination for its unusual design significance and prominence in Glacier National Park.

See also
 William Edmond Logan
Saint Mary Visitor Center, Entrance Station and Checking Stations and the Lake McDonald Lodge Coffee Shop, also designed by Gewalt

References

Going-to-the-Sun Road
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Government buildings completed in 1966
Mission 66
Tourist attractions in Glacier County, Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier County, Montana
1966 establishments in Montana
National Park Service visitor centers
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier National Park
Modern Movement architecture in the United States


Peer Augustinski (25 June 1940 – 3 October 2014) was a German actor who specializes in television and dubbing.

Biography
Born in Berlin, Augustinski was best known as a cast member of Klimbim ("Odds and Ends"), one of the first successful comedy shows in German television, and as the official German dubbing artist of Robin Williams. With the exception of The Peddler in Aladdin, Augustinski dubbed all of Williams' film and television roles from late 1986 (starting with Seize the Day) to 2004.

He had a debilitating stroke in 2005 which prevented him from working as actively as before, but he was eventually able to dub Williams in a few more projects, the last being Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian in 2009.

Death
Augustinski died less than two months after Williams, on 3 October 2014, aged 74, after complications from epilepsy.

Live-action works
Klimbim (1976–1979, TV series, seasons 3–5)
Zwei himmlische Töchter (1978, TV series)
Unsere schönsten Jahre (1983)
Matt in 13 Zügen (1984, TV miniseries), as Peter Cranach
Derrick – season 11, episode 14: Stellen Sie sich vor, man hat Dr. Prestel erschossen (1984, TV), as Dr. Prestel
Drei gegen Drei (1985), as Brunnenmeier

Voice acting roles
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (King of the Moon)
Aladdin (The Genie)
Anastasia (Bartok)
Asterix Conquers America (Asterix) (German Dub)
Awakenings (Doctor Malcolm Sayer)
Dead Again (Cozy Carlisle)
Dead Poets Society (John Keating)
Dumb and Dumber (Harry Dunne)
The Fisher King (Parry)
Flubber (Doctor Philip Brainard)
Good Morning, Vietnam (Adrian Cronauer)
Good Will Hunting (Sean Maguire)
Hook (Peter Banning/Peter Pan)
Mrs. Doubtfire (Daniel Hillard/Misses Euphegenia Doubtfire)
Raining Cats and Frogs (Fuchs)
The Santa Clause (Scott Calvin/Santa Claus)
Toy Story (Sheriff Woody)
Toy Story 2 (Sheriff Woody)
Toys (Leslie Zevo)

References

External links

German Dubbing Card Index

1940 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from epilepsy
People with epilepsy
German male television actors
German male voice actors
Male actors from Berlin
Neurological disease deaths in Germany
Sat.1 people
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors


Ganeshpur Bharta is the combined name of two villages, Ganeshpur and Bharta, in the district Hoshiarpur of Punjab state of India.  popular for its ancient Hindu temple, Mandir Baba Lakho Ji. The two villages have a common street that separates them, and the post office for both villages is situated in Ganeshpur.

References

Cities and towns in Hoshiarpur district


We've Got Tonight is the fourteenth studio album by American singer Kenny Rogers, released in 1983. It is also his last with Liberty Records before signing with  RCA Records.

Overview
The title cut, a duet with Sheena Easton, was the debut single and became one of Rogers' signature hits, soaring to No. 1 on the country charts and No. 2 on the Adult Contemporary chart, reaching No. 6 on the Hot 100 chart. There were two other singles: "All My Life", which peaked at No. 13 on the country charts, though it fared at No. 3 in Canada, and "Scarlet Fever", which is lesser-known but still reached No. 5 and No. 4 in the US. and Canada, respectively.

The title of the album comes from its signature track, written by Bob Seger and originating from his album, Stranger in Town. By comparison with Rogers' version, Seger's only reached No. 13 on the Hot 100, making Rogers' version a higher-seller (at the time), five years after it was written.

One song on the album that never became a single but still became one of Rogers' signature songs is the powerful "You Are So Beautiful". This track was placed at the end of the album as a tribute to his legions of female fans, and stands today as one of the songs that Kenny is known for. The song was written by Billy Preston and Bruce Fisher and originally appears on the 1974 Preston album The Kids and Me.

Lionel Richie, who by now had been contributing a reasonable number of songs to Rogers, submitted the track "How Long" to this album.

The album hit No. 3 on the country chart and No. 18 on the main Billboard album chart.  It attained Platinum status in both the United States and Canada.

Track listing

Personnel

 Kenny Rogers – lead vocals,  backing vocals (4, 5)
 David Foster – keyboards (1, 6), backing vocals (6)
 John Hobbs – keyboards (2, 5, 10)
 Randy Goodrum – keyboards (4), backing vocals (4)
 Shane Keister – keyboards (4)
 Robbie Buchanan – synthesizers (7, 9)
 Michael Lang – keyboards (7, 9)
 Clarence McDonald – keyboards (7, 9)
 Reginald "Sonny" Burke –keyboards (8)
 Marty Walsh – guitar (1)
 Timothy May – guitar (2, 7, 9)
 Fred Tackett – guitar (2, 10)
 Kin Vassy – guitar (2, 3), backing vocals (2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10)
 Billy Joe Walker Jr. – guitar (3)
 Richie Zito – guitar (3, 5)
 Jon Goin – guitar (4)
 Steve Lukather – guitar (6)
  Carlos Rios – guitar (7, 9)
 Paul Jackson Jr. – guitar (8, 9)
 David T. Walker – guitar (8)
 Nathan East – bass (1, 8)
 Joe Chemay – bass (2, 5, 6, 7, 9), backing vocals (2, 3, 5, 6)
 Trey Thompson – bass (3)
 Jack Williams – bass (4)
 Emory Gordy Jr. – bass (10)
 Mike Baird – drums (1, 6)
 Paul Leim – drums (2, 5, 7, 9, 10), percussion (2)
 Ress Williams – drums (3)
 Kenny Malone – drums (4)
 Leon "Ndugu" Chancler – drums (8)
 Gary Herbig – oboe (10)
 Jeremy Lubbock – string arrangements and conductor (1, 6)
 Bergen White – string arrangements (4)
 Sheldon Kurland – strings (4)
 Sheena Easton – lead vocals (1)
 Terry Williams – backing vocals (2-8, 10), guitar (3)
 Dorothy Newton – backing vocals (5)
 Juanice Charmaine – backing vocals (7, 8)
 Lionel Richie – backing vocals (7)
 Cindy Fee – backing vocals (10)

Production
 Producers – Kenny Rogers (Tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 & 10); David Foster (Tracks 1 & 6); Brent Maher (Track 4); Randy Goodrum (Track 4); James Carmichael (Track 7, 8 & 9); Lionel Richie (Tracks 7 & 8).
 Engineers – Humberto Gatica (Tracks 1, 6 & 9); Al Schmitt (Tracks 1, 6, 8, 9 & 10); Reggie Dozier (Tracks 2, 3, 5, 8 & 10); Stephen Schmitt (Track 3); Brent Maher (Track 4); Calvin Harris (Tracks 7 & 9); Bob Bullock (Track 9).
 Second Engineer – Stephen Schmitt (Tracks 1, 4, 5 & 10); Larry Ferguson (Track 2).
 Mixing – Humberto Gatica (Track 1); Bob Bullock (Track 2); Al Schmitt (Track 3); Reggie Dozier (Track 5); Calvin Harris (Track 7).
 Tracks 1, 2, 3 & 5-10 recorded at Lion Share Recording (Los Angeles, CA); Track 4 recorded at Creative Workshop (Nashville, TN); Tracks 7 & 9 recorded at Hitsville Studios (Los Angeles, CA).
 Strings on Tracks 1 & 6 recorded at Ocean Way Recording (Los Angeles, CA).
 Tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 & 10 mixed at Lion Share Recording; Track 4 mixed at Creative Workshop; Tracks 7 & 9 mixed at Hitsville Studios.
 Mastered by Doug Sax at The Mastering Lab (Los Angeles, CA).
 Art Direction – Henry Marquez and Roy R. Guzman
 Design – Roy R. Guzman
 Photography – Matthew Rolston
 Management – Ken Kragen

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

[ We've Got Tonight album page at Allmusic]

Kenny Rogers albums
1983 albums
Albums produced by David Foster
Albums produced by Brent Maher
Albums produced by Lionel Richie
Liberty Records albums


Sister Ruth Lautt is an American Roman Catholic nun and activist.  She is the founder of Christians for Fair Witness on the Middle East, an organization that describes itself as an advocacy group that works among mainline Protestants and Roman Catholics in North America for fairness in the churches’ witness on issues related to the conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors.

Career

Lautt holds a J.D. from New York University School of Law.  Before entering the religious life as a Dominican nun, Sister Ruth was a litigator with Manhattan law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom.

Issue positions

Lautt advocates a two-state solution to the Israeli-Arab conflict.

Lautt has questioned the criticisms leveled at Israel by some churches, asking, "how people feel they have the right in the name of peace and justice, to tell other people not to try to preserve their own lives... You’re not obligated to lay down and die.”

See also

References

External links

Roman Catholic activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


Amanda Boyden is an American novelist.

Born in Northern Minnesota and raised in Chicago and St. Louis, she studied creative writing at the University of New Orleans, where she and her ex-husband, Canadian writer Joseph Boyden, were faculty members until 2012. In addition to writing, Amanda Boyden is a trapeze artist who founded Aerialists, Inc., her own all-female troupe, and performed as Lady Hummingbird.

Works
 Pretty Little Dirty (2006)
 Babylon Rolling (2008)
 I got the dog (2020)

External links
 Amanda Boyden author profile at randomhouse.com

21st-century American novelists
American women novelists
University of New Orleans faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women writers
Novelists from Louisiana
American women academics


Methyldichloroarsine, sometimes abbreviated "MD" and also known as methyl Dick, is an organoarsenic compound with the formula CH3AsCl2.  This colourless volatile liquid is a highly toxic vesicant that has been used in chemical warfare.

History
German chemists weaponized methyldichloroarsine during World War I, between 1917 and 1918. It was the first organoarsenic compound to be weaponized.

Structure, synthesis, reactivity
Focusing on the arsenic center, the molecule geometry is trigonal pyramidal with the Cl-As-Cl and C-As-Cl angles approaching 90° (see image).  Virtually all related arsenic(III) compounds adopt similar structures.

Methyldichloroarsine is produced by the reaction of methylmagnesium chloride and arsenic trichloride:
AsCl3  +  CH3MgCl  →   CH3AsCl2  +  MgCl2

Typically such syntheses are conducted in ether or THF solutions and typically the product is isolated by distillation.  Use of larger amounts of the magnesium reagent affords greater amounts of dimethylchloroarsine ((CH3)2AsCl) and trimethylarsine ((CH3)3As).

In World War I, the German manufacturing method consisted of a three-step reaction beginning with methylation of sodium arsenite:
2 Na3AsO3 + (CH3O)2SO2 → 2 CH3AsO(ONa)2 + Na2SO4,
followed by reduction of the disodium monomethylarsonate with sulfur dioxide:
CH3AsO(ONa)2 + SO2 → CH3AsO + Na2SO4,
subsequently reacting the monomethylarsine oxide thus formed with hydrogen chloride to yield methyldichloroarsine:
CH3AsO + 2 HCl → CH3AsCl2 + H2O

The As-Cl bonds in MD are susceptible toward nucleophilic attack.  Reduction of MD with sodium metal affords the polymer [CH3As]n.

Use as a weapon

Symptoms of poisoning
Although some of its symptoms resemble those from poison ivy, other symptoms include irritation to the eyes and to the nose, although blistering may be delayed for hours. Other symptoms include: dermal burns with vesicle formation; blepharospasm and photophobia. Convulsions, abdominal pain, coughing, and shortness of breath with damage to the respiratory system can be delayed for about three to five days; hemolysis can also occur.

MD is not persistent, meaning that it will dissipate after a short time. It is, however, still quite lethal. The LCt/50 for MD is about 3,000 mg/(min * m3).

Protection
Besides avoiding situations in which it might be used, an activated charcoal filter and a protective mask can help protect against MD. It should, however, be noted that MD can penetrate rubber, so some masks and clothing are ineffective. Other protective clothing, such as full body protection, are useful as well. Among the agents useful for decontamination of MD are bleach and caustic soda.

See also
Ethyldichloroarsine
Phenyldichloroarsine
Lewisite

References

Arsenical vesicants
Organoarsenic chlorides
World War I chemical weapons
Arsenic(III) compounds


The Baháʼí Faith in Malawi began before the country achieved independence. Before World War I the area of modern Malawi was part of Nyasaland and ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the religion, asked the followers of the Baháʼí Faith to travel to the regions of Africa. As part of a wide scale growth in the religion across Sub-Saharan Africa the religion was introduced into this region when an early African Baháʼí traveled from Tanganyika in 1952 followed in 1953 by Baháʼís from Iran the same year it became known as the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. A decade later there were five Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies. By 1970, now in the country of Malawi, there were 12 Local Spiritual Assemblies and a National Spiritual Assembly. In 2003 Baháʼís estimated their membership at 15000 while the 2001 World Christian Encyclopedia estimated the membership at 24500 and in 2005 revised their estimate to about 36000.

Early history

In the first decade of the 1900s, the region of Malawi was part of Nyasaland. In a series of letters, or tablets, to the followers of the religion in the United States and Canada in 1916-1917 by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the religion, asked the followers of the religion to travel to regions of Africa; these letters were compiled together in the book titled Tablets of the Divine Plan. The publication was delayed until 1919 in Star of the West magazine on December 12, 1919. after the end of World War I and the Spanish flu.

Wide scale growth in the religion across Sub-Saharan Africa was observed to begin in 1950s and extend in the 1960s. Particular plans to bring the religion to Uganda began in 1950 involving the cooperation of American, British, Egyptian, and Persian Baháʼí communities and reached a level of coordination and detail that materials were translated into languages widely used in Africa before pioneers reached Africa. In 1952 in the region of Malawi, then about to become the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, the Baháʼí Faith enters when Dennis Dudley-Smith Kutendele (sometimes Kutendere), the first African Baháʼí in Tanganyika, and member of Dar es Salaam's first local spiritual assembly, moved to Zomba with his family - the first time an African Baháʼí took the religion to a new country. He was soon joined by pioneer Enayat Sohaili and his family from Iran. As Sohaili was white and Kutendere black it was illegal for them to socialize. So the first Baháʼí Feast they held was meeting in the bush at night. This same year new convert Dunduzu Chisiza left Malawi to help introduce the religion to Rwanda (formerly part of Ruanda-Urundi). In 1956 the area of Malawi was included in the regional National Spiritual Assembly of South and West Africa. John William Allen was the first Auxiliary Board of the region working under Hand of the Cause Músá Baníní.

 In 1960 twenty-six Africans and ten white Baháʼís representing five language groups attended a second regional seminar in Salisbury S. Rhodesia on the progress of the religion with attendees from S. Rhodesia, N. Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Mozambique, and South Africa. Classes included "Baha'i Character Development," "How to Give a Baha'i Talk," and "The Covenants of God". Two local conferences in Nyasaland also took place in 1960.

Growth

By 1963 there were Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assemblies in Balaka, Balila, Bawi, Limbe, and Mianje. There were smaller groups of Baháʼís in Chileka, Chipoka, Chiradzulo, Lilongwe, Mzimba, Mzuzu, Sharpevale, and Zomba. There were individual Baháʼís in Chibwawa, Dedza, Fort Johnston (now known as Mangochi), and Karonga.
In 1964 the first Baháʼí marriage service was performed in the country; the same year as the independence of the country now called Malawi. An interim re-organization pooled a regional national assembly of South Central Africa, which comprised the countries of Botswana, Malawi and Rhodesia in 1967. By 1970 there were 12 Local Spiritual Assemblies, enough for the country to have its own National Spiritual Assembly, which was elected in the presence of Hand of the Cause Paul Haney. The next year Hand of the Cause Enoch Olinga asked for official registration of the religion, a request met by President Hastings Banda. Three from Malawi attended the first Baháʼí youth summer school for southern Africa was held in Swaziland in December, 1971 through the 2nd of January, 1972. Land for a national center was acquired in 1972 and the number local assemblies had reached 23. In 1972 and 1982 Hand of the Cause Rúhíyyih Khanum traveled throughout the country. Her October 1972 visit included radio and print press interviews, public talks and a meeting with President Hastings Banda where she observed "in the eyes of Baha'u'llah it seems there was one thing even worse than war and this was anarchy and revolution and civil strife" when the president commented that some religious groups in Malawi had been fermenting discord and strife. She also toured into the countryside and met many Baháʼís and contributed to building funds for centers. Among her public talks she said that though African suffered tribal prejudice, racial prejudice was far worse but of which Africans were largely clear of. Among the pioneers to come to Malawi was Ireland's Frances Beard who moved there in 1974, the same year as Baháʼís from Australia also pioneered to Malawi. Since its inception the religion has had involvement in socio-economic development beginning by giving greater freedom to women, promulgating the promotion of female education as a priority concern, and that involvement was given practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics. The religion entered a new phase of activity when a message of the Universal House of Justice dated 20 October 1983 was released. Baháʼís were urged to seek out ways, compatible with the Baháʼí teachings, in which they could become involved in the social and economic development of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially recognized Baháʼí socio-economic development projects. By 1987, the number of officially recognized development projects had increased to 1482. Malawian Baháʼís have embarked on a number of projects to support the welfare of Malawi.

Bambino School

In a commitment to education and the welfare of humanity, the Baháʼís have set up 60 grassroots Baháʼí literacy schools and 30 Baháʼí primary health care workers were trained and deployed. The largest scale institution is the private school named the Bambino School in Lilongwe. A Baháʼí school started in January 1993, in 2003 Bambino School had an enrollment of 1,100 from nursery level through secondary school and secretarial college and has high school graduation including taking the International General Certificate of Secondary Education. Andrew Nhlane is the head teacher of the high school which has 350 students alone. Students participate in international projects with other schools in Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Bulgaria. International students contribute terms of service. Kenneth Gondwe, aka Babyjinx, is a former attendee of Bambino and has gone on to be an accomplished musician, performer, and business owner running a music production company. Partial scholarships are available.

Modern community

The 2003 golden jubilee of the establishment of the religion in Malawi was attended by Baháʼís from Bermuda, Australia, Mauritius, South Africa, Zambia, and Lesotho, and one of the events of the jubilee was a play based on the life and martyrdom of Mona Mahmudnizhad. The 2004 Namibian Jubilee had guests from the Malawian Baháʼí community. The Baháʼí National Center is located in Lilongwe.

In 2007 public schools began offering religious education at the primary school level. These courses had previously been available only in secondary schools. Both a Christian-oriented "Bible Knowledge" course and a "Moral and Religious Education" course, including Muslim, Hindu, Baháʼí, and Christian material are available. Individual parent-teacher associations or school committees decide which religion courses to offer.

Baháʼí delegates from 17 countries included ones from Malawi convened in New York from February – March 2008 for the 52nd session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women. Some 120 Baháʼís from Malawi attended the first of 41 conferences called for by the Universal House of Justice between November and February 2008–9 in neighboring Zambia along with Baháʼís from Zimbabwe.

Demographics

The World Christian Encyclopedia notes there may have been 18000 Baháʼís in 1990 and 24,500 in 2000 and about 36145 in 2005. In 2003 a Baháʼí source mentioned there were some 15000 Baháʼís in Malawi. A 2007 survey reports about 4% of the population of 13000000—roughly 520000—is split between Hindus, Baháʼís, Rastafarians and Jews.

See also

 History of Malawi

References

External links
 Malawi Baháʼí National Community

Religion in Malawi
Malawi
Malawi


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External links
Company website

Manufacturing companies based in Dalian
Health care companies of China


Emmanuel Serrière is an educator, administrator, and advocate for people with developmental disabilities, researcher on autism.

L'Arche and Jean Vanier
Serrière has been instrumental his entire forty five-year career in helping adults with developmental disabilities in California to have a more normalized life according to their choices in their own community. One of his first important contacts was with Jean Vanier in Trosly Breuil where he was employed from February to July 1965 to help create l'Arche in that small village North of Paris.
Serrière immigrated to the United States from France in 1968 and became a US citizen in 1974 and got married in June 1976 in Saratoga, California. He obtained a master's degree in Rehabilitation Administration from the University of San Francisco and subsequently became executive director of various California non-profit agencies in Northern California most of them dealing with adults with developmental disabilities. He based his entire career on the philosophy broadly borrowed from his mentor Jean Vanier: providing people-centered services, empowering them to achieve their full potential and beyond, maximizing their quality of life according to their choices. In 1986, Serrière was appointed Calaveras County Mental Health Administrator where he worked for seven years.
He belongs, thru his mother, to the same old French family that Jean-Pierre Desthuilliers.

Autism
As part of his Master's thesis, Serrière did some research on autism, studying three specific cases and the insertion of these three individuals with the general population of people with developmental disabilities. He worked with Dr. Bernard Rimland, Director of the Autism Research Institute. Serrière is convinced that the diagnosis of autism should not have been altered to include the word "spectrum" to its name "autism spectrum" as it now became a catch-all for all troubled children including misbehaving and attention deficit. To respond to numerous friends and parents who approached him looking for a three-minute diagnosis of their sons or daughters, Serriere generalize by sharing his beliefs that there is no Autism or Asperger syndrome or Kanner syndrome without specific visible traits: the person affected with autism is in their own world without eye contact or paying attention to the other person. They resent being touched, even a handshake. They will often keep busy by tapping fingers on own face, a colorful toy, a window and seeming to pay deep attention to the rhythm and the sensation received from this patter. They might spin plates or doing excessive and very repetitive movement including jumping on a trampoline for hours. Of course, there are also the "Autistic Savants" or savantism who will excel in math, drawing, music, memory exercise such a retaining an entire piano concerto, the decimals of 3 over 14, the view of a details of a building, dates past and future, etc. Serrière still believes that Dr. Rimland's long qualifying (500 questions) questionnaire should be the only basis for defining autism.

Work with California legislators
Serriere was instrumental in introducing two major California laws, one in 1978 with Senator Roberti clearly mandating that developmentally disabled people have the right to live in the community: SB 2093, introduced by Senator Roberti in 1978 requires that residential programs for 6 or fewer persons be treated and considered like any other family residence. Once the law passed, Serriere edited and published a booklet distributed widely to about one hundred service clubs of the Bay Area explaining why people with developmental disabilities can make good neighbors.

The other was in 2006 with Assembly member Greg Aghazarian permitting transport agencies to also obtain Disabled access license plates (AB 1910, Ch 203, Sections 5007 and 22511.56 of the CA Vehicle Code). This new law went into effect on Jan 1, 2007.

His latest involvement helped Manteca CAPS (1995–2008), (called Valley CAPS since July 1, 2010) a day program for adults with Intellectual disability in Central California, from being stagnant and unsuccessful to one of the most successful day program for adults with developmental disabilities. With his progressive Board of Director he was able to increase the services of Manteca CAPS from 50 consumers to over 300 on five campuses increasing staff from 17 to over 115. His achievements were very often covered in the Manteca Bulletin including development of new campuses in Manteca, Lathrop and Modesto.

Publication
New Neighbors (as Editor), a booklet distributed widely to about one hundred service clubs of the Bay Area explaining why people with developmental disabilities can make good neighbors.

References

Autism researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American disability rights activists