Promna  is a village in Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Promna. It lies approximately  north of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Promna


Promna-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Promna-Kolonia


Przybyszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Promna,  west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

External links
 Jewish Community in Przybyszew on Virtual Shtetl

Przybyszew


Rykały  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Promna,  north-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Sielce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Sielce


Stanisławów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Wojciechówka () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Wola Branecka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Wola Branecka


Zbrosza Mała  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Promna, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Promna,  north of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Błeszno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Branica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Branica


Bukówno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Czarnocin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Vagadheeswari (pronounced vāgadheeśwari) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 34th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Bhogachhāyānāţa in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 4th rāgam in the 6th chakra Rutu. The mnemonic name is Rutu-Bhu. The mnemonic phrase is sa ru gu ma pa dhi ni. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:

The  and  are used in this scale. As  is a  rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the  equivalent of , which is the 70th  scale.

Janya rāgams
Vagadheeshwari has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Magadhi and Mohanāngi are occasionally heard. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Vagadheeswari.

Compositions
Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Vagadheeshwari.
 Varna Vagadheeshwari Raga SudheyoLu... by Sri. C Honnappa Bhagavatar, a Kannada theatre artist, film actor, producer, composer and singer.
Nanninda Naane Janisi By Kanakadasa
Paramatmudu by Thyagaraja
Bhogachhaaye Naatakapriye by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Vani Vagadheeshwari
Pranamaamyaham by BalamuralikrishnavAgadheeswari saradE T. Sreenidhi
Kamala Nayana Jagadeeshwara a composition of Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
Nadanu Santhana a composition of Koteeswara Iyer

Tamil Film Songs

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Vagadheeshwari's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other minor melakarta rāgams, namely, Naganandini and Bhavapriya. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Naganandini.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Grabina  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Grotki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Grotki


Kadłubska Wola  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Radzanów,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Kępina may refer to the following places:
Kępina, Białobrzegi County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kępina, Grójec County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kępina, Płock County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kępina, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Kępina, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)


Kępina  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Kozłów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Ludwików  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Łukaszów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Młodynie Dolne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Radzanów,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Młodynie Górne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Ocieść  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Podgórze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Podlesie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Radzanów  is a village in Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Radzanów. It lies approximately  south-west of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

The physicist Jan Stefan Ligenza Kurdwanowski, member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, military officer and contributor to the Encyclopédie, was born in the village

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Rogolin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzanów,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Rogolin


Śliwiny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Smardzew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Smardzew


Wólka Kadłubska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Radzanów,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Zacharzów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Żydy may refer to:

Żydy, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Żydy, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland


Żydy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radzanów, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Radzanów,  south-west of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

The village has a very small population of 87 people.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Chruściechów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Cupel  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Czyżówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Grodzisko  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Grodzisko
Buildings and structures in Masovian Voivodeship


Jakubów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Stara Błotnica,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Kaszów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Stara Błotnica,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Krzywda  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Łępin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Nowy Gózd  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Stara Błotnica,  south-east of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Nowy Kadłubek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Nowy Kiełbów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Nowy Kobylnik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Nowy Kobylnik


Pągowiec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Stara Błotnica,  south-east of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Pierzchnia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Stara Błotnica,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Pierzchnia


Ryki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Stara Błotnica,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Ryki


Siemiradz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Siemiradz


Stara Błotnica  is a village in Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Stara Błotnica. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Stare Siekluki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Stare Siekluki


Stare Żdżary  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Stary Gózd  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Stary Kadłub  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Stary Kadłubek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Stary Kiełbów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

History
Stary Kiełbów was the location of a motte-and-bailey castle from the 13th-14th century, located on a trade route which connected Radom and Grójec. It is now an archaeological site. Since the 1960s, archaeologists discovered fragments of medieval pottery and armor in the village. In the following centuries, Kiełbów was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Radom County in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown.

Transport
The Voivodeship road 732 runs through the village, and the Expressway S7, part of the European route E77, runs nearby, east of the village.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County
Archaeological sites in Poland


Stary Kobylnik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Stary Kobylnik


Stary Osów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Stary Sopot  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stary Sopot


Tursk  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Stara Błotnica,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Tursk


Żabia Wola  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Stara Błotnica,  south of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Zamłynie  is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Błotnica, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Białobrzegi and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. In mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal.  In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells. Parakeratosis is associated with the thinning or loss of the granular layer and is usually seen in diseases of increased cell turnover, whether inflammatory or neoplastic. Parakeratosis is seen in the plaques of psoriasis and in dandruff.

Granular parakeratosis (originally termed axillary granular parakeratosis) is an idiopathic, benign, nondisabling cutaneous disease that manifests with intertriginous erythematous, brown or red, scaly or keratotic papules and plaques. It presents in all age groups and has no established clinical associations.

See also
 Skin lesion
 Skin disease
 List of skin diseases

References

Dermatologic terminology


New Fork is a ghost town in Sublette County, Wyoming, United States, near Boulder. It was one of the earliest settlements in the upper Green River valley. New Fork was established in 1888 by John Vible and Louis Broderson, Danish immigrants who had arrived in the United States in 1884. They established a store along the Lander cut-off of the Oregon Trail. By 1908 a small town had grown around the store, and in 1910 Vible built a dance hall, called The Valhalla.

In the early years of the settlement, the local Bannock and Shoshoni Indians from the Wind River Indian Reservation accounted for much of the town's trade. Vible and Broderson's original store was a log cabin, selling supplies obtained in  Evanston.

The death of Vible and members of his family from diphtheria and scarlet fever in 1915 started a decline, exacerbated by the abandonment of the Lander cut-off. Mail service stopped in 1918.

Several log and frame buildings remain in the townsite.

References

External links
New Fork at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Geography of Sublette County, Wyoming
Ghost towns in Wyoming
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Sublette County, Wyoming
Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming


Biała Góra  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stromiec, within Białobrzegi County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Stromiec,  north-east of Białobrzegi, and  south of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Białobrzegi County


A Farmer's Life () is a 1965 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Lone Hertz, Morten Grunwald and Ellen Winther Lembourn. It is based on the classic German novel From My Farming Days by Fritz Reuter, and Fleming Lynge's operetta inspired by the novel.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Henning Bahs.

Cast
 Lone Hertz as Marie Møller
 Morten Grunwald as Frits Triddlefitz
 Ellen Winther Lembourn as Louise Havermann
 Pouel Kern as Karl Havermann
 Frits Helmuth as Grev Frantz
 Holger Juul Hansen as Grev Axel von Rambow
 Helle Virkner as Grevinde Frida von Rambow
 Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt as Zakarias Bræsig
 Poul Reichhardt as 'Fukse' Frederiksen
 Hans Kurt as Markus 'Mukke' Mackenfeldt
 Kirsten Walther as Elvira Victoria Cornelia 'Hønse' Hansen
 Ernst Meyer as Jokum
 Lise Thomsen as Kvinde der danser med Frederiksen
 Kirsten Søberg as Kokkepigen
 Henny Lindorff Buckhøj as Gæst på godset

References

Bibliography
 John Sundholm. Historical Dictionary of Scandinavian Cinema. Scarecrow Press, 2012.

External links

1965 films
1960s Danish-language films
1965 comedy films
Films directed by Erik Balling
Films with screenplays by Erik Balling
ASA Filmudlejning films
Nordisk Film films
Danish comedy films
Films based on German novels


What Love Has...Joined Together is a 1970 album by R&B group Smokey Robinson & The Miracles on Motown Records' Tamla label. A concept album consisting solely of six short love songs, it charted at number 97 on the Billboard Top 200 Album chart, and reached the Top 10 of Billboard's R&B album chart, peaking at number 9. It was the first Miracles album to have no new songs; the recordings are all cover versions of songs written by noted composers, such as Stevie Wonder ("My Cherie Amour"), Berry Gordy, Frank Wilson, Brenda Holloway and her sister Patrice Holloway ("You've Made Me So Very Happy"), Burt Bacharach and Hal David ("This Guy's in Love With You"), Marvin Gaye ("If This World Were Mine"), The Beatles' John Lennon & Paul McCartney, ("And I Love Her"), and Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Bobby Rogers ("What Love Has Joined Together").

The Miracles performed a medley of this album's songs on a 1970 telecast of NBC's The Andy Williams Show. What Love Has...Joined Together features Miracles members Smokey Robinson, Bobby Rogers, Pete Moore and Ronnie White on the front cover, and Claudette Robinson on the back cover. Miracles member Marv Tarplin played guitar on this album, but was not featured on its cover.

Release
What Love Has....Joined Together was released on CD in 1992.

In 2013, Motown released this album as a digital download on Amazon, iTunes, and several other websites.

Reception

Allmusic Guide called it "A stunning concept album that should have fared better". The New Yorker, in an article dated April 16, 2013, referred to this album as "A standout", and as "one of the rare jewels in the (Motown) label's crown".

Track listing

Side one
"What Love Has Joined Together" (Smokey Robinson, Bobby Rogers) 5:50
"My Cherie Amour" (Stevie Wonder, Hank Cosby, Sylvia Moy) 4:16
"If This World Were Mine" (Marvin Gaye) 4:30

Side two
"You've Made Me So Very Happy" (Frank Wilson, Patrice Holloway, Berry Gordy, Brenda Holloway) 5:04
"This Guy's in Love With You" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) 5:19
"And I Love Her" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) 2:37

Personnel

The Miracles

Smokey Robinson – lead vocals, production
Claudette Robinson – lead vocals, backing vocals
Bobby Rogers – backing vocals
Pete Moore – backing vocals
Ronnie White – backing vocals
Marv Tarplin – guitar

Other instrumentation

The Funk Brothers

References

External links
 All Music Guide Album review
 TV.com. The Miracles''' appearance on The Andy Williams Show'', March 7th , 1970

1970 albums
The Miracles albums
Tamla Records albums
Albums produced by Smokey Robinson
Concept albums
Albums recorded at Hitsville U.S.A.


Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Duel II is the 17th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge (at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge).

The Duel II is the sequel to the show's 13th season, The Duel. It took place in Queenstown, New Zealand, with former cast members from MTV's The Real World and Road Rules competing along with several cast members from the Fresh Meat challenge. The season premiered on Wednesday, April 8, 2009, and concluded on June 17, 2009, with the reunion show.

Contestants

Format
The Duel II follows the same format as the original Duel challenge (click here for further information), with the main difference being that each round of play features a male and female elimination. The specific differences are as follows following differences:

 The male and female winners of the main challenge are both immune to entering the Duel. Together, the winners will start the selection and must agree on one person (regardless of gender) to potentially save from the Duel. The first person chosen then selects a player of the opposite gender, and so forth.
 The last male and female cast member that are not chosen will both compete in the Duel, select a competitor of their respective gender to go against them, and randomly select from one of five cards held by host T. J. Lavin to determine the Duel game, in which the players will compete.
 Unlike the original Duel season, there is a period of deliberation between the end of the challenge and the selection of the contestants for the elimination game.

At the end of the season, there will be six contestants left to compete in the final challenge — three of each gender. For each gender, there will be a first-, second- and third-place finisher. First-place will win $100,000, second-place will win $35,000 and third-place will win $15,000.

Gameplay

Challenge games
 Last Man Standing: This challenge involves playing rugby within a large field. First, players are separated into two teams of six — guys vs. guys and girls vs. girls. Due to the odd number of players at the beginning of the challenge (13 of each gender), one guy and one girl is chosen to sit out the first phase of the challenge and be exempt from Duel selection, but can enter the challenge at the second phase. In the first phase, each same-gender team starts out facing each other on opposite sides, and the team that transfers a rugby ball to the end zone wins the first phase, while the losing team is eliminated. The players who sat out the first phase (Brad & Paula) enter the challenge in the second phase, and are designated as tacklers. If a player on offense gets tackled to the ground, that player switches to defense, and has to tackle one player on the offensive side, and the process continues until the last player not tackled crosses the finish line, winning the challenge.
 Winners: Evan & Robin
 Freezing as Puck: Players are teamed up into male/female pairs, in two teams of six pairs, with the challenge played in three rounds. The female player sits "Indian style" on an oversize block of ice, or "puck," inside an ice rink, while their male partner has to push them from one end of the rink toward one of two numbered targets on the ice, and accumulate five or ten points for their team, depending on how far the "puck" travels. The catch: Each player is wearing speedos and bikinis. A pair is disqualified if the female player sitting on the puck makes any contact with the ice, or falls off the puck prior to reaching a numbered target on the other side. The team that accumulates the most points wins the first round, while the losing team is eliminated. The winning team from the first round then splits up into two teams of three pairs, where the aforementioned process continues until a team of three pairs wins the second phase. In the third phase, the three pairs who win phase two will compete for themselves. If a tie occurs between two teams in the third phase, a tiebreaker is held in which distance, not points, will be the determining factor as to which pair wins the entire challenge.
 Winners: Mark & Rachel
 All Shook Up: Players have to hang on to a pair of parallel ropes that are stretched out over a muddy pit, and have to shake their opponents off the ropes. The challenge is played in multiple rounds — guys vs. guys and girls vs. girls — with the winners of the first three rounds advancing to the final round. The last player standing on the ropes wins the challenge.
 Winners: Landon & Ruthie
 Luging My Mind: Played in male/female pairs, each pair has to race up and down a luge course to solve a puzzle, while wearing oversize replica bobbleheads of themselves that resemble lamp shades. To start, the guys race up the course to the top, and have to ride back down in a luge car to the bottom of the course, where their female partners will repeat the process. Once the girls meet their male partners at the bottom, each pair will team up, and race to solve a puzzle. The first team to solve their puzzle wins.
 Winners: Landon & Brittini
 Don't Let Go: A swing is suspended 360 feet in a canyon over the Shotover River. Players are teamed up into male/female pairs, with the girls harnessed from a swing and their male partners harnessed from a platform hanging from the edge of a cliff. Once the swing mechanisms are released, the guys have to hang on to their female partners with their hands for as long as possible, before the girls are eventually swung 200 feet downward in the form of a bungee jumping contest. The team that hangs on for the longest time wins.
 Winners: Mark & Rachel
 Dangle Duo: Played in male/female pairs, each pair has to climb up a 100-foot ladder suspended from a platform hanging above the Kowhai River, and raise a flag to the top with a rope. A team is disqualified is one or both players fall off the ladder or do not raise a flag within a 20-minute time limit. The team that raises a flag in the fastest time wins.
 Winners: Landon & Brittini
 Burnt: The challenge is played in separate rounds — male and female. A structure is suspended from a platform hanging 30 feet above a lake, with a pulley system and seven flags attached to barrels on the lake's shore. Each player is hanging from the top of the structure, and has to pull on their designated rope as fast as possible, which will send their flag toward their own barrel. Once six out of seven flags have reached the barrel, the one remaining barrel will explode, dropping the player attached to the barrel into the water. The process continues until the last player hanging wins.
 Winners: Landon & Brittini
 Upside Downer: A rope platform is suspended from a structure high above the Kowhai River, and players have to swing upside down from ropes from one side of the platform to the other, and collect as many Māori carvings as possible within a 10-minute limit. A player is disqualified if he/she does not make it to the end of the platform within 10 minutes. The player that collects each carving in the fastest time wins.
 Winners: Landon & Rachel
 Spelling Air: A platform is suspended from a structure above Lake Johnson, and players are hanging 100 feet above the water from the top of the platform. Each player is asked to spell a word. A player is dropped into the water and disqualified if he/she misspells a word. The process continues until the last player hanging wins.
 Winners: Evan & Rachel

Duel games

 The Elevator: The competitors are placed in two separate cages with a pulling chain inside. Each competitor must pull the chain that is inside of his/her cage, and with each pull, the opponent's cage is raised. The competitor whose cage reaches the top first loses.
Played Four Times: Ryan vs. Nick, Evan vs. Nehemiah, MJ vs. Dunbar, Aneesa vs. Tori.
 Back Off: Each competitor has a hook attached to his/her back. The challenger must take the hook off of the opponent's back and place it on a ring on at the side of the arena. The first challenger to successfully hook his/her opponent's hook to the ring twice wins the challenge.
Played Five Times: Aneesa vs. Shauvon, Brittini vs. Brooke, Kimberly vs. Ruthie, Aneesa vs. Paula, Brad vs. Landon.
 Duel Pole Dancing: A totem pole-like structure is located in the center of the arena. Around the outside of the pole are climbing holds for the competitors to use to make their ascent. The first competitor to reach the top of the pole and ring a bell wins the challenge.
Played Three Times: Kimberly vs. Robin, Derek vs. Eric, Brad vs. MJ
 Push Over: There is a large wooden plank placed on the ground. This Duel is won by knocking a challenger off the plank twice.
Played Five Times: MJ vs. Ryan, Jenn vs. Katie, Jenn vs. Kimberly, Diem vs. Jenn, Brittini vs. Diem.
 Spot On: There are two rock-climbing walls, one for each challenger. There is a pattern that is designed on each wall. The pattern is not complete, though, and each challenger must use the pieces given to them in order to complete the pattern. The first challenger to complete the pattern wins.
Played Three Times: Evan vs. Davis, Landon vs. Isaac, Evan vs. Derek.

Final challenge
The final challenge begins with each player riding on a jet boat, and each player jumping off the boat when it stops in the middle of the river. Each player has to cross from one side of a river to another using a rope. The remainder of the course involves checkpoints reminiscent of each duel elimination. After crossing a river, each player has to run up a steep hill to the first checkpoint, "Spot On," in which each player has to complete a puzzle. The second checkpoint is based on "Duel Pole Dancing," in which each player has to shimmy their way up to the top of a pole in order to unlock a mountain bike. Each player then rides their bike up a mountain side to the third checkpoint, "Back Off." Players have to chain themselves to an iron ring, and have to team up with a player of the opposite gender of their choice. Each pair then advances to the "Push Over" checkpoint, in which players have to push a sled filled with dirt across a line, and remove the dirt to make the sled lighter. Each player then retrieves a key from under the sled's original spot in order to unlock themselves from the metal rings from the previous checkpoint. The final checkpoint is "The Elevator," in which each player has to elevate themselves to the top of "The Duel" structure to retrieve a Māori carving, then sprint to the finish line, where the first-place finishers win $100,000, the second-place finishers win $35,000 and third-place finishers win $15,000.
 Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Duel II Winners: Evan & Rachel

Game summary

Elimination chart

Duel progress

 The contestant won the final challenge
 The contestant did not win the final challenge
 The contestant won the challenge
 The contestant won the Duel
 The contestant was exempt from Duel selection
 The contestant lost the Duel and was eliminated
 The contestant was disqualified from the competition due to disciplinary reasons

Selection processes

 These contestants won the Challenge, and had immunity from the Duel. Both contestants started the selection process.
 The contestant was selected to go into the Duel by the contestant at the end of the selection process.
 The contestant was at the end of the selection process, and automatically was sent into the Duel.

Teams

Episodes

Reunion special
The reunion aired on June 17, 2009, and was hosted by Maria Menounos and was taped at the MTV Studios on June 9, 2009. Cast members that attended were: Landon, Evan, Rachel, Brittini, Aneesa, Kim, Dunbar, Brad, Tori, Diem, Mark, Jenn & Paula. The many relationships/hookups, fights & missions were discussed. First topic that was discussed was how Rachel beat all of the guys in the final mission. Mark stated that the reason why she had beat every one of the guys because the guys had to wait on the girls at the checkpoint during the middle of the mission. Brad felt like Rachel should have helped him dig more like how Brittini helped Evan, even though Rachel says she did. Maria then asked Evan & Rachel what they did with their money. Rachel said "she is having a good time with it." and Evan says "He is putting it all away and saving it for the right girl." Then, the CT/Adam fight was shown. Mark stated that besides the Diem situation being the source of the fight, past challenge history and them together on their season sparked more tension between the two. Jenn states that the fight was a whole lot worse when you were actually there, and Rachel says that CT shouldn't be allowed on any more of these challenges. The love triangle is discussed. Jenn said she had already known about Rachel & Aneesa's history and that Rachel avoided talking about it to either one of them, because she didn't want to hurt anyone's feelings. But, Aneesa felt like her feelings didn't matter and they were "swept under a rug." Kim then discussed that she & Dunbar had tried something after New Zealand but didn't work out. Evan then felt like Paula shook up the voting order when she voted for Dunbar instead of MJ, even though Paula denies that ever happens and says Evan "did her wrong". Mark & Landon felt like the missions were pretty easy and Landon says that he would rather lose to Brad than anyone else on the show. Brad states that the show added a stress factor to his relationship with Tori, but Tori confirms that they are engaged and will be getting married in April. It is also discussed why Mark came out of retirement after announcing it on the Gauntlet 2 reunion. Maria asks about Robin & Katie, Robin is pregnant and expecting a little boy and Katie is engaged. Mark also added that Brooke just moved in with her girlfriend from A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila. The Real World: Cancun preview is shown, thus ending another challenge reunion.

Notes

References

External links

 Challenge Dailies Video Updates and Extras
 MTV's official Real World website
 MTV's official Road Rules website

Duel 2
New Zealand reality television series
Television shows set in New Zealand
2009 American television seasons
Television shows filmed in New Zealand


Louis Harry Feldman (October 29, 1926 – March 25, 2017) was an American professor of classics and literature.  He was the Abraham Wouk Family Professor of Classics and Literature at Yeshiva University, the institution at which he taught since 1955.

Feldman was a scholar of Hellenistic civilization, specifically the works of Josephus Flavius. Feldman's work on Josephus is widely respected by other scholars.

Biography
Feldman received his undergraduate degree (as valedictorian) from Trinity College in 1946 and his master’s degree the following year.  In 1951, he received his doctoral degree in philology from Harvard University for his dissertation Cicero's Concept of Historiography.  He returned to Trinity College as a teaching fellow and eventually served as classics instructor before leaving for Hobart and William Smith Colleges in 1953.  Feldman began teaching at Yeshiva University as an instructor in 1955, became an assistant professor in 1956, an associate professor in 1961 and, in 1966, a professor of classics. In 1993, he was appointed Abraham Wouk Family Professor of Classics and Literature at Yeshiva University.

A fellow of the American Academy for Jewish Research, he received numerous other fellowships and awards. These include a Ford Foundation Fellowship (1951–1952), a Guggenheim Fellowship (1963), a grant from the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture (1969), and a grant from the American Philosophical Association (1972). He was named a senior fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies in 1971, a Littauer Foundation fellow in 1973, and Institute for Advanced Study fellow in 1994.  In 1981, he received the American Philological Association award for "Excellence in Teaching the Classics".  Additionally, he was selected to conduct seminars for college teachers by the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Feldman was a co-recipient of the 2014 National Jewish Book Award in the Scholarship category for editing Outside the Bible with James L. Kugel and Lawrence H. Schiffman.

Thought and writings
Feldman was a widely respected antiquities scholar. Robert E. Van Voorst referred to Feldman as "the dean of Josephan scholars", and Paul L. Maier referred to Feldman as "the ranking Josephus authority".

As a historian, Feldman dealt primarily with the writings of Josephus and their role within the larger framework of Jewish civilization during the Second Temple Period. His works on Josephus ranged from discussions of historical accuracy to analysis of Josephus’ biblical interpretations.  Overall, he viewed Josephus' work as key to understanding Jewish life and interactions with Hellenistic culture during the Greco-Roman era.  In addition to his work on Josephus, he published numerous works on the writings of Philo as well as works dealing directly with the nature of Jewish life during antiquity.

Feldman's works include Scholarship on Philo and Josephus, 1937–1962 (1963), Josephus and Modern Scholarship, 1937–1980 (1984), Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World: Attitudes and Interactions from Alexander to Justinian (1993), Studies in Hellenistic Judaism (1998), and Josephus' Interpretation of the Bible (1998).  Feldman also translated several volumes of the critical edition of Jewish Antiquities.  He contributed extensively to journals in his field, having approximately 170 scholarly articles published.  He served as departmental editor of Hellenistic literature for the first edition of Encyclopedia Judaica and as a contributor to the Encyclopædia Britannica.

Notes

References
 Encyclopaedia Judaica Second Edition, Volume 6

External links
 List of Feldman's Scholarly Articles

1926 births
2017 deaths
Jewish American historians
Yeshiva University faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
American classical scholars
Jewish scholars
American Orthodox Jews
Educators from Hartford, Connecticut
Historians from Connecticut
21st-century American Jews


Rasikapriya is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the last (72nd) melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Rasamanjari in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 6th rāgam in the 12th chakra Aditya. The mnemonic name is Aditya-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ru gu mi pa dhu nu. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:

(the scale uses the notes shatsruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of last suddha madhyamam melakarta, Chalanata, which is the 36th melakarta scale.

Janya rāgams
Rasikapriya has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of scales associated with Rasikapriya.

Compositions
Here are some compositions sung in concerts, set to Rasikapriya.

Arul seyya by Koteeswara Iyer
Pavana tanaya pĀlayamĀm by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Sringara rasamanjarim by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Paripahi pahi by Kuttikkunhi Thangachi
Veena gana priye varnam by Chandrapothar (B. Sasikumar)
Rajatha Sabha Nayakane by Muthiah Bhagavatar

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Rasikapriya's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Mayamalavagowla (rāgam using which first lessons are taught to beginners) and Simhendramadhyamam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Mayamalavagowla.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Michaela Suzanne Watkins is an American actress and comedian. After several years performing with the Los Angeles comedy troupe The Groundlings, Watkins achieved widespread attention for her brief stint as a featured player on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live during its 34th season between 2008 and 2009. Since leaving SNL, she has starred on the Hulu series Casual and on the short-lived sitcoms The Unicorn and Trophy Wife. Watkins has also had recurring roles on other television series, such as The New Adventures of Old Christine, Catastrophe, Enlightened and Search Party and appeared in films such as The Back-up Plan (2010), Wanderlust (2012), Enough Said (2013) and Sword of Trust (2019).

Early life
Watkins was born in 1971 in Syracuse, New York, the daughter of former Latin teacher mother Myrna Watkins and Syracuse University mathematician father Mark Watkins. She has two sisters, Rebecca Kent and Sarah Fitts.

Watkins was raised in DeWitt, New York, a suburb of Syracuse, in a Jewish family. After her parents' divorce, Watkins' mother obtained a marketing degree and relocated the family to Boston when Watkins was 15.

Watkins attended Moses DeWitt Elementary School and Wellesley High School in Wellesley, Massachusetts. She graduated from Boston University, where she studied theater and acting. Watkins auditioned for a part in a British farce at a community theater when she was 15, and got the part. Joan Rivers was one of her inspirations to go into show business.

Career

Theater
After theater school, Watkins lived and worked in New York City for a year but struggled to build her career. She moved with a friend to Portland, Oregon. She lived there from 1996–2000 and appeared onstage with Portland Center Stage and the defunct improv group Toad City Productions. She traveled around the country doing regional theater, then decided to move to Los Angeles.

She was active in Los Angeles Theatre for many years, taking on roles with Circle X Theatre and 2100 Square Feet.

Regional theater
 Portland Center Stage: Hamlet (1999), Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead (1999), Bus Stop (2000)
 Portland Repertory Theatre: Arcadia
 Artist Repertory Theatre: The Misanthrope, How I Learned To Drive as well as Merchant of Venice, The Winter's Tale
 triangle productions: Angels in America, The Food Chain
 Circle X Theatre: Laura Comstock's Bag Punching Dog (2002) – LA Weekly award, Sperm (2004)
 Vineyard Playhouse: Fighting Words by Sunil Kuruvilla (2003)

Improv
She became a regular performer at The Groundlings, where she was discovered by Saturday Night Live. Watkins said the appeal of sketch work is that she can write her own material.

TV

Saturday Night Live
In November 2008, Watkins joined the cast of Saturday Night Live (SNL). Watkins said (at that time) that she was the oldest woman they ever hired. Watkins has since been surpassed by Leslie Jones, who was 47 when she joined SNL. Watkins made her first major appearance on the show as Arianna Huffington on the November 22nd Weekend Update. Watkins remained on SNL as a featured player throughout the rest of the 2008–2009 season, up to the season finale on May 16, 2009.

However, while SNL was on summer hiatus, the news broke in early September 2009 that Watkins, along with fellow castmate Casey Wilson, were both to be let go from the show and would not be returning for the 2009–10 season.

Recurring character on SNL
 Angie Tempura: A geeky, iced coffee-drinking computer nerd who snarks on celebrities and movies and is the creator of the snarky website "Bitch Pleeze" (www.bitchpleeze.com, which redirects to the SNL site). Though she insults celebrities, Angie was revealed to have a crush on Zac Efron.

Later TV credits
She recurred as Lucy opposite Hamish Linklater in the sitcom The New Adventures of Old Christine, as well as appearing in recurring roles in the comedy programs Enlightened, New Girl, and Anger Management. She has also made guest appearances on shows such as Hung, Childrens Hospital, Kroll Show, Key & Peele, Curb Your Enthusiasm, and Modern Family.

Watkins also starred alongside Malin Åkerman, Bradley Whitford, and Marcia Gay Harden in the short-lived, but well-received ABC sitcom Trophy Wife. The series aired for one season from September 2013 to May 2014.

In 2015, it was announced that Watkins would star in the Hulu series produced by Jason Reitman called Casual, which would be executive produced by Liz Tigelaar.

In 2018, she recurred on season two of the Amazon Prime series Catastrophe, playing the sister of lead character Rob Norris (Rob Delaney). From 2019 to 2021, she has co-starred on the CBS sitcom The Unicorn.

Producing, writing
Watkins co-created (with writing partner and fellow Groundling, Damon Jones) the short-lived 2014 USA Network comedy series Benched. The series starred Eliza Coupe and Jay Harrington and premiered on October 28, 2014. Watkins and Jones were also executive producers on the show.

Film
Watkins has appeared in supporting roles in films such as Enough Said, In a World..., Afternoon Delight, The Back-Up Plan, Wanderlust, They Came Together and Lazy Eye.

Podcasts
In 2020, Watkins appeared in the supporting role of Irene O'Connor in the musical podcast In Strange Woods.

Personal life
Watkins is married to Fred Kramer, who is a founding partner of Reason Ventures and General Manager of Critical Mass Studios, Inc. Kramer used to be Executive Director of the Jewish World Watch organization, a Los Angeles-based anti-genocide non-profit, focused on the situations in Sudan and Congo.

Filmography

Film

Television

Podcasts

References

External links

Living people
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Massachusetts
American film actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
American television writers
Television producers from New York (state)
American women television producers
American women comedians
Boston University College of Fine Arts alumni
Jewish American actresses
Jewish American female comedians
Actresses from Syracuse, New York
People from Wellesley, Massachusetts
American women television writers
Showrunners
American impressionists (entertainers)
American sketch comedians
Comedians from New York (state)
Comedians from Massachusetts
Wellesley High School alumni
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
Screenwriters from New York (state)
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
21st-century American Jews
Year of birth missing (living people)


East Down was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.

Boundaries
East Down was a county constituency comprising the towns of Ardglass, Ballynahinch, Crossgar, Downpatrick, Dunmore, Killinchy, Killyleagh, Kilmore, Saintfield and Strangford, all in the current Down District Council. It was created in 1929 as one of the eight seats replacing the former Down constituency when the House of Commons (Method of Voting and Redistribution of Seats) Act (Northern Ireland) 1929 introduced first past the post elections throughout Northern Ireland. The constituency survived unchanged, returning one member of Parliament until the Parliament of Northern Ireland was temporarily suspended in 1972, and then formally abolished in 1973.

Politics
East Down had a unionist majority, and consistently elected Ulster Unionist Party members. On occasions, however, it was contested by members of the Ulster Liberal Party, and various nationalist candidates who usually received over 40% of the votes cast.

Members of Parliament

Elections

At the 1933 Northern Ireland general election, Alexander Gordon was elected unopposed.

At the 1945 Northern Ireland general election, Alexander Gordon was elected unopposed.

At the elections of 1953, 1958 and 1962 Northern Ireland general elections, Brian Faulkner was elected unopposed.

 Parliament prorogued 30 March 1972 and abolished 18 July 1973

References

Constituencies of the Northern Ireland Parliament
Downpatrick
Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies established in 1929
Historic constituencies in County Down
Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies disestablished in 1973


Acadia Cliffs State Nature Preserve is a state nature preserve in Washington County, Ohio, United States, with a small neck extending into Athens County, Ohio. Covering an area of , it was founded in 1994. It is known for its sandstone cliffs.  For a time, it was administered by the Ohio State Division of Wildlife, but is now administered by the Ohio Division of Nature Preserves. The nature preserve is close to the Washington-Athens County border.

The preserve centers on Beebe Road, which may be reached from Ohio State Route 144 east of Stewart, Ohio. The name derives from the fact that the land was formerly owned by the Acadia Coal Company.  The property includes an old millstone quarry, and many old millstones can still be seen on the site, now back in the forest.

This nature preserve was established in part to protect the Bradley's spleenwort, Asplenium bradleyi, which grows there.  The spleenwort is a state-listed plant species.

External links
Ohio Department of Natural Resources — Park information
Ohio Department of Natural Resources — Map

Ohio state forests
Protected areas established in 1994
Protected areas of Athens County, Ohio
Protected areas of Washington County, Ohio
Ohio State Nature Preserves
Protected areas of the Appalachians
1994 establishments in Ohio


K. T. Mohammed (29 September 1927 – 25 March 2008), popularly known as KT, was a Malayalam playwright and screenwriter. He had scripted about 40 stage plays, including Idhu Bhumiyanu (This is the Earth), considered to be his masterpiece. He had also written screenplay for about 20 films, including Kandam Becha Kottu, Thurakkatha Vathil, Moodupadam, and Kadalpalam. K. T. was a recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award.

Biography

K. T. was born in Manjeri in Malappuram district as the eldest son of a police constable [Number 353] called Kunjumuhammed and had very little formal education. After schooling he worked as a clerk in the postal department.

In 1952, he got the first prize in an all India short story contest for his story Kannukal (Eyes) which was later translated into many foreign languages. He was an active member of Brothers Music Club of Kozhikode which was the training ground of many famous artists. He worked as the editor of Chithrakarthika weekly for a brief period of time. He started Sangamam Theatre a professional drama troupe which staged many of his famous plays both inside and outside the state. In 1971, he was nominated as the Chairman of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi and in 1974 as Chairman of Kerala State Film Development Corporation.

He married actress Zeenath and that relation ended in divorce. The couple has a son Jithin. He died on 25 March 2008 at Pavangad, Kozhikode.

Selected plays

Oorum Perum (A Person with Name and Dignity)
Avar Theerumanikkunnu (They are Deciding)
Karavatta Pashu (The Cow that Stopped Milking)
Manushyan Karagruhathil (Man in Prison)
Ithu Bhoomiyanu (This is the Earth)
Kaffar
Acchanum Bappayum
Naalkkavala (The Junction)
Njan Pedikkunnu (I am Getting Frightened)
Kainathikal
his one of the work is Baburaj.PendulamKalithokku (The Toy Gun)Operation TheatreSrishti (The Creation)SthithiSamharam (The Annihilation)Sakshatkaram (The Fulfillment)Samanwayam (The Union)Sanatanum (The Eternal)SannahamVellapokkam (The Flood)Deepasthambam Mahashcharyam" Soothradharan"

Awards

Kerala State Film Awards twice, for the Best Screenwriting; Kadalpalam, 1969 and Achanum Bappayum'', 1972
Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship, 1982
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1986
 Bahrain Keraleeya Samajam "Sahithya Award", 2005

References

External links
K. T. at Calicutcity.com

Indian Muslims
Screenwriters from Kerala
Malayali people
Malayalam-language writers
Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights
1927 births
2008 deaths
People from Malappuram district
Kerala State Film Award winners
Malayalam screenwriters
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
Manjeri
20th-century Indian male writers
20th-century Indian screenwriters
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship


David Lawrence Belbin (born 19 January 1958) is an English novelist.

He was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire and has lived in Nottingham since attending the University of Nottingham where he earned a degree in English Literature and American Studies. After university, he taught English and Media Studies in Nottingham before becoming a full-time writer in 1994. Since 2002, he has worked part-time at Nottingham Trent University, where he teaches Creative Writing.

Belbin began his career by writing Young Adult Fiction, where his work is known for breaking boundaries and dealing responsibly with difficult social issues that affect teenagers. He first attained success with a number of books for Scholastic's Point Crime series. One of these, Avenging Angel, led to his own popular series, The Beat, which followed a group of young police officers through their two-year probationary period, culminating in the adult novel length Fallen Angel in 2000. The series dealt with racism, rape, paedophilia and homosexuality as well as conventional crimes, often of the kind committed by teenagers.

Belbin's best-known Young Adult novel is Love Lessons, which was published in 1998. "It is a full-length novel which examines the machinations and morality of a sexual affair between a male English teacher and a fifteen-year-old female student," Belbin has said. "I wrote the first draft as an adult novel. The young-adult version took me nearly ten years and a brave editor to get right, but it turned out to be a better book for it." Denial, published in 2004, deals with a similar theme—a teacher accused of molesting a student—in the first person, and many readers found it even more shocking. His most popular novels this century are Festival (2002) about the Glastonbury Pop Festival, and The Last Virgin (2003) which is a wide ranging book about teenage sexuality: 'The author always chooses to understand rather than condemn. He has written numerous novels about young adults but this is his most outspoken.'

Since the publication of Nicked! in 1999, Belbin has written a string of short novels for 'reluctant' readers, often dealing with the same kind of edgy themes as his full-length work. Stray (2006) is about a girl gang and drug dealing, while Shouting at the Stars (2005) about the nervous breakdown of a disabled teenage singer/songwriter is one of many books that reflect Belbin's interest in popular music.

Belbin's fiction for adults reflects many of the same concerns as his work for teenagers, but without the limits dictated by Young Adult Fiction's place in Children's Literature.  Witchcraft (Ambit magazine, 1989) is about ritual sexual abuse of children. Different Ways of Getting Drunk looks at a young woman's experiments with drugs and bisexuality. Vasectomy (Horizon magazine, 2008) shows a philandering Labour MP in the run up to the Iraq war. His first 'adult' novel, The Pretender (Five Leaves) was about literary forgery. He has also written an early guide to eBay and edited the Crime Express series of novellas which features work by both major and emerging crime writers.

Belbin's work has been translated into more than twenty-five languages. He had one of the world's first author websites (since 2000) and was an early user of Twitter, joining in 2007. He has written several comics on social issues for UNICEF including 'Cry Me A River', about globalisation. His 2015 contribution to the Dawn of The Unread graphic stories series, 'Shelves', is about his friendship with the novelist Stanley Middleton and the Nottingham novel.

In 2004, Belbin organised Turning Point, the UK's first national conference on Young Adult Fiction. It featured many significant Young Adult Fiction authors, including Kevin Brooks, Melvyn Burgess, Anne Cassidy, Keith Gray, Graham Marks, Nicola Morgan, Beverley Naidoo and Bali Rai. From 2012-19, he was a trustee of Nottingham Playhouse. For seven years, he chaired the company that successfully bid for Nottingham to become a Unesco City of Literature, the city receiving the award in December, 2015.

In 2011, Belbin began publishing a series of Nottingham-based novels about crime and politics, Bone And Cane, which follows a New Labour MP, Sarah Bone, and her ex-lover, convicted cannabis producer, Nick Cane, from 1997 onwards. The second novel in the sequence, "What You Don't Know" appeared in 2012. The same year saw his novel "Student", which chronicles the undergraduate years of a young woman in Nottingham and has been described as belonging to the emerging New-adult fiction genre. The latest Bone and Cane novel, "The Great Deception" (Freight Books), appeared in 2015. Some scenes in this novel predate the previous two, filling in the mysterious back story of Sarah's family, including her Labour minister grandfather and father, who died of AIDS. The presumed final book in the sequence, "Death in the Family" appeared in 2022.

In 2016, Belbin was awarded a PhD by Published Works in Creative Writing and published 'Provenance', which collected short stories written between 1987 and 2015. His most recent book is a memoir, mainly set in the 1970s, 'Don't Mention the Night' that weaves Belbin's life story together with that of singer/songwriters Nick Drake and Kevin Coyne and Nottingham group, Gaffa.

List of works

Novels
The Pretender (2008)
Bone And Cane (2011)
 What You Don't Know (2012)
Student (2012)
The Great Deception (2015)
Death in the Family (2022)

Young Adult novels
The Foggiest (1990)
Shoot The Teacher (1993)
Avenging Angel (1993)
Final Cut (1994)
Break Point (1995)
Deadly Inheritance (1996)
Dark Journey (1997)
Love Lessons (1998)
Dying For You (1999)
Dead Guilty (2000)
Festival (2001)
The Last Virgin (2002)
Denial (2004)

'The Beat' series
Missing Person (1995)
Black and Blue (1995)
Smokescreen (1996)
Asking for It (1996)
Dead White Male (1996)
Losers (1997)
Sudden Death (1997)
Night Shift (1998)
Victims (1998)
Suspects (1999)
Fallen Angel (2000)

Reluctant Reader novels
Nicked (1999)
Runaway Train (2000)
Harpies (2001)
Witness (2001)
Gambler (2002)
Coma (2004)
Stray (2006)
Shouting at the Stars (2005, abridged version 2008)
China Girl (2009)
Secret Gardens (2011)

Other books
The Right Moment (1999, historical children's novel)
Haunting Time (1999, short stories)
Boy King (2002, historical children's novel)
The eBay Book (2004, revised edition 2005)
Provenance: New and Collected Stories (2016, short stories)
Don't Mention the Night: a memoir (2023)

Books edited
City of Crime (1997, short stories by writers connected with Nottingham)
Middleton at Eighty (1999, with John Lucas, Festschrift for Booker Prize–winning Nottingham author)
Harris's Requiem by Stanley Middleton (2006, new edition of Middleton's second novel, with introduction)
25: Celebrating 25 Years of NTU's MA in Creative Writing (2019, with Rory Waterman, poetry & prose anthology)

References

External links
Official site and blog
Trent University page
Complete list of works

1958 births
Living people
Writers from Sheffield
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
Academics of Nottingham Trent University
English male writers


The Czilim-class ACV (Project 20910) is a small patrol hovercraft operated by the Border Service of the FSB of Russia.

Configuration
The Czilim class is the first new class of military hovercraft developed for the Russian military since the fall of the Soviet Union. It is based on an Almaz CMDB design and was ordered from Yaroslavl Shipyard in the late 1990s. It is roughly the same size as the British SR.N6 hovercraft.

The Czilim class was designed for border patrol duties on the Amur River on the border with China, and is expected to be used entirely by Russian border guards. It is intended as a smaller replacement for the Soviet . The first craft was laid down on 24 February 1998 and entered service on 18 September 2000. Three further craft were ordered at Yaroslavl in the late 1990s and early 2000s, though none are currently believed to be completed.

The Czilim class is capable of carrying six border guards and their equipment.

See also
 List of ships of the Soviet Navy
 List of ships of Russia by project number

References

External links

Ships of the Border Guard Service of Russia
Military hovercraft


Gift () is a 1966 Danish drama film directed by Knud Leif Thomsen and starring Søren Strømberg. In the United States this film is also known as Venom.

Cast
 Søren Strømberg - Per
 Sisse Reingaard - Susanne
 Poul Reichhardt - Henrik Steen
 Astrid Villaume - Hjørdis Steen
 Judy Gringer - Sonja, the Maid
 Grethe Mogensen - Frau Jacobsen, the Secretary
 Karl Stegger - Caretaker
 Per Goldschmidt - Teenager
 Jess Kølpin - Teenager
 Vic Salomonsen - Teenager
 Tine Schmedes - Teenager

Plot
The story is about a hedonistic young man Per, confident and cheeky, always with radical answers on how the world can change for the better. From his boat, he sees a blonde teenage girl Susanne, who is studying on her parents' private beach. In more ways than one, he demonstrates his superior rejection of anything "private," and begins his courtship.

Susanne becomes diffusely interested, and introduces him to the family, a conservative couple, who are going through a middle-age crisis. The generation gap is clearly demonstrated, when Per later uninvited shows up at their daughter's graduation party, and gives her a book of erotic literature as a gift, to her father's annoyance. In the quarrel that follows, it is hinted that pornography is the new ("religion").

Soon a couple, and when they hang out in his apartment, Per shows her 16mm pornographic films, showing various animal species' mating rituals, and a man copulating a woman from the rear. The message, that man is an animal, does not bother Susanne, hardly anything does, not even when he is challenging their relation, filming himself and her girl friends up close.

Hoping the daughter will get tired of her boyfriend, the parents invite him to stay with the family in their villa. The strategy fails and Per increasingly feels "at home" with his film camera, filming "his life".

Alone with Susanne's mother Hjørdis, she, like her daughter a little curious at first, is shown pornographic films, even those that show private intimate moments of her daughter Susanne. Shocked, she escapes the film screening, calls her husband and asks him to come home and throw Per out, and lock their daughter in her room.

Censorship controversy
The intense debate for or against censorship that preceded the premiere, many believe undermined the last arguments for maintaining censorship in Denmark (which was abolished altogether a few years later in 1969).

The film’s paradoxical anti-consumption and anti-porn message was mixed up with explicit pornographic sequences, never seen before in a commercial feature film, in any country. The fact these scenes were primary, and that the film had received an official Film Fund grant, contributed to the dilemma of the censorship committee.

Thomsen uncompromising, fought loudly and publicly for his artistic freedom, and arranged uncensored (more than well attended) previews with an alternative jury and students at Copenhagen University.

The state censorship board already inclined to release written works (1967), feeling compelled to find a compromise, consisting of cutting a haze filter "X" over the "censored" sections. And in doing so, it was argued, transforming an anti-pornographic film into pornography, all unintentionally helpful in marketing.

Critics reception
Exported to USA as the latest daring Scandinavian film, the US Customs had simply cut off the "X" parts, before the New York premiere in January 1968. Unexpectedly it received some positive reviews, which noted that Denmark was now a leader in film development into the unknown.

The critics back home in Denmark, however, did not like the image of the nation the film gave, and rejected it as tone deaf as for characters depicted. Nevertheless, it contained such “current” topics as book censorship, pornography and the protagonist's work with a handheld camera à la mode "New Wave".

References

External links

1966 films
1960s Danish-language films
1966 drama films
ASA Filmudlejning films
Danish black-and-white films
Films directed by Knud Leif Thomsen
Danish drama films


William Bainbridge (9 March 1922 – 1966) was an English footballer who played as a forward for Manchester United, Bury and Tranmere Rovers in the Football League.

Born in Gateshead, County Durham, Bainbridge began his career with Ashington, but his career was immediately interrupted by the Second World War. During the war, Bainbridge played for Hartlepools United. His exploits there led to him signing for Manchester United when peace was declared, but, although he scored in a friendly match on his debut, he only made one appearance for the club and signed for Bury in May 1946, losing his place in the United team to Johnny Carey. He spent just over two seasons with Bury and moved to Tranmere Rovers in November 1948 after just two appearances for the Shakers.

It was at Tranmere that Bainbridge made the biggest impact. In six seasons with the Wirral side, Bainbridge played in almost 170 league matches, scoring 63 goals in the process. He died in Chester in 1966 at the age of 44.

References

External links
Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
Profile at MUFCInfo.com

1922 births
1966 deaths
Footballers from Gateshead
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Ashington A.F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. wartime guest players
Manchester United F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
English Football League players
Stafford Rangers F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C. players


Papillomatosis of skin is skin surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae. These papillary projections of the epidermis form an undulating surface under microscopic examination.

See also
 Skin lesion
 Skin disease
 List of skin diseases
 Papilloma
 Laryngeal papillomatosis

References

External links

Dermatologic terminology


Mario Ponzo (; June 23,1882 – January 9, 1960) was an Italian academic psychologist. He was also the Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Rome as well as the Honorary President of the Italian Society of Psychology. He was born in Milan, Italy to a Piedmontese family.

Academic career
He went on to study medicine at the University of Turin while also studying psychology under Frederico Kiesow, receiving his degree in 1906. He was appointed docent in psychology in 1911 and worked under Kiesow for twenty-five years after his graduation, until he was asked to join the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Rome in 1931. There, he succeeded Sante De Sanctis as the chair of psychology and remained in the position until his retirement in 1952. After his retirement he worked as a non-staff professor for an additional five years, and was named Professor Emeritus in 1958. He was also involved in vocational guidance while he was in Rome and founded a school at the Institute of Psychology at the University of Rome.

Research
Ponzo contributed to several Italian and non-Italian psychology journals including Psychological Abstracts and Psychological Reports. In 1911 he published an article in the journal Archives Italiennes de Biologie which deals with the Aristotle illusion, a phenomenon where a small round object touched to two crossed fingers feels like two objects.
His name is associated with the so-called Ponzo illusion, although he never claimed to have discovered this effect, which can be traced to earlier publications. He studied it, and proposed that a similar contrast effect can explain the Moon illusion: the fact that the Moon appears much larger at the horizon.

For the Atti della Regia Accademia delle Scienze di Torino he wrote what has been described as the first article in Italian on the psychology of cinema. Two of his works on the topic were translated into English in 2017 as a part of a compilation of early film theories from Italy called The Little Magic Machine.  One of his articles on the psychology of cinema include Cinema and Juvenile Delinquency which looks at the relationship between negative behavior in young people and cinema. Another one is entitled"About Some Psychological Observations Made during Film Screenings'' which looks at the principle of motion perception during motion picture screenings.At the time of his death, he had been published approximately 280 times. Ponzo also served as a foreign associate for the American Psychological Association, as a member of the Hungarian and German Societies of Psychology, and of the International Association of Applied Psychology.
Ponzo was interested in variety of fields within the larger realm of psychology including sensory and perceptual processes, imaginative and representative processes, personality, psychomotor processes, and applied psychology.

References

Italian psychologists
Academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome
Health professionals from Turin
1882 births
1960 deaths
20th-century psychologists


Flowing Rivers is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Andy Gibb. The album was produced by Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson, with Barry Gibb on two tracks. It was released in September 1977 on RSO. Flowing Rivers was re-released by Polydor Records in 1998 in CD version.

Although the album is not currently in print, it was released to iTunes along with the other two Andy Gibb albums in 2011. From the album, two singles were released, "I Just Want to Be Your Everything" and "(Love Is) Thicker Than Water" (both peaked No. 1 in the US). Amy Hanson of AllMusic considered the songs in this LP as classic rock. The album was mainly produced by Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson, with Barry Gibb on two songs.

Background
In August 1973, at the age of 15, Gibb made his first recordings at the Nova Sound Studios in London. The songs are "Windows of My World" and the country number "My Father's a Rebel"  The second song was written by Maurice Gibb (according to a November 1973 fans club newsletter) who also produced the session. At the urging of his brother, Barry, Gibb returned to Australia in 1974. Barry believed that since Australia had been a good training ground for the Bee Gees, it would also help Andy's career.

While in Australia, Gibb recorded demos of his compositions as well as his own renditions of an old numbers. After the release of his first single, "Words and Music" he performed it on the Australian TV called The Ernie Sigley Show.

When Gibb had got the call from his brother Barry in June 1976 as he and Col Joye's company ATA had proceeded with the new single ("Words and Music") knowing that Gibb would go to Florida later that year, while his last recording session before moving to the US, including "In the End", "Flowing Rivers", "Come Home for the Winter" and "Let It Be Me" were re-recorded in Criteria.

Recording
Gibb recorded an album of songs at Criteria around October 1976. He came to Miami in September and the sessions at Criteria are known to have coincided with the Eagles recording Hotel California, which they completed in October. Eagles member Joe Walsh plays on two tracks and Andy said that listening to some of the Eagles' songs influenced the sound he wanted on his album. The sessions were produced by Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson, and with Barry on two songs, Galuten chose the experienced musicians who play on the album. The core group was Joey Murcia and Tim Renwick on guitar, Paul Harris and Galuten himself on piano and keyboards and Harold Cowart and Ron Ziegler on bass and drums. For some songs, they were joined by other top session players. Barry was very impressed with the polished sound of the session players. Barry was present to record only two songs ("I Just Want to Be Your Everything" and "(Love Is) Thicker Than Water") the two that he wrote for Andy, and although Andy said it ["Love Is (Thicker Than Water)"] was almost entirely Barry's work, it does sound a little closer to Andy's style.

On the album sessions, the title track was recorded for the third time. On Gibb's compositions, the tracks are a mix of country music and ballads. Galuten also contributed, writing "Dance to the Light of the Morning" and "Too Many Looks in Your Eyes".

Aftermath

The first Andy Gibb album was finally issued almost a year after it was recorded, carefully spaced between the Bee Gees releases. Andy wrote eight of the ten songs and Barry contributed to two. Andy was very suddenly very big in America, where both of the singles hit number 1. Unfortunately the ill effects of what Barry calls "first fame" had already claimed him by now. The title track was originally intended to be released by RSO as a single at the same time as "Love Is (Thicker Than Water)" but in favor of "Shadow Dancing" (later released on his next album), it was withdrawn.

After the release of Flowing Rivers, Andy revealed:

Track listing
All tracks written and composed by Andy Gibb, except where noted.

Personnel
 Andy Gibb – vocals
 Barry Gibb – background and harmony vocals on "I Just Want to Be Your Everything", "(Love Is) Thicker Than Water"
 John Sambataro – background vocals
 Joey Murcia – guitar
 George Terry – guitar
 Joe Walsh – guitar on "I Just Want to Be Your Everything", "(Love Is) Thicker Than Water"
 Don Buzzard – steel guitar
 Paul Harris – piano, keyboards
 Albhy Galuten – synthesizer, orchestral arrangement
 Harold Cowart – bass guitar
 Ron Ziegler – drums
 Nelson Pedron – percussion
 Mike Lewis – conductor
 Karl Richardson – sound engineer
 Steve Gersky – sound engineer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

1977 debut albums
Andy Gibb albums
Albums produced by Barry Gibb
RSO Records albums


Long Hill is a  estate in Beverly, Massachusetts and is managed by the Trustees of Reservations. From 1916 to 1979, the estate was the summer home of Ellery Sedgwick, author and editor of The Atlantic Monthly. The estate contains a Federal style home with formal gardens,  of hiking trails, woodlands, meadows and an apple orchard. The  of cultivated gardens and  of woodland grounds are open to the public daily.

Until 2017, the Long Hill mansion was used as the main office of The Trustees. In that year, a new headquarters was established in Boston. In 2021, a $6 million project to renovate the house and restore the gardens was started.

References

External links
 The Trustees of Reservations: Long Hill

The Trustees of Reservations
Houses in Beverly, Massachusetts
Parks in Essex County, Massachusetts
Gardens in Massachusetts
1979 establishments in Massachusetts
Protected areas established in 1979


John Richard Reilly (June 4, 1928 – October 12, 2008) was an adviser to a number of Democratic Party presidents and presidential candidates.

Reilly was born in Dubuque, Iowa, on June 4, 1928, as the only child of William and Stella Reilly. He received an undergraduate degree from the University of Iowa in 1952 and was granted a law degree in 1955. After his graduation from law school, Reilly was hired as an attorney working in the antitrust division of the United States Department of Justice. He joined John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign and was hired as an aide by Attorney General of the United States Robert F. Kennedy.

Reilly was given the assignment by the Kennedy administration to attend the speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28, 1963, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial as part of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Roger Mudd reported that Reilly told him that he was positioned on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial with a switch that would be used to cut off Dr. King's I Have a Dream speech "if the rhetoric got too inflammatory". A turntable with a 78-rpm recording of Mahalia Jackson's He's Got the Whole World in His Hands was on standby, having been selected in advance by Reilly.

As a member of the Federal Trade Commission in June 1964, Reilly was one of three commissioners who voted in the majority to require that cigarette manufacturers "clearly and prominently" place a warning on packages of cigarettes effective January 1, 1965, stating that smoking is dangerous to health, in line with the warning issued by a special committee formed by the Surgeon General of the United States Luther Leonidas Terry. The same warning would be required in all cigarette advertising effective July 1, 1965.

After leaving the FTC in 1967, Reilly became a partner with the Washington, D.C., law firm of Pierson, Ball & Dowd, and was founding partner in 1972 of the Washington, D.C. office of Winston & Strawn LLP, a firm based in Chicago.

Reilly served as a campaign aide to the presidential campaigns of all three of the Kennedys; for John in 1960, Robert in 1968 and Edward in 1980. He was also a campaign aide to Edmund S. Muskie in 1972, Walter Mondale in 1984 and Joseph Biden in 1988.

Reilly was in charge of the vice presidential search process on behalf of Walter Mondale in the 1984 Presidential election that led to the selection of Geraldine Ferraro as Mondale's running mate.

His wife was Margaret Warner, a senior correspondent for The PBS NewsHour. The two were married in 1986 at a ceremony held in Ogunquit, Maine.

He died of abdominal cancer on October 12, 2008, in Washington, at the age of 80.

References

1928 births
2008 deaths
People from Dubuque, Iowa
University of Iowa alumni
University of Iowa College of Law alumni
20th-century American lawyers


The Denver and Rio Grande Western K-28 is a class of ten  gauge narrow gauge  "Mikado" type steam locomotives built in 1923 by the Schenectady Locomotive Works of the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) for the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. They were the first new narrow gauge locomotives ordered by the railroad since 1903.  They initially comprised class E-4-148-S, but were reclassified K-28 in 1924 when the railroad reorganized into the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad.

Design

The chassis is of outside-frame design with the drive wheels placed between the two main frames and the steam cylinders and running gear (cranks, counterweights, rods and valve gear) to the outside.  This general arrangement was also used on the earlier class K-27 and later class K-36 and K-37 engines.

Operations
Among other duties, they were tasked with hauling the express passenger trains over the D&RGW's narrow gauge lines, such as the San Juan from Alamosa to Durango, the Shavano from Salida to Gunnison and The Silverton from Durango to Silverton. The K-28s also operated on the Chili Line from Antonito to Santa Fe until that route was closed in 1941.

White Pass & Yukon
During World War II, seven members of the class were purchased by the US Army for use on the White Pass and Yukon Route in Alaska and the Yukon where they were renumbered USA 250 to USA 256. But they did not fare well in the bitter Yukon winters.  In particular, the unusual, extended counterweights on the driving wheel axles made them liable to ride up on trackside ice, and as a result, lifting the engine off the rails. All seven were withdrawn from service in 1944 (coinciding with the winding-down of military operations, and the return of WP&Y to civilian control) and were barged to Seattle in 1946 for scrapping.

The K-28s today

The three locos which remained with the D&RGW, numbers 473, 476 and 478, were assigned to the Durango – Silverton tourist trains from the 1950s onwards. The Durango & Silverton inherited these when it took over the Silverton Branch in 1981.

Due to their smaller size, these engines are often used by the Durango & Silverton for shorter trains, usually the first or last on the schedule, and also for helper service or sectioned trains. Despite being slightly smaller, a little older and less powerful than the K-36s, the engine crews tend to favor a trip on these engines because the design ALCO used was superior in balance and servicing. Firing can be tricky when the engine is working hard, as the clamshell-style firedoors tend to pull into the backhead of the boiler due to the draft, and if any flues in the boiler are leaking, the loss of draft on the fire is much harder to work around than on the K-36 locomotives. Firing while the engine is working hard is done with a large "heel" pattern, generally with as little coal on the flue sheet as possible, and gradually sloping the fire bed towards the door sheet to the height or higher than the firedoors. This results in the draft being forced through the fire bed in the thinner areas towards the flue sheet, which usually is hindered by the lack of draft between the grates and the arch brick. New firemen sometimes have a hard time learning this because there are fewer training hours available on the K-28 class locomotives compared to the railroad's usual K-36 workhorses which have a larger firebox and are more forgiving of poor technique.

These locomotives are popular subjects for model railroaders and high quality scale models in HOn3 and On3 scales have been produced by several manufacturers since the 1950s.

Conversion to Oil
As of June 2022, locomotives 473 and 476 are in active service and have both been converted from coal-burning to oil-burning. Locomotive 478 is on temporary display in the D&SNG roundhouse museum where locomotive 476 was previously placed in, but will eventually undergo a complete overhaul.

Variants
The Oahu Railway and Land Company in Hawaii was impressed with the K-28 and ordered four locomotives of the same design which were delivered in 1925 and 1926. These were identical in specification but oil-fired and with minor differences in fittings (slightly shorter tender with an oil tank in place of the coal bunker, smokebox front, air compressor location, headlamp, etc.)

Roster

References

3 ft gauge locomotives
K-28
ALCO locomotives
2-8-2 locomotives
United States Army locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1923
Narrow gauge steam locomotives of the United States
Passenger locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States


Magaly Jesús Medina Vela (born March 31, 1963)  is a Peruvian entrepreneur, presenter, radio and television producer; most known for the popular celebrity gossip show "Magaly TeVe", that ran from 1997 to 2012. In it, she talked about the lives and scandals of Peruvian celebrities from "Chollywood," a portmanteau of the words "Cholo" and "Hollywood," which she minted.

In December 2016, it was announced that Medina would return to her journalistic roots by hosting "90 Matinal," the morning news segment on Latina, starting March 2017.

History
While being a journalist in the political weekly magazine Oiga, under the supervision of journalist Francisco "Paco" Igartua, for more than six years, she made her television debut in April 1991 on the journalistic debate show "Fuego Cruzado" in which, alongside other journalists and linguist Martha Hildebrandt, member of the Peruvian Academy of Language, harshly questioned and criticized well-known and now deceased television presenter Augusto Ferrando, whom they described as vulgar for his style as a host on his former TV show, "Trampolín a la Fama".

She moved on from local political reporting and crime news to show business  in a small segment on "El Noticiero," the news program on ATV. The segment, called "Pese a Quien le Pese," which was the launch platform for what would become Medina's greatest hit; a celebrity gossip show simply known as "MagalyTeVe" that would influence the way celebrity news are consumed in the country. The show made its debut on November 1, 1997, on ATV. During its most popular period, "Magaly TeVe" managed 30 points in ratings, hitting a high in January 2009 after returning from her 76 days in prison with an average of 39.1, and peaks of 56.4 and 44.5 in the A/B and C sectors, respectively.

Her show moved to Frecuencia Latina (now known as Latina) in the early years of 1998 to 2000, but move back to ATV in 2001 where it spanned into a printed magazine Revista Magaly TeVe, and stayed on the air until December 21, 2012.

After taking a two-year break, when she even participated as a guest jury on an episode of "Peru's Next Top Model," Medina returned to television with the simply titled "Magaly," making its debut on September 13, 2014  on Latina. A year later, she also produced "En Carne Propia, Anorexia y Bulimia" a special program on Latina that talked about these diseases through testimonies and research.

In December 2016, it was announced that Medina would return to her journalistic roots by hosting "90 Matinal," the morning news segment on Latina, starting March 2017.

Magaly TeVe Glossary

Chollywood

The portmanteau of the words "Cholo" and "Hollywood," a term that is widely used in Peru to describe its local show business of actors, musicians, comedians, TV presenters, soccer players and, now, reality TV stars.
(Not to be confused with the portmanteau of "China" and "Hollywood" used by some journalists covering Chinese film productions).

La Urraca

"The magpie" was the symbol of Magaly Medina's program since its inception.

Ampay

This is a controversial word of Quechua origin, used to determine situations in which someone is found doing something hidden. It is also a word commonly used while Peruvian children play Hide & Seek, in which the seeker yells "Ampay!" alongside the name of the person that they have found.

The success of the space of Mrs. Medina is due to the famous "ampays," which was usually paparazzi footage, shot by her team of "chacales," of celebrities cheating on their significant others [also nicknamed "jugadores" (players)] or sportsmen drinking on the streets.

Chacales

"Jackals" were the team of celebrity journalists or paparazzi videographers who worked under Medina, creating the segments of her show.

Figuretti

The term used for the celebrity that would show up on numerous news, seeking attention from the cameras, for reasons unknown.

Jugador or Jugadorazo

The term used for men, especially soccer players, that were linked romantically to several women. Used as the term "Lady's Man" or "Player."

Bataclana

The word "bataclana" appears in Latin America with the arrival of the Parisian theater company, Bataclan, in Buenos Aires in 1922. During the shows, showgirls with little clothing who lived their lives loosely would be called "bataclanas," pejoratively.

Medina popularized the term in Peruvian pop culture to refer to local showgirls, known as "vedettes." However, the term "vedette" in Latin America is used differently to France, where it's used to refer to actresses.

Calabacita

The term is taken from the Latino dubbing of "Married with Children," in which fictional character Al Bundy (played by Ed O'Neill) called his daughter, Kelly (played by Christina Applegate), pumpkin. "Calabacita" is almost a direct translation of the word "pumpkin," but with the added "little pumpkin," used to refer to pretty women with a lack of brains, a common description of Kelly Bundy.

References

 www.atv.pe/noticias/magaly-medina-369 ATV page on Magaly Medina

External links
 Magaly Medina on Facebook.
 Magaly Medina on Twitter.

Peruvian television presenters
Peruvian people of Mestizo descent
Peruvian people of Spanish descent
Peruvian people of Arab descent
Peruvian women television presenters
Peruvian activists
Peruvian YouTubers
1963 births
Living people


Davega Stores was a consumer durables, appliance, sporting goods, and apparel chain which operated 27 stores in the metropolitan New York City area in 1954.

The business was founded by I. Davega in 1879 at Third Avenue and 34th Street. H. M. Stein was the company's president in the mid-1950s. Its vice-president was Abram Davega, son of I. Davega. The firm was a division of the Atlas Stores Corporation.

Among the products sold by the retailer were televisions, radios, and baseball board games. The Kolster Radio Corporation signed an agreement with Davega Stores in late 1928, representing a significant addition to the retail outlets of the radio merchandise dealer. In 1936, Davega became a principal stockholder of Majestic Radio & Television.

Business history

Davega Stores' 14th location opened at 166-07 Jamaica Avenue in Jamaica, Queens, in November 1928. Their 27th store opened at 924 Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, in April 1932. By May 1953, there were 5 New Jersey locations (Hackensack, Jersey City, Newark, New Brunswick, and Paterson) and 10 New York locations (Manhattan, Astoria, Brooklyn, Flushing, Hempstead, Jamaica, Rego Park, White Plains, Syosset, and Yonkers).

In June 1953 the business announced a sharp increase in profit over the previous year which ended on March 31, 1952. Net income came to $118,998, amounting to 0.24 per common share. The firm's inventory increased by $143,000 over the previous year, with an inventory totaling $4,389,000. On December 16, 1953 Davega Stores' directors took no action on a common dividend, which had been 0.15, paid semiannually to shareholders. A regular quarterly dividend of 0.25 on 5 per cent preferred stock was declared, payable on January 2, 1954. In May 1954 the firm was generating $25,000,000 in annual revenue.

In April 1954, Davega Stores employed large newspaper space and window displays in marketing Line Drive, a baseball game manufactured by
Lord & Freber of Los Angeles, California. The product tested players team-managing ability and playing style.

The corporation opened a new store at 152 West 42nd Street, in the Times Square area, on November 6, 1954. On opening day the store offered bargains like a $20 table radio for $0.98 and reconditioned television receivers for $7.95. It remained open all night the first day of business and until twelve midnight the following day.

Bankruptcy

A federal court ordered Davega Stores into straight bankruptcy in April 1963, when its court-appointed trustee could not formulate a reorganization plan under which the chain could pay its debts. Eight of its stores were acquired by Henry Modell & Co. (parent company of today's Modell's Sporting Goods), which submitted a winning bid of $311,000 in an April 1963 auction. Henry Modell was the president of the newly formed Modell's Davega, Inc., which combined eight Davega Stores with its four discount locations. The headquarters of the new business was moved to Davega's store in the Commodore Hotel.

References

Defunct companies based in New York City
Retail companies established in 1879
Companies that have filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1963


Moments  is the second album by Norwegian pop singer Christine Guldbrandsen, released in 2004 in Norway and through Sony BMG Entertainment Norway.

Album information
This album was not as well received as Guldbrandsen's debut album, but it still managed to reach the Top 40 albums list in 2004.

Reviews

The review of the album on the Musical Discoveries website states "The first thing listeners will notice of the album, especially when comparing it to Surfing In The Air is the more classy recording style. Perhaps to appeal to a broader audience, rock and pop references are not overwhelming, but that's not to say that songs are without guitar or other instrumental solos... Moments is a superb follow-up album!"

Track listing

References

2004 albums
Christine Guldbrandsen albums


Laurier Avenue is a street in Ottawa, Canada.

Laurier Avenue may also refer to:
 Laurier Avenue (Montreal)

See also
 Laurier (disambiguation)
 Rue Laurier, in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada


Storeboard Media LLC is a media sales company that currently has the exclusive rights to place indoor billboards, called "StoreBoards", on the security pedestals at the entrances and exits of more than 13,725 chain drug stores across the United States, including CVS Pharmacy, Duane Reade, Kerr Drug, USA Drug, Rite Aid and K-Mart.

StoreBoards are currently in 50 states with markets including the top 50 designated marketing areas in the country and generate 1.2 billion plus monthly impressions. StoreBoards’ advertisers to date include P&G, Unilever, Hershey, Energizer, Vonage, Kraft,  Adams, L'Oréal, Maybelline, Pfizer, Redi-Clinics, Wyeth, CBS Television and CW11.

Storeboard Media LLC sells, produces, installs, and verifies StoreBoards on behalf of the retailer, as a new branding medium at the point-of-sale. StoreBoards are sold in four-week cycles to a single advertiser per store who provides their own creative content in advance. They typically feature a product or logo for branding purposes and have also been utilized extensively in New York City for the marketing of Broadway shows.

External links
  Website of StoreBoards Media LLC
 Storeboard Media Featured in New York Times
 Storeboard Media Featured In Drug Store News, July 17, 2008
 Storeboard Media Featured in Media Life, March 24, 2008
 Storeboard Media Featured in The New York Sun, February 3, 2006

References

Companies based in New York City
Marketing companies of the United States


Yinggen () is a town and the seat of Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County in the centre of Hainan. , it had 5 residential communities () and 16 villages under its administration. The Baihuashan Waterfall is located nearby.

See also
 List of township-level divisions of Hainan

References

Township-level divisions of Hainan
Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County
County seats in Hainan