Clare Rosamund Venables (17 March 1943 – 17 October 2003) was an English theatre director. She was artistic director of regional theatres in Lincoln, Stratford East (London), and Sheffield; she became Director of Education at the Royal Shakespeare Company, and she also directed a number of operas.

Early life
She was born in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, to Sir Peter Venables, first vice-chancellor of the University of Aston and a founder of the Open University, and Ethel Howell, an educational psychologist who chaired the Marriage Guidance Council.

She was educated at Manchester High School and Camp Hill School, Birmingham. She then read drama at Manchester University, gaining a first-class degree, and taught there for three years after graduating.

Career
Clare Venables started her career as director at the Theatre Royal in Lincoln in 1968, taking over as artistic director in 1970, with Howard Lloyd-Lewis as her assistant. They both moved on to the Manchester Library Theatre in 1973.

From 1977 to 1980, she was artistic director at the Theatre Royal in Stratford East, London, a high-profile role where she followed Joan Littlewood in the role.

From 1981 to 1992, she was artistic director at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, where she had a role in the early careers of Tim Albery, Stephen Daldry and Steven Pimlott.

She was active in the administration of the dramatic arts as a founding director of the Actors' Centre and as a member of the Arts Council drama panel. She was also active throughout her career in teaching: long before taking up her RSC post, she taught at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. From 1995 to 1999, she was principal of the BRIT School of Performing Arts and Technology in Croydon.

She was appointed Director of Education at the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1999, a post which she held until her death. In this role she worked on education projects in the United States with the University of Michigan, Columbia University, and Davidson College, and in England with many schools as well as the University of Warwick. One of her last projects was a production of Pericles with the homeless people's theatre company, Cardboard Citizens.

She contributed articles to Theatre Quarterly (1980), Plays and Players (1987) and Changes (1988).

Personal life
On 27 May 1971 she married the actor Robert Whelan; they separated in 1982. Their son, Joe, was born on 6 October 1978.

She died of breast cancer aged 60.

References

Further reading
 Kate Dorney, Venables, Clare Rosamund (1943–2003), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, first published January 2007. (Subscription required.)
 Lizbeth Goodman and Jane de Gay, Feminist Stages: Interviews with Women in Contemporary British Theatre. Routledge, 1996. , . (Includes an interview with Clare Venables.)

1943 births
2003 deaths
People from Southend-on-Sea
Alumni of the University of Manchester
English theatre directors
British women theatre directors
Academics of RADA
People educated at Manchester High School for Girls
People educated at King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Girls
University of Michigan people


The Abruzzo regional election of 2000 took place on 16 April 2000.

Giovanni Pace (National Alliance) was narrowly elected President, defeating incumbent Antonio Falconio (Democrats of the Left).

Results

Source: Ministry of the Interior

2000 elections in Italy
Elections in Abruzzo
April 2000 events in Europe


Paul Lyon Houston (born January 27, 1947) is Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Cornell University and Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

Education and career
Houston started his professorial career at Cornell University in 1975 following undergraduate study at Yale University, doctoral work at MIT, and postdoctoral research at the University of California at Berkeley.  He became chair of Cornell's department of chemistry and chemical biology (1997–2001), senior associate dean of the college of arts and sciences (2002–2005), and the Peter J. W. Debye Professor of Chemistry. Most recently, he was dean of the college of sciences at Georgia Tech (from 2007-2013).

Houston was a member of the Cornell Center for Materials Research, the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, and the Graduate Field of Applied Physics.  Houston has held visiting positions at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (1982), Columbia University (1986, 1987), the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan (1989), the University of California at Berkeley (2003), and the University of Rome La Sapienza (2001, 2006).  He has been an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow (1979–81), a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher Scholar (1980), and a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow (1986–87).

Houston served as a senior editor of the Journal of Physical Chemistry (1991–97), as chair of the American Physical Society Division of Laser Chemistry (1997–98), and as a member of the science and technology steering committee of Brookhaven National Laboratories (1998–2005).  Houston has authored or co-authored over 160 publications in the field of physical chemistry and a textbook on chemical kinetics.

Honors and awards
Houston was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1989 for "important contributions toward understanding molecular photodissociation dynamics, energy transfer, and gas-solid interactions; in particular, for his imaginative use of photofragment imaging and his development of the field of vector correlations".

In 2001, Housont shared with David W. Chandler the Herbert P. Broida Prize of the American Physical Society for work on product imaging in chemical dynamics.  He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003.

References

Living people
American physical chemists
Yale University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Cornell University faculty
Georgia Tech faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Chemical physicists
1947 births
Scientists from Hartford, Connecticut


Papyrus 54 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by siglum 𝔓54, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 5th century (or 6th century).

It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle of James, it contains only fragments of James 2:16-18.22-26; 3:2-4.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it, with some hesitation, in Category III (possibly II).

It is currently housed at the Princeton University Library (P. Princ. 15; earlier Garrett Depots 7742) in Princeton, New Jersey.

See also
 James 2; James 3
 List of New Testament papyri
 Princeton Papyri

References

Further reading
 Edward Harris Kase, Papyrus in the Princeton University Collections II (Princeton: 1936), pp. 1–3.

Images
 Image of 𝔓54 folio 1 recto
 Image of 𝔓54 folio 1 verso
 𝔓54 at the Princeton University Library Papyrus

External links

 Robert B. Waltz. 'NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri 𝔓54
 GA Papyrus 54. Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts

New Testament papyri
5th-century biblical manuscripts
Epistle of James papyri


Kristianstad FC is a Swedish football club located in Kristianstad. The club was formed in 2015 through a merger between Kristianstads FF and Kristianstad BoIS. The club is currently playing in Division 2, the fourth tier of Swedish football.

History
Kristianstads FF was founded in 1990, when the football section of IFK Kristianstad merged with Vilans BoIF. The club then began life in Division 3 Sydöstra Götaland, which was the fourth tier of Swedish football. In the first few seasons Kristianstads FF finished in mid-table positions but then won promotion at the end of the 1993 season after finishing top of the Division 3 Sydöstra Götaland.

The club established themselves in Division 2 Södra Götaland over the next four seasons before winning the division in 1998. There followed one season in Division 1 Södra in 1999 where the club finished in ninth position and were most unfortunate to be relegated at the end of the campaign as a result of league re-structuring. The club's confidence dipped in Division 2 Södra Götaland and a further relegation followed at the end of the 2001 season.

However the club were promoted from Division 3 Sydöstra Götaland in 2002 after finishing in second place. Over the rest of the decade the club has played in Division 1 Södra and Division 2 Södra Götaland where they currently reside.

The club is affiliated to the Skånes Fotbollförbund.

Players

First-team squad

Current youth players with first-team experience

Out on loan

Season to season

Managers
 Joakim Persson (Nov 4, 2015 – Sep 22, 2017)
 Atli Eðvaldsson (Sep 22, 2017 – Jan 15, 2018)
 Serdar Dayat (Jan 15, 2018 – May 22, 2018)
 Besnik Llazani (May 22, 2018 – May 2, 2019)
 Joacim Velander (May 2, 2019 – October 17, 2019)
 Pierre Ferreira (October 17, 2019 – November 27, 2019)
 Jack Majgaard Jensen (November 27, 2019 – December 13, 2019)
 Anders Swahn (January 9, 2020 – November 18, 2020)
 Mladen Blagojevic (November 18, 2020 – )

Footnotes

References

External links
 Official site
 SvFF page

Kristianstad FC
Football clubs in Skåne County
Sport in Kristianstad
Association football clubs established in 1990
1990 establishments in Sweden
Association football clubs established in 2015
2015 establishments in Sweden


Charity dating is a process of raising money for charity by being taken on a date by someone who will donate money to charity for the privilege. It is common for celebrities to help charitable causes by auctioning off a paid date with themselves to a loyal audience, which sees a great value in such a date.

History
With the rise of celebrity culture many people are willing to pay large sums to meet their favorite celebrity. For example, Scarlett Johansson auctioned a pair of tickets to attend the premiere of her 2009 movie He's Just Not That Into You, raising $40,100 for Oxfam.

Formats

The most common form of celebrity date auctions is through a charity fundraising event. These events are organized by charities or other parties and usually include dinner, speakers and other entertainment.

More recently, the online auction site eBay has been used to allow a wider audience to bid for a date with a celebrity. One common auction is for the chance to attend a film premiere with the celebrity. Examples include Scarlett Johansson, Kristin Davis, and Colin Firth.

In May 2009, GiveAndDate.com launched in New York City. In September 2009, The Chronicle of Philanthropy profiled how the for-profit dating site accepts donations to partnered charities when one user wants to send a message to another user.

References

Further reading


Unió Deportiva Cassà is a football team based in Cassà in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1946, the team plays in Segona Catalana. The club's home ground is Estadi Municipal, which has a capacity of 2,000 spectators.

History
Founded in 1946.
In June 2010, the club was relegated to Preferent Territorial due to economic limitations.

Season to season

3 seasons in Tercera División

References

External links
fcf.cat profile

Football clubs in Catalonia
Association football clubs established in 1946
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol clubs
1946 establishments in Spain


Sceloporus becki, also known as the island fence lizard, is a species of lizard endemic to the Channel Islands of California.

Taxonomy
It was once considered a subspecies of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis), but is now considered to be its own species.

Etymology
The specific epithet, becki, is in honor of Rollo Howard Beck, an American ornithologist who collected the first specimens.

References

Flaxington, William (2005). Photograph of Island fence lizard on Santa Cruz Island. Calphotos

External links
 National Park Service, Channel Islands - Island Fence Lizard U.S. Department of the Interior
 Island Fence Lizard - Sceloporus occidentalis becki CaliforniaHerps.com A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of California

Sceloporus
Endemic fauna of California
Fauna of the Channel Islands of California
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Lizards of North America
Endemic reptiles of the United States
Reptiles described in 1905
Taxa named by John Van Denburgh
Fauna without expected TNC conservation status


Walter Schmidt may refer to:

Walter Schmidt (baseball)
Walter Schmidt (footballer)
Walter Schmidt (hammer thrower)
Walter Schmidt (minister), fourth Chief Apostle of the New Apostolic Church
Walter Schmidt (Wisconsin politician) (1898–1987)


If the World Was You is an album by J.D. Souther, released in 2008. It was his first studio release in 24 years, recorded live with a five piece jazz ensemble.

Track listing
All the song written by J.D. Souther.
 "I'll Be Here at Closing Time" – 3:38
 "House of Pride" – 3:16
 "Journey Down the Nile" – 4:46
 "One More Night (Killing Spree)" – 4:18
 "In My Arms Tonight" – 4:22
 "Rain" – 5:03
 "A Chorus of Your Own" – 6:19
 "The Border Guard" – 4:26
 "Brown (Osaka Story)" – 5:49
 "Come On Up" – 4:20
 "The Secret Handshake of Fate" – 12:56
"On The Day Nobody Likes You" - 5:55 (bonus track for Japan -- appears as track 11, preceding "The Secret Handshake of Fate")

Personnel
John David Souther – vocals, guitar, sax
Béla Fleck – banjo
Jeff Coffin – flute, saxophone
Marie Vanel Borderon Choir – chorus
Sylvia Elana Garcia Choir – chorus, soloist
Dan Immel – bass
Marisol LaBoy Choir – chorus
Jim Mayer – bass
Rod McGaha – trumpet
Chris Walters – piano
Jim White – drums, percussion
Production notes
John David Souther – producer
Jim White – digital editing
Erick Anderson – portraits
Richie Biggs – digital editing, mixing
Niko Bolas – engineer, mixing
Ernest Chapman – photography
Jim McGuire – photography, cover portrait
John Netti – engineer
Mark Petaccia – engineer
David Robinson – engineer
Ron Stone – management
Edward O'Day – management
Richard Dodd – mastering
Cheryl Gibson – photography
Jordan Brooke Hamlin – layout design, packaging, cover graphics

References

External links
 Official Website
 Official Myspace page with clips from the new album

2008 albums
J. D. Souther albums


This is a list of electors (members of the Electoral College) who cast ballots to elect the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2008 presidential election. There are 538 electors from the 50 states and the District of Columbia.  While every state except Nebraska and Maine chooses the electors by statewide vote, many states require that one elector be designated for each congressional district. Except where otherwise noted, such designations refer to the elector's residence in that district rather than election by the voters of the district.

Alabama
Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:

 Les Barnett of Mobile, elector for Alabama's 1st congressional district.
 Will Sellers of Montgomery, elector for Alabama's 2nd congressional district.
 Ralph (Al) Blythe of Alexander City, elector for Alabama's 3rd congressional district.
 W. Jack Stiefel of Rainsville, elector for Alabama's 4th congressional district.
 J. Elbert Peters of Huntsville, elector for Alabama's 5th congressional district.
 Matthew Fridy of Montevallo, elector for Alabama's 6th congressional district.
 Robert (Bob) A.  Cusanelli of Carrollton, elector for Alabama's 7th congressional district.
 Cam Ward of Alabaster, at-large elector.
 James (Jim) Eldon Wilson of Montgomery, at-large elector.

Alaska
Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
 Roy Burkhart of Willow, at-large elector.
 Hope Nelson of Anchorage, at-large elector.
 Robert Brodie of Kodiak, at-large elector.

Arizona
Electors: 10, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:

 Bruce Ash of Tucson, elector for Arizona's 1st congressional district.
 Kurt Davis of Flagstaff, elector for Arizona's 2nd congressional district.
 Wes Gullett of Phoenix, elector for Arizona's 3rd congressional district.
 Sharon Harper of Phoenix,  elector for Arizona's 4th congressional district.
 Jack Londen of Phoenix, elector for Arizona's 5th congressional district.
 Beverly Lockett Miller of Sedona, elector for Arizona's 6th congressional district.
 Lee Miller of Phoenix, elector for Arizona's 7th congressional district.
 Bettina Nava of Phoenix, elector for Arizona's 8th congressional district.
 Randy Pullen of Phoenix, at-large elector.
 Michael Rappoport of Scottsdale, at-large elector.

Arkansas
Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Jim Burnett of Clinton, elector for Arkansas's 2nd congressional district.
Reta Hamilton of Bella Vista, elector for Arkansas's 3rd congressional district.
Rose Bryant Jones of Little Rock, elector for Arkansas's 1st congressional district.
Phyllis Kincannon of Maumelle, elector for Arkansas's 2nd congressional district.
Steve Lux of Pine Bluff, elector for Arkansas's 4th congressional district.
Kermit Parks of El Dorado, elector for Arkansas's 4th congressional district.

California
Electors: 55, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
 Ian Robert Blue of Ukiah, elector for California's 1st congressional district.
 Mark H Cibula of Igo, elector for California's 2nd congressional district.
 Richard Allen Hundrieser of Sacramento, elector for California's 3rd congressional district.
 Lawrence Steven Du Bois of Loomis, elector for California's 4th congressional district.
 Mark Friedman of Sacramento, elector for California's 5th congressional district.
 Mary W Hubert of San Rafael, elector for California's 6th congressional district.
 Fred D Jackson of Richmond, elector for California's 7th congressional district.
 LeRoy King of San Francisco, elector for California's 8th congressional district.
 Roberta C Brooks of Berkeley, elector for California's 9th congressional district.
 Audrey Gordon of Orinda, elector for California's 10th congressional district.
 Michael McNerney of Pleasanton, elector for California's 11th congressional district.
 Nancy Jean Parrish of San Francisco, elector for California's 12th congressional district.
 James Paul Farley of Hayward, elector for California's 13th congressional district.
 John Freidenrich of Atherton, elector for California's 14th congressional district.
 Jeremy Seiji Nishihara of San Jose, elector for California's 15th congressional district.
 Jaime A Alvarado of San Jose, elector for California's 16th congressional district.
 Vinz J Koller of Carmel-by-the-Sea, elector for California's 17th congressional district.
 Gregory Ray Olzack of Atwater, elector for California's 18th congressional district.
 David A. Sanchez of Rancho Mirage, elector for California's 19th congressional district.
 Larry Sheingold of Sacramento, elector for California's 20th congressional district.
 Stephen Allen Smith of Fresno, elector for California's 21st congressional district.
 Mark A Macarro of Temecula, elector for California's 22nd congressional district.
 Nathan Eric Brostrom of Berkeley, elector for California's 23rd congressional district.
 Robert "Bob" M Handy of Santa Barbara, elector for California's 24th congressional district.
 Robert D. Conaway of Hinkley, elector for California's 25th congressional district.
 Greg Warner of Rancho Cucamonga, elector for California's 26th congressional district.
 Lane Sherman of Northridge, elector for California's 27th congressional district.
 Ilene Haber of Sherman Oaks, elector for California's 28th congressional district.
 Kenneth Sulzer of Los Angeles, elector for California's 29th congressional district.
 Sanford Weiner of Los Angeles, elector for California's 30th congressional district.
 Ana Delgado Mascarenas of Los Angeles, elector for California's 31st congressional district.
 Joe Perez of Santa Monica, elector for California's 32nd congressional district.
 Gwen Moore of Los Angeles, elector for California's 33rd congressional district.
 Anthony Rendon of Los Angeles, elector for California's 34th congressional district.
 Karen D. Waters of Inglewood, elector for California's 35th congressional district.
 Kelley Schnaitter Willis of Venice, elector for California's 36th congressional district.
 Silissa Uriarte-Smith of Long Beach, elector for California's 37th congressional district.
 Norma Judith Torres of Pomona, elector for California's 38th congressional district.
 Alma Marquez of South Gate, elector for California's 39th congressional district.
 Ray L Cordova of Garden Grove, elector for California's 40th congressional district.
 Patrick Kelly Kahler of Highland, elector for California's 41st congressional district.
 Aaruni Kumar Thakur of Fullerton, elector for California's 42nd congressional district.
 Joe Baca Jr. of Rialto, elector for California's 43rd congressional district.
 Juadina Stallings of Corona, elector for California's 44th congressional district.
 Betty McMillion of Beaumont, elector for California's 45th congressional district.
 William F. Gusta Ayer of Fountain Valley, elector for California's 46th congressional district.
 Gregory Howes Willenborg of Santa Ana, elector for California's 47th congressional district.
 James L. Yedor of Santa Anna, elector for California's 48th congressional district.
 Bobby Gene Glaser of San Diego, elector for California's 49th congressional district.
 Mary Elizabeth Keadle of Rancho Santa Fe, elector for California's 50th congressional district.
 Frank G. Salazar of Imperial, elector for California's 51st congressional district.
 Christine Raye Young of Oceanside, elector for California's 52nd congressional district.
 Sid Voorakkara of San Diego, elector for California's 53rd congressional district.
 Aleita Huguenin of Rancho Murieta, at-large elector.
 Lou Paulson of Walnut Creek, at-large elector.

Colorado
Electors: 9, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
 Wellington Webb of Denver, elector for Colorado's 1st congressional district.
 Terry Phillips of Louisville, elector for Colorado's 2nd congressional district.
 Camilla Auger of Aspen, elector for Colorado's 3rd congressional district.
 Pam Shaddock of Greeley, elector for Colorado's 4th congressional district.
 Jennifer Trujillo-Sanchez of Colorado Springs, elector for Colorado's 5th congressional district.
 Don Strickland of Centennial, elector for Colorado's 6th congressional district.
 Ann Knollman of Arvada, elector for Colorado's 7th congressional district.
 Polly Baca of Denver, at-large elector.
 Margaret Atencio of Denver, at-large elector.

Connecticut
Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Shirley W. Steinmetz of Wethersfield, at-large elector.
Nicholas Paindiris of Glastonbury, at-large elector.
Andrea Jackson Brooks of New Haven, at-large elector.
Jim Ezzes of Westport, at-large elector.
Lorraine McQueen of Wolcott, at-large elector.
Deborah McFadden of Wilton, at-large elector.
Ken Delacruz of North Stonington, at-large elector.

Delaware
Electors: 3, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
James Johnson of Wilmington, at-large elector.
Ted Kaufman of Wilmington, at-large elector.
Harriet Smith Windsor of Dover, at-large elector.

District of Columbia
Electors: 3, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Muriel Bowser, at-large elector.
Jerry S. Cooper, at-large elector.
Vincent C. Gray, at-large elector.

Florida
Electors: 27, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden
Wills Chip Arndt, Jr. of Miami Beach, FL, at-large elector.
T. Wayne Bailey of DeLand, FL, at-large elector.
Fred Balsera of Coral Gables, FL, at-large elector.
Terrie Brady of Jacksonville, FL, at-large elector.
Karl Flagg of Palatka, FL, at-large elector.
Joe Gibbons of Hallandale Beach, FL, at-large elector.
Janet Goen of Tarpon Springs, FL, at-large elector.
James Golden of Bradenton, FL, at-large elector.
Chris Hand of Jacksonville, FL, at-large elector.
Marlon Hill of Miami, FL, at-large elector.
Tony Hill of Jacksonville, FL, at-large elector.
Joan Joseph of Jupiter, FL, at-large elector.
Allan Katz of Tallahassee, FL, at-large elector.
Gena Keebler of Saint Petersburg, FL, at-large elector.
Joan Lane of DeLand, FL, at-large elector.
Caren Lobo of Sarasota, FL, at-large elector.
Rick Minor of Tallahassee, FL, at-large elector.
Jared Moskowitz of Parkland, FL, at-large elector.
Angela Rodante of Tampa, FL, at-large elector.
Frank Sanchez of Tampa, FL, at-large elector.
Juanita Scott of Pensacola, FL, at-large elector.
Geraldine Thompson of Orlando, FL, at-large elector.
Karen Thurman of Dunnellon, FL, at-large elector.
Carmen Torres of Orlando, FL, at-large elector.
Kirk Wagarof Miami, FL, at-large elector
Enoch Williams of Heathrow, FL, at-large elector.
Frederica Wilson of Miami, FL, at-large elector.

Georgia
Electors: 15, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
 Esther Clark of Buford, GA, at-large elector.
 Dennis Coxwell of Warrenton, GA, at-large elector.
 Norma Edenfield of Atlanta, GA, at-large elector.
 Randy Evans of Atlanta, GA, at-large elector.
 Sue Everhart of Atlanta, GA, at-large elector.
 Leigh Ann Gillis of Atlanta, GA, at-large elector.
 Judy Goddard of Warner Robins, GA, at-large elector.
 Linda Herren of Atlanta, GA, at-large elector.
 Rufus Montgomery of Atlanta, GA, at-large elector.
 Clint Murphy of Savannah, GA, at-large elector.
 Sunny Park of Atlanta, GA, at-large elector.
 Alec Poitevint of Bainbridge, GA, at-large elector.
 John Sours of Smyrna, GA, at-large elector.
 Allan Vigil of McDonough, GA, at-large elector.
 John White of Decatur, GA, at-large elector.

Hawaii
Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
 Joy Kobashigawa Lewis of Honolulu, HI, at-large elector.
 Marie Dolores Strazar of Hilo, HI, at-large elector.
 Amefil Agbayani of Honolulu, HI, at-large elector.
 Frances K. Kagawa of Honolulu, HI, at-large elector.

Idaho
Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Darlene Bramon of Hailey, ID, at-large elector.
Ben Doty of Boise, ID, at-large elector.
John Erickson of Lewisville, ID, at-large elector.
Melinda Smyser of Parma, ID, at-large elector.

Illinois
Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Constance A. Howard of Chicago, IL, elector for Illinois's 1st congressional district
Carrie Austin of Chicago, IL, elector for Illinois's 2nd congressional district
Andrew Madigan, of Chicago, IL, elector for Illinois's 3rd congressional district, (replaced Shirley R. Madigan)
Ricardo Muñoz of Chicago, IL, elector for Illinois's 4th congressional district
James DeLeo of Chicago, IL, elector for Illinois's 5th congressional district
Marge Friedman of Park Forest, IL, elector for Illinois's 6th congressional district
Vera Davis of Chicago, IL, elector for Illinois's 7th congressional district
Nancy Shepardson of Deer Park, IL, elector for Illinois's 8th congressional district
William A. Marovitz of Chicago, IL, elector for Illinois's 9th congressional district
Lauren Beth Gash of Highland Park, IL, elector for Illinois's 10th congressional district
Debbie Halvorson of Crete, IL, elector for Illinois's 11th congressional district
Molly McKenzie of Belleville, IL, elector for Illinois's 12th congressional district
Julia Kennedy Beckman of Darien, IL, elector for Illinois's 13th congressional district
Mark Guethle of North Aurora, IL, elector for Illinois's 14th congressional district
Lynn Foster of Danville, IL, elector for Illinois's 15th congressional district
John M. Nelson of Rockford, IL, elector for Illinois's 16th congressional district
Mary Boland of East Moline, IL, elector for Illinois's 17th congressional district
Shirley McCombs of Petersburg, IL, elector for Illinois's 18th congressional district
Don Johnston of Moline, IL, elector for Illinois's 19th congressional district
Barbara Flynn Currie of Chicago, IL, at-large elector
John R. Daley, of Chicago, IL, at-large elector

Indiana
Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Jeffrey L. Chidester of Valparaiso, IN, at-large elector.
Owen "Butch" Morgan of South Bend, IN, at-large elector.
Michelle Boxell of Warsaw, IN, at-large elector.
Charlotte Martin of Indianapolis, IN, at-large elector.
Jerry J. Lux of Shelbyville, IN, at-large elector.
Connie Southworth of Salamonia, IN, at-large elector.
Alan P. Hogan of Indianapolis, IN, at-large elector.
Myrna E. Brown of Vincennes, IN, at-large elector.
Clarence Benjamin Leatherbury of Salem, IN, at-large elector.
Daniel J. Parker of Indianapolis, IN, at-large elector.
Cordelia Lewis Burks of Indianapolis, IN, at-large elector.

Iowa
Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
 Elwood Thompson of Waterloo, IA, elector for Iowa's 1st congressional district.
 Slayton Thompson of Cedar Rapids, IA, elector for Iowa's 2nd congressional district.
 Kathleen O'Leary of Des Moines, IA, elector for Iowa's 3rd congressional district.
 Jon Heitland of Iowa Falls, IA, elector for Iowa's 4th congressional district.
 Dennis Ryan of Onawa, IA, elector for Iowa's 5th congressional district.
 Joe Judge of Albia, IA, at-large elector.
 Audrey Linville of Davenport, IA, at-large elector.

Kansas
Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Tom Arpke of Salina, KS, at-large elector.
Jeff Colyer of Overland Park, KS, at-large elector.
David Kensinger of Topeka, KS, at-large elector.
Kris Kobach of Piper, KS, at-large elector.
Mike Pompeo of Wichita, KS, at-large elector.
Helen Van Etten of Topeka, KS, at-large elector.

Kentucky
Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
James Henry Snider of Franklin, KY, elector for Kentucky's 1st congressional district.
Walter A. Baker of Glasgow, KY, elector for Kentucky's 2nd congressional district.
Edna M. Fulkerson of Louisville, KY, elector for Kentucky's 3rd congressional district.
Amy B. Towles of Fort Thomas, KY, elector for Kentucky's 4th congressional district
Nancy Mitchell of Corbin, KY, elector for Kentucky's 5th congressional district.
Don Ball of Lexington, KY, elector for Kentucky's 6th congressional district.
Robert Gable of Frankfort, KY, at-large elector.
Elizabeth G. Thomas of Flemingsburg, KY, at-large elector.

Louisiana
Electors: 9, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Lynn E. Skidmore of Metairie, LA, elector for Louisiana's 1st congressional district.
Joe Lavigne of New Orleans, LA, elector for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district.
Gordon J. Giles of Houma, LA, elector for Louisiana's 3rd congressional district.  He replaced Billy Nungesser of Port Sulphur, who was absent due to illness.
Alan Seabaugh of Shreveport, LA, elector for Louisiana's 4th congressional district.
Karen Haymon of Alexandria, LA, elector for Louisiana's 5th congressional district.
Charles Davis of Baton Rouge, LA, elector for Louisiana's 6th congressional district.
Charlie Buckels of Lafayette, LA, elector for Louisiana's 7th congressional district.
Dianne Christopher of New Roads, LA, at-large elector.
Roger F. Villere, Jr. of Metairie, LA, at-large elector.

Maine
Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Jill Duson of Portland, Maine, elector for Maine's 1st congressional district.
Samuel Shapiro of Waterville, Maine, elector for Maine's 2nd congressional district.
Robert O'Brien of Peaks Island, Maine, at-large elector.
Tracie Reed of Portland, Maine, at-large elector.

Maryland
Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Gene Ransom of Chester, MD, at-large elector.
Delores Kelley of Baltimore, MD, at-large elector.
Guy Guzzone of Columbia, MD, at-large elector.
Nathaniel Exum of Landover, MD, at-large elector.
Christopher Reynolds of Port Republic, MD, at-large elector.
A.G. Bobby Fouche of Hagerstown, MD, at-large elector.
Elizabeth Bobo of Columbia, MD, at-large elector.
Michael Barnes of Chevy Chase, MD, at-large elector.
Susan Lee of Bethesda, MD, at-large elector.
Rainier Harvey of Woodlawn, at-large elector.

Massachusetts
Electors: 12, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Samuel Poulten of Chelmsford, MA, at-large elector.
Melvin Poindexter of Watertown, MA, at-large elector.
Jason Whittet of Wellesley, MA, at-large elector.
Joseph H. Kaplan of Mansfield, MA, at-large elector.
John P. Brissette of Worcester, MA, at-large elector.
Raymond A. Jordan of Springfield, MA, at-large elector.
Patricia Marcus of Greenfield, MA, at-large elector.
Brenda Brathwaite of Dorchester, MA, at-large elector.
Carol Pacheco of Dedham, MA, at-large elector.
Mary Anne Dube of Worcester, MA, at-large elector.
Faye Morrison of Ayer, MA, at-large elector.
Corinne Wingard of Agawam, MA, at-large elector.

Michigan
Electors: 17, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Brenda Abbey, Jackson
Dallas Dean, Grant
Ida DeHaas, Belmont
Ron Gettelfinger, Canton
James Hoffa, Troy
Kenneth Paul Jenkins, Macomb Twp.
Harry Kalogerakos, Grosse Pointe Farms
Jessica Mistak, Redford
Arturo Reyes, Grand Blanc
Griffin Rivers, Lansing
Gary Shepherd, Saginaw
Roger Short, Detroit
Arthur Shy, Dearborn Heights
Richard West, Cheboygan
Whitney Randall Wolcott, Gobles
David Woodward, Royal Oak
Charlene Yarbrough, Lathrup Village

Minnesota
Electors: 10, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Arthur A. Anderson of Albert Lea
Jim Gremmels of Glenwood
David W. Lee of Minneapolis
Al Patton of Sartell
Joan M. Wittman of St. Paul
William J. Davis of Brooklyn Park
Benjamin F. Gross of Eagan
Matt Little of Maplewood
Jackie Stevenson of Minnetonka
Susan Kay Moravec of Shakopee

(Donyta J. Wright of Hibbing was originally one of those elected, but when she did not appear for the ceremony, she was replaced by alternate Moravec by a drawing.)

Mississippi
Electors: 6, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Jim Barksdale
Barry Bridgforth
Fred Carl, Jr.
Bobby Chain, former Mayor of Hattiesburg
Charles Doty
Victor Mavar

Missouri
Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:

Willis Corbett of St. Louis, MO, elector for Missouri's 1st congressional district.
Scott Dickenson of Eureka, MO, elector for Missouri's 2nd congressional district.
Robert Haul of St. Louis, MO, elector for Missouri's 3rd congressional district.
Ronny Margason of  Jefferson City, MO, elector for Missouri's 4th congressional district.
Cathy Owens of Kansas City, MO, elector for Missouri's 5th congressional district.
Ron Muck of Kansas City, MO, elector for Missouri's 6th congressional district.
Gene Hall of Anderson, MO, elector for Missouri's 7th congressional district.
R. Mellene Schudy of Mountain Grove, MO, elector for Missouri's 8th congressional district.
Nadine Thurman of Clarence, MO, elector for Missouri's 9th congressional district.
Paul Nahon of Springfield, MO, at-large elector.
Jerry Dowell of Columbia, MO, at-large elector.

Montana
Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
 Thelma Baker of Missoula, MT, at-large elector.
 John Brenden of Scobey, MT, at-large elector.
 Errol Galt of Martinsdale, MT, at-large elector.

Nebraska
Nebraska is not a winner take-all state.  Nebraska is the first state in the modern era to have a split electoral decision.

Electors: 4, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin; 2 at large, 1 for each of the 1st and 3rd Congressional districts.  1 pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
 Charles Thone of Lincoln, NE, elector for Nebraska's 1st congressional district pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin.
 William Forsee is of Bellevue, NE, elector for Nebraska's 2nd congressional district pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden.
 D. Neal Smith of Gering, NE, elector for Nebraska's 3rd congressional district pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin.
 Norman Riffel of Springfield, NE, at-large elector pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin.
 Patricia Dorwart of Sidney, NE, at-large elector pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin.

Nevada
Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Maggie Carlton of Las Vegas, NV.
Tahis Castro of Reno, NV.
Ruby Duncan of Las Vegas, NV.
Ron Hibble of Pioche, NV.
Theresa Navarro of Reno, NV.

New Hampshire
Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Martha Fuller Clark of Portsmouth, NH, at-large elector.
Gaeten DiGangi of Merrimack, NH, at-large elector.
Edgar "Ned" Helms of Concord, NH, at-large elector.
Kathleen N. Sullivan of Manchester, NH, at-large elector.

New Jersey
Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Jose Colon
William Fontanez
Gina Genovese
Wilma Grey
Kevin G. Halpern
Victor J. Herlinsky, Jr.
Stacy Lubrecht
Salaheddin Mustafa
Peter D. Nichols
William W. Northgrave
Ken Saunders
Ginger Gold Schnitzer
Carl E. Styles
Shavonda E. Sumter
Stephen S. Weinstein

New Mexico
Electors: 5, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Brian S. Colon of Albuquerque, NM
Annadelle Sanchez of Espanola, NM
Tom Buckner, of Rio Rancho, NM
Christy French, of Las Cruces, NM
Alvin Warren, of Espanola, NM

New York
Electors: 31, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Velda Jeffrey
June F. O'Neill
Dennis Mehiel
David Paterson
Andrew Cuomo
Thomas DiNapoli
Sheldon Silver
Malcolm Smith
Maria Luna
Robert Master
Pamela Green-Perkins
Helen D. Foster
Jon Cooper
Hakeem Jeffries
Richard Fife
Deborah A. Slott
Terrence Yang
George Arthur
George Gresham
Alan Van Capelle
Inez Dickens
Suzy Ballantyne
Alan Lubin
Bethaida González
Christine Quinn
Bill Thompson
Stuart Applebaum
Maritza Davila
Ivan Young
Barbara Fiala
Frank A. Bolz, III

North Carolina
Electors: 15, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Janice Cole, elector for North Carolina's 1st congressional district.
Louise Sewell, elector for North Carolina's 2nd congressional district.
Virginia Tillett, elector for North Carolina's 3rd congressional district.
Linda Gunter, elector for North Carolina's 4th congressional district.
Timothy Futrelle, elector for North Carolina's 5th congressional district.
Wayne Abraham, elector for North Carolina's 6th congressional district.
Armin J. Ancis, elector for North Carolina's 7th congressional district.
Wendy Wood, elector for North Carolina's 8th congressional district.
Michael Cognac, elector for North Carolina's 9th congressional district.
Dan W. DeHart, elector for North Carolina's 10th congressional district.
Harley Caldwell, elector for North Carolina's 11th congressional district.
Samuel Spencer, IV, elector for North Carolina's 12th congressional district.
Patricia Hawkins, elector for North Carolina's 13th congressional district.
David Crawford, at-large elector.
Kara Hollingsworth, at-large elector.

North Dakota
Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Theresa Tokach of Mandan, ND, at-large elector (replaced Richard Elkin of Bismarck, ND)
Susan Wefald of Bismarck, ND, at-large elector.
Cleo Thompson of Page, ND, at-large elector.

Ohio
Electors: 20, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Catherine Barret
Barbara Tuckerman
Wade Kapszukiewicz
Tamela Lee
Renee Cafaro
Victoria Wells Wulsin
Craig Brown
Jimmy Cotner
Janet Carson
Bruce Johnson
Nannette Whaley
Martha Jane Brooks
Eugene Miller
Fran Alberty
Chris Redfern
John Kostyo
Kelly Gillis
Charleta Tavares
Michael Todd
Ted Strickland

Oklahoma
Electors: 7, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Virginia Chrisco
Gail Stice
Pete Katzdorn
Robert Cleveland
Mary Phyllis Gorman
Bunny Chambers
Diane Murphy Gunther

Oregon
Electors: 7, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Michael J. Bohan
Shirley A. Cairns
R.P. Joe Smith
John C. McColgan
Meredith Wood Smith
Frank James Dixon
Bernard Gorter

Pennsylvania
Electors: 21, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
 Lynne Abraham Philadelphia County
 Christopher Lewis Chester County
 John S. Brenner York County
 Valerie McDonald-Roberts Allegheny County
 Eileen Connell Dauphin County
 Tom McMahon Berks County
 Kathi Cozzone Chester County
 Robert Mellow Lackawanna County
 John Fetterman Allegheny County
 Michael Nutter Philadelphia County
 William George Cumberland County
 Corey D. O'Brien Lackawanna County
 Patrick B. Gillespie Delaware County
 Josh Shapiro Montgomery County
 Rick Gray Lancaster County
 Jack Wagner Allegheny County
 Franco Harris Allegheny County
 Michael J. Washo Lackawanna County
 George Hartwick Dauphin County
 Wendell Young, IV Montgomery County
 Daylin Leach Montgomery County

Rhode Island
Electors: 4, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Maryellen Goodwin of Providence, RI, at-large elector.
Charlene Lima of Cranston, RI, at-large elector.
John J. McConnell, Jr. of Providence, RI, at-large elector.
Mark Weiner of Cranston, RI, at-large elector.

South Carolina
Electors: 8, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Wayland Moody of Summerville, SC, elector for South Carolina's 1st congressional district.
Benny Kinlaw of Barnwell, SC, elector for South Carolina's 2nd congressional district.
Susan Aiken of Anderson, SC, elector for South Carolina's 3rd congressional district.
Betty Sheppard Poe of Greenville, SC, elector for South Carolina's 4th congressional district.
Rebecca W. Delleney of Chester, SC, elector for South Carolina's 5th congressional district.
Shelby M. Phillips of Hanahan, SC, elector for South Carolina's 6th congressional district.
Katon Dawson of Columbia, SC, at-large elector.
Patrick Bonner Haddon of Greenville, SC, at-large elector.

South Dakota
Electors: 3, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Mike Rounds of Pierre, SD, at-large elector.
Dennis Daugaard of Garretson, SD, at-large elector.
Larry Long of Pierre, SD, at-large elector.

Tennessee
Electors: 11, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:

Sara Sellers, elector for Tennessee's 1st congressional district
Jim Haslam, II, elector for Tennessee's 2nd congressional district
J. Wayne Cropp, elector for Tennessee's 3rd congressional district
Lisa Wheeler, elector for Tennessee's 4th congressional district
Beth Campbell, elector for Tennessee's 5th congressional district
Albert McCall, elector for Tennessee's 6th congressional district
Shirley Curry, elector for Tennessee's 7th congressional district
Marilucile Counce, elector for Tennessee's 8th congressional district
Colin Richmond, elector for Tennessee's 9th congressional district
Winfield Dunn, at-large elector
Chrystal Horne, at-large elector

Texas
Electors: 34, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:

Marcia Daughtrey of Tyler, TX, elector for Texas's 1st congressional district.
Virgil Vickery of Spring, TX, elector for Texas's 2nd congressional district.
Charlie O'Reilly of Plano, TX, elector for Texas's 3rd congressional district.
Brenda Zielke of Rockwall, TX, elector for Texas's 4th congressional district.
Mary Darby of Garland, TX, elector for Texas's 5th congressional district.
Melba McDow of Arlington, TX, elector for Texas's 6th congressional district.
Paul Pressler of Galveston, TX, elector for Texas's 7th congressional district.
James Wiggins of Conroe, TX, elector for Texas's 8th congressional district.
Deborah B. Cupples of Houston, TX, elector for Texas's 9th congressional district.
Frank E. Alvarez II of Round Rock, TX elector for Texas's 10th congressional district.
Russ Duerstine of San Angelo, TX elector for Texas's 11th congressional district.
Zan Prince of Weatherford, TX, elector for Texas's 12th congressional district.
Bruce Harris of Wichita Falls, TX, elector for Texas's 13th congressional district.
Gordon Starkenburg of Alvin, TX, elector for Texas's 14th congressional district.
Sandra Cararas of McAllen, TX, elector for Texas's 15th congressional district.
Donene O'Dell of El Paso, TX, elector for Texas's 16th congressional district.
Larry Lovelace of Burleson, TX, elector for Texas's 17th congressional district.
Nelda Eppes of Houston, TX, elector for Texas's 18th congressional district.
Kenneth Corbin of Lubbock, TX, elector for Texas's 19th congressional district.
Gene Ryder of San Antonio, TX, elector for Texas's 20th congressional district.
Robert E. Hierynomus of Bulverde, TX, elector for Texas's 21st congressional district.
Terese Raia of Sugar Land, TX, elector for Texas's 22nd congressional district.
Arturo Martinez de Vara of Von Ormy, TX, elector for Texas's 23rd congressional district.
Thomas Ferguson of Carrollton, TX, elector for Texas's 24th congressional district.
Robert K. Long of Bastrop, TX, elector for Texas's 25th congressional district.
Pat Peale of Lake Kiowa, TX, elector for Texas's 26th congressional district.
Joel Yowell of Corpus Christi, TX, elector for Texas's 27th congressional district.
Judith Hooge of Poteet, TX, elector for Texas's 28th congressional district.
Giovanna Searcy of Pasadena, TX, elector for Texas's 29th congressional district.
Patricia Ann Van Winkle of Dallas, TX, elector for Texas's 30th congressional district.
Ronny Risinger of Round Rock, TX, elector for Texas's 31st congressional district.
Frank Eikenburg of Dallas, TX, elector for Texas's 32nd congressional district.
Genny Hensz of New Braunfels, TX, at-large elector.
Talmadge L. Heflin of Houston, TX, at-large elector.

Utah
Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Scott Simpson of Kaysville, UT, elector for Utah's 1st congressional district.
Richard Snelgrove of Salt Lake City, UT, elector for Utah's 2nd congressional district.
Stan Lockhart of Provo, UT, elector for Utah's 3rd congressional district.
Enid Greene Mickelesen of Draper, UT, at-large elector.
Mark Shurtleff of Sandy, UT, at-large elector.

Vermont
Electors: Three (all at-large), pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Claire D. Ayer of Weybridge, VT, at-large elector.
Euan Bear of Bakersfield, VT, at-large elector.
Kevin B. Christie of White River Junction, VT, at-large elector.

Virginia
Virginia's Presidential Electors
Electors: 13, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Christia V. Rey of Williamsburg, VA, elector for Virginia's 1st congressional district.
Sandra W. Brandt of Virginia Beach, VA, elector for Virginia's 2nd congressional district.
Betty L. Squire of Richmond, VA, elector for Virginia's 3rd congressional district.
Susan Johnston Rowland of Chesapeake, VA, elector for Virginia's 4th congressional district.
Marc L. Finney of Lawrenceville, VA, elector for Virginia's 5th congressional district.
Dorothy S. Blackwell of Lexington, VA, elector for Virginia's 6th congressional district.
James Harold Allen Boyd of Culpeper, VA, elector for Virginia's 7th congressional district.
Marian A. Van Landingham of Alexandria, VA, elector for Virginia's 8th congressional district.
Robert Edgar Childress, Jr. of Rosedale, VA, elector for Virginia's 9th congressional district.
Rolland D. Winter of Leesburg, VA, elector for Virginia's 10th congressional district.
Janet A. Carver of Springfield, VA, elector for Virginia's 11th congressional district.
Michael Jon Khandelwal of Norfolk, VA, at-large elector.
Sophie Ann Salley of Richmond, VA, at-large elector.

Washington
Electors: 11, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Jafar Siddiqui, of Lynnwood, WA, elector for Washington's 1st congressional district.
Maggie J. Hanson of Bellingham, WA, elector for Washington's 2nd congressional district.
Jane M. Buchanan‐Banks of Vancouver, WA, elector for Washington's 3rd congressional district.
Pat M. Notter of Wenatchee, WA, elector for Washington's 4th congressional district.
Marcus Riccelli of Spokane, WA, elector for Washington's 5th congressional district.
Bradford L. Donovan of Montesano, WA, elector for Washington's 6th congressional district.
Lesley G. Ahmed of Seattle, WA, elector for Washington's 7th congressional district.
Di A. Irons of Fall City, WA, elector for Washington's 8th congressional district.
Calvin L. Edwards of Spanaway, WA, elector for Washington's 9th congressional district.
Kristine F. Fallstone of Dupont, WA, at-large elector.
 John M. Daniels of Seattle, WA, at-large elector.

West Virginia
Electors: 5, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Robert Fish of Parkersburg, WV.
Zane Lawhorn of Princeton, WV.
Catherine Sue McKinney of Bridgeport, WV
Mary (Marti) Riggall of Charleston, WV.
Theresa A. Waxman of Clarksburg, WV.

Wisconsin
Ten electors, pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:
Ray Rivera of Pleasant Prairie, WI.
Fred Risser of Madison, WI.
Rollie Hicks of Eau Claire, WI.
Annette Polly Williams of Milwaukee, WI.
Dian Palmer of Brookfield, WI.
Gordon Hintz of Oshkosh, WI.
Christine Bremer-Muggli of Wausau, WI.
Donsia Strong Hill of Oneida, WI.
Jim Doyle of Madison, WI.
Joe Wineke of Verona, WI.

Wyoming
Three electors, all at-large, pledged to John McCain and Sarah Palin:
Rosa L. Goolsby of Casper, WY, at-large elector.
Ron Micheli of Fort Bridger, WY, at-large elector.
 Susan Thomas of Casper, WY, at-large elector.

References

External links
 The unofficial homepage of the Electoral College

United States presidential electors
2008
Presidential electors,2008


John II Crispo (or Giovanni; d. 1433) was the twelfth Duke of the Archipelago, etc., from 1418 to 1433, son of the tenth Duke Francesco I Crispo and wife Fiorenza I Sanudo, Lady of Milos and brother of Giacomo I and William II.

He married ca. 1420 Nobil Donna Francesca Morosini, Patrizia Veneta (–1455), and had three children:
 Adriana Crispo, married to Domenico Sommaripa (–1466)
 Giacomo II Crispo
 Caterina Crispo (d. before 1454), unmarried and without issue

References
 Crispo family

1433 deaths
John 02
John 02
15th-century dukes in Europe
15th-century Venetian people


This page is a list of the orders of chivalry and orders of merit awarded by France, in the order they were established or incorporated in France, and their origins.

Kingdom of the Franks, Merovingian and Carolingian periods (485–987)
Order of Saint Remigius 485 (probably a legend)
Order of the Rooster and the Dog 496 (probably a legend)
Order of the Oak 723 (probably a legend)

Kingdom of France, Capetian period (987–1328)
Order of the Lion 1080
Order of Saint Lazarus 1099
Order of the Temple, also known as the Templars, set up in Jerusalem by 7 French knights in 1118.  The Order had its headquarters in Paris but was so spread across Europe it cannot be accounted a solely French order
Order of Our Dear Lady of the Poor of Aubrac 1120
Order of the Holy Ghost 1198
Order of the Faith and Peace 1229
Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ (first half of the 13th century)
Order of the Broom-cod 1234

Kingdom of France, Valois period (1328–1589)
Order of Saint Lazarus 1099
Order of the Star, also known as the Order of Our Lady of the Noble House 1351
Order of the Golden Shield (= Order of the Green Shield) - Duke of Bourbon 1369
Order of Our Lady of the Thistle - Duke of Bourbon 1370
Order of the Crown - Lord of Coucy 1378
Order of the Ermine - Duchy of Brittany 1381
Order of the Belt of Hope 1389
Noble Order of Saint George of Rougemont - Duchy of Burgundy 1390
Order of the Porcupine - Duke of Orleans (Valois-Orleans) 1394
Order of the Passion of Christ 1400
Order of the White Lady = Emprise de l'Escu vert à la Dame Blanche - Marshal Boucicaut round 1398-1400
Order of the Hop - Dukes of Burgundy round 1400
Order of the Golden Chains - Duke of Bourbon 1414
Order of the Greyhound (Order of the Faithfulness) Duchy of Bar 1416 = Order of Hubert - 1423
Order of Saint Michael - 1469
Order of the Ladies of the Cord 1498
Order of the Holy Spirit (1578)
Order of the Christian Charity 1589

Kingdom of France, Bourbon period (1589–1793)

Order of Saint Lazarus 1099
Order of Saint Michael (1469)
Order of the Holy Spirit (1578)
Order of the Yellow Ribbon 1600
Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (1606)
United Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Lazarus 1608
Order of the Knights Bannerets 1609
Order of Saint Magdalene 1614
Order of the Annunciation 1619
Order of the Celestial Blue Ribbon of the Holy Rosary 1645
Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (1693)
Order of the Bee 1703
Order of the Terrace 1716
Order of the Banner 1723
Order of Military Merit also Institution du Military Merit (1759)
Order of the Rose 1780

On January 1, 1791, the Order of Saint Louis and the Order of Military Merit were merged into the Military Decoration (French: Décoration militaire) by the Convention, the revolutionary parliament.

French First Republic (1793–1804)

Revolutionary France abolished all chivalric orders of the monarchy in 1793. There were nevertheless decorations such as medals and Weapons of Honour.

Consulate of Napoleon Bonaparte (1800–1804)

The Legion of Honour was not, strictly speaking, a chivalric order at the time of its institution, since Napoleon did not like knighthood orders and the Legion of Honour had to be a "real" legion with legionaries, officers and commanders. Nevertheless, at the time of its institution, the Legion of Honour had all the hallmarks of a chivalric order except the name.

French First Empire (1804–1814, 1815)

Legion of Honour (1802)
Order of the Iron Crown (1805)
Order of the Reunion (1811)

Kingdom of France, Bourbon Restoration (1814, 1815–1830)

Order of Saint Michael (1469)
Order of the Holy Spirit (1578)
United Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Saint Lazarus 1608
Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (1693)
Order of the Academic Palms (1808)
Order of the Saint Sepulchre in Jerusalem (1814)
Décoration du Lys 1814
Decoration of the Armband of Bordeaux (French: "Décoration du Brassard de Bordeaux" 1814)
Legion of Honour (from 1815 also a formal knighthood order but no more the first of French decorations.)
Hunting Order of St. Hubert (1815)
Décoration de la Fidélité (1816)

Kingdom of France, July Monarchy (1830–1848)

Legion of Honour from 1830 the first in rank among French decorations and knighthood orders.
Order of the Cross of July, (French: "Ordre de la Croix de Juillet"), established in 1830 by the "Bourgeois King" Louis Philippe I.

French Second Republic (1848–1852)

Legion of Honour 1802

French Second Empire (1852–1870)

Legion of Honour 1802
Order of the Public Instruction (French:"Ordre l’Instruction Publique") 1866

French Third Republic (1870–1945)

Legion of Honour 1802
Order of the Public Instruction  1866
The French Republic possessed in Asia, Africa and America a large colonial empire. For the purposes of this huge area, a number of "Colonial orders of knighthood" were established or incorporated.

They were :
Royal Order of Cambodia (French:"Ordre Royal du Cambodge" (1864)
Order of the Star of Anjouan (French:"Ordre de l'Étoile d'Anjouan" (1874)
Order of the Dragon of Annam (French:"Ordre du Dragon d'Annam" (1886)
Order of Nichan El-Anouar (French:"Ordre du Nichan El-Anouar" (1887)
Order of the Black Star (French:"Ordre de l'Étoile Noire" (1889)
In addition, the Governor-General of French Indo-China established in 1900 :
Order of the Merit of Indochina (French:Ordre du Mérite Indochinois").

France had also not enough in the fatherland with the Legion of Honor. The various ministries therefore proposed that they themselves managed and issued orders to:
National Order of Agricultural Merit (French: "l'Ordre du Mérite Agricole") 1883
Order of Maritime Merit (French:"Ordre du Mérite Maritime") 1930
Order of the Social Merit (French:"Ordre du Mérite social") 1936
Order of Public Health (French:"Ordre de la Santé publique") 1938
Orde of the Commercial Merit (French:"Ordre du Mérite commercial") (1939)  which was renamed in 1961 "Order of the Commercial and Industrial Merit".

In 1940, a French government was formed in exile . They suggested a knighthood order as:
Order of Liberation established in 1940 by Charles de Gaulle in London.

The France-remaining government of Marshal Philippe Pétain, the so-called "Vichy government", proposed 2 knighthood orders:
 National Order of Labour (French: "Ordre National Du Travail" 1942
 Order of the Francisque (French: "Ordre de la francisque") 1941

French Fourth Republic (1945–1958)

The Fourth Republic knew a very large quantity of knighthood orders and decorations. There were in 1945 16 knighthood orders. The traditional position of the Legion of Honour as highest and most prominent award remained formally intact but the French ministers founded for use in homeland and overseas no less than 11 new orders.

Legion of Honour 1802
Order of Liberation 1940

The French ministries kept on establishing Ministerial Orders so there were finally 19 :

Order of the Public Instruction (Ordre de l’Instruction Publique), 1866; renamed in 1955 to Ordre des Palmes Académiques (Order of the Academic Palms)
Order of Agricultural Merit (l'Ordre du Mérite Agricole) 1883
Order of Maritime Merit (Ordre du Mérite Maritime) 1930
Order of the Social Merit (Ordre du Mérite social) 1936
Order of Public Health (Ordre de la Santé publique) 1938
Order of the Commercial Merit (Ordre du Mérite commercial) 1939
Order of the Artisanal Merit (Ordre du Mérite artisanal) 1948
Order of the Touristic Merit (Ordre du Mérite touristique) 1949
Order of the Postal Merit (France) (Ordre du Mérite postal) 1953
Order of the Warrior Merit (Ordre du Mérite combattant) 1953
Order of National Economy (Ordre de l'Economie nationale) 1954
Order of the Sportive Merit (Ordre du Mérite sportif) 1956
Order of the Labour Merit (Ordre du Mérite du Travail) 1957
Order of the Military Merit (Ordre du Mérite militaire) 1957
Order of the Civil Merit (Ordre du Mérite civil) 1957
Order of Arts and Letters) (Ordre des Arts et des Lettres) 1957
Order of the Saharian Merit (Ordre du Mérite saharien) 1958

The French Republic knew following a decree of 1 September 1950 two "Orders of Overseas France" (Ordres de la France d'Outre-mer) :
Order of the Black Star 1889
Order of the Star of Anjouan 1874

The two Orders were a heritage of the colonial time during which the decorations of the colonized states such as Dahomey and the Comores were included in the French orders system. The French government awarded the Order of the Black Star in Europe until 1 January 1964. The decolonisation and restructuring of the French colonial empire, one speaks now of the "French Union", made necessary other adaptations in the French knighthood orders.

Three other colonial Orders incorporated in it since 1896, namely the Royal Order of Cambodia (Cambodja), the Order of the Dragon of Annam (Vietnam)
and the Order of Nichan El-Anouar (Somaliland) became therefore on 1 September 1950 "Orders of Associated States of the French Union" (Ordres des États Associés de l'Union Française). The French government didn't award these honors themselves anymore. In 1963 the granting of the two French Overseas Orders were also discontinued. In their place, the new "National Order of Merit" was awarded. This Order replaced fifteen of the ministerial orders so that a much clearer decoration policy became possible.

French Fifth Republic  (1958–present)

 Legion of Honour 1802
 Order of Liberation 1940

The 19 Ministerial Orders - which all knew three grades Commander, Officer and Knight - were each administered by a Board which was chaired by the relevant Minister. The fragmentation of the honors system was perceived as malpractice because a clear policy was not possible.
Fifteen of these orders were abolished by the first president of the Fifth Republic, Charles de Gaulle on 1 January 1964 and were replaced by the National Order of Merit but the three following were kept:
 Order of the Academic Palms (1808 or 1955)
 National Order of Agricultural Merit (French: "l'Ordre National du Mérite Agricole")
 Order of Maritime Merit (French: "l'Ordre du Mérite Maritime")
The Order of Arts and Letters (French: "Ordre des Arts et des Lettres"), established in 1956, was also maintained.

A new development is that on 5 June 1996, the Order of Tahiti Nui (French: "l'Ordre de Tahiti Nui") was established by the Assembly of French Polynesia (French: "Assemblée de Polynésie française"), the local French Polynesian parliamentary assembly.

Sources
 Gustav Adolph Ackermann,  Ordensbuch, Sämtlicher in Europa blühender und erloschener Orden und Ehrenzeichen. Annaberg, 1855 - Google Books (Former orders of France : p. 205-214)


Ernie Finch (16 July 1899 - 1 October 1983) was a Welsh international rugby union wing and played club rugby for Llanelli and county rugby for the Western Counties. Finch is most notable as the player who scored an excellent solo try against the 1924 touring New Zealand 'Invincibles' in their match against Llanelli.

Born Ernest Finch in Pembroke Dock to Abram and Emily Finch. His father was a retired police officer who upon moving to Wales and marrying Emily, his second wife, became a school board attendance monitor.

Rugby career
Finch first played senior rugby for local team Pembroke Dock Harlequins before moving to first class team Llanelli in 1922. Finch was first selected for Wales in the late game of the 1924 Five Nations Championship in an away game to France. Although Wales won, it was a messy Welsh performance caused by the decision of the Welsh Rugby Union officials to suspend Welsh player Ossie Male on the trip to Paris. The squad was thrown into turmoil, with several players being forced into unfamiliar positions. Finch managed to get his name on the scoreboard during the game when he scored one of two Welsh tries.

Finch was re-selected for the next Welsh international, this time against the touring New Zealand team. Wales were completely outclassed and lost the game 19-0, and Finch would face the All Blacks just four days later as his Llanelli team played host to the tourists. The New Zealanders faced far stiffer opposition as Llanelli went on the offensive. The forwards tackled with ferocity and Llanelli may have won with better kicking accuracy. In the match, Finch scored Llanelli's only points with a memorable solo try. Finch took a quick line-out, took the returning ball and left Hart flat-footed as he sped past him. With the try line in sight the only All Black defender was George Nēpia. As Nēpia closed in, Finch stopped dead, Nēpia paused and then threw a tackle which Finch dodged, leaving him a clear try line to score over.

Finch was back in the Welsh squad in 1925 when he again faced France in the Five Nations Championship, this time in Wales at the Cardiff Arms Park. It was a more convincing Welsh performance and Finch scored two tries in an 11-5 victory. Finch held onto his place for the season's final Welsh international against Ireland, but found himself on the losing side against an impressive Irish team. In 1926 he played just one match, as part of Bobby Delahay's Welsh team to France, which Wales were narrow victors.

Finch missed all off the 1927 Championship for Wales, but was selected to face the touring Waratahs towards the end of the season; and although Wales lost, Finch managed his fourth and final international try for his country. Finch's final game for his country was in 1928 in Paris and it saw the first Welsh defeat by the French team. Five players from the game never represented their country again, and Finch was one of them.

International matches played
Wales
  1924, 1925, 1926
  1925, 1928
  New South Wales Waratahs 1927
  1924

Bibliography

References

1899 births
1983 deaths
Llanelli RFC players
Rugby union players from Pembroke Dock
Rugby union wings
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players


Epp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Claas Epp Jr. (1838–1913), Russian Mennonite minister
 Dave Epp (born ), Canadian politician
 Elisabeth Epp (1910–2000), German actress
 Ernie Epp (born 1941), Canadian historian and former politician
 Franz Ritter von Epp (1868–1947), German officer
 Herb Epp (1934–2013), Canadian politician
 Jake Epp (born 1939), Canadian executive and former politician
 Josef Epp (1920–1989), Austrian footballer
 Ken Epp (born 1939), Canadian politician
 Leon Epp (1905-1968) Austrian music director, theatre director and actor.
 Phil Epp (born 1946), American artist
 Reuben Epp (1920-2009), Canadian author of works in Mennonite Low German
 Richard Epp (actor) (born 1948), Canadian playwright and actor
 Richard Epp (physicist), Canadian physicist
 Robert Epp (born 1926), translator of Japanese literature into English
 Susanna S. Epp (born 1943), American mathematician
 Theodore Epp (1907–1985), American Christian clergyman, writer and radio evangelist

See also
Epps (disambiguation)

Russian Mennonite surnames


The Apulian regional election of 2000 took place on 16 April 2000.

Raffaele Fitto (Forza Italia) was elected President, defeating Giannicola Sinisi (Italian People's Party).

Results

Elections in Apulia
2000 elections in Italy


The Order of the Lion was an order of knighthood set up by Enguerrand I of Coucy (or, according to other sources, his son Enguerrand II), to keep alive the memory of his killing a dangerous lion.  It was short-lived and was forgotten after its founder's death.

His successor Enguerrand VII founded the Order of the Crown in 1378

Gustav Adolph Ackermann mentions the two orders as among the historical orders of France.

Sources
 Gustav Adolph Ackermann,  Ordensbuch, Sämtlicher in Europa blühender und erloschener Orden und Ehrenzeichen. Annaberg, 1855, p 209 n°83. "Orden des Löwen" - Google Books (Former orders of France : p. 205-214)

Lion


Papyrus 55 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), signed by 𝔓55, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John. The surviving texts of John are verses 1:31-33, 35–38.

The manuscript paleographically has been assigned to the 6th century or the 7th century.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

It is currently housed at the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library (Pap. Vindob. G. 26214) in Vienna.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading

 Peter Sanz, Mitteilungen aus der Papyrussammlung der österreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Wien, N.S., IV (Baden: 1946), pp. 58–59.

New Testament papyri
6th-century biblical manuscripts
Biblical manuscripts of the Austrian National Library
Gospel of John papyri


In the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), a temple is a building dedicated to be a House of the Lord. Temples are considered by church members to be the most sacred structures on earth.

Upon completion, temples are usually open to the public for a short period of time (an "open house"). During the open house, the church conducts tours of the temple with missionaries and members from the local area serving as tour guides, and all rooms of the temple are open to the public. The temple is then dedicated as a "House of the Lord", after which only members who are deemed worthy are permitted entrance.

Temples are not churches or meetinghouses designated for public weekly worship services, but rather are places of worship open only to the faithful where certain rites of the church must be performed.

  There are temples in many U.S. states, as well as in many countries across the world. Several temples are at historical sites of the LDS Church, such as Nauvoo, Illinois, Palmyra, New York, and Salt Lake City, Utah. The importance of temples is often emphasized in weekly meetings, and regular participation in "temple work" is strongly encouraged for all Latter-day Saints (LDS).

Within temples, members of the church make covenants, receive instructions, and perform sacred ceremonies and ordinances, such as baptism for the dead, washing and anointing (or "initiatory" ordinances), the endowment, and  eternal marriage sealings. Ordinances are a vital part of the theology of the church, which teaches that they were practiced by the Lord's covenant people in all dispensations. Additionally, members consider the temple a place to commune with God, seek God's aid, understand the will of God, and receive personal revelation.

History

Biblical references
Latter-day Saints cite various Old Testament references to temple ordinances such as those found in ,  and . The words "HOLINESS TO THE LORD" can be found on LDS temples as referenced in .

Likewise the Tabernacle was considered a "portable temple" by the children of Israel in the Old Testament.

Latter-day temples
The first Latter-day Saint temple ceremonies were performed in Kirtland, Ohio, but differed significantly from the endowment performed on the second floor of Joseph Smith's Red Brick Store in Nauvoo, Illinois, and the Nauvoo Temple. Kirtland ordinances included washings and anointings (differing in many ways from the modern portion) and the washing of the feet ordinance. For nearly four years, beginning in 1842, Smith's Red Brick Store functioned as a de facto temple—the site of the first washings, anointings, endowments, and sealings. In contrast, the grand edifice known as the Nauvoo Temple was in operation for only two months before the Latter Day Saints left Illinois for the West.

Preparations to initiate the first members of Smith's Quorum of the Anointed, or Holy Order, as it was also known, were made on May 3, 1842. The walls of the second level of the Red Brick Store were painted with garden-themed murals, the rooms fitted with carpets, potted plants, and a veil hung from the ceiling. All the while, the ground level continued to operate as Smith's general mercantile.

After the early events of the succession crisis, Brigham Young assumed control of the church's headquarters at Nauvoo, Illinois. While he and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve made contingency plans for abandoning the city, he may have hoped that it would not prove necessary. For example, in early 1845, Young convened a conference at the Norwegian colony at Norway, Illinois, and announced a plan to build a Latter-day Saint town there with a temple for the use of the Norwegian Latter Day Saints.

Meanwhile, Young urged the Latter-day Saints in Nauvoo to redouble their efforts to finish the temple. By the end of 1845, the building was sufficiently finished to allow temple ordinances to be performed. Ordinances continued to be performed in early 1846 as the Mormons were forced to abandon the city. A small crew remained in the city and continued to work on the temple until April 30, 1846, when it was formally dedicated in a private ceremony by Joseph Young, the senior of the Seven Presidents of the Seventy. It was used for three months, then abandoned in late summer 1846. The completed temple was eventually destroyed by fire, and the remaining structure was later demolished by a whirlwind.

Upon reaching the Great Basin, Brigham Young began to build settlements based on the City of Zion plan and designated four of these to contain temples: Salt Lake City (1847), St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877). The St. George Temple was the first to be completed in 1877, followed by Logan (1884) and Manti (1888). The Salt Lake Temple took 40 years to complete because of various setbacks and delays. It was dedicated in 1893.

Latter-day Saint temple building halted until the presidency of Joseph F. Smith, who announced two additional temples: Cardston, Alberta (1913), and Lā, Hawaii (1915). Cardston became the first Latter-day Saint temple dedicated outside of the United States. Smith broke with the previous tradition (established since Kirtland) of building temples with upper and lower courts. Temples previously had been ever larger, but the Laie Hawaii Temple was smaller than the Nauvoo Temple had been.

Both Cardston and Laie were dedicated under church president Heber J. Grant, as was a temple in Mesa, Arizona. George Albert Smith dedicated the next temple in Idaho Falls, Idaho. David O. McKay dedicated five additional temples including one in Bern, Switzerland—which was the first temple dedicated in Europe and the first temple to use film recording of the endowment rather than live actors. Joseph Fielding Smith dedicated a temple in Ogden, Utah and Harold B. Lee dedicated its twin in Provo, Utah.

Spencer W. Kimball began a plan to build many more smaller temples according to standardized plans. Twenty-one temples were dedicated during his presidency, including the tiny Papeete Tahiti Temple—which has a floorspace of less than 10,000 square feet (900 m2). This trend has continued. Nine additional temples were dedicated in the presidency of Ezra Taft Benson and two in the brief presidency of Howard W. Hunter.

Under church president Gordon B. Hinckley, the church dedicated 77 temples. In 1997, Hinckley introduced a standardized, smaller temple plan designed to bring temple services to smaller or remote congregations at a reduced cost. The first of this new generation of temples was completed in 1998 with the Monticello Utah Temple. The original plan called for , later increased to . Subsequent revisions to the standard design further increased the size and complexity of the temples. The majority of the temples dedicated under Hinckley's tenure were of the smaller design, but one particularly noteworthy achievement was the rebuilding of the temple in Nauvoo, Illinois, known as the Nauvoo Illinois Temple.

Hinckely's successor, Thomas S. Monson, dedicated 26 temples during his time as church president.  His counselors in the First Presidency also dedicated a number of temples during Monson's administration.

As of October 2018, Monson's successor, Russell M. Nelson, has dedicated the Concepción Chile Temple.

Purposes
Temples have a different purpose from LDS meetinghouses. They serve two main purposes: (1) Temples are locations in which worthy Latter-day Saints can perform sacred ordinances on behalf of themselves, their deceased ancestors, or unrelated deceased persons whose names are compiled from historical records through the church's Family Record Extraction Program. (2) Temples are considered to be houses of holiness where members can go to commune with God and more easily receive personal revelation.

Symbolism in the temple

Many things in the temple are considered to be symbolic, from the clothing worn (those who attend the temple dress in white, a symbol of purity), to the architecture of the building and rooms, to the ceremonies themselves.

Latter-day Saint temples are constructed with several symbolic elements meant to represent their religious theology. Each temple has the words "Holiness to the Lord" inscribed on it, the same inscription on the Old Testament Temple of Solomon.

Most temples are built facing east, the direction from which Jesus Christ is prophesied to return. The spires and towers on the east end of multi-spired temples are elevated higher than spires and towers on the west side for this same reason, and to represent the Melchizedek, or higher, priesthood.

Some temples, such as Salt Lake, Chicago, and Washington D.C., have triple spires on each side of the temple representing three different offices in both the Melchizedek and Aaronic priesthood.

Stones carved with sun, moon, and earth or star designs are placed in ascending order around the Salt Lake Temple façade to represent the Latter-day Saint belief in a celestial, terrestrial, and telestial kingdom, or three degrees of glory, in the afterlife. However, they are arranged using the description of the woman found in Revelation 12:1 which says "And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars."

A statue of the Angel Moroni, stands atop many temples built after the Salt Lake Temple. The statue design represents the Latter-day Saint belief that Moroni was the angel spoken of in Revelation 14.

Temple ordinances

LDS Church members perform rituals (termed ordinances) within temples. They are taught that temple ordinances are essential to achieving the condition of exaltation after the final judgment. They are also taught that a vast number of dead souls exist in a condition termed as spirit prison, and that a dead individual upon whom the temple ordinances are completed will have a chance to be freed of this imprisoning condition. In this framework ordinances are said to be completed on behalf of either the participant, or a dead individual the same sex as the participant ("on behalf of the dead" or "by proxy").

Ordinances performed in the temple include:
 Baptism and confirmation on behalf of the dead
 Melchizedek priesthood ordination on behalf of deceased men
 Washing and anointing (also known as the "Initiatory" ordinances)
 The endowment
 sealing ordinances (for opposite-sex couples and for parents and their children)

Most ordinances are performed by proxy only on participants who have already completed the ordinance. Similarly, most ordinances are completed only one time for a participant in a lifetime and all subsequent temple ordinance participation is seen as acting for a dead individual. Baptism, confirmation, and priesthood ordination are usually performed in temples only when on behalf of the dead. The initiatory, endowment, and sealing ceremonies are today performed only within a temple.

The sealing ordinance can be performed on behalf of dead couples; so long as the two living participants are of opposite sex they need not be married. It is also performed on behalf of living couples who wish to be legally married. In this manner, the ordinance is typically performed as a celestial marriage, with the idea the marriage bond lasts after their death, or for "time and all eternity". A "time only" modification can be made to the ordinance, such as when the surviving widow of a celestial marriage wishes to legally remarry. If children were born to the couple prior to the couple's sealing ceremony, the parents and the children may also be sealed together to form an eternal family unit. Children born to a couple after the sealing ceremony are considered to be automatically sealed to the parents, or "born in the covenant".

In addition to the ordinances listed above, 19th-century temples were host to other ordinances that are no longer practiced such as the baptism for health and baptism for renewal of covenants. In 1922, Heber J. Grant discontinued the practice of baptisms for health in the church. The second anointing is a rare, but currently practiced ordinance for live participants, and (less commonly) vicariously for deceased individuals, though, it is usually only given in absolute secrecy to a small number of members after a lifetime of service.

Entrance requirements

The LDS Church booklet "Preparing to Enter the Holy Temple" explains that Latter-day Saints "do not discuss the temple ordinances outside the temples".

To enter the temple, an individual must be baptized, and after one year, may seek a temple recommend, which authorizes admission to the temple. The person is interviewed by their bishop, during which the candidate is asked a series of questions to determine worthiness to enter the temple. The individual is also interviewed by his or her stake president. The bishop and stake president sign the recommend, indicating their approval of that member's worthiness. The individual also signs the recommend, acknowledging the responsibility to remain worthy to hold the recommend. Most recommends are valid for two years.

Ineligible groups of members

Some members of the church were historically or are currently ineligible for all temple ordinances. For about 130 years (between 1847 and 1978) all LDS endowment-related temple ordinances were denied to all Black women and men in a controversial temple racial restriction. As of 2023, all temple ordinances continue to be denied for any lesbian, gay, or bisexual person in a same-sex marriage or homosexual sexual relationship, and transgender individuals continue to be ineligible for all temple ordinances. These restrictions have also garnered criticism from both outside, and inside the LDS church.

Worthiness interview

To qualify for a temple recommend, an LDS Church member must faithfully answer the following questions which affirm the individual's adherence to essential church doctrine:
 Faith in and testimony of God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost.
 Testimony of the atonement of Jesus Christ and his role as personal Savior and Redeemer.
 Testimony of the restoration of the gospel.
 Support of the President of the Church and his authority, and other general authorities and local church leaders.
 Moral cleanliness in thoughts and actions.
 Obeying the law of chastity.
 Following teachings of the church in public and private behavior with family members and others.
 Refraining from supporting or promoting any teaching, practice, or doctrine that conflicts with those of the church.
 Making a good faith effort to keep the Sabbath Day holy; attend meetings; prepare for and worthily partake of the sacrament; live life in accordance with the laws and commandments of the gospel.
 Honesty in everything.
 Paying a full tithe.
 Understanding and obeying the Word of Wisdom.
 Payment of and keeping current on child support or alimony, if applicable.
 If already received the endowment, keeping the covenants made in the temple and wearing the temple garment as instructed in the temple.
 Making a full confession of any serious sins to church leaders.
 Regarding oneself worthy to enter the temple and participate in ordinances therein.

History of interview questions
A list of questions were first introduced in 1857 and used to qualify whether an individual could enter the Endowment House, before the first temple in Utah was built. They reflected the context of the times, including questions about ones belief in polygamy, branding an animal that one did not own, and using another person's irrigation water.

Since then, the temple recommend questions have changed significantly, though less so in recent years.
 In 1996, the first question about a belief in God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost was split into three questions. A second question was modified to ask if the member sustained the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve as prophets, seers, and revelators. The question about wearing the garments was qualified, added a clause about wearing them as instructed in the temple.
 In 1999, a simplified question about financial obligations was asked of all members, not just divorced members.
 In October 2019's general conference, church president Russell M. Nelson announced revisions to the temple recommend questions. In addition to some clarifications and streamlining, the question about the law of chastity now includes "striving for moral cleanliness" in thoughts and behavior. The question about attending church meetings was expanded to include a more general question about Sabbath observance.

Types of recommends
The standard temple recommend authorizes a member who has been baptized at least one year prior to take part in all temple ordinances and is valid for two years.

A recommend for living ordinances is given to individuals who are participating in the endowment for the first time, being sealed to a spouse, or anyone being married in the temple for time only. It may only be used in conjunction with a standard temple recommend.

A limited-use recommend is available to members who have not yet received their endowment or who have not been a member for one year. These may also be issued to a group for a single visit to the temple. These can be issued to youth 11 and older who will take part in baptism and confirmations for the dead, to single members age 8–20 who are preparing to be sealed to their parents, or for individuals, not endowed, who wish to observe specific ordinances. The church member must meet the same worthiness standards as a standard temple recommend in an interview with the member's bishop. Unlike the standard temple recommend, a limited-use recommend does not require a year's membership nor an interview with a stake president. A limited-use recommend is only valid for proxy baptisms and confirmation ordinances. A limited use recommend is valid for one year.

Emergency access
Those without recommends occasionally need to enter temples after dedication during fires, medical emergencies, or building inspections. They are escorted by temple personnel during such visits. Temples may offer introductory tours to new local firefighters and emergency medical technicians during regularly scheduled maintenance periods.

Temple weddings

The LDS temple wedding is a process which culminates in the participation by the couple in a ritual called the sealing ordinance; which involves pronouncing the couple as having a permanent marriage bond which persists even beyond death. This ceremony, among others, is taught as being vital to an individual's and family's exaltation status, following the final judgment.

With the sealing ordinance being held inside a temple, only church members in good standing who have a valid  temple recommend are permitted to attend the ceremony. In many nations outside the United States, a civil ceremony, where required by the law of the land, has been immediately followed by a temple sealing. In the United States, a one-year waiting period between the civil ceremony and a temple sealing was required until 2019.

In May 2019, to standardize sealing policies on a global scale, church leaders announced an end to the one-year waiting period in most cases, except in relation to converts to the church, who are still required to wait a year after their own confirmation before entering the temple.

Receptions after the temple ceremony, or engagement parties before the temple marriage, can be attended by anyone, since they are typically held at locations such as local LDS meetinghouses, homes, other churches, or other public venues.

See also

 Council House (Salt Lake City)
 Endowment House
 Holy of Holies (LDS Church)
 List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 Temple president
 Mormonism and Freemasonry

Notes

References

 Monesees, Laurie Smith, The Temple: Dedicated to Peace, Herald House: 1993.

 Speek, Vickie Cleverley. "God Has Made Us a Kingdom" James Strang and the Midwest Mormon. Signature Books.

 .
 "The Temple" British Broadcasting BBC, 2005-11-09. Article on Mormon temple worship from BBC Religion & Ethics website, last accessed 2006-09-19.

Further reading

 Cowan, Richard O., Temples to Dot the Earth, January 1997,

 Packer, Boyd K., The Holy Temple, June 1980,

 Talmage, James E., The House of the Lord Signature Books (reprint of the first edition)

External links

 Official LDS Church Temples Site
 ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org website

Genealogy and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Latter Day Saint practices

de:Tempel der Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der Letzten Tage
es:Templo (SUD)
fr:Temple de l'Église de Jésus-Christ des saints des derniers jours


Ranger is a surname; people with that name include:

Andrew Ranger, Canadian racing driver
Henry Ward Ranger, American artist
Ivan Ranger, Croatian baroque painter
Mick Ranger, English arms dealer
Nile Ranger, English footballer who plays for Football League One club Southend United
Paul Ranger, Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman
Rene Ranger, New Zealand rugby union player
Richard H. Ranger, American electrical engineer and inventor
Rose Ranger, Canadian singer-songwriter
Scott Ranger, Canadian lacrosse player
Terence Ranger, African historian

See also
Ranger (disambiguation)

Occupational surnames
English-language occupational surnames


Domenico Sommaripa (d. 1466) was a Lord of Andros, first of a branch of the Sommaripa family known as Sommaripa of Andros.

Ancestry
He was a son of Crusino I Sommaripa, and wife.

Marriage and issue
He married Adriana Crispo, daughter of John II Crispo, twelfth Duke of the Archipelago, and wife Nobil Donna Francesca Morosini, Patrizia Veneta, and had three sons :
 Giovanni Sommaripa, lord of Andros from 1466, killed around 1468 in a Turkish attack on Andros
 Crusino II Sommaripa, lord of Andros from 1468 to his death around 1500
 Francesco Sommaripa, lord of Andros in 1506 but dispossessed after a few months

He was succeeded by his eldest son Giovanni.

References

1466 deaths
Domenico
Domenico
Year of birth unknown
15th-century Italian nobility


Unión Esportiva Cornellà, S. A. D. () is a Spanish football team based in Cornellà de Llobregat, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1951 it plays in Primera División RFEF – Group 2, holding home games at RCDE stadium, which has a capacity of 40,000 spectators.

History

Unión Deportiva Cornellà was founded on 29 April 1951 by the merging of Club Atlético Padró and Academia Junyent. Since its foundation the club participated in regional competitions and Tercera División until the season 2013/2014, when it achieved the historic promotion to the Segunda División B.

On 6 January 2021, Cornellà upset La Liga giants Atlético Madrid by a score of 1–0 in the second round of the Copa del Rey. They were eliminated in the following round by Barcelona, as the final score was 2–0 after extra time.

Season to season

3 seasons in Primera Federación
7 seasons in Segunda División B
12 seasons in Tercera División

Players

Current squad
.

Youth players

Out on loan

Honours
Tercera División: 2013–14

Notable players

 Tha'er Bawab (youth)
 Keita Baldé (youth)
 Jordi Alba (youth)
 Pep Caballé
 Enric Gallego
 David García
 Eloy Gila
 Sergio Gómez
 Borja López
 Pere Martínez
 Rubén Miño (youth)
 Ignasi Miquel (youth)
 Xavi Moro
 Xavi Puerto
 David Raya (youth)
 Víctor Ruiz (youth)
 Enric Vallès

References

External links
Official website
Futbolme team profile
Club & stadium history - Estadios de España

Football clubs in Catalonia
Association football clubs established in 1951
1951 establishments in Spain
Cornellà de Llobregat
Primera Federación clubs


Juglans hindsii, commonly called the Northern California black walnut and Hinds's black walnut, is a species of walnut tree native to the western United States (California and Oregon). It is commonly called claro walnut by the lumber industry and woodworkers, and is the subject of some confusion over its being the root stock for English walnut orchard stock.

Distribution
The historical range of Juglans hindsii is from the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley to the Inner Northern California Coast Ranges and San Francisco Bay Area, in Northern California. A 2020 IUCN assessment has extended this range: north to Oregon and south to Southern California, in areas of similar habitat type. The northernmost pre-colonial Juglans hindsii tree was located in Douglas County, Oregon before it was blown over in November 2017. A ring count determined the tree predated the arrival of settlers by approximately 100 years. The Native Plant Society of Oregon has also documented multiple trees of pre-colonial age in Oregon's Rogue Valley.

The tree grows in riparian woodlands, either in mono-species stands, or mixed with California oak species (Quercus spp.) and Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) trees.

Conservation
Juglans hindsii was formerly assessed as Seriously Endangered on the California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Inventory. In a 2019 revision, the species was upgraded to common. It is threatened by hybridization with orchard trees, urbanization, and habitat conversion to agriculture.

Description

Juglans hindsii is a large tree that grows up to  tall in open settings, and may reach over  tall in closed canopy settings.  This species normally has a single erect trunk, commonly without branches in the lower half of the tree, and a crown that can be wider than the tree is tall.  Trunks may reach  in diameter near the base of the tree.

The leaf is approximately   long, with 13–21 leaflets per leaf, each 2-5" long, with dentate margins. Unlike the Southern California walnut, the vein angles bear tufts of hair.

The nut has a smooth, brown, thick shell, that contains a small edible nutmeat.

Allergenicity
Hind's Walnut (Juglans hindsii) is a severe allergen. Pollination:  Occurs in following seasons depending on latitude and elevation: Spring.

Uses

Cultivation
Juglans hindsii has been commercially important as a rootstock for orchard stock of Juglans regia (English walnut) trees all over the world. It is also used as a parent to the fast-growing Luther Burbank hybrid rootstock, commonly called "Paradox" (Juglans hindsii x Juglans regia).

Ornamental tree
The Northern California walnut is cultivated by specialty California native plant nurseries. It is used as an ornamental tree in traditional and wildlife gardens, and for habitat gardens, natural landscaping projects, and climate compatible drought tolerant gardens.  The tree is also planted in habitat restoration projects.

Pests
Juglans hindsii is infested by Rhagoletis juglandis, commonly known as the walnut husk fly, which lays its eggs in the husks of walnut fruit. R. juglandis infests other varieties of walnut trees as well, such as Juglans regia (the English or Persian walnut), Juglans rupestris (a species of walnut indigenous to Arizona and Texas), and Juglans hindsii (the California black walnut).

Lumber
The wood of Juglans hindsii is commonly called claro walnut by the lumber industry and woodworkers.  It is highly figured with a rich brown color and striking grain patterns, especially in the crotch areas, where large limbs meet the trunk. It is used in small quantities to make fine furniture and gun stocks, and sold as slabs to make large natural-top tables because of its durability, good working properties, and swirling iridescent figure.

Some confusion exists about the nature of claro walnut because Juglans hindsii is commonly used as the rootstock of orchard trees.  The section below the original graft is claro walnut wood, while the section above is the lighter-colored English walnut.  Some woodworkers take advantage of this by making the color change a feature of their work.

Taxonomy
The current classification of the plant is as a distinct species. Some botanists and the 1993 edition of  "The Jepson Manual" had classified it as Juglans californica subsp. hindsii, a subspecies of Juglans californica (Southern California black walnut).

References

"Some preliminary observations on the California black walnut (Juglans californica)" — Anderson, E. N.; Fremontia: A Journal of the California Native Plant Society.  January 2002.

External links

 Jepson Flora Project: Juglans hindsii
 Calflora Database: Juglans hindsii'' (Northern California black walnut)
 Virginia Tech tree ID: Hind's black walnut (Juglans hindsii)
 Juglans hindsii — U.C. Photo gallery

hindsii
Trees of the Southwestern United States
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Trees of Mediterranean climate
Edible nuts and seeds
Plants used in Native American cuisine
Pre-Columbian California cuisine
Garden plants of North America
Drought-tolerant trees
Ornamental trees
Plants described in 1909


The 1913–14 FA Cup was the 43rd season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). Burnley won the competition for the first and (as of ) only time, beating Liverpool 1–0 in the final at Crystal Palace, London.

Queens Park Rangers, then of the Southern League, reached the last eight.  They were the last non-league team to reach the quarter-finals until Lincoln City in 2017.

Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.

Calendar
The format of the FA Cup for the season had two preliminary rounds, five qualifying rounds, four proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.

First round proper
38 of the 40 clubs from the First and Second divisions joined the 12 clubs who came through the qualifying rounds. Two sides, Stockport County and Glossop were entered instead at the fourth qualifying round. Stockport went out at that stage, while Glossop and eleven non-league clubs won through to the first round proper.

Fourteen non-league sides were given byes to the first round to bring the total number of teams up to 64. These were:

32 matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 10 January 1914. Seven matches were drawn and went to replays in the following midweek fixture.

Second round proper
The 16 second-round matches were played on Saturday, 31 January 1914. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following weekend fixture.

Third round proper
The eight third-round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 21 February 1914. There was one replay, played in the following midweek fixture. Queens Park Rangers beat Birmingham City to qualify for the quarter-finals: the last non-league team to achieve such a feat until Lincoln City in the 2016–17 FA Cup.

Fourth round proper
The four fourth-round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 7 March 1914. There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture. One of these, between Manchester City and Sheffield United, went to a second replay, which United won.

Semi finals

The semi-final matches were played on Saturday, 28 March 1914. The Burnley–Sheffield United match went to a replay, which Burnley won, going on to meet Liverpool in the final.

Replay

Final

The final was contested by Burnley and Liverpool at Crystal Palace. Burnley won by a single goal, scored by ex-Evertonian Bert Freeman. The game was the last final at Crystal Palace and was played in front of a reigning monarch, George V, for the first time. Neither club had reached the FA Cup Final before.

Match details

See also
FA Cup final results

References
General
Official site; fixtures and results service at TheFA.com
1913–14 FA Cup at rsssf.com
1913–14 FA Cup at soccerbase.com

Specific

1913-14
FA
Cup


The 1912–13 FA Cup was the 42nd season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). Aston Villa won the competition for the fifth time, beating Sunderland 1–0 in the final at Crystal Palace, London. Villa's triumph ended a series of new FA Cup winners which had occurred since 1909.

Calendar
The format of the FA Cup for the season had two preliminary rounds, five qualifying rounds, four proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.

First round proper

Source:

+ Match played at neutral venue

Second round proper
15 of the 16 second-round matches were played on Saturday 1 February 1913. Four matches were drawn, with the replays taking place in the following midweek . One of these went to a second replay the following week.

+ match played at neutral venue

Third round proper
The eight third-round matches were played on Saturday 22 February 1913. There were two replays, played in the following midweek.

Fourth round proper
The four fourth-round (quarter-final) matches were played on 8 March 1913. There was one replay, the Tyne-Wear derby between Newcastle United and Sunderland, played on 12 March. This went to a second replay, which Sunderland won.

Semi-finals

The semi-finals were played on 29 March 1913. The Burnley–Sunderland match went to a replay, which Sunderland won, going on to meet Aston Villa in the final.

Replay

Final

The final was contested by Aston Villa and Sunderland on 19 April 1913 at London's Crystal Palace. Aston Villa won 1–0, with a goal by Tommy Barber assisted by a crossed ball from Charlie Wallace. Wallace had earlier missed a penalty, something that would not occur again in FA Cup Final, until the 1988 final between Wimbledon and Liverpool.

Match details

References

1912-13
FA
Cup