Jiloan Mohammed Hamad Amin Alla Werdi (born 6 November 1990), known as Jiloan Hamad (), is a professional footballer who plays as a winger for Thai League 1 club Uthai Thani. Born in Azerbaijan and of Iraqi descent, Hamad moved to Sweden and represented their national team before switching to represent Iraq.

Early and personal life
Hamad was born in Azerbaijan, and is of Kurdish descent. His family originates from Ranya, Iraqi Kurdistan. They sought refugee status in both Turkmenistan and Russia before settling in Sweden in 1992, when Jiloan was two years old. Mohammed Hamad, Jiloan's father, was a guerrilla warrior in the Kurdish peshmerga for 15 years before fleeing Iraq together with his wife and children.

Club career

BK Forward
Having joined their youth setup aged 14–15, Hamad started his footballing career at the local club BK Forward in Örebro. He debuted in the senior team in 2006, aged 16, when the club competed in the Swedish third tier called Division 1. During the upcoming two seasons, he played 23 competitive games for the club, scoring 8 goals. During this period, he enjoyed a fruitful partnership with Jimmy Durmaz, his childhood friend who later would move on to play with him at Malmö FF. Before switching to the Scanian team he was refused by the local club Örebro SK, with the club citing that Hamad "was too short".

Malmö FF

Hamad came to Malmö FF from BK Forward in December 2007. He made his Allsvenskan debut on 17 September 2008 in a 0–4-loss against IF Elfsborg. After only having played one match for the club in 2008, Hamad had a breakthrough in 2009 when he played 20 matches and scored two goals. In 2010, he battled with teammate Jimmy Durmaz for the position as left midfielder. Hamad ended up playing 27 games although only starting in 10, the majority of which were played as right midfielder. In the final game of 2010, he scored the game-winning goal against Mjällby AIF that secured the title, the day after his 20th birthday.

Hamad started the 2011 season with injury problems and missed the start of the season. He recovered and became the natural choice for playing right midfielder after team-mate Guillermo Molins was sold in the summer transfer window of 2011. Hamad also participated in the club's campaign to qualify for the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League and scored the goal that took the club through to the play-off round after equalizing at home against Rangers. He continued to play in Europe as the club qualified for the group stage of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League after losing in the play-off round of the Champions League. During the 2011 season Hamad signed a new contract to the end of the 2013 season.

Hamad played all of Malmö FF's 30 league matches during the 2012 season. He also scored six goals which was his best goal production since joining the club. Hamad was also given the captaincy for the majority of the team's matches. Former captain Daniel Andersson had stepped down to focus on coaching duties before the beginning of the season and new captain Ulrich Vinzents received limited time on the pitch.

The 2013 season was Hamad's first and only season as full-time captain for the club. In total he played 28 matches and scored eight goals in the league. He also played all matches for the club during the qualification stage for the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League and scored two goals. Some of his goals in the early part of the season was match-deciding, on 14 April 2013 he scored the only goal of the game in the home fixture against Kalmar FF, one week later he made the same accomplishment in the away fixture against AIK. Malmö FF secured the title one round before the competition of the league and Hamad could raise Lennart Johanssons Pokal on 3 November 2013 after a last home win against Syrianska FC. His last match for the club was the 2013 Svenska Supercupen against IFK Göteborg which Malmö FF won 3–2. For his performances in the 2013 Allsvenskan season he won midfielder of the year and was also nominated for most valuable player of the year.

1899 Hoffenheim
On 30 October 2013, Bundesliga club 1899 Hoffenheim confirmed the free transfer of Jiloan Hamad to the club with a contract until 2017. The transfer went through on 1 January 2014 when the German transfer window opened. During the same spring he played 8 competitive games for his new side.

After attracting a serious injury during his loan spell at Standard Liège in 2015, he made his comeback for Hoffenheim in a Bundesliga fixture against Bayer Leverkusen on 23 January 2016, in which he scored the first goal in a 1–1 draw.

Standard Liège
In late January 2015, he was loaned to Belgian first tier side Standard Liège for the remainder of the 2014–2015 season. He played 6 competitive games for the side, scoring once, before injuring his knee in late March 2015, effectively ending his season.

Hammarby IF
He returned to his native country on 7 February 2017, signing a two-year deal (with an option for a further) with the Stockholm-based side Hammarby IF. Hamad scored two goals in three games as Hammarby got knocked out in the group stage of the 2016–17 Svenska Cupen. On 3 April, the first match day of Allsvenskan 2017, he contributed with an assist to Rômulo's 2–1-goal in an away loss against IFK Norrköping. He scored a brace for his side in a 2–1 away win against Halmstad on 14 May. Hamad scored his first home goal at Tele2 Arena on 13 August 2017, from the penalty spot in a 2–2 draw against Östersund.

Incheon United
On 29 January 2019, Hamad signed with Incheon United in the K League 1. On 23 July 2019 Jiloan Hamad parted ways with Incheon by mutual consent.

Al-Kholood
On 31 January 2023, Hamad joined Saudi First Division League side Al-Kholood.

International career
Having been born in Azerbaijan, Hamad was able to represent both Iraq, Azerbaijan and Sweden.

Sweden

Under-21
Hamad was a member and also for some time the captain of the Sweden U21 national side. On 7 September 2010, Hamad scored a last-minute goal for the 1–0 away win against Bulgaria U21 in a 2011 UEFA Euro U-21 Championship qualifier. In early 2011, Hamad revealed that he had rejected an offer from Azerbaijan coach Berti Vogts to play for his country of birth.

Senior
Hamad was first with the Sweden squad for the 2011 January training tour and played his first cap for Sweden during this tour. His first cap for Sweden was against Botswana on 19 January 2011. Hamad was once again selected for the annual training camp for the Sweden national team in January 2012. The squad selection for the camp traditionally features the best Swedish players in domestic and other Scandinavian leagues. He was selected for the friendly against England on 14 November, but did not get any playing time, and was then again selected for the winter tour in 2013.

After a five year absence, Hamad was called up to the Swedish squad for the training tour in January 2018. He made his return on the pitch in a 1–1 draw against Estonia, where several pundits praised Hamad's performance and voted him as the best player on the pitch.

Iraq
Hamad was reported to be called up by Iraq in October 2018 though he declined to comment. He was not called into Sweden's squad in December 2018. On 26 February 2019, Hamad announced that he would represent the Iraq national team and "help the team reach new heights" from February 2019 and onward.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Malmö FF
Allsvenskan: 2010, 2013
Svenska Supercupen: 2013

Individual
Allsvenskan midfielder of the year: 2013

See also
 List of Iraq international footballers

References

External links

 Malmö FF profile

Living people
1990 births
Footballers from Baku
Iraqi men's footballers
Swedish men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Iraq men's international footballers
Sweden men's youth international footballers
Sweden men's under-21 international footballers
Sweden men's international footballers
Swedish people of Iraqi descent
Swedish people of Kurdish descent
BK Forward players
Malmö FF players
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim players
Standard Liège players
Hammarby Fotboll players
Incheon United FC players
HNK Gorica players
Örebro SK players
Al-Kholood Club players
Allsvenskan players
Bundesliga players
K League 1 players
Belgian Pro League players
Croatian Football League players
Superettan players
Saudi First Division League players
Jiloan Hamad
Kurdish men's footballers
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Iraqi expatriate men's footballers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Iraqi expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Dual men's international footballers


The Handball events at the 1982 Asian Games were held in New Delhi, India between 19 November and 4 December 1982. The competition included only men's event.

Medalists

Results

Main round

Group A

Group B

Classification 5th–8th

Placement 7–8

Placement 5–6

Final round

Semifinals

Bronze medal match

Gold medal match

Final standing

References

 Results

1982 Asian Games events
1982
Asian Games
International handball competitions hosted by India


Cerner CCL (Cerner Command Language) is the Cerner Corporation fourth-generation programming language, which is expressed in the Cerner Discern Explorer solution. CCL is patterned after the Structured Query Language (SQL). All Cerner Millennium health information technology solutions use CCL/Discern Explorer to select from, insert into, update into and delete from a Cerner Millennium database and allows a programmer to fetch data from an Oracle database and display it as the user wants to see. With features like Record Structure and subroutines it allows a user to get data from a database and manipulate it by storing it in a temporary structure; execute a particular section of the code, if required using a subroutine.

Complete for CCL (Cerner Command Language) is provided by Cerner Corporation.

Discern Explorer provides several applications that can be used to create, execute, and analyze ad hoc queries, reports and programs. These applications provide flexibility in the skill set needed to build programs and design reports. Discern Explorer programs can be written using, VisualExplorer.exe (VE), DiscernVisualDeveloper.exe (DVDev), an operating system command-line editor, or any other text editor. ExplorerMenu.exe (EM) is used to execute Discern Explorer programs on demand. ExplorerAnalyzer.exe (EA) allows its users to analyze the system resources used by RDBMS queries.

CCL Hello World examples:
Example 1
 call echo("Hello World!") go
Example 2
 drop program helloworld2 go
 create program helloworld2
    call echo("Hello World!")
 end go
Example 3
 drop program helloworld3 go
 create program helloworld3
  PAINT
  call TEXT(1,1, "Hello World!")
 end go
Example 4 class example
  DROP PROGRAM JCMCLASS1A GO
  CREATE PROGRAM JCMCLASS1A
   CREATE CLASS c_pat
    ;The c_pat class is an example class type which encapsulates the demographic members as well as the
    ;methods needed to operate on this class.
    ;The class consists of optional sections with member and methods denoted with a namespace
    init ;class constructor
      call echo("init c_pat class section")
      DECLARE _::pvar1 = vc WITH CONSTANT("pvar1 test")        ;class instance member (default if namespace omitted)
      DECLARE class::pvar2 = vc WITH NOCONSTANT("pvar2 test")  ;class member shared across instances
      DECLARE _::pvar3 = vc WITH CONSTANT("pvar3 test")
      DECLARE private::pvar4 = i4                              ;private class instance member
      DECLARE _::instance_name = vc
      RECORD _::rec1(
        1 qual
          2 birth_dt_tm = dq8
          2 race = c2
          2 religion = c2
          2 year = i4
          2 month = i4
          2 day = i4
      )
      DECLARE _::set_month(year=i4,month=i4,day=i4) = null
      call echo(build("class::pvar2=",class::pvar2))
      SUBROUTINE _::set_month(year,month,day)
        SET _::rec1->year = year
        SET _::rec1->month = month
        SET _::rec1->day = day
      END ;subroutine
    END ;class constructor
    FINAL ;class destructor
      call echo(build("final c_pat class instance section:",instance_name))
    END ;class destructor
   WITH copy=1
  END GO
  DROP PROGRAM JCMCLASS1 GO
  CREATE PROGRAM JCMCLASS1
    execute jcmclass1a  ;load class definition
    declare c1::i_patient1 = null with class(c_pat)  ;declare first instance from class c_pat
    declare c1::i_patient2 = null with class(c_pat)  ;declare second instance from class c_pat
    call echo(">>>class variable")
    set c1::i_patient1.instance_name = "c1::i_patient1"
    set c1::i_patient2.instance_name = "c1::i_patient2"
    call echo(">>>class record member")
    set c1::i_patient1.rec1->birth_dt_tm = cnvtdatetime("01-JAN-2012 08:30.00")
    set c1::i_patient2.rec1->birth_dt_tm = cnvtdatetime("01-FEB-2013 10:30.00")
    call echo(">>>class function")
    call c1::i_patient1.set_month(2012,10,16)
    call c1::i_patient2.set_month(2012,06,10)
    call echo(build("instance_name=",c1::i_patient1.instance_name))
    call echo(build("instance_name=",c1::i_patient2.instance_name))
    call echorecord(c1::i_patient1.rec1)
    call echorecord(c1::i_patient2.rec1)
    if ($1=1) call trace(38) endif
    ;display class info using class(<class_instance>,<class_info_id>[,<mode>])
    declare class_info=vc
    declare cid = i4
    set cid = 1
    while (cid > 0)
      set class_info = class(c1::i_patient1,cid,1)
      if (class_info=" ") set cid = 0 else call echo(class_info) set cid=cid+1 endif
    endwhile
    set cid = 1
    while (cid > 0)
      set class_info = class(c1::i_patient1,cid,3)
      if (class_info=" ") set cid = 0 else call echo(class_info) set cid=cid+1 endif
    endwhile
    set curalias r1 c1::i_patient1.rec1->qual
    set r1->race="AB"
    select into nl from dummyt
      detail
        call echo(build("report=",c1::i_patient1.instance_name))
        call echo(r1->race)
    with nocounter
    call echo(build(">>>>>>>>>>>c1::i_patient1=",c1::i_patient1))
    free set c1::i_patient1
    free set c1::i_patient2
    if ($1=2) call trace(38) endif
  END GO

References

Fourth-generation programming languages


Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), informally Qazvin International University,  is an international university in Iran that was founded after the Islamic Revolution. The bill of IKIU’s constitution was ratified by the Iranian Parliament in January 1984. Constituent organs of IKIU include Board of trustees, president, and council. Deputies for Education, Research, and Students and Culture are some of the other departments. In addition, there is a Science and Technology Park, and central library with more than 100000 books and magazines.

IKIU has formed the Brilliant-Talent students’ office to recognize top students and to support and guide the students, providing educational and welfare facilities. It has seven faculties. The Persian Language Teaching Center has hosted students from more than 96 countries, enjoying language labs, library, and computer site. Amirreza Vakilifard is the founding member of the first-ever Persian Language teaching department aimed at foreign learners in Iran. He has been teaching Persian language to foreign students since 1995 at the Imam Khomeini International University(IKIU) in Qazvin, Iran.

History
The university was established in 1991 to further culture, civilization, and thought of Muslim world. As an educational, research, and cultural institution under the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, IKIU has the following aims:
 Furthering and promoting Islamic culture in the Muslim world
 Propagating Islamic culture and thought and science and technology on an international scale
 Introducing grand figures of the Muslim world with the purpose of consolidating Islamic culture
 Taking advantage of innovations and developments in science and technology to the benefit of Iran and other Islamic countries
 Training committed specialists with the purpose of making Islamic countries scientifically and culturally self-reliant
 Contributing toward the development of higher education in Iran

Status
The university offers 30 undergraduate courses and 13 master courses with a faculty of 183 staff teachers. There are 5489 undergraduates and 1281 graduate students. According to Four-Year Development Plan, five undergraduate courses, 17 master courses, and five PhD courses will be added to the programs of study.

The university admits international students. A total of 200 to 250 international students are admitted into the Center for Teaching Persian to non-natives each year.

Since not all of the academic levels and programs of study required by such students are available in IKIU and because the number of international applicants is on the rise, some international students will be referred to other leading universities in the country to continue their studies after they complete Persian language and pre-university courses.

500 international students from 55 countries are doing their 22 undergraduate and graduate courses at IKIU. Country-wide, around 5000 such students are doing humanities, engineering, science, and medicine.

Campus
The main campus of Imam Khomeini International University is in Qazvin, Iran. There is a Science and Technology Park near the main campus. A residential complex is near the main campus.

Buildings

Main Campus
Faculty of Science (Page)
Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Page)
Faculty of Literature and Humanity Sciences (Page)
Faculty of Islamic Sciences and Researches (Page)
Faculty of Social Sciences (Page)
Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development (Page)
Faculty of Futures Studies
Central Library
Central Hall
Professional laboratories
Restaurant
Mosque
Sports hall

Residential complex
Persian Language Center (Page)
Dormitories
Sports hall
Soccer field

Faculty and alumni

Chancellors
*Unfinished because of Islamic Revolution

Notable faculty
 Abdolkarim Soroush, as professor of Islamic Philosophy, before leaving the country
 Abolhassan Naeini, associated professor of Civil engineering
Amirreza Vakilifard, prominent second language educationalist
 Saeid Abbasbandy, professor of mathematics
 Hassan Esmati, teacher of theology and former Iran's cultural attaché in Tunisia
 Alireza Shokouhi, Iranian prominent hydrologist
 Hossein Abadian, professor of Iran's contemporary history

Notable alumni
 Narges Mohammadi, Iranian human rights activist

See also
List of Iranian Research Centers
List of colleges and universities
Higher education in Iran
Buein Zahra Technical University
Academy of Gundishapur
List of Iranian scientists from the pre-modern era.
Modern Iranian scientists and engineers
Education in Iran
National Library of Iran
Sarad
Simorq

References

External links
IKIU Photo gallery
Official website
Official bzte website
English website
Arabic website

Educational institutions established in 1991
Education in Qazvin Province
Buildings and structures in Qazvin Province
1991 establishments in Iran


"Man Next Door" (also known as "Quiet Place" or "I've Got to Get Away") is a song written by John Holt and first recorded by his group The Paragons in 1968.

The Paragons version was produced by Duke Reid and first released on his Duke label as the B-side of "Left with a Broken Heart".

The song has been covered by numerous other reggae artists including Dennis Brown, UB40 and Horace Andy who also sang on a more electronic version of the song for the Massive Attack album Mezzanine, with samples of the drum break from Led Zeppelin's cover of "When the Levee Breaks" and The Cure's "10:15 Saturday Night". The song was released as a single by The Slits in 1980, when it reached number 5 on the UK Indie Chart, staying on the chart for 13 weeks. Holt's version also formed the basis of L.E.G.A.C.Y.'s rap version, while Horace Andy's "Quiet Place" was used as the basis of deejay versions from Dr Alimantado ("Poison Flour" and "I Shall Fear No Evil"), I-Roy ("Noisy Place") and The Dirty Heads ("Neighborhood"). U-Roy also recorded a deejay version of the song with "Peace and Love in the Ghetto" and later again in his album Solid Gold, with the participation of Santigold.

The song was used to introduce the "I Saw You Coming" sketches in Harry & Paul from series 2.

References

1967 songs
1980 singles
The Slits songs
Santigold songs


Badien Island (also spelled Jazeerat Dadeen) is one of the largest islands on the Nile and the second biggest island in Sudan. The island is  in length and  in width. It is  north to Dongola, the capital of the Northern state, Sudan. Badien Island is home to 40,000 people, all Nubians, who speak the Nubian languages of Nobiin (Mahasi/Halfawai) and Andaandi(Dongolawi). Badien Island is divided into four administrative districts by north, south, east, and west. Its main industry is agriculture, planting wheat, beans, and other crops. The island obtained an electricity grid in 2005, raising the efficiency of agriculture on the island.

See also
Geography of Sudan

References

Islands of the Nile
Northern (state)
River islands of Sudan


Henry Horne may refer to:

Henry Horne (MP) for Kent in 1404
Henry Horne, 1st Baron Horne (1861–1929), British Army officer
Henry Horne (Australian politician) (1872–1955), New South Wales politician
Henry Horne (basketball), American basketball player

See also
Henry Horn (disambiguation)


is a Japanese actress, voice actress and narrator from Ibaraki Prefecture.

Biography

Filmography

Television animation
Black Lagoon (Shenhua)
Captain Tsubasa (Heisei era edition) (Tsubasa's mother)
Hidamari no Ki (Umika)
MÄR (Rapunzel)
Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo (Ibu Honzen)
Kokoro Library (Midori Okajima)
Martial Arts Cooking Legend Bistro-Recipe (Yōen Chūnangu)
Ojarumaru (Imomushi, Ageha, housewife)
Shingu: Secret of the Stellar Wars (Kumi Isozaki)
Shrine of the Morning Mist (Yukie Uranami)
Shugo Chara! (Orie)
The Story of Saiunkoku (Rin Sai-Tei)
Street Fighter II V (Cammy)
Super Doll Licca-chan (Orie Kayama)
Soar High! Isami (Haruka Kōboku, Kanata)
Tytania (Tereeza Tytania)
You're Under Arrest Second Season (Carnaby)

OVA
Lament of the Lamb (Natsuko Eda)

Theatrical animation
Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie (Cammy)
Super Doll Licca-chan: Licca-chan Zettai Zetsumei! Doll Knights no Kiseki (Orie Kayama)

Video games
Kenka Banchō (Saki Asaoka)
Love Songs Idol Classmate (Miyu Amagi)
Suikoden V (Hasuwāru, Kisara, Suparu)

Drama
Doctor Kotō Clinic
Hi no Ryōsen
Tuesday Suspense Theater
Waterboys

External links

1975 births
Living people
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society voice actors
Voice actresses from Ibaraki Prefecture
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses


Arne Strand (17 March 1944 – 10 May 2023) was a Norwegian journalist and politician for the Labour Party. He was the political editor in the newspaper Dagsavisen until his death.

Strand graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.mag. degree in 1968. He worked as a journalist in Vårt Land from 1964 to 1966, in Arbeiderbladet from 1966 to 1976, and in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 1976 to 1987. Between 1987 and 1989 he was a State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister, as a part of Gro Harlem Brundtland's second cabinet.

Having been political editor and news editor in his later years with the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, in 1990 he was hired as political editor in Arbeiderbladet, which in 1997 changed its name to Dagsavisen. He was acting editor-in-chief from 2004 to 2005 and from 2009. From 1999 to 2006 he chaired the Norwegian branch of the International Press Institute.

Strand was the adoptive father of the television host Christian Strand.

Strand died on 10 May 2023, at the age of 79. He had been ill with cancer for 17 years prior to his death.

References

1944 births
2023 deaths
Norwegian newspaper editors
Norwegian state secretaries
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
University of Oslo alumni
Dagsavisen editors
Journalists from Oslo


Shodex is the brand name of HPLC columns and is best known for polymer-based columns. The product range covers aqueous and organic Size Exclusion Chromatography columns for large (bio-)molecules, columns for the routine analysis of sugars and organic acids, and a variety of Reversed Phase and HILIC columns. Additionally they offer Ion Chromatography (IC) and Ion Exchange columns.

Shodex HPLC Columns are manufactured in Japan by Showa Denko (will be renamed on January 1, 2023, in Resonac), one of the largest Japanese chemical companies and listed in the Nikkei 225 index. They produce around 260 different columns, most packed with polymer-based particles, and have been doing so since 1973.

The portfolio includes standard analytical columns, semi-micro columns, and preparative columns. Also size exclusion chromatography calibration standards are available (Pullulan, Polystyrene, Polymethylmethacrylate)

Shodex is distributed worldwide by the different sales offices and by a range of local distributors.

External links
Shodex Worldwide and Asia general website
Shodex North and Latin America website
Shodex Europe, Middle East, Africa website
Showa Denko Develops New Shodex™ Analytical Column

Chromatography


Yvan Ylieff (, Ivan Iliev; born 8 March 1941) is a Belgian politician of the Francophone Socialist Party.

Ylieff was born in Verviers, Liège, to a Bulgarian emigrant family. He graduated in history before engaging in politics. In 1973, he was elected mayor of the municipality of Dison, a position he held until 2018. From 1974 to 1995, he was a member of Belgian Chamber of Representatives, the lower house of the Belgian Federal Parliament. In 1988–1989, he was a Minister of National Education of Belgium; from 1989 to 1992, he served as the French Community of Belgium's Minister of Culture and Higher Education. In 1995–1999, he was federal Minister of Scientific Policy and from 1999 to 2003 he was Government Commissioner of Scientific Issues.

References

Government ministers of Belgium
Members of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
Mayors of places in Belgium
Belgian people of Bulgarian descent
1941 births
Living people
People from Verviers


The King's School is a coeducational secondary school with academy status, located in Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England. It is one of the four oldest schools in Yorkshire, dating from 1139 and was refounded by King Edward VI in 1548.

History
King's School Pontefract was founded in 1139. Little documentation survives from its early years, and it was refounded in the reign of King Edward VI. It has been associated with the Duchy of Lancaster since 1588 when it was given an endowment to allow it to continue functioning. In 1792 it was refounded yet again by George III who is the eponymous king. Annual payments of £50 were made by the Duchy of Lancaster until 1869. It closed in the 1880s but reopened on 4 May 1890 and has continued to the present day, although it was relocated in 1932.

Grammar school
The present buildings were opened on 14 July 1932 by Sir F. Stanley Jackson. It was a boys' grammar school with around 650 boys, operated by the West Riding County Council. Four houses were formed, each associated with a name and a colour. They were Atkinson (yellow), Lyon (blue), De Lacy (green) and King Edward (red). Classes corresponding to years were numbered from 1 to 5 with three streamed classes in each year from and including Form 2. Upon entry to the school boys were placed in classes 1A, 1B and 1C ordered by surname alphabetically. In the second form streaming started with the top 30 rated pupils being placed in 2R (R for Rapid as year 3 was skipped by these pupils, passing directly to 4R). The other classes in the second form were 2A, 2B, 2C based on academic level. Thereafter the classes were for example in the 5th form: 5R, 5A, 5B. All pupils had a form master and went to classes with specialist Teachers. There were not enough rooms for all classes to have a form room - some of the upper sixth form used to have the corridor outside the dining room as their form room. Only a few pupils stayed on for the sixth form, many pupils left the school at 16. It was expected that the R-class pupils would go on to the sixth form. The Grammar school had a tradition of playing Rugby Union and there were fields outside for this purpose, which were converted for cricket in the summer.

Comprehensive
The school became a comprehensive with a sixth form in 1978. Pontefract Girls' High School, the girls' grammar school became New College, Pontefract, and 11-18 school. In 1987, Pontefract schools lost their sixth form, with a sixth form college being established at NEW College, Pontefract.

Academy
The school converted to academy status on 1 April 2013 and is one of two high schools with Carleton High School in Pontefract Academies Trust.

Headmasters
The following have been headmasters:
 1548 John Stagg
1585 Lyonell Naylor
1593 John Marshe
1593 William Hartley
1622 Arthur Bromeley
1622 Thurston Elliott
1654 Thomas Lake
1662 Thomas Hunt
1672 Joseph Swift
1685 Nathan Drake
1689 Thomas Atkinson
1697 Thomas Horwood
1705 Thomas Horwood
1713 Francis Lassells
1737 Richard Harrison
1742 William Holmes
1778 Miles Steadman
1793 James Bindloss
1806 James Dixon
1807 Archibold C Campbell
1822 Pattison Watman
1851 Samuel W Newbald
1869 Thomas Longley
1874 Henry Caukwell
1889 Thomas H Nichols
1918 Edward B Forrest
1939 John D Lean (Died late 1958)
1959 Alan Aldous
1970 J. Gavin Peck
1977 Mrs Joyce Grace (nee Pickersgill)
1985 V.S Kenningham
2000 Julie Craig
2013 Barbara Tibbets
2018 Elaine Briggs
2019 Dominic Pinto

Admissions
The school is currently situated on a raised area near Ackworth Road in Pontefract, along Mill Hill Lane, southwest of the town centre and the A645/A639 crossroads. There are over 1,000 pupils, 60 teaching staff and 53 additional staff. The school's current Headteacher is Mr Dominic Pinto. The King's School, Carleton High School and many of the Primary Schools in the two pyramids are now members of Pontefract Academies Trust (previously, Pontefract Education Trust)

Sport
The school's sporting traditions include rugby union (the year 11 team reached the final of the Yorkshire Cup in 2006), and athletics, with some pupils achieving local and national honours.

Notable former pupils
 Derek Birdsall, graphic designer, who redesigned the Book of Common Prayer in 2000
 Ken Booth, E. H. Carr Professor of International Politics from 1999 to 2008 at Aberystwyth University
 Michael Eaton, former chief spokesman of the National Coal Board during the miners' strike
 Scott Grant KCB, Chief Royal Engineer from 1999 to 2004, Quartermaster-General to the Forces from 1998 to 2000, and Colonel Commandant from 1997 to 2004 of the Royal Engineers
 Henry John Poskitt, Roman Catholic Bishop of Leeds from 1936 to 1950
 Rich Johnston, cartoonist, writer and journalist
 Simon Thorp, Viz cartoonist
 Peter Townend, former social editor of Tatler
 Nick Revell, stand-up comedian and scriptwriter*

References

Secondary schools in the City of Wakefield
1139 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in the 12th century
Defunct grammar schools in England
Pontefract
Academies in the City of Wakefield


A structure chart (SC) in software engineering and organizational theory is a chart which shows the breakdown of a system to its lowest manageable levels. They are used in structured programming to arrange program modules into a tree. Each module is represented by a box, which contains the module's name. The tree structure visualizes the relationships between modules.

Overview

A structure chart is a top-down modular design tool, constructed of squares representing the different modules in the system, and lines that connect them. The lines represent the connection and or ownership between activities and subactivities as they are used in organization charts.

In structured analysis structure charts, according to Wolber (2009), "are used to specify the high-level design, or architecture, of a computer program. As a design tool, they aid the programmer in dividing and conquering a large software problem, that is, recursively breaking a problem down into parts that are small enough to be understood by a human brain. The process is called top-down design, or functional decomposition. Programmers use a structure chart to build a program in a manner similar to how an architect uses a blueprint to build a house. In the design stage, the chart is drawn and used as a way for the client and the various software designers to communicate. During the actual building of the program (implementation), the chart is continually referred to as "the master-plan".

A structure chart depicts
 the size and complexity of the system, and
 number of readily identifiable functions and modules within each function and
 whether each identifiable function is a manageable entity or should be broken down into smaller components.

A structure chart is also used to diagram associated elements that comprise a run stream or thread. It is often developed as a hierarchical diagram, but other representations are allowable. The representation must describe the breakdown of the configuration system into subsystems and the lowest manageable level. An accurate and complete structure chart is the key to the determination of the configuration items (CI), and a visual representation of the configuration system and the internal interfaces among its CIs(define CI clearly). During the configuration control process, the structure chart is used to identify CIs and their associated artifacts that a proposed change may impact.

Structure chart construction
 According to Wolber (2009), "a structure chart can be developed starting with the creating of a structure, which places the root of an upside-down tree which forms the structure chart. The next step is to conceptualize the main sub-tasks that must be performed by the program to solve the problem. Next, the programmer focuses on each sub-task individually, and conceptualizes how each can be broken down into even smaller tasks. Eventually, the program is broken down to a point where the leaves of the tree represent simple methods that can be coded with just a few program statements".

In practice, see figure, first it is checked if a structure chart has been developed already. If so an expert needs to review it to ensure it represents the current structure and if not, updates the chart where needed..

See also

 Computer-aided software engineering
 System context diagram
 Decomposition diagram
 Function model
 HIPO
 Structured Analysis and Design Technique
 Warnier/Orr diagram
 Work breakdown structure

References

Further reading
 Sarah Brooks (1981). "Structure Charts and Basic Programming". in: MATYC Journal, v15 n2 p. 107-112 Spring 1981.
 Tom DeMarco (1979). Structured Analysis and System Specification. Prentice Hall.
 Edward Yourdon (1999). Modern Structured Analysis, Yourdon Press Computing Series, 1999,

External links
 Structure charts Overview.
 State Court Structure Charts, a series of examples.
 Structure Charts (.doc).

Charts
Systems analysis


In ancient Egypt, men who married to princesses became king. Most of the time, they have to be one of royal members to get marriage to princesses.

Queen of Egypt may refer to:

Great Royal Wife, the ancient queens of Egypt
List of ancient Egyptian royal consorts
Any of the female pharaohs of Egypt, such as Hatshepsut or Cleopatra
List of consorts of the Muhammad Ali dynasty, the modern queens of Egypt

See also
Egyptian Queen, a 1969 painting by Frank Frazetta


Pratapbimba was the son of Raja Bhimdev and he ruled the islands of Mumbai from 1303 to 1331. After Bhimdev's death in 1303, he was succeeded by his son Pratapbimba, who built his capital at Marol in Salsette, which he named Pratappur. The islands were wrested from Pratapbimba's control by Mubarak Khan, a self-proclaimed regent of the Khilji dynasty, who occupied Mahim and Salsette in 1318. It was later reconquered by Pratapbimba, which he ruled till 1331.

Notes

References

History of Mumbai


Alexandre Du Sommerard (31 August 1779, in Bar-sur-Aube – 19 August 1842, in Paris) was a French archaeologist and art collector.

Life
He volunteered for the army at 14 and took part in the French Revolutionary Wars. Returning to civil life, he became attached to the Cour des comptes, at first as a référendaire, then as a conseiller-maître, spending all his leisure time and most of his modest fortune on collecting, classifying and publishing a collection of medieval and Renaissance art objects.

Each day, his cabinet of furniture, vases and utensils of all kinds which he saved from their destroyers, since for a long while he was almost the only person in Paris collecting these curiosities that were later so much studied. Little by little he gained imitators and, always ready to reply to questions of taste and even enquiries from the indiscrete curious, Du Sommerard welcomed people to see his collection and gave lessons in practical archaeology.

The hôtel de Cluny, a Gothic palace built in the late 15th century by Jacques d'Amboise and the only surviving medieval palace in Paris, owes its survival to Du Sommerard. He took it over as a home and as a place to house his collection. On his death the Musée d'antiquités nationales that he created was acquired by the French state and his son, Edmond was chosen to be its first curator. The Rue des Mathurins was renamed Rue du Sommerard in his honour.

Works
 Vues de Provins, dessinées et lithographiées, en 1822, par plusieurs artistes, avec un texte par M. D., Paris: chez Gide, 1822.
 "Notice Nécrologique sur M. Xavier Leprince, Peintre de genre, mort à Nice le 26 décembre 1826", Journal des artistes, 28 January 1827, pp. 56–58.
 Notices sur l'hôtel de Cluny et le palais des Thermes, 1834.
 Les Arts au Moyen Âge, folio and 5 volumes of text, 1842–1846; a large work on medieval art, the summation of his travels, long studies, and wide reading, which he worked on until his death.

Sources
 Prosper Mérimée, Notice sur la vie et les travaux d'Alexandre Du Sommerard, Fondateur des collections de l'Hôtel de Cluny, Paris, Hôtel de Cluny, 1883.

External links

1779 births
1842 deaths
French medievalists
French art collectors
French antiquarians
French archaeologists
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French male non-fiction writers


Latvian Higher League 2009 () was the 18th season of top-tier football in Latvia. It began on 14 March 2009 with the first round of games and ended on 8 November 2009 with the 36th round of matches. Ventspils were the defending champions.

Due to numerous pre-season team changes, such as club mergers and withdrawals, the format of the league was changed. Since there are only 9 clubs that participate in 2009 Virslīga, every team plays 4 times against every other team, what will make every team playing 32 games. Contrary to the previous season, there is not Championship and Relegation pool.

Teams
Olimps Rīga were relegated after finishing the relegation round in last place. They were replaced by First League champions FK Daugava Riga.

Blāzma won the promotion/relegation play-off against Tranzīts Ventspils with 6–1 on aggregate. However, after several mergers and withdrawals Tranzīts were also awarded a place in Virslīga, as the runners-up of First League.

FK Rīga withdrew due to unpaid debts. They eventually merged with Olimps Rīga and created a new club called Olimps/RFS. The new club plays in Virslīga, what saved Olimps Rīga from relegation.

On 12 January 2009 Vindava withdrew from Virslīga due to financial reasons.

FK Jūrmala merged with JFC Kauguri/Multibanka, which is also a merger of JFC Kauguri Jūrmala and FK Multibanka Rīga, to a new club named FK Jūrmala-VV. The new club carried over the players and other personnel from FK Jūrmala.

Daugava Daugavpils and Dinaburg also merged and remained under the Dinaburg FC name. It is not yet certain which club's staff will operate the new club. Dinaburg also took Daugava's 2009–10 UEFA Europa League spot.

League table

Results

First half of season

Second half of season

Relegation play-offs
Since there are only 9 clubs participating in 2009 Virslīga, no teams will be directly relegated. 9th placed Virslīga team and runners-up of First League will compete in relegation play-offs for one spot in Virslīga 2010. The other spot will be taken by First League champions. Since one of the teams were excluded from the league, the relegation play-off will be replaced with the direct promotion of the First League team placing second.

Team of the season 2009
Goalkeepers: Viktors Spole  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
Aleksandrs Vlasovs (Skonto FC )

Defenders:
Oskars Kļava  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
Grigori Chirkin  (FK Ventspils ),
Deniss Ivanovs  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
David Gamezardashvili  (Skonto FC ),
Tomas Tamošauskas  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
Vitālijs Smirnovs  (Skonto FC ),
Deniss Kačanovs  (FK Ventspils ),
Dzintars Zirnis  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs )

Midfielders:
Jurijs Žigajevs  (FK Ventspils ),
Andrejs Prohorenkovs  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
Vitālijs Astafjevs  (FK Ventspils ),
Jevgēņijs Kosmačovs  (FK Ventspils ),
Maksims Rafaļskis  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
Igors Kozlovs (Skonto FC ),
Pāvels Surņins  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
Igor Tigirlas  (FK Ventspils )

Forwards:
Vits Rimkus  (FK Ventspils ),
Vladimir Dvalishvili  (Skonto FC ),
Kristaps Grebis  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs ),
Ģirts Karlsons  (FK Liepājas Metalurgs )

See also
 2009–10 Latvian Cup

References

External links
 Latvian Football Federation
 Latvian Football Federation news

Latvian Higher League seasons
1
Latvia
Latvia


The rue des Mathurins-Saint-Jacques, now known as the rue Du Sommerard after Alexandre Du Sommerard, is a street in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, in the Sorbonne quarter.

Sommerard


Frans Baillieu Möller (25 February 1897 in Malmö – 14 April 1995 in Lund) was a Swedish freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

In 1920, he was a member of the Swedish relay team which finished fourth in the 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay competition. In the 1500 metre freestyle event he was eliminated in the first round.

References

1897 births
1995 deaths
Olympic swimmers for Sweden
Swimmers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Swedish male freestyle swimmers
Sportspeople from Malmö


SM U-1 or U-I was the lead boat of the U-1-class of submarines or U-boats built for and operated by the Austro-Hungarian Navy ( or ). U-1 was designed by American naval architect Simon Lake of the Lake Torpedo Boat Company, and constructed at the Navy Yard in Pola. She was one of two Lake-designed submarines purchased as part of a competitive evaluation of foreign submarine designs after domestic proposals were rejected by the Navy.

Ordered on 24 November 1906, U-1 was laid down in July 1907 before being launched in February 1909. She was  long and displaced  while surfaced and  while submerged. An experimental design, U-1 included unique features such as a diving chamber and wheels for traveling along the seabed. Originally powered by gasoline engines for surface running, sea trials throughout 1909 and 1910 showed these engines to be incapable of reaching the submarine's contracted speed and to pose a risk of poisoning the crew. U-1 was commissioned in April 1911 and served as a training boat through 1914, though she was mobilized briefly during the Balkan Wars. U-1s design has been described by naval historians as a failure that was rendered obsolete by the time she was commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Despite these criticisms, tests of her design provided information which the Navy used to construct subsequent submarines.

At the beginning of World War I, U-1 was in drydock awaiting new batteries and replacement diesel engines. U-1 returned to service as a training boat until October 1915. From November she conducted reconnaissance cruises out of Trieste and Pola until being declared obsolete in early 1918. She continued to serve in a training role at the submarine base on Brioni, but was at Pola at the end of the war. Facing defeat in October 1918, the Austro-Hungarian government transferred its navy to the newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to avoid having to hand its ships over to the Allied Powers. Following the Armistice of Villa Giusti in November 1918, U-1 was seized by Italian forces and subsequently granted to the Kingdom of Italy under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1920. Italy chose to scrap the submarine, and she was broken up at Pola later that same year without ever having sunk or damaged any vessels during her career.

Background
Prior to 1904, the Austro-Hungarian Navy had shown little to no interest in submarines, preferring to instead observe other navies experiment with the relatively new type of ship. In early 1904, after allowing the navies of other countries to pioneer submarine developments, Constructor General (German: Generalschiffbauingenieur) of the Austro-Hungarian Navy Siegfried Popper, ordered the Naval Technical Committee (German: Marinetechnisches Kommittee, MTK) to produce a submarine design. Technical problems during the initial design phase, however, delayed further any proposals from MTK for nearly a year.

After observing the MTK design submitted in early 1905, the Naval Section of the War Ministry (German: Marinesektion) remained skeptical. Additional proposals submitted by the public as part of a design competition were all rejected as well by the Austro-Hungarian Navy as being impracticable. As a result, the Navy decided to purchase designs from three different foreign firms for a class of submarines. Each design was to be accompanied by two submarines to test each ship against one another. This was done to properly evaluate the different proposals which would come forward. Simon Lake, owner of the Lake Torpedo Boat Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut, was chosen as one of the participants in this design competition by the Navy. After being recommended by Popper, Lake traveled to Austria-Hungary in 1906 to negotiate the details of his contract with the Navy, which formally ordered plans for the building of two boats—including U-1—on 24 November.

Design

Although intended to serve as an experimental design when initially ordered, U-1 and her sister ship U-2 would be the first submarines of the Austro-Hungarian Navy. However, both ships would prove to be a disappointment. U-1 and her sister ship were described by the naval historians David Dickson, Vincent O'Hara, and Richard Worth as "obsolete and unreliable when completed and suffered from problems even after modifications". René Greger, another naval historian, wrote that U-1 and her sister ship "proved a total failure".

Despite these criticisms and shortcomings, the experimental nature of the submarine provided valuable information for the Austro-Hungarian Navy, and Lake's designs did address what the Navy was asking for when ordering the submarine class. John Poluhowich writes in his book Argonaut: The Submarine Legacy of Simon Lake that U-1 was "completed to the satisfaction of Austrian officials". Lake himself praised both ships, particularly their periscopes.

U-1 was constructed in line with Austro-Hungarian naval policy at the time, which stressed coastal defense and patrolling of the Adriatic Sea. Following the onset of World War I, however, it became clear that Austro-Hungarian U-boats were best suited for offensive operations, namely raiding Allied shipping in the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas.

General characteristics
Built with a double hull, U-1 had an overall length of , with a beam of  and a draught of . U-1 was designed to displace  while surfaced, but while submerged she displaced . After her modernization, the length of U-1 was increased to .

U-1 was derived from an earlier concept for a submarine intended for peaceful sea exploration. As a result, she had several features typical of Lake's earlier designs. These including a diving chamber under the bow and two variable pitch propellers. The diving chamber was intended for manned underwater missions such as destroying ships with explosives and severing off-shore telegraph cables, as well as for exiting or entering the submarine during an emergency. This diving chamber ultimately proved its usefulness during the sea trials of U-1 and her sister ship when the crew of one submarine forgot to bring their lunches on-board before conducting an underwater endurance test. A diver from shore was able to transport lunch for the crew without the submarine having to resurface. Lake's design also called for two retractable wheels that, in theory, could allow travel over the seabed. The design also placed the diving tanks above the waterline of the cylindrical hull, which necessitated a heavy ballast keel for vertical stability. The location of the diving tanks also necessitated flooding to be done by pumps.

The propulsion system for U-1 consisted of two gasoline engines for surface running and two electric motors for running submerged. The gasoline engines could produce , while the electric motors had an output of . These engines could produce a speed of  while surfaced, and  when submerged. U-1 had an operational range of  while traveling at  when surfaced, and  while traveling at  when submerged. For underwater steering, her design featured four pairs of diving planes. These planes provided the submarines with a considerable amount of maneuverability.

The submarine had three  torpedo tubes—two in the bow, one in the stern—and could carry up to five torpedoes, but typically carried three. In 1917, U-1 was fitted with a  deck gun, which was ultimately removed in January 1918 when the submarine resumed training duties. U-1 was designed for a crew of 17 officers and men.

Construction and commissioning

U-1 was laid down on 2 July 1907 at the Pola Navy Yard (German: Seearsenal) in Pola. Construction on the submarine was delayed by the need to import the American-made engines. As the first ship of her class, U-1 was launched on 10 February 1908.

Upon completion of the submarine, the Austro-Hungarian Navy evaluated U-1 in sea trials throughout 1909 and 1910. These trials were considerably longer than other sea trials due to the experimental nature of the submarines and the desire of Austro-Hungarian naval officials to test every possible aspect of the ship. During these trials, extensive technical problems with the gasoline engines of both submarines were revealed. Exhaust fumes and gasoline vapors frequently poisoned the air inside the boat and increased the risk of internal explosions, while the engines themselves were not able reach the contracted speed, which was supposed to be  while surfaced and  while submerged. Indeed, the engine problems for U-1 were so significant that on multiple occasions her crew had to conduct emergency resurfacing to bring fresh air into the ship. Because of the problems, the Austro-Hungarian Navy considered the engines to be unsuitable for wartime use and paid only for the hulls and armament of U-1. While replacement diesel engines were ordered from the Austrian firm Maschinenfabrik Leobersdorf, they agreed to a lease of the gasoline engines at a fee of $4,544 USD annually for both U-1 and her sister ship U-2.

Flooding the diving tanks, which was necessary to dive, took over 14 minutes and 37 seconds in early tests, but was later reduced to 8 minutes. Despite the engine problems, U-1 and her sister ship had the best performance in diving and steering among the U-boats under evaluation by the Navy. At a depth of  her hull began to show signs of stress and was in danger of being crushed. As a result, the commission overseeing U-1s sea trials set her maximum dive depth at . While surfaced, the shape of U-1s hull resulted in a significant bow-wave, which led to the bow of the ship dipping under the water while surfaced. In order to correct this problem, the deck and bow casing of the submarine was reconstructed in January 1915. Other tests proved the use of U-1s underwater wheels on the seabed to be almost impossible. On 5 April both of U-1s electric motors were damaged in a flooding incident during her trials.

Service history

Pre-war
U-1 was commissioned into the Austro-Hungarian Navy on 15 April 1911 and served as a training boat—conducting up to ten training cruises per month—through 1914. Despite being used primarily for training duties, U-1 was mobilized in late 1912 during the Balkan Wars. By the end of November 1912, the threat of conflict between Austria-Hungary, Italy, Serbia, and Russia, coupled with allegations of Serbian mistreatment of the Austro-Hungarian consul in Prisrena led to a war scare in the Balkans. Both Russia and Austria-Hungary began mobilizing troops along their border, while Austria-Hungary began to mobilize against Serbia. During the crisis, the entire Austro-Hungarian Navy was also fully mobilized. U-1 and her sister ship U-2 were both ordered to join the rest of the Austro-Hungarian fleet assembling in the Aegean Sea in the event of a war with Serbia and Russia.

By December 1912, the Austro-Hungarian Navy had, in addition to U-1 and U-2, a total of seven battleships, six cruisers, eight destroyers, 28 torpedo boats, and four submarines ready for combat. The crisis eventually subsided after the signing of the Treaty of London, and the Austro-Hungarian Army and Navy were subsequently demobilized on 28 May 1913. After demobilization, U-1 resumed her duties as a training vessel. While conducting one of these training cruises on 13 January 1914 near Fasana, she was rammed by the Austro-Hungarian armored cruiser . The damage caused by this collision destroyed the submarine's periscope.

World War I

The outbreak of World War I found U-1 in drydock awaiting the installation of new batteries and diesel engines. To accommodate the new engines, she underwent a refit which lasted until early 1915. This refit lengthened the submarine by about . The modifications and new engines lowered her surface displacement to  but increased the submarine's submerged displacement to . Upon completion of this refit in early 1915, U-1 returned to training duties through 4 October, and was thereafter stationed at Trieste on 2 November. The relocation of U-1 to Trieste was undertaken in part to dissuade Italian naval attacks or raids on the crucial Austro-Hungarian city, and her deployment to the city helped to dissuade Italian plans to bombard the port, as Italian military intelligence suggested both U-1 and U-2 were on regular patrol in the waters of the northern Adriatic. From Trieste, U-1 conducted regular reconnaissance cruises until 22 December 1917, when she was reassigned to the naval base at Pola. On 11 January 1918, U-1 was declared obsolete alongside her sister ship, but was retained as a training boat at the Austro-Hungarian submarine base located on Brioni Island. In mid-1918, U-1 was considered a potential candidate for service as a minesweeper, as the diving chamber present on the submarine could allow divers to sever the anchoring cables of sea mines. The poor condition of the submarine, however, prevented the plan from being implemented.

Near the end of the war, she was once more taken to Pola, though it had become clear by October 1918 that Austria-Hungary was facing defeat in the war. With various attempts to quell nationalist sentiments failing, Emperor Karl I decided to sever Austria-Hungary's alliance with Germany and appeal to the Allied Powers in an attempt to preserve the empire from complete collapse. On 26 October, Austria-Hungary informed Germany that their alliance was over. In Pola, the Austro-Hungarian Navy was in the process of tearing itself apart along ethnic and nationalist lines. On 29 October the National Council in Zagreb announced Croatia's dynastic ties to Hungary had come to a formal conclusion. This new provisional government, while throwing off Hungarian rule, had not yet declared independence from Austria-Hungary. Thus Emperor Karl I's government in Vienna asked the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs for help maintaining the fleet stationed at Pola and keeping order among the navy. The National Council refused to assist unless the Austro-Hungarian Navy was first placed under its command. Emperor Karl I, still attempting to save the Empire from collapse, agreed to the transfer, provided that the other "nations" which made up Austria-Hungary would be able to claim their fair share of the value of the fleet at a later time. All sailors not of Slovene, Croatian, Bosnian, or Serbian background were thus placed on leave for the time being, while the officers were given the choice of joining the new navy or retiring.

Through this transfer, the Austro-Hungarian government decided to hand over its fleet to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs without a shot being fired. This was considered preferential to handing the fleet to the Allies, as the new state had declared its neutrality. Furthermore, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs had also not yet publicly rejected Emperor Karl I, keeping alive the possibility of reforming the Empire into a triple monarchy. The transfer to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs took place on the morning of 31 October, with Rear Admiral (German: Konteradmiral) Miklós Horthy meeting representatives from the South Slav nationalities aboard his flagship, . The arrangements were settled and the handover was completed that afternoon with the Austro-Hungarian Naval Ensign being struck from all ships in the harbor.

Post-war
Under the terms of the Armistice of Villa Giusti, signed between Italy and Austria-Hungary on 3 November 1918, the transfer of Austria-Hungary's fleet to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was not recognized. Italian ships thus sailed into the ports of Trieste, Pola, and Fiume the following day. On 5 November, Italian troops occupied the naval installations at Pola. The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs lacked the men and officers to hold the fleet as most sailors who were not South Slavs had already gone home. Furthermore, the National Council did not order any men to resist the Italians, preferring to instead condemn Italy's actions as illegitimate. On 9 November, all remaining ships in Pola harbor had the Italian flag raised, including U-1. At a conference at Corfu, the Allied Powers agreed the transfer of Austria-Hungary's Navy to the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was invalid, despite sympathy from the United Kingdom. Faced with the prospect of being given an ultimatum to surrender the former Austro-Hungarian warships, the National Council agreed to hand over the ships beginning on 10 November 1918.

It would not be until 1920 that the final distribution of the ships was settled among the Allied powers under the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Both U-1 and U-2 were subsequently ceded to Italy as war reparations and scrapped at Pola that same year. Due to the training and reconnaissance missions she engaged in throughout the war, U-1 did not sink or damage any ships during her career.

Notes

Footnotes

Citations

References

Further reading

U-1-class submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1911
1909 ships
World War I submarines of Austria-Hungary
Ships built in Pola


Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery is an incident from the New Testament.

Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery or Woman Taken in Adultery may also refer to:

Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (Beckmann), a painting of 1917 by Max Beckmann
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (Bruegel), a painting of 1565 by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery, a fresco by Agostino Carracci, one of the Palazzo Sampieri frescoes
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (Preti), a 1650 painting by Mattia Preti
The Woman Taken in Adultery (Rembrandt), a painting of 1644 by Rembrandt
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (Rubens), a painting of c. 1614 by Peter Paul Rubens
 Christ and the Adulteress (Titian, Glasgow), a painting of c. 1510 by Titian
 Christ and the Adulteress (Titian, Vienna), a painting of c. 1520 by Titian
Woman Taken in Adultery, a painting of the 1590s by Paolo Veronese, part of the Duke of Buckingham series
The Woman Taken in Adultery, a 1987 play by Wilfred Watson


Fredrick Louis Detrick (April 21, 1889 in New Market, Maryland – June 3, 1931 in Baltimore, Maryland), was a U.S. Army physician, flight surgeon and pilot. He is the namesake of Fort Detrick, Maryland (formerly, Detrick Field and Camp Detrick). Detrick, who was a teaching surgeon on the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, served in France during the First World War and was a member of the Maryland National Guard when he died of a heart attack in 1931.

Biography
Although born in Frederick County, Maryland, where his family had lived for five generations, Detrick lived a portion of his childhood in Orange, Virginia, where his grandfather owned Montpelier, President James Madison’s former home. He graduated from the Rockefeller Institute and completed his medical internship at Bellevue Hospital, both in New York City. He was appointed a lieutenant in the Medical Reserve Corps, U.S. Army in April 1918.  His first brief assignment was to the installation hospital at Camp Wadsworth, South Carolina, followed by a tour of duty with the 28th Aero Squadron, 3rd Pursuit Group in France. He supported the major American offensives at the battles of Saint-Mihiel and of Meuse/Argonne. He was discharged at Camp Dix, New Jersey, in July 1919.

Detrick returned to Baltimore and opened a private practice on Linden Avenue, eventually earning a teaching position on the staff and faculty of Johns Hopkins University Hospital. He joined the Maryland National Guard in 1923 and was appointed a captain in the Medical Reserve Corps with an assignment to the Medical Department Detachment, 29th Division Aviation, which included the 104th Observation Squadron. (The 104th still exists as part of the Maryland Air National Guard.)

Detrick died at home on June 3, 1931, after a series of heart attacks. His unit, which each summer conducted annual training at Langley Field, Virginia, then had orders to conduct its next encampment at a new site: Frederick Airport at Frederick, Maryland. Squadron members had great affection for their flight surgeon. The 104th, in consultation with the Maryland National Guard Adjutant General, Major General Milton Reckord, resolved to name the airport “Detrick Field” in his memory. Reckord also issued orders posthumously promoting Captain Detrick to the rank of Major.

Notes

References
This article contains information that originally came from US Government publications and websites and is in the public domain.
Covert, Norman M. (1997), “A History of Fort Detrick, Maryland”, 3rd edition.

1889 births
1931 deaths
Johns Hopkins University faculty
United States Army Medical Corps officers
People from Frederick County, Maryland
Physicians from Baltimore
Military personnel from Maryland
20th-century American physicians
20th-century surgeons
American surgeons
United States Army personnel of World War I
Rockefeller University faculty


Staro Selo (Old Village) is a small village in the Vratsa Province of northwest Bulgaria. It is situated at the foot of the Balkan Mountains. Staro Selo is a part of Mezdra Municipality. It is also home to the town hall. Staro Selo is near the river Iskar, popular for its angling possibilities.

The number of inhabitants as of summer 2008 numbered less than 200 due to emigration and is still falling as young people move to nearby towns such as Mezdra, Vratsa or even further away. Many houses are no longer inhabited permanently, having either been abandoned or turned into summer cottages.

External links
www.vratza.co.uk for images of Vratza & Staro Selo.

Villages in Vratsa Province


The 416th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.   Its last assignment was with the 49th Fighter Wing at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico.  The squadron was inactivated on 1 July 1993.

The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 416th Night Fighter Squadron.  After training in the United States, the squadron deployed to England, where it was equipped with British aircraft and conducted advanced night fighter training with the Royal Air Force, which included its introduction to combat.  Three months later, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations.  It flew combat missions until V-E Day, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation.  It served as part of the occupation forces until 1946, when it inactivated and transferred its personnel and equipment to another unit.  The squadron was again activated as the 416th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, when it replaced an Air National Guard squadron that had been mobilized for the Korean War.  After converting to jet fighters, the squadron deployed to France, serving as part of NATO until inactivating in 1958.

The squadron was shortly reactivated in Japan, serving until June 1964, when, as the 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron, it returned to the United States.  It deployed to Southeast Asia twice before moving permanently to South Vietnam in 1965.  It flew combat missions there until 1970, with one flight serving as Fast FACs.  Before returning to the United States in 1970, it earned additional combat awards.  After serving as a training unit, it was inactivated in July 1971.  As the 416th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, it again trained fighter pilots from 1979 to 1983.

The squadron's most recent activation began in October 1989, when it replaced a classified unit flying stealth fighters.  It continued flying the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, including during Desert Storm until 1993, when it transferred its mission to another unit.

History

World War II
The squadron was first established in February 1943 as the 416th Night Fighter Squadron and assigned to the 481st Night Fighter Operational Training Group at Orlando Army Air Base, Florida for training.  The 416th was among the first Army Air Forces dedicated night fighter squadron formed.  Trained in the Douglas P-70 Havoc, a modified A-20 bomber using a U.S. version of the British Mk IV radar.  At the time the P-70 was the only American night fighter available.

After completing its initial training by April 1943, the squadron crossed the Atlantic on the  and landed in the United Kingdom on 11 May. Pausing briefly for training under VIII Fighter Command the Squadron was attached to the Royal Air Force (RAF) for familiarization in theater night fighter techniques.  There, it was equipped with RAF Bristol Beaufighters through a Reverse Lend-Lease program until an American aircraft could be produced. Upon arrival in England the squadron received additional training with Royal Air Force night fighter units at several bases in early 1943 achieving the first victory on 24 July. Through the summer, they conducted daytime convoy escort and strike missions, but thereafter flew primarily at night.

The unit then moved to North Africa for operations with Twelfth Air Force. There, the squadron fell under the operational control of the Northwest African Coastal Air Force, a Combined allied organization with British, Free French, and other American units. It carried out defensive night patrols over Allied held territory during the North African campaign, and also conducted night interdiction raids on German positions in Algeria and Tunisia.

The defeat of German, Italian, and Vichy French forces in North Africa allowed the 416th to move with other allied forces into Italy in September 1943. During its first year there, the squadron patrolled harbors and escorted shipping; however, in September 1944 the 416th shifted to more aggressive activities to provide defensive cover for the American Fifth Army and make intruder sweeps into enemy territory. It also continued defensive patrols and offensive night attacks on Axis positions on Sardinia, Corsica, and in Southern France.

With the fall of Germany, the unit became part of the United States Air Forces in Europe army of occupation.  It moved in August 1945 to AAF Station Hörsching, Austria, for occupation duties. A year later, the 416th relocated to AAF Station Schweinfurt, Germany, where it inactivated on 9 November 1946, when it was inactivated and its personnel, equipment and aircraft transferred to the 2d Fighter Squadron.

Cold War
The squadron was reactivated on 1 January 1953 at George Air Force Base, California as a fighter bomber squadron.  The squadron replaced the 186th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, an Air National Guard unit which had been called to active duty for the Korean War and was being returned to state control.  Initially equipped with North American F-51D Mustang aircraft, the 416th quickly converted to North American F-86 Sabre jet aircraft and started participating in air defense operations, exercises, and firepower demonstrations. Then in September 1953, the 416th received Arctic indoctrination at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska. Next, the squadron joined its parent unit, the 21st Fighter-Bomber Group, in Operation Boxkite at North Field, South Carolina from 17 April to 15 May 1954.

The 416th moved to France in November–December 1954. For this move, the ground echelon left George on 26 November and arrived at Toul-Rosieres Air Base on 12 December. The flight echelon left George on 13 December and traveled to France by the northern air route. Bad weather, however, delayed the movement, and the flight element did not reach Toul until 22 February 1955. From then until December 1957, the squadron participated in NATO tactical operations and exercises, stood air defense alert, and periodically deployed aircraft and crews to Wheelus Air Base, Libya, for fighter weapons training. The unit was not operational from 10 January until inactivating on 8 February 1958.

On 25 March 1958, the 416th activated under Fifth Air Force at Misawa Air Base, Japan, where it started converting from Republic F-84G Thunderjets to North American F-100 Super Sabres. Later in July, the squadron joined the 21st Fighter-Bomber Wing; however, the USAF directed the 416th to transfer its F-100s to another unit. This order temporarily interrupted its conversion and forced the 416th to fly F-84Gs until May 1959, when a full complement of F-100s arrived. During this period in the Far East, the units crews flew tactical operations and exercises in South Korea, Taiwan, Okinawa, Singapore, the Philippines, and other places in the Far East.

Vietnam War
In June 1964, the 416th moved to England Air Force Base, Louisiana, where it joined the 3d Tactical Fighter Wing. From 17 October through 7 December 1964, the squadron deployed a flight to Takhli Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand, where it operated under various higher headquarters. This deployment, however, was just a precursor to even greater involvement in Southeast Asia (SEA) as the entire squadron deployed there in March 1965. It operated in turn from Clark Air Base, Philippines, Da Nang Air Base, South Vietnam, Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, and again at Clark until July 1965, when it returned to England AFB. While in SEA, the unit flew 1,711 combat sorties between 19 March and 14 July to fly flak suppression, weather reconnaissance, MiG combat air patrol, and air strike missions.

The 416th deployed with the 3d Wing to SEA in November 1965 to Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam. There, the 6250th Combat Support Group controlled the squadron's operations until June 1966, when it rejoined the 3d at Bien Hoa. The 416th remained at Bien Hoa until its April 1967 reassignment to the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing. In May, the squadron moved to Phù Cát Air Base without a break in combat missions.

Forward air control assignments
On 15 June 1967, Detachment 1 of the squadron became the nucleus of Operation Commando Sabre, a special activity using F-100F two-seat trainers to fly fast Forward Air Control (FAC) operations using the call sign Misty. From the 16th to the 28th, they learned aerial refueling techniques. The unit's participation in Commando Sabre continued after the detachment moved to Tuy Hoa Air Base and the came under the operational control of the 31st Tactical Fighter Wing.

As the U.S. Air Force's original "Fast FAC" effort, they were pioneers. The original 16 Mistys were flight leader qualified with over 100 combat missions to their credit; four of them were already trained as FACs. After this quartet trained the other dozen, planes from this detachment would fly missions into North Vietnam's Route Package 1 or against the defenses of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Operation Steel Tiger. The Misty pilots committed to serving for either 120 days or 75 FAC sorties, whichever came first. Their standard operating profile of 450 Knots indicated air speed at 4,500 feet altitude above ground level allowed their survival where slow FACs dared not venture.

The Mistys having proved their worth, an attempt to expand the detachment began in August 1967. Only one additional F-100F was located to transfer to the unit. Nevertheless, by April 1968, Misty FACs had flown 565 FAC sorties against the Mu Gia Pass and the Ban Karai Pass and directed 850 air strikes against this northern end of the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The 1 April 1968 cessation of bombing north of the 20th Parallel intensified operations in Route Package 1 and increased the Misty FAC workload.

On 1 June 1968, the Mistys began the loan of their services to the U.S. Navy for Operation Sea Dragon. On 11 June 1968, the Mistys began the first night Fast FAC missions of the war. On the nights of 13 and 14 June, they tested a Starlight Scope for FAC operations. The preliminary results seemed promising, so the Mistys began flying missions with the Scope in the rear seat with the observer on 8 July. As it turned out, the Scope was too bulky for easy use, and did not work in moonless periods. A Misty was lost in action on 16 August 1968, and another the following night. The night FAC mission not having observed anything more than an ordinary fighter pilot, it was cancelled after this second loss.

On 12 August 1968, the Misty FACs began training two aircraft commanders from the 366th Fighter Wing as FACs. On 2 September 1968, the first "Stormy" FACs began controlling in Route Package 1. With 1 November 1968 halt of bombing North Vietnamese targets, the Mistys ceased operations in Route Package 1 and shifted their FAC mission towards the Ho Chi Minh Trail. By that time, the Misty FACs had flown 1,441 combat sorties, directed 3,988 air strikes, and lost nine airplanes.

From 1 November 1968 until June 1969, the Mistys flew 1,530 combat sorties and directed 2,321 air strikes against the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Plagued by shortages of aircraft, the Mistys stood down on 14 May 1970. By that time, about a quarter of the 93 Misty FAC pilots had been shot down, though most had been rescued. The Fast FAC concept having been proven, other Fast FAC units had taken up the fight.

In the meantime, the 416th still flew regular combat missions, logging its 30,000th Southeast Asia combat sortie on 20 April 1970. Most of those missions involved close air support or direct air support. The unit stood down from combat operations on 5 September 1970, and its resources were transferred to other units.

Tactical Air Command
On 28 September 1970, the squadron returned without personnel to England Air Force Base, Louisiana.  Anticipating the 416th's reassignment, the 4403d Tactical Fighter Wing at England had begun forming a new squadron cadre in August 1970.  This cadre started training its pilots to instructor status and was immediately available when the Air Force transferred the 416th. After receiving more equipment and people, the 416th achieved combat ready status and began normal participation in exercises and other tactical operations.

Inactivation appeared imminent again as the Air Force phased the last F-100s out of its inventory. By December 1971, the 416th was the only active flying squadron in the 4403d Wing. On 1 April 1972, its operational training commitment ended, and as a result the Air Force transferred its personnel to other units and its aircraft to the Air National Guard. From May 1972 until its 1 July inactivation, the 416th served as a holding unit for a new LTV A-7D Corsair II squadron that would replace it.

Redesignated the 416th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, the unit activated again on 15 March 1979 under the 479th Tactical Training Wing at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. At Holloman, the squadron used Northrop AT-38 Talon aircraft to provide transitional training to new pilots preparing for assignment to operational fighter wings. The 416th inactivated on 1 September 1983 as the 433d Tactical Fighter Training Squadron assumed its mission.

Stealth Operations

Development Background

"P-Unit" was established by Tactical Air Command at Groom Lake, Nevada as a classified unit on 15 October 1979.  It received LTV A-7D Corsair II fighters from the 23d Tactical Fighter Wing at England Air Force Base, Louisiana to use as training aircraft for the Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter, then under development.  The unit performed training for pilots to transition to the single-seat, subsonic F-117.  Was given designation of 4451st Test Squadron on 11 July 1981, and assigned to the 4450th Test Group (later 4450th Tactical Group) which was formed to bring the F-117 from development to operational status.

The squadron moved to Tonopah Test Range Airport on 28 October 1983, performing training missions with the F-117A in a clandestine environment. It performed the dual mission of training F-117 pilots with the A-7Ds as well as providing a cover story for the classified Stealth Fighter project.  All Tonopah training flights were conducted at night under the cover of darkness until late 1988.   On 10 November 1988, the Air Force brought the F-117A from secrecy by publicly acknowledging its existence, but provided few details about it.  The official confirmation of the F-117A's existence, however, had little impact on Tonopah operations. Pilots began occasionally flying the F-117A during the day, but personnel were still ferried to and from work each Monday and Friday from Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. Everyone associated with the project was still forbidden to talk about what they did for a living, and the program remained shrouded in secrecy.

The squadron operated at Tonopah with A-7Ds until late 1989 when F-117 project was revealed to the public. It retired its Corsairs, being the last active duty USAF squadron to operate the A-7, and transitioned to the Northrop T-38 Talon.

Stealth Operations

The 4451st Squadron was inactivated and replaced by the 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 5 October 1989 when the 4450th Tactical Group was inactivated, and F-117A operations came under the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing. It assumed the mission of the 4451st Test Squadron became one of two operational F-117A Stealth Fighter squadrons.

On 19 December 1989, just 13 months after the Pentagon had disclosed the existence of the F-117A, squadron aircraft were first used in combat during Operation Just Cause.   In mid-December 1990, it deployed to King Khalid International Airport, Saudi Arabia as part of the buildup of United States forces prior to Operation Desert Storm.  It flew combat operations over Iraq against high-priority targets in January and February 1991.  After combat operations ceased in February 1991, some personnel and aircraft remained on indefinite alert in Saudi Arabia as a component member of the post-Desert Storm task force in Southwest Asia, although most returned to Tonopah by the end of March.

After Desert Storm, the Air Force redesignated the squadron as the 416th Fighter Squadron on 1 October 1991. The following month, under the Objective Wing reorganization, the squadron realigned from the wing to the 37th Operations Group on 1 November 1991. In 1992, as part of the post Cold War budget cutbacks in the Air Force, the F-117As moved to Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico.  The 37th Fighter Wing and its subordinate squadrons were inactivated in July 1993.  The aircraft, equipment, personnel and mission of the squadron were transferred to the 8th Fighter Squadron, which was simultaneously activated.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 416th Night Fighter Squadron on 17 February 1943
 Activated on 20 February 1943
 Inactivated on 9 November 1946
 Redesignated 416th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 15 November 1952
 Activated on 1 January 1953
 Inactivated on 8 February 1958
 Activated on 25 March 1958
 Redesignated 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 1 July 1958
 Inactivated on: 16 June 1964
 Activated 15 April 1967
 Discontinued 1 July 1972
 Redesignated 416th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron on 8 March 1979
 Activated on 15 March 1979
 Inactivated 1 September 1983
 Redesignated 416th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 15 September 1989
 Activated on 5 October 1989
 Redesignated 416th Fighter Squadron on 1 November 1991
 Inactivated on 1 July 1993

Assignments

 Air Defense Department, Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics, 20 February 1943
 VIII Fighter Command (attached to the Royal Air Force), 11 May 1943
 Twelfth Air Force, 8 August 1943 (attached to Northwest African Coastal Air Force, 8 August 1943; Tunis Fighter Sector, 9 August 1943; Bone Fighter Sector, 17 August – 15 September 1943; 286 Wing, RAF, 28 September 1943
 62d Fighter Wing, 28 January 1944 (Detachments attached to 6505th Fighter Control Area (Provisional), 27 June – 4 September 1944; 63d Fighter Wing, 14–23 August 1944; 6504th Fighter Control Area (Provisional), 1–13 September 1944; 6502d Fighter Control Area (Provisional), 1–14 September 1944; 425th Night Fighter Squadron, 4 January – 20 February 1945)
 XXII Tactical Air Command, 1 April 1945
 70th Fighter Wing, 17 August 1945
 64th Fighter Wing, 15 August – 9 November 1946 (attached to All-Weather Fighter Group (Provisional), 64th Fighter Wing)
 21st Fighter-Bomber Group, 1 January 1953 – 8 February 1958
 Fifth Air Force, 25 March 1958
 21st Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1958
 39th Air Division, 18 June 1960
 3d Tactical Fighter Wing, 16 June 1964
 834th Air Division, 1 November 1965
 6250th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 November 1965
 3d Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 June 1966
 37th Tactical Fighter Wing, 15 April 1967 – 27 May 1969
 31st Tactical Fighter Wing, 28 May 1969 – 26 September 1970 (nonoperational after 5 September 1970)
 49th Tactical Fighter Wing, 17 March 1979 – 1 September 1983
 37th Tactical Fighter Wing, 5 October 1989 – 1 November 1991
 37th Operations Group, 1 November 1991 – 1 July 1993

Stations

 Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, 20 February – 26 April 1943
 RAF Honiley, England, 13 May 1943 (detachments at RAF Cranfield, England; RAF Usworth, England; and Bath, (AAF-380) England, 13 May – 10 June 1943; and Bristol (AAF-473), England, 14 May – 4 June 1943)
 RAF Acklington, England, 11 June – 4 August 1943
 Maison Blanche Airport, Algeria, 8 August 1943
 Bone Airfield, Algeria, 17 August 1943
 Bizerte Airfield, Tunisia, 15 September 1943
 Catania Airport, Sicily, Italy, 21 September 1943
 Lecce Airfield, Italy, 27 September 1943
 Grottaglie Airfield, Italy, 30 September 1943 (detachment at Rerhaia Airfield, Algeria, 27 December 1943 – 25 January 1944
 Pomigliano Airfield, Italy, c. 28 January 1944 (detachments at Tre Cancello Landing Strip, Italy, 14 June – 8 July 1944; Tarquinia Airfield, Italy, 8 July – 4 September 1944; Alghero Airfield, Sardinia, Italy, 14–22 August 1944; Borgo Airfield, Corsica, France, 14–23 August 1944
 Rosignano Airfield, Italy, c. 1 September 1944 (detachment at Pomigliano Airfield, Italy, 1–9 September 1944)
 Pisa Airdrome, Italy, 1 October 1944 (detachment at Verdun-Étain Airfield (A-82) (AAF-393), France, 4 January – 20 February 1945)
 Pontedera Airfield, Italy, 27 March 1945
 AAF Station Hörsching, Austria (R-87), 13 August 1945
 AAF Station Schweinfurt, Germany (R-25), 20 August – 9 November 1946
 George Air Force Base, California, 1 January 1953
 Toul-Rosières Air Base, France, 12 December 1953
 Chambley-Bussieres Air Base, France, 14 June 1955 – 8 February 1958
 Misawa Air Base, Japan, 25 March 1958 – 16 June 1964
 England Air Force Base, Louisiana, 16 June 1964 (deployed to Da Nang Air Base, South Vietnam, 31 March – 15 June 1965; Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, 15 June – 15 July 1965)
 Tan Son Nhut Airport, South Vietnam, 16 November 1965
 Bien Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, 1 June 1966
 Phu Cat Air Base, South Vietnam, 29 May 1967
 Tuy Hoa Air Base, South Vietnam, 27 May 1969
 England Air Force Base, Louisiana, 15 September 1970 – 1 July 1972
 Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 15 March 1979 – 1 September 1983
 Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada, 3 October 1989 – 9 May 1992 (operated from King Khalid International Airport, Saudi Arabia, 19 August 1990 – 1 April 1991)
 Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, 9 May 1992 – 1 July 1993

Aircraft

 Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1943
 Douglas P-70 Havoc, 1943
 Bristol Beaufighter, 1943–1944
 de Havilland Mosquito, 1944–1945
 North American A-36 Apache, 1945
 Northrop P-61 Black Widow, 1945–1946
 Douglas A-26 Invader, 1946
 North American F-51 Mustang, 1953
 North America F-86 Sabre, 1953–1958
 Republic F-84 Thunderjet, 1958–1959
 North American F-100 Super Sabre, 1959–1964, 1967–1969
 Northrop AT-38 Talon, 1970-1983, 1989-1990
 Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, 1990–1993

See also

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations in New Mexico


Uncial 0163 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 5th century.

Description

The codex contains a small part of the Book of Revelation 16:17-20, on one parchment leaf (12 cm by 8.5 cm). It is written in one column per page, 17 lines per page, in small uncial letters.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category III. The surviving fragment of text concurs with Codex Alexandrinus.

History
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 5th century.

The manuscript was found in Al-Bashnasa.

Text of the manuscript was published in 1908 by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt.

The codex currently is housed at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute (9351) (P. Oxy 848) in Chicago.

See also

 List of New Testament uncials
 Oxyrhynchus Papyri
 Textual criticism
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 847
 Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 849

References

Further reading

 B. P. Grenfell & A. S. Hunt, Oxyrhynchus Papyri VI, Egypt Exploration Fund (London 1908), p. 6.

External links
 Uncial 0163 at the Goodspeed Manuscript Collection

Greek New Testament uncials
5th-century biblical manuscripts
848


The Trilobites were an Australian power pop/rock band formed in Sydney in June 1984. The original members of the Trilobites were Mike Dalton on vocals, Scott Leighton on bass guitar, Martin Martini & Paul Skates on guitars and Paul Styman on drums. Their first two singles, "Venus in Leather"' and "American TV" reached number 1 on the alternative chart. They released three albums, Turn it Around in 1987, Savage Mood Swing in 1990 and The Lost Generation in 1992.

History
Vocalist Mike Dalton and drummer Paul Styman played together in a high school band, The Pyschotics, in the late 1970s. Bass guitarist Scott Leighton celebrated his 21st birthday in 1984 by showcasing his new band, The United Underworld. Included in The United Underworld were Martin Martini on rhythm guitar, Paul Skates on lead guitar and Paul Styman on drums and Steven Stradbrook on Vocals. Shortly after this performance Dalton was asked to join as vocalist. All members had attended the same high school together, Sydney Technical High School, albeit in different grades. They soon changed their name to The Trilobites and began gigging in Sydney's plethora of suburban and inner city pubs and clubs. They debuted on 20 June 1984, at the Vulcan Hotel in Ultimo (incidentally same as the debut of The Hard Ons). Their first release was a live cassette only album, 'Let's Pump' self-released on Atomic Records. Later, The Citadel label issued the band's first two singles : "Venus in Leather" (1985) and "American T.V." (1986). Both singles reached No. 1 on the alternative charts, and the band toured to a strong response . Both songs appeared on the Citadel's compilation album Take Everything, Leave Nothing (March 1988). In the meantime, the Trilobites had signed a new deal with the Big Time label which resulted in the single, "Night of the Many Deaths" (May 1987).

On 24 October 1987 The Trilobites decided to record their show at The Caringbah Inn and turn it into a live LP, Turn It Around.  It was released on the Waterfront label and only as a vinyl release. Waterfront also put out the Trilobites fourth single, "Jenny's Wake" (June 1988). In 1988 the Trilobites came to the attention of the fledgling rooArt label. The band contributed "All Hail the New Right" to rooArt inaugural Youngblood compilation album. That led to a full recording contract which resulted in the release of their EP, I Can't Wait for the Summer to End which gained strong success on the American college radio circuit. During March 1989, The Trilobites' debut studio album, Savage Mood Swing was produced by Englishman, Steve James (Toyah, The Lambrettas, John Otway) and released in March 1990. Between recording the album and its release, the Trilobites also undertook a successful European tour (late 1989).  The album was also released in the United States on the Polygram label, with a promised tour of the States. In 1991, following rooART's last minute decision to pull the band's U.S. tour, Dalton left the band to take employment at MTV Australia. and was replaced by Gary Slater (Voodoo Lust).  Paul Styman left at this point to be replaced by Glenn Abbott.

This version of the band then released a single, "Tears You Apart/Don't Hide", and a six track mini-LP on vinyl.  These songs formed the basis of their second album, The Lost Generation, which was produced by Rob Younger (Radio Birdman, New Christs). It was released in February 1992 by Citadel and became the band's final release. The original line-up re-formed for a series of Sydney shows in 1996.

 Gary Slater returned to Brisbane and performed in bands including The Pot Monsters and Grumpy, later rejoining Voodoo Lust.
 Glenn Abbott joined Machine Gun Fellatio and had another band The Bryan Ferrysexual Experience which broke up shortly after MGF did. He later formed Super Massive with singer-writer Malina Hamilton-Smith. Super Massive have released an EP and several singles and toured to Vietnam twice. Abbott is still actively gigging with many different artists and has produced a track for the original Wiggles and Soul Movers in 2020 .
 Martin Martini joined Spurs For Jesus & The Upsets
 Michael Dalton has been a producer and reporter at Channel 9 since 1993 and has worked on numerous shows including the NRL 'Footy Show', 'Good Morning Australia' and 'A Current Affair'

Members
 Glenn Abbott – drums (1991–1992)
 Mike Dalton – vocals (1984–1991)
 Scot Leighton – bass guitar (1984–1992)
 Martin Martini – rhythm guitar (1984–1992)
 Paul Skates – lead guitar (1984–1992)
 Gary Slater – vocals (1991–1992)
 Paul Styman – drums (1984–1989)

Discography

Cassette
 Let's Pump – Atomic Records (Self Released) (December 1984)

Albums/EPs
 Turn it Around – Waterfront (December 1987)
 I Can't Wait for Summer to End (EP) – rooArt (March 1989)
 American TV (EP) – Citadel/Normal (1989)
 Savage Mood Swing – rooArt (March 1990)
 The Lost Generation  – Citadel (February 1992)

Singles
 "Venus in Leather"/"Amphetamine Dream" –  Citadel (October 1985)
 "American TV"/"Legacy of Morons" – Citadel (August 1986)
 "Night of the Many Deaths"/"Living by a Different Yardstick" – Big Time Records (May 1987)
 "Jenny's Wake"/"I Can See" – Waterfront (June 1988)
 "All Hail The New Right" split EP with Tall Tales and True – rooArt (1988)
 "Fuck = Love"/"Little Death"/"Legacy of Morons – Remix" 12" vinyl – rooArt (September 1989)
 "New Head"/"Savage Mood Swing" – rooART (November 1989)
 "Minibar of Oblivion"/"Attack of the Yes Man" 7" & 12" vinyl – rooART (February 1990)
 "Don't Hide"/"Tear You Apart" – Citadel (October 1991)

References

Musical groups disestablished in 1992
Musical groups established in 1984
New South Wales musical groups