The Journal of Indigenous Studies (French: La Revue des Études Indigènes) was a multilingual, biannual, peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in 1989 and was sponsored by the Gabriel Dumont Institute, a Métis-directed educational and cultural entity in Saskatoon (Saskatchewan, Canada), affiliated with the University of Regina. The journal's scope was interdisciplinary and cross-cultural, with a focus on indigenous people, from the perspectives of a variety of academic fields, including archaeology, education, law, linguistics, philosophy, and sociology. The journal was one of several Native American newspapers and periodicals under the auspices of the Aboriginal Multimedia Society of Alberta.

While all six volumes were written in English and French, three of them (Nos. 3, 5, and 6) were also in Cree. The last volume was published in 1997.

History
Dana F. Lawrence was the founding editor-in-chief.

1989
The first issue, Winter (January) 1989, written in English and French, circulated in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Topics included native self-government, indigenous values in a colonial education system, Indian/Métis language programs with French immersion, and death/reburial. There were also two book reviews within this issue. The second issue, Summer (July) 1989, featured articles on Aboriginal languages, Michif language, and First Nations women. There were also three book reviews within this issue.

1990s
There were no issues printed in 1990 during a personnel turnover while Lawrence moved on to the University of British Columbia. Catherine Littlejohn, free-lance historian, researcher, author and consultant, was introduced as the new editor for the third issue, published in Winter (January) 1991. As with her predecessor, Littlejohn urged for international participation. Besides English and French, it was also written in Cree. There were articles on archaeology, health, and spirituality, as well as two book reviews.

Summer (July) 1991, the fourth issue, saw several major changes: the associated editors of previous issues were replaced by a review board entirely made up of participants from Canadian institutions, article abstracts were written in Cree syllabics, APA format was no longer required for articles written in a discipline that used another style, and citations for traditional knowledge had to be validated by the indigenous community. The issue contained articles on education, law, policy, and residential schools, as well as two book reviews within this issue. McNinch wrote the opening editorial of the Winter (January) 1992 issue, as Littlejohn had left the journal. Circulation expanded to New Zealand and included the topics of Māori language, Māori music, and a literary biography on Native American poet Paula Gunn Allen. There was one book review within this issue.

The sixth and final issue did not appear until Winter (January) 1997, and with it, another editor, Karla Jessen Williamson. The previous long list of editorial board members or assistant editors was gone, replaced by a list of manuscript evaluators. The topics of this issue included education, employment/training, native/newcomer relations. Indigenous Australians and North American Inuit were the subject populations. There were three book reviews within this issue.

Publishing
The front cover was designed by Sherry Farrell Racette and, while the colours of the front cover changed for the different issues, the design never changed. Earlier issues of the journal were typeset by ABCOM Publishers and the last one was typeset by The Little Print Shop (Saskatoon). All but the last issue were printed and distributed by University of Toronto Press. The journal did not accept paid advertising.

Scholarly references
The short-lived journal and individual articles were subsequently cited by other scholars. For example, White's "Forced Sterilization amongst American Indian Women" (1989) was quoted by Davies & Clow (2009), American Indian sovereignty and law, and Douglas' "Māori Language Nests" (1992) was mentioned in Abley (2005), Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages. At least one article was reprinted as a chapter in a later book: Watson's, "The affirmation of indigenous values in a colonial education system" in Stone & MacKenzie (1990), The Excluded past: Archaeology in education. Likewise, a chapter previously published elsewhere (for example, Hubert's, "A proper place for the dead: a critical review of the 'reburial' issue", chapter ten, in Layton (1994), Conflict in the archaeology of living traditions), was reprinted in the journal.

See also
American Indian Quarterly
Indigenous Law Centre
Journal of Aboriginal Health
Oceania
Native American studies
Center for World Indigenous Studies
Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas

References

External links
 Back issues

Academic journals established in 1989
Publications disestablished in 1997
Biannual journals
Cree language
Cultural journals
Defunct journals
Anthropology journals
Multilingual journals
Academic journals published by independent research institutes
1989 establishments in Saskatchewan
1997 disestablishments in Saskatchewan
University of Regina


La Historia Continúa... Parte III (Eng.: The History Continues... Vol. 3) is a compilation album released by Marco Antonio Solís on February 27, 2007. This album became his seventh number-one set on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. The album was released in a standard CD presentation and in a CD/DVD combo including the music videos for the singles "Sin Lado Izquierdo", "Mi Mayor Necesidad", "Tu Amor o Tu Desprecio" and "Casas de Cartón".

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Marco Antonio Solís except for Casas de Carton

DVD

Chart performance

Year-End Charts

Sales and certifications

References

2007 greatest hits albums
2007 video albums
Music video compilation albums
Marco Antonio Solís video albums
Marco Antonio Solís compilation albums
Fonovisa Records compilation albums


The Messerschmitt M 24, otherwise known as the BFW M.24, was an airliner developed in Germany in the late 1920s as a further development in the series of designs produced by Messerschmitt, based on the M 18. Like the M 18 and its follow-on, the M 20, it was a high-wing cantilever monoplane with a fully enclosed cabin and fixed tailwheel undercarriage. It was slightly smaller than the M 20, seating only eight passengers instead of the ten that could be carried by the previous aircraft.

Two prototypes were initially built with BMW and Junkers inline engines, followed by two more with BMW-built Pratt & Whitney radials. However, Messerschmitt proved unable to sell the design, possibly due at least in part to the enmity of Deutsche Luft Hansa director Erhard Milch towards Messerschmitt.

The first M 24a (Junkers-engined, registered D-1767) was used commercially from 1930 by Nordbayerische Verkersflug on the Dresden-Chemnitz-Plauen-Nuremberg route, until it was lost in 1934.

Variants
M 24a - prototypes with BMW Va and Junkers L5G engines (two built)
M 24b - prototypes with BMW-built Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines (two built)

Specifications (M 24b)

Notes

References

1920s German airliners
M 24


William Mentor Graham (1800–1886) was an American teacher best known for tutoring Abraham Lincoln and giving him his higher education during the future President's time in New Salem, Illinois.
Graham was born near Greensburg, Kentucky. He died in 1886 in Blunt, South Dakota.

References

External links

 Lincoln Lore
 Mentor Graham house

1800 births
1886 deaths
People from Green County, Kentucky
19th-century American educators
Abraham Lincoln
Educators from Kentucky


The swIPe IP Security Protocol (swIPe) is an experimental Internet Protocol (IP) security protocol that was specified in 1993. It operates at the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite.

Purpose
swIPe provides confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of network traffic, and can be used to provide both end-to-end and intermediate-hop security.  swIPe is concerned only with security mechanisms. The protocol does not handle policy and key management, which are handled outside the protocol.  It works by augmenting each packet with a cryptographically strong authenticator and/or encrypting the data to be sent.

Protocol description
swIPe encapsulates each IP datagram to be secured inside a swIPe packet.  A swIPe packet is an IP packet of protocol type 53.   A swIPe packet starts with a header, which contains identifying data and authentication information; the header is followed by the original IP datagram, which in turn is followed by any padding required by the security processing.  Depending on the negotiated policy, the sensitive part of the swIPe packet (the authentication information and the original IP datagram) may be encrypted.

Cisco routers and switches running IOS have been found vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks which may result from processing packets with IP Protocol 53.

References

Internet layer protocols
Network architecture


Léonard Victor Joseph Charner (13 February 1797 – 7 February 1869) was an Admiral of the French Navy. As a commander of French naval forces in Asia from May 1860 to September 1861, including the Second Opium War and the Cochinchina campaign, he was a significant participant in the establishment of French Indochina.

Early career (1797–1837)

Léonard Victor Joseph Charner was born on 13 February 1797 in Saint-Brieuc, Brittany. He became a cadet at the École de Marine in Toulon in February 1812, was appointed a midshipman in 1815 and served in several ships. He was promoted to enseigne de vaisseau (ensign) in 1820 and lieutenant de vaisseau (ship-of-the-line lieutenant) in 1828. He participated in the Invasion of Algiers in 1830. He recorded his observations in a memoir on the duration of naval manoeuvres. In 1832 Charner received the cross of the Legion of Honour for the capture of Ancona.

Captain (1837–48)

Charner became a capitaine de corvette (lieutenant commander) in 1837. As second in command of the Belle Poule he accompanied François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville to Saint Helena to bring back the remains of Napoleon to France in 1840 (the Retour des cendres). He was appointed capitaine de vaisseau (ship-of-the-line captain) in April 1841, and served in various naval commands during the remainder of the July Monarchy. In 1843 Charner was part of the fleet sent to the Pacific Ocean by the French Foreign Minister François Guizot under Admiral Jean-Baptiste Cécille with the diplomat Marie Melchior Joseph Théodore de Lagrené. The move responded to the successes of the British in China in 1842, and France hoped to counterbalance these successes by accessing China from the south.

French Second Republic (1848–51)

During the French Second Republic on 13 May 1849 Charner was elected representative of Côtes-du-Nord in the Legislative Assembly. He sat with the right and supported the policy of President Louis Napoleon. He was a member of the Naval Investigation Commission and was often involved in discussions on technical matters. He was also a member of the Côtes-du-Nord General Council.

Second French Empire (1852–69)

After the coup d'état of 2 December 1851 Charner was appointed Chief of Staff of the Minister of the Navy. He was promoted to rear admiral on 3 February 1852, and made second in command of the Pacific Ocean Squadron in August 1853. During the Crimean War on 17 October 1854 his battleship, the Napoléon, battled for five hours with . It fired 3,000 shots and received 100 balls. On 7 June 1855 he was promoted to vice-amiral. He chaired the Naval Works Committee.

In May 1860 Charner took command of the naval fores in the China seas and supported the expeditionary force during the Second Opium War. After directing the disembarkation of the troops at Peïo he directed his gunboats to attack the forts that defended the entrance to the river. He was then appointed commander in chief of the land and sea forces in Cochinchina.

As soon as the war ended, Charner left for Vietnam in January 1861 with his naval squadron and a force of 3,000 troops to support French troops under Captain Joseph Hyacinthe Louis Jules d'Ariès encircled in Saigon. On February 11, 1861, he relieved the Siege of Saigon, thereby continuing the endeavour of Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly, and permitting the establishment of the first French territories in Vietnam. The French Navy Minister Chasseloup-Laubat wrote to Charner: "We wish to draw commerce to Saigon (...) What we want is a sort of suzerainty or sovereignty with free trade accessible to all". After three weeks of combat, ending with the Battle of Kỳ Hòa, Charner managed to relieve the Saigon garrison. These efforts allowed the French to capture three provinces of Cochinchina.

Charner was replaced by Admiral Bonard in November 1861, who managed to obtain the recognition of the French conquests by Emperor Tự Đức in 1862, with the June 1862 Treaty of Saigon.

Later career

Charner returned to France in September 1861, and on 22 January 1862 was made a senator. Until his death he sat with the supporters of the imperial regime. He was promoted to admiral by decree of 15 November 1864. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour on 10 February 1861. Charner died on 7 February 1869 in Paris. Several French Navy ships have been named after him, such as the French cruiser  or the Bougainville-class colonial sloop ("aviso colonial") Amiral Charner (1933) which fought at the Battle of Koh Chang in the 1941 Franco-Thai War.

References

Sources

1797 births
1869 deaths
People from Saint-Brieuc
Admirals of France
People of the Cochinchina campaign
19th-century French military personnel
Governors of Cochinchina


The Vincent Comet was designed and built at the Vincent works in Great North Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England. It was one of four 499 cc single models. As well as the sports Comet, Vincent produced a TT racing model, the Comet Special (a TT model with lights) and the standard Vincent Meteor which shared many of the same cycle parts.

An unusual feature of the valve design for these motors was the double valve guides, and the attachment of the forked rocker arm to a shoulder between the guides, to eliminate side forces on the valve stem and ensure maximum valve life under racing conditions.

The prototype series A was refined and developed into a production model B but after World War II it was the development of the series C that represents the ultimate Vincent 500 cc single.  A series D was actually designed and one was built at the factory.  Others had to be subsequently made up from spare parts as Vincent production ceased in 1955.

Specifications
The 499 cc single-cylinder, high-camshaft OHV, air-cooled Vincent engine had a light alloy barrel and cylinder head with a cast-iron liner, and a 'backbone' type combined frame and oil tank. The engine acting as a stressed member of the frame, and most other components in common with the post-war twin-cylinder models. Unlike the twins, it had a Burman BAP four-speed gearbox held by a vertical piece of cast aluminium, which mated with the backbone frame that it shared with the twin models.
At the time and to this day some members of the motorcycling fraternity quipped that it was really only 'half of' the desirable Rapide twin-cylinder model, although in fact the specification had more in common with the higher performance Black Shadow twin-cylinder model, sharing compression ratio (7.3:1) and the larger carburettor. Unlike the Black Shadow however, it did not have polished internals nor was it selectively assembled.   All Comet models had Vincent's "Girdraulic" forks and sprung cantilever rear suspension with hydraulic damping at a time when most manufacturers continued to produce rigid frames.

See also
 Vincent Motorcycles
 Vincent Grey Flash
List of motorcycles of the 1940s
List of motorcycles of the 1950s

References

External links
 Vincent Comet Pages
Vincent Comet restoration
 Building a 'D' Comet

Comet
Motorcycles introduced in the 1930s


The Rosencrans Cabin is part of a small historic district comprising five log buildings on three acres in Bridger-Teton National Forest, just east of Grand Teton National Park. The cabin was used by Rudolph "Rosie" Rosencrans, who played a role in the development of Teton National Forest and who later became a U.S. Forest Service administrator in the early 20th century. Rosencrans was buried at this location.

Rudolf "Rosie" Rosencrans was a native of Austria, graduating from the University of Vienna and qualified as an ocean navigator. He first visited Jackson Hole in 1900 and returned in 1903 to become a ranger in the Teton Division of the Yellowstone Timberland Reserve. Rosencrans built the first ranger station in the district, which was replaced in 1915 with the present complex. Rosencrans retired from the Forest Service in 1928 because of failing eyesight, and died in 1970 at 94.

Located to the west of Rosie's Ridge, the log cabin at the center of the district is about  by . The cabin contains a kitchen on the west side, with a bedroom and bathroom in an enclosed porch on the north side.  The living room features a wood-burning stove. Another bedroom is in a lean-to addition on the east side.

Other buildings in the district include two log storage buildings, a log horse barn, and a privy. Rosencrans' grave is to the northeast of the barn, enclosed by a pole fence.

The cabin and surrounding structures are near the Forest Service's Old Blackrock Office, which was also associated with Rosencrans.

The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

References

External links
Lookouts, Latrines and Lodgepole Cabins:Administrative Facilities of Wyoming's Bridger-Teton National Forest, 1904-1955
Rosencrans Cabin Historic District at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Austrian-American history
Buildings and structures completed in 1915
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Teton County, Wyoming
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Teton County, Wyoming
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming


Heilpraktiker ("healing practitioner") is a naturopathic profession in Germany. It is recognized as an alternative and complementary health care profession by German law.

Profession in Germany
Heilpraktiker, or non-medical healing practitioner, is recognized as an alternative and complementary health care profession by German law. A heilpraktiker does not need to have any formal education or training but must do an exam at the health authorities. This exam used to be somewhat basic until the 1980s, at which time it was made to become much more demanding. A candidate needs to have good knowledge of medical sciences, such as anatomy, physiology and pathology and psychiatry; a good knowledge of law regulations is also needed. Heilpraktiker often specialize in a complementary and alternative field of healthcare that could be anything from faith healing, homeopathy, phytotherapy, Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, to reflexology or acupuncture. A heilpraktiker is a person who is allowed to practice as a non-medical practitioner using any unconventional therapy.

History
The profession of heilpraktiker is based on healing therapies beginning in the Middle Ages. The lîbarzet Jörg Radendorfer from Vienna received around 1496 rights in Frankfurt that were otherwise restricted to academic physicians, which were withdrawn in 1499 after protests of doctors and pharmacists, and the death of a patient. He then worked in Nuremberg from 1500 to around 1503.

After the First World War, the heilpraktiker began to organise. They formed an association "Verband der Heilkundigen Deutschlands" in Essen in 1920, which was renamed "Großverband der Heilpraktiker Deutschlands" (Great Association of the healing Practitioners of Germany" in 1928. By 1931, 22 organisations of heilpraktiker had been established. In 1933, the Nazi Reichsministerium des Innern appointed the heilpraktiker Ernst Heinrich as commissioner of the profession. Per the Gleichschaltung, all associations were combined in a central Heilpraktikerbund Deutschland, with enforced rules for membership and education. The organisation published the magazine Der Heilpraktiker first in August 1933.

The Nazis promoted heilpraktiker as a counter within alternative medicine to the "occult" practices of anthroposophy. Alternative medicine researcher Edzard Ernst have written about the links between heilpraktiker and Nazism, and described it as "a relic from the Nazis that endangers public health" in a series of blog posts, also arguing against extension of the practice. Heilpraktiker have been identified as involved with fake cancer cures. A law regarding the profession of heilpraktiker was issued on 18 February 1939, named "Erste Durchführungsverordnung zum Gesetz über die berufsmäßige Ausübung der Heilkunde ohne Bestallung" (First regulation implementing the law on the professional practice of medicine without bestowal), or short: Heilpraktikergesetz.

Organisation
According to the Statistisches Bundesamt, 45,000 heilpraktiker were accredited in Germany in 2017. They are organised in several associations which represent the interests of the profession and offer education and services. Several associations run schools.
 Allgemeiner Deutscher Heilpraktikerverband (ADHV)
 Arbeitsgemeinschaft Anthroposophischer Heilpraktiker-Berufsverband (AGAHP)
 Berufsverband Deutsche Naturheilkunde (BDN)
 Bund Deutscher Heilpraktiker (BDH)
 Bund Deutscher Heilpraktiker und Naturheilkundiger (BDHN)
 Fachverband Deutscher Heilpraktiker (FDH)
 Freie Heilpraktiker (FH)
 Freier Verband Deutscher Heilpraktiker (FVDH)
 Union Deutscher Heilpraktiker (UDH)
 Verband Deutscher Heilpraktiker  (VDH)
 Verband Heilpraktiker Deutschland (VHD)
 Verband Unabhängiger Heilpraktiker (VUH)
 Vereinigung Christlicher Heilpraktiker (VCHP)

They collaborate in the organisation Die Deutschen Heilpraktikerverbände (The German Heilpraktiker Associations). Beginning in 2011, five associations have collaborated in the umbrella organisation Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände (DDH). The central organisation has published a magazine Volksheilkunde.

Education
While there is no regulated curriculum to become heilpraktiker, several schools offer classes.

References

External links

 Dachverband Deutscher Heilpraktikerverbände
 Heilpraktiker: Why are they only available in Germany?, MedizinDoc NGO, 17. September 2019

Naturopathy
Health care occupations


Horatio Stanley Williams DSO (2 November 1886 – 30 April 1936) was a Welsh rugby union fullback who played club rugby for Newport. He won 4 caps for England and was selected for the British Lions 1910 tour of South Africa, in which he played in all three test games.

Rugby career
Williams first played for Newport in 1901 and was part of the team that faced the touring 1908 Australians. Whilst with Newport he had several trials with Wales and was at one stage selected as a reserve for the team, but was never officially selected to represent his birth country. In 1910 Williams was one of five Newport players chosen to represent the British Isles on their tour of South Africa. Williams played in all three test matches.

When the English rugby union invoked Newport's rugby union membership Williams switched his international allegiance to England. Williams was first capped for England on 21 January 1911 when he played against Wales at St Helens. England lost the match 11–15, but in the second game of the Championship Williams finished on the winning side when the English team crushed France 37–0. Williams played in the next two games for England when they lost in tight game to Ireland and beat Scotland to leave them with the Wooden Spoon.

International matches played
England
  1911
  1911
  1911
  1911

British Isles
  1910, 1910, 1910

Later life
Williams served his country during World War I, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his actions during the conflict.

In 1936, on a return trip from Rio de Janeiro to Southampton on the Royal Mail ship Arlanza, Williams fell overboard and was declared lost.

His daughter, Christine Stanley Williams, who accompanied him on the trip on the Arlanza, married Sir David Peel Yates.

References

1886 births
1936 deaths
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from England
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Wales
British Army personnel of World War I
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Deaths by drowning
England international rugby union players
Newport RFC players
Rugby union fullbacks
Rugby union players from Newport, Wales
Welsh rugby union players


Patrizia Scianca (born July 5, 1961) is an Italian voice actress from Turin who has dubbed over a number of notable roles in anime.

Roles

Television animation
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (Judy Neutron (Megan Cavanagh))
Bakusō Kyōdai Let's & Go!! (Go Seiba (Haruna Ikezawa))
City Hunter (Saeko Nogami (Yōko Asagami))
Doraemon (Suneo)
Dragon Ball (Son Goku, Son Gohan and Goten as children (Masako Nozawa))
Dr. Slump (second anime and second dub of the first one) (Arale Norimaki (Taeko Kawata, Mami Koyama))
Fullmetal Alchemist (Edward Elric as a child (Romi Park))
Kodocha (Tsuyoshi Ohki (Mayumi Misawa))
Marmalade Boy (Chiyako (Hiroko Emori))
Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch (Izul)
Mirmo! (Yashichi (Yukiji))
My Life as a Teenage Robot (Tuck (Audrey Wasilewski))
Ojamajo Doremi (Majorika (Naomi Nagasawa))
One Piece (Monkey D. Luffy as a child (Mayumi Tanaka), Tamanegi (Makiko Ōmoto) and Nico Robin (Yuriko Yamaguchi)
Rocket Power (Maurice "Twister" Rodriguez (Ulysses Cuadra))
Sailor Moon (Sailor Neptune (Masako Katsuki))
Sonic the Hedgehog (Bunnie Rabbot (Christine Cavanaugh))
Shaman King (Manta Oyamada)
Tokyo Mew Mew (Zakuro Fujiwara (Junko Noda))

Theatrical animation
Balto II: Wolf Quest (Saba (Melanie Spore))
Dead End Adventure (Nico Robin)

References
 Patrizia Scianca at Il mondo dei doppiatori

External links

1961 births
Italian voice actresses
Living people
Actresses from Turin


Chris Lewis was the defending champion, but lost in the second round this year.

Gene Mayer won the title, defeating Peter Elter 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–1 in the final.

Seeds

  Peter McNamara (second round)
  Gene Mayer (champion)
  Chip Hooper (quarterfinals)
  Mel Purcell (second round)
  Shlomo Glickstein (quarterfinals)
  Chris Lewis (second round)
 n/a
  Stanislav Birner (second round)

Draw

Final

Section 1

Section 2

External links
 1982 Bavarian Tennis Championships Singles draw

Singles


Sir Edmund James Palmer Norton (1865–1944) was an engineer of English descent who was born on the frontier between the Kingdom of Prussia and Denmark, though raised in England.  He is credited as a pioneer of Argentine viticulture.

Transandine Railway
After graduating with a degree in engineering his expertise in building railway bridges was requested to help build the Transandine Railway which connected the Argentine railroad from Mendoza to Santiago, Chile. This line, climbing through the Andes through a 12,000-foot pass, was built in one of the most difficult railroad terrains in the world.  Though the railway has not been functional since 1984, in 2006, both the Argentine and Chilean governments agreed to refurbish the railway and make it functional by the year 2010, at an estimated total cost of US$460 million.

Argentine viticulture
Once his work on the railway was completed, he moved to Bahía Blanca before returning to Mendoza in 1889 to settle permanently.  Though his formal training was in designing railway bridges, he soon sought other opportunities. In 1895 he founded the very first winery in the area, Bodega Norton, located to the south of the Mendoza River in the district of Perdriel, in the department of  Luján de Cuyo.  Norton recognized the Mendoza region's potential for wine cultivation and production, and planted grapes with vines imported from France.  He devoted the rest of his life to winemaking.  He married Juana Suarez and had several children, some of whom continued the family business.

Bodega Norton
In 1989, Bodega Norton was acquired by Austrian entrepreneur Gernot Langes–Swarovski, owner of Swarovski Crystal Company.  Bodega Norton now exports over 1.5 million cases annually.

See also

References

1865 births
1944 deaths
Argentine businesspeople
British railway civil engineers
Argentine winemakers
British emigrants to Argentina


No. 83 Squadron RAF was a Royal Flying Corps and  Royal Air Force squadron active from 1917 until 1969. It was operative during both the First World War and the Second World War.

Establishment and early service
Founded on 7 January 1917 at Montrose, the squadron trained at RAF Spitalgate and RAF Wyton, where it equipped with Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2bs and F.E.2ds for its role as a night bomber squadron. The squadron moved to France in March 1918 and attacked German troop concentrations to try to disrupt the German spring offensive, before operating for the remainder of the war on night bombing (mainly against railway targets) and reconnaissance operations. The squadron was disbanded on 31 December 1919.

Reinstatement and Second World War

The squadron re-formed at RAF Turnhouse in Scotland on 4 August 1936, equipped with Hawker Hinds for day bombing as part of 2 Group. On 14 March 1938, the squadron joined No 5 Group at Scampton and re-equipped with Handley Page Hampdens in October 1938.

Unlike many Bomber Command squadrons, No. 83 Squadron went into action on the first day of the Second World War, carrying out a sweep over the North Sea looking for German warships. The squadron continued with 'precision' raids against German naval and coastal targets but as the daylight operations became more costly, Bomber Command switched to night operations. The squadron flew against concentrations of invasion shipping in the Channel Ports in the late summer and autumn of 1940, with a raid on Antwerp on the night of 15 September resulting in the award of a Victoria Cross to Flight Sergeant John Hannah, a wireless operator and gunner for extinguishing a serious fire while receiving severe burns. In December 1941, the squadron was re-equipped with Avro Manchesters but due to their underpowered and unreliable engines these were quickly replaced by Avro Lancasters.

In August 1942, the squadron was transferred to the No 8 Group Pathfinder Force at RAF Wyton, operating as a marker unit for the main force of Bomber Command. In April 1944, 83 Squadron was returned to No 5 Group at RAF Coningsby, where it became the Pathfinder unit for independent operations by the Group.

In May 1946, the squadron re-equipped with Avro Lincolns, relocating in October to RAF Hemswell. It deployed to Singapore in September 1953, flying bombing missions against the supposed hiding places of Communist insurgents during the Malayan Emergency, returning to Hemswell in January, where it remained until disbanding again in December 1955.

Post-Second World War and disbandment
In May 1957, the squadron re-formed at RAF Waddington as the RAF's first Avro Vulcan squadron. In August 1960, it handed over its Mk1 aircraft to 44 Squadron and moved to RAF Scampton where it became the first squadron to receive the Vulcan Mk2. Initially these were armed with Yellow Sun nuclear weapons, later to be replaced by Blue Steel stand-off bombs. The squadron remained at Scampton in this role until finally disbanded in August 1969.

References

Bibliography
 Rawlings, J.D.R. "Squadron Histories:No.83". Air Pictorial, August 1961. pp. 236–237, 250.

External links

 Air of Authority - No 81-85 Squadron Histories
 History - RAF.MOD.UK
 WW2 History & markings - RAF.MOD.UK
 83 Squadron Royal Air Force - RAF-Lincolnshire.info
 No. 83 Squadron (RAF): Second World War - historyofwar.org
 Pathfinder History- Wg Cdr M.A.Gilbert MA RAFVR(T)
 The Vulcan Collection - XH563
 The Vulcan Collection - XA903

083 Squadron
083 Squadron
Military units and formations established in 1917
Aircraft squadrons of the Royal Air Force in World War II
1917 establishments in the United Kingdom


The Mavericks is the sixth studio album by the American country music band The Mavericks. It was their only release for Sanctuary Records, and their first studio album since Trampoline in 1998. The album produced three singles in "I Want to Know", "Would You Believe" and a cover version of "The Air That I Breathe", which was made famous by The Hollies. The latter was the only single to enter the charts, peaking at number 59 on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs). The Mavericks was the band's final studio album before they disbanded in 2003.

Also included on this album is a duet with Willie Nelson, "Time Goes By", and "In My Dreams" co-written and previously recorded by Rick Trevino on his 2003 album In My Dreams, an album which The Mavericks' lead singer Raul Malo produced. Trevino's version was also a single in 2003, peaking at #41 on the country charts.

Track listing
"I Want to Know" (Raul Malo) – 3:31
"In My Dreams" (Malo, Alan Miller, Rick Trevino) – 4:42
"Shine Your Light" (Malo) – 3:45
"I'm Wondering" (Malo, Dale Watson) – 3:15
"By the Time" (Malo, Alan Miller, Jaime Hanna) – 4:35
"Would You Believe" (Malo, Alan Miller) – 5:24
"Too Lonely" (Malo, Alan Miller) – 3:06
"Time Goes By" (Malo, Alan Miller, Hanna) – 4:37
"San Jose" (Malo, Alan Miller) – 3:35
"Because of You" (Malo, Alan Miller, Hanna, Trevino) – 3:33
"The Air That I Breathe" (Albert Hammond, Mike Hazlewood) – 4:01

Personnel

The Mavericks
Paul Deakin- drums
Raul Malo- acoustic guitar, electric guitar, melodica, lead vocals
Eddie "Scarlito" Perez- electric guitar, background vocals
Robert Reynolds- bass guitar, background vocals

Additional musicians
Jimmy Bowland- alto saxophone
Glen Caruba- percussion
Eric Darken- percussion
David Davidson- concert master
Chris Dunn- trombone
Kenny Greenberg- electric guitar
Jannelle Guillot- speaking part
Don Hart- string arrangements
John Hobbs- keyboards
Jim Hoke- horn arrangements, tenor saxophone
Bill Huber- trombone
Love Sponge Orchestra- strings
Doug Moffet- baritone saxophone
Gordon Mote- keyboards, mellotron
Willie Nelson- vocals on "Time Goes By"
Matt Nygren- horn arrangements, trumpet
Frolian Sossa- background vocals
Debbie Spring- fiddle
Jim Williamson- trumpet
Glenn Worf- upright bass

Chart performance

References

2003 albums
EMI Records albums
Sanctuary Records albums
The Mavericks albums
Albums produced by Kenny Greenberg


The 2009 Major League Lacrosse season was the ninth season of the league.  The season began on May 15, 2009 and concluded with the championship game on August 23, 2009.

Milestones & events

Rule changes
Major League Lacrosse announced some major rule changes in the off-season.  The league will introduce a fourth long–stickman to play.  For the first eight seasons the league operated, each team could only field three long–stick defenders on the field at a time.  This rule was unique from the traditional men's field lacrosse rules played in high schools and colleges.  The league will maintain the two–point goal and shot clock that differentiates Major League Lacrosse rules from high school and college lacrosse.  In addition, the league announced that each team would be permitted to have one additional roster position to a total of nineteen players.

Team movement
The Washington Bayhawks will move from the Washington D.C. area to Annapolis, Maryland.  The Bayhawks have signed a three–year contract with the Naval Academy to play their home games at the Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium. This move will be the Bayhawks sixth different home field in their nine years of existence.
The Long Island Lizards will move their home games back to James M. Shuart Stadium, where they played in 2001 and 2002.
The MLL announced on February 19 that the Los Angeles Riptide, Philadelphia Barrage, New Jersey Pride, Rochester Rattlers and San Francisco Dragons folded and a new team will play in Toronto. The league will consist of 6 teams. The Eastern and Western Conferences have been eliminated.
 The Rochester Rattlers' roster and staff will be transferred to the new Toronto Nationals team; however, the name, colors, and history are staying behind in Rochester to be potentially used by a future MLL team.
 For their home games, The Toronto Nationals played their inaugural season at BMO Field.

Pre-season

Casey, Ryan, and Mikey Powell, three of the best and most popular players in the league, all sat out for the 2009 season. The three brothers did not report to their respective teams as of the April 1 contract deadline - which means they are ineligible to play for anyone for the remainder of 2009. This was not the first time the Powell brothers sat out a season. The 2009 season was Mikey's third sitting out, while it is Casey's second, and Ryan's first.

Standings
W = Wins, L = Losses, PCT = Winning Percentage, GB = Games Back of first place, GF = Goals For, 2ptGF = 2 point Goals For, GA = Goals Against, 2ptGA = 2 point Goals Against

Final

Long Island finished ahead of Boston base on head-to-head record 3-0.

All Star Game
The 2009 game took place July 16 at Denver's INVESCO Field. The Old School beat the Young Guns 22-21 in overtime.  Brian Langtry (Denver) was named the MVP for the game.

Playoffs
The 2009 New Balance MLL Championship Weekend took place on Saturday and Sunday, August 22 and 23 at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland. The two semifinal games were at 12 PM ET and 3 PM ET on Saturday. The Toronto Nationals and Denver Outlaws won their semi-final matchups and in the Championship game with 45 seconds left, Shawn Williams scored to give the Nationals a 10-9 lead and Toronto won the MLL championship.

Merrick Thomson was named MVP for the playoffs

Awards

Annual awards

References

9
Major League Lacrosse


Pepducins are cell-penetrating peptides that act as intracellular modulators of signal transference from receptors to G proteins. Pepducins were first developed at the Tufts Medical Center laboratories of Dr. Athan Kuliopulos and Dr. Lidija Covic.

Pepducins employ lipidated fragments of intracellular G protein-coupled receptor loops to modulate GPCR action in targeted cell-signaling pathways. A pepducin molecule consists of a short peptide derived from a GPCR intracellular loop tethered to a hydrophobic moiety. This structure allows pepducin lipopeptides  to anchor in the cell membrane lipid bilayer and target the GPCR/G protein interface via a unique intracellular allosteric  mechanism.  Pepducins for over 15 different GPCRs have been successfully produced, several of which have shown  activity in preclinical in vivo models.

An anti-PAR4 pepducin extended bleeding time in mice and protected against systemic platelet activation and thrombosis.

A CXCR4 agonist pepducin mobilizes bone marrow hematopoietic cells.

A PAR1 pepducin, PZ-128, has successfully completed phase I clinical trials.

References

Lipopeptides


The Journal of Human Capital is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. It covers theoretical and empirical research on the role of human capital in economics. The editor-in-chief is Isaac Ehrlich (State University of New York at Buffalo). The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index and Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences.

References

External links

Economics journals
University of Chicago Press academic journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 2007
English-language journals


The Workers Union of the Comoros (Union des Travailleurs des Comores, UTC) is a national trade union center in the Comoros.

References

Trade unions in the Comoros


Acepentalene is a tricyclic anti-aromatic compound. Its molecular formula is . It consists of three five-membered rings fused across three of the five carbon atoms. The central carbon atom in acepentalene is part of all three rings. There are formally five double bonds in acepentalene, so that the molecule formally contains four double bonds on the exterior, and one double bond from the central carbon to the exterior of the ring system.

The acepentalene dianion, which can be stabilized by two lithium atoms, is more stable. The radical anion is also known.

The dianion was first synthesized by reacting triquinacene with n-butyllithium and potassium tert-amylate (also called potassium t-pentoxide) in hexane solution.

References

Antiaromatic compounds


The West Coast Don is the fifth studio album by rapper Yukmouth, released on July 14, 2009 on Smoke-a-Lot Records/Asylum Records.

Track listing

References

Yukmouth albums
2009 albums


Archalbot got its name from a small tree named Archale. It is sour in taste. Native Parajuli's of Archalbot were called Archalbote in previous time. It is located in Pokhara metropolitan city . Few hundred year ago, Archalbot use to have a different name (Simal patan) because there used to be large and big simal trees in today's Archalbot . Parajuli's are the native of this place beside this large number of Pun Magar have also migrated from Myagdi District and Parbat District.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Kaski District


The Supreme Court Review is an annual peer-reviewed law journal covering the legal implications of decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States. It is published by the University of Chicago Press and was established in 1960. The journal's founding editor Philip B. Kurland held the position until 1988. The editors-in-chief are Dennis J. Hutchinson, David A. Strauss, and Geoffrey R. Stone (University of Chicago Law School).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
EBSCO databases
MEDLINE/PubMed (selected citations only)
ProQuest databases
Scopus
Social Sciences Citation Index
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.188.

References

External links

American law journals
Academic journals established in 1960
1960 establishments in Illinois
University of Chicago Press academic journals


Emily Frances Valentine, designated the first lady of rugby and "female William Web Ellis" by the media, is the earliest documented female rugby player (at the age of 10) in 1887, and provides the only confirmed record of a woman playing in the nineteenth century. Prior to the discovery of Valentine, the earliest named female rugby player was Mary Eley in 1917, who at the age of sixteen played for the Cardiff Ladies.

Rugby
Valentine, born in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland circa 1878, was the youngest of six brothers and sisters. She played her first match of rugby union at the Portora Royal School, three years after her father William Valentine was named Assistant Headmaster. According to her memoirs, in the winter of 1887, she removed her hat and overcoat to play alongside her two brothers (William, aged 16, and John, aged 10 or 11) as their team was a man short. Valentine first  kicked place, but then scored a try in her first game after moving to the wing alongside her brothers in the backline. Valentine would continue to participate with the team in practices and intra-school matches according to the school's records which also includes correspondence from Valentine in 1951.

Personal life
Valentine moved to South Africa in the late 19th century. She became a nurse and changed her name to Galway after marrying military doctor Major John Galeway OBE in 1909. Valentine moved to India until about 1915 (and possibly Canada) before settling in England.

One of Valentine's eight grandchildren is named Catherine Galway.

References

1870s births
1967 deaths
19th-century Irish women
People educated at Portora Royal School
Irish female rugby union players
British women nurses
Irish expatriate sportspeople in England


Haverstock is an area of the London Borough of Camden: specifically the east of Belsize Park, north of Chalk Farm and west of Kentish Town.  It is centred on Queens Crescent and Malden Road. Gospel Oak is to the north, Camden Town to the south.

Built environment
The Queen's Crescent NW5 area to the east of the hill is home to Queen's Crescent Market.  If divided into nine equal sections the north-east to south-east third has most of the high density council housing centred on sports facilities at the  Talacre Gardens which adjoins Kentish Town West railway station In the west a notable estate of partial social blocks is the Maitland Park Estate, Maitland Park Villas.  Grand, classical architecture long roads are from west to east: Eton Road, Adelaide Road, Prince of Wales Road, Parkhill Road, Maitland Park Road, Queens Crescent and the east of Marsden Street and Malden Road.

Nearby open spaces and hills
Primrose Hill and Hampstead Heath are within 500 metres (of the south-west and north edges) of the ward.

Haverstock Hill, Rosslyn Hill, and Heath Street, Hampstead constitute a 2.8 km rise of 99 m, with an average gradient of 3.5% (maximum 8.5%).

Cultural groups, entertainment and retail
The area is ethnically and socially diverse, and the marketplace and surrounding area is well known for its African, Jamaican, South American and Eastern European culture, well reflected in the ethnic food stalls and clothes shops in the area.

The top of Queens Crescent is a diverse 20  street and part-time market lined with about 30 shops/salons including a modern library, post office, two pharmacies, the Sir Robert Peel and specialist grocery shops selling a broad mixture of convenience and exotic foods. These are supplemented with corner cafés and hot food takeaways.

On this street Queen's Crescent Street Market has served the area and Gospel Oak for over 100 years and now frequently hosts farmers' markets and guest traders from across the UK. The marketplace and surrounding area is well known for its African, Jamaican, South American and Eastern European culture.

Neighbouring streets of Kentish Town Road, east, and Chalk Farm Road, south-east are focussed on rows of bars, pubs, clubs and restaurants.

Music and performance
The Barfly club, which launched many artists of the Britpop era, and the Roundhouse venue are in Chalk Farm Road, where among other bar-nightclubs on the road including The Enterprise Bar has two extra floors for gigs and weekend DJs; it culminates in Camden Market and facing restaurants/nightlife venues.

Literature
Sir Richard Steele, writer, playwright, politician and co-founder of The Spectator, went to live in Haverstock Hill in 1712. The site of his cottage is commemorated in the name of the Sir Richard Steele pub at 97 Haverstock Hill. Writer and dramatist Douglas Jerrold was living in Haverstock in 1838.

'The Haverstock Hill Murder' is a detective story by George R Sims in his story collection Dorcas Dene, Detective (1897) and features an early example of a female detective in crime fiction.  It was dramatised for BBC Radio in 2008.

Demography
In the labour market, its claimant count for unemployment is the same as nationally, as at March 2018: 2.1%.  This compares to a borough-wide average of 1.7%.

Transport
In the ward:
Kentish Town West — in the east
Chalk Farm  — in the south
Beyond the north-west border:
Belsize Park

Famous residents

 Marwa Abdalla, President of Somalia
 Lindsay Duncan, actress
 Baroness Helena Kennedy, barrister and broadcaster
 Denis Lawson, actor
 Dame Ann Leslie, Daily Mail journalist and writer
 Hilton McRae, actor
 Billie Piper, actress and singer
 Leonard Whiting, actor
 Zeinab Badawi, BBC news presenter has a home in the Haverstock Hill area
 Frank Skinner, Comedian
 Bill Oddie, Comedian, Presenter
 Sylvester McCoy, Actor
 John Lahr. Writer
Haverstock School includes former leader of the Labour Party Ed Miliband and former Members of Parliament David Miliband and Oona King amongst its alumni and alumna

Politics

Haverstock is represented by three councillors on the Camden London Borough Council. As of 2019, the local councillors are Alison Kelly, Abdul Quadir and Gail McAnena Wood, all of the Labour Party.

The ward forms part of the Holborn and St. Pancras constituency, which has been represented by the Labour Party since its creation in 1983. The current Member of Parliament is Keir Starmer.

References
References

Notes

Areas of London
Districts of the London Borough of Camden


John "Red Rocks" Farrell (–?) was an American criminal, thief and member of the Whyos, a prominent New York street gang during the mid-to late 19th century. One of the more colorful members of the gang at the height of its power, he spent nearly half his life in correctional institutions.

In late 1891, Farrell was convicted of drugging and then robbing a man and sentenced to two years imprisonment in Sing Sing. He was released in November 1893 and returned to the Bowery where, two months later, he was charged with the robbery of an ex-police officer, 65-year-old James McGill, on the evening of January 9, 1894. McGill claimed that he had met Farrell and was invited to share a drink with him. McGill agreed but recalled losing consciousness after two drinks and awoke the next morning in a jail cell at the Eldridge Street Police Station. He was missing $140 in cash as well as his watch and chain, worth another $150. Farrell was arrested days later and tried at The Tombs police court where he faced a five-year prison sentence. Farrell is one of several Whyos to appear in the 2003 historical novel Dreamland by Kevin Baker.

References

1850s births
Date of birth unknown
Place of birth unknown
Place of death unknown
Year of death unknown
Criminals from Manhattan
American gangsters of Irish descent
Whyos
American people convicted of robbery
Inmates of Sing Sing


John Collard Cocker (1815 – 27 March 1885), known as Joe Cocker, was an English cricketer who played a single first-class cricket match for a Kent XI in 1842. He was a key figure in the development of cricket in South Australia after emigrating to the colony in the 1840s and was the first curator of the Adelaide Oval.

Early life
Cocker was born at Thurnham near Maidstone in Kent in 1815, the son of Thomas and Mary Cocker. His father was a farmer and John played cricket for sides such as Leeds, Bearsted and Yalding, where he played alongside players such as Alfred Mynn and William Hillyer and Ned Wenman, all of whom were key players in the great Kent sides of the day.

Cocker made his only first-class appearance for a Kent side in 1842 at Lord's just before the formation of the first Kent County Cricket Club. Although he did not play in any other first-class matches he seems to have been highly regarded as a lob bowler. He emigrated to Australia in 1846 and established a public house, the Kentish Arms, at Lower North Adelaide.

South Australia
In South Australia Cocker became an important part of the development of cricket in the colony. He was a "central figure" of the game in Adelaide and considered by the Secretary of the Adelaide Cricket Club as the side's best player at the time. He became the first curator of the ground which became the Adelaide Oval and has been referred to as the "father of South Australian cricket". The Kentish Arms was a venue for cricket-related functions in the city.

Cocker scored what is one of the first recorded centuries in South Australia. In a single wicket challenge match against a seaman he is reported to have scored 109 runs, dismissing his opponent for less than 20 runs in return.

Family
Cocker married Harriet Foster at Newington in Surrey in 1842 before emigrating. The couple had two sons and six daughters. His sister, Mary, is believed to have married fellow immigrant Lewis Hollingworth, another Kent cricketer whom Cocker played alongside in club cricket and for West Kent. Cocker died at Lower North Adelaide in 1885 aged 70.

References

External links

1815 births
1885 deaths
English cricketers
Kent cricketers
People from the Borough of Maidstone
Cricketers from Kent


The R.R Donnelley Printing Plant, sometimes known as the Calumet Plant or the Lakeside Plant and now known as the Lakeside Technology Center, was built between 1912 and 1929 to house the operations of the RR Donnelley printing company.  In 1993, the plant was closed after the discontinuation by Sears, Roebuck and Co. of its mail-order catalog, which had been the last major account printed there. In 1999 the building was retrofitted and is currently owned by Digital Realty Trust operating as a carrier hotel and data center. The newly outfitted building was the first and largest planned carrier hotel in the United States.

The building was designed by Howard Van Doren Shaw to be a fireproof design of poured reinforced concrete columns and an open-shell concrete floor. Although considered to be expensive by the standards of that time, T.E. Donnelley agreed that the support would be needed for the many tons of paper they used and large presses they operated. Supported by 4,675 steel-reinforced concrete columns, this type of construction not only served the Donnelley well, it also provided the perfect infrastructure for future tenants. To further the building's support structure, reinforcing bars, normally laid perpendicular, were laid at various angles enabling the floors to bear loads of at least 250 pounds per square foot.

Current major tenants of the building include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Telx, Equinix, Steadfast Networks and CenturyLink.

Exterior ornaments depict symbols of printing history.  Portions of the building, including the interior Memorial Library, were designed by architect Charles Klauder.

See also
Lakeside Press Building

References

Data centers
Howard Van Doren Shaw buildings
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
Chicago Landmarks
RR Donnelley


Andrei Viktorovich Gruzdev (; born 21 May 1977 in Kineshma, RSFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion.

Ski orienteering
He received a gold medal in sprint at the 2002 World Ski Orienteering Championships in Borovetz, and a gold medal in the middle distance in Levi in 2005. In 2007 he won a gold medal in the relay event (with Kirill Veselov and Eduard Khrennikov). He has received two individual silver medal and three bronze medals at the world championships.

At the World Cup in Ski Orienteering in 2000 Gruzdev finished overall second, behind winner Eduard Khrennikov.

References

Living people
Russian orienteers
Male orienteers
Ski-orienteers
1977 births
21st-century Russian people


Mobile automaton (plural: mobile automata) within theoretical computer science, is a class of automata similar to cellular automata but which have a single "active" cell instead of updating all cells in parallel. In a mobile automaton, the evolution rules apply only to the active cell, and also specify how the active cell moves from one generation to the next. All cells that are not active remain the same from one generation to the next. Mobile automata can therefore be considered a hybrid between elementary cellular automata and Turing machines.

References

Cellular automata


Ted Bami Minsende (born 2 March 1978 in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo)) is a former professional boxer. Nicknamed "Dangerous", Bami is a former European light welterweight champion and British light welterweight title challenger. He was until recently the trainer of his nephew, British boxer Isaac Chamberlain. Bami and Chamberlain parted ways following Chamberlain's accusations of theft; however, in May 2018, the Boxing Board of Control cleared Bami of all accusations and he remained Chamberlain's Manager until 2020.

Biography
Bami was born in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) but has lived in Britain since the age of 12, having left Zaire to avoid the civil war in the country at that time. He was raised by his uncle who first introduced him to boxing at 15. Bami is self-managed and is trained by James Cook.

Professional career
Bami made his professional boxing debut in September 1998, with a first round stoppage of Des Sowden. In his second professional fight, Bami knocked out Gary Reid in the 2nd round of a scheduled 4 round contest. Reid would go on to challenge for the commonwealth light welterweight title. Bami's first setback came when he was knocked out by Jacek Bielski in his fourth fight.

Rise to prominence
On 17 August 2002, Bami knocked out the previously undefeated Bradley Pryce in the 6th round. Pryce has since gone on to challenge for the British welterweight title and win the Commonwealth title in the light middleweight division.

In April, 2003, Bami won the vacant World Boxing Federation (WBF) light welterweight title with a 9th round knockout of Vasile 'Laszlo' Herteg. On 26 July 2003, in his first defence of the title, Bami was knocked out by South African Samuel Malinga, who had previously defeated Colin Lynes.

Following the defeat to Malinga, Bami spent the next couple of years fighting mid-level European opposition. During this period his biggest wins were over Hungarian Jozsef Matolcsi, Russian Viktor Baranov and Poland's Rafal Jackiewicz.

European title
On 14 September 2006, following an injury to Jason Cook, Bami received a late call to fight for the vacant European light welterweight title against Italian Giuseppe Lauri, who had previously lost against Ricky Hatton and Junior Witter. On 22 September 2006, despite having a point deducted for headbutting, Bami defeated Lauri via a unanimous points decision with scores of 117-112 twice and 118-111.

On 30 March 2007, Bami scored another unanimous points decision over Lauri in a rematch for the title. Bami vacated the title following an injury.

British title
On 14 March 2008, Bami challenged David Barnes for the vacant British light welterweight title. Bami was defeated via a unanimous points decision, in a fight which Barnes controlled with his jab.  In July, 2008, Bami returned to winning ways with a 7th round knockout of Stuart Elwell via a body shot.

Prizefighter 3: The Welterweights
On 24 October 2008, Bami was defeated in the final of the 3rd Prizefighter tournament by Michael Lomax. Bami, favourite going into the tournament, defeated Andrew Ferrans via knockout and Mark Lloyd on points on his way to the final.

Bami vs. Hatton
On 28 March 2009, Bami was defeated by Matthew Hatton in a 6th round stoppage in an eliminator for the IBO welterweight Title. After the fight, Bami announced that he would continue with his boxing career stating "People now think Ted Bami is over but I’m not over."

Championships held
 European Light Welterweight title
 WBF Light Welterweight title

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Light-welterweight boxers
Prizefighter contestants
Democratic Republic of the Congo male boxers
Democratic Republic of the Congo emigrants to the United Kingdom
British male boxers


Sign of Victory is the second album of the glam metal band Buster Brown. It is the only Buster Brown album to feature drummer James Kottak.

After this album, singer Johnny Edwards and drummer James Kottak were recruited by guitarist Ronnie Montrose into his band Montrose. They played on Montrose's Mean album.

The song "Dirty Girl" resembles the Sweet Savage song "Straight Through The Heart" and, to a lesser extent, the Dio song "Caught In The Middle". The song "Monkey Bars" is a cover of the song originally done by Canadian rock band Coney Hatch.

Track listing
 Let's Rock
 Save Your Love
 Dirty Girl
 Monkey Bars
 Devil in Her Eyes
 Streetwalker
 Bounty Hunter
 Sign Of Victory

Personnel
 Johnny Edwards: Lead Vocals
 Allan Phelps: Guitar
 Kevin Downs: Bass
 James Kottak: Drums

Buster Brown (band) albums
1985 albums


The Ericsson R380 is a GSM smartphone developed by Ericsson Mobile Communications. It combines the functions of a mobile phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA), and was introduced at CEBIT on 1999/2/18.

Released in November 2000, it was the first device marketed as a 'smartphone'. In December 1999, the magazine Popular Science appointed Ericsson R380 to one of the most important advances in science and technology. It was a groundbreaking device, as it was as small and light as a normal mobile phone.

Hardware
The display was a black and white touchscreen, partially covered by a flip which, when opened, reveals a large wide display. For that reason it can be considered the clear forerunner of the popular P800/P900 series of smartphones. It predates the UIQ user interface which runs on those later phones, but again, the heritage is clear.

Software
The R380 ran the EPOC Release 5.1 operating system, which can thus be considered the first Symbian OS device. It uses a sophisticated user interface that originated as 'Emerald', one of the device family reference designs (DFRD) that was planned by Symbian Ltd. However users could not install their own software on the device.

The phone and the software was developed at Ericsson's lab in Kista, Sweden. The user interface (UI) was developed at Ericsson's Software Applications Laboratory in Warrington, UK. The UI was built using an in-house developed library called the Ericsson Control Kit (ECK).

The device was delivered in three variants. The most common being the R380s (dual 900/1800 GSM bands) and the (rarer) R380 World (dual 900/1900 GSM bands). The final variant with minor software and cosmetic upgrades was designated the R380e.

At introduction, the R380s pricing was around US$700 (compared to the T28s at US$500), and the device was never network-locked.

See also
Nokia 9210 Communicator

External links
 Pic

References

R380
Symbian devices
Ericsson
Mobile phones introduced in 2000


Práxedis Gilberto Guerrero Hurtado (28 August 1882 – 30 December 1910) was a Mexican anarchist poet, journalist and fighter who served as an insurgent leader during the 1910 Revolution.

Biography
Guerrero was originally from Los Altos de Ibarra near León, Guanajuato, where his parents owned a hacienda. After finishing his secondary schooling, he began working as a labourer.
In 1899 he submitted his first articles to the newspapers  El Heraldo Comercial and El Despertador.
In 1901,  appointed him a correspondent on Diario del Hogar and, that same year, he enlisted as a reservist in the National Army, where he reached the rank of second lieutenant (cavalry).

In 1903 he began to read newspapers that opposed the ongoing dictatorship of President Porfirio Díaz, including El Demófilo and El hijo del Ahuizote; he also met several anarchist writers.
After the army (under orders from Gov. Bernardo Reyes) opened fire on a liberal demonstration in Monterrey, Nuevo León, on 2 April of that year,
he resigned his commission in the reserves.

In 1904 he relocated to the United States and began working as a mine labourer in Denver, Colorado.
In 1905 he moved to San Francisco, California, where he published the newspaper Alba Roja ("Red Dawn");
In May 1906 Guerrero was visited by Manuel Sarabia, who invited him to participate on the Organizing Committee of the Mexican Liberal Party (JOPLM).

In addition to  Alba Roja, Guerrero worked on other papers, including Revolución (1908) and Punto Rojo (1909),
which  had a weekly print-run of 10,000 copies in El Paso, Texas, and joined its voice to calls for a general strike;
he also contributed to Regeneración, published by the Flores Magón brothers. He was a member of the Mexican Liberal Party (PLM) and fought in the party's military campaigns.

In September 1910, Regeneración published the stories of three 1908 revolutionary episodes, in which Guerrero described PLM attacks on the settlements of Las Vacas (modern-day Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila), Viesca, Coahuila, and Puerto Palomas, Chihuahua, intended to spark a social revolution across Mexico.

The liberal opposition to Díaz's regime finally declared open rebellion on 20 November 1910, under Francisco I. Madero's  Plan de San Luis.
Guerrero, who had been appointed Chief of Operations of the Confederation of Groups of the Liberal Army in Mexico,
decided to raise an armed force in El Paso, Texas, and lead it across the border, even with the disapproval of the PLM's Organizing Committee, which wanted him to dedicate his efforts to writing and reporting.

On 22 December, some 30 revolutionaries led by Guerrero entered Mexico through Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua,
attacked a hacienda, sequestered a train, and advanced toward the south, destroying the railway bridges as they passed. At Estación Guzmán, Chihuahua, they were joined by another 20 insurgents; there, on 25 December, they split into two groups, the larger one led by Guerrero and the other by Prisciliano Silva.

Guerrero took the town of Corralitos on 27 December and, the following day (unsuccessfully) demanded the surrender of   Casas Grandes. During the night of 29 December, he led his forces on an attack on Janos and, by the following morning, the town was in rebel hands.

That same day, however, Práxedis Guerrero was killed. The circumstances of his death are unclear, and there are at least three different versions of the incident. Ethel Duffy Turner claims he was shot by one of his men who confused Guerrero with a spy as he was gaining higher ground to conduct reconnaissance; Martínez Nuñez says Guerrero was shot in the right eye while climbing onto a roof to repel an attack by federal forces; while Enrique Flores Magón reports that Guerrero was shot in the forehead while explaining the ideals of the PLM to the assembled townsfolk.

Legacy

In Chihuahua, Práxedis Guerrero has a town, a municipality and a school that honors his name. Another settlement in the state of Durango also bears his name.

See also
Magonism

References

External links

 Artículos de combate, Chantal López & Omar Cortés (eds.), 1977.
 Weaving the Past: Journey of Discovery, Documental by Walter Dominguez about Práxedis Guerrero.

People of the Mexican Revolution
Mexican journalists
Male journalists
Mexican anarchists
Magonists
Writers from Guanajuato
People from León, Guanajuato
1882 births
1910 deaths
1882 in Mexico
1910 in Mexico
20th-century journalists


Godawari () formerly known as Attariya Municipality is a municipality located in the Kailali District of Nepal.

The municipality was established on 18 May 2014 under the name Attariya Municipality by merging the former village development committees of Attariya, Malakheti, Sripur and Geta. The total area of the Godawari municipality is . At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 78,018 people living in 14,915 individual households.

History
Godawari in actual, is believed to be a holy place holding religious importance since early long time. This is a famous pilgrimage spot in far-west. The spat has been situated on the side of holy Godawari river, which is the great faith the point of Hindu people. It is believed that in ancient times one of major rishis of Hindus,Gautama has gone into deep penance and received self-knowledge in this region and in Duaper millennium also Lord Krishna grandfather Bhishma along with five Pandavas with Draupadi during their Forest exile devotion had stayed in this place, had bath in this river and gained knowledge of purity heart and mind. In the memory of these great sages there is held a big religious fair on 1stmagh of every year which is known as Godawari Makar Mela.

Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal, 2015, all old municipalities and villages (which were more than 3900 in number) were restructured into 753 new units, thus this municipality upgraded into Godawari Municipality

In 2017, the Godawari village development committee was merged into Attariya and the city's name was changed to Godawari Municipality.

In 2018, Godawari was declared the capital of Sudurpaschim Province. But till now Dhangadhi serves as the temporary capital for the Sudurpashchim Province.

Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Godawari Municipality had a population of 79,686. Of these, 59.6% spoke Doteli, 20.4% Tharu, 11.3% Nepali, 4.7% Achhami, 0.8% Bajureli, 0.8% Magar, 0.6% Baitadeli, 0.4% Hindi, 0.3% Bajhangi, 0.3% Kham, 0.3% Gurung, 0.2% Maithili, 0.1% Bhojpuri, 0.1% Gurung, 0.1% Tamang and 0.1% other languages as their first language.

In terms of ethnicity/caste, 31.9% were Chhetri, 20.6% Tharu, 16.6% Kami, 14.7% Hill Brahmin, 4.8% Damai/Dholi, 3.0% Magar, 2.5% Thakuri, 1.6% Sarki, 0.8% Badi, 0.6% Lohar, 0.5% Newar, 0.5% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.4% Tamang, 0.2% other Dalit, 0.2% Musalman, 0.1% Halwai, 0.1% Rai, 0.1% other Terai, 0.1% Yakkha and 0.2% others.

In terms of religion, 97.7% were Hindu, 1.5% Christian, 0.6% Buddhist and 0.2% Muslim.

In terms of literacy, 66.0% could read and write, 3.7% could only read and 30.3% could neither read nor write.

Industry
BRICK :: Saanvi Brick Industries, located in Attariya, is the first full automatic brick factory in the Far-Western Region of Nepal. It mainly produce the international standard i.e. quality based brick. It uses in government building, personal home, temple etc. It is locate at dhangadhi road near attariya chowk.

ROSIN :: Divya Rosin terpentine limited mainly prodece the Rosin & Terpentine a chemical based industry.

Tourism
Godawari River: The Godawari River is a sacred place for Hindus and near it can be found multiple Hindu temples, including those to Shiva Mandir and Hanuman Mandir; as well as a Buddhist Gompa.

Baddi Machheli (बड्डी मछेली ), or simply Machheli: The name Machheli means abundant fish. A hanging bridge crosses the Machheli river and there is a nearby picnic spot.

Transportation
Godawari serves as a gateway to Far-Western Nepal and a transport hub due to its location at the intersection of the Mahendra and Mahakali highways.

Education
The development of a significant number of schools and colleges in Godawari led far western Nepal to become an educational hub. Durga Laxmi Multiple Camus offers various courses on Arts, Commerce and education up to Post Graduate level. It offers a course of computer engineering for class 9 & 10. Saraswati International Model High School is renowned for its quality school-level education. Recently, The school was awarded by British Council for its educational excellence. Geta Eye hospital offers a diploma in ophthalmology. The proposed Dasharatha Chanda Institute of Medical Sciences which is in ward no.12 is under construction and will offer many courses in Medical sciences in future.

Health

Padma Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Sewa Nursing Home provides health services based on Attraiya. Geta Eye Hospital is one of the largest eye hospitals in the country. Geta Eye Hospital is a service-oriented, social organization that provides preventative and curative eye care services in the Far Western Region of Nepal. This hospital provides medical and surgical eye care services with community-based outreach activities such as Surgical eye camps and screening camps in all nine districts of the Seti and Mahakali Zones. The hospital also provides eye care services to a large number of patients visiting from Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal of Northern India. The number of patients is increasing every year due to continuous improvement in surgical techniques and relatively low service costs of the medical and surgical treatments. These costs are easily affordable for the middle class as well as poor patients.

Media
To promote local culture, Attariya has Godawari FM 87.9  MHz.

References

External links

UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District
Nepal municipalities established in 2014
Municipalities in Kailali District
Nepalese capital cities


Hasuliya is a village development committee in Kailali District in Sudurpashchim Province, western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 10,638 living in 1405 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District


Liliana Campos (born 27 April 1971) is a Portuguese television presenter and fashion model. She has a degree in international relations, and started her professional career at SIC television in Portugal.

She is married to Rodrigo Herédia.

Among SIC's television shows she participated are O Juiz Decide, Mundo VIP, Campeões Nacionais, Flash, Êxtase, Animais de Quatro Patas and Fama Show.

References

External links

Portuguese female models
Portuguese television presenters
Living people
1971 births
Portuguese women television presenters


Janakinagar is a village development committee in Kailali District in Sudurpashchim Province of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4864 living in 604 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District


Joshipur  is Rural Municipality in Kailali District of Sudurpashchim Province established by merging  Bauniya and Joshipur two existing village development committees. Joshipur lies 75 km east of Dhangadhi and 61 3 km west of the capital, Kathmandu. It is surrounded by Lamki Chuha Municipality , Tikapur Municipality  and Janaki Rural Municipality in the East , Ghodaghodi Municipality and Bhajani Municipality in the West , Bardagoriya Rural Municipality in the North and Bhajani Municipality in the South.

Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Joshipur Rural Municipality had a population of 36,459. Of these, 79.4% spoke Tharu, 9.8% Doteli, 6.2% Nepali, 2.8% Achhami, 0.6% Maithili, 0.5% Hindi, 0.5% Urdu, 0.1% Newar and 0.1% other languages as their first language.

In terms of ethnicity/caste, 80.2% were Tharu, 8.7% Chhetri, 2.9% Hill Brahmin, 2.4% Kami, 1.5% Damai/Dholi, 1.5% Thakuri, 1.0% Musalman, 0.6% other Dalit, 0.3% Sarki, 0.2% Newar, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% Kayastha, 0.1% Koiri/Kushwaha, 0.1% Magar, 0.1% Sonar, 0.1% Teli and 0.2% others.

In terms of religion, 97.9% were Hindu, 1.0% Christian, 1.0% Muslim and 0.1% Buddhist.

In terms of literacy, 60.3% could read and write, 2.6% could only read and 37.1% could neither read nor write.

Temples
 Ram Janaki Mandir, Jabahi
 Shree Someswarnath Mandir, Badhariya
 Shree Baneshwar baba sibha Mandir Dham, Bani

See also
 Sudurpashchim Province
 Kailali District
 Lamki Chuha Municipality

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District
Rural municipalities in Kailali District
Rural municipalities of Nepal established in 2017


Khailad is a village development committee in Kailali District But now it is combine with Bhajani Municipality in the Seti Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5734 living in 610 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Kailali District

Populated places in Kailali District


Bolly may refer to:
Jorge Luis Bolly (born 1984), Mexican professional wrestler
 Mathis Bolly (born 1990), Norwegian-born Ivorian football midfielder
 Monika Bolly (born 1968), Polish actress
 Bolly Lapok (born 1952), Metropolitan Archbishop and Primate of the Anglican Church of the Province of South East Asia and 13th Bishop of Kuching, a diocese in Malaysia
 Alex Drake (Ashes to Ashes), fictional detective in the TV series Ashes to Ashes

Bolly can also be an informal shortening of:

 Bollinger, a champagne house
 Bollywood, an informal term for the Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry
 Bristol Bolingbroke, a Canadian Second World War light bomber aircraft

See also

Bollygum, various tree species
Bollywood (disambiguation)
Bollywood (tree)
 Boly (disambiguation)


"Feel That Fire" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in September 2008 as the first single and title track from his 2009 album of the same name. The song became Bentley's sixth Number One on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of February 21, 2009.

Content
This song, which Bentley co-wrote along with Brad and Brett Warren (of The Warren Brothers) and his producer Brett Beavers, is an up-tempo mostly accompanied by electric guitar and banjo. It describes the narrator's lover and lists off all the things that she wants, such as "rid[ing] the bull at the rodeo" and “mak[ing] every stray [animal] a pet". In the chorus, the narrator explains that "she needs to feel that fire" and be his lover. This song is set in the key of A-flat major with the guitars set to E-flat tuning and a main chord pattern of A-D-G-A. Bentley's vocals range from G to E.

Critical reception
Alison Bonaguro, in an entry for the CMT blog, described the song favorably. In her review, she said, "In a world of passionless relationships, I think this song is very aspirational."

The song received a "thumbs down" review from the country music site Engine 145. Despite calling it an "uptempo number that finds Bentley singing about something other than life on the road, featuring a rockin’ intro", critic Brady Vercher said that the song "contains a weak narrative that settles for what's easiest by barely delving into the subject."

Promotion
To promote the single, Bentley shipped more than 2000 boxes of Cracker Jack to various radio stations (a reference to "she wants the toy in the Cracker Jack", a line from the opening). Fifty-one stations were chosen randomly as winners, with the grand prize being a concert with Bentley.

The music video featured actress and model Sarah Desage.

Chart performance

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2008 singles
2008 songs
Dierks Bentley songs
Songs written by the Warren Brothers
Music videos directed by Peter Zavadil
Songs written by Dierks Bentley
Songs written by Brett Beavers
Capitol Records Nashville singles
Song recordings produced by Brett Beavers


Under case number G 3/08, the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the EPO issued on May 12, 2010 an opinion in response to questions referred to it by the President of the European Patent Office (EPO), Alison Brimelow, on October 22, 2008. The questions subject of the referral related to the patentability of programs for computers under the European Patent Convention (EPC) and were, according to the President of the EPO, of fundamental importance as they related to the definition of "the limits of patentability in the field of computing." In a 55-page long opinion, the Enlarged Board of Appeal considered the referral to be inadmissible because no divergent decisions had been identified in the referral.

The referral had been quoted as relating to the "deeply contentious question about how to assess the patentability of software-related inventions". Alison Brimelow had been reported to have been considering referring the issue to the Enlarged Board of Appeal for almost two years.

Some amicus curiae briefs had anticipated that the referral would be considered inadmissible under the legal provisions of the EPC, and in particular .

Background

In addition to the Boards of Appeal before which decisions of the first instances of the EPO can be contested, the EPO includes an Enlarged Board of Appeal. This board does not constitute an additional level of jurisdiction in the classical sense. This instance takes decisions only when the case law of the Boards of Appeal becomes inconsistent or when an important point of law arises. Its purpose is "to ensure uniform application of the law"  and to clarify or interpret important points of law in relation to the European Patent Convention. Only the Boards of Appeal themselves and the President of the EPO can refer a question to the Enlarged Board of Appeal. In the first case, the Enlarged Board issues a decision, while in the latter case it issues an opinion. G 3/08 is a referral of the President of the EPO under .

Under , the patentability of programs for computers is excluded. However,  provides that this exclusion only applies to the extent to which a European patent application or European patent relates to such programs for computers "as such". The interpretation of the exclusion, including the words "as such", have caused applicants, attorneys, examiners, and judges a great deal of difficulty since the EPC came into force in 1978. An interpretation, which is followed by the Boards of Appeal of the EPO, is that an invention is patentable if it provides a new and non-obvious technical solution to a technical problem.

Referrals to the Enlarged Board of Appeal are said to be rare, happening only with the most complex questions. The patentability of software has provoked fierce debate in Europe over the recent years, especially in relation to the proposed European Union (EU) directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions. The directive was rejected in 2005 by the European Parliament, a decision that was welcomed by those on both sides of the debate, by those supporting the patentability of software in Europe as well as those opposing it.

Questions
Four questions have been referred by the President of the EPO to the Enlarged Board of Appeal. The four questions have been chosen to look at four different aspects of patentability in the field of computer programs.

Question 1: Claim category

A divergence between decisions T 1173/97, making no distinction between categories of claims, especially between computer-implemented claims and computer program claims, and T 424/03, making a distinction between these two categories, is cited as justifying this question.

Question 2: Claim as a whole

A divergence between decisions T 1173/97 and T 258/03 is cited as justifying this question. Under T 1173/97, computer programs are methods, and in order to have a technical character computer programs must demonstrate a further technical effect (which goes beyond the "normal" physical interactions between program (software) and computer (hardware)). Under T 258/03, a method acquires a technical character simply by involving technical means.

Question 3: Individual features of a claim

A divergence between, on the one hand, decisions T 163/85 and T 190/94, according to which a technical effect on a physical entity in the real world is required (to escape the exclusion under Article 52(2)(c) and (3)), and, on the other hand, T 125/01 and T 424/03, according to which the technical effects can be essentially confined to the respective computer programs, is cited as justifying this question.

Question 4: The activity of programming

A divergence between decisions considering that a programmer's activity, i.e. writing computer programs, falls within the exclusions of Article 52(2)(c) (T 833/91, T 204/93, and T 769/92) and decisions having taken the opposite view (T 1177/97 and T 172/03) is cited as justifying the question.

Statements by third parties (Amicus curiae briefs)
On November 11, 2008, the Enlarged Board of Appeal decided  to announce in the Official Journal of the EPO "further provisions concerning statements by third parties on the points of law concerning the patentability of programs for computers referred to it by the President of the European Patent Office". The expected announcement was made in the Official Journal of January 2009. Namely, any written statements, i.e. amicus curiae briefs, had to be filed by the end of April 2009.

Around a hundred amicus curiae briefs have been submitted, including briefs by Accenture, the Association for Competitive Technology (ACT), the American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA), the International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property (AIPPI), Apple Inc., BT, BUSINESSEUROPE, Canonical Group Ltd, the Computer & Communication Industry Association (CCIA), Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys (CIPA), the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), DIGITALEUROPE, Ericsson, the European Patent Institute (epi), the Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII), the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE), the International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI), France Télécom, IBM, the Irish Free Software Organisation (IFSO), ITechLaw, the Japan Intellectual Property Association (JIPA), Prof. Donald Knuth, Licensing Executives Society International (LESI), Microsoft Corporation and General Electric Company, Philips, the Pirate Party, Pitney Bowes, the Polish Patent Office, Red Hat, SAP, Siemens, Prof. Joseph Straus, the UNION of European Practitioners in Industrial Property, and the United Kingdom.

Reception to the referral and further developments
According to the New York Times, the referral had been welcomed "by lawyers and software engineers alike".

After the referral, the England and Wales Court of Appeal did not give the UK Intellectual Property Office (UK-IPO) leave to appeal to the House of Lords regarding the Symbian's Patent Application case, "because in its view it would be premature for the House of Lords to decide what computer programs are patentable before the issue has been considered by the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the [EPO]."

Interlocutory decision of 16 October 2009
In an interlocutory decision of 16 October 2009, the Enlarged Board of Appeal dealt with an objection of partiality raised in an amicus brief. The objection of partiality was against a particular member of the Board, Dai Rees, and against the Board as a whole. The Enlarged Board of Appeal concluded that there was "no reason to exclude Mr Rees from its composition in case G 3/08 or to replace further members." The original composition of the Board therefore remained unchanged.

Opinion
The reasons for the opinion first address the admissibility of the referral. After considering that the President of the EPO had not forfeited her right to a referral because the preceding President, Alain Pompidou, had declined in 2007 to refer questions to the Enlarged Board Appeal (when suggested to do so by British judge Lord Justice Jacob), the Board considered the referred questions to be undoubtedly of fundamental importance under . The Board goes on by writing that the president's right of referral to the Enlarged Board does not extend to means of replacing Board of Appeal rulings with the decision of a putatively higher instance, as  /  does not constitute a further instance ranking above the Boards of Appeal within the EPC judicial system. According to the Board, "[the EPO's Boards of Appeal] are ... assigned interpretative supremacy with regard to the EPC in terms of its scope of application". The notion of "legal development" and its normal character are also addressed, in the context of the reference to "different decisions" in , a requirement considered crucial for the referral to be admissible. The Board then concludes its "fundamental considerations on the interpretation of Article 112(1)(b) EPC" (before considering the questions of the referral themselves) as follows:
"the President [of the European Patent Office] has no right of referral under Article 112(1)(b) EPC simply in order to intervene, on whatever grounds, in mere legal development if on an interpretation of the notion of "different decisions" in the sense of conflicting decisions there is no need for correction to establish legal certainty."

Reactions

Justine Pila argued that the basis for this decision is an interpretation of Article 112(1)(b) that is inconsistent with the principles of Articles 31 and 33 of the Vienna Convention, and that it offends the constitutional principles from which it was expressly derived. Namely she criticizes that the Boards’ approach
suffers from the same faulty logic for which the EBA criticized the President’s referral,
lacks doctrinal and theoretical coherence, and
is incapable of producing legal certainty, either within the EPC or national (European) patent systems.
She concluded by criticizing the opinion, stating notably that "the EBA [had] rendered a decision that is higher on democratic language than democratic content" and that "the only hope is for the European or national Legislatures to recognize that “judiciary-driven legal development” within the EPO has indeed met its limits".

See also
 List of decisions of the EPO Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC
 G 1/19, referral dealing with the patentability of computer-implemented simulations

References and notes

Further reading
  Swen Kiesewetter-Köbinger, "Anmerkungen zu neuesten Softwarepatententscheidungen EPA G_3/08 und BGH, Beschl. v. 22. April 2010 – Dynamische Dokumentengenerierung", GB - Der Grüne Bote, July 2010, pp. 201–206.
 Reinier B. Bakels, 'Software Patentability: What Are the Right Questions?', 31 EIPR 2009, p. 514-522.

External links
 Complete file, including the referral from the President of the EPO and the opinion of the Enlarged Board of Appeal
 Referral as published in the Official Journal of the EPO: Referral by the President of the European Patent Office to the Enlarged Board of Appeal dated 23 October 2008 regarding divergent decisions of two boards of appeal, OJ EPO 3/2009, pp. 142–166
 G3/08: amicus curiae briefs
 Opinion of the Enlarged Board of Appeal (G 3/08), EPO website

 Enlarged Board's area of the EPO website (to use the Enlarged Board of Appeal's own words, in G 3/08, Summary of the proceedings, II. 1)

Software patent case law
G 2008 3
2008 in case law
2008 in Europe


Nils Erik Flakstad (23 March 1876 – 9 December 1939) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Åmot as the son of a businessman. His maternal grandfather was Nils Jønsberg. He finished his secondary education in Hamar in 1894, enrolled in law studies and graduated as cand.jur. in 1899. He worked in Moss for two years before being hired as an attorney in Hamar in 1901. He was then CEO of the local savings bank from 1911 to 1931, and CEO of the local brewery from 1921 to 1937. From 1927 he was a member of the board of employers' organisation Norwegian Brewers as well as of Vinmonopolet.

Flakstad was a member of Hamar city council from 1919 to 1922 and 1928 to 1931. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1922 and 1925, representing the Market towns of Hedmark and Oppland counties. From 1926 to 1927 he was the President of the Lagting. As such he chaired the Constitutional Court of the Realm during the impeachment case towards former Prime Minister Abraham Berge and six of his cabinet members. All seven were found not guilty.

Flakstad also served as a delegate to the Inter-Parliamentary Union Congress in Paris, France in 1927.

References

1876 births
1939 deaths
People from Åmot
People from Hamar
Members of the Storting
Hedmark politicians
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Norwegian bankers


The National Center of Polar Research is a specialized body established by the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski ", working together with Bulgarian Antarctic Institute in 2008 to appropriate the state budget funds allocated to polar scientific exploration, granted through the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Environment and Waters of Bulgaria.

See also
 Bulgarian Antarctic Institute
 Antarctic Place-names Commission

References
 Decision by the Academic Council of Sofia University on the establishment of the National Center of Polar Research (in Bulgarian)

Research institutes in Bulgaria
Sofia University


John Walter Denton Oliver (13 April 1918 – 15 December 1973) was an international motorcycle speedway rider who qualified for the Speedway World Championship finals three times.

Career summary
Oliver started speedway in 1945 and was given guidance and support from pre war rider Bob Harrison. In 1946 he joined the Belle Vue Aces. After an impressive first two seasons he was called up to race for England in the 1947-1948 Ashes test series in Australia.

In 1949 Oliver reached the first of his three World final appearances but in 1951 he announced his retirement. In 1951 he was tempted into riding again by the Bradford Tudors. Belle Vue signed him up again at the start of 1952 but he later rejoined the Tudors and remained there until he retired in 1954. He came out of retirement in 1956 to ride nine meetings for the Tudors but again retired.

In 1963, at the age of forty-five he returned to racing for the Sheffield Tigers in the Provincial League following a call from Frank Varey. He stayed there for two seasons until 1965 when the Belle Vue Aces used him for a few matches that season. He finally retired at the end of 1965 but remained on the staff at Belle Vue. He became team manager and  in 1970, 1971 and 1972 the team won the British League.

In 1973 Dent suffered a serious deterioration in his health and died in December.

World final appearances
 1949 -  London, Wembley Stadium - 16th - 0pts
 1950 -  London, Wembley Stadium - 11th - 6pts
 1953 -  London, Wembley Stadium - Res - 1pt

References

1918 births
1973 deaths
British speedway riders
English motorcycle racers
Belle Vue Aces riders
Bradford Tudors riders
Sheffield Tigers riders


The former Embassy of Germany in Saint Petersburg is considered the earliest and most influential example of Stripped Classicism. Designed by Peter Behrens, it was built to house the diplomatic mission of the German Empire in Saint Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire. After the relocation by the Bolsheviks of the Soviet capital from Petrograd (as Saint Petersburg was then known) to Moscow, it served as a consulate of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Located at 11/41 Saint Isaac's Square () in the Tsentralny District of Saint Petersburg, the building now houses the offices of two Russian government agencies.

History of the site

In the 1740s, a two-storey building was erected by Nikita Shestakov on the site which is today at 11/41 Saint Isaac's Square. In 1743 Shestakov sold the building to merchant Fedot Stepanov and from the 1760s to 1812 it was owned by a jeweller to the court of the Russian Empire. From 1815 to 1820, renowned Russian architect Vasily Stasov redesigned the house in the Empire style common in Russia during this period.

In 1832, General-Adjutant Pavel Konstantinovich Aleksandrov, the illegitimate son of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, purchased the building and lived there with his wife Anna Alexandrovna. The couple regularly held balls in the residence, with frequent visitors including Alexander Pushkin. The house was passed onto their daughter, Princess Alexandra Pavlovna Lvova, wife of Prince Dmitry Aleksandrovich Lvov, and between 1870 and 1871 the facade of the building was designed in Eclectic style by Ferdinand Müller.

German Embassy

In 1873, the German Ambassador declared an intention to acquire the building from Princess Lvova and the building was bought by the German Empire for housing the German Embassy to the Russian Empire that same year. The Germans commissioned architect Rudolf Bernhard to redecorate the buildings interiors, and in 1889 Ivan Schlupp redesigned the building by adding a second floor over a part of the facade on Bolshaya Morskaya Street.

In 1911–1913 the building was again redesigned, this time in Neoclassical style by German architect Peter Behrens, as a grandiose monument to the power of a unified Germany. Behrens' design, which Albert Speer reported Adolf Hitler admired, saw the facade of the building being built in red granite, the frontispiece, reminiscent of Ancient Greek architecture, was completed with 14 columns, and decorated with pilasters. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe served as construction manager on the project, and sculptor Eberhard Enke created the Castor and Pollux sculpture, symbolising the reunion of the German nation, which adorned the tympanum. Other prominent German masters created paintings, sculptures and fretwork to adorn the building. The Embassy building was officially opened on 14 January 1913.

The artistic community in Saint Petersburg held negative opinions of the building, with prominent members of the community, Alexandre Benois, Nikolay Wrangel and Georgy Lukomsky, criticising the Teutonic style of the building as being hostile to the architectural style of the city, and due to it differing greatly from the Russian neoclassical revival style.

It was rumoured at the time that the Embassy was linked to the German–owned Hotel Astoria via a tunnel, and on 1–2 August 1914, after Germany declared war on Russia, crowds stormed the building as anti-German sentiment took hold in the city. The building sustained considerable damage, with crowds torching the throne room of Kaiser Wilhelm II, destroying Greek and Italian art work and a collection of Sèvres porcelain. The Dioskouroi sculpture from the roof disappeared during this time, and rumours abounded that it was dumped in the Moika River by the crowd, however, researchers have been unable to find any fragments of the sculpture in the river.

After the war, the Germans returned to the city in 1922, at the time known as Petrograd, and operated a consulate from the building, representing the Weimar Republic and later Nazi Germany, until 1939. During the Siege of Leningrad, the Red Army operated a hospital in the premises, and after the Great Patriotic War it housed the Institute of Semiconductor Physics. Later tenants of the building have included Intourist, Dresdner Bank and the Committee for the Management of City Property of the Saint Petersburg City Administration (). Today the building houses the Administration Board of the Ministry of Justice and the Chief Technical Commission to the President of the Russian Federation for the Northwestern Federal District.

Restoration of the building began in 2001, and with the support of Rossvyazokhrankultura and Governor Valentina Matvienko, in a project estimated at 170 million rubles, a group of restorers led by OOO «StroyTREST» are planning to recreate the Dioskouroi sculpture for placement on the tympanum of the building. Plans have been in the works for several years to replace the sculpture, and the warm relations between Russia and Germany have created the right political atmosphere for the restoration of the building to its former glory.

See also
 Germany–Russia relations
 Embassy of Germany, Moscow

References

Saint Petersburg
Germany
Houses completed in 1913
Saint Isaac's Square
Germany–Russia relations
Germany–Soviet Union relations
Vasily Stasov buildings and structures
Neoclassical architecture in Russia
Stripped Classical architecture
Peter Behrens