Gyeongin National University of Education (GINUE) (경인교육대학교) is a teacher training institution for future public elementary school teachers in South Korea. It was founded on May 23, 1946 under the name of Gaeseong School of Education in Gyeonggi-do (경기도립 개성사범학교). In 2003, the institution changed its name from Inchon National University of Education (INUE) (인천교육대학교) to Gyeongin National University of Education. The university is the largest educational institute for training future elementary school teachers in Korea.

The university has two campuses: Incheon campus in Gyesan-dong, Gyeyang-gu, Incheon, and Gyeonggi campus in Seoksu-dong, Manan-gu, Anyang in Gyeonggi-do. The university offers graduate and undergraduate programs, and has an elementary school attached.

History

On 23 May 1946, the school was founded as the Gaeseong School of Education in GyeongGi-Do (경기도립 개성사범학교). The fourth graduation ceremony took place on 25 March 1952, with 621 people graduating. On 28 June 1952 the school changed its name to the Inchon National School of Education (국립 인천사범학교), and its change of location was approved. On 10 April 1957 an affiliated elementary school opened (인천사범학교 부속국민학교).

The tenth graduation ceremony took place on 12 February 1962, with 2,142 graduates. The Inchon College of Education (인천교육대학) opened on 26 March 1962, and on 1 March 1963 the college opened an affiliated training center for Elementary School Teachers (부설초등교육연수원).

On 1 March 1982, the college was elevated to a four-year college. On 30 July 1990 the college moved to a new campus in Gyesan-dong. On 1 March 1993 the college changed its name to the Inchon National University of Education (인천교육대학교). On 16 August 1995 the university opened a Life-Long Education Center (대학 부설 평생교육원), followed by a graduate school of education on 2 March 1996.

In 1998 and 2002, the university was ranked first nationally in an evaluation of domestic universities by the newspaper JoongAng Ilbo. In 2000 the university was named the best university in another evaluation of education universities and graduate schools in the country.

On 1 March 2003, the university again changed its name, from Inchon National University of Education to Gyeongin National University of Education (경인교육대학교). On 18 May 2004, the university opened a Distant Education and Training Support Center (부설 교육대학 원격 교육·연수지원센터). On 17 September 2004, the university was selected as an excellent specialized university in the metropolitan area. In March 2005 the university opened a new campus in Gyeonggi campus.
On 8 February 2007, the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development selected the university as the best university of education and graduate school of education. It was also selected for the fifth time in the 5-year Metropolitan area universities specialization project in May 2008.

On 25 August 2008, the university was named the best university in an evaluation of faculty academic achievements at national universities. Dr. Dong-Gweon Chung was inaugurated as the fifth president on 31 March 2009. On 20 April 2009, the university was chosen as a member university in the national project of college-educational capability reinforcement.

Academics

Undergraduate College

Due to the university's specialized purpose, the undergraduate college only offers one major, in Elementary Education. However, students can also choose from specialized courses, which cover deeper educational techniques in specific areas. Departments offering specialized courses include Ethics Education, Korean Education, Social Studies Education, Mathematics Education, Science Education, Physical Education, Music Education, Art Education, Practical Arts Education, Computer Education, Education, Early Childhood, and English Education.

Graduate school

The graduate school of education opened on 2 March 1996 in order to produce competent educators for the advancement of elementary education. There are currently 305 full-time students enrolled majoring in 15 different programs, including majors in Elementary Education Administration, Elementary Education methods, Special Elementary Education, Elementary School Counseling, Elementary Ethics Education, Elementary Korean Education, Elementary Social Education, Elementary Mathematics Education, Elementary Science Education, Elementary Physical Education, Elementary Music Education, Elementary Arts Education, Elementary Practical Arts Education, Elementary Computer Education, Elementary English Education.

See also
List of national universities in South Korea
List of universities and colleges in South Korea
Education in Korea

References

External links
 Gyeongin National University of Education Official Website
 Gyeongin National University of Education Official English Website

Gyeyang District
Universities and colleges in Incheon
Universities and colleges in Gyeonggi Province
National universities of education in South Korea
Universities and colleges established in 1946
1946 establishments in Korea


Mark Naison (born 1946) is a professor of history at Fordham University, the Jesuit University of New York.

Naison, a former political activist, was a member of Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in the 1960s. He is a graduate of Columbia University and holds a Ph.D. in American history.

Early life
Mark D. Naison was born in 1946 in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York. As the only child of Jewish intellectuals (both schoolteachers), Mark D. Naison had an easy childhood. Although he was happy as a child, Naison felt ostracized from his peers because his parents put such an importance on intelligence. Naison rebelled and turned to sports as an outlet and to help him fit in better with the neighbor kids.

Early Days at Columbia University
Naison entered Columbia University in the fall of 1962. By the end of his freshman year, he began to feel like he had to oppose racial segregation more actively. By the fall of 1963, he joined the Columbia chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). CORE is a civil rights organization that was pivotal in the United States, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s. CORE was started in 1942 and was open to "anyone who believes that 'all people are created equal' and is willing to work towards the ultimate goal of true equality throughout the world." CORE quickly became one of the university's biggest political-action groups. He signed up to tutor and help organize tenants in East Harlem. He earned his BA and MA in American History at Columbia in June 1966 and June 1967, respectively. Naison went on to earn his Ph.D. in American History from Columbia in January 1976.

Students for a Democratic Society
By 1967, Naison was participating in anti-war activities sponsored by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). Although Naison was against the Vietnam War, he had objections to SDS's political style. He felt that they were too wrapped up in Marxist thinking and not concerned enough with the human aspect of the war. In the spring of 1967, SDS held a demonstration against the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) on the Columbia campus. Naison participated in the demonstration, but to distinguish himself from SDS members, he wore his athletic jacket and carried a sign saying "jocks for peace". In February 1968 Naison was arrested for civil disobedience at a protest on the Columbia campus at the proposed Harlem site for the new gym. In April of that same year, Naison's father and Martin Luther King Jr. died within two weeks of each other. Both of these deaths had profound impacts on Naison. At this point in his life he decided that he needed to be more involved in radical politics. Two weeks after King’s death there was another protest against the gym and again Naison participated. This time it was organized by the Columbia chapter of SDS and SAS (Student African-American Society). Mark Rudd, SDS's leader, urged the group (of almost 500) to seize buildings to make sure their voices were heard. They soon overtook Hamilton Hall, giving them leverage that no other demonstration had ever held. During the building occupation, Naison spoke briefly about the historical context of the march. During his speech he said that "the forces opposing university expansion have the upper hand. Let's not leave this building until we get some serious concessions." During the protest, Naison realized that while he did not necessarily agree with SDS's contempt for white protesters, he also felt that their tactics in the gym protest were far more effective, a realization that led him to join SDS after the strike. After he joined, Naison was asked by Rudd to use his knowledge of African-American and labor movement history to argue that the nationalist impulse was a progressive force in African-American life in SDS's leadership's fight against the Progressive Labor Movement. The PLM (generally referred to as PL) included members of SDS who were arguing that black nationalism was reactionary and that no revolution could be built with separate black and white wings. By that fall, Naison had taken on an even greater role in SDS, both in the regional offices and nationally. He participated in many protests and attended the SDS national convention in Chicago in 1969.

When the group calling itself Weatherman was instituted at the SDS national convention in Chicago, Naison was there. Naison even joined another member of the group to sign a lease on a house in South Brooklyn. Naison participated in discussions for the Days of Rage to be held in Chicago in the fall of 1969. On a Saturday in October 1969 all that changed. Naison was in a park with a group of friends, and while there they met a group of teenagers. They started talking and soon learned that a café across the way would not serve them because they looked like hippies. Furious, Naison and the others marched into the café and demanded that they be served. The police were called and a fight ensued resulting in eleven arrests. After a couple of days in jail, Naison was released on bail (by his comrades) with the assumption that he would contact a gym teacher at a local school to get the word out about the Days of Rage. Naison did not want to put his life on the line and be back in jail within the week. After tangling with members of the Weatherman, Naison ceased associating with the group.

Naison was briefly investigated by the FBI. According to his memoir, the FBI bugged his house electronically and tried to question his neighbors, who, however, refused to say anything about him. After three days, the FBI was satisfied that he was no longer in the Weatherman and they left him alone. Naison lost one of his dearest friends, Ted Gold, during the accidental explosion of a Greenwich Village townhouse by an amateur SDS bomb-making group. Kathy Boudin, in the house at the time, had been one of his favorite contacts in the New York Collective, and she survived the blast. In his grief over the loss of Gold, Naison wrote a poem, published in Radical America, as a tribute to his fallen friend.
"I remember Ted Gold best...
"He is dead...
Of a bomb meant for better targets..."

Presently
Asked about his arrest during the Columbia incident, Naison replied, "Getting arrested to protest Columbia's attempt to build a gym in a Harlem Park was something I was proud of at the time—and am still proud of now." Naison claims that his only regret in life has been not leaving Weatherman when they started talking about getting rid of monogamy.

Naison has been on the faculty of Fordham University in New York City since 1970, where he is Professor of African American Studies and History, Director of the Bronx African American History Project, and has served as Director of Urban Studies. His most popular course at Fordham, "From Rock & Roll to Hip Hop: Urban Youth Cultures in Post War America", was the subject of an interview with him on National Public Radio.

He has written over a hundred articles  and published three books on urban history, African-American History, and the history of sports. Naison has also appeared on The O'Reilly Factor, Chappelle's Show, and the Discovery Channel's The Greatest American. He has also been an outspoken critic of Teach for America.

Naison is co-founder of the Badass Teachers Association, a group dedicated to fighting the Common Core Curriculum and corporate influences on American education.

Publications

 Communists in Harlem During the Depression (1984)
 White Boy: A Memoir (2002)
 It Takes a Village to Raise a Child: Growing Up in the Patterson Houses in the 1950s - An Interview with Archibald Good" (2003) - Published in the Spring 2003 issue of the Bronx County Historical Journal
 From Doo Wop to Hip Hop: The Bittersweet Odyssey of African Americans in the South Bronx"  (2004) - Published in the Spring 2004 issue of the Bronx County Historical Journal
 Pure Bronx (2013) - Co-written with Melissa Castillo-Garsow
 Badass Teachers Unite! Writing on Education, History, and Youth Activism (2014)
 Before the Fires: An Oral History of African American Life in the Bronx from the 1930s to the 1960s (2016) - Co-written with Bob Gumbs

Notes

References
 Mark D. Naison, "White Boy, A Memoir," (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002)
 Harvey Pekar, "Students for a Democratic Society, A Graphic History," (New York: Hill and Wang, 2008)
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080905090036/http://www.fordham.edu/history/faculty/naison.shtml
 "New York Times" February 29, 1968, p. 44

External links
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRN7oZPmZRM
 http://www.temple.edu/tempress/authors/1532_qa.html
 http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1532_reg.html

 http://scholar.library.miami.edu/sixties/videos.php?seriesTitle=Civil+Rights+Movement&category=Civil+Rights+Movement
 Mark Naison's blog
 Mark Naison's Fordham University faculty page

1946 births
Living people
Members of Students for a Democratic Society
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Jewish American historians
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Fordham University faculty
Black studies scholars
Historians of race relations
Historians of New York City
Activists from New York City
People from Crown Heights, Brooklyn
Historians from New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American Jews


Kajan is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Belsh. The population at the 2011 census was 3,925. The municipal unit consists of the villages Dragot-Fushë, Lisaj, Kajan, Dragot, Gjinuk, Gjolene, Turbull, Çestije, Merhoj and Idriz.

References

Administrative units of Belsh
Former municipalities in Elbasan County
Villages in Elbasan County


Edward Bazalgette is a British television director and former musician.

Biography
Bazalgette was the lead guitarist in the 1980s rock group The Vapors, whose hit "Turning Japanese" remains a popular one-hit wonder. He later became a film editor, television producer and director. In 2003, the BBC commissioned a seven part series of documentaries called The Seven Wonders of the Industrial World. Edward Bazalgette directed and produced the documentary The Sewer King which charted his great-great-grandfather Sir Joseph Bazalgette's design and engineering of the London sewers. His third cousin Peter Bazalgette later presented a show for Five called The Great Stink.

He has also directed two drama documentaries for the BBC, Genghis Khan (2005) and Hannibal (2006). He has also directed episodes of EastEnders and Holby City, as well as location films for Top Gear. In 2013, he directed The Guilty and one episode of the first series of Endeavour, and in 2014 directed Poldark with Will McGregor.

In 2015, he directed two episodes of the ninth series of Doctor Who ("The Girl Who Died" and "The Woman Who Lived") as well as "The Doctor's Meditation", a prequel for the series. He also directed the 2016 Christmas special of Doctor Who, "The Return of Doctor Mysterio". In addition, he directed the first three episodes of the Doctor Who spinoff  Class in 2016.

In 2019 he directed four episodes of the historical drama The Last Kingdom, based on the book series by Bernard Cornwell.

In 2021, Bazalgette directed two episodes of The Witcher.

References

External links

Trailer for Poldark 2015
Guardian article on The Guilty

Living people
British television producers
British television directors
British rock guitarists
British male guitarists
1960 births


Standards for Better Health were a set of standards for the National Health Service in England.  The standards were set out by the Department of Health of the United Kingdom in a document of the same name published in 2004.  NHS trusts had to declare their level of compliance with these standards to the Healthcare Commission annually as part of the Commission's "annual health check".  The standards were replaced from 2009/10 by registration criteria established by the Department of Health and Care Quality Commission, which took over from the Healthcare Commission on 1 April 2009.

Domains

The standards were listed under seven headings or "domains", three of which focused on "patient experience":

Safety
Clinical and cost effectiveness
Governance (both clinical governance and corporate governance)
Patient focus
Accessible and responsive care
Care environment and amenities
Public health

Standards

The standards were divided into 24 core and 13 developmental standards.  Compliance with the core standards had always been mandatory but the approach taken by the Department of Health and Healthcare Commission with respect to the developmental standards varied.

References

National Health Service


Al-Ghat (), also Alghat, El-Ghat or Elghat, is a small town in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. It is located  by road northwest of Riyadh. As of the 2016 census it had a population of 16500  people.

A joint Saudi-Belgian Mission (2013–14) confirmed the archaeological, epigraphic and historic high potential of the Al-Ghat region.

See also

 List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
 Regions of Saudi Arabia

References

Populated places in Riyadh Province


Grekan is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Belsh. The population at the 2011 census was 3,138. The municipal unit consists of the villages Deshiran, Grekan, Guras and Rrenes.

References

Administrative units of Belsh
Former municipalities in Elbasan County
Villages in Elbasan County


The women's alpine skiing giant slalom event was part of the alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics programme. It was the first appearance of the event at the Olympics. The competition was held on Thursday, 14 February 1952 at Norefjell ski area and started at 1 p.m. Forty-five alpine skiers from 15 nations competed.

Results
Thursday, 14 February 1952

References

External links
Official Olympic Report

Women's alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics
Oly
Alp


Amphibians found in the U.S. State of Colorado include wild salamanders, frogs, and toads.

Salamanders

Frogs

*Although it bears the common name "toad", Gastrophryne olivacea is taxonomically a frog.

†Bullfrogs are an introduced and invasive species in Colorado.

Toads

See also

Bibliography of Colorado
Geography of Colorado
History of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
List of Colorado-related lists
Outline of Colorado

References

External links

State of Colorado
Colorado Parks and Wildlife
CPW List of Threatened and Endangered species in Colorado
Colorado Herpetological Society

Lists of fauna of Colorado
Colorado, List of amphibians of


Old Fort Duquesne, or, Captain Jack, the Scout is an historical novel by the American writer Charles McKnight (1826 - 1881) set in 1750s Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The novel tells the story of Captain Jack, a scout and Indian fighter, who is the protagonist of this retelling of the events of Fort Duquesne during the French and Indian War.

External links
 Old Fort Duquesne, or, Captain Jack, the Scout (1873) at the University of Pittsburgh

1873 American novels
Novels set in the 1750s
Novels set in Pittsburgh


The 2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, Malaysia was an A1 Grand Prix race held at Sepang International Circuit, Sepang, Malaysia.

Pre-race
Because Great Britain, India and Mexico had only joined the season at the Chinese round, they were permitted to take part in a special practice session on November 20. In the wet conditions, Narain Karthikeyan was the fastest driver just in front of Danny Watts. Davíd Garza Pérez was the slowest with 3 seconds.

Drivers

Qualifying
The qualifying sessions were the first to utilise the new "joker" Qualifying lap rule – where the driver has PowerBoost available for use over an entire qualifying lap, to be used in any session at the team's discretion.

(1) : Australia received a two-place grid penalty for the Sprint race for using a non-approved part in practice.

Sprint Race
Following a major crash at the first start, involving  USA,  Brazil and  India, and the pack slowed down after it seemed to have accelerated off, the race was delayed 30 minutes for track cleanup, and reduced to 11 laps.

This Sprint Race was the first this season to utilise the new Sprint Race pit-stop rule, the windows always set for Laps 4–8.

Race red-flagged after the start because of accident.

Feature Race
The second pit stop window was set for Laps 20–28.  Switzerland were sent to the back of the grid for having a brake cooler in too long before the start, and a pit crew violation during the Sprint Race pit-stop.

Notes
 It was the 35th race weekend (70 starts).
 It was the 4th race in Malaysia, and the 4th at Sepang International Circuit.
 It was the first race weekend as rookie driver for  Stefano Coletti,  J. R. Hildebrand,  Armando Parente and  Ashley Walsh.
Records
 Switzerland scored their 9th pole position as Neel Jani.
 Neel Jani scored their 7th fastest lap.

References

External links
Switzerland's Sepang Sprint
Sprint race: as it happened
Sprint race results
Feature Glory for Ireland
Feature race results

A1 Grand Prix Of Nations, Malaysia, 2008-09
A1 Grand Prix
Motorsport competitions in Malaysia


Donald Arthur Schulze (born September 27, 1962) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher and current minor league pitching coach.

Schulze graduated from Lake Park High School in 1981. He pitched all or part of six seasons in the majors, between  and , for the Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, New York Yankees, and San Diego Padres. He also pitched three seasons in Japan: from  until  for the Orix BlueWave. He currently serves as the pitching coach for the Lansing Lugnuts.

Since , Schulze has worked in the Oakland Athletics organization as a pitching coach. He was with the Arizona League Athletics in 2006, the Kane County Cougars in 2007 to 2008, and the Stockton Ports in 2009 to 2010. In November 2010, he was named to the staff of the Midland RockHounds. He was moved to the Beloit Snappers for the 2018 and 2019 seasons, and to the Lugnuts from 2021 onward.

Notes

Sources
, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)

1962 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Baseball players from Illinois
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Chicago Cubs players
Cleveland Indians players
Columbus Clippers players
Gulf Coast Cubs players
Iowa Cubs players
Maine Guides players
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Mets players
New York Yankees players
Orix BlueWave players
Orix Braves players
People from Roselle, Illinois
Quad Cities Cubs players
Rochester Red Wings players
Salinas Spurs players
San Diego Padres players
Tidewater Tides players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Toledo Mud Hens players


The Valle Po (literally "Po valley") is a valley of the Cottian Alps in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont, northern Italy.

Geography
The valley gives rise to the longest river in Italy, the Po, before it enters the Pianura Padana (or Plain of the Po). It has a length of some 32 km, from Saluzzo to Crissolo, and is home to the Monviso mountain. It is bounded by the Val Pellice, Valle Varaita and the Valle del Guil. The head of the valley is located at the Traversette pass (Colle delle Traversette) (2950 m above sea level). The valley descends through the King's plain (Pian del Re) (2020 m), where the Po river has its source.

See also
Occitan Valleys

Po
Po


SPARQL Syntax Expressions (alternatively, SPARQL S-Expressions) is a parse tree (a.k.a. concrete syntax) for representing SPARQL Algebra expressions.

Application
They have been used to apply the BERT language model to create SPARQL queries from natural language questions.

External links
 SPARQL Algebra in the W3C SPARQL Query Specification
 SPARQL Syntax Expressions in the ARQ query engine
 SPARQL Validator that can also print the Algebra expressions
 SPARQL Syntax Expressions translations of the DAWG test suite

References

SPARQL
RDF data access


Then & Now is the seventh studio album by Tongan-American family band The Jets, released on August 25, 1998, by Cold Front, a subsidiary of K-tel International, Inc.

At this point, the band only had four of the original members remaining but also had three new members, all younger siblings of the older members. It featured five new songs: "No Time to Lose", "That's Why God Made the Moon", "The Truth", "Ooh Baby", and "Sacrifice". While it is an album of entirely new recordings, it functions more as a greatest hits compilation, given that 7 of its 12 tracks are re-recordings of their top singles from the 1980's. The album did not sell nearly as well as their previous efforts, with only around 50,000 copies sold to date.

Track listing
 "Curiosity" (Jerry Knight, Aaron Zigman) – 4:43
 "Crush on You" (Jerry Knight, Aaron Zigman) – 4:16
 "Make It Real" (Rick Kelly, Linda Mallah, Don Powell) – 4:20
 "Rocket 2 U" (Bobby Nunn) – 4:19
 "Cross My Broken Heart" (Stephen Bray, Tommy Pierce) – 4:08
 "You Got It All" (Rupert Holmes) – 4:22
 "I Do You" (Rick Kelly, Linda Mallah) – 3:37
 "No Time To Lose" (Elizabeth Wolfgramm, Leroy Wolfgramm) - 3:33
 "That's Why God Made the Moon" (John Elefante) – 4:28
 "The Truth" (Cathy Massey, Claire Massey, Mark Jiaras, Mike Chapman, Tommy Gawenda) - 4:02
 "Ooh Baby" (Elizabeth Wolfgramm, Leroy Wolfgramm) - 3:55
 "Sacrifice" (Mike Chapman) - 3:31

1998 albums
The Jets (band) albums


"Going to a Town" is a song written and performed by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright. It was the first single from the album Release the Stars, released on April 3, 2007, in the United States and on May 7 in the United Kingdom.

Music video
The music video for the song was directed by Sophie Muller, who also directed Wainwright's first music video ("April Fools"). The video premiered in April 2007, and Logo aired a 20-minute feature on the making of the video on April 27, 2007 (Making the Video: Going to a Town). The video begins with Wainwright as a D.H. Lawrence-like character, sitting alone at a table in an isolated room. As the video progresses, a large bouquet of roses appears and viewers see Wainwright with a bed cot. Three women emerge, dressed in black clothing and veils, visibly mourning the loss of their husbands. At times, their presence is abstract, digitally projected as if they exist only in Wainwright's character's mind. Other times, Wainwright is physically interacting with them within the same room.

Viewers then see images of the roses burning, the women crying, and catching Wainwright as he falls to the ground. With light cast upon him from a single window, they place a laurel wreath on his head. As his arms are spread out and straight across, and light is cast upon him as if by divine intervention, this image is clearly meant to symbolize a crucifixion.

In Making the Video, Wainwright discusses the various images and elements depicted in the music video. He states the
song is "an emotional reaction to a lover you had a fight with", and is about "mourning" and "moving on to bigger and better things." The three women in the video represent three widows, an element he took from Mozart's The Magic Flute. One woman represents Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, another Frida Kahlo, and the third a more abstract, "fairy tale-like" woman from The Magic Flute. Later in the interview, Wainwright states the women represent The Three Graces. He claims the burning roses symbolize "purification by fire", representing the United States--"beautiful, but thorny." Admitting "Going to a Town" is more about birth than destruction, he believes Americans (at the time the video was made) need to "change things" and "make sacrifices". The laurel wreath, he says, also represents the US, which "dominates the planet but is in peril of losing democracy."

In the video, Wainwright wears a suit created by American fashion designer Marc Jacobs.

Track listing
US digital single
"Going to a Town"

UK digital single
"Going to a Town"
"Low Grade Happiness"

Chart performance
In the UK, "Going to a Town" entered the UK Singles Chart on May 5, 2007, at number 68. The following week (May 26), the track reached its highest position at number 54. "Going to a Town" lasted on the chart for two weeks total, and failed to chart in any other countries.

Personnel

 Rufus Wainwright – vocals, piano, string arrangement
 David Adorjan – cello
 Gabriel Adorjan – violin
 Ozan Cakar – French horn
 Florian Dorpholz – trumpet
 Jason Hart – organ
 Jeff Hill – upright bass
 Matt Johnson – drums
 Raphael Mentzen – trumpet

 Larry Mullins – shaker, triangle, marimba
 Jack Petruzelli – banjo
 Julianna Raye – backing vocals
 Rachel Rilling – violin
 Lucy Roche – backing vocals
 Raphael Sachs – viola
 Richard Thompson – electric guitar
 Joan Wasser – backing vocals, violin

Other appearances
Live at KEXP – Volume Four (2008)
In the end credits of Tom at the Farm

George Michael version

George Michael performed "Going to a Town" during his 2011–12 Symphonica Tour and included it on the deluxe edition of his Symphonica album in 2014. "Going to a Town" was sent to radio on April 7, 2014, and the music video for the song was released on April 15, 2014.

Track listing
Promotional single
"Going to a Town" (Radio Edit) – 4:15
"Going to a Town" (Album Version) – 4:45

Release history

Other cover versions

 Lily Allen, on YouTube with a video of the Women's March in London
Salma Hayek, as performed in the film soundtrack for Americano
Mandy Patinkin, on his album Diary: January 27, 2018, produced by Thomas Bartlett (substituting "Jerusalem" for "America" in the lyric).

References

External links
Rufus Wainwright's official site
Rufus Wainwright at Geffen Records
Rufus Wainwright about 'Going to a Town' in 2019, Youtube video

2007 songs
2007 singles
2014 singles
Rufus Wainwright songs
George Michael songs
Songs written by Rufus Wainwright
Song recordings produced by Rufus Wainwright
Song recordings produced by George Michael
Music videos directed by Sophie Muller
Geffen Records singles
Songs about the United States


Paul Smith Callaway,  (August 16, 1909 – March 21, 1995)  was a prominent American organist and choral conductor, particularly well known for his thirty-eight years at the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C., between 1939–1977. A friend of Leonard Bernstein and Ned Rorem, he was also active in opera and a frequent guest conductor of the Lake George Opera Company (now Saratoga Opera) and was the founding musical director of the Opera Society of Washington in 1956, now the renowned Washington National Opera. By the time of his death in 1995, he was acclaimed for his great influence on the musical life of the nation's capital. In 1977, Callaway was appointed an Honorary Officer of The Order of the British Empire (OBE) and invested by Ambassador Peter Jay on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II.

Early years and education
Born in Atlanta, Illinois, in 1909, Callaway attended Westminster College, Missouri, and subsequently studied organ with T. Tertius Noble (1930–1935), followed by studies with Leo Sowerby at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago and then Marcel Dupré in Paris. While pursuing his advanced studies, Callaway was organist and choirmaster at St. Thomas Chapel in New York (1930–1935) and later St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids, Michigan (1935–1939).

At Washington National Cathedral
On September 1, 1939, Callaway became organist and choirmaster at the Washington National Cathedral, where he founded the Cathedral Choral Society in 1941. During World War II, Callaway was drafted into the Army as a bandmaster in the South Pacific., returning in May 1946.  During his tenure at the Cathedral, Callaway expanded the music program's support of American liturgical music and also oversaw considerable expansion of the organ in the 1950s–1970s as construction of the Cathedral's nave was completed. He was quite short in stature, necessitating the installation of a custom-made adjustable pedalboard operated hydraulically so that the diminutive organist could comfortably reach the pedals of the Washington Cathedral's organ.

Notable appearances

In addition to his principal duties at the Cathedral, Callaway frequently served as a guest conductor at prominent venues. He was a guest conductor of Washington's National Symphony Orchestra and also conducted the world premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti's ballet, The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore in 1956. At New York City's Riverside Church in December 1962, he conducted the world premiere of John La Montaine's religious opera Novellis Novellis about the  Annunciation.
Other La Montaine operas conducted by Callaway at their world premiers were The Shephardes Playe and Play of Herode. Callaway was the founding music director of the Washington National Opera in 1956. He played the solo organ part in the world premiere of Samuel Barber's Toccata Festiva in 1960 with the Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Eugene Ormandy.

On April 17, 1966, Callaway directed the 51-voice choir of the Washington National Cathedral at Westminster Abbey in London. It was the first time an American choral group had sung there and an American flag was raised outside the Abbey for the occasion.

Works
Callaway's works include The Great Organ of Washington Cathedral, recorded in 1974, An hymne of heavenly love, composed in the late-1930s while at St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids., and "Hark! the Glad Sound!" composed in December 1944 for the Cathedral Choral Society.

Retirement and death
Upon Callaway's retirement as the Cathedral's third organist and choirmaster in 1977, he was succeeded by assistant organist Richard Wayne Dirksen, the Canon Precentor. Washington Post music critic Paul Hume said of Callaway at the time, "It seems incontrovertible that he has had a larger influence on the musical life of this city than any other person". Callaway then served as organist and choirmaster at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Washington. He was a member of the Church of the Ascension and Saint Agnes in Washington, where his requiem was held following his death from cancer on March 21, 1995. A memorial tuba rank was installed on the organ of the Church of the Ascension and Saint Agnes in his memory.

References

1909 births
American classical organists
American male organists
Cathedral organists
Westminster College (Missouri) alumni
1995 deaths
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
People from Atlanta, Illinois
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century American musicians
American Conservatory of Music alumni
20th-century organists
20th-century American male musicians
Male classical organists


Bembridae, the deep-water flatheads, are a family of bottom-dwelling ray-finned fishes. They are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

Taxonomy
Bembridae was first proposed as a family in 1873 by the German zoologist Johann Jakob Kaup. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this family within the suborder Platycephaloidei in the order Scorpaeniformes. Other authorities differ and do not consider the Scorpaeniformes to be a valid order because the Perciformes is not monophyletic without the taxa within the Scorpaeniformes being included within it. These authorities consider the Bembridae to belong to the suborder Platycephaloidei, along with the families Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae  within the Perciformes. This family is thought to be more primitive than their close relatives, the true flatheads. Despite the common name, their heads are only slightly flattened and have spiny ridges.

Genera
Bembridae contains 5 recognised genera:

 Bambradon D.S. Jordan & R.E. Richardson, 1908
 Bembradium Gilbert, 1905
 Bembras Cuvier, 1829
 Brachybembras Fowler. 1938
 Parabembras Bleeker, 1874

Other authorities classify the genus Parabembras within the monotypic family Parabembridae and place Bembradium in the family Plectrogeniidae.

Etymology
Bembridae derives its name from its type genus Bembras which was coined by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier in 1829 but he did not explain its etymology. However, it is thought that it may come from an ancient Greek word for some sort of small fish, such as anchovy, sprat or smelt. which at least dates as far back as Aristotle. Cuvier applied this type of name to other genera he put forward, such as Synodontis, Salanx or Premnas.

Characteristics
Benbridae deepwater flatheads have large, flattened heads with elongated subcylindrical bodies which have not spiny scutes. The eyes are moderately large without an iris lapit or ocular flaps. The infraorbital bones form a clear, robust ridge, joining the uppermost preopercular spine and has between 4 and 6 spines on it. The spines on the head are short to moderate with between 8 and 11 above the eye. There are two separate dorsal fins, the first contains between 6 and 12 spines and the second between 8 and 12 soft rays while there are 3 spines in the anal fin. There are no separate rays in the pectoral fins. Although the colour is typically red red, orange, or light brown; some species have green, dark green or blackish spotting or blotching on their body and fins and the anal fin may be almost black. The deepwater flatheads range in size from Bembradium roseum, which has a maximum published standard length of , to the bigscale flathead (Bembras macrolepis), which reaches a standard length of .

Distribution and habitat
Bembridae deep-water flatheads have an Indo-Pacific distribution and are mainly found in the South China Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the waters near Southern Indonesia and Australia. These are benthic fishes of the continental shelf at depths of .

References

Platycephaloidei

Taxa named by Johann Jakob Kaup


Andriy Medvedev defeated the defending champion Sergi Bruguera in the final, 7–5, 6–1, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 1994 Monte Carlo Open.

Seeds

Draw

 ''NB: The Final was the best of 5 sets.

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

External links
 ATP singles draw

Singles


Rockport Colony is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Hanson County, South Dakota, United States.  It is located on the James River, southwest of Alexandria and southeast of  Mitchell, and is part of the Mitchell Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 77 at the 2020 census. The elevation is 1,224 feet.

The Rockport Colony Elementary School, which had 24 students in 2008, is not located in Rockport Colony, but is physically in the town of Alexandria.

Demographics

Notes

External links
 "Rockport Colony, South Dakota SD Community Profile / Hanson County"

Unincorporated communities in South Dakota
Unincorporated communities in Hanson County, South Dakota
Mitchell, South Dakota micropolitan area


The patient experience describes an individual's experience of illness/injury and how healthcare treats them. Increasing focus on patient experience is part of a move towards patient-centered care. It is often operationalised through metrics, a trend related to consumerism and New Managerialism.

Patient experience (PX) is defined as the sum of all interactions, shaped by an organization’s culture, that influence patient perceptions across the continuum of care.

Patient experience has become a key Quality outcome for healthcare; measuring it is seen to support improvement in healthcare quality, governance, public accountability and, especially in the NHS in England, patient choice. Measures of patient experience arose from work in the 1980s and is now there use is now widescale. However, their effectiveness has been questioned and clinicians and managers may disagree about their use. There is a general agreement in the literature that measuring patient experience can be accomplished using a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods approach.

When patient experience is discussed in terms of experiences with health care services it is similar to patient satisfaction. However, patient experience is often reported in health research as also encompassing people's experiences of illness and injury outside of their experiences with health services, such as those experiences with family and friends, the influence of illness/injury over their capacity to engage in social activities or previously imagined futures, and even their engagement with the development of the guidelines that will inform their treatment. For example, researchers might report of the patient experience of living with heart failure or other chronic illnesses.

Metrics
Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are, akin to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), questionnaires completed by the patient to assess their experience. These include:

Friends and Family Test
howRwe
GS-PEQ
EUROPEP 2006
Picker PPE-15
NHS Adult Inpatient Survey 2013
Annual GP Patient Survey

References

External links

 What Is Patient Experience?

Health care quality
Patient advocacy


The Siracourt V-1 bunker is a Second World War bunker built in 1943–44 by the forces of Nazi Germany at Siracourt, a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. Codenamed  (Waterworks St Pol), it was intended for use as a bomb-proof storage facility and launch site for V-1 flying bombs. However, it never went into operation due to intensive Allied bombing that made it the most heavily attacked of all the German V-weapon sites, and also of all military targets in Europe during World War II.

Background
With the Allies gaining air superiority by 1943, different sections of the Luftwaffe – which had responsibility for the V-1 – debated how best the weapons could be deployed in the face of an increased threat of aerial bombardment. The Luftwaffe's Flak division favoured dispersing V-1s to a large number of small camouflaged launch sites. However, General Erhard Milch, who was in charge of the Luftwaffe's production programme, advocated large launch bunkers. Adolf Hitler was known to be in favour of such an approach, which had already led to the construction of a massive bunker at Watten for launching V-2 missiles. In July 1943, Luftwaffe chief Hermann Göring brokered a compromise under which both alternatives would be pursued; four (and ultimately ten) heavy launch bunkers would be built along with 96 light installations.

The heavy bunkers were all intended to be built to a standard design, codenamed Wasserwerk (waterworks) to conceal their true purpose. The first two would be built in the Pas-de-Calais at Desvres near Lottinghen and Siracourt near Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise. The two sites are about  and  from London respectively. Two more would be built at Tamerville and at Couville on the Cotentin Peninsula near Cherbourg. It was intended that all four would be operational by December 1943, with further bunkers to be built subsequently.

Design and construction
The Siracourt bunker is about  long,  wide and  high, built using some 55,000 m³ of steel-reinforced concrete. Its design and method of construction took into account the lessons learned from the destruction in August 1943 of the Watten bunker while it was still under construction. It was constructed on high ground about a kilometre (three-quarters of a mile) north of the Hesdin-Saint Pol road, to the north of the original site of the village of Siracourt. The bunker was built in loamy soil some  deep, resting on a layer of chalk bedrock. The German engineers adopted a new method which they called Verbunkerung, which involved first building the roof flat on the ground then excavating beneath it – sheltered from bombs – to create the rest of the facility.

The bunker would have been linked with the main railway line from Saint Pol to Abbeville, enabling trains carrying V-1s and supplies to enter the body of the structure. It was, in effect, a fortified railway tunnel with a storage area capable of housing 150 missiles and an aperture from which they would have been launched. Although Allied reconstructions imagined a single launch ramp, it is possible that the Germans intended to install two parallel ramps to increase the rate at which V-1s could be fired.

Discovery and destruction

The Allies spotted the construction of the Siracourt bunker almost as soon as it began in September 1943, when two parallel trenches were dug and concreted to form the walls of the structure. Heavy Allied bombing hindered construction but it continued until the end of June 1944, when the site was wrecked by Tallboy bombs dropped by the Royal Air Force. By this time about 90 per cent of the concrete had been completed, apart from the end sections, but the supposedly bomb-proof structure proved unable to withstand the six-ton Tallboy. One bomb fully penetrated the roof and exploded underneath, while another caused substantial damage when it exploded next to one of the walls. The ground around the site was churned up by over 5,000 tons of bombs. By the time the site was abandoned in April 1944, the exterior had practically been completed but the excavation of the interior had only just begun. Roland Hautefeuille estimated that Siracourt was the most heavily bombed military target in all of Europe with 5,070 tons of bombs directed at it. These bombs considerably change the terrain around the site, destroying most of the village of Siracourt. After the war, the authorities quickly abandoned the idea of demolishing the bunker.  Before the land was leveled, 80 German prisoners of war removed the launching ramp facing England and partially filled in the interior of the bunker.

The Siracourt bunker is still extant today and is visible from the road. It is located on private land.

Air raids on the Siracourt site

References and notes

Bibliography

Further reading
 Livese, Jack (2008), "Wasserwerk Siracourt",

External links

 BattlefieldsWW2.com: "Remnants of V-1-site Wasserwerk Siracourt, and how to find it."

V-weapon subterranea
Ruins in Hauts-de-France
World War II in the Pas-de-Calais
World War II sites in France
World War II strategic bombing


Robert Roth (born 1950) was an active member in the anti-war, anti-racism and anti-imperialism movements of the 1960s and 70s, and key member of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) political movement in the Columbia University Chapter in New York, where he eventually presided. Later, as a member of the Weatherman/Weather Underground Organization he used militant tactics to oppose the Vietnam War and racism. After the war ended, Roth surfaced from his underground status and has been involved in a variety of social causes to this day.

Early years
Roth is the son of a middle-class family in Queens, New York, where he grew up in a progressive Jewish household. He graduated high school in 1966, at the age of 16. That same year he was accepted to, and entered Columbia University. In 1969, Roth withdrew from Columbia to focus his full attention to SDS.

Students for a Democratic Society
Roth was recruited to join SDS at Columbia University by Mark Rudd and John Jacobs during his freshmen year at Columbia. In 1969 he was elected leader of SDS when he decided he would not finish school at Columbia and would instead focus on fighting the revolution. That same year he dropped out of school to avoid disciplinary charges and to commit himself to revolutionary organization. He spent that summer working with an SDS community organizing project in the Inwood section of New York City.

Roth sided with black students that opposed building the Columbia University gym in Harlem  in 1968, which was intended to grant African Americans limited access to facilities and was clearly an act of segregation. Roth also opposed the University's contribution to the Department of Defense in the form of research and military recruiting. These oppositions resulted in a series of direct actions, including strikes and building takeovers. He led building occupations at Columbia University. SDS leader Robert Roth was the contact for the Low library occupation where he noted the "great communal feeling" of those occupying the library during the take-over. The 1968 Summer session started with protests led by Roth, then a sophomore, Paul Rockwell and Stuart Gedal. On 116th and Broadway, at the university's gates, Roth led "liberation classes" in which he taught passing students about pressing matters. In September 1968 Robert Roth held a meeting along with other students Josephine Duke, Stuart Gedal and Mike Golash to demand  that the Morningside Gym construction stop. Roth demanded Dr Andrew W. Cordier, Columbia's acting President, to end racist and militaristic actions at the university. Roth was part of a group who participated in attempting to force administrators of Columbia University to allow SDS members expelled from school to register for the following term. As a member of the SDS steering committee, Roth chastised Dr. Cordiers for refusing to lift the 42 suspensions for the expelled students, as he claimed it signified "an attempt to split our movement."
During his time with the steering committee, Roth, along with 200 other SDS members, participated in the capture of Philosophy Hall at Columbia University on April 17, 1969. On April 17, 1969 and May 1, 1969 Roth participated in taking over and barricading the halls. Roth asserted, "We are showing that University that every time it helps the war in Vietnam we will exact reprisals." This quotation was in response to news that the university was accepting NASA research grants by allowing military recruitment on campus. A later FBI surveillance file from COINTELPRO confirmed Robert Roth was a participant in the Columbia student strike. He was also identified as a member of SDS and a negotiator for the Low library strikers.

On May 2, 1969 they released control of two buildings: Fayerweather and Mathematics Halls. In 1969, Roth led another Columbia strike. He was arrested June 10, 1969, found guilty, and he served 30 days in prison  in New York City and fined $100 for disregarding the ban of disruptions on Morningside campus.

Following his release from jail, Roth worked from August – October 1969 on the National Action Staff (NAS) for the SDS national office. In this capacity, he helped plan for the coming National Action, also known as the "Days of Rage."

On September 15, 1969, Roth, along with seven other men and women, was arrested for refusing to stop passing out anti-war pamphlets to motorists. Roth, then 19 years old, was charged with obstructing traffic and disorderly conduct. He was fined $100.

After his release Roth resumed his work as a member of the NAS on September 17, 1969. He continued discussing plans for activities in Chicago. The Chicago demonstration was discussed as an opportunity to bring their politics to the streets in order to topple the system.

Weatherman had emerged from SDS by late 1969. They sent Roth to Chicago where he noticed the heavy police presence. SDS applied for demonstration permits for a demonstration and march on October 11 of 1969 and held a conference at city hall. Roth noted that the deputy mayor would not commit to providing a permit, but assured the people that this demonstration would happen with or without a permit. In the fall of 1969 the 'red squad,' a plain-clothes Chicago police squad, formed and focused on Weather activity in Chicago. Multiple accounts say that they forcefully entered a Weatherman hide-out and hung Robert Roth out of the window by his ankles in a raid.

Weather Underground Organization
The early months of 1970 saw great change for both Weather and Robert Roth. He recalled, "My sense of justice… and the person I wanted to be were inextricably linked to what happened with African Americans." These sentiments display why Roth joined Weather; he was interested in joining a white movement whose goal was to defeat racism and American imperialism. The news of Fred Hampton's murder in December 1969 provided Roth with the feeling of personal responsibility to make a difference. After his time in Chicago, Roth felt Chicago was a war zone which intensified the necessity of Weather's clandestine activity. In response to Greenwich Village townhouse explosion, where Terry Robbins, Diana Oughton, and Ted Gold of Weathermen perished. Roth grappled with the morality of pursuing a revolution when it endangers peoples' lives.

In his years within the Weather Underground, Roth participated in militant activities aimed against US imperialism and racism. While underground Roth participated in Osowatamie, the WUO's short lived newsletter beginning in March 1975.  He served as the leader of editorial coverage.
Roth surfaced and turned himself in to authorities with Phoebe Hirsch on March 25, 1977. He was released on a $1,000 bail on 9/13. He later pleaded guilty to mob action charges and received a $1,000 fine and 2 years probation.

After Weather Underground
After surfacing from the Weather Underground Organization, Robert Roth moved to San Francisco and joined Prairie Fire Organizing Committee. In the 1980s Roth worked with the Pledge of Resistance, a movement dedicated to ending US intervention in Central America.

In 1992 Roth was a founding member of Haiti Action Committee (HAC) and opposed a US supported coup against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. In the ensuing years, his fight against the UN occupation of Haiti continued. He remains a member of Haiti Action Committee. Roth spoke on Tuesday September 18, 2007 at a rally protesting the kidnapping and disappearance of Haitian human rights activist Lovinsky Pierre-Antoine, as well as the ongoing repression in Haiti. This is a link to a video of Robert Roth participating in a rally held in San Francisco at the corner of Market and Montgomery on behalf of missing Haitian Lovinsky Pierre-Antoine. http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2007/09/23/18449279.php
He also co-authored activist pamphlets: "Hidden From the Headlines: the US War Against Haiti," and "We Will Not Forget: the Achievements of Lavalas in Haiti."

Roth worked as a high school social studies teacher and community activist at Mission High School in San Francisco for 30 years. He can be seen in the groundbreaking film It's Elementary, which focuses on teaching gay issues in schools. The film aired on PBS and is a model for educators across the country. He retired from teaching in 2018.

Notes

References

Berger, Dan (2007). Outlaws of America: the Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity. Oakland, CA: AK Press
Jacobs, Ron (1997). The Way the Wind Blew: A history of the weather underground. London; New York: Verso
Fox, Sylvan. Columbia Opens Summer Sessions. (1968, June 11) New York Times
Fox, Sylvan. Radical Students See Cordier. (1968, September 17) New York Times
Fox, Sylvan. Student Rebels Disrupt Columbias Registration. (1968, September 19) New York Times
Kihss, Peter. Columbias Student Strike Led By Several Different Groups. (1968, May 18) New York Times
Ninety Fourth Congress (1975) The Weather Underground: Report of the Subcommittee to investigate the administration of the internal security oact ond other internal security laws of the committee on the judiciary United States Senate. (Stock No. 052-070-02727-4) Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Scherr, Judith. SF rally calls for end of occupation. (2005, March 8) San Francisco Bayview Newspaper
Six war protesters fined. (1970, February 20) New York Times
Terrall, Ben (2007) http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2007/10/un-occupation-of-haiti-continues
Thurgood Marshall Academic High School page. . Retrieved november 4, 2008
Varon, Jeremy (2004). Bringing the War Home. Berkeley: University of California Press
"Weatherman Underground" (PDF). FBI (20 August 1976) Pages 83, 110. Retrieved on October 20, 2008.
Wilkerson, Cathy (2007). Flying too Close to the Sun: My life and times as a weatherman/ Cathy Wilkerson. New York: Seven Stories Press
York, Anthony (2000). Wanted: A real criminal. Salon.com. Retrieved October 21, 2008
"Aging Radical Comes Home", Time, September 26, 1977. Retrieved October 26,2008

External links
Where is Lovinsky Pierre-Antoine? Haiti Action Committee rally for his safe return. https://web.archive.org/web/20090429172121/http://www.haitisolidarity.net/article.php?id=196
http://www.indybay.org/newitems/2007/09/23/18440279.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20110525024122/http://www.haitisolidarity.net/article/php?id=196
http://www.tmahs.com/mpages/socialstudies.htm
http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2007/10/un-occupation-of-haiti-continues by Ben Terrall October 4, 2007

1950 births
Living people
American anti–Vietnam War activists
COINTELPRO targets
20th-century American Jews
Members of Students for a Democratic Society
Members of the Weather Underground
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Jewish American activists
Schoolteachers from California
21st-century American Jews


Deshdrohi ( Traitor) is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Jagdish A. Sharma. It was scripted and produced by KRK, who also appeared in the lead role alongside Manoj Tiwari, Hrishitaa Bhatt, Gracy Singh and Zulfi Syed. Released on 14 November 2008, it was subject to negative reviews from critics, and is considered as one of the worst Bollywood films.

Plot

The themes of the film consists of politics, prostitution, pimping, and corruption. At the start of the film, a man named Raja Yadav (Kamaal Rashid Khan) arrives in Mumbai from Uttar Pradesh searching for a watchman's job, after leaving his father and neighbour, Neha, both behind in his village in Uttar Pradesh.

In Mumbai, Raja meets Shekhar, a gangster, who works as a watchman, and Sonia, who works for a drug dealer named Baba Kadam. At one point, Raja helps Sonia escape from an attack by a group working for another drug dealer called Rajan Nayak, Baba Kadam's rival. The two eventually fall in love.

After realising that living in Mumbai is difficult for North Indians, Raja petitions Shrivastav, a North Indian politician who exploits common people for his political career, for help. The drug mafia of Mumbai city is assisted by politicians, and the media want to reveal the corruption prevalent in the city.

Due to his involvement, Raja is marked for death by Rajan Nayak, who contracts a police inspector to kill both him and Sonia. However, he fails and is killed. The police pursue Raja and Sonia, who are also hiding from Rajan Nayak. Raja attempts to obtain help from Shrivastav to no avail, and even Sonia's boss, Baba Kadam, abandons the pair.

Pushed to the limit, Raja resolves to kill all involved, in which he is helped by Inspector Rohit Raghav, the new husband of Raja's village sweetheart.

Cast
Kamaal Rashid Khan as Raja Yadav
Gracy Singh as Sonia Patil
Aman Verma as Minister Shrivastav
Hrishitaa Bhatt as Neha Rohit Raghav (Few lines as Mona Ghosh Shetty)
Manoj Tiwari as Shekhar
Kader Khan as Abdul Bhai
Mukesh Tiwari as Rajan Naik, a corrupt politician
Zulfi Syed as Inspector Rohit Raghav
Ranjeet as Raja's father
Avtar Gill as Raja's grandfather
Aryan Vaid in cameo appearance in a song
Yashpal Sharma as Baba Kadam
Raza Murad as Chief Minister of Maharashtra
Kim Sharma as Herself
Nirmal Pandey as Deputy Chief Minister Nagesh Kulkarni
Shiva Rindani as Encounter specialist Rajesh Sharma
Arun Bakshi as Shrivastav's P.A.
 Anil Nagrath as Deshmukh, the informer

Music

Controversy
There were accusations that the movie was attempting to profit off of the 2008 attacks on North Indians in Maharashtra. The head of the Mumbai office of the Central Board of Film Certification opined that the movie has scenes that were derogatory to a particular community. Maharashtra Navnirman Sena expressed their protests against the movie. The Mumbai police served a notice for a special screening to find any objectionable content that might trigger unrest. Due to the protests and problems with exhibitors, the release date of the movie was postponed by a week from the original date of 7 November. The movie was released on 14 November, except in Maharashtra, where it was banned by the state government for 60 days under the Bombay Cinema Regulation Act. The producers of the film petitioned the Bombay High Court to lift the ban on the movie. After a two-month ban it was released on 23 January 2009 in Maharashtra.

Reviews
The film received negative reviews overall.

See also
List of films banned in India

References

External links

2008 films
2000s Hindi-language films
2008 action thriller films
Indian action thriller films
2008 directorial debut films
Films scored by Nikhil-Vinay
Films about race and ethnicity
Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police
Films about politicians
Indian political thriller films
Film controversies in India
Film censorship in India
Censored films
Race-related controversies in film


The Mubadala World Tennis Championship is a men's and women's singles exhibition tournament. It has been held annually since 2009 at the Abu Dhabi International Tennis Complex, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

History
In November 2008, sponsor companies Flash and Capitala announced with IMG their partnership to create a new tennis exhibition for the beginning of the season, to take place in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The event, first named Capitala World Tennis Championship, was conceived to promote the sport in the region, creating another world class tennis event in the Middle East alongside the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Dubai Tennis Championships, already taking place in the UAE, the ATP Qatar ExxonMobil Open and the WTA Qatar Total Open, taking place in Doha, Qatar, and the WTA Tour Championships, also set in Doha from 2008 to 2010. The six-player, three-day exhibition, with a winner-takes-all prize money of US$250,000, preceded by weeks of tennis-themed activities in the region, including an amateur Community Cup tournament in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, was created to take place early in the season, before the start of the actual tour events, as a warm-up exhibition for the top players, similar to the AAMI Classic in Melbourne.

The inaugural Capitala World Tennis Championship took place from January 1 to January 3, 2009, with Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Andy Murray, Nikolay Davydenko, Andy Roddick and James Blake taking part. Murray won the event, defeating Blake, Federer, and then-World No. 1 Nadal in the final.

As of October 2009, Federer, Nadal and Davydenko announced they would return for the 2010 edition, with Stanislas Wawrinka, David Ferrer and Robin Söderling completing the field. Nadal went one further this time, defeating compatriot Ferrer in the semi-finals and Söderling in the final without losing a set. Federer won third place with victory over Ferrer.

For the 2011 edition of the tournament, Nadal, Federer and Söderling returned with Tomáš Berdych, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Marcos Baghdatis completing the six-man line-up. Nadal defended the title with a hard-fought victory over Federer after they respectively beat Berdych and Söderling in the semi-finals.

The second 2011 edition (held on December 29–31, 2011) featured Nadal, Federer, Ferrer, Tsonga, Novak Djokovic and Gaël Monfils.  Djokovic won the title by beating Monfils and Federer before defeating Ferrer in the final.  In the battle for third place, Nadal triumphed over Federer.

On December 30, 2017, Jeļena Ostapenko defeated Serena Williams in the first-ever women's match at the tournament.

Past finals

Men's singles

Women's singles

Records

Men's singles

References

External links
Official website

Tennis tournaments in the United Arab Emirates
Exhibition tennis tournaments
Hard court tennis tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 2009
Sports competitions in Abu Dhabi


Yishay Levi, also translated as Ishay Levi (; born January 20, 1963, in Rosh HaAyin, Israel) is an Israeli singer, specializing in Mizrahi music.

Biography
Levi was born into a family of Yemenite Jews. He began singing in clubs in Israel in 1983, when singers like Zohar Argov and Haim Moshe were at the peak of their careers. Here he was discovered by the guitarist Moses Ben-Mosh.

Levi produced his first album, Hafla With Ben Mohes in 1986. He became a superstar in clubs all over Israel. After this he released his first song in the album Ine Ba Ha-yom (Here Comes the Day); then the song "Raiya" brought him fame. It was at this time that he and Zohar Argov began a personal rivalry. The album was released in 1987.

Levi's career began to fade in 1988-1991 due to his drug habit. In 1992, he released the album Lehat'chil Mibereshit (To Start From the Beginning) with the hits "Rikdi" (one of the biggest hits in Mizrahi music) and "Mona." Later, Levi released the albums Ha-elam hamudot (Lovely Lad) in 1993, and Mabit mehatzad (Watch from the Side) in 1994, which were less successful, although the first album produced two hits, "Ha-elam hamudot" and "Mi li tomar."

In 1995 he released the album Bat almavet (Immortal). The entire album was a collection of Boaz Sharabi covers, except for the title song. This album was not a success and Levi's popularity started to fade again. Then in 1997, he released the album Ha-emuna (The Belief), which again saved his career as a singer with the hit "Taltalim shorim."

In 1997, he released the album  (Live at the Arena), but this was not a commercial success. In 2000, he released the album  (Face to the Future).

At the end of 2000, Levi was sent to jail because he broke into the apartment of his neighbor to steal electrical appliances so he could sell them to buy drugs. He was released from jail in 2003.

In 2004, Levi published the album  (Route of My Suffering). After this album, Levi did a show dedicated to his wife called  (I Sing for You, Iris). Levi was returned to jail after setting his wife's house on fire, apparently because she was not giving him money for drugs. He was released from this jail sentence in 2006.

In 2021, Levi told YNet television the following regarding the recent outbreak of violence between Israel and Gaza-based terrorist groups: "I want to tell Israeli soldiers and the government, don't stop until you finish the job."

New career boost
In 2008, Levi released the album Rikud romanti (Romantic Dance), which included the hits "Rikud romanti," "Roze Otach balayla" (I Want You at Night), "Isha namena" (Loyal Wife) and the Arabic hit "Ah ya albi" (Oh my Heart).

Ishay Levi is the brother of the Mizrahi musician and singer Nati Levi.

References

External links
"Rikud Romanti" video on Dailymotion
Ishai Levi songs transliterated at HebrewSongs.com

1963 births
Living people
Jewish Israeli musicians
Israeli people of Yemeni-Jewish descent
People from Rosh HaAyin


Lawrence Zeleny (April 30, 1904 — May 27, 1995), was an American biochemist most notable for his founding of the North American Bluebird Society in 1978. During his 30-year career with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, he noticed a decline in the numbers of bluebirds. After his retirement in 1965, he began a decades long crusade to save the bird.

Biography
Zeleny was born on April 30, 1904, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the younger of two sons of Anthony and Mattie Zeleny. For his elementary education, he attended the Motley School in Minneapolis, where he served as a "policeman" as a ten-year old, shepherding the younger students across the street at a dangerous intersection. After graduating high school at the age of 17, he entered the University of Minnesota, where he graduated in 1925 with a B.S. in chemistry. He continued at the university, receiving an M.S. in chemistry in 1927, and a Ph.D. in biochemistry in 1930. While at university he met his future wife, Olive Lowen, and the two were married on June 19, 1930, shortly after he completed his doctorate.

In 1935, Zeleny accepted a position as a biochemist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the couple moved to the Washington, D.C., area, settling in University Park, Maryland. He held several positions within the agency until his promotion to Branch Chief of the Grain Division in 1943, a position he held until he retired in 1966. While at the Department, he developed a method for testing the baking strength of wheat, which became known as the "Zeleny Test".

Work with bluebirds
As a youth growing up in Minnesota, Zeleny became interested in birds, especially Bluebirds. Even before entering high school in the late 1910s, Zeleny was building bluebird nesting boxes, utilizing a design put out by the Department of Agriculture. He claimed that one of his first memories was that of bluebirds playing in a bird bath when he was fourteen months old. His mother used to walk his stroller every day, parking it next to the bird bath. He furthered his interest in ornithology through a relationship he developed with Professor Thomas S. Roberts while at the University of Minnesota. Roberts had written Water birds of Minnesota in 1919, and would later write the Birds of Minnesota, a two-volume illustrated set documenting the flying fauna of Minnesota. While at the Department of Agriculture, he noticed a decline in the number of bluebirds on the grounds of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, during the 1950s, after the arrival of starlings, non-natives to the area. In 1955 he built his first nesting box on the grounds, right outside his office.

After his retirement in 1966, Zeleny received permission from his former boss, the center's director, to establish a bluebird trail on the center's grounds. In 1967, he began the trail with the placement of 13 nesting boxes in time for the breeding season. Over time the trail grew to over 10 miles and 60 nesting boxes. The nesting boxes were of his own design, although with input from others such as T. E. Musselman. Zeleny felt the key to the design was the size of the entrance hole, which had to be an inch and a half in diameter, which would allow bluebirds to enter, but preclude the entrance of starlings. In 1968 he authored a booklet on bluebird preservation entitled Bluebirds for Posterity. In 1969 and 1970 he spoke in numerous locations, promoting bluebird protection. This was in addition to placing hundreds of nesting boxes in Maryland and Virginia, as well as numerous bluebird trails.

Zeleny's concern can be summed up in a letter he wrote to the editor of The Capitol newspaper, in Arlington, Maryland:

By the early 1970s Zeleny was considered to be one of the country's leading experts on bluebirds. In 1971, as president of the Maryland Ornithological Society, he implemented a program in Maryland whereby any homeowner could register their property as a wildlife sanctuary, which would protect native fauna from hunting. In 1976 he published his first book on the plight of the bluebird, The Bluebird: How You Can Help Its Fight for Survival. Dedicated to his wife, Olive, all the proceeds of the book were donated to the North American Bluebird Society. Zeleny's public profile was greatly enhanced with the publication of his article, "Song of Hope for the Bluebirds", in the June 1977 issue of National Geographic. That same year National Geographic credited Zeleny with being the major reason for the turn-around of the bluebird species, which had been on the verge of extinction. He was responsible thousands of miles of bluebird trails in the United States and Canada.

In 1978 he founded, and became the first president of, the North American Bluebird Society (NABS). By 1990 the organization had grown to more than 5000 members.

Death and legacy
Zeleny died on May 27, 1995. NABS has awarded more than $100,000 in research grants on studies of cavity-nesting birds. As of 2012, the Zeleny Endowment Fund had exceeded $100,000. Zeleny's bluebird nesting box design is still used throughout the country. Today, he is still credited with the rebound of the North American bluebird population, as well as being the founding father of the "nest box movement".

Offices held
 President, Maryland Ornithological Society
 Board of Directors, Audubon Naturalist Society

References

External links

20th-century American biochemists
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
American ornithological writers
1904 births
1995 deaths
Scientists from Minneapolis
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American zoologists
20th-century American male writers


China is the world's largest electricity producer, having overtaken the United States in 2011 after rapid growth since the early 1990s. In 2021, China produced 8.5 petawatt-hour (Pwh) of electricity, approximately 30% of the world's electricity production.

Most of the electricity in China comes from coal power, which accounted for 62% of electricity generation in 2021 and is a big part of greenhouse gas emissions by China. Power generated from renewable energy has also been continuously increasing in the country, with national electricity generation from renewable energy reaching 594.7 TWh in Q1 2023, an increase of 11.4% year-on-year, including 342.2 TWh of wind and solar power, up 27.8% year-on-year.

In the first quarter 2023, China's total installed electric generation capacity was 2.38 TW, of which 1.26 TW renewable, including 376 GW from wind power and 425 GW from solar power. The rest was mostly coal capacity, with 1040 GW in 2019. Nuclear also plays an increasing role in the national electricity sector. As of February 2023, China has 55 nuclear plants with 57 GW of power in operation, 22 under construction with 24 GW and more than 70 planned with 88 GW. About 5% of electricity in the country comes from nuclear energy.

China has two wide area synchronous grids, the State Grid and the China Southern Power Grid. The northern power grids were synchronized in 2005.
Since 2011 all Chinese provinces are interconnected. The two grids are joined by HVDC back-to-back connections.

China has abundant energy reserves with the world's fourth-largest coal reserves and massive hydroelectric resources.
There is however a geographical mismatch between the location of the coal fields in the north-east (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning) and north (Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan), hydropower in the south-west (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet), and the fast-growing industrial load centers of the east (Shanghai-Zhejiang) and south (Guangdong, Fujian).

History

In April 1996, an Electric Power Law was implemented, a major event in China's electric power industry. The law set out to promote the development of the electric power industry, to protect the legal rights of investors, managers, and consumers, and to regulate the generation, distribution, and consumption.

Before 1994 electricity supply was managed by electric power bureaus of the provincial governments. Now utilities are managed by corporations outside of the government administration structure.

To end the State Power Corporation's (SPC) monopoly of the power industry, China's State Council dismantled the corporation in December 2002 and set up 11 smaller companies. SPC had owned 46% of the country's electrical generation assets and 90% of the electrical supply assets. The smaller companies include two electric power grid operators, five electric power generation companies, and four relevant business companies. Each of the five electric power generation companies owns less than 20% (32 GW of electricity generation capacity) of China's market share for electric power generation. Ongoing reforms aim to separate power plants from power-supply networks, privatize a significant amount of state-owned property, encourage competition, and revamp pricing mechanisms.

It is expected that the municipal electric power companies will be divided into electric power generating and electric power supply companies. A policy of competition between the different generators will be implemented in the next years.

South China from the Changjiang valley down to the South China Sea was the first part of the economy to liberalize in the 1980s and 1990s and is home to much of the country's most modern and often foreign-invested manufacturing industries. Northern and northeastern China's older industrial base has fallen behind, remains focused on the domestic economy, and has suffered a relative decline.

In recent history, China's power industry is characterized by fast growth and an enormous installed base. In 2014, it had the largest installed electricity generation capacity in the world with 1505 GW and generated 5583 TWh China also has the largest thermal power capacity, the largest hydropower capacity, the largest wind power capacity and the largest solar capacity in the world. Despite an expected rapid increase in installed capacity scheduled in 2014 for both wind and solar, and an expected increase to 60 GW in nuclear by 2020, coal will still account for between 65% and 75% of capacity in 2020.

In Spring 2011, according to The New York Times, shortages of electricity existed, and power outages should be anticipated.  The government-regulated price of electricity had not matched rising prices for coal.

In 2020, Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping announced that China aims to go carbon-neutral by 2060 in accordance with the Paris climate accord.

Production and capacity

ChinaEnergyPortal.org

China Energy Portal publishes Chinese energy policy, news, and statistics and provides tools for their translation into English. Translations on this site depend entirely on contributions from its readers. 2020 electricity & other energy statistics (preliminary)

(Note that change in generation capacity is new installations minus retirements.)

National Bureau of Statistics of China
The official Statistics available in English are not all up to date. Numbers are given in "(100 million kw.h)" which equals 100 GWh or 0.1 TWh.

Sources

Coal power

China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world and is the largest user of coal-derived electricity. However, coal has been falling as a percentage of the energy mix, from over 80% in 2007 to 62% in 2021.  Despite China (like other G20 countries) pledging in 2009 to end inefficient fossil fuel subsidies,  there are direct subsidies and the main way coal power is favoured is by the rules guaranteeing its purchase – so dispatch order is not merit order.

To curtail the continued rapid construction of coal fired power plants, strong action was taken in April 2016 by the National Energy Administration (NEA), which issued a directive curbing construction in many parts of the country. This was followed up in January 2017 when the NEA canceled a further 103 coal power plants, eliminating 120 GW of future coal-fired capacity, despite the resistance of local authorities mindful of the need to create jobs. The decreasing rate of construction is due to the realization that too many power plants had been built and some existing plants were being used far below capacity. In 2020 over 40% of plants were estimated to be running at a net loss and new plants may become stranded assets. In 2021 some plants were reported close to bankruptcy due to being forbidden to raise electricity prices in line with high coal prices.

In 2019, reports show  that approvals  for new coal mines had  increased fivefold over approvals in 2018, and the China State Grid Corporation forecast that total coal power plant capacity would peak at 1,230–1,350 GW, an increase of about 200–300 GW.
The think tank Carbon Tracker estimated the average loss was about US$4/MWh and that about 60% of power stations were cashflow negative in 2018 and 2019.
In 2020 Carbon Tracker estimated that 43% of coal-fired plants were already more expensive than new renewables and that 94% would be by 2025. According to a 2020 analysis by Energy Foundation China, in order to keep warming to 1.5 degrees C coal plants without carbon capture must be phased out by 2045. A 2021 study estimated that all coal power plants could be shut down by 2040, by retiring them at the end of their financial lifetime.

Hydropower

Hydroelectricity is currently China's largest renewable energy source and the second overall after coal.
China's installed hydro capacity in 2020 was 370 GW, this is an increase of 51 GW over the 2015 number of 319 GW, and up from 172 GW in 2009, including pumped storage hydroelectricity capacity.
In 2021, hydropower generated 1,300 TWh of power, accounting for 15% of China's total electricity generation.  In contrast, in 2015 hydropower generated 1,126 TWh of power, accounting for roughly 20% of China's total electricity generation.

Due to China's insufficient reserves of fossil fuels and the government's preference for energy independence, hydropower plays a big part in the energy policy of the country.
China's potential hydropower capacity is estimated at up to 600 GW, but currently, the technically exploitable and economically feasible capacity is around 500 GW. There is therefore the considerable potential for further hydro development.
The country has set a 350 GW capacity target for 2020. Being flexible, existing hydropower can back up large amounts of solar and wind.

Hydroelectric plants in China have relatively low productivity, with an average capacity factor of 31%, a possible consequence of rushed construction and the seasonal variability of rainfall. Moreover, a significant amount of energy is lost due to the need for long transmission lines to connect the remote plants to where demand is most concentrated.

Although hydroelectricity represents the largest renewable and low greenhouse gas emissions energy source in the country, the social and environmental impact of dam construction in China has been large, with millions of people forced to relocate and large scale damage to the environment.

Wind power

With its large land mass and long coastline, China has exceptional wind resources: it is estimated China has about 2,380 GW of exploitable capacity on land and 200 GW on the sea. At the end of 2021 there was 329 GW of Wind power in China proving 655,000 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of wind electricity to the grid This contrast with the 114 GW of electricity generating capacity installed in China in 2014 (although capacity of wind power is not on par with capacity of nuclear power).  In 2011, China's plan was to have 100 GW of wind power capacity by the end of 2015, with an annual wind generation of 190 terawatt-hours (TWh).

China has identified wind power as a key growth component of the country's economy.

Nuclear power

In terms of nuclear power generation, China will advance from a moderate development strategy to an accelerating development strategy. Nuclear power will play an even more important role in China's future power development. Especially in the developed coastal areas with heavy power loads, nuclear power will become the backbone of the power structure there.  As of February 2023, China has 55 plants with 57 GW of power in operation, 22 under construction with 24 GW and more than 70 planned with 88 GW. About 5% of electricity in the country is due to nuclear energy.
These plants generated 417 TWh of electricity in 2022.
 This percentage is expected to double every 10 years for several decades out. Plans are for 200 GW installed by 2030 which will include a large shift to Fast Breeder reactor and 1500 GW by the end of this century.

Solar power

China is the world's largest market for both photovoltaics and solar thermal energy.
At the end of 2021 there was 306 GW of solar power in China proving 377,000 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of solar power electricity to the grid (out of total 7,770,000 GWh electricity power production.
In comparison, of the 7,623 TWh electricity produced in China in 2020, 261.1 TWh was generated by solar power, equivalent to 3.43% of total electricity production.
This was a 289% increase since 2016, when production was 67.4 TWh, equivalent to an annual growth rate of 40.4%.

China has been the world's leading installer of solar photovoltaics since 2013 (see also growth of photovoltaics), and the world's largest producer of photovoltaic power since 2015.
In 2017 China was the first country to pass 100 GW of cumulative installed PV capacity. However electricity prices are not properly varied by time of day, so do not properly incentivize system balancing.

Solar water heating is also extensively implemented, with a total installed capacity of 290 GWth at the end of 2014, representing about 70% of world's total installed solar thermal capacity. The goal for 2050 is to reach 1,300GW of Solar Capacity. If this goal is to be reached it would be the biggest contributor to Chinese electricity demand.

Natural gas
China produced 272 Twh of electricty from natural gas in 2021.

Biomass and waste

China produced 169 Twh of electricity from biomass, geothermal and other renewable sources of energy in 2021.

Storage and demand response

Energy storage and demand response are important for replacing coal generation.

Transmission infrastructure

The central government has made the creation of a unified national grid system a top economic priority to improve the efficiency of the whole power system and reduce the risk of localised energy shortages. It will also enable the country to tap the enormous hydro potential from western China to meet booming demand from the eastern coastal provinces. China is planning for smart grid and related Advanced Metering Infrastructure.

Ultra-high-voltage transmission

The main problem in China is the voltage drop when power is sent over very long distances from one region of the country to another.

Long distance inter-regional transmission has been implemented by using ultra-high voltages (UHV) of 800 kV, based on an extension of technology already in use in other parts of the world.

Companies
In terms of the investment amount of China's listed power companies, the top three regions are Guangdong province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shanghai, whose investment ratios are 15.33%, 13.84% and 10.53% respectively, followed by Sichuan and Beijing.

China's listed power companies invest mostly in thermal power, hydropower and thermoelectricity, with their investments reaching CNY216.38 billion, CNY97.73 billion, and CNY48.58 billion respectively in 2007. Investment in gas exploration and coal mining follow as the next prevalent investment occurrences.

Major players in China's electric power industry include:

The five majors, and their listed subsidiaries:
The five majors are all SOEs directly administered by SASAC. Their listed subsidiaries are substantially independent, hence counted as IPPs, and are major power providers in their own right. Typically each of the big 5 has about 10% of national installed capacity, and their listed subsidiary has an extra 4 or 5% on top of that.

 China Datang Corporation
parent of Datang International Power Generation Company (SEHK: 991; SSE: 601991)
 China Guodian Corporation ("Guodian")
parent of GD Power Development Company (SSE: 600795),
 China Huadian Group
parent of Huadian Power International Co., Ltd.
 China Huaneng Group
parent of Huaneng Power International (NYSE:HNP)
 State Power Investment Corporation ("SPIC")
parent of China Power International Development Limited ("CPID", 2380.HK)

Additionally, two other SOEs also have listed IPP subsidiaries:
 the coalmine owning Shenhua Group
parent of China Shenhua Energy Company (SEHK: 1088, SSE: 601088)
 China Resources Group ("Huarun")
parent of China Resources Power Holdings Company Limited ("CRP", SEHK: 836)

Secondary companies:
 Shenzhen Energy Co., Ltd.
 Guangdong Yuedian Group Co., Ltd.
 Anhui Province Energy Group Co., Ltd.
 Hebei Jiantou Energy Investment Co., Ltd.
 Guangdong Baolihua New Energy Stock Co., Ltd.
 Shandong Luneng Taishan Cable Co., Ltd.
 Guangzhou Development Industry (Holdings) Co., Ltd.
 Chongqing Jiulong Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Chongqing Fuling Electric Power Industrial Co., Ltd.
 Shenergy Company (SSE: 600642), Shanghai.
 Shenergy Group, Shanghai.
 Sichuan Chuantou Energy Stock Co., Ltd.
 Naitou Securities Co., Ltd.
 Panjiang Coal and Electric Power Group
 Hunan Huayin Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Shanxi Top Energy Co., Ltd.
 Inner Mongolia Mengdian Huaneng Thermal Power Co., Ltd.
 SDIC Huajing Power Holdings Co., Ltd.
 Sichuan MinJiang Hydropower Co., Ltd.
 Yunnan Wenshan Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Guangxi Guidong Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Sichuan Xichang Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Sichuan Mingxing Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Sichuan Guangan Aaa Public Co., Ltd.
 Sichuan Leshan Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Fujian MingDong Electric Power Co., Ltd.
 Guizhou Qianyuan Power Co., Ltd.

Nuclear and hydro:
 China Three Gorges Corporation
 China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group
 China Yangtze Power (listed)
 Sinohydro Corporation an engineering company.
 Guangdong Meiyan Hydropower Co., Ltd.

Grid operators include:
 State Grid Corporation of China
 China Southern Power Grid
 Wenzhou CHINT Group Corporation ("Zhengtai")
Creation of a spot market has been suggested to properly use energy storage.

Consumption and territorial differences
More than a third of electricity is used by industry. China consists of three largely self-governing territories: the mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau. The introduction of electricity to the country was not coordinated between the territories, leading to partially different electrical standards. Mainland China uses type A and I power plugs with 220 V and 50 Hz; Hong Kong and Macau both use type G power plugs with 220 V and 50 Hz. Inter-territorial travelers may therefore require a power adapter.

References

Further reading

External links
 China Electric Power Research Institute – associated with the State Grid Corporation of China
 Office of the National Energy Leading Group
 China Electrotechnical Society
 Energy Research Institute of China
 China Electric Power Database
 China's oversupply of electric power worrisome 2 January 2006 Zhang Mingquan – HK Trade Council
 China Electric Power Industry Forum
 China EPower Forum

Industry in China