Mulenge is a village encircled by hills in the Bafuliiru Chiefdom, located in the Uvira Territory of South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is situated on the high plateaus of the Itombwe massif, overlooking the locality of Uvira. The area has conventionally been inhabited by various ethnic groups, including the remnants of the autochthonous population of African Pygmies, as well as Bantu ethnic groups such as the Mbuti, Fuliiru, and Nyindu. The region boasts high agricultural productivity, with two harvests typically achievable each year.

Etymology
The appellation Mulenge traces its origins to the Fuliiru dialect, which is spoken by the Fuliiru community who relocated to Uvira Territory from Lwindi Chiefdom, a region situated near the Ulindi River in the rugged hinterlands of the Mwenga Territory, during the seventeenth century. The Fuliiru people, renowned for their distinct cultural practices and beliefs, settled in the area and established their sedentary way of life. The name is said to have originally referred to the inner bone of the lower leg. Over time, the name eventually became associated with the region. During the colonial era, the region was formally designated as Poste de Mulenge or Umulenge, a moniker that alluded to its dual purpose as a postal station and telecommunications hub. The name also referred to the verdant hills where the indigenous Fuliiru people and Mbuti communities resided in certain localities.

Frédéric Hautmann, a Belgian ethnologist, explorer, and linguist, discovered Mulenge during his travels through Uvira. He chaperoned a group of Fuliiru agriculturalists on a trek through the area and came across a small hamlet in a valley surrounded by towering peaks. Hautmann was intrigued by the settlement and asked about its name, which the locals informed him was "Umulenge" or "Mulenghe" in Kifuliiru.

In his ethnographic study of Itombwe, Hautmann stated:"Near Mulenghe (Mulenge), two days' walk from Sanghe (Sange), I was able to observe five of these small "tumuli"; while crossing other villages of the Bafulero (Bafuliiru) of the mountain, I met another ten with pots with two holes, intact, broken or in last shards remains of these pots. This custom is practiced to protect the newborn from the evil mountain spirits. It is two months after the birth that we meet at the place where the placenta is buried. Parents, family members and friends celebrate a festival that lasts several days and nights. The tumulus is sprinkled with native beer."

History

Pre-colonial era
Mulenge, like many regions in South Kivu, was once home to the Mbuti people, whose livelihoods were centered around hunting and trading. However, with the arrival of the Bafuliiru in the 17th century, the local landscape began to transform. The Fuliiru, having migrated from Lwindi (presently recognized as Luindi Chiefdom in the Mwenga Territory) towards the present-day Uvira, took root in the mountainous terrain of Mulenge and eventually branched out to neighboring regions. Following the migration, Mulenge experienced a profound cultural shift, with the introduction of new traditions and customs that coexisted alongside the existing way of life. The Fuliiru agriculturists quickly introduced new farming techniques to the region, enabling them to cultivate crops such as beans, maize, and cassava.

The cross-checking different versions collected by the first European ethnologists, colonial administers, anthropologists, and cartographers working in Uvira disclosed that the territory stretching along the north-western coastline of the Ruzizi Plain—from Uvira all the way to Luvungi—was under the jurisdiction of the Bahamba dynasty of Bafuliiru. The capital of this dynasty was located in Lemera, a groupement (grouping) positioned northwest of the plain, situated in close proximity to Kasheke and Nyambasha. The name "Lemera" is derived from Mulemera, the father of Kahamba, who founded the Bufuliru dynasty and thus the capital itself.

Colonial era and ongoing conflict
During the 19th century, the village underwent a significant transformation and blossomed into an extensive agglomeration in the northern reaches of Lake Tanganyika. The burgeoning village attracted Tutsi and Hutu shepherds who had been leading their herds to the Itombwe Highlands, seeking greener pastures. While some ethnologists and anthropologists, such as , David Newbury, and Catherine Newbury, describe these pastoralist communities as "foreign groups," they also played a key role in shaping the social and economic landscape of the region. Over time, these shepherds established themselves in the western part of Baraka and eventually made their way to the Fizi Territory, where they settled among the Bembe people.

In October 1998, during the commencement of the Second Congo War, the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL) embarked on a rampage of criminal activity, leaving a trail of devastation and death in their wake. The AFDL committed a multitude of criminal offenses against civilians in Uvira. In the chaos and mayhem of the conflict, many local populations fell victim to the AFDL's brutality, with countless lives cut short, including the former Mulenge post chief, Ladislas Matalambu, who was killed on October 1, 1998, at 7:30 p.m., while Alexis Deyidedi, former administrative secretary of the Bafuliiru chiefdom, was assassinated on October 2, 1998, at 11 p.m. As AFDL rampaged through the town, they left a pathway of destruction and despair in their wake, with homes and businesses looted, burned, and destroyed.

On 10 June 2004, up to 3,500 Congolese, mostly Bafuliiru and Babembe, fled to Burundi, fleeing ethnic persecution.

Climate
In Mulenge, the wet season is hot, humid, and overcast and the dry season is warm and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 62 °F to 86 °F and is rarely below 59 °F or above 90 °F.

References

Populated places in South Kivu


Glyn Prosser (27 November 1907 – 13 November 1972) was a Welsh international rugby union flanker who played club rugby for Neath, and was capped four times for Wales. An aggressive wing forward, Prosser is best known for being a member of the Wales team that beat the touring New Zealanders in 1935.

Personal
He was the older brother of Dai Prosser.
He was educated at Crown School, Glynneath.
His occupation had been a miner.

Rugby Union career
Prosser first played rugby for his home town, Glynneath, before moving to first class side Neath. It was with Neath that Prosser first played against international opposition, when he was chosen for a joint Neath / Aberavon team to face the touring South Africans in 1931. It was a very close game that was 3-3, when in a final attack, the South Africans scored the winning try.

Prosser trialled for the Wales team as early as the 1931/32 season but did not gain his first cap until the 1934 Home Nations Championship, when he was selected to face England. The match was played at the Cardiff Arms Park under the captaincy of first time international John Evans, and the inexperienced Welsh team were poor in comparison to England. Out of 13 new caps on the day, five, including Evans, never played for Wales again, but Prosser returned in the next two games of the tournament, now led by the more reliable Claude Davey. Although Wales won these two games, Prosser was not reselected for the next years Championship.

In 1935, Prosser was given another chance to face international tourist when Neath joined up with Aberavon again to face the touring All Blacks. Although the joint team lost to New Zealand Prosser brought his familiar style of offensive forward play through the All Black back division, and did enough to gain the favour of the Welsh selectors. Prosser played his final game for Wales one week later when he was chosen to face the same touring New Zealanders. It was a famous win for Wales, even though they lost their hooker with a broken neck ten minutes before the end of the game.

Rugby League career
In 1936, Prosser severed his ties with rugby union by signing for professional rugby league club Huddersfield.

International matches played
Wales
  1934
  1934
  1934
  1935

Bibliography

References

1907 births
1972 deaths
Glynneath RFC players
Huddersfield Giants players
Neath RFC players
Rugby league players from Neath Port Talbot
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union players from Glynneath
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby league players
Welsh rugby union players


Sirthauli  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,712 people living in 1,062 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


The BBÖ 12 was a class of two 2-2-2T express train tank locomotives with the Federal Railway of Austria (Bundesbahnen Österreichs, BBÖ).

Convinced by the performance of the kkStB 112 series, the BBÖ decided in 1934 to procure tank engines for regional express services as well. For reasons of cost, however, they achieved this by converting kkStB 97 series 0-6-0 tank locomotives built in 1898 by Krauss/Linz). One unit was converted by the Lokomotivfabrik Floridsdorf in 1934 and another in 1937. Locomotives 97.153 and 97.152 were used for the conversion. The boiler and the valve gear were used unchanged. Oil-firing was provided, the tank for which was installed on the rear section of the boiler barrel, and enabled one-man operation. The engines were given a special livery with the water tanks and driver's cab being painted light green.

The little locomotives proved themselves well, but no more were converted, because from 1935 the BBÖ DT 1 was available for short express trains.

In 1938 the Deutsche Reichsbahn took the engines over as 69 001 and 69 002. Only the latter was still around after the Second World War. It became ÖBB 69.02 in the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and was used on a bridge inspection train. This engines is still preserved today.

See also
 Deutsche Reichsbahn
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

References

120
2-2-2T locomotives
Floridsdorf locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Austria
Railway locomotives introduced in 1934
Passenger locomotives


The Men's Javelin Throw F33-34/52 had its Final held on September 15 at 9:00.

Medalists

Results

References
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics


John Hobbs may refer to:
John Hobbs (ornithologist) (1920–1990), police officer and ornithologist
John Hobbs (baseball) (born 1956), Major League Baseball pitcher
John Raymond Hobbs (1929–2008), professor of chemical immunology
John Hobbs (missionary) (1800–1883), New Zealand missionary, artisan and interpreter
John Hobbs (cricketer, born 1935), English cricketer
John Hobbs, a county sheriff in Southeast Missouri in 1942
Jack Hobbs (John Berry Hobbs, 1882–1963), English cricketer

See also
Jack Hobbs (disambiguation)


Sitalpati  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,292 people living in 595 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


"Don't Worry" is the debut solo single of English musician Kim Appleby from her self-titled debut solo album (1990). This was Appleby's first solo-single after the death of her sister Mel. The song addresses the process of getting over being heartbroken. With the aid of her then boyfriend, ex-Bros bassist Craig Logan, Kim launched a solo career with much of her debut solo album composed of songs co-written with Mel, for what was intended to be the next Mel and Kim album. The new album showed Appleby in a more prominent, soulful role, although the tongue-in-cheek humour of Mel & Kim still remained.

Released on 22 October 1990, the song reached number two on the UK Singles Chart in November 1990 and entered the top 40 throughout Europe. The single was also one of the best played singles on both IR stations and the BBC for a month. Additionally it peaked within the top 10 in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Switzerland. On the Eurochart Hot 100, "Don't Worry" reached number seven in December 1990. In Zimbabwe, the single reached number one in January 1991.

Critical reception
Pan-European magazine Music & Media declared the song as a "hit-bound record with a strong Motown (Supremes) feel. Co-written by Appleby and former Bros member Craig Logan, this is an up-tempo, cheerful and well produced song." Selina Webb from Music Week felt that this release "is tinged with considerable sadness, as it should have been performed by a duo." She added that it "lacks the SAW magic but stands up as an easily-consumed pop song which should bop its way easily into the charts." R.S. Murthi from New Straits Times said it "sounds so much like Stock/Aitken/Waterman that you're disappointed to discover that it's not their work." Tom Doyle from Smash Hits wrote that the song is "something of a bouncy singalong SAW-type affair", and complimented Appleby's voice as "consistently strong and tuneful".

Music video
A music video was produced to promote the single, directed by Liam Kan. It received heavy rotation on MTV Europe.

Track listings
 CD single
 "Don't Worry" – 3:33
 "Don't Worry" (The Phil Chill mix) – 4:37
 "Don't Worry" (The Stressed Out mix) – 7:51

 7-inch single
 "Don't Worry" – 3:31
 "Don't Worry" (instrumental) – 3:50

 12-inch single
 "Don't Worry" (The Stressed Out mix) – 7:52
 "Don't Worry" (The Phil Chill mix) – 4:36
 "Don't Worry" (Crypt mix) – 4:54

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1990 debut singles
1990 songs
Kim Appleby songs
Music videos directed by Liam Kan
Number-one singles in Zimbabwe
Parlophone singles
Songs written by Craig Logan


Olga Gontar (; , born January 11, 1979, in Minsk, Belarus) is a Belarusian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 1995 Grand Prix Final all-around bronze medalist and the 1993 European Junior all-around champion.

Career
Gontar started competitive rhythmic gymnastics at 4 years old. In 1991, at age 12, she won the first of three consecutive all-around titles at the Schmiden International. She then took the all-around gold at the 1993 European Junior Championships, and also came in first on both ball and ribbon and was second with rope.

Gontar debuted as a senior in the 1994 season. 1995 was her last and busiest year in rhythmic. She won bronze in the all-around at the 1995 Grand Prix Final, in the event finals; she won gold in rope (tied with Olena Vitrychenko and Yanina Batyrchina) and bronze in ribbon. Before she could compete at the World Championships, reports surfaced that a back injury was forcing her out and would be the deciding factor in her early retirement from the sport at the atypically young age of 16.

After she completed her career in rhythmic gymnastics, Gontar briefly made a modeling career appearing in print ads and magazine covers for European luxury brands in Milan and Paris.

External links

1979 births
Living people
Belarusian rhythmic gymnasts
Medalists at the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
Gymnasts from Minsk
20th-century Belarusian women


Solpathana  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,999 people living in 324 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


"A Chip in the Sugar" is a dramatic monologue written by Alan Bennett in 1987 for television, as part of his Talking Heads series for the BBC. The series became very popular, moving onto BBC Radio, international theatre, becoming one of the best-selling audio book releases of all time and included as part of both the A-level and English syllabus. It was the first episode of the first series of Talking Heads and the only one which featured Alan Bennett as an actor.

Storyline
Middle-aged Graham Whittaker, a repressed homosexual with a history of mental health issues, finds life becoming complicated as his mother or "Mam", Vera Whittaker, with whom he still lives, reunites with an old flame named Frank Turnbull. Graham becomes increasingly disturbed when Frank, whose outspoken and right-wing opinions conflict with Graham's muddled liberalism, becomes an ever-increasing influence on Vera, taking her to a "common" café at which Graham notices a chip in the sugar bowl. After a brief courtship, Frank proposes to Vera. It is suggested Graham move out of his childhood home and into a hostel. Frank is hiding a secret: he is already married and, despite this, has already proposed to various women before Vera. When Graham finds out, he is vastly relieved and triumphantly confronts his mother with the information. Her hopes of happiness are destroyed, but a safe, stultifying "normality" has been restored in the existence of Graham and his mother.

Reception
Many have praised Bennett's portrayal of the character of Graham. For his performance in the episode, Bennett received a Best Actor nomination at the 1989 BAFTA Awards.

References

External links
Episode details

BBC television dramas
British plays
BBC Radio 7 (rebranded) programmes


Shanteshwari  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,385 people living in 377 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Gioconda's Smile () is one of the most famous albums by Greek composer Manos Hadjidakis. It is considered one of the classic albums of 20th-century music in Greece.

The album was recorded in New York in 1965, with Quincy Jones as producer. It was first released in USA in 1965 with twelve orchestral songs, and that same year in Greece, but "The Athletes" and "The Soldier" were not included.

The album was re-released in 2004, as part of the EMI Classics series.

The album was re-released with a variety of covers. Except for the first version, which was released in USA, all of the covers featured Mona Lisa. The cover (inspired and executed by Marianna Xenaki) and, most notably, the title of the album are explained by Manos Hadjidakis in the introductory note he wrote for the album:

Track listing

References

External links
[ Gioconda's Smile at Allmusic]
Gioconda's Smile live at YouTube
Manos Hadjidakis official website

1965 albums
Manos Hatzidakis albums
Albums produced by Quincy Jones
Fontana Records albums
EMI Records albums
EMI Classics albums


Stringer (pronounced to rhyme with "ringer") is an English occupational surname and occasionally used as a given name. It originally denoted a maker of rope or strings, and especially those for the famous English longbows used for both hunting and war. It is based on an agent derivative of the Old English streng, meaning "string," which is in turn based on the Old Norse strengr. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, George Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with ironworking, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.

Early examples of the surname recorded in authentic registers and charters of the medieval period include:
Roger le Strenger in 1293, Yorkshire;
Lady Godwyna Strenger in 1328, Somerset;
Richard Stringer, in 1679, a footsoldier of Barbados.

The first recorded spelling of the family name is believed to be that of Walter Stringere, which was dated 1194, in the Curia Regis Rolls for Wiltshire.

List of people

Surname
 Ahren Stringer, bassist and vocalist in the Australian band The Amity Affliction
 Alex J. Stringer, Canadian politician
 Arlene Stringer-Cuevas (1933-2020), American politician
 C. Vivian Stringer, Rutgers University women's basketball head coach
 Jake Stringer, Australian rules footballer for Essendon
 Chris Stringer, British anthropologist
 Dave Stringer, English former player and manager of the Norwich City football club
 Gary Stringer, member of Reef (band)
 George Stringer, English recipient of the Victoria Cross in World War I
 Jesse Stringer, Australian rules footballer for Geelong
 Jimmy Stringer, English footballer
 Graham Stringer, British Member of Parliament
 Howard Stringer, Chief Executive Officer of Sony Corporation
 John Bentley Stringer, British computer pioneer
 Korey Stringer, National Football League player who died of heat stroke during training camp
 Lee Stringer, American writer and editor
 Lew Stringer, English comic artist and scriptwriter
 Michael Stringer John Michael Stringer (1924–2004), film production designer
 Nick Stringer, English actor
 Peter Stringer, Irish rugby union footballer
 Scott Stringer (born 1960), American politician, 2021 mayoral candidate for New York City
 Vickie Stringer, American novelist
 Walter Stringer Sir Thomas Walter Stringer (1855–1944), New Zealand judge

Given name
 Stringer Davis (1896–1973), English actor
 Stringer Lawrence (1697–1775), English soldier of the East India Company

Fictional characters
 Marty Stringer, played by John Michael Higgins in Evan Almighty
 Mr. Stringer, the part that Davis played alongside his wife Margaret Rutherford in four Miss Marple films
 Stringer Bell, a fictional character on The Wire, whose name is a  composite of two real Baltimore criminals', Stringer Reed and Roland Bell

See also
Stringer (disambiguation)
Strenger

References

English-language surnames
Occupational surnames
English-language occupational surnames

fr:Stringer


Sumnam Pokhari  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,126 people living in 391 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District

Populated places in Sindhuli District


Plas Mawr () is an Elizabethan townhouse in Conwy, North Wales, dating from the 16th century. The property was built by Robert Wynn, a member of the local gentry, following his marriage to his first wife, Dorothy Griffith. Plas Mawr occupied a plot of land off Conwy's High Street and was constructed in three phases between 1576 and 1585 at a total cost of around £800. Wynn was known for his hospitality, and the household was supported by Wynn's local dairy herds, orchards and gardens. On his death he laid out complex instructions for dividing his estate; the resulting law-case took years to resolve, effectively preventing the redevelopment of the house and preserving it in its original condition.

After 1683 Plas Mawr passed into the hands of the Mostyn family and ceased to be used as a family home. It was rented out for various purposes during the 18th and 19th centuries, including for use as a school, cheap lodgings and finally as the headquarters of the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art. In the 20th century the house became increasingly well known for its preserved Elizabethan architecture, but the costs of maintenance grew considerably and its condition deteriorated. The Welsh heritage agency Cadw took over the management of the property in 1993 and carried out an extensive, 42-month-long restoration project at a total cost of £3.3 million. With many of its rooms redecorated to resemble their condition in 1665, and replanted Renaissance gardens, it is now run as a tourist attraction.

Architecturally, Plas Mawr is almost unchanged from the 16th century, and the historian Rick Turner considers the house to be "the finest surviving town house of the Elizabethan era". Plas Mawr shows a blend of continental Renaissance and local North Wales influences, with an innovative floor-plan and architectural detailing. The house still retains much of its original plasterwork, which incorporates symbols, badges and heraldry, which the historian Peter Smith has described as "the most perfect and the most complete memorial to Elizabethan Wales." The architecture of the house influenced other contemporary projects in North Wales, and was later copied during the 19th and 20th centuries in buildings around the town of Conwy, including the local police station and nearby hotel.

History

16th–17th centuries

Plas Mawr was built in the town of Conwy between 1576 and 1585 by Robert Wynn. Robert came from a prosperous local family and entered the service of first Sir Walter Stonor and then Sir Philip Hoby, both administrators and senior officials to King Henry VIII. Robert fought and was injured at the siege of Boulogne in 1544, took part in military campaigns in Scotland and traveled extensively across Europe. He invested in land across North Wales and married his first wife, Dorothy Griffith, a member of the local gentry, in 1570. Once married, Robert needed a suitable house and chose to settle in Conwy, a prosperous town that was known in the 16th century for its genteel society.

In 1570, Robert paid Hugh Mershe £200 for an existing "mansion house" in Conwy, positioned in the middle of a burgage plot on what is now Crown Lane. More land to the north of this was purchased from a Richard Peake in 1576 for £40, and work then began on the north wing of Plas Mawr, which was completed by the following year. Mershe's former house was pulled down to allow the preparation of the foundations of the rest of the building, including the digging of fresh drains. Robert lived in the completed north wing until 1580, when the central and south ranges were built, finishing the main part of Plas Mawr.

Robert went on to rent further land around the north of Plas Mawr. The land at the south end of the burgage, however, facing onto the High Street, belonged to a Robert Laythwood, who had a house there. Wynne purchased this in 1585, probably for the relatively high price of £40, and demolished it to enable the final phase of development, using the space to build a gatehouse that formed the new entrance to Plas Mawr. Further small pieces of land were bought on the north-west side of the house and converted into an ornamental garden, bringing the total cost of the land to around £300. The result was the grandest Elizabethan town house in Wales at the time.

These three phases of house construction – 1576–77, 1580 and 1585 – were probably overseen by several different senior craftsmen, possibly working to an original plan determined by a surveyor or mason working at the English royal court. Judging by the details of the roof design, a single master carpenter may have been used for all three parts of the build; he probably worked elsewhere across the region during these years, including on 15 other houses and two churches. Both of the first two phases of work  were probably conducted by the same team of plasterers, possibly from London, and they used as much as  of lime plaster on the rendering. Timber and slates were brought down the Conwy valley for the house, with grey Silurian grit rubble quarried from the hills near the town, and finer sandstone brought from nearby Deganwy. The total of the building work was probably around £500.

Entertainment and hospitality were important to a gentleman's 16th-century social status and, according to his nephew, the antiquarian John Wynn, Robert Wynn kept a "worthy plentiful house". The household was supported by milk from Wynn's own dairy herds, and by food from the orchards, gardens and a fish trap that he owned around the town. The house had its own brewing, baking and dairy facilities, and further supplies were bought in from regional merchants.

Dorothy died in 1586 and Robert married Dorothy Dymock, with whom he had seven children at Plas Mawr. When Robert died in 1598 he left a complex will that led to legal disputes between the family and the executor, Sir Roger Mostyn. The legal case effectively halted any further development of the house, by now the most prominent in Conwy, until its resolution in 1630. The property passed to Robert's grandson, another Robert Wynn, in 1637, and onto his daughter, Elin in 1683. By 1665, the house was equipped to a quality and style that would have put it only just behind the houses of the major gentry families in Caernarfonshire. Elin then married into the Wynne family, and made little use of the house, and it ultimately passed by marriage into the Mostyn family.

18th–19th centuries
The Mostyns' principal residence was Mostyn Hall in Flintshire and so the family rented out Plas Mawr to various tenants during the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 18th century the gatehouse was used as a courthouse and the main house as cheap housing. In the 19th century, parts of the house were converted into a school and space for other small businesses, as well as still being used for domestic accommodation: in 1881, the house had 25 residents. Minor changes were made to Plas Mawr in the process, such as the installation of partition walls to subdivide the larger rooms, but it remained largely intact. The Mostyns offered the house for sale in 1870, as part of a package of land including Bodysgallen Hall, but there were no offers.

By the 1880s, the Royal Cambrian Academy of Art became concerned about the condition of Plas Mawr, and  in 1887 Lord Mostyn agreed to lease the building to the Academy for use as their headquarters. The architects Arthur and Herbert Baker were commissioned to survey the building, conduct repairs and remove some of the post-17th century alterations, and J. R. Furness then carried out conservation work on much of the plasterwork. The Victoria Gallery was built onto the north-west side of the house to hold artistic exhibitions, and a weather vane was added to the top of the building to celebrate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.

20th–21st centuries

By the early 20th century, Plas Mawr's historical significance was increasingly well understood, but the costs of maintaining the house grew considerably. By the middle of the century, the finer sandstone had corroded and the timber beams were deteriorating; a 1956 survey described them as "much decayed". The plaster ceilings were bowing and coming away from their timbers. The Academy of Art sought government and private assistance to undertake temporary and partial repairs, but these were insufficient and in 1993 it moved into new accommodation and the property was passed into the control of the state, under the management of the Welsh heritage agency Cadw.

Cadw carried out a major restoration project on the house over the next 42 months, combining large scale conservation with detailed surveying and archaeological analysis. The 19th-century Victoria Galley was demolished in 1995, and the bare, external stonework was re-rendered and lime washed. Large parts of the property were restored as they might have appeared in 1665, assisted by the record of Robert Wynn the younger's will, with the exception of the attic, which was restored to its probable 19th-century appearance. The intention of this was to emphasize the colour and comfort of the original building, to prevent it appearing inauthentically bleak and austere. The Great Chamber is available for wedding ceremonies. Other sections of the house were redeveloped to hold exhibition displays and other visitor facilities.

The restoration included installing original and replica interior furnishings, using wall hangings woven from Kidderminster stuff and Dornix. In what historical consultant Charles Kightly has praised as a "brave and successful" decision, much of the plasterwork was repainted, using reversible techniques, to resemble its 17th-century condition. In total the project cost £3.3 million, and won the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Building Conservation Award. Further work followed in 2006 to restore the gardens, again attempting to replicate the style prevalent in 1665.

In the 21st century the house is operated as a tourist attraction by Cadw. The historian Rick Turner considers Plas Mawr to be "the finest surviving town house of the Elizabethan era" and it is protected under UK law as a Grade I listed building and as a scheduled monument.

Architecture

Influences
Architecturally, Plas Mawr is almost unchanged from the 16th century, making it a very rare survival from this period. The architectural style is a product of the broader Renaissance influences prevalent across Europe at the time. Robert Wynn spent time in Germany, and the style of Plas Mawr makes use of North German Gothic themes, particularly in its use of symmetry, the pedimented windows at the front of the house, faceted finials and crow-stepped gables. These features were already popular in England when the house was built, and indeed Plas Mawr is very similar in design to Eastbury Manor House, the two possibly being based on the same architectural plan. Some of these features had already begun to spread into Wales – crow-stepped gables, for example, were already being used in Flintshire by the 1580s – but others were ground breaking in Wales, such as the use of ovolo-moulded and dormer windows. Nonetheless, Robert Wynn was only an emerging member of the gentry, and his house was not as large or as sophisticated as contemporary grander Renaissance properties built in larger rural settings.

Some of the house's architecture also reflects the influences from contemporary buildings across North Wales, in particular Gwydir Castle, built by Robert Wynn's father John. Plas Mawr lacks a fashionable long gallery, for example, which was popular in England at the time, and was already beginning to appear in Welsh houses. Instead, it has a rear turret, or belvedere, which is raised prominently above the height of the rest of the house, overlooking the town: this was a slightly antiquated feature, but was widely used in other Wynn family properties, including Bodysgallen Hall. The design of Plas Mawr influenced other buildings in North Wales at the time, including the redecoration of Gwydir Castle, Maenan Hall further up the Conwy valley, Plas Mawr in Caernarfon and Hen Blas in Beaumaris. It also later shaped the architecture of 19th- and 20th-century buildings in Conwy itself, surviving examples of which include the town's police station and the Castlebank Hotel.

Layout

Modern visitors typically enter the house from the High Street to the south, passing through the gatehouse, across the lower courtyard into the hall of the main building. Plas Mawr's gatehouse was only the third such entrance building to be built in North Wales, despite gatehouses being an important part of English Elizabethan architecture, designed to show off the house and provide a suitably dignified entry for visitors. Few houses in towns had the physical space for a gatehouse like Plas Mawr's. Originally, the gatehouse would have contained a suite of rooms for the steward of the house, Richard Wynn.

The main house forms an "H"-shape, with a north and a south wing joined in the middle, all facing onto an upper courtyard. The upper courtyard was key to the way that the main house functioned: it linked almost all the ground floor rooms in the house, as well as providing access to the cellars, and gave an impressive view of the turret towers. In the south wing was the hall and the buttery, with the red and white chambers above them. Probably when Plas Mawr was first built, and certainly by 1665, the hall would have been used to meet ordinary visitors and for servants' meals, rather than forming the main room of the house; the wooden benches and table on display are original to the property. Traditionally, the service rooms in houses had been placed at the far end of the main hall, but Plas Mawr departed from this design. The service area, including the kitchen and pantry, was instead placed in the centre of the building, between the parlour and the hall; this radical redesign was copied at nearby Hafod Lwyfog. The restored kitchen is equipped with a batterie de cuisine, with a combination of original and replica equipment.

Above these rooms was the great chamber, the main room which formed the ceremonial centre of the house. In the north wing was the brewhouse and the parlour, with two chambers above them, the latter possibly used by Dorothy Wynn as her bedroom. The private bedrooms for the family and guests were each equipped with a fireplace, an important status symbol in the period. The roof attics of the house contained a great deal of space for accommodating the household servants. The attic above the great chamber has a grand timber roof with arch-braced collar trusses, joined using an unusual system called "double pegging", which is only used in the Conwy valley during the late 16th century. It appears that the great chamber's ceiling was originally supposed to be open, looking up to the timbers with the trusses visible, but a mistake in the construction of the walls meant that one side of the chamber no longer fitted smoothly with the timbers, creating an ugly appearance; a plaster ceiling was then added to hide the error.

The gardens behind the house may originally have resembled the gardens at Bodysgallen Hall, which were laid out in the Renaissance style popular across Europe. The slope of the land results in Plas Mawr's gardens forming the upper and lower terraces, and these have been replanted and restored in an attempt to show them as they might have appeared in 1665. The summerhouse is based on a version shown in a contemporary painting of Llanerch's gardens, and the flowerpots are modeled on those found in excavations at Tredegar House.

Plasterwork

Seven rooms still possess elements of their original plasterwork, which the historian Peter Smith has described as "the most perfect and the most complete memorial to Elizabethan Wales", and their original wooden carved panels that line the walls. The plasterwork includes extensive heraldry, badges and symbols: in the upper north range alone, 22 different heraldic emblems are molded into the ceilings and walls. The gatehouse shows the royal arms, as do the great chamber and the parlour, probably because they were intended to host senior guests. The badges of numerous monarchs are included throughout the house, including those of Richard II, Richard III, Henry IV and Henry VII. The badges of other prominent nobles, such as Robert Dudley, are also featured in the house.

The plasterwork in the parlour displays the arms of Robert Wynn himself, and Robert Wynn's bedchamber above the brewhouse shows the combined arms of the Wynn and Griffith families, which are generally given equal prominence throughout the house. Robert Wynn's arms are most prominent in the hall and the bedchambers, where the royal arms are smaller and less prominent. In the 16th century, Wynn's heraldry would probably have been echoed in the furnishings of the house, including the fabrics, cups and silverware. The plasterwork also incorporates a number of classical themes, but these are not as well executed as the badges and other emblems: the historian Rick Turner describes them as "rather token additions", and Smith considers this part of the decoration to be "naive".

See also
 Medieval Merchant's House
 Rothe House
 Barley Hall

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links
Cadw website for Plas Mawr

Buildings and structures in Conwy
Houses in Conwy County Borough
Museums in Conwy County Borough
Country houses in Wales
Historic house museums in Wales
Grade I listed buildings in Conwy County Borough
Cadw


Silver Streak is a fictional superhero character created by Joe Simon that first appeared in Silver Streak Comics #3 (cover-dated March 1940), from Lev Gleason Publications. He is believed to be the second-ever comic book superhero whose primary power is speed; All-American Publications' The Flash preceded him by two months. However, Silver Streak beat out National Allied Publications' Johnny Quick (who debuted in 1941) as the first superhero whose two powers were speed and flight. Silver Streak has a kid sidekick called "Mercury" (soon changed to "Meteor"); he is also assisted by a falcon named "Whiz".

Publication history
Silver Streak Comics was originally published by Arthur Bernhardt's Rhoda Publications, and the title was inspired by Bernhardt's car, a Pontiac Silver Streak. With issue #3, the title was taken over by Lev Gleason Publications and Silver Streak himself first appeared. Silver Streak appeared in Silver Streak Comics until issue #19 (March 1942); the title itself ended with #21, and was renamed Crime Does Not Pay. Also during this run, Silver Streak appeared in Lev Gleason's Daredevil #1.

In 1945, Silver Streak appeared in the only issue of Dime Comics, and in 1946 he appeared in the 22nd and 23rd final issues of the briefly revived Silver Streak Comics. Since then, the character has fallen into the public domain. In the mid-1980s, Roy Thomas featured the "Scarlet Streak" in his limited series Alter Ego.

In 2008, he appeared in issue #141 of The Savage Dragon, along with a score of other Golden Age heroes. Also in 2008, Silver Streak appeared in flashbacks in issue #0 of Dynamite Entertainment's Project Superpowers, a title that uses mostly public domain Golden Age characters. In the one-shot Project Superpowers: Chapter Two Prelude. He later appeared in the related Dynamite miniseries The Death-Defying ’Devil. Editor Erik Larsen's "Next Issue Project" (Image Comics) published Silver Streak Comics "#24" (Dec. 2009), featuring Silver Streak in one story, written and illustrated by Paul Grist.

Fictional biography

Lev Gleason Publications
In Supermen! The First Wave of Comic Book Heroes, Greg Sadowski says that "Silver Streak's origin... is one of the most contrived and convoluted stories of the early golden age, and that's saying something". In 1940, a taxicab driver (name unknown) applied for a position as a race car driver (all of the previous drivers of the "Silver Streak" having been killed by a giant fly sent by a mad scientist named Dr. Katan) and was hypnotized by a mysterious swami (name unknown) into believing: "You are the Silver Streak—the strongest, bravest, fastest man in the world". The cab driver was apparently killed in a crash caused by the fly and was buried, but the swami believed it was "merely a hypnotic trance" and used his mystical powers to bring him back to life, after which the swami declared: "It is as I feared, the hypnosis has become part of his mind... he is now all-powerful, a man to be feared!" Motivated by a strong desire to make the world a better place, he donned a colorful costume and fought against crime, Nazi spies, and The Claw, calling himself "Silver Streak". He changed costumes a few times over the years, but one detail that remained constant was the arrowhead-shaped emblem on his chest with the shape-fitting "SS" inside it; Don Markstein emphasized that the Silver Streak's costume "didn't contain a single silver-colored thread".

He later learned that anyone who receives a transfusion of his blood gains super-speed when a sheik steals it to inject a pet falcon (given the name "Whiz" in the next issue) who immediately gained speed and kinship with the Silver Streak, and to Mickey O'Toole, a kid sidekick initially called "Mercury" but who quickly became "Meteor".

In Silver Streak Comics #5 (July 1940), Jack Cole, who by this time was writing and drawing the character's adventures, directly addressed the readers and explained the hero's motivations:

The Streak wears a ring emblazoned with a "V" for Victory; in one story, he rescues Mercury from the Nazis, and punches Adolf Hitler in the face, leaving a "V" mark on the dictator's face.

Project Superpowers
At some point after World War II, Silver Streak and other heroes were imprisoned in the mystical Urn of Pandora by the misguided Fighting Yank. Decades later the Urn was broken and the heroes released; Silver Streak emerged (wearing a red and silver costume similar to his original one) just in time to aid his former ally The Death-Defying ’Devil against a terrorist attack. Exactly what part this hero will play in the modern world remains to be seen.

Living Legends
The Metahuman Press serial Living Legends has introduced a new version of Silver Streak. This character is an Asian female, native to the fictional city of Riccapoor, home of The Claw.

References

External links

1939 comics debuts
Comics characters introduced in 1939
Dynamite Entertainment characters
Savage Dragon characters
Golden Age superheroes
Public domain comics
American comics characters
Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Characters created by Joe Simon
Characters created by Jack Binder
Fictional taxi drivers


The Men's C-2 1000 metres event was an open-style, pairs canoeing event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 2000 Summer Olympics program.

Medalists

Results

Heats
14 teams entered in two heats. The top three finishers from each heat advanced directly to the finals while the remaining teams were relegated to the semifinal.

Overall Results Heats

Semifinal
The top three finishers from the semifinal advanced to the final.

Final

References
2000 Summer Olympics Canoe sprint results.
Sports-reference.com 2000 C-2 1000 m results.
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Men's Canadian Doubles 1000 Meters". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 484.

Men's C-2 1000
Men's events at the 2000 Summer Olympics


The Women's Shot Put F33-34/52/53 had its Final held on September 15 at 9:10.

Medalists

Results

References
Final

Athletics at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's athletics


The RBC Tennis Championships of Dallas (formerly known as Challenger of Dallas) is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the T Bar M Racquet Club in Dallas, United States, since 1998.

Former RBC Tennis Championships of Dallas players include former world No.1 and 16-time doubles Grand Slam winners, Mike and Bob Bryan, 2014 Wimbledon doubles champions, Jack Sock and Vasek Pospisil, U.S. Open finalist Kei Nishikori, Career Golden Slam achiever, Daniel Nestor, former world No.4, James Blake, Sam Querrey, Kyle Edmund, Frances Tiafoe and Steve Johnson.

Past finals

Singles

Doubles

External links
Official website
ITF search

ATP Challenger Tour
Hard court tennis tournaments in the United States
Sports competitions in Dallas
Challenger of Dallas
Recurring sporting events established in 1998


Class 70 may refer to:
Rail vehicles:
United Kingdom :
British Rail Class 70 (electric), electric locomotives built by the Southern Railway in the 1940s
British Rail Class 70 (diesel), diesel locomotives built by GE Transportation in the 2000s
Germany:
 DRG Class 70, a class of German passenger locomotive with a 2-4-0T wheel arrangement operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and comprising the:
 DRG Class 70.0: Bavarian Pt 2/3
 DRG Class 70.1: Baden I g
 DRG Class 70.2: ELE T 4
 DR Class 70.61, DR Class 70.63 and DR Class 70.64 : locomotives taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) in East Germany in 1949
 DRG Class 70.71: Bavarian D IX


Geostari (Georgian: ჯეოსტარი) is the Georgian franchise of the Idol series, which airs on Rustavi 2. Georgia is the fifth former Soviet country to have acquired an Idol franchise after Armenia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, and Russia.

History
The series began on 2006 as an Idol spin-off, but it is only in its third season in 2008 that it has enable to acquire a license from FremantleMedia, owner of the Idol franchise which resulted in a change of the rules following the same format as other Idol shows were only the viewers decide upon the verdict of the contestants. Former seasons have seen the judges saving one of the bottom two contestants with their Power of Veto at the end of each episode.

The sixth season started in October 2010 and ended December 31, 2011. After six seasons known as Geostari, the program was to be redeveloped in 2012 by Rustavi 2 to the new title of საქართველოს ვარსკვლავი or Sakartvelos Varskvlavi (Georgian Idol) was to premiere in September however was delayed to the 2012 Georgian protests. The program eventually returned in 2019 and was used to select the Georgian representative for the Eurovision Song Contest.

Contestants
Giorgi Sukhitashvili won the third season making him the first male contestant to win the show following the two women Tiko Chulukhadze and Ani Kekua. It is therefore also the first former Soviet country which saw victory for both genders in its Idol adaptation whereas Narodniy Artist (Russia) and  SuperStar KZ (Kazakhstan) only had male winners and Hay Superstar (Armenia) and Eesti otsib superstaari (Estonia) only had females.

Hosts and Judges

Season 4
Hosts
Duta Skhirtladze
Anano Mjhavia

Judges
Marina Beridze
Levan Tsuladze
Buba Kikabidze

Bottom three Statistics

Season 3

Elimination chart

Season 3

Season 4

Season 5

Levan Kbilashvili quit the show after a car accident. Therefore, Indira Gerenaia, who was voted off the last in the competition, was brought back as the replacement. The producers decided to give a second chance to Levan in the next season
Ani Siradze quit the show by her own decision. Therefore, Natia Dumadze, who was voted off the last in the competition, was brought back as the replacement.

Season 6

See also
Nina Sublatti

References

External links
 Season 1 Official website
 Season 2 Official website
 Season 3 Official website
 Season 4 Official website
 Season 5 Official website

Idols (franchise)
2006 Georgia (country) television series debuts
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Non-British television series based on British television series
2010s Georgia (country) television series
Rustavi 2 original programming
Georgia (country) in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest selection events


Märt Avandi (born 26 February 1981) is an Estonian actor and comedian.

Biography
He is known in Estonia for his performances in TV show Tujurikkuja (2008–2015) with Ott Sepp, he got more famous and got more respected in Estonia.

Avandi has worked as an actor in Rakvere Theatre (2004–2006), Endla Theatre (2006–2008; 2015–...) and Estonian Drama Theatre (2009–2014).

He is the chairman and spokesperson for the Estonian Union of Parents with Children with Cancer and organizer of rubber duck races for charity.

Selected filmography

Films

Television

References

External links

1981 births
Estonian male film actors
Estonian male television actors
Estonian male stage actors
Living people
People from Rapla
21st-century Estonian male actors
Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 4th Class


Arthur D. Nicholson Jr. (7 June 1947 – 24 March 1985) was a United States Army military intelligence officer shot by a Soviet sentry while engaged in intelligence-gathering activities as part of an authorized military liaison mission which operated under reciprocal U.S.–Soviet authority. Military liaison missions were ostensibly liaisons between the British, French and U.S. forces and the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (East Germany), but they had a known intelligence-gathering secondary mission and an important role to verify that offensive action was not being prepared.  Reciprocal groups were authorized and operated by both the British, French and U.S. (in East Germany) and the Soviet Union (in West Germany) during the Cold War. Nicholson is officially regarded by the U.S. Department of Defense as having been a victim of "murder" and the final "victim" of the Cold War. Nicholson's death led to a U.S. – Soviet crisis and intense negotiations regarding the military liaison missions.

Career as intelligence officer
Nicholson was the son of a career navy officer. He graduated from Joel Barlow High School of Redding, Connecticut, in 1965 and earned a bachelor's degree from Transylvania University in 1969 before joining the U.S. Army in 1970.

Nicholson was commissioned as a military intelligence (MI) officer and served as a Battalion S-2 (officer in charge of the staff section responsible for intelligence products and analysis) with a missile battalion in Korea during 1973 and 1974. From 1974 to 1979, he served with MI units in Frankfurt am Main and Munich in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Following this, Nicholson became a foreign area officer. In 1980, he earned a master's degree in Soviet and East European studies from the Naval Postgraduate School and also attended a two-year course in the Russian language at the Defense Language Institute. From 1980 to 1982, Nicholson attended the U.S. Army's Russian Institute in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.

In 1982, Nicholson was assigned to the U.S. Military Liaison Mission (USMLM) to the Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces Germany. He was promoted to major in 1983.

Death

On March 24, 1985, with Sergeant Jessie G. Schatz, Nicholson undertook his final mission for the USMLM. The mission was to photograph a Soviet tank storage building near Ludwigslust, some  northwest of Berlin. After approaching the Soviet facility covertly but legitimately through an adjacent forest, Nicholson stepped out of the vehicle and approached the building to photograph it while Sergeant Schatz maintained a watch for Soviet personnel.

Unseen by either man, Soviet Sergeant Aleksandr Ryabtsev emerged from the forest and opened fire on the Americans. The first bullet narrowly missed Schatz, and another bullet struck Nicholson. After crying out that he had been hit, Nicholson fell to the ground. Attempting to go to Nicholson's aid, Schatz was halted by Ryabtsev at gunpoint and forced back into the USMLM vehicle.

Although the Soviets later claimed that Nicholson died instantly, an autopsy indicated that he had actually bled to death while on the ground.

Even as more senior Soviet personnel arrived, no medical aid for Nicholson was provided and no one checked his conditions for two hours after he was shot.

After an attempt by the Soviets to perform an autopsy of Nicholson and a demand by General Glenn K. Otis that they return the body, Nicholson's body was returned to the U.S. Army at the Glienicke Bridge in Berlin.

On March 30, 1985, Nicholson was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. He was posthumously awarded the Purple Heart and the Legion of Merit as well as promoted to lieutenant colonel.

The Soviets contended that the response of Sergeant Ryabtsev, as a guard, had been appropriate in confronting an "unknown intruder who did not comply with the warnings of the sentry", and also stated that the area that Major Nicholson was in was "off-limits" to military liaison mission operations, as well as placing blame for the incident on the United States.

Aftermath
At a subsequent meeting between General Otis and General Mikhail Zaitsev, the commander of Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, General Otis made it clear that the U.S. Army believed that Nicholson's murder was "officially condoned, if not directly ordered."

Following this, a Soviet diplomat was ordered out of the U.S. and the U.S. canceled plans to jointly celebrate the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe with the Soviets.

The incident was also the first major foreign policy crisis faced by Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the Soviet Union. The relatively muted U.S. response drew criticism from various sources, among them George Will.

Further negotiations over the shooting resulted in the Soviets issuing instructions to their personnel that the use of force or weapons against Allied military liaison personnel was strictly forbidden. However, in 1987, another incident took place in which Soviet soldiers fired at USMLM personnel, one of whom was wounded. In 1988, Soviet Defense Minister Dmitry Yazov officially apologized for the death of Major Nicholson to U.S. Defense Secretary Frank C. Carlucci at a summit conference in Moscow.

Nicholson Hall, located at the United States Army Intelligence Center in Fort Huachuca, Arizona, is named in his honor.

References

Sources

 USAREUR report of 1988
 Nicholson Memorial with photos, Website of the USMLM
 Tödliche Schüsse ohne Vorwarnung, Der Spiegel, 20 March 2005
 "Soviets Offer Apology In Killing of U.S. Major". New York Times. 15 June 1988.

External links

 The Embracing Forest First-person account of 20th anniversary memorial in Ludwigslust.
 Arthur D. Nicholson, Jr. at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website

1947 births
1985 deaths
United States military attachés
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Defense Language Institute alumni
People of the Cold War
People from Redding, Connecticut
Soviet Union–United States relations
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army officers
American military personnel killed in action
Deaths by firearm in East Germany


Do sreće daleko, do Boga visoko (English translation: Happiness is Too Far Away, God is Too High Up) is the seventeenth studio album by Bosnian Serb singer Mile Kitić. It was released in 1998. This is the first album that was produced and released under the label Grand Production.

Track listing

References

1998 albums
Mile Kitić albums
Grand Production albums


Adams County Regional Medical Center (ACRMC) is a 25-bed public hospital located near Seaman, Ohio. Operating since the 1940s, they moved to a new building in 2007. The hospital serves Adams County, Ohio.

Services
Services include Inpatient Hospice Suite, Sleep Studies Center, Outpatient IV Therapy Suite and Outpatient Observation, Emergency Department; a Surgical Suite, an endoscopy suite and a same-day surgery suite. ACRMC is certified as an American Heart Association Training Center.  ACRMC has maintained accreditation by The Joint Commission since 1986.

Hospital rating data
The HealthGrades website contains the latest quality data for Adams County Medical Center, as of 2015. For this rating section three different types of data from HealthGrades are presented: quality ratings for four inpatient conditions and procedures, four patient safety indicators, percentage of patients giving the hospital a 9 or 10 (the two highest possible ratings).

For inpatient conditions and procedures, there are three possible ratings: worse than expected, as expected, better than expected.  For Adams County Medical Center the data for this category is:
Worse than expected - 2
As expected - 2
Better than expected - 0

For patient safety indicators, there are the same three possible ratings. For this hospital four indicators were rated as:
Worse than expected - 0
As expected - 4
Better than expected - 0

Data for patients giving this hospital a 9 or 10 are:
Patients rating this hospital as a 9 or 10 - 66%
Patients rating hospitals as a 9 or 10 nationally - 69%

References

External links
 Adams County Regional Medical Center (ACRMC) Web Site
 Ohio Hospital Association profile

Adams County, Ohio
Buildings and structures in Adams County, Ohio
Hospital
Hospitals in Ohio


Shieldhill is a village within the Falkirk council area in Central Scotland. The village is  south-east of Falkirk,  south-west of Polmont and  north of the village of California.

Shieldhill is divided into a few main parts: " The California end" and the old " scheme end " to the west, and the newer Bovis and the original old miners rows which have existed in some way for approximately 150 years. The main road through Shieldhill is the B8028 road between California and Glen Village and the B810 road from Reddingmuirhead. At the time of the 2001 census, Shieldhill had a population of 2,656 residents.

Amenities
There are two corner shops, a bar, The C Side chippy and the spicy cottage takeaway as well as a Post Office in Shieldhill. There is also a wedding centre nearby, The Three Kings. Shieldhill is also close to a new Tesco supermarket which is located  away in neighbouring Reddingmuirhead.

The village of Shieldhill has one primary school, Shieldhill Primary School.

Governance
The village forms part of the Falkirk constituency for UK general elections and part of the Falkirk East constituency in Scottish Parliament elections.

See also
Falkirk Braes villages
List of places in Falkirk council area

References

External links

Canmore - Easter Shieldhill site record

Villages in Falkirk (council area)
Grangemouth
Mining communities in Scotland


Feely (Irish: Ó Fithcheallaigh) is an Irish Gaelic clan or family from northern Connacht, Ireland, primarily the counties of Sligo, Roscommon and Leitrim. They are a member of the Síol Muireadaigh, a tribal confederation of clans that descend from a common ancestor. The Síol Muireadaigh are the leading group of the Uí Briúin Ai, who ruled Connacht for over 700 years with only one exception. The Síol Muireadaigh claim descent from Muiredach Muillethan (meaning the broad-crowned sea warrior) King of Connacht (died 702). The Feely family are closely linked with the O'Conor Don family and share the same clan crest, only without the motto.

Modern usage

Connaught Rangers and Boyle
The Feely clan has a long history of enlistment with the Connaught Rangers ("The Devil's Own') of Boyle, Roscommon. A Feely is noted as being involved in the Connaught Rangers Mutiny in India of 1920, saying to Captain LC. Badham "Private Feely said to me 'You are not going to shoot down any more innocent unarmed Irishmen' or words to that effect.". The mutiny was in response to the many atrocities being committed by the British army in Ireland during the War of Independence.  Many Feelys lived in Boyle and continue to live there today. Feelystone, a stone masonry business open since 1780, was founded by Christy Feely.

The Irish War of Independence and other conflicts
James E. Feely is noted as being involved in one of the first engagements of the Irish war of Independence, an Irish Republican Brotherhood raider during the Rockingham raid. Henry J. Feely is noted as being a Prisoner of War and Commandant of the Irish Republican Army. Many Feelys were active in the IRA and IRB during the War of Independence. Colonel Peter Feely was one of three platoon commanders in the now infamous Siege of Jadotville during the United Nations Operation in the Congo of 1961.

Other spellings
Anglicized versions of the original Ó Fithcheallaigh spelling include but are not limited to Feeley, Feely, O'Feely, O'Feeley, Fehilly, O'Fehilly, and Field.

Notable people
 Tom McFeely  (born 1949), "Commanding Officer" of the IRA men imprisoned in H Block at Long Kesh
 Frank Feely (21st century), Northern Irish politician
 Herta Feely, writer and child safety activist
 Jay Feely (born 1976), American football placekicker
 John J. Feely (1875–1905), American politician
 Orla Feely (born c.1964), Professor of Engineering
 Terence Feely (1928–2000), British screenwriter
 Rory Feely (born 1997), Irish footballer

See also
 Feeley

References

Irish clans
Surnames of Irish origin


USS Michael Monsoor (DDG-1001) is the second ship of the three-ship  of guided missile destroyers. The Zumwalt-class was designed as a multi-mission surface combatant for land attack and littoral operations with a mission of supporting both ground campaigns and the joint/naval battlespace. The main guns are a pair of Advanced Gun Systems (AGS). The Navy cancelled the ammunition procurement program for the only type of ammunition it can use, so the AGS cannot provide naval gunfire support and the Zumwalts were repurposed for surface warfare.

Design
Michael Monsoor is the second Zumwalt-class destroyer. The ship is  in length, with a beam of  and displacing approximately 15,000 tons. Michael Monsoor has a crew size of approximately 148 officers and sailors; she can make speed in excess of .

Namesake

Michael Monsoor is named after Master-at-Arms Second Class Michael A. Monsoor (1981–2006), a United States Navy SEAL killed during the Iraq War and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

Construction and career
Assembly of modules for Michael Monsoor began in March 2010. The keel laying and authentication ceremony for Michael Monsoor was held at the General Dynamics-Bath Iron Works shipyard on 23 May 2013. Michael Monsoor was launched on 21 June 2016.

Electrical failure during trials
On 4 December 2017, Michael Monsoor had problems with the complex electrical system which ended builders' trials early and forced the ship to return to the General Dynamics Bath Iron Works shipyard in Maine. A harmonic filter aboard failed one day after she left the yard. The ship returned to the yard on 5 December 2017. Harmonic filters are used in complex electrical systems to prevent unintended power fluctuations from damaging sensitive equipment. The delay in sea trials would not affect her expected March 2018 delivery.

Service with the U.S. Navy
The Navy chose to use an unusual two-part commissioning scheme for the Zumwalt-class. The initial commissioning was done prior to weapons systems integration, and the ships were placed in the status of "in commission, special", before sailing to San Diego for weapons installation and final acceptance. Zumwalt and Michael Monsoor used this scheme, while the third and final ship in the class, Lyndon B. Johnson, will use the more traditional approach with formal commissioning after final acceptance.

Michael Monsoor was delivered to the Navy in April 2018, and commissioned on 26 January 2019, at Naval Air Station North Island. She is homeported at Naval Base San Diego. Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Mike Gilday visited Michael Monsoor while in San Diego on 25 February 2021.

Michael Monsoor participated in RIMPAC 2022.

Gallery

See also
 Mountain Warfare Training Camp Michael Monsoor

References

 Attribution

External links

 NavSource: USS Michael Monsoor (DDG-1001)
 USS Monsoor, May 2013

2016 ships
Zumwalt-class destroyers


The 1995 Asian Super Cup was the 1st Asian Super Cup, a football match played between the winners of the previous season's Asian Club Championship and Asian Cup Winners Cup competitions. The 1995 competition was contested by Thai Farmers Bank of Thailand, who won the 1994–95 Asian Club Championship, and Yokohama Flügels of Japan, the winners of the 1994–95 Asian Cup Winners' Cup.

Route to the Super Cup

Thai Farmers Bank

1Farmers Bank goals always recorded first.
2 The AFC ordered that 2nd leg was to be played in Malaysia due to a plague threat in India, but Mohun Bagan objected to the ruling; they were ejected from the competition, fined $3000 and banned from AFC competitions for three years.

Yokohama Flügels

1Yokohama' goals always recorded first.

Game summary

|}

First leg

Second leg

References
Asian Super Cup 1995 (AFC)
Asian Super Cup 1995 (RSSSF)

Asian Super Cup
Super
1995
1995
Asia
Asian Super Cup
Asian Super Cup
Asian Super Cup
Thai Farmers Bank matches
Yokohama Flügels matches


Bernard Smith (September 20, 1907 – December 21, 1999) was an American literary editor, film producer, and literary critic.  He is best remembered for his work at the Knopf publishing house, where he edited B. Traven, Raymond Chandler, and Dashiell Hammett, and Langston Hughes.

Early life
Bernard Smith was born on September 20, 1907, in New York City. His father was a businessman and his mother was a housewife. He attended City University of New York.

Career
In 1928, Smith began working for Alfred A. Knopf, where he was eventually made simultaneously editor-in-chief and managing editor. He became Traven's first American editor, and took a free hand in revising Traven's initially rough English.

In 1939, Smith published his Forces in American Criticism, a historical and critical survey of American literature and literary criticism from a Marxist perspective. Smith, though never a Communist Party member, was a committed Marxist; but the book was undogmatic and was well received in the mainstream literary academy, including favorable notice from critics such as Austin Warren.  He collaborated with Malcolm Cowley while working for the New Republic in his early 20s.

Smith moved in 1947 to Hollywood, where he worked in the film industry, first for Samuel Goldwyn as a script editor. In 1950, he became an independent producer, producing such Hollywood films such as Elmer Gantry and How the West was Won. In 1963 he partnered as a producer with director John Ford, making films such as Cheyenne Autumn.

In 1994 Smith published a memoir, A World Remembered: 1925-1950, which has been used academically as an autobiography supporting historical texts. He edited volumes including The Democratic Spirit: A Collection of American Writings From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (1941, second edition 1943), Books That Changed Our Minds, and The Holiday Reader with Philip Van Doren Stern. His work also included studies published in the 1940s of the painters Moses Soyer and David Burliuk.

Personal life
Smith's brother, Emil Smith  was a biologist and UCLA professor emeritus credited with having his work with plasma.   Emil is survived by his two sons, Geoffrey Smith, a Harvard graduate and current doctor at UCLA  and J. Donald Smith (Columbia, University of Chicago, Dartmouth, New England Gilbert and Sullivan Society)

Death
Smith died on December 21, 1999, at the Beverly Hills Rehabilitation Center in Beverly Hills, California.

Filmography
Immortal Gentleman (1935, producer).
Men Without Honour (1939, producer).
Elmer Gantry (1960, producer).
How the West Was Won (1962, producer).
Cheyenne Autumn (1964, producer).
7 Women (1966, producer).
Alfred the Great (1969, producer).

References

1907 births
1999 deaths
Writers from New York City
People from Beverly Hills, California
City University of New York alumni
American literary editors
Film producers from California
Film producers from New York (state)


The Norton 16H is a designation given to British motorcycles made between 1911 through to 1954 with various modifications and refers to a single cylinder Norton 490cc side valve engine with a bore and stroke of 79 x 100 mm. The H denotes the Home model as distinct from the Colonial export model.  Norton was the main military motorcycle supplier prior to WW2 and one of the main suppliers of motorcycles to the British Army in World War II with a total of nearly 100,000 produced.  British Army Nortons were also supplied to the Commonwealth forces such as Australian, New Zealand, India and the Canadian Army.

Development

In 1911 James Lansdowne Norton entered a side valve 490cc single in the new 500cc Senior Class race of the Isle of Man TT.  He was unplaced but the following year the motorcycle had been improved and won the Brooklands TT, setting three world records.

A drive chain was developed to replace the belt drive and although production was delayed by the First World War the Model 16 as it became known gained a Sturmey Archer gearbox and had a racing heritage that included 21 world records.

In 1921 Norton launched the 'Colonial' which was a Model 16 with higher ground clearance for use on poor quality roads, and designated the UK model as the 16H (for 'Home'). Despite its initial racing successes, the 16H was considered the "poor mans Norton" and never gained the superlative descriptions popular for the Norton racing machines.

WW2 WD16H
A 16H was first offered for military evaluation in 1932, together with a Norton Model 18 and a Norton Model 19.  It was found to be suitable and the Norton designers began working with the War Office on a range of developments and modifications. Military orders were placed for the 16H (designated WD16H for War Department use) from 1936 and continued throughout the course of the Second World War, setting a ten-year record for the longest time the War Office procured a single make of motorcycle. The entire staff of the Norton factory in Bracebridge Street Birmingham were needed to meet demand - even the racing team found themselves on the WD16H production line. A popular despatch machine, the WD16H was also used for training, reconnaissance, convoy control and escort duties.

Pre war, the RAF ordered many hundreds of machines with a non-driven 'box' or  Model G (person carrying) side-car.
Military Motorcycles left the Norton factory in Army Service Green, Khaki green, Khaki brown or Olive green, depending on colour specified at time of production.  Pre-war RAF machines (up to September 1939) were delivered in RAF Blue. Wartime RAF bikes were identically coloured as the "Army" bikes.  A number of machines were painted sand 'desert camouflage' by local workshops in the Middle East and used in Palestine and the North Africa Campaign.

Military motorcycle Production

The exact number of bikes and the manufacturing dates for the military machines produced after beginning of 1940 are not certain. The Norton Assembly Books for the military motorcycles are missing and probably destroyed.

Post war

After the end of hostilities in 1945 there were many thousands of Norton Model 16H motorcycles all over the world.  Some continued in use by the British and Commonwealth Armed forces  until the end of the 1950s. Many were sold by the War Department to other armed forces, including the Dutch, Belgian, Danish, Greek and Norwegian Army which used the 16H throughout the 1950s. The remainder were sold to dealers who converted them to civilian colours and specifications. The civilian Norton had a short center stand and the usual rear wheel mounted main stand. The girder fork springs, wheel rims and the headlamp were chromed giving it a more refined look. Not many Civilian Norton  16H motorcycles with girder frames were made making them the rarest of this model.

The 16H and the Model 18 were also the first civilian models built by Norton after ending of the hostilities. In 1947 the machine received its final modification with telescopic forks, improving handling and giving the bike a more modern look, despite its age. The basic engine configuration proved popular with customers so Norton continued production until the mid-1950s when the fashion for twin cylinder motorcycles was prevalent.  The 16H has a strong following of enthusiasts to this day.

See also
BSA M20 - similar size WWII military use motorcycle from BSA
 Norton Motorcycles
 Norton Big 4
 List of Norton motorcycles

See also
List of motorcycles of the 1920s
List of motorcycles of the 1930s
List of motorcycles of the 1940s
List of motorcycles of the 1950s

References

External links
Details of numbers plus 16H gallery
Pictures of Norton WD16H
A Norton 16h refurbishment gallery

Military motorcycles
16H
Motorcycles introduced in the 1910s


Vytenis Povilas Andriukaitis (born 9 August 1951) is WHO Special Envoy for the European region, the former European Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, a heart surgeon, a co-signatory to the 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.

Andriukaitis' family was deported to Siberia in June 1941. He, his mother and two older brothers were allowed to return to Lithuania in 1958; his father returned in 1959. After excelling at school, he enrolled at Kaunas Medical Institute, graduating in 1975. In 1976 Andriukaitis started his career in politics as a member of the underground Social Democrat movement, but later continued his studies by pursuing a degree in history at Vilnius University, graduating in 1984.

Andriukaitis was elected to the Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania, which preceded Seimas (Lithuanian Parliament), in 1990. Andriukaitis was a member of the Lithuanian Parliament for six terms, from 1992 to 2004 and from 2008 to 2012, and was a deputy chairman of its council from 2001 to 2004. He was a health minister of the Republic of Lithuania since December 2012 until the European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker appointed him to serve as an EU Commissioner in November 2014. After the term as European Commissioner for Health and Food Safety Andriukaitis became WHO Special Envoy for the European region in March 2020.

Early life
Vytenis Povilas Andriukaitis was born in Kyusyur, Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR. His father, Alfonsas Andriukaitis and mother Liuda Andriukaitienė, pregnant at the time, together with two small children were deported from Lithuania to Siberia by Soviet Communists in June 1941. While there, they only had access to Russian literature; Andriukaitis learned Lithuanian from his mother, who would write down Lithuanian fairy tales, which he would later read.

In 1954, the family received a permission to relocate to Olyokminsk in continental USSR. In 1957, they were allowed to return to Lithuania after his mother was awarded a medal of honour for raising five children. The family moved to Kaunas, Lithuania – he, his mother and two brothers, Antanas and Petras, joined later by their father Alfonsas in 1959. His older brothers were serving in the USSR Army – Šarūnas in Kaliningrad and Remigijus in Vladivostok.

Andriukaitis excelled at school and was awarded a "Gold medal" upon his graduation from Kaunas Middle School in 1969. It was uncommon to be awarded a medal of achievement without being a member of the "komjaunuoliai" (Young Communists). Right after graduation, he enrolled at Kaunas Medicine Institute graduating in 1975. He continued his studies, pursuing a degree in history at Vilnius University, graduating in 1984. He did not join the Communist party during his university years and was instead a member of the underground Social Democratic movement for independent Lithuania.

Medical career
In 1975 Andriukaitis started his medical internship at Kaunas 3rd Hospital. Following the internship, he was denied the right to choose the hospital for residency by security services due to his anti-communist political involvement. He was offered to go to Ignalina, in north-east part of the country, where Andriukaitis spent eight years at Ignalina Central Hospital. He was under continuous pressure and scrutiny from the government, due to his involvement in underground political resistance movement. Whilst in Ignalina, in 1979 he qualified in general surgery at Vilnius University; in 1980 he qualified in war surgery at Riga Military Hospital, in 1982 in abdominal surgery and in 1983 in trauma and orthopaedics surgery both at Vilnius University. After being promoted to surgeon (second category) in 1983, and due to a great demand for cardio-surgeons in Vilnius, Andriukaitis was able to relocate there from Ignalina and was appointed a cardiac surgeon at the Cardiac Surgery Centre at the Republican Clinical hospital in Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1987 he qualified in heart and vascular surgery at Moscow Bakulev Cardiovascular Institute and in the same year he took part in the first heart transplantation in the history of Lithuanian medicine. In 1989 Andriukaitis was appointed a cardiovascular surgeon (first category) and became a member of the Lithuanian Physicians' Association (until 1996) and Lithuanian Cardiologists' Association. He was also a member of International Physicians' Association during 1998–2004. Andriukaitis practiced medicine until 1993, when the new Constitution of Lithuania forbade Members of Parliament to take part in other non-parliamentary activities.

Political career

Under Soviet rule
Andriukaitis was an active participant in the anti-Soviet underground movement. In 1976 Andriukaitis started his career in politics as a member of the underground Social Democratic movement, participating in their many activities. He was a founder of the University of Antanas Strazdelis, an underground "university", where members of the resistance movement studied works of the prohibited authors, exchanged books from personal libraries and practiced a humanist way of life (1975–1982). The "university" rejected dictatorship, nazism, fascism, autocratic regimes or nationalism and united students by promoting values of democracy, pluralism, multi-party politics, freedom of ideas, philosophy and religion and diversity.

In 1976 Andriukaitis was arrested and questioned by the KGB, and forced by the Soviet government to not leave Ignalina for three years, where he was under supervision by the local KGB office.

During 1988–1989 Andriukaitis actively supported the restoration of the LSDP (Social Democratic Party of Lithuania). As a deputy chairman of LSDP, he pioneered the re-establishment of its steering group, was also a member of the Lithuanian Reform Movement Sąjūdis and participated in the preparation and legalisation of LSDP Lithuanian Movement programmes for elections to the Lithuanian SSR Supreme Council. During this period he was also a member of the working group for the development of the strategy for LSSR self-sufficiency (in regards to social security, health care reform and public administration).

After Soviet rule
In 1990 Andriukaitis was elected a Supreme Soviet Deputy for Lithuanian Republic, a chair he held until 1992. He was also a member of the Committee of Health and Social Affairs, chairman of Health Subcommittee, member of a working group which prepared the charter of March 11 in advance of the 1990 signing of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He was also a member of a working group on National Science and National Health Concept Development during these years.

In 1990 he became a delegation member in the Baltic Assembly at the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, the position he held until 2004.

Andriukaitis was also one of the co-authors of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, which was adopted in 1992.

Member of Parliament
In 1992, Andriukaitis became a Member of Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, a vice-chairman of Health and Social Affairs Committee, the deputy chair (seniūnas) of the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party Parliamentary Group, and a member of the National Security Concept Development Working Group. In 1996, he was re-elected as a Member of Parliament where he was renamed a member of the Conference of Chairs of Parliamentary Groups and of the State and Local Government Committee, Polish Parliamentary Assembly and as a chair of LSDP Parliamentary Group.

Andriukaitis was a candidate for the president of the Republic of Lithuania in 1997, and also in 2002.

In 1999 Andriukaitis was elected an LSDP chairman, serving two years.

In 2000, Andriukaitis was elected for his third term as a Member of Parliament of Lithuania and continued as a member of the Conference of Chairs of Parliamentary Groups and also joined Parliamentary Council. In October 2000, he was an Opposition Leader in the Parliament. In 2001 he became a deputy chairman of the Parliament, responsible for the coordination of parliamentary committees as well as the European Integration program, including the planning and management of human and financial resources, a chairman of the European Affairs Committee, a member of Foreign Affairs Committee and Legal Affairs, NATO Commission, and later a replacement member on the Commission on the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.

In 2002, Andriukaitis founded Lithuanian Forum for the Future. He also became a member of Convention on the Future of Europe and leader of the Lithuanian delegation.

After some allegations of corruption, on 28 July 2004 Andriukaitis voluntarily resigned from his parliamentary seat, even though the Parliament had earlier refused to revoke his parliamentary immunity, stating that any allegations were unjustified. He decided to not hinder the law enforcement authorities in carrying out an investigation in order to clear his name. Lithuanian Prosecutor General's Office terminated the pre-trial investigation once the accusation proved to be an unfounded smear. On 6 September 2005 Andriukaitis won the legal proceedings against the former Prosecutor General of the Republic of Lithuania when the latter publicly apologized for his words about the allegations. The case was closed with a settlement agreement.

Andriukaitis was elected for his fourth term as an MP in 2008 and was appointed a deputy chairman of the Committee on European Affairs; he remained a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee and a vice-chairman of LSDP.

In 2012, Andriukaitis was appointed a Lithuanian Minister of Health in the 16th Lithuanian Government.

European politics
In 1994 Andriukaitis became a delegate in the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly for the Lithuanian Parliament, also a Parliamentary Assembly Member of the Council of Europe's Human Rights and Legal Affairs Committee. In 2001, as a deputy chairman of the Lithuanian Parliament, he was responsible for the European Integration Program, including the planning and management of human and financial resources. He was also a chairman of the European Affairs Committee.

On 10 September 2014 Andriukaitis was appointed by the European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker as the European Commissioner-designate responsible for Health and Food Safety. In March 2016, he was also appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to the High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, which was co-chaired by presidents François Hollande of France and Jacob Zuma of South Africa.

Shortly after the United Kingdom's 2016 vote to withdraw from the European Union, Nigel Farage gave a speech including a statement that members of the EU parliament had never "done a proper job in their lives". A video of Andriukaitis covering his face with his hand at that remark went viral. He later published a blog entry explaining his objections to the speech.

Honours

Decorations
  Commander, Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas (2004).
  Grand Cross, Order of Merit of Portugal (2003).
 Officer, National Order of the Legion of Honour of France (2015).
 Doctor Honoris Causa by State University for Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova

Awards
1996 – 1991 January 13 Commemorative Medal.
2000 – Lithuanian Independence 10th Anniversary Medal.
2002 – Baltic Assembly Medal (for supporting Baltic unity and cooperation).
2004 – Commemorative Medal of Lithuania's accession to the European Union.
2004 – Upon Lithuania's accession to NATO: a memorable statue of “Gražina”.
2004 – Honorary Fellow of the Lithuanian Law University.
2005 – Honorary Badge of Doctor of Merit of Lithuania (as one of the initiators of the development of the Lithuanian national health concept and the Lithuanian legal framework for the health system).
2010 – Lithuanian Restoration of Independence 20th Anniversary Medal.
2012 – Constitutional Cup – nominal Constitution – for the development of the Constitution awarded by the Faculty of Law of Vilnius University on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.
2013 – Commemorative Award of the President of the Republic of Lithuania for the personal contribution to the Lithuanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2013.
2014 – Award of the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania for the contribution to Lithuania's membership in the EU and its strengthening.
2014 – vice-president of the 67th World Health Assembly nominated by the Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization.
2014 – Award of the World Health Organization for the merits in the area of tobacco control.
2017 – Honorary Membership by European Esperanto Union
2017 – Honorary Membership by Mykolas Romeris University

Publications

1990–2004 author of more than 140 legislative proposals and amendments.
2002–2003 author and co-author of the contributions to the Convention on the Future of Europe.
1990–2004 co-author and editor of the publications of the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania and the Parliamentary Committee on European Affairs:
The Parliament's role in the Lithuania's road to the European Union;
The role of Parliament in EU membership conditions;
1997–2003 Joint Inter-parliamentary Committee on Accession to the EU — The Overview of Lithuanian Activities;
Input to the publications to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Baltic Freedom in the margins of the Conference “Baltic freedom: The West's approach to 1983 January 13th European Parliament resolution 'on the situation in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania'”;
Materials for the "International Conference on National Constitution in the context of EU enlargement";
Materials, including a declaration in the International Conference on the EU enlargement and the wider European vision;
Debates on the future of Europe.
In 2006 “Social Democrats in Lithuanian Parliaments”.

References

|-

1951 births
Lithuanian cardiac surgeons
Commander's Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit (Portugal)
Health ministers of Lithuania
Lithuanian European Commissioners
Living people
People from Bulunski District
Members of the Seimas
Social Democratic Party of Lithuania politicians
Vilnius University alumni
21st-century Lithuanian politicians
European Commissioners 2014–2019
Signatories of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
20th-century Lithuanian physicians
21st-century Lithuanian physicians


Paweł Wojciechowski (born 3 January 1960) is a Polish economist.

Life
He graduated from the Foreign Trade Faculty of the Main School of Planning and Statistics in 1983. In 1986 he graduated with a bachelor's degree in Economics from John Carroll University, Ohio in the United States.

Paweł Wojciechowski has academic, corporate and government experiences. While staying in Cleveland between 1983 and 1991, he worked as an analyst at the Center for Regional Economic Issues and lectured in statistics at John Carroll University.

After returning to Warsaw, from 1992 to 1995, he advised the Polish government on privatisation and capital market development, including work for UNDP, the Polish Ministry of Privatisation and KPMG/USAID.

From 1995 to 2005, he worked as CEO of three financial institutions: Polish Fund Management Group Sp. z o.o. – Polish Development Bank S.A. division (1995–1996); PBK ATUT TFI S.A. – Investment Fund Company (1996–1999); and PTE Allianz Poland S.A. – Allianz Pension Fund (1999–2005).

In June 2006 Paweł Wojciechowski was entrusted with the position of Minister of Finance of Poland, earlier serving as economic advisor to the Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz. After the change of government, he became Chief Economist of the Polish Institute of Directors, and then he headed the Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency for two years.

From March 2009, until his nomination as Permanent Representative of Poland to the OECD, Paweł Wojciechowski was Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Poland, responsible for economic cooperation and development.

On 11 August 2010, Paweł Wojciechowski took up his duties as Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Poland to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

In 2014, after his tenure as an Ambassador, Paweł Wojciechowski became the Chief Economist of the Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS). He is also the European Coordinator for the TEN-T Rhine-Alpine Corridor, since May 2015.

References

1960 births
Living people
Writers from Warsaw
John Carroll University alumni
John Carroll University faculty
Finance Ministers of Poland
Polish economists
Ambassadors of Poland to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
SGH Warsaw School of Economics alumni
Politicians from Warsaw