Cui Zao (崔造) (737 – October 25, 787), courtesy name Xuanzai (玄宰), was a Chinese economist, military general, and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong. During his chancellorship, he tried to reform the taxation system, but his reforms were opposed by Han Huang and soon reversed.

Background
Cui Zao was born in 737, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. His family was from "the second house of Boling" of the prominent Cui clan of Boling. Cui's immediate male ancestors — great-grandfather Cui Shaorui (崔紹睿), grandfather Cui Ding (崔頂), and father Cui Shengzhi (崔昇之) — however, did not reach offices any higher than county magistrate or sheriff positions. Cui Zao had at least two brothers, an elder brother named Cui Lin (崔遴), who served as a county secretary general, and a younger brother named Cui Shu (崔述), who served as a prefectural prefect.

When Cui Zao was young, he was said to be studious.  During the Yongtai era (765-766) of Emperor Xuanzong's grandson Emperor Daizong, Cui lived at Shangyuan (上元, in modern Nanjing, Jiangsu), and he had three close friends, Han Hui (韓會), Lu Dongmei (盧東美), and Zhang Zhengze (張正則).  The four all were not native to Shangyuan, and they often met to discuss their views on economics. They also all had ambitions to serve the emperor, and the people at the time referred to them as the Four Kui.  He was later invited by Li Qiyun (李栖筠) the governor of Zhexi Circuit (浙西, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to serve on Li's staff. Cui later served as Zuosi Yuanwailang (左司員外郎), a low-level official under one of the Secretaries General of the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). While serving thus, he became friendly with the senior official Liu Yan.

During Emperor Dezong's reign
In 780, during the reign of Emperor Daizong's son Emperor Dezong, Liu Yan was demoted and then killed after false accusations by Yang Yan and Yu Zhun (庾準).  Cui Zao, as an associate of Liu's, was demoted to be the secretary general of Xin Prefecture (信州, in modern Shangrao, Jiangxi). As of 783, when Emperor Dezong was forced to flee from the capital Chang'an to Fengtian (奉天, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi), due to a rebellion led by Zhu Ci, Cui was serving as the prefect of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian).  He sent a declaration to the nearby prefectures, asking them to raise troops together to aid the emperor. He then himself took 2,000 troops from his prefecture and headed toward Fengtian.  Emperor Dezong heard this and praised him. After Tang forces recaptured Chang'an in 784, he summoned Cui to Chang'an, but Cui, because his uncle Yuan Xiu (源休) had been a major contributor to Zhu's rebellion and had been executed, did not dare to head to Chang'an immediately; instead, he submitted a petition asking for punishment.  Emperor Dezong, believing that he was acting appropriately, issued an edict praising and consoling him, and he made Cui Libu Langzhong (吏部郎中), a mid-level official at the ministry of the civil service affairs (吏部, Lìbu), as well as imperial attendant (給事中, Jishizhong).

In 786, Emperor Dezong, believing Cui to be brave and capable, gave Cui the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto, along with Liu Zi and Qi Ying. As Emperor Dezong favored Cui's talent, both Liu and Qi yielded most of the responsibilities to Cui.  Cui, during the time that he was living in the Yangtze River region, had long despised the institution of having various special directors for financial matters, believing the officials given those positions to be generally corrupt, so he advocated abolishing the director positions in charge of tax collection and transportation of food supplies. He advocated, and Emperor Dezong agreed, to have the tax collection responsibilities given to the local governors and prefects, and that the remaining financial responsibilities be returned to the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng).  Further, the chancellors were put in charge of the six ministries of the executive bureau directly — with Cui himself in charge of the ministries of census (戶部, Hubu) and public works (工部, Gongbu); Qi in charge of the ministry of defense (兵部, Bingbu); Liu in charge of the ministries of civil service affairs and rites (禮部, Lǐbu, note different tone than the ministry of civil service affairs); and Li Mian in charge of the ministry of justice (刑部, Xingbu).  Further, under Cui's recommendation, his friend Yuan Xiu (元琇, note different characters than Cui's uncle) was put in charge of the salt, iron, and wine monopolies, while Ji Zhongfu (吉中孚) was put in charge of the collected taxes.

Han Huang, the military governor (Jiedushi) of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang), on whom the imperial government relied on for food supplies at the time since there was a major famine in the Chang'an region, however, opposed these changes.  To placate Han, Emperor Dezong did not abolish the office of director of Yangtze-Huai River transportation and gave that office to Han as well.  Yuan requested that the responsibilities be divided — that Han be in charge of the transportation south of the Yangtze, and Yuan be in charge of the transportation north of the Yangtze.  Han was not pleased, however, and submitted petitions attacking Yuan's handling of the monopolies. Emperor Dezong thus removed Yuan from his financial responsibilities and made him a secretary general of the executive bureau. When a large amount of food shipment arrived from Zhenhai to Chang'an in fall 786, Emperor Dezong was very pleased with Han and gave him the additional offices as directors of the monopolies and taxes. Further, it was popular opinion at the time that while Cui's idea to return to earlier Tang regulations might have been a good one in peace, given the desperate state the empire was in at the time after years of warfare, the director positions needed to be maintained. In addition, with Yuan no longer overseeing the monopolies, Cui himself was unable to figure out financial matters and became so distressed that he fell ill. Around new year 787, with Han advocating and Emperor Dezong agreeing that the various changes that Yuan and Cui instituted needed to be reversed, Emperor Dezong removed Cui from his chancellor post and made him a member of the staff of his crown prince Li Song.  Cui died in fall 787.

Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 130.
 New Book of Tang, vol. 150.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 232.

737 births
787 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Dezong of Tang
Cui clan of Boling
Tang dynasty economists
Tang dynasty generals


Shannon Paige Sohn (born February 27, 1974) is a television news reporter at WABC-TV Eyewitness News in New York City, where she became the first helicopter reporter to win a national Emmy Award.

Early life and education
Sohn grew up in Old Bridge Township, New Jersey and graduated from Old Bridge High School, which was then called Cedar Ridge High School, in 1992. She attended Rutgers University, majoring in journalism and communications with a minor in advertising. While in college, Sohn spent two years as an intern at WCTC News Radio in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Shortly before her graduation, WCTC offered her a position as a weekend news anchor and to fill a vacancy in the station's aerial traffic reporter spot, which was being vacated by Dan Rice who was heading to WABC-TV in New York City. Sohn won a reporting award from the Associated Press while at WCTC.

In 2000, she earned a degree in broadcast meteorology degree through courses taken online at Mississippi State University.

Career
Sohn started doing airplane traffic reports for three New York City radio stations, WABC, WHTZ, and WPLJ. in 2001, she was hired by  WABC-TV as part of its Eyewitness News Team on NewsCopter 7.

She won a Peabody Award for her coverage of the September 11 attacks. She was scheduled to end her shift just minutes after the first tower was hit and did not leave her chair in the studio until Friday, providing news to the public as it came in from reporters in the field.

In 2005, while flying in the WABC helicopter, she was able to track the crash of a Chopper 4 helicopter, using the helicopter's camera to track the crash, hoping that the images would allow emergency personnel to be accurately and quickly directed to the precise location of the incident. Sohn won a local Emmy Award for "Instant Breaking News" for her coverage of the crash. The clip was submitted for a national Emmy Award which Sohn won, making her the first helicopter reporter to win a national Emmy.

Personal life
In May 2001, Sohn married Dan Rice, who had trained her at WCTC and was then working for crosstown rival WNBC on its Chopper 4.

Sohn and Rice live with their children Mackenzie and Zachary in Long Valley, New Jersey.

References

1974 births
Living people
Mississippi State University alumni
Old Bridge High School alumni
People from Old Bridge Township, New Jersey
People from Washington Township, Morris County, New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni


Drug of Choice is a novel written by Michael Crichton, as his eighth published novel, and the sixth to feature his pseudonym John Lange. It was originally published in 1970. Hard Case Crime republished the novel under Crichton's name in November 2013.

Proposed film adaptation
Film rights were optioned in 1970 by the actor Robert Forster and his agent David de Silva, to produce a film starring Forster called High Synch. John Neufeld was hired to write a screenplay. "Unlike the book, our script will not have a happy ending", said Forster. "We think the movie ought to serve as a warning." However, the film was never made.

References

Novels by Michael Crichton
1970 American novels
Works published under a pseudonym
Novels about drugs
Debut science fiction novels
1970 debut novels
Signet Books books


Dead Rising 2 is a 2010 action-adventure game developed by Blue Castle Games and published by Capcom. It was released between September and October 2010 for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. It is a sequel to Dead Rising, and is the second entry in the series of the same name. The game features a number of new features and improvements to its predecessor, including multiplayer options.

The game's story see players controlling Chuck Greene, a former motocross rider, who finds himself at the center of another zombie outbreak taking place in a casino resort and shopping complex in Nevada, and becomes involved in uncovering the truth behind it. Not only must he survive against the zombies roaming the complex by scavenging weapons and supplies, along with rescuing survivors caught up in the incident and dealing with crazed psychopaths, Chuck must also ensure that his young daughter receives regular treatments of a medication that prevent her from becoming a zombie herself, after being bitten by her mother during a previous outbreak in Las Vegas.

Like the previous game, players must complete major missions to advance the story, but can undertake optional tasks and explore the complex, with various endings available depending on actions taken during the main game.

The game received two downloadable expansions - one being a prologue to the main story, the other taking place moments after achieving its canonical ending. A non-canon reimagining entitled Dead Rising 2: Off the Record was released the following year. As part of Dead Risings ten year anniversary, a ported version of the game as well as its reimagining was released in September 2016 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

Gameplay
The player controls protagonist Chuck Greene as he fights off hordes of zombies while accomplishing specific missions. The game includes several new objects that can be used to attack the zombies. Up to 7,000 zombies can be seen onscreen at the same time.

Dead Rising 2 allows players to manufacture their own custom weapons at various points in the game by collecting items and combining them together in maintenance rooms scattered across the game map. The player also has the ability to unlock "combo cards" that reveal weapons that can be combined together. Such combinations include the "Hail Mary", a hand grenade duct taped to a football, "Dynameat", a stick of dynamite duct taped to a piece of meat, the "Paddlesaw", two chainsaws duct taped to a kayak paddle, and "Spiked Bat" which is a baseball bat with nails hammered through.

Like the first game, boss fights are represented by 'psychopaths', people who have either been driven insane by the zombie outbreak or are taking advantage of it to fulfill their cruel desires.

Multiplayer
During the 2009 Tokyo Game Show, Capcom revealed that the multiplayer of Dead Rising 2 takes the form of the in-game reality TV show "Terror Is Reality" in which players will act as contestants in a fictional gameshow. Four players participate in multiplayer, competing against each other for the most kills inside an arena full of undead. Players can use weapons and vehicles including human-sized hamster balls and chainsaw-equipped motorcycles. They also will be able to prevent other players from scoring by using various forms of "dirty" tactics.

Chuck Greene joins the reality pay-per-view gameshow "Terror Is Reality" (TIR) to get money for his daughter's Zombrex. (Zombrex being a medicine which prevents infected humans from turning into zombies as long as it is taken once daily.) Terror Is Reality is hosted by Tyrone "TK" King. Players compete with players all over the world online, and earn money for their character at the same time. The show consists of three minigames, including "Zomboni" (driving a car that makes zombie juice and players have to shoot the juice to the target to get points), "Bounty Hunter" (players snipe zombies and they can earn extra points by hitting the jackpot), "Stand Up Zomedy" (players put flowers, sticks, and dresses on the zombie, earn more points by getting all three of items in one zombie), and so on. Finally, the major game in TIR is "Slicecycle", where players drive motorcycles to slice up zombies for points. The winners and participants get money for their participation points from the games.

It was confirmed during Captivate '10 that cooperative gameplay for the story campaign will be available and according to Blue Castle Games there will be an online co-op mode. Both players will play as the main character, Chuck Greene, and will be able to earn experience and keep the items they collected throughout the game—but only the host player will be able to save the game's progress. A host can invite a friend to join the current game by sending out an invitation; if the friend accepts, a confirmation icon will be displayed and the host can allow the player to join in. Non-host players can drop in/out of a co-op game anytime they like. When the players become separated, a tiny animated Chuck Greene icon will appear at the bottom of the game screen. The icon will show what the other player is up to—attacking, being assaulted by zombies, etc. If a player is taken down by zombies, he will be able to call the other for help to revive them. The player will use food to revive the dying partner before his health runs out.

Plot

In 2011, five years after the events of Dead Rising, former motocross champion Chuck Greene is in the fictional casino town of Fortune City, Nevada, to take part in Terror Is Reality, a controversial sports entertainment game show where contestants kill zombies for money and fame. Chuck needs the prize money to buy Zombrex (a daily medication that suppresses the zombification process) for his daughter Katey, who was bitten by her zombified mother during a previous outbreak in Las Vegas when she was only four years old. While Chuck is backstage after the show, the show's supply of zombies is released; Chuck rescues Katey and makes his way to an emergency shelter, which is sealed after their arrival. Raymond Sullivan (the only security guard to reach the shelter alive) is initially reluctant to let the infected Katey in, but Chuck promises to keep her supplied with Zombrex until the military arrives in three days.

Chuck needs to venture into the post apocalyptic city to find a dose of Zombrex, entering and exiting the shelter via an air duct. Another survivor, Stacey Forsythe (leader of the Nevada branch of zombie rights organization "Citizens for Undead Rights and Equality", which was in town to protest the treatment of the zombies by Terror Is Reality) supplies him with a map and two-way radio; she promises to keep watch on the shelter's security monitors and direct Chuck to any other survivors or points of interest in the area.

After returning with the first dose of Zombrex for Katey, a news report implicates Chuck as the cause of the Fortune City outbreak. Chuck tracks down the reporter, Rebecca Chang, at a nearby hotel, and offers her the story of a lifetime if she gives him a chance to prove his innocence and helps him determine who was really behind the outbreak. Following this, Chuck has three main objectives to complete: discover the origin of the Fortune City outbreak by following the "Case File" missions, rescue as many survivors as possible (either from zombies, or from the "psychopath" boss characters), and find enough doses of Zombrex to keep Katey alive until the military arrives.

Chuck and Rebecca discover that Terror Is Reality host Tyrone "TK" King is using the outbreak as cover to rob Fortune City's four main casinos. Chuck foils the robberies and prevents the host from escaping in his helicopter. TK is locked up in the shelter, and reveals that another organization responsible for the outbreak paid him to frame Chuck for it.

Three days after the outbreak, the military arrives, but a green gas begins emanating from underground and causes zombies to mutate into a more powerful form. The convoy is unprepared to deal with the super-zombies, and is wiped out almost completely. A second military force would normally arrive 24 hours later, but media reports claim that the first convoy reached the shelter and found no survivors, so the city will be cleansed by firebombing at that time. The safe house is also sabotaged, and Chuck must quickly repair the door before too many zombies enter.

Regardless of the player's actions, TK is bitten, and needs Zombrex to survive. Rebecca reveals the cause of the gas seems to be in the underground access tunnels, and Chuck finds a hidden facility where pharmaceutical company Phenotrans, the makers of Zombrex, is harvesting the zombies. The drug is manufactured from the queens of the genetically modified wasps that create zombies; the gas released by the Phenotrans facility is intended to increase the number of queens in a zombie horde.

After killing the scientists in charge of the harvesting, Chuck recovers a satellite phone and a laptop from the facility and takes them to Rebecca as proof that Phenotrans orchestrated the outbreak in order to harvest more queens, while driving up demand for Zombrex. Just as Rebecca attempts to contact her news station and report the discovery, Sullivan shoots her dead. Sullivan is revealed as a Phenotrans operative; he was the one who let the Terror Is Reality zombies out while framing Chuck, and the one who sabotaged the shelter. He escapes with the phone and laptop, and Chuck follows him to a casino rooftop, where he plans to escape by skyhook after revealing that the Vegas and Fortune City outbreaks were necessary to keep a consistent supply of queens to make Zombrex, enraging Chuck as his wife was killed in the Vegas outbreak which led to Katey getting infected in the first place.

After a fierce battle, Chuck handcuffs Sullivan's harness to the rooftop, ripping him in half when the recovery aircraft catches the skyhook. Chuck contacts Rebecca's channel and offers to give them proof of Phenotrans' involvement in the Fortune City outbreak if they send helicopters to rescue the survivors.

As the helicopter picks them up, if TK was not given Zombrex, he zombifies and attacks the group, forcing Chuck to sacrifice himself to allow the others to escape. If TK was given Zombrex, he kidnaps Stacey and Katey and suspends them above a horde of zombies while challenging Chuck to a final duel. Chuck hurls TK to his death and then leaves with the two.

Development and release
Dead Rising 2 was announced on February 9, 2009, confirming earlier rumors of the game's existence, as well as a viral video for the game. The developers Blue Castle Games worked with Keiji Inafune, the original Dead Rising producer and Capcom's former global head of research and development, along with other original Dead Rising team members.

Promotion

Capcom created a variety of websites before the release of the game. These include TapeitorDie.Com, visitfortunecity.com, and deadrising-2.com.

In August 2010, Keiji Inafune released an eight-part video series entitled Zombrex: Dead Rising Sun. Capcom sponsored a gathering of zombies at the London House of Parliament on August 30— the best dressed won a game console. Attendees also received a limited edition, one-of-a-kind T-shirt.

Capcom also created Citizens for Undead Rights and Equality (CURE) as a marketing tie-in for the game, as well as its reimagining Dead Rising 2: Off the Record. The group is a parody of the political party system in Britain.

Retail editions
Dead Rising 2 was released in several retail versions. The standard edition includes the game and a manual and is available for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC.
 The Zombrex edition in North America and Europe is only available for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, The North American edition includes a fake syringe of the Zombrex medicine featured in the game (functioning as a pen), along with an accompanying safety information card, a Zombrex-labeled steel case, a sales brochure, and a prescription pad. The Xbox 360 version comes with the Zombrex Dead Rising Sun movie whereas the PlayStation 3 version contains a voucher for a Dead Rising 2 XrossMediaBar dynamic theme and a behind the scenes featurette. The Zombrex Edition was also released in Europe, containing the Zombrex steel case, fake syringe pen and a making-of DVD. (previous website link 17 no longer shows info, Updated link)
 The Outbreak Pack, available for any system, but exclusive to Europe, features a red box and contains a zombie figurine and some accessories for the figurine. A limited run of 700 copies was also announced for Australia.
 The High Stakes Edition is available exclusively in the Capcom store, and contains a poker set, a Fortune City visitor map, a Terror Is Reality XVII admission ticket, and a chance to win a 6 ft gold bust of the zombie statue.

Downloadable content

Case Zero

Dead Rising 2: Case Zero is the prequel for Dead Rising 2, and is set shortly after Chuck and Katey escape from the Las Vegas zombie outbreak. The player must deal with a minor outbreak in the town of Still Creek, and move on before the military arrives and kills any infected (including non-zombies like Katey). The player can reach up to level five in Case Zero, with the level and any combo cards earned able to be transferred into the main game.

Case Zero was released for the Xbox 360 on August 31, 2010 in North America and Europe, then in Japan at a later date because the Computer Entertainment Rating Organization was concerned about the content and the download's rating. The game is region-locked to these specific areas, and cannot be downloaded outside these regions. In the game's first week of release, 300,000 downloads were made: the fastest selling game on Xbox Live Arcade. On September 15, Capcom announced that Case Zero had received more than 500,000 downloads.

Reception for Case Zero has been generally favorable, receiving an average score of 79 on Metacritic. IGN gave the title a 6.5 out of 10 rating, criticizing the load times and the lack of things to do. GameSpot gave the title an 8 out of 10 rating, praising the fun zombie killing, in-depth weapon creation, and multiple endings that require several playthroughs. Joystiq gave the title a 4 out of 5 star rating, and recommended the game to anyone because of both the content and the price. Eurogamer gave the title a 7 out of 10 rating, criticizing many annoyances but praising the overall product.

Case West

On September 15, 2010, Capcom announced a second downloadable episode for the Xbox 360, titled Dead Rising 2: Case West, made available on the Xbox Live Marketplace. The game features Frank West, the main character from the first Dead Rising game, and serves as the canon Overtime Mode of Dead Rising 2, with Frank teaming up with Chuck to further investigate the link between Phenotrans and the Fortune City zombie outbreak, and find proof that clears Chuck of any wrongdoing.

The story follows on from Ending A of the main game, with Frank rescuing Chuck from the elevator. Frank was going to meet Rebecca Chang to investigate a Phenotrans facility west of Fortune City, but learns from Chuck that she was killed by Phenotrans mole Sullivan. Although initially suspicious of Chuck because of the media reports blaming him for the Fortune City outbreak, Frank lets the motocross star come with him to find proof that Phenotrans was behind the outbreak.

Case West includes cooperative play for two players, with each taking control of one of the two characters. The episode features new challenges, enemies, items, and combo weapons. The photography element returns from the first Dead Rising; the characters use this to generate proof of Phenotrans' part in the zombie outbreaks. Case West was released on December 27, 2010 for the Xbox 360 in North America.

Case West received generally positive reviews, with a score of 74 on Metacritic. IGN gave the title an 8.5 out of 10 rating, with praise for the story, combo weapons, and fun co-op mode. Eurogamer gave the title an 8 out of 10 rating, stating that the product was more a worthwhile purchase for people planning to play co-op with a friend. GameTrailers awarded the title with a 7.9 out of 10 rating, saying that the $10 asking price was worth it. GameSpot gave the title a 7 out of 10 rating, praising the new weapons, fun while rescuing survivors, wacky humor, and plenty of replay value, but criticizing the similarity it has to Case Zero, the lack of integration with previous games, and that the photography in the game has less impact than in Dead Rising.

Remake

At Captivate 2011, Capcom's annual press show, the company announced that it was releasing Dead Rising 2: Off the Record, as a reinterpretation of the game with Frank West from the original Dead Rising as the main character. The game was released for the same consoles on October 11 in North America, October 13 in Japan, and October 14 in Europe for a discount retail price.

Off the Record is intended as a complete reimagining of Dead Rising 2, with new missions, cutscenes, environments, enemies, and weapons. The photography mechanic from the first Dead Rising is also included. There are technical and system upgrades, such as optimization of loading times and improved network performance. Off the Record also features a new sandbox mode. This allows players to explore Fortune City without the obstacle of time. Off The Record has received mostly positive reviews, with the changes and additions both praised and panned.

On September 13, 2016, Capcom re-released the game alongside Dead Rising and Dead Rising 2: Off the Record on Xbox One and PlayStation 4 to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the game.

Reception

Dead Rising 2 received "generally favorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

GameZone gave the Xbox 360 version of the game a 6 out of 10, stating, "the lackluster presentation, uninspired story, outright broken multiplayer, and atrocious amount of glitches makes Dead Rising 2 less of a flawed gem and more of a somewhat polished pile that incrementally smells worse the longer you let it sit in your disc drive."

Game Informer gave the game a 9.5 out of 10, stating, "Even after playing for dozens of hours, you'll still find new things in Dead Rising 2. I won't spoil anything, but there's a lot of variety to be found in the game beyond obvious things like the number of objects that can be used as bludgeons. This game is designed for multiple playthroughs, and I'm looking forward to each and every one of them."

In February 2011, Capcom announced that the title had sold more than 2.2 million copies worldwide.

As of March 31, 2022, the game had sold 3.10 million copies worldwide.

Sequel

Dead Rising 3 is a 2013 action-adventure game developed by Capcom Vancouver and published by Microsoft Studios. The game was announced as an Xbox One launch title during Microsoft's E3 2013 press conference on June 10, 2013. It was released on November 22, 2013.

Notes

References

External links

2010 video games
Action-adventure games
Bioterrorism in fiction
Capcom games
Dead Rising
Dystopian video games
Games for Windows
Open-world video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Fiction about parasites
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Post-apocalyptic video games
Science fiction video games
Video game sequels
Video games about zombies
Video games developed in Canada
Video games set in 2011
Video games set in Nevada
Video games with expansion packs
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Capcom Vancouver games
Mercenary Technology games


FFHG Division 2 (Fédération Française de Hockey sur Glace Division 2 or French Ice Hockey Federation Division 2) is an amateur ice hockey league in France. It is the third of four levels of national ice hockey in France. The teams that end at the bottom of the table get relegated to FFHG Division 3 while the top get promoted to FFHG Division 1.

Teams
FFHG Division 2 consists of 18 teams divided into two pools with nine teams each.

Pool A
 Galaxiens d'Amnéville
 Asnières Castors
 Jokers de Cergy
 Elephants de Chambéry
 Jets d’Évry Viry Centre Essonne
 Taureaux de Feu de Limoges
 Spartiates de Marseille
 Ours de Villard-de-Lans
 Lions de Wasquehal

Pool B
 Chevaliers du Lac d'Annecy
 Castors d'Avignon
 Sangliers Arvernes de Clermont
 Français Volants de Paris
 Comètes de Meudon
 Renards de Roanne
 Dragons de Rouen II
 Étoile Noire de Strasbourg II
 Lynx de Valence

Season
Each team plays the other teams in their pool at home and away (18 games). At the end of this regular season the 8 highest-ranking teams in each pool enter a combined knock-out play-off series while the four lowest-ranking teams (two from each pool) enter a play-off series of their own. The winner of the former play-off series is promoted to FFHG Division 1 while the loser of the latter play-off series is demoted to FFHG Division 3.

Champions

External links
 FFHG Division 2 Official Site
 Dunkerque Corsaires Official Website

3
Third tier ice hockey leagues in Europe


Songs for a Tailor is the 1969 debut solo album by the Scottish musician, composer and singer Jack Bruce, who was already famous at the time of its release for his work with the supergroup Cream. Originally released on the Polydor label in Europe and on Atco Records in the U.S., Songs for a Tailor was the second solo album that Bruce recorded, though he did not release the first, Things We Like, for another year.

The album, which was titled in tribute to Cream's recently deceased clothing designer, displayed more of the musician's diverse influences than his compositions for Cream, though it did not chart as highly as his work with that band. Nevertheless, it was successful, reaching No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 55 on the Billboard "Pop Albums" chart.

While it has not been universally critically well-received, with a negative review by Rolling Stone on its first release, it is considered by many writers to be among Bruce's best albums. The literary lyrics by poet and songwriter Pete Brown have been particularly divisive, with one critic singling them out for praise while others have been more generally critical. Songs on the album include "Never Tell Your Mother She's Out of Tune", and "Theme for an Imaginary Western", which was covered famously by Leslie West's Mountain, and is featured in 2006's 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets Behind Them. It was voted number 955 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000).

Background
After performing with various blues bands in his youth, Bruce rose to prominence in the rock world as a member of influential rock band Cream. After the group disbanded in 1969, Bruce began releasing solo material. Songs for a Tailor, released in September 1969, was Bruce's debut solo release, but chronologically his second solo album; Things We Like, his first solo recording, was released a year later.

The album was titled in tribute to Jeannie Franklyn ("Genie the Tailor"), a clothing designer who designed wardrobes for Cream and was also the girlfriend of Fairport Convention guitarist Richard Thompson (and, according to Bruce's 2010 biography Composing Himself, an ex-lover of Bruce). In 1969, Franklyn wrote Bruce a letter requesting that he "[s]ing some high notes for me," a letter that reached him on 14 May 1969, two days after she was killed in a motor vehicle accident in Fairport Convention's touring van. Bruce received the letter on his 26th birthday.

A blues and jazz musician by background who had studied Bach and Scottish folk music as a child, Bruce produced a debut effort that was musically diverse. Songs for a Tailor was described in Music Week on its 2003 reissue as "an impressive effort defying musical categorisation". Two of the songs—"Weird of Hermiston" and "The Clearout"—had originally been penned for possible inclusion on the 1967 Cream album Disraeli Gears. However, the album was not simply a continuation of Bruce's material for Cream, but displayed more of the musician's diversity.

Reception

The album was generally successful, reaching No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 55 on the Billboard "Pop Albums" chart. It did not reach the sales levels of Bruce's work with Cream, the later albums of which consistently broke the top 10 of the Billboard "Pop Albums" charts before their dissolution, but, as of 2002, it was the most successful album of his solo career. Largely acclaimed, particularly in the UK, the album proved influential, described in 2001 by BBC as a "seminal" work. However, reviews were not universally positive, with critical opinion particularly divided on the album's lyrics, penned by long-term Bruce collaborator Pete Brown.

Ed Leimbacher, reviewing the album in 1969 for Rolling Stone, called Songs for a Tailor a "disappointment", panning it overall as "a patchwork affair lacking in any unifying thread, a baggy misfit made up of a shopworn miscellany of jazz riffs, rock underpinnings, chamber music strings, boringly baroque lyrics and a Bruce bass that [leaves] ... everything distinctly bottom heavy." However, later writings in the same magazine characterized it very differently. In 1971, Loyd Grossman termed it "[a] stunning recording with more than an ample amount of beautiful songs and excellent singing and playing". In 1975, he opined that "Bruce's first album, Songs for a Tailor, was so outstanding that his other albums almost always suffer by comparison." In 1989, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke, though noting that Bruce could "flirt with self-indulgence in the pursuit of the unconventional", described the artist's solo output as "highly underrated". In its review, AllMusic summarizes the album as "picture perfect in construction, performance, and presentation."

Lyrics
Pete Brown's lyrics have been particularly divisive. Brown, a successful poet in the early 1960s, had been collaborating with Bruce for some time, writing lyrics for such Cream hits as "White Room" and "Sunshine of Your Love". The lyrics he wrote for Songs for a Tailor are typically poetic and heavily inspired by literary themes, with the Shakespearean "He the Richmond" and the horror-infused "Weird of Hermiston".

The first Rolling Stone review judged the lyrics as unsuccessful, dismissing them as "silly" and primarily burdened by an overabundance of literary references. 2006's 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets Behind Them also disparaged the lyricist, stating that his "pretentious lyrics fail to connect", an inaccessibility that the book suggests combined with the lack of "instrumental fireworks" to prevent the album from reaching better commercial success. "The musicianship," that work says, particularly referencing "Bruce's soulful vocals", "remains timeless." But in later review of Bruce's work, Fricke regarded the songwriting more highly, questioning whether "anybody, beside Bruce and Brown, write songs like that anymore" and suggesting the cd version of the Bruce compilation Willpower specifically so that the lyrics could be read.

Notable songs
"Theme for an Imaginary Western," which Allmusic describes as "Bruce's greatest hit that never charted," is perhaps the album's best-known song.  According to Allmusic, "Theme" has a "fresh, rootsy sound" reminiscent of The Band's Music from Big Pink, derived from the combination of "Bruce's overdubbed piano and organ parts" and "the country-tinged lope of the rhythm section".1001 Songs profiles the number, describing it as an "elegant, masterfully-constructed piece of jazz-rock", though it suggests that Brown's lyrics for the song are "opaque at best". Lyricist Pete Brown later explained that the song was about the members of Bruce's famously wild pre-Cream band, The Graham Bond Organisation: "I saw them as a bunch of cowboys and pioneers. I was always amazed at the camaraderie between the early groups, but ever now and then you'd get explosive situations between them, just like in the Westerns." Leimbacher, though generally dismissive of the lyrics, found an exception for this song and "To Isengard", while The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music finds the song "evocative", indicating that the album contains "[s]ome of" Bruce's "finest lyrics". The song was famously covered by Mountain, whose bassist-singer Felix Pappalardi had previously worked with Bruce as Cream's record producer, and also produced and appeared on Tailor.  (One of Mountain's earliest performances of "Theme," at the August 1969 Woodstock Festival, predated the song's release on Songs for a Tailor by several weeks.) Colosseum (whose drummer Jon Hiseman played on Tailor'''s rendition of the song), and the progressive rock group Greenslade also recorded cover versions.

"Weird of Hermiston" and "The Clearout" were candidates for inclusion on Cream's 1967 landmark album Disraeli Gears, but deemed too uncommercial by Cream's U.S. label Atlantic/Atco Records for release on that record.  Bruce's dissatisfaction at this is noted in the liner notes for Cream's box set Those Were the Days:  "I played them for Ahmet (Atlantic executive Ahmet Ertegun), Tommy (producer/engineer Tom Dowd), and whoever else was around ... they thought it was rubbish, just psychedelic hogwash."  Demo versions of the two songs, recorded by Cream in early 1967, are included on Those Were the Days.

In 1989 Fricke described "Never Tell Your Mother She's Out of Tune" as a "wacky, brassy" "enigmatic Bruce-Brown [delight]".

Bruce continued to refine and re-record the tracks from Songs for a Tailor'' throughout his career, both in live and studio albums. Only "To Isengard" has not been revisited.

Track listing
All lyrics written by Peter Brown, music by Jack Bruce.
"Never Tell Your Mother She's Out of Tune" – 3:41
"Theme for an Imaginary Western" – 3:30
"Tickets to Water Falls" – 3:00
"Weird of Hermiston" – 2:24
"Rope Ladder to the Moon" – 2:54
"The Ministry of Bag" – 2:49
"He the Richmond" – 3:36
"Boston Ball Game 1967" – 1:45
"To Isengard" – 5:28
"The Clearout" – 2:35

2003 Polydor/Universal CD bonus tracks
"The Ministry of Bag" (demo version) – 3:47
"Weird of Hermiston" (alternate mix) – 2:33
"The Clearout" (alternate mix) – 3:02
"The Ministry of Bag" (alternate mix) – 2:54

Personnel

Performance
Jack Bruce – lead and backing vocals, bass, organ, piano, acoustic guitar, cello
Harry Beckett – trumpet
George Harrison – guitar on "Never Tell Your Mother She's Out of Tune" (credited as L'Angelo Misterioso)
Dick Heckstall-Smith – tenor and soprano saxophones
Jon Hiseman – drums (except on "Rope Ladder to the Moon" and "He the Richmond")
Henry Lowther – trumpet
John Marshall – drums on "Rope Ladder to the Moon" and "He the Richmond"
John Mumford – trombone on "Boston Ball Game 1967"
Felix Pappalardi – percussion on "He the Richmond", additional vocals and acoustic guitar on "To Isengard"
Chris Spedding – electric guitar
Art Themen – tenor and soprano saxophone

Production
Jack Bruce – arranger
Andy Johns – engineer
Felix Pappalardi – producer
Roger Phillips – photography
John Tobler – liner notes

Tour

Tour Personnel

 Jack Bruce - bass, vocals
 Larry Coryell - guitar
 Mitch Mitchell - drums
 Mike Mandel - keyboards

Typical tour set list

 "Politician"
 "Weird of Hermiston/Tickets to Water Falls"
 "HCKHH Blues"
 "We're Going Wrong"
 "The Clearout"
 "Sunshine of Your Love"
 "Smiles & Grins"

Notes

References

External links
Lyrics, at Jack Bruce's official site

Jack Bruce albums
1969 debut albums
Atco Records albums
Polydor Records albums
Albums produced by Felix Pappalardi


Pool Revolution: Cue Sports (also known in Europe as Cue Sports: Snooker vs. Billiards and in Japan as Cue Sports: Wi-Fi Taisen Billiards) is a sports simulation video game video game published by Hudson Soft for the Wii's WiiWare service. The game simulates a variety of cue sports.

Gameplay
The game features a number of different cue sports to play. They include snooker, carom billiards, and pool (pocket billiards) variations like eight-ball, nine-ball and rotation.

The gameplay is much like Wii Play Pool and Midnight Pool. Players can aim at the desired ball and have to judge the shot at the right angle. Players will be able to choose from many different table styles and the game includes online play where you can play against another player or try to clear the table the fastest in a split screen mode. The game also allows players to attempt different trick shots and also gives them the ability to create their own.

Controls
The Wii Remote will act as the cue and players will be able to use it to set the power and the direction buttons to set the direction of the shot. However, the game does come with the option for players to set the strength of the shot by simply pressing buttons on the controller.

Reception

Pool Revolution scored average to good reviews from critics. WiiWare World gave the game 7 out of 10. They appreciated the addition of online multiplayer and the more serious simulation aspects compared to Midnight Pool, but felt it was lacking the charm of that game. Ultimately, they commented that "if you can overlook the flaws there’s a very rewarding game here". IGN UK scored the game at 6 out of 10, calling it an "average, run-of-the-mill pool game", but also admitted that it was "charming, but certainly not for everyone". Nintendo Power said the game "might be the most accessible and feature-filled" billiards title on WiiWare.

References

External links
Japanese trailer on YouTube
English trailer on Hudson's Web Site
Pool Revolution: Cue Sports at IGN

2008 video games
Cue sports video games
Snooker video games
Hudson Soft games
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
Video games developed in Japan
Wii-only games
WiiWare games
Wii Wi-Fi games


Auldearn  was a railway station located near Nairn, in the Scottish administrative area of Highland. The station was on the line from Aberdeen to Inverness.

History

Opened by the Highland Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was then closed by the British Transport Commission.

The site today

Trains still pass the site on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line.

References

 Station on navigable O.S. map

Disused railway stations in Moray
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1895
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960
Former Highland Railway stations


Bowling at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games was held in Bowling Centre, Macau, China from 27 October to 2 November 2007.

Medalists

Men

Women

Medal table

Results

Men

Singles
27 October

Preliminary

Knockout round

Doubles
29 October

Preliminary

Knockout round

Team of 4

Preliminary
31 October – 1 November

Knockout round
2 November

Women

Singles
28 October

Preliminary

Knockout round

Doubles
30 October

Preliminary

Knockout round

Team of 4

Preliminary
31 October – 1 November

Knockout round
2 November

References
 2007 Asian Indoor Games official website
 bowlingdigital.com
 www.abf-online.org

2007
2007 Asian Indoor Games events
Asian Indoor Games


Irwin Redlener is an American pediatrician and public health activist who specializes in health care for underserved children and disaster planning, response, and recovery.  He is the author of The Future of Us: What the Dreams of Children Mean for 21st Century America (2017) and the author of Americans at Risk: Why We Are Not Prepared for Megadisasters and What We Can Do Now (2006).

Redlener is president emeritus and co-founder (with singer songwriter Paul Simon and Karen Redlener) of Children's Health Fund (CHF), director of the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at The Earth Institute at Columbia University, and Professor of Health Policy & Management and Professor of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center.

Redlener was a special advisor to New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, with a focus on emergency management and planning to support and advise the administration's citywide disaster preparedness and response efforts.

Background
Redlener was born in Brooklyn, New York.  He received his B.A. from Hofstra University in 1964 and his M.D. from the University of Miami in 1969.  In 1971, while a pediatric resident at University of Colorado Medical Center, Redlener left his program to serve as the medical director of an AmeriCorps VISTA health center in Lee County, Arkansas, the sixth poorest county in the U.S. During this time, he met his future wife, Karen, a VISTA volunteer who organized the region's first social services and child development program. The two have worked together since.

Career
Redlener served as the director of the pediatric intensive care unit at Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida.  He also worked on disaster relief efforts in Honduras and Guatemala, and created a new Child Action Center to study and treat child abuse. In 1979, after a brief stint in neonatal intensive care at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, he briefly worked as a community pediatrician in Utica, New York. He also served as chairman of the national executive committee of Physicians for Social Responsibility, a public health organization promoting prevention of nuclear war.

In 1985, Redlener joined the board of USA for Africa as the organization's medical director and director of grants, where he met Paul Simon. In 1987, Redlener, Paul Simon and Karen Redlener founded Children's Health Fund to provide health care to homeless and medically underserved children in New York City. The program began with a single mobile medical unit funded by Simon and designed by Karen Redlener. As of 2010, the organization had 23 programs with more than 50 mobile medical units in underserved rural and urban communities throughout the United States. Karen Redlener remains with the Fund, currently serving as the organization's chief administrative officer.

Redlener also served as head of outpatient pediatrics at Cornell/New York Hospital (1987–1990) and head of community pediatrics at Montefiore Medical Center (1990–2003). Redlener designed and oversaw development of the Children's Hospital at Montefiore and served as its president from 2001 to 2003.

During the 1992 presidential campaign, Redlener was chairman of the National Health Leadership Council, a group of 300 health professionals who supported Bill Clinton's candidacy. In 1993 and 1994, he was part of the White House Task Force on National Health Care Reform, serving as the vice-chairman of its Health Professional Review Group.  He was also a founding member of the Task Force on Terrorism of the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2001.

In April 2000, Redlener was engaged by Doris Meissner, Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), to provide strategic guidance regarding the management of the Elián González case. He claimed in a letter to INS that based on weeks of studying the case including a "propaganda 40-second video of 7-year-old Elian," he “is now in a state of imminent danger to his physical and emotional well-being in a home that I consider to be psychologically abusive.” He urged that the government immediately remove the "horrendously exploited” Elian from the “bizarre and destructive ambiance” of his Miami relatives and returned to his biological father. Eleven Cuban-American doctors dismissed Redlener's opinion for not “having obtained a medical history, performed a physical examination or other proper psychological evaluations of Elian." Redlener strongly refuted the premise of these assertions and suggested that his critics had no understanding of how to diagnose psychological child abuse. Republican National Committee Chairman Jim Nicholson said Redlener was "neither a psychiatrist nor a psychologist and who has never examined the young Cuban refugee."

In 2003, Redlener was recruited to the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University to establish the National Center for Disaster Preparedness (NCDP). Since 2003, Redlener has served as director of NCDP, working to improve public policy and resources, as well as citizens’ individual preparedness. In 2013, the NCDP moved from the Mailman School to join Columbia University's Earth Institute.

In May 2009, Redlener was appointed to the National Commission on Children and Disasters. In 2010, in part due to his research on the health effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling appointed Redlener to serve as the Commission's Special Consultant on Public Health.

On November 15, 2012, following Hurricane Sandy, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo appointed Redlener co-chair of the NYS Ready Commission, which was tasked with finding ways to ensure critical systems and services are prepared for future natural disasters and other emergencies.

On June 17, 2014, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio named Redlener special advisor with a focus on emergency management and planning to support and advise the administration's citywide disaster preparedness and response efforts.

In 2020, Redlener and the singer Cher co-founded Cher Cares, a charity supporting disadvantaged communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

In May 2020, Redlener said an effective COVID-19 vaccine would not be proven safe for at least another year. After distribution of a vaccine was authorized by the Food and Drug Administration in December 2020, Politico named Redlener's prediction one of "the most audacious, confident and spectacularly incorrect prognostications about the year."

As of 2020, Redlener is head of Columbia University's Pandemic Resource and Response Initiative.

Redlener is co-founder of the Ukraine Children's Action Project (UCAP), which was founded in May 2022 in response to the displacement of children and families consequent of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. UCAP focuses on supporting the educational continuity and mental health of displaced children in Ukraine and Poland.

See also
 List of TED speakers

References

External links

 Irwin Redlener: How to survive a nuclear attack (TED 2008)
 Columnist, The Daily Beast

Activists from New York (state)
American health activists
American public health doctors
Columbia University faculty
Hofstra University alumni
Living people
Activists from Brooklyn
Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues is a novel written by Michael Crichton, his ninth published novel.  Authorship credit is shared with his brother Douglas Crichton, resulting in the only time the pseudonym Michael Douglas was used. It was originally published in 1970. It was serialized in the December 1970, January 1971 and February 1971 issues of Playboy magazine.

Plot summary
In order to hook up with his new California girlfriend, a Harvard graduate involves her in an ill-fated plan to smuggle a suitcase full of marijuana bricks from Berkeley to Boston.

Background
Crichton wrote the book with his brother, then 19 years old. He said he wrote it "completely from beginning to end". Then his brother rewrote it from beginning to end, and then Crichton rewrote it again.

Crichton said the novel was "interesting to me because it attacks what is to most people a puzzling area. What really happens to nice, middle-class, well-educated, suburban, bright kids who get into drugs? Why do they get into the position of having these experiences? The book is not sociology; it's fiction, but it pokes at some of these things."

Reception
The critic from the Los Angeles Times called it an "unremarkable tale" with a "paucity of plot" but thought the ending was "exciting".

Film adaptation

A film version of the book was released in 1972. It was an American independent film directed by Paul Williams. It stars Robert F. Lyons and features John Lithgow in his film debut in the supporting role of John, the campus drug dealer. Barbara Hershey appears in the role of Susan, the novice drug-courier who loses the bag of bricks on a cross-country flight from Berkeley to Boston.

References

External links

 Dealing: Or the Berkeley-to-Boston Forty-Brick Lost-Bag Blues (1972) at The New York Times Movie Review

Novels by Michael Crichton
1970 American novels
Alfred A. Knopf books
American novels adapted into films
Works published under a pseudonym


Thomas Beacham (12 August 1878 – 1 September 1947) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club and also umpired during the early years of the Victorian Football League (VFL). He went by the alias Tammy Beauchamp during much of his football career.

Playing career

A Collingwood junior, Beacham spent his entire career as a centreman. He debuted with Fitzroy late in 1899 and played the final two home and away matches but, despite being noted as "quick and smart", was omitted for the sectional matches and the grand final.

Over the following four seasons Beacham became a useful member of a successful Fitzroy side. As regular finalists they were upset in the 1900 grand final and knocked out in the semi and final matches in 1901 and 1902 respectively. During this period Beacham represented the VFL against South Australia in both 1901 and 1902. Often noted for his pace and creativity he provided drive into the forward line for the likes of Percy Trotter and Gerald Brosnan.

The 1903 grand final proved another disappointment. With seconds remaining Fitzroy had drawn within three points of Collingwood. From the centre Beacham passed to Trotter who then hit the reliable Brosnan in range. The shot was just off-line and the siren rang leaving Collingwood premiers by two points.

In October 1903 Beacham moved to Adelaide and here the spelling of his surname first appears as Beauchamp. He originally resided in Sturt tying him residentially to that football club. Just prior to the season he moved to East Torrens with a view to playing for Norwood. A permit was granted but subsequently rescinded on an appeal from Sturt thus delaying Beacham's Norwood debut by a month.

Once able to take the field he was appointed vice-captain and played effectively until a knee injury late in the season kept him out for some weeks. Selected under a fitness cloud for the final against Souths he lasted only until quarter-time before having to leave the game when his knee gave way. Sportingly Souths allowed a substitute and Norwood managed a three-point win.

Returning to Melbourne in 1905 he rejoined Fitzroy, who were now defending premiers, and had the only premiership success of his senior career. As they had been through the season, Beacham, Barclay Bailes and Trotter were the driving forces in the grand final.

The media universally rated Bailes as best afield followed by Beacham who was opposed to Jock McHale on the day. This was an opinion shared by captain Brosnan who told noted, "we beat them chiefly across the centre where young Bailes and Beauchamp (sic) were very fine in their work". At the club's annual meeting the following March Beacham was also named by his team mates as one of the sides most consistent players for the year.

Beacham played well in the 1906 VFL Grand Final loss to Carlton and maintained reasonable form over the next two seasons but Fitzroy's form declined and they missed the finals in 1907 and 1908. Beacham played his last VFL match in the 1908 final round win over Melbourne.

In 1996 Beacham was one of ten nominations for a position on the centreline in Fitzroy's Team of the Century but was not selected in the final team.

Umpiring career

Following his playing career Beacham successfully applied for a position as a VFL field umpire. He was appointed to VFL senior football immediately the season began and officiated at the Essendon versus St.Kilda in the opening round. He was awarded Heritage Number 44. The following week he was appointed as a boundary umpire for Melbourne versus Essendon earning Heritage Number 49 for that discipline.

Over the course of 1909 he was appointed to 8 VFL matches - 7 field, 1 boundary. When not umpiring in the VFL he was regularly appointed to country competitions including the mid-week Goulburn Valley league. He finished the season with the first semi-final of the Goulburn Valley Football Association.

From 1910–1912 Beacham was appointed to four VFL matches on the boundary and only officiated as a field umpire in the country. He umpired grand finals in the Peninsula Football Association (1911) and Bright District (1911). Beacham retired at the end of the 1913 season having umpired 12 VFL and 78 country matches.

Umpires' association

Beacham was elected to the executive committee of the VFL Umpires' Association in 1913.

References

External links

Redlegs museum: Thomas Beauchamp

Fitzroy Football Club players
Fitzroy Football Club premiership players
Norwood Football Club players
Australian Football League umpires
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
1878 births
1947 deaths
VFL/AFL premiership players


The Chief Royal Engineer (CRE) is the official head of the Corps of Royal Engineers of the British Army.

Origin and development
Before the English Restoration a Chief Engineer was a pay grade and not defined. In 1660 King Charles II appointed Sir Charles Lloyd, who had served in the English Civil War, as head of a new department of engineers. The position was confirmed in a Royal Warrant (26 May 1716), which also authorised the formation of the Corps of Engineers.

When in 1802, Sir William Green, 1st Baronet retired, the office was abolished and Robert Morse became the newly created Inspector-General of Fortifications and of Royal Engineers (IGF). Until 1855 the Inspector-General was attached to the Board of Ordnance and then was subordinate directly to the Commander-in-Chief.

In 1862 the office was extended to Inspector-General of Engineers and Director of Work, keeping the affiliation in the former function while being now responsible to the Secretary of State for War in the latter. On the resignation of Edward Frome in 1869, both offices were separated for one year. The Director of Works was dropped in 1895 and the office was renamed to Inspector-General of Fortifications. It was again abolished in 1904 and replaced by the Director of Fortifications and Works.

Modern times
In 1936 the post of Chief Royal Engineer was recreated and Sir Bindon Blood was appointed by King George V. Sir Bindon was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1860 and had a distinguished active career until he retired in 1907 aged 65. He was thus 94 years old when appointed Chief Royal Engineer. He resigned in 1940 and died a month later aged 97.

From 1941 until 2012 the professional head of the Corps was the Engineer-in-Chief (Army) (EinC(A)) who as 'Director of Royal Engineers', acted as the engineer advisor to the Chief of the General Staff (CGS) as well as to the Royal Navy, the Royal Air Force and other government ministries on matters of military engineering on behalf of the CGS. This post was disestablished following the Strategic Defence and Security Review and responsibility for the EinC's duties split between the Commandant Royal School of Military Engineering (heritage and training), Commander 8 Engineer Brigade (force generation matters) and the Corps Colonel RE (manning matters and first point of contact with external agencies).

The Chief Royal Engineer is head of the Corps of Royal Engineers and invariably a distinguished officer of the Corps; his tenure in the post is normally for a period of five years. He is responsible for seeing that the Corps' traditions and customs are preserved and the continuity of important matters of Corps policy. He keeps the Colonel-in-Chief informed on Corps matters and maintains contact with engineer units in the Commonwealth. He will have previously served as a Colonel Commandant and will continue to fill one of the vacancies.

Chief Royal Engineers, 1660–1802
1660–1661: Sir Charles Lloyd
Apr – Dec 1661: Sir Bernard de Gomme
1661–1685: Sir Godfrey Lloyd
1685–1702: Sir Martin Beckman
vacant for nine years
1711–1714: Michael Richards
1714–1742: John Armstrong
1742–1751: Thomas Lascelles
vacant for six years
1757–1781: William Skinner
1781–1786: James Bramham
1786–1802: Sir William Green, 1st Bt

Inspectors-General of Fortifications, 1802–1862
1802–1811: Robert Morse
1811–1830: Gother Mann
1830–1832: Sir Alexander Bryce
1832–1834: Robert Pilkington
1834–1845: Sir Frederick Mulcaster
1845–1862: John Fox Burgoyne

Inspectors-General of Engineers and Directors of Work, 1862–1869
1862–1868: Sir John Burgoyne, 1st Bt
1868–1869: Edward Frome

Inspectors-General of Engineers, 1869–1870
1869–1870: Sir John William Gordon

Inspectors-General of Fortifications and Directors of Work, 1870–1895
1870–1875: Sir Frederick Chapman
1875–1880: Sir Lintorn Simmons
1880–1882: Thomas Lionel John Gallwey
1882–1886: Sir Andrew Clarke
1886–1895: Lothian Nicholson
1891–1895: Sir Robert Grant

Inspectors-General of Fortifications, 1895–1904
1895–1898: Sir Robert Grant
1898–1903: Sir Richard Harrison
1903–1904: William Terence Shone

Directors of Fortifications and Works, 1904–1936
1904–1908: Richard Mathews Ruck
1908–1911: Frederick Rainsford-Hannay
1911–1918: George Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff
1918–1920: Philip Geoffrey Twining
1920–1924: Sir William Andrew Liddell
1924–1927: Henry Fleetwood Thuillier
1927–1936: Philip Gordon Grant

Chief Royal Engineers, 1936–present
1936–1940: Sir Bindon Blood
1940–1946: Sir Ronald Charles
1946–1951: Sir Guy Williams
1951–1958: Sir Edwin Morris
1958–1961: Sir Kenneth Crawford
1961–1967: Sir Frank Simpson
1967–1972: Sir Charles Jones
1972–1977: Sir Charles Richardson
1977–1983: Sir David Willison
1983–1987: Sir Hugh Beach
1987–1993: Sir George Cooper
1993–1999: Sir John Stibbon
1999–2004: Sir Scott Grant
2004–2009: Sir Kevin O'Donoghue
2009–2013: Sir Peter Wall
2013–2018: Sir Mark Mans
2018–present: Sir Tyrone Urch

Notes

References

External links
Royal Engineers Museum

Royal Engineers
Senior appointments of the British Army
1660 establishments in England


·Pimentel may refer to:

Localities
 Mariana Pimentel, municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
 Mendes Pimentel, municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil
 Pimentel, Dominican Republic, city in the Duarte province
 Pimentel, Sardinia, municipality in Cagliari, Italy
 Pimentel District, in Chiclayo, Peru

People
Pimentel (surname), including notable individuals with this name

Other
George C. Pimentel Award in Chemical Education
Palacio de Pimentel, royal palace in Castile and León

See also
 Pimental, a surname
 Pimenta (disambiguation)


The Stella Adler Studio of Acting (formerly Stella Adler Conservatory) is a prestigious acting school that was founded by actress and teacher Stella Adler. The Stella Adler Studio of Acting has two locations: its original New York City conservatory, founded in 1949, and the Art of Acting Studio in Los Angeles. The Stella Adler Studio of Acting in New York is not affiliated with the Stella Adler Academy & Theatre, which Adler established in Los Angeles in 1985. The Stella Adler Studio and the Juilliard School currently boast the lowest program acceptance rates in the professional acting world. The studio only accepts sixteen students a semester into its professional conservatory program.

History

Background and approach
Concurrent with her work as an actor and director, Stella Adler began to teach in the early 1940s at the Erwin Piscator Workshop at the New School for Social Research in New York. She left the faculty in 1949 to establish her own studio in New York in the same year.

Combining what she had learned from the Yiddish theatre, the Group Theatre, Broadway, Hollywood, and Constantin Stanislavski, Stella created the Stella Adler Theatre Studio, later renamed the Stella Adler Conservatory of Acting and more recently the Stella Adler Studio of Acting, where she taught acting for many decades, and in 1985, she opened the Stella Adler Academy and Theatre in Los Angeles.

The studio offered courses in principles of acting, voice and speech, Shakespeare, movement, and makeup, as well as workshops in play analysis, character, scene preparation, and acting styles. Onstage experience was acquired by performances of scenes and plays before an invited audience. Among her early students were Marlon Brando,  Robert De Niro, Warren Beatty, Elaine Stritch, Mario Van Peebles, Harvey Keitel, and Candice Bergen.

Adler's grandson Tom Oppenheim, who runs the Stella Adler Studio of Acting in New York and the Art of Acting Studio in Los Angeles, summarizes her approach to acting as such: "Growth as an actor and growth as a human being are synonymous."

Establishment in New York

The Stella Adler Studio of Acting, in New York City, was founded in 1949 by Adler. In 1969, it became the first professional training school to become affiliated with New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. The studio became a 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization in 2000. The mission of the Stella Adler Studio of Acting is to create an environment with the purpose of nurturing theatre artists who value humanity, their own and others, as their first and most precious priority while providing art and education to the greater community.

The Stella Adler Studio of Acting official West Coast branch is the Art of Acting Studio Los Angeles, named after Stella Adler's most famous book.  The Stella Adler Studio of Acting is not affiliated with the Stella Adler Academy in Los Angeles.

Los Angeles studio
Adler's long history with Hollywood meant she had close ties and strong connections in the Los Angeles area. She taught for many years at various locations in Los Angeles, and longtime friend and protégé Joanne Linville and she eventually opened the doors to the Stella Adler Conservatory of Acting at the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Argyle. Some of the notable people who have passed through the Hollywood conservatory include Nick Nolte, Salma Hayek, Eric Stoltz, Deidre Hall, Sean Astin, John Charles Jopson, John Ritter, Herschel Savage, Cybill Shepherd, Michael Richards, Benicio del Toro, and Mark Ruffalo.

Protégés Joanne Linville and Irene Gilbert persuaded Stella Adler to open the academy in 1985 in Los Angeles. Together, Gilbert and Linville are considered the school's cofounders, with Adler granting them permission to use her name. Gilbert  remained the director of the school for 20 years.

The original school was located in a small theater at Hollywood Boulevard and Argyle Avenue. A fire forced the temporary closure of the school in 1991. The building was threatened with demolition to make way for a proposed subway line at the time of Adler's death in 1992. In 1994, Irene Gilbert reopened the school's present location at 6773 Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue. It was renamed the Stella Adler Academy of Acting, and  celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2010. The historic location housed the famous Embassy Club in the 1930s.

The school is an acting studio offering extensive training for actors in theatre, film, and television. The facility houses the not-for-profit Stella Adler Theatre, the Irene Gilbert Theatre, The Studio C Theatre, classrooms, dance studio, music studio, library, dressing rooms, video and equipment room, scene shop, and administrative offices, all dedicated to teaching Stella's technique.

Linville continues to teach at the academy as the lead instructor for the last 25 years. Irene Gilbert died in 2011.

In 2010, alumni of the school formed the Stella Adler Los Angeles Theatre Collective.

Notable alumni

 Sean Astin
Warren Beatty
 Byrdie Bell
 Candice Bergen
 Peter Bogdanovich
 Marlon Brando
 Alden Ehrenreich
 Mark Ruffalo
 James Coburn
 Clifton Collins, Jr.
 Calico Cooper
Bud Cort
 Robert De Niro
 Benicio del Toro
 Leah Dizon
 Lilly Englert
 Maya Eshet
 Wayne Federman
 Nina Foch
 Teri Garr
 Valeria Gastaldi
 Pamela Gidley
 Alexander Godunov
 Melanie Griffith
Christopher Guest
 Jean Hale
 Dennis W. Hall
 Salma Hayek
 Jessica Hecht
Bryce Dallas Howard
 John Charles Jopson
Ruman Kazi
 Harvey Keitel
Sally Kellerman
Perry King
 Bianca Lawson
Cloris Leachman
 Natasha Leggero
 Jane Levy
 Karl Malden
 Thuso Mbedu
 Rafael Morais
 Sergej Moya
 Donna Murphy
 Kate Mulgrew
 Adam Nagaitis
 Judd Nelson
 Nick Nolte
 Bill Paxton
 Sydney Tamiia Poitier
 Sydney Pollack
 Anthony Quinn
 Eva Marie Saint
 John Saxon
 Herschel Savage
 Martin Sheen
Cybill Shepherd
 Maya Shoef
 Darrell M. Smith
 Elaine Stritch
 Holland Taylor
 Christopher Thornton
 Nitya Vidyasagar
 Henry Winkler

See also
Stella Adler
Actors Studio

References

External links
 Stella Adler Studio of Acting, New York City, Official website
 Art of Acting Studio, Los Angeles, Official Website
 Stella Adler Academy of Acting, LA, Official website

Drama schools in the United States
Performing arts education in New York City
Educational institutions established in 1949
Education in Los Angeles

1949 establishments in New York City


Lieutenant General Sir James Ronald Edmondston Charles,  (26 June 1875 – 24 December 1955) was a senior British Army officer in the Royal Engineers.

Family
Charles was born in Calcutta, British India, the son of Thomas Edmondston Charles, later honorary physician to King Edward VII, and Ada Henrietta Charles. He had two older sisters, Bessie and Ethel, who both studied architecture and became the first women members of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

Military career
Charles was educated at Winchester College and the Royal Military Academy  Sandhurst, and was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1894. He served in the Second Boer War (1899–1901), was mentioned in despatches (31 March 1900), and received the Distinguished Service Order in November 1900. He was part of the Bazar Valley and Mohmand Field Forces in 1908.

Charles spent most of the First World War in the General Staff until being promoted to command a re-constituted 25th Division in August 1918. He was appointed commander of the Waziristan Force in India in 1923 and then became commandant of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich in 1924. He was Director of Military Operations and Intelligence at the War Office from 1926 and Master-General of the Ordnance from 1931. He retired in 1934.

Charles' nickname among the troops was 'Don Carlos', deriving from his commanding personality and his height of 6’ 4". He was also commandant of the Royal Engineers from 1931 to 1945 and Chief Royal Engineer from 1940 to 1946.

Civilian roles
From 1934 to 1953, Charles was a director of British Aluminium Company, appointed for his high level connections and knowledge of defence procurement procedures gained at the War Office and as Master General of the Ordnance.

References

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1875 births
1955 deaths
People educated at Winchester College
British Army generals of World War I
British Army personnel of World War II
British Army lieutenant generals
Commandants of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Royal Engineers officers
British people in colonial India


Entolimod (CBLB502) is being developed by Cleveland Biolabs, Inc. for dual indications under the U.S. Food & Drug Administration’s (FDA) animal efficacy rule as a pivotal-stage radiation countermeasure, and under the FDA’s traditional drug approval pathway as a cancer treatment.

Entolimod is a recombinant protein that acts as an agonist of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), an innate immunity receptor. Entolimod activation of TLR5 triggers NF-κB signaling, mobilizing an innate immune response that drives the expression of numerous genes, including inhibitors of apoptosis, scavengers of reactive oxygen species, and a spectrum of protective or regenerative cytokines.

Radiation countermeasure

The FDA established the animal efficacy rule in 2002 to permit the approval of certain drugs and biologics that are intended to reduce or prevent serious or life-threatening conditions based on evidence of safety from trial in healthy subjects and effectiveness from appropriate animal studies when human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible.

Efficacy of entolimod as a radiation countermeasure has been assessed in animal models. These studies demonstrate that a single administration of entolimod given either before or after lethal total body irradiation leads to significant improvement in animal survival.  Entolimod has been shown to reduce radiation damage to both hematopoietic (HP) and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues and improve tissue regeneration.

Two clinical studies that involved administration of a range of doses of entolimod in 150 healthy human subjects have been completed. Both studies demonstrated that administration of entolimod appears to be safe within a certain dose range. The most frequent adverse event associated with entolimod administration was a transient flu-like syndrome, which is consistent with the mechanism of action of the compound.

The FDA granted entolimod both Fast Track and Orphan Drug status for reducing the risk of death following a potentially lethal dose of total body irradiation during or after a radiation disaster.

Both the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Defense procure and maintain medical stockpiles to respond to bioterrorist and emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Under a declared state of emergency, countermeasures may be procured for the Strategic National Stockpile under an Emergency Use Authorization prior to their full FDA licensure approval.

Oncology
Preclinical studies have shown that entolimod has a suppressive effect on growth of TLR5 expressing tumors. Entolimod has also been shown to have an effect on several animal models of liver metastasis, regardless of TLR5 expression. Additionally, entolimod evidences a supportive care benefit in preclinical models when combined with radiation treatment and cytotoxic agents with adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects. Tissue protective effects of TLR5 agonists are limited to normal tissues and do not involve protection of tumors from treatment.

A Phase I advanced solid tumor study is currently ongoing at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. The Principal Investigator for this trial is Alex Adjei, M.D., Ph.D., FACP, Chair of the Department of Medicine and Senior Vice President of Clinical Research at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Additionally, entolimod may also be developed as an adjuvant to standard radiation and chemotherapy, which will allow using of more aggressive measures to attack malignant cells and increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment.

References

Further reading

Experimental cancer drugs


Jasper Johns is a non-fiction coffee table book written by Michael Crichton about the artist Jasper Johns. It was originally published in 1977 by Harry N. Abrams Inc in association with the Whitney Museum of American Art, and a second revised edition () was published in 1994. It is his second non-fiction book.

In Crichton's 1972 novel, The Terminal Man, psychiatrist Janet Ross owned a copy of the painting Numbers by Jasper Johns. The technophobic antagonist of the story found it odd that a person would paint numbers as they were inorganic.

Michael Crichton himself had a serious art collection, including several works by Jasper Johns. Most of them were sold at an auction in Christie’s in 2010.

References

Books by Michael Crichton
1977 non-fiction books
Coffee table books


The N10 is a national route in South Africa connecting Gqeberha on the Eastern Cape coast with the Namibian border at Nakop, via Cradock, De Aar and Upington.

Route

Northern Cape
The N10 begins at Nakop in the Northern Cape, on the border with Namibia. On the Namibian side the road is known as the B3 Road. It begins by running east for 130 km to the city of Upington. After its intersection with the R360 (which provides a shorter and faster route south into Upington Central), the N10 continues eastwards up to the Upington Airport entrance (a t-junction), where it turns south and enters the Upington City Centre to meet the R360 again. At the Brug Street junction, the N10 meets the N14 and they are concurrent on Brug Street south-eastwards. At the junction with Scott Street, the N14 turns eastwards while the N10 turns southwards to cross the Orange River.

From Upington, the N10 follows the Orange River for 114 km east-south-east, through Grootdrink, to the town of Groblershoop, where it meets the western end of the N8 National Route from Kimberley. From the N8 junction, the N10 continues following the Orange River south-east for 133 km, through Marydale, to the town of Prieska.

From Prieska, the N10 continues south-east for 126 kilometres to Britstown, where it meets the N12 national route. The N10 and N12 routes are one road southwards for 3 km before the N10 becomes its own road south-eastwards just north of the Britstown city centre. The N10 proceeds eastwards for 43 km to bypass the town of De Aar, where it meets the southern terminus of the R48 road. From De Aar, the N10 continues south-east for 59 km to reach the town of Hanover, where it meets the N1 national route. The N10 continues east-south-east for 62 km to enter the Eastern Cape and meet the N9 national route south of Noupoort.

Eastern Cape
The N9 and N10 routes are one road southwards for 24 kilometres into the town of Middelburg (bypassing the town centre to the east) before splitting south of the town centre, where the N10 continues south-eastwards. The N10 continues south-east for 95 kilometres, crossing the Great Fish River and following it, to the town of Cradock, where it meets the R61 road. The R61 and the N10 enter the town as one road, crossing the Great Fish River again, turning south as J.A. Calata Street, then east as Commissioner Street, then south-east as Hospital Street, before splitting north of the Lingelihle suburb. From Cradock, the N10 continues southwards for 80 km as the Daggaboers Nek, still following the Great Fish River, to the town of Cookhouse. Before Cookhouse, it meets the R63 road and they are one road into Cookhouse, before splitting east of the town centre.

From Cookhouse, the N10 follows the Great Fish River southwards for another 24 km as the Olifantskop Pass to the town of Middleton. The N10 continues southwards for another 88 km, through Paterson, to reach its southern terminus at an intersection with the N2 national route and the R72 road about 45 km north-east of Gqeberha (35 kilometres north-east of Coega; 12 kilometres north-east of Colchester).

References

External links

 South African National Roads Agency
 Route listing

National Roads in South Africa
Roads in South Africa


Roland Herbert 'Roy' Millen (12 October 1893 – 30 May 1946) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Although primarily a wingman, Millen was also used as a centreman at times during his career. He was a member of Fitzroy's premiership team in 1917 and participated in their losing Grand Final the following season.

In the 1929 VFL season he officiated as a field umpire for one match.

References
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

External links

1893 births
1946 deaths
Fitzroy Football Club players
Fitzroy Football Club premiership players
Australian Football League umpires
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
VFL/AFL premiership players
People from Prahran, Victoria


The Lockheed XC-35 is a twin-engine, experimental pressurized airplane.  It was the second American aircraft to feature cabin pressurization. It was initially described as a "supercharged cabins" by the Army. The XC-35 was a development of the Lockheed Model 10 Electra that was designed to meet a 1935 request by the United States Army Air Corps for an aircraft with a pressurized cabin.

Design and development
The United States Air Corps wanted the aircraft to perform high altitude research and to test the feasibility of a pressurized cabin. The Corps contracted with Lockheed Aircraft Corporation to produce the aircraft at a total cost of $112,197. The requirements called for an aircraft capable of flying at no less than 25,000 ft (7,620 m) and having an endurance of ten hours with at least two hours above 25,000 ft (7,620 m). Major Carl Greene and John Younger, both structures experts who worked for the Air Corps Engineering Division at Wright Field in Ohio were responsible for the design of the pressurized cabin structure. Greene and Younger worked with Lockheed to modify a Model 10 Electra with a new fuselage consisting of a circular cross-section that was able to withstand up to a 10 psi differential. New, smaller windows were used to prevent a possible blowout while operating at high pressure differentials. The cabin pressurization was provided by bleeding air from the engines' turbo supercharger, the compressor outlet fed into the cabin and was controlled by the flight engineer. This system was able to maintain a cabin altitude of 12,000 ft (3,658 m) while flying at 30,000 ft (9,144 m). The fuselage was divided into two compartments, a forward pressurized compartment, and an aft unpressurized compartment. The forward compartment housed two pilots, a flight engineer, and up to two passengers. The aft compartment provided accommodation for one passenger and could be used only at low altitudes since it lacked pressurization.

The XC-35 was fitted with two Pratt & Whitney XR-1340-43 engines of 550 hp (410 kW) each compared to the two Pratt & Whitney R-985-13 of 450 hp (336 kW) fitted to the base Model 10 Electra. The engines featured a turbo supercharger to permit the engines to operate in thin air at high altitudes.

Operational history

The XC-35 was delivered to Wright Field, Ohio in May 1937, made its first performance flight on August 5, and was involved in an extensive flight testing program for which the Army Air Corps was awarded the Collier Trophy. The lessons learned from the XC-35 played a key role in the development of the Boeing 307 Stratoliner and the B-29 Superfortress which was to be the first mass-produced pressurized aircraft.

The Air Corps brass were so confident in the new technology that they allowed the XC-35 to be used as an executive transport for Louis Johnson, the Assistant Secretary of War and future Secretary of Defense.

In 1943, NACA pilot Herbert H. Hoover flew the XC-35 into thunderstorms to gather data on the effects of severe weather on aircraft in flight.

The XC-35 was donated to the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in 1948 and remains there in long term storage.

Specifications (Lockheed XC-35)

See also

References

External links

 XC-35 in the collection of the National Air and Space Museum
 XC-35 from National Museum of the United States Air Force
 Lockheed XC-35 (10E) Electra
 Lockheed 10-E XC-35 (36-353 c/n 3501)
 XC-35 Photo Gallery from National Museum of the United States Air Force

C-035
1930s United States experimental aircraft
1930s United States military transport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
World War II transport aircraft of the United States
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft


Tilouli is a village in the bhagalpur, block  &--> Deoria district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Villages in Deoria district


The M578 light recovery vehicle (G309) was an American Cold War-era armored recovery vehicle. The M578 utilized the same chassis as the M107 self-propelled gun and M110 self-propelled howitzer. The M578 provided maintenance support to mechanized infantry and artillery units. Its primary mission was to recover damaged light armored vehicles from the battlefield using its crane boom.

History

In 1956 the US Army commissioned the Pacific Car & Foundry Company to design an undercarriage for a new series of self-propelled artillery systems that would be lighter, air transportable, and provide a common chassis for multiple vehicles. This would then become the M107 self-propelled gun and M110 self-propelled gun with the Army expanding the program in 1957 to include a field ambulance (T119) and an armoured light recovery vehicle (T120) with the T119 being dropped from the program during the prototype phase. The T120 went through testing starting in 1959, now being designated the T120E1 and was accepted for service after completing testing with production of the vehicle starting in late 1962 by FMC Corp. and would continue in production till the end of the 1960s. In 1975 production resumed under Bowen-McLaughlin-York (later United Defense Industries) with an additional 448 vehicles for the US Army between 1975 and 1977 at a cost of US$189,000 per vehicle, followed by export orders to other countries. In 1981 production would be discontinued permanently.

Vehicle Operation
The cab could rotate 360°, and had a 30,000 lb (13,600 kg) capacity winch which ran through a crane on the cab. Another winch, 60,000 lb (27,000 kg) capacity, was mounted on the front of the cab. Access to the cab was through a door on each side and by double doors in the rear, while the crane operator and rigger both had vision cupolas in the cab roof.

Operators
: Austrian Army - 22 vehicles sold from Netherlands to Austria in 1996, now out of service.
: Royal Bahraini Army - 2 vehicles sold from Netherlands to Bahrain in 1996.
: Bolivian Army
: Botswana Ground Force
: Brazilian Army - At least 17 vehicles in inventory, unclear if all the vehicles are still in service as of June 2022.
: Canadian Army - At least 50 vehicles had been in service and remained in inventory as of early 2008, which have since been retired from service.
: Royal Danish Army - 24 vehicles purchased during 1966–1970, no longer in service.
: Egyptian Army - At least 45 vehicles in inventory, unclear if all the vehicles are still in service as of June 2022.
: Hellenic Army - At least 113 vehicles in inventory, unclear if all the vehicles are still in service as of June 2022.
: Iranian army
: Israel Defense Forces
: Royal Jordanian Land Force
: Lebanese Armed Forces - At least 4 vehicles were provided as US aid during the early 1980s.
: Royal Moroccan Army - At least 86 vehicles in inventory, unclear if all the vehicles are still in service as of June 2022.
: Army of Peru
: Royal Netherlands Army - A total of 25 vehicles were purchased during three orders of 8 vehicles (1965), 12 vehicles (1966) and 5 vehicles (unknown), with all vehicles leaving service and being sold by the end of 1996.
: Norwegian Army
: Philippine Army
: Portuguese Army - 29 vehicles in service (21 vehicles in service since 1995, 8 vehicles since 1997).
: Saudi Arabian Army - At least 90 vehicles in inventory, unclear if all the vehicles are still in service as of June 2022.
: Spanish Army
: Turkish Army
: Royal Thai Army
: British Army
: United States Army - At least 448 vehicles were in service with the Army but the exact amount from the first production series is unclear as the information is still currently redacted as of June 2022.
: Army of the Republic of Vietnam
: People's Army of Vietnam
: Yemen Army

See also
 List of U.S. military vehicles by model number

References

 TM 9-2320-238 dated 1963-1964
 TM 9-2350-238 dated 1963-1962

External links
AFV Database

Armoured recovery vehicles of the United States
Tracked armoured recovery vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s


John Joseph Braham, Sr. (1847 – October 28, 1919) was an Anglo-American musical theater conductor and composer who introduced the works of Gilbert and Sullivan to the United States and composed some of the earliest original orchestral scores for silent film.

Braham emigrated from England to America as a child. As a teenager, he toured as a violinist. After this he became a conductor and music director at New York and Boston theatres.  In 1879, he conducted the first American production of a Savoy opera, H.M.S. Pinafore and became associated with Gilbert and Sullivan works for the next decade.  He also conducted a number of other musical theatre works and at music halls.  In 1913 and 1914, he composed musical scores for silent films, including In the Land of the Head Hunters.

Biography

Early years and Gilbert and Sullivan
Braham was born in 1847 in England to musician Joseph Braham (1827–1877). The Brahams emigrated from England in the 1850s. His brothers were William, Albert and Harry, and his uncle (not his brother) was David Braham, composer for Harrigan & Hart.

In 1862, at the age of 14, Braham began earning his living as a violinist in New York vaudeville and music hall houses and theaters. His father served as the music director for Tony Pastor's Opera House on the Bowery, where Braham may have played in the orchestra.  After touring for a few years as a violin virtuoso, Braham accepted the post of musical director of Pike's Opera House and subsequently at other New York theatres. During the 1870s he worked as a musical director and conductor in Boston, Massachusetts (Adelphi Theatre, Howard Athenaeum, Boston Museum Orchestra), as well as at surrounding summer resorts. He composed popular songs in many genres, the earliest known copyright in 1871. In the 1870s, he also began to compose scores for the musical stage.  For example, in 1876, The Era reported that his comic opera Evangeline pleased Boston audiences with its catchy melodies.

Braham introduced America to the works of Gilbert and Sullivan. He conducted the first performances of H.M.S. Pinafore in America, opening on November 26, 1879, at the Boston Museum, a production that was not authorized by Gilbert and Sullivan. From 1882 to 1883, he directed an authorized production of Iolanthe at the newly opened Bijou Theatre in Boston with a cast that featured principals from the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. Other Gilbert and Sullivan productions included D'Oyly Carte tours in New England of The Mikado and Ruddigore in 1885–86 and 1887.  He also conducted a revival of Patience in Boston, again with several members of the D'Oyly Carte company in the principal cast and the first Boston productions of The Yeomen of the Guard (in 1889), and The Gondoliers (in 1890). In 1894, directed D'Oyly Carte's original American productions of Utopia, Limited in New York and then Boston. For his American productions of the Savoy operas, Braham made "judicious changes" in the scores.

New York and later years
By the 1880s, Braham began dividing his time between Boston and New York City, first at Wallack's Theatre and, in the middle of the decade, became music director of the Casino Theatre at Broadway and 39th Street. He married Sophia Broschart in Boston in 1891, and the couple's children were John J. Braham Jr. and Marjorie Sophia Braham. He is listed in 1899 in The New York Times as director at Koster and Bial's Music Hall but was also engaged on occasion at the Casino Theatre's roof top garden. He worked on the following shows, among others:

 1880. Hiawatha (Standard Theatre; co-composer with Edward E. Rice)
 1887. The Corsair (Bijou Opera House; co-composer with Edward E. Rice)
 1889. The Seven Ages (musical director)
 1889 Blue Beard, Jr. (composer along with Fred J. Eustis and Richard Maddern). It premiered at Grand Opera House, Chicago, on June 11, 1889, and toured to Niblo's Garden in 1890.
 1899. An Arabian Girl and 40 Thieves (director and co-composer)
 1899. Around New York in 80 Minutes (co-composer with Edward E. Rice)
 1900. San Toy, or the Emperor's Own (musical director)
 1906. Matilda (musical director)

In 1913, Braham composed music for the silent film of a pageant by F. E. Moore called Hiawatha: the Indian Passion Play, based on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha. Around the same time, Edward S. Curtis commissioned Braham to compose a score for In the Land of the Head Hunters. This 1914 film fictionalized the world of the Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl) peoples of the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, and was written and directed by Curtis and acted entirely by Kwakwaka'wakw natives. Braham's score was performed with full orchestra, at the premiere of In the Land of the Head Hunters, at the Casino Theatre in New York, probably its only performance.

Braham died in Brooklyn, New York, on October 28, 1919 at the age of 72.

Legacy
Curtis's film and Braham's score were restored and shown at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California on June 5, 2008.

References

External links
 Victor Discography 78 Recordings of Arrangements by Braham.

1847 births
1919 deaths
19th-century American composers
19th-century American male musicians
19th-century classical composers
19th century in Boston
20th-century classical composers
American film score composers
American male classical composers
American musical theatre composers
American Romantic composers
American male film score composers
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
British emigrants to the United States