Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Suspicion is a book written in 1987 by Mike McQuay. It is part of the series Isaac Asimov's Robot City, which is inspired by Isaac Asimov's Robot series.

Plot summary
Derec, who has amnesia, and Katherine have been transported to mysterious planet containing an experimental city entirely populated by robots. The only other human that had resided in the city was murdered several days before their arrival, which was by transport using a mysterious device called the Key of Perihelion.  Because they wish to keep secret how they arrived in Robot City, the robots assume either Derec or Katherine committed the murder. Of course, a robot could not do so due to the First Law. Thus, Derec and Katherine must clear their names.

Meanwhile, the city is growing and changed at an alarming rate. Buildings literally change right before their eyes. Derec learns the material the robots and the city itself is made of is the same highly advanced material that the robots of the asteroid he woke up on were made of, therefore connecting the two. The city is also plagued with nightly thunderstorms which produce a tremendous amount of rain. The city's reservoir is about to overflow, which would destroy the city.

While investigating the murder, they find a room at the top of the Compass Tower, the building on which they appeared when using the Key. The room is clearly used by the creator of Robot City to watch over the city without interfering or even being noticed by the rest of the city.  While searching the Central Core's data with a security-free computer terminal in the room Derec secretly learns Katherine's name is an assumed name and is angered at her deceit. He also learns that the Central Core refers to him as David 1 while referring to the dead man as David 2, adding to his theory that none of his experiences since he woke up are merely coincidence.

Derec begins to believe the death of David, the rain, and the city's grown are interconnected. Derec and Katherine decide to split up to speed up their investigations. Derec learns that the mining of building material is causing tremendous amounts of dust and that the building and changing of the city is creating tremendous amounts of heat and water vapor. Together, they are causing the rains, which will soon destroy the city. However, the city has perceived an alien presence and is in a heightened security mode, which is the cause of the rapid growth of the city. Since the presence was registered by the Central Core at the time David was murdered, they must solve the murder and convince it there is no alien presence to get the city to shut down, thus saving it.

Katherine finds the body of David still in the enclosed room formed when he died and has a utility robot cut a hole into it. She goes in to find that David looks exactly like Derec and faints. When she wakes back in their quarters she complains of a headache, but is willing to return to the body's location with Derec.  When they arrive it has been removed, assumingly by the clean up robots, and the room is empty. Derec theorizes it was pathogens in human blood (from a mundane cut on David's shoeless foot) that the Central Core was interpreting as an alien presence because of its lack of data on normal human blood borne pathogens. To test it, he cuts himself on the jagged edge of the hole in the wall and lets the blood drip on the floor. As expected, the wall responds and seals them in as it did David.

While they wait to be cut out, Katherine explains her real name is Ariel and she is the daughter of a wealthy family from Aurora. Her mother was funding the research of a Dr. Avery and this city is most likely his experiment.  Also, she has an incurable disease (contracted from a spacer) and was disowned by her family and banished from the planet.  She was searching for a cure when she met Derec in passing (she had earlier revealed to Derec his real name is David).  Later, she was captured by Aranimass.  No explanation is given to why she lied about her identity or kept this knowledge secret.

The robots arrive and begin cutting them out. Derec quickly realizes the cutting process is releasing the carbon monoxide in the building material and stops the cutting. He explains the murder wasn't really a murder and that David had died of carbon monoxide poisoning from being cut out when he was trapped.  Also, Katherine's headache was also caused by the carbon monoxide when the hole was cut for her to see the body. The robots realize this and agree Derec and Katherine, now Ariel, are innocent. Derec rushes off to tell the Central Core about pathogens to stop the out of control growth and, upset at her conversation with Derec, Ariel rushes to the Compass Tower to retrieve the Key.

As the rain starts falling, Ariel climbs down from the top to where Derec hid the Key only to find it gone. A robot climbs up from the bottom to protect her from falling and the rain by clamping itself to the structure around her. Meanwhile, Derec helps the robots figure out a way to divert that night's rain runoff so it won't destroy the city. The next morning he informs the Central Core about the pathogens and the city drops its security level, thus stopping the cycle of rain-causing dust and heat.  Ariel recovers from her night in the rain and tells Derec that the Key is missing. Without the Key, Derec and Ariel are stranded in Robot City with no hope of rescue. The series continues with Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Cyborg.

External links
 Isaac Asimov's Robot-Empire-Foundation Series Timeline

1987 novels
1987 science fiction novels


The Government Communication and Information System (GCIS) is a department of the South African government charged with coordinating, managing, and advising on all government communication with the public, including media liaison. It is a unit in the Office of the President and falls under the political authority of the Minister in the Presidency. The head of GCIS is the director-general of the department and the official spokesperson of the South African government.

The corporation was established on 18 May 1998 in terms of Section 7 (subsections 2 and 3) of the Public Service Act, 1994. It replaced the apartheid-era South African Communication Service.

List of directors-general
 Joel Netshitenzhe (1998–2006)
 Themba Maseko (2006–2011)
 Mzwanele Manyi (2011–2012)
 Phumla Williams (2020–2022)

Criticism
In 2023, GCIS was reported to start its own streaming service at a cost of R1 billion. This is in addition to the Department of Social Development spending a portion of its budget on its own streaming service (DSDTV).

References

External links
 GCIS

Government agencies of South Africa
Executive branch of the government of South Africa


Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Cyborg is a 1987 novel by William F. Wu. It is part of the series Isaac Asimov's Robot City, which are inspired by Isaac Asimov's Robot series, and his Foundation novels.

Plot summary
Derec and Ariel are stranded on a mysterious planet in an experimental city entirely populated by robots. Because Robot City has no spaceport, space ships or any way to radio for help, their only hope is to find the Key of Perihelion, an advanced transporting device that brought them to Robot City, and use it to transport elsewhere.  While searching the city for clues, they learn that robots have taken the Key to a large building, but they cannot gain access to the building.
Ariel distracts the security robot while Derec sneaks in and learns the robots have dismantled the original Key in order to produce more. Derec is caught trying to steal one of the newly manufactured Keys and is taken to the supervisor robot. However, he was still able to hide one on his person. They learn a Key only works with the being (robot, human, or alien) who has initialized it and the robots are initializing all the Keys for robots.

In searching the Central Core for other options of self-rescue, they discover there are now three other unknown beings on the planet. Through interviewing random robots near sightings, they determine two of the three are a robot and a child, who is most likely starving due to the absence of food in an all robot city.  They begin using their food replicator to produce food smells in hopes to attract the hungry visitor. It also involves a First Law priority to get the robots to help them search for the other inhabitants.

The third being is Jeff, a human who is the only survivor of a passenger ship that was attempting an emergency landing on the planet. Robot City's medical robots, who have advanced medical knowledge but erroneously lack basic human anatomy knowledge, weren't able to save Jeff's body. First Law dictated they save his brain by transplanting it into a robot body, thus creating a cyborg. They then froze his body to repair it when they get the human anatomy data they need.

When Jeff wakes up and is made aware of this fact, he panics and escapes without the medical team being able to finish their tests. Jeff quickly begins displaying psychological problems such as paranoia and anger impulses. He determines he is going to take over and rule Robot City with his superior strength, due to his robot body, yet no obligation to follow the Three Laws of Robotics. The medical team organizes a citywide search for Jeff, but his outward appearance makes it easy for him to blend anonymously into the robot crowd.

While exploring the city, Jeff's robot nose smells Derec and Ariel's food and follows the smells to them. In a fit of paranoid rage, he strikes them. Other robots, unaware of the robot being a "human," see this attack as a malfunctioning robot breaking the First Law and attempt to seize him, but Jeff escapes. Derec and Ariel are then involved in the capture of Jeff for their safety. They fear Jeff is in danger due to a chemical imbalance his brains life support system which increases the city's robots priority in searching for Jeff.

Later, Jeff happens across the other pair of beings in the city - Alpha and Wolruf. As Derec and Ariel surmised, Wolruf is starving. Jeff takes sympathy on the non-human and orders a city robot to feed Wolruf, but to not to report it is doing so. Also, Jeff calls Derec and Ariel and attempts to convince Ariel that she and Derec should do the transplant as well. This strikes a chord with Ariel due to her fatal disease. Jeff escapes detection several other times, but the medical team's search net is closing in.

Jeff is finally caught and identified by his lack of a radio comlink and his failure to accurately reproduce the behavior of a robot following the Three Laws. It is confirmed a hormone imbalance due to the robot's naivety of human chemistry has caused his erratic behavior. By scanning Derec's body, the medical robots are able to repair Jeff's human body and re-transplant his brain back into it.

Because of Alpha's lack of a radio comlink, he was also singled out during the search for Jeff. This brings Alpha back in contact with Derec and Ariel, who then learn of Wolruf's presence on the planet as well. Alpha also informs Derec that during Jeff's capture, he has been renamed to Mandelbrot when his special arm, which came from a robot similar to those in Robot City, became fully functional. Alpha, now Mandelbrot, informs them that the two arrived in a small ship taken from the Rockliffe Space Station and used it to follow the radio signal left by the Key.  Thus, there is a working ship they can use to escape.

They are disappointed to find the ship is a one-person escape pod.  They decide Jeff is the one who should use it to leave once his body has recuperated, despite Ariel's impending mortality. By now Derec and Ariel infer they have feelings for each other, but do not discuss it. Jeff leaves Robot City promising to send a rescue team when he reaches civilization.  Again, Derec and Ariel are stranded in Robot City.

External links
 Isaac Asimov's Robot-Empire-Foundation Series Timeline

1987 novels
1987 science fiction novels
Cyborgs in literature
Novels about robots


Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Refuge is a book written in 1988 by Rob Chilson. It is part of the series Isaac Asimov's Robot City, which is based on Isaac Asimov's Robot series.  It was Rob Chilson's return to writing at novel length after a break of over a decade.

Plot summary

Derec, Ariel, their alien companion Wolruf, and Derec's robot Mandelbrot are still waiting in Dr. Avery's ship at the hyperspace relay star, Kappa Whale. Several weeks have passed since they arrived and no ship has shown up from which they could obtain navigation charts. Attempts to fix the hyperwave radio have proven futile due to the lack of knowledge of its workings. Boredom is setting in as well as an increased severity of Ariel's sickness.  Something must be done.

Wolruf and Mandelbrot both agree Derec and Ariel should use the Key of Perihelion found on the ship to transport off the ship. Though, they don't know where they will be transported to, they assume back to Robot City.  Upon activating the Key, they are transported to a small 2-room apartment, obviously not in Robot City.  An old model robot in the apartment explains they are on Earth. Since Spacers aren't generally accepted on Earth, they immediately decide to make their way to a spaceport and leave for a Spacer world and medical care for Ariel.  However, the nearest spaceport is in another city.

R. David, the robot who was left there by Dr. Avery, proceeds to prepare them identification and ration tags so they can move about the massive enclosed Earth city with relative anonymity. He also explains a few of the social cultures they will experience while on Earth.  Derec and Ariel leave the apartment to explore ways to get to the spaceport and immediately begin to experience the differences in culture between Spacer worlds and Earth, primarily the population density which far exceeds that of Spacer worlds and their comfort levels.

Almost immediately, they begin to feel claustrophobic in the completely enclosed city. When they eat at the community kitchen, which holds upwards of 10,000 hungry Earthers at once, they truly begin to grasp Earth's population and are in awe of the incredible systems needed to feed, house, and cloth it.

On the transport system, they ask for directions to the train station and their Spacer accents earn them a warning to avoid the yeast farmers. They continued to ride the transport system and eventually arrive in Yeast Town where they again ask for directions. This time their accents gain them attention of several yeast farmers who begin to chase them with anger in their voices. Derec and Ariel flee, but get cornered. In desperation, Derec activates the Key of Perihelion and they transport back to the apartment.

They venture back out and, with directions from R. David, reach the train station. There they see that the train is completely enclosed (Earthers prefer not knowing they are in wide-open spaces) and decide they couldn't handle being in a small car with no windows for 12 hours.

The next day they go to the library to research other methods and discover transport trucks which drive on roads in the open between cities. They figure they could learn to drive a truck and steal one fairly easily since Earthers wouldn't expect that sort of crime from the population. They go to driving school where they are successful in learning to drive due their skills as space ship operators. Then they make their way to the docks scope out how to steal a truck, but are discovered and chased off. Though they escape, they are very tired and retire to the apartment.

The more of Earth's culture they experience, the more they begin to appreciate the Earth people and how they live. They begin seeing similarities in Earth and Spacer culture and begin to accept that aspects of Earth's culture even exceed that of Spacer culture.

Areil's disease has finally climaxed. Her lack of appetite, fatigue, and lack of concentration are worse than ever. Upon their return to the apartment, R. David immediately notices her health as drastically changed and urges that it take her to the hospital due to its First Law obligation. They submit to the notion they will not get off Earth to a Spacer world in time and decide to go to an Earth hospital.

The hospital staff is suspicious of their story and Spacer accents, but help Ariel anyway. They eventually diagnose Ariel with Amnemonic Plague and begin treating her. It is a disease that, once it has infected the mind, is very hard to cure. They tell Derec that as advanced as it has progressed that it's not 100% she will make it, but there is hope.

Because of their being Spacers, the medical staff insists on testing Derec for diseases that would be benign to Earthers but fatal to Spacers. Despite the prophylactic given to them by R. David (designed by Dr. Avery), he submits to the test. Derec is again impressed with Earth and is ashamed that he assumed they would need to get to a Spacer world for proper medical help. The reality is Earth hospitals deal with much more disease and injury than any Spacer hospital. The test results show he is healthy, but indicate he had once suffered from Amnemonic Plague, too, explaining his memory loss.

In efforts to replace Ariel's memory once she recovers, Derec begins encoding everything he remembers about her. Those encodings, along with encodings done by the medical robots, are used to kick start her memories when she wakes up. While Ariel is recovering, Derec is questioned by the Terrestrial Bureau of Investigation about what two Spacers were doing on Earth. Derec is able to convince the agent they were students studying human behavior patterns and their anonymity was important since Earthers would have treated the Spacers differently if they knew. They both agree that now "their cover was blown," Derec and Ariel would leave Earth.

As Ariel recovers, Derec begins to fall ill. Nightmares of Robot City, lack of appetite, and fatigue cause him to lose weight and strength. He eventually becomes aware of the Chemfets in him, which are microscopic circuit boards Dr. Avery injected him with and they are multiplying in his blood. Also, an implant in his brain has been trying to communicate with them. He realizes all of this at the point the implant and the Chemfets first are able to communication.

When Ariel is well enough to move, they request to visit the outside and are granted the odd request due to the fact they are Spacers and would be physiologically benefited by such a venture (as opposed to an Earther who would essentially go crazy). Outside, accompanied by a medical robot, Derec goes into a seizure and the robot runs for help. The seizure subsides and Derec explains they must return to Robot City and get Dr. Avery to reverse the process. They use the Key to return to the apartment.

Once there, R. David tells them Dr. Avery has a spaceship at the spaceport in New York and they can fly there fairly easily They choose this method and escape Earth with no problems.

Once in space, they prepare to return to Kappa Whale to join Wolruf and Mandelbrot again and to continue to Robot City along the trajectory they took from Robot City to the relay spot.  Once away from Earth's space, they are attacked by a ship that turns out to be Aranimass. He was able to follow the radio signature produced when a Key fires.  Derec and Ariel decide to ram Aranimass' ship then use the Key to escape to Earth. A third ship enters the scuffle which turns out to be Wolruf and Mandelbrot who had followed the same radio signature.

They eventually destroys Aranimass' ship, but there is severe damage to the other two ships rendering all three almost useless. Aranimass escapes in the command part of his ship. While scouting the wreckage of Aranimass' ship, they find a Robot City robot holding a Double Key of Perihelion. Unlike all of the Keys Derek and Ariel have used thus far, it seems that one of the Double Keys can have its ending location programmed. This means this Double Key would be used to go somewhere and then return, probably to Robot City, using the second of the set. Since a robot had it, the Key is coded to be used only by a robot.

Thus, Mandelbrot takes the Key and secures Wolruf, Derec, and Ariel with his special arm and activates the key. They arrive back on top of the Compass Tower overlooking Robot City.

References

External links
 Isaac Asimov's Robot-Empire-Foundation Series Timeline

1988 novels
1988 science fiction novels


The third season of 30 Rock, an American television comedy series, consists of 22 episodes and began airing on October 30, 2008, on the NBC network in the United States. The season was produced by Broadway Video, Little Stranger, and NBC Universal; the executive producers were series creator Tina Fey, Lorne Michaels, Marci Klein, David Miner, and Robert Carlock.

In this season, Liz focuses heavily on her personal life, trying to adopt a child and find a new romantic partner. Meanwhile, Jack Donaghy pursues a new relationship, Jenna Maroney undertakes a new Janis Joplin-based film project, and Tracy Jordan enjoys the success of his video game developed at the end of the previous season.

The third season aired under NBC's promotional banner "Comedy Night Done Right" on Thursdays at 9:30 p.m. Eastern Time. The season was critically acclaimed and received 22 Emmy Award nominations, the most for a single show in 2009. The nominations broke 30 Rock's own record (17) for the most nominated comedy in a single Primetime Emmy Award ceremony. The season was released on DVD as a three-disc boxed set under the title 30 Rock: Season 3 on September 22, 2009, by Universal Studios.

Synopsis
Season 3 continues from the epilogue of the Season 2 finale, Cooter. Jack tries to get his job—and his promotion—back. Meanwhile, Liz tries to adopt a baby, while Tracy enjoys the success of his pornographic video game as Jenna sues him for not properly compensating her.

Season-long plots include Jack meeting a new love interest, Elisa (Salma Hayek), and the search for his real father (portrayed by Alan Alda). Liz also finds a new love interest, Dr. Drew Baird (Jon Hamm), while going through cutbacks and discovering her potential to host a talk show. Jenna is cast as a Janis Joplin-type character since the life rights to Janis Joplin could not be obtained. Kenneth Parcell's (Jack McBrayer) age is also revealed to be questionable. It is also revealed, in the penultimate episode of season 7, that Jack and Jenna were romantically involved throughout season 3.

Crew
The third season was produced by Broadway Video, Little Stranger, Inc., and Universal Media Studios and aired on NBC. The executive producers were series creator Tina Fey, Lorne Michaels, Marci Klein, David Miner, and Robert Carlock. Jack Burditt, John Riggi, and Ron Weiner acted as co-executive producers. The producers for the season were Alec Baldwin, Jerry Kupfer, and Don Scardino with Diana Schmidt and Irene Burns as co-producers. Joann Alfano had been the executive producer for the first and second seasons and vacated that position afterward.  Ron Weiner became a co-executive producer after being a story editor for the second season. Alec Baldwin, who plays Jack Donaghy in the series, became a producer for the third season.

There were 11 directors through the season. Those who directed multiple episodes were series producer Don Scardino, Gail Mancuso, and Beth McCarthy. There were eight directors who each directed one episode throughout the season: Steve Buscemi, Todd Holland, Constantine Makris, John Riggi, Ken Whittingham, Tricia Brock, Millicent Shelton, and Scott Ellis. Series writers who penned episodes this season include Tina Fey, Robert Carlock, Jack Burditt, John Riggi, and Matt Hubbard.

Cast

Ten actors received star billing. Tina Fey portrayed Liz Lemon, the head writer of a fictitious live-sketch-comedy television series TGS. The TGS cast consists of three actors. The lead actor is the loose cannon movie star Tracy Jordan, portrayed by Tracy Morgan. The co-stars are the dense Jenna Maroney, portrayed by Jane Krakowski and Josh Girard, who is also a writer for TGS, portrayed by Lonny Ross. Jack McBrayer played the naïve NBC page Kenneth Parcell. Scott Adsit acted as the witty and wise TGS producer, Pete Hornberger. Judah Friedlander portrayed trucker hat-wearing staff writer Frank Rossitano. Alec Baldwin played the NBC network executive Jack Donaghy. Donaghy's full corporate title for the majority of the season is "Head of East Coast Television and Microwave Oven Programming". Keith Powell played the Harvard University alumnus and TGS staff writer James "Toofer" Spurlock. Katrina Bowden acted as writers' assistant Cerie Xerox. Other cast members include, Maulik Pancholy as Jonathan, Grizz Chapman as Grizz Griswold, and Kevin Brown as "Dot Com" Slattery. The cast featured recurring characters, including John Lutz as J.D. Lutz, and Chris Parnell as Dr. Leo Spaceman.

Salma Hayek had a recurring guest appearance in six episodes as Elisa, a nurse for Jack Donaghy's mother and Donaghy's eventual love interest. She first appeared in "Señor Macho Solo" and made her final appearance in "The Ones". Steve Buscemi appeared in the episodes "The Natural Order" and "Mamma Mia" as Lenny Wosniak, a private detective occasionally hired by Donaghy. Alan Alda appeared in the episodes "Mamma Mia" and "Kidney Now!" as Milton Greene, a man believed to be Jack Donaghy's father.

Main cast
 Tina Fey as Liz Lemon, the head writer of TGS, a live sketch comedy television show. (22 episodes)
 Tracy Morgan as Tracy Jordan, a loose cannon movie star and cast member of TGS. (22 episodes)
 Jane Krakowski as Jenna Maroney, a vain, fame-obsessed TGS cast member and Liz's best friend. (20 episodes, does not appear in “Gavin Volure”, “Larry King”)
 Jack McBrayer as Kenneth Parcell, a naïve, television-loving NBC page from Georgia. (22 episodes)
 Scott Adsit as Pete Hornberger, the witty and wise producer of TGS. (14 episodes)
 Judah Friedlander as Frank Rossitano, an immature staff writer for TGS. (18 episodes)
 Alec Baldwin as Jack Donaghy, a high-flying NBC network executive and Liz's mentor. (22 episodes)
 Katrina Bowden as Cerie Xerox, the young, attractive TGS general assistant. (16 episodes)
 Keith Powell as James "Toofer" Spurlock, a proud African-American staff writer for TGS. (11 episodes)
 Lonny Ross as Josh Girard, a young, unintelligent TGS cast member. (4 episodes)
 Kevin Brown as Walter "Dot Com" Slattery, a member of Tracy's entourage. (14 episodes)
 Grizz Chapman as Warren "Grizz" Griswold, a member of Tracy's entourage. (14 episodes)
 Maulik Pancholy as Jonathan, Jack's assistant who is obsessed with him. (9 episodes)

Recurring cast
 John Lutz as J.D. Lutz, a lazy, overweight TGS writer who is often ridiculed by his co-workers. (13 episodes)
 Salma Hayek as Elisa Pedrera, a Puerto Rican nurse and Jack's love interest. (6 episodes)
 Chris Parnell as Dr. Leo Spaceman, a physician who practices questionable medical techniques. (4 episodes)
Todd Buonopane as Jeffrey Weinerslav, an employee in GE's human resources department. (3 episodes)
 Jon Hamm as Dr. Andrew "Drew" Baird, a pediatrician and Liz's neighbor who she takes a romantic interest in. (3 episodes)
 Elaine Stritch as Colleen Donaghy, Jack's cold and overbearing mother. (3 episodes)
 Alan Alda as Milton Greene, Jack's biological father. (2 episodes)
 Steve Buscemi as Lenny Wosniak, a private investigator hired by Jack. (2 episodes)
 Marceline Hugot as Kathy Geiss, Don Geiss' socially awkward middle-aged daughter. (2 episodes)
 Nancy O'Dell as herself (2 episodes)
 Sherri Shepherd as Angie Jordan, Tracy's no-nonsense wife. (2 episodes)
 Rip Torn as Don Geiss, CEO of GE and Jack's boss and mentor. (2 episodes)
 Meredith Viera as herself (2 episodes)

Guest stars
 Clay Aiken as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Harry Anderson as himself (Episode: "The One with the Cast of Night Court")
 Jennifer Aniston as Claire Harper, Liz and Jenna's old roommate from college. (Episode: "The One with the Cast of Night Court")
 Will Arnett as Devon Banks, NBC's Vice President of West Coast News, Web Content and Theme Park Talent Relations and Jack's nemesis. (Episode: "Do-Over")
 Sara Bareilles as herself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Roger Bart as Brad Halster, a consultant hired to slash TGS's budget. (Episode: "Cutbacks")
 Beastie Boys as themselves (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Mary J. Blige as herself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Billy Bush as himself (Episode: "Señor Macho Solo")
 Elvis Costello as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Sheryl Crow as herself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Peter Dinklage as Stewart LaGrange, a diplomatic attaché at the United Nations who Liz dates. (Episode: "Señor Macho Solo")
 Steve Earle as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Donald Glover as a gay kid. (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Jackie Hoffman as Rochelle Gaulke, the defendant in a case in which Liz is on the jury. (Episode: "The Funcooker")
 Wyclef Jean as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Norah Jones as herself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Calvin Klein as himself (Episode: "The Bubble")
 Larry King as himself (Episode: "Larry King")
 Talib Kweli as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Matt Lauer as himself (Episode: "Generalissimo")
 Cyndi Lauper as herself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Adam Levine as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 John Lithgow as himself (Episode: "Goodbye, My Friend")
 Patti LuPone as Sylvia Rossitano, Frank's stereotypical Italian-American mother. (Episode: "Goodbye, My Friend")
 Steve Martin as Gavin Volure, an agoraphobic entrepreneur who takes an interest in Liz. (Episode: "Gavin Volure")
 Michael McDonald as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 John McEnroe as himself (Episode: "Gavin Volure")
 Rhett Miller as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Moby as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Janel Moloney as Jessica, a member of Liz's graduating class from high school. (Episode: "Reunion")
 Megan Mullally as Bev, Liz's hostile adoption agent. (Episode: "Do-Over")
 Diane Neal as Erin, a member of Liz's graduating class from high school. (Episode: "Reunion")
 Don Pardo as Sid, the TGS announcer. (Episode: "Cutbacks")
 Paula Pell as Paula Hornberger, Pete's wife. (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Markie Post as herself (Episode: "The One with the Cast of Night Court")
 Robert Randolph as himself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")
 Charlie Robinson as himself (Episode: "The One with the Cast of Night Court")
 Amy Schumer as a stylist. (Episode: "Mamma Mia")
 Maria Thayer as Jennifer Rogers, a blind woman who Kenneth has a crush on. (Episode: "St. Valentine's Day")
 Adam West as himself (Episode: "Apollo, Apollo")
 Brian Williams as himself (Episode: "The Ones")
 Oprah Winfrey as herself (Episode: "Believe in the Stars")
 Dean Winters as Dennis Duffy, Liz's immature ex-boyfriend. (Episode: "Apollo, Apollo")
 Rachael Yamagata as herself (Episode: "Kidney Now!")

Episodes

Reception

Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 92% with an average score of 8.3 out of 10 based on 38 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Brandishing its trademark silliness with vigor, 30 Rocks third season hits the ground running and cements its reputation as one of the smartest, funniest comedies on television." Robert Canning of IGN called the third season "a series at the top of its game", scoring the season a 9.3 out of 10. In particular, Canning noted that the "first half of the year ... had the most focus." Canning said the premiere episode "Do-Over" was "filled to capacity with comedy", called "Señor Macho Solo" "near perfect", but said the story for the finale "Kidney Now!" was "fun" but "average for a season finale." Alynda Wheat of Entertainment Weekly, reviewing the DVD release, gave the season an A−. Jeremy Medina of Paste magazine also reviewed the premiere, saying it was "sort of like the first day of school after summer vacation: sort of awkward at times, but fast and buoyant and warmly familiar all the same". Brian Lowry of Variety was more critical, calling the third season "wildly uneven" and saying 30 Rock was "merely a good comedy whose shortcomings prevent it from joining the ranks of great ones." The season is also noted by critics positively due to the praise of Tracy Morgan and Jack McBrayer's performance. Metacritic, which gives a score based on critical reviews, gave the season a rating of 84% from 17 reviews, signifying "universal acclaim".

Ratings
The season premiere, "Do-Over", received 8.7 million viewers and was the highest-rated episode of the series. The sixth episode "Christmas Special" would break that mark, garnering 8.9 million viewers. Digital Video Recorder (DVR) accounted for an average additional 1.2 million viewers for episodes of the third season. 30 Rock is the most popular series among upscale viewers, defined as those who have an income higher than $100,000 a year, on the broadcast networks. The show averaged 7.7 million viewers through the first ten episodes, a ratings level that Variety called "solid" and credited to pairing the show with The Office on NBC's Thursday schedule. The season finale, "Kidney Now!", aired on May 14, 2009, and was viewed by 5.7 million viewers.

Awards and nominations
This season of 30 Rock received 22 Emmy Award nominations, the most for a show in 2009, breaking  30 Rock own record for the most nominated comedy in a single Primetime Emmy Award year (previously 17). At the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards, 30 Rock won two Creative Arts Emmy Awards, "Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series" and "Outstanding Picture Editing for a Comedy Series", for the episode "Apollo, Apollo". The show won three Primetime Emmy Awards: "Outstanding Comedy Series", Alec Baldwin won "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series" for his role as Jack Donaghy, and Matt Hubbard won "Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series" for his work on "Reunion". Tina Fey, though nominated, did not win "Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series", which she had  won the previous year; Toni Collette from The United States of Tara won instead. CNN called the decision a "mild surprise", saying Fey was the "heavy favorite".

Distribution
30 Rock is broadcast in Canada, the United Kingdom (UK), and Australia, in addition to the United States. The show was simulcast in Canada on Citytv. This season of 30 Rock was shown in Australia on the Seven Network at 11:30 p.m. local time starting on February 2, 2009. The third season began in the UK on October 5, 2009, on Comedy Central, moving from Five where the previous season had aired.

The season was released on DVD by Universal Studios on September 22, 2009, in the United States and Canada after it had completed an initial broadcast run on NBC. The DVD set is scheduled for Australian release on November 11, 2009. The 3-disc set of 22 episodes has a 1.78:1 aspect ratio, Dolby Surround 2.0 and 5.1, and English and Spanish subtitles. In addition to the episodes, the DVD set special features included unaired scenes, featurettes, and audio commentary on the select episodes, "Flu Shot", "Goodbye, My Friend", "The Bubble", "Apollo, Apollo", "The Ones", "Mamma Mia" and "Kidney Now!".

References

External links

2008 American television seasons
2009 American television seasons


The One Main Building, formerly the Merchants and Manufacturers Building (commonly referred to as the M&M Building), is a building on the campus of the University of Houston–Downtown.  The building is recognized as part of the National Register of Historic Places, is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, and considered a Contributing Building in Downtown Houston's Main Street/Market Square Historic District.  The building was built above Allen's Landing—an area where Houston's founders John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen originally settled.

The Merchants and Manufacturers Building was built in 1930 and was the largest building in the city at the time.  Although the commerce-focused building featured 14 miles of floor space and could accommodate one-third of the city's population, the Great Depression in the United States stifled initial participation.  The building was purchased by South Texas Junior College in the 1960s, which became the university of  College in 1974.

The building remains as the largest facility of the University of Houston–Downtown and was given an official designation as "One Main Building,"  or simply the "Main Building," by the university.

References

External links

University of Houston–Downtown
National Register of Historic Places in Houston
History of Houston
University and college academic buildings in the United States
Art Deco architecture in Texas
Historic district contributing properties in Texas
Buildings and structures completed in 1930
Buildings and structures in Houston
1930 establishments in Texas
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks


The Rainbow is a 1989 British drama film co-written and directed by Ken Russell and adapted from the D. H. Lawrence novel The Rainbow (1915). Sammi Davis stars as Ursula, a sheltered young pupil, then schoolteacher, who is taken under the wing (sexually and otherwise) by the more sophisticated Winifred (Amanda Donohoe).

Russell's film was a companion to his 1969 adaption of Lawrence's second novel about the Brangwen sisters Women in Love (1920). Glenda Jackson appears as the mother of the character she played in Women in Love (1969). Leonard Maltin commented that "Many beautiful and striking moments don't quite gel, but still worth watching". The film was entered into the 16th Moscow International Film Festival.

Plot
Set during the final years of England's Victorian era, Ursula Brangwen is the eldest of several children of wealthy Derbyshire farmer Will Brangwen and his wife Anna. Since the age of 3, Ursula has had a fascination with rainbows, and after one rainstorm, she runs off with a suitcase hoping to look for a pot of gold at the end of it. Will tries to ease her fascination by making her a jam sandwich with several spreads of different flavoured jam resembling a rainbow.

During her teenage years, Ursula falls into a same sex romance with her older swimming and gym teacher Winifred Inger, while at the same time, Ursula also begins having romantic feelings for Anton Skrebensky, a student at the nearby boys' high school who plans to enlist in the Army after graduation. Ursula and Winifred spend romantic weekends together at Winifred's house as well as hiking in the hills around the area. Winifred introduces Ursula to an artist friend of hers who encourages Ursula to model in the nude for his paintings, and when the artist, Mac, makes sexual advances towards Ursula and refuses to pay her for her modeling, she walks out.

One weekend, Ursula brings along Winifred as her chaperone when she visits her father's wealthy older brother, Uncle Henry, who becomes smitten with Winifred and, after a short courtship, proposes marriage to her. Winifred accepts which creates jealousy in Ursula.

Feeling abandoned and alone after Winifred leaves her to marry Uncle Henry, and Anton goes off to fight in the Second Boer War in South Africa, Ursula decides to restart her life by becoming a schoolteacher. After graduation from high school, Ursula moves to London where she takes a job as a schoolmarm at a poor elementary school in the East End, where she becomes quickly appalled by the lack of discipline and hygiene among the impoverished children she is forced to teach (many of whom are illiterate child laborers). She also fends off sexual advances by the lecherous headmaster of the school, who uses physical discipline to settle unruly students. Ursula initially refuses to go to that level of physical punishment for her class. However, after being provoked a few too many times by one belligerent boy who uses a slingshot to pelt her with small stones, Ursula finally loses her temper and violently beats the child with a cane in full view of the class and school staff. While her violent outburst actually pacifies her students, and makes the headmaster stop making inappropriate passes at her, Ursula is guilt-ridden by her own actions and as a result, she quits her job when the school year ends.

Returning to her family farm a year-and-a-half later in the spring of 1901, Ursula is reunited with Anton who is back from war and wants to rekindle a romance with her. After having a casual reunion with Winifred, who is married to Uncle Henry and now has a baby, Ursula decides to consummate her romance with Anton. At the same time, Ursula also begins working with a local miners' union to help out unprivileged workers with salary and securities. When she learns that she may be pregnant, Anton proposes marriage to her, but she turns him down, wanting to follow her own path in life.

After Ursula learns that she is not pregnant, Anton leaves her for good. One day, Ursula is attacked while walking home alone by two mine workers who attempt to rape her, but she escapes and spends most of the day hiding out in a rain-soaked forest, but she makes it back to her farm. There she finds a telegram from Anton, who informs her he married another woman and has left the country with her for a military post in India.

After a heartfelt talk with her father about life and what path it leads in life, Ursula decides to start all over again by taking another teaching position in a new town about two hours away. In the final scene, Ursula packs a suitcase and runs out of her house to chase another large rainbow that appears after a storm, just like her younger self used to in the opening scene.

Cast

 Sammi Davis as Ursula Brangwen
 Paul McGann as Anton Skrebensky
 Amanda Donohoe as Winifred Inger
 Christopher Gable as Will Brangwen
 David Hemmings as Uncle Henry
 Glenda Jackson as Anna Brangwen
 Dudley Sutton as MacAllister
 Jim Carter as Mr. Harby
 Judith Paris as Miss Harby
 Kenneth Colley as Mr. Brunt
 Glenda McKay as Gudrun Brangwen
 Mark Owen as Jim Richards
 Ralph Nossek as Vicar
 Nicola Stephenson as Ethel
 Molly Russell as Molly Brangwen
 Alan Edmondson as Billy Brangwen
 Rupert Russell as Rupert Brangwen
 Richard Platt as Chauffeur
 Bernard Latham as Uncle Alfred
 John Tams as Uncle Frank
 Zoe Brown as Ursula (aged 3)
 Amy Evans as Baby Gudrun
 Sam McMullen as Winifred's baby

Production
Russell wrote the script in the late 1970s after making Clouds of Glory (1978) for television. He collaborated with Viv Russell and felt it would be a relatively easy film to finance because Women in Love had been such a success. Russell said he was "well pleased" with the script "mainly due to Viv's contribution."

He focused on the last third of the novel, the story of Ursula. Russell called it "a timeless parable...about a girl who won't stay within the comforting womb of her family but goes off alone to find her own way in life...This film's about saying no I won't because I'm me and not you. And it's about a woman saying that in the days they weren't supposed to."

"It's the same heroines," Russell said, "but they're in their teens rather than in their 20s. It's them growing up and battling all the things that females of all ages have had to do throughout history."

Russell was optimistic about getting money. "I was back on home ground in Lawrence country. There was nude wrestling (a man and a woman this time) and stampeding animals (shire horses this time) all that lovely scenery and the usual horny miners."

However, all the major studios in Hollywood passed. So too did David Puttnam, who Russell said thought the script was a "downer" and that Ursula was a "pain in the arse". Puttnam did say he would recommend it to Goldcrest Films, but the director heard nothing further from him.

In 1983, it was reported that Russell had taken an option on the novel.  In January 1984, Russell said he was unable to get finance for the film. "It seems to me that as the last one did well commercially this would too. But I just can't sell it anywhere. Everyone says 'it's a beautiful script but it's not commercial.' Of course they'd be saying exactly the same thing about Women in Love if I were trying to sell that now. It's so hard to find anyone with the courage to say yes to anything today."

In April 1987, Russell said he "had no luck with" raising funding for The Rainbow, though he was hopeful to make a movie of a Lawrence novella, St Mawr.

However, Russell's film Gothic (1986) became a big success on video, and Vestron told Dan Ireland that if Russell could come up with a horror movie, they would finance The Rainbow. He signed a three-picture deal with Vestron that included Salome's Last Dance, Lair of the White Worm and The Rainbow.

Russell says the film was budgeted at £2.5 million, but Vestron insisted he lose half a million from the budget. He rewrote the script to lose a dream sequence and a crowd sequence and decided to shoot the film in London and not the Lake District as originally planned. Russell later wrote these changes did not compromise the film: indeed, he felt they tightened the script.

Vestron wanted names: they hoped Glenda Jackson would play the mother of one of the characters in Women in Love but she was on Broadway at the time. Russell offered the part to Julie Christie, who turned it down. Vestron wanted Doug Savant to play the English officer, but Russell did not think he was suitable. Russell wanted to work with Amanda Donohoe again, but Vestron pressed for a name; Kelly McGillis, Mariel Hemingway and Theresa Russell turned it down, while Catherine Oxenberg would not appear nude. Vestron agreed to Sammi Davis in the lead, as they had liked her in Lair of the White Worm. Charles Dance and Jeremy Irons turned down the role of Davis' father, enabling Russell to cast Christopher Gable.

Russell said Davis "has exactly the same characteristics as the young Glenda Jackson: a totally instinctive ability to identify with the character she is playing, an emotional directness and that undefinable quality that makes the camera love her."

Russell later said the character of Ursula was "a bit of a problem to bring off because she's a young woman who is fighting hard for her identity and she could be seen as grumbling all the time...but Sammi transcends all that."

Vestron refused to green light to film without names. Viv suggested Elton John, who wanted to try acting, and he was sent a copy of the script.  In June 1988, it was announced Elton John was to play Uncle Harry. Glenda Jackson was able to make the movie and this led to Vestron agreeing to finance it.

Filming started in July. The film was shot in London, Oxfordshire and the Lake District over seven weeks.

During filming, John bowed out for "personal reasons". Russell offered the role to Alan Bates and Oliver Reed, who both turned it down before David Hemmings accepted.

Producer Ronaldo Vasconcellos called it "one of Ken's calmer films and I think the world is ready for it."

The film came out a few months after a British TV version of the novel, which had a bigger budget. Davis had auditioned for the lead, but been turned down in favour of Imogen Stubbs.

Sammi Davis said "Ken couldn't be normal. But he's the best director I ever worked with: full of energy, a brilliant sense of humor. And very demonstrative, not wordy-which I like, 'cause I'm not a wordy person. The reason people probably think he's crazy is because of his films. He picks such odd subjects."

Davis appeared in the film naked in a few scenes. "Up till then I'd always said no," she says. "But (nudity) was so essential to this part. That's what Lawrence is about: nakedness, physically and mentally getting down to the core of the person. That's why I felt fine about doing it."

References

External links

1989 films
1989 drama films
1989 LGBT-related films
1980s British films
1980s English-language films
1980s historical drama films
British historical drama films
British LGBT-related films
Female bisexuality in film
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by D. H. Lawrence
Films directed by Ken Russell
Films scored by Carl Davis
Films set in the 1910s
Lesbian-related films
LGBT-related drama films
Vestron Pictures films


Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Perihelion is a book written in 1988 by William F. Wu. It is part of the series Isaac Asimov's Robot City, which was inspired by Isaac Asimov's Robot series.

Plot summary
Derec, Ariel, their alien companion Wolruf, and Derec's robot Mandelbrot have returned to Robot City to convince Dr. Avery to remove the Chemfets he injected into Derec's blood while they were in his custody. From the top the Compass Tower they descend into the apartment on the uppermost floor.  There they use the computer terminal to begin their search for the location of Dr. Avery, but have no luck.

Derec's condition is worsening quickly, so it is decided that Mandelbrot and Wolruf will enter the city and try to gain useful information. Wolruf being non-human and Mandelbrot being a robot allows them a bit of anonymity since Derek and Ariel would most certainly be noticed and reported.

Mandelbrot obtains a work assignment from the Central Computer and learns that all work is being automated to the point where it can be performed by "function robots", robots without positronic brains, after which only a skeleton crew of robots would be needed. All positronic robots have also been programmed with "Migration Programming" which is executed upon completion of their tasks, but Mandelbrot is unable to learn what Migration Programming is.

While Mandelbrot and Wolruf are away, Derec gets even worse, and Ariel decides they can't wait for Mandelbrot and Wolruf's return and must leave the apartment now.  Moving around seems to ease some of Derec's symptoms.  As the descend into the Compass Tower, they run into Euler, a robot they met the first time they were in Robot City. He acts in an odd way and attempts to restrain them, but they get away.

As they exit Compass Tower, they are immediately captured by Hunter Robots and placed on a truck for transport. Mandelbrot arrives and convinces the driver to let him drive instead. Mandelbrot swerves several times putting the Hunters off balance allowing Derec and Ariel to push them out of the vehicle. They escape with the truck and find a hiding spot.

Soon afterwards, Jeff returns in a spacecraft to make good in his offer to help Derek and Ariel escape. He lands near the Compass Tower, but is immediately taken into custody by a Hunter. Mandelbrot, seeing the landing, arrives in time to save Jeff from the Hunter and the two make their getaway. After meeting with Derek and Ariel and being updated on the situation, they decide to board Jeff's ship and search for Dr. Avery from orbit.  Despite the Hunters having anticipated this move, they are able to avoid capture and make it to orbit.

From orbit they see that Robot City now covers the entire planet. They find a small group of farm fields, however, and assume that is food being grown for Dr. Avery, currently the only human inhabitant, and that his lair must be near them. Upon landing, Mandelbrot and Wolruf debark while Jeff take the three humans back into orbit to wait.

Mandelbrot and Wolruf, find the city all but abandoned in the area.  Apparently, almost the entire robot population has executed their Migration Programming and left.  Wolruf makes it to the woods near the fields, but is being pursued by Hunters. Mandelbrot fakes a defect and allows itself to be taken to a repair facility.  Upon leaving the facility, a rogue robot general alert is raised, so Hunters are back on its trail.

While waiting in orbit, Derec's condition continues to deteriorate and Jeff and Ariel decide to land and find Dr. Avery for themselves. They land near the field and exit quickly.  Once in the field, they decide the best way to interrupt the Migration Programming of the city's robots is to commit a crime since the robots have clearly shown they have difficulty dealing with them. They stop a robot and use Derec's condition to convince it that the robot had harmed him. The robot shuts down due to its belief it had broken the first of the Three Laws of Robotics, the harming of a human.

Deceiving this robot only buys them time and soon the Hunters are on them again. Jeff makes a break for it alone attempting to distract them since Derec has deteriorated to the point where he can't run or even move. Derek and Ariel attempt to hide in the field and find what looks like a vent leading down into the ground. At the risk of being caught, the jump into it and slide down, apparently into Dr. Avery's lair. Once at the bottom, Derec can no longer continue, so Ariel does on her own.

As she continues, she enters a bizarre maze filled with likenesses of Derec and others she has encountered during her time in Robot City. She makes her way through the maze and eventually enters a chamber reminiscent of a medieval king's dining hall. There she finds Dr. Avery.

Though she doesn't remember Dr. Avery, it is clear they have met before. Soon, the others are brought to the chamber by Hunters; Jeff, Derec, Wolruf, and Mandelbrot. It is revealed that Derec real name is actually David Avery, Dr. Avery's son. Ariel and David (Derec) had once had a relationship which Dr. Avery didn't approve of. Dr. Avery had inflicted them both with Amnemonic Plague and split them up in order to end the relationship. A plan that obviously didn't work.

Furthermore, he injected Derec with the Chemfets so he would become the eventual ruler of the Robot City robots, but not only the robots in Robot City, but the robots of all of the Robot Cities. It turns out the Migration Programming is sending all of the robots in Robot City to other planets via the "Keys of Perihelion" to begin building Robot Cities everywhere, invading and colonizing every planet they can find.

During this conversation, the Chemfets finally finish their process within Derec. Not only is he physically normal again, he finds that he has complete control of all of the robots of Robot City. With this power he easily halts the Migration Programming process and recalls the robots. This enrages Dr. Avery and before Derec can order a Hunter to subdue him, he produces a "Key of Perihelion" from his pocket and disappears.

Tired and happy, their adventure over, Derec finally kisses Ariel.

External links
 Isaac Asimov's Robot-Empire-Foundation Series Timeline

1988 novels
1988 science fiction novels


Fatal Bullet (foaled February 12, 2005 in Florida) is a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse. A five-time stakes winner, he was crowned 2008 Canadian Horse of the Year and Champion Sprinter.

Background and family
Bred in Florida by premier breeding farm Adena Springs, Fatal Bullet was sired by Red Bullet, the winner of the 2000 Preakness Stakes. The sire of other stakes horses such as Royal Currier, Cool Bullet, and Red Lead, his progeny have collectively earned more than $9.1 million. Fatal Bullet is out of the Regal Classic mare Sararegal, who has also produced stakes winning filly Millennia.

Fatal Bullet was purchased by Danny Dion's Bear Racing Stables for $27,000 at Adena Springs's 2007 Two-Year-Olds in Training sale.

Racing career

2007–2008: early career
During his racing career, Fatal Bullet was trained by Reade Baker who has also trained stakes winners Breaking Lucky, Bear Now, and Solid Appeal, among others.

Fatal Bullet ran his first six starts at Woodbine, winning his debut maiden and three allowances. He made his graded stakes debut in his third start, the 2007 Summer Stakes, finishing ninth.

Fatal Bullet's first start outside of Canada came in the Woody Stephens Stakes at Belmont Park in July 2008. He finished eighth in the race.

2008: Horse of the Year
The gelding's first stakes win came next in the listed Bold Venture Stakes, where he set a new track record for 6.5 furlongs. Following his first big win were two more- the Tom Ridge Stakes at Presque Isle Downs and the Gr.III Kentucky Cup Sprint Stakes, a race in which he set another track record of 6.5 furlongs. In his final start of 2008, Fatal Bullet contested the 2008 Gr.I Breeders' Cup Sprint at Oak Tree. Fatal Bullet finished a valiant second to champion Midnight Lute, who came back from injury to win the race for the second time, in record time.

For his performances in 2008, Fatal Bullet was crowned the Sovereign Award for Canadian Champion Sprinter and Canadian Horse of the Year. Fatal Bullet also received three votes for American Champion Sprint Horse at the 2008 Eclipse Awards, with the winner being Benny the Bull.

2009–2013: later career
Fatal Bullet's first start after the Breeders' Cup came next year in the 2009 Bold Venture Stakes, in a title defence. Fatal Bullet is one of six horses to win the Bold Venture Stakes twice. The final time, 1:14.90, was only 0.36 off Fatal Bullet's own stakes record, which Fatal Bullet had set the year before. In his next start, Fatal Bullet finished sixth in the Alfred G. Vanderbilt Handicap. The gelding's final stakes win came afterwards in the Gr.III Phoenix Stakes.

Fatal Bullet again contested the Breeders' Cup Sprint, this time finishing a poor sixth to winner Big Drama.

Fatal Bullet's later career consisted of several board-hitting performances in graded races, such as the Play the King Stakes, Nearctic Stakes, Kennedy Road Stakes, and Eclipse Stakes. His final win came in July 2016 in an allowance at Woodbine Racetrack.

Fatal Bullet has not raced since November 2013, when he finished 8th in the Kennedy Road Stakes. He has presumably been retired.

References

 Fatal Bullet's pedigree and partial racing stats
 ''Louisville Courier-Journal  September 28, 2008 article titled  Fatal Bullet sizzles in KC Sprint

2005 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in Florida
Racehorses trained in Canada
Horse racing track record setters
Canadian Thoroughbred Horse of the Year
Thoroughbred family 5-h


The Gitaru Hydroelectric Power Station, also known as the Gitaru Dam, is a rock and earth-filled embankment dam on the Tana River in Kenya. It straddles the border between Embu and Machakos Counties in the former Eastern Province. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation, and it supports a 225 megawatt power station.

Location
The power station is located approximately , by road, east of the town of Mavuria in Embu County. This is approximately , by road, northeast of Nairobi, Kenya's capital city. The geographical coordinates of Gitaru Power Station are:00°47'43.0"S, 37°45'09.0"E (Latitude:-0.795278; Longitude:37.752500).

History
Construction of the dam began in 1975 and was completed in 1978. The third generating set, mobilizing the full potential of the power station was not commissioned until 1999. The World Bank lent US$63 million towards the development of this power station. The station is operated by the Kenya Electricity Generating Company and is part of the Seven Forks Scheme.

Overview
The  tall dam withholds a  reservoir. The relatively small reservoir relies on steady releases from the Masinga and Kamburu Dams upstream. The reservoir power station is located underground near the left abutment and contains two 72 megawatt and one 81 megawatt Francis turbine-generators. Water released from the station is returned to the Tana at the Kindaruma Reservoir via a  long tailrace tunnel. The difference in elevation between the reservoir and power station affords a net hydraulic head of .

See also

Kamburu Hydroelectric Power Station – Upstream
Kindaruma Hydroelectric Power Station – Downstream
List of power stations in Kenya

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 1999
Hydroelectric power stations in Kenya
Dams on the Tana River (Kenya)
Dams in Kenya
Dams completed in 1978
Underground power stations
Embankment dams
Machakos County
Embu County
1999 establishments in Kenya


Marinus Gerardus Adrianus "Marc" van Hintum (born 22 June 1967) is a Dutch former footballer who played professionally for Helmond Sport, Willem II, Vitesse Arnhem, Hannover 96 and RKC Waalwijk, as well as for the Dutch national side.

References

External links
 Cv Marc van Hintum
 Marc van Hintum at Ronald Zwiers

1967 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Dutch association football commentators
Netherlands men's international footballers
RKC Waalwijk players
SBV Vitesse players
Willem II (football club) players
Hannover 96 players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Sportspeople from Oss
Men's association football fullbacks
Footballers from North Brabant


Stanley Festus Sofu (born 1964 in Fataolo Village, Malaita Province) is a Solomon Islands politician.

He attended the Honiara Technical Institute from 1981 to 1985, followed by management courses, before working as a heavy plant mechanic. He then obtained a position as a works officer, and eventually as principal works officer, before going into politics. He began his political career as a member of the Provincial Assembly of Malaita Province, becoming Deputy Premier and Education Minister for the Province, before moving on to national politics.

His career in national politics began when he was elected to Parliament as the member for East Kwaio in the April 2006 general election. When Snyder Rini's government was forced to resign in the face of public protests and a motion of no confidence in May, the new Prime Minister, Manasseh Sogavare, appointed Sofu to Cabinet as Minister for Infrastructure and Development. In November 2007, Sofu joined the Opposition and left the Cabinet, but regained a Cabinet position when Sogavare's government was ousted by a motion of no confidence in December. Sogavare's successor, Derek Sikua, returned Sofu to his post as Minister for Infrastructure and Development, which he then held until August 2010.

He retained his seat in Parliament in the August 2010 general election. As a member of the Democratic Party, led by Opposition Leader Steve Abana, he served initially as an Opposition frontbencher; Abana appointed him Shadow Minister for Infrastructure Development. In December, however, in a Cabinet reshuffle prompted by the sacking of two ministers, Sofu defected to the government and was promoted to Cabinet as Minister for Public Service. The following month, he defected back to the Opposition, two days after four other ministers had moved to the Opposition. On February 20, he defected to the government once more, following four other MPs who had moved from the Opposition to the government in the preceding days. He was restored to his position as Minister for Public Service.

On April 18, Philip removed him from Cabinet in a reshuffle to make way for five Opposition members who had just joined the government ranks. Sofu was succeeded by Ricky Houeniopwela, who like him was formally aligned with the Democratic Party.

When Gordon Darcy Lilo became Prime Minister in November 2011, Sofu sat on the government backbenches. On 22 October 2012, he was promoted to the position of Minister for Public Service, as part of a Cabinet reshuffle.

References

1964 births
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
People from Malaita Province
Government ministers of the Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands Democratic Party politicians


The A8 in Northern Ireland is a 26.1 km (16.2 miles) route connecting the city of Belfast with the harbour town of Larne. One of the busiest routes in the region, the road forms part of the unsigned European routes E01 and E18.

Route

For many years predominantly single carriageway, a major upgrade of the road to dual-carriageway was completed in 2015 which grade separated all major junctions between Coleman's Corner roundabout and Larne.

Beginning at junction 4 of the M2 motorway the road is under motorway restrictions as the A8(M) for around 1.6 km until it meets a roundabout at Corr's Corner. From this point the road is dual carriageway of varying standard for the entirety of its length, meeting roundabouts at Coleman's Corner and just before Larne. The Harbour Highway, bypassing Larne, is dual carriageway, and includes a grade-separated junction with the A2 and provides a direct link to the Port of Larne.

2015 Upgrade

Beginning in 2012, a major upgrade project costing £133m was undertaken to upgrade the remaining single carriageway section between Coleman's Corner and Larne to High-quality dual carriageway and replace all major junctions with grade separated overbridges or LILO junctions to improve safety on a previously very dangerous road.
In addition, the village of Ballynure, for  many years a major bottleneck on the route, was bypassed as part of the part the scheme.

References

8-008
Roads in County Antrim


The Kamburu Hydroelectric Power Station, also Kamburu Dam is a rock-filled embankment dam on the Tana River in Kenya which straddles the border of Embu and Machakos Counties in Eastern Province. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 93 MW power station. Construction on the dam began in 1971 and it was completed in 1975,with the power station getting commissioned the same year. US$23 million of the US$47 million project cost was provided by the World Bank. The power station is operated by Kenya Electricity Generating Company and is part of the Seven Forks Scheme.

The  tall dam creates a reservoir with a storage capacity of . The power station is located underground just below the left toe and contains three 31 MW Francis turbine-generators. The difference in elevation between the reservoir and power station affords a net hydraulic head of . Water discharged from the power station travels down a  long tailrace tunnel before reaching the Tana at Gitaru Reservoir.

See also

 Masinga Dam – upstream
 Gitaru Dam – downstream
 List of power stations in Kenya
 List of hydropower stations in Africa

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 1974
Hydroelectric power stations in Kenya
Dams on the Tana River (Kenya)
Dams in Kenya
Dams completed in 1974
Underground power stations
Machakos County
Embu County
Rock-filled dams


Rahamim Checkol (; born May 8, 1988) is an Ethiopian-born Israeli association footballer. He currently plays for Ironi Modi'in. At international level, Checkol was capped at levels from under-18 to under-21.

Early life
Checkol was born in Ethiopia to an Ethiopian-Jewish family. He immigrated with his family to Israel.

Club career

Maccabi Tel Aviv
On 1 September 2011, Checkol was transferred to Maccabi Tel Aviv for a fee of US$350,000 plus Hatem Abd Elhamed.

References

1988 births
Living people
Ethiopian Jews
Ethiopian emigrants to Israel
Citizens of Israel through Law of Return
Israeli Jews
Israeli men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Ashdod
F.C. Ashdod players
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. players
Maccabi Yavne F.C. players
Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan F.C. players
Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C. players
Hapoel Nof HaGalil F.C. players
Hapoel Ashdod F.C. players
Ironi Modi'in F.C. players
Israeli Premier League players
Liga Leumit players
Israel men's under-21 international footballers

Jewish men's footballers


Oracle Fusion Applications (OFA) are a suite of applications built on Oracle Cloud that include cloud-based applications for enterprise resource planning (ERP), enterprise performance management (EPM), supply chain management and manufacturing (SCM), human capital management (HCM), and customer experience (CX).

Oracle Fusion Applications were launched in September 2010 and released one year later at OpenWorld 2011. The name refers to the fact that each application runs in the cloud and shares one underlying platform, which means that data can be shared between them. This is different from many cloud applications that exist in isolation and are not interoperable. Oracle also developed "coexistence" processes that extend across all Oracle Applications so that users could adopt what they needed from Fusion while still using existing on-premise applications.

Oracle Fusion Applications were originally envisioned and pitched as an enterprise resource planning suite—a combination of features and functionalities taken from the Oracle E-Business Suite, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Siebel product lines. The suite was built on top of the Oracle Fusion Middleware technology stack; both layers implement the Oracle Fusion Architecture, which leverages the capabilities of service-oriented architecture. Companies can deploy Fusion cloud applications in a private cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, or a private cloud built and managed by Oracle Cloud Services.

In September 2021, Oracle launched Fusion Marketing as part of Oracle Advertising and CX. The system uses artificial intelligence to automate digital marketing campaigns and identify qualified leads.

See also
 Oracle Applications
 Oracle Advertising and Customer Experience (CX)
 Oracle Cloud ERP
 Oracle Fusion Architecture
 Oracle Fusion Middleware
 Oracle Cloud HCM
 Oracle SOA Suite

References

External links
https://www.oracle.com/applications/

Fusion
Middleware
Service-oriented architecture-related products
ERP software

ru:Oracle Fusion Applications


The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) is the state department responsible for public health in California. It is a subdivision of the California Health and Human Services Agency. It enforces some of the laws in the California Health and Safety Codes, notably the licensing of some types of healthcare facilities. One of its functions is to oversee vital records operations throughout the state.

On August 9, 2020, Dr. Sonia Y. Angell resigned as the CDPH Director and State Public Health Officer. Governor Gavin Newsom indicated Angell's resignation was related to data issues with the California Reportable Disease Information Exchange (CalREDIE) system that resulted in nearly 300,000 backlogged COVID-19 test results. On August 10, 2020, Sandra Shewry was appointed as acting director and Dr. Erica Pan, California state epidemiologist, was named acting state public health officer. On December 7, 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom announced Tomás Aragón, MD, DrPH as the next Director and State Public Health Officer of the California Department of Public Health.

Medical Marijuana Program

CDPH operates the Medical Marijuana Program, tasked with issuing identification cards under Compassionate Use Act of 1996, and California Senate Bill 420.

Kids' Plates Program
CDPH administers the state's Kids' Plates program, which funds programs to protect children through the sale of customized license plates featuring one of four symbols- Heart, Hand, Star or Plus sign in the plate message. Of the proceeds, 50% supports child care licensing and inspections, 25% supports prevention of child abuse and 25% supports accidental childhood injury prevention programs.

Lead-contaminated lunch bag incident, 2007

In 2007 it was discovered that CDPH had distributed green canvas "EAT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AND BE ACTIVE" lunch bags (soft lunch boxes) whose cover, lining, and logo "tested high for lead levels". Although CDPH eventually asked that people not use 56,000 green or 247,000 blue lunch bags, CDPH was criticized by an advocacy group for not notifying parents quickly enough of the presence of lead in the green ones.

Medical Privacy Fines, 2009
In 2009 CDPH imposed two fines totaling more than $400,000 against Kaiser Permanente hospital in Bellflower, CA, for failing to prevent unauthorized access to confidential patient information.
The first fine was in May, of $250,000. It was the largest under a state law enacted following widely publicized violations of privacy involving celebrities, including
Farrah Fawcett, Britney Spears and California First Lady Maria Shriver.

A second fine, of $187,500, was part of an investigation into employees improperly accessing the medical records of the so-called Octomom Nadya Suleman and her children.

Social Media
CDPH uses Twitter and Facebook to provide public health information.

Office of Health Equity
The Office of Health Equity (OHE) was established, as authorized by Section 131019.5 of the California Health and Safety Code, to provide a key leadership role to reduce health and mental health disparities to vulnerable communities. The Deputy Director of the OHE reports to the Director at CDPH and works closely with the Director of Health Care Services.

A priority of this groundbreaking office is building of cross-sectoral partnerships. The work of OHE is informed in part, by their advisory committee and stakeholder meetings. The office consults with community-based organizations and local governmental agencies to ensure that community perspectives and input are included in policies and any strategic plans, recommendations, and implementation activities.

OHE is divided into the following three units:

Community Development and Engagement Unit's mission is to strengthen the CDPH’s focus and ability to advise and assist other state departments in their mission to increase access to, and the quality of, culturally and linguistically competent mental health care and services.

Policy Unit's mission is to tackle complex projects that require input and collaboration across multiple agencies and departments, most of which are not traditionally thought of as health related.

Health Research and Statistics Unit (HRSU) is a leading state unit in collecting data and disseminating information about health and mental health disparities and inequities in California. HRSU researches and produces data to fulfill statutory mandated reports and provides information and technical assistance to CDPH programs, state agencies, local health departments and stakeholders who are working to collect and report information on health and mental disparities and inequities in California.

Licensing, complaints, and investigations
Division 2, Chapter 2 of the California Health and Safety Codes enumerates 13 types of facilities in Section 1250.1 including hospitals, skilled nursing, and hospice; these are generally regulated by the Licensing and Certification Division of the California Department of Public Health.

It has been criticized for lack of investigations and limited fines. In 2014, lawmakers held a hearing after investigative reporters raised concerns. Cases from 2001 were reportedly still open as of 2014.

In 2015, inconsistent enforcement of privacy laws was highlighted.

Center for Infectious Disease
About

The Center for Infectious Diseases (CID) protects the people in California from the threat of preventable infectious diseases and assists those living with an infectious disease in securing prompt and appropriate access to healthcare, medications and associated support services.

Public Health Efforts
Supports the investigation and diagnosis of infectious diseases of public health significance.
Identifies, prevents, and interrupts the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, emerging infectious diseases, vector-borne diseases, zoonotic diseases, and other contagious infectious diseases.
Leverages human and budgetary resources from government and non-government sources.
Conducts and coordinates public health surveillance and epidemiologic studies to assist in defining, preventing, and controlling infectious diseases.
Helps local health departments and community-based organizations plan, develop, implement, and improve prevention, control, care, treatment, and social support programs for infectious diseases.
Plans for and responds to natural or man-made emergencies due to infectious diseases.
Promotes evidence-based public health practice and program integration at the client level for seamless service delivery.
Provides reference and diagnostic laboratory services essential for the detection, epidemiologic investigation, control, and prevention of diseases caused by microbial and viral agents.
Provides support to local public health laboratory personnel for developing and maintaining high quality local microbial and viral laboratory services, including consultation and training in state-of-the-art standardized laboratory procedures.
Works closely with health officials in Mexico to protect and promote the health of people living in California border communities.
Coordinates education, communication, health improvements along the US-Mexico border.
Monitors diseases in California and Baja California Mexico to ensure that our border residents thrive.
Supports the public health and medical needs of refugees undergoing resettlement in California.
Administers the Refugee Health Assessment Program for the early identification and treatment of both infectious and chronic health conditions.

References

External links

 State Department of Health Services in the California Code of Regulations

Public Health
State departments of health of the United States
Medical and health organizations based in California
Cannabis in California


The Kiambere Hydroelectric Power Station is an earth-filled embankment dam on the Tana River near Kiambere, Kenya. It straddles the border of Embu and Kitui Counties in the former Eastern Province. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and it supports a 165 MW power station. Construction on the dam began in 1983 and it was completed in 1987. The power station was commissioned in 1988. Beginning in 2008 both turbine-generators were upgraded from 72 MW to 82.5 MW. They were commissioned in 2009. US$95 million in funding for the original project was provided by the World Bank. The power station is operated by Kenya Electricity Generating Company and is part of the Seven Forks Scheme.

The  tall dam withholds a  reservoir with the assistance of another earth-fill saddle dam to the northwest. Water from an intake on the saddle dam travels through a  headrace tunnel to the power station which is located underground. It contains two 82.5 MW Francis turbine-generators. Water released from the power station is returned to the Tana via a  long tailrace tunnel. The difference in elevation between the reservoir and power station affords a hydraulic head of .

See also

 Kindaruma Dam – upstream
 List of power stations in Kenya

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 1988
Hydroelectric power stations in Kenya
Dams on the Tana River (Kenya)
Dams in Kenya
Dams completed in 1988
Underground power stations
Kitui County
Embu County


Martin Sopage, whose name is also commonly spelt Martin Sopaghe, (born May 1966 in Komuvaolu Village, Guadalcanal Province) is a Solomon Islands politician.

After a primary school education, he went into private business. His career in national politics began when he was elected to the National Parliament as MP for the North Guadalcanal constituency in the general election on April 5, 2006. He was elected as an Independent. In November 2007, several ministers defected from Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare's government in an attempt to bring down the government, and Sogavare appointed Sopage as Minister for Infrastructure and Development on November 12. Nevertheless, Sogavare was ousted in a motion of no confidence on December 20, ending Sopage's brief participation in Cabinet. Sopage retained his seat in the general election on August 4, 2010, having stood again as an Independent, unaffiliated to any political party. He was appointed Minister for Lands, Housing and Survey in Prime Minister Danny Philip's coalition Cabinet.

On January 20, 2011, he and three other ministers left the government and joined Steve Abana's official Opposition, citing dissatisfaction with the Cabinet being "manipulated by one or two people". On January 31, he returned to the government and resumed his Cabinet post. On February 8, he defected anew to the Opposition, then re-defected to the government with several other defectors on February 17, and resumed his post as Minister for Lands, Housing and Survey.

On April 18, Philip removed him from Cabinet in a reshuffle to make way for five Opposition members who had just joined the government ranks. Sopage was succeeded by Joseph Onika.

In early November, Sopage, along with several other former ministers who had lost their positions in that reshuffle, switched over to the Opposition again, and this time succeeded in bringing down the Philip government.

Summary of membership during the Ninth Parliament (2010- )
As of November 2011, Sopage has crossed the floor between the government and the opposition five times:
 Aug. 2010-Jan. 2011: government (frontbencher)
 Jan. 2011: opposition (for eleven days)
 Jan. 2011-Feb. 2011: government (frontbencher)
 Feb. 2011: opposition (for eleven days)
 Feb. 2011-Nov. 2011: government (frontbencher until April, then backbencher)
 Nov. 2011: opposition (helps bring down the government)

References

1966 births
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
People from Guadalcanal Province


Ideological repression in the Soviet Union targeted various worldviews and the  corresponding categories of people.

Ideological repression in arts
Until the late 1920s, various forms of artistic expression were tolerated. However, an increase in the scope of Soviet political repression, marked by the first show trial, the Shakhty Trial, brought into the focus of Bolsheviks the question whether "bourgeois intelligentsia", including workers of culture and arts, can be loyal and trustworthy. As an early step was an instruction to the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers "to scourge and chastise [literature]" in the name of the Party", i.e., effectively encouraging censorship of literature on ideological grounds. Among the first targets were Yevgeny Zamiatin and Boris Pilnyak.

Soon the concept of socialist realism was established, as the officially approved form of art, an instrument of propaganda, and the main touchstone of ideological censorship.

Repression of religion

Ideological repression in science

Certain scientific fields in the Soviet Union were suppressed after being labeled as ideologically suspect. In some cases the consequences of ideological influences were dramatic. The suppression of research began during the Stalin era and continued, in softened forms, after his regime.

See also
 Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
 Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
 Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union

References

Politics of the Soviet Union


Augustine Taneko (born October 3 1954) was a member of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands, representing the Shortlands constituency. He lives in Shortlands, in the Western Province, and was first elected in 2001. He was replaced by Steve Laore. After Steve Laore's death, Taneko ran for election to his former seat, finishing 2nd to Christopher Laore.

References

External links
Member page at Parliament website (archived)

1954 births
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
People from the Western Province (Solomon Islands)


The Turkwel Hydroelectric Power Station, also Turkwel Dam, is an arch dam on the Turkwel River about  north of Kapenguria in West Pokot County, Kenya. The dam serves several purposes to include hydroelectric power production, irrigation tourism and fisheries. It was constructed between 1986 and 1991. It supports the third largest hydroelectric power plant in the country, having an installed electric capacity of .

The dam, Kenya's tallest, has a height of , crest length of 150 m, dam volume of  and retains a water volume of . The power station is located underground downstream and contains two 56 MW Francis turbine-generators. The difference in elevation between the reservoir and power station afford a net hydraulic head of .

See also

 List of power stations in Kenya
 List of hydropower stations in Africa

References

External links

Energy infrastructure completed in 1991
Hydroelectric power stations in Kenya
West Pokot County
Arch dams
Dams completed in 1991
Underground power stations
1991 establishments in Kenya
Dams in Kenya


Repression in the Soviet Union was an ongoing characteristic of the state throughout the history of the Soviet Union, characterized by restricting the freedoms of the common man for the benefit of the communist state, albeit through a variety of means. Millions of the proletariat class experienced some form of repression from the state, stemming back to the October Revolution and the nature of totalitarianism. Repression culminated during the Stalin era, and marginally receded in the period after amidst De-Stalinization, but continued throughout the Soviet Union's existence up until late in the rule of Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union.

Types
There were many forms of repression in the Soviet Union carried out by the Soviet government and the ruling Communist Party.

Political repression

Political repression was enacted by the Soviet Union, especially during the rule of Stalin, in which he and the state sought to deter any and all political opponents and "undesirables". The latter term was limited not just to undesirable thought, but undesirable ethnic groups and minorities residing, often unwillingly, in the Soviet Union, who were commonly referred to as "enemies of the state". The state engaged in numerous deportations and transfers of these groups, often on the scale of entire nationalities. Other groups were forcefully migrated in the opposite direction in an effort to replaced those affected by mass ethnic cleansing.

Political repression by the state saw the uprising of multiple rebellions, often crushed with overwhelming force and repression, though these rebellions and revolutions are what ultimately led to the Union's collapse.

Economic repression

Economic repression and their causal policies was the root cause of millions of deaths, often through delegating all power and thought to the state, who engaged in mass collectivization of all property and resources, and, in futile attempts to stimulate production, caused multiple man-made mass famines, under which millions suffered. This is often synonymous with the Holodomor, a Soviet famine that killed millions of Ukrainians.

Ideological repression

Ideological repression by the state and their correlating policies engaged in efforts to shape the worldview of the people, while simultaneously deterring any unconforming ideologies. This was enacted through a variety of means, including censorship of literature, film, images, and general control over information.

Scientific repression

Religious repression

References

See also

 Outline of the Soviet Union

Politics of the Soviet Union


The 2009 Polish Speedway season was the 2009 season of motorcycle speedway in Poland.

Individual

Polish Individual Speedway Championship

Golden Helmet

Junior Championship

Silver Helmet
 winner - Grzegorz Zengota

Bronze Helmet
 winner - Maciej Janowski

Pairs

Polish Pairs Speedway Championship

Team

Team Speedway Polish Championship
The 2009 Team Speedway Polish Championship was the 2009 edition of the Team Polish Championship. ZKŻ Zielona Góra won the gold medal.

Ekstraliga
The 2009 Ekstraliga (known as the CenterNet Mobile Speedway Ekstraliga for sponsorship reasons) was the 10th Ekstraliga season.

Playoffs

1.Liga
The 2009 First League was the second division of the Team Speedway Polish Championship.

Playoffs

2.Liga
The 2009 Second League was the third division of the Team Speedway Polish Championship.

Playoffs

References

2009 in speedway
2009 in Polish sport


Job Dudley Tasinga, CSI (born July 18, 1951) is a member of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands.  He lives on New Georgia Island, in the Western Province, and was first elected in 1984.

He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1992 to 1993.

On 6 December 2011, he was elected unopposed to the position of deputy Speaker of Parliament, following Namson Tran's resignation from that position. (The Speaker was Allan Kemakeza.)

He is the father of MP Silas Tausinga.

References

Member page at Parliament website

1951 births
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
People from the Western Province (Solomon Islands)
Environment ministers of the Solomon Islands
Education ministers of the Solomon Islands
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Solomon Islands


Charlison Girigorio Benschop (born 21 August 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for German club Wuppertaler SV. Born in the Netherlands Antilles, he has represented the Netherlands U21 national team and the Curaçao senior national team.

Club career
Benschop played youth football with SCO '63 and VV Spijkenisse, and began his senior professional career with RKC Waalwijk during the 2007–08 season. He signed a five-year contract with AZ in March 2010.

In summer 2012, Benschop moved abroad to play in France for Brest, only to move on to German side Fortuna Düsseldorf a year later.

On 4 June 2015, Benschop joined Hannover 96 from Fortuna Düsseldorf on a three-year contract.

On 11 May 2018, Benschop joined FC Ingolstadt 04 on a two-year deal.

He joined FC Groningen in July 2019.

In January 2020, Benschop signed with Apollon Limassol until 2021.

On 31 January 2022, he signed for Eredivisie club Fortuna Sittard on a contract until mid-2023.

On 1 August 2022, Benschop returned to De Graafschap on a one-year contract with an option to extend.

On 8 July 2023, Benschop signed with Wuppertaler SV in the German fourth-tier Regionalliga West.

International career
Benschop played international football at youth level for the Netherlands. Benschop was called up to the preliminary Curaçao national team for the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Benschop made his debut for Curaçao in a 2–1 friendly win over Qatar on 10 October 2017.

Personal life
He is the uncle of Kevin Felida.

References

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Willemstad
Curaçao men's footballers
Curaçao men's international footballers
Dutch men's footballers
Netherlands men's youth international footballers
Dutch Antillean men's footballers
Dutch people of Curaçao descent
Men's association football forwards
Dutch expatriate men's footballers
VV Spijkenisse players
RKC Waalwijk players
AZ Alkmaar players
Stade Brestois 29 players
Fortuna Düsseldorf players
Hannover 96 players
Hannover 96 II players
FC Ingolstadt 04 players
De Graafschap players
FC Groningen players
Apollon Limassol FC players
SV Sandhausen players
Fortuna Sittard players
Wuppertaler SV players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Ligue 1 players
Cypriot First Division players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Regionalliga players
2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Dutch expatriates in Cyprus
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in France
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus


The Olkaria I Geothermal Power Station, also known as Olkaria I Geothermal Power Plant is a geothermal power station in Kenya, with an installed capacity of .

Location
The facility is located in the Hell's Gate National Park along with its sister stations, Olkaria II and Olkaria III. This location lies in Olkaria, in Nakuru County, on the eastern edge of the Eastern Rift Valley, approximately , by road, southwest of Naivasha, the nearest large town. Olkaria is approximately , by road, northwest of Nairobi.

Overview
Olkaria I Geothermal Power Station is one in a series of six geothermal power stations, clustered in the Olkaria area in Nakuru County. Four of the stations Olkaria I, Olkaria II, Olkaria III and Olkaria IV were operational, as of September 2017. As of 2020, the entire Olkaria complex had an installed capacity of 810.3 MW Olkaria V is under construction and Olkaria VI is planned for 2021.

History
The Olkaria I Power Station first started operation in 1981 running one Mitsubishi turbine with a generation capacity of 15MW. In 1982 and 1985, two more turbines identical to the first were commissioned at the facility, bringing the total generation capacity to 45MW. As of January 2015 unit 4 and 5 with a combined installed capacity of 140 Megawatts were inaugurated. This brings the total installed capacity of Olkaria I to 185 Megawatts.

In March 2016, the government of Kenya borrowed KSh9.53 billion (US$95 million), from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to refurbish turbines 1, 2 and 3 at Olkaria I. The works includes increasing the combined capacity of the three turbines from 45MW to 50.7MW. The rehabilitation and upgrade works are expected to last until 2021. This will increase capacity at this power station from  to .

In December 2018, Kenya Electricity Generating Company broke ground for the construction of Unit 6 of Olkaria I Geothermal Power Station, with capacity of 83 megawatts. Completion of this unit was expected in 2021, bringing total capacity at this geothermal station to . Unit 6 of Olkaria I, was commercially commissioned in July 2022.

Ownership
Olkaria I Power Station is owned by KenGen, a Nairobi Stock Exchange - listed company, in which the government of Kenya maintains 70 percent shareholding, the remaining 30 percent being held by institutional and private investors.

See also
List of power stations in Kenya
Geothermal power in Kenya
Olkaria II Geothermal Power Station
Olkaria III Geothermal Power Station
Olkaria IV Geothermal Power Station
Olkaria V Geothermal Power Station

References

External links
 Website of Kenya Electricity Generating Company
 Kenyatta Breaks Ground Construction of Olkaria 1 Unit 6 As of 4 December 2018.

1981 establishments in Kenya
Nakuru County
Geothermal power stations in Kenya
Energy infrastructure completed in 1981