Columbia Park (formally Columbia Regional Park) is a  recreational urban regional park in the City of Torrance, located in southern Los Angeles County, California. Columbia Park provides the community with soccer fields, baseball diamonds, bocce ball courts, community gardening beds, walking paths, and a jogging—competitive cross country running trail. It is one of thirty parks in the Torrance Parks system.

Park features

Recreation and sports
Columbia Park includes six soccer fields, two baseball diamonds, and a roller hockey rink.

The park also includes a  walking path which is divided by a fence line to the east of the main soccer field into a  west section and a 0.57-mile (0.92 km) east section. In addition, the park has a jog path that serves as a flat,  exercise trail and competitive cross country running racecourse. The heavily used soccer fields include lights for night play.

Community gardening
Columbia Park features a Community Garden providing planting beds and 'community' for residents. It is one of twelve county-operated Smart Gardening Centers around the region. Columbia Park additionally serves as home to the Home Garden Learning Center, and is a backyard composting demonstration center provided by Los Angeles County.

History
Columbia Park was conceived in 1970 and built in 1983. In 1985, the park's designer, Paul Saito, received an achievement award for the design and installation of Columbia Park.

Phase one
Columbia Park first was conceived by former Torrance City manager Edward J. Ferraro. In 1970, Ferraro acquired  of U.S. Navy surplus property for $250,000 to build Torrance's Wilson Park. At about the same time, Ferraro put a plan together to acquire approximately  of land in North Torrance to build 'Columbia Regional Park'. By December 1973, the Torrance City Council took a step closer to acquiring land for both Columbia Park and also for Madrona Marsh Preserve, protecting the last vernal marsh and wetlands remaining in the South Bay area of Los Angeles. In 1975 the state of California agreed to provide funds for the development of Columbia Park.

The park, located adjacent to an ExxonMobil oil refinery, includes a  radio antenna that services the Los Angeles all-news radio station KNX (AM). There are also -high electrical line towers, each of which supports 220,000-volt electrical lines maintained by electricity supply company Southern California Edison.

Columbia Park was opened in 1983 as a  Torrance recreational regional park with large grassy expanses.

Sculptures
In 1983 Standard Brands Paint Company in Torrance donated a sculpture by public works artist Roger Berry to the park. The sculpture, entitled "Fujimihara", presently resides in the southwest corner of Columbia Park.

Women's soccer
In the late 1980s, Columbia Park became the home field to the Manhattan Beach club women's soccer team 'Ajax America Women.' On Sundays at Columbia Park, Ajax and the other women's teams played as many as 16 games on four fields from September to April. U.S. woman's soccer standouts, defender Joy Biefeld-Fawcett and forward Carin Jennings, were members of 'Ajax America Women' and regularly practiced and played at the Columbia Park's soccer fields. These two Columbia park players would go on in 1991 to help 'Ajax' win the U.S. women's amateur championship, and then help the U.S. national team win the first FIFA Women's World Cup in China that same year.

Redesign - walks and trails
When Columbia Park first was designed and planned, the design supported soccer and other field sports, but didn't serve the needs of walkers and joggers, the present day walkways and trails were not part of the original park. In 1984 Landscape designer Paul Saito returned, to redesign Columbia Park to include walking paths and running trails, adding exercise challenges and aesthetic enjoyment. After receiving  of San Diego, California, Saito had the park laid out according to his plan, with enjoyable concrete pathways winding around the hilly landscape. The park has, with sponsorship by Hydro-Scape Products Inc., around 100 distinct automated and water conserving sprinkler stations-zones to irrigate the . The California Landscape Contractors Association awarded Paul Saito the 1985 Achievement Award, for his creativity in the completed project.

Phase two - southwest
To enlarge Columbia Park, in 1985 the city council awarded Terra-Cal Construction a $173,655 contract for construction of the southwest portion of the park, expanding public access and amenities, and community green-space.

Phase three
In 2000, plans were made to increase the number of parking spaces serving the park users. In addition, the plans included attractive gazebos, which are located near 190th Street park area.

In 2004, the Columbia Park parking lot at the southwest corner of 190th Street and Prairie Avenue was used by Chevrolet as a filming location for their television commercial.

Tree dedications - urban forest
On April 22, 1995, a tree was planted in Columbia Park by The Friends of Madrona Marsh to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Earth Day.

Cherry blossom trees
During the summer of 2001, the Buddhist association Soka Gakkai International USA donated the cost of 100 Cherry blossom trees to the city of Torrance as part of Torrance's Living Tree Dedication program that began in 1993. The plan for the program was to plant 10 cherry trees at Columbia Park as part of a ceremony each year for ten years beginning in 2001. This donation in particular was part of Sōka Gakkai's campaign to plant trees in cities across the nation as a way to "create a peaceful environment" in society and better the communities they live in. In August 2001, ten of those cherry trees were planted at Columbia Park. By April 2007, seventy cherry trees had been planted in Columbia Park. In November of that year, Soka Gakkai International USA increased its donation from ten to thirty cherry trees per year.

Living Tribute Trees program
The Torrance Living Dedication Tree Program is coordinated and by the City, so that families, individuals, and groups can sponsor the planting of a new tree in the park to honor a person or commemorate an event with a living tribute Tree Dedication.

Park challenges

Sail-Skating
The long, winding cement walk pathways and usually vacant parking lots of Columbia Park quickly became a popular place for skate sailing in the mid-1980s. In the summer of 1985, a sail skater was clocked by a police radar gun doing 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) inside the park. Near the end of 1985, the Torrance City Council had enough and unanimously approved an ordinance that made it illegal to ride a "wheeled conveyance" equipped with sails on city streets, in parks or on other public property.

Gophers
The grassy expanse of the newly developed Columbia Park turned out to be an ideal habitat for gophers and quickly attracted and maintained a gopher population of more than 600 animals. The gopher holes made it impossible to use the fields to play sports. The gopher population was so large that an "exceptionally sized" hawk could perch on the top of the KNX antenna and repeatedly swoop down, snatch a gopher, and fly back to the top of the antenna to consume. Other animals also survived on the gophers.

In 1987, the city assigned Hank "G-Man" Baranowski to the park to address the gopher problem. At that time, Baranowski was known as 'G-Man' due to his ability to "wipe out gopher populations" and his reputation as the city's "premier gopher grabber." Within a few months, Baranowski had eliminated the gopher population in Columbia Park.

Safety concerns

People
In May 1993, a fight broke out among members of two gangs in Columbia Park. One of the gang members fired a gun that hit a bystander. However, a necklace worn by the woman stopped the bullet from completely penetrating her chest. As a result of the shooting, a neighborhood association's lobbying the city for park improvements, and homeowner complaints about "non-residents" using the basketball court and causing trouble. Torrance officials sought to improve security and took the unusual step of closing the park's basketball court by removing the basketball rims and padlocking the entry to the court.

Floods
Plans were created in 2001 to realign portions of the Columbia Park jogging path that were in lower areas or overlapped by sprinklers, to prevent flooded and slippery paths. The city added decomposed granite as part of fixing the problem, by draining water off the new raised sections.

Play equipment
In 2003, the Firetruck used as play equipment at Columbia Park was determined to not meet the Federal Safety Guidelines for preventing head and hand entrapment, and protecting children from falling off the vehicle. In response to concerns about children playing on the firetruck it was fenced off. Three years later in January 2006 both the firetruck and fencing were removed, with plans to replacement with "neat, fun, and attractive play equipment with rubberized matting."

Dogs
In 2006 Torrance considered possible sites, at both the city's Columbia Park and Wilson Park, for fenced-in dog parks, with two leash-free roaming sections separating large dogs from small dogs. In 2007, the city's Open Space Committee met to discuss the feasibility of adding city dog parks. Later in 2007 the Committee had determined the only area large enough to accommodate a divided area for both large and small dogs was the Southern California Edison easement at Columbia Park. The plan required Southern California Edison needed to approve the proposal, and start-up costs of at least $50,000.
In presenting the proposal to the Torrance City Council one month later, the Open Space Committee stated: "a dog park in Torrance is not an essential element of our park system due to a lack of unused open space and the absence of a grassroots community group supporting this type of park." At that same meeting, the Dog Obedience Club of Torrance asserted that a Torrance Dog Park could bring potential liability to the city through dog fights, dog caused injuries, and spread of diseases and that the money would be better spent on the city's animal shelters. By a voice vote, the city council agreed that a dog park was not an essential element of Torrance's city park system.

See also
 City of Torrance Parks
 Madrona Marsh Wildlife Preserve & Nature Center

References - Notes

External links
 Official Columbia Park website
 City of Torrance - Columbia Park: photos
 City of Torrance: Quick Reference Guide to all Torrance City Parks
 City of Torrance:  Map to the 30 Torrance City Parks
Torrance City Parks: - Central area Parks
Torrance City Parks: - North area Parks
Torrance City Parks: - South area Parks
Torrance City Parks: - West area Parks

Geography of Torrance, California
Parks in Los Angeles County, California


Jean-Paul Emorine (born 20 March 1944) is a former member of the Senate of France, representing the Saône-et-Loire department. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.

References
Page on the Senate website

1944 births
Living people
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Saône-et-Loire


Northeast Middle School can refer to one of the following schools:

 Northeast Middle School (Jackson, TN), a public school in Jackson, Tennessee
 Northeast Middle School (Midland, MI), a public school in Midland, Michigan
 Northeast Middle School (Reading, Pennsylvania), a public school in Reading, Pennsylvania
 Northeast Middle School (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania), a public school in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
 Northeast Middle School (Bristol, Connecticut)
 Northeast Middle School (Clarksville, TN), a public school in Clarksville, Tennessee
"Northeast" is also found in the name of other schools:

 Northeast College, a community college based in Houston, Texas
 Northeast Elementary School, public school in Kansas City, Missouri
 Northeast High School (disambiguation), a list of multiple high schools with the same name


Halden Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the town of Halden in Norway. It is mainly used by the local football team Kvik Halden FK who play in the Norwegian Third Division. It is an exceptionally good quality stadium for this level of football and is also used occasionally by the Norway U21 and U19 sides.

Facilities
The stadium's capacity is 5000 and comprises two stands running along the sides of the pitch. The larger stand is a new construction with 2500 seats. The smaller stand is older and has 1500 uncovered seats. There is also standing room at either end of the pitch for around 1000 people.

Events
The record attendance for the stadium is 6,717 spectators for a game between Ørn Horten and Lyn Oslo for the 1928 Norwegian Cup Final. The venue has hosted Norway national under-21 football team matches twice, playing 1–2 against Sweden on 12 August 1981 and 1–1 against Romania on 23 May 1991.

References

External links
 Halden Stadion - Nordic Stadiums

Football venues in Norway
Norwegian Cup Final venues
Sports venues in Halden
Multi-purpose stadiums in Norway
1927 establishments in Norway
Event venues established in 1927


The Austrian Air Force (Österreichische Luftstreitkräfte) of the interwar period began as a paramilitary organisation (1927) and was secretly built up by the government before union with Germany (1938).

History
In 1919 the peace treaty meant the Republic of Austria was forbidden to operate military aircraft.
In 1927 the paramilitary Heimwehr organisation set up an air corps using Austrian, British and Italian aircraft (dissolved after the Anschluss in 1938). Its emblem was a red-white-red flag, with a white eagle on a green circle at its centre.

In 1928 the Bundesheer (federal army) began secretly training pilots. In further consequence a technical infrastructure was created and aircraft ordered from Italy. In August 1933 the first military aeroplanes ordered by the republic (five Fiat CR.20 biplanes) were supplied. The Bundesheer began secretly equipping flying clubs in Vienna-Aspern and Graz-Thalerhof with Italian-built aircraft (Fiat Ansaldo and Caproni).

In 1936, flight engineer Rosner from the Graz-Thalerhof base won the competition for designing a new national emblem, which was introduced in the same year. The white, equilateral triangle with the point facing downwards in a red disc was a completely new design and had (other than the flag or coats of arms) no prior basis.

The airmens' barracks at Aspern were the only new barracks built in Vienna between the wars. The Austrian government planned the establishment of an air base in the Tulln Basin, however this plan was realised only by the German armed forces (nowadays: Brumowski Air base, near Langenlebarn). The uniform departed from all traditions and followed the international model: Grey jacket with four buttons as well as rocker emblem on the chest, and soft garrison caps more reminiscent of British models.

Order of battle

Fliegerregiment Nr. 1
The regiment was set up 1934 and had its location in Vienna.

Commander
 Oberstleutnant Josef Brunner (2 May 1934 - March 1938)

Units
(as of 1934)
 Jagdgeschwader -3 Staffeln (Fighter wing - three squadrons)
 Bombengeschwader - 3 Staffeln (Bomber wing - three squadrons)
 Schulgeschwader - 3 Staffeln (Training wing - three squadrons)
 Flughafenkompanie Nr. 2, 4, 6 & 8 (Aerodrome companies)
 Flieger-Parkkompanie Nr. 2 & 3 (Aircraft park companies)
 Fliegerwaffenkompanie (Air armament company)

Fliegerregiment Nr. 2
The regiment was set up 1934 and had its location in Graz.

Commanders
 Oberst Julius Yllam (1 April 1934 - 28 February 1937)
 Oberstleutnant Viktor Seebauer (1 March 1937 - March 1938)

Units
(as of 1934)
 Jagdgeschwader - 3 Staffeln (Fighter wing - three squadrons)
 Aufklärungsgeschwader - 3 Nahaufklärungsstaffeln (Reconnaissance wing - three squadrons)
 Flughafenkompanie Nr. 1, 3, 5, & 7 (Aerodrome companies)
 Flieger-Parkkompanie Nr. 1 (Aircraft park companies)
 Beobachterkompanie (Observer company)
 Flugfunkkompanie (Air radio company)
 Luftbildkompanie (Aerial photography company)

Air defence units
(as of 1938)
 Kommando der Luftschutztruppen (Air Defence Command), Vienna
 Schwere Flugabwehr-Batterie (Heavy air defence battery) with five 8-cm-Flak M14
 Two Flugabwehr-Maschinenkanonen-Abteilungen (anti-aircraft units) each with 3 batteries of 4-cm-Flak
 Leichte Flugabwehr-Kompanie (Light anti-aircraft company) with 2-cm-Flak
 Leichte Flugabwehr-Kompanie with anti-aircraft machine-guns
 Flug-Nachrichten-Kompanie (Air message company)
 Luftschutzschule (Air defence school)

Ground units
(as of 1938)
 Flugzeugwerft in Graz (Aircraft works)
 Fliegertelegraphen-Kompanie (Air telegraph company)
 Aerodromes at:
 Aigen im Ennstal
 Graz-Thalerhof
 Klagenfurt
 Wels
 Wien (Vienna-Aspern)
 Wiener Neustadt
 Zeltweg

Aircraft
(as of March 1938)

Fliegerregiment Nr. 1
 Jagdstaffel 1: 12 Fiat CR.20bis/bip as well as trainer aircraft  Falke RVa, Focke-Wulf Fw 44, Focke-Wulf Fw 56, Gotha Go 145, Phoenix L2c
 Jagdstaffel 2: 12 Fiat CR.20bis/bip as well as trainer aircraft  Falke RVa, Focke-Wulf Fw 44, Breda Ba 28 and Gotha Go 145
 Jagdstaffel 3: 12 Fiat CR.20bis/bip as well as trainer aircraft  Focke-Wulf Fw 56 and Breda Ba 28
 Bomberstaffel 1: Focke-Wulf Fw 58, Caproni Ca 133 as well as trainer aircraft Breda Ba 28 and Focke-Wulf Fw 44
 Bomberstaffel 2: Caproni Ca 133, Focke-Wulf Fw 58 and trainer aircraft  Junkers F 13
 Schulstaffel A: Caproni Ca 100, De Havilland DH.60GIII, Hopfner HS 9/35 and Udet U 12
 Schulstaffel B: De Havilland DH.60GIII, Focke-Wulf Fw 44, Gotha Go 145 and Hopfner HM 13/34

Fliegerregiment Nr. 2
 Jagdstaffel 4: 12 Fiat CR.32bis as well as trainer aircraft Fiat CR.30 and de Havilland DH.60GIII
 Jagdstaffel 5: 12 Fiat CR.32 as well as trainer aircraft Fiat CR.30 and  Udet U 12a
 Jagdstaffel 6: 12 Fiat CR.32 as well as trainer aircraft Fiat CR.30 and  De Havilland DH.60GIII
 Aufklärungsstaffel 1: 8 Fiat A 120/A and trainer aircraft Udet 12a
 Aufklärungsstaffel 2: 8 IMAM Ro.37 and trainer aircraft Hopfner 8/29
 Schulstaffel Thalerhof: DFS Habicht, Falke RVa, Focke Wulf Fw 44 and Gotha Go 145

Of the 45 Fiat CR.32 originally procured, 36 were still in service in 1938 and after the Anschluss were handed over by Germany to their Hungarian allies.

The CR20 and CR32 were in their time very modern combat aircraft, however were obsolete by 1938. Their type designation "CR" stood for Caccia (Italian: "Hunt") and the name of the technical designer Rosatelli. "A" in the type designation Fiat A120 stands for the aircraft section of the Ansaldo company, taken over by Fiat in 1926.

Military history of Austria
Irregular military air services


Frank Paulin (August 3, 1926 – June 11, 2016)  was born in Pittsburgh was an American artist and photographer.  Paulin grew up in New York City and Chicago.  At the age of 16 in 1942, his photographic education began as an art apprentice at Whittaker-Christiansen Studio, Chicago. In 1944, Paulin joined the Army, spending two years in the Signal Corps in Europe. During this time, Paulin developed his documentary artistic style by photographing wartime devastation of German cities. In 1946, Paulin returned to Chicago and enrolled at the Institute of Design, By the end of the 1950s, Frank Paulin's educational resume included studies at the New School under the renowned art director Alexey Brodovitch. In 1957, Paulin celebrated his first solo artist exhibition at the Limelight Gallery.  Frank Paulin died in 2016.

Exhibitions
2010 'Discoveries.' Bruce Silverstein Gallery, New York, NY.
2010 'Frank Paulin: An American Documentarian.' Lowe Art Museum, Miami, FL.
2008 'Frank Paulin: Out of the Limelight.' Bruce Silverstein Gallery, New York, NY.
2006- 2007 ‘New York at Night: Photographs from the collection.’ The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY
2006 ‘Thirty Days of Fashion.’ Hearst Building Atrium, New York, NY
2005-2006 ‘Frank Paulin: Moments.’ Duncan Miller Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
2005 ‘Paris in Black and White.’ Duncan Miller Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
2005 ‘By the Sea.’ Yossi Milo Gallery, New York, NY
2003 ‘Frank Paulin: Limelight.’ Bruce Silverstein Gallery, New York, NY
2002 ‘The New Bauhaus: 1930-1971.’ Bruce Silverstein Gallery, New York, NY
2002 ‘Where is Elvis?’ Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York, NY
2002 ‘Helen Gee: The Limelight Years 1954-1961.’ Sarah Morthland Gallery, New York, NY
1998 ‘Take the A train.’ Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York, NY
1997 ‘The Streets and Beyond: New York Photography, 1900-1960.’ The museum of the City of New York, New York, NY
1997 ‘Car Culture: The Automobile in the 20th Century Photography (a.k.a. Photography and the Automobile: Before and After the War).’ Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York, NY
1997 ‘Kissing.’ Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York, NY
1994 ‘ The Street Walkers: Leo Levinstein and Frank Paulin.’ Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York, NY
1960 ‘New York VU Par.’ Centre Culturel Americain, Paris, France
1957 ‘Photographs by Franks Paulin.’ Limelight Gallery, New York, NY

Collections

Center for Creative Photography. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
City of New York. Facades of the Court Houses (25) of all Five Boroughs
City of New York. Official Portraits (150) of the Sitting Judges of the Court System (Supreme, Surrogate and Appellate) Patricia and Philip Frost Art Museum. Florida International University, Miami, FL
Hungarian Museum of Photography. Kecskemet, Hungary
Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
Marlboro College. Marlboro, VT
Milwaukee Art Museum. Milwaukee, WI
Museum of Fine Arts. Houston, TX
Museum of Modern Art. New York City
Museum of the City of New York. New York City
Picker Art Gallery. Colgate University, Hamilton, NY
Yale University Art Gallery. New Haven, CT
Whitney Museum of American Art. New York, NY
Hunter Museum of American Art, Chattanooga, TN

External links
Art in Review, The New York Times. By Charles Hagen. Published May 20, 1994
Frank Paulin Official Website
Bruce Silverstein Gallery

References

American photographers
1926 births
2016 deaths


"The Seed (2.0)" is the second single by The Roots from their fifth album Phrenology (2002). The track, which features Cody Chesnutt on the guitar and vocals, is an "uptempo retooling" of his song "The Seed" from the album The Headphone Masterpiece. The song's music video was nominated for the MTV2 Award at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. Jeff Vrabel of Billboard described the track as "a genre-bending mix of rock guitars and Prince-styled keyboards and drums".

Music and reception
"The Seed (2.0)" is a hybrid mix of "distorted rock, hip-hop and psychedelic soul". Brett Berliner of Stylus Magazine called the track "a rock song, featuring a little bit of funk and just a very little bit of hip-hop." The song was favorably received by music critics. Robert Christgau called it the album's "centerpiece", "2002's freshest roots rock track and jammingest avant rap track". Pitchforks Sam Chennault described the song as an "orgiastic garage funk number" and called it the album's "most immediately satisfying track". In 2009, Pitchfork listed it at number 330 in "The Top 500 Tracks of the 2000s". Stylus Magazines Brett Berliner declared it the album's "best track" with its "catchy hook that stays with listeners for days". In The A.V. Clubs 2002 top fifteen "Songs of the Year", Stephen Thompson listed the single at number nine. Jake Coyle of the Associated Press called it "one of the best rock songs of the decade".
It was ranked as the 43rd best song of the decade by Rolling Stone.

Charts

Cover versions
 American rock band Person L covered the song for the Fearless Records compilation Punk Goes Crunk in 2008.
 Italian soul singer-songwriter Zucchero Fornaciari imitated the style and arrangement of the song, without directly covering it, on "Un kilo", a song from his 2006 album Fly. As "Un kilo" is not a full cover, it was credited only to Fornaciari.
 American jazz singer Kurt Elling covered it on his 2021 album Superblue, featuring guitarist Charlie Hunter.

References

External links
"The Seed (2.0)" music video at YouTube

2003 singles
The Roots songs
2001 songs
MCA Records singles


Rick Horrow, as CEO of Horrow Sports Ventures (HSV), pioneered the business of sports.  He is the Sports Business Analyst for SportsGrid, CNN/CNN International, and Fox Sports, and his signature radio program, FOX MoneyBall: The Cost of Winning, can be heard Sunday mornings at 9:00 a.m. Eastern time on over 150 North American Fox Sports Radio affiliates, including XM channel 142.  He currently appears on Yahoo Sports Radio's Beyond The Scoreboard Wednesdays at 8ET. A popular commentator on the business, law and politics of sports, Horrow is a regular guest on Fox Sports' Best Damn Sports Show Period, and PBS's Nightly Business Report. He is the author of When The Game Is On The Line, and 2011's Behind the Scoreboard: An Insider's Guide to Business of Sport.

Horrow also appeared every Tuesday night on Scott Ferrall's Sirius Satellite Radio show on Howard 101.

Horrow graduated from Harvard Law School and earned his moniker, "The Sports Professor" as a Visiting Expert for the school's "Sports and the Law" course.  In addition to his media endeavors, he serves as counsel to the law firm Squire Sanders and Dempsey in matters dealing with sports law and facility finance and development.  He is an expert in sports violence, private-public partnerships, and the bundling of multiple urban initiatives.

Before selling a majority of HSV to Omnicom in 2000, Horrow served as a consultant to the NFL, NASCAR, PGA Tour, and Major League Soccer, among countless other professional sports franchises.

References
http://www.horrowsports.com/about/rhorrow.shtml
Reuters

External links
Horrow Sports Ventures
Sports Business on Fox Sports
Rick Horrow's MySpace
Rick Horrow's Twitter
Rick Horrow's Yahoo Finance Contributor Tumblr
Rick Horrow's Bloomberg Sports Archive
Horrow's Corner on Human Kinetics' Inside Sports Business Archives

Living people
American radio personalities
Harvard Law School alumni
Northwestern University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


The M360 105mm Cartridge was a chemical artillery shell designed for use by the U.S. Army. It carried approximately  of GB.

History
The U.S. Army standardized the M121 shell in 1954.

See also
M60 105mm Projectile

References

Chemical weapon delivery systems
Artillery shells
Chemical weapons of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s


Henri de Raincourt (; born 17 November 1948) is a French politician who was Minister for Relations with Parliament (2009-2010) and Minister in charge of Co-operation (2010-2012) during Nicolas Sarkozy’s presidency. Previously a Senator representing the Yonne department, he is set to re-join the Senate in June 2012, a month after leaving the Government.

He was elected Senator for Yonne in 1986, and re-elected in 1995 and 2004; he was Chairman of the Union for a Popular Movement Senate caucus between 2008 and 2009. He has also served as President of the Yonne General Council between 1992 and 2008.

A farmer by profession, Henri de Raincourt is the son of Philippe de Raincourt (1909–1959), Senator for Yonne from 1948 to 1959. He is also a fourth-generation grandson of the Marquis de Sade.

He has been deputy chairman of the UMP since 2013.

Political career

Governmental functions
Minister in charge of Relationships with Parliament: 2009–2010.
Minister in charge of Co-operation under the Minister of Foreign and European Affairs: 2010–2012.

Electoral mandates

Senate of France
Chairman of the Union for a Popular Movement Group in the Senate: 2008–2009.
Chairman of the Republicans and Independents Group in the Senate: 1995–2002. Re-elected in 1998, 2001.
Senator for Yonne : 1986-2009 (Became minister in 2009). Elected in 1986, re-elected in 1995, 2004, 2008.

Regional Council
Regional Councillor of Bourgogne: Since 2010.

General Council
President of the Yonne General Council: 1992–2008. Re-elected in 1994, 1994, 2001, 2004.
Vice President of the Yonne General Council: 1982–1992. Re-elected in 1985, 1988.
General Councillor of Yonne: 1980–2008. Re-elected in 1982, 1988, 1994, 2001.

Municipal Council
Mayor of Saint-Valérien, Yonne: 1977–2001. Reelected in 1983, 1989, 1995.
Municipal Councillor of Saint-Valérien, Yonne: Since 1977. Reelected in 1983, 1989, 1995, 2001, 2008.

Community of Communes Council
President of the Gâtinais-en-Bourgogne Community of Communes Council: Since 2008.
Member of the Gâtinais-en-Bourgogne Community of Communes Council: Since 2008.

References

Page on the Senate website

1948 births
Living people
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Vice-presidents of the Senate (France)
Recipients of St. George's Order of Victory
Senators of Yonne
People from Yonne
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Government ministers of France


The MLS Newcomer of the Year Award is awarded by Major League Soccer to a player who has professional experience in another league and has an outstanding season in his first season of play in MLS. The award was introduced in 2007; its votes are collected from team staff, players, and members of the media.

Winners

References

Newcomer of the Year


Claylick may refer to:

 Claylick, Pennsylvania, unincorporated community in Pennsylvania, United States
 Claylick, Ohio, former town in Ohio, United States

See also
 Macaw#Diet and clay licks
 Clay lick


Bernard Frimat (born 12 October 1940 in Paimbœuf) is a former member of the Senate of France, who represented the Nord department.  He is a member of the Socialist Party.

References

Page on the Senate website

1940 births
Living people
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Senators of Nord (French department)
People from Loire-Atlantique


Spin Star is a British television game show that was broadcast on ITV, and was hosted by Bradley Walsh. On each episode, five contestants answer questions to build up cash prizes that can be won by a sixth. Question categories, difficulty levels, values, and respondents are determined by a five-reel slot machine known as the Moneyspinner.

On each episode, the contestant who has been on the show the longest is designated the "Spin Star" for that day and is the only one eligible to win any money. Each contestant fills this role for one day, then leaves the show immediately afterward with whatever they have won. The other five contestants are "Daily Players," whose answers increase the money that can be won by the Spin Star. Every contestant appears on the show for six episodes - five as a Daily Player, one as the Spin Star - and a new Daily Player is introduced on each episode to fill the seat vacated by the departing Spin Star.

Gameplay
From left to right, the reels on the Moneyspinner initially contain the following.

 One reel of categories, each assigned a difficulty rating of one (easy), two (medium), or three stars (hard). Categories are replaced as they are used.
 Three reels of Daily Player names; each name appears on every reel.
 One reel of cash values, which increase throughout the game.

All five Daily Players are spotted £500 each to begin the game. The Spin Star is the only contestant who operates the Moneyspinner.

Round 1: Speed Spins
On each spin, three questions in the spun category are asked to the Daily Players whose names come up. A correct answer adds the value to that individual's bank; wrong answers carry no penalty. If the same Daily Player's name appears twice on one spin, they receive two questions; if three times, they receive three questions at double value.

This round ends after three spins. The maximum value on the money reel is £2,000 on the first spin, £3,000 on the second, and £4,000 on the third.

Round 2
The Spin Star is again given three spins, with money reel maximums of £5,000, £7,500, and £10,000 on each. Play proceeds as in Round 1, with the following changes.

 If the Spin Star is dissatisfied with the result of a spin, they may re-spin two or more of the reels, but not a single reel by itself.
 Two "Brain Buster" spaces are added to the category reel, indicating questions at a difficulty level beyond three stars. These spaces stay on the reel even after coming up in a spin.
 Two "Bank Buster" spaces are added to the money reel. If one of these comes up and a Daily Player misses their question, their bank is reset to zero.

Round 3
The totals accumulated by the five Daily Players are placed on the three centre reels of the Moneyspinner, with each total appearing twice on every reel. One Bank Buster is placed on the leftmost of these reels, two on the centre one, and three on the rightmost. The money reel is taken out of play.

The Spin Star spins the category reel, with one re-spin allowed if an unwanted category comes up, and is asked three questions. Each correct answer removes one Bank Buster from a reel, working left to right, while each miss adds one more. After each question, the Spin Star spins the reel affected by it. If a cash total comes up, it is credited to the Spin Star's bank; if a Bank Buster comes up, the bank is reset to zero. After the third question and spin, the Spin Star wins all the money in their bank and leaves the show.

The maximum potential bank total was £568,500. To achieve this result, the same Daily Player's name and the maximum question value would first have to come up on every name/money reel in Rounds 1 and 2, and they would have to answer every question correctly (at double value). That Daily Player's total (£189,500) would then have to appear on all three reels in Round 3.

References

External links

2008 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
2000s British game shows
English-language television shows
ITV game shows
Television series by Banijay


Three vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Flamborough, after the English town:

  was a 24-gun post ship launched at Chatham Dockyard in 1697 and captured by the French ship Jason near Cape Spartel on 10 October 1705.
  was a 24-gun post ship launched at Woolwich Dockyard on 29 January 1707. It was rebuilt as a 20-gun post ship in 1727 at Portsmouth and sold on 10 January 1748.
  was a 20-gun post ship launched at Limehouse on 14 May 1756 and sold on 23 September 1772.

See also

 Empire Flamborough, the Empire ship Flamborough

References

Royal Navy ship names


Gilles Carle,  (July 31, 1928 – November 28, 2009) was a French Canadian director, screenwriter and painter.

Gilles Carle, who was a key figure in the development of a commercial Quebec cinema, worked as a graphic artist and writer before he joined the National Film Board of Canada in 1960. His innovative debut feature, La Vie heureuse de Léopold Z., tracked the adventures of a snowplough operator during a madcap Christmas Eve. But after the NFB rejected several of his projects, he began working independently. In 1971 Carle joined forces with Pierre Lamy to form Les Productions Carle-Lamy, which produced Claude Jutra’s epic Kamouraska, Denys Arcand’s early features and all his early films. The quirkily paced, proto-feminist La Vraie Nature de Bernadette – widely regarded as his best film – and Le Mort d’un bûcheron eventually led to the more mainstream but graceful Les Plouffe and the epic love story Maria Chapdelaine, both classics of Quebec cinema. In 1972 Carle won the Canadian Film Award for best Director for his The True Nature of Bernadette.

Carle was born in Maniwaki, Quebec. His film 50 ans, celebrating the 50 years of the National Film Board of Canada, won the Short Film Palme d'Or at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival.

In 1990, he was awarded the Government of Quebec's Prix Albert-Tessier. In 1997, Carle received a Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts. In 1998, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2007, he was made a Grand Officer of the Ordre National du Quebec.

Carle died aged 81 on November 28, 2009, of complications from Parkinson's disease at the hospital in Granby, Quebec. His companion of 27 years was the actress and singer Chloé Sainte-Marie.  Quebec Premier Jean Charest described him, at his death, as one of Quebec's most influential filmmakers. He was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Filmography

Feature films
Solange dans nos campagnes - 1964, short film (re-released as part of the 1964 anthology film Trois Femmes)
The Merry World of Leopold Z (La vie heureuse de Léopold Z) - 1965
The Rape of a Sweet Young Girl (Le Viol d'une jeune fille douce) - 1968
Red - 1970
The Men (Les mâles) - 1971
The True Nature of Bernadette (La vraie nature de Bernadette) - 1972
The Heavenly Bodies (Les Corps célestes) - 1973
The Death of a Lumberjack (La mort d'un bûcheron) - 1973
Normande (La tête de Normande St-Onge) - 1975
The Angel and the Woman (L'Ange et la femme) - 1977
The Machine Age (L'âge de la machine) - 1977, short film
Fantastica - 1980
The Plouffe Family (Les Plouffe) - 1981
Maria Chapdelaine - 1983
La guêpe (aka Scalp - 1986
The Postmistress (La postière) - 1992
The Other Side of the Law - 1994
Poor Man's Pudding (Pudding chômeur) - 1996

Documentaries
Dimanche d'Amérique (Short film, 1961)
Manger (Short film Co-Directed with Louis Portugais, 1961)
Patinoire (Short film, 1962)
Un air de famille (Short film, 1963)
Natation (Short film, 1963)
Patte mouillée (Short film, 1963)
Percé on the Rocks (Short film, 1964)
Place à Olivier Guimond (TV documentary, 1967)
Place aux Jérolas (TV documentary, 1967)
Le Québec à l'heure de l'Expo (Short film, 1967)
Stéréo (Short film, 1970)
Les chevaliers (1971)
Les chevaux ont-ils des ailes? (Short film, 1975)
Les masques (TV documentary aka Carle – masques, 1978)
Jouer sa vie (Co-Directed with Camille Coudari, 1982)
Cinéma, cinéma (Co-Directed with Werner Nold, 1985)
Ô Picasso (Co-Directed with Camille Coudari, 1985)
Vive Québec, cité française... ville francophone (1987)
50 ans (Short film, 1989)
Le diable d'amérique (1990)
Montréal off (Short film, 1991)
Moi, j'me fais mon cinéma (1999)

Television
Un hiver brûlant (TV episode of the series La feuille d'érable, 1971)
A Thousand Moons (TV movie, 1976) (Created for TV series For the Record)
Homecoming (TV movie aka Lonesome Riders, 1979)
Le Crime d'Ovide Plouffe (TV miniseries Parts 1–4, 1983) (Parts 5–6 directed by Denys Arcand)
Miss Moscou (TV movie, 1991)
L'honneur des grandes neiges (TV movie, 1994) (Created for TV series Aventures dans le Grand Nord)
Le sang du chasseur (TV movie, 1995) (Created for TV series Aventures dans le Grand Nord)
Épopée en Amérique: une histoire populaire du Québec (TV series, 1997)

References

Further reading
 Vincent Grondin, "Gilles Carle et l'impossible nature de Bernadette", Nouvelles Vues, issue 17, winter-spring 2016 : https://web.archive.org/web/20161102064959/http://www.nouvellesvues.ulaval.ca/no-17-hiver-2016-cinema-et-philosophie-par-s-santini-et-p-a-fradet/articles/gilles-carle-et-limpossible-nature-de-bernadette-par-vincent-grondin/
Carle, Gilles: Scénarios 1, Boreal 2005,
Carle, Gilles: Scénarios 2, Boreal 2005,
Coulombe, Michel :Gilles Carle le Chemin Secret du Cinema. Liber Canada, 2005,

External links

 Watch films by Gilles Carle at the National Film Board of Canada
  Fonds Gilles Carle (R4308) at Library and Archives Canada

1928 births
2009 deaths
Canadian screenwriters in French
Film directors from Quebec
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
French Quebecers
Best Screenplay Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Grand Officers of the National Order of Quebec
Officers of the Order of Canada
National Film Board of Canada people
Best Director Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Prix Albert-Tessier winners
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
Screenwriters from Quebec
People from Maniwaki
Governor General's Award winners


David Assouline (born 16 June 1959) is a French politician  of the Socialist Party (PS) who has been serving as a member of the Senate of France since 2004, representing the city of Paris. He is simultaneously a councillor for the 20th arrondissement of Paris.

Political career
In the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Assouline endorsed Martine Aubry as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.

Other activities
Assouline is a board member of the France 2 television network and a member of the Digital Dividend Commission (Commission du dividende numérique), which recommended reallocation of frequencies made available by the ending of analogue broadcasting. Previously he has served as a member of the French Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and as a member of the Women's Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (Délégation aux droits des femmes et à l'égalité des chances entre les hommes et les femmes).

Works (with Mehdi Lallaoui)
Assouline is a historian who has written a 3-volume survey of France's relationship with its immigrants. However, he is best known for his work on the harsh repression of Algerians living in France during the Algerian War.
Un siècle d’immigration, Au Nom de la Mémoire (ANM)
 1996, Vol. 1: Un siècle d'immigrations en France (1851–1918), 144 pp.,
 1996, Vol. 2: Un siècle d'immigrations en France (1919–1945), 144 pp.,
 1997, Vol. 3: Un siècle d'immigrations en France (de 1945 à nos jours), 144 pp.,
 2001: A propos d’octobre 1961, Au Nom de la Mémoire

Notes

External links

 Blog
 David Assouline (Sénat)
 Page on the Senate website

1959 births
Living people
People from Sefrou
20th-century Moroccan Jews
Jewish French politicians
Internationalist Communist Organisation politicians
Revolutionary Communist League (France) politicians
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Moroccan emigrants to France
French people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
Senators of Paris


The Spell is a 1997 solo album by singer and songwriter Ivan Doroschuk, the leader of Men Without Hats, recording as "Ivan."

Production
The release and songwriting credits for The Spell used only Doroschuk's first name.

The Spell was the only solo album that Doroschuk released. He recorded demos for an intended solo follow-up, Mote in God's Eye, some of which were worked into the 2003 album No Hats Beyond This Point and released under the name of Men Without Hats.

Two singles from the album, "Open Your Eyes" and "Superbadgirls", were released with music videos.

Critical reception
Writing for AllMusic, Aaron Badgley wrote that the album was a "disappointing affair", referring to "Superbadgirls" as "embarrassing." He nevertheless described the title track and "Open Your Eyes" as "highlights."

Track listing
All songs written by Ivan Doroschuk, except as noted.
 "The Spell"
 "Superbadgirls"
 "Chain Reaction"
 "Open Your Eyes"
 "1972 (Slippin' Away)"
 "You" – (Colin Doroschuk)
 "Forever"
 "WWW"
 "Somethin'"
 "Fly"
 "Outro"

References

External links
 The Spell at Discogs

1997 albums
Men Without Hats albums
Albums produced by John Punter


Centro de Comercio Internacional is an office skyscraper located in Bogotá, Colombia. The building is  190m/623 ft, 50 floors. The building is another neighbor of the second largest skyscraper in Colombia, Torre Colpatria. Located inside this building are some of the offices of Davivienda Bank which recently obtained the rights of the building. When it was built, it was called Centro Las Americas.

Architecture
Its address is 28th Street # 13A - 15, it has 17 elevators, the service areas and the emergency stairs. The exterior of the building is defined by glass paneling and both lateral sides by only one vertical line of windows. The tower has a huge open space in front of its entrance. The tower is in use, and is the third tallest building in Bogotá. When it was finished in 1977 it was the tallest building in Latin America, and it continued to be so until the construction of the Colpatria Tower.

See also
List of tallest buildings in South America
List of tallest buildings in Colombia

References

External links

 Skyscraper.com Colombia diagram
 Skyscrapers.com

Landmarks in Colombia
Skyscraper office buildings in Colombia
Tourist attractions in Bogotá
Buildings and structures in Bogotá
Office buildings completed in 1977


Jaakko Forsman (1839, Vähäkyrö — 1899) was a Finnish jurist and politician, as well as a leading activist of the Fennoman movement.

In 1857, he attained his doctorate in law at the University of Helsinki with the first Finnish language dissertation ever submitted to the Faculty of Law there. In 1879, he was appointed professor of law and legal history. He was acting rector of the university from 1896 to 1899.

His contributions to the 1889 Finnish Criminal Code and his lectures in criminal law, which came to be regarded as the code's authentic interpretation, earned him the title of "Father of Finnish Criminal Law". Forsman also wrote a seminal text on Finnish legal history, Suomen lainsäädännön historia (1896), and served in the Diet of Finland from 1882 until his death.

References

Footnotes

1839 births
1899 deaths
People from Vähäkyrö
People from Vaasa Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Finnish Party politicians
Members of the Diet of Finland
Finnish jurists
Finnish legal scholars
Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
Rectors of the University of Helsinki


may refer to:

 An antiquated name for Japan
 Zipang (film), a 1990 Japanese film
 Zipang (manga), a Japanese manga series, anime, and video game
 A fictional state in the My-Otome anime series; see
 A Japanese song by Hyde and Yoshiki
 The PC Engine version of the video game Solomon's Key

See also
 "Zipangu" (song), by Pink Lady


Uncial 0152 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek talisman manuscript of the New Testament. It contains a small fragment of the Gospel of Matthew (16:9-13). It is dated to the 4th century.

Description

The text is written in 8 lines and 18 letters per line.

Caspar René Gregory classified manuscripts of New Testament into four groups: Papyri, Uncials, Minuscules, and Lectionaries. Talisman included into Uncials, it received number 0152. Eberhard Nestle distinguished new group – Talismans, and to this group included Uncial 0152. It received no. 1. This opinion was supported by other scholars, f.e. Kurt Aland, and in result Uncial 0152 (or Talisman 1) was deleted from the list of New Testament uncials, and now we have empty place in position 152 of the list.

See also
 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism
 Uncial 0153

References

Further reading
 Nestle, Eberhard (1923). Einführung in das griechische Neue Testament, 4th edn, revised by Ernst von Dobschütz (Göttingen), p. 86.
 Clark, K. W. (1937). A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscript in America, (Chicago). pp. 139, 226-227.
 Vaganay Léon (1991). An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism. Cambridge University Press. . pp. 26.

Uncial 0152
Talismans


Bertrand Auban (born 18 January 1947) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Haute-Garonne department. He is a member of the Socialist Party.

References
Page on the Senate website

1947 births
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Haute-Garonne
Place of birth missing (living people)


Matsukaze is a Japanese classical Noh drama.

Matsukaze may also refer to:

 Matsukaze, the legendary horse of Maeda Toshimasu
 Matsukaze, a Danzan-ryū jujitsu technique
 , two Japanese destroyers
 Masaya Matsukaze, Japanese actor and voice actor
 Matsukaze Tenma, a fictional character in the video game Inazuma Eleven GO
 Super Matsukaze, a Japanese rail service


Jean-Pierre Bel (born 30 December 1951) is a French retired politician who served as President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014 (the sole non-right-wing in the Fifth Republic). From the Ariège department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008. Bel was President of the Socialist Group in the Senate from 2004 to 2011.

Following the September 2008 Senate election, Bel was the Socialist candidate for the post of President of the Senate on 1 October 2008, but because the right held a majority of seats in the Senate, he was defeated by Gérard Larcher. In the vote, he received 134 votes against 173 votes for Larcher.

The left won a Senate majority in the September 2011 Senate election, and Bel was elected as President of the Senate on 1 October 2011. He received 179 votes against 134 votes for the right's candidate, outgoing Senate President Larcher; a centrist, Valerie Letard, received 29 votes.

References

Page on the Senate website

|-

|-

|-

1951 births
Living people
People from Lavaur, Tarn
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Ariège (department)
Toulouse 1 University Capitole alumni
Presidents of the Senate (France)


Ionela Loaieș (born February 2, 1979 in Comănești) is a Romanian artistic gymnast. She is an Olympic bronze medalist and a world gold medalist with the team.

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
20th-century Romanian women
People from Comănești
Sportspeople from Bacău County


is a Japanese film director and screenwriter. He made his directorial debut with To Sleep so as to Dream (1986). He is best known for his neo-noir Maiku Hama trilogy, The Most Terrible Time in My Life (1994), Stairway to the Distant Past (1995) and The Trap (1996). In addition to film, Hayashi served as creative director on the 2000 Konami video game 7 Blades for the PlayStation 2, and was director for two episodes of Power Rangers: Time Force.

Partial filmography

 Zipang (1990)

 Cat's Eye (1997)
 Bolt (2020)

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Japanese film directors
Japanese screenwriters
Writers from Kyoto Prefecture


Heiko Engelkes (1 April 1933 – 6 November 2008) was a German journalist.

Born in Norden, he studied law, political science and journalism in Wilhelmshaven, Hamburg and Berlin. Following this he spent time as a Fulbright scholar at the William Allan White School of Journalism of the University of Kansas.

He began his career as a journalist in 1956, freelancing for the Norddeutscher Rundfunk, the local public broadcaster for Hamburg and surrounding areas of the Federal Republic, and for the Deutsches Allgemeines Sonntagsblatt, a weekly newspaper published by the Evangelical Church in Germany. In 1960 he switched to the Westdeutscher Rundfunk, a public broadcaster based in Cologne, and became part of the editorial team of the Tagesschau, the broadcaster’s news service. He became head of the editorial team in 1965.

In 1974 he moved to Paris as an ARD correspondent, taking over the leadership of ARD’s studio there in 1978. After five years there he returned to Germany in 1983, becoming Second-Editor-in-Chief of ARD-aktuell, the broadcaster’s central TV news bureau. He returned to Paris as local chief at the ARD studio in 1991, remaining there until his retirement in 1998.

He died in Cologne on 6 November 2008 from cancer.

Bibliography (selected)
Mitterrand, aus der Nähe gesehen. Econ Verlag, München 1983,
Bonjour, Paris : mein Leben mit Frankreich. Lübbe Verlag 1999,
König Jacques. Chiracs Frankreich. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2005,
Ségolène Royal. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2007,

Honours
 1987: Chévalier of the Légion d'honneur
 1998: Adenauer-de Gaulle Prize
 2005: German Federal Cross of Merit I. Klasse

References

1933 births
2008 deaths
People from Norden, Lower Saxony
German editors
German male journalists
Deaths from cancer in Germany
German non-fiction writers
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Knights of the Legion of Honour
German male writers
20th-century non-fiction writers


Claude Bérit-Débat (born 19 February 1946 in Mirepeix, Pyrénées-Atlantiques) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Dordogne department.  He is a member of the Socialist Party.

References
Page on the Senate website

1946 births
Living people
People from Béarn
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Dordogne


Nephrolepis obliterata, the Kimberley Queen fern or Australian swordfern, is a species of fern in the family Nephrolepidaceae. This fern originated in Australia, but is relatively easy to cultivate indoors worldwide.

The often misspelled "Kimberley Queen" name correctly has a second "e" in the first name as is trademarked by Westland Laboratories Ply. Ltd.

The Kimberley Queen is not as well known as the Boston fern. Because it is not as sensitive to a lack of humidity, it is better suited for the typical indoor environment.

Cultivation
Nephrolepis obliterata prefer bright, but indirect sunlight. Temperatures between 16 °C and 24 °C are best. Nephrolepis obliterata is sensitive to both too little and too much water, so water the plant well but permit the soil to dry out between waterings.

Nephrolepis obliterata has the added benefit of reducing indoor air pollution, particularly formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene.

References

obliterata
Ferns of Australia
Garden plants of Australia
House plants


HMS Flamborough Prize was a French privateer originally called Le Général Lally (General Lally). The sloop was captured in action 14 April 1757 by  and subsequently commissioned into the Royal Navy. The ship was sold 15 March 1763.

Notes

References

Sloops of the Royal Navy


Jacques Berthou (born 3 March 1940) was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Ain department as a member of the Socialist Party. He has held other elected posts. In 1995 he was elected as mayor of Miribel, being reelected in 2001 and 2008 and he has also been a member of the general council of Ain, representing the canton of Miribel, where he was elected at the first round of the voting, in 2004.

References
Page on the Senate website

1940 births
Living people
Politicians from Lyon
Socialist Party (France) politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Ain
Mayors of places in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
French people of Breton descent


Radio Italia TV is an Italian music television channel, owned and operated by Gruppo Radio Italia (which own also Radio Italia Solo Musica Italiana), available on the digital terrestrial television network in Italy since 2011. On 31 December 2012 Video Italia ceased broadcasting and merged with the digital terrestrial channel Radio Italia TV.

Specialized in easy listening Italian music, Radio Italia TV was launched on April 2004, but has been closed in 2005 and survived as syndication network along with its satellite counterpart when was closed in July 2009. The channel was re-launched in 2011 by its owner, again on the digital terrestrial television network.

External links
  (in Italian)

Music television channels
Italian-language television stations
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Television channels in Italy
Music organisations based in Italy


"Wash My World" is a 2008 song recorded by French DJ Laurent Wolf, and performed by Éric Carter. It was the second single from his album of the same name on which it features as second track, and was released on August 22, 2008. It was successful in France and Belgium (Wallonia) where it was a top ten hit, but was not able to reach the same success in terms of chart as the previous single, "No Stress". However, its sales in its first week were higher (6,072 sales), but the single was only #5, its peak position in France.

Track listings
 CD maxi
 "Wash My World" (Radio edit) — 3:21
 "Wash My World" (Monsieur Elle remix) — 7:04
 "Wash My World" (Dim Chris remix) — 8:20
 "No Stress" (Laurent Wolf vs Big Ali and DJ Snake) — 3:10

 Digital download
 "Wash My World" (Radio edit) — 3:21
 "Wash My World" (Monsieur Elle remix) — 7:04
 "Wash My World" (Dim Chris remix) — 8:20

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 singles
Laurent Wolf songs
2008 songs
Columbia Records singles


Cro-Mag Rally is a kart racing game developed by Pangea Software and published by Aspyr, which takes place in caveman times. It was originally released for Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X, and was later ported to iOS, Xbox 360, Android, and Windows Phone 7.

Gameplay
Inspired by Mario Kart, the game centers around two caveman racers, Brog and Grag in vehicles made out of materials associated with cavemen, as they race through stages of ancient history. The goal is to guide the caveman through different sets of tracks that include hazards, such as pits or tornado. Each course is unlocked from the start, and are made of 3 laps each with several difficulty options. During the race, the players can pick up power ups (including bombs, nitro, tire traction, and oil slicks) that can be used against the opponents. Every one of them will last 15 seconds. At the beginning, only a few vehicles are available. They all behave diversely, making a distinction in control, speed, suspension and traction attributes. However, as the progress is made, all eleven vehicles can be unlocked.

The iOS version uses the accelerometer for steering left and right, with specific touch-screen buttons for driving forwards/backwards and weapons. A variety of options can be adjusted separately, like steering sensitivity. It has two game modes: Race, with a focus on beating the others to the finish line, and Gather, which relies on picking up arrowheads on the track as fast as possible.

In the Mac version, the single player part consists of a Practice Mode, where the players can test the cars and tracks, and a Tournament Mode with nine stages divided between three periods: the Bronze Age, the Stone Age, and the Iron Age. To make a progress, the player has to finish the race in third position or higher, while collecting eight arrowheads across the level at the same time. There is a Physics Editor, which allows the player to alter elements of play such as speed, acceleration, suspension, and traction of each car, as well as gravity.

Cro-Mag Rally has multiple multiplayer variants. On the Mac version, the game allows up to six players to compete via local area network. A number of modes are available, such as Race, Tag, Survive, and Quest For Fire. Race is the usual mode with the players having a battle for the first place. There are two versions of Tag, both being each other's opposites: Keep-Away and Stampede. Keep-Away begins with one player being "it", with the goal of being the last man standing by avoiding the elimination by staying the "it" for a long time.  and ends when all but one of the players has been eliminated from the game by being "it" far too long. Meanwhile, in Stampede, the winner is the one to stay as the  "it" for two minutes. Survive allows the players to slam karts and fire weapons at the opponents, until only one vehicle is left. Similar to Capture The Flag, Quest For Fire splits the players into two teams, trying to seize five torches from the enemies and move them to their base. The iOS version offered a four-player online multiplayer via Game Center.

Reception

References

External links
 Official website

2000 video games
Android (operating system) games
Racing video games
IOS games
Classic Mac OS games
Prehistoric people in popular culture
Windows Phone games
Video games set in the Stone Age
Xbox 360 games
Aspyr games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Pangea Software


Sesheshet, occasionally known as Sesh, was the mother of King Teti, the first and founding pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She was instrumental in enabling her son to gain the throne and reconciling two warring factions of the royal family.

In 2008, archeologists discovered what is believed to have been her pyramid.

Family
Sesheshet was a grandmother of King Pepi I Meryre. Queen Iput I, Teti's wife, was a daughter of King Unas, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty. The dynasty that arose from Teti is considered part of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, a term designated by modern historians.

There was no break in the royal lines or the location of the capital from its predecessors, but significant cultural changes occurred to prompt the designation of different periods by scholars.

Until the recent rediscovery of her pyramid, little contemporary evidence about Sesheshet had been found. Her estates under the title King's Mother are mentioned in the tomb of the early Sixth Dynasty vizier Mehi, and she is referenced in passing as the mother of Teti in a remedy for baldness in the Ebers Papyrus.

Teti named his daughters after his mother.

Pyramid discovery

On 8 November 2008, Egypt's chief archaeologist, Zahi Hawass, then secretary general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities (2002–2011), announced that Sesheshet was entombed in a 4,300-year-old, topless pyramid at Saqqara that measures  tall. Hawass stated that this may be Saqqara's most complete subsidiary pyramid. The tomb is number 118 among the ancient pyramids discovered so far in Egypt. The largest part of its  wide casing was built with a superstructure  high.

Hawass's archaeological team began excavating the site in 2006. The discovery of the pyramid was made in September 2008 with the unearthing of the structure from the sand. The structure originally reached  in height, with sides  long.

Once five stories tall, the pyramid was discovered beneath  of sand, a small shrine, and mud-brick walls from later periods. It is the third known "subsidiary" pyramid to Teti's tomb and originally was  and  at its base, due to its walls having stood at a 51-degree angle. Buried next to the Saqqara Step pyramid, its base lies nineteen metres underground.

The pyramid of Sesheshet lies near two other pyramids which belong to Unas's two wives, Nebet and Khenut. Archeologists entered the pyramid on 8 January 2009. The remains of what are thought to be Sesheshet were found in the sarcophagus of the tomb. The mummy was found wrapped in cloth in the 22-metre long and four-metre wide chamber. Even though the archaeologists did not find the name of the queen in hieroglyphs, there is evidence to suggest that the mummy was the mother of the Sixth Dynasty ruler Teti, Hawass said in the statement. "It is believed that these remains belong to Queen Sesheshet, especially because the pyramid was not built for worship but it was a burial pyramid," he said. Hawass also stated that the sarcophagus appeared to have been looted. Ancient robbers had stolen most of the valuables from inside the sarcophagus, leaving behind the body parts, some pottery and gold that was used to cover fingers of royal pharaohs.

Although ancient graphics in good condition adorn the structure, it is presumed that the tomb was robbed of its valuable artifacts centuries ago.

References

External links
BBC, In pictures: New pyramid found

People of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
24th-century BC women
Queen mothers
Ancient Egyptian mummies


Denmark–Finland relations are foreign relations between Denmark and Finland. Denmark has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Copenhagen. Both countries are part of the Nordic Council. Denmark officially recognized Finland's independence in 1918 and diplomatic relations were established on 18 February of that year. Both countries are members of the European Union, Nordic Union, Council of the Baltic Sea States, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Nordic Culture Fund and the Finnish-Danish Cultural Fund support projects of artists in both countries.

History

Denmark was the first country along with Sweden to recognize Finland's independence on 10 January 1918. During the Winter War, over 1,000 Danish volunteers came to help Finland. During the Winter War and the Continuation War, Denmark took 4,200 Finnish war children.

Trade
Denmark is Finland's 15th largest export country and the 10th biggest import-trading partner. Finland's exports to Denmark, as well as imports from that area have fluctuated each year, the trade balance, however, was in the 2000s, Finland deficit. In 2008, Finland's exports to Denmark increased. The value of exports to Denmark, was 1.380 billion euros and imports from Denmark was 1.453 billion euros.

Tourism

In 2017, 113,000 Danes visited Finland, while 206,000 Finns visited Denmark.

High-level visits
Former prime minister of Finland Matti Vanhanen visited Denmark on 12 October 2007. Lars Løkke Rasmussen, the Prime Minister of Denmark visited Finland on 10 February 2010 during the Baltic Sea summit.

Diplomacy

Kingdom of Denmark
Helsinki (Embassy)

Republic of Finland
Copenhagen (Embassy)

See also
Foreign relations of Denmark
Foreign relations of Finland
Kalmar Union
Denmark in the European Union

References

External links
 Historisk blik på relationerne mellem Finland og Danmark
 Bilateral relations between Denmark and Finland

Finland
Bilateral relations of Finland


George Keith Griffiths (30 December 1927 – August 2015) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Chester.

Football career
Griffiths began his playing career with Rhyl before joining hometown club Chester in the summer of 1955 along with John Devine. His Football League debut followed on 28 September, in a 3–2 win over Carlisle United at Sealand Road.

He was to spend his first two years as second-choice goalkeeper to Bobby Jones before playing regularly in 1957–58. He remained involved in the first team squad the following season but was restricted to just seven league appearances before moving on.

Bibliography

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Footballers from Chester
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Rhyl F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
English Football League players


Finland–Iceland relations are foreign relations between Finland and Iceland. Both nations are mutual members of the Arctic Council, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Council of Europe, Nordic-Baltic Eight, Nordic Council, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, NATO, and the United Nations.

History
Both Finland and Iceland were united as one nation under the Kalmar Union from 1397 - 1523. In December 1917, Finland obtained its independence from Russia and Iceland obtained its independence from Denmark in June 1944. Both nations officially established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1947. Initially, Finland maintained its relations with Iceland from its embassy in Oslo, Norway, while Iceland maintained relations with Finland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden. Finland opened its resident embassy in Reykjavík in 1982. Iceland opened its embassy in Helsinki in 1997.

Trade

Iceland, as a member of the European Free Trade Association has unrestricted access to the European Union market (which includes Finland). In 2015, total trade between Iceland and the EU totaled 5.7 billion euros.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Finland has an embassy in Reykjavík.
 Iceland has an embassy in Helsinki.

European Union
Finland joined the EU in 1995. Iceland has never been a member of EU.

NATO
While Iceland was a founding member of NATO, Finland joined the alliance in April 2023.

See also
 Foreign relations of Finland
 Foreign relations of Iceland
 Nordic Passport Union
 Scandinavia
 Iceland–EU relations

References

Iceland
Bilateral relations of Iceland


The Global Dow (GDOW) is a 150-stock index of corporations from around the world, created by Dow Jones & Company. Only blue-chip stocks are included in the index.

Like its progenitor, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (INDU), stocks in The Global Dow are selected by senior editors of The Wall Street Journal. Joining them for this new index were Dow Jones Newswires senior editors in the three major regions of the globe. The Global Dow is bigger—150 stocks rather than 30—and its components are weighted equally rather than by price. All 30 Dow industrial stocks are included, as well as some from the Dow Jones Transportation and Utility averages.

The Global Dow tracks leading companies from around the world in all industries, selected not just for current size and reputation but also for their potential. It covers both developed and emerging markets. In addition, it includes companies from emerging sectors, such as alternative energy. The components are equally weighted, which means that price movements of the larger stocks have no greater impact on index performance than those of the smaller stocks.

The Global Dow is calculated and disseminated in real time by Dow Jones Indexes. Current and closing values can be accessed daily in The Wall Street Journal, and real time at www.djindexes.com . The Base Value is 1000 as of December 31, 2000.

The Global Dow (GDOW) components

 3M
 ABB
 Abbott Laboratories
 Alcoa
 Allianz
 Amazon
 América Móvil
 Amgen
 American Express
 Anglo American plc
 Anheuser-Busch InBev
 Apple
 ArcelorMittal
 Assicurazioni Generali
 AstraZeneca
 AT&T
 BAE Systems
 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
 Banco Santander
 Bank of America
 Bank of New York Mellon
 BASF
 Baxter International
 Bharti Airtel
 BHP
 BNP Paribas
 Boeing
 Bridgestone
 BP
 Canon
 Carnival Corporation & plc
 Carrefour
 Caterpillar
 Chevron Corporation
 China Construction Bank
 China Mobile
 China Petroleum & Chemical
 China Unicom
 Cisco Systems
 CLP Holdings
 The Coca-Cola Company
 Colgate-Palmolive
 Compagnie de Saint-Gobain
 CEMIG
 Companhia Vale do Rio Doce Pref A
 ConocoPhillips
 Credit Suisse Group
 Daimler AG
 Deere & Co
 Deutsche Bank
 DuPont
 E.ON
 eBay
 EDP-Energias de Portugal
 Ericsson
 ExxonMobil
 FedEx
 Esprit Holdings
 First Solar
 Freeport-McMoRan
 Gazprom
 GDF Suez
 General Electric
 Gilead Sciences
 GlaxoSmithKline
 Goldman Sachs
 Google
 Hanwha Q Cells
 Hewlett-Packard
 Home Depot
 Honda
 Honeywell
 HSBC(UK registered)
 Hutchison Whampoa
 IBM
 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China
 Infosys
 Johnson & Johnson
 JPMorgan Chase
 Komatsu
 Kraft Foods
 LG Electronics
 LVMH
 McDonald's
 Medtronic
 Merck & Co
 Medco Health Solutions
 Microsoft
 Mitsubishi Corporation
 Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group
 Mitsui & Co
 Mizuho Financial Group
 Monsanto Company
 Nasdaq
 National Australia Bank
 National Grid plc
 Nestle
 News Corp Cl A
 Nike Cl B
 Nintendo
 Nippon Steel
 Nokia
 Novartis
 Panasonic
 PetroChina
 Petroleo Brasileiro S/A Pref
 Pfizer
 Philip Morris International
 PotashCorp
 Procter & Gamble
 Reliance Industries
 Renewable Energy Corporation
 Rio Tinto
 Roche Holding AG Part. Cert.
 Royal Bank of Canada
 Royal Dutch Shell A
 Samsung
 SAP
 Schlumberger
 Seven & I Holdings
 Siemens
 Société Générale
 Sony
 Southwest Airlines
 SunPower Corp. Cl A
 Suntech Power Holdings
 TSMC
 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
 Tata Steel
 Telefónica
 Tesco
 Time Warner
 Toshiba
 TotalEnergies
 Toyota
 Travelers
 UBS
 UniCredit
 United Parcel Service Cl B
 United Technologies
 Veolia Environnement
 Verizon Communications
 Vestas
 Vinci
 Visa Cl A
 Vodafone
 Wal-Mart Stores
 Walt Disney Company

Country allocation

Sector allocation

See also
BBC Global 30
MSCI World
S&P Global 100
S&P Global 1200

External links
 The Global Dow

Global stock market indices
Dow Jones & Company


A temperance fountain was a fountain that was set up, usually by a private benefactor, to encourage temperance, and to make abstinence from beer possible by the provision of clean, safe, and free water.  Beer was the main alternative to water, and generally safer. The temperance societies had no real alternative as tea and coffee were too expensive, so drinking fountains were very attractive.

Temperance fountains in the United States

Muddied and bad tasting drinking water encouraged many Americans to drink alcohol for health purposes, so temperance groups constructed public drinking fountains throughout the United States following the Civil War. The National Woman's Christian Temperance Union (NWCTU)'s organizing convention of 1874 encouraged its attendees to erect the fountains in their hometowns. The NWCTU advocated the fountains as a means to discourage people from entering saloons for refreshment. The NWCTU sponsored temperance fountains in towns and cities across the United States.

Cast-stone statues of Hebe were marketed for use in temperance fountains. In New York City, the James Fountain in Union Square Park is a Temperance fountain with the figure of Charity who empties her jug of water, aided by a child; it was donated by Daniel Willis James and sculpted by Adolf Donndorf.

In Washington DC "the" Temperance Fountain was donated to the city in 1882 by Temperance crusader Henry D. Cogswell. This fountain was one of a series of fountains he designed and commissioned in a belief that easy access to cool drinking water would prevent people from consuming alcohol. Under its stone canopy the words "Faith," "Hope," "Charity," and "Temperance" are chiseled. Atop this canopy is a life-sized heron, and the centerpiece is a pair of entwined heraldic scaly dolphins. Originally, visitors were supposed to freely drink ice water flowing from the dolphins' snouts with a brass cup attached to the fountain and the overflow was collected by a trough for horses, but the city tired of replenishing the ice in a reservoir beneath the base and disconnected the supply pipes. Other Cogswell fountains include one still standing in New York City's Tompkins Square Park, and one in downtown Pawtucket, Rhode Island (1880).

These grandiose statues were not all well received by the communities where they were placed. Washington, DC's Temperance Fountain has been called "the city's ugliest statue" and spurred city councils across the country to set up fine arts commissions to screen such gifts.
Although the D.C. statue survived mostly unscathed, the California and Market Street, San Francisco Statue of Henry D. Cogswell and Fountain was pulled down on New Year's Eve Night of 1893-1894 by "a lynch party of self-professed art lovers" including Gelett Burgess (who was subsequently fired from his job at University of California at Berkeley),

Cogswell's 1879 Ben Franklin statue and temperance fountain in Washington Square, San Francisco remains unscathed to this day. One in Rockville, Connecticut, was thrown into Shenipsic Lake.  In Dubuque, Iowa, a statue of Cogswell in Washington Park was pulled down by a group of vandals in 1900 and buried under the ground of a planned sidewalk. The next day the sidewalk was poured and the object was entombed. When new sidewalks were recently laid, the statue was not found.

Simon Benson, an Oregon lumberman, was a teetotaler who wanted to discourage his workers from drinking alcohol in the middle of the day. In 1912, Benson gave the City of Portland USD $10,000 for the installation of 20 bronze drinking fountains. As of March 2014, these fountains, known as "Benson Bubblers", remain functional in downtown Portland.

Temperance fountains in the United Kingdom

The provision of drinking fountains in the United Kingdom was also linked to the temperance movement in the United Kingdom, with the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association in London drawing support from temperance advocates.  Many of its fountains were sited opposite public houses. The evangelical movement was encouraged to build fountains in churchyards to encourage the poor to see churches as supporting them. Many fountains have inscriptions such as "Jesus said whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again but whosoever drinketh of the water I shall give him shall never thirst". By 1877, the association was widely accepted and Queen Victoria donated money for a fountain in Esher.

Many fountains, within London and outside, were called temperance fountains or would have a representation of the Greek mythical figure Temperance.

Examples
Many temperance fountains were erected:
 Women's Christian Temperance Union Public Fountain in Shendendoah, Iowa
 Temperance Fountain (Washington, DC)
 Tompkins Square Park temperance fountain
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union Fountain in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware
 San Francisco temperance fountain
 Wallace fountains (Paris)
 1912 WCTU Stone drinking Fountain (Arcata, CA)
 The Benson Bubblers in Portland, Oregon

References

Temperance movement
Drinking fountains


An eyecatcher is something artificial that has been placed in the landscape as a focal point to "catch the eye" or gain a viewer's attention. It is used to decorate or ornament landscapes for aesthetic reasons, and are typically found in gardens, parks and the grounds of stately homes. Many of these can be found in various forms.

Devices or objects
These can be anything but typically they tend to be
boulders
rockery
trees

Or on a grander scale they can be structures such as a
bridge over a river, a stream or lake as an ornamental feature
conservatory - glasshouses, orangeries, vineries
exedra
folly
gloriettes
grottoes
shell grottos
mausoleums
monopteros
monuments (whether they commemorate anything or just for decoration)
nymphaea
pavilions
reflecting pools
shooting/hunting lodge
summer houses
temples (ornamental or not, as they may sometimes have more than aesthetic use)

See also
 List of garden features

Garden features
Landscape architecture


Adé Sapara (born 1964) is an English actor, mainly in supporting roles in films and TV series.

Filmography
Sammy and Rosie Get Laid, 1987
Crusoe, 1989
Riff-Raff, 1991
The Bill, 1993, one TV episode & 2000, two TV episodes
Privateer 2: The Darkening, 1996
Nachtgestalten (or Nightshapes), 1999)
Doctors, 2002, one TV episode
Casualty, 1991, 1995 and 2005, three TV episodes
Holby City, 2005, two TV episodes
London Fields, 2015
2036: Nexus Dawn, 2017
London's Burning, 1993 & 1994, 4 TV episodes

References

External links

English male television actors
Living people
1964 births
English male film actors


Ferry Road is a road in Southport, on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Originally a suburban street, it is now part of Southport – Burleigh Road, a state controlled road (State Route 3)

Geography

Ferry Road is a continuation of High Street, Southport. It runs for about  to the intersection with Slatyer Avenue and Thomas Drive, from where it continues as Bundall Road. There are no major intersections on this road.

History
In 1887, German immigrant Johann Meyer operated a ferry across the Nerang River. From Southport, travellers would follow the Meyer's Ferry Road (now simply Ferry Road) to a spit of land that created a narrow point in the river (). The narrow spit is no longer in existence due to changes in the river and the creation of Chevron Island but is in the vicinity of the Gold Coast Arts Centre. From that point, Meyer's ferry would take the travellers across the river to Meyer's Ferry Road at Elston (as Surfers Paradise was then known) along which the travellers would walk to the surf beach. Businesses established along Meyer's Ferry Road at Elston which created the main street of Surfers Paradise now known as Cavill Avenue. Although the surf beaches of Elston were a popular destination, the lack of road access limited the extent of residential and commercial development. It was not until 1925 that the Jubilee Bridge was built between Southport and Main Beach which opened up Surfers Paradise for tourism and associated development and eliminated the need for the ferry service.

The present day Ferry Road is only southbound part of the original Ferry Road, the remainder which meandered in an easterly direction to the end of the spit and the ferry service was lost as the river was embanked and islands created.

See also

References

Roads on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Southport, Queensland


Burnaby Island is an island in Haida Gwaii off the north coast of British Columbia, Canada, located off the southeast coast of Moresby Island.  It is part of the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site.

The island was named in 1862 for Robert Burnaby, also the namesake of Burnaby Lake and the City of Burnaby.

See also
 List of islands of British Columbia

References

External links

Islands of Haida Gwaii
Haida


Mirela Țugurlan (born September 4, 1980 in Focșani, Romania) is a Romanian artistic gymnast. She is a 1996 Olympic bronze medalist and a 1997 world gold medalist with the team. She was not originally expected to be a member of the Romanian Olympic team in Atlanta, but was added to the roster after Ana Maria Bican sustained a serious knee injury in training after having arrived in Atlanta. Despite her relative lack of experience competing at the international senior level, Țugurlan performed solidly on the Olympic stage and contributed to Romania's bronze medal finish. A year later at the world championships in Lausanne, Switzerland, Țugurlan helped the Romanian women win their third consecutive world team title.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Focșani
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
20th-century Romanian women


Bannister Green Halt railway station was a station in Bannister Green, Essex, England. The station was  from Bishop's Stortford on the Bishop's Stortford to Braintree branch line (Engineer's Line Reference BSB). The station closed in 1952.

References

Further reading

External links
 Bannister Green Halt station on navigable 1946 O. S. map

Disused railway stations in Essex
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1922
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1952
Felsted


Sceptre (2021 population: ) is a special service area in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Clinworth No. 230 and Census Division No. 8. It held village status between 1913 and 2022.

History
Sceptre incorporated as a village on April 30, 1913. It restructured on January 1, 2023, relinquishing its village status in favour of becoming a special service area under the jurisdiction of the Rural Municipality of Clinworth No. 230.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sceptre had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population, Sceptre had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a  change from its 2011 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2016.

Arts and culture
Sceptre is home to various works of public art, including cartoon-like fire hydrants, murals, and the world's largest metal wheat sculpture. The latter was created in 1990 and stands  tall.

The former school was reopened in 1988 as the Great Sandhills Museum, with exhibits showcasing the area's natural and human history.

Attractions
Sceptre is north of the Great Sand Hills, a vast area of arid grassland and sand dunes. One of the more accessible parts of the dunes is approximately  south of the community. Though located on private land, the public is permitted to enter the area.

Notable people
 Bert Olmstead (1926–2015), ice hockey left winger and five-time Stanley Cup winner
 Jimmy Shields (1909–1996), curler and racehorse owner
 Harry Whiteside (1909–1984), former member of Parliament for Swift Current

See also
 List of communities in Saskatchewan

References

Villages in Saskatchewan
Clinworth No. 230, Saskatchewan
Division No. 8, Saskatchewan


The 2009 CFL Draft took place on Saturday, May 2, 2009 at 11:00 AM ET on TSN. 48 players were chosen from among 774 eligible players from Canadian universities across the country, as well as Canadian players playing in the NCAA. Of the 48 draft selections, 38 players were drafted from Canadian Interuniversity Sport institutions, including the first seven.

The first two rounds were broadcast live on TSN with CFL Commissioner Mark Cohon announcing each selection. The production was hosted by Rod Black and featured the CFL on TSN panel which included Duane Forde, Steve Sumarah, Stefan Ptaszek, Farhan Lalji, Glen Suitor, Matt Dunigan, and Chris Schultz who analyzed the teams' needs and picks.

Round one

Round two

Round three

Round four

Round five

Round six

Further reading

Notes

Canadian College Draft
Cfl Draft, 2009


Mr Larkin's Awkward Day is a comedy radio play by Chris Harrald, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Tuesday, 29 April 2008 as the Afternoon Play, repeated on 25 January 2010. The producer was Steven Canny. It won the Gold Award for Drama at the Sony Radio Academy Awards in 2009.

In 1957 Philip Larkin's friend Robert Conquest, of the group known as The Movement, played a practical joke on him. Mr Larkin's Awkward Day tells the true story of the joke, one that had Larkin fearing he might be sent to prison.

The Sony Gold citation said: "Assured direction, excellent performances and concise, skilfully-researched writing all made this deceptively straightforward story a masterpiece. Funny and touching by turns, a single, seemingly insignificant incident in the life of Philip Larkin brought out the humanity and humour of a poet whose personal life is not commonly associated with either."

The plot
In September 1957, a pre-fame Larkin prepares for another ordinary day and picks up his post. But one letter stands out: an official-looking envelope embossed with the words Scotland Yard. At work, and at his desk, he opens the letter -it reveals that there is an ongoing investigation into a man  who is dealing in pornographic literature - and that Larkin is on the man's mailing list. Further, that investigations may be made into the names on the mailing list under the  'Pornographic Materials Act of 1921'. These investigations may be followed by charges. Larkin begins to fret about what to do.   His assistant advises him that an Inspector Clough has turned up and Larkin freezes when the policeman says that he is very interested in his literary tastes. Larkin begins to defend himself until it transpires that the men have crossed wires—one fears he is being quizzed about purchasing dubious magazines, the other thinks he is having a friendly chat about literature. Finally, Larkin prises himself free from the Inspector to dash off to a meeting with his solicitors, who ask him what journals he has been buying. After he returns to his lodgings his landlady knocks on Larkin's door—someone wants him on the 'phone. It's Larkin's historian friend, Bob Conquest, and he is laughing. He asks Larkin about the silly joke he played on him, the embossed envelope and so on. When it becomes clear that Larkin was completely taken in, Conquest offers to pay his solicitors' costs.

References

Philip Larkin
BBC Radio comedy programmes
2008 audio plays


Margaret J. "Maggie" Osler (November 27, 1942 – September 15, 2010) was a historian and philosopher of early modern science and a professor of history at the University of Calgary.

Biography
Osler received a B.A. in philosophy from Swarthmore College in 1963, and M.A. (1966) and Ph.D. (1968) degrees from Indiana University in History and Philosophy of Science under the supervision of Richard S. Westfall.  The title of her dissertation was John Locke and Some Philosophical Problems in the Science of Boyle and Newton.  She held teaching appointments at Oregon State University, Harvey Mudd College, and Wake Forest University before coming to the University of Calgary in 1975. There, she rose through the ranks, being promoted to professor in 1995. In 1998, she was appointed adjunct professor in philosophy, and in 2002 adjunct professor of history at the University of Alberta.

Osler's work concentrated on the history and context of the scientific revolution and the relation of early modern science to religion.  Her work includes writings on Locke, Galileo, Descartes, Boyle, Newton, and Gassendi.

She was active in a number of academic societies, especially the History of Science Society, for which she served as secretary from 2001 until her death. She was president of the Canadian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science from 1987 to 1990. Osler served as editor for the Journal of the History of Philosophy, and was on the editorial board of a number of other journals.

Books

Other works

"The Intellectual Sources of Robert Boyle's Philosophy of Nature: Gassendi's Voluntarism and Boyle's Physico-Theological Project" (pages 178–198) in Philosophy, Science, and Religion in England, 1640-1700, Richard W. F. Kroll, Richard Ashcraft, Perez Zagorin, Cambridge University Press, 1991, , , 287 pages

"Certainty, Scepticism, and Scientific Optimism: The Roots of Eighteenth-Century Attitudes Toward Scientific Knowledge" (pp. 3–28) in Probability, Time, and Space in Eighteenth-century Literature, Paula R. Backscheider, Modern Language Association of America, AMS Press, 1979, , , 307 pages

"Descartes and Charleton on Nature and God" in J. Hist. Ideas Volume 40, 1979, pages 445–456.

References

External links
 Eloge from ISIS, A Journal of the History of Science Society
 Notice at the University of Calgary Faculty of Arts website
 Obituary
 The Margaret Osler Papers at Oregon State University Libraries

20th-century Canadian historians
Canadian historians of philosophy
Historians of science
Academic staff of the University of Calgary
2010 deaths
1942 births
Canadian women academics
Canadian women historians
21st-century Canadian historians


Antisthenes of Rhodes () was an ancient Greek historian who lived  200 BCE. He took an active part in the political affairs of his country, and wrote a history of his own time, which, notwithstanding his bias towards his native island of Rhodes, is spoken of in terms of high praise by Polybius. He wrote an account of the Battle of Lade (201 BCE) and was, according to Polybius, a contemporary with the events he described.

It is likely that this Antisthenes is the historian who wrote a Successions of the Greek philosophers, which is often referred to by Diogenes Laërtius. He might also be the Peripatetic philosopher cited by Phlegon of Tralles.

Plutarch mentions an Antisthenes who wrote a work called Meleagris, of which the third book is quoted; and Pliny the Elder speaks of an Antisthenes who wrote on the pyramids.

Notes

3rd-century BC births
2nd-century BC deaths
3rd-century BC Rhodians
2nd-century BC Rhodians
Ancient Greek biographers
Hellenistic-era historians
2nd-century BC historians
Ancient Rhodian historians


Russia participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Lemesos, Cyprus. The Russian entry was selected through a national final, organised by Russian broadcaster All-Russia State Television and Radio Company (VGTRK). The final was held on 1 June 2008. Mikhail Puntov and his song "Spit angel" won the national final, getting 10.81% of votes.

Before Junior Eurovision

National Final
On 2 March 2008, VGTRK announced that a national final would be held to select Russia' entry for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2008. A submission period for interested artists was opened and lasted until 20 April 2008. A professional jury selected twenty artists and songs from the applicants to proceed to the televised national final.

The selected artists and songs competed at the national final which took place on 1 June 2008 at the "Rossiya" concert hall in Moscow, hosted by Oskar Kuchera and Oksana Fedorova. In addition to the performances from the competitors, the show featured guest performances by Masha Pestunova, Aleksandra Golovchenko, Vlad Krutskikh and Tolmachevy Sisters. The members of the jury were Yury Entin, Artur Gasparyan, Gennady Gokhstein and Grygory Gladkov.

At Junior Eurovision
During the allocation draw on 14 October 2008, Russia was drawn to perform 4th, following Belarus and preceding Greece. Russia placed 7th, scoring 73 points.

Mikhail Puntov was joined on stage by dancers from band "Volshebniki Dvora".

In Russia, show were broadcast on Russia-1 with commentary by Olga Shelest. The Russian spokesperson revealing the result of the Russian vote was Sarina Urman.

Voting

Mikhail Puntov

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Puntov (; born 23 December 1994, Krasny Sulin, Rostov Oblast, Russian Federation) competed in the 2008-edition of Junior Eurovision Song Contest with the song Spit Angel (Sleeping Angel). In the final in Limasol the then 12-year-old Mikhail came 7th out of 15 contestants, scoring 73 points. At that time Mikhail was a member of the group Street Magic just like Vlad Krutskikh who represented Russia in 2005.
The background vocals were some other members of Street Magic: Seva Terasov (also one of the writers of Spit Angel) and Andrei Raspopov.
Nowadays Mikhail together with Vlad, Seva, and Andrei form the band Geroi.

Notes

References

Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Russia
2008


Qarah Tappeh (also Kara Tapa Kalan and Qara Tepe Kālan) is a fortified village in  southern Khamyab District, Jowzjan Province, Afghanistan. It has an altitude of 248 m. (816 ft.). It was a crossroads for goods between the Andkhoy - Khamyab (town) route and the Kerki - Akcha route.

See also
 Jowzjan Province

Populated places in Jowzjan Province


Robert Atkyns may refer to:
Sir Robert Atkyns (judge) (1621–1707), English judge and baron of the Exchequer
Sir Robert Atkyns (topographer) (1647–1711), English antiquary and historian

See also
Robert Atkins (disambiguation)


Bakewell railway station was a railway station built to serve the town of Bakewell in Derbyshire, England, by the Midland Railway on its extension of the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway line from Rowsley to Buxton.

History
The station was opened by the Midland Railway on 1 August 1862. Being the nearest station to Haddon Hall, it was built in a grand style as the local station for the Duke of Rutland over whose land the line had passed. Designed by Edward Walters of Manchester, the buildings were of fine ashlar with intricate carvings which incorporated the duke's coat of arms.

Since the line was climbing steeply towards its summit at Peak Forest, the station was located uphill about half a mile from the town, which became a disadvantage when road transport developed.

The busiest time was during the Bakewell Show but the station was also popular with campers and tourists. The station was host to an LMS caravan from 1935 to 1939. A camping coach was also positioned here by the London Midland Region from 1954 to 1967.

In the Grouping of all lines (into four main companies) in 1923 the station became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

During the nationalisation of Britain's railways in 1948 the station was passed on to the London Midland Region of British Railways, and despite escaping the Beeching Axe the station was closed when passenger services ceased on 6 March 1967. Trains continued to pass through the station until 1968 when the line was closed.

Stationmasters

John Tomlinson 1862–1873
Alfred Fewkes 1873–1880
George R. Gardner 1880–1891
Albert C. Bilham 1891–1898 (afterwards stationmaster at Matlock Bath)
Thomas Pitt 1898–1901 (formerly stationmaster at Rowsley)
Frank Porter 1901–1907 (formerly stationmaster at Spondon)
Harry l’Anson 1907–1911 (formerly stationmaster at Grindleford, afterwards stationmaster at Matlock)
Harry S. Dawes 1911–1922 (formerly stationmaster at Whatstandwell)
Ernest Clowes 1922–1932 (formerly stationmaster at Hathern)
E. Miles from 1932

After closure
The station buildings still survive and are Grade II listed. They are perched half a mile east of the centre of Bakewell, high upon the hillside due to the alignment that the railway was forced to take.

In time the station was replaced with Bakewell Industrial Estate; the station building is still in use as a warehouse along with the platforms (but the gap between platforms have been filled in to facilitate the Monsal Trail).

Ridged canopies existed over platform 1, and there was a goods shed and cattle dock, but all have since been removed.

See also
Listed buildings in Bakewell

References

Bibliography

Further reading

 Station on navigable O.S. map

External links
Flickr
Peak Rail
Station frontage.
Station looking north in 2008

Disused railway stations in Derbyshire
Former Midland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1862
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1967
1862 establishments in England
Edward Walters railway stations
Grade II listed buildings in Derbyshire
Bakewell