Tony Lamar Brice (born 1987), better known by his stage name Tone Trump, is an American rapper.

Biography
Tone Trump was born in Philadelphia and raised by a Muslim family, later changing his name to Abdul Sallam. His initial desire to be a professional basketball player ended after he was expelled from high school, so he focused his attention on his music.

In 2007, Tone Trump teamed up with fellow Philadelphia-area rappers Jay Bezel and Hedonis da Amazon to produce an antiviolence single entitled "Every Day Is Crazy." One of Tone Trump's songs was chosen for the soundtrack for Close to Death, a documentary on urban gun violence by Philadelphia-based producers, getting him on the radar of a few major record labels. He also owns his own record label, Top Notch Entertainment. He was also signed to G-Unit Philly and was also a member of The G-Unit Philly Group (with Mike Knox, Ive Vegas, Cotic); in 2009 he left the label due to a feud with fellow member Mike Knox. In January 2010, Tone Trump collaborated with Black Wall Street's artist Nu Jerzey Devil for the song "What It Look Like." Tone Trump recently signed a deal with Young Jeezy's CTE World label.

Tone Trump has close affiliations with entrepreneurs Hood Rellic, Chris Banks of the clothing label Banks and Ross Collection, as well as significant collaborations with fellow rap artist and model agent Smutty Major Movez. He is the author of many catch phrases, such as "Let's Win" and "Hustle or Starve". Tone Trump won artist of the year at the 2012 Philly Hip Hop Awards.

His song "Ghetto Boy," featuring Freeway Ricky Ross, was produced by Smitti Boi. Tone Trump made a cameo appearance in the 2015 boxing drama Creed, where he had a brief altercation with the main character.

In 2016 Tone Trump released his album TONY, which was entirely produced by Smitti Boi.

Discography

Studio albums
Trump Life (2009)
TONY (2015)

Mixtapes
Blood, Sweat, & Prayers (with Lex Luger) (2018)
West Side Story (2013)
The New Fresh Prince (2012)
Worldstar Tony (2011)
Product Of Philly (2010)

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
African-American Muslims
East Coast hip hop musicians
Rappers from Philadelphia
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people


Panta Rei is the debut album of Serbian singer Jelena Tomašević. The album features two songs that she entered to represent Serbia (and Montenegro) in the Eurovision Song Contest: Jutro (2005) and Oro (2008).

This album was released in October 2008.

Track listing

Songs in italics are bonus tracks.

References
ESCToday: Article on the release of Jelena Tomašević's debut album

2008 albums
Jelena Tomašević albums


Thelazioidea is a superfamily of spirurian nematodes in the large order Spirurida. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Among the families placed here, only the Rhabdochonidae are notably diverse. though none is considered to be monotypic Consequently, the Thelazioidea are among the mid-sized superfamilies of Spirurida.

The families of the Thelazioidea are:
 Pneumospiruridae
 Rhabdochonidae
 Thelaziidae

References

Spirurida
Animal superfamilies


The Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne is a pencil drawing and watercolour on paper by the English poet, painter and printmaker William Blake. Created circa 1803–1805, the drawing has been held in London's Tate gallery since 1949. It is likely a visionary and hallucinatory summary of scenes from Chapters 4 and 5 of the Book of Revelation when the throne of God was presented to the prophet Saint John the Divine.

Saint John described the scene,
before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal... round about... were four beasts full of eyes... The four and twenty elders fall down before him... and worship him that liveth for ever and ever.

Blake's depiction was created as part of a commission of biblical watercolours for his friend and patron Thomas Butts. The artist began to work on Butts's series around 1800. For stylistic reasons—including the use of pencil instead of pen and ink—it is generally believed by scholars that Blake began work on the piece sometime in 1803. Paintings and drawings from the series are typically characterised by intense displays of colour and The Four and Twenty Elders is generally held as one of the most vivid examples of Blake's output from the period.

In this watercolour, Blake arranges the various elements and characters from the biblical text in a highly symmetrical and organised manner. God is pictured sitting on his throne at the center of the panel and portrayed as an ancient figure with a long and broad white beard, dressed in red clothing. The Deity holds a book or scroll in his right hand, according to scripture, "written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals', while his left hand is raised in a gesture of benediction and blessing. His throne is enclosed by a rainbow which radiates from below a pointed Gothic arch formed from the wings of angels. Before the throne is a slain lamb, "having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth". The lamb's seven horns are represented by seven spikes fanned above his corpse, while the seven cherubic heads beneath him allude to the "seven Spirits of God". Each cherub is crowned by a tongued flame, a reference to the "seven lamps of fire" described in Revelation 4.5.

In Revelation, Saint John wrote,
And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and upon the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white raiment: and they had on their heads crowns of gold.

A row of twelve white-clad bearded figures float on either side of the Deity, although only four figures from each row are visible to the viewer of the panel. Each figure bends towards God, in adoration, to lay a golden crown at his feet. Above the head of God are the Four Beasts, "full of eyes before and behind". Above and to the left of God perches the Eagle, opposite of whom is the Lion. Both are portrayed with the pallor of death and both are situated beneath the distorted heads of monstrous birds and animals. The Ox and Angel are positioned behind the throne and peer outwards, according to the Blake collector W. Graham Robertson, "dimly [and] half hidden in the pale crimson and violet rays which emanate from the central figure, and shoot up to meet and be absorbed in the  rainbow."

There are many uses of numerical symbolism in The Four and Twenty Elders, and according to the Blake scholar Martin Myrone, "the way, as with [Blake's] Ezekiel's Wheels, that multiples and unities meld into one another, underpinned Blakes own poetic conceptions."

The painting was first passed to Butts and upon his death was bequeathed to his son. In 1906, it passed to W. Graham Robertson for £6,720. Following Robertson's passing, the panel was sold at auction at Christie's to the Tate in 1949, with financial assistance from the National Art Collections Fund.

Notes

References
 Myrone, Martin. The Blake Book. London: Tate, 2007.
 Raine, Kathleen. William Blake. London: Thames and Hudson, 1988 [1951].
 Robertson, W. Graham. The Blake Collection of W. Graham Robertson. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1952.

External links
 Fuseli, Blake and the Romantic Imagination, 15 February-1 May 2006, Tate

1805 paintings
Art by William Blake
Collection of the Tate galleries
Watercolor paintings
Paintings based on the Book of Revelation
Paintings of gods
Angels in art
Eagles in art
Lions in art
God the Father in art


Lioness is a Canadian indie rock dance band formed in January 2007 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

History
The band was formed by Ronnie Morris and Jeff Scheven, former rhythm section of controller.controller (Paper Bag Records) and No Dynamics' vocalist Vanessa Magic. Lioness released their debut self-titled EP, Lioness on October 21, 2008 on New Romantic.

Playing in low-key after-hours sets in off-the-radar locales in Toronto has led to supporting appearances with Hercules and Love Affair, !!!, You Say Party! We Say Die! and k-os.

Their sound combines dark disco grooves of Scheven's heavy drumming with Morris' unique bass sound and is conspicuous for its lack of guitars. Magic draws upon jazz, old soul and blues, roaring over layers of electronic squall. On stage, they are a synthesis of electronic rock band and performance art project, a drum and bass wall of sound bathed in red light.

In 2009, Lioness took part in an interactive documentary series called City Sonic.  The series, which featured 20 Toronto artists, had them talk about Toronto’s Masonic Temple and the band's attraction to the mystery of the Freemasons.

Members

Current
Vanessa Magic (2007–present)
Ronnie Morris (2007–present)
Jeff Scheven (2007–present)

Discography
 Lioness EP, 2008
 Omens, Oracles & Signs - Vol. 1, 2009
 Omens, Oracles & Signs - Vol. 2, 2010
 The Golden Killer, 2012

See also

Music of Canada
Canadian rock
List of Canadian musicians
List of bands from Canada
:Category:Canadian musical groups

References

External links
 Lioness Myspace
 New Romantic

Musical groups established in 2007
Canadian indie rock groups
Musical groups from Toronto
2007 establishments in Ontario


The Cunningham Inside-Drive Limousine-146-A was manufactured by the Cunningham Carriage Company which produced luxury automobiles between 1908 and 1931.

Cunningham Inside-Drive Limousine-146-A specifications (1926 data)

 Color – Optional
 Seating Capacity – Seven
 Wheelbase – 142 inches
 Wheels – Wire, wood, or disc
 Tires - 33” x 6.75” balloon
 Service Brakes – 4-wheel Perrot-Bendix servo-expand
 Engine  - Eight cylinder, V-type, 90°, cast en bloc, 3-3/4 x 5 inches; head removable; valves in side; H.P. 45 N.A.C.C. rating
 Lubrication – Full force feed
 Crankshaft - Three bearing
 Radiator – Cellular
 Cooling – Water pump
 Ignition – Storage Battery
 Starting System – Two Unit
 Voltage – Six
 Wiring System – Single
 Gasoline System – Vacuum
 Clutch – Dry multiple disc
 Transmission – Selective sliding
 Gear Changes – 4 forward, 1 reverse
 Drive – Spiral bevel
 Rear Springs – Three-quarter elliptic
 Rear Axle – Full-floating
 Steering Gear – Worm and gear

Standard equipment
New car price included the following items:
 tools
 speedometer
 ammeter
 voltmeter
 motometer
 ignition theft lock
 automatic windshield cleaner
 spare wheels
 power tire pump
 shock absorbers
 spot light
 front bumper
 spare tire carriers
 luggage rack
 clock
 closed cars have smoking case, vanity cases, and dome light

Prices
New car prices were F.O.B. factory, plus Tax:
 Roadster - $6150 ($78,878.46 in 2012)
 Four Passenger Touring - $6150 ($78,878.46 in 2012)
 Six Passenger Touring - $6650 ($85,291.34 in 2012)
 Seven Passenger Touring - $6650 ($85,291.34 in 2012)
 Four Passenger Sedan - $7600 ($97,475.82 in 2012)
 Inside-Drive Limousine - $8100 ($103,888.70 in 2012)
 Inside-Drive Cabriolet - $8100 ($103,888.70 in 2012)
 French Brougham - $8100 ($103,888.70 in 2012)
 Cabriolet - $8100 ($103,888.70 in 2012)

See also
 Cunningham automobile

References
Source:

Cars of the United States


Give Us A Break was a 1995 album by Russian folk rock group Limpopo, who later became the Red Elvises.

Track listing

When My Dear Mother Was Seeing Me Off to The Army
Volga Boatmen
Half-Moon
Soldiers, The Brave Lads
Rowanberry Tree
Seni
Steppe
Odessa-Mama
Epic Song
Along the Street
By the Meadow
Nagaika
Wooden Log
Lemons Odessa-Mama
Luchina
Down Along the River

External links
 Official site

1995 albums
Red Elvises albums


Gruzino may refer to:
Gruzino estate, an estate in Novgorod Oblast, Russia
Gruzino (rural locality), name of several rural localities in Russia


The basement of the White House, the Washington, D.C., residence and workplace of the president of the United States, is located under the North Portico and includes the White House carpenters' shop, engineers' shop, bowling alley, flower shop, and dentist office, among other areas.

The White House Situation Room is located in the basement beneath the West Wing.

History
During World War II, a bomb shelter was constructed under the East Wing, later converted into the Presidential Emergency Operations Center.

The sub-basement was added during the reconstruction of the White House under Harry S. Truman. It contains storage space, the laundry, elevator control machinery, the water softener, and incinerator, as well as dressing rooms for White House performers.

Dwight Eisenhower made the first White House television broadcast from a special room in the basement in 1953, though the "broadcast room" was soon divided for other purposes.

A bowling alley was added by Richard Nixon in 1973. There had previously been a bowling alley in the West Wing, built for President Truman in 1947, which had been moved to the Old Executive Office Building in 1955.

After the Recording Industry Association of America suggested that the White House Library should be expanded to include sound recordings, that trade group donated over 2,200 LPs during the Nixon and Carter administrations; when Ronald Reagan took office, the collection was moved to the White House basement, where it is still located.

References

Further reading
Seale, William. The President's House. Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, 1987.

External links

 Basement and Sub-basement from whitehousemuseum.org, an unofficial website about the White House

basement
Subterranea of the United States
Continuity of government in the United States


Maria Rosario Rivera Silayan-Bailon (July 8, 1959 – April 23, 2006), also known as Chat Silayan, was a Filipino actress and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1980 crown and became the third runner-up at Miss Universe 1980. A year after her stint in Miss Universe, her acting career began and she became one of the most popular and acclaimed actresses in the Philippines. She was the daughter of theatre and movie actor Vic Silayan and the aunt of Victor Silayan. She retired from acting in 2003 and became active in church activities and worked as a part-time announcer and host for The 700 Club Asia.

Career
In May 1989, Silayan co-hosted the 37th FAMAS Awards with Roy Alvarez.

Illness and death
In 2004, Silayan's battle with the Big C started in April when she underwent surgery on her colon, one foot of which was cut. For a while, she felt relief, only for the pain to recur a year later. Her doctors told her she had only one year to live.

On April 23, 2006, she died at St. Luke's Hospital in Quezon City at age of 46.

She is survived by her three children, Victor (from her relationship with an Italian director); and Timothy and Michaela (with her widower Mike)

Filmography

Film

Television
Noli Me Tángere - Sinang
Esperanza (1997–1999) - Ester
The 700 Club Asia - TV host
Student Canteen
Swerte sa Siete
Maalaala Mo Kaya

References

1959 births
2006 deaths
Binibining Pilipinas winners
Burials at the Manila Memorial Park – Sucat
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from cancer in the Philippines
Filipino Christians
Filipino evangelicals
Filipino film actresses
Filipino Pentecostals
Filipino television actresses
Filipino television evangelists
Filipino television personalities
Miss Universe 1980 contestants


"Spark" is a song by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos, released by Atlantic and EastWest as the first single from Amos' fourth studio album, From the Choirgirl Hotel (1998).

Background
Amos wrote "Spark" after suffering a miscarriage. She discussed the song in an article from Q magazine in May 1998.

Critical reception
British magazine Music Week wrote, "Tori bursts back onto the scene with this powerful first single from her forthcoming album From the Choirgirl Hotel. Her trademark piano is there but the addition of a band, drums, loops and electronic effects add a further dimension. It's a very fine, multi-layered song which will see her first return to the chart sinoe the "Professional Widow" remix smash."

Music video
Amos requested the video for "Spark" to be directed by James Brown, who originally had a different idea for the video that Amos disliked; she requested wanting something "where a girl has a will to live." The video was shot in Dartmoor, South West England and took three days to finish.

Track listings

 US CD and cassette single
 "Spark" (album version) – 4:12
 "Purple People" – 3:41

 US maxi-CD single
 "Spark"
 "Purple People"
 "Bachelorette"

 UK CD1 and Australian CD single
 "Spark"
 "Purple People (Christmas in Space)"
 "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
 "Bachelorette"

 UK CD2
 "Spark"
 "Do It Again"
 "Cooling"

Charts

Release history

References

External links
 The Dent: Spark single

Tori Amos songs
1998 singles
1998 songs
Atlantic Records singles
East West Records singles


Castle Caereinion railway station is a railway station on the  narrow gauge Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway in Mid Wales. It serves the nearby village of Castle Caereinion and lies  from the  terminus. The station was opened on 6 April 1903.

The station was an important intermediate stop and had a signal box that still survives. The level crossing over the B4385 has been automated since 2015. The Great Western Railway withdrew passenger services on 9 February 1931. and the line closed completely on 3 November 1956. By 1963 the line had a passenger service restored by the Welshpool and Llanfair Railway. The station officially reopened on 6 April 1963, however due to damage caused by floods to the Banwy Bridge it was closed between 28 September 1964 and 14 August 1965.

Two platforms are present and a passing loop that sees occasional use. The main platform is raised whilst the other is at ground level.

References
Notes

Sources

 Rushton, Gordon (2015). The Welshpool & Llanfair Railway  Travellers's Guide. Llanfair Caereinion : Welshpool & Llanfair Railway.

External links
 Video footage of Castle Caereinion station
 3 minutes from Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion

Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
Heritage railway stations in Powys
Former Cambrian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1903
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1931
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1963


Kálmán Markovits (August 26, 1931 – December 5, 2009) was a Hungarian water polo player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics,  1956 Summer Olympics, and 1960 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Budapest.

Markovits was part of the Hungarian team which won the gold medal in the 1952 tournament. He played six matches and scored three goals.

Four years later he was a member of the Hungarian team which won again the gold medal in the 1956 Olympic tournament. He played six matches and scored at least three goals (not all scorers are known).

At the 1960 Games he won the bronze medal with the Hungarian team. He played four matches and scored one goal.

See also
 Hungary men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of Olympic champions in men's water polo
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
 Blood in the Water match

External links

1931 births
2009 deaths
Hungarian male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Hungary
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Hungary
Olympic bronze medalists for Hungary
Olympic medalists in water polo
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players from Budapest


Cortinarius collinitus, commonly known as the belted slimy cortinarius, is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.

Description
The cap is 3–9 cm in diameter, convex to flat in shape, with a sticky, gelatinous surface (in moist conditions). The gills are adnexed, close, and pallid or pale violet in color. The stipe is typically 6–12 cm long and 1–1.5 cm thick, solid, equal, and has transverse scaly-looking bands. The spore print, like most Cortiniarius species, is rusty-brown. The edibility for this species was unknown, but it is now considered inedible.

See also
List of Cortinarius species

References

External links
Medicinal Mushrooms description and medicinal properties
Roger's Mushrooms description

collinitus
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of North America
Fungi described in 1838
Inedible fungi


Showdown is a sport for the blind and visually impaired which could be described as the blind community's answer to air hockey, or table tennis. It is growing very quickly around the world. It is also played by sighted players, but they are not allowed to participate in the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) tournaments. Showdown is widely spread in Europe, but it's also played in: Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. After the success of Showdown at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics, representatives from more than thirty countries contacted the International Blind Sports Federation Showdown Subcommittee. They wanted information about equipment, blueprints, and rules so they could play this game in their country. Currently, the IBSA Showdown Sub-committee is encouraging regional and national Showdown Tournaments in an effort to have international championships which, hopefully, will lead to sanctioning by the Paralympics.

Equipment

The sport is comparatively inexpensive to start up, requires minimal maintenance, and can be played in a room the size of a classroom. The only equipment needed is the specially designed table, two paddles, a special ball into which BBs have been inserted to make it audible, opaque goggles, and a glove to protect the batting hand. The table can be disassembled and stored away after play if necessary.

How to play the game

The game is played by 2 players, on a rectangular table with a centre board screen, and goal pockets on either short sides. The objective of the game is to bat the ball across the table, under the centreboard screen, into the opponent's goal, while the opponent tries to prevent this from happening. The players have to wear eye protection, to ensure that they won't be able to see the ball. Play is always initiated with a serve. To serve correctly, players must hit the ball so that it bounces off the side wall of the table exactly once, before passing under the centre screen. If not performed correctly, 1 point will be awarded to the opponent. Each player serves two times in a row. A player scores two points for a goal and one point when their opponent hits the ball into the screen, hits the ball off the table, touches the ball with the bat or the batting hand within the goal area, touches the ball with anything but the bat, or traps or stops the ball for more than 2 seconds, making the ball inaudible for the opponent. One point is also awarded to the opponent if a player touches his or her eye protection without first asking permission.
Matches are usually played in 3 sets, best of 2 wins. The first player to reach 11 points, leading by 2 or more points  wins the set. The exceptions are semifinals, and  finals where best of 3 sets wins. Players will change sides after each set in match play. In the last set of the match the players will switch sides after 6 points are scored by 1 player or after half of stop time has expired. Spectators must be quiet during play, so as not to interfere with the players ability to hear the ball. Cheering is however allowed after the referee has whistled.

History

In the 1960s, Joe Lewis, a totally blind Canadian, wanted to find a sport specifically designed so that individuals with visual impairments or blindness could play without sighted assistance. He ended up inventing the game of Showdown, which now is played by the visually impaired, as well as by the sighted, all over the world. Over the years, Patrick York, a totally blind, Canadian athlete, has collaborated with Lewis on refinements to the rules and equipment. Additional rules have evolved from different parts of the world to make the game what it is today.
Showdown was an international success at its debut as a recreational sport during the 1980 Olympiad for the Physically Disabled in Arnhem, the Netherlands . International interest was sparked and Showdown was played recreationally at the: 1984 Olympics for the Disabled in Long Island, USA; 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea; 1990 World Youth Games in St. Etienne, France; 1990 World Championships in Assen, The Netherlands; 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain; and at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, the United States. Today, Showdown is being played extensively in countries throughout Europe, and in a few countries in Africa, Asia and South America as well. In North America, where it was invented, it has been slow to cross the borders into mainstream usage.

Showdown countries

Europe

In Europe Showdown is played in at least 20 countries:
Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey.

Africa

We know that they are playing showdown in the following countries in Africa:
Ghana, Uganda, South Africa, Kenya and Morocco.
It has however proved to be really hard to get information about How many players there are, and how much they are playing.

Asia

Very little is known about the development of the sport in Asia. In The Philippines they started playing quite recently.
In South Korea is so widely played that some players have participated in some international tournaments and Jun Hyoung Kim, Dong Hyun Kim and Min Sun An was the first players in a World Championship, in 2019 in Olbia.
In Mongolia they are on their way to do it. In Barein, Kuwait they bought a table and started a few years ago. Players from Sweden have also brought the sport to the Iranian part of  Kurdistan. In China and Japan they have been playing for a few years.
Unfortunately that's all the information currently available about Asia.

North America

James Mastro is teaching people how to play showdown, or Power-Showdown, as he calls it,  in the United States. He is also building tables for it, and it is currently played in 6 different states.

Most people chose to play for more recreational purposes, making it difficult to start professional tournaments.

South America

Players from the Netherlands have brought the sport to Suriname.
In Colombia they built their first showdown table and started playing showdown in December 2009. Matthieu Juglar, a showdown player from  France has with enthusiasm helped them to get started.

Championships and tournaments

National Championships and other tournaments are held in the following countries in Europe:
Cyprus, The Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, The Netherlands, The Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland.
The first official IBSA world championship was held in Stockholm, Sweden in August 2009, and included participants from: Canada, The Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iran, Italy, Morocco, The Netherlands, Poland, The Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United States. The last World Championship was in Olbia (Italy) from September, 30 to October 6, 2019. The current World champions are: Adrian Sloninka (Poland) and Elzbieta Mielzcarek (Poland).

References

External links
IBSA web page
the official website for Showdown in Sweden
The official German Showdown Website / Offizielle deutsche Showdown-Webseite
The official Swiss Showdown Website / Offizielle Schweizer Showdown-Webseite
Italian showdown website

Showdown


Lotus japonicus is a wild legume that belongs to family Fabaceae. Members of this family are very diverse, constituting about 20,000 species. They are of significant agricultural and biological importance as many of the legume species are rich sources of protein and oil and can also fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Lotus japonicus has become a model plant for genome studies in legumes, particularly in reference to rhizobial and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Small genome size of about 470 Mb, diploid genome with 6 haploid chromosomes, a short life cycle of about 2 to 3 months and its perennial nature makes it a convenient plant to study.

Lotus japonicus does have several similar characteristics to the legume Medicago truncatula, but they are phylogenetically different and exhibit two different development systems for nodulation. L. japonicus has determinate nodules.

References

japonicus


Zelenyi Bir is a small village in Fastiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast of central Ukraine. It belongs to Hlevakha settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Zelenyi Bir has 794 inhabitants.

History
Zelenyi Bir was founded in 1950 as collective farm. It was a village for the workers of a chicken farm. There are two shops, a school, a daycare, a post-office and an ambulance station. Near Zelenyi Bir there are three ponds.

Until 18 July 2020, Zelenyi Bir belonged to Vasylkiv Raion. The raion was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven. The area of Vasylkiv Raion was split between Bila Tserkva, Fastiv, and Obukhiv Raions, with Zelenyi Bir being transferred to Fastiv Raion.

Transportation
There are two busses serving Zelenyi Bir: one goes to the Glevaha railway station, the other to Kyiv. It is 5 km to the railway station and 20 km to Kyiv. A ticket to Glevaha costs 2 hrivnas and one to Kyiv is 5 hrivnas.

References

External links
 Учётная карточка на сайте Верховной рады
 Погода в п. Зелёный Бор

Villages in Fastiv Raion


Michael Ryderstedt (born 12 November 1984) is a former professional tennis player from Sweden.

Ryderstedt was born in Stockholm.  In August 2001, at the Fischer Junior Open he captured the doubles title with Dudi Sela of Israel.

His best accomplishment on the ATP tour until 2011 is his semifinal at the 2004 If Stockholm Open, where he was defeated by that year's eventual winner Thomas Johansson.

Ryderstedt's highest singles ranking was World No. 130 (July 2005) and his highest doubles ranking was World No. 154 (June 2009). In October 2012, Ryderstedt announced his retirement from tennis.

ATP career finals

Doubles: 1 (0–1)

Challenger Singles titles

Challenger Doubles titles

Runners-up (6)

References

External links

Swedish male tennis players
Tennis players from Stockholm
1984 births
Living people


Afro-Iraqis are Iraqi people of African Zanj heritage. Historically, their population has concentrated in the southern port city of Basra, as Basra was the capital of the slave trade in Iraq. Afro-Iraqis speak Arabic and mostly adhere to Islam. Some Afro-Iraqis can still speak Swahili along with Arabic.

Afro-Iraqi leaders claim that there are roughly between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Afro-Iraqis, however this is not verified by official figures. Their origins date back to the time of the Arab slave trade between the 9th century AD to the 19th century AD.

Many are from the district of Zubair, descendants of the people who came to Iraq from East Africa. Some came as sailors, whereas others came as traders, immigrants, religious scholars, or enslaved people over the course of many centuries, beginning in the 9th century CE.

Mythic origins
Arab myths agree that the Cushitic king Nimrod crossed from beyond the waters of Ethiopia in the earliest times with an army, and established a civilization. Many existing sites in Iraq are still named after Nimrod. The Quran does not mention Nimrod by name, but Arab stories about Nimrod have resulted in him being referenced as a tyrant in Muslim cultures.

Jewish tradition recounts the tale of King Nimrod as well. It is stated in the book of Genesis that Nimrod was a mighty hunter of great renown and the first to build cities over the face of the world. He ruled in Mesopotamia, which includes modern-day Iraq.

Because of the legendary Nimrod's Cushitic origin (often identified with the historical Kingdom of Kush in what is today southern Egypt and northern Sudan), many believe that Afro-Iraqis now living in areas are his literal descendents. This is unlikely to be literally true for all afro-Iraqi citizens, as their presence in Iraq dates back only to the 9th century CE, whereas the Kingdom of Kush ended in the 6th century CE.

However Black Iraqis are the descendants of East African coastal Bantu peoples probably the Swahili people who were enslaved and brought to Iraq in the 9th century during the Arab slave trade of the Abbasid caliphate to work on agricultural fields or as laborers. Although some African migrants came to Iraq as sailors and laborers the majority were brought as slaves in the 9th century.

Social condition
The Arab Muslim institution of slavery allowed enslaved people to own land, and enslavement was not generally hereditary. Conversion to Islam sometimes enabled enslaved people to escape their condition. Skin color played a distinctive role even amongst slaves, however, and discrimination based on skin colour existed, and continues to be a problem in Iraqi society. Today, many Afro-Iraqis activists report that they are denied job opportunities on the basis of their skin colour and ethnic background. Afro-Iraqis are  well known as street musicians, as they historically experienced employment discrimination. Afro-Iraqis are also frequently called "Abeed", a pejorative meaning "slave" in Arabic.

Heritage
Most Afro-Iraqis still are able to maintain rituals related to healing that are of Zanj origin. The languages used in these rituals are Swahili and Arabic. Percussion instruments such as drums and tambourines are used in these ceremonies. Songs such as Dawa Dawa are in a syncretic mixture of Arabic and Swahili. The song, which is about curing people of illness, is used in the shtanga ceremony, for physical health. Another ceremony, called nouba, takes its name from the Arabic word for paroxysm or shift, as Sophi performers take turns at chanting and dancing to ritualistic hymns. There are also unique ceremonies to remember the dead and for occasions such as weddings. Although the vast majority of Afro-Iraqis are Muslim, a shrinking minority still practices these traditions. Few Afro-Iraqis can still speak Swahili.

Notable Afro-Iraqis

Abbas Al Harbi – Australian theatre and film director, screenwriter, playwright

See also

Afro-Arab
Afro-Iranians
Afro-Turks
Afro-Palestinians
Arab slave trade
Afro-Saudis
Swahili people
Zanj
Zanj Empire

References

External links
The hidden Black Iraq

Ethnic groups in Iraq

African diaspora in the Middle East
African diaspora in the Arab world


Orlando Tilestone Daniels (March 20, 1860 – May 21, 1927) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Annapolis County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Liberal from 1906 to 1925.

Early life
He was born in Lawrencetown, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, the son of Wellington Daniels, a farmer, and Lavinia Margeson. He was educated in Lawrencetown and at Acadia University. Daniels went on to study law with James Wilberforce Longley in Halifax, was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1885 and set up practice in Bridgetown. In 1893, he married Mary Muir. Daniels was Attorney General in the province's Executive Council from 1911 to 1922. He died in Bridgetown.

References
 Marble, AE Nova Scotians at home and abroad: biographical sketches ... (1977) p. 129
 Charlesworth, HW A cyclopædia of Canadian biography : brief biographies of persons ... (1919) p. 206

External links

1860 births
1927 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs


José Luis Santiago Vasconcelos (7 June 1957 – 4 November 2008) was a Mexican lawyer, politician and civil servant.

Santiago Vasconcelos, a native of Mexico City, earned a law degree at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). In 1993 he began working for the office of the federal Attorney-General (PGR), in the drug-trafficking control area. He was later appointed Assistant Attorney-General for Legal and International Affairs and, following that appointment, served as Assistant Attorney-General at the Organized Crime Specialized Investigation Office (SIEDO), Mexico's top anti-drug prosecutor. The last position he held was as head of the PGR's technical secretariat for implementing the recent constitutional reforms on criminal justice and public security.

He died on 4 November 2008 when the aircraft he was traveling on crashed in Mexico City. This accident also claimed the life of his friend, Secretary of the Interior Juan Camilo Mouriño.

References

External links

1957 births
2008 deaths
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Mexico
20th-century Mexican lawyers
21st-century Mexican lawyers


Smolenskaya Square () is a square in the center of Moscow. The Garden Ring crosses the square. Arbat street runs towards it and ends near the Foreign Ministry skyscraper, the main building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. The latter faces Smolenskaya square.

The name is sometimes used as a metonym for the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Russian foreign policy in general.

Squares in Moscow
Arbat District


Thelaziidae is a family of spirurian nematodes, which form the mid-sized lineage of the superfamily Thelazioidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

They number 7 genera or so, with a few dozen species all together. Mostly parasites of birds, a few have also been found in other vertebrates.

Systematics
The subfamily Oxyspirurinae is monotypic, as are several little-known genera in the Thelaziinae; these all might not be valid. All together, the systematic layout of this family is liable to change and cannot be considered more than tentative.

Subfamily Oxyspirurinae Skrjabin, 1916
 Oxyspirura Dräsche in Stossich, 1897

Subfamily Thelaziinae Skrjabin, 1915
 Ceratospira Schneider, 1866
 Hempelia Vaz, 1937
 Pancreatonema McVicar & Gibson, 1975
 Pericyema Railliet, 1925
 Thelazia Bosc in Blainville, 1819
 Thylaconema Chandler, 1929

Footnotes

References
  (2007): Family Thelaziidae. Version of 2007-AUG-07. Retrieved 2008-NOV-05.

Spirurida
Nematode families


Heniarth Halt railway station is an unstaffed halt on the narrow gauge Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway serving the hamlet of Heniarth. This station is a request halt and lies  from Welshpool's Raven Square terminus. Alighting passengers are required to step down onto the grass as there is no platform. The railway crosses the River Banwy Bridge 200 yards to the east of the halt.

Opened as Heniarth Gate on 6 April 1903 the station was renamed 'Heniarth' on 1 February 1913.

Originally the halt had a loop which catered for farm and timber traffic. The Great Western Railway withdrew passenger services on 9 February 1931. and the line closed completely on 3 November 1956. By 1963 the line had a passenger service restored by the Welshpool and Llanfair Railway.

Notes

References

 Rushton, Gordon (2015). The Welshpool & Llanfair Railway  Travellers's Guide. Llanfair Caereinion : Welshpool & Llanfair Railway.

External links
 Video footage of Heniarth Halt.
 3 minutes from Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion

Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
Heritage railway stations in Powys
Former Cambrian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1903
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1931
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1963


Summerfield, also known as Valley Creek, is an unincorporated community in Dallas County, Alabama.  Summerfield has one historic district included on the National Register of Historic Places, the Summerfield District.  Most of the community was annexed into Valley Grande following its incorporation as a city in 2003. Summerfield was the home of the Centenary Institute, a school operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, from 1829 until the 1880s.

Demographics

Summerfield was listed as an incorporated community in the 1890 U.S. Census with a population of 383, making it the second largest community in Dallas County after Selma. It was not listed on any subsequent censuses.

Notable people
James Osgood Andrew, bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church, resided here during the American Civil War
Robert Kennon Hargrove, lived here while president of Centenary Institute from 1865 to 1867
Richard H. Rivers, lived here while president of Centenary Institute

References

Unincorporated communities in Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Dallas County, Alabama


Miklós (Nick) Martin (June 29, 1931March 25, 2019) was a Hungarian water polo player who competed in the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics. He was born in Budapest. He died in Pasadena, CA.

Biography
Martin was part of the Hungarian team which won the gold medals in the 1952 and the 1956  tournaments. He played two matches, including the "Blood in the Water" semi-final match against the Soviet Union, and scored five goals.  His name is often left out of the 1956 Olympics because he defected to the United States immediately after the games, along with numerous fellow Olympians, and the communist party of Hungary at the time omitted him. In all, the U.S. State Department granted asylum to 34 of the Hungarian athletes.

In June 2012, the magazine Sports Illustrated published a detailed account of the Hungarian defections that resulted from the Soviet Union's involvement in Hungary. The magazine itself played a key role in facilitating a secret plan to bring defecting Olympians to the United States. When the Hungarian delegation touched down in Darwin, Australia, Martin, one of the only athletes who read English, found a newspaper in the transit lounge and shared its reports. He became one of the primary spokespeople for the group.

As the best English speaker among the Hungarian Olympians who defected, Martin found himself quoted so often that he feared he would be punished as a ringleader if he were to return to Hungary. So, with an art history master's degree from the University of Budapest, he enrolled at the University of Southern California but played only one semester of water polo because he found the sport there "too Mickey Mouse." He was the first person to receive a water polo scholarship to USC. Instead he buckled down, earned his B.A. in French in three terms and, after earning a Ph.D. in Romance languages at Princeton on a Woodrow Wilson scholarship, became a professor. "The U.S. of that period was a land of endless opportunities," he says, "but my teaching career has been like an avalanche, straight down -- from Princeton to USC to Pasadena City College." Although retired from full-time teaching and over 80, he was still an adjunct professor of French at PCC and swam a mile each day. "PCC has a gorgeous pool," he says, "and I have the key."

In 2006, Colin K. Gray and Megan Raney directed "Freedom's Fury", a film about the 1956 Olympic water polo semi-final match between Hungary and the U.S.S.R. Nick Martin appears as himself.

In 2012, Martin participated in a video interview held at PCC’s Aquatic Center as part of an in-depth feature by CNN/SI on the 1956 Hungarian Olympic team.

Martin retired as an associate professor in the French department of Pasadena City College. He was a full-time faculty member for 44 years, and spent 27 years as head coach of the Pasadena City College men's water polo team.

See also
 Hungary men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of Olympic champions in men's water polo
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
 Blood in the Water match

References

http://www.pasadena.edu/news/newsItem.cfm?ID=4439
http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1200409/1/index.htm
http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/feature_2/Beijing_Sister_Cities/Helsinki/Featured_Pictures_of_Helsinki/t917883.htm
http://www.americanhungarianfederation.org/FamousHungarians/images/vizilabda_1952_lg.jpg
http://www.americanhungarianfederation.org/FamousHungarians/images/vizilabda_1956_lg.jpg
http://www.h2opolo.be/geschiedenis/WP_1952_OS.html
http://www.waterpololegends.com/2009/04/1952-helsinki-golden-hungarian-team.html

External links

1931 births
2019 deaths
Water polo players from Budapest
Hungarian male water polo players
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Olympic water polo players for Hungary
Olympic gold medalists for Hungary
Pasadena City College faculty
Princeton University alumni
University of Southern California alumni
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in water polo
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
20th-century Hungarian people
21st-century Hungarian people


"There you go again" was a phrase spoken during the second presidential debate of 1980 by Republican presidential candidate Ronald Reagan to his Democratic opponent, incumbent President Jimmy Carter. Reagan would use the line in a few debates over the years, always in a way intended to disarm his opponent.

"There you go again" emerged as a defining phrase of the 1980 presidential election. The phrase has endured in the political lexicon in news headlines, as a way to quickly imply that an opponent is engaged in hyperbole or even hysterical comments.

Context
The second debate between Reagan and Carter of the 1980 presidential election year was held (October 28) a week before Election Day by the League of Women Voters. At one point, Carter went on the offensive against Reagan's record regarding Medicare.

President Carter: These constant suggestions that the basic Social Security System should be changed does call for concern and consternation among the aged of our country. It is obvious that we should have a commitment to them, that Social Security benefits should not be taxed and that there would be no peremptory change in the standards by which Social Security payments are made to retired people...  Governor Reagan, as a matter of fact, began his political career campaigning around this nation against Medicare. Now, we have an opportunity to move toward national health insurance, with an emphasis on the prevention of disease, an emphasis on out-patient care, not in-patient care; an emphasis on hospital cost containment to hold down the cost of hospital care for those who are ill, an emphasis on catastrophic health insurance, so that if a family is threatened with being wiped out economically because of a very high medical bill, then the insurance would help pay for it. These are the kinds of elements of a national health insurance, important to the American people. Governor Reagan, again, typically is against such a proposal.

(Moderator) Howard K. Smith: Governor?

Governor Reagan: There you go again. When I opposed Medicare, there was another piece of legislation meeting the same problem before the Congress. I happened to favor the other piece of legislation and thought that it would be better for the senior citizens and provide better care than the one that was finally passed. I was not opposing the principle of providing care for them. I was opposing one piece of legislation versus another.

However, Carter's criticism was based on Reagan's actual record. Regardless, Reagan's charismatic delivery of his iconic retort defined the narrative of the exchange in the post-debate news cycles. Reagan's portrayal of his past positions during the debate, and characterization of Carter's criticisms as hyperbolic, were widely reiterated uncritically by the majority of news media at the time; as was Reagan's casting of Carter himself as mean-spirited.

An Associated Press article from 2008 stated:
Reagan was a master at capturing a debate moment that everyone will remember. His 'there you go again' line defused his opponent's attack.

Later use
Reagan used the phrase during the first Presidential Debate in 1984 against Walter Mondale.

Reagan sometimes used the phrase during his presidential press conferences.

In the 2008 vice presidential debate, Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin used the line on her Democratic opponent Joe Biden.

During the 2012 presidential election, former President Bill Clinton paraphrased the line after criticizing the policies of the Republican platform by saying, "There they go again."

In the 2016 vice presidential debate, Republican vice presidential nominee Mike Pence used the line "There they go again" in responding to Democratic vice presidential nominee Tim Kaine's statement that Pence was a "chief cheerleader for the privatization of social security."

References

External links
Reagan interview regarding the debate
Clip (YouTube)
Reagan uses the line in a 1984 presidential debate (YouTube)

Political terminology of the United States
American political catchphrases
Political quotes
Ronald Reagan
United States presidential debates
1980 neologisms
Quotations from television


Marion Junction, also known as Bridges, is an unincorporated community in Dallas County, Alabama.

It is west of Selma, Ala., and south of Marion, Ala.

A site near Marion Junction known as Harrell Station is an important paleontological site where dinosaur and many other fossil species have been found.

References

Unincorporated communities in Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Dallas County, Alabama


Beattock railway station was a station which served the village of Beattock, in the parish of Kirkpatrick-Juxta in the Scottish county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was served by trains on what was originally the Caledonian Main Line, and is now known as the West Coast Main Line. Between 1881 and 1964, Beattock was also the junction for the short branch line to . Following closure in 1972, the nearest station is at Lockerbie.

History

Opened by the Caledonian Railway, it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. It survived the closures in the 1960s, being closed as part of the electrification of the West Coast Main Line, the reason being mentioned by O.S Nock in his book as "the very small amount of traffic currently using it would not warrant the necessary rebuilding and safety improvements to allow electric trains to call."

In steam days, Beattock was of some importance is railway terms, as it was common practice for northbound trains to stop there in order for a bank engine to be added to the train, and assist them for the  climb to Beattock Summit. Because of the importance of Beattock Summit, the main line route between London and Glasgow became known as ‘via Beattock’ in order to differentiate it from the East Coast Main Line, As late as the mid-1960s there were over 150 staff employed by the railway at Beattock.

The station features in the novel The Thirty-Nine Steps, written by John Buchan. Richard Hannay walks to the station from Moffat, before catching a night-train south to England. There is a short story "Beattock for Moffatt" by Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham about a Scotsman with consumption hoping to reach Beattock before he dies.

Current operations
Trains pass at speed on the electrified West Coast Main Line. The remnants of the station are still visible on the site. Following the trackwork associated with the electrification work, Beattock retained the down loop, and an up loop was created.

Reopening campaign
There is an active campaign to reopen Beattock station.

References

Notes

Sources

External links
 RAILSCOT on Caledonian Railway
 RAILSCOT on Moffat Railway
 Beattock railway station on navigable OS map
 Jessie's Tunnel

Disused railway stations in Dumfries and Galloway
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1847
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1972
Former Caledonian Railway stations
1847 establishments in Scotland
William Tite railway stations
1972 disestablishments in Scotland


In mathematics, in the area of quantum information geometry, the Bures metric (named after Donald Bures) or Helstrom metric (named after Carl W. Helstrom) defines an infinitesimal distance between density matrix operators defining quantum states. It is a quantum generalization of the Fisher information metric, and is identical to the Fubini–Study metric when restricted to the pure states alone.

Definition
The Bures metric  may be defined as

where  is Hermitian 1-form operator implicitly given by

which is a special case of a continuous Lyapunov equation.

Some of the applications of the Bures metric include that given a target error, it allows the calculation of the minimum number of measurements to distinguish two different states and the use of the volume element as a candidate for the Jeffreys prior  probability density for mixed quantum states.

Bures distance
The Bures distance is the finite version of the infinitesimal square distance described above and is given
by

where the fidelity function is defined
as

Another associated function is the Bures arc also known as Bures angle,  Bures length or quantum angle, defined as

which is a measure of the statistical distance
between quantum states.

Wootters distance
When both density operators are diagonal (so that they are just classical probability distributions), then let  and similarly , then the fidelity iswith the Bures length becoming the Wootters distance . The Wootters distance is the geodesic distance between the probability distributions  under the chi-squared metric .

Perform a change of variables with , then the chi-squared metric becomes . Since , the points  are restricted to move on the positive quadrant of a unit hypersphere. So, the geodesics are just the great circles on the hypersphere, and we also obtain the Wootters distance formula.

If both density operators are pure states, , then the fidelity is , and we obtain the quantum version of Wootters distance

.

In particular, the Bures distance between any two orthogonal states is .

Quantum Fisher information
The Bures metric can be seen as the quantum equivalent of the Fisher information metric and can be rewritten in terms of the variation of coordinate parameters as

which holds as long as  and  have the same rank. In cases where they do not have the same rank, there is an additional term on the right hand side.
 is the Symmetric logarithmic derivative operator (SLD) defined from

In this way, one has

where the quantum Fisher metric (tensor components) is identified as

The definition of the SLD implies that the quantum Fisher metric is 4 times the Bures metric. In other words, given that  are components of the Bures metric tensor, one has

As it happens with the classical Fisher information metric, the quantum Fisher metric can be used to find the Cramér–Rao bound of the covariance.

Explicit formulas
The actual computation of the Bures metric is not evident from the definition, so, some formulas were developed for that purpose. For 2x2 and 3x3 systems, respectively, the quadratic form of the Bures metric is calculated as

For general systems, the Bures metric can be written in terms of the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the density matrix  as

as an integral,

or in terms of Kronecker product and vectorization,

where  denotes complex conjugate, and  denotes conjugate transpose. This formula holds for invertible density matrices. For non-invertible density matrices, the inverse above is substituted by the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. Alternatively, the expression can be also computed by performing a limit on a certain mixed and thus invertible state.

Two-level system
The state of a two-level system can be parametrized with three variables as

where  is the vector of Pauli matrices and  is the (three-dimensional) Bloch vector satisfying .
The components of the Bures metric in this parametrization can be calculated as
.
The Bures measure can be calculated by taking the square root of the determinant to find

which can be used to calculate the Bures volume as

Three-level system
The state of a three-level system can be parametrized with eight variables as

where  are the eight Gell-Mann matrices and  the 8-dimensional Bloch vector satisfying certain constraints.

See also
 Fubini–Study metric
 Fidelity of quantum states
 Fisher information
 Fisher information metric

References

Further reading

Quantum information science


Death Bell () is a 2008 Korean horror slasher film. The only Korean horror film released over the summer of 2008, it is the first feature by former music video director Chang, who also co-wrote the screenplay. Death Bell stars Lee Beom-soo in his first horror film role, and K-pop singer Nam Gyu-ri in her acting debut. Set in a Korean high school, the film's native title refers to gosa, the important midterm exams that all students are required to sit. It is later followed by a stand-alone sequel Death Bell 2: Bloody Camp.

Plot
A group of 20 high school students partake in an elite class to prepare for a college exam. Among them are the rebellious Kang I-na, her best friend Yoon Myong-heo, and the class clown Kang Hyun, who harbors an affection for I-na. A few days after incidents involving a student, Beom sees a ghost haunt his paper, and class teacher Hwang Chang-wook discovers scars on his hand. The class is interrupted by a TV showing the top-ranking student, Min Hye-yeong, being trapped in a glass being slowly filled with water. A voice over the PA system announces they are part of a death game with questions that will be posed to the class; failure to answer them in time will lead to the student's death. It also warns them and their two teachers, Hwang Chang-wook and Choi So-yeong, against leaving the school. The class fails to solve the first question to save Hye-yeong.

Despite the warning, the class tries to leave, only to find that a teacher and hall monitor, Mr. Lee, was beaten to death, leaving only security Mr. Kim to guard them. The students split up and tried to answer the questions while also attempting to find a way out. Several students die in brutal death games set up by a mysterious woman as the class solves all the puzzles late, though they later notice that each puzzle contains clue pertaining to a student, Kim Ji-won who died earlier that year under mysterious circumstances. I-na discovers students are dying according to their ranking on the last test. Beom, who earlier tried to strangle I-na and was put in a mental facility, escapes and attempts to kill I-na, but Hyun shields her from the attack and dies. Chang-wook then kills Beom. I-na discovers to her horror that Myong-heo has also been kidnapped by the woman. They succeed in solving the trap, but the killer still kills her by dropping her from the roof, and Chang-wook climbs the roof and strangles the woman to death.

A memorial is held for the students killed, and then I-na is kidnapped unnoticed. One final question is posed: whoever killed his daughter step forward and confess. The person in question, a now-demented Chang-wook, reveals himself and is killed by the mastermind, who turns out to be Kim. I-na is then freed by So-yeong.

Flashbacks reveal that Kim's daughter, Kim Ji-won, worked hard to enter the elite class. However, the parents of the killed students bribed Chang-wook for the entrance test answers, giving them an unfair advantage. After being disqualified and finding out about the plot, Ji-won confronted Chang-wook, and he kills her to cover up his misconduct. Since Ji-won's death, the life of her parents fell apart as the family home was seized by loan sharks. Out of rage, he murdered the loan sharks and, along with his wife, planned their revenge. The sole witness to the incident, Beom, slowly became mad as he felt that Ji-won had been haunting him ever since. Kim and his wife (the woman who hung Myong-heo) find this from the cellphone of their daughters, who had been recording while being strangled, and decide to kill Chang-wook and all the students whose parents they deem responsible for their daughter's death.

The film closes with I-na seeing that she topped the class ranking, and it is implied that Beom's attacks were due to her being possessed by Ji-won since the beginning.

Cast

Production
Shot on HD video with a budget of ₩1.3 billion, Death Bell is the feature film directorial debut of Chang, a former music video director, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Kim Eun-kyeong. The film also marks the acting debut of Nam Gyu-ri, a former singer with K-pop trio SeeYa, and stars veteran comic actor Lee Beom-soo in his first horror film role.

Release
The only Korean horror film to be released in the summer of 2008, Death Bell made its premiere in July 2008 at the 12th Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival. Post-production on the film had been rushed in order to have it ready for the festival, and director Chang had to apologise for the poor state in which it was shown.

Death Bell was released on DVD on 8 November 2008. Asian film specialist, Terracotta Distribution, released the film in the UK on DVD in October 2011.

Reception

Critical response
Derek Elley of Variety found Death Bell to have a "neat concept" with "enough shocks and gore to keep genre addicts contented", and commented, "After a fairly conventional half-hour setup, the pic keeps the tension high with tight cutting and a no-flab script that ups the student body count in some especially inventive ways. Solution to the whodunit is less convincing than the lead-up, with a finale that doesn't deliver on expectations. But the journey there is fine, with Lee, better known for comedy, interestingly cast as the students' tough prof." Kyu Hyun Kim of Koreanfilm.org was more critical of the film, saying, "Death Bell annoyingly combines prettified, slick visual filmmaking (but with no real depth) and gag-inducing torture porn excesses: it's simultaneously tepid and lackluster on the one hand and gross and offensive on the other"; he also regarded the screenplay as a "fetid mess" with an unconvincing central premise, but gave credit to the performance of Lee Beom-soo. A review for Twitch also labelled the film's premise as "ridiculous", going on to say, "Lee Beom-Soo certainly tries, and the tempo keeps building decently until the end, but there's really no vibe to it. It's just a succession of tortures and murders, with no sense of surprise, no interest... [and] no thematic consciousness whatsoever".

Box office
Released on 6 August 2008 in 366 theatres nationwide, the film grossed $2,370,785 and received 575,231 admissions on its opening weekend, placing it third at the local box office. By its third week, Death Bell had climbed to second at the box office, and as of 14 September 2008 had grossed a total of $9,274,859.

Death Bell had looked set to become the second most popular Korean horror film after A Tale of Two Sisters, which attracted more than 3 million viewers in 2003; however, admissions of 1,636,149 (as of 14 September 2008) were less than those recorded by R-Point and Wishing Stairs. Nevertheless, the film attracted more than twice the number of viewers required to break even at the box office.

Accolades

Awards & Nominations

Listicles

See also
Death Bell 2: Bloody Camp

References

External links

2008 films
2008 horror films
South Korean horror films
2000s Korean-language films
South Korean slasher films
Films directed by Chang
2000s South Korean films


Semyon Bilmes  (29 August 1955) is an Azerbaijani American painter and the founder and instructor of The Ashland Academy of Art, in Ashland, Oregon, United States and Atelier Maui, in Maui, Hawaii United States.

Bilmes has achieved national recognition as an advertising, editorial, and book illustrator. Bilmes has illustrated campaigns for AT&T, CBS, General Mills, Warner Lambert, Smirnoff Vodka, Citibank, Clairol, Western Union, Alaska Airlines, and Philip Morris. His work can be found on the covers of books and periodicals such as Reader's Digest and the New York Times. His oil painting, "Lady in a red Turban", was on the cover of the annual directory of top illustrators and designers in the country, American Showcase.

Life
Semyon Bilmes was born August 29, 1955, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR.  His art education started when he was a child in youth classes where he studied fundamentals of drawing. When he reached the age of sixteen he attended the A. Azim-Zade Academy of Art in Baku (USSR) where he was trained in the Russian Academic System. Bilmes' emigrated to New York in 1980 where he also graduated from the Parsons School of Design.

As a successful artist, Bilmes founded the Bilmes Art School, where for ten years he taught art with a commercial emphasis.

Blimes later acquired and renovated a large building in Ashland, Oregon, for The Ashland Academy of Art. In 2010, Semyon with his family moved to Maui where they opened Atelier Maui. Semyon is currently teaching at Atelier Maui. .

Bilmes lives on Maui with his wife and one of his four children.

See also
 Atelier Method

References

1955 births
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
Azerbaijani painters
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Living people
Artists from Baku
American people of Azerbaijani descent
People from Ashland, Oregon
20th-century American male artists


Mount Eagle was a plantation home built by Bryan Fairfax, 8th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1789–90, south of Hunting Creek and Alexandria in Fairfax County, Virginia. It was demolished in 1968; the Huntington Metro Station and several condominium complexes were built on the property.

History
The first colonial landowner of the area that Mount Eagle would be built upon was a tavern owner, John Mathews, who received a land patent for  southwest of Hunting Creek in 1669. He eventually sold part of it to the merchant and land speculator, John Colville, of Newcastle upon Tyne, who put together a parcel of over  which he called Cleesh. When he died in 1755, he left 1000 acres of Cleesh to his brother, Thomas, for life and thereafter to his cousin's husband, Charles Bennet, 4th Earl of Tankerville. Thomas died in 1764 and named George Washington as one of his executors. Settlement of the estate took over 30 years and lasted through the American Revolution and both of Washington's terms as President of the United States. In the meantime, Bennet had died and the plantation had passed to his son, The Hon. John Astley Bennet.

In 1789 Fairfax, by now a priest in the Episcopal Church, purchased  from Bennet and built Mount Eagle, where he lived from 1790 until his death in 1802. Fairfax, a great friend of Washington, hosted Washington’s last meal away from Mount Vernon, on December 7, 1799. After the death of his wife, Jane Donaldson Fairfax, on 1 July 1805, the balance of their property was distributed amongst their heirs. His eldest son, Thomas, was executor of the estate, and began leasing out Mount Eagle with the first advertisement appearing in the Alexandria Gazette in 1806, placed by his cousin John Herbert. Herbert had either bought the property or was acting as Thomas's agent. His half-sister, Anne, and her husband filed suit in 1807 for an accounting of the estate that dragged through the courts until 1829 when it was decided against them. Herbert placed another advertisement in 1811 and his brother, William Herbert, sold the estate to Walter Jenifer six years later. Jenifer had financial problems the following year and attempted to sell Mount Eagle, but could not do so as the deed had not been recorded and the property reverted to William Herbert. He sold it to George Mason VI in 1825, but he only lived there for a few years before moving to Gunston Hall, and was only able to intermittently lease it, possibly because of its small  size.

After Mason's death in 1834, his widow attempted to sell it for many years, but found no buyers until Court Johnson bought the property in 1845. During the American Civil War, the Union Army began construction of earthworks on the ridge southwest of Hunting Creek after the defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. The largest and westernmost of these was Fort Lyon, but only a small portion was on the Johnsons' property, unlike the smaller Fort Farnsworth. Fort Lyon was completed in early 1862 while Fort Farnsworth was completed later in the year to cover the southeast approaches to the ridge. The family did not remain in Mount Eagle during the entire war as there are records of it being used to quarter officers at various times.

On 9 June 1863, a magazine containing  of gunpowder and several thousand artillery shells exploded in Fort Lyon, killing 25 soldiers, and shattering windows in nearby buildings. The site of the explosion was inspected by a virtual parade of senior officers and officials the following day. The first was Brigadier General William Barry, chief of artillery of the Defenses of Washington and he was followed by Major General Samuel P. Heintzelman, commander of the Defenses of Washington. Later that day Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, arrived; he was accompanied by the Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton and Brigadier General John Slough, military governor of Alexandria.

Mount Eagle was demolished in 1968, and the land is now used for the Montebello Condominiums and the Huntington Metro Station.

See also

Historic houses in Virginia

References

Bibliography

Netherton, Nan. (1982) Montebello at Mount Eagle. Alexandria, Virginia: International Developers, Inc.

Fairfax family residences
Houses in Fairfax County, Virginia
Villas in the United States
Georgian architecture in Virginia


Krivoarbatsky Lane (; from Russian "", krivoy, meaning "curved") is a small sidestreet near the Arbat Street. It is most notable for its curved form and the Wall of Viktor Tsoi, a Russian musician.  This street is also notable for some informal youth gatherings.

Streets in Moscow
Arbat District


BLAG Linux and GNU is a discontinued Linux distribution that was made by the Brixton Linux Action Group.

BLAG was a single-CD distro with a range of default desktop applications, including multimedia, graphics, desktop internet applications and more. BLAG also included a collection of server packages. BLAG was based on Fedora plus updates, adds apps from Dag, Dries, Freshrpms, NewRPMS, and includes custom packages.

BLAG was one of the few operating systems listed as a completely free software distribution by the Free Software Foundation.

History
The first public release of BLAG was 22 October 2002. The latest stable release, BLAG 140k, was based on Fedora 14, and was released on 4 May 2011. In October 2014 Blag 200000 was released in alpha form.

Planning for BLAG 240000 commenced in January 2016 but it was never released.

The script used in BLAG for cleaning the kernel from non-free blobs shipped in it by default was used as a base for the Linux-libre set of scripts.

See also

 Comparison of Linux distributions

References

External links

Free software only Linux distributions
RPM-based Linux distributions
Linux distributions
Discontinued Linux distributions


The Military Vehicle Technology Foundation was a large collection of military vehicles located in Portola Valley, California. It was founded in 1975 by Jacques Littlefield, and closed in 2018, with its collection being distributed to other museums. Many of its vehicles are now part of the American Heritage Museum run by the Collings Foundation in Stow, Massachusetts.

History
The first acquisition was an unrestored M3A1 Scout Car. The first two tanks arrived on site in 1983, and by 1988 the collection comprised five armored vehicles. Subsequent military vehicles and associated equipment were acquired from dealers, collectors, or in trade with various museums or government agencies in the United States and abroad. By the middle of the 1990s the collection included examples from almost all historically significant land battles of the last half-century. The oldest armored military vehicle in the collection is a World War I era M1917 light tank.

The Foundation was established in early 1998. Littlefield's major objective for the Foundation was to preserve the collection for the future. Over 200 armored fighting vehicles were present in the collection, displayed in a  exhibition space at Littlefield's  Pony Tracks Ranch in the Vista Verde neighborhood. The ranch was once owned by former San Francisco Mayor and California Governor "Sunny Jim" Rolph. The foundation offered tours of its collection with a mandatory donation until the inventory was transported to the new museum in Stow.

In 2012 the foundation started a new program in conjunction with the Boy Scouts of America to start the youth Venturing Crew 551. Crew 551's stated goals were to assist in the restoration of vehicles, and to help educate the public through tours and presentations about the significance of armored vehicles throughout history.

Collings Foundation

Jacques Littlefield died after a decade-long battle with colon cancer on January 7, 2009. The foundation signed over its collection to the Collings Foundation on July 4, 2013. A year later, the Collings Foundation auctioned off 120 of the vehicles to fund creation of the new American Heritage Museum to display the collection at the Collings Foundation headquarters in Stow, Massachusetts.

In 2015, the Stow Planning Board questioned the educational merit of the proposed museum. The educational purpose was needed in order to allow the planned  museum to be built on land that was zoned for residential use. The Planning Board rejected the foundation's application in August 2015 but a settlement was eventually reached in July 2017 and construction of the museum was completed in 2018. The museum held a "preview" opening in October 2018 and fully opened in May 2019.

The MVTF officially closed for tours on March 25, 2018.  The last of the vehicles left the premises on July 30, 2018.

References

Further reading

External links

 Churchill Toad acquisition
 Large, high quality photojournal of a visit by Bernard Zee
 Photojournal of a visit by Neil Mishalov
 Information about Venture crew 551

Military and war museums in California


Griffith Conrad Evans (11 May 1887 – 8 December 1973) was a mathematician working for much of his career at the University of California, Berkeley. He is largely credited with elevating Berkeley's mathematics department to a top-tier research department, having recruited many notable mathematicians in the 1930s and 1940s.

Biography
Evans earned his PhD at Harvard in 1910 under Maxime Bôcher with a dissertation on Volterra's Integral Equation, after which he did a post-doc for two years at the University of Rome on a Sheldon Fellowship from Harvard. The experience of working under Vito Volterra shaped his intellectual life and solidified his interest in the application of mathematics to a broad range of fields. Evans became close to Volterra during his time at Rome, being invited on many occasions to lunch with the Volterra family; he would remain in contact with Virginia Volterra, Vito Volterra's nephew, until the 1960s.

Evans was appointed assistant professor at Rice University in 1912, with a recommendation letter from Volterra, and promoted to professor in 1916.  He married Isabel Mary John in 1917 and they would eventually have 3 children.  During his time at Rice, he managed to attract significant mathematicians as visiting professors, such as Szolem Mandelbrojt, Tibor Rado, and Karl Menger. His early research dealt with functional analysis, potential theory, integral equations, and mathematical economics.

In 1934, he moved to University of California, Berkeley to chair the mathematics department. Here, Evans was tasked with improving the department, including the initiation of a graduate program. Much of his success was due to his ability to recruit many notable research mathematicians, including Hans Lewy, Jerzy Neyman, and Alfred Tarski. His own research work was in potential theory and mathematics applied to economics. He chaired Berkeley's department until 1949 and retired in 1955, eventually becoming the namesake of Evans Hall at Berkeley.

Mathematical economics
Evans first work in mathematical economics, entitled A Simple Theory of Competition a restatement of Augustine Cournot's monopoly/duopoly model. Evans expanded Cournot's work in significantly by exploring the analytical implications of a variety of different assumptions as to the behavior and objectives of either the monopolist or the duopolists. His following work, The Dynamics of Monopoly, published in 1924, was one of the first to apply the calculus of variations to economic theory. He frames the same monopolist problem now in an intertemporal framework, that is, instead of seeking immediate profit-maximization, the monopolist aims to make his profits as maximum through an interval of time. His work was followed by his Ph.D. advisee Charles Roos who generalized his monopoly model to a case with multiple competing firms. Roos also managed to express this model within a general equilibrium framework. Roos would also be one of the three founders of the Econometric Society alongside Norwegian economist Ragnar Frisch and American economist Irving Fisher. Evans participated in the foundation of the Society and became one of its first fellows.

The first economist to take notice of Evans' work was Harold Hotelling. He met personally with Evans at a meeting of the American Mathematical Society and was immediately impressed by the scope of his work which he deemed to be a "dawning economic theory" that would bear "to the older theories the relations which the Hamiltonian dynamics and the thermodynamics of entropy bear to their predecessors". At this time, economics was not seen as a mathematical science, and many economists were even doubtful if mathematics could be useful for social sciences in general. As a result, Evans and Roos found only a small audience properly equipped to understand their works. Even so, the more mathematically inclined economists and mathematicians E. B. Wilson, Irving Fisher, Henry Schultz, and Paul Samuelson all recognized the importance of their theory.

Evans main contribution to mathematical economics came in the form of his 1930 textbook Mathematical Introduction to Economics, published by Mc Graw Hill. The book's reception, however, failed to meet Evans' expectations. British economist Arthur L. Bowley, in particular, was very critical stating that the book would be of no use either to the mathematician nor to the economist. R. G. D. Allen, a colleague of Bowley, also criticized the book for not presenting a general economic theory and focusing too much on the resolution of particular problems. Some positive reviews came from Roos and Hotelling, the latter going as far as saying that the book helped "lay a groundwork upon which future contributions to political economy of first-rate importance may be expected to be based".

Despite the mixed reception of his textbook, Evans continued interested in mathematical economics throughout his lifetime. In 1934 he contributed Maximum Production Studied in a Simplified Economic System to the recently established journal Econometrica, published on behalf of the Econometric Society. This work would later be extended by some of his students at Berkeley. He also maintained contact with the field attending seminars and presenting papers at meetings organized by the Econometric Society and the Cowles Commission for Economic Research.

During his time at Berkeley Evans arranged a weekly seminar on mathematical economics at his home. He also supervised many Ph.D. theses in the field that followed similar lines of his work. One of his most notable students was economist Ronald Shephard, famous for his derivation of Shephard's lemma. Shephard's 1953 Cost and Production Functions expands Evans' theoretical work on costs functions. He also restates Evans' classical dynamic monopoly problem, better incorporating expectations and price changes. Other notable students include Francis W. Dresch, Kenneth May, and Edward A. Davis.

Some authors, such as Roy Weintraub, argue that Evans' impact in mathematical economics was severely limited by his refusal to adopt utility in his economic models. The subjective theory of value stated the individuals aimed to make their pleasure or utility a maximum. Evans argued that the mathematical conditions to assure the existence of an index function such as utility were stiff and artificial. Moreover, he stated that ''[t]here is no such measurable quantity as 'value' or 'utility' (with all due respect to Jevons, Walras and others) and there is no evaluation of 'the greatest happiness for the greatest number'; or, more flatly,– there is no such thing''. His 1930 book featured two chapters where he criticized utility from the standpoint of the integrability conditions necessary to guarantee that a demand function be the result of the maximization of some utility function. Despite being criticized by many other authors, utility remained a central concept for economics. Additionally, from the 1940s through the 1960s, Keynesianism dominated the macrodynamics discussion. Samuelson's Foundations of Economic Analysis formalized dynamics as the study of the limiting properties of systems of differential equations. In this sense, the analysis was now confined to the stability and convergence of these systems around a steady state. How the system responded to shocks was deemed more relevant than understanding any particular point of equilibrium.

General interest in the calculus of variations an intertemporal optimization rekindled with the rise the neoclassical growth literature (e.g. Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model) that ostensibly employed optimal control and Hamiltonians. Standard textbooks in economics now commonly present some stylized version of Evans' monopoly problem.

Notable positions
 Chair, University of California, Berkeley Mathematics Department (1934–1949)
 President, American Mathematical Society (1939–1940)
 Member, National Academy of Sciences (1933)
 Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1934)
 Member, American Philosophical Society (1941)

Selected publications

Biographical references

.
.

References

External links

 portrait

20th-century American mathematicians
1887 births
1973 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Rice University faculty
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Presidents of the American Mathematical Society
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Members of the American Philosophical Society


Cyfronydd railway station lies  from Welshpool's Raven Square station on the narrow gauge Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway in Mid Wales. This is where trains pass each other when a two train service is operating. Passengers are able to alight and join trains here. The station serves the hamlet of Cyfronydd on the main Dolgellau to Welshpool road as well as Cyfronydd Hall.

Cyfronydd Hall, where former Foreign Secretary William Hague lives, is nearby.

Opened on 6 April 1903 it was closed to passengers on 9 February 1931. It was the Great Western Railway that withdrew passenger services in 1931. and the line closed completely on 3 November 1956.

Notes

References

 Rushton, Gordon (2015). The Welshpool & Llanfair Railway  Travellers's Guide. Llanfair Caereinion : Welshpool & Llanfair Railway.

External links
 Video footage of Cyfronydd Station
 3 minutes from Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion

Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
Heritage railway stations in Powys
Former Cambrian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1903
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1931
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1963


The Samsung NC10 (Samsung SENS NC10 in South Korea) is a subnotebook/netbook computer designed by Samsung. At the time of its introduction (2008), it was noted for its combination of a 10.2" screen and large 6-cell battery as standard, giving a battery life of up to 7.5 hours, a large hard disk drive and a release price of 499 USD (299 GBP).

Technical overview

Processor and memory
The Samsung NC10 uses a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom N270 processor running at FSB frequency of 533 MHz, and includes 1 GB of DDR2 800/6400 memory as standard. North bridge chipset is Intel 945GSE and south bridge is Intel ICH7-M. NC10 may be equipped with DDR2 667 or 800 MHz, but 945GSE GMCH supports DDR2 400/533 MHz only, so there is no reason to install memory faster than 533 MHz (PC2-4200). Internally, the NC10 has one slot for memory accepting memory modules up to 2 GB.

Display
The screen is a non-glossy display and measures 10.2 inches (259 mm) diagonally, and has a resolution of 1024×600 pixels. An external display can be used through the standard VGA connector.

Keyboard
The 83-key keyboard is 93% of the size of a full-size keyboard, with 17.7 mm pitch between keys and 2 mm travel on each key press, with some reviews claiming it is the best keyboard of any netbook yet released. The keyboard has also been treated with the anti-bacterial Silver Nano technology.

Storage
The standard internal hard drive size is 160 GB on a SATA 1.5 Gbit/s interface. It also includes an SD card slot, supporting MMC, SD and SDHC cards for additional storage.
The standard internal hard drive can be replaced with a Solid State Drive (SSD).

Problems with hardware

Some users noticed a white screen problem. After some time if the brightness is more than 40% screen goes completely white.

It has been reported on various forums that the problem relates to a faulty cable between the screen and motherboard. Users have had success in getting this fixed under the Samsung factory warranty. A YouTube video provides a simple DIY solution to the issue by fastening some screws around the screen.
Sometimes the main board develops bad through holes which can cause very strange symptoms as mentioned earlier, a pin from old AMD laptop CPU such as Sempron can be used as well.

As these netbooks are quite old now the power switches and surrounding plastic are quite prone to failure. Repairing them is feasible and in the short term replacing it with a reed switch pair from old phones and small magnet does work as the switches are hard to find.
Part numbers include BA81-0588CA but this is also used on other machines notably the AOA270 and some HP laptops.

Also quite common with these are RAM failures, especially with the stock memory. It is believed that the failure is caused by deterioration in the memory chips used for serial presence detect and BIOS failures though rare do sometimes cause "black screen" similar to the early Aspire One units which can be recoverable using crisis boot disk and Alt Esc method.
Another method is to replace the defective BIOS chip entirely, with essential bits copied from a second unit so that the laptop does not then throw a "BIOS password" related error; these usually cost between £10 and £18

An interesting note with these, the BIOS battery sometimes goes bad and replacing it can solve clock issues as well as being an "if all else fails" test before resorting to a chip replacement.
Due to the way these are made it is sometimes feasible to make a new module using heatshrink, the old salvaged battery cables with nickel tags and some Z axis screen repair tape with blue cure nail varnish as an anti-vibration method if original batteries can't be shipped.

Operating systems

Windows platform
The NC10 was shipped with Windows XP Home Edition and can be upgraded to Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8.1, or Windows 10. As the Intel Atom N270 processor is 32-bit, Windows 10 is the latest version of Windows that can be installed, as Windows 11 onwards no longer support 32-bit processors.

Linux
Linux (e.g. Ubuntu Netbook Edition, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, or Debian) runs well with the stock 1GB of RAM.

"Hackintosh" platform
The NC10 can be used as the platform to run Mac OS X using the IDeneb installation method. This combination of installing Apple's operating system on non-Apple hardware is often referred to as a "hackintosh" computer. In many cases, some features of either the hardware or software may not be totally functional or work as intended. There have been several such issues reported when using the NC10's default hardware.

Cloudready
The netbook can also be effectively turned into a "Chromebook" by installing the Cloudready operating system by Neverware. The Newest version does work on the NC10, though the SIM slot is not functional.

Colors and configurations
The NC10 is available in different colors and configurations. Colors include white, black, blue and pink. The configurations may differ in the lack of Bluetooth, e.g. in Spanish markets and some models in German markets, the fitting of a UMTS/HSDPA module, a weaker battery, or a stronger battery and a slightly bigger but non-multitouch touchpad as "special edition", available in the US.

The new model N110 is an upgrade of the basic NC10 design, with improved battery life, modified touchpad and improved styling.

See also
 Comparison of netbooks

References

External links
 Samsung NC10 Official Support Page
 Samsung NC10 Community Forum
 Samsung NC10 UK Review

Netbooks
NC10


Browns is an unincorporated community in Dallas County, Alabama.  Browns formerly had one site included on the National Register of Historic Places, St. Luke's Episcopal Church, before it was removed to Cahaba in 2006.
It is home to a community airport.

References

Unincorporated communities in Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Dallas County, Alabama


Sivtsev Vrazhek is a radial lane in the Central Administrative Okrug of Moscow; it forms the boundary between Arbat and Khamovniki municipal districts. The lane begins at a T-junction with Gogolevsky Boulevard and runs west, roughly parallel to Arbat Street (north) and Prechistenka Street (south), ending at a T-junction with Denezhny Lane, one block short of the Garden Ring. The name of the lane, literally  stream gully, refers to a historical stream now locked in an underground sewer and is only one of two Vrazheks in present-day Moscow (the other being Kozhevnichesky Vrazhek west of Novospassky Bridge).

History

Sivka Stream ran eastward along the present-day lane into Chertoryi Stream that flowed southward on site of present-day Gogolevsky Boulevard into Moskva River. In the 18th century Sivka was locked into an open stone-clad ditch, opening up space for a proper lane, and in the first quarter of the 19th century the ditch was rebuilt into an underground sewer.

In the 15th and 16th centuries Sivtsev Vrazhek was part of a road connecting Moscow with Smolensk. The area prospered since taking of Smolensk by Vasily III, but, in the end of the 16th century, construction of Bely Gorod fortress walls separated the street from the center of Moscow; the Smolensk highway changed its track in favor of Arbat Street, and Sivtsev Vrazhek became a quiet residential street. During the 17th century the area was fragmented into four slobodas of different trades employed by the Court: from east to west, these were icon painters, horse grooms, carpenters and mint workers. All of these trades are retained in the names of north–south lanes crossing Sivtsev Vrazhek. The crisis of Moscow economy caused by Peter I depopulated these slobodas, and in the first half of the 18th century their lands were taken over by aristocracy. The area was dominated by wooden estate houses placed on spacious garden lots, with very few stone buildings.

By the end of the 18th century the area was home to Moscow's oldest, but not necessarily the wealthiest, noble families. All of the building of this period perished in the Fire of 1812; after the fire, it was repopulated by the same upper-class families. Notable 19th-century residents included Peter Kropotkin, Alexander Herzen, count Fyodor Tolstoy "The American", Sergey Aksakov; general Yermolov owned the building on the corner of Boulevard Ring but himself lived on Prechistenka Street. In 1863 Leo Tolstoy wrote in his diary that he dreamed of his own place in Sivtsev Vrazhek where he could spend the winter months in country style.

In the end of the 19th century the old aristocratic mansions on the north side of the lane were gradually replaced by mid-rise, upper- and middle-class apartment buildings; the process was interrupted by World War I and the Russian Civil War. The only building added in the interbellum period was a 1932 experimental apartment block designed by Dmitry Lebedev and Nikolai Ladovsky, notable for its combination of segments linked at 120° angle. More contemporary buildings were added in the 1950s and 1980s (most of them on the north side). The lane has been converted to one-way (westbound) traffic in the 1990s.

In fiction

The lane, being part of the upper-class west side of Moscow, is featured in Russian-language fiction with notable occurrences in:
 Sivtsev Vrazhek, a 1929 novel by Mikhail Osorgin (1878-1942) published in English in 1930 as A Quiet Street, itself referenced in fiction by Daniil Granin and Alexander Galich
 Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak
 The Two Captains by Veniamin Kaverin (Chapter 10)
 "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy (Book VIII, Chapter 1 and First Epilogue, Chapter 5)
 "Black snow" by M.A. Boelgakov(Chapter XII)

Notes

References

Streets in Moscow


Llanfair Caereinion  railway station located in Llanfair Caereinion is the Western terminus of the  narrow gauge Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway. The locomotive running shed and workshops are located here, along with a tea room and gift shop. The original corrugated iron booking office and waiting room survive and have been restored for use as the registered office of the company.

Llanfair Caereinion station lies  from Welshpool's Raven Square terminus. The station was opened on 6 April 1903. The station stands at  above sea level.

The Great Western Railway withdrew passenger services on 9 February 1931. and the line closed completely on 3 November 1956. By 6 April 1963 the line had a passenger service restored by the Welshpool and Llanfair Railway.

Notes

References

 Rushton, Gordon (2015). The Welshpool & Llanfair Railway  Travellers's Guide. Llanfair Caereinion : Welshpool & Llanfair Railway.

External links
 Video footage of Llanfaer Caereinion Station
 3 minutes from Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion

Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
Heritage railway stations in Powys
Llanfair Caereinion
Former Cambrian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1903
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1931
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1963


Tetrameridae is a family of spirurian nematodes. It is the smallest of the large genera making up the bulk of the superfamily Habronematoidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. They are parasites, chiefly of birds and cetaceans.

This family contains the largest known nematode: Placentonema gigantissima is several meters long and has been found in the placenta of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus).

Systematics
The Tetrameridae number about half a dozen genera only, but some are rather speciose; the type genus Tetrameres contains a lot of species even by nematode standards. While it might be overlumped, as presently delimited about half of the more than 100 species of Tetrameridae are placed in it.

Subfamily Crassicaudinae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926
 Crassicauda Leiper & Atkinson, 1914
 Placentonema Gubanov, 1951
Subfamily Geopetitiinae Chabaud, 1951
 Geopetitia Chabaud, 1951 [Diagnostic; French, Todd, Zachary & Meehan 1992
Subfamily Tetramerinae Travassos, 1914
 Microhadjelia Jogis, 1965
 Microtetrameres Travassos, 1915
 Tetrameres Creplin, 1846

References

Spirurida
Nematode families


Károly Szittya (18 June 1918 – 9 August 1983) was a Hungarian swimmer and water polo player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He played in Újpesti Dózsa 1930–1947, and Ferencvárosi TC 1948–1954. He was born in Budapest and died in Szeged.

Szittya was part of the Hungarian team which won the silver medal in the 1948 tournament. He played six matches and scored six goals. Four years later he was a member of the Hungarian team which won the gold medal in the Olympic tournament. He played three matches and scored five goals.

After his active sport career he was a water polo coach in Hungary and Cuba. In 1969 he became a member of the Hungarian Olympic Committee and received a Master Coach Award.

See also
 Hungary men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
 List of Olympic champions in men's water polo
 List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)

References

External links

1918 births
1983 deaths
Hungarian male water polo players
Water polo players at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Hungary in water polo
Olympic silver medalists for Hungary in water polo
Water polo players from Budapest
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
20th-century Hungarian people


Krushynka () is a small village in Fastiv Raion in the Kyiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. It belongs to Hlevakha settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Krushynka has 347 inhabitants.

History
It is known at least from the 16th century.

Until 18 July 2020, Krushynka belonged to Vasylkiv Raion. The raion was abolished that day as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven. The area of Vasylkiv Raion was split between Bila Tserkva, Fastiv, and Obukhiv Raions, with Krushynka being transferred to Fastiv Raion.

Nature

Apple gardens

Transport
There is a bus from Kyiv to Vasylkiv. Then there is a local bus from the bus stop "Krushynka" to the center of village.

Architecture

Church

Shops

In the time of the Soviet Union, there was a Prodmag (food market, Prod(ovolstvennyi) Mag(azin) on Russian). That shop is still there, but it has modern goods. It is at center of village on Kyivska Street.

Another store among the people just hendelyk, near the so-called rivchak (little brook).
A third store opened in 2008, and is located outside the village.

School

Culture

Village club
In the time of the Soviet Union, there was a village club. But with the ending of the Soviet Union, the club died.

Gallery

References

External links

 село Крушинка (сайт Української конфедерації журналістів).

Villages in Fastiv Raion