Matthew "Matt" Nicholas Crampton (born 23 May 1986) is an English former track cyclist for . He was a member of British Cycling's Olympic Podium Programme, and represented Great Britain at a number of major events. Crampton specialised in track sprinting and competed in the individual sprint, team sprint, keirin and kilo events.

Biography
Born in Manchester, Crampton won the junior sprint and keirin events at the 2004 European Track Championships. Crampton competed at the Youth Commonwealth Games in Bendigo, Australia in 2004, winning a silver medal in the keirin.

He went on to take the silver medal as a member of England's Team Sprint squad at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 2007 saw Crampton take the silver medal in the keirin and bronze in the team sprint at the European Track Championships, this time riding in the under 23 category.

He won a bronze medal in the individual sprint at the first round of the 2008–2009 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics at Manchester on 1 November 2008. He also won the Japanese Keirin Association Race the next day.

On 15 November 2008 he competed in the Revolution 21 event in Manchester. He won both events he was entered in, the Sprint and the Keirin. Other riders present were Jason Kenny, Ross Edgar and Jamie Staff.

He won silver in the men's team sprint at the 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships with teammates Jamie Staff and Jason Kenny. He also won silver in the same event two years later with Chris Hoy and Jason Kenny, after the French squad were stripped of the world title and the British team were promoted from their original bronze medals.

At the 2011 UEC European Track Championships, Crampton won the gold medal in the keirin.

He won gold in keirin and placed second at team sprint in Aguascalientes at 2013–14 UCI Track Cycling World Cup.

In November 2016 Crampton announced his retirement from competition, indicating that he would continue to be involved in the sport as a coach.

Family
He is the older brother of Jessica Crampton.

References

External links
Interview by Larry Hickmott, British Cycling, Melbourne, 13 March 2006

1986 births
Living people
English male cyclists
Cyclists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Manchester
Cyclists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
English cycling coaches
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games


Heathrow Terminal 1 is a disused airport terminal at London Heathrow Airport that was in operation between 1968 and 2015.  When it was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in April 1969 it was the largest new airport terminal in western Europe. At the time of its closure on 29 June 2015 to make way for the expansion of Heathrow Terminal 2 it had been handling only twenty daily flights by British Airways to nine destinations. From May 2017 the contents of the terminal were put up for auction.

History

Terminal 1 was designed by Frederick Gibberd, who also designed the earlier Europa Building (renamed Terminal 2) and the adjacent Queens Building. It opened to passengers in 1968, and it was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II in April 1969. At the time, Terminal 1 was the biggest short-haul terminal of its kind in Western Europe.

A new pier (the so-called Europier) was added in the 1990s which increased the capacity of the terminal, catering for wide-body aircraft. There was separation between arriving and departing passengers within the International section, although the terminal was not originally built to cater for this separation. In 2005, a substantial redesign and redevelopment of Terminal 1 was completed, which saw the opening of the new Eastern Extension, doubling the departure lounge in size and creating additional seating and retail space.

Since the buyout of British Midland International (BMI), British Airways served some short- and medium-haul destinations from this terminal. Virgin Atlantic operated its short-lived Little Red UK domestic operation from the former BMI departure area in Gate 8 of Terminal 1.

Terminal 1 closed on 29 June 2015 to allow the second stage of the expansion of Terminal 2 and all flights it was serving were relocated to other terminals. Several airlines had already left Terminal 1 from 2014. The last tenants alongside British Airways were Icelandair, El Al and TAM Airlines; TAM Airlines moved to Terminal 3 on 27 May 2015.

During Terminal 1's final days, British Airways was the last airline to operate there, with flights to Amman-Queen Alia, Baku, Beirut, Cairo and Hannover, which all moved to Terminal 5, and to Bilbao, Luxembourg, Lyon and Marseille, which were relocated to Terminal 3.

The final flight to depart from Terminal 1 was British Airways BA0970 to Hannover, Germany,  at 21:30 on 29 June 2015.

The main terminal building is now empty and some of the ancillary structures and contact piers have been demolished.

Facilities
Due to its impending closure, there were just seven shops left airside in the terminal by June 2015: Boots, Cocoon, Dixons Travel, Glorious Britain, WHSmith and World Duty Free. There was an airside link to Terminal 2 allowing passengers to use the facilities in that terminal. All Star Alliance members formerly in Terminal 1 moved to Terminal 2 due to its closure. The Star Alliance lounge, the El Al King David Lounge and the Servisair lounge were closed prior to the closure of the terminal. The British Airways International lounge near Gate 5 was operational until the end. The gates at Terminal 1 were numbered 2–8, 16–21 and 74–78. From 2017 the remaining contents of the terminal were sold at auction and by private treaty.

Ground transport

Road links
As part of the three central terminals at Heathrow, it was linked to the M4 motorway via the M4 spur road and through a tunnel under the north runway. There was a short-stay car park directly opposite the terminal and a long-stay car park further away, accessed by a shuttle bus service.

Rail links
Terminal 1 was accessed by the London Underground from Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 tube station, with trains towards Cockfosters via Central London. The terminal was also accessed by Heathrow Connect and Heathrow Express from Heathrow Central railway station, where services operate to other Heathrow terminals and to London Paddington.

Bus links
Terminal 1 was accessible to both bus and coach services from Heathrow Central bus station.

References

External links

Heathrow Airport website

1 London Heathrow Terminal 1
Heathrow Airport Holdings
Airport terminals
Terminal 1
Terminal 1
Transport infrastructure completed in 1969
1969 establishments in England


Cooyar is a rural town and locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Cooyar had a population of 224 people.

Geography
Cooyar is on the Darling Downs and on the New England Highway,  north west of the state capital, Brisbane.

History
Land in Cooyar was open for selection on 17 April 1877;  were available.

Cooyar Post Office opened by March 1907 (a receiving office had been open from 1904).

St Francis' Anglican Church was dedicated on 12 April 1928. Its closure on 28 March 1999 was approved by Assistant Bishop Ray Smith.

At the , Cooyar and the surrounding area had a population of 281.

In the , the locality of Cooyar had a population of 224 people.

Attractions
There are many interesting sites at Cooyar.  They include the Swinging Bridge, built by Christoffel and Edeltroud Van Espen  a memorial park with playground,  a family-friendly pub, an ANZAC Memorial, a showground which holds events like endurance riding and an annual show (with a brilliant rodeo at night),  a hall which is used regularly by the locals, the local shop which sells hot and cold food.

Library services in Cooyar are provided by the Toowoomba Regional Council's mobile library service. The van visits Cooyar State School and Cooyar Park (McDougal Street) on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month.

Heritage listings

Cooyar has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 McDougall Street: Cooyar War Memorial
 Narko-Nutgrove Road from Highgrove to Nutgrove, south-west of Cooyar: Muntapa Tunnel

References

Towns in Queensland
Towns in the Darling Downs
Toowoomba Region
Localities in Queensland


Gargoyles is one of Thomas Bernhard’s earliest novels, which made the author known both nationally and internationally. Originally published in German in 1967, it’s a kaleidoscopic work, considered by critics his most disquieting and nihilistic. The German title, Verstörung, translates as something like Confusion or Derangement, but the American publisher chose Gargoyles, perhaps in order to render the array of human freaks the novel depicts to its very end. In fact, this is a singular, surreal study of the nature of humanity.

Plot summary
One morning a doctor takes his son—an idealistic student of science and rationality—on his daily rounds through the grim mountainous Austrian countryside. They observe the rural grotesques they encounter—from an innkeeper whose wife has been murdered to a crippled musical prodigy kept in a cage—coping with physical misery, madness, and the brutality of the austere landscape. But when they meet the insomniac Prince Saurau in his castle at Hochgobernitz, his solitary, stationary mind takes over the rest of the novel in an uninterrupted obsessive paragraph. It's a hundred-page monologue by an eccentric, paranoid man, a relentlessly flowing cascade of words that is classic Bernhard: the furious logorrhea is a mesmeric rant, completing the stylistic formation of his art of exaggeration, where he uses metaphors of physical and mental illness to explore the decay of his homeland.

Imagery, style and themes
Gargoyles is a dark, broken work, the first of Bernhard's novels to be translated and the first to gain him national recognition. The writing style is haunting and compulsive, the setting is the fairy-tale landscape of rural Austria, especially the area surrounding a remote mountain gorge. Then there is the Hochgobernitz castle, which seems to be taken right out of a Nosferatu movie. Its owner - old prince Saurau -  is the expression of the best (or worst) Bernhardian values: the Habsburg stand-in who steals the show with a hundred-page monologue about his own descent into madness and his fraught relationship with his own son.

Bernhard shares with Kafka and Beckett the ability to extract more than utter gloom from his landscape of inconceivable devastation. While the external surface of life is unquestionably grim, he somehow suggests more – the mystic element in experience that calls for symbolic interpretation; the inner significance of states that are akin to surrealistic dream-worlds; man’s yearning for health, compassion, sanity.

Excerpts
Each patient doctor and son visit suffers from a different nightmarish ailment by which the father means to expose the boy to the ubiquity of sickness, brutality, and death. "It would be wrong to refuse to face the fact," his father cautions him, "that everything is fundamentally sick and sad."
[Prince Saurau on his decaying family] "My sisters but also my daughters always try to keep me going by fraudulent means, deceptions major and minor, but especially through one scandalous ruse: their attention. Each basically knows," he said, "that the world will collapse if I am suddenly not here anymore. If I lose interest and have myself laid out in the summer cottage.  Plan to have myself laid out in the summer cottage like my father. A dead father," he said, "really instils fear. Often I think for hours on end of nothing but the mailman. The mail has got to come, I think. Mail! Mail! Mail! News!"
Communication, family, and death are Saurau’s main interests, bound up as they are with the fate of the old ancestral castle. He is the patriarch of a moribund clan whose life and history centre on Hochgobernitz . It, like Saurau and his family, is a pathetic relic of Old Austria. Saurau lives in fear of his expatriate son who will someday return from exile to liquidate the estate of the old prince is dead. But he says towards the end: "I often think that it is my duty to write to my son in London and tell him what is awaiting him here in Hochgobernitz some day, when I am dead: cold. Isolation. Madness. Deadly monologuing." Saurau's chilling (and bitingly self-reflexive) list is the corrupt inheritance that awaits the sons of Austria's grand monarchical tradition.

Book’s Epigraph
Le silence éternel de ces espaces infinis m'effraie. --Pascal, Pensée 206

References
The Nihilism of Thomas Bernhard, by Charles W. Martin (1995)
Bernhardiana, a Critical Anthology of Bernhard's works
Understanding Thomas Bernhard, by Stephen D. Dowden (1995)
"An Introduction to Thomas Bernhard", by Thomas Cousineau (2001)
The Novels of Thomas Bernhard by J.J. Long (2001)

“Thomas Bernhard: Failing To Go Under: An essay on the 10th anniversary of his death”, critical review by S. Mitchelmore (SpikeMagazine 1999)
“Beautifully Depressing Thomas Bernhard,” by Jessica Ferri  (MoreIntelligentLife magazine, 2008)

1967 novels
Novels by Thomas Bernhard
Novels set in Austria


Better Than Sex is a 1999 album by the Red Elvises.

Track listing
All songs written by Zhenya Kolykhanov.
Red Lips, Red Eyes, Red Stockings
Hanky Panky Kind of Love
Wild Man
Painted Love
Joint Was Jumping
Wonderful Night
To the Top
Strip Joint is Closed
Closet Disco Dancer
Jumping Cat Boogie
Mamasita

Credits

Igor Yuzov - vocals, guitar
Zhenya Kolykhanov - Guitar, Piano, Vocals, Cover Art
Oleg Bernov - Bass, vocals
Avi Sills - drums
Chelyapov Edelman - Clarinet, Piano, Saxophone
Galina Glek-Shlimovich - Violin
Chris Golden - Guitar (Bass), Contrabass
Leo Groovitz - Clarinet, Saxophone
Letitia Jones - Vocals
Dmitri Mamokhin - Trumpet
Dianne Sellers - Vocals
Roman Volodarsky - Violin
Alexander Zhyroff - Cello
Barry Connely - Engineer
Svetoslav Lazarov - Engineer
Duncan MacFarlane - Mastering, Mixing
Christy A. Moeller-Masel - Layout, design

External links
 Official site

Red Elvises albums
1999 albums


The Somerset Apartments was an apartment building located in Detroit, Michigan. It was also known as the Parkcrest Apartment Building. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Description
The Somerset Apartments were five interconnected rectangular buildings, each four stories, built in a row running rearward from Jefferson. It had 80 units and was over . The front façade was symmetrical, faced with limestone on the first story and red brick above, with arched windows on the first floor. The roofline had a dentiled cornice with a white frieze below.

History and significance
The apartment building was an excellent example of high-quality middle-class residential architecture from the 1920s. The May 14, 1922 issue of the Detroit Free Press lists C. Howard Crane as the architect of the building. In the 2000s, the building was unused, and was slated for demolition by the city of Detroit. The Somerset Apartments was in a two-alarm fire on November 23, 2013. It was damaged beyond repair and was demolished 7 months later.

References

Apartment buildings in Detroit
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
Residential buildings completed in 1922
Buildings and structures demolished in 2014
1922 establishments in Michigan


Lyon Hockey Club Les Lions (LHC The Lions) was the ice hockey team of Lyon, France. The team currently competes in The French Ligue Magnus on 13 January 2014 it was announced they will have a partnership with the Tampa Bay Lighting and Syracuse Crunch. In 2019, the professional team was dissolved after bankruptcy.

History

1898–1953: Ice Hockey in Lyon
Ice hockey was played in Lyon as early as 1898 on a rink located on the Boulevard des Belges where today the Guimet Museum stands. The Sporting Club de Lyon (Lyon Sporting Club) won the national Coupe Magnus title in 1905 and 1908 but the rink was converted to a museum in 1909 and Lyon was without a rink and a team for the next 44 years.

1953–1997: The CPL Era
In 1953 the Club des Patineurs Lyonnais (Skating Club of Lyon or CPL) was founded and in 1956 the Lyon team won France's Division 1 ice hockey championship. In 1963 CPL built the Patinoire Charlemagne that still today serves as the home of Lyon ice sports. In their new home CPL won France's Division 2 ice hockey championship in both 1972 and 1989. Christophe Geoffroy's management forces the CPL to the liquidation in 1997

1997-Pres.: Lyon Hockey Club
Following the collapse of CPL local businessman Christophe Geoffroy founded Hockey sur glace lyonnais Elite (Lyon Elite Ice Hockey). Teamed with the Lyon Hockey Club Association, an association charged with developing junior ice hockey, the Lyon Hockey Club was born. The new team experienced quick success and twice finished third in France's Ligue Magnus in 1997 and 1998. LHC qualified for Europe's Continental Cup in 1999 and reached the quarter-finals before being eliminated.

By 2000 LHC had been relegated to France's Division 3 championship but quickly began to rise through national ranks again. In the 2001 season Lyon reached and won the Division 2 championship and earned a place in Division 1 for season 2002. A poor season in 2002 saw the team return to the second division once again and, despite reaching the final in 2007, LHC remains a Division 2 team in 2008.

Team Colours and Jersey

Logo
The logo of the LHC features a red head of a lion in profile on a white background with the name of the team above (in white on red) and the team's nickname – 'Les Lions' – in white text on a blue background below.

Red, white and blue are both the colours of France and the colours of the city of Lyon.

Jersey
The LHC play in red, blue, black and white jerseys.

The jersey has changed in recent years from a predominantly white jersey in season 2006 to predominantly red in season 2007 and predominantly blue for season 2008.

The front of the jersey features a stylised image of a lion and bears the logo of the LHC's major sponsor, Flunch.

The jerseys are provided by equipment sponsor Nike Bauer.

Broadcasters
LHC media partners include Télé Lyon Métropole, the Tribune de Lyon and Virgin Radio.

Télé Lyon Métropole
LHC matches are a regular feature on Télé Lyon Métropole's Sunday sports review, Dimanche Sports. LHC players are also interviewed frequently for other TLM programs including Lundi Sport.

Tribune de Lyon
The Tribune de Lyon produces a pre-season guide to the LHC each year and reports on matches each week.

Virgin Radio
As well as reporting on LHC matches Virgin Radio provides the background music for matches. While the playlist varies by season current songs on the match-night programme include Sleeping Satellite (Junior Caldera) and No Stress (Laurent Wolf).

Sponsors
Major sponsors of the LHC are Fiat, Flunch, Kinnarps, Metifiot, Virgin Radio, Nike Bauer and Air Canada. The LHC also has a number of minor sponsors and supporting sponsors.

Home Ice

The LHC plays all its home matches at the Patinoire Charlemagne.

Commissioned in 1967 and opened in 1969, the Patinoire Charlemagne's distinctive architectural style incorporating concrete, glass and aluminum saw it placed on the Rhône-Alpes' List of 20th century Buildings of Architectural Interest.

Since May 2006 more than 3.7 million euros have been spent to refurbish the arena and stadium.

Patinoire Charlemagne offers many services apart from the ice hockey rink including medical facilities, a bar, a dance hall, meeting rooms and a press centre.

The Patinoire Charlemagne is also well known for hosting other ice sports, particularly figure skating. Each year the rink hosts the Pôle France de danse sur glace and world champion figure skaters Marina Anissina and Gwendal Peizerat both train at Charlemagne.

The Patinoire Charlemagne was one of the host stadiums for the 2006 European Figure Skating Championships.

The ice is Olympic sized (60 metres long by 30 metres wide) and has a capacity of 4 400 spectators.

Roster
Updated 8 February 2019.

Past Players

While not considered a breeding ground for great players Lyon has been able to both develop young stars and attract former NHL stars to the Patinoire Charlemagne.

LHC alumni have played in the North American National Hockey League (NHL), the French Ligue Magnus and on French Olympic teams.

Among the most notable of LHC past-players are:

  Baptiste Amar – 2002 French Olympic team
 / Roger Dubé – 1998 French Olympic team
 / Jean-Marc Gaulin – Right-wing for the NHL's Quebec Nordiques 1982–87
  Laurent Meunier – Captain of France national team, 2002 French Olympic team, two-time Ligue Magnus MVP
 / André Svitac – 1992 French Olympic team

LHC Junior Squads
As well as the senior team the LHC competes in six levels of junior ice hockey.

LHC Moustiques
A team for players aged less than 9 years.

LHC Poussins
A team for players aged under 11 years. The team is coached by LHC player Geoffrey Paillet.

LHC Benjamins
A team for players aged under 13 years. The team is coached by LHC player Pascal Margerit.

LHC Minimes
Two teams – Minimes Excellence and Minime Elite – for players aged under 15 years.

LHC Cadets
A team for players aged under 18 years.

Mascot, Nickname and Supporters
The official mascot of the LHC is Pepito the Lion. Always in attendance at home games, Pepito wears a Lyon hockey jersey and a straw hat. The nickname of the LHC is 'The Lions' and relates to the symbol of city of Lyon.

The most vocal supporters of the LHC are the Lions Gones. This group of fans are similar to football ultras and share their name with the Bad Gones of the city's Olympique Lyonnais football team.

According to the Tribune de Lyon, despite being a Division 2 team the LHC attracts the highest crowds of any hockey team in France in any league, save for Ligue Magnus teams Grenoble and Rouen.

Notes

1.Crunch, Senators to hold camp in Lyon
2.Historique du Lyon Hockey Club.
3.Historique du Lyon Hockey Club.
4.Historique du Lyon Hockey Club.
5.Historique du Lyon Hockey Club.
6.Historique du Lyon Hockey Club.
7.Historique du Lyon Hockey Club.
8.FFHG Division 2 2008–2009 Teams.
9.Les Lions dans la douleur.
10.Et de deux pour les Lions.
11.A l'image d'un derby.
12.Strict minimum pour les Lions.
13.Première défaite des Lions.
14.Avec la manière.
15.FFHG Division 2.
16.Lyon Hockey Club: Nos Partenaires.
17.Lyon Hockey Club: Nos Partenaires.
18.Patinoire Charlemagne.
19.Moustiques.
20.LHC Poussins.
21.LHC Benjamins.
22.LHC Minimes.
23.LHC Cadets.
24.LHC Espoirs.

References

External links
 Lyon Hockey Club – Official Site
 Lions Gones – Supporters Club

Ice hockey teams in France
Sport in Lyon


Surendra florimel, the Eastern acacia blue  a species of lycaenid or hairstreak butterfly found in South-East Asia.

Range
Southern Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Nias and Borneo.

Description
In the male, the wings above are deep shining purplish blue, with a black apical border on the forewing, and on the hindwing both the costal and inner margins are broadly black bordered. The female is plain brown, with diffuse darker borders. The underside is brown, with a darker brown band across the wing from apex to the middle of the dorsum.

References

Arhopalini
Butterflies of Borneo
Butterflies described in 1889


A list of windmills in Scotland.

Locations

Aberdeenshire

Angus

Ayrshire

Banffshire

Berwickshire

Caithness

Clackmannanshire

Dumfriesshire

East Lothian

Fife

Forfarshire

Invernessshire

Kirkcudbrightshire

Kincardineshire

Lanarkshire

Midlothian

Morayshire

Orkney

Perthshire

Renfrewshire

Rossshire

Roxburghshire

Stirlingshire

West Lothian

Wigtownshire

Shetland

Sources

Unless stated otherwise, the source for all entries is  or

Maps

1773 Armstrong
1788 John McArthur
1816 Forrest
1824 Fowler
1826 Johnson
1828 John Thomson
All other dates are Ordnance Survey maps.

Notes

Mills in bold are still standing, known building dates are indicated in bold. Text in italics denotes indicates that the information is not confirmed, but is likely to be the case stated.

References

Windmills in Scotland
Scotland
windmills


A subwavelength-diameter optical fibre (SDF or SDOF) is an optical fibre whose diameter is less than the wavelength of the light being propagated through it. An SDF usually consists of long thick parts (same as conventional optical fibres) at both ends, transition regions (tapers) where the fibre diameter gradually decreases down to the subwavelength value, and a subwavelength-diameter waist, which is the main acting part. Due to such a strong geometrical confinement, the guided electromagnetic field in an SDF is restricted to a single mode called fundamental.

Name
There is no general agreement on how these optical elements are to be named; different groups prefer to emphasize different properties of such fibres, sometimes even using different terms. The names in use include subwavelength waveguide, subwavelength optical wire, subwavelength-diameter silica wire, subwavelength diameter fibre taper, (photonic) wire waveguide, photonic wire, photonic nanowire, optical nanowires, optical fibre nanowires, tapered (optical) fibre, fibre taper, submicron-diameter silica fibre, ultrathin optical fibres, optical nanofibre, optical microfibres, submicron fibre waveguides, micro/nano optical wires (MNOW).

The term waveguide can be applied not only to fibres, but also to other waveguiding structures such as silicon photonic subwavelength waveguides. The term submicron is often synonymous to subwavelength, as the majority of experiments are carried out using light with a wavelength between 0.5 and 1.6 µm. All the names with the prefix nano- are somewhat misleading, since it is usually applied to objects with dimensions on the scale of nanometers (e.g., nanoparticle, nanotechnology). The characteristic behaviour of the SDF appears when the fibre diameter is about half of the wavelength of light. That is why the term subwavelength is the most appropriate for these objects.

Manufacturing
An SDF is usually created by tapering a commercial, usually step-index, optical fibre. Special pulling machines accomplish the process.

An optical fibre usually consists of a core, a cladding, and a protective coating. Before pulling a fibre, its coating is removed (i.e., the fibre is stripped). The ends of the bare fibre are fixed onto movable "translation" stages on the machine. The middle of the fibre (between the stages) is then heated with a flame (such as of burning oxyhydrogen) or a laser beam; at the same time, the translation stages move in opposite directions. The glass melts and the fibre is elongated, while its diameter decreases.

Using the described method, waists between 1 and 10 mm in length and diameters down to 100 nm are obtained. In order to minimize the losses of light to unbound modes, one must control the pulling process so that the tapering angles satisfy the adiabatic condition by not exceeding a certain value, usually in the order of a few milliradian. For this purpose, a laser beam is coupled to the fibre being pulled and the output light is monitored by an optical power meter throughout the whole process. A good-quality SDF would transmit over 95% of the coupled light, most losses being due to scattering on the surface imperfections or impurities at the waist region.

If the fibre being tapered is uniformly pulled over a stationary heating source, the resulting SDF has an exponential radius profile. In many cases it is convenient to have a cylindrical waist region, that is the waist of a constant thickness. Fabrication of such a fibre requires continuous adjustments of the hotzone by moving the heating source, and the fabrication process becomes significantly longer.

Handling
Being extremely thin, an SDF is also extremely fragile. Therefore, an SDF is usually mounted onto a special frame immediately after pulling and is never detached from this frame. The common way of securing a fibre to the mount is by a polymer glue such as an epoxy resin or an optical adhesive.

Dust, however, may attach to the surface of an SDF. If significant laser power is coupled into the fibre, the dust particles will scatter light in the evanescent field, heat up, and may thermally destroy the waist. In order to prevent this, SDFs are pulled and used in dust-free environments such as flowboxes or vacuum chambers. For some applications, it is useful to immerse the freshly tapered SDF into purified water and thus protect the waist from contamination.

Applications

Applications include sensors, nonlinear optics, fibre couplers, atom trapping and guiding, quantum interface for quantum information processing, all-optical switches, optical manipulation of dielectric particles.

See also
 Double-clad fiber

References

Optical fiber
Photonics


Shaukat Fayyaz Ahmed Tarin (; born 1 January 1953) is a Pakistani politician and banker who served as Finance Minister of Pakistan from 2008 to 2010 in the Gillani cabinet also and worked with the help of the Pakistan People’s Party's cabinet members. On 27 December 2021, he was appointed the Finance Minister of Pakistan again, replacing the recently appointed Hammad Azhar after a cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister of Islamic Republic of Pakistan Imran Khan. He is the Member of the Senate of Pakistan since March 2018.

On 7 October 2008, he was appointed an adviser to the government and was elevated to the post of finance minister after being elected as a senator from Sindh on 27 July 2009. Tarin resigned from the ministry on 23 February 2010 to "raise equity from the market for Silkbank," which while working at finance ministry was "a clear conflict of interest."

Before his ministerial role, Tarin served as the country manager of Citibank and did tenures as head of Habib Bank, Union Bank, and twice as chairman of Karachi Stock Exchange. He currently sits on the board of Silkbank.

On 17 October 2021, he was appointed Advisor to Prime Minister on Finance and Revenue. He served as federal minister for finance and revenue till 17 October 2021 because he was unable to be elected as senator.

His name appeared in the Pandora Papers.

Banking career
Tarin is an ethnic Pashtun born to an army doctor in Multan. He got his initial education from Army Cantonment schools all over Pakistan and later got his MBA from University of the Punjab. He joined Citibank in 1975 and remained with it for 22 years rising to become its country manager in Thailand.

In 1997, then-PM Nawaz Sharif asked Tarin to turn around state-owned Habib Bank, for which he left the $1 million plus job in the United States. He, along with Zubyr Soomro at United Bank and Muhammad Mian Soomro at National Bank of Pakistan, were "successful in bringing the nationalised commercial banks (NCBs) back from virtual extinction."

He left HBL in 2000 to join Union Bank as its president. As the president of the Union Bank, Tarin was associated with the acquisition by Standard Chartered Bank of a 95.37% interest in Union Bank in September 2006. The amount paid was $487 million, in cash.

Shaukat Tarin has also been elected twice as chairman of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), the last one being in the year 2008.

Shaukat Tarin was a major stakeholder of Saudi Pak Commercial Bank (SPCB) and formed a consortium, along with senior banker Sadeq Sayeed, International Finance Corporation (IFC), BankMuscat, Nomura Holdings and Sinthos Capital to acquire an 86.55% stake in SPCB from Saudi Pak Industrial And Agricultural Investment Co. Ltd. for $213 million in cash on 31 March 2008. Subsequently, Saudi Pak was rebranded as Silkbank Limited on 1 June 2009 with a strategic focus on SME & Consumer financing for increased profitability.

Political career
Shaukat Tarin was appointed adviser to the finance ministry of Pakistan with a status of federal minister, on 7 October 2008. Prior to this appointment, Tarin was serving as the President of Saudi-Pak Commercial Bank (presently, Silk Bank). On 27 July 2009, he was elected senator unopposed from Sindh and subsequently, he was elevated to finance minister of Pakistan. As such, he heads the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (NEC) and the Economic Coordination Committee (ECC).

Tarin resigned from the ministry on 23 February 2010 to "raise equity from the market for Silkbank," which while working at finance ministry was "a clear conflict of interest."

He was appointed Federal Minister for finance and revenue affairs on 16 April 2021.

On 20 December 2021, Tarin was elected as a senator from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

On 27 December 2021, he took oath as Federal Minister of Finance and Revenue.

Member of Finance Committee
Shaukat Tarin is a member of the economic and finance committee since 18 April 2019 by Prime Minister Imran Khan. Shaukat Tarin is the convener of the committee to the Prime Minister. This committee will help the finance minister to stabilize the economy and will give their recommendations directly to Prime Minister Imran Khan.

See also
 Silkbank Limited

References

External links

 Silkbank

1953 births
Living people
Finance Ministers of Pakistan
Pakistani bankers
Pakistani economists
People from Multan
Forman Christian College alumni
Pakistani expatriates in Thailand
University of the Punjab alumni
Citigroup people
Pakistanis named in the Pandora Papers


Robyn Mary Parker (born 3 August 1958), is a former Australian politician, and was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Maitland for the Liberal Party from 2011 to 2015 and was previously a member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales between 2003 and 2011. Parker was the New South Wales Minister for the Environment and the Minister for Heritage in the O'Farrell government from 2011 until April 2014. Parker was succeeded by Rob Stokes in the Baird cabinet.

Early years and background
Parker was born to parents, Adeline and Campbell McEwen. Her family has its origins in the dairy farming district of Taranaki, New Zealand. She studied at the Palmerston North Teachers' College at Massey University, New Zealand and obtained a Diploma of Teaching. She subsequently worked as a development officer with a focus on Children's Services for the City of Sunshine between 1979 and 1980; a Family Day Care Co-ordinator for the City of Oakleigh between 1981 and 1982, and for Queensland Centacare between 1982 and 1983. After moving to Maitland in the mid-1980s, she was the Co-ordinator of a mobile resource service between 1984 and 1995 and she also taught child studies for TAFE between 1985 and 1992. At Maitland, she developed one of the first mobile community outreach programs for that city.

Her interest in politics became evident in 1999, when she became a political advisor to Senator John Tierney but left in November 2001 to become a manager at a skin cancer centre in Lake Macquarie.  At the clinic she developed and implemented a program to encourage women to take leadership positions within politics, particularly the Liberal party.

Parker was the Vice-President of the Liberal Party of New South Wales in 1997–2000, and was the president of the NSW Women's Council in 2000–2003. As head of the Liberal Women's Forum, she supported the training and mentoring of women in all levels of Government and initiated the Pathways to Political Leadership Programme.

Political career

Ministerial career
As Minister for the Environment, Parker has sought to increase penalties for pollution and develop an independent Environment Protection Authority. She pursued a science-based approach to recovery of threatened species and secured additional funding for these programs.

During Parker's ministry, the EPA also introduced an energy and waste policy aimed at business recycling across NSW, and programs to reduce the amount of waste going to landfill. In three years as heritage minister Parker delivered a record number of Maitland buildings to the state heritage register including Maitland's Jewish Cemetery.

During her time as Minister for the Environment, Parker also oversaw the creation of the most comprehensive air quality network in Australia
Securing the International World Parks Congress for Sydney in November 2014, greater support for Taronga Zoo's conservation program, the
introduction of legislation banning solaria, making NSW the second in the world to do so (a lead other states have followed) and provided increased funding for community, local government, not for profit and aboriginal heritage projects throughout New South Wales.

Parker and the Environment Protection Authority received a lot of criticism following a hexavalent chromium emission at Orica's ammonium nitrate plant in Newcastle in August 2011;. Parker refused to apologise for why there was a delay in informing the public of the spill claiming she was left off of a crucial departmental email. The Sydney Morning Herald reported " It was also reported that there was a pattern going back more than a decade with 32 documented serious pollution incidents in New South Wales since 1999 in which companies failed to notify authorities within 24 hours. Ms Parker has been criticised for not notifying the public about the incident until Thursday afternoon, three days later, despite being informed on Wednesday evening." The Parliamentary report showed that Parker was notified about the incident by the Office of Environment and Heritage on 10 August 2011 at 4.23pm. In the morning of 11 August 2011, the Premier's Chief of Staff was notified by Parker's office and Parker informed the parliament at 3:30pm. It was reported that Parker received media training from journalist John Mangos to handle the crisis. The head of Orica claimed he tried to contact Parker about the spill three times with no success. Parker responded "The time for Orica to contact the Government and environmental authorities was as soon as the Kooragang Island leak occurred – not seven days later". In November 2011, NSW Opposition Leader John Robertson called on the Premier to sack Parker saying "the job of a minister is to take responsibility for protecting the community and from day one, Ms Parker has clearly failed to live up to that standard". An upper house inquiry into the Orica incident was released in February 2012, the inquiry's report stated "The delay by the Minister for the Environment in informing the public regarding the leak, whether by press statement, ministerial statement or other means, was unacceptable" The inquiry also stated "in this instance Minister Parker's actions led to a great deal of political debate ultimately increasing public concern and confusion about the leak."

Immediately after the Orica incident the Government held an independent inquiry with an independent chairperson. Brendan O'Reilly, the former director general of the NSW Premier's department. Mr O'Reilly's report stated that "The public were exposed to the media reporting of the political debate with claims and counter claims being made. This resulted in increased concerns and confusion in the minds of the public."

On 11 October 2011, Parker introduced  the Protection of the Environment Legislation Amendment Bill into the Parliament aimed at strengthening the ability of the Environment Protection Authority to regulate serious pollution incidents by significantly improving notification requirements and pollution incident response management provisions and increase penalties for non-compliance.  The Bill was passed on 13 October 2011.

In a budget estimates hearing in 2011, Parker stated "logging protects koalas." In reference to this quote, Parker stated "[It] doesn't help koalas you know, this was a heated exchange," and "I was interrupted continuously and so I've missed a couple of words out in one sentence." Opposition environment spokesperson Luke Foley said that Parker had broken her government's promise of protecting koalas. Foley also said "Robyn Parker is allowing a national icon to be endangered thanks to her 'unsound ecological approach' "

In one of her last acts as Minister for Environment, Parker launched a master plan for Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. The plan was seen as controversial   and criticised by the opposition and former Australian of the Year Ian Kiernan as commercialisation of the gardens. Former Prime Minister Paul Keating also criticised the plan saying "While the government is spending a lot of money on a cultured headland park at Barangaroo to the west, the same government, with the authority of environment minister Robyn Parker, is spending money to destroy the gardens to the east".

In 2014 Rob Stokes succeeded Parker as the new Minister for the Environment in Premier Mike Baird's cabinet. Despite being endorsed as the candidate for the seat of Maitland, Parker announced her retirement from Parliament and did not contest the election held in March 2015.

Legislative Council
Parker was first touted as a Liberal candidate in 2000 However, she had to wait until 2002 to be pre-selected for the fifth position on the Liberal ticket, and was the seventh person elected on the combined Liberal/National ticket.

Parker was elected to the Legislative Council in 2003. Parker delivered her Inaugural speech on 20 May 2003. During her time in Parliament Parker chaired a number of high-profile inquiries, including the Operation and Management of the NSW Ambulance Service, the Bullying of Children and Young People, and the Building the Education Revolution. She also served as the Shadow Parliamentary Secretary for Education and Aboriginal Affairs and was Chair of the NSW Opposition's Hunter Taskforce.

In 2004 she spoke on the debate of the Criminal Procedure Amendment Sexual Offences Bill in the New South Wales Parliament. She supported the introduction of closed circuit television for victims to give their evidence in court as she had been a victim when she was nineteen in New Zealand. In the debate she pointed out the different standards that apply to rape victims compared to other victims of crime. She said that if "an assailant held you at knifepoint, asked you for your wallet and you complied, there is no question that a crime was committed. You would not be asked if you consented. You would not be asked if you had tried to resist. Only survivors of sexual assault are asked these questions."

Parker delivered her Valedictory Speech on 2 December 2010.

Parker decided to seek election to the Legislative Assembly to fulfil a desire to become involved in politics at a more local level and was elected as the first female Member for Maitland in March 2011 Parker was appointed Minister for Environment and Minister for Heritage in April 2011.

Legislative Assembly
On 19 February 2010, Parker was pre-selected by the Liberal Party to contest the semi-marginal Lower House seat of Maitland. At the 2011 election, Parker was elected with a swing of 20.3 per cent and won the seat with 56.3 per cent of the two-party vote. Her main competitor was the incumbent sitting member, Labor's Frank Terenzini.

In her inaugural speech to the Parliament Parker noted her aspirations as a member of the Liberal party to follow the lead of Menzies who named the party as a party of long-term vision, progressive rather than reactionary. Parker delivered her inaugural speech on 3 May 2011.

As one of the fastest growing regional electorates in the country, infrastructure expenditure centring around roads, transport, schools and Hospitals was a priority during Parker’s term.

Funding was secured, a site was selected, and planning commenced for a new teaching hospital. The new Hunter Expressway opened, A new overpass to reduce traffic congestion was built, and further road and rail projects were undertaken.

Community Funding Initiatives in the Maitland electorate included an upgrade to the Maitland Hospital mental health unit, a new grandstand for the sportsground, and one of the first Service NSW sites was established.

School funding initiatives included new environmental projects, and new playgrounds. Parker lobbied and achieved funding for a complete school rebuild for Hunter River Community School, and Rutherford Technology High School received a $15 million upgrade.

Post Political Career
After leaving parliament Parker resumed her career in community services. In 2015 Parker was appointed as Chief Executive Officer ageing and disability services, Delphis Australia. Parker has been appointed as a non-executive director to a number of not-for-profit and government boards including: Taronga Conservation Society, NextSense (formerly Royal Institute For Deaf And Blind Children), Hume Community Housing, Hunter Local Land Services, The Heritage Council of New South Wales.

Personal life
Parker is married to David and has three children Dylan, Chelsea and Heath and two stepchildren Ben and Tim. Her husband stood for the seat of Newcastle in the 2003 election.

Parker told parliament in 2004 that she had been raped as a teenager and nailed her bedroom windows shut in the aftermath. In 2009 it was revealed that her eldest son, Dylan, then aged 22, made and flew paper planes and had become one of the world's best, while simultaneously dealing with the sudden discovery of a brain tumour. His story was broadcast in an episode of the ABC TV program Australian Story.

References

Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales
1958 births
Living people
Australian people of New Zealand descent
Massey University alumni
21st-century Australian politicians
Women members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Women members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
21st-century Australian women politicians


In computer graphics, a hierarchical RBF is an interpolation method based on Radial basis functions (RBF). Hierarchical RBF interpolation has applications in the construction of shape models in 3D computer graphics (see Stanford Bunny image below), treatment of results from a 3D scanner, terrain reconstruction, and others.

This problem is informally named as "large scattered data point set interpolation."

The steps of the method (for example in 3D) consist of the following:
 Let the scattered points be presented as set
 Let there exist a set of values of some function in scattered points
 Find a function  that will meet the condition  for points lying on the shape and  for points not lying on the shape
 As J. C. Carr et al. showed, this function looks like  where:
 — is RBF;
 — is coefficients that are the solution of the system shown in the picture:

For determination of surface, it is necessary to estimate the value of function  in interesting  points x.
A lack of such method is a considerable complication   to calculate RBF, solve system, and determine surface.

Other methods
 Reduce interpolation centers ( to calculate RBF and solve system,  to determine surface)
 Compactly support RBF ( to calculate RBF,  to solve system,  to determine surface)
 FMM  ( to calculate RBF,  to solve system,  to determine surface)

Hierarchical algorithm

An idea of hierarchical algorithm is an acceleration of calculations due to decomposition of intricate problems on the great number of simple (see picture).

In this case, hierarchical division of space contains points on elementary parts, and the system of small dimension solves for each. The calculation of surface in this case is taken to the hierarchical (on the basis of tree-structure) calculation of interpolant. A method for a 2D case is offered by Pouderoux J. et al. For a 3D case, a method is used in the tasks of 3D graphics by W. Qiang et al. and modified by Babkov V.

References

Geometric algorithms
Computer graphics
Interpolation


I Wanna See You Bellydance is a 1998 album by the Red Elvises.

Track listing
Rocketman
Hello from Istanbul
I Wanna See You Bellydance
Voodoo Doll
Gypsy Heart
El Nino
Hawaii
I'm not that Kind of Guy
Sad Cowboy Song
Stewardess in Red
200 Flying Girls (Rocketman's Dream)
All I Wanna Do (is make love to you)
After the Carnival

Credits

Zhenya - guitars, vocals
Avi - drums, vocals
Igor - vocals, guitar
Oleg - bass, vocals

Guest performers:
Dimitri Mamokhin - trumpet
Gary Herbig - Sax and flute
Leo "Groovitz" Chelyapov - clarinet
Skip Waring - trombone
Chris Golden - fretless bass

Recorded at USMP Studios, Hollywood CA under the watchful ear of Svet Lazarov
Art and design by Human Fly Graphics / Go Man Go Design
With special guest Pain-in-the-ass "Art Director" Oleg Bernov

External links
 Official site

Red Elvises albums
1999 albums


Pictures – 40 Years of Hits is a compilation album by the British rock band Status Quo, and was released on 10 November 2008. The album was available as a standard double CD, a double CD + DVD "deluxe edition", and the four-CD "earBOOK" boxset, containing the single versions of all 76 Status Quo singles (including five singles in collaboration with other acts) from 1968 to 2008 inclusive, housed in a box that included a 120-page booklet and reproduction prints of fifty versions of Status Quo single and album covers recreated by famous musicians and celebrities. The original artwork was later auctioned off to raise money for the Prince's Trust, a charity Status Quo has long supported.

Track listing

Disc 1
 "Pictures of Matchstick Men" – 3:09
 "Ice in the Sun" – 2:10
 "Down the Dustpipe" – 2:02
 "In My Chair" – 3:13
 "Paper Plane" – 2:58
 "Mean Girl" – 3:36
 "Caroline" – 3:47
 "Break the Rules" – 3:38
 "Down Down" – 3:51
 "Roll Over Lay Down" (live) – 5:41
 "Rain" – 4:34
 "Mystery Song" – 3:59
 "Wild Side of Life" – 3:16
 "Rockin' All Over the World" – 3:34
 "Again and Again" – 3:40
 "Whatever You Want" – 3:48
 "Living on an Island" – 3:48
 "What You're Proposing" – 3:52
 "Lies" – 3:54
 "Don't Drive My Car" – 4:13

Disc 2
 "Something 'Bout You Baby I Like" – 2:39
 "Rock 'n' Roll" – 3:50
 "Dear John" – 3:11
 "Ol' Rag Blues" – 2:46
 "A Mess of Blues" – 3:20
 "Marguerita Time" – 3:20
 "The Wanderer" – 3:21
 "Rollin' Home" – 3:58
 "Red Sky" – 4:10
 "In the Army Now" – 3:40
 "Ain't Complaining" – 3:58
 "Burning Bridges (On and Off and On Again)" – 3:51
 "The Anniversary Waltz – Part One" – 5:32
 "I Didn't Mean It" – 3:22
 "Fun, Fun, Fun" (with The Beach Boys) – 3:03
 "Jam Side Down" – 3:28
 "You'll Come 'Round" – 3:24
 "The Party Ain't Over Yet" – 3:51
 "Beginning of the End" – 3:17
 "It's Christmas Time" – 4:11

 On the Australian and New Zealand releases, "Ol' Rag Blues" was omitted and the track "Jump That Rock (Whatever You Want)" by Scooter vs. Status Quo was included at the end of disc 2 instead.

Deluxe edition
Discs 1 and 2 as standard edition.

DVD track listing
 Interview with Francis Rossi – 28:04
 Interview with Rick Parfitt – 24:10
 "Running All Over the World" – 3:35
 "Can't Give You More" – 3:43
 "Rock 'Til You Drop"
 "Sherri Don't Fail Me Now" – 2:50
 "Restless"  – 4:10
 "I Didn't Mean It" – 3:24
 "The Way It Goes" – 3:18
 "Jam Side Down" – 3:31
 "You'll Come 'Round" – 3:22
 "Thinking of You" – 3:37
 "The Party Ain't Over Yet" – 4:21
 "Beginning of the End" – 3:19
 "Jump That Rock (Whatever You Want)" – 3:25

4-CD "earBOOK" track listing

Disc 1

Disc 2

Disc 3

Disc 4

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2008 compilation albums
Status Quo (band) compilation albums
Universal Records compilation albums


Matthew William Wagner (born April 4, 1972), is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played in  with the Seattle Mariners. He batted and threw right-handed. Wagner had a 3-5 record, with a 6.86 ERA, in 15 games, in his one-year career. He was drafted by the Mariners in the 3rd round of the 1994 amateur draft.

References

External links

Baseball Almanac

1972 births
Living people
Seattle Mariners players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Iowa
Appleton Foxes players
Port City Roosters players
Tacoma Rainiers players
West Palm Beach Expos players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
New Jersey Jackals players
Allentown Ambassadors players
Pennsylvania Road Warriors players
Newark Bears players
Atlantic City Surf players
People from Cedar Falls, Iowa
Iowa State Cyclones baseball players
Long Island Ducks players


The 2008–09 CEV Cup was the 37th edition of the European CEV Cup volleyball club tournament.

Lokomotiv-Belogorie Belgorod beat Panathinaikos Athens in the finale. Colombian Liberman Agamez was chosen the Most Valuable Player of the tournament.

Participating teams

Main phase

16th Finals
The 16 winning teams from the 1/16 Finals will compete in the 1/8 Finals playing Home & Away matches. The losers of the 1/16 Final matches will qualify for the 3rd round in Challenge Cup.

|}

First leg

|}

Second leg

|}

8th Finals

|}

First leg

|}

Second leg

|}

4th Finals

|}

First leg

|}

Second leg

|}

Challenge phase

|}

First leg

|}

Second leg

|}

Final phase
Venue:  Athens Olympic Indoor Hall, Athens

Semi finals

|}

3rd place

|}

Final

|}

Final standing

Awards

Most valuable player
  Liberman Agamez (Panathinaikos Athens)
Best setter
  Denis Ignatyev (Lokomotiv-Belogorie Belgorod)
Best receiver
  Renaud Herpe (Panathinaikos Athens)

Best blocker
  Vladimir Nikolov (Bre Banca Lannutti Cuneo)
Best spiker
  Ilias Lappas (Panathinaikos Athens)
Best server
  Sergey Khoroshev (Lokomotiv-Belogorie Belgorod)
Best scorer
  Liberman Agamez (Panathinaikos Athens)

References

External links
 CEV Cup 08-09

2008-09
2008 in volleyball
2009 in volleyball


This article discusses occupational therapy (OT) in the United Kingdom.

Overview
Every year around 1,500 new students embark on training to become registered occupational therapists. To qualify as an occupational therapist one is required undertake an approved programme of study at one of the 31 UK universities offering occupational therapy education. There are a variety of full and part-time programmes available in occupational therapy the UK, most are Bachelor of Science (with Honours) degrees; some are Postgraduate Diplomas, others are Master's degrees.

All programmes must be approved by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) as meeting their minimum standards. This approval is mandatory in order for the graduates to be registered to practice. In contrast, accreditation is a voluntary process which confers further recognition of a programme by the Royal College of Occupational Therapists (RCOT). Those universities that continue to be accredited have committed to working in partnership with the professional body (the RCOT) to maintain high standards of education and practice, and to steer the profession's development within the UK and abroad.

The content of programmes varies but all combine both practice and academic study. Academic components may include anatomy and physiology,  psychology and sociology, occupational therapy knowledge and skills, creative and management skills, therapeutic interventions, environmental adaptations and research methods and applications.

History
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the establishment of public health measures to control infectious diseases included the building of fever hospitals.  Patients with tuberculosis were recommended to have a regime of prolonged bed rest followed by a gradual increase in exercise.  Dr Philip, a Scottish physician, prescribed graded activity from complete rest through to gentle exercise and eventually to activities such as digging, sawing, carpentry and window cleaning.  During this period a farm colony near Edinburgh and a village settlement near Papworth in Cambridgeshire were established, both of which aimed to employ people in appropriate long-term work prior to their return to open employment.

During and after the First World War, casualties amongst young men resulted in an acute shortage of manpower in the workforce.  The need to re-establish these men in open employment facilitated the growth of OT in the treatment of those with physical disabilities. Curative workshops were opened within military hospitals, based on similar workshops already established in the United States, and were equipped with tools and machinery to exercise joints and muscles.  Based on these workshops the first occupational therapy department in Scotland was opened in 1936 at the Astley Ainslie Institution in Edinburgh, where at the same time the first Occupational Therapy Training Centre was opened.

Margaret Barr Fulton became the first occupational therapist to work in the United Kingdom in 1925. She qualified at the Philadelphia School in the United States and was appointed to the Aberdeen Royal Hospital for mental patients where she worked until her retirement in 1963.  During that time, she gained an international reputation for her department and for her part in the development of both the Scottish Association (SAOT) and the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). OT was introduced into England by Dr Elizabeth Casson who had visited similar establishments in America. In 1929 she established her own residential clinic in Bristol, Dorset House, for "women with mental disorders", and worked as its medical director. It was here in 1930 that she founded the first school of occupational therapy in the UK, Dorset House, The Promenade, Clifton. Its first Principal was Constance Tebbit (later Owens) who returned from training as an occupational therapist in Philadelphia to take up her post. She later went on to set up the Liverpool School of Occupational Therapy. She opened Dorset House School of Occupational Therapy in Bristol in 1930. Her interest in occupational therapy continued with involvement in the Association of Occupational Therapists (AOT), established in 1936. The Second World War added impetus to the development of occupational therapy as the profession played a vital role in the rehabilitation and re-establishment of wounded soldiers into the workforce.

Motivations of occupational therapists
Occupational therapists work from an understanding that there is a relationship between the things that people do and their health and well-being
This is a list of some of the characteristics of occupations, as discussed in literature in the last decade:

	Occupations are activities both meaningful and purposeful to the individual performing them
	They also usually have sociocultural meaning
	Occupations fill and structure time
	They tend to be grouped according to purpose: self-care, leisure and productivity (or work)
	They support roles and participation in society
	Occupations contribute to the individual's sense of identity
	Activities are not occupations if they are involuntary, or if they are aimed at a goal which does not involve individual meaning and participation

It has been suggested that occupation can be defined simply as "doing, being and becoming", a simple definition which captures the notion of subjectively meaningful activity which results in some kind of transformation in the "doer".

The word occupation has a relatively precise usage in the fields of occupational therapy and occupational science but other disciplines (such as anthropology, psychology, leisure studies) have an interest in the human activities. It can be argued that all activities are meaningful, given that they are socially situated, symbolic constructs, and so the understanding of an activity as an occupation rests, perhaps on personal meaningfulness.

References

Occupational therapy
Healthcare occupations in the United Kingdom


The 2008 African Women's Championship was the 8th edition of the biennial African women's association football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football held between 15 and 29 November 2008 in and won by Equatorial Guinea.

Qualification

Qualified teams

 (hosts)

 (debut)

 (debut)

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage

Semi-finals

Third-place match

Final

Awards

Statistics

Goalscorers

External links
Information on the 2008 edition (archived) at Feminine Football France
Tournament at Soccerway
 2008 edition records and results at RSSSF

2008 African Women's Championship
Women's Africa Cup of Nations tournaments
2008 in African football
International association football competitions hosted by Equatorial Guinea
2008 in women's association football
2008 in Equatoguinean sport


Shadley van Schalkwyk (born 5 August 1988) is a South African cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler who currently plays for Seattle Thunderbolts & Los Angeles Knight Riders. He was born in Cape Town.

Van Schalkwyk's first cricketing appearances came for Wynberg Boys' High School in a tour of Pakistan at the beginning of the 2006–07 season, playing against various Pakistani schools.

Van Schalkwyk made his List A debut in February 2008, scoring a steady 17 runs from the lower order, finishing not out. He made one further List A appearance during the season. He represented South Africa Academy at the Academy Cup competition of 2007–08. So far this season, Van Schalkwyk has made two List A appearances for Western Province.

Moving to The Knights for the 2008/2009, he has played 5 List A Matches for the amateur Free State side, and 1 First-class match for The Knights itself. He was included in the Free State cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup.

In August 2017, he was named in Nelson Mandela Bay Stars' squad for the first season of the T20 Global League. However, in October 2017, Cricket South Africa initially postponed the tournament until November 2018, with it being cancelled soon after.

In September 2018, he was named in Free State's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. In September 2019, he was named in Free State's squad for the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup.

In June 2021, Shadley was named in the Minor League Cricket team for the Seattle Thunderbolts.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Cricketers from Cape Town
South African cricketers
Free State cricketers
Western Province cricketers
Alumni of Wynberg Boys' High School


Godfrey Ssali (born February 6, 1977) is a Ugandan football (soccer) midfielder for Ugandan Premier League club Express FC.

Career
He began his career by Police Jinja in the Ugandan Premier League, before 2004 moving to Express FC.

International career
He played from 2003 between 2004 for the Uganda national football team.

External links

1977 births
Ugandan men's footballers
Uganda men's international footballers
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Express FC players


The Bay of Ceuta is a bay on the African coast of the Straits of Gibraltar. It accounts for the majority of the north coast of the Spanish city of Ceuta. It stretches from Punta Blanca in the west to Isla de Santa Catalina, off the coast of the Península de Almina in the east, a distance of eight kilometres (five miles). Ceuta's harbour lies on the bay.

References

Bays of Spain
Landforms of Ceuta


Santa Catalina is a small island off the north coast of the Península de Almina in Ceuta, Spain.

Santa Catalina
Landforms of Ceuta


The Liberty Bell is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Liberty Bell may also refer to:

Liberty Bell replicas
Liberty Bell (Oregon State Capitol), Salem Oregon
Liberty Bell (Portland, Oregon)
Liberty Bell Museum, Allentown, Pennsylvania
Justice Bell (Valley Forge), a replica in Pennsylvania representing women's suffrage
Freedom Bell, Berlin, Germany
Freedom Bell, American Legion, Washington, D.C.
State Museum of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Music
"The Liberty Bell" (march), an 1893 composition by John Philip Sousa
"Liberty Bell (It's Time to Ring Again)", a 1917 song composed by Joe Goodwin and Halsey K. Mohr
The Liberty Bell (band), an American 1960s garage rock band
Liberty Bell (album) or Fatty Gets a Stylist, an album by Fatty Gets a Stylist, 2011
"Liberty Bell", a song by The Gathering from How to Measure a Planet?, 1998

Other uses
The Liberty Bell (annual), an abolitionist publication from the 1800s
Liberty Bell (game), a 19th-century slot machine
Liberty Bell 7, one of the spacecraft of the Mercury spaceflight program
Liberty Bell Mountain, a mountain in Washington, U.S.
Liberty Bell Park Racetrack, a defunct horse racing track in Philadelphia that operated 1963–1986
Liberty Bell Ruby, largest mined ruby in the world, found in east Africa in the 1950s
"Liberty Bell of the West", a bell in Kaskaskia, Illinois, U.S.

See also
Liberty Belle (disambiguation)


The Península de Almina is a peninsula making up much of the eastern part of the Spanish city of Ceuta in Africa. It is dominated by the peak of Monte Hacho. The peninsula contains Ceuta's easternmost point, Punta Almina, and is connected to the rest of Ceuta by an isthmus barely  in width.

The small Isla de Santa Catalina lies off the peninsula's north coast.

References

Landforms of Ceuta
Peninsulas of Spain


Surfing in Siberia is a 1997 album by the Red Elvises.

Track listing
Surfing in Siberia
Here I Am in Hollywood
Siberia
Hungarian Dance #5
Don't Stop the Dance
Give Me One More Chance
Love Pipe
Jerry's Got the Squeeze Box
I Wanna Rock'n'Roll All Night
My Darling Lorraine
Three Alley Cats
Rock'n'Roll Music
Ukrainian Dance #13

Credits

Igor Yuzov - Guitar, Vocals
Zhenya Kolykhanov - Guitar, Vocals
Oleg Bernov - Guitar (Bass), Vocals
Avi Sills - Drums, Vocals
Barry Conley - Mixing
Gazelle Gaignaire - Photography
Jeff King - Engineer, Mastering, Mixing, Producer
Mike Melnick - Engineer

References

External links
 Official site

Red Elvises albums
1997 albums


In Spain, the legal designation Conjunto histórico (formerly Conjunto Histórico-Artístico or "Historic-Artistic Grouping") is part of the national system of heritage listing.  It is applied to buildings in a given locality. It is typically used to protect complete villages, such as Peñaranda de Duero, or historic quarters of towns such as Avilés.

Conjunto means "group", and as a group listing, the Conjunto histórico is comparable with the British concept of a Conservation Area.
Conjunto histórico is a sub-category within a broader category of Bien de Interés Cultural, which protects Spain's cultural heritage and is regulated by the country's Ministry of Culture. As well as conjuntos históricos, the category of Bien de Interés Cultural includes the following sub-categories of non-movable heritage:
 Jardín histórico, historic garden (for example the gardens of Aranjuez)
 Monumento
 Sitio histórico (for example the Bulls of Guisando)
 Zona arqueológica, archaeological zone (for example the Archaeological Site of Atapuerca)

A Conjunto histórico may include buildings which are individually protected as monuments, as is the case at, for example, Peñaranda de Duero or Covarrubias.

Examples
Nogal de las Huertas (1931)
Avilés (1955)
Covarrubias (1965)
Sos del Rey Católico (1968)
Daroca (1968)
Sanlúcar de Barrameda (1973)
Peñaranda de Duero (1974)
Santa Cruz de La Palma (1975)
La Orotava (1976)
Garachico (1994)
Gumiel de Izán (2003)
Frías (2005)

See also
UNESCO World Heritage Site

Notes

External links
  "Patrimony and protected cultural goods", Ministry of Culture
  Guía de Conjuntos Histórico-Artísticos declarados en España.

Heritage registers in Spain
Urban planning in Spain
Architecture in Spain
Cultural history of Spain


Grooving to the Moscow Beat is a 1996 album by the Red Elvises.

Track listing
 Grooving to the Moscow Beat
 Boogie on the Beach
 Good Golly Miss Molly
 Please Don't Tell Me What I Did Last Night
 Tango
 Shooba-Doobah (Elvis's Vacation)
 My Love is Killing Me
 Leech
 Elvis and Bears
 Schorchi Chorniye
 Harriett
 Ballad of Elvis and Priscilla
 Sad Cowboy Song
 Romantic Junk

Credits

 Igor Yuzov - Guitar, Vocals
 Zhenya Kholykanov - Guitar
 Andrey Baranov - Drums
 Oleg Bernov - Bass, Vocals
 Jen Cass - Vocals
 Leo Chelyapov - Clarinet, Saxophone
 Igor Khramov - Trombone, Vocals
 Svetoslav Lazarov - Engineer
 Gazelle Gaignaire - Photography

External links
 Red Elvises' official site
 Grooving To The Moscow Beat on iTunes

Red Elvises albums
1996 albums


The Spartan Constitution (or Spartan politeia) are the government and laws of the classical Greek city-state of Sparta. All classical Greek city-states had a politeia; the politeia of Sparta however, was noted by many classical authors for its unique features, which supported a rigidly layered social system and a strong hoplite army.

The Spartans had no historical records, literature, or written laws, which were, according to tradition, prohibited. Attributed to the mythical figure of Lycurgus, the legendary law-giver, the Spartan system of government is known mostly from the Constitution of the Lacedaemonians, a treatise attributed to the ancient Greek historian Xenophon, describing the institutions, customs, and practices of the ancient Spartans.

The act of  the foundation

Great Rhetra

According to Plutarch, Lycurgus (to whom is attributed the establishment of the severe reforms for which Sparta has become renowned, sometime in the 9th century BC) first sought counsel from the god Apollo by obtaining an oracle from Delphi regarding the formation of his government. The divine proclamation, which he received in this manner, is known as a "rhetra" and is given in part by Plutarch as follows:

When thou hast built a temple to Zeus Syllanius and Athena Syllania, divided the people into 'phylai' and into 'obai', and established a senate of thirty members, including the 'archagetai', then from time to time 'appellazein' between Babyca and Cnacion, and there introduce and rescind measures; but the people must have the deciding voice and the power.

Plutarch provides by way of explanation: "In these clauses, the "phylai" and the "obai" refer to divisions and distributions of the people into clans and phratries, or brotherhoods; by "archagetai" the kings are designated, and "appellazein" means to assemble the people, with a reference to Apollo, the Pythian god, who was the source and author of the polity. The Babyca is now called Cheimarrus, and the Cnacion Oenus; but Aristotle says that Cnacion is a river, and Babyca a bridge."

Another version of the rhetra is given by H. Michell:

After having built a temple to Zeus Syllanius and Athene Syllania, and having 'phyled the phyles' (φυλάς φυλάξαντα) and 'obed the obes' (ώβάς ώβάξαντα) you shall establish a council of thirty elders, the leaders included.

That is to say that after the people had been divided according to their different tribes ("phyles" and "obes"), they would welcome the new Lycurgan reforms

Laws of Lycurgus
The Spartans had no historical records, literature, or written laws, which were, according to tradition, expressly prohibited by an ordinance of Lycurgus, excluding the Great Rhetra.

Issuance of coinage was forbidden. Spartans were obliged to use iron obols (bars or spits), meant to encourage self-sufficiency and discourage avarice and the hoarding of wealth.  A Spartan citizen in good standing (a Spartiate) was one who maintained his fighting skills, showed bravery in battle, ensured that his farms were productive, was married and had healthy children.  Spartiate women were the only Greek women to hold property rights on their own, and were required to practice sports before marriage.  Although they had no formal political rights, they were expected to speak their minds boldly and their opinions were heard.

Structure of Spartan society and government
Spartan society can be represented by a three-layer pyramid ruled by the government.

Society

Spartiates

Spartiates were full citizens of the Spartan state (or part of the demos). Most inhabitants of Sparta were not considered citizens. Only those who had successfully undertaken military training, called the agoge, and who were members in good standing of syssitia (mess hall), were eligible. Usually, the only people eligible to receive the agoge were sons of Spartiate—men who could trace their ancestry to the original inhabitants of the city. There were two exceptions to this rule. Trophimoi ("foster sons") were foreign teenagers invited to study. This was meant as a supreme honour.  The pro-Spartan Athenian magnate Xenophon sent his two sons to Sparta for their education as trophimoi.  Alcibiades, being an Alcmaeonid and thus a member of a family with old and strong connections to Sparta, was admitted as a trophimos and famously excelled in the agoge as well as otherwise (he was rumoured to have seduced one of the two queen consorts with his exceptional looks).  The other exception was that a helot's son could be enrolled as syntrophoi (comrades, literally "the ones fed, or reared, together") if a Spartiate formally adopted him and paid his way.

A free-born Spartan who had successfully completed the agoge became a "peer" (ὅμοιος, hómoios, literally "similar") with full civil rights at the age of 20, and remained one as long as he could contribute his equal share of grain to the syssitia, a common military mess in which he was obliged to dine every evening for as long as he was battle-worthy (usually until the age of 60). The hómoioi were also required to sleep in the barracks until the age of 30, regardless of whether they were married or not.

Perioeci
Others in the state were the Perioeci or Períoikoi, a social class and population group of non-citizen inhabitants. The Perioeci were free, unlike the helots, but were not full Spartan citizens. They had a central role in the Spartan economy, controlling commerce and business, as well as being responsible for crafts and manufacturing.

Helots

Helots were the state-owned serfs who made up 90 percent of the population. They were citizens of conquered states, such as Messenia who were conquered for their fertile land during the First Messenian War.

Government
The Doric state of Sparta, copying the Doric Cretans, instituted a mixed governmental state: it was composed of elements of monarchical, oligarchical, and democratic systems. Isocrates refers to the Spartans as "subject to an oligarchy at home, to a kingship on campaign" (iii. 24).

Dual Kingship
The state was ruled by two hereditary kings of the Agiad and the Eurypontid families, both descendants of Heracles and equal in authority so that one could not act against the power and political enactments of his colleague, though the Agiad king received greater honour by virtue of seniority of his family for being the "oldest extant" (Herod. vi. 5).

There are several legendary explanations for this unusual dual kingship, which differ only slightly; for example, that King Aristodemus had twin sons, who agreed to share the kingship, and this became perpetual. Modern scholars have advanced various theories to account for the anomaly. Some theorise that this system was created in order to prevent absolutism, and is paralleled by the analogous instance of the dual consuls of Rome. Others believe that it points to a compromise arrived at to end the struggle between two families or communities. Other theories suggest that this was an arrangement that was met when a community of villages combined to form the city of Sparta. Subsequently the two chiefs from the largest villages became kings. Another theory suggests that the two royal houses represent respectively the Spartan conquerors and their Achaean predecessors: those who hold this last view appeal to the words attributed by Herodotus (v. 72) to Cleomenes I: "I am no Dorian, but an Achaean"; although this is usually explained by the (equally legendary) descent of Aristodemus from Heracles. Either way, kingship in Sparta was hereditary and thus every king Sparta had was a descendant of the Agiad and the Eurypontid families. Accession was given to the male child who was first born after a king's accession.

The duties of the kings were primarily religious, judicial, and militaristic. They were the chief priests of the state, and performed certain sacrifices and also maintained communication with the Delphic sanctuary, which always exercised great authority in Spartan politics. In the time of Herodotus (about 450 BC), their judicial functions had been restricted to cases dealing with heiresses, adoptions and the public roads. Civil cases were decided by the ephors, and criminal jurisdiction had been passed to the ephors, as well as to a council of elders. By 500 BC the Spartans had become increasingly involved in the political affairs of the surrounding city-states, often putting their weight behind pro-Spartan candidates. Shortly before 500 BC, as described by Herodotus, such an action fueled a confrontation between Sparta and Athens, when the two kings, Demaratus and Cleomenes, took their troops to Athens. However, just before the heat of battle, King Demaratus changed his mind about attacking the Athenians and abandoned his co-king. For this reason, Demaratus was banished, and eventually found himself at the side of Persian King Xerxes for his invasion of Greece twenty years later (480 BC), after which the Spartans enacted a law demanding that one king remain behind in Sparta while the other commanded the troops in battle.

Aristotle describes the kingship at Sparta as "a kind of unlimited and perpetual generalship" (Pol. iii. I285a), Here also, however, the royal prerogatives were curtailed over time. Dating from the period of the Persian wars, the king lost the right to declare war, and was accompanied in the field by two ephors. He was supplanted also by the ephors in the control of foreign policy. Over time, the kings became mere figureheads except in their capacity as generals. Real power was transferred to the ephors and to the gerousia.

Despite eventually losing much of their power, the kings retained much respect in the religious sense. They were highly revered after death, with elaborate mourning rituals described as duties of both Spartiates and Perioeci. In addition, there tended to be extreme reluctance to execute them for crimes; even in cases of a king being convicted of treason, he was often given the opportunity to seek asylum in other states.

Ephors
The ephors, chosen by popular election from the whole body of citizens, represented a democratic element in the constitution.

After the ephors were introduced, they, together with the two kings, were the executive branch of the state. Ephors themselves had more power than anyone in Sparta, although the fact that they only stayed in power for a single year reduced their ability to conflict with already established powers in the state. Since reelection was not possible, an ephor who abused his power, or confronted an established power center, would have to suffer retaliation.  Although the five ephors were the only officials with regular legitimization by popular vote, in practice they were often the most conservative force in Spartan politics.

Gerousia
Sparta had a special policy maker, the Gerousia, a council consisting of 28 elders over the age of 60, elected for life and usually part of the royal households, and the two kings. High state policy decisions were discussed by this council who could then propose action alternatives to the demos.

Ekklesia
The collective body of Spartan citizenry would select one of the alternatives by voting.  Unlike most Greek poleis, the Spartan citizen assembly (Ekklesia), could neither set the agenda of issues to be decided, nor debate them, merely vote on the alternatives presented to them.  Neither could foreign embassies or emissaries address the assembly; they had to present their case to the Gerousia, which would then consult with the Ephors.  Sparta considered all discourse from outside as a potential threat and all other states as past, present, or future enemies, to be treated with caution in the very least, even when bound with alliance treaties.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Constitution
Ancient Greek constitutions
Diarchies


Alfred Shipley Matts (2 April 1893 — 20 June 1970) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a left-arm bowler who played for Leicestershire.

Matts was born in Barrow-upon-Soar and died in Anstey.

Matts made a single first-class appearance for the team, in 1921, against Yorkshire. From the lower order, he scored three runs in the first innings in which he batted and a duck in the second innings, as Leicestershire lost the game by an innings margin.

Notes

External links
Alfred Matts at Cricket Archive

1893 births
1970 deaths
English cricketers
Leicestershire cricketers
People from Barrow upon Soar
Cricketers from Leicestershire


San Martín, Obispo de Tours is a Renaissance-style, Roman Catholic archpresbyteral church (iglesia arciprestal) located in the town of in Callosa de Segura, Alicante, Spain.  It has been declared a historic monument.

History
It was built in the 16th century and is an example of a Renaissance hall-church, with a nave and two aisles of equal height with vaults resting on tall classical columns, responding to a model not found elsewhere in province of Valencia. The main facade belongs to the late Gothic style, adorned with archivolts, on which is inscribed (in Latin) "This is the House of God, this is the Gate of Heaven".

In the 17th century a belfry was built (with five bells, named - from the highest to lowest - la Martina, la Purísima, San José, Sagrado Corazón and Santísimo Sacramento) was added. In the 18th century Rococo interior decoration and an enormous internal central cupola were added, and the Sacristy and Chapel of the Communion were added in that century in the Neoclassical style.

Inside the church are important jewelled works by Miguel de Vera (16th century), such as an image-reliquary of Saint Martin, the Archiprestal cross and the Processional Crook, as well as passiflora sculptures and contemporary altarpieces by Rabasa, Noguera, and others.

References

External links

Churches in the Valencian Community
16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Renaissance architecture in the Valencian Community
Gothic architecture in the Valencian Community
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Alicante


Loka () is a settlement in the Municipality of Starše in the Styria region of Slovenia.

References

External links
Loka on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Starše


The Entertainer is the third  studio album by Nigerian Afrobeats recording artist  D'banj, released in 2008. Production on the album was handled by Don Jazzy. It features guest appearances from Wande Coal, Special Kid, and Kayswitch 'D Produkt’. It was supported by seven singles—"Fall in Love", "Gbono Feli Feli", "Suddenly", "Kimon", "Igwe", "Olorun Maje", and "Entertainer". The album was named in reference to D'banj's skill as an entertainer. The album was a commercial success due largely to radio airplay, distribution, and marketing strategies.

Background
Commenting on the album, D'banj said: "I tried not to remind my listeners of the high level of unemployment, poverty, disease, electricity outage including the pains and all the troubles in this world. The concept is to keep it live and happy. All the songs are my personal experiences and journey through life. I hope to touch everyone with this album and I pray the people find it worthwhile."

Reception
The album was met with great reception throughout Africa, but performed best in Ghana and Nigeria. The tracks "Gbono Feli Feli", "Igwe", and "Suddenly" influenced Africa's nightlife. The song "Fall in Love" was also met with commercial success, getting the most airplay from the album.

Singles
According to Bellanaija, "the music video for "Suddenly" was shot on location at Chief Razak Okoya's ‘Oluwa Ni Ishola’ Estate and directed by Sesan Ogunro. It features D’Banj, a bevy of scantily clad women, Ikechukwu, Wande Coal, Don Baba J and the rest of the Mo Hits Crew."
The music video for "Kimon" was directed by Sesan.
A video uploaded to YouTube shows the Kokomaster performing  "Igwe" with Wande Coal. D'banj also performed the song at the 2012 Hackney Weekend in London.
"Olorun Maje" is a single from his third studio album.
"Entertainer" is a single from this album.
"Gbono Feli Feli" was produced by Don Jazzy. The music video for the single was shot in London and directed by Sesan. The music video first aired on an episode of reality television show, Koko Mansion. Olamildent described the music video, saying: "In this new video, D'banj poses as the prince charming who rescues the damsel or should I say kokolette in distress." Upon its release, the song and its music video was met with positive reviews. Onos O of Bellanaija, reflecting on the songs that shaped the Nigerian music industry, said: "This song and its video are like plot points in Nigerian pop culture. D’Banj and Don Jazzy didn’t take it easy on the music industry when this song came out. Mo Gbono Feli Feli took Nigeria by storm; the special effects and locations in the video were like none anyone had ever seen in the industry before, back then." M.I did a cover of the song, which was included on his iLLegal Music mixtape.

Track listing

References

2008 albums
D'banj albums
Albums produced by Don Jazzy
Yoruba-language albums
2008 in Nigerian music


Megh R. Goyal is an engineer and professor in Puerto Rico, and a Methodist pastor. He has been called the father of irrigation engineering in Puerto Rico.

Education
Goyal earned his high school diploma from Prem Sabha High School in Sangrur; B.Sc. degree in Agricultural Engineering from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - India; M.Sc. degree (1977) and Ph.D. (1979) from Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and Master of Divinity (2001) from Puerto Rico Evangelical Seminary, Hato Rey – Puerto Rico.

Career
Goyal has worked as a soil conservation inspector, research assistant and lecturer at Haryana Agricultural University, research associate at the Ohio State University, and research agricultural engineer at the Agricultural Experiment Station of University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez Campus. He was the first agricultural engineer to receive a professional license in agricultural engineering in 1971, from the Institution of Engineers (India), and in 1986, from College of Engineers & Surveyors of Puerto Rico. For his pioneering work on micro-irrigation, he is known as a "Drip Irrigation Man" in Puerto Rico.

Goyal is currently a retired professor of agricultural engineering and biomedical engineering at the College of Engineering of the University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez Campus and senior editor-in-chief for Apple Academic Press.

Goyal has authored journal articles and text books such as: "Introduction to Agriclimatology", Management of Drip/trickle or Micro Irrigation, and Biofluid Dynamics of Human Body Systems

On 16 September 2005, Goyal was named "Father of Irrigation Engineering in Puerto Rico for the 20th Century" by the ASABE – Puerto Rico Section, for his pioneer work on irrigation, evapotranspiration, climatology, and soil and water engineering.

Personal life
Goyal was born in Punjab in India. His late parents were natives of Punjab State. Goyal was married to Subhadra Goyal who was a Methodist pastor in Rincon, Puerto Rico. They have three children.

References

Further reading
 Investigaciones de UNISARC, Volume 5, No. 1, July 2007, pages 1–11.

External links
 Megh R Goyal, Faculty Member at University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Indian irrigation engineers
21st-century American engineers
Engineers from Punjab, India


St. Martin is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Olten (Switzerland). It is a three-nave columned basilica without transept with three chorapsideas.

The church is considered as the "most significant Neoromanesque Greater Church of Switzerland from the late period of historicism".

Building history

In addition to the 1876 built by the Roman Catholic parish Olten Notkirche St. Gallen architect August Hardegger built from 1908 to 1910, the large neo-Romanesque parish church. The new church has even more than the seats than the Solothurn Cathedral, making it the largest clearance Church in Canton Solothurn. The former makeshift church was rebuilt to Pfarreireumen and Josef Hall.

Organ

The first organ was of Orgelbau Goll (Lucerne) built with 33 registers. 1932 built the organ builder Willisau AG a new organ with 49 registers, which in 1949 reorganized by the organ builder Goll and extended to 64 registers.

The present organ was of Mathis Orgelbau (Näfels) newly built 1992nd The instrument has 50 stops on three manuals and pedal. The play and Registertrakturen mechanically.

Gallery

References

Olten
1900s architecture
Romanesque Revival church buildings
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1910
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Switzerland


In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a Lévy family of graphs is a family of graphs Gn, n = 1, 2, 3, ..., which possess a certain type of "compactness" or "tangledness".  Many naturally occurring families of graphs are Lévy families.  Many mathematicians have noted this fact and have expressed surprise that it does not appear to have a ready explanation.

Formally, a family of graphs Gn, n = 1, 2, 3, ..., is a Lévy family if, for any

where

Here D is the graph diameter of G, and A(n) is the n-graph neighborhood of A.  Note that the maximization ranges over subsets A of G, subject to A being over half the size of G

In words, this means that one can take a subset of size at least half of G, and blow it up by only  of the graph diameter, and end up with nearly all the set.

Long "stringy" (i.e. not "compact") families of graphs such as the cycle graph of order n clearly don't have such a property: one could consider a subset comprising the n/2 neighborhood of a point (midnight to six o'clock, say).  The graph has graph diameter D of about n/2.  So the -neighborhood of the subset is only of size about n/2.  A Levy family would have this neighborhood covering almost all the set.  It should be clear that a Levy family must have a very special type of compact structure.

 Hypercube graphs of order n are  known to be a Lévy family.
 If Sn is the graph with points that are elements of the permutation group of n elements, with edges joining points that differ by a transposition, then the series Si, i=1,2,..., is a Lévy family.

References

 Bollobás (editor).  Probabilistic combinatorics and its applications.  American Mathematical Society, 1991 (p63)

Graph families


Norton (South Yorkshire) railway station was a railway station to serve Norton, South Yorkshire, England. It was built by the Wakefield, Pontefract and Goole Railway company on their line between Doncaster and Knottingley. The line and its stations were absorbed into the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1847 when that company changed its name from the Manchester and Leeds Railway.

The station buildings were similar to those at Womersley and were described as "Swiss Cottage" style. They are a stone built construction with a clipped gable end.

At the grouping it passed to the LMS and British Railways on nationalisation.  The station closed to passengers on 27 September 1948. But the railway line is still open and now carries freight trains (mainly bulk coal) to and from the power stations at Drax, Ferrybridge & Eggborough, along with Grand Central's passenger services between Bradford Interchange and London Kings Cross since 2010.

As part of a report to Doncaster Borough Council in September 2008 the station site was to be protected for future use in a strategy for the railways in the borough, reopening being a distant possibility.

References

Disused railway stations in Doncaster
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1948
Norton, Doncaster


This is a list of the extreme points of Lithuania: the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location, as well as the highest and lowest points.

Latitude and longitude
Northern point: near former Lemkinė village on the shores of Nemunėlis in the Biržai district municipality
Southern point: in the Varėna district municipality, in uninhabitable forest area, cadastrally belonging to village Musteika.  The southernmost habitable place is in the village Ašašninkai, so called fraction Plaskiniškės.
Eastern point: near Vosiūnai village in the Ignalina district municipality
Western point: Nida

Altitude
 Lowest point: Rusnė Island (-.27 m)
 Highest point: Aukštojas Hill (294 m)

See also
 Extreme points of Europe
 Extreme points of Earth

References

Lists of coordinates
Lithuania
Extreme points


Jalan Jengka 10, Federal Route 1546, is the main federal road in Bandar Pusat Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia.

At most sections, the Federal Route 1546 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

List of junctions and towns

Malaysian Federal Roads


The 2008–09 Women's CEV Cup was the 37th edition of the European Women's CEV Cup volleyball club tournament, the former Top Teams Cup.

Teams of the 2008–2009
The number of participants on the basis of ranking list for European Cup Competitions

Play-off

1/16 Finals
1st leg  4–6 November 2008
2nd leg 11–13 November 2008
The 16 winning teams from the 1/16 Finals will compete in the 1/8 Finals playing Home & Away
matches. The losers of the 1/16 Final matches will qualify for the 3rd round of the Challenge Cup.

1/8 Finals
1st leg  9–11 December 2008
2nd leg 16–18 December 2008

1/4 Finals
1st leg  13–14 January 2009
2nd leg 20–21 January 2009

Final four
Novara, 14 & 15 March 2009

Semi-finals
March 14, 2009

|}

3rd Place
March 15, 2009

|}

Final
March 15, 2009

|}

Awards
Winners:
MVP:  Cristina Barcellini (Asystel Novara)
Best scorer:  Seda Tokatlıoğlu (Fenerbahçe Acıbadem)
Best server:  Maria Duskryadchenko (Uralochka-NTMK Yekaterinburg)
Best spiker:  Katja Wühler (Rote Raben Vilsbiburg)
Best blocker:  Kun Feng (Asystel Novara)
Best setter:  Kun Feng (Asystel Novara)
Best receiver:  Valeriya Korotenko (Fenerbahçe Acıbadem)

References

External links
 CEV Cup 08-09

2008-09
CEV Cup
CEV Cup


Poiana Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Poiana Câmpina. It is the home ground of FCM Câmpina. It holds over 4,000 people.

References

Football venues in Romania


The First Three Years is a compilation album by singer-songwriter Frank Turner, released 1 December 2008 through Xtra Mile Recordings. The compilation is also included on the re-release of Love Ire & Song, released 26 January 2009. The album itself is only available directly from Xtra Mile.

The album compiles material that does not appear on either of Turner's first two studio albums, including tracks from early EPs, split singles, covers and unreleased material. The collection also includes a cover of "Smiling at Strangers on Trains" – Turner's former band, Million Dead's, first single.

The title and cover artwork reference the Black Flag album The First Four Years, a similar compilation of early material.

Track listing

Frank Turner albums
2008 compilation albums


Stadionul Central-Parc is a multi-purpose stadium in Ineu, Romania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CS Ineu. The stadium holds 3,000 people and was for 85 years the home ground of Tricotaje Ineu.

References

Football venues in Romania
Buildings and structures in Arad County


Karl Ullrich (1 December 1910 – 8 May 1996) was the last commander of the SS Division Wiking in the Waffen-SS during World War II. After the war he authored an account of the SS Division Totenkopf.

Early life
Born December 1 1910 in Saargemünd Germany, although it would become part of France after World War I. He apprenticed at both an engineering firm and electrical firm before attending technical school to study engineering, qualifying as a mechanical engineer in 1933.
Ullrich joined the Reichswehr briefly in 1933 before joining the SS-Verfügungstruppe in 1934. He became an NCO that year, and the following year was selected for officer training. In 1936 he was commissioned as an SS-Untersturmführer and proceeded to the Armys Pioneer School because of his engineering background. Prior to the outbreak of the war, Ullrich took part in the occupations of Austria and the Sudetenland as well as being promoted to SS-Hauptsturmführer.

World War II
Leading his pioneer company in both the Polish and Western campaign, he earned the Iron Cross second and first class in quick succession. Staying with his unit for the Greek campaign, in May 1941 he was transferred to the SS Division Totenkopf, where he took command of 3rd pioneer battalion.

In early 1942, the division found itself trapped in the Demyansk Pocket. Ullrich commanded a battlegroup holding a bridge over the river Lovat winning the Knight's Cross for the holding of the position despite being encircled. Following the breakout from the pocket, he was appointed commander of Pioneers for the SS-Panzerkorps, a position he held during the 42/43 winter battles in and around Kharkov, after which he requested a return to Totenkopf being given command of SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment 5 "Thule" in time for the lead up to Kursk operation. Promoted again toward the end of 1943 and appointed commander of SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment 6 "Theodor Eicke", the unit fought the battles of 1943/1944 being pushed back constantly. In March 1944, the Soviets succeeded in breaking through the lines, Ullrich drew whatever troops were available and fought of the attack, halting the breakthrough, in the process earning the Oakleaves to his Knight's Cross.

He was given command of the SS Division Wiking in October 1944 fighting around Warsaw before being moved to Hungary in December, attempting to relieve 8th SS Cavalry Division "Florian Geyer" and 22nd SS Volunteer Cavalry Division Maria Theresia. Following the failure of the relief of Budapest, the division took part in the battle around Lake Balaton as part of 6th Panzer Army. The 6th Panzer Army then withdrew west into Austria in a rearguard action.
A short time before the end of the war he was promoted to Oberführer and he surrendered to the Americans in May 1945.

Post War
After three years in American captivity, Ullrich was released. He passed away on 8th May 1996 in Bad Reichenhall, Germany.

After the war, Ullrich wrote the book Like a Cliff in the Ocean: A History of the 3. SS-Panzer-Division "Totenkopf" in which he claimed that only a single member of the Totenkopf division ever committed a war crime.

Works
Karl Ullrich (2002): Like a Cliff in the Ocean, J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing,

Awards
 Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (18 May 1940) & 1st Class (1 July 1940)
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 Knight's Cross on 19 February 1942 as SS-Sturmbannführer and commander of SS-Pionier-Bataillon 3 "Totenkopf"
 480th Oak Leaves on 14 May 1944 as SS-Obersturmbannführer and commander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 6 "Theodor Eicke"

References

Citations

Bibliography

1910 births
1996 deaths
People from Sarreguemines
Military personnel from Alsace-Lorraine
Lorraine-German people
SS-Oberführer
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Waffen-SS personnel
German military writers

German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States