The New World Archaeological Foundation (NWAF) is an archaeological organization run by Brigham Young University. When founded it was the largest archeological project funded by a religious institution. It was founded by Thomas Stuart Ferguson who sought to show how the history of Mesoamerican cultures proved the historicity of the Book of Mormon. Ferguson however found evidence to the contrary and from 1961 he kept a low profile as a secretary to the foundation which then became associated with the Brigham Young University and renamed as the BYU-NWAF.

History
The NWAF was organized in 1952 for the purpose of supporting archaeological research into pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica.  It was founded by Thomas Stuart Ferguson, Alfred V. Kidder and Harvard University professor Gordon Willey.  It was initially incorporated in California as a private organization with Ferguson in charge of fund-raising.  The first project by the NWAF was headed by Pedro Armillas with archaeological studies along the Grijalva River.

As early as 1953, the NWAF received funding from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints after Ferguson approached church leaders. LDS apostle John Widtsoe served on the board of directors. Ferguson had a passion for looking for archaeological evidences for the Book of Mormon and he reminded the church leadership that discovering Book of Mormon artifacts would assist in the church's missionary program.

NWAF has always remained an archaeological foundation that includes many people not members of the LDS church. Initially the only Latter-day Saint on the foundation's advisory committee of five was M. Wells Jakeman.  It also included Kidder, Willey, Armillas and Gordon F. Eckholm.

The NWAF became part of BYU in 1961 and Ferguson was removed from the director position and Howard W. Hunter was put in his place. Hunter was affiliated with NWAF for the next 24 years.

The original purpose of the foundation was described as:

The foundation has since been heavily involved with archaeological studies at such locations as Izapa, San Isidro, El Mirador, Paso de la Amada, and most recently again at Chiapa de Corzo.

As of 2009 the NWAF was directed by Donald W. Forsyth, Professor of Anthropology at Brigham Young University.  He succeeded John E. Clark who was the director for many years.

See also
 Archaeology and the Book of Mormon

Notes

References

External links
 NWAF website
 BYU library page on NWAF archives at the Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University. Click "browse all" to see digitized issues of NWAF.
 Thomas Stuart Ferguson papers and photographs in the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

Organizations established in 1952
Archaeological organizations
Brigham Young University
Mesoamerican studies
1952 establishments in Utah


USS W. L. Messick (SP-322) was a minesweeper that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919.

W. L. Messick was a wooden-hulled, screw steamer built in 1911 at Norfolk, Virginia, by Smith and McCoy. The U.S. Navy purchased her on 7 April 1917 from Joseph H. Bellows of Reedville, Virginia, for World War I service. Commissioned as USS W. L. Messick on the same day and classified as SP-322, she was assigned to the 5th Naval District and served as a minesweeper in the Virginia Capes area for the duration of World War I. She was subsequently decommissioned and sold on 27 August 1919 to her former owner

References

NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive W. L. Missick (SP 322)

Ships built in Norfolk, Virginia
1911 ships
World War I minesweepers of the United States
Minesweepers of the United States Navy


Tara is an Indian soap opera that aired on Zee TV channel, based on the trials and tribulations, the joys and sorrows of the main character, Tara. The series was known as the  first ever Indian soap on contemporary urban women, and was the first Hindi-language drama series to run for about five years. Besides focusing on the life of Tara, the series also showed the lives of her four other friends, Kanchan, Devyani, Arzoo and Sheena.

Cast

References

External links

1993 Indian television series debuts
1997 Indian television series endings
Indian television soap operas
Zee TV original programming
Indian LGBT-related television shows


Messick may refer to:

Places
 Messick, Indiana, United States
 Messick, Virginia, one of the towns incorporated into the independent city of Poquoson, Virginia in 1975, United States

People
 Dale Messick (1906–2005), American comic strip artist
 Don Messick (1926–1997), American voice actor
 Jill Messick (1967–2018), American film producer
 John Decatur Messick (1897–1993), American university president
 Samuel Messick (1931–1998), American psychologist

Ships
 USS W. L. Messick (SP-322), a minesweeper that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919.


An electrohydraulic servo valve (EHSV) is an electrically-operated valve that controls how hydraulic fluid is sent to an actuator. Servo valves are often used to control powerful hydraulic cylinders with a very small electrical signal. Servo valves can provide precise control of position, velocity, pressure, and force with good post-movement damping characteristics.

History of electrohydraulic servo valves
The electrohydraulic servo valve first appeared in World War II. The EHSVs in use during the 1940s were characterized by poor accuracy and slow response times due to the inability to rapidly convert electrical signals into hydraulic flows. The first two-stage servo valve used a solenoid to actuate a first stage spool which in turn drove a rotating main stage. The servo valves of the World War II-era were similar to this — using a solenoid to drive a spool valve.

Advancement of EHSVs took off in the 1950s, largely due to the adoption of permanent magnet torque motors as the first stage (as opposed to solenoids). This resulted in greatly improved response times and a reduction in power used to control the valves.

Description

Types

Electrohydraulic servo valves may consist of one or more stages. A single-stage servo valve uses a torque motor to directly position a spool valve. Single-stage servo valves suffer from limitations in flow capability and stability due to torque motor power requirements. Two-stage servo valves may use flapper, jet pipe, or deflector jet valves as hydraulic amplifier first stages to position a second-stage spool valve. This design results in significant increases in servo valve flow capability, stability, and force output. Similarly, three-stage servo valves may use an intermediate stage spool valve to position a larger third stage spool valve. Three-stage servo valves are limited to very high power applications, where significant flows are required.

Furthermore, two-stage servo valves may be classified by the type of feedback used for the second stage; which may be spool position, load pressure, or load flow feedback. Most commonly, two-stage servo valves use position feedback; which may further be classified by direct feedback, force feedback, or spring centering.

Control
A servo valve receives pressurized hydraulic fluid from a source, typically a hydraulic pump. It then transfers the fluid to a hydraulic cylinder in a closely controlled manner. Typically, the valve will move the spool proportionnaly to an electrical signal that it receives, indirectly controlling flow rate. Simple hydraulic control valves are binary, they are either on or off. Servo valves are different in that they can continuously vary the flow they supply from zero up to their rated maximum flow, or until the output pressure reaches the supplied pressure. More complex servo valves can control other parameters. For instance, some have internal feedback so that the input signal effectively control flow or output pressure, rather than spool position.

Servo valves are often used in a feedback control where the position or force on a hydraulic cylinder is measured, and fed back into a controller that varies the signal sent to the servo valve. This allows very precise control of the cylinder.

Examples of usage

Manufacturing

One example of servo valve use is in blow molding where the servo valve controls the wall thickness of extruded plastic making up the bottle or container by use of a deformable die. The mechanical feedback has been replaced by an electric feedback with a position transducer. Integrated electronics close the position loop for the spool. These valves are suitable for electrohydraulic position, velocity, pressure or force control systems with extremely high dynamic response requirements.

Aircraft
Servo valves are used to regulate the flow of fuel into a turbofan engine governed by FADEC. In fly-by-wire aircraft the control surfaces are often moved by servo valves connected to hydraulic cylinders. The signals to the servo valves are controlled by a flight control computer that receives commands from the pilot and monitors the flight of the aircraft.

References

Control devices
Valves
Hydraulics


"Receive the Power" is a gospel song written by Guy Sebastian and Gary Pinto, and performed by Sebastian and Paulini. It was chosen in May 2007 as the official anthem for the Roman Catholic Church's XXIII World Youth Day (WYD08) held in Sydney in 2008.

"Receive the Power" was used extensively throughout the six days of World Youth Day in July 2008, and also in the television coverage which went around the world. Sebastian performed at the concert after the Opening Mass which officially welcomed the Pope to Australia. The Mass and concert at Barangaroo, Sydney, had an estimated crowd of 150,000. Sebastian and Paulini also performed both the English and International versions at the Final Mass at Randwick Racecourse on 20 July. An estimated 400,000 people attended the Mass. Sebastian and Paulini were invited to perform "Receive the Power" at the Pope's Farewell and thank the volunteers on 21 July.

Versions
The song has been released in two versions, one in English and an international version with the chorus in English and verses in Italian, Spanish and French.

The English version was interpreted by its composer, Guy Sebastian, and also features the vocals of Paulini.

The international version, with the chorus in English, also includes performances by Robert Galea (Maltese), German Silva (Spanish) and Amelia Farrugia (French).

About the lyrics
The lyrics are based on the theme of the WYD08, extracted from the book of the Acts of the Apostles, : "You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you will be my witnesses".

Track listing

References

2007 songs
Guy Sebastian songs
Paulini songs
Gospel songs
Songs written by Guy Sebastian
Songs written by Gary Pinto


Leandro de Oliveira da Luz (born 3 March 1983), known as simply Leandro, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

Hải Phòng FC
Although Leandro played as a left-back in Brazil and Russia, he played as a creative midfielder for Hải Phòng, where he was captain and earned the nickname King Leandro from the supporters.

In 2009, Leandro was voted the V-League's best player in an unofficial poll on the V-League website.

Leandro signed for V-League side Bình Dương F.C. in 2010.

International career

Leandro played four matches for the Brazil Olympic squad at the Pan American Games in Santo Domingo in 2003. He scored a goal on August 3 in the 4–0 victory by Brazil over Colombia.

Honours

Club
Santos
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2002
Paysandu
Campeonato Paraense: 2005

Individual
Singhtarua
 Thai Division 1 League The Golden Boot awarded (1): 2013 (24 goals)

External links
 Player page on Sambafoot

References

1983 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Santos FC players
Brasiliense FC players
Paysandu Sport Club players
Associação Atlética Ponte Preta players
Associação Desportiva Cabofriense players
FC Leon Saturn Ramenskoye players
Port F.C. players
BG Pathum United F.C. players
Super Power Samut Prakan F.C. players
PTT Rayong F.C. players
União Esporte Clube players
Thai League 1 players
Thai League 2 players
Russian Premier League players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Vietnam
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football midfielders
Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil
Footballers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Pan American Games medalists in football
Footballers from São Paulo (state)


The Hofpleinlijn (Spoorlijn Rotterdam Hofplein - Scheveningen) was one of the two railways between the Dutch cities of The Hague and Rotterdam. In 2006 it was converted to metro-like operation as RandstadRail line E.

History
The Zuid-Hollandsche Electrische Spoorweg-Maatschappij (ZHESM) company was founded in 1900 to build electric railway lines in the province of South Holland. Their first railway line connected Den Haag Hollands Spoor station with the seaside resort of Scheveningen. This line opened with steam traction on 1 May 1907 and was electrified in 1908.
Its second line connected The Hague with Rotterdam. It opened in 1908, and was the first electrified railway line in the Netherlands (using world-unique 10 kV 25 Hz voltage, changed in 1926 to Netherlands standard 1500 V). The terminus in Rotterdam was Rotterdam Hofplein station, which gives the line its name.

In Rotterdam, connecting curves to the main railway towards Rotterdam Delftsche Poort and from 1951 also towards Rotterdam Noord Goederen existed, but nevertheless the Hofpleinlijn had only local significance. In 1953 the line to Scheveningen closed. The line between The Hague and Hofplein was converted to metro-like operation in 2006. Hofplein station was closed in 2010, when a tunnel connected the line to the Rotterdam Metro at Rotterdam Central Station.

See also
History of rail transport in the Netherlands

References

Railway lines in the Netherlands


Pseudo-Democritus is the name used by scholars for the anonymous authors of a number of Greek writings that were falsely attributed to the pre-Socratic philosopher Democritus ( 460–370 BC).

Several of these writings, most notably the lost works On Sympathies and Antipathies and Artificial Substances (Greek: ), were probably written by the Pythagorean physician and pharmacologist Bolos of Mendes ( 3rd or 2d century BC).

There are also a number of extant Greek alchemical writings attributed to Democritus, whose author has sometimes likewise been identified as Bolos of Mendes, but who is now thought to have been an anonymous author active during the second half of the first century AD, most likely c. 54–68 AD. These writings are some of the oldest alchemical works in existence, and have played an important role in defining alchemy as a discipline. In their original form, they probably consisted of a series of four books on dyeing: two books on dyeing metals gold and silver, one on dyeing stones, and one on dyeing wool purple. They were highly regarded by later Greek alchemists, who cited them frequently and even wrote a number of commentaries on them.

The alchemical works of pseudo-Democritus are also responsible for popularizing the aphorism attributed to the legendary Persian alchemist Ostanes, Nature delights in nature, nature conquers nature, nature masters nature, which went on to become an often repeated quote among later alchemists.

Four Books

The original alchemical works attributed to Democritus, known as the Four Books, are now lost. However, several epitomized extracts of them survive in two extant treatises called Natural and Secret Questions (Greek: ) and On the Making of Silver (Greek: ), as well as in a collection of lists of alchemical substances called Catalogues (Greek: ). The original books dealt with a wide range of topics, including the transmutation of base metals into silver or gold, the artificial production of precious stones, and the purple-dyeing of wool, all of which are subjects also covered in the Stockholm and Leyden papyri (3rd century AD). However, the preserved parts focus more strongly on the production of silver and gold, thus reflecting the main interests of later Greek alchemists.

The original works were probably four books on dyeing: one on how to give base metals a yellow tinge (i.e., to 'dye' them gold), one on how to give base metals a white tinge (i.e., to 'dye' them silver), one on 'dyeing' stones (i.e., to create precious stones), and one on dyeing fabrics purple (using cheaper substitutes for the costly Tyrian purple).

Historical significance

The Four Books are some of the most ancient works known in Western alchemy, and played a central role in its earliest development. They were frequently cited by alchemists such as Zosimos of Panopolis (fl. c. 300 AD) and Synesius (c. 373–414 AD), as well as by later Byzantine writers such as pseudo-Olympiodorus, Stephanus, Christianus, and 'the philosopher Anonymous'. Their authority among later Greek alchemists was such that the latter often presented their own theories and practices as an interpretation of the Four Books.

Some Greek alchemists also wrote commentaries on the Four Books. One such commentary, called Democritean Commentaries and written by the alchemist Petasius, is now lost. However, another commentary, called The Philosopher Synesius to Dioscorus: Notes on Democritus' Book, is still extant.

Nature delights in nature

One aphorism that is often repeated throughout the Four Books, and often quoted by later writers, is as follows:

Greek:

Translation: Nature delights in nature, nature conquers nature, nature masters nature

Ascribed in the narrative of the Four Books to pseudo-Democritus' legendary Persian master Ostanes, it is supposed to summarize the entire teaching of Ostanes to pseudo-Democritus, encapsulating the fundamental rules by which the elements or natures of things combine. This aphorism, which also occurs in a number of earlier Hellenistic writings dealing with the concepts of sympathy and antipathy, links the pseudo-Democritean writings back to earlier works attributed to 'Persian' authors such as pseudo-Zoroaster and Ostanes, as well as to the works of Bolos of Mendes.

References

Works cited

Ancient alchemists
Ancient Greek pseudepigrapha
Greek alchemists


is a passenger railway station located in the city of Gōtsu, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

Lines
Gōtsu Station is served by the JR West San'in Main Line, and is located 454.3 kilometers from the terminus of the line at . This was the terminal station for the Sankō Line before it ceased operation on 31 March 2018. The Sankō Line was replaced by a bus service starting 1 April 2018.

Station layout
Gōtsu Station has one side platform and one island platform. The side platform (track 1) is in front of the station office. The island platform is connected to platform 1 by a footbridge. The station is staffed.

Platforms

History
The station opened on 25 December 1920, originally named . It was renamed simply Gōtsu Station on 1 June 1970.

With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR West.

On 16 October 2015, JR West announced that it was considering closing the Sanko Line due to poor patronage. On 29 September 2016, JR West announced that the entire line would close on 31 March 2018.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 253 passengers daily.

Surrounding area
Gotsu City Hall
Gotsu Municipal Gotsu Junior High School
Shimane Prefectural Gotsu Technical High School
Saiseikai Gotsu General Hospital

See also
List of railway stations in Japan

References

External links

 JR West Station Official Site

Stations of West Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Shimane Prefecture
Sanin Main Line
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1920
Gōtsu, Shimane


Pedro Armillas Garcia (9 September 1914 – 11 April 1984) was Spanish academic anthropologist, archaeologist, and an influential pre-Columbian Mesoamerica scholar of the mid-20th century. As an archaeologist he was known both for his fieldwork and excavations at numerous sites in central and northern Mexico, and his contributions in archaeological theory. His study of how Mesoamerican agriculture and subsistence modes of production influenced the development of Mesoamerican cultures was a pioneering one, and he was one of the earliest to investigate pre-Columbian irrigation and hydraulic systems.

Biography

Armillas was born on 9 September 1914 in San Sebastián, Spain.  In 1932 he received a bachelor's degree from the Instituto Balmes in Barcelona.  With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War he joined the Loyalist forces but upon their defeat left Spain for Mexico, with his wife the painter Angeles Gil Sala whom he married in 1937.

In Mexico he was a land surveyor and associated with the Tzeltal people.  Between 1940 and 1946, Armillas studied in the recently inaugurated Escuela Nacional de Antropología (National School of Anthropology), where he became a professor.

In the 1940s Armillas conducted several seasons of excavations at the major site of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico, following on from earlier investigations by George Vaillant, Eduardo Noguera, and Sigvald Linné. His accomplishments in the Viking Group at Teotihuacan and in Oztuma, Guerrero, deserve particular mention. He also worked for the New World Archaeological Foundation (1952–1953).

From the 1960s on he taught at various universities in the United States including the [University of Illinois at Chicago]. He died in Chicago on 11 April 1984. At the time of his death, he was an anthropology professor at the University Illinois Chicago.

Notes

References

External links
 Brief biography, compiled by students at Minnesota State University, Mankato

1914 births
Spanish anthropologists
Spanish Mesoamericanists
Mesoamerican archaeologists
Aztec scholars
Teotihuacan scholars
University of Chicago faculty
1984 deaths
20th-century Mesoamericanists
People from San Sebastián
20th-century Spanish archaeologists


John Hampden Burnham (born October 14, 1860 in Peterborough, Canada West-died April 25, 1940) was a politician and lawyer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Member of the Conservative Party in the election of 1911 to represent the riding of Peterborough West after being defeated in the election of 1908.

Between 1916 and 1918, Burnham served overseas as a captain of the 93rd Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. He was also the author of Canadians in the Imperial Naval and Military Service Abroad.

He was re-elected in the 1917 election as a Unionist. Burham quit the government party on July 15, 1920 to sit as an Independent Conservative in protest of Arthur Meighen's attempt to make the Unionist government which had been formed during the Conscription Crisis of 1917 as a coalition of Conservatives and pro-conscription Liberals into a permanent political party, called the National Liberal and Conservative Party. Several months later he resigned his seat in the House of Commons and ran for re-election as an Independent Conservative in a February 7, 1921 by-election in hopes of demonstrating that public opinion supported him.

Burham argued that the Meighen government "is the creature of some big schemes now floating in the air and I believe it is a positive danger to Canada... I am unalterably opposed to this combination at Ottawa and will never rest until I see those who are attempting to wreck the old parties, whose backing and policies are known and understood, are themselves wrecked."

He lost the by-election and ran again as a straight Conservative in the 1921 general election in December but was again defeated. With the defeat of the Meighen government, Burnham called upon the party to hold a national leadership convention, abandon the "National Liberal and Conservative Party" concept and return to its old Conservative form.

References

External links

1860 births
1940 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Independent MPs in the Canadian House of Commons
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Unionist Party (Canada) MPs
People from Peterborough, Ontario
Canadian Expeditionary Force officers


The Zestar! apple (trade mark) or Minnewashta (cultivar) is an apple cultivar released in 1999. It was developed by the horticulturalists at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum's Horticultural Resource Center, at the University of Minnesota.

The Minnewashta apple is known for its earlier ripening season, ripening in late August through September, marking an earlier start to the apple growing season in Minnesota. The Minnewasheta trees were subject to cold climate testing in laboratories to ensure that the fruit is capable of growing in northern climates.

Breeding
Breeders of the Minnewashta apple have been working at developing apples since breeding attempts began in 1878, and have developed at least 24 new apple cultivars, including the Haralson, Fireside (and Connell Red), Honeygold, Regent, Sweet 16, Honeycrisp, and SnowSweet. Zestar! is the product of a hybridization of State Fair × MN 1691.
Prior to the development of Minnewashta, breeders considered early-ripening apples to be weak and subpar, describing them as soft, having poor shelf life, and having varying degrees of flavor.

In 2010 a further apple cultivar, Minneiska (brand name SweeTango), was bred using Zestar! and Honeycrisp as parents. This variety is said to have a super crunch.

Description
The Minnewashta apple tends to be round with an average diameter of three inches, and tastes crispy and light. About 60-80% of the apple's skin turns a deep red hue as a result of exposure to sunlight during maturation, the remaining areas of the skin remaining a yellow or greenish color. The apple tastes sweet and tangy, with accents of brown sugar, and is known for its unique flavor. The apple is best used for fresh eating, and for use in a variety of baked goods, sauces, desserts, and salads. The fruit can be well paired with foods such as walnuts, cinnamon, cheddar cheeses, and brown sugar. The apple is praised for its shelf life and can be stored up for two months with or without refrigeration.

Marketing
Zestar! has increased the market availability for apples in the Midwest. The Zestar! apple is protected under the US Plant Patent #97120.

In common with other apples developed by the university, Zestar! is a registered trademark and can only be grown as a "managed variety". Growers must be licensed to a university approved co-operative and follow strict growing, harvesting and shipping methodology.

References

External links
Minnesota Public Radio

University of Minnesota
1999 introductions
Minnesota University breeds
Apple cultivars
Apples


Max Rep: Mr. Astrotitan 2206 and  Max Rep in the Age of Astrotitans were comic strips appearing originally in FLEX in the late 1980s, and then in Muscular Development magazine throughout the 90's, and a Comic Book published by Dumbbell Press and created by illustrator Lyman Dally after the strip's cancellation which was initiated by Dally over creative differences. After numerous fan inquiries, requests, and some persuasion, Dally began the twice weekly webcomic Steroids 'n' Asteroids with Quadra Blu in 2011.

Taking place in the 23rd century, Max Rep: Mr. Astrotitan 2206 was a sci-fi parody involving Max Rep's ongoing heroics and relationship with Quadra Blu. The comic strip ran in the 90's and was usually two pages. When the editors of Muscular Development requested that the strip take a different direction with Max & Quadra both being "downsized" and offering "instructional instead of serialized" content, Dally refused and cancelled the strip. The cancellation coincided with the beginning of an intended story arc which would have had Quadra Blu quit bodybuilding to pursue a career as a fitness model, much to Max's chagrin.

The comic book Max Rep in the Age of Astrotitans was black & white and ran for two issues and published independently from Muscular Development.  The comic book differed from the strip by rebooting Max Rep's origin story. The webcomic Steroids 'n' Asteroids tells Quadra Blu's origin story and is a partial reboot. In it, Quadra leaves her homeworld of Thyra for Earth to work for the company Acromion Processes promoting Andropops.

Characters
 Max Rep - The titular hero of the story. Max was featured on the cover of the January, 1991 issue of Muscular Development with Sandy Riddell and again with Quadra Blu for the November, 1993 issue.
 Quadra Blu - Max Rep's friend, Quadra Blu is a blue-haired amazon from the blue water planet Pumtilicus (an Earth colony) and the top female pro bodybuilder in 2206. Her relationship with Rep alternates between platonic and slightly romantic. Dally once described her as "An object of lust for males and a role model for females, Quadra embodies bodybuilding's most positive qualities."  According to a poster included with the November, 1993 Muscular Development, her stats are:

Height: 5 ft. 9in.
Weight: 215 lbs
Arms: 19¼ in. (cold)
Chest: 50 in.
Waist: 29 in.
Thigh: 33⅓ in.

In the origin story webcomic Steroids 'n' Asteroids, Quadra comes from the planet Thyra and initially has no experience as a bodybuilder despite already possessing a substantial physique.

 Razer-Cutt - Max's "most formidable rival". According to Dally "I needed a super-ripped character to offset Max's mass."

References

External links

Max Rep
 Internet Archive of Max-Rep.com
 Max Rep Comes on Strong
 Max Rep at Bodybuilding Fanatic
 Purchase Max Rep Comic Books

Quadra Blu
 Steroids 'n' Asteroids with Quadra Blu

 Quadra Blu gallery

American comic strips
American comics titles
Science fiction webcomics
Science fiction comics
Superhero comics
Action-adventure comics
Superhero webcomics
2011 webcomic debuts


Worcester, Massachusetts, is home to minor league sports teams and NCAA Division 1 college and university sports, most notably The College of the Holy Cross. Other professional teams that have moved on from the city include the New England Blazers, a Major League Lacrosse team that played at the Worcester Centrum during the 1980s, the Bay State Bombardiers of the Continental Basketball Association, who played in the Worcester Memorial Auditorium from 1984 to 1986, the Worcester Ice Cats, an American Hockey League franchise and developmental team for the National Hockey League's St. Louis Blues who played in the DCU Center (originally Worcester Centrum) from 1994 to 2005, and the Worcester Sharks, an American Hockey League franchise and developmental team for the NHL's San Jose Sharks.  Many historic and local sporting events have occurred in Worcester such as the first official Ryder Cup golf tournament at Worcester Country Club in 1927.

History

Baseball
The Worcester Worcesters, an early Major League Baseball team, was one of the first teams to play in the nascent National League. This team, which operated from 1880 to 1882, is believed to be the only major league team in history not to have an attached nickname. (There are some references throughout major league history books to the team being called the "Worcester Brown Stockings", "Brownies", and "Ruby Legs". However, the Worcester Telegram sportswriter Bill Ballou, in conducting thorough research on the team for years, has found no contemporary reference to any of those nicknames.) The team's home field, the Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds was the site of the first recorded perfect game in professional baseball. Pitcher Lee Richmond achieved this feat on June 12, 1880, against the Cleveland Blues.

In 2002, Worcester's Jesse Burkett Little League baseball team competed in the Little League World Series's U.S. Final. Though the Burkett team lost to the Little League All-Stars from Louisville, Kentucky, its second-place finish was the best in the history of Massachusetts Little League baseball.

Professional baseball in Worcester was represented by the Worcester Tornadoes baseball team, which played its first season in 2005. Though not affiliated with any Major League Baseball team, the Tornadoes  played their games at Hanover Insurance Park at Fitton Field on the campus of The College of the Holy Cross and were a member of the Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball League. The team finished its inaugural season by winning the Can-Am championship. Its last season was 2012.  The team name was chosen from among 1000 entries in a two-month-long naming contest. The "Tornadoes" refers to the deadly tornado that struck Worcester and central Massachusetts in 1953.

The Worcester Bravehearts were founded in 2013 as the local affiliate of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League.  The Bravehearts played in their first season in 2014 and won the FCBL Championship by sweeping the Martha's Vineyard Sharks in a best-of-three series. In the final game, the Bravehearts made a historic victory.

In Minor League Baseball, the Triple-A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox, formerly the Pawtucket Red Sox, began plan in Worcester in 2021 as the Worcester Red Sox.

Football

Rugby

The Worcester Rugby Football Club (WRFC), a recognized member of the USA Rugby (USAR), currently competes in the New England Rugby Football Union (NERFU) Division 2 league. The club was founded in 1979 by Rob Anderson, Peter Coz, and Mike Minty; joined NERFU in 1980, and was invited to join USARFU Division I league after a very successful 1999 fall season. WRFC is one of the top men's rugby clubs in the U.S., having reached the 2006 Men's Division 1 Club Final Four, before losing to eventual national champion Santa Monica in a close 20-13 match.

American Football

Indoor football returned to the city in April 2007. The New England Surge, a member of the Continental Indoor Football League, played their home games in the DCU Center. The team was disbanded after playing only a few seasons. The team replaced an Arena Football League team called the Massachusetts Marauders which played briefly in 1994.

Hockey

The Worcester Sharks played at the DCU Center from 2006 to 2015 in the American Hockey League as a developmental team for the National Hockey League's San Jose Sharks. The Sharks were relocated to San Jose, California to play in the same arena as the San Jose Sharks as part of a major realignment in the AHL prior to the 2015–16 season. The Sharks replaced the Worcester IceCats after the franchise moved to Peoria, Illinois, in 2005. The Worcester Railers began play in the 2017–18 season in the ECHL. In 2018, the former Boston Blades of the Canadian Women's Hockey League moved to Worcester as the Worcester Blades playing out of the Fidelity Bank Worcester Ice Center. However, the entire CWHL folded in 2019.

Golf

Golf's Ryder Cup's first official tournament was played at the Worcester Country Club in 1927. The course also hosted the U.S. Open in 1925, and the U.S. Women's Open in 1960 and is the only golf course to host the trio. The captains of the inaugural Ryder Cup where two of golfs greatest legends, Ted Ray of Great Britain and Walter Hagen of the United States. The United States won, 9 to 2.

Two years before the Ryder Cup the city hosted the U.S. Open won by Willie Macfarlane, but best known for the U.S. Open that Bobby Jones lost. Macfarlane and Jones where tied after the final round and an 18-hole playoff, the USGA officials decided to send the players out for another 18-hole playoff Macfarlane won 147–148.  The last major golf tournament in the city was the 1960 U.S. Women's Open, won by Betsy Rawls, which  made her the first golfer to win the U.S. Women's Open Title four times. A former PGA Tour event was held from 1969 through 1998 just south of Worcester. It was held under various names at Pleasant Valley Country Club in Sutton, Massachusetts.

Other

Lake Quinsigamond is home to the Eastern Sprints, a premier rowing event in the United States. Competitive rowing teams first came to Lake Quinsigamond in 1857. Quinsigamond Boating Club was the first of many boating clubs on Lake Quinsigamond who are drawn to the lake's long narrow shape, ideal for racing. Soon many colleges (local, national, and international) held regattas, such as the Eastern Sprints, on the lake. Beginning in 1895, local high schools held crew races on the lake. In 1932, the lake played host to the National Olympic rowing trials.

Marshall Walter ("Major") Taylor (November 26, 1878 – June 21, 1932) was an American cyclist who won the world one-mile (1.6 km) track cycling championship in 1899, 1900, and 1901. Taylor was the second black world champion in any sport, after boxer George Dixon.  The Centrum (now DCU Center) was home to the Virginia Slims of New England women's tennis tournament for a few years in the late 1980s. Martina Navratilova, Chris Evert, and Steffi Graf were some of the outstanding players who participated in the tournaments. Various boxing title bouts have been fought in Worcester. The NCAA National Division I hockey and Division I basketball early rounds have been contested here. Charlie's Surplus Road Race fielded many world-class runners before ending in the early 1990s. Candlepin bowling was invented in Worcester in 1880 by Justin White, an area bowling alley owner.

Collegiate sports

Worcester's colleges have had long histories and many notable achievements in collegiate sports:
 The Holy Cross Crusaders, led by future basketball hall-of-famers Bob Cousy and Tom Heinsohn, were NCAA men's basketball champions in 1947 and NIT men's basketball champions in 1954.
 The Holy Cross Crusaders football team played in the 1946 Orange Bowl, losing 13–6 to Miami (FL).
 Holy Cross won the 1952 NCAA College World Series, beating the University of Missouri 8–4. To date, the 1952 Crusaders remain the only college team from the Northeast to win the College World Series.
 In one of the biggest upsets in NCAA hockey history, the Holy Cross men's hockey team made history by defeating the Golden Gophers of the University of Minnesota in the first round of the 2006 NCAA Division I Tournament by the score of 4–3 in overtime.

 Holy Cross's Gordie Lockbaum is widely acknowledged as the last major college football program player to regularly play both offense and defense. Lockbaum finished third in the 1987 Heisman Trophy balloting, after finishing fifth in 1986. Lockbaum's son, Gordon Lockbaum Jr., was a star player on the 2002 Worcester Little League World Series team (See above).
 The Assumption College Greyhounds lay claim to being the only college baseball team to ever have two future baseball hall-of-famers (Jesse Burkett and Rube Marquard) on its staff at the same time (1931–32).
 Worcester Polytechnic Institute's "WPI Engineers" football has had three undefeated, untied seasons (1938, 1954 and 1983) and two Freedom Football Conference (FFC) Championships (1992 and 1993).
 The 1965-66 WPI Engineers basketball team was defeated by Army 71–62 on December 8, 1965. The win marked the first career coaching victory for a young coach named Bobby Knight.
 WPI football has the distinction of being Worcester's first college football team, debuting in 1888 with back-to-back losses to Harvard of 70–0 and 68–0
 The Clark University Cougars earned 10 consecutive NCAA Division III tournament berths, including two finishes as national runner-up in 1984 and 1987.
 Clark's women's basketball team earned back-to-back NCAA Division III Final Four appearances and were NCAA Northeast Champions in 1982 and 1983.
The Worcester State College Women's Soccer team advanced to the 3rd round of the NCAA Tournament in 2007, which was the most successful NCAA appearance of any team in Worcester State history. They beat the #5 ranked William Smith College by a score of 2–0 in the first round. After not receiving a national ranking all year, Worcester State ended the season at #21.

Notes


2-Ethyl-5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (EMDT) is a tryptamine derivative which is used in scientific research. It acts as a selective 5-HT6 receptor agonist, with a Ki of 16 nM, and was one of the first selective agonists developed for this receptor. EMDT inhibits both short- and long-term memory formation in animal studies, and this effect can be reversed by the selective 5-HT6 antagonist SB-399,885. Additionally, it is active in the tail suspension test, suggesting that it could be an effective antidepressant.

See also
 EMD-386,088
 ST-1936

References

5-HT6 agonists
Tryptamines
Phenol ethers
Dimethylamino compounds
Methoxy compounds


Francis Levett was an English trader, who worked as factor at Livorno, Italy, for the Levant Company until he lit out for East Florida in 1769 where his brother-in-law Patrick Tonyn of the British Army had been appointed governor of the English colony. Wielding connections from a lifetime of overseas trading, as well as family connections from a powerful English mercantile family, Levett built one of the first plantations in Florida, and then forfeited his investment when the English lost their foothold in Florida, forcing him to flee to the British colony in the Bahamas. Eventually his son returned to Georgia, where he (or, perhaps more accurately, his slaves) became the first to plant Sea Island cotton in America.

Early life

Born in the Ottoman Empire, the son of Francis Levett, a tobacco merchant who as a descendant of the trading house built by two brothers, Sir Richard Levett, Lord Mayor of London, and his brother Francis Levett, planter Francis Levett was well-connected in the tight world of English trading overseas. Piggybacking on the exploding British Empire, these early English traders built juggernauts, trading everything from tobacco to indigo to textiles. The early Levett brothers, sons of a Puritan rector in Ashwell, Rutland, built their empire from scratch, intermarrying with other powerful merchant families. Francis Levett followed in their footsteps.

Having established his connections with such powerful London merchants as Sir Richard Oswald, Levett gave up his position with the Levant Company and returned to London. But having spent his career abroad, Levett wasn't accustomed to the damp weather in the capitol. Having inherited a fortune from an uncle, Levett decided to move to the British colony in East Florida. Levett planned initially to import Greek labourers from Smyrna into the fledgling British colony to do the work of planting. That scheme was apparently soon abandoned.

In the meantime, Levett exploited all his connections. He was named in 1771 to a position helping oversee the Russian fur trade.

The move to Florida

Plantation

But his connections still served him well. He secured an appointment as an agent for John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont to manage the Earl's land grants in his absence. Then Levett was tapped as a judge for the new colony and granted large tracts of land at the insistence of Oswald and his brother-in-law Tonyn. Oswald encouraged Governor James Grant to set aside prime acreage for his "worthy friend" Levett, to whom Oswald said he owed "particular obligations." A recipient of the largesse of the initial old boy network, Levett built his  Julianton Plantation on today's St. Johns River.

The complex Levett built showed what could be done in a new colony by a powerful English merchant with money and connections. In addition to indigo fields and acres devoted to corn, potatoes and peas, the new plantation also had a network of rice fields, sliced by dams and dykes to regulate them. But the centrepiece of Levett's edifice was the domestic arrangement, which included a vineyard with 3,000 vines, two hanging gardens fronting the St. Johns River, 50 farm buildings, a network of bridges, roads and causeways built by Levett's slaves, including slave cabins, kitchens, barns, poultry houses and the crowning gem: a large two-story dwelling measuring  -by- with seven rooms on each floor. The home had seven bays, a gambrel roof, which itself supported a lantern tower. On either side of the house were six separate dependency structures, three on either side of the mansion, diminishing in size as they extended outward.

The opulent home, said to be the finest in British East Florida, had an  wharf for the docking of ships. Stallions, breeding mares and goats grazed nearby on the rich pastures surrounding the home. It was an extraordinary gesture to import the luxuries of the life of a wealthy English gentleman to a fledgling, mosquito-infested colony in the Americas. In addition to his inherited income, Levett relied on fees paid him by absentee English landlords to manage their plantations as well.

Hostility towards Levett

Despite his connections in the new colony, which included not only his brother-in-law the Governor, but also his son-in-law Dr. David Yeats, a physician and Secretary of the Colony who had married Levett's daughter, Francis Levett apparently got into financial trouble. He was accused in a whisper campaign of embezzling funds by purchasing slaves for one of his absentee clients, Thomas Ashby, and then absorbing them into his plantation workforce. Rev. John Forbes, a Scottish immigrant and ancestor of the Forbes family in America, accused Levett of blatant theft.

In several letters written to Governor Grant, Forbes said Levett had diverted the resources of his absentee landlords. The English planter was "charged with purchasing Negroes on Ashby's account and claiming them as his own, with employing Ashby's Negroes at his (own) work, with carrying boatloads of corn from Ashby's place to his (Julianton) settlement without giving credit for them, and with many such extraordinary and unjust transactions," Forbes wrote.

Thomas Ashley sent a relative to Florida to investigate the charges of malfeasance. Levett was said to be so upset by the allegations that he went to Rhode Island to escape the controversy. In the meantime, his son-in-law Yeats stood bail for him. By 1774, Levett returned to East Florida and subsequently resigned from the Royal Council after discovering that the controversy had rendered him ineffective: no members would sit with him.

Within months the planter's brother Patrick Tonyn was named the colony's second Governor, and he presided over a rehabilitation of his brother-in-law. Levett was allowed to make restitution and died shortly afterwards. Management of his Julianton plantation fell to his son Francis Levett Jr., who was apparently a better businessman than his father. The Levett plantation thrived during the Revolutionary War, thanks to the need for Florida turpentine.

At the end of the War, some 13,000 Loyalists fled the new American nation for East Florida, which was still under British control. But their haven didn't last long; in the diplomatic after effects of American independence, the British were forced to cede their Florida colony back to Spain in 1784.

The Spanish colonial authorities overthrow in the decades previous had not chastened their hostility toward people of British descent especially if they were Protestant. After the Spanish return, questions regarding whether the Spanish would treat Protestants and British persons fairly were quickly answered. Following the return of Spanish colonial authorities, the old policies of using Florida as a centre of the Counter-Reformation, a frontier land for launching devastating murderous campaigns of ethnic cleansing against Americans such as the Seminoles and through St. Augustine, Florida, as well as hateful and tyrannical measures as The Inquisition to root out all non-Catholics, were immediately re-established.

Told their ownership and development of their property, with its expensive capitalisation and despite its obvious wealth production, was no longer held valid, the British Protestant planters had their lands expropriated by the Spanish crown unless they converted to Catholicism and placed themselves under the continuing monitoring of the Spanish Inquisition.  Additionally, all institutions of British responsible self-government, including the shire moots, hundreds, and courts of justice were ended as civil government was centralised in Spanish bureaucratic officials.

Unable to live under such harsh conditions, and refusing to abandon their faith, the English planters like Francis Levett Jr. were forced to pack up everything and leave hurriedly. Their mood was bleak. "I am totally ruined and see nothing but want and misery before me," wrote Francis Levett's son-in-law Yeats to his good friend James Grant.

The retreat from Florida and later years

Following the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Francis Levett Jr. was forced to transport all his goods, including 100 slaves and house frames and household silver, to the Bahamas on short notice. Much of Levett's loot was left behind on the docks when Levett's newly purchased schooner was found inadequate to handle the family's accumulated riches.

The family was never able to sell its East Florida properties. The elaborate English manor house and farms were abandoned. Francis Levett's attempts to establish himself as a planter in the Bahamas failed, and the heir was forced to return to London. But he and his wife Charlotte Box had apparently gotten a taste for life in America. They later returned to the state of Georgia, where the English planter, thanks to his father's old friend Henry Laurens, established himself at a new plantation on the Harris Neck peninsula overlooking Sapelo Island in McIntosh County, Georgia. He named the new plantation Julianton, in honour of his father's abandoned Florida plantation and his mother Julia.

Levett Jr. became one of the first planters in America to sow Sea Island cotton, taking advantage of both his knowledge of the crop that he brought with him from Izmir, and of a global shortage of cotton following the Haitian Revolution and the abolition of slavery on that cotton-producing island. The 1790s were boom years for South Carolinian cotton, according to historian Sven Beckert, with exports increasing from 10,000 pounds in 1790 to 6.4 million in 1800. Francis Levett Jr. died in 1802. He left the newly christened Julianton Plantation to his wife.

References

External links
 Julianton Plantation, Florida History Online, unf.edu/floridahistoryonline
 English Plantations on the St. Johns River, unf.edu/floridahistoryonline

Businesspeople from Istanbul
Francis
American planters
British North America
18th-century English businesspeople
1802 deaths
People of pre-statehood Florida
Levant Company
Year of birth unknown
American slave owners


Bash Back! was a network of queer, insurrectionary anarchist cells active in the United States between 2007 and 2011.

Formed in Chicago in 2007 to facilitate a convergence of radical trans and gay activists from around the country, Bash Back! sought to critique the ideology of the mainstream LGBT movement, which the group saw as assimilation into the dominant institutions of a heteronormative society. Bash Back! was noticeably influenced by the anarchist movement and radical queer groups, such as ACT UP, and took inspiration from the Stonewall and San Francisco's White Night riots.

The group arose out of anti–Republican National Convention and anti–Democratic National Convention organizing, and continued up to 2011. Chapters sprang up across the country, including in Philadelphia and Seattle. The organization's model was a nonhierarchical autonomous network based on agreed-upon points of unity, such as fighting for "queer liberation" rather than "heteronormative assimilation", and accepting a diversity of tactics, "including an individual’s autonomy to participate in actions deemed illegal by the government".

Actions
Bash Back! Chicago carried out a number of actions during their city's Pride Weekend in 2008. The first was participation in the annual Chicago Dyke March in Chicago's Pilsen neighborhood. Bash Back!'s contingent in the march focused on resistance to gentrification in the Pilsen community. In addition, members of Bash Back! also took part in Chicago's larger Chicago Pride Parade. Bash Back! Chicago wheeled a cage through the parade containing a member dressed as Chicago's Mayor Richard M. Daley, whom the group charged was responsible for cutting AIDS funding, turning a blind eye to police torture and brutality, and supporting gentrification. Simultaneously, members of the group also distributed barf bags with slogans written on them such as "Corporate Pride Makes Me Sick," a statement about the commercial and assimilative intentions of mainstream gay culture.

A contingent from Bash Back! picketed in Lansing, Michigan, in November 2008 outside Mount Hope Church, a church that promoted anti-gay beliefs. Several members interrupted a worship service, unfurling a banner and showering fliers. In May 2009, Alliance Defense Fund filed a federal lawsuit against Bash Back! on behalf of the church, under the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act. The suit ended in 2011 with an agreement for the defendants to pay $2,750 in damages and refrain from future church demonstrations.

Bash Back dissolved by July 2011 due to internal politics.

In March of 2023 a Bash Back! international convergence was announced and set to occur on September 8–11 of that year in Chicago, IL.

See also

References

Further reading

Anarchism in the United States
LGBT criticism of marriage
LGBT political advocacy groups in the United States
LGBT anarchism
Political activism
Queer organizations
2007 establishments in Illinois


Madhavpur is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3075 living in 581 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Mamkha is a village development committee in Okhaldhunga District in the Sagarmatha Zone of mid-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3311 living in 610 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Okhaldhunga District

Populated places in Okhaldhunga District


Manebhanjyang is a small town which lies in Khandbari Municipality of Sankhuwasabha District in the Kosi Zone of Eastern Nepal.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of sankhuwasabha District

Populated places in Sankhuwasabha District


The Very Best is a collaboration between London-based DJ and production duo Radioclit and Esau Mwamwaya, a singer from Lilongwe, Malawi. Their music has been described as an Afro-Western mix of dance, hip hop, pop, and the traditional music of Malawi.

History
Esau Mwamwaya was born in Mzuzu, Malawi, but grew up in the capital, Lilongwe, where he played drums in various bands. He played with numerous artists, including Masaka Band and Evison Matafale. In 1999 he moved to London and while running a second-hand furniture shop in Clapton, East London, Esau sold a bicycle to the producer from the band Radioclit, Etienne Tron. Radioclit's studio was on the same street as Esau's shop, and eventually, Esau became friends with both Tron and Johan Karlberg aka Radioclit.

In 2008, the three men worked together to create a project known as "The Very Best," releasing a critically lauded free mixtape through the label GREEN OWL. The mixtape features samples and collaborations with other indie artists, including M.I.A., Vampire Weekend, Architecture in Helsinki, BLK JKS, Santigold and The Ruby Suns. The songs are sung in Chichewa, the national language of Malawi.

The Very Best produced their first full-length album, Warm Heart of Africa, released digitally in August 2009 and released physically in October 2009 by GREEN OWL and Moshi Moshi. The album features collaborations with Ezra Koenig and M.I.A. The title track from the album, "Warm Heart of Africa," won the World Beat Song award at the 9th Annual Independent Music Awards; the track includes a sample of the famous 1966 song by Victor Uwaifo, Guitar Boy.

The Very Best is also featured on a track on Crookers' debut album, Tons of Friends.

Discography
Esau Mwamwaya and Radioclit are the Very Best (2008)
Warm Heart of Africa (2009)
Warm Heart of Africa (The Remixes) (2011)
Super Mom (2011)
MTMTMK (2012)
Makes a King (2015)
"Johannesburg (EP)" (2016)

References

External links

 The Very Best Interview
 Podcast-review
 Warm Heart of Africa Review

Malawian musical groups
Moshi Moshi Records artists


Fumaria bastardii, commonly, tall ramping fumitory or bastard's fumitory, is a tall (to 2 m.), many-branched herbaceous flowering plant native to Western Europe including the British Isles and the northern Mediterranean. The species is a weed of arable and disturbed ground, and occurs as an introduced alien in many areas of the world with suitable climates, including Southwest Australia and North America.

References

 Tall Ramping-fumitory

External links
  Photo

bastardii
Flora of Malta


Archery at the 1972 Summer Paralympics consisted of twelve events.

Medal table

Participating nations

Medal summary

References

1972 Summer Paralympics events
1972
Paralympics


The Times-News is an American, English language daily newspaper based in Burlington, North Carolina formed in 1931 by the merger of the Burlington Daily Times and The Burlington News.

History
The Times-News was founded in 1887. It joined Freedom Communications Inc. in 1978, and was sold to Halifax Media Group in 2012. In 2015, Halifax was acquired by New Media Investment Group, which became Gannett in a 2019 merger.

The lineage of The Times-News is as follows:
 The Times-News (1989present), publisher: Times-News Pub. Co.
 The Daily Times-News (19321989), publisher: Times-News Pub. Co.
 Burlington Daily Times-News (19311932), publisher: Burlington News Co.
 Burlington Daily Times (1923-1931), publisher: Burlington News Co. (January 18, 1923)
 The Burlington News (1887-1931), publisher: J.R. Ireland & Co.

In November of 2022 Paxton Media Group acquired The Burlington News-Times and five other North Carolina newspapers from Gannett Co., Inc.

Special features
The paper includes a weekly Here & Now page that is written by local high school students. The newspaper also uses guest columnist, including as many as 20 local columnists per month. The Times-News has an internet website and Facebook page for interacting with customers.

Awards
In addition to annual state press association awards, The Times-News was a Best of Freedom winner in 2006. In 2006, the North Carolina Press Association recognized The Times-News with awards in sports feature writing, photography, and more. Jay Ashley received first place in Sports Writing for his article, Players Memory Lives On. Additionally, Sam Roberts received third place in Photography, Linda Bowden received second place in Illustration, Lee Barnes received second place in Serious Columns, Tom Dillon received first place in Criticism, and Isaac Groves received third place in News Enterprise Reporting. The Times-News received similar awards from the North Carolina Press Association in 2005 and 2004. It has also won awards in the NNA's Better Newspaper Contest for general excellence, best sports section, photography and writing.

See also
 List of newspapers in North Carolina

References

External links

Daily newspapers published in North Carolina
Gannett publications
1887 establishments in North Carolina


The Winchester Model 52 was a bolt-action .22-caliber target rifle introduced by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1920. For many years it was the premier smallbore match rifle in the United States, if not the world. Known as the "King of the .22s," the Model 52 Sporter was ranked by Field & Stream as one of "the 50 best guns ever made" and described by Winchester historian Herbert Houze as "perfection in design." However, by the 1970s the World War I-era design was showing its age and had given way in top-level competition to newer match rifles from Walther and Anschütz; the costly-to-produce Model 52, which had long been a loss leader prestige product by that time, was finally discontinued when US Repeating Arms took over the manufacture of Winchester rifles from Olin Corporation in 1980.

Origins

During World War I Winchester's management determined that production of the Model 1885 Single Shot would not be resumed in centerfire chamberings after the war, nor in .22 rimfire (the "Winder musket") after existing Army training rifle contracts were fulfilled or cancelled. A new .22 would therefore be needed for the then very popular sport of target shooting; Winchester reasoned that returning soldiers would be drawn to the bolt action design with which they had become familiar. The rifle to be designated the Model 52 was designed from the ground up as an "accuracy rifle" — the world's first production .22 to be so conceived.
It was initially hoped that the Army could be persuaded to buy a bolt-action smallbore training rifle in addition to-or in place of-its existing contracts for Model 1885s. Yet despite the outward appearance of its early versions, the Model 52 was never a military rifle, as the Army only purchased 500 of the initial production for trial, and never placed a bulk order.

Development

In February 1918 the company assigned designers Thomas Crosley Johnson and Frank Burton to begin work on the new match rifle. Johnson had more experience with bolt actions than most at Winchester (which was then primarily a maker of lever- and pump-action firearms), having superintended production of the P-14/M1917 Enfield, as well as having designed a series of prototype military rifles known as Models A through D.

Whelen further recommended that pre-production samples be rushed out in time for the National Matches at Caldwell, New Jersey that August. Six "G22R" prototypes were readied, and equipped five individual event winners and were used by fourteen members of the victorious Dewar Trophy Team. Having surpassed the new Savage Model 19, the new Winchester was the talk of the tournament and was designated Model 52 on 11th September 1919. Full production commenced in April 1920 (using the lines and machinery originally installed to produce the P-14/M1917 Enfield).

Design

The Model 52 was a non-rotating, rear-locked bolt-action design.  The Model D-derived receiver was cylindrical, bored and machined from a forged billet, and of substantial thickness. The bolt's dual locking lugs were part of the rotating bolt-handle collar, which provided a camming action to seal the breech on closing and extract the spent case on opening. The bolt itself was undercut for the forward third of its length and rode on polished flats; a projecting lug at the front edge caught the top cartridge in the magazine. The bolt face was rebated so as to surround the case rim, and was chamfered to fit the recessed receiver ring. Dual-opposed sprung claw extractors were inlet into the sides of the bolt, providing controlled cartridge feed. A fixed blade-type ejector was located at the rear of the loading platform.

The original Johnson trigger mechanism, a two-stage or compound-motion military type derived, again, from his Model D, made use of a horizontal sear pivoted from the front; the trigger fit vertically through a pinned mortise in the sear and was shaped at the top so as to cam against the underside of the bolt and depress the assembly, releasing the firing pin; it was a cock-on-closing design. The one-piece striker terminated in a Springfield-like knurled cocking-piece.  The wing safety was mounted on the left side of the receiver; when engaged it physically blocked the cocking-piece and cammed it slightly rearward, disengaging the trigger linkage.

Production history

The Model 52 went through many alterations over its sixty years.  These changes were not systematic: improvements to the action, stock and so on were made on an ad hoc basis, and it is clearer to treat these alterations so separated rather than as "models."

Action
 Speed Lock (1930): Frank Burton replaced Johnson's military-style compound-motion trigger, hung from the sear, with a new trigger with a low pivot and rear sear notch, reducing trigger travel by 75% and providing for set-screw pull-weight adjustment. In addition, Burton redesigned the firing pin so as to reduce its travel from approximately .5" (12mm) to .125" (3mm): all of which resulted in a much faster lock time and greater accuracy. At this time the original model's knurled cocking-piece disappeared, replaced by a short trapezoidal boss. This and all subsequent M52 actions cocked on opening, like a Mauser. Burton carefully designed the Speed Lock to fit the existing receiver and bolt body without modification. Winchester for some years offered a conversion kit for older "slowlock" 52s.
 Model 52A (1935, not so marked until 1936): It had been observed that the safety pivot stem was prone to bending, and would then put sideways pressure on the bolt which could cause the relatively thin metal behind the left locking lug to crack. Therefore, the safety stem was shortened by .08 inches, eliminating the bending problem and allowing the left rear receiver wall to be made thicker. Having two slightly different safeties and receiver forgings resulted in some confusion on the assembly line, so beginning in June 1936 the modified receivers were stamped with xxxxxA serial numbers. There was otherwise no difference from the "pre-A" Speed Locks.
Single-shot Adapter (1935): Not a design change so much as an accessory, the Adapter was effectively a dummy magazine with a shaped top, to facilitate manual loading.
 Model 52B, "Improved" Speed Lock (1937): Laudensack replaced the original left-mounted wing safety with a more convenient sliding-plate safety on the right side of the receiver. The 52B design also raised the left receiver wall abreast the magazine higher than the right, whereas on earlier versions both sides were flush with the loading platform. Laudensack also modified the Speed Lock mechanism, including the addition of an adjustable trigger-return spring and a sprung sear-disengagement plunger. Unfortunately this revised Speed Lock proved immediately unpopular, most shooters considering it to have excessive vibration and creep compared to the original—-- as well as to the "Miracle Trigger" of the new Remington 37, the 52's first serious American competitor.
 "Round-top" receiver: The original Model 52 had a flat milled in the top of the receiver bridge with a dovetail machined into it for sight mounting. Round top receivers were available on special order as early as 1931, as Model #5205R, which was equipped with the Lyman 48T aperture sight mounted on the right side of the receiver. Introduced in 1934 Sporting Model also came equipped with the round receiver. With the introduction of the "B" model in 1937 round receivers became an option on target models as well. The "flat-top" was discontinued in 1946 (none had actually been made since 1941) and all postwar 52s had the round-top form.
 Model 52C (1951): During the wartime hiatus the Post-War Production Recommendation Committee proposed that when Model 52 manufacture resumed, the poorly received Style B trigger should be replaced with a completely new design.  In the event, Winchester returned to the 52B when the war ended, but in the meantime an extensive (and time-consuming) scientific study of lock mechanisms was undertaken.  The result was Harry Sefried's two-lever Micro-Motion trigger, introduced in 1951. Adjustable for pull-weight between 2.5 and 6 lbs, and travel between .030 and an almost imperceptible .003 inches, the Micro-Motion was an instant success, and considered the new state of the art in match rifle trigger locks.
 Model 52D (1961): In 1956 the US Olympic rifle team commissioned ten custom Model 52Cs for the upcoming Melbourne Games. These became the prototypes for the Style D when Winchester elected to redesign the entire rifle literally lock, stock, and barrel.  The 52D action differed from its predecessors in being a single-shot: eliminating the magazine aperture in the receiver base rendered the entire assembly stiffer and (theoretically) more accurate. There was also a new Micro-Motion trigger lock based on the Style C but with different geometry, and adjustable to as little as one pound. On the International Match version (1969), a trigger assembly by master gunsmith Karl Kenyon or an ISU set-trigger were offered as alternatives to the Winchester trigger.
 Model 52E (1969): The Model 52E was a D-model with the receiver milled to accept an aluminum bedding block/recoil lug (only installed on the International Match, 3-Position and Prone versions), and which had, for the first time on a 52 target model, telescope mounting holes drilled and tapped in the forward receiver. The loading feed geometry was also slightly tweaked from that of the Style D, and on later production the bolt handle was flattened. Winchester catalogs of the time listed all Model 52s as either 52Ds or as "International" models; arguably the "52E" never existed as a separate Style, but arose from the E-prefixed serial numbers mandated by the Gun Control Act of 1968.

Stock
Laudensack modification (1924–30): Pull lengthened by .5" and the comb raised by the same amount, with a thumb-flute (later omitted); Winchester originally used the same buttstock dimensions as the M1903 Springfield and early evaluators of the rifle had suggested that the pull length was too short. The semi-pistol grip was thickened at the wrist and given a fuller profile, deeper curve and square end. The butt pitch was changed from perpendicular to the comb to near- perpendicular to the barrel axis.
"Semi-beavertail" stock (1930–48): Forearm widened to a flat-bottomed, trapezoidal profile; finger grooves omitted; drop reduced again. Oil finish replaced varnish. With slight modifications was renamed the Standard Target Stock in 1934.
Special Target Stock (Optional 1934-36): Similar to Standard Target Stock, but with a taller, wider buttstock.
Sporting Model (1934–58) See below.
Adjustable front sling swivel (1935), which necessitated lengthening the forearm by 1.25".
Marksman Stock (Optional from 1936, standard 1948-61): This heavy Laudensack-designed match stock with high comb and full beavertail forearm outsold the Standard Target Stock, which it eventually replaced. Instead of the standard stock's external barrel band, the Marksman used a light band fixed inside the squared-off fore-end; this would be replaced by a pillar mount after the war (Marksman 1A). There were two slightly different versions: the Marksman 1 for telescopic or high scope-level sights, and the Marksman 2 (1938) for standard-height sights. Soft-bedded by 1948. Discontinued 1961.
Monte Carlo stock (1953–59) : A modified stock for the Sporting Model with revised buttstock and greatly enlarged, rollover cheekpiece.
Model D Marksman stock (1961–80):  This very heavy stock with full pistol grip, large zero-drop buttstock, and the forearm flare extended back to the bolt handle introduced the free-floating barrel to the Model 52 line; it also featured a rail under the forearm for mounting offhand grips and other accessories. (This stock owed little to the 1956 Olympic rifles, which had custom Dick Morgan freestyle stocks).
International Match stock (optional from 1969):  An Al Freeland freestyle thumbhole stock with adjustable Schützen buttplate; fewer than 750 made. Renamed International 3-Position in 1975.
International Prone stock (optional from 1975): A variant of the International Match intended for prone shooting. Only 37 made.

Barrel
 Standard Target: 28", 1" at the receiver tapering to .75"
 Heavy Target (optional 1927-1961): 28", 1" at the receiver tapering to .875"
 Bull Barrel (optional 1939-1960): 28", 1.125" at the receiver tapering to .875".  Model 52 Bull-guns came exclusively with the Marksman stock.
 Sporting (1934–1959): 24", .830" at the receiver tapering to .555"
 Model D Heavy Target (optional from 1961): 28", 1.0625" at the receiver tapering to .875"
International Match (from 1969, with International Match/3P/Prone stocks): Heavy Target pattern, precision-rifled and lead-lapped, with a rebated muzzle (omitted in late examples). The chamber was hand-cut to such tolerances that a cartridge could not be fully seated by finger pressure.
 Stainless steel and nickel steel barrels were offered briefly in 1930-33

Sights

Iron

All Model 52s with iron sights were equipped with receiver-mounted aperture sights, never barrel mounts, tang mounts or open sights.

Because at the time the Model 52 was developed many Army- and NRA-sponsored matches were restricted to "military-style" sights, and because Winchester had hopes of selling the 52 to the War Department as a marksmanship training rifle, Burton and Laudensack designed a folding ladder sight for the new target rifle. Designated 82A, it bore some resemblance to the sight on the M1903 Springfield, especially in its pivoting-base windage adjustment (albeit controlled by dual-opposed thumbscrews rather than the Springfield rack-and-worm). However, elevation adjustment was governed by a micrometer click-wheel for precision, not free-sliding like genuine military sights. The Burton-Laudensack helped Model 52 shooters sweep matches and set records throughout the 1920s, but more precise aftermarket sights took over the field and the increasingly obsolescent 82A was not offered after World War II.

Winchester catalogs from the beginning listed 52s with sights by other makers; indeed, the buyer could specify any compatible peep on a special-order basis. The most common of these was the Lyman 48 series: the 48-J and -JH for flat-top dovetail-mount receivers, and the 48-F and -FH for round-top side-mount rifles (standard on the 52 Sporting Model). Other popular sights were the Lyman 525, the Wittek-Vaver 35-MIELT, the Marble Goss 52, and the Redfield 90 and 100. Late 52s frequently were fitted with Redfield "Olympic" or "International" match sights.

The stock Winchester 93B front sight was an undercut blade type; aftermarket rear sights were typically paired with a compatible globe sight such as the Lyman 17A (except for the Sporter, on which a hooded Lyman or Redfield Gold Bead front sight was standard).

Telescopic
Barrel-mounted scope blocks were optional on early-production 52s; they were made standard in 1924.  These blocks were mounted 6.2" apart, giving 1.2" per minute-of-angle graduation at 100 yards. Originally the Winchester A3 and A5 as well as Lyman scopes were offered. In 1933 new bases with Fecker notches were introduced, using standard 7.2" (1"/MOA) spacing; these were compatible with any normal telescopic sight. Long-barrel Fecker, Unertl and Lyman Targetspot were popular telescopes for prewar Model 52 target rifles, with Redfield and Bausch & Lomb becoming ascendant in the 1950s. The late-70s 52E had additional mounting holes drilled in the forward receiver ring.

Sporting Models were not factory fitted for telescopic sights (except by special order) until 1953, when 52C Sporter receivers (not barrels) were provided with tapped and plugged screw holes. However, many earlier examples were so equipped by private gunsmiths: nearly all the popular hunting scopes have been mounted at one time or another. A period-correct scope is not considered by collectors to detract significantly from the 'originality' of a vintage Sporter.

The Sporting Model

The Sporter was in all respects a deluxe rifle. While Winchester already had a reputation as the Cadillac of American arms manufacturers, the 52 Sporter was produced with a degree of fit and finish appropriate to a custom gunsmith's shop. Esquire magazine called it "the piece de resistance of all sporting rifles. It's a diamond in a field of chipped glass-- the rifle for the connoisseur." Field & Stream named the 52 Sporter one of the "50 Best Guns Ever Made," calling it "unrivalled in beauty and accuracy."

Reproductions

In the 1990s the Herstal Group,licensed to use the Winchester trademark by the Olin Corporation, marketed "reissue" Model 52 Sporting rifles in two different barrel weights.  These reproductions were made by Miroku in Japan, and sold under both the Winchester and Browning brands.

See also
Winchester Repeating Arms Company
Winchester Rifle
List of Winchester models

Sources
 Goode, Monroe H., "Modern Sporting Rifles," in Esquire's First Sports Reader. New York: Barnes 1945
Henshaw, Thomas, The History of Winchester Firearms 1866-1992, 6th Ed. Academic Learning Co. 1993
Houze, Herbert, The Winchester Model 52: Perfection in Design. Gun Digest Books 1997
   Madis, George, The Winchester Book. Houston: Art and Reference House 1971
Shideler, Dan, 2008 Standard Catalog of Firearms. Krause Publications 2008.
Stroebel, Nick, Old Gunsights: A Collector's Guide 1850-1965. KP Books, 1998

Notes

Citations

External links
The Alphabet According to Winchester

Winchester Repeating Arms Company firearms
Bolt-action rifles of the United States
.22 LR rifles


Thomas Oikonomou (Greek: Θωμάς Οικονόμου, 1864–1927) was a Greek actor and one of the first modern Greek directors.

Biography
Son of the writer Aristeidos Oikonomou, Oikonomou was born in Vienna, Austria in what was then a part of Austrian Empire in 1864 and studied and begun his career as an actor. He arrived in Greece in 1900-1901 and begun as a professor at the Dramatic School what was then Royal Theatre and (after the separation of Angelos Vlahos) as a director. He knew the young Marika Kotopouli who he acted together in an erotic part and became a protagonist of that company. In 1906, he left the Royal Theatre with Marika Kotopouli and worked together at Marika's father's company Dimitris Kotopoulis where he directed and presented the new productions at the Athenian theatre. His luck was crowned by the critics and a loud noise at failed receipts that made Oikonomou in theatrical productions and his works to collapse. From 1918 until 1922, he worked at the Athens Odeum as professor and journalist of the company. Between all students he taught and Dimitris Rontiris. His contribution at the Greek theatre as a director and a hypocrite as well as mainly from the student's spot thought he was fixed. He died in 1927.

References
ΙΜΕ: The New Scene of Konstantinou Hristomanou and the Royal Theatre

Georgiou Michalis, H θεατρική δράση του Θωμά Οικονόμου σε Βιέννη και Γερμανία, σκηνή, τχ. 7 (2015), p. 275-308.https://www.academia.edu/20014832/H_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%98%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AC_%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%87._7_2015_%CF%83%CF%83._275-308

1864 births
1927 deaths
Male actors from Athens
Male actors from Vienna
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary
Immigrants to Greece
Male actors from Austria-Hungary


Crays Hill is a village in the Basildon borough of Essex, England. The River Crouch passes under Church Lane.

The village was listed in Domesday Book of 1086 when the Lord of the manor and tenant-in-chief was Sasselin of Layer.

Crays Hill was part of the civil parish of Ramsden Crays until 1934 when it was abolished to enlarge South Hanningfield.

Dale Farm
Crays Hill is the site of Dale Farm, once the largest Irish Traveller site in Europe. There has been a long-running legal battle by Basildon Council to evict the travellers who have illegally built upon green belt land. The council sent in police and bailiffs on 19 October 2011 to clear the disputed section of the site.

See also
Dale Farm

References

External links

Villages in Essex
Borough of Basildon


The Andrews Journal was an American community newspaper based in Andrews, North Carolina, covering the regions of Andrews, Marble, Nantahala and Topton. It merged with the Cherokee Scout on January 1, 2019.

The journal
The Andrews Journal was published Thursdays. The journal provided information on local news and events like schools, town and county meetings, sports, weddings, engagements, birth announcements, business, entertainment, churches, clubs and community events. Much of the community news in the journal was submitted by the general public.

Publishers
The Andrews Journal was published by Community Newspapers, Inc. (CNI), Athens, Georgia.

External links

References

Defunct newspapers published in North Carolina
1965 establishments in North Carolina


Athletics at the 1972 Summer Paralympics consisted of 73 events, 37 for men and 36 for women.

Participating nations

Medal table

Medal summary

Men's events

Women's events

References

1972 Summer Paralympics events
1972
Paralympics


Lawrence English (born 1975/76) is an Australian composer, artist, and curator from Brisbane. His work is broadly concerned with the politics of perception, specifically he is interested in the nature of listening, and sounds' capability to occupy the body. He is the director of the imprint Room40, started in 2000. He and Jamie Stewart from Xiu Xiu have an ongoing collaboration named Hexa.

Sound works
English's music is recognised as exploring "environmental and musical sources and is highly regarded for its intelligent invocation of perception, memory and space". On his 2014 album Wilderness of Mirrors he outlines his approach to composition "For me it's about a kind of struggle between almost nothing and almost everything. Sometimes one sound can be too much and other times 50 layers seems lacking in the depth you want to convey. I think at the heart of this question is dynamics, and I feel that's very much what this album is about. It's a slow reveal, I want it to be a seduction."

He cites childhood experiences birdwatching for reed warbler with his father as the starting point for his interest in sound in space. He has stated, "If you just looked in the reeds you'd see nothing. If you listened you got an idea of space and a sense of where it might be, then you understood it. That's probably my first experience with these ideas of space and sound, which are basically the fundamental building blocks of what I've been interested in since then." These experiences have led to a long engagement with field recordings, and more recently the development of theoretical approaches to the practice including his Relational Listening theory.

Discography

Studio albums

Awards

Queensland Music Awards
The Queensland Music Awards (previously known as Q Song Awards) are annual awards celebrating Queensland, Australia's brightest emerging artists and established legends. They commenced in 2006.

 (wins only)
|-
| 2008
| "Watching It Unfold"
| Electronic song of the Year
|
|-

References

External links

1976 births
20th-century Australian engineers
20th-century Australian male artists
21st-century Australian engineers
21st-century Australian male artists
Australian audio engineers
Australian curators
Australian male artists
Australian male composers
Australian sound artists
Birdwatchers
Indie musicians
Living people
Mass media theorists
Music theorists
People from Brisbane
Queensland University of Technology alumni
Sound recordists
Wildlife sound recordists


The Carrboro Citizen was a weekly newspaper based in Carrboro, North Carolina, USA. The Citizen covered Carrboro, Chapel Hill, Hillsborough, Pittsboro, Orange County and northern Chatham County. It was published on Thursdays and distributed free in racks throughout the coverage area. The paper ceased publication in October 2012.

History
The Citizen was launched in March 2007 by the publisher Robert Dickson, whose family also owns and operates the Raeford News-Journal in Hoke County, North Carolina, and Kirk Ross, who was the Citizen'''s editor until May 2011. The press run was originally 5,000 copies and grew to 7,000. The paper won several North Carolina Press Association awards for excellence in journalism, photography and design.The Carrboro Citizen also published Mill, a monthly tabloid covering the arts, music and dining scene of the Carrboro/Chapel Hill area. Mill was inserted into the Citizen at the beginning of each month.

In May 2009, the Town of Carrboro approved a $50,000 loan at 2% interest to the paper. The loan was part of a revolving loan program that has been available to local businesses for several years. Alderwoman Jacqueline Gist said that the loan was a good idea because "The Citizen is an integral part of our community, and the only newspaper that provides local coverage." Robert Dickson put up his condominium appraised at $240,000 as collateral. Dickson discussed the loan in detail in a May 28, 2009, editorial.

In May 2011, Susan Dickson was named editor of the Citizen''. She is a graduate of the UNC School of Journalism and has worked as a staff writer for the paper for several years. Dickson is the daughter of publisher Robert Dickson.

Awards
 Isaac Sandlin, 2008 North Carolina Press Association News Photography award for "Eve Carson candlelight vigil"
 Taylor Sisk, 2008 North Carolina Press Association Profile Feature award for "A few moments with Beulah" and News Enterprise Reporting for "Rogers Road" and "Breakdown: A series on mental health"
 Liz Holm, 2009 North Carolina Press Association Best Ad Awards: first place in Best Full-Color Restaurant/Entertainment Ad, Best Full-Color Institutional Ad, and Best Special Section; second place in Best Full-Color Real Estate Ad, Best Full-Color Institutional Ad, and Best Shared Page; third place in Best Shared Page.
 General Excellence for Newspaper Websites, First Place, North Carolina Press Association 2009 Journalism Contest
 Liz Holm, 2010 North Carolina Press Association Best Ad Awards: first place in Best Full Color Retail Ad; second place in Best Shared Page; and third place in Best Full Color Restaurant/Entertainment Ad. (2010 winners have yet to be posted on the NCPA website.)
 General Excellence for Newspaper Websites, First Place, North Carolina Press Association 2010 Journalism Contest

Online Archives
Archives, 2007-2012

References

Mass media in Chapel Hill-Carrboro, North Carolina
Weekly newspapers published in North Carolina


Trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) is the acid anhydride of trifluoroacetic acid. It is the perfluorinated derivative of acetic anhydride.

Preparation
Trifluoroacetic anhydride was originally prepared by the dehydration of trifluoroacetic acid with phosphorus pentoxide. The dehydration might also be carried out with excess α-halogenated acid chlorides. For example, with dichloroacetyl chloride:

 2 CF3COOH + Cl2CHCOCl → (CF3CO)2O + Cl2CHCOOH + HCl

Uses
Trifluoroacetic anhydride has various uses in organic synthesis.

It may be used to introduce the corresponding trifluoroacetyl group, for which it is more convenient than the corresponding acyl chloride, trifluoroacetyl chloride, which is a gas.

It can be used to promote reactions of carboxylic acids, including nucleophilic acyl substitution, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and acylation of other unsaturated compounds. Other electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions can also be promoted with trifluoroacetic anhydride, including nitration, sulfonation and nitrosylation.

Similar to acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride can be used as a dehydrating agent and as an activator for the Pummerer rearrangement.

It can be used in place of oxalyl chloride in the Swern oxidation, allowing temperatures up to −30 °C.

With sodium iodide, it reduces sulfoxides to sulfides.

Trifluoroacetic anhydride is the recommended desiccant for trifluoroacetic acid.

References

Carboxylic anhydrides
Trifluoromethyl compounds


Saint Louis de Montfort's Prayer to Jesus is a reflection of his philosophy of "total consecration to Jesus Christ through Mary", a theme that centuries later influenced the development of Roman Catholic Mariology.

Description
Although St Louis is perhaps best known for his Mariology and devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, his spirituality is founded on the mystery of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ, and is centered on Christ, as reflected in his collected works God Alone.

As the prayer suggests, St. Louis introduced the key concepts that underlie Roman Catholic Mariology today: that Jesus and Mary are son and mother, redeemer and redeemed and that the path to Jesus is through Mary. Theologically, the prayer reflects the inherent inclusion of Mariology in Christology. This concept was echoed by Pope John Paul II about his reading of Montfort's works:

Then I understood that I could not exclude the Lord's Mother from my life without neglecting the will of God-Trinity.

Words of the prayer
O most loving Jesus, deign to let me pour forth my gratitude before Thee, for the grace Thou hast bestowed upon me in giving me to Thy holy Mother through the devotion of Holy Bondage, that she may be my advocate in the presence of Thy majesty and my support in my extreme misery.

Alas, O Lord! I am so wretched that without this dear Mother I should be certainly lost. Yes, Mary is necessary for me at Thy side and everywhere that she may appease Thy just wrath, because I have so often offended Thee; that she may save me from the eternal punishment of Thy justice, which I deserve; that she may contemplate Thee, speak to Thee, pray to Thee, approach Thee and please Thee; that she may help me to save my soul and the souls of others; in short, Mary is necessary for me that I may always do Thy holy will and seek Thy greater glory in all things.

Ah, would that I could proclaim throughout the whole world the mercy that Thou hast shown to me ! Would that everyone might know I should be already damned, were it not for Mary! Would that I might offer worthy thanksgiving for so great a blessing! Mary is in me.

Oh, what a treasure! Oh, what a consolation! And shall I not be entirely hers? Oh, what ingratitude! My dear Saviour, send me death rather than such a calamity, for I would rather die than live without belonging entirely to Mary. With St. John the Evangelist at the foot of the Cross, I have taken her a thousand times for my own and as many times have given myself to her; but if I have not yet done it as Thou, dear Jesus, dost wish, I now renew this offering as Thou dost desire me to renew it.

And if Thou seest in my soul or my body anything that does not belong to this august Princess, I pray Thee to take it and cast it far from me, for whatever in me does not belong to Mary is unworthy of Thee.

O Holy Spirit, grant me all these graces. Plant in my soul the Tree of true Life, which is Mary; cultivate it and tend it so that it may grow and blossom and bring forth the fruit of life in abundance.

O Holy Spirit, give me great devotion to Mary, Thy faithful spouse; give me great confidence in her maternal heart and an abiding refuge in her mercy, so that by her Thou mayest truly form in me Jesus Christ, great and mighty, unto the fullness of His perfect age. Amen.

References

External links
 Catholic online prayers
 Saint Louis de Montfort, God Alone: The Collected Writings of St. Louis Marie De Montfort, Montfort Publications, 1995

Roman Catholic prayers


Clay County Progress is a weekly newspaper based in Clay County, North Carolina, covering Clay and Cherokee counties in North Carolina and Towns County, Georgia.

History
The Clay County Progress was preceded by the Clay County News, which launched Sep. 17, 1926, and was published by L.F. Cross through 1938.
The Clay County Progress began printing in November 1951 with J.K. Hutchings as its publisher.  The Cherokee Scout in nearby Murphy, North Carolina, printed a combined Cherokee Scout and Clay County Progress edition between 1961 and 1980. The Progress has been printed on the Scout'''s press since at least 1964. The newspaper's website, ClayCountyProgress.com, launched by February 2002.

Between 1987 and January 2012, the Progress faced competition from weekly newspaper The Smoky Mountain Sentinel, which was also based in Hayesville. The Sentinel had a circulation of 4,000 when it shut down due to the publisher falling ill. Since it closed, the Progress has been the only newspaper in Clay County.The Progress began publishing "Reader's Choice" awards in 2022.

In October 2023, the Clay County Progress'' moved its headquarters from the Clay County square downtown to Moore's Plaza on Business Highway 64. The paper's offices had previously been located at Moore's Plaza until 2003. The newspaper did not explain why it moved.

See also
 List of newspapers published in North Carolina

References

Weekly newspapers published in North Carolina
Clay County, North Carolina


J. Michael Ortiz is an American educator and the 5th president of Cal Poly Pomona. Prior to this appointment on August 1, 2003 Ortiz was professor of education at Appalachian State University and vice president for academic affairs at Fresno State.  He was listed in 2005 as one of the 100 most influential Hispanics in 2005 by Hispanic Business magazine. In 2008 Latino Magazine named him one of the Top 25 Latinos in Education.

Ortiz announced on January 30, 2014 that he would be stepping down as President of Cal Poly Pomona at the end of 2014. He was succeeded by Soraya M. Coley, who served as Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs of California State University Bakersfield since 2005.

Background
Ortiz's professional leadership activities include:
AASCU Christa McAuliffe Presidential Selection Committee
AASCU Committee on Teacher Education
AASCU Task Force on Sustainability
ACE Commission on Advancement of Racial and Ethnic Equity
American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment Leadership Circle
Aspen Institute Commission on No Child Left Behind
BACCHUS and GAMMA Peer Education Network Board of Trustees
CCAA Presidents/Chancellors Group Board of Directors
California State University (CSU) Agricultural Research Initiative Board of Governors, Vice Chair
CSU Presidents' Council on Underserved Constituencies
California Campus Compact, Executive Board of Directors
DoD/HACU Department of Defense/Hispanic Serving Institution Task Force
North Central Association, Consultant Evaluator
Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC), Program Evaluator
USDA/HSI Collaborative Advisory Board

He holds a bachelors, a master's degree from the University of New Mexico and a PhD from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Possible departure

On October 27, 2009, Cal Poly Pomona student-run newspaper The Poly Post informed the campus community of Ortiz's possible departure to New Mexico State University.

References

Presidents of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Living people
Educators from Greater Los Angeles
21st-century American educators
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Education alumni


Dartchery at the 1972 Summer Paralympics consisted of three events.

Medal summary

References

1972 Summer Paralympics events
1972