The 1997 Ardabil earthquake occurred on 28 February with a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The strike-slip earthquake occurred in northern Iran, near the city of Ardabil.

Background and tectonics
Ardabil and the surrounding province which bears its name are agricultural lands, primarily populated by Azeris. Two other earthquakes damaged northern Iran the month before, killing at least 79 people.

Damage and casualties
The earthquake occurred at 12:57 UTC (4:27 p.m. Iran Standard Time) and lasted for 15 seconds. At least 1,100 people were killed, 2,600 injured, 36,000 homeless, 12,000 houses damaged or destroyed and 160,000 livestock killed in the Ardabil area of northwestern Iran. Severe damage was observed to roads, electrical power lines, communications and water distribution systems around Ardabil. Hospitals and other medical buildings were overflowing with patients as a result of the earthquake. More than 83 villages experienced some form of damage.

Within the village of Villadareh, 85 corpses were recovered from the rubble. In Varania, another small village near the epicenter that had previously had a population of 85, all but 20 residents had perished.

Aftershocks
Roughly 350 aftershocks followed the main Ardabil earthquake. The largest one had a magnitude of 5.2 on the Richter scale. Aid workers and rescuers approximate death toll as high as 3,000.

Aftermath and relief efforts
In the aftermath of the tremor,  of snow fell, hampering rescue efforts. The Iranian government declared three days of mourning to honor victims. Iranian president visited the damaged area on 4 March. Rescue workers at the scene disputed the official government death toll, claiming it was as much as three times higher.

Nonetheless, head of the Iranian Branch of Red Crescent Seifollah Vahid Dastjerdi was satisfied with the pace of relief work. More than 8,700 tents, 21,800 blankets, 15,300 heaters and lanterns, 2,000 bottles of baby formula and 80 tons of bread were given to the victims. Additionally, 60 ambulances, 127 trucks and vans and two helicopters transported victims, relief workers, and supplies to and from the affected region.

Air crash
On 3 March, a small aircraft on a relief mission crashed about 16 miles (25 km) northeast of Ardabil. Its wreckage was discovered the following day. There were four people on board the Falcon aircraft but no survivors. The crash was blamed on poor weather and heavy snowfall.

See also
1997 Bojnurd earthquake – An earlier earthquake affecting Iran that same month
List of earthquakes in 1997
List of earthquakes in Iran

References

Further reading

External links

1997 Ardabil
Ardabil
Ardabil earthquake
History of Ardabil Province
February 1997 events in Asia
1997 disasters in Iran


Jochen Hick (born April 2, 1960 in Darmstadt) is a German film director and producer of mainly independent feature and documentary films, also specialising in LGBT subjects. In 1994 he founded the film and TV production company GALERIA ALASKA PRODUCTIONS, based in Hamburg and Berlin. He worked and produced for several production companies and TV channels and contributed to TV documentary programs such as ARD-Exclusiv or SPIEGEL TV Reportage. 2007-2010 he is as well editor-in-chief, head of program acquisitions and co-programming director of TIMM, the first TV channel for gay male audiences in German speaking countries, which has been on the air since November 1, 2008.

His 2008 documentary East/West – Sex & Politics concerns Nikolai Alekseev's attempts to organise the 2007 Moscow Pride event.

His most recent project, the 2017 documentary Mein wunderbares West-Berlin (My Wonderful West Berlin), covers gay experiences in West Berlin between the mid-1940s and the late 1980s and beyond. The film premiered in February 2017 at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival (aka Berlinale).

Filmography

 Mein wunderbares West-Berlin (My Wonderful West Berlin) (2017)
 The GDR Complex (2016)
 Out in East Berlin – Lesbians & Gays in the GDR (2013)
 DDR unterm Regenbogen (2011) (TV)
 The Good American (2009)
 East/West – Sex & Politics (2008)
 Deutschland – Ein Herbstmärchen (2007)
 Hallelujah! (2006)
 Rainbow's End (2006)
 Am Ende des Regenbogens (2005) (TV)
 Cycles of Porn: Sex/Life in L.A., Part 2 (2005)
 Talk Straight: The World of Rural Queers (2003)
 No One Sleeps (2000)
 Sex/Life in L.A. (1998)
 Menmaniacs – The Legacy of Leather (1995)
 Welcome to the Dome (1992)
 Via Appia (1990)
 Gerd Hansen, 55 (1987)
 Moon Over Pittsburgh (1985)
 Die Gedaechtnisluecke (1982)

Awards
The 2003 Teddy Award for Best Documentary at the 53rd Berlin International Film Festival for Talk Straight: The World Of Rural Queers.

External links

References

Film people from Hesse
Living people
1960 births
Mass media people from Darmstadt


The British International School Ho Chi Minh City (BIS HCMC) is an international school in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, which provides a British style education. The school has three campuses: a primary campus, a secondary campus, and an early years & infant campus in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). The campuses are located in the residential area of District 2 (Thao Dien).  The British International School Ho Chi Minh City was founded in 1997 as Tiny Tots, a Kindergarten. Beginning with two classes, two overseas teachers and 40 toddlers, it has since grown to become a private day school with around 1,800 students from 52 countries.  The Early Years & Infant Campus caters for students from the Foundation Stage (Pre-school) through to Year 2, the Junior Campus (Primary School) caters for children in Year 3 through to Year 6 and the Secondary campus caters for students from Years 7–13. BIS HCMC has 161 full-time teachers, most of whom are British qualified. BIS HCMC teaches a combination of the National Curriculum of England and International Primary Curriculum (IPC) for the primary students and students take both the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) examinations and the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.  BIS is accredited through the Council of International Schools (CIS).  The school is a registered centre for the UK examination boards, Cambridge International Examinations.  It is also designated as an IB World School.  It is a member of the Federation of British International Schools in South Asia (FOBISIA) with the Principal Mr Anthony Rowlands currently holding the position of Chair of FOBISIA.

History
In August 1997, a pre-school named Tiny Tots was established in a villa on Nguyen Van Thu Street in District 1 of Ho Chi Minh City starting with two classes, two teachers from overseas and 40 toddlers. A second pre-school named Fundino was then established in District 3. The original Tiny Tots villa was extended in 2000 to accommodate 10 additional primary classrooms, bringing the total number of students to 300 children. This was the first year the school was officially called the British International School, with Marjorie Hunt being the first Head Teacher.

Two years later, a Primary campus was built in the residential An Phu area of the city. Alun Thomas was appointed as Principal of the three campuses and enrolment reached 600 children. In August 2005, a purpose-built Secondary campus was opened on land very close to the new Primary campus in An Phu.

In August 2007, another new Primary campus was built on Tu Xuong Street in District 3, combining the Nguyen Van Thu campus and the Fundino campus into one new school. Mr Shaun Williams was appointed as Principal, and the school roll rose to 1,350 children, with ages ranging from 2 to 18.

In 2008, an extension to the An Phu Primary campus was opened followed by an extension to the An Phu Secondary campus in August 2010. These extensions provided additional classrooms and specialist facilities allowing the school to grow towards its projected target of 2,000 students.

In 2015, the British International School Ho Chi Minh City merged with Nord Anglia Education (NAE), a schools organisation located across China, Europe, the Middle East, North America and Southeast Asia.

In 2017, the Primary campus in Tu Xuong was closed due to budget deficits causing the two primary schools (Tu Xuong and An Phu) to be merged.

In 2018, BIS HCMC opened their specialist Early Years & Infant Campus facility down the road from the Junior and Secondary Campuses in District 2, closing the Tu Xuong Campus in District 3 and uniting the whole school community in one central location in Thao Dien.

Inter-school involvements
Inter-house sporting competitions and fixtures against other schools in Ho Chi Minh City occur on a regular basis as well as regional games.  The school is also involved in the Federation of British International Schools in Asia (FOBISIA), with sports and music.

BIS was the founding school of SAIMUN (HCMC Model United Nations).  SAIMUN is the only MUN conference held in Vietnam, and was established in 2009. In addition, BIS established and hosted the 1st Annual FOBISIA MUN 2010.

BIS is also the host of the annual ABRSM High Scorers' Concerts in Ho Chi Minh City, which feature the top 25 scoring musicians.

References

Ho Chi Minh City
United Kingdom–Vietnam relations
International schools in Ho Chi Minh City
Cambridge schools in Vietnam
International Baccalaureate schools in Vietnam


Charles II Gonzaga (22 October 1609 – 30 August 1631) was the son of Charles I, Duke of Mantua, and Catherine de Lorraine-Guise (also known as Catherine de Mayenne). He was the Duke of Nevers and Rethel, together with his father.

In 1621, he succeeded his uncle Henri de Lorraine-Guise as Duke of Mayenne.
In 1627 he married his cousin Maria Gonzaga, Marquise of Montferrat and heiress to the Duchy of Mantua. However, Cesare II Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla and Emperor Ferdinand II rejected her claim to Mantua, leading to the War of Mantuan Succession (1628–1631).

Charles was never Duke of Mantua since he died at Cavriana six years before his father. When the latter died in 1637, Charles's eight-year-old son, Charles II, became Duke of Mantua, his widow Maria acting as regent. His daughter Eleonora became Holy Roman Empress.

Family
In December 1627 he married his cousin Maria Gonzaga, the marriage being arranged by Vincenzo II Gonzaga.

Charles and Maria had:
Maria Gonzaga
Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat (1629–1665).
Eleonora (1630–1686), who married in 1651 Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor.

Ancestry

References

Sources

1609 births
1631 deaths
Charles
Heirs apparent who never acceded
Nobility from Paris
17th-century Italian nobility
17th-century peers of France
Sons of monarchs
Dukes of Mayenne


Buck Owens is the debut album by Buck Owens, released in 1960. It was released on the La Brea label. His debut on Capitol Records the next year would also be titled Buck Owens.

Track listing
 "Country Girl"
 "Down on the Corner of Love"
 "House Down the Block"
 "You're fer Me"
 "Blue Love"
 "Right After the Dance"
 "It Don't Show on Me"
 "Please Don't Take Her From Me"
 "Three Dimension Love"
 "Why Don't My Mommy Stay with My Daddy and Me?"
 "I'm Gonna Blow"
 "When I Hold You"
 "Higher Higher and Higher"
 "I Will Always Love You Darlin'"

1960 debut albums
Buck Owens albums


The École supérieure de réalisation audiovisuelle is a French private film school (Paris, Nice, Rennes) which specialises in the training of cinema, television, photography, sound engineering and digital art through the DESRA (Diplôme d'études supérieures de réalisation audiovisuelle) diploma, the DESTS (Diplôme d'études supérieures des téchniques du son) and the DESFA (Diplôme d'études supérieures du film d'animation).

ESRA was created in 1972 in Paris by Max Azoulay.

Since 2007, the students can continue their studies for a fourth year in New York city.

In 2007, the school created two year specialization studies (mastère) in Paris.

Mastères
 Scenario : Fiction/Documentary :
 Coordinator : Edouard Blanchot
 Parrain fiction: Michel Alexandre
 Parrain documentaire : Patrick Rotman
 Production/ Distribution:
 Coordinateur: Franck Garbarz,
 Parrains: Michel Reilhac (director of cinema Arte),
 François Sauvagnargues (director of fiction sector Arte), Thierry Lacaze (director of FOX Searchlight sector).

People

Notable alumni
 Didier Delaître (promotion 1984), director and composer : Central Nuit TV show, Éternelle, Dos au mur
 Pierre Morel (promotion 1986), director : Banlieue 13, Taken, From Paris with Love.
 David Charhon (promotion 1998), director : Cyprien, De l'autre côté du périph , Le dernier mercenaire
 Yves Darrondeau, Christophe Lioud et Emmanuel Priou (all three promotion 1987), producers : March of the Penguins (Academy Award for best documentary).
 Florent Emilio Siri (promotion 1988), director : Une minute de silence, Nid de guêpes, Hostage and L'Ennemi intime.
 Laurent Frapat (promotion 1988), director : Les Chroniques de la terre sauvage.
 Winfried Bonengel (promotion 1988), director : Les Enfants de la colère.
 Alain Benguigui (promotion 1989), producer : Bord de mer, Brodeuses, Toi et moi, Les Yeux bandés.
 Jean-François Richet (promotion 1990), director : Ma 6-T va crack-er, Assault on Precinct 13, L'Ennemi public n° 1, L'Instinct de mort.
 Karin Albou (promotion 1991), director : La Petite Jérusalem, Le chant des mariées.
 Goran Nerić (promotion 1991), director : Zona Arizona
 Gilles Jacquier (promotion 1991), journalist and reporter
 Pascal Laugier (promotion 1993), director : Saint Ange, Martyrs.
 Stéphane Robelin (promotion 1994), director : Réal Movie.
 Marc Miance (dropout), producer : Renaissance, Animal Kingdom: Let's Go Ape.
 Xavier Ruiz (promotion 1994), director : Neutre.
 Éric Toledano (promotion 1994), director : Je préfère qu'on reste amis, Nos jours heureux.
 Narjiss Nejjar (promotion 1995), director : Les Yeux secs.
 Rémi Bezançon (promotion 1995), director : Love Is in the Air (2005 film), The First Day of the Rest of Your Life, Un heureux événement.
 Alex Pilot (promotion 1995), director on Nolife (TV channel).
 Othman Naciri (promotion 2004), director : Sin Palabras, Echec et Mat.
 Vivianne Chaix (promotion ISTS 2006), sound engineer : Slumdog Millionaire (directed by Danny Boyle). Academy Award (Oscar) winner 2009 for "Best Song" and "Best Score".
 Issa Serge Coelo: Daresalam, DP75: Tartina City, Ndjamena City.
 César Ducasse, director: Lies Inc. and Mørke sjeler.
 Stéphane Robelin, director: Réal Movie.
 Carine Tardieu, director: La tête de maman
 Virginie Sauveur, director: Celle qui reste, (television films).
 Dominique Tabuteau, director: Julie Lescaut and other (TV shows)
 Virginie Sauveur, director: Frères (TV shows)
 Yann Belitti, director: 1805
 Claus Drexel, director: Affaire de famille.
 Nicolas Bary (promotion 2001), director : Les enfants de Timpelbach
 Antoine Pinson (promotion 2004), director : Aléa
 Julien Maury, director : Inside
 Yvan Sadik, producer: Le chant de la Noria
 Guillaume Raphoz, producer: Résonnances
 Charles-Henri Avelange, composer: The Age of Heroes, SIFF 35th Anniversary Tribute, Arthur and Official Best of Fest.
 Les Petits Pilous French electro music duo.
 Maxime Musqua, comedian and YouTube personality
 Vysakh Reetha, Director,Producer and Visual Effects supervisor

Professors

Professors of Paris

Professors ESRA:

Histoire du cinéma
 Vincent Amiel:
Docteur en cinématographie, Maîtrise de conférences en cinéma à l'Université de Caen.

Scénario
 Frédéric Sabouraud:
Scénariste, Licencié en Histoire, Critique aux Cahiers du Cinéma.
 Edouard Blanchot:
Diplômé du Conservatoire Européen d'écriture audiovisuelle, Ancien élève de l'ESRA

Mise en scène:
 Pierre Berthomieu:
Ancien élève de l'ENS, Agrégé de Lettres, Maîtrise de conférence d'Études cinématographiques à l'Université Paris VII

Direction artistique, production publicitaire et story-board:
 Franck Van-Leeuwen:
Directeur artistique, Ancien élève de l'École  Charpentier.

Reportage :
 Frédéric Desroches:
Chef de Service à France télévision, Ancien élève de l'ESRA.

Assistanat de réalisation, régie générale et production:
 Jacques Faure:
Directeur de production. Maîtrise de psychologie.
 Pierre D'Hoffelize:
Directeur de production Long Métrage, Enseignant chargé de cours à l'Université Paris III.

Technique cinéma et Lumière:
 Denis Morel:
Directeur de la Photographie, Ancien élève de Louis Lumière.
 Patrice Guillou:
Chef opérateur, Ancien élève de Louis Lumière.

Culture Musicale:
 Christian Lotito:
Maîtrise de musicologie, Chef d'orchestre, Compositeur et Arrangeur.

Anglais:
 Mathilda Aelion:
Maîtrise de réalisation cinéma et télévision, USC, CAPES of English.

Professors ISTS:

Technologie des équipements, technique son:
 Hervé Baudier:
Ingénieur E.E.M.S., Sound Engineer.

Esthétique sonore et technique de mise en œuvre:
 Nicolas Mercier et Bertrand Come:
Sound Engineers.

Techniques de prise de son sonorisation:
 Pierre-Yves Guyomard:
Sound Engineer.

Acoustique et son audiovisuel:
 François Libault:
Ancien élève de Louis Lumière.

Acoustique et physique appliquée:
 Olivier Calvet:
Dea d'acoustique appliquée agrégé de mécanique.

Culture Artistique:
 Bruno Guiganti:
Dea de philosophie, Acousmaticien.

Electronique appliquée:
 Eric Samama:
Dut de génie électrique option électronique et informatique industrielle.

Anglais:
 Corinne Ladet:
Maîtrise d'anglais, USF.
 Mathilda AELION

Réalisation artistique:
 Jean-Christophe Belval:
Réalisateur artistique, compositeur, arrangeur et ingénieur du son.

Culture générale Mise en scène:
 Camille Gendrault:
Docteur auprès de l'Université de Paris I.

Professors SUP'INFOGRAPH:

Histoire du cinéma:
 Vincent AMIEL:
Docteur en cinématographie, Maîtrise de conférences en cinéma à l'Université de Caen.

Direction artistique production publicitaire et story-board:
 Franck VAN-LEEUWEN:
Directeur artistique, Ancien élève de l'École Charpentier.

Technique lumière:
 Patrice GUILLOU:
Directeur de la Photographie Ancien élève de Louis Lumière.

Image 3 D:
 Edouard Aoun:
Diplômé des Beaux-Arts, Maîtrise d'Arts Plastiques, DEA d'Esthétiques et Sciences de l'Art (la Sorbonne), DESS d'Images de synthèse 3D.
 Franck Parisis:
Infographiste 3D, Chef décorateur
 Nicolas Galvini Infographiste 3D, Animateur, Chef de projet.

Anglais:
 Corinne LADET

Dessin:
 Jean Bernard Pouchous
Diplôme National des Beaux-Arts Prix Villa Médicis
 Frédéric Jacquin
Diploma of the Gerrit Rietveld Academie.

Scénario:
 Mathieu Masmondet:
CEEA, an ESRA previous student.

Esthétique de l'image:
 Carle Wrona:
Doctorat de recherches cinématographiques et audiovisuelles Paris III.

Histoire du Dessin animé:
 Bernard Genin:
Chef de rubrique Ciné Télé, Diplômé des Beaux-Arts.

Mise en scène:
 Olivier Cotte:
Historien du film d'animation, journaliste pour le cinéma d'animation et les images numériques, diplômé des Beaux-Arts.

Professors of Nice
Professors ISTS:

Technique Son:
 Jean Pourchier: Full Sail University
 Frédéric Garnero: graduate of Centre National de Création Musicale (CIRM) in Nice. Régisseur son at Théâtre National de Nice.

Production:
 Stephen Taylor: Berklee College of Music Official website

Culture Musicale:
 Bernard Guiraud: Louis Lumière College.,

Illustration Musicale au Cinéma:
 Stéphane Chanudaud: give lessons at University of Provence

Design Sonore:
 Luc Martinez

Professors of Rennes

Mise en scène, Scénario:
 Hervé Morzadec: IDHEC

Perception de l'espace:
 Boris Volant: Maîtrise d'art plastiques, DEA Histoire et critique des arts.

Histoire du cinéma:
 Jean-Pierre Eugène: CAPES musical education, Maîtrise in Musicology and author of La musique dans les films d'Alfred Hitchcock

Technique sonore:
 Hervé Jegaden: Production sound mixer, director of Drop Studio

Histoire de la BD:
 Marc Legrand: professional comic book creator.

Notable lecturers
 Gilles Tinayre, composer of Chouchou, and previous president of the French Film Composers' Association.
 Guy Reibel: electroacoustic music and acousmatic composer trained under Olivier Messiaen, Conservatoire de Paris, Groupe de Recherches Musicales

Curiosity
 Ronin, a 1998 movie by John Frankenheimer, was set in the French Riviera and a shooting scene at the harbour of Nice was shot in front of the school.

References

External links
 Official site
 Students movies
 Alumni directory
 ESRA Paris productions on IMDb
 ESRA Cote d'Azur productions on IMDb
 Official myspace

Educational institutions established in 1972
Film schools in France
Animation schools in France
Art schools in France
Audio engineering schools
Graphic design schools
Mass media in Paris
1972 establishments in France


Ludwig II (German: Ludwig II: Glanz und Ende eines Königs) is a 1955 West German historical drama film directed by Helmut Käutner and starring O.W. Fischer, Ruth Leuwerik and Marianne Koch. It is based on the life of the nineteenth century ruler Ludwig II of Bavaria.  It was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival. The film was shot in technicolor at the Bavaria Studios in Munich with sets designed by the art director Hein Heckroth and Fritz Lück. Location shooting took place at the historic residences of Ludwig II Herrenchiemsee, Neuschwanstein Castle and Hohenschwangau Castle.

Cast
 O.W. Fischer as Ludwig II
 Ruth Leuwerik as Elisabeth, Empress of Austria
 Marianne Koch as Princess Sophie
 Paul Bildt as Richard Wagner
 Friedrich Domin as Otto von Bismarck
 Rolf Kutschera as
 Herbert Hübner as von Pfistermeister
 Robert Meyn as Professor Dr. Gudden
 Rudolf Fernau as Prince Luitpold von Bayern
 Willy Rösner as Minister von Lutz
 Klaus Kinski as Prince Otto von Bayern
 Fritz Odemar as General von der Tann
 Erik Frey as Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria
 Albert Johannes as Fürst Hohenfels
 Erica Balqué as Cosima von Bülow
 Walter Regelsberger as Graf Dürckheim
 Hans Quest as Kapellmeister Eckert

References

Bibliography
 Mitchell, Charles P. The Great Composers Portrayed on Film, 1913 through 2002. McFarland, 2004.
 Reimer, Robert C. & Reimer, Carol J. The A to Z of German Cinema. Scarecrow Press, 2010.

External links

1955 films
1955 drama films
1950s biographical drama films
1950s historical drama films
German biographical drama films
German historical drama films
West German films
1950s German-language films
Biographical films about German royalty
Biographical films about Austrian royalty
Films directed by Helmut Käutner
Films set in Bavaria
Films set in the 1860s
Films set in the 1870s
Films set in the 1880s
Films set in castles
Films set in the Kingdom of Bavaria
Films about Ludwig II of Bavaria
Cultural depictions of Otto von Bismarck
Cultural depictions of Richard Wagner
Cultural depictions of Empress Elisabeth of Austria
Cultural depictions of Franz Joseph I of Austria
1950s German films
Films shot at Bavaria Studios
Films shot in Bavaria


Robin Sewell (born 22 December 1979) is a professional ballroom dancer. He was born in Durban, South Africa.

He has danced competitively with: Beate Kaulitz (? – June 2001), Elisabeth Haraldsdottir (January 2002 – November 2003), Nuria Santalucia (December 2003 – June 2005), Nicole Cutler (June 2005 – June 2006), and Alarna Donovan (January 2007 – January 2008). He has no current professional dancing partner.

Robin Sewell with Elisabeth Haraldsdottir (Iceland) was the Amateur Latin Open Champion in 2002. His partnership with Nicole Cutler saw them become runners-up in the closed British Championships and ranked second in England.

References

1979 births
Living people
South African ballroom dancers


Sandy Pond Beach Unique Area is a  New York State conservation area located within the eastern Lake Ontario dunes. It lies at the north end of a spit of land dividing North Sandy Pond from Lake Ontario, and is about  north of the developed portion of Sandy Island Beach State Park. There is no road access to the area, which can be most easily reached by boat. For this reason, local residents have long referred to the beach as "Boaters' Beach". It has been managed as part of Sandy Island Beach State Park since 2011.

History
The area was purchased by The Nature Conservancy in 1994 from two private owners who were concerned about preservation of the land; the purchase price was about $300,000. The new conservation area was named the Sandy Pond Beach Natural Area. The purchase was followed by a restoration effort involving beachgrass plantings and construction of boardwalks to prevent damage to the beachgrass by foot traffic. The Nature Conservancy properties were purchased by New York State to create the Unique Area, which was managed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation as part of the New York State Forest system.

In 2011, administration and ownership of Sandy Pond Beach Unique Area was transferred to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation to be incorporated into nearby Sandy Island Beach State Park.

Habitat and ecological value
There is a bird sanctuary on the northernmost tip of this area that hosts large numbers of shorebirds during migration; the Unique Area is part of the Eastern Lake Ontario Marshes Bird Conservation Area that also includes Deer Creek Marsh, Lakeview, and Black Pond Wildlife Management Areas. Visitors and pets are not allowed in the bird sanctuary.

The Unique Area was designated as part of the "Eastern Lake Ontario Barrier Beach and Wetland Complex" New York Natural Heritage Area in 2007.

References

External links

New York (state) unique areas
New York State Natural Heritage Areas
State parks of New York (state)
Protected areas of Oswego County, New York


Children of the Bride is a 1990 American drama television film directed by Jonathan Sanger and starring Rue McClanahan, Kristy McNichol, Jack Coleman, Anne Bobby, Conor O'Farrell and Patrick Duffy. The film premiered on CBS on October 5, 1990 and was released on DVD in 2003. The film was followed by two sequels: Baby of the Bride (1991) and Mother of the Bride (1993).

Plot
Margret Becker (McClanahan) has a big surprise for her now adult children – she is getting remarried – and she also has a second big surprise – her new husband John (Duffy) is young enough to be her son. Although Margret has found new love in her life, the family is in a ruckus. Her children want to help their mother celebrate her new marriage, but instead find themselves wildly uncomfortable with their future stepfather and, as the big day approaches, Margret learns that her first chance at a second start may be her children's last straw.

Cast
Rue McClanahan - Margret Becker
Kristy McNichol - Mary
Jack Coleman - Dennis Becker
Anne Bobby - Anne
Conor O'Farrell - Andrew Becker
Patrick Duffy - John Hix
Beverley Mitchell - Jersey Becker
 Casey Wallace - Amy Becker

References

External links

1990 television films
1990 films
1990 drama films
1990s English-language films
CBS network films
Films about weddings
American drama television films
1990s American films


"Southern Freeez" produced by John Rocca was the first single released by British dance band Freeez from their debut album, also entitled Southern Freeez. The album was self-funded by member John Rocca and initially released on his Pink Rhythm record label before the group was signed to Beggars Banquet.

Song information
Freeez gained far higher recognition and sales with this record than with the previous singles "Keep in Touch" (which reached number 49 in the UK sales charts) and its follow-up "Stay"/"Hot Footing It". "Southern Freeez" reached number one in the blues and soul chart and spent two weeks at number 8 of the UK Singles Chart during early 1981

Guest Ingrid Mansfield Allman provided vocals. The titular Southern Freeez is attested to derive from a dance move, "The Freeze," used by clubbers in the "Royalty" club, Southgate in the early 1980s. A then-popular song, "The Groove" by Rodney Franklin, has moments where the band drops out for a bar, and a style of freezing movement at these points took hold.

Remix

In 1987, the song was remixed and re-released by the label Total Control. The remix reached number No. 63 in the UK Singles Chart.

Cover versions
UK soul singer Beverley Knight covered "Southern Freeez" for her 2011 album Soul UK. A cover also appeared on the album Brasil Bam Bam Bam (2014) by Sonzeira, a band formed by Gilles Peterson with Emanuelle Araujo and Valerie Etienne on vocals.

Track listing

UK single (1981 version)
 "Southern Freeez" - 5:40
 "Southern Freeez (LP Version)"

UK single (1987 version)
 "Southern Freeez (Dance Mix)"
 "Southern Freeez (Avenger Mix)"
 "Southern Freeez (7" Edit)"

Charts

1981

1987

Credits

Production
John Rocca

Musicians
John Rocca (percussion, vocals)
Peter Maas (bass)
Andy Stennet (keyboards)
Paul Morgan (drums)
Gordon Sullivan (electric guitar)
Ingrid Mansfield Allman (vocals)

Song
Written by John Rocca, Peter Maas and Andrew Stennett

See also
Freeez discography
List of post-disco artists and songs

References

External links
 Freeez [ on] AMG.com
 Biography about Freeez

1981 singles
Freeez songs
Post-disco songs
Funk songs
1981 songs
Beggars Banquet Records singles


Senavati (pronounced sēnāvati) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 7th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Senāgrani in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 1st rāgam in the 2nd chakra Netra. The mnemonic name is Netra-Pa. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gi ma pa dha na. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:

The swaras in this rāgam are shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and shuddha nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Gavambhodi, which is the 43rd melakarta scale..

Asampurna Melakarta
Senāgrani is the 7th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the ascending scale and descending scales are with vakra prayoga (zig-zag order in usage of notes).
:
:

Janya rāgams
Senavati has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for rāgams associated with Senavati.

Compositions
Jalamela Raghupathe by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna is set to Senavati raga.
Gnanambike palayamam by Muthuswami Dikshitar is set to Senāgrani raga.

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Senavati's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 melakarta rāgams, namely, Latangi and Sooryakantam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Sooryakantam.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


The 906th Air Refueling Squadron  is an active United States Air Force unit.  It is an active associate squadron and part of the 375th Air Mobility Wing at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois.

The squadron was first activated in United States military buildup just before World War II as the 16th Reconnaissance Squadron.  After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron participated in the Antisubmarine Campaign of the American Theater of Operations.  As the 406th Bombardment Squadron it also served in the Aleutian Islands Campaign of the Pacific Theater of Operations and several campaigns in the European Theater of Operations.  The squadron was unusual in that it received campaign credit in three different theaters of operation.

The 906th Air Refueling Squadron was activated as part of Strategic Air Command's nuclear deterrent force.  It maintained aircraft on alert throughout the Cold War.  The squadron deployed aircrews and aircraft to support combat operations in Southeast Asia from the mid 1960s through the early 1970s.  It also supported numerous contingency operations from its bases in the northern United States and forward operating locations until moving to Scott in 2009 and becoming an active associate unit of the Illinois Air National Guard.

Mission
The 906th operates the Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker aircraft conducting air refueling missions.  It is an active associate unit and the airmen of the 906th operate and maintain the aircraft of the 126th Air Refueling Wing and fly with the 108th Air Refueling Squadron of the Illinois Air National Guard.

History

World War II
The first predecessor of the 906th Air Refueling Squadron was established as the 16th Reconnaissance Squadron.  It was assigned to the 3d Bombardment Wing, but was under the operational control of the 42d Bombardment Group, to which it was assigned the following year.  Since a reorganization of General Headquarters Air Force in September 1936, each bombardment group of the Army Air Forces (AAF) had an attached reconnaissance squadron, which operated the same aircraft as that group's assigned bombardment squadrons.  That arrangement continued for units like the 39th that were designated as medium bombardment units.  The squadron drew its cadre from the 88th Reconnaissance Squadron and was equipped with a mixture of Douglas B-18 Bolos, Lockheed A-29 Hudsons, and a few Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the squadron flew antisubmarine patrols over the Pacific until early May 1942.

Aleutian Campaign

Following Pearl Harbor, military planning called for Alaska to be defended by units based in the Zone of the Interior, which would deploy only their air echelons, which would move forward to Alaska as they were needed.  The 42d Bombardment Group was tabbed as one of the units to deploy combat elements to Alaska. The Japanese invasion of the Aleutian Islands showed that permanent units were necessary for Alaskan defense. However, because of other demands, only the 406th and the 77th Bombardment Squadrons of the group deployed to Alaska, where they were attached to the 28th Composite Group. The squadron continued antisubmarine operations in the Gulf of Alaska and detachments of the squadron flew combat missions during the Aleutian Campaign from forward bases on Adak and Amchitka with North American B-25 Mitchells, attacking enemy targets on Dutch Harbor that helped force the withdrawal of enemy ships and on Kiska until the Japanese withdrew from the island. The squadron returned to the Continental United States in late 1943 and was briefly assigned to Fourth Air Force.

Combat in Europe

The squadron moved on paper to the European Theater of Operations in November where it was organized from crews and aircraft formerly assigned to the 479th Antisubmarine Group.  The 406th received its cadre at RAF Alconbury from the ground echelon of the 4th Antisubmarine Squadron and the air echelon of the 22d Antisubmarine Squadron, which had been disbanded at RAF Podington. The squadron was equipped with modified B-24Ds that had been stripped of armament except for the tail turret. The aircraft were painted gloss black overall and the openings left by the removal of the gun turrets from their bellies were used by agents being dropped by parachute. In addition, plexiglass bubbles were added to the cockpit side windows to improve visibility for the pilots.

The unit flew its first Carpetbagger mission to drop supplies to members of the Resistance in Occupied Europe under the guidance of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in early January. In April the squadron moved to RAF Harrington, which was near RAF Tempsford, where the RAF was engaged in similar activities. Carpetbagger missions also began to include the infiltration of agents with most missions flown over occupied France and the low countries.  In August 1944 the squadron transferred its personnel and equipment to the 858th Bombardment Squadron of the 492d Bombardment Group, which assumed the Carpetbagger mission.

When the 492d took over the Carpetbagger mission, its 858th Bombardment Squadron, which was engaged in psychological warfare against Nazi Germany, joined it at RAF Harrington. The 406th moved on paper to RAF Cheddington and took over the dozen Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses of the 858th. These aircraft used laminated paper leaflet bombs that burst at one to two thousand feet above the ground and could accurately deliver 80,000 leaflets. As the squadron assumed its new mission in August 1944, the pace of missions accelerated to about eight per night.  Squadron strength expanded to 24 aircraft and the B-17s were replaced by B-24s by the end of the year. The squadron flew these missions over France, Germany, Norway and the low countries.  After the surrender of Germany in May 1945, the squadron continued flying missions for the Office of Strategic Services. Just under two billion leaflets were delivered by the night leaflet unit.

In July 1945, the unit returned to the United States, where it was redesignated as a very heavy bombardment squadron.  The war in the Pacific Theater ended and the squadron was inactivated in October 1945.

Strategic Air Command

In 1959 the Air Force assigned the 906th Air Refueling Squadron to Strategic Air Command (SAC), which organized it at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota in June, where it was assigned to the 4136th Strategic Wing. The 4136th wing was established by SAC in a program to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. The squadron received its first Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker on 23 September 1959 and was judged to be combat ready on 31 October. Starting in 1960, one third of the squadron's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.  This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962. The 4136th (and later the 450th and 5th wings) continued to maintain an alert commitment until the end of the Cold War.  The 906th refueled B-52s participating in Operation Chrome Dome, the airborne component of SAC's alert force, until Chrome Dome was terminated in 1968.  The squadron's ground alert commitment was increased in the fall of 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when all available aircraft assumed an alert status.

In February 1963, The 450th Bombardment Wing assumed the aircraft, personnel and equipment of the discontinued 4136th wing. The 4136th was a Major Command controlled (MAJCON) wing, which could not carry a permanent history or lineage, and SAC wanted to replace it with a permanent unit.   The 906th was assigned to the newly activated 450th wing. In 1966 the squadron was awarded the Saunders Trophy for outstanding refueling operations.

In 1962, SAC organized four Post-Attack Command and Control System (PACCS) squadrons and equipped them with Boeing EB-47 Stratojets.  The establishment of Boeing EC-135 airborne command post aircraft at SAC headquarters and at each of its Numbered Air Forces resulted in the inactivation of the less capable B-47 units by 1965.  The communications relay mission of the B-47 units was assumed by the 906th and 28th Air Refueling Squadrons, which received a variety of EC-135s for this mission.  By the mid-1960s, improved accuracy of Soviet ballistic missiles made underground Minuteman missile launch control centers more vulnerable, so the Airborne Launch Control System (ALCS) was created to provide a survivable launch capability. The ALCS was eventually installed aboard all PACCS aircraft assigned to the 906th.  Launch crews came from the 91st Strategic Missile Wing.  In April 1970, the squadron's ALCS aircraft were transferred to the new 4th Airborne Command and Control Squadron at Ellsworth Air Force Base.

The squadron deployed aircrews and aircraft to support the Spanish, Great Lakes and Alaskan Tanker Task Forces. It engaged in worldwide operations supporting combat operations in Southeast Asia from 1968 through 1975 through participation in Operation Young Tiger and support for Operation Arc Light. Afterwards it continued to support forward based tanker task forces. Due to normally supporting the European Tanker Task Force (ETTF) and Pacific Tanker Task Force (PTTF) simultaneously along with home operations, it adopted the slogan "The sun never sets on the 906th". It supported combat operations in Southwest Asia from 1990 through 1991.

Air Mobility Command
In 1992 the air force reorganized its major commands.  As a result, the 906th's parent 5th Operations Group was reassigned to Air Combat Command as a bomber unit, while the 906th became an element of Air Mobility Command (AMC) and was assigned as a geographically separated unit to the 43d Operations Group at Malmstrom Air Force Base.  During this time, the squadron included not just the normal operations personnel, but also maintenance and other support personnel. For 1992 and 1993, the squadron maintainers were recognized as the Best AMU (Aircraft Maintenance Unit) in all of AMC. In December of 1992, they received a no-notice tasking to deploy to Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal, and departed organically (no other airlift support) within 24 hours. At Lajes they were the lead unit along with KC-135As from K.I. Sawyer AFB, MI. They were part of Operation Restore Hope supporting humanitarian efforts in Somalia, enabling US-based airlifters to deliver supplies more efficiently. During 1993, they converted operations from the KC-135A to the KC-135R. From January to March 1994, they deployed to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in support of Operation Southern Watch. While deployed, the squadron flag was reassigned and they became Detachment 1, 43d Operations Group until transfer of all personnel  and aircraft out of Minot later in 1994. The squadron was assigned to the 319th Air Refueling Wing one of three "super tanker wings" at Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, where it became the second of four tanker squadrons assigned to the wing's 319th Operations Group.

Under AMC control, the unit supported Operation Deny Flight, the United Nations no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994 and 1995 from Pisa Airport, Italy and Istres Air Base, France. It supported Operation Uphold Democracy, the United Nations action to remove the military junta and restore the elected president of Haiti in 1995.  In 1996 the squadron deployed planes and crews to Riyadh Air Base, Saudi Arabia for Operation Southern Watch, the Southwest Asia Task Force operation to monitor and control airspace in southern Iraq. It also deployed for the sister operation patrolling northern Iraq, Operation Northern Watch.

For three months in the summer of 2000, the squadron was forced to operate from MacDill Air Force Base, Florida as the Grand Forks runways underwent a nine million dollar renovation.  For the first time in ten years, following the 9/11 attacks, the squadron once again placed aircraft on alert as part of Operation Noble Eagle and also began support for Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.  Toward the end of the following year, the squadron began to deploy forward in what became Operation Iraqi Freedom, the war in Iraq.

AMC began to prepare for the end of air refueling operations at Grand Forks in preparation for the arrival of Global Hawk unmanned aircraft. As a result, it began to inactivate or transfer the tanker squadrons stationed there.  On 2 October 2009 the 906th moved without personnel or equipment from Grand Forks Air Force Base to Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, where it was assigned to the 375th Air Mobility Wing as an active associate unit with the 126th Air Refueling Wing of the Illinois Air National Guard. The 375th maintains administrative control of the squadron, while the 126th has operational control.  The airmen of the 906th operate and maintain the aircraft of the 126th wing's 108th Air Refueling Squadron.

Lineage
406th Bombardment Squadron
 Constituted as the 16th Reconnaissance Squadron (Medium) on 20 November 1940
 Activated on 15 January 1941
 Redesignated 406th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 22 April 1942
 Redesignated 406th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 1 June 1943
 Redesignated 406th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 2 November 1943
 Redesignated 406th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943
 Redesignated 406th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 5 August 1945
 Inactivated on 17 October 1945
 Consolidated with the 906th Air Refueling Squadron on 19 September 1985 as the 906th Air Refueling Squadron

906th Air Refueling Squadron
 Constituted as the 906th Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy on 9 March 1959
 Activated on 1 June 1959
 Consolidated with the 406th Bombardment Squadron on 19 September 1985
 Redesignated 906th Air Refueling Squadron on 1 September 1991

Assignments
 3d Bombardment Wing, 15 January 1941 (attached to 42d Bombardment Group)
 42d Bombardment Group, 25 February 1942 (attached to 28th Composite Group after c. 6 June 1942)
 41st Bombardment Group, 12 February 1943 (remained attached to 28th Composite Group)
 Fourth Air Force, 11 October 1943
 Eighth Air Force, 2 November 1943
 1st Bombardment Division, 21 November 1943 (attached to 482d Bombardment Group, 4 December 1943 – 21 February 1944)
 VIII Air Force Composite Command, 26 February 1944 (attached to 328th Service Group 27 February 1944 – 28 March 1944, then to 801st Bombardment Group (Provisional), until 5 August 1944)
 VIII Fighter Command, 1 October 1944
 1st Air Division, 30 December 1944
 492d Bombardment Group, 5 August 1945 – 17 October 1945
 4136th Strategic Wing, 1 June 1959
 450th Bombardment Wing, 1 February 1963
 5th Bombardment Wing, 25 July 1968
 5th Operations Group, 1 September 1991
 43d Operations Group, 1 June 1992
 319th Operations Group, 30 January 1994
 375th Operations Group, 2 October 2009 – Present

Stations

 Fort Douglas, Utah, 15 January 1941
 Gowen Field, Idaho, 4 June 1941
 Air echelon operated from Paine Field, Washington, from 8 December 1941
 Paine Field, Washington, 21 January 1942
 Portland Army Air Base, Oregon, 20 July 1942 – 1 November 1942
 Air echelon operated from Elmendorf Field, Alaska Territory, from 7 June 1942
 Elmendorf Field, Alaska Territory, 15 November 1942 – 18 October 1943
 Operated from Adak Army Air Field, Aleutians, Alaska Territory 25 July 1943
 Operated from Amchitka Army Airfield, Metlakatla, Annette Island, Alaska Territory, 13 August – c. October 1943

 Portland Army Air Base, Oregon, 23 October 1943 – 2 November 1943
 RAF Alconbury (Station 102), England, 11 November 1943
 RAF Watton (Station 376), England, 7 February 1944
 RAF Harrington (Station 113), England, 1 April 1944
 RAF Cheddington (Station 113), England, 10 August 1944
 RAF Harrington, England (Station 179), 16 March 1945 – 6 August 1945
 Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, 14 August 1945
 Kirtland Field, New Mexico, 17 August 1945 – 17 October 1945
 Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota, 1 June 1959
 Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, 30 January 1994
 Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, 1 October 2009 – present

Aircraft

 Douglas B-18 Bolo (1941–1943)
 Martin B-26 Marauder (1941–1942)
 Lockheed A-29 Hudson (1942–1943)
 North American B-25 Mitchell (1943)

 Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1943–1945)
 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress (1944–1945)
 Boeing KC-135A Stratotanker (1959–1993)
 Boeing EC-135 (c. 1966–1970)
 Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker (1993–present)

Awards and campaigns

See also

 List of United States Air Force air refueling squadrons
 List of Martin B-26 Marauder operators
 B-17 Flying Fortress units of the United States Army Air Forces
 B-24 Liberator units of the United States Army Air Forces

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

Air refueling squadrons of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1959
Units and formations of Strategic Air Command
1941 establishments in Utah


Andrew Carter (born 13 December 1939) is an English composer, conductor and arranger.

Biography
Andrew Carter was born in Leicester on 13 December 1939. He studied music at the University of Leeds before moving to York and joining the choir at York Minster as a bass. Whilst there, in 1965 he founded the Chapter House Choir, a mixed voice ensemble that achieved national renown under his direction of seventeen years. After spending a year conducting and adjudicating in New Zealand (1984), he returned to England to focus on composition.

Oxford University Press have published more than fifty of his compositions over a period of association spanning twenty-five years. The famous Nine Lessons and Carols service broadcast annually on the BBC by the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, has included several of his carols, including A maiden most gentle and Mary's Magnificat.

A notable moment in Carter's musical career was a commission in 1997 to write a mass (Missa Sancti Pauli) for the tercentenary celebration of St Paul's Cathedral in London.  In 2007, he composed a 22-variation Passacaglia for organ to mark the 90th birthday of the former York Minster organist Francis Jackson.

He travels extensively in Europe and Australia and New Zealand as a choral director.

Compositions

Choral works
A maiden most gentle
An Affirmation
Mary's Magnificat
Christ is the morning star
Benedicite
Te Deum
Musick's Jubilee
Horizons
Song of Stillness
Laudate Dominum
The Southwell Service
Missa Sancti Pauli
The Light of the World
Hodie Christus natus est
Rejoice in the Lord alway (2001)
O mistress mine (2005)

Organ works
Organ Concerto (2005)
Toccata on Veni Emmanuel
Passacaglia (2007)

Other works
Three Nonsensical Songs for upper voices and orchestra
A Little Suite for Heather for Treble Recorder and Piano (Forsyth Publishing)

References

External links
Andrew Carter's homepage
Andrew Carter at Guild Music
Andrew Carter at OUP

English composers
English conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
Living people
1939 births
21st-century British conductors (music)
21st-century British male musicians
Alumni of the University of Leeds


ECML PKDD, the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, is one of the leading academic conferences on machine learning and knowledge discovery, held in Europe every year.

History
ECML PKDD is a merger of two European conferences, European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML) and European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD). ECML and PKDD have been co-located since 2001; however, both ECML and PKDD retained their own identity until 2007. For example, the 2007 conference was known as "the 18th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML) and the 11th European Conference
on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD)", or in brief, "ECML/PKDD 2007", and both ECML and PKDD had their own conference proceedings. In 2008 the conferences were merged into one conference, and the division into traditional ECML topics and traditional PKDD topics was removed.

The history of ECML dates back to 1986, when the European Working Session on Learning was first held. In 1993 the name of the conference was changed to European Conference on Machine Learning.

PKDD was first organised in 1997. Originally PKDD stood for the European Symposium on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery from Databases. The name European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases was used since 1999.

Upcoming conferences

List of past conferences

References

External links

 ECML proceedings information in DBLP.
 PKDD proceedings information in DBLP.

Artificial intelligence conferences


The 16th Electronic Warfare Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 350th Spectrum Warfare Group at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. It was formed in 1985 by the consolidation of three units.

The 16th Aero Squadron, a World War I squadron that provided maintenance support for aeronautical units on the Western Front.

The 16th Reconnaissance Squadron, which served during the years between the World Wars as an observation squadron, with its flights located with various Army schools.  During World War II, the squadron served in the Mediterranean, where it was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for its performance from October 1943 to January 1944.

The 16th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, which served as a long range photographic unit during the early years of the Cold War.

Mission
The 16th Electronic Warfare Squadron (EWS) provides electronic warfare test facilities for mission data and electronic warfare systems test and evaluation. Its personnel assess the maintainability, reliability, suitability, and readiness of electronic warfare systems and support equipment, and perform test and evaluation of new concepts for electronic warfare systems. They also monitor developmental testing conducted by acquisition agencies.  The 16th EWS develops, fabricates and maintains test instrumentation and performs acceptance tests of all new electronic warfare related hardware and software and supports training for maintenance and operational units worldwide. The squadron also provides technicians and equipment to execute the COMBAT SHIELD Electronic Warfare Assessment Program.  The 16th EWS has more than $450 million in assets, including eight system integration laboratories and five mobile test facilities.

Detachment 1 of the 16 EWS is located at Tyndall AFB, Florida and provides maintenance support for adversary electronic attack training pods used for air-to-air electronic warfare training.  These pods are repaired and modified at Tyndall AFB and shipped to fighter units worldwide. Det 1, 16 EWS also maintains electronic attack payloads for full-scale and subscale drones in support of live-fire missile testing under the COMBAT ARCHER Weapon System Evaluation Program.

History
The squadron was originally established as an Air Service flying training unit in May 1917, conducting flying training for air cadets in the Midwest throughout the summer.  It deployed to France in January 1918, becoming an aircraft maintenance organization in rear areas of the Western Front.  It remained in France until May 1919 when squadron returned to the United States and demobilized.

The 16th Squadron was established in 1921 as an observation squadron, attached to Army ground units throughout the 1920s and 1930s.  It was consolidated with its predecessor in 1924.  The 16th carried mail and performed fire observation duties, included carrying mail to President Calvin Coolidge vacationing in South Dakota and Wisconsin in August and September 1927, and June to September 1928.

After the Attack on Pearl Harbor the squadron was reassigned to antisubmarine duties along the southeast coast in late 1941, early 1942.   It deployed to the European Theater of Operations, where it was attached to the Royal Air Force reconnaissance school at RAF Wattisham, England in late 1942.  While in England, the air echelon received modern Lockheed P-38 long-range photo-reconnaissance aircraft and joined the ground personnel in French Morocco shortly after the Operation Torch invasion in November 1942.

The squadron was assigned to Twelfth Air Force and engaged in long range intelligence gathering and aerial mapping of Algeria and Tunisia, supporting the United States Fifth Army during the North African and Tunisian Campaigns.  After the retreat of Axis forces from Tunisia in mid-1942, performed antisubmarine patrols over the Mediterranean Sea and also functioned as in in-theater training unit for aerial reconnaissance pilots.

Beginning in September 1943, the squadron received specially-equipped B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers equipped with radar detection and electronic countermeasures (ECM) equipment. It performed ECM overflights of enemy territory in advance of Fifteenth Air Force heavy bomber formations, jamming enemy Radar and generating false returns to confuse defensive forces.  It also continued to fly long range reconnaissance with B-25 Mitchell medium bombers fitted with aerial cameras..  The Squadron returned to the United States in November 1944 as the need for the unit dissipated as enemy forces were driven out of the Mediterranean Theater of Operations.  It was inactivated in April 1945.

The 16th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron served with Strategic Air Command as a long-range reconnaissance unit early in the Cold War.  Its mission was absorbed by the 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Wing in 1949.  In 1985, it was consolidated with its predecessors, but remained inactive until 1993, when it assumed its present mission.

Lineage
16th Aero Squadron
 Organized as 3d Aviation School Squadron on 9 May 1917
 Redesignated 16th Aero Squadron (Construction) on 31 Aug 1917
 Redesignated 16th Aero Squadron (Repair) 1918
 Demobilized on 22 May 1919
 Reconstituted and consolidated with 16th Observation Squadron as 16th Observation Squadron on 8 April 1924

16th Reconnaissance Squadron
 Authorized as 16th Squadron (Observation) on 30 August 1921
 Organized on 7 December 1921
 Redesignated 16th Observation Squadron (Corps and Army) on 25 January 1923
 Consolidated with 16th Aero Squadron on 8 April 1924
 Inactivated on 15 March 1931
 Flights remained active and were assigned to the 14th Observation Group:
 A Flight at Langley Field, Virginia (attached to Air Corps Tactical School)
 B Flight at Lawson Field, Georgia (attached to Infantry School)
 C Flight at Pope Field, North Carolina (attached to 13th Field Artillery Brigade)
 D Flight at Marshall Field, Kansas (attached to Command and General Staff School)
 E Flight at Post Field, Oklahoma (attached to Field Artillery School)
 Activated on 1 Jun 1937
 Redesignated 16th Observation Squadron (Medium) on 13 Jan 1942
 Redesignated 16th Observation Squadron on 4 Jul 1942
 Redesignated 16th Reconnaissance Squadron (Bomber) on 31 May 1943
 Redesignated 16th Reconnaissance Squadron, Heavy (Special) on 12 May 1944
 Disbanded on 12 Apr 1945
 Reconstituted on 19 September 1985 and consolidated with 16th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron as 16th Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron

16th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron
 Constituted as 16th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron (Special) 1947
 Activated on 16 December 1947
 Inactivated on 1 June 1949
 Consolidated on 19 September 1985 with 16th Reconnaissance Squadron as 16th Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron

16th Electronic Warfare Squadron
 Formed on 19 September 1985 by consolidation of 16th Reconnaissance Squadron and 16th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron
 Redesignated 16th Test Squadron
 Activated on 15 April 1993.
 Redesignated 16th Electronic Warfare Squadron 13 September 1999

Assignments

 Unknown, 9 May 1917 – Jan 1918
 Second Aviation Instruction Center, Jan 1918 – Feb 1919; Feb-22 May 1919
 Seventh Corps Area (attached to Cavalry School), 7 December 1921
 7th Division, 24 March 1923 (remained attached to Cavalry School)
 2nd Cavalry Division, 15 August 1927 (remained attached to Cavalry School)
 12th Observation Group (remained attached to Cavalry School), 1 October 1930 – 15 March 1931
 Fourth Corps Area, 1 June 1937 (B Flight attached, later assigned, to Infantry School until 20 November 1940)
 44th Observation Group, 17 June 1937
 32d Observation Group, 1 January 1938
 Armored Force, 3 October 1940 (attached to 2nd Armored Division after 15 November 1940)
 73d Observation Group, 1 September 1941 (attached to 68th Observation Group from Feb 1942)
 HQ Army Air Forces, 12 March 1942
 68th Observation Group (later Reconnaissance Group, Tactical Reconnaissance Group), 29 March 1942 (attached to XII Air Force Service Command, 25 September 1943; Twelfth Air Force, 1 Jan 1944; Fifteenth Air Force, 18 Feb 1944; Army Air Forces, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 27 March 1944; Northwest African Air Forces, 20 September 1943; Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, 10 December 1943; Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 1 January 1944 – 26 May 1944
 Army Air Forces, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 26 May 1944
 Hq, Army Air Forces, 3 November 1944 – 12 April 1945 (attached to 311th Photographic Wing after 21 November 1944)
 311th Reconnaissance Wing (later 311th Air Division), 16 December 1947 – 1 June 1949 (attached to 91st Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, 10 November 1948 – 1 June 1949)
 68th Electronic Warfare Group, 15 April 1993
 53d Electronic Warfare Group, 10 November 1998
 350th Spectrum Warfare Group, 25 June 2021 – present

Stations

 Memphis Airdrome, Tennessee, 9 May 1917
 Chicago Air Park, Illinois, 20 May 1917
 Chanute Field, Illinois, c. 12 Jul 1917
 Garden City, New York, New York, 4 Nov-4 Dec 1917
 St Maixent, France, a Jan 1918
 Tours, France, 24 Jan 1918
 St Gervais, Gironde, France, c. 12 Feb 1919
 Bordeaux, France, 17–23 Apr 1919
 Mitchel Field, New York, c. 7–22 May 1919
 Fort Riley, Kansas, 7 Dec 1921 – 15 Mar 1931
 Detachment operated between: North Platte Airport, Nebraska, and Rapid City Airfield, South Dakota, 1 Aug–Sep 1927
 Detachment operated between: Chicago Municipal Airport, Illinois, and Superior Airport, Wisconsin, Jun-14 Sep 1928
 Pope Field, North Carolina (flight at Lawson Field, Georgia), 1 Jun 1937
 Lawson Field, Georgia, 24 Oct 1940
 Daniel Field, Georgia, 9 Feb 1942
 Greensboro Airport, North Carolina, 7 Jul 1942

 Morris Field, North Carolina, 15 Aug 1942
 Langley Field, Virginia, 3–23 Oct 1942
 Detachment at RAF Wattisham (AAF-377), England, c. 5–21 Oct 1942
 Fedala, French Morocco, 9 Nov 1942 (Ground echelon)
 Casablanca-Anfa Airport, French Morocco, 12 Nov 1942
 Angads Airport, Oujda, French Morocco, 30 Dec 1942
 Berrechid Airfield, French Morocco, 24 Mar 1943
 Berteaux Airfield, Algeria, 6 Sep 1943
 Foch Field, Tunisia, 26 Sep 1943
 Detachments operated intermittently from several points in Italy and adjacent islands during period Oct 1943 – Mar 1944
 Operated primarily from Foggia Airfield, Italy, after 28 Mar 1944
 Foggia Airfield, Italy, 3 May-30 Oct 1944
 Detachment operated from Poretta Airfield, Corsica, until Sep 1944
 Bradley Field, Connecticut, 20 Nov 1944
 Buckley Field, Colorado, 1 Dec 1944 – 12 Apr 1945
 MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, 16 December 1947
 McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, 16 August 1948 – 1 June 1949
 Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, 15 April 1993 – present

Aircraft
 JN-4, 1917
 DH-4, c. 1922–1926,
 O–2, 1926-1930
 JNS-1, O-1, and apparently JN-4 and JN-6, 1921–1930
 O-25, 1930–1931
 O-46, 1937-C. 1939, O-47, 1938–1942, and O-49, 1941–1942
 YG-1, and O-43, 1937–1940
 O-51 and O-9, 1940–1941
 DB-7, L-4, P-40, and P-43, 1942
 A-20 and P-39, 1942–1943
 P-38, P-39, P-40, and Spitfire, 1943
 B-17, 1943–1944
 B-25, 1945

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Citations

Bibliography

016


André Cordeiro (born 15 March 1974) is a retired freestyle swimmer from Brazil. He competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States.

Participating in the 1995 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) held in Rio de Janeiro, Cordeiro won the gold medal in the 4×100-metre freestyle, along with Gustavo Borges, Fernando Scherer and Alexandre Massura, with 3m12s42 time.

In the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Cordeiro qualified to the 4×100-metre freestyle final, finishing 4th.

He was at the 1999 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Hong Kong, swimming the 200-metre freestyle proof.

André was in 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, where he earned a gold medal in the 4×100-metre freestyle, and a silver medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle. In the 4×100-metre freestyle, Cordeiro broke the South American record, with a time of 3:17.18, along with Gustavo Borges, Fernando Scherer and César Quintaes. In the 4×200-metre freestyle, he broke the South American record, with a time of 7:22.92, along with Gustavo Borges, Rodrigo Castro and Leonardo Costa.

In the 2002 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Moscow, Cordeiro reached the 4×200-metre freestyle final, finishing in 4th place, and was also in the 4×100-metre freestyle final, finishing in 5th place.

He swam at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, where he finished 4th in the 4×100-metre freestyle, 5th in the 4×200-metre freestyle, 5th in the 4×100-metre medley, 13th in the 100-metre freestyle, and 15th in the 50-metre freestyle.

After retiring from professional swimming, became coach of Minas Tênis Clube. He was part of the technical commission of the Brazilian team at the Junior World Championships in Monterrey-2008.

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Brazilian male freestyle swimmers
Sportspeople from Belo Horizonte
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1999 Pan American Games
Olympic swimmers for Brazil
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
21st-century Brazilian people
20th-century Brazilian people


Kokilapriya (The one dear to the koel) is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 11th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. The 11th rāgam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music is called Kokilāravam.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 5th rāgam in the 2nd chakra Netra. The mnemonic name is Netra-Ma. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gi ma pa dha na. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:
(this scale uses the notes shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Suvarnangi, which is the 47th melakarta.

Asampurna Melakarta
Kokilāravam is the 11th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the scales are vakra (zig-zag in phrases of the scale). It is an shadava-sampurna raga (6 notes in ascending scale, while full 7 are used in descending scale).
:
:

Janya rāgams
Kokilapriya has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with this scale.

Compositions
Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Kokilapriya.

Dasarathe Dayasaradhe by Thyagaraja
Vadamela Radha Manohara by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Neeke abhimanamu by Mysore Vasudevachar
kOdanDarAmam anisham in Kokilāravam by Muthuswami Dikshitar
male nin, by S Ramanathan

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Kokilapriya's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields Rishabhapriya melakarta rāgam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Kokilapriya.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


Donald Renie Martin (born August 30, 1955) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher.

Early career
Born in Dover, Delaware, Martin played for Dover High School and later attended the University of Richmond. Martin was drafted twice, by the San Francisco Giants in 1976 and by the Kansas City Royals in 1977 to play for the Gulf Coast Royals farm team in Sarasota, Florida. He later played for the Daytona Beach Islanders, Jacksonville Suns, Fort Myers Royals, Omaha Royals, and in Phoenix Suns.

Major League career
He was called to the majors in 1979 and appeared in 25 games in relief in his rookie year. He finished the year with an ERA of 5.19 with five saves. The next year, the Royals gave him a chance to start. He started twenty games, going 10-10 with a 4.39 ERA. He did have two saves that year, also. In 1981, he had arguably his best year, pitching exclusively in relief, but achieving a 2.77 ERA in 29 games. However, the Royals traded him to the San Francisco Giants with Craig Chamberlain, Atlee Hammaker, and Brad Wellman for Vida Blue and Bob Tufts.

Martin spent most of his first year with the Giants as primarily a starter (7-10, 4.65 ERA). They moved him to the bullpen the next year, and he spent most of the next two years as a relief pitcher before the Giants traded him to the Philadelphia Phillies at the end of August 1984 with Al Oliver for Kelly Downs and George Riley. He continued his role as a reliever with the Phillies until they released him after the 1984 season. The Royals re-signed him in 1985, but he never pitched in the Majors again.

Martin did have some postseason experience. He appeared in three games in the 1980 World Series for the Royals, appearing in three games, recording 9 IP, allowing three earned runs. He also appeared in the special Division Series after the strike-shortened 1981 season for the Royals. In that series, he threw 5 innings allowing only one hit.

Senior baseball
Martin was a member of the Florida Tropics in the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1990. He finished the season 1-2 with an ERA of 4.44.

Awards and honors
In 1995, the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame inducted Martins in Wilmington, Delaware.

References

External links
, or Baseball Almanac, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota

 Renie Martin at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

1955 births
Living people
Baseball players from Delaware
Daytona Beach Islanders players
Fort Myers Royals players
Gulf Coast Royals players
Jacksonville Suns players
Kansas City Royals players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Omaha Royals players
People from Dover, Delaware
Philadelphia Phillies players
Phoenix Giants players
Richmond Spiders baseball players
San Francisco Giants players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
University of Richmond alumni
West Palm Beach Tropics players
Dover High School (Delaware) alumni


The Yavuz class is a group of four frigates that were built for the Turkish Navy. They were designed in Germany and are part of the MEKO family of modular warships, in this case, the MEKO 200 design. An order for ships was signed by the Turkish government in April 1983 for four MEKO frigates. Two ships were built in Germany and two in Turkey with German assistance. They are similar in design to the larger s of the Turkish Navy, which are improved versions of the Yavuz-class frigates.

The Yavuz-class ships are expected to be replaced by the s.

Ships

See also
List of Turkish current frigates
List of Turkish Navy ships

Citations

References
Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. .

External links

Frigate classes
Frigates of Germany


Robert Spade (January 4, 1877 – September 7, 1924) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played four seasons in the major leagues, from  until , for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Browns.

When Spade died in 1924 he was penniless, and fans raised the money to pay for his burial.

Notes

Sources

Major League Baseball pitchers
Cincinnati Reds players
St. Louis Browns players
Youngstown Puddlers players
Macon Brigands players
Akron Rubbernecks players
Atlanta Crackers players
Newark Indians players
Baseball players from Ohio
1877 births
1924 deaths


Daniela Hantuchová was the defending champion, but chose not to participate that year.

Ana Ivanovic won the title, defeating Vera Zvonareva in the final 6–2, 6–1.

Seeds
The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
Draw and Qualifying Draw

Generali Ladies Linz


Masuyite is a uranium/lead oxide mineral with formula Pb[(UO2)3O3(OH)2]·3H2O.

Masuyite was first described in 1947 for an occurrence in Katanga and named to honor Belgian geologist Gustave Masuy (1905–1945).

See also

 Classification of minerals
 List of minerals

References

Uranium(VI) minerals
Lead minerals
Oxide minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 7


Juan Carlos Ferrero was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Fernando Verdasco.

Verdasco won in the final 7–6(7–5), 6–3 against Albert Montañés.

Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.

  Juan Carlos Ferrero (semifinals)
  Feliciano López (second round)
  Ivan Ljubičić (second round)
  Albert Costa (second round)
  David Sánchez (first round)
  Alberto Martín (semifinals)
  David Ferrer (quarterfinals)
  Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo (second round)

Draw

External links
 Singles draw
 Qualifying draw

Singles


Ludwig II (1845–1886) was King of Bavaria from 1864 to 1886.

Ludwig II may also refer to:

People
 Louis the German (806–876), called Ludwig II der Deutsche
 Ludwig II, Count of Württemberg (1137–1181)
 Louis II, Duke of Bavaria (1229–1294)
 Ludwig II, Count of Württemberg-Urach (1439–1457)
 Louis II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg  (1565-1627)

Art and entertainment
 Ludwig II (sculpture), an 1870 sculpture by Elisabet Ney
 Ludwig II (1922 film), a silent Austrian film directed by Otto Kreisler and starring Olaf Fjord as Ludwig
 Ludwig II, King of Bavaria (1929), a late German silent film directed by and starring William Dieterle
 Ludwig II (1955 film), a 1955 West German film
 Ludwig (film), a 1972 film about Ludwig II written and directed by Luchino Visconti and starring Helmut Berger as Ludwig
 Ludwig II (musical) (2000), a German musical
 Ludwig II (manga), a boys love manga depicting a fictionalized story about the king
 Ludwig II (2012 film)

See also
 Louis II (disambiguation)

Human name disambiguation pages


Poppy Harlow (born Katharine Julia Harlow; May 2, 1982) is an American journalist, best known for her reporting at CNN and Forbes.com. She is an anchor of CNN This Morning and is based at CNN's New York news bureau. She was previously co-anchor of CNN Newsroom weekdays from 9 A.M. to 11 A.M., a business correspondent at CNN, CNN International and HLN; an anchor for CNNMoney.com; and a Forbes.com Video Network anchor, reporter and producer.

Early life and education
Harlow was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Her father, attorney James Lee Harlow, died when she was 15. Her mother is Mary Louise Baird. Harlow's nickname “Poppy” is a childhood nickname that stuck.

Harlow graduated from The Blake School, a private co-educational college preparatory school in Minneapolis, in 2001. She then graduated magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, from Columbia University with a bachelor's degree in Political Science and Middle Eastern studies.  She earned a Master of Studies in Law (M.S.L.) degree from Yale Law School in 2022.

Career

After interning at CBS while in college, Harlow continued working for CBS MarketWatch and as an assistant producer for CBS Newspath after graduation. She then became an anchor and reporter for NY1 News' Local Edition. While at NY1, her news beat covered Staten Island and New Jersey, including reports on local politics, the economy and local cultural events.

In September 2007, Harlow was hired by Forbes.com Video Network, where her area of coverage expanded to fashion, entertainment and business topics.

Harlow joined CNN in 2008 and served as the anchor for CNNMoney.com and reported for CNN, CNN International and HLN. She was named a New York-based CNN correspondent in April 2012. She has won the Gracie Award for best online investigative program or feature and SABEW's Best in Business award.

In 2013, while reporting on the conviction of two Steubenville, Ohio, high school football players for the rape of a 16-year-old, Harlow stated that it was "incredibly difficult, even for an outsider like me, to watch what happened as these two young men that had such promising futures, star football players, very good students, literally watched as they believed their lives fell apart ... [Ma'lik Richmond] collapsed [and told his attorney,] 'My life is over. No one is going to want me now.'" This apparent expression of sympathy for the rapists provoked widespread criticism. A petition requesting that CNN apologize on the air for sympathizing with the Steubenville rapists received over 250,000 signatures within two days of CNN's report.

Harlow also fills in for Richard Quest on CNN International.

On December 28, 2015, Harlow passed out briefly while live on the air from the anchor desk. She soon reappeared on air and said she had gotten a little hot and was fine. She later tweeted from the hospital that she and her unborn daughter were well.

Beginning on February 6, 2017, Harlow and Jim Sciutto took over as the new co-anchors of CNN Newsroom from 9 A.M. to 11 A.M. every morning due to Carol Costello's move to HLN.

On September 15, 2022, it was announced that Harlow would co-anchor the new CNN revamped morning show with Don Lemon and Kaitlan Collins later in the year. She would also leave her 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. ET role on CNN Newsroom. On October 12, 2022, it was announced that the morning show would be named CNN This Morning.

Personal life
Harlow is married to Sinisa Babcic. The couple have two children; a daughter born in April 2016 and a son born in February 2018. She was awarded a John Jay Award from her alma mater, Columbia College, in 2022.

References

External links
 Poppy Harlow at CNN.com

1982 births
Living people
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Yale Law School alumni
CNN people
Journalists from New York City
American television reporters and correspondents
People from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area
American broadcast news analysts
American women television journalists
21st-century American women


Heath Ward Lowry (born 23 December 1942) is the Atatürk Professor of Ottoman and Modern Turkish Studies emeritus at Princeton University and Bahçeşehir University. He is an author of books about the history of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey.

David B. MacDonald, of the Political Science department at the University of Guelph in Ontario, has labeled Lowry as one of the key deniers of the Armenian genocide. According to Israeli historian Yair Auron, Justin McCarthy with Heath Lowry, Bernard Lewis's successor in Princeton, leads the list of Armenian genocide deniers.

Career
Lowry spent two years (1964–1966) working as a Peace Corps volunteer in a remote mountain village Bereketli, Balıkesir Province in western Turkey before graduating from Portland State University (1966). In the late '60s, he worked with scholars Speros Vryonis Jr., Andreas Tietze, Gustave von Grunebaum, and Stanford J. Shaw at the University of California Los Angeles, where he received both his master's degree (1970) and Ph.D. (1977).

Lowry was a founding member of the Department of History at the Boğaziçi University in İstanbul, Turkey, and taught there full-time from 1973 until 1980. In 1980, he co-founded The Journal of Ottoman Studies, together with Nejat Göyünç and Halil İnalcık. He also served as the Istanbul Director of the American Research Institute in Turkey from 1972 to 1979.

Lowry then took a position as Senior Research Associate at Harvard University's Dumbarton Oaks Research Library & Collection in Washington, D.C. between 1980 and 1983. There, he co-directed a team of international scholars working on late Byzantine and early Ottoman historical demography. In 1983, with a group of scholars, businessmen, and retired diplomats and a grant from the Turkish government, he helped establish, and became the director of, the Institute of Turkish Studies at Georgetown University, which until its closing in 2020 provided grants to scholars working in the area of Ottoman and Turkish studies. During this time, he began to study contemporary Turkish politics, and taught from 1989 to 1994 at the U.S. State Department's National Foreign Affairs Training Center in Arlington, Virginia, where his students were U.S. diplomats scheduled for assignment in Turkey. He served as Course Chairperson of the Advanced Area Studies Program on Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus.

From 1993 to 2013, Lowry was the Atatürk Professor of Ottoman and Modern Turkish Studies at Princeton University, and served as the director of the Near Eastern Studies program from July 1994 to June 1997. He offered seminars on early Ottoman history and undergraduate lecture courses on Ottoman history and contemporary Turkey. In 1996, Princeton was accused of allowing itself to be used by the Turkish government as a disseminator of propaganda when the university accepted a $750,000 donation from the government of Turkey and subsequently appointed Lowry, who denies the existence of the Turkish Armenian genocide in World War I.

In 2010, Lowry became a visiting professor at Bahçeşehir University in Turkey, where he directs the Center for Ottoman Era Studies. He is currently a professor emeritus at Princeton, and he simultaneously serves as an advisor to the chairman of the Bahçeşehir Board of Trustees.

Academic disputes
In a 44-page long article published in the Journal of Ottoman Studies in 1986 (initially presented as a paper at a conference at MESA), Lowry wrote a review against historian Richard G. Hovannisian for his depiction of a junior American intelligence officer in his second volume on the history of the First Republic of Armenia. Though it only occupied the space of a single footnote in a 603-page book, Lowry thought the alleged mischaracterizations by Hovannisian to be so egregious as to have compromised his scholarly integrity. Lowry took issue with the favorable reviews of the book by other historians such as Firuz Kazemzadeh and Roderic Davison and charged Hovannisian with distorting facts and displaying partiality in his work. In a point-by-point rebuttal published in the same year, Hovannisian expressed surprise at Lowry's outrage and decision to single out the depiction of one individual and use it as the sole basis to discredit his research. He went on to criticize Lowry for exaggerating the scope of minor errors, misinterpreting the sources, and failing to grasp nuances found in the primary source material, which in many cases agreed with what he had originally written.

In 1990, Lowry claimed that Ambassador Morgenthau's Story was a record of "crude half-truths and outright falsehoods". According to Yair Auron, Lowry is recognized as a principal source discrediting Morgenthau, giving "impetus to the Turkish endeavor to deny the Armenian Genocide." Political scientist and Armenian genocide denier Guenter Lewy also shares Lowry's main conclusions about Morgenthau's memoirs. R.J. Rummel notes that Morgenthau's claims are consistent with many other sources of information, such as newsmen, other American diplomats, German diplomats and military personnel, Italian diplomats, other autobiographies, German and Turkish court testimony, Young Turk documents, reports of Turkish officials in the government, and refugees. Rummel concludes that he will "continue to give the Story credence until more neutral studies on it confirm Lowry's claim". According to Thomas de Waal, the evidence in the Ambassador Morgenthau's Story was so damning that some Armenian Genocide deniers, such as Lowry, have tried to disprove it, although much of the book's contents are verified by diplomatic cables and Morgenthau's access to the Ottoman leaders has been corroborated by other sources.

Criticism
David B. MacDonald, of the Political Science department at the University of Guelph in Ontario, has labeled Lowry as one of the key deniers of the Armenian genocide. Samuel Totten and Steven Leonard Jacobs wrote that Lowry "helped to further Turkish propaganda". In 1985, Lowry was involved in organizing 69 academics to sign a letter expressing their opposition to official US recognition of the genocide. Many of these academics had been awarded financial grants by the Institute of Turkish Studies, which was directed by Lowry himself, in order to sign the letter.

Turkish ambassador incident
In 1990, psychologist Robert Jay Lifton received a letter from the Turkish Ambassador to the United States, Nüzhet Kandemir, questioning his inclusion of references to the Armenian genocide in one of his books. The ambassador inadvertently included a draft of a letter written by Lowry advising the ambassador on how to prevent mention of the Armenian genocide in scholarly works. Roger W. Smith, Eric Markusen and Lifton described his actions as a "subversion of scholarship". They also wrote that "Lowry's work contains many questionable assertions and conclusions", asserting that the conclusions "do not follow from his analysis or the evidence he can marshal". It has also been described "further proof of the Institute of Turkish Studies’ and scholars’ collusion with Turkish state interests". Lowry later apologized for writing the letter, saying that he "goofed."

Princeton appointment protests
In 1995, Lifton, Smith, and Markusen published an article criticizing Lowry's behavior in the academic journal Holocaust and Genocide Studies. In February of that year, a group of 100 scholars and writers published a denunciation the Turkish government and Lowry in The Chronicle of Higher Education. The signatories of the document included Alfred Kazin, Norman Mailer, Arthur Miller, Joyce Carol Oates, Susan Sontag, William Styron, David Riesman and John Updike.

The following year, Princeton University was publicly accused of accepting bribes to cater to Turkish propaganda, and multiple scholars protested Lowry's appointment to chair of the department. Peter Balakian, a professor at Colgate University, described Lowry's work as "evil euphemistic evasion," and organized a protest of 200 Armenian-Americans at the Princeton Club in New York City. The Princeton dean of faculty, Amy Gutmann, defended the university's actions by stating that donations do not influence the appointment process.

Awards
Lowry received an honorary doctorate from the Bosphorus University in 1985. In 1986, he was awarded the TÜTAV (Foundation for the Promotion and Recognition of Turkey) Prize. He was made a Corresponding Member of the Turkish Historical Society in 1988. From 2000 to 2001, Lowry was Senior Fulbright Research Scholar at Bilkent University, in Ankara, Turkey.

Works
"Early Ottoman Period," in Metin Heper and Sabri Sayari (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Modern Turkey, London-New York: Routledge, 2012.
In the footsteps of Evliyâ Çelebi, İstanbul: Bahçeşehir University Press, 2012.
Clarence K. Streit's The Unknown Turks: Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Nationalist Ankara & Daily Life in Anatolia (January – March 1921). İstanbul: Bahçeşehir University Press, 2011.
Remembering one's Roots. Mehmed Ali Paşa of Egypt's links to the Macedonian town of Kavala : architectural monuments, inscriptions & document, Istanbul-Kavala: Bahçeşehir University Press/Mohamed Ali Institute, 2011.
The Evrenos Dynasty of Yenice-i Vardar: Notes & Documents. Istanbul: Bahçesehir University Publications, 2010.
"The ‘Soup Muslims’ of the Ottoman Balkans: Was There a ‘Western’ & ‘Eastern’ Ottoman Empire?", Osmanlı Araştırmaları/Journal of Ottoman Studies, XXXVI (2010), pp. 95–131.
In the Footsteps of the Ottomans: A Search for Sacred Spaces & Architectural Monuments in Northern Greece. Istanbul: Bahçesehir University Publications, 2009.
An Ongoing Affair: Turkey & I, 2008. Istanbul & Eden (South Dakota): Çitlembik & Nettleberry, 2008.
Defterology Revisited: Studies on 15th & 16th Century Ottoman Society, Istanbul: The Isis Press, 2008.
The Shaping of the Ottoman Balkans, 1350–1550: Conquest, Settlement & Infrastructural Development of Northern Greece, Istanbul: Baçesehir University Publications, 2008.
The Nature of the Early Ottoman State (SUNY Series in the Social and Economic History of the Middle East). Albany: SUNY Press, 2003.
Ottoman Bursa in Travel Accounts. Bloomington: Indiana University Press (Ottoman and Modern Turkish Studies Publications), 2003.
Fifteenth Century Ottoman Realities: Christian Peasant Life on the Aegean Island of Limnos, Istanbul: Eren Press, 2002.
 Humanist and scholar. Essays in honor of Andreas Tietze, [with: Donald Quataert et al.] Istanbul-Washington, The Isis Press/Institute of Turkish Studies, 1993.
Studies in Defterology: Ottoman Society in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Istanbul, Istanbul: Isis Press, 1992.
The Story Behind ‘Ambassador Morgenthau's Story’, Istanbul (Isis Press), 1990. . Translated into French, German and Turkish.
"The Turkish History: on What Sources Will it be Based? A Case Study on the Burning of Izmir", The Journal of Ottoman Studies, Volume VIII (1989), pp. 1–29.
"Halide Edip Hanim in Ankara: April 2, 1920 – August 16, 1921", I. Uluslarasi Atatürk Sempozyumu, Ankara, 1987, pp. 691–710.
Continuity and Change in Late Byzantine and Early Ottoman Society [with: A. Bryer et al.] Cambridge, MA & Birmingham, England: Dumbarton Oaks & University of Birmingham, 1985.
"Richard G. Hovannisian on Lieutenant Robert Steed Dunn", The Journal of Ottoman Studies, Volume V (1985), pp. 209–252.
"The U.S. Congress and Adolf Hitler on the Armenians" , Political Communication and Persuasion, Volume 3, Number 2 (1985).
"Nineteenth and Twentieth  Century Armenian Terrorism: 'Threads of Continuity'," International Terrorism and the Drug Connection, Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984, pp. 71–83.
"American Observers in Anatolia ca 1920: The Bristol Papers", in Bosphorus University (ed.), Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (1912-1926), Istanbul: Tasvir Press, 1984, pp. 42–58.
The Islamization and Turkification of Trabzon, 1461-1483. Istanbul (Bosphorus University Press), 1981 & 1999.

Notes

External links
Princeton faculty page
Armenian genocide and Turkish studies, by Peter Balakian and Roger Smith, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1 December 1995
Turkish endowment gifts to U.S. colleges spur debate over study of Armenian massacre, The Boston Globe, 24 November 1995

1942 births
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Deniers of the Armenian genocide
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Harvard University staff
Academic staff of Boğaziçi University
Georgetown University faculty
Princeton University faculty
Academic staff of Bahçeşehir University
Scholars of Ottoman history
Living people
American male non-fiction writers


Enigmatic is the fourth album by Czesław Niemen, released in 1970. It has been considered by some to be the best Polish rock album ever. Inspired in 1968 by Wojciech Młynarski, Niemen decided to make his new album with Polish poetry as lyrics. Recorded in 1969, the album became very popular and was awarded with a golden record in 1971 (in Poland, Golden Records were awarded for selling 160,000 album copies). As of 2012, the album has sold in excess of 5 million copies around the world and remains very popular.

In 1974 "Bema pamięci żałobny rapsod" was rerecorded by Niemen in New York and issued by CBS Records International as "Mourner's Rhapsody". The supporting musicians included Michał Urbaniak of the original crew, John Abercrombie and some members of the famous Mahavishnu Orchestra.

In 1977 the "Bema pamięci żałobny rapsod" intro from the 1970 initial issue was bootlegged by the West German rock band Jane as intro for their elegiac album "Between Heaven and Hell" also immediately achieving golden record status.

Track listing
 "Bema pamięci żałobny rapsod" - 16:27 (music Czesław Niemen, lyrics Cyprian Kamil Norwid)
 "Jednego serca" - 7:45 (music Czesław Niemen, lyrics Adam Asnyk)
 "Kwiaty ojczyste" - 7:25 (music Czesław Niemen, lyrics Tadeusz Kubiak)
 "Mów do mnie jeszcze" - 4:40 (music Czesław Niemen, lyrics Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer)

Personnel
Czesław Niemen – vocal, Hammond organ
Zbigniew Namysłowski – alto saxophone
Janusz Zieliński – bass
Tomasz Jaśkiewicz – guitar
Czesław Bartkowski – drums
Zbigniew Sztyc – tenor saxophone
Michał Urbaniak – tenor saxophone, flute
Alibabki – background vocals

References

Czesław Niemen albums
1970 albums
Polish-language albums
Polskie Nagrania Muza albums


The European Alert System (sometimes referred to as the European Alarm System or European Warning System) is an earthquake warning system for member states of the Council of Europe's EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement.

Seismic alerts are provided by the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC), an international, non-governmental, and non-profit association based at the Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (LDG) of the French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique - CEA) in Bruyères-le-Châtel (Essonne, France). Until  1993, the EMSC was based in Strasbourg.

Competence and notification

The EMSC's main area of competence is the following:

west: to the mid-Atlantic ridge, north of 30°N
north :  to the Arctic ocean
east: to the Urals and the regions bordering the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea
south : to the regions bordering the Mediterranean Sea.

The competent region also includes, as far as possible, territories of member states of the EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement which fall outside these boundaries.

The EMSC's Coordination Bureau is responsible for informing the Secretariat of the EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement about any major event in the European-Mediterranean region. It disseminates a notification to the Council of Europe less than an hour after an earthquake occurrence with a magnitude larger than 6.0 on the Richter scale in any of the states of the Partial Agreement, indicating the localization of the epicentre of the seism and its magnitude.  The EUR-OPA secretariat undertakes to confirm the data with the affected state(s) and ask for their needs, which if necessary are communicated to other member states.

The Council of Europe does not provide humanitarian aid itself. This is provided by organisations such as the European Commission and UNOCHA.

Past alerts

The alert was triggered for 19 events in 2006, notably the  6.7 in Greece on 8 January 2006 and 18 events in the Extreme-Eastern Russia (10 events in the Kuril Islands, 5 in the Koryakia region (North of Kamchatka Peninsula) and 3 in or near the Kamchatka Peninsula).

See also
 Earthquake early warning
 Earthquake prediction
 Emergency management
 EU-Alert

References

External links
 Major Hazards Agreement website
 Alert Agency is on constant watch, Irish Times, 8 August 1999
  Earthquakes in Europe : National, international and European policy for the prevention and mitigation of seismic disaster, by Fereniki Vatavali, 2003
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Erika Eloise Bricker (born May 23, 1949), also known by her married name Erika Holderith, is an American former competition swimmer and Pan American Games gold medalist.

At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Bricker represented the United States as a 15-year-old.  She swam for the gold medal-winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the women's 4×100-meter freestyle relay, but did not receive a medal.  Under the rules in effect in 1964, only those relay swimmers who competed in the event final were eligible to receive medals.

She also competed in the 1967 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, where she received a gold medal in the 100-meter freestyle, edging Marion Lay and Lillian Watson in the event final.

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External links

1949 births
Living people
American female freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
People from Woodland, California
Sportspeople from Yolo County, California
Swimmers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1967 Pan American Games
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1967 Pan American Games
20th-century American women