Belno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Belno


Białe  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Białotarsk  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Bielawy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Bielawy


Bierzewice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Bierzewice


Sir Frederick Palmer  (31 January 1862 – 7 April 1934) was a British civil engineer.

Biography

Palmer was born in Carmarthenshire, Wales in 1862. He was educated in Neath, and worked as an assistant engineer on the Great Western Railway. He then joined the East Indian Railway Company as an engineer, where he remained for almost eighteen years. He was appointed engineer to the Calcutta Port Commissioners in 1901.

Palmer returned to England in 1909, as chief engineer of the Port of London Authority. He undertook several projects at the West India Docks. The first was the construction of several sheds at the Import Dock between 1912 and 1917.  Between 1926 and 1930 he built five more sheds at the South Dock and between 1929 and 1930 he constructed four more at the Export Dock.

Palmer was a founding partner of the firm Rendel, Palmer and Tritton. He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) between November 1926 and November 1927. Palmer was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1907, and a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1930. His son, John Palmer, made a bequest of an endowment fund to the ICE in 1960 to mark the centenary of his father's birth. The fund provides for a monetary prize and certificate for a paper submitted to the ICE on the subject of the economic and financial aspects of civil engineering.

He died at his home in Lingfield, Surrey on 7 April 1934.

References

Welsh civil engineers
British civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
People from Carmarthenshire
1862 births
1934 deaths


Bolesławów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Budy Kozickie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km northwest of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Budy Kozickie


Budy Lucieńskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


The Poisoned Kiss, or The Empress and the Necromancer is an opera in three acts by the English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams. The libretto, by Evelyn Sharp, is based on Richard Garnett's The Poison Maid and Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1844 short story Rappaccini's Daughter. The opera was completed in 1929, first performed by the Intimate Opera Company at the Cambridge Arts Theatre, United Kingdom, on 12 May 1936 (conducted by Cyril Rootham), and premiered in the United States on 21 April 1937 by the Juilliard Opera Theatre at the Juilliard School's theatre on Claremont Avenue. The cast included Annamary Dickey as Angelica, Marvel Biddle as Tormentilla, Glenn Darwin as Gallanthus, Mary Frances Lehnerts as the Empress, David Otto as Dipsacus, Albert Gifford as Amaryllus, and Signe Gulbrandsen and Athena Pappas as the mediums.

The Bronx Opera staged the work in January 2012.

Roles

References

Operas by Ralph Vaughan Williams
English-language operas
1936 operas
Operas based on literature
Operas


Choinek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


The 2008-09 season is the first season of the Balkan International Basketball League. Ten teams from the Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia are competing.

Teams

Format

Regular season
In the regular season the teams will be divided into two groups, each containing five teams. Each team plays every other team in its group at home and away. The top 4 teams in each group advance to the playoffs. Games will be played from October 7, 2008 to February 18, 2009.

Quarterfinals
The top four teams in each group advance for the quarterfinals. The winner of Group A/Group B will play with the fourth placed team in Group B/Group A and the second placed team in Group A/Group B will play with the third in Group B/Group A.

Final four
The four remaining teams play a semifinal match and the winners of those advance to the final. The losers play in a third-place playoff.

Regular season

Group A

Group B

Quarterfinals
First legs were on 25 and 26 February and 6 March, second legs were held on March 3, 4 and 10th

Final four

External links
 BIBL official webpage
 Balkan League standings and livescores

2008-09
2008–09 in European basketball leagues
2008–09 in Serbian basketball
2008–09 in Republic of Macedonia basketball
2008–09 in Romanian basketball
2008–09 in Bulgarian basketball


Dąbrówka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Emilianów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Feliksów () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Gaśno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Górki Drugie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Górki Pierwsze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Gorzewo may refer to the following places:
Gorzewo, Oborniki County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Gorzewo, Gostynin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Gorzewo, Sierpc County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Gorzewo, Wągrowiec County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)


Gorzewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Gorzewo


Gulewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Gulewo


Halinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Helenów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Huta Zaborowska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Huta Zaborowska


Jaworek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Jaworek


Józefków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Kazimierzów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Kiełpieniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Kleniew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Kleniew


Klusek may refer to:

Klusek, Gostynin County, Poland
Klusek, Pułtusk County, Poland


Klusek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Klusek


Kozice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Kozice


Krzywie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Krzywie


Leśniewice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Lipa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Lipa


Lisica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Lisica


Łokietnica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Lucień  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Marianka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Marianka


Marianów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Marianów Sierakowski  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Mysłownia Nowa  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is situated approximately  east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Nagodów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


The most successful teams, as of 2016, have been: Brazil, 11 times (1994, 1996, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2016); and United States, 6 times (1995, 2001, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015). The competition has been won 3 times by Russia (1997, 1999, 2002), twice by Cuba (1993, 2000) and once by China (2003) and the Netherlands (2007).

References

External links
Honours (1993–2016)

Statistics
Volleyball records and statistics


Niecki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Niecki


Nowa Huta  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Nowa Huta


Nowa Jastrzębia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


The Progress D-18T (or Lotarev D-18T) is a  high-bypass turbofan that powers the Antonov An-124 Ruslan and An-225 large freighters.

Design and development

The engine was developed in the second half of the 1970s by the then Soviet Ivchenko-Progress design bureau. It is manufactured by the Motor Sich factory in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. It was the first engine in the USSR that could deliver more than 20,000 kgf (~196 kN or ~44,000 lbf) of thrust.
The first start of a full-scale engine occurred on September 19, 1980, the An-124 maiden flight on December 24, 1982 and the engine passed official bench tests on December 19, 1985.

An upgraded 3M version was developed to reduce emissions and increase the life of the hot section to 14,000 h, and is introduced on An-124s of Antonov Airlines.
Currently 188 D-18T engines are in operation with a total flight time of over 1 million hours.

Incidents

In March 2020 Ukrainian authorities ordered a one time inspection of all D-18T engine intermediate pressure compressor disks following an uncontained engine failure.  Inspections were required to be carried out within six months.  On 13 November 2020 a Volga-Dnepr Airlines An-124 had an uncontained failure of the inboard left (number 2) D-18T engine.

Applications

 Antonov An-124
 Antonov An-225 (destroyed 2022)

Specifications (D-18T)

See also

References

External links

 D-18T Series 3 Turbofan Aero Engine - SE Ivchenko-Progress

Ivchenko-Progress aircraft engines
High-bypass turbofan engines
1980s turbofan engines
Three-spool turbofan engines


Nowa Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Nowy Zaborów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Osada can refer to:
 Osada, Masovian Voivodeship, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin in Poland
 Osada (software), see comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking
 Juri Osada, a Japanese figure skater
 Kenichi Osada, Japanese engineer
 Michiyasu Osada (b. 1978), a Japanese football player
 Shuichiro Osada (b. 1980), a Japanese baseball player
 Stanisław Osada (1869–1934), a Polish nationalist and author
 Yukiko Osada (b. 1981), a retired Japanese swimmer

See also
 Osada Leśna (disambiguation)


Osada  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Osada


Osiny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Osiny


Podgórze  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Pomorzanki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Pomorzanki


Rębów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Rogożewek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Rumunki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Rumunki


Budel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łaskarzew, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Łaskarzew,  south-west of Garwolin, and  south-east of Warsaw.

References

Budel


Ruszków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Rybne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Rybne


Sałki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Sieraków () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Sierakówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Skrzany  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Skrzany


Sokołów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


The Warri Crisis was a series of conflicts in Delta State, Nigeria between 1997 and 2003 between the Itsekiri, the Ijaw, and the Urhobo ethnic groups. Over 200,000 people were displaced by the Warri conflict between 1999 and 2006. Over 700,000 people were displaced during this period by violence in Delta State overall.

The conflict broke out following a government decision that changed the location of the Warri South West Local Government Council (LGA) to the Itsekeri community of Ogidigben from the Ijaw town of Ogbe Ijoh. The Council headquarters was eventually returned to Ogbe Ijoh, which restored a fragile peace in 2005.

The Warri Crisis is part of a broader conflict over oil in the Niger Delta. Human Rights Watch determined that "although the violence has both ethnic and political dimensions, it is essentially a fight over the oil money." Ongoing armed conflict in the Niger Delta region, and the appearance of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) in 2005 are continued expressions of these tensions.

Scholars have warned that the conflict is complex and not amenable to "quick fixes".

Background
Ethnic tensions around control of the Warri region pre-date European presence, but colonisation exacerbated these tensions by introducing power imbalances. This power imbalance was drastically accelerated during the british colonial process of "reorganization" that took place between 1928-38 after an "anti-government movement" which British colonial officials termed the 1927 boycott. The intention of the reorganization process was to create a better indirect rule system that was based on what the british colonial officers at the time referred to as "native authority", however, the result of the reogranization in the Warri Province was a zero-sum ethic consolidation, as the more ethinically discrete a governing unit was the more access it had to state resources from tax revenues.

The Itsekiri were first in the area to make contact with European traders in the 16th century, and they established dominance in the region by monopolising the European trade in slaves and later palm oil. The Itsekiri also established control of land through early legal documents during the British Empire.

In 1952, Obafemi Awolowo's government of Western Nigeria changed the title of the Itsekiri traditional ruler from Olu of Itsekiri to Olu of Warri (a title that had been defunct for 88 years and was reinstated by the british in 1936 during the reorganization process). This further increased tension, as the other tribes saw this as an attempt to impose an Itsekiri ruler over them since the title Olu of Warri implied authority over the Warri Province and not just the Warri district. (Over 80% of the present Delta State was referred to as Warri Province at that time.).

As a compromise, in 1952, the government of Western Nigeria changed the name of the province from the Warri Province to the Delta Province (precursor to the current delta state). This reduced the protest against the change of the title to the Olu of Warri in the province, however non-Itsekiri communities residing in the Warri Division still protested the decision. (as of 1952 before the name change, there was the Warri Province, the Warri Division, the Warri Districit and the City of Warri which was the provincial capital. The Warri division contained numerious of Urhobo and Ijaw communities that were not under Itsekiri control or influence).

Oil-related conflict
The discovery of large oil reserves in the Niger Delta in the early 1960s further destabilised the region, as control of land and local government became connected to benefits from oil contracts, jobs, and development by the oil companies.

The Warri crisis is a complex case where ethnic tensions are exacerbated by conflict between local communities and oil companies (notably Chevron Nigeria and Shell Petroleum Development Company). There is also conflict between the communities and the state. Access to oil revenue is a major factor. Oil bunkering is the theft of crude oil by various parties including militant groups, and has been increasingly important in the area with annual losses between 50 and 300 million barrels between 2001 and 2003. Oil money also feeds the arms trade and the further militarisation of all aspects of civic and corporate behavior.

There are extensive environmental issues in the Niger Delta resulting from oil activities. Millions of barrels of oil were spilled in a 50-year period following the discovery of oil – an amount equal to an Exxon Valdez oil spill every year. People in the region also receive few benefits from the enormous wealth extracted from the region: the area is plagued by administrative neglect, unemployment, crumbling infrastructure, poverty, and endless conflict. The pollution has made people more reliant on income from oil companies, as traditional modes such as farming and fishing are no longer possible in the polluted environment. Many services traditionally provided by governments, such as local security, are delegated to the oil companies with little accountability.

Violence (1997–2003)
In 1997, the federal government under General Sani Abacha created several Local Government Areas (LGAs), including Warri South-West. The headquarters of this LGA was originally located in the Ijaw community of Ogbe Ijoh, but was relocated to the Itsekeri community of Ogidigben. Riots ensued, hundreds died, and six Shell Nigeria (SPDC) installations were taken over, leading to a drop in oil production. Thousands were injured in these initial clashes.

Fighting renewed in 1999 and continued intermittently. Hundreds of people were killed over a period of several months in early 2003 when conflict broke out between Itsekiris and Urhobos during primary elections for state and federal governments. The dispute arose from disagreements about the number of wards making up the district and their boundaries. The Nigerian Red Cross reported more than 6000 internally displaced people. At this time, the Ijaw National Congress (INC) said the Warri Crisis was constant and unending. They urged state and federal governments to act on recommendations and reports the agencies had been furnished from reputable commissions.

The 2003 unrest involved the biggest military operation against civilians in Nigeria at the time. Some military personnel were killed, and there were reports of indiscriminate reprisals against civilians.

The headquarters were relocated back to Ogbe Ijoh by the Delta State House of Assembly, a decision that brought relative peace back to the city by 2005.

Impact and legacy
Over 200,000 people were displaced by the Warri conflict between 1999 and 2006; over 700,000 people were displaced by violence in Delta State overall.

The 2003 conflicts interrupted oil production. Chevron Texaco lost about 140,000 barrels of crude oil per day, and Shell Petroleum lost about 60,000 barrels per day. The Escravos pipeline was blown up by militant youths.

Ongoing armed conflict in the Niger Delta region, and the appearance of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) in 2005 are continued expressions of these tensions.

See also
 Environmental justice
 Environmental racism
 Oil theft in Nigeria

References

External links
 The Warri Crisis: Fueling Violence, 2003 report by Human Rights Watch
 THE PRICE OF OIL Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria’s Oil Producing Communities. 1999 report by Human Rights Watch
 Nigeria: Warri Crisis Coming to a Head, wikileaks.org. Date:2003 April 17, 22:26
 Letters to State Department on Warri Crisis; Urhobo Historical Society

Violence in Nigeria
Delta State
Environmental justice


Solec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Solec


Stanisławów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Stanisławów Skrzański  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Stary Zaborów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Stefanów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Strzałki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Wrząca  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Zieleniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Zieleniec


Events in the year 1880 in India.

Incumbents
 Empress of India – Queen Victoria
 Viceroy of India – Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton
 Viceroy of India – George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (from 8 June)

Events
 National income - 4,025 million
 18 September – 151 people were buried in a landslip at Naini Tal following  of rain in 68 hours.

Law
Religious Societies Act
Kazis Act
East India Loan (East Indian Railway Debentures) Act (British statute)
India Stock (Powers of Attorney) Act (British statute)

Births
 16 March – Rajshekhar Basu, writer, chemist and lexicographer (died 27 April 1960).
 31 July – Munshi Premchand, foremost Writer in Hindu-Urdu Literature and Indian Freedom fighter (died 8 October 1936).
 Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad, scholar, freedom fighter and founder of Muslim Independent Party (died 1940).

References

India
Years of the 19th century in India
1880 in Asia
1880s in India


Zuzinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


A book prospectus is a printed description of or advertisement for that book, usually issued before publication in an attempt to generate interest and advance orders. The word derives from Latin, meaning literally something which gives a view or prospect (in this case of a book). Some prospectuses are lavishly produced, especially for private press books.

Printed advertisements for and catalogues of books were produced in Europe as early as the 1470s, although very few survive and what we recognize today as prospectuses (containing information on the text, physical nature, price and availability of a forthcoming book) did not develop until the seventeenth century, when they were generally issued for books published by subscription. Prospectuses are of great interest to the historian and bibliographer because they often give information about a book, its author, publisher, printer or illustrator which is not available elsewhere.

References

David Butcher. British private press prospectuses 1891–2001. Risbury: Whittington Press, 2001.
John P. Feather. Book prospectuses before 1801 in the John Johnson Collection: a catalogue with microfiches. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1976.

John P. Feather. Book prospectuses before 1801 in the Gough Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford: a catalogue with microfiches. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1980.

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Book publishing


Zwoleń  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostynin, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Anatolin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Anatolin


Janówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Łuszczanówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Luszyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Luszyn


Regulations
There are two levels of legal and regulatory oversight: the legal requirements for clients who are fiduciaries or trustees for an account, and the regulations applicable to an advisor's practice. It is important to understand the requirements for each.

ERISA
An investment policy is required under virtually all investor circumstances, with the exception of individual investors. According to the US Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA), for every qualified company retirement plan (e.g., 401[k], profit sharing, pension, 403[b]) there are certain fiduciary responsibilities for managing the plan assets with the care, skill, prudence and diligence of a prudent expert and by diversifying the investments of the plan so as to minimize the risk of large losses. The IPS documents these fiduciary responsibilities and ensures fiduciaries are adhering to these responsibilities.

When auditing an ERISA plan, the U.S. Department of Labor regularly asks to review the associated IPS. This is due to ERISA regulations requiring that employee benefit plans are managed to ensure that investment firms meet their financial responsibility to the employees covered by such plans. Under ERISA, all qualified plan trustees have a special responsibility to “prudently” manage their plan assets for the sole benefit of the plan participants. ERISA and the Department of Labor have established the following prudent procedures for plan trustees:
 An investment policy must be established
 Plan assets must be diversified
 Investment decisions must be made with the skill and care of a prudent expert
 Prohibited transactions must be avoided

A properly written IPS should help ensure compliance with these required procedures. The IPS sets forth the objectives, restrictions, funding requirements and general investment structure for the management of the plan's assets, and provides the basis for evaluating the plan's investment results. By establishing the criteria and procedures for selecting investments and investment managers, an IPS can minimize “Monday morning quarterbacking” if investment performance is disappointing.

An IPS also can help trustees communicate a plan's investment guidelines and procedures to those assisting in the investment process, such as investment advisors or money managers. Finally, and most importantly, an IPS provides a guide for making future investment decisions. Having and using the policy statement compels the trustees to be more disciplined and systematic, which in itself should improve the odds of meeting the investment goals.

UPIA and other legislation
The US Uniform Prudent Investor Act (UPIA) is state-adopted legislation that governs the investment conduct of private family trusts. First enacted in 1994, it serves as the hallmark of subsequent legislation (as well as how the courts now interpret such requirements relating to ERISA). UPIA requires a written investment policy for every trust in which trustees manage assets for the benefit of others. UPIA formally requires a focus on the total portfolio, rather than following its earlier regulatory guidance that individual investments should be evaluated independently of whether or not they were appropriate for portfolio inclusion. The total portfolio is now the fiduciary's central consideration when judging the trade off between risk and return. There are no more restrictions on the types of investments that can be included in the portfolio; the trustee can invest in anything that helps achieve the risk/return objectives of the trust and that meets the other requirements of prudent investing.

UPIA specifies that diversification is part of the definition of prudent investing. It also makes clear that if appropriate investment processes are in place and followed, the trustees will not be held responsible for the results. Under UPIA, the delegation of investment and management functions is permitted and encouraged. Establishing and maintaining an IPS facilitates such delegation.

Government and institutional funds
The following two acts are substantially similar to UPIA; both require a written IPS.
 The 1997 Uniform Management Public Employee Retirement Systems Act. Addresses trustee responsibilities of government-sponsored qualified employee benefit plans
 The 2006 Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act. Addresses the responsibilities of trustees of nonprofit monies (primarily foundations and endowments)

Consumer protection
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) member firms and Registered Investment Advisors (RIAs) are subject to two primary obligations in terms of consumer protection: “suitability” and “fair dealing.” RIA firms must satisfy additional fiduciary standards of care and client protection. Well thought-out procedures are critical to satisfying these requirements. An IPS can help satisfy regulatory auditors by documenting the appropriate implementation of these procedures.

FINRA member firms are subject to a “suitability” requirement; this is described in the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Rule 2310. When a broker recommends that a client buy or sell a particular security, that broker must have a reasonable basis for believing that the recommendation is suitable for that client. In making this assessment, the broker must consider the client's risk tolerance, other security holdings, financial situation (income and net worth), financial needs and investment objectives, among other things. Registered Investment Advisors are subject to fiduciary standards for suitable recommendations.

In addition to the suitability requirement, brokers are subject to a “fair dealing” requirement which is also described in FINRA 2310. According to this rule, sales efforts will be judged on the basis of whether they can be reasonably said to represent fair treatment for the persons to whom the sales efforts are directed. An “obligation of fair dealing” means that brokers must have reasonable basis for believing that their securities recommendations are suitable for and appropriate to certain customers in light of the customers’ financial needs, objectives and circumstances.

A well-crafted IPS will include all the relevant information needed for the broker to establish that both the suitability and fair dealing requirements have been satisfied.

Additional requirements for Registered Investment Advisory firms
RIA firms must be registered as providing investment management services with either the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or with the equivalent state office.  RIAs have an even higher standard of care established by fiduciary standard to carry out their responsibilities with “good faith, honesty, integrity, loyalty and undivided service of the beneficiary’s interest.” The good faith clause requires RIAs to act reasonably in order to avoid negligent handling of the beneficiary's interests, and not to favor anyone else's interest, including the fiduciary's, over that of the client.

Whether or not fiduciary responsibilities have been satisfied is not determined by investment performance, but by whether prudent investment practices and standards were followed. To establish those practices and standards, the preparation of the IPS is one of the most important functions of the RIA. To emphasize its importance, in some SEC districts, SEC auditors are asking to see the IPS for a sampling of client relationships.

IPS and the investment process
The investment process can be seen as occurring in six steps, as described below. Many experts believe that the creation of the IPS is the single most important step in this process. All the other steps either lead into the IPS, or are directed by the IPS.

 Initial discovery: The initial discussions and sharing of documents that allows both the client and the advisor to learn about one another.  On the one hand, this might include learning about the client's circumstances, goals, income needs, restrictions, current holdings, risk tolerance, etc. The client should also attempt to learn as much as possible about the investment manager's investment philosophy, practices, and procedures.
 Discussion and agreement: All the issues related to what is to happen between client and advisor should be placed on the table. Where there are questions or a lack of clarity exists, further discussion may be needed. Eventually, the client and advisors need to come to agreement on issues such as the degree of client involvement, the asset allocation to be used, the kinds of instruments to be utilized (or not), how tax considerations will be treated, investment goals, needs for liquidity or income, investment restrictions, investment methodology, and responsibilities of each party to the other.
 Creating the IPS: Once the agreements have been reached on the full list of issues and policies to be followed, they need to be recorded. This document will become the IPS. The client(s) and the advisor sign the document, signifying each party's acknowledgment of the agreements.
 Investment implementation: Until there is an agreement between the advisor and client about the policies to be followed, no investment trades can responsibly happen. Once the IPS has been signed by all parties, the initial and ongoing trades can be implemented according to the road map provided by the IPS.
 Ongoing communication: Meetings, reports, and other communications will occur between advisor and client, generally as suggested in the IPS.
 Monitoring and adjustment: Rarely does a portfolio stay as originally structured. The IPS should describe how the portfolio will be monitored for poor performers, how good performers will be identified, how (and if) rebalancing and tax loss harvesting opportunities will be implemented, and it should address any other ways in which the investment manager will try to ensure that the portfolio will stay in line with the objectives set forth in the IPS.

Clients and their needs change over time. It is therefore important that the advisor periodically returns to the first step "discovery" to make sure the client's then-current needs and wishes are being addressed. Every year or two, the IPS should be reviewed by the client and the advisor to ensure continued agreement with its provisions.

Required components
Nothing should be included in the IPS to which the advisor or client cannot commit and be sure will be implemented.

An IPS usually has five major components that should be unique to each client.

1. All key factual data about the client, including where the client's assets are held, the amount of their assets under the management of portfolio manager, and the identification of the trustees or interested parties to the account. This can be as detailed or as simple as desired.

2. A discussion and review of the client's investment objectives, investment time horizon, anticipated withdrawals or deposits, need for reserves or liquidity, and attitudes regarding tolerance for risk and volatility.

3. Any constraints and restrictions on the assets, such as liquidity and marketability requirements, diversification concentrations, the advisor's investments strategy (including tax management), locations of assets by account type (taxable versus tax-deferred), how client accounts that are not being managed (if any) will be handled, and any transaction prohibitions.

4. The security types and asset classes to be included in or excluded from the portfolio, and the basic allocation among asset categories and the variance (rebalancing) limits for this allocation.

5. The monitoring and control procedures and responsibilities of each party.

The IPS and the advisor–client relationship
The IPS development process lays the foundation for a successful relationship between advisors and clients. An important benefit of utilizing and IPS in clarifying needs, procedures and expectations is that clients have a better understanding of what the advisor is going to do with their money, and of their advisor's approach. Clients have an opportunity to understand the reasons why each action is to be taken. As a result, clients tend to have more confidence in the advisor's abilities.

Having that increased level of understanding and confidence becomes important when markets go through a down period. The IPS establishes investment guidelines and a framework for long-term investment thinking and can help calm nerves when things are particularly volatile.

Sources
 Prudent Investment Practices: A Handbook for Investment Fiduciaries, published by the Foundation for Fiduciary Studies
 “Investment Policy: Winning the Losers Game,” Charles Ellis, Irwin Publishing
 “The Management of Investment Decisions,” Trone, Albright & Taylor, McGraw-Hill

Notes

Investment


Model  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Model


Pacyna  is a village in Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Pacyna. It lies approximately  south-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

External links

Pacyna


Podatkówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Podczachy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Podczachy


Przylaski  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna. It resides within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Przylaski


Radycza  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Radycza


Raków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Rakowiec may refer to the following places:
Rakowiec, Warsaw
Rakowiec, Kwidzyn County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Rakowiec, Tczew County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
Rakowiec, Gostynin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Rakowiec, Siedlce County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Rakówiec, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


Rakowiec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Rakowiec


Remki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Remki


Robertów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan incorporates 20 research institutes and three territorial groupings: the Pamir Branch in the eastern part of the country (with 2 institutes), the Khujand Scientific Center in the north, and the Khatlon Scientific Center in the south-west. The Academy is organized in three thematic divisions: physico-mathematical, chemical, and geological sciences; biological and medical sciences; humanities and social sciences. The incumbent president is Academician M.I. Ilolov, elected in 2005.

Originally a part of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, the Tajik Academy of Sciences was established in 1951 as the Academy of Sciences of Tajik SSR, designated the highest scientific body in Tajik SSR and since 1991 in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Notes

External links

 Official website
 Academy of Sciences of Tajik SSR in Big Soviet Encyclopedia, online edition
 H. Borjian, Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online

National academies of sciences
National academies of arts and humanities
Science and technology in Tajikistan
1951 establishments in the Soviet Union
Scientific organizations established in 1951
Members of the International Council for Science
USSR Academy of Sciences
Members of the International Science Council


Romanów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Rybie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Rybie


Sejkowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Sejkowice


Skrzeszewy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Skrzeszewy


Słomków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Pacyna,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Wola Pacyńska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pacyna, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

See also
 Wola, for other uses of the word

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Aleksandrów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Brzezia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Brzezia


This is a list of the former Estonian commanders, which also includes the Estonian officers who have served in the Imperial Russian Army, Wehrmacht, Waffen SS and the military commanders, who have retired since the restoration of the Republic of Estonia in 1991:

Generals
 Generals and Admirals

 Johan Laidoner
 Aleksander Einseln
 Ants Laaneots
 Riho Terras

 Lieutenant Generals and Vice Admirals

 Paul Lill
 Nikolai Reek
 Gustav Jonson
 Johannes Kert
 Tarmo Kõuts (Merevägi)

 Major Generals and Rear Admirals

Ernst Põdder
Aleksander Tõnisson
Jaan Soots
Otto Heinze
Andres Larka
Johannes Orasmaa
Johannes Soodla
Herbert Brede
Aleksander Silberg
Dimitri Lebedev
Werner Zoege von Manteuffel
Aleksander Paldrok
Ludvig Puusepp
Johan Unt
Artur Lossmann
Juhan Tõrvand
Gustav Kunnos
Gustav Jonson
Tõnis Rotberg
Ants Kurvits
Rudolf Reimann
Hans Leesment
Jaan Kruus
Aleksander Pulk
Otto Sternbeck
Voldemar Rieberg
Hugo Kauler
Martin Jervan
Nikolai Helk
August Traksmaa
Aleksander Jaakson
Richard Tomberg
August Kasekamp
Jaan Lukas
Jaan Maide
Ants Kurvits
Hugo-Eduard Kauler
Harry Hein
Neeme Väli
Meelis Kiili

Johan Pitka (Merevägi)
Hermann Salza (Merevägi)
Igor Schvede (Merevägi)

Teo Krüüner (Õhuvägi)
Vello Loemaa (Õhuvägi)
Valeri Saar (Õhuvägi)

 Brigadier-Generals and Commodores

Märt Tiru
Alar Laneman
Urmas Roosimägi
Peeter Hoppe
Jaak Tarien (Õhuvägi)

Officers

 Karl Parts
 Viktor Puskar
 Alfons Rebane
 Jaan Usin
 Leo Kunnas
 Harald Riipalu
 Ain-Erwin Mere
Paul Maitla
 Aleksander Warma; (Merevägi)

Junior officers

 Anton Irv
 Harald Nugiseks
 Julius Kuperjanov
 Artur Sirk
 Jaan Mahlapuu (fighter pilot)

See also

 Military of Estonia
 List of Estonian commanders
 Military of Latvia
 List of former Latvian commanders
 Military of Lithuania
 List of former Lithuanian commanders

Notes and references

Estonian military leaders


Brzeziny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Brzeziny


Czyżew  is a town in Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czyżew. It lies approximately  south-west of Wysokie Mazowieckie and  south-west of the regional capital Białystok.

Czyżew previously held town rights from 1738 to 1870; it became a town again on 1 January 2011. The town was re-formed from three villages: Czyżew-Osada ("settlement"), Czyżew-Złote Jabłko ("golden apple") and Czyżew-Stacja ("station"). On the same date the district was renamed from Gmina Czyżew-Osada to Gmina Czyżew.

As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,621.

References

Cities and towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship
Wysokie Mazowieckie County
Łomża Governorate
Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Belastok Region


Czyżew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Działy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in central Poland.

References

Dzially


Krubin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Krubin


Lasek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Lasek


Lubików  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Sanniki,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw. Its GPS coordinates are (19.806389, 52.300278). As of 2011, Lubików had a population of 120 people, of which 47.5% were women and 52.5% were men.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Lwówek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Mocarzewo  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Mocarzewo


Nowy Barcik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Nowy Barcik


Osmolin  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Sanniki,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

The village is the site of the Osmolin Radio Tower.

References

External links
 Jewish Community in Osmolin on Virtual Shtetl

Osmolin


Osmólsk Górny  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Sielce  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Sielce


Staropol  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Sanniki,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Stary Barcik  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Stary Barcik


Szkarada  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Szkarada


Wólka Niska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Wólka Wysoka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanniki, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Sanniki,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


This is a list of the current Estonian commanders:

Superior officers
 Generals and Admirals

 Martin Herem

 Major Generals and Rear Admirals

 Indrek Sirel
 Veiko-Vello Palm
 Enno Mõts

 Riho Ühtegi
 Ilmar Tamm

 Brigadier-Generals and Commodores

 Artur Tiganik
 Vahur Karus

 Jüri Saska (Merevägi)

 Rauno Sirk (Õhuvägi)
  Toomas Susi (Õhuvägi)

Senior officers
Colonels and (Naval) Captains

Jüri Järveläinen
Aarne Ermus
Albert Helme

Viljar Schiff
Artur Suzik
Aivar Salekešin
Kajari Klettenberg
Eduard Kikas
Peeter Läns
Aivar Kokka
Vahur Väljamäe
Mirko Arroküll
Aron Kalmus
Risto Lumi
Jaak Mee
Vahur Murulaid
Urmas Nigul
Eero Rebo

Andres Hairk
Kalev Koidumäe
Margus Koplimägi
Vitali Lokk
Leon Meier
Ain Rekkand
Mati Tikerpuu
Tarmo Metsa
Mart Vendla
Andrus Merilo
Taivo Rõkk
Meelis Sarapuu
Viktor Kalnitski
Mait Müürisepp
Märt Plakk
Margo Grosberg
Margus Kuul
Janno Märk
Indrek Lilleorg
Tarmo Kundla

Roman Lukas (Merevägi)
Indrek Hanson (Merevägi)
Ivo Värk (Merevägi)
Johan Elias Seljamaa (Merevägi)

Arvo Palumäe (Õhuvägi)
Riivo Valge (Õhuvägi)
Janek Lehiste (Õhuvägi)

See also
 Military of Estonia
 List of former Estonian commanders

References

Estonian military leaders


"Where's Your Love" is a song by Craig David from his album, Greatest Hits. It features vocals from rapper Tinchy Stryder and singer Rita Ora (although her vocals are not officially credited). It was made available for digital download only, on 10 November 2008 in both Ireland and the United Kingdom. The record is known for the chorus that has been used on various other underground UK garage tracks, Craig David is thought to be paying homage to the genre that made him a star. The song debuted at number 58 on the UK Singles Chart.

The song mainly samples the intro from the SE22 mix of "Hold On" by Colours and Stephen Emmanuel, only increasing the tempo.

Music video
A music video for "Where's Your Love" was directed by Steve Kemsley. It features David singing with Tinchy Stryder rapping and vocals from Rita Ora, with lyrics bouncing around a white background, with the occasional corridor with only David singing. The video was uploaded and released to the streaming media website YouTube on 17 October 2008.

Track listings
Digital download
"Where's Your Love" (featuring Tinchy Stryder and Rita Ora) – 4:34
"Where's Your Love" (featuring Tinchy Stryder) – 3:35

Charts

References

2008 singles
Craig David songs
Tinchy Stryder songs
Warner Records singles
Sire Records singles
2008 songs
Songs written by Craig David
Songs written by Fraser T. Smith
Songs with music by Tinchy Stryder
UK garage songs


Gamsgrat is a mountain on the border of Liechtenstein and Austria in the Rätikon range of the Eastern Alps close to the town of Malbun, with a height of . Gamsgrat is not a very old mountain since the top is very pointy and looks very sharp

References

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Liechtenstein
Mountains of Vorarlberg
Austria–Liechtenstein border
International mountains of Europe


Adamów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Szczawin Kościelny (the gmina seat),  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Ochsenkopf is a mountain on the border of Liechtenstein and Austria in the Rätikon range of the Eastern Alps close to the town of Malbun, with a height of .

References

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Liechtenstein
Mountains of Vorarlberg
Austria–Liechtenstein border
International mountains of Europe


Annopol  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Annopol


Białka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Budki Suserskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Budki Suserskie


Budy Kaleńskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Francesco Giacomo Tricomi (5 May 1897 – 21 November 1978) was an Italian mathematician famous for his studies on mixed type partial differential equations. He was also the author of a book on integral equations.

Biography

Tricomi was born in Naples. He first enrolled in the University of Bologna, where he took chemistry courses. However, Tricomi realized that he preferred physics rather than chemistry; he moved to the University of Naples in 1915. He graduated at the University of Naples in 1918 and later was assistant to Francesco Severi, first in Padua and then in Rome. Later he was professor at Turin, called by Giuseppe Peano, a position he held until his retirement in 1967.

He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1928 at Bologna and in 1932 in Zurich. From 1943 to 1945 and from  1948 to 1951 at the California Institute of Technology of  Pasadena, he collaborated on the manual of special  functions for the Bateman manuscript project, together with Arthur Erdélyi, Wilhelm Magnus and Fritz Oberhettinger.

Tricomi was a member of the Accademia nazionale dei Lincei and of the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (Turin Academy of Sciences), of which he was also president.

Selected publications
 Vorlesungen über Orthogonalreihen, Springer Verlag, Berlino, 1955 (traduzione di: Serie ortogonali di funzioni,  Istituto Editoriale Gheroni, 1948)
 Integral Equations, Dover, New York, 1985, ;
 Equazioni differenziali, 3rd edition, Boringhieri, 1961 (translated by Elizabeth McHarg into English as );
 Carlo Ferrari  e Francesco Giacomo Tricomi, Aerodinamica transonica, Cremonese, Roma, 1962
 Funzioni Analitiche, Nicola Zanichelli Editore, Bologna, 1961 (reprint of 2nd edn.);
 Lezioni sulle funzioni ipergeometriche confluenti, Gheroni, Torino, 1952
 Funzioni ipergeometriche confluenti, Cremonese, Roma, 1954
 Funzioni ellittiche, Nicola Zanichelli Editore, Bologna, 1937
 Lezioni di analisi matematica, CEDAM, 1965,
 Esercizi e complementi di analisi matematica, CEDAM, 1951
 Lezioni sulle equazioni a derivate parziali, Editrice Gheroni Torino, 1954
 Equazioni a derivate parziali, Edizioni Cremonese, Roma, 1957
 A. Erdélyi, W. Magnus F. Oberhettinger, F. G. Tricomi, Higher transcendental functions. (3 vols.), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953 (fa parte del Bateman manuscript project)
 A. Erdélyi, W. Magnus F. Oberhettinger, F. G. Tricomi, Tables of integral transforms, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954 (fa parte del Bateman manuscript project)
.

See also
Confluent hypergeometric function
Transonic

References

Biographical and general references
.

Notes

External links

Page at Accademia delle Scienze of Turin
Integral Equations by F.G. Tricomi

1897 births
1978 deaths
20th-century Italian mathematicians
PDE theorists


Dobrów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Maciejowice is a village and municipality seat in Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland).

Maciejowice may also refer to:
Maciejowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
Maciejowice, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
Maciejowice, Grójec County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Maciejowice, Kozienice County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Maciejowice, Siedlce County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Maciejowice, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)


Gołas  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Gorzewo-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Gorzewo-Kolonia


Helenów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Helenów Słupski  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Helenów Trębski  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Holendry Dobrowskie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Holendry Dobrowskie


Janki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Janki


Jesionka may refer to the following places:
Jesionka, Gostynin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Jesionka, Płońsk County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Jesionka, Żyrardów County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Jesionka, Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Jesionka, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Jesionka, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)


Jesionka  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Jesionka


Józefków  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Kaleń  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Kamieniec  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Kamieniec


Krzymów may refer to the following places:
Krzymów, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Krzymów, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Krzymów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)


Krzymów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Cardiff Docks () is a port in southern Cardiff, Wales. At its peak, the port was one of the largest dock systems in the world with a total quayage of almost . Once the main port for the export of South Wales coal, the Port of Cardiff remains active in the import and export of containers, steel, forest products and dry and liquid bulks.

History

Following the development of the coal found in the Cynon Valley, Rhondda Valley, and Merthyr areas of South Wales, the export of both coal and iron products required a sea connection to the Bristol Channel if economic volumes of product were to be extracted.

In 1794, the Glamorganshire Canal was completed, linking the then small town of Cardiff with Merthyr, and in 1798 a basin was built, connecting the canal to the sea. By the 1830s, Cardiff became the pre-eminent iron-exporting port, shipping almost half of British overseas iron exports; between 1840 and 1870, the volume of coal exports increased from 44,350 to 2.219 million tonnes.

Bute Docks
Increasing agitation for proper dock facilities led Cardiff's foremost landowner, John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, to promote the construction of the (West) Bute Dock. The dock design was by Admiral William Henry Smyth and the resident engineer was George Turnbull. Two years after the October 1839 dock opening, the Taff Vale Railway was opened, following much the same route as the canal.

With the construction of the new East Bute Dock from 1855, designed by James Walker of Messrs. Walker & Burges and built by Thomas Cubitt's firm, its opening in 1859 resulted in coal supplanting iron as the industrial foundation of South Wales, with exports reaching 2 million tons as early as 1862.

Queen Alexandra Dock

Frustration at the lack of development at Cardiff led to rival docks being opened at Penarth in 1865 and Barry, Wales in 1889.

These developments eventually spurred Cardiff into action, with the opening of the Roath Dock in 1887, and the Queen Alexandra Dock in 1907. By then, coal exports from the South Wales Coalfield via Cardiff totalled nearly 9 million tons per annum, much of it exported in the holds of locally owned tramp steamers. By 1913, this had risen to 10,700,000 tons, making Cardiff second only to Barry, Wales as the largest coal exporting dock in the world.

Shipping
Cardiff's first steamship was the Llandaff of 1865, and by 1910, there were some 250 tramp steamers owned at Cardiff, by prominent firms such as William Cory & Son, Morel, Evan Thomas Radcliffe, Tatem and Reardon-Smith. Each day, the principals of these companies would meet to arrange cargoes of coal for their ships in the opulent Coal Exchange in Mount Stuart Square. This trade reached its pinnacle in 1913, when 10.7 million tons of coal were exported from the port. After the First World War, there was a boom in shipping in Cardiff, with 122 shipping companies in existence in 1920. The boom proved short-lived, however; oil was growing in importance as a maritime fuel, and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles soon flooded Europe with cheap German reparation coal.

Railways
The Taff Vale Railway was built to transport coal from the South Wales Valleys to the docks. Its headquarters were a currently derelict building in Cardiff Bay railway station. The building was turned into a railway heritage centre in 1979 by the Butetown Historic Railway Society. By 1994 the Society had started to run steam locomotive hauled passenger services up and down 550 yards of track. However, as the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation had no interest in the railway, the society changed its name to the Vale of Glamorgan Railway and moved from the site in 1997 to Barry Island railway station.

Decline

From 1910 onwards capacity issues meant that the more modern and less tidal Barry Docks took over as the largest volume export point of coal. Until the early 1920s, Cardiff docks continued to boom as a location for shipping companies, but the fall in demand for Welsh coal caused a dramatic fall in exports. By 1932, in the depths of the Great Depression which followed the General Strike in 1926, coal exports had fallen to below 5 million tonnes and dozens of locally owned ships were laid-up. Despite intense activity at the port during the Second World War (which led to the attentions of the German Luftwaffe during the Cardiff Blitz), coal exports continued to decline, finally ceasing in 1964. In 1950, imports outstripped exports for the first time in the port's history. The 1970s saw a short-term import boom, and in the 1980s the port experienced a slight rise in traffic, while much of the former port area began to be regenerated into non-port uses. The port found a niche as an important local centre for general cargo operations.

Modern port facilities

Cardiff now has three operational docks capable of handling ships of up to 35,000 tons deadweight: Queen Alexandra Dock, Roath Dock and Roath Basin. Although still owned by the port, Roath Basin is now only used as a hospitality berth, and is only accessible by vessels via Roath Dock. The port has transit sheds with nearly  of indoor storage plus  of open storage. There are 7 quayside cranes plus a range of mobile cranes. Cardiff's specialised facilities include a distribution terminal and chill and cold storage for perishables.

Tiger Bay

Tiger Bay was a local nickname for the general Cardiff Docks area, the evocative phrase deriving from the area's rough-and-tumble reputation. Merchant seamen arrived in Cardiff from all over the world, only staying for as long as it took to discharge and reload their ships: consequently many murders and lesser crimes went unsolved and unpunished, the perpetrators having sailed for other ports. In Victorian times, the name "Tiger Bay" was used in popular literature and slang (especially that of sailors) to denote any dock or seaside neighbourhood which shared a similar notoriety for danger.

Cardiff Bay

The Cardiff Bay Development Corporation was created in 1987 to counter the effects of economic depression in this run-down area. Today, the port of Cardiff and what is now known as Cardiff Bay has been totally transformed by the Cardiff Barrage that impounds the Rivers Taff and the Ely to create a massive fresh-water lake across to Penarth Head.

Only two docks, the Roath and the Queen Alexandra, remain in use, and just two shipping companies remain, albeit buoyant with their worldwide interests. Shipping movements varying from a couple of movements to 10 or 12 per tide, with trade in timber, oil, scrap and containers.

See also
Marquess of Bute
Butetown
Tiger Bay
Cardiff Bay
History of Cardiff

References

Further reading
"Cardiff – Coal and Shipping Metropolis" By Dr David Jenkins, National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Published: 3 May 2005
Cardiff and its port facilities by H.E.Roese, published 1995 in Morgannwg, Vol.XXXIX, pp. 50–71

External links

BBC NEWS | In Pictures | 100 years of Queen Alexandra dock

Economy of Cardiff
Buildings and structures in Cardiff
History of Cardiff
Ports and harbours of Wales
Ports and harbours of the Bristol Channel
Coast of Cardiff
1839 establishments in Wales


Kunki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-east of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Kunki


Lubieniek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Lubieniek


Mellerów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Misiadla  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Misiadla


Modrzew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Modrzew


Mościska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Osowia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Osowia


Pieryszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Pieryszew


Przychód  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


The Latvia national speedway team is one of the nations that compete in international motorcycle speedway.

History

As the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union speedway team (which was comprised predominantly of Russian riders but also Ukrainian, Latvian and Belarus riders) first competed in the 1961 edition of the Speedway World Team Cup, where they finished second in the East European round. Throughout the history of World Team Cup, the team were regular World Cup contenders from 1961 until their final World Cup in 1983. They reached the final on 12 occasions, winning the silver medal five times, in 1964, 1966, 1971, 1972, 1975 and the bronze medals three times, in 1967, 1969 and 1973.

As Latvia
Following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, the riders then competed for their new speedway nations of Russia, Ukraine and Latvia.

The Latvian national team first competed in the World Team Cup at the 1992 Speedway World Team Cup, finishing 4th in Group D (the fourth tier of the World Cup). In 1994, they progressed to Group B for the first time and in 1997, compteted in Group A for the first time. In 1998, they finished in 9th place, was their best international result at the time.

In 2001, the World Team Cup was rebranded the Speedway World Cup and Latvia struggled to progress to the main round. However in 2013, they finally progressed to the main round after winning their qualifying round group and being eliminated in the race off, which meant a sixth place finish. They repeated the feat in 2017.

In 2021, Latvia reached their first major final at the Speedway of Nations and as one of the smaller speedway nations the team take part in the European Pairs Speedway Championship, where they have won two silver medals (2012, 2020) and threee bronze medals (2016, 2019, 2021).

Major world finals

Speedway of Nations

International caps
Since the advent of the Speedway Grand Prix era, international caps earned by riders is largely restricted to international competitions, whereas previously test matches between two teams were a regular occurrence.

References

National speedway teams
Speedway
!


Reszki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Reszki


Sewerynów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Słup  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Smolenta  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Smolenta


"I'm Ready" is a blues song written by Willie Dixon and first recorded by Muddy Waters in 1954.  It was a hit, spending nine weeks on the Billboard R&B chart where it reached number four.  The song became a blues standard and has been compared to "Hoochie Coochie Man", the standard also written by Dixon that Waters recorded earlier in 1954.

Composition and recording
"I'm Ready" was inspired by a comment by Muddy Waters prior to a gig, when harmonica player Willie Foster visited him at home.  As Foster recalled,

Dixon proceeded to write a song and "I'm Ready" was completed within about three days.  The lyrics continue the use of swagger and supernatural imagery found in Dixon's "Hoochie Coochie Man", which Waters recorded in January 1954:

In addition to the lyrical theme, "I'm Ready" incorporates a stop-time sixteen-bar structure analogous to "Hoochie Coochie Man".  The song was recorded September 1, 1954, by Waters on vocal and guitar, accompanied by Little Walter on chromatic harmonica, Jimmy Rogers on guitar, Otis Spann on piano, Willie Dixon on bass, and Fred Below on drums.

Releases
Chess Records issued the song as single in late 1954, with "I Don't Know Why" as the B-side.  In 1958, it was included on Muddy Waters' first album, The Best of Muddy Waters (1958).

Muddy Waters later re-recorded the song for his albums Fathers and Sons (1969) and The London Muddy Waters Sessions (1971).  In 1978, he re-recorded it again as the title track to his album I'm Ready.  The album, which was produced by Johnny Winter, earned Waters a Grammy award in 1978.

References

External links
Partial list of recorded "I'm Ready" versions at Secondhandsongs.com

1954 singles
Chess Records singles
Muddy Waters songs
Sixteen bar sections
Songs written by Willie Dixon
Blues songs


At the Boar's Head is an opera in one act by the English composer Gustav Holst, his op. 42. Holst himself described the work as "A Musical Interlude in One Act". The libretto, by the composer himself, is based on Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2.

Development
Holst devised the idea for this opera in 1924, whilst convalescing from an illness. During this period, he alternated between reading Henry IV, Part I and an edition of John Playford's The English Dancing Master, as well as folk melodies collected by Cecil Sharp and others. Holst noticed that the rhythm and metre of Shakespeare's lines matched the tunes in the Playford, as well as the tunes that Sharp and others had collected. He then decided to set a number of those melodies to a story assembled from episodes set at the Boar's Head Inn from the two parts of Henry IV. Three of the melodic passages are original, including a recitative for Prince Hal and a setting for the sonnets. Otherwise, Holst devised his score from reworking the collected folk tunes. Imogen Holst summarised the folk tunes which her father used in the score as follows:
 John Playford, The English Dancing Master: 28 country dance tunes
 Cecil Sharp, published editions: 4 morris tunes, 1 traditional country dance
 Chappell, Popular Music of the Olden Time: 3 ballads
 G. B. Gardiner, manuscript collection: 2 folksongs

Production and reception
The opera received its first performance at the Palace Theatre, Manchester, on 3 April 1925, by the British National Opera Company, with Malcolm Sargent conducting. A performance at the Golders Green Hippodrome followed on 20 April 1925, with the following singers among the cast:
 Norman Allin (Falstaff)
 Constance Wills (Doll Tearsheet)
 Tudor Davies (Prince Hal)
Holst's opera was part of a double bill with Puccini's Gianni Schicchi. The first US performance was in February 1935 in New York City, at the MacDowell Club, conducted and directed by Sandor Harmati.

Contemporary audiences overall gave the opera a lukewarm reception. Imogen Holst said of the opera that it contained "very little relief from the onslaught of the counterpoint". Hugh Ottaway has commented that another reason for the failure of the opera was that the music did not add sufficiently to the original texts.

Roles

Synopsis
The opera observes classical unities of a single setting for the plot, with the events occurring in real time on a single day. The story focuses on the conversations between Falstaff and Prince Hal, and the characters who wander in and out of the Boar's Head Tavern in Eastcheap. Throughout the story, the sound of door knocks bring reminders of events happening in the world outside the tavern, including the marching of soldiers to war.

The story begins in late afternoon, as Bardolph, Gadshill and Peto sing and drink in an upstairs room at the tavern. Falstaff arrives, followed by Prince Hal and Poins, whom Falstaff accuses of cowardice, for not assisting him in an attempted highway robbery earlier that day. Falstaff exaggerates the story, until Prince Hal says that he and Poins had stolen from Falstaff money that had prior been taken from unarmed travellers.

The Hostess announces the arrival of a gentleman from Court, whereupon Falstaff and the others leave. After Prince Hal delivers a soliloquy, Falstaff and the others return with news that civil war has begun. Falstaff advises Prince Hal to rehearse what he will say to the King before he returns to Court. Prince Hal practices with Falstaff in the role of the King, and later the two trade roles.

Doll Tearsheet arrives, and Prince Hal and Poins don disguises to be able to observe her and Falstaff's behaviour. Falstaff asks for a song, whereupon the disguised Prince Hal sings Shakespeare's sonnet 19, "Devouring Time, blunt though the lion's paws". Falstaff is displeased and interrupts with the ballad "When Arthur first in Court began", and the two songs continue in parallel. A distant march precedes a communication from Bardolph to Prince Hal, who must go to the Court at Westminster. Prince Hal and Poins remove their disguises and leave to the shouts of the outside crowd.

Pistol calls to Falstaff off-stage, and then enters the inn, in spite of the misgivings of Doll and the concern of the Hostess for the inn's reputation. Pistol and Doll argue vehemently, and Pistol is ejected. Bardolph arrives with word that a dozen captains are searching all the taverns for Falstaff. Falstaff bids Doll farewell, but at the end, before all the men go off to war, Bardolph brings a last message for Doll Tearsheet to meet Falstaff one last time. The hostess pushes Doll through the door to the assignation at the close of the opera.

Recording
 HMV 7243 5 65127 2 6: Philip Langridge (Prince Hal), John Tomlinson (Falstaff), Elise Ross (Hostess), Felicity Palmer (Doll Tearsheet), David Wilson-Johnson (Pistol), Peter Hall (Peto), Richard Suart (Bardolph), Michael George (Poins); Liverpool Philharmonic Choir, Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra; David Atherton, conductor

References

Further reading
Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.

External links
 Chester Novello score page for At the Boar's Head

Operas by Gustav Holst
One-act operas
1925 operas
Operas set in London
Operas based on works by William Shakespeare
Works based on Henry IV (play)
Operas
John Falstaff


Staw  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Staw


Stefanów Suserski  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Suserz  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Suserz


Polik is a trade-name for the antifungal drug Haloprogin.

Polik may also refer to the following places in Poland:
Polik, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
Polik, Garwolin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Polik, Sierpc County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


Swoboda  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Swoboda


Szczawin Borowy-Kolonia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Szczawin Borowy-Kolonia


Szczawin Borowy-Wieś  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Szczawin Kościelny  is a village in Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Szczawin Kościelny. It lies approximately  south-east of Gostynin and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Szczawinek  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Szczawinek


The Vienne is a small river in Normandy, France,  in length, It is a right tributary of the Saâne flowing through the department of Seine-Maritime.

Geography
The Vienne has its source in the Pays de Caux in the territory of the commune of Beauval-en-Caux. Taking a northward journey, it flows through the communes of Saint-Mards, Lamberville, Bacqueville-en-Caux, Hermanville, Lammerville and Thil-Manneville before joining the Saâne at Gueures.
Like most other rivers in the region, the Vienne is classified as a first class river, offering anglers the chance to catch trout and salmon.

Bibliography
 Albert Hennetier, Aux sources normandes: Promenade au fil des rivières en Seine-Maritime, Ed. Bertout, Luneray, 2006

See also
French water management scheme

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Normandy
Rivers of Seine-Maritime
1Vienne


Teodorów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Trębki  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Tuliska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south-east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Tuliska


Waliszew  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Szczawin Kościelny,  east of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Waliszew


Witoldów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Wola Trębska  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Szczawin Kościelny,  south of Gostynin, and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Wola Trębska-Parcel  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczawin Kościelny, within Gostynin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Gostynin County


Scheienkopf is a mountain on the border of Liechtenstein and Austria, although the summit is in Austria, in the Rätikon range of the Eastern Alps with a height of .

The mountain is located in the eastern part of Liechtenstein. To the east of the capital - Vaduz, at its foot lies the commune-community Balzers (its pre-Austrian enclave). The top of the mountain is already listed on the territory of Austria.

References

Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Liechtenstein
Mountains of Vorarlberg
Austria–Liechtenstein border
International mountains of Europe


Adamów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County


Adamowizna  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and  south-west of Warsaw.

References

Adamowizna


John Archibald McDonald (February 25, 1851 – February 17, 1925) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Victoria County in the Nova Scotia Legislative Assembly as a Conservative from 1882 to 1886, and Victoria in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1896. Although a Conservative, he ran as a Liberal in a November 1887 by-election resulting from his election at the general election the previous March having been declared void, and thus sat as such from November 1887 to March 1891.

He was born in North East Margaree, Nova Scotia, the son of Laughlin McDonald, a Scottish immigrant. He was educated at the Horton Academy and then Acadia College. McDonald was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1877. In 1885, he married Katie Jeannette Hume. He represented Victoria County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1882 to 1886 as a Conservative. McDonald was also a trustee for the Baddeck Academy and municipal clerk for Victoria. His election to the House of Commons in 1887 was declared void and he was elected as a Liberal later that year. McDonald was elected as a Conservative in the 1891 general election. That election was declared void but he was elected again in the subsequent by-election.

References
The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1889, JA Gemmill

1851 births
1925 deaths
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
People from Baddeck, Nova Scotia


Chlebnia  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and  west of Warsaw.

References

Chlebnia


Chrzanów Duży  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County


Chrzanów Mały  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County


Czarny Las  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Sołectwo Czarny Las: http://czarnylas.grodzisk.pl

Czarny Las


Izdebno Kościelne  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Grodzisk Mazowiecki and  west of Warsaw.

References

Villages in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County


Janinów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County


Kady  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Kady


Kałęczyn  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk Mazowiecki, within Grodzisk Mazowiecki County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

References

Villages in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County