Reginald 'Rex' Colin Townley CMG (15 April 1904 – 3 May 1982) was an Australian politician who served as leader of the Liberal Party in Tasmania from 1950 to 1956. He also played first-class cricket for the Tasmanian cricket team in his younger years, dismissing Donald Bradman in the 1935 season.

Cricket career

As Tasmania didn't compete in the Sheffield Shield at the time of his cricketing career, Townley's appearances for his state were limited to matches against touring sides such as the Marylebone Cricket Club and South Africa as well as out of season first-class fixtures against other Australian states.

A legbreak bowler, Townley took 36 wickets at 35.52 in first-class matches. His claim to fame as a cricketer was dismissing Donald Bradman, caught and bowled for 369, in a first-class match against South Australia, the legendary batsman's second highest ever score at that level. He also claimed in his career the wickets of English Test cricketer Ernest Tyldesley and South African Test player Bruce Mitchell.

Political career
Like his younger brother Athol, the Australian Minister for Defence from 1958 to 1963, Townley went into politics. He joined the Tasmanian House of Assembly at the 1946 election as an Independent, representing Denison.

The Liberal Party installed Townley as their leader for the 1950 election but lost to incumbent Premier Robert Cosgrove, despite achieving a 9.8% swing. With the Liberals regaining two seats which had been held by Independents since 1948, Labor stayed in power only thanks to the support of the remaining Independent, Bill Wedd.

Townley also led the Liberals into the 1955 election and picked up a seat to leave the House of Assembly with a deadlock as both parties had 15 seats out of a possible 30 in the assembly. Cosgrove however remained as Premier of Tasmania.

On 30 June 1965, Townley resigned from parliament, having never failed to defend his seat in an election.

See also
 List of Tasmanian representative cricketers

References

External links

1904 births
1982 deaths
Australian cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Tasmania
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Australian sportsperson-politicians
Leaders of the Opposition in Tasmania
20th-century Australian politicians
Cricketers from Hobart


Langa Langa Lagoon or Akwalaafu is a natural lagoon on the West coast of Malaita near the provincial capital Auki within the Solomon Islands. The lagoon is 21 km in length and just under 1 km wide. The "lagoon people" or "salt water people" live on small artificial islands built up on sand bars over time where they were forced to flee from the headhunters of mainland Malaita.

The islands in the lagoon are renowned for their shell money minting process, their "shark worship" beliefs, their shipbuilding skills and tourism. The most popular and well known of this islands is Laulasi which has had a thriving tourism industry dating back to the early 1970s; although tourism is largely underdeveloped. The Langa Langa Lagoon provides opportunities for snorkeling, and the villagers provide shell making demonstrations.

Etymology

Langa in Solomons Pijin language means "along" or long.

History

In Malaita legend, the first settlement on the island began around 3,000 BC at a place called Siale. The first places in the Malaita area to be settled were Dukwasi (Kwara'ae speaking people), and the Asi (man-made islands) namely: Aoke, Kaloka and Rarata in Langa Langa lagoon, Laulasi, Alite Koalia and Gwa'ata – Ta'alulolo. It is also believed the early settlers originated from Mt. Kolovrat (Alasa'a), the highest peak on the main Malaita Island. The early settlers were believed to be castaways from the Alasa'a community. They said, the people were forced out from the community because of bad behaviour and disrespect for custom and traditional way of living.

During their journey the final stopover was at Laulasi where they felt it was safe from enemies. After they had settled, other people began to arrive from different parts of Malaita and outside to settle in the Langalanga lagoon. They came from Small Malaita, Florida (Ngella), some came from the northern part of Guadalcanal believed to be from Longuvalasi area and others from the northern region of Malaita. Through inter-marriages, their descendants spread to the whole of the Langalanga lagoon. Certain cultural features or Tambu House (Place of the first settlements) are still preserved which attest to the settlement patterns that were made.

1800 to 1900
From the 1870s to 1903 Malaitan men (and some women) comprised the largest number of Solomon Islander participants in the indentured labour trade to Queensland, Australia and to Fiji. The 1870s were a time of illegal recruiting practices known as Blackbirding. Malaitans are known to have volunteered as indentured labourers with some making their second trip to work on plantations, although the labour system remained exploitative. In 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia enacted the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 which facilitated the deportation of Pacific Islanders that was the precursor to the White Australia policy. However many islanders remained and formed the South Sea Islander community of Australia.

In 1893 then Gibson of HMS Curacoa (1854) sailed around the islands to declare a protectorate with the only opposition by the Laulasi villagers who refused the British flag. When Gibson asked why the flag was refused, the villages were afraid that their acceptance of it would signify to the bush people that by aligning themselves with Britain the lagoon dwellers were preparing for war and this would lead the bush people discontinuing trade with the lagoon people, who had no gardens and were dependent on food. Britain was provided with a "plausible excuse for protecting the Solomons" and so protecting their labour reserves. By declaring a protectorate, the British were able to justify keeping out other colonial powers.

1911 – Author Jack London

American author Jack London traveled to Langa Langa in a yacht in 1908.

"We ran down the lagoon from Langa Langa, between mangrove swamps through passages scaresly wider than the Monota, and passed the reef villages of Kaloka and Auki. Like the founders of Venice, these salt water men were originally refugees form the mainland. Too weak to hold their own in the bush, survivors of village massacres, they fled to the sand banks of the lagoon. These sand banks they built up into islands and they were compelled to seek their provender from the sea. They developed canoo bodies, unable to walk about, spending all their time in the canoos, they became thick armed and broad shouldered with narrow waists and frail legs" (p 138)

"I sailed in the teak-built ketch, the Minota, on a blackbirding cruise to Malaita, and I took my wife along. The hatchet-marks were still raw on the door of our tiny stateroom advertising an event of a few months before. The event was the taking of Captain Mackenzie's head, Captain Mackenzie, at that time, being master of the Minota.... As we sailed in to Langa-Langa on the shore side of the lagoon, was Binu, the place where the Minota was captured a year previously and her captain killed by the bushmen of Malaita, having been hacked to pieces and eaten" (p 135)

"He (Mackenzie) believed in kindness. He also contended that better confidence was established by carrying no weapons. On his second trip to Malaita, recruiting, he ran into Bina, which is near Langa Langa. The rifles with which the boat's-crew should have been armed, were locked up in his cabin. When the whale-boat went ashore after recruits, he paraded around the deck without even a revolver on him. He was tomahawked. His head remains in Malaita. It was suicide.

The Log of the Snark states:

"..still bore the tomahawk marks where the Malaitans at Langa Langa several months before broke in for the trove of rifles and ammunition locked therein, after bloodily slaughtering Jansen's predecessor, Captain Mackenzie. The burning of the vessel was somehow prevented by the black crew, but this was so unprecedented that the owner feared some complicity between them and the attacking party. However, it could not be proved, and we sailed with the majority of this same crew. The present skipper smilingly warned us that the same tribe still required two more heads from the Minota, to square up for deaths on the Ysabel plantation. (p 387)

"Three fruitless days were spent at Su'u. The Minota got no recruits from the bush and the bushmen got no heads from the Minota. We towed out with a whaleboat and ran along the coast to Langa Langa, a large village of salt-water people built with labour on a sand bank – literally built up"

World War 2
The island of Laulasi was the subject of the worst civilian casualties in the Solomon Islands during a bombing raid by American bombers during World War II.

Cultural Practices and Beliefs

The LangaLanga/Wala and Kwara'ae people more or less have the same cultural and traditional practices and follow the same chiefly system. Male children for example are more valued than females because they will continue with the line or tribe. Girls are not so preferred because they leave the community when they get married. Boys are separated from their parents when they are around 12 or 13 years old to live separate in the men's houses. Around that age, they are taught by the fathers basic important skills such as fishing, building houses, making canoes or cutting and sewing sago palm leaves.

Girls on the other hand, they stay with their mother and taught household cores such as cooking, weeding around the house, cleaning and looking after their younger brothers or sisters. One of the important things that girls learn at an early age too is how to make shell money.

Historically, chiefs in the Langalanga lagoon are looked upon as very important in uniting communities. Normally, chiefs are chosen from chiefly tribes or clan. Villages in the past used to have threes chiefs, Fa'atabu who makes offering and communicated with the spirits and ancestors, the Ramo is responsible for tribal warfare and Waenotolo is the chief responsible for controlling, organising, leadership and uniting the whole community.

Priests in Laulasi live in "spirit houses", and when they die, their bodies are taken to the nearby village of Alite to decompose, after which the skulls are brought back and placed in a "house of skulls."

On one side of the island is an inlet where custom priests calls the sharks to come to the surface. The sharks are re-incarnation of the people's ancestors who died many years before. They also offer sacrifices to the sharks in the form of pigs. Ordinary men are not allowed to visit the shark site unless invited by the custom priest.

According to local legend, a fisherman whose boat capsizes at sea may call on a shark to rescue him; after being rescued and returned to shore, he must sacrifice a pig, or else the shark will eat him next time he goes out to sea.

By the 1960s many of the LangaLanga villages were Christian. Many of the communities previously sited on the artificial islands had been shifted to the mainland, with encouragement from the missionaries anxious to promote a clean break with the pagan past, and inducement in the form of greater access to land for subsistence farming.

Economy

Traditionally, there had been substantive trade between the Langalanga people and people from Buin (Bougainville) in shell money until the emergence of the Bougainville crisis. Most of the private ship owners from the constituency generated capital through shell money trade to build their ships. They took shell money to Buin and traded it for cash and used the cash to build wooden boats.

Until recently, it has been a driving business which can be conservatively valued at $50,000 to $100,000 per annum. Shell money products include bracelets, necklaces, Tafuliae, Ha'a (smaller beads shell money used in some parts of the country), ear rings, finger ring, 'head bands' etc.

At present, unfortunately, the industry is slowly declining due to input scarcity. The major supplier of raw material South Malaita is not willing to supply any more shells. The only supplier which still sell raw materials to Langalanga people is Western Province although not reliable and in very small quantity.

Shell money

Stories retold from myths said that the first person to introduce shell money to the Langalanga lagoon was a woman from Buin in Bougainville. She was banished and floated in a coconut shell from Buin to Guadalcanal and finally to Malaita and landed at Tafilo, a village at Lalana near Laulasi.

Shell money has been used as a cultural token that is handed over on marriage (bride-price) or as compensation for a wrong done to a person (such as to the wronged husband following adultery being exposed).

As the production rate increased, shell resources were depleted, particularly in Langalanga lagoon. Even in the 1970s some types of shell were rare. The limited land available for agriculture, has the consequence that the production of shell money is a continuing source of income. The creation of shell money is also an important cultural symbol to the people of the Langalanga lagoon.

Four different types of shell are used in making shell money, A red lipped rock oyster known as "romu" (Chama pacifica in the family Chamidae), white shell known as "ke'e" (Beguina semiorbiculata in the Carditidae), black horse mussel shells called "kurila" (Atrina vexillum in the Pinnidae) and thick white disks from a rigid cockle known as "kakadu" or "kakandu" (Anadara granosa in the Arcidae)

Boatbuilding

The Annual Report on the British Solomon Islands dated 1953 states
"..a flourishing boat building industry has been established and cutters are being built for the inter-island trade. A boatbuilding school has been established.

Generally, the Lanagalanga people are very skilful boat builders. It can be said that it is unique to the constituency. In the early stages people used to build dingies. Later, with improvements in skills, they built what they referred to as "Carter boats" which are sharp at both ends. They used sails to travel around Malaita and to other Islands such as Guadalcanal and Isabel. Commercial boat building in the constituency started in the 1960s around the time when the Government established a boat building school in Auki. Mr. Frank Faulker who used to teach at the school and who now settled in Auki, is said to be the main person behind the success of the industry in Langalanga.

Fishing practices
The people of Langalanga developed fishing practices for the lagoon and the ocean with the fishing usually done from a canoe. A common method is angling, that was formerly carried out using lure hooks made of shell shanks or with baited hooks made of bone or shell. In the lagoon the fishing practices included spearing, netting, and collecting marine invertebrates, including by diving. Some traditional fishing practices have been abandoned include using fish traps (afeafe and ere’ere), the fish-drive (rarabu) using coconut leaves, fish-poisoning, kite-fishing (kwaferao), and angling with a straight hook (lana).

See also
 Youtube video of Laulasi Island

References

Islands of the Solomon Islands
World War II sites in the Solomon Islands
Headhunting
History of the Solomon Islands
Exploration of Asia


Cherokee  is a locality situated in the Macedon Ranges Shire, in Victoria, Australia  north of the state capital, Melbourne.

The settlement as it appears today was created by land subdivision around 1880–1881, although the area was occupied by Europeans before this date. Timber mills and a school were operating by 1865, possibly earlier, in response to the demand for timber created by the Victorian gold rush.

Cherokee Post Office opened on 1 July 1927 and closed in 1955.

References

Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Macedon Ranges


The Deutsches Turn- und Sportfest (German Gym and Sports Celebration) was the last big sports event organized by the Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen, the Sports governing body of the Third Reich. It took place in Breslau (now Wroclaw) the most important city of Silesia, now in Poland. The venue was staged in July 1938 at the city's , later renamed "", following the trademark grandiose style of the Nazi Sports Body.

This highly nationalistic sports event was officially commemorating the 125th anniversary of the historical German Wars of Liberation against Napoleon and the first award of the Iron Cross in the city of Breslau itself in 1813. It was staged as a grand patriotic, expansionist occasion, illustrating the clamor for a Greater Germany to the public. This event gathered German athletes brought from many different parts of the world, like Argentina, South West Africa, Italy, the US and South Africa. It also became a gathering of representatives of German ethnic minorities, mainly from Eastern Europe (Siebenbürgen, Banat) who staged processions dressed in their colorful folkloric costumes, a display of the Nazi Drang nach Osten policies.

Not only sports competitions and athletes' parades took place, but also numerous military, civil, and folklorical-costume processions in the mains streets of the city of Breslau.

Symbolism of the event
The Deutsches Turn- und Sportfest was a highly political event, attended by many high-ranking Nazi officials.
The event was presided over by Reichssportführer (NSRL leader) Hans von Tschammer und Osten and the patron of the festival, Reich minister of the interior Wilhelm Frick. Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking personalities of the Third Reich attended the inaugural venue of the games. During this occasion Hitler gave a speech from the balcony of Hotel Monopol in Breslau.

The event and its celebration of Germanism, as well as the choice of Dr. Wilhelm Frick to lead it, was part of the creation of a war-preparation atmosphere by the Nazi state. Minister of the Interior Frick was the spearheader of Germany's rearmament in violation of the Versailles Treaty. His inaugural speech was full of war symbolism, setting the mood for the events that would culminate the following year with the invasion of nearby Poland, then just a few miles to the east of Breslau.

Viciously attacked and fanatically defended, the city of Breslau would suffer much destruction towards the end of World War II.

Commemorative editions
The Post Office of the Reich issued special stamps and postcards to mark the occasion of the 1939 Breslau Games.

Volk in Leibesübungen (A people into Physical Exercise), a lavishly illustrated commemorative book on the Sportfest was published in Berlin the same year on behalf of the Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten. The pictures of this volume were made by Heinrich Hoffman, Hitler's personal photographer.

Results
Soccer competition results.

The overall winner was Gau Ostmark (Austria).

Final

30 July 1938 Breslau / Ostmark - Niedersachsen 4-1

Third place Play-off

30 July 1938 Breslau / Südwest (1) - Württemberg 5-0

Semifinals

28 July 1938 Breslau / Ostmark - Württemberg 2-0

28 July 1938 Breslau / Niedersachsen - Südwest 4-1

Final (Consolation tournament)

30 July 1938 Breslau / Sachsen - Mittelrhein 1-0

Semifinals (Consolation tournament)

29 July 1938 Breslau / Sachsen - Bavaria 2-1

29 July 1938 Breslau / Mittelrhein - Westphalia 2-1

Quarter-finals (Consolation tournament)

28 July 1938 Breslau / Sachsen - Brandenburg 2-1

28 July 1938 Breslau / Mittelrhein - Baden 5-2

28 July 1938 Breslau / Silesia - Bavaria 1-2

28 July 1938 Breslau / Westphalia - Mitte (2) 4-2

Preliminary round (Consolation tournament)

26 July 1938 Münsterberg / East Prussia - Sachsen 0-2

26 July 1938 Breslau / Mittelrhein - Pommern 6-0

26 July 1938 Brieg / Bavaria - Niederrhein 5-4

26 July 1938 Breslau / Westphalia - Nordmark (3) 4-2

Quarter-finals

26 July 1938 Breslau / Silesia - Ostmark 2-8

26 July 1938 Breslau / Niedersachsen - Brandenburg 3-1

26 July 1938 Breslau / Württemberg - Mitte 5-1

26 July 1938 Breslau / Südwest - Baden 4-3

Eight-finals

24 July 1938 Ratibor / Ostmark - Mittelrhein 3-0

24 July 1938 Liegnitz / Niedersachsen - Sachsen 2-0

24 July 1938 Neisse / Württemberg - Westphalia 3-0

24 July 1938 Waldenburg / Südwest - Bavaria 4-1

24 July 1938 Beuthen / Silesia - Pommern 6-4

24 July 1938 Frankfurt/O. / Brandenburg - East Prussia 3-0

24 July 1938 Görlitz / Mitte - Nordmark (3) 1-0 [aet]

24 July 1938 Schweidnitz / Baden - Niederrhein 4-3

Preliminary round

17 Jul 1938 Weimar / Sachsen - Hessen 4-3

(1) - Palatinate and Saarland. - (2) Thuringia, Anhalt and the Province of Saxony. - (3) Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and Mecklenburg

See also
 Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen
 Lebensraum
 Causes of World War II

Notes and references
 Eyewitness account of the time in Breslau
 Information on sailing events (de)
 Polish-German-English site on Wroclaw

Further reading
Both of these books are propaganda material on the Nazi sports event in Breslau.
 Werner Gärtner, Volk in Leibesübungen. Deutsches Turn- und Sportfest, Breslau 1938. Published on behalf of the Reichssportführer Hans von Tschammer und Osten. Wilhelm Limpert Verlag, Berlin 1938.
 Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler bei dem Deutschen Turn- und Sportfest in Breslau 1938. Verlag Heinrich Hoffmann, Munich 1938.

References

Festivals in Germany
Society of Nazi Germany
1938 in German sport
Sports competitions in Germany
Sports festivals in Germany
1938 festivals
1938 in multi-sport events
July 1938 sports events


Dan Mirvish is an American filmmaker and author, best known as the co-founder of the Slamdance Film Festival and co-creator of the Martin Eisenstadt hoax during the 2008 Presidential election.

Early life and education
Mirvish was born to a Jewish family in Omaha, the son of Linda  and Sidney Mirvish. His father was a prominent cancer researcher at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. In 1985, Mirvish graduated from Omaha Central High School. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Washington University in St. Louis. After school, he worked as a freelance journalist and as a speechwriter for Tom Harkin, U.S. Senator from Iowa before taking a sabbatical to travel around the world. He then returned to California to complete his education in film at the University of Southern California film school.

Career
In 1994, while still in school, he released his first feature film entitled Omaha as his master’s thesis for and then founded the Slamdance Film Festival in Park City, Utah after the film was not accepted at the Sundance Film Festival.

In 2004, Mirvish spearheaded the effort to get the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences to reactivate their Best Original Musical Oscar category. In a controversial move, the Academy canceled the category after Mirvish and others submitted the requisite number of films, including two by Mirvish.

In 2009, he co-authored the satirical novel I Am Martin Eisenstadt: One Man's (Wildly Inappropriate) Adventures with the Last Republicans published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux .

Mirvish directed the film Between Us, based on the play of the same name by Joe Hortua. The four-person drama stars Taye Diggs, Melissa George, David Harbour and Julia Stiles.  The original play premiered at Manhattan Theatre Club, and Hortua and Mirvish co-wrote the screenplay adaptation.  The film version won the grand jury prize at the 2012 Bahamas International Film Festival, and was the Closing Night Film at the 50th Annual Gijón International Film Festival in Spain. The film had its world premiere at the Oldenburg International Film Festival, and also screened at such festivals as Athens International Film Festival, the Hamptons, Woodstock Film Festival, Slamdance Film Festival, Napa Valley Film Festival, and Whistler Film Festival.

In 2016, Mirvish wrote the nonfiction book The Cheerful Subversive's Guide to Independent Filmmaking. The phrase "cheerful subversive" comes from a New York Times article describing the original Slamdance filmmakers.

In 2016, Mirvish directed the feature film Bernard and Huey written by Oscar/Pulitzer/Obie-winner Jules Feiffer.

Mirvish directed the feature film 18½ which had its world premiere at the 2021 Woodstock Film Festival. The film had its international premiere at the São Paulo International Film Festival The film had its European premiere at the Gijón International Film Festival  The film won the Stubbornly Independent Award at the Tallgrass Film Festival in 2021

Mirvish is widely credited as the discoverer of the Hathaway effect, which indicates that when actress Anne Hathaway is in the news, the share price for Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway increases.

He was also a speechwriter for Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa.

Filmography
 18½ (2021)
 Bernard and Huey (2017)
 Between Us (2012)
 The Last Republican (2008)
 Sheldon (2007)
 The Few & the Proud (2007)
 Half Empty (2006)
 A Message from the President of Iran (2006)
 Open House (2004)
 Omaha (1994)

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American filmmakers
American Jews
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Omaha Central High School alumni
People from Omaha, Nebraska
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni


Daniel Theodore Tieman (November 30, 1940 – October 30, 2012) was an American basketball player, coach, and teacher.

Tieman graduated from Covington Catholic High School in Kentucky in 1958, then played basketball and baseball at Villa Madonna College, today known as Thomas More University, graduating in 1962. He was the basketball team's MVP in 1960 and 1961. He appeared in the 1960 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament. In his college career, he recorded 1,454 points and 319 assists. The Kansas City Steers of the American Basketball League drafted Tieman. but was later invited to play with the National Basketball Association's Cincinnati Royals, who were coached by Tieman's college coach, Charlie Wolf. Tieman played in 29 games with the Cincinnati Royals during the 1962–63 NBA season.

After his playing days, he worked at Covington Catholic as a teacher, basketball coach, and administrator. As a basketball coach, he recorded 314 wins.

Tieman was inducted into the Greater Cincinnati Basketball Hall of Fame. He died in 2012 after struggles with cancer.

References

External links
 Dan Tieman at Basketball-Reference

1940 births
2012 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Kentucky
Basketball players from Kentucky
Cincinnati Royals players
Covington Catholic High School alumni
High school basketball coaches in Kentucky
Sportspeople from Covington, Kentucky
Thomas More Saints men's basketball players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players


Udusan is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It sits between the counties of Yangpyeong and Yeoju. Udusan has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of Gyeonggi Province
Yeoju
Yangpyeong County
Mountains of South Korea


Amy Balliett (born October 1982, Cleveland) is an American entrepreneur and gay rights activist living in Seattle, Washington. She is best known for being the founder and CEO of Killer Visual Strategies, an award-winning visual communication agency located in Seattle.

Early life
At age 17, Balliett became the manager of the Linwood Park Stand. The stand was already an established penny candy store and ice cream parlor in the center of the park. Balliett managed the business for two summers before attending college at Wright State University for two quarters. In the spring of 2002, Balliett transferred from Wright State to Cleveland State University to attend CSU's First College program. In just two and a half years, she graduated with a four-year BFA in Cinematography with a minor in Diversity Marketing.

Career
Upon graduation, Balliett moved to Seattle, Washington in 2004, where she started working in motion-picture marketing before fully moving into marketing. She has headed SEO at several companies. She and Nick Grant started the 7 Figure Project under which they created ZippyCart.com and OurtBeat.com, both of which were eventually sold.

Balliett made news in 2008 as the person responsible for starting the Join the Impact organization with friend Willow Witte in response to the passage of Proposition 8 in California during the 2008 US elections. Join the Impact organized the National Day of Protest on November 15, 2008. The protest took place in more than 400 cities in every state in the country and in ten countries around the world. The protest was attended by an estimated one million people worldwide.

Balliett is included on a list of out influential people in The Advocate's "Forty under 40" issue of June/July 2009.

Baillett enjoys public speaking and has spoken at Adobe MAX (2013) and Cloudinary's ImageCon in 2019, and has lectured at institutions such as School of Visual Concepts, LinkedIn Learning, and Vancouver Community College.

In 2009, Balliett and her co-founder Nick Grant partnered to build lead generation–based websites. Balliett invested $750. In the fall of 2010, the business pivoted to an entirely new model: visual communication design. In the years since, Killer Infographics has become the leader in its industry, driving visual strategy and campaigns for such global brands as Microsoft, Boeing, Adobe, Nikon, Starbucks, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the United Nations.  In 2019, Killer changed its name to Killer Visual Strategies. Nick Grant left the company in 2017 and it was acquired by LRW Group in early 2019 in what Balliett calls a partnership.

Personal life
Balliett has an older brother and sister. Their mom owned a fabric store and their dad sold hydraulics for a major firm in Ohio; they are both entrepreneurs. Balliett met her wife Jessica Trejo in 2006 at a coffee shop concert in Seattle's Capitol Hill; the couple married in California in 2008 a month before the state stopped granting marriage licenses to same-sex couples.

References

1982 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Cleveland
American LGBT rights activists
Wright State University alumni
Activists from Ohio


Futalaufquen Lake (Lago Futalaufquen) is a large lake in Chubut Province, Argentina.   Futalaufquen Lake is in the chain of lakes of the Futaleufú River system of Argentina which via Yelcho Lake and the Yelcho River flows into the Pacific Ocean in Chile. Located in the Andes, Lake Futalaufquen is three-lobed, of glacial origin, and occupies narrow valleys between glaciated peaks. It is located in the Andes within Los Alerces National Park. The name comes from the Mapuche language.  "Futa" means great, and "laufquen" means lake.

A highway runs along the eastern arm of the lake. Tourist facilities and the National Park headquarters and Futalaufquen village are there.  Fishing for trout is popular in the lake.

Description

The Arrayanes River flows about  to Futalaufquen Lake after collecting the outflow from Lake Menéndez and Lake Rivadavia. The Arrayanes River is named after the trees of the same name found along its banks (the Arrayanes tree is commonly called the Chilean Myrtle in English). The Arrayanes River is noted for its scenery and sport fishing, especially for rainbow trout, an introduced species.

The outlet for Futalaufquen Lake is the western arm.  The lake flows through a narrow passage called the "Monster Narrows" (estrecho de los monstruos) into Kruger Lake,  in size. The Narrows acquired that name because of the large trout that can be seen in the crystal-clear water. The outflow from Kruger Lake is called the Frey River which flows into Amutui Quimey Reservoir, the next large lake in the chain.

Sources

Lakes of Chubut Province
Patagonia
Lakes of Argentina


The Accidental Gangster and the Mistaken Courtesan (; literally "Gibang riot in 1724") is a 2008 South Korean action comedy film. The film depicts the gangster culture of Joseon Dynasty Korea and is based on an actual fight that occurred at a kisaeng house in 1724. The film was directed by Yeo Kyun-dong, and stars Lee Jung-jae—in his first film role for three years—alongside Kim Ok-bin. Costumes for the film were created by fashion designer André Kim.

Premise
The film is set in Joseon Dynasty Korea, 1724. Cheon-doong, a hoodlum from a small village, meets and falls in love with Seol-ji, a kisaeng at Myeongwolhyang, a luxurious bar. One day he gets into a fight with the head of the Yangjoo gang, but later faces a crisis when the palace decides to crack down on gang activity at Myeongwolhyang. In his pursuit of Seol-ji, Cheon-doong inadvertently incurs the anger of the top-ranking gangster in the area, Man-deuk (Kim Suk Hoon).

Cast
 Lee Jung-jae as Cheon-doong
 Kim Ok-bin as Seol-ji
 Kim Suk-hoon as Man-deuk
 Baek Do-bin as Se-jae
 Yeo Gyoon-dong as Jjak-gwi
 Lee Won-jong as Chil-gab
 Jeong Jae-hyeong as Bong-dal
 Jo Deok-hyeon as Sam Gook-ji
 Lee Won-jae as Excellency Song
 Hong Seok-cheon as tailor shop owner (cameo)

Release
The Accidental Gangster and the Mistaken Courtesan was released in South Korea on 3 December 2008, a day earlier than originally scheduled.

References

External links

2008 films
2008 action comedy films
2000s historical action films
2000s historical comedy films
Films about organized crime in Korea
Films directed by Yeo Kyun-dong
Films set in the 1720s
Films set in the Joseon dynasty
2000s Korean-language films
Sidus Pictures films
South Korean action comedy films
South Korean historical action films
South Korean historical comedy films
2000s South Korean films


Robert La Castra (born in England)  is an Australian local politician who was a popular children's television show presenter in the 1980s, best known for hosting the children's show Wombat and the game show Big Square Eye. He went on to write for ABC Television's Bananas in Pyjamas with his production company Little Production House.

He also played Eddie Buckingham in the Network Ten soap opera Neighbours in 1990.

La Castra is currently a City of Gold Coast councillor, first elected in 1997.

References

External links
Little Production House

1960 births
Living people
Queensland local councillors
Australian television presenters
Australian television writers
Australian male television actors
Australian male television writers
English emigrants to Australia


The Lower Nyack Snowshoe Cabin, built in 1927 in Glacier National Park, is a significant resource both architecturally and historically as a shelter about one day's travel north of the Theodore Roosevelt Highway for patrolling backcountry rangers. The design originated at Yellowstone National Park, adapted in this case with a somewhat larger size.

See also
Upper Nyack Snowshoe Cabin

References

Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Residential buildings completed in 1927
Log cabins in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
1927 establishments in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier National Park
Rustic architecture in Montana


The Capitol Theatre was a movie palace located at 1645 Broadway, just north of Times Square in New York City, across from the Winter Garden Theatre. Designed by  theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, the Capitol originally had a seating capacity of 5,230 and opened October 24, 1919. After 1924 the flagship theatre of the Loews Theatres chain, the Capitol was known as the premiere site of many Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) films. The Capitol was also noted for presenting live musical revues and many jazz and swing bands on its stage.

History

The Capitol was one of the first of the large lavish movie theaters that dominated the film exhibition business for the next 40 years, built by Messmore Kendall as one of New York’s first cinema palaces, through his realty company, Moredall Realty Company.

It opened on October 24, 1919 with the New York premiere of United Artists' first production, His Majesty, the American. The theater was acquired in 1924 by the entertainment magnate Marcus Loew and became the flagship of his deluxe Loew's Theatres chain.

The Capitol was the frequent site of the world premieres of films made by the Loew's-owned Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio. The Wizard of Oz (1939) had its first New York run at the theatre. Jerry Lewis started as an usher at the theatre.

After having been converted for the presentation of Cinerama wide screen films in 1964, the theater's last engagement was MGM's 2001: A Space Odyssey, which opened on April 3, 1968. The Capitol closed September 16, 1968 with a live all-star benefit featuring Bob Hope and Johnny Carson. The theatre was replaced by the Uris Building (now Paramount Plaza) office tower.

Radio
Airing for the first time in November 1922, The Capitol Theatre Family Show was a 45–60 minute program, eventually broadcast Mondays on the NBC Blue Network March 7, 1927 – July 27, 1931.

Leo Zeitlin (1884–1930) was a violinist, violist, conductor and impresario who was active in Saint Petersburg's Society for Jewish Folk Music. In 1923, he emigrated to New York, where he became the violist and arranger for the Capitol Theatre. In 1925, he began arranging orchestral and small ensemble pieces for the Capitol's radio program on WEAF, which became the flagship station of the NBC Radio Network in 1926.

Beginning in 1926, the series of light classical concerts titled Capitol Theatre was broadcast by the NBC Red Network on Sunday evenings from 7:20pm to 9:15pm. This series continued until 1929, not long before Zeitlin's death.

See also
Old Gold on Broadway

References

External links

Capitol Theatre at Cinema Treasures
Capitol Theatre scrapbooks, 1920-1956, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

Movie palaces
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Former theatres in Manhattan
Theatres completed in 1919
1919 establishments in New York City
Buildings and structures demolished in 1968
1920s American radio programs
Demolished theatres in New York City
Demolished buildings and structures in Manhattan
American classical music radio programs
Loew's Theatres buildings and structures
Broadway (Manhattan)
NBC radio programs
NBC Blue Network radio programs
Thomas W. Lamb buildings
1968 disestablishments in New York (state)


Yebongsan is a mountain near the city of Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province


Sri Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung Sri Dharmodaya Mahasambu was the king of the Kingdom of Mataram. He reigned circa 899–911. His territories included Central Java, East Java, and Bali.

In 907 he created the Mantyasih inscription (also known as Balitung's charter), containing the list of Mataram kings. He also mentioned in Kaladi inscription (c. 909 CE).

Rise to power
Historians such as Boechari and Poerbatjaraka argued that Dyah Balitung became the king as a result of his marriage to the daughter of his predecessor. It was speculated that his predecessor and his father-in-law is Rakai Watuhumalang, who according to the stele of Mantyasih ruled before Balitung.

However, the reason Balitung inherited the kingdom may not be that of marrying the King's daughter, since he also had a son, Mpu Daksa, according to the stele of Telahap. An alternative explanation could be that after Rakai Kayuwangi's death, the kingdom was broken. This is confirmed with Maharaja Rakai Gurunwangi's stele of Munggu Antan and Rakai Limus Dyah Dewendra's stele of Poh Dulur.

It has been suggested that Dyah Balitung became a hero by defeating Rakai Gurunwangi and Rakai Limus, and thus uniting the divided kingdoms. As a result, the people elected Balitung as King in favour of his brother-in-law, Mpu Daksa.

Reign
During his rule, the palace was moved to Poh Pitu area and named Yawapura. It has been suggested that this is because the former palace, Mamratipura, built by Rakai Pikatan, was badly damaged as a result of war between Rakai Kayuwangi and Rakai Gurunwangi.

The oldest stele under the name of Balitung is the stele of Telahap, dated 11 September 899. However, it is possible he ascended the throne before 899. The next stele is Watukura, dated 27 July 902. This is the oldest stele that mentions the existence of the position of Rakryan Kanuruhan (Prime Minister). Meanwhile, the position of Rakryan Mapatih in Balitung's era is equivalent that of a crown prince, held by Mpu Daksa.

The stele of Telang, dated 11 January 904, mentions the development of a complex named Paparahuan, led by Rakai Welar Mpu Sudarsana, located on the verge of the Bengawan Solo river. Balitung freed the villages in Paparahuan and its surroundings from tax, and forbid the local inhabitants to collect payment from people who crossed the river. The stele of Poh (17 July 905) states that the village of Poh was freed from tax in return for taking care of Sang Hyang Caitya and Silunglung, properties of the previous ruler Rakai Pikatan, the grandfather of Mpu Daksa and Balitung's consort.

The stele of Kubu-Kubu (17 October 905) describes the gift given to Rakryan Hujung Dyah Mangarak and Rakryan Matuha Dyah Majawuntan in form of a village, Kubu-Kubu, as they both conquered the Bantan area. Historians speculate that Bantan might be an alternative name to Bali. Bantan means "sacrifice", while Bali means "offering".

The stele of Mantyasih (11 April 907) describes the gift given to five junior  because they kept the peace during Balitung's wedding. Also mentioned in this stele is the previous ruler of the kingdom before Balitung. In 907, Balitung offered the village of Rukam to his grandmother, Rakryan Sanjiwana.

The end of an era
The accession of Balitung as king may have caused the previous king's son, Mpu Daksa, to become jealous. During the rule of his brother-in-law, Mpu Daksa held the position of Rakai Hino as described in a stele dated 21 December 910 about the partition of the Taji Gunung area between him and Rakai Gurunwangi. According to the stele of Plaosan, Rakai Gurunwangi is rumoured to be the son of Rakai Pikatan.

Historians speculate that Rakai Gurunwangi allied himself with Mpu Daksa, his nephew, as they are the son and grandson of Rakai Pikatan.

The historian Boechari is certain that the rule of Balitung ended as a result of Mpu Daksa's rebellion. According to the stele of Taji Gunung (910), Daksa was still as Rakai Hino, while by the stele of Timbangan Wungkal (913), he had already ascended the throne as king.

References

 Marwati Poesponegoro & Nugroho Notosusanto. 1990. Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid II. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka
 Slamet Muljana. 2005. Menuju Puncak Kemegahan (terbitan ulang 1965). Yogyakarta: LKIS
 Slamet Muljana. 2006. Sriwijaya (terbitan ulang 1960). Yogyakarta: LKIS

See also

 Kingdom of Mataram
 History of Indonesia

Indonesian Hindu monarchs
History of Java
Mataram Kingdom
10th-century Indonesian people
9th-century Indonesian people


Balmacara Square () is a small village, close to Balmacara, in Lochlash, Scottish Highlands and is in the council area of Highland.

Balmacara Square was traditionally the centre of the Balmacara Estate, some  in size, with a number of crofts, farmhouses and a steading being built, until it gradually developed to over 40 households. In 1946, the village was bequeathed to the National Trust for Scotland. It recently underwent extensive renovation which is still continuing.

References

Populated places in Lochalsh


Donald Johnson Greene (November 21, 1914 – May 13, 1997) was a literary critic, English professor, and scholar of British literature, particularly the eighteenth-century period. Known especially for his work on Samuel Johnson, he also wrote on later authors such as Jane Austen, Evelyn Waugh, Graham Greene, and Donald Davie.

Early life

Greene was born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada. He began teaching in rural elementary schools and was a non-degreed teacher in Saskatchewan and Alberta. World War II interrupted his academic pursuits; from 1941 to 1945 Greene was a lieutenant and captain in the Royal Canadian Artillery. Following the war he received a graduate fellowship from the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire, and he received his M.A. in 1948 at the University College, London. He twice received a Guggenheim Fellowship, in 1957 and 1979.

Career

Greene had achieved a considerable scholarly contribution even before graduating, with commentary on Samuel Johnson appearing in Notes and Queries, PMLA, Modern Language Notes, and the Review of English Studies.  Later, he was the editor of Eighteenth-Century Studies and Johnsonian News Letter, along with holding the position as president of the Johnson Society and served on the board of directors for the Johnson Society of Southern California.

He taught at the University of Saskatchewan beginning in 1948 and in 1952 he began Ph.D. studies in Columbia University's English department, whose faculty included James L. Clifford — another Samuel Johnson specialist — and Marjorie Hope Nicolson. Greene taught at six other universities, including Brandeis University, the University of California at Riverside, the University of New Mexico, the University of Toronto, and the University of Wisconsin. He ended his career as Leo S. Bing Professor of English at the University of Southern California from 1968 to 1984.

Selected works
 Johnsonian studies, 1887–1950: a survey and bibliography (with James Clifford). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1951.
 The politics of Samuel Johnson. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1960.
 Samuel Johnson: A Collection of Critical Essays (Twentieth Century Views series). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1965.
 The age of exuberance; backgrounds to eighteenth-century English literature. New York: Random House, 1970.
 Samuel Johnson (Twayne's English Authors Series). New York: Twayne Publishers, 1970.
 Samuel Johnson; a survey and bibliography of critical studies (with James Clifford). 	Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1970.
 Samuel Johnson's library : an annotated guide. Victoria: University of Victoria, 1975.
 Political writings (Volume 10 of the Yale Complete Works of Samuel Johnson series). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.
 Samuel Johnson; a collection of critical essays. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1984.
 Greene centennial studies : essays presented to Donald Greene in the centennial year of the University of Southern California (with Paul Korshin and  Robert Allen). Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia, 1984.
 Samuel Johnson (Oxford Authors). New York : Oxford University Press, 1984.
 A bibliography of Johnsonian studies, 1970–1985 (with John Vance). Victoria: University of Victoria, 1987.
 Samuel Johnson: Updated Edition (Twayne's English Authors Series). Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989.
 Samuel Johnson: The major works (Oxford World Classics). Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000.

Notes

References
 Greene, Donald Johnson. "About the Author" in Samuel Johnson: Updated Edition by Donald Greene, Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989.
 Greene, Donald Johnson and John Lawrence Abbott. "Introduction" in The Selected Essays of Donald Greene. Bucknell University Press, 2004.
 Greene, R.W. Donald Greene, 1914-1997. Riverside: Inland Printworks, 1998.

American literary critics
Canadian literary critics
University of Southern California faculty
Academic staff of the University of Saskatchewan
1914 births
1997 deaths
People from Moose Jaw
20th-century American non-fiction writers


Time Release is a crime novel by the American writer Martin J. Smith (1956-) set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

It tells the story of a killer who used pain relief capsules, as well as other techniques, to set off a series of poisonings. It also focuses on repressed memories and if, when and how they will come out. The protagonist is psychologist and memory expert Jim Christensen who tries to solve the case.

Sources
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2006. PEN (Permanent Entry Number):  0000132047.

External links
  Martin J. Smith website

1997 American novels
American crime novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh


Andrea Douglas Hull  (born 13 March 1949) is an Australian academic, and was appointed the Director of the Victorian College of the Arts (VCA) in 1995, the college's longest standing director. Hull announced her retirement to commence in March 2009 "to pursue other interests" despite the University of Melbourne music faculty board's decision to abolish the VCA's name as part of a restructure. VCA became a faculty of the university in 2007.

Hull came under much scrutiny from the Victorian College of the Arts Student Union (VCASU) during her tenure as director, particularly during the implementation of the controversial Melbourne Model.

Hull was also a board member of Breast Cancer Network Australia, the peak national organisation for Australians affected by breast cancer from 2008 to 2015. She was a member of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Advisory Council from December 2014 to December 2019.

Hull was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2003 Queen's Birthday Honours for "service to the arts, to arts education, and to policy development, particularly through improving community access and involvement in cultural pursuits".

References

External links
 Andrea D Hull Profile
 Breast Cancer Network Australia – Board members: Andrea Hull

1949 births
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Melbourne
University of Melbourne alumni
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Officers of the Order of Australia


The New Yam Festival of the Igbo people (known as Orureshi in Idoma, or Iwa ji, Iri ji, Ike ji, or Otute depending on dialect) is an annual cultural festival by the Igbo people that is held at the end of the rainy season in early August.

The Iri ji festival (literally "new-yam eating") is practiced throughout West Africa (especially in Nigeria and Ghana) and other African countries and beyond. It symbolizes the conclusion of a harvest and the beginning of the next work cycle. The celebration is a cultural occasion tying individual Igbo communities together as essentially agrarian and dependent on yam.

Igbo tradition

Yams are among the first set of crops to be planted at the beginning of the planting season. Between April and August, early crops such as maize, cocoyams, and pumpkins are harvested and eaten without fanfare. The New Yam Festival is, therefore, a celebration depicting the prominence of yam in the social-cultural life of the Igbo people. In some Igbo communities, all old yams (from the previous year's crop) must be consumed or discarded on the eve of the New Yam Festival.The next day, only dishes of yam are served at the feast, as the festival is symbolic of the abundance of the produce.

Though the style and methods may differ from one community to the next, the essential components that make up the festival remain the same. In some communities, the celebration lasts a whole day, while in many places it may last a week or more. These festivities normally include a variety of entertainments and ceremonies, including the performance of rites by the Igwe (King), or the eldest man, and cultural dances by Igbo men, women, and their children. The festival features Igbo cultural activities in the form of contemporary shows, masquerade dances, and fashion parades.

Ịwa-ji ceremony

Usually, at the beginning of the festival, the yams are offered to the gods and ancestors first before distributing them to the villagers. The ritual is performed either by the oldest man in the community or by the king or eminent titleholder. This man also offers the yams to god, deities, and ancestors by showing gratitude to the supreme deity for his protection and kindness in leading them from lean periods to the time of bountiful harvest without deaths resulting from hunger.  After the prayer of thanksgiving to their god, they eat the first yam because It is believed that their position bestows the privilege of being intermediaries between their communities and the gods of the land. The rituals are meant to express the gratitude of the community to the gods for making the harvest possible, and they are widely followed despite more modern changes due to the influence of Christianity in the area. This, therefore, explains the three aspects of the Igbo worldview, that they are pragmatic, religious, and appreciative.

The day is symbolic of enjoyment after the cultivation season, and the plenty is shared with friends and well-wishers. A variety of festivities mark the eating of new yam. Folk dances, masquerades, parades, and parties create an experience that some participants characterize as "art"; the colorful festival is a spectacle of exhibited joy, thanks, and community display.

The yam used for the main ritual at the festival is usually roasted and served with palm oil (mmanụ nri). Iwa ji also shares some similarities with the Asian Mid-Autumn Festival, as both are based on the cycles of the moon and are essentially community harvest festivals.

This event is important in the calendar of Igbo people all over the world.

The harvest of yam and the celebration of the gods of the land through the New Yam festival is an epitome of the people's religious belief in the supreme deity. The coming of the new moon in August marks the preparation for the great "Iri Ji Ohu" festival, but the time and mode of preparation differs from community to community.

The New Yam festival is a highly captivating art event. The colourful festival is a visual spectacle of coherence, of dance, of joy and feasting, an annual display for community members, to mark the end of the cultivation season, a festival where the people express their gratitude to those that helped them reap a bountiful harvest.

See also

 Ikeji festival
 Ito Ogbo Festival
 Ogwu Ekpeye

References

External links

Igbo culture
Igbo society
Food and drink festivals in Ghana
Yam festivals
Food and drink festivals in Nigeria
August observances
Religious festivals in Africa
Festivals in Ghana
Cultural festivals in Nigeria
Festivals in Nigeria


Sam Mason (born 1968) is a British radio and television presenter.

Mason began her broadcasting career in the late 1980s as a continuity announcer for HTV West and presented the station's overnight strand Night Club (also broadcast on HTV Wales). She later progressed onto presenting HTV News bulletins and presenting various regional programmes including makeover show The House, local music contest First Cut, interior design series Living it Up! and topical debate programme Late & Live. She also presented and researched Custom Choppers for Men & Motors in 2007.

Mason later joined BBC Radio Bristol as a freelance presenter for two years, then went on to present a Sunday morning show and latterly, from 29 September 2008 until her dismissal in November 2008, the station's weekday afternoon show.

BBC dismissal

On 8 November 2008, after coming off air from a weekday afternoon show, Mason was suspended by BBC Radio Bristol following an incident in which she made allegedly racist remarks made in an off-air phone conversation during a weekday afternoon show. Whilst phoning a taxi firm in order to send her 14-year-old daughter from Mason's Clifton home to her grandparents' home, she was said to have asked the company not to send an Asian driver. The day after her suspension, Mason was told by the BBC that she would no longer be working for the Corporation. The phone call was illegally recorded by an operator for Streamline Black & White and sent to The Sun. The taxi company says the operator has since been sacked.

Mason was previously convicted in 2003 and 2004 of speeding and public order offences, whilst battling alcohol addiction.

Personal life
Mason is the ex-wife of millionaire business man, Andrew Bush, from Bristol, who was murdered at his home near Marbella on the Costa del Sol by a former girlfriend in April 2014. They have a daughter, Ellie.

In May 2018 she was found guilty of assault by Scarborough magistrates court.  She was given a nine-month prison sentence, which was suspended for two years because of her personal problems, the steps she had taken to beat her alcohol addiction and “the realistic prospect of rehabilitation”. She was also ordered to carry out 100 hours’ unpaid work, complete a 30-day rehabilitation programme and given a two-year restraining order.

References

External links
Official website

1968 births
Living people
English radio DJs
British television presenters
English television presenters


Christoph W. Bauer  (born 1968 in Kolbnitz) is an Austrian author. He grew up in Lienz and Kirchberg in Tirol and is currently living in Innsbruck.

His works have been awarded with the Prize of the Academy of Graz (2001), with the Reinhard-Priessnitz-Prize (2001) and the Prize for Lyricism by the city Innsbruck (2002). Furthermore, he won the 2002 Audience Award of the Ingeborg-Bachmann-Competition in Klagenfurt. Christoph W. Bauer was also chief editor of the literary journal Wagnis.

Christoph W. Bauer explains his work as a continuation of existing traditions. He identifies himself with a poeta legens, who finds, changes, renews and continues topics from the world literature.

Publications
 wege verzweigt, poems, Haymon, 1999
 die mobilität des wassers müßte man mieten können, poems, Haymon, 2001
 fontanalia.fragmente, poems and prose, Haymon Verlag, 2003,
 Aufstummen, novel, Haymon, 2004,
 supersonic, poems, Edition Korrespondenzen, 2005,
 Und immer wieder Cordoba, radio play (premiere: ORF Landesstudio Tirol, 2006
 Ahoi!, poams Haymon Verlag, 2007 (Hrsg.)
 Miles G., play (premiere: 1 March 2007, Westbahntheater/Innsbruck)
 Im Alphabet der Häuser. Roman einer Stadt, Haymon, 2007,
 Graubart Boulevard, Haymon, 2008,

External links

 http://www.cewebe.com

Austrian male writers
1968 births
Living people


The Lords of Brederode (Heeren van Brederode) were a noble family from Holland who played an important role during the Middle Ages and the Early modern period. The family had a high noble rank and hold the titles Count of Brederode, Count of Gennep, and furthermore they ruled the souverain Lordship of Vianen, the Viscountship of Utrecht among other feudal titles.

History
The Lords of Brederode descendant from the Counts of Holland and the powerful Van Teylingen family (see Slot Teylingen, about halfway between Haarlem and Leiden). Dirk I van Brederode, also called Dirk van Teylingen, built the Brederode castle. The earliest documented members appear in the 13th century in the region of Santpoort, at Castle Brederode.

The lords of Brederode already had enormous influence in the 13th century. Their partisanship with John of Avesnes, Count of Holland was not without importance, but it increased when the dispute between the Hoeks and the Cods broke out in 1350. The Brederode were the hereditary leaders of the Hoeks, the noble party, and the Van Arkels and Egmonds, the rival dynasties, their opponents.

Walraven I van Brederode (1370–1417) acquired the title of Count of Gennep and the sovereign rule of Vianen. His son Reinoud II van Brederode (1415–1473) became hereditary burgrave of the city of Utrecht. The Brederodes, high-spirited due to their constantly growing possessions, their high reputation and their almost princely dignity, were always characterized by their pride. Reinouds II grandson Reinoud III van Brederode claimed the county of Holland under Charles V and was thus deprived of his dignity and property as a high traitor. But since his claims never had any real weight, he got them back from the emperor. Reinouds III second son was Hendrick, count of Brederode (1531-1568), the leader of the allied Dutch nobles, the so-called Compromise of Nobles of 1566 and the Geuzen. During the Protestant Reformation the Van Brederode family left Holland and their properties were confiscated by the government. Their descendants sued the government, but when the decision came in their favor the main family line had died out in 1679 with Wolfert van Brederode (1649-1679), son of Jan Wolfart van Brederode (1599-1655), Field Marshal of the Republic of the United Netherlands. The debt to the unknown heirs is still on the Netherlands State Budget ("Nederlandse staatsbegroting"). Currently the Dutch monarch is entitled to the interest of the capital (Queen Wilhelmina was the first to be entitled to this money). In 1967 the sum was said to be around 3.000 million Dutch guilders.

Other Brederodes
The Van der Duyn family, later raised to the rank of count, also descended from the Lords of Brederode. An illegitimate line, Heeren von Bolswaert, who held the title "Reichsgraf von Brederode" (Imperial Count) continued until 1832. Furthermore, it is said that there is still a non-noble line of the Brederode family today. This family claim that their roots goes back to Dirk Walravensz van Brederode, who was later declared the legitimate son of Walraven van Brederode († 1369), the younger brother of Reinoud I van Brederode.

Heraldry
The coat of arms of the family is depicted in the medieval Gelre Armorial (folio 83r).

Family tree
 William van Teylingen (1156–1203)
 Dirk I van Brederode (1180–1236) m. Alveradis van Heusden
 William I van Brederode (1236–1285) m. Hildegonde van Voorne d.1302
 Dirk II van Brederode (1252–1318) m. Maria van der Lecke
 Katharina van Brederode (-1372) m. John I, Lord of Polanen
 William II van Brederode (-1316) m. Elisabeth von Kleve
 Dirk III van Brederode (1308–1377) m. Beatrix van Valkenburg  d.1354
Reinoud I van Brederode (1336–1390) m. Johanna van Gennep d.1413
 Jan I van Brederode (1370/72–1415)
 Walraven I van Brederode (1370/73–1417) m.  Johanna van Vianen en Ameide  d. 1418
 Reinoud II van Brederode (1415–1473) m. Yolanthe de Lalaing  d. 1497
 Walraven II van Brederode (1455–1531) m. Margaretha van Borselen d. 1507
 Reinoud III van Brederode (15??–1584) m. Philippine von der Marck, d. 1539
 Hendrick van Brederode (1531–1568) m. Amalia von Neuenahr  d.1602
 Wolfert van Brederode (1495-1548) m.  Adriana Back van Asten
 Reinoud IV van Brederode (1520–1584)m. Margaretha van Doorne
 Walraven III van Brederode (1547–1614) m. Gulielma van Haeften
 Floris van Brederode (-1599) m. Dorothea van Haeften
 Walraven IV van Brederode (1596–1620)
 Joan Wolfert van Brederode (1599–1655)m.1 Anne Joanne of Nassau-Siegen (1594-1636) m.2 Louise Christina zu Solms-Braunfels  (1606-1669)
 Amalia Margaretha van Brederode (1625-1663)
 Frans van Brederode (1465-1490)
Gijsbrecht van Brederode (1416-1475)
William van Brederode (1380-1451)

See also
Castle Brederode

Literature
 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln Band XVIII (2012) Tafel 39–40.

Notes

Dutch noble families
People from Velsen


The Upper Nyack Snowshoe Cabin, built in 1926 in Glacier National Park, is a significant resource both architecturally and historically as a shelter, usually 8–12 miles apart, for patrolling backcountry rangers. The design is similar to that used in Yellowstone National Park, which was in turn adapted from U.S. Forest Service shelters, which were themselves adaptations of trapper cabins. Upper Nyack retains some original interior furnishings, including hanging beds.

See also
Lower Nyack Snowshoe Cabin

References

Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Residential buildings completed in 1932
Log cabins in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
1926 establishments in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier National Park
Rustic architecture in Montana
1932 establishments in Montana


Yeoninsan is a mountain in the county of Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Gapyeong County
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province


Élmer Ángel Acevedo Aguilar (27 January 1949 – 30 August 2017) was a footballer from El Salvador.

Club career
Born in La Libertad Department, he moved to study in Santa Ana and joined the youth team of local club FAS, aged 16.

After six years in the first team, Acevedo retired in 1972 due to a serious injury to his left leg.

International career
Acevedo represented El Salvador at the 1968 Olympic Games and in 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification, where he scored in 1 match against Honduras which sparked the infamous Football War. He also was a non-playing member of their 1970 World Cup Finals squad in Mexico.

He died on 30 August 2017, in Acajutla, Sonsonate, El Salvador.

References

1949 births
2017 deaths
People from La Libertad Department (El Salvador)
Men's association football forwards
Salvadoran men's footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for El Salvador
Footballers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
1970 FIFA World Cup players
C.D. FAS footballers


Eating the Cheshire Cat is a 2000 novel by Helen Ellis. It follows three girls from Alabama—Sarina, Nicole, and Bitty Jack—as they grow up.

Notes

External links
In Person Helen Ellis at BookPeople, The Austin Chronicle.
Paperbacks, The Independent.
Eating the Cheshire Cat , Entertainment Weekly.

2000 American novels
American bildungsromans
Novels set in Alabama
2000 debut novels


David Cameron (born 1966) is a former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom who served from 2010 to 2016.

David Cameron may also refer to:

Sports

Football
 David Cameron (Australian footballer) (born 1964), Australian rules footballer
 David Cameron (footballer, born 1895) (1895–1953), Scottish footballer
 David Cameron (footballer, born 1902), Scottish footballer
 David Cameron (footballer, born 1936) (1936–2006), Scottish footballer
 Dave Cameron (footballer) (born 1975), English football player and manager

Other sports
 Dave Cameron (ice hockey) (born 1958), Canadian ice hockey player
 David Cameron (darts player) (born 1969), Canadian darts player
 Dave Cameron (administrator) (born 1971), West Indies Cricket Board president, 2013–present
 David Cameron (rower) (born 1974), Australian rower
 Dave Cameron (baseball analyst) (born 1980), sports journalist

Other uses
 David Cameron (jurist) (1804–1872), first Chief Justice of the Crown Colony of Vancouver Island
 David Young Cameron (1865–1945), Scottish painter and etcher
 David Cameron, Australian actor in My First Wife
 David Cameron (Queer as Folk), a character on Queer as Folk

See also
 Premiership of David Cameron, his premiership


Shadow Image is a crime novel by the American writer Martin J. Smith (1956-) set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

It tells the story of psychologist Jim Christensen's work with Alzheimer's patients and his studies in repressed memory. Now, his most famous patient, the grand matriarch of a powerful political family, has injured herself in a fall. As Christensen studies his patient's art therapy paintings, he unveils a secret locked within the woman's mind that could destroy her family's political ambitions.

Sources
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2006. PEN (Permanent Entry Number):  0000132047.

External links
  Martin J. Smith website

1998 American novels
American crime novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Berkley Books books


Ocimum americanum, known as American basil, lime basil, or hoary basil, is a species of annual herb in the family Lamiaceae. Despite the misleading name, it is native to Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia. The species is naturalized in Queensland, Christmas Island, and parts of tropical America.

Description and uses
It is a hairy annual herbaceous plant that grows up to 40 cm tall, with toothed, opposite leaves and small, white or purple flowers in clusters. The plant has a long taproot that extends deep into the ground. The entire plant is highly aromatic, with an odor comparable to citrus. As such, it can be used for culinary purposes in similar ways to sweet basil (O. basilicum). It is also used for essential oil whose scent appears to be a natural blend between that of lime peels and that of O. basilicum. The plant has medicinal properties as well.

References

External links

americanum
Plants described in 1755
Flora of Africa
Flora of Asia
Medicinal plants
Herbs
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


Ojo Caliente is an unincorporated community in Taos County, New Mexico, United States, along the Rio Ojo Caliente.

Description
Ojo Caliente lies along U.S. Route 285 near the Rio Grande between Española and Taos, approximately  north of Santa Fe, the state capital. The community consist mainly of small farms irrigated by acequias fed by water from the Rio Ojo Caliente.

The community, known for its Ojo Caliente Hot Springs, is one of the oldest health resorts in North America. Tewa tradition holds that its pools provided access to the underworld. Frank Mauro purchased the springs in 1932, and it remained a family business for three generations. The resort's buildings are on the National Register of Historic Places. The nearby Ojo Caliente Hot Springs Round Barn, built in 1924, is also listed on the National Register.

References

Unincorporated communities in Taos County, New Mexico
Unincorporated communities in New Mexico


Yongmunsan is a mountain in the county of Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of Gyeonggi Province
Yangpyeong County
Mountains of South Korea


Acadieville is a small rural community in New Brunswick, Canada situated on the Kouchibouguac River west of Kouchibouguac National Park. Acadieville has approximately 600 people.  The population is mostly French Acadian.  The Route is on Route 480.

History

Education

Notable people

See also
List of communities in New Brunswick

References

Settlements in New Brunswick
Communities in Kent County, New Brunswick


Ojo Caliente may mean:

Populated places
 Ojo Caliente, New Mexico, a community in Taos County, New Mexico
 Ojocaliente, Zacatecas, a medium-sized town in Mexico

Other
 Ojo Caliente (Socorro County, New Mexico), a spring in the Monticello Canyon
 Ojo Caliente Hot Springs, a hot spring system in New Mexico


William Crooke (1848–1928) was a professional photographer with a studio in Edinburgh.
Two of the best-known portrait photographers in England [sic Britain], William Crooke of Edinburgh and Walter Barnett of London sailed on December 17 for a six weeks' tour of the United States, during which they plan to visit some of the leading professionals of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburg, St Louis, Chicago, Milwaukee, Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Rochester, Boston, and other places.

These gentlemen were asked by some of their American friends to bring collections of their portrait work.

Accordingly, Mr Crooke will have with him about sixty of his large pictures, made within the last few years, many of which have been shown at the exhibitions of the Royal Photographic Society and the Salon.

One of his subjects, Maude Hellman, commented, "He worked quickly and seemed interested in getting simple results in a striking way, however.  He has a trick of uttering half stifled exclamations of approval when he gets a pose that pleases him."

Crooke was an active member of The Photographic Convention of the United Kingdom (PCUK) and was elected its president for 1899.

Notes

Bibliography
British Journal of Photography 58 (1911): xxx–xxx.
The Practical Photographer 3 (1892): 105.
British Journal of Photography 29 (1882): 597.

External links

William Crooke — Edinburgh Photographic Society (EPS), official website, edited by Peter Stubbs
London Salon of Photography — official website

1848 births
1928 deaths
British portrait photographers
19th-century Scottish photographers


Pakistan Sangeet Icon is a reality-based first singing competition shown on MTV Pakistan and Indus TV. It is based on the popular British show Pop Idol and its American counterpart American Idol. The show aims to find the most talented young singer in Pakistan.

The show begins with a cross-country tour in which aspiring singers audition in front of three judges, namely Ali Haider, Mekaal Hasan and Pappu (all recording artists) under the supervision of Creative Director Mujtaba Lakhiya Syed Safdar Ali and team Yasir Siddiqui, . Eventually the number of performers is narrowed down with each competitor performing live. Viewers have two hours following the broadcast of the show to phone or text in their votes for their favorite competitor. On the following week, the competitor with the fewest votes is eliminated. Syed Ali Asad Zaidi was the Runner-up of the show.

The two remaining finalists battle it out during the finale and viewers have more time allotted to vote. The next day, the competitor with the most votes is declared the winner and is awarded One Crore Rupees.

Pakistan Sangeet Icon 1
The winner of the first competition was Asad Abbas. Then he sang for a live singing show called "Yeh Shaam Mastani" Executive Producer of Ali Fareed & Producer/Director "Mujtaba Lakhiya & Safdar Ali" where he got a lot of appreciation from  audiences around the world. Asad later joined Mekaal Hasan Band in mid-2010. Shahid Mehmood has the biggest collection of Asad Abbas performances on its YouTube channel. You can also watch Pakistan Sangeet Icon Season One on the same YouTube channel, launched Pakistan Sangeet Icon Season II under the supervision of Ali Fareed.

Pakistan Sangeet Icon 2
After the success of Pakistan Sangeet Icon Season I, Indus TV Network took another step to success and launched Pakistan Sangeet Icon Season II under Executive Producer Ali Fareed and Producer/Director "Mujtaba Lakhiya & Safdar Ali." The judges Panel consisted of three super stars and brilliant musicians of Pakistan, Faakhir Mehmood, Shehzad Roy and Emu (from Fuzön). The show started with auditions all over Pakistan and after tough selections, the judges selected 12 contestants. The winner of the second season of Pakistan Sangeet icon was Ather Sani from Karachi.

References

External links
Pakistan Sangeet Icon - official website
http://www.apnicommunity.com
https://www.youtube.com/chshahid2k/ Pakistan Sangeet Icon Season One full with All Performances Available

Singing talent shows
Pakistani television series
Pakistani music television series
Idols (franchise)
Pakistani reality television series


Straw Men is a crime novel by the American writer Martin J. Smith set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

It tells the story of a madman known as the Scarecrow, who has served in prison eight years convicted of a vicious attack that left a rookie policewoman near death and unable to remember her past. When DNA evidence surfaces that frees him, Teresa Harnett must face the possibility that her flawed memory put the wrong man behind bars. Only Harnett's nemesis, psychologist Jim Christensen, can help to solve the case.

Sources
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2006. PEN (Permanent Entry Number):  0000132047.

External links
  Martin J. Smith website

2001 American novels
American crime novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh


Yumyeongsan is a mountain in Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. Its area extends over the counties of Gapyeong and Yangpyeong. It has an elevation of .

See also
 List of mountains in Korea

Notes

References

Mountains of South Korea
Mountains of Gyeonggi Province

zh:有明山


Omar Mukhtar Street () is the main street of Gaza City, in the State of Palestine, running from Palestine Square to the Port of Gaza in the Rimal district, separating the Old City's al-Daraj and Zaytoun quarters. Gaza's hotel strip is a part of Omar Mukhtar Street and most of Gaza's most important buildings are located along the street. Built during World War I by Ottoman governor Jamal Pasha, the street was originally named after him. However, following the ouster of Ottoman forces from Palestine in 1917, Gaza's city council headed by Fahmi al-Husseini named the street after Omar Mukhtar, a Libyan revolutionary leader.

The British Mandatory Palestine turned Omar Mukhtar Street into a main street in 1937, using the zoning plan of the urban planner, Henry Kendall.

Important buildings

Great Mosque of Gaza
Welayat Mosque
Public Library of Gaza
Palestinian Centre for Human Rights
Gaza Municipal Hall
Saint Porphryrius Church
Gold Market (Souk ad-Dahab)
Souk al-Fras
PLO Flag Shop
Yazji Supermarket
Rashad Shawwa Cultural Centre

References

Streets in Gaza City
Streets in the State of Palestine
Rimal


Finland-Italy relations  are foreign relations between Finland and Italy. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1919.  Finland has an embassy in Rome, Italy has an embassy in Helsinki. Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of Europe and the Eurozone.

The political relations between Finland and Italy are excellent according to the embassies of both nations.
Italy supported Finland's NATO membership during Finland's accession into NATO, which was finalized on 4 April 2023.
In August 2022, Italy fully approved Finland's application for NATO membership.

High level visits
In 1971, President of Finland Urho Kekkonen made a three-day state visit to Italy.

In 2012, Prime Minister of Italy Mario Monti visited Helsinki for meetings with Jyrki Katainen, Finland's prime minister.

In 2019, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland, Timo Soini met his Italian counterpart Enzo Moavero Milanesi in Rome.

In 2022, Prime Minister of Finland Sanna Marin visited Rome to meet with Italy’s Prime Minister Mario Draghi. During the meeting, the Italian Prime Minister gave his support to Finland and Sweden's decision to join NATO.

Trade
In 2020, Finland imported goods worth 1716 million Euros from Italy, making Italy the 10th largest importer to Finland.

In 2021 the total value of exported goods from Italy to Finland was 2.0 billion euros and Finland's exports to Italy amounted to 2.9 billion Euros. The most exported goods from Italy to Finland were machinery and transport equipment (807 million), chemical substances (242 million), and metals (150 million). Respectively, the most exported goods from Finland to Italy were machinery and transport equipment (1.5 billion), metals (652 million), and paper and cardboard products (259 million).

In Italy there are about 90 companies, which are at least partially owned by Finns. These companies include Wärtsilä, Kemira, Ahlström, Nokia, F-Secure, Kone, Metso, UPM, Stora Enso, Metsä Board, Fiskars-Iittala, Qvantel and Tapojärvi. In Finland companies owned by Italians include, Finnlines, Nautor’s Swan, Sako, Meiran paahtimo, Prysmianin and Prima Power.

Culture
Over 200 000 journeys to Italy are made by Finns yearly. The number of Finns with permanent residence in Italy is estimated to be 4 000 by the Finnish Embassy in Rome. In Italy the Finnish language can be studied in the University of Bologna, University of Florence and University of Naples. Additionally, the Finland Society organizes Finnish language courses open to everyone.

The Finnish Institute in Rome provides research opportunities, courses and residences for Finnish or Finland-based students and researchers. The institute focuses on ancient and medieval history, classical philology, classical archaeology, and art history.

The Italian Culture Institute in Helsinki offers Italian language courses, cultural events, and materials for advancement of Finland-Italy cultural relations.

Agreements
Agreements between Finland and Italy include
Trade and Maritime Agreement, 1925 (amendment 1950, repeal of certain provisions 1988)
Agreement on the Exchange of Marital Status Notices, 1928
Agreement on the Legalization of Certificates of Origin, 1930
Agreement on the Reciprocal Abolition of Medical and Consular Certificates, 1950
Payment Agreement, 1951 (additional protocol 1953, additional agreement 1955)
Agreement on the Removal of Entry Stamps, 1954 (amendment 1958)
Trainee exchange agreements, 1962
Agreement on the Customs Clearance and Taxation of Aircraft Used in Reciprocal Air Transport, 1973
Agreement on Reciprocal Tax Relief for Cultural Institutions, 1974
Agreement on Cultural and Scientific Cooperation, 1976
Veterinary Agreement on the export of meat from Finland to Italy, 1976
Agreement on the International Carriage of Goods by Road, 1977
Tax Convention, 1983
Air Transport Agreement, 1985
Agreement on Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in Customs Matters, 1990
Agreement on the Reciprocal Protection of Classified Information, 2008

European Union
While Italy was one of the founding members of the EU, Finland joined the EU in 1995.

NATO
While Italy was one of the founding members of NATO, Finland joined NATO in 2023.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Finland has an embassy in Rome.
 Italy has an embassy in Helsinki.

See also
Foreign relations of Finland
Foreign relations of Italy
Italians in Finland

References

Italy
Bilateral relations of Italy


Khazen (also El-Khazen, Al-Khazen, Khazin or De Khazen, , is a prominent Levantine family and clan based in Keserwan District, Lebanon, Damascus, Syria, Nablus, Palestine, as well as other districts around the Levant, predominantly in the Galilee in Israel.

The family  were very influential within the Maronite Church. Several members have played leading roles in the politics of Lebanon for many generations. King Louis XIV elevated the family to the French nobility and referred to them as "princes of the Maronites" in many letters. Pope Clement X made them Counts Palatine. Most of the Lebanese Khazen branch is Maronite, while some other branches are Greek Orthodox and Muslim but are not related to the Mount-Lebanese, which were endowed with these honors.

History
The Khazen Cheikhs can trace back their lineage to the 9th century to the Ghassanids, when they were mainly located between Houran, Damascus, Baalbeck, and Nablus. They started buying and acquiring lands in Mount Lebanon during the 15th century and, more specifically, first in Jaj (currently in Byblos District). They continued their exodus to the Keserwan district, where they bought lands from the Shi'a tribes. This caused the Shi'a to move towards what is known today as the South of Lebanon and the Maronites to the Keserwan district.

In 1584, the Khazen were able to hide the princes Fakhreddine and Younès in Ballouneh. At that time, their father, cornered by the Ottoman's army and losing the fight against them, informed his wife Sitt Nossab to send his sons to the Khazen, a powerful and influential family at that time. The great Fakhreddine, when he took power, was greatly influenced by the Khazen family politically and religiously. In return, he granted them the title of Cheikh and complete political influence and control of Mount Lebanon. Similarly, the Khazen also gave shelter to Prince Haidar Shehab's sons, in Keserwan in the early 18th century.

The Khazen families, who were now controlling the Keserwan district, were very influential within the Maronite Church. This is due to their financial support of the Church and their assistance in its expansion by the construction of many monasteries, several of which they still own today, as well as their connections to the French. They also offered lands and, most importantly, supplied security to the Church and the Maronite community overall. In 1656, Cheikh Abou Nawfal received a Papal decoration for his help in the expansion of the Maronite faith in Mount Lebanon. The family was consulted on each patriarchal election and controlled episcopal nominations for three Maronite archbishoprics—representing the districts of Aleppo, Baalbeck, and Damascus—until the 19th century. There were three important and influential patriarchs from the Khazen family: Youssef Dargham (1733–1742), Toubia (1756–1766) and Youssef Ragi (1845–1854). Several bishops have also shared the name, including Michel (Caesarea, 1767-1786), Ignace (Nablus, 1787-1819), Germanos (Damascus, 1794-1806), Estefan (Damascus, 1806-1830), Anton (Baalbeck, 1807-1858), Estefan (Damascus, 1848-1868), Louis Joseph (Ptolemais, 1919-1933), and Georges Abou (Rusadus, 2014-current).

In 1858, Tanios Chahine started a rebellion against the Khazen family, which caused a great loss to their dominance over Kerserwan. The rebellion was a result of a power struggle between the Abi Lamaa family, the English, the French, the Ottomans, and particular Khazen who wanted to increase their influence. After these events, the Khazen stayed involved in politics, yet their work as one family holding ultimate Maronite power has diminished greatly.

The Khazen crest which includes a snowy part of the mountain and cedar trees, reflects the family's special closeness to the country, and especially to Mount Lebanon.

There are multiple branches of the family. The 2 main branches are based in Ajaltoun, which mainly traces its origins from Nawfal Abou Nassif el-Khazen (son of Nader Abou Nawfal el-Khazen), and Ghosta, which mainly traces its origins from Fayad Abou Kanso el-Khazen (son of Nader Abou Nawfal; also, consul of France). Kfardebian, which is nearby, also has a sizable branch as well as Achqout and Jounieh.

Today
In modern times, Khazen have always represented Keserwan with at least one deputy in the Lebanese Parliament. They have also been represented in many recent governments. Prominent politicians include Cheikh Philippe El Khazen, a prominent doctor and medical professor born in 1921 in Ghosta. Cheikh Philippe El Khazen was a member of the Parliament in 1968-1972 and a Co-Founder and Vice President of the Maronite League. He was also a member of the European Christian Democratic Party.

Cheikh Antanios Elias El Khazen from Ballouneh, owner of Kstars Cosmetics international cosmetics brand, was born in 1959.

Cheikh Elias Choukrallah El Khazen, minister and deputy born in 1927 from Ajaltoun, was a member of Parliament in 1964, 1972, 1992, 1996 and Minister of Interior from 1989 - 1990. Cheikh Elias Choukrallah El Khazen as a deputy signed the Taef agreement to end the Lebanese civil war and to return to political normalcy in Lebanon.

Cheikh Wadih El Khazen, minister of Tourism, Feb 2005, and president of The Central Maronite Council since January 2006. Walid el-Khazen, former ambassador from the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to Jordan, Amine el-Khazen, former Lebanese ambassador to the United Nations, Farid Haykal el-Khazen, former Tourism Minister, and Farid Elias el-Khazen, professor and past Chairman of Political Studies at the American University of Beirut and current MP. Noteworthy businessmen include Fady el-Khazen, former director for the Ministry of Agriculture and owner of French restaurant La Creperie, Chafic el-Khazen, the CEO of Sky Management, Fouad el-Khazen, honorary chairman of the BIT bank, and Ghassan El Khazen, owner of Edarat Group and De Khazen

Abraham Kazen, a relative of the family, represented Texas's 23rd congressional district in the United States Congress from 1967 to 1985.

Properties
 The Rose House in Beirut (formerly)
 Saint Simeon Stylites Church in Ajaltoun
 Saint Elias church in Ghosta built by Cheikh Wadih El Khazen in 1987.
 Mar Abda Church in Bakaatit Kanaan
 Assumption of Mary Church in Ballouneh
 Saint Anthony of Padua Church in Ballouneh
 Saint Elias Monastery in Ballouneh
 Saint Michael Church in Bkaatouta
 Saint Therese Church in Qolayaat
 Mar Lichaa Church in Saki-Rechmayya (Byblos)
 Saint Edna Church in Saki-Rechmayya (Byblos)
 Virgin Mary Church in Sheilé

See also
 List of political families in Lebanon

References
 Antoine Khoury Harb, The Maronites: History and Constants (ASIN B000B0F6NU)
 Matti Moosa, The Maronites in History ()
 Richard Van Leeuwen, Notables and Clergy in Mount Lebanon: The Khāzin Sheikhs and the Maronite Church (1736-1840) ()
 Farid el-Khazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967-1976 ()
 William Harris, Lebanon: A History, 600-2011 ()
 Catholic-Hierarchy
  The sword of the Maronite Prince
 Origins of the "Prince of Maronite" Title
  National Geographic Magazine DNA sample from Khazen member
 An Interview with Cheikh Malek el-Khazen

Citations

External links
 el Khazen website

Khazen family
Lebanese Maronites
Lebanese noble families
Political families of Lebanon
Palestinian families


Matthew Wesenbeck (; ; ) (25 October 1531 – 5 June 1586) was a Belgian jurist and a student of Gabriel Mudaeus. His Latin surname was also spelled Wesembecius or Vesembecius.

Wesenbeck was a Protestant writer widely known and cited during his time. He taught at Jena and Wittenberg.

Works
 Paratitla in Pandectarum iuris civilis libros quinquaginta (1566)
 Tractatus et responsa quae vulgo consilia appelantur (1576)
 Tractatus de feudis

References

1531 births
1586 deaths
Lawyers from the Habsburg Netherlands


Alnwick is a rural community in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It was formed through the 2023 New Brunswick local governance reforms.

History
Alnwick was incorporated on January 1, 2023 from previously unincorporated areas.

See also
List of communities in New Brunswick
List of municipalities in New Brunswick

References

2023 establishments in New Brunswick
2023 New Brunswick local governance reform
Populated places established in 2023
Rural communities in New Brunswick


Ana (July 4, 1995 – November 12, 2008) was a golden retriever search and rescue dog, known for having been the first graduate of the Search Dog Foundation's training program.  Ana was one of the first search dogs to be deployed to the site of the World Trade Center.

Ana was born to a backyard breeder, and proved to be too active to work as an assistance dog.  Bonnie Bergin, the Executive Director of the Assistance Dog Institute, decided that Ana might be better suited as a search and rescue dog, and suggested her to Wilma Melville, the head of the Search Dog Foundation.  Ana was trained at a kennel in Gilroy, California, and, upon graduation, she was the first nationally certified Fire Department Disaster Search Canine and the first dog certified by the Search Dog Foundation.

Ana was assigned to the Sacramento, California Fire Department, where she was paired with fire captain Rick Lee.

Besides the World Trade Center search, Ana and Captain Lee were involved in several other searches, including the sites of collapsed buildings in Sacramento, and the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

She was featured on a report on Animal Planet, and on the National Geographic Channel's Dogs with Jobs.

Ana died of cancer in Captain Lee's arms.

See also
 List of individual dogs

References

External links
Bauer, Nona Kilgore Dog Heroes of September 11th: A Tribute to America's Search and Rescue Dogs,
The Search Dog Foundation
The Paws of Life Foundation

1995 animal births
2008 animal deaths
Search and rescue dogs
Individual dogs in the United States