Arthur William Hutchin, DSO (3 March 1887 – 12 June 1965) was an Australian businessman, politician, and army officer. He was a United Australia Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1931 to 1934, representing the Tasmanian electorate of Denison.

Hutchin was born in Bathurst, New South Wales, and educated in that state. He joined the military in 1910, having previously served in the militia, and during World War I served with the Australian Imperial Force in France as a company commander and later brigade major. He was appointed to the personal staff of General Sir William Birdwood at the end of the war, before attending the Imperial Staff College and returning to Australia as Inspector of Imperial Training under Inspector-General Sir Harry Chauvel. He resigned that role in May 1920 to take on a senior role with the Electrolytic Zinc Company in Tasmania, remaining with the firm until his election to parliament. He first became involved in politics in early 1931 as president of the Hobart branch of the All for Australia League.

In 1931, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the United Australia Party member for the Tasmanian seat of Denison, defeating sitting Labor MP Charles Culley. He was defeated by Labor candidate Gerald Mahoney in 1934 and left politics, becoming a businessman and industrial consultant. He was general manager of Tattersalls from 1938 to 1954, in which he oversaw the business's move to Melbourne.

Hutchin died in 1965.

References

1887 births
1965 deaths
20th-century Australian politicians
Australian Army officers
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian military personnel of World War I
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Denison
People from Bathurst, New South Wales
United Australia Party members of the Parliament of Australia


The Old Headquarters Area at Devils Tower National Monument includes three structures and their surroundings, including the old headquarters building, the custodian's house, and the fire hose house. The buildings are all designed in the National Park Service Rustic style.

Funded as an Emergency Conservation Works project and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935, the old administration building was used as the monument's headquarters and museum until 1959. At that time, headquarters was relocated while the building continued its function as the park's primary visitor center. Today the main level of the building serves as the visitor center; the basement level has public restrooms, museum storage, interpreter's office, library, storage for search and rescue and first aid equipment and supplies, and a fuel oil furnace. The upper level, originally designed for use as a bedroom, is now used for storage and houses an evaporative cooler.

The custodian's residence was designed by the NPS Landscape Division under the direction of Chief Landscape Architect Thomas Chalmers Vint and constructed in 1931 by a private contractor, a Mr. Cummings of Deadwood, South Dakota. The building first served as the residence of the monument's second custodian, George C. Crowe. The original structure had five rooms: living room, bedroom, breakfast nook kitchen, and bathroom.

Designed by the Architect Edward A. Nickel, NPS Branch of Plans and Design, and executed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (Camp NM-1, 6th Period), the fire hose house was constructed as ECW Project #17. Work was completed by August 10, 1937, "except for shelves," according to the hand-written note on the architectural plans. The fire hose house was designed and used to house the fire hydrant and to store the monument's hose and fire fighting equipment. It has been used for that purpose since 1937.

See also
Entrance Station-Devils Tower National Monument
Entrance Road-Devils Tower National Monument
Tower Ladder-Devils Tower National Monument

References

External links

National Park Service Devils Tower First Fifty Years - The Early Years
National Park Service Devils Tower First Fifty Years - The 1930s
Devils Tower Old Headquarters Area Historic District at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Park Service rustic in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Crook County, Wyoming
Civilian Conservation Corps in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Devils Tower National Monument
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming


Ahmed Nizam (born 17 May 1986) is an Indian cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and a left-arm slow bowler who plays for Jammu and Kashmir. He was born in Bombay.

Nizam spent his youth cricketing career at Mumbai, playing for the Under-16s, the Under-19s and the Under-22s before entering into first-class cricket.

Nizam made his first-class debut for Jammu and Kashmir in November 2008.

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Cricketers from Mumbai
Indian cricketers
Jammu and Kashmir cricketers


Winifred Mason Shaw (later Mrs. Wooldridge) (18 January 1947 – 30 March 1992) was a professional tennis player from Scotland whose career ran from the mid-1960s until the early 70s. In 2002, she was posthumously inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame. She was active from 1963 to 1978 and contested 56 career singles finals winning 28 titles.

Personal life
Winnie Shaw was born in Glasgow on 18 January 1947, the second and youngest child of Winifred Mason, also a tennis player who was Scottish national champion in 1930 and 1933, and journalist Angus Shaw.

Career
Shaw was a three-time winner of the Scottish Grass Court Championships in 1965, 1966 and 1970, three-time runner-up in the Scottish Hard Court Championships and twice runner-up in the British Hard Court Championships. In Grand Slam events, her best progress was reaching the Australian Open semifinals in 1970 and 1971, and the Wimbledon quarterfinals in the same seasons.

In doubles events, Shaw reached the finals of both the mixed doubles (1971) and the ladies doubles (1972) at the French Open. She also made it to the ladies doubles semifinals at the US Open and Australian Open on two occasions each, and to the semifinal at Wimbledon in 1972, playing with another player from Scotland, Joyce Williams.

She represented Great Britain in the Wightman Cup and the Federation Cup teams between 1966 and 1972.

Golf
After her marriage in 1972 she became a keen golfer. She played for Scotland in the 1982 Women's Home Internationals. Shaw reached the semi-finals of the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship in 1980 and 1982. In 1981, partnered by Belle Robertson, she won the Avia Foursomes with a score of 309, a stroke ahead of the runners-up.

Retirement
She married English tennis player Keith Wooldridge in October 1972 and retired as a tennis player after the 1978 edition of Wimbledon. She died on 30 March 1992 from a brain tumour.

Grand Slam finals

Doubles (1 runner-up)

Mixed doubles (1 runner-up)

References

External links

British female tennis players
Scottish female tennis players
Sportspeople from Glasgow
1947 births
1992 deaths
Deaths from brain tumor
People from Clarkston, East Renfrewshire
People educated at Hutchesons' Grammar School
Sportspeople from East Renfrewshire
Scottish female golfers
Amateur golfers


Seasonal subseries plots are a graphical tool to visualize and detect seasonality in a time series. Seasonal subseries plots involves the extraction of the seasons from a time series into a subseries. Based on a selected periodicity, it is an alternative plot that emphasizes the seasonal patterns are where the data for each season are collected together in separate mini time plots.

Seasonal subseries plots enables the underlying seasonal pattern to be seen clearly, and also shows the changes in seasonality over time. Especially, it allows to detect changes between different seasons, changes within a particular season over time.

However, this plot is only useful if the period of the seasonality is already known. In many cases, this will in fact be known. For example, monthly data typically has a period of 12. If the period is not known, an autocorrelation plot or spectral plot can be used to determine it. If there is a large number of observations, then a box plot may be preferable.

Definition
Seasonal sub-series plots are formed by
 Vertical axis: response variable
 Horizontal axis: time of year; for example, with monthly data, all the January values are plotted (in chronological order), then all the February values, and so on.

The horizontal line displays the mean value for each month over the time series.

The analyst must specify the length of the seasonal pattern before generating this plot. In most cases, the analyst will know this from the context of the problem and data collection.

Importance
It is important to know when analyzing a time series if there is a significant seasonality effect. The seasonal subseries plot is an excellent tool for determining if there is a seasonal pattern. The seasonal subseries plot can provide answers to the following questions:
 Do the data exhibit a seasonal pattern?
 What is the nature of the seasonality?
 Is there a within-group pattern (e.g., do January and July exhibit similar patterns)?
 Are there any outliers once seasonality has been accounted for?
 Is the seasonality changing over time?
Practically, seasonal subseries plots are often inspected as a preliminary screening tool. They allow visual inferences to be drawn from data prior to modelling and forecasting.

Related techniques
 Autocorrelation plot
 Box plot
 Recurrence plot
 Run sequence plot
 Time series
 Seasonal plot

Software
Seasonal subseries plots can be implemented in the R programming language using function monthplot().

Example

The following R code results in the above seasonal deviation plot of antidiabetic drug sales;

> monthplot(a10, ylab= "$ million" , xlab= "Month", xaxt= "n", main= "Seasonal deviation plot: antidiabetic drug sales")

> axis(1, at=1:12, labels=month.abb, cex=0.8)

References

Further reading

External links
 Seasonal Subseries Plot

Time series
Statistical charts and diagrams
Articles with example R code


Special Music School (SMS, PS 859) is a K-12 public school that teaches music as a core subject on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. The school is run as a public/private partnership between the New York City Department of Education and Kaufman Music Center, a not-for-profit, multi-arts organization. The Department of Education funds the academic portion of the students' education, while the music program is funded by private donations through Kaufman Music Center.

Operations

Intended for children with high musical potential, Special Music School provides a rich musical and demanding academic education for grades K-12 through an integrated curriculum with a primary focus on music.  In the lower and middle school's children have two private lessons per week in piano, cello, violin, flute, French horn, trumpet, trombone, percussion, or clarinet, as well as classes in music theory, chorus, and movement.  Three quarters of the students' time is spent on academic subjects.  The school has partnerships with the National Dance Institute, the Center for Educational Innovation, New Visions for Public Schools, Studio in a School, Teachers College, Columbia University and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Special Music School also has a high school at the Martin Luther King Jr. Educational Campus on the Upper West Side, with a music curriculum that emphasizes the development of the student as a musician for the 21st century. With the establishment of the high school extension, Special Music School High School is the city's only K-12 school that teaches music as a core subject. The music program covers the subjects of music theory, music history, and music technology. SMS had their first high school graduating class in 2017 with 100% graduation and college success rate.

Students from all five boroughs of New York City are eligible to apply for admission, across all grades in lower and upper schools, which is by audition.  Admission is extremely competitive, and the lower school kindergarten class gets approximately 700 applicants for 15 spaces.  The total enrollment for all grades (K-12) is approximately 315 students. SMS consistently ranks among the top NYC public schools, based on student academic performance on New York State assessments.

History

The school was founded in 1996 and originally called The Special Music School of America. Inspired by the "spets-shkola," special music school system of the former Soviet Union, many original members of the music faculty are Russian-conservatory trained musicians.

In the fall of 2006 Special Music School established the after-school Young Artist Program for grades 9–12.  It offers music students intensive after-school study courses.  Each week students have classes covering literature and composition, music theory, and ear-training.  Students also perform in chamber music and solo recitals.

In 2005, former Special Music School Director Jenny Undercofler founded Face the Music, initially an 8-member after school music ensemble, and now NYC's only "alt classical" teen ensemble composed of 75 students from music students in the tri-state area aged 10 to 18. In 2011 ASCAP awarded its Aaron Copland Award to both Face the Music and Jenny Undercofler.

Sports

There are no sports teams for K-8 students, who are discouraged from joining sports teams outside of school. Instead, students are encouraged and expected to devote most of their extracurricular time to practicing their instrument, joining high-level music ensembles in the city and/or making use of Kaufman Music Center's Lucy Moses School classes as well as concerts at Merkin Concert Hall.

However, in high school, Special Music School offers students the opportunity to participate in many different sports. The schools in the Martin Luther King Jr. Educational Campus are all represented in one team within the Public School Athletic League (PSAL).

References

External links
 Special Music School
 Special Music School Parent Teacher Association

Music schools in New York City
Public elementary schools in Manhattan
Public middle schools in Manhattan
Public high schools in Manhattan
Lincoln Square, Manhattan
Public K–12 schools in the United States
K-12 schools in Manhattan


The East Brazilian chachalaca (Ortalis araucuan) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to eastern Brazil.

Taxonomy and systematics

The East Brazilian chachalaca was considered a subspecies of the speckled chachalaca (Ortalis guttata). It has also been treated as conspecific with little chachalaca (O. motmot) and buff-browed chachalaca (O. superciliaris). It is monotypic.

Description

The East Brazilian chachalaca is about  long. It has a dull rufous crown and nape, brown upperparts, and a reddish rump. Its gular patch is red. The lower throat and breast are dark brownish with whitish (female) or buffy (male) spots; the rest of the underparts are white except for the ochre vent. Its dark brown eye is surrounded by bare slate blue skin.

Distribution and habitat

The East Brazilian chachalaca is found in a fairly narrow strip of far eastern Brazil, from Rio Grande do Norte south into Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais. Its primary habitat is the Atlantic Forest but also includes secondary forest, caatinga, and restinga landscapes.

Behavior

Feeding

The East Brazilian chachalaca forages in flocks of up to about seven birds. Its diet has not been detailed but is known to be primarily fruits.

Breeding

Very little is known about the East Brazilian chachalaca's breeding phenology. One nest was a shallow bowl made of twigs and leaves, but unlined, and sited in dense foliage about  up in a tree. It contained three eggs.

Vocalization

The East Brazilian chachalaca's song is "a repeated 're-a-tok'" that is easily distinguished from the five-syllable song of the speckled chachalaca.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the East Brazilian chachalaca as being of Least Concern. Though its population has not been quantified, the species is generally considered common and the number stable. It appears to tolerate human activity and human-altered habitat but does face some pressure from habitat destruction and hunting.

References

East Brazilian chachalaca
Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Endemic birds of Brazil
East Brazilian chachalaca


The scaled chachalaca (Ortalis squamata) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to Brazil.

Taxonomy and systematics

The scaled chachalaca was previously considered a subspecies of the speckled chachalaca (Ortalis guttata). Before that it was treated as a subspecies of plain chachalaca (O. vetula) or what was then called variable chachalaca (O. motmot). The remota subspecies of speckled chachalaca has been proposed as actually belonging to the scaled chachalaca but that treatment has not been accepted. As currently understood, the scaled chachalaca is monotypic.

Description

The scaled chachalaca is about  long. One male weighed about  and a female . Its plumage is mostly shades of brown, darker on the upperside. The breast is also dark brown with pale feather edges that give a scalloped or scaly effect. The belly is buffy and the vent chestnut. It has a small pinkish throat patch. The bare skin around the dark eye is slate gray.

Distribution and habitat

The scaled chachalaca is endemic to southeastern Brazil from southern São Paulo through Paraná and Santa Catarina into Rio Grande do Sul. It might also have occurred in southeastern Paraguay through the late 1800s. It inhabits the edges of tropical evergreen forest and the interior and edges of restinga and Laguncularia racemosa-dominated mangrove stands. In elevation it ranges from sea level to .

Behavior

Feeding

The scaled chachalaca is usually seen in small family groups. Its diet is mostly fruits and leaves but it also visits feeding stations with bananas and suburban gardens.

Breeding

The scaled chachalaca's breeding season appears to span from October to February or March based on the dates of sightings of adults in breeding condition, eggs, and young. Its nest is a shallow bowl of twigs and leaves, typically placed in a concealed fork of a tree up to about  above ground. The clutch size is three eggs.

Vocalization

The scaled chachalaca's song is "a raucous, very noisy but highly variable 'racket', given in duet or chorus from multiple individuals, cacataPOOP, cacataPOP, cacataWHUMP, cacataWEEcata on [one] pitch." It also makes "an irregular but sometimes rhythmic cackling or throaty bubbling, cuhcuh-cuhCAHcuhcuhcucCAH cuhcuhcuhcuh...."

Status

The IUCN has assessed the scaled chachalaca as being of Least Concern. Though its population has not been quantified, it is at least locally common in several parts of its range. It does face hunting pressure and loss of habitat from deforestation.

References

scaled chachalaca
Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Birds of Brazil
scaled chachalaca
Taxa named by René Lesson


The Colombian chachalaca (Ortalis columbiana) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae. It is endemic to the forests and woodlands in the inter-Andean valleys in Colombia.
Colombian Chachalacas are frugivorous and lead an arboreal lifestyle. The large seeds they disperse through defecation support the maintenance of diverse tropical forests.

Taxonomy and systematics

The species was first formally described in 1906 by the Austrian ornithologist Carl Eduard Hellmayr. He based his observations on specimens in the Bavarian State Museum that had been obtained during Johann Baptist von Spix’s 1817-1820 expedition to South America. Hellmayr noted significant differences in the plumage of two specimens that separated them from the Speckled chachalaca that von Spix had previously described.

All four taxonomic authorities recognize the Colombian chachalaca as a distinct species. It is generally considered to be monotypic, but some authorities recognize two subspecies: the nominate O. c. columbiana, native to the upper Magdalena River basin, and O. c. caucae, which is found in the Cauca River valley.

Description

The Colombian chachalaca is a typical Ortalis species – a large, plump forest bird with a long slender neck, small head, long and robust legs (tarsi) and a long tail.

Size. Adults of this species have a length of 50–60 cm. The average wing length is 22.5 cm (males)/ 19.6 cm (females), and the average tail length is 25 and 24 cm respectively. Tarsi average 6 cm (males) and 5.8 cm (females). Adult bird have a typical mass of 600g (male), and 500g (female).

Appearance. Similar/identical for both sexes. The upperparts are mostly brown, shading to greyish-brown on the primaries and secondaries. The outer feathers of the tail are rufous-brown. The head and neck are grey, with a red dewlap on the neck. The breast feathers are grey with prominent white scalloping, a distinguishing characteristic compared to the similar-looking speckled chachalaca. The belly is buffy with rufous shading on the thighs and flanks and rufous undertail coverts.

The legs and feet are pinkish. The bill is dark grey at the base shading to white at the tip.  The iris is dark brown, and a patch of grey bare skin encircles the eye.

Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to the Cauca and Magdalena valleys of Colombia. It was once a fairly widespread species, but after many years of hunting pressure and habitat loss it has been extirpated from many former range areas. Its current distribution is highly fragmented, with small, localized populations remaining the upper river valleys: in the Magdalena from Huila Department to Santander, and in the Cauca valley from Cauca Department to Antioquia.

The Colombian chachalaca is a bird of the upper tropical zone, typically found on the edges of dry to humid forests and mature second growth. It can survive in degraded habitat  - areas of scrub and thickets – and is relatively tolerant of human habitation in areas where it is not persecuted. However, research indicates that it is more likely to prosper in mature forests, where it can use fallen tree trunks for foraging, shelter, and nesting between tree roots.

Behaviour and ecology

Colombian chachalacas are arboreal, spending most of their time in forests where they typically forage from the mid-level to the canopy. They prefers trees with good food supplies, primarily Ficus or Cecropia species. They will fly within and between trees but do not usually undertake long flights.

These birds are social, and groups of up to 20 individuals have been seen. They can be noisy, engaging in choruses of the chac-a-lac call that gives them their name.

Breeding

Little is known about the breeding habits of this species. Colombian chachalacas are presumed to be monogamous and possibly to hold territories during breeding. Records from the Magdalena valley of a female with an swollen brood patch, a male with extended testes and a half-grown young bird, were recorded in the month of February, indicating the time of the breeding season in that area.

Food and feeding

Colombian chachalacas, and Cracids in general, are highly frugivorous. Large frugivores play a key role in maintaining the diversity of tropical forests as the defecation of indigestible large seeds helps to dispersing the parent plant species – if large frugivores are not present in an area it will become dominated by fast-growing species with smaller fruits and seeds.

This species typically forages in pairs and small groups. In the Cauca valley their diet was found to comprise 26 species of plants, including fruits (77.2%), leaves (16.2%), and flowers (3.6%). They also occasionally ate soil, dead leaves, and stones (3%). Many of the seeds defecated by Colombian chachalacas were shown to germinate at a higher rate than those extracted directly from fruit.

Status

This species is rated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. While noting that the range and numbers of this species are declining, the decline is not considered to meet the threshold of a 30% decline over ten years that would trigger a rating of Vulnerable. Similarly, though the population size has not been quantified, it does not appear meet the Vulnerable criteria of under 10 000 individuals with a continuing decline of 10% per ten years. The species also appears to be somewhat tolerant of sub-optimal habitat and proximity to human habitation.

Threats

While the Colombian chachalaca can suffer predation from large raptors such as the Ornate hawk-eagle, hunting by humans appears to be the primary threat, followed by habitat loss and fragmentation.

Conservation efforts

No conservation activities specific to this species are in effect.

References

 Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2011. IOC World Bird Names (version 2.9). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ Accessed 8/4/2011.
 Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, J. Pérez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer. Version [date]. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union.

Colombian chachalaca
Birds of the Colombian Andes
Endemic birds of Colombia
Colombian chachalaca


Gerald William Mahoney (24 May 1892 – 16 September 1955) was an Australian politician. He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1931 to 1934 and of the Australian House of Representatives from 1934 to 1940, representing both the state and federal versions of the seat of Denison.

Early career

Mahoney was born at Railton, Tasmania and was educated at Latrobe. He worked at the Mount Bischoff mine, where he became a delegate of the Federated Mining Employees Association, and later worked as a builder's painter. He was secretary of the Labor Party's Denison league in the early 1920s, was a Tasmanian delegate to the party's All Australia Congress and nominated for state Labor preselection in 1922. He rose through the trade union movement, and was president of the Zinc Workers' Union and secretary and trades hall delegate of the Painters' Union by the mid-1920s; he had also become secretary of the Operative Bricklayers' Union by the time of his election to parliament.

In 1922 he was expelled from the Labor Party along with Edmund Dwyer-Gray for disloyalty; Mahoney was alleged to have associated with people who had opposed endorsed Labor candidates, and who had endorsed direct action and "go slow" tactics and supported the Industrial Workers of the World in his presence. He made annual appeals and requests for readmission to state conferences and state and federal executives between 1922 and 1928, but was unsuccessful on each occasion. In 1925 he unsuccessfully contested that year's state election as an Industrial Labor candidate against the endorsed Labor candidate, which resulted in his expulsion from the Trades Hall Council. He also contested the 1928 state election as an Independent Labor candidate in light of the continual refusal of his requests for readmission and polled well, but was again defeated. He was eventually readmitted to the party in December 1928, although on the basis that he did not have continuity of membership, preventing him from standing for party endorsement in the immediate future. In 1930, he was elected president of the Denison branch of the Labor Party.

In state and federal parliament

In 1931 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Labor member for Denison. He was particularly outspoken about issues relating to the unemployed and destitute in his time in state parliament. He lost his seat at the 1934 state election.

Four months after his state defeat, he contested and narrowly won the federal seat of Denison at the 1934 federal election, defeating United Australia Party MP Arthur Beck. He immediately announced that he would stand "four-square behind" leader James Scullin in a party still dealing with the aftermath of the 1931 Labor split. He was re-elected in 1937. Mahoney was defeated by UAP candidate Arthur Beck in 1940.

Later career

He returned to his old role as secretary of the Painters' Union after his election defeat. He was appointed to the public service role of Tasmanian rehabilitation employment officer for returned soldiers  early 1943, which met with strong protests from the Returned and Services League. He sought preselection to recontest his old seat at the 1943 federal election, but the state executive refused to endorse his candidacy. In May 1943, Mahoney announced that he would contest the seat anyway, declared the preselection decision "the greatest outrage ever committed by a Labor executive on any man in the Labor movement" and stated that he "accept[ed] it as an expulsion from the party. He cited "shocking victimisation" in his decision to run as an independent Labor candidate. He lost to the endorsed candidate, and in congratulating the victor, said he had been "weighted out" from the start. Mahoney sought readmittance to the Labor Party in March 1944 following his automatic removal for opposing an endorsed candidate, but was instead formally expelled. He applied again and was readmitted by the state conference in 1945.

In 1950, Mahoney supported the proposed banning of the Communist Party of Australia at the Labor Party conference, declaring that Robert Menzies "should 'do the job'" and described communism as a "bogey brought about by the Menzies Government to crucify the trade union movement". Later that month, he was appointed president of the Building Trades Federation. He also remained secretary of the Operative Painters and Decorators Union until at least 1954.

Mahoney died in Hobart in September 1955.

References

Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Denison
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
1892 births
1955 deaths
House painters
20th-century Australian politicians


Randall Morris Kerbow (born December 19, 1940) is a former football player in the National Football League and Canadian Football League.

A quarterback for the Rice Owls football team from 1960 to 1962, Kerbow made the Houston Oilers as a wide receiver in 1963. After failing to make the Oilers in 1964, he made the Edmonton Eskimos in 1965 as a quarterback. In 1966, Kerbow led Edmonton to its first Western Football Conference playoff berth in five seasons. Benched in favor of Heisman Trophy winner Terry Baker in 1967, Kerbow left Edmonton to try out for the New Orleans Saints in 1968. After failing to make the team, he rejoined the Eskimos where he split playing time with Frank Cosentino. Although he was expected to regain the starting job full-time in 1969, Kerbow opted to retire.

References

1940 births
American football quarterbacks
Houston Oilers players
Edmonton Elks players
Players of American football from Harris County, Texas
Rice Owls football players
Living people
Canadian football quarterbacks


Hoddle may refer to:

People
 Carl Hoddle (1967–2008), English football player and coach
 Glenn Hoddle (born 1957), English football player and manager, played many times for England
 Robert Hoddle (1794–1881), Australian surveyor

Places
All the following geographical entities in Australia are named for Robert Hoddle.
 Division of Hoddle, former federal electoral division in the Melbourne suburbs
 Hoddle Bridge, Melbourne
 Hoddle Grid, streets in central Melbourne
 Hoddle Highway, urban highway in Melbourne
 Hoddle railway station, former station in South Gippsland

See also
Hoddle Street massacre, shooting in Melbourne, 1987
Hoddles Creek (tributary), creek near Melbourne, Australia
Hoddles Creek, Victoria, town near Melbourne
Hoddles Track, New South Wales, Australia


Echinostomata is a suborder of the parasitic flatworm order Plagiorchiida. The suborder contains numerous species that are parasitic in humans.

Families
All families are in the superfamily Echinostomatoidea Looss, 1902. It has been synonymised with Cyclocoeloidea Stossich, 1902.
Calycodidae Dollfus, 1929
Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902
Echinochasmidae Odhner, 1910
Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899
Eucotylidae Cohn, 1904
Fasciolidae Railliet, 1895
Himasthlidae Odhner, 1910
Philophthalmidae Looss, 1899
Psilostomidae Looss, 1900
Rhytidodidae Odhner, 1926
Typhlocoelidae Harrah, 1922

References

Protostome suborders


Luis Alberto Perea Pérez (born 3 September 1986) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Salvadoran club FAS.

Career

Early career
Perea moved with his father to Miami, Florida from Colombia at age 12 and attended Miami Sunset High School. He graduated in 2004, while winning a state title and being selected to the All-State team that same year.

He made his professional debut with Atlético Nacional in 2006, aged 19. For the 2007-I season, he was loaned out to La Equidad, and for the second half of the 2007 season, he played with Llaneros. In the 2008 season he was loaned out again, this time to Real Cartagena. At the conclusion of the 2009 Apertura, he left Nacional.

In the 2009 Clausura, he joined Deportes Tolima. For the 2010 season he was loaned out to Peruvian Segunda División club León de Huánuco.

Univ. San Martín
In late 2011, Perea signed with Peruvian Primera División side Universidad San Martín de Porres ahead of the 2012 season. On 20 February 2012, after Perea and several other San Martín players went on strike, the club announced it would not participate in the upcoming season and that the contracts of its players would be terminated.

FC Dallas
On 13 March 2012, Perea returned to the United States and signed with Major League Soccer side FC Dallas. Perea made two appearances for Dallas before he and the club agreed to the mutual termination of his contract on 4 April.

Return to San Martín
After leaving FC Dallas, Perea re-signed with Universidad San Martín, which had resumed operations in time to participate in the new season. On 14 April 2012, Perea made an exceptional debut for San Martín, scoring a hat-trick after coming on as a half-time substitute in a 5–1 win over Juan Aurich. He went on to score 11 goals in 29 appearances that season, including 20 starts.

In 2013, Perea scored 14 goals for San Martín in 36 appearances, including 29 starts.

In 2014, Perea scored 11 goals in 27 appearances in league play, including 24 starts. He was also instrumental in San Martín's run to the finals of the Copa Inca that year, becoming the competition's top scorer with 12 goals in 14 appearances. This included a second-half injury time penalty which turned out to be the decisive goal in a 3–1 comeback win over Melgar, a win that clinched San Martín's place in the final. In the final against Alianza Lima Perea scored the opening goal, a 16th-minute penalty, before being sent off in the 40th minute for a second yellow card. Alianza went on to win the match on penalties.

Orsomarso
On 17 September 2017, Perea made one appearance for Colombian Primera B club Orsomarso, playing 90 minutes in a 1–1 draw against Valledupar.

FAS
On 30 December 2017, Perea signed with Salvadoran Primera División side FAS. On 3 February 2018, Perea scored his first goal for FAS, a 25th-minute penalty in a 1–0 win over Dragón. The following week, he notched his first goal from open play against defending Apertura champions Alianza.

Perea finished the season as top scorer of the 2018 Clausura with 14 goals in 18 appearances, and scored another goal in FAS's playoff series against Audaz.

La Equidad
In June 2018 Perea returned to Colombia, signing with Categoría Primera A club La Equidad.

HFX Wanderers
On 25 February 2019, Perea signed with Canadian Premier League side HFX Wanderers. He made his debut in the Wanderer's home opener against Forge FC on May 4, 2019. He scored his first goal in the same match, the match winner in a 2-1 victory. On 14 December 2019, the club announced that Perea would not be returning for the 2020 season.

Carlos Stein
On 30 December 2019, Perea joined newly-promoted Peruvian Primera División side Carlos Stein. He made five appearances that season, scoring one goal.

Return to FAS
In April 2020, Perea returned to FAS for the 2020 Apertura season. He made his return debut on 25 October 2020 in a 0–0 draw against Once Deportivo.

Personal life
Perea is the son of Luis Carlos Perea, a professional footballer who played in Categoría Primera A and the Mexican Primera División as well as for the Colombia national team.

Career statistics

Honours

Club
FAS
Salvadoran Primera División: Clausura 2021

Individual
Copa Inca Top Scorer: 2014
Salvadoran Primera División Clausura Top Scorer: 2018

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Colombian men's footballers
Footballers from Medellín
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Venezuela
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Venezuela
Expatriate men's footballers in Peru
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Expatriate men's footballers in El Salvador
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in El Salvador
Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Atlético Nacional footballers
La Equidad footballers
Llaneros de Guanare players
Real Cartagena footballers
Deportes Tolima footballers
León de Huánuco footballers
S.D. Quito footballers
Everton de Viña del Mar footballers
Club Deportivo Universidad de San Martín de Porres players
FC Dallas players
Criciúma Esporte Clube players
Sport Huancayo footballers
Sport Rosario footballers
Orsomarso S.C. footballers
C.D. FAS footballers
HFX Wanderers FC players
FC Carlos Stein players
Categoría Primera A players
Categoría Primera B players
Peruvian Primera División players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
Primera B de Chile players
Major League Soccer players
Salvadoran Primera División players
Canadian Premier League players


Midline shift is a shift of the brain past its center line. The sign may be evident on neuroimaging such as CT scanning. The sign is considered ominous because it is commonly associated with a distortion of the brain stem that can cause serious dysfunction evidenced by abnormal posturing and failure of the pupils to constrict in response to light. Midline shift is often associated with high intracranial pressure (ICP), which can be deadly. In fact, midline shift is a measure of ICP; presence of the former is an indication of the latter. Presence of midline shift is an indication for neurosurgeons to take measures to monitor and control ICP. Immediate surgery may be indicated when there is a midline shift of over 5 mm. The sign can be caused by conditions including traumatic brain injury, stroke, hematoma, or birth deformity that leads to a raised intracranial pressure.

Methods of detection
Doctors detect midline shift using a variety of methods. The most prominent measurement is done by a computed tomography (CT) scan and the CT Gold Standard is the standardized operating procedure for detecting MLS. Since the midline shift is often easily visible with a CT scan, the high precision of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is not necessary, but can be used with equally adequate results. Newer methods such as bedside sonography can be used with neurocritical patients who cannot undergo some scans due to their dependence on ventilators or other care apparatuses. Sonography has proven satisfactory in the measurement of MLS, but is not expected to replace CT or MRI. Automated measurement algorithms are used for exact recognition and precision in measurements from an initial CT scan. A major benefit to using the automated recognition tools includes being able to measure even the most deformed brains because the method doesn’t depend on normal brain symmetry. Also, it lessens the chance of human error by detecting MLS from an entire image set compared to selecting the single most important slice, which allows the computer to do the work that was once manually done.

Structures of the midline
Three main structures are commonly investigated when measuring midline shift. The most important of these is the septum pellucidum, which is a thin and linear layer of tissue located between the right and left ventricles. It is easily found on CT or MRI images due to its unique hypodensity. The other two important structures of the midline include the third ventricle and the pineal gland, which are both centrally located and caudal to the septum pellucidum. Identifying the location of these structures on a damaged brain compared to an unaffected brain is another way of categorizing the severity of the midline shift. The terms mild, moderate, and severe are associated with the extent of increasing damage.

Midline shift in diagnoses
Midline shift measurements and imaging has multiple applications. The severity of brain damage is determined by the magnitude of the change in symmetry. Another use is secondary screening to determine deviations in brain trauma at different times after a traumatic injury as well as initial shifts immediately after. The severity of shift is directly proportional to the likeliness of surgery having to be performed. The degree of MLS can also be used to diagnose the pathology that caused it. The MLS measurement can be used to successfully distinguish between a variety of intracranial conditions including acute subdural hematoma, malignant middle cerebral artery infarction, epidural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic subdural hematoma, infarction, intraventrical hemorrhage, a combination of these symptoms, or the absence of pertinent damage altogether.

See also
Mass effect (medicine)

References

Neurotrauma
Neuroimaging
Neurology


Max Scheler (1874–1928) was an early 20th-century German Continental philosopher in the phenomenological tradition.  Scheler's style of phenomenology has been described by some scholars as “applied phenomenology”: an appeal to facts or “things in themselves” as always furnishing a descriptive basis for speculative philosophical concepts. One key source of just such a pattern of facts is expressed in Scheler’s descriptive mapping of human emotional life (the “Stratification of Emotional Life”) as articulated in his seminal 1913–1916 work, Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values.

Overview

The practical significance of Scheler's Stratification of Emotional Life is obvious in several respects and points of view.

First, Scheler seems to be making a case in favor of what we might refer to today as Emotional Intelligence, as a portal to more ethical behavior and optimum personal development, similar to the ancient Greek concern for promoting virtuous character.  However quite unlike many of our modern attitudes and prejudices, emotional life ought not be viewed as simply a chaotic impediment to reason, but rather should be understood as a sort of “sixth sense” having an informative objective core: what Scheler termed our Ordo Amoris (or “Logic of the Heart”).

Second, for Scheler values have true primacy as real inherent qualities discovered in things, people, situations and the like. Values and immanent emotive experience are co-extensive: “the plain fact is that we act vis-à-vis values just as we do vis-à-vis colors and sounds.”  Scheler's claim is that the correlates of feelings and emotions are values, just as the correlates of visual perception are colors and audio perceptions are sounds. If such qualities are present in a person's world, they tend to be apprehended. But the reverse is also true: the meanings ascribed to things, people, situations and the like are uniquely co-extensive with the subjective relativity of every person, as the "totality of acts of different kinds"  having a unique qualitative direction  and destiny. As a value being and bearer of values every person is as unique as a snowflake. This is why Scheler's ethics is commonly referred as a Material Value-Ethics as opposed to a formal ethics (Immanuel Kant).

Third, values are emotively intuited. The whole of "something" is intuited by consciousness before any of the parts can fully be rationally known or assimilated. Common expressions such as "ah ha", "love at first sight," déjà vu or "the cat's pajamas" sum up this basic idea. Values are realized though personal apprehensions (i.e. "attractions" and "repulsions") of positive (and negative) qualities discoverable through our own pre-thought, pre-willed acts of preference.

Fourth, depth of emotion signals importance (intensity) of value, just as absence of feeling signals the lack. This depth structure found in emotive life correlates reciprocally to Scheler’s formulation of an upward vertical apriori hierarchy of values as forming the basis of an intuitive ethics inspired by love, emanating ultimately from the Divine.

Scheler's analysis of the strata of emotive life
For Scheler, human feelings, feeling states and emotions display a meaningful and progressive pattern of levels from our peripheral to the deeper more stable structures of personality. Scheler identified four  distinct but interrelated strata found in human emotional life.

At our most periphery we have sensible feelings (e.g., a tickle, an itch, a fragrance, a taste, pleasure, pain, hunger, thirst, intoxication…), which manifest in relative modes of joy and suffering.  These feelings are shortest in duration, extended and localizable with reference to the lived-body, and are the most readily alterable and accessible through external means and stimuli.

Next we have vital feelings or feeling states of the unitary lived-body which are experienced as a unified field or whole (e.g., comfort, health, vigor, strength, tiredness, illness, weakness, advancing age, phantom limb phenomenon…), and which manifest intentionally as fear and hope.

The remaining two strata of the emotive map belongs to the realm of individual personhood because these emotions transcend (or at least exceed) the physical restrictions of lived-body and environment; they are the least subject to arbitrary alteration; and they are also by their very nature communicable and social in character.

These are, first, the purely psychic feeling states or emotions having a characteristically ego-quality (e.g., euphoria, happiness, sympathy, enjoyment, sadness, sorrow, anger, jealousy…), and which manifest intentionally as empathy, preferring, loving, hating and willing. As representing one’s prevalent mental disposition it is important to note that psychic feeling states are alterable though acts of free will, thought and positive social interactions.

Finally, Scheler identifies spiritual feelings which differ sharply from personal psychic feeling states in that “all ego-states seem to be extinguished… [and such emotions] take possession of the whole of our being.” (e.g., bliss, awe, wonder, catharsis, despair, shame, remorse, anxiety, pangs of conscience, grief…). These types of emotions overtake and overcome us, usually quite unexpectedly.  We can not reason or will to produce such spiritual feelings.  As positive experiences, we can only open our hearts and mind and hope that they find us.

The intentional arch of positive feelings and feeling states ultimately spans from the sensible to the spiritual, or from a sort of “hedonistic nihilism” to deeper levels of personal contentment. The opposite is true for negative feeling and feeling states.

The connection between emotive life and value modalities
The structure of Scheler's stratification model of emotive life correlates to the inherent spectral type structure of value rankings, or what Scheler termed the  apriori hierarchy of value modalities. Our earlier analogy to color perception illustrates this point. Just as all colors we intuit (see) are derivative of the pure spectrum or hues as when pure ("white") light is refracted through a prism, so too all intuited (felt) values are derivative of the apriori hierarchy of value modalities as when Divine love is apprehended through a purely ordered heart (Ordo Amoris).

Scheler's claim is that these value modalities are  constant and unchanging throughout history, forming a basis for objective non-formal ethics.  From lowest to highest these modalities (with their respective positive and corresponding negative dis-value forms) are as follows: sensual values of the agreeable and the disagreeable; vital values of the noble and vulgar; mental (psychic) values of the beautiful and ugly, right and wrong and truth and falsehood; and finally values of the Holy and Unholy of the Divine and Idols.

The logical implication of all the above is that human beings will naturally prefer a positive value (i.e., value situation) over a negative value (or dis-value), such as when life seems to tragically descend in a self-perpetuating spiral of negative emotions (envy, anger, jealousy, spite, hate, revenge)--a psycho-philosophical problematic termed Ressentiment. Furthermore, human beings will naturally prefer values of a higher ranking over those of a lower to the extent that they will invest time, work and sacrifice to order to attain them: for example, people will routinely defer a measure of immediate gratification in order to secure a child's education, their own retirement, etc.

Hence, the relativity of value experience transitions to the beginnings of an objective morality which ensures personal fulfillment and transcendence. Since all ethics must ultimately advise our decisions in some way, Scheler’s non-formal value-based ethics promises to potentially achieve this end through our cognitive understanding and channeling of the advance information offered through our emotive life.

Philosophy vs. psychology: a relation of synergy
Critics and admirers alike find Scheler's ethics susceptible to flights of romanticism as "decisively canceling the normative character of ethical acts." No surprise since a non-formal ethics does not rely on a system of rules or principles, but only implicit suggestions.  More pragmatic applications of Scheler's principles might best be implemented under the controlled guidance of therapeutic psychology.

Scheler’s ideas are inspiring to anyone who shares a common philosophical belief in the fundamental value of persons and in developing each of us to our optimum potential. This is all the more true when we consider just what this might mean for a well-ordered free and democratic society.

However, extreme care should be taken not to assume Scheler’s philosophy is somehow based purely in some sort of progressive bottom-up psychology: for example, Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, or Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development.  This is particularly important since Scheler’s relied extensively on hierarchical “stratification” models as a sort of general motif for his philosophy as a whole, as well as for a wide range of editorial topics.  In spite many striking content similarities with scientific psychological theories, Scheler’s philosophy is, by contrast, first and foremost a serviceable speculative top-down emanation model, guided by love and values, and based upon dualistic metaphysical principals  of Vital Urge (Drang) and Spirit (Geist).

Likewise, science alone can not fully account the sustaining spiritual forces that lift man and culture beyond the limitations of practical necessity, adaptation and natural selection. When scientific method can no longer design a model to verify what the scientist suspects, he becomes a philosopher of sorts...that is when the scientific community considers that member to have gone "soft in the head"—a distinction which ironically includes most of the best and brightest of science.

See also
Max Scheler's concept of ressentiment
Ressentiment

References

Sources
Scheler, Max, Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values. Trans. Manfred S. Frings and Roger L. Funk. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973.
Scheler, Max, On the Eternal in Man. Trans. Bernard Noble. Hamden: Shoe String Press, 1972.
Scheler, Max, Man’s Place in Nature. Trans. Hans Meyerhoff. New York: Noonday, 1973.
Scheler, Max, The Nature of Sympathy. Trans. Peter Heath. Hamden: Shoe String Press, 1973.
Scheler, Max, Philosophical Perspectives. Trans. Manfred S. Frings. Boston: Beacon, 1958.
Scheler, Max, Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge. Trans. Manfred S Frings. Ed, Kenneth W. Stikkers. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1980. Hamden: Shoe String Press, 1972.
Scheler, Max, Ressentiment. Trans. William W. Holdheim. Introduction by Lewis A. Coser. New York: Schocken, 1972.
Scheler, Max, On the Eternal in Man. Trans. Bernard Noble. Hamden: Shoe String Press, 1972.
Scheler, Max, Selected Philosophical Essays. Trans. David R. Lachterman. “The Idols of Self-Knowledge,” “Ordo Amoris,” “Phenomenology and the Theory of Cognition,” “The Theory of Three Facts,” and “Idealism and Realism.” Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973.
Frings, Manfred S. Max Scheler: A Concise Introduction into the World of a Great Thinker. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1996.
Frings, Manfred S. The Mind of Max Scheler: The First Comprehensive Guide Based on the Completed Works. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2001.
Luther, Arthur R. “The Articulated Unity of Being in Scheler’s Phenomenology. Basic Drive and Spirit.”  Max Scheler (1874–1928) Centennial Essays, Ed. Manfred S. Frings. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1974.
Emad, Parvis. “Person, Death and World” Max Scheler (1874–1928) Centennial Essays, Ed. Manfred S. Frings. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1974).
Wojtyla, Karol (Pope John Paul II). The Acting Person. Trans. Potocki Andrzej. Boston: Kluwer, 1979.
Buttiglione, Rocco. Karol Wojtyla: The Thought of the Man who Became Pope John Paul II, trans. Paolo Guietti, Francesca Murphy. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1997.
Welch, E. Parl. “Max Scheler’s Phenomenology of Religion.” Diss. University of Southern California, 1934.
Czopek, Michael J. “Max Scheler’s Problem of Religion: A Critical Exposition.” Diss. Chicago: DePaul University, 1981.

External links
 Prof. Frings' Max Scheler website

Phenomenology
Emotion
Humanistic psychology
Axiology


Ripley Hitchcock (born James Ripley Wellman Hitchcock; 1857–1918) was a prominent American editor. He edited the works of Rudyard Kipling, Arthur Conan Doyle, Zane Grey, Joel Chandler Harris, Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser.

Biography
Ripley Hitchcock was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts on July 3, 1857. His father was surgeon Alfred Hitchcock (1813-1874). He graduated from Harvard University in 1877. After his graduation, he was a special student at Harvard in fine arts and philosophy. He attended lectures at the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons for one year.

He started work as a journalist for The New York Tribune in 1882. In 1890, he became literary adviser for D. Appleton & Company, in which capacity he edited Edward Noyes Westcott's narrative David Harum (1898) into a bestseller, later made into a film. From 1902 to 1906, he worked for A. S. Barnes as vice president. From 1906 onwards, he worked as an editor for Harper and Brothers. He unfanged Stephen Crane's lewd details and Theodore Dreiser's irony.

He also wrote books on art and the history of the West and was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Century Association and the Authors Club.

He married Martha Barker Wolcott on May 23, 1883. She died in 1903, and he remarried to Helen Sanborn Sargent on January 7, 1914. They had two sons.

Ripley Hitchcock died at the Park Avenue Hotel in Manhattan on May 5, 1918.

Bibliography

The Western Art Movement (New York, 1885)
A Study of George Jenness, with a catalogue of the Jenness exhibition (1885)
Etching in America (1886)
Madonnas by old masters (1888)
Some American painters in water colors: Fac-similes of new works by William D. Smedley ... [et al.] ; with portraits of the artists and representations of their work in black-and-white (1890)
Thomas De Quincey: A study (1899)
Louisiana Purchases Explorations Early History Building Of West (1903)
Richard Henry Stoddard: Some personal notes (1903)
The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1905)

References

External links
 Finding aid to Ripley Hitchcock papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

1857 births
1918 deaths
Harvard University alumni
American editors
People from Fitchburg, Massachusetts
New York College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni


The California Cured Fruit Association was formed by plum growers in the Santa Clara Valley, the country's largest center of production, in 1900 to handle distribution of the dried fruit. There were well over three thousand members, which included farmers in other parts of the state.

The driving force in the association was its President Hiram Bond who with his brother Elmer Monroe Bond, a New York produce dealer, owned a plum nursery, vineyard and winery in Santa Clara, California.

There were wide swings in the price of prunes depending on time from the harvest. In 1901, the Association built a large dried fruit warehouse near Santa Clara's railroad station. The Cured Fruit Association disbanded in 1903. That year there was an unusually successful plum crop too large to be processed or stored in the association's warehouses. Farmers who were faced with rotting fruit sold outside of their agreement at less than the association approved price. A group of dissident members managed to obtain a majority and had the organization disbanded.

In 1916, Rosenberg Brothers took over the warehouse for its dried prune and apricot operation. Many of the farmers involved were later active in the California Prune Board which in 2000 became the California Dried Plum Board. In 2019 a decision reverted the name of the organization.

References

External links
 Homepage: California Prune Board

1900 establishments in California
Non-profit organizations based in California
1903 disestablishments in California
History of Santa Clara County, California
Food and drink in the San Francisco Bay Area
Agriculture in California


Papyrus 79 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓79, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to the Hebrews. The surviving texts of Hebrews are verses 10:10-12,28-30.

The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 7th century.

The text was not corrected. The letters have Coptic shape.

 Text
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

 Location
It is currently housed at the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (Inv. no. 6774) in Berlin.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading

 Kurt Treu, Neue neutestamentliche Fragmente der Berliner Papyrussammlung, Archiv für Papyrusforschung 18 (Berlin: 1966), pp. 37–48.
 M. Mees, Einige Verse aus den Hebräerbrief nach einem neugefundeten Papyrus, Orient Press I (Rome: 1970), pp. 43–46.
 G. H. R. Horsley, New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity 2 (Macquarie University, 1982) pp. 125–140.

Images

 Leaf from 𝔓79 recto
 Leaf from 𝔓79 verso

New Testament papyri
7th-century biblical manuscripts
Papyri in the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
Epistle to the Hebrews papyri


Psilostomatidae is a family of trematodes in the order Plagiorchiida. They parasitise aquatic vertebrates as definitive hosts.

The genera placed here are:
 Astacatrematula Macy & Bell, 1968
 Gyrosoma Bryd, Bogitsh, Maples, 1961
 Mesaulus Braun, 1902
 Pseudopsilostoma Yamaguti, 1958
 Psilochasmus Luhe, 1909
 Psilostomum Looss, 1899
 Psilotornus Byrd & Prestwood, 1969
 Ribeiroia Travassos, 1939
 Sphaeridiotrema Odhner, 1913
 Stephanoproraoides Price, 1934

References

Animal parasites of vertebrates
Trematode families


The Lawrence Arts Center is located in Lawrence, Kansas, United States.  It is a regional hub for visual and performing arts, contemporary exhibitions, film, and lectures.  These programs are strengthened by fully developed curricula in ballet and modern dance, theater performance, and visual arts that observe National Core standards.  It employs over 120 teaching artists, and hosts entrepreneurship, professional development and artist-in-residencies for artists across disciplines.  It enrolls 10,000 students annually, offers a robust financial aid program and greets over 200,000 visitors and audience members each year.

History
The Lawrence Arts Center was established in 1975 and was originally housed in the Carnegie Library building at 200 West 9th Street.   In 2002, the Lawrence Arts Center Center opened a new facility featuring 40,000 square feet of programming spaces including: 3 exhibition galleries, a 300 seat main stage theater, a 100 seat Black Box Theatre, 2 dance studios, 2 arts-based early education classrooms, and 7 visual arts studios. The Lawrence Arts Center offers year-long residencies in printmaking and ceramics and short term project-based residencies in various mediums. Featured programs include Summer Youth Theatre, the Lawrence Dance Intensive, the Benefit Art Auction, the Ceramics Symposium, the Print Fair, and the annual Free State Festival - a celebration of film, music, art and ideas. Located 30 minutes from Kansas City, Lawrence is home to the University of Kansas and Haskell Indian Nations University.

The founder and first Executive Director was Ann Evans, who retired at the end of 2007. David L. Leamon acted as Executive Director from 2008-2009. Susan Tate, a former Humanities and English teacher at Lawrence High School, led the organization as the Chief Executive Officer from 2009 through 2016. Kimberly Williams was the Chief Executive Officer from 2016- 2017. In May 2018, Margaret Weisbrod Morris, the Lawrence Arts Center's Chief Program Officer, accepted the position of Chief Executive Officer.

References

External links
 Lawrence Arts Center

Arts centers in Kansas
Performing arts centers in Kansas
Buildings and structures in Lawrence, Kansas
Tourist attractions in Lawrence, Kansas
Education in Douglas County, Kansas


EF-Ts (elongation factor thermo stable) is one of the prokaryotic elongation factors. It is found in human mitochondria as TSFM. It is similar to eukaryotic EF-1B.

EF-Ts serves as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable), catalyzing the release of guanosine diphosphate from EF-Tu.  This enables EF-Tu to bind to a new guanosine triphosphate molecule, release EF-Ts, and go on to catalyze another aminoacyl tRNA addition.

Structure
The protein Qβ-Replicase is a tetrameric protein, meaning it contains four subunits. These subunits are the two elongation factors, EF-Tu & EF-Ts, the ribosomal protein subunit S1, and the RNA dependent RNA polymerase β-subunit. The two elongation factors form a heterodimer structure known as The Elongation factor complex, which is necessary for the polymerization activity of the RDRP β-Subunit. Its secondary structural components consists of α-helices, β-sheets and β-barrels.

EF-Ts comprises the majority of the top portion of the protein, while EF-Tu makes up the bottom half where the beta barrels are seen. The conformation is considered to be open, when no guanine nucleotide is bound to the active site in EF-Tu. The EF-Ts chain contains four important domains, the C-terminal domain, N-terminal domain, Dimerization domain, and the Core domain which all play a specific role in the protein's structure and functionality. The dimerization domain contains four anti-parallel α-helices which is the main source of contact between EF-Tu and EF-Ts to form the dimer structure

Domains
The N-terminal domain spans from resides 1-54 (n1-n54), Core domain is from n55-n179, the Dimerization domain is from n180-n228, and lastly the C-terminal domain that is from n264-n282. the core domain contains two subdomains, C and N which interact with domains 3 and 1 of EF-Tu respectively.

Elongation process pathway
EF-Ts functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor, it catalyzes the reaction of EF-Tu*GDP ( inactive form) to EF-Tu*GTP (active). EF-Tu (active) then delivers the aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. Therefore, EF-Ts main role is recycling EF-Tu back to its active state in order to complete another elongation cycle.

The majority of this pathway is performed through conformational changes of EF-Tu domain 1 which contains the active site and manipulation of the switch 1 & 2 regions by the ribosome and tRNA. First, in domain 1 of EF-Tu the GTPase activity site is blocked by a series of hydrophobic residues that block the catalytic residue His 84 in the inactive form prior to activation via EF-Ts. Once the tRNA is bound to EF-Tu, it is then delivered to the Ribosome which hydrolyses the GTP leaving EF-Tu with a lower affinity to bind the tRNA. The ribosome does this through manipulation of the switch 1 region, after GTP hydrolysis the secondary structure switches from primarily α-helices to β-hairpin. EF-Tu is then released from the ribosome in the inactive state completing the cycle until activated once again by EF-Ts.

Helix D of EF-Tu must interact with the N-terminal domain of EF-Ts for guanine nucleotide exchange. A recent study researched the reaction kinetics of the guanine nucleotide exchange by mutating certain residues on helix D of EF-Tu in order to see the primary residues involved in the pathway.  Mutation of Leu148 and Glu 152 decreased the rate at which EF-Ts N-terminal domain binds to Helix D significantly, concluding these two residues play an important role in the reaction pathway.

Amino acid conservation between organisms
This article focuses on EF-Ts as it exists in Qβ-Bacteriophage, however many organisms use a similar elongation process with proteins that have nearly the same function as EF-Ts. EF-Ts belongs to the group of proteins known as guanine nucleotide exchange factors and these proteins function in many different biochemical pathways, it also belongs to the tsf superfamily. Majority of the amino acid conservation seen between other organisms is located in the N-terminal domain where EF-Ts bind to EF-Tu and the guanine nucleotide exchange occurs. below is the alignment of the important N-Terminal domain of EF-Ts as it exists in other organisms.

 E.Coli:       8-LVKELRERTGAGMMDCKKALT-20
 LacBS:     8-LVAELRKRTEVSITKAREALS-20
 Bos Taurus:8-LLMKLRRKTGYSFINCKKALE-20
 Drosophila:8-ALAALRKKTGYTFANCKKALE-20

Conserved amino acids in all four are Leu12 and Arg18 (letters seen in bold above), it can be concluded that these two residues play an important role in the guanine nucleotide exchange since they are the only two completely conserved. In Eukaryotes EF-1 performs the same function, and the mechanism for guanine nucleotide exchange is nearly identical, as EF-Ts but is structurally dissimilar.

See also
 Prokaryotic elongation factors
 EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable)
 EF-G (elongation factor G)
 EF-P (elongation factor P)
 Protein translation
 GTPase

References

Protein biosynthesis


The Tred Avon River (a corruption of "Third Haven River") is a main tributary of the Choptank River in Talbot County on Maryland's Eastern Shore. The river is  long.

Geography
The Tred Avon's headwaters are located approximately  southeast of Easton, the county seat. The river flows  roughly west past the city then widens and flows southwest about  to the mouth just south of Oxford at Benoni Point. The mouth is marked by the Choptank River Light, a 35-foot spider in the main channel.

Name
"Tred Avon" is a corruption of "Third Haven." It follows the dropped 'h' characteristic of early Chesapeake sailors from western England. The United States Geological Survey's Geographic Names Information System lists the following variant names for the Tred Avon River:
Third Haven Creek
Third Haven River
Threadhaven Creek
Trad Avon River
Tread Haven Creek
Treavon Creek
Tred Aven River
Tred Haven River
Tredaven Creek
Tredaven Creeke
Tredavon Creeke
Tredhaven Creek
Trudhaven River

History

With the colonial port of Oxford founded near its mouth between 1666 and 1668, the river served as a major shipping lane in the international tobacco trade until the end of the American Revolutionary War, when wheat became the Eastern Shore's main cash crop and Oxford's monopoly on colonial trade ended, leading to an economic downturn. With the decline in trade came a post-Civil War rise in oyster harvesting, causing a renewed local economic boom lasting until the depletion of oyster beds in the Tred Avon and lower Choptank in the 1920s from overharvesting.

Maryland governor Martin O'Malley sought to revive the river's oyster beds through citizen participation by initiating the "Marylanders Grow Oysters" project in September 2008, which encourages waterfront property owners to grow oysters from their piers using cages; after a 9- to 12-month growing period, the oysters are moved to a protected sanctuary in the Tred Avon.

The Oxford–Bellevue Ferry, believed to be the oldest privately operated ferry service in the United States, offers shuttle service across the river from April to November.

See also

Chesapeake Bay
List of Maryland rivers

References

External links

NOAA nautical chart 12266 – Chesapeake Bay: Choptank River and Herring Bay (showing Tred Avon River)
Marylanders Grow Oysters

Tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay
Rivers of Maryland
Rivers of Talbot County, Maryland


John Francis Gaha (14 April 1894 – 18 March 1966) was an Australian politician. Born in Narrabri, New South Wales, he was educated at St Joseph's College in Sydney and the National University of Ireland, becoming a doctor and a house surgeon in Dublin. Returning to Australia in 1920, he settled in Tasmania, where he established a private practice at Hobart; he was a health officer 1925–1929. In 1933, he was elected as a Labor member to the Tasmanian Legislative Council for Hobart, serving as Minister for Health 1934–1943. In 1943, he transferred to federal politics, winning the House of Representatives seat of Denison by defeating sitting United Australia Party MP Arthur Beck. He retired from federal politics in 1949, returning to Tasmanian politics as a member for Denison in the House of Assembly in 1950. He was chief secretary, Minister for Police and Minister for Transport 1959–1961. Gaha left the Assembly in 1964 and died two years later in 1966.

References

External links
 Condolence motion in Hansard

Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Denison
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
1894 births
1966 deaths
Alumni of the National University of Ireland
20th-century Australian politicians


François Wittert ( – 12 June 1610) was a Dutch admiral in the service of the Dutch Republic.

Early life
François Wittert was born in Rotterdam, the son of Hendrik Adriaenz. Wittert and Volckgen Clementsdr. van Overschie.

Naval career
He was an officer on the ship Rotterdam, part of an expedition of 14 ships that sailed on 17 June 1602, from Texel under the command of Wybrand van Warwijck, to the East Indies. His destination was Bantam. Once there, the king of Bantam gave the Dutch permission to build a fort to serve as a factory. Wittert was appointed as its president. He was also the first governor of Bantam from 1603 to 1605. After his return to the Netherlands, Wittert was appointed as vice-admiral of an expedition of 13 ships, that set sail towards East India on 22 December 1607, under command of Admiral Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff.

On 18 August, presumably 1608, Wittert ravaged Mozambique. He arrived at Bantam in 1609, and went on to erect a lodge on Sulawesi. On 22 May 1609, Verhoeff was killed by the Bandanese, and Wittert succeeded him as admiral. On 22 June, the King of Ternate signed a favourable agreement with him. On 22 September, Wittert sailed to the Philippines, where he landed on the island Mortir, which he named Nassau, before he sailed for Manila to do battle with the Spanish there in order to remove the Moluccas from Spanish authority.

He was able to capture 23 merchants vessels, winning a huge amount of plunder, but he was ambushed in Manila by a superior force on 23 April 1610, and killed. His base of operations was an island called Islas Hermanas near Manila, also called Witterts Island. This island was a future point of operations for Dutch expeditions.

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

16th-century Dutch military personnel
17th-century Dutch military personnel
1570s births
1610 deaths
Admirals of the navy of the Dutch Republic
Military personnel from Rotterdam


Super-Pharm () is an Israeli multinational pharmacy chain. It also operates in Poland, Trinidad and Tobago and previously operated in China. Super-Pharm was founded by Murray Koffler with his two oldest children, Leon and Theo. The pharmacy uses a similar logo, and has private-label brands (such as Life), as Shoppers Drug Mart in Canada, which was also founded by Koffler.

History
In 1921, Leon Koffler began the story of Koffler Drug Stores.  In 1941, his son Murray Koffler inherited the two drug stores, called "Koffler's Drugs"; by 1962, Koffler's had grown to a chain of 17 pharmacies, which Murray then renamed "Shoppers Drug Mart" in the 1970s. During the 1970s, Koffler visited Israel; following this visit, he decided to set up a chain similar to his one in Canada. Co-founded with his son Leon and daughter Theo. The first Super-Pharm pharmacy was opened in the Neve Amirim neighbourhood of Herzliya, Israel in 1979.

Theo Koffler, co-founder and VP, focused on the cosmetic marketing and strategic operational planning.

The drug store was different from pharmacies in the past in that it was open on the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday), and sold products that were not drugs. Two years later, they opened a second pharmacy in Jerusalem; 1985 saw the opening of a Super-Pharm branch in the Ayalon shopping mall, which was their first location in a shopping mall.

In July 2007, Bank Leumi acquired 18% stake in for 190 million shekels. This gave Super-Pharm a company value of NIS 1.05 billion shekels.

On 4 January 2011, the trade publication Chain Drug Review recognized Super-Pharm as the Global Chain Drug Retailer of the Year for 2010.

In April 2019, Union Group headed by the Horesh family bought approximately 34% of Super-Pharm from the present investors Leumi Investments, Discount Investments and Leon Koffler.

Private label
Since 1995, Super-Pharm have sold products under their private label Life, and LifeStyle, both of which Shoppers Drug Mart also sells. This brand includes more than 400 different products from toiletries, to medicine, to food products.  In 2007, the Life brand made up approximately 13% of their total sales.

Operation

Israel (Company Origin)

Since opening its first store in 1978, Super-Pharm has grown to 235 stores spread across the entire country. It has achieved the position as the largest drugstore chain in Israel. Super-Pharm is one of the country’s largest employers of non-Jewish Israelis, with close to 20% of their workforce, about 1,000 employees (out of 5,800), are Israeli Arabs; additionally, 25 of the chain's associates franchise stores are owned by Israeli Arabs.

Poland
In 2001, the Super-Pharm opened its first branch in Poland. As of 2011, the chain operates 33 branches throughout the country. Annual sales of the Polish chain for 2010 are estimated to reach $150 million.

Trinidad and Tobago
Since being established In 2004, the company currently has nine locations and is the largest retail pharmacy chain in Trinidad and Tobago.

China
In 2005, the company started operating in China in a joint venture with China's partners; as of 2010, the company operated 87 stores in the country.

References

External links

 Super Pharm in Israel
 Super Pharm in Poland
Super Pharm in Trinidad and Tobago

Retail companies of Israel
Retail companies established in 1978
Pharmacy brands
Israeli brands

Stores
 || 235 Stores

 || 87 Stores

 || 33 Stores

 || 9 Stores

The Company Might Open More Stores And The Information Above Will Have To Be Changed.**
edited 17th of april 2022


Sourav Dubey is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman who currently plays for Tripura.

Dubey made five appearances for Tripura Under-22s in the CK Nayudu trophy competition of 2007–08, scoring a half-century in his first appearance, and a century in his third. Although his form for the Under-22s stumbled towards the end of the competition, he made his List A debut in February 2008 – finishing close to a century in his second game.

Dubey made his first-class debut in the 2008-09 Ranji Trophy, against Services.

External links
Sourav Dubey at Cricket Archive

Living people
Sportspeople from Gorakhpur
Indian cricketers
Tripura cricketers
Cricketers from Uttar Pradesh
Year of birth missing (living people)


Ivan Soll (born Albert Ivan Soll; born March 1938) is an American philosopher who is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States.  He taught at UW from 1965 until his retirement in May 2011.  His teaching and research focused on the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosophy in general, existentialism, aesthetics, and various figures of continental philosophy.

Background
Soll was a student of Nietzsche scholar and translator Walter Kaufmann while at Princeton University.  Soll completed his A.B. at Princeton University in 1960 with a senior thesis titled "Futility, Freedom and Freud: A Critical Triptych on the Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre".  He then pursued graduate studies in philosophy at Harvard University, the University of Munich, and Princeton University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1966 with a dissertation titled "Hegel’s Search For Absolute Knowledge".

Soll taught the majority of his academic career at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.  He came to UW-Madison as an instructor in philosophy in 1964, and taught there until his retirement in May 2011.  He was promoted to assistant professor in 1966, promoted again to associate professor with tenure in 1969, and to full professor in 1973.  He has also held visiting professorships at Justus-Liebig University (Germany), the University of Auckland, and the Bosphorus University, Istanbul.  His philosophical interests include continental philosophy - especially German philosophy, Friedrich Nietzsche, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and existentialism generally.  He also focused on the intersections of philosophy and literature, the history of philosophy, aesthetics, philosophical psychology, and philosophy of life.

He has published widely in aesthetics, and complements his academic knowledge with expert proficiency in the manufacture of fine art books.  Ivan has exhibited his hand-crafted art books in many galleries around the world, and he has integrated the experience in doing so with his academic work.  In the area of German philosophy, he has written the influential Introduction to Hegel's Metaphysics, has authored more than 50 scholarly articles, and has given nearly 130 talks at various national and international venues.

Soll has been the recipient of NEH, ACLS, and UW-Madison IRH fellowships, as well as a Bellagio fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation and a German D.A.A.D award.  He has frequently been the lead professor at UW-Madison study abroad programs: in London (twice), Florence (five times) and Budapest (twice).

Ideas, Activities and Contributions
Soll established his reputation among Nietzsche scholars with his 1973 essay "Reflections on Recurrence: A Re-Examination of Nietzsche's Doctrine" which puts forth a novel interpretation of Nietzsche's idea of the eternal recurrence.  Soll's interpretation states that the literal possibility of the eternal recurrence is not as important as taking on the idea for what its consequences imply.  He argues that the implications of this idea force the individual to evaluate past, current, and future life choices.

Documented in the book Genius In Their Own Words: The Intellectual Journeys of Seven Great 20th-Century Thinkers edited by David Ramsay Steele (foreword by Arthur Danto) a mediated series of questions posed by Soll were presented to the famed French existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre on various aspects of Sartre's philosophy with Sartre providing his answers to Soll's questions.

Soll contributed three introductions to Walter Kaufmann's Discovering the Mind series of books which were some of the last published works from Kaufmann.  Soll has also authored several encyclopedia entries on different topics of philosophy.  He continues to be discussed by younger Nietzsche scholars like Bernard Reginster who engaged with his ideas in the 2006 book The Affirmation of Life: Nietzsche on Overcoming Nihilism.

Soll's courses on Nietzsche and Existentialism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison continue to be popular courses in the Wisconsin Philosophy Department.  He regularly teaches Introduction to Philosophy thereby introducing the discipline to many new students.

Soll and his wife, Marta Gomez, have produced original artists' books collaboratively at their Tiramisu Press in Madison, Wisconsin.

Soll was a participant in the Peter Sloterdijk lecture series seminar and conference workshop, May 19 to 23, 2008 at the  University of Warwick where he discussed the relationship between the philosophies of Sloterdijk and Nietzsche.

Soll completed an essay on Charles Darwin's influence on German philosophy for a volume on Darwin to be published in Turkey, and an essay on Nietzsche's anti-moralism for a conference in Britain in 2010.  For the 2010 Summer he taught in Istanbul.

In 2010 he gave the lead-off lecture at a conference in England on Nietzsche's Postmoralism and the keynote address in German, titled Lob der Illusion (In Praise of Illusion), at a conference in Germany.

Ph.D. Students
Soll served as Ph.D. Dissertation Advisor to these students:
Maudemarie Clark (Ph.D. 1976) - Nietzsche's Attack On Morality
Robert Good (Ph.D. 1978) - Sartre's Theory Of The Other
Steven Weiss (Ph.D. 1989) - Human, All-Too-Human: Nietzsche's Early Genealogical Method
Judith Norman (Ph.D. 1995) - The Idea Of Intellectual Intuition From Kant To Hegel
Robert Horton (Ph.D. 1996) - Overcoming Kant's Legacy: Schopenhauer's Theories Of Action, Will And Reason
Theodore Kinnaman (Ph.D. 1996) - The Origins Of Kant's Critique Of Judgment
Gil Shepard (Ph.D. 1999) - Schopenhauer's Metaphysics Of The Will

Partial bibliography

Original works
Introduction to Hegel's Metaphysics (University of Chicago Press, October 1969)

Articles, book chapters, and introductions
"Reflections on Recurrence: A Re-Examination of Nietzsche's Doctrine, die Ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen" Nietzsche: A Collection of Critical Essays By Robert C. Solomon (Garden City, N.Y. : Anchor Press, 1973)
"Sartre's Rejection of the Freudian Unconscious," in Paul A. Schilpp, ed., The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre, Vol.XVI (La Salle, Ill.: The Library of Living Philosophers, 1981) pp. 582–604.
Goethe, Kant, and Hegel: Discovering the Mind, Vol. 1 by Walter Kaufmann (Editor), Ivan Soll (Introduction)
Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Buber: Discovering the Mind, Vol. 2 by Walter Kaufmann (Editor), Ivan Soll (Introduction)
Freud, Adler, and Jung: Discovering the Mind, Vol. 3 by Walter Kaufmann (Editor), Ivan Soll (Introduction)
"Pessimism and the Tragic View of Life: Reconsiderations of Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy," Reading Nietzsche By Robert C. Solomon, Kathleen M. Higgins (Oxford University Press, 1990)
"Nietzsche on Cruelty, Asceticism, and the Failure of Hedonism," Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals By Richard Schacht (University of California Press, 1994)
"Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and the Redemption of Life Through Art," Willing and Nothingness: Schopenhauer as Nietzsche's Educator By Christopher Janaway (Oxford University Press, 1998)
"Nietzsche on the Illusions of Everyday Experience," Nietzsche's Postmoralism: Essays on Nietzsche's Prelude to Philosophy's Future By Richard Schacht (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
"Attitudes toward Life: the Existential Project of Nietzsche's Philosophy," International Studies in Philosophy (2002)
"On the Death of the Author: A Premature, Postmodern Postmortem," The Dialogue, Yearbook of Philosophical Hermeneutics (2002)

References

American philosophers
20th-century American philosophers
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Princeton University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
1938 births
Existentialists
American historians of philosophy
Nietzsche scholars


The House of Rechteren (also van Rechteren-Limpurg) is the name of an old noble family belonging to the Dutch and German nobility. The German branch of Counts von Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld has been mediatised.

History

The family was already noble from earliest times ("Uradel"). The first documented ancestor is Fredericus van Hekeren van der Ese (mentioned 1295) who was an adviser to Reginald II of Guelders. His grandson Frederik van Heeckeren van der Eze (1320-ca. 1386) was the head of the Heeckerens faction during the War of the Guelderian Succession. Through his marriage with 'Lutgardis van Voorst, whose ancestors owned both the  castle Rechteren near Dalfsen as well as the castle Voorst near Zwolle, the surname van Rechteren entered the family. In 1432, Frederik's grandson, Frederik van Hekeren genaamd van Rechteren († 1462) married Cunegonde van Polanen. Their son Otto van Hekeren genaamd van Rechteren († 1478) inherited Castle Rechteren and became the ancestor of the counts of Rechteren. Otto's brother, Zeger van Hekeren genaamd van Voorst, became the ancestor of the present-day barons van Voorst tot Voorst. The van Heeckeren family is related to both families.

In 1705, Joachim Heinrich Adolf van Rechteren was granted by Emperor Joseph I. the Imperial Count.  His son, Johann Eberhard Adolf (1714-1754), inherited from his mother, Countess Amalie zu Limpurg-Speckfeld, the county of Limpurg-Speckfeld. In 1806 the branch of  Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld was mediatised.
The German branch of the Counts Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld died out in 1995. Icho baron von und zu Massenbach  adopted the surname of his mother, Luitgard Countess von Rechteren-Limpurg-Speckfeld (1910-1960), and carries on the Rechteren surname in Germany.

Castle Rechteren  in Dalfsen became a property of Herman van Voorst, ancestor of the Rechteren family, in 1315. and it is still owned by the family. The family also owns Huize Almelo and the Enghuizen estate.

Coat of arms
Shield: in gold a red cross. The Rechteren coat of arms is depicted in the medieval Gelre Armorial (folio 101v).

Gallery

Literature
 Dr. D.P.M. Graswinckel and Mr. H. Hardenberg, 'Het Archief van het Kasteel Rechteren' (Zaltbommel, 1941).
 A.F.H. van Heeckeren,'Genealogie van de geslachten Van Voorst, Van Heeckeren, Van Rechteren' in: Heraldieke Bibliotheek (1876).
 Prof. Dr. J.G.N. Renaud et al., 'Het kasteel Voorst- Macht en val van een Overijsselse burcht' (Zwolle, 1983).
 J. P h. de Monté Verloren, 'Het wapen en de graventitel van den Nederlandschen tak van het geslacht van Rechteren Limpurg', in: De Nederlandsche Leeuw 57 (1939), k. 166–168.
 Mensema, A.J., Raat, R.M. de, Woude, C.C. van der, Inventaris van het huisarchief Almelo, 3 volumes, 1236 - 1917 (1933), Zwolle (1993). online version including family tree of early generations of the Van der Eze, Van Heeckeren, Van Rechteren en Van Voorst family.
 Nederland's Adelsboek 91 (2004-2005), p. 1-48.
 Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels 149 (2011), p. 309-313.
 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln Band XXVII (2012) Tafel 94–95.

References

.

Surnames
Dutch noble families
German noble families


Adrian Gibson  (3 November 1935 – 30 April 2015) was an Australian politician. Born in Hobart, Tasmania, he was educated there at Hutchins School and at the University of Tasmania where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1959. He became a barrister in 1959, as well as a company director and grazier. In 1964, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as a member of the Liberal Party, winning a by-election for the seat of Denison. He held the seat until his retirement in 1969.

Gibson was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) on Australia Day, 2014, for service to the arts, to agriculture, and to the Parliament of Australia. He resided in Armadale, Victoria. Gibson died on 30 April 2015.

References

1935 births
2015 deaths
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Denison
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
Politicians from Hobart
University of Tasmania alumni


The Week in Religion is an American religious television program broadcast on the now defunct DuMont Television Network. The series ran from March 16, 1952, to October 18, 1954. The program gave equal time to Jewish, Protestant, and Roman Catholic speakers; it was hosted by Rabbi William S. Rosenbloom, Reverend Robbins Wolcott Barstow, and Reverend Joseph N. Moody.

The program, produced and distributed by DuMont, aired on Sundays at 6pm ET on most DuMont affiliates. The series was cancelled in 1954.

See also
List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network
List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts

References

Bibliography
David Weinstein, The Forgotten Network: DuMont and the Birth of American Television (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004)
Alex McNeil, Total Television, Fourth edition (New York: Penguin Books, 1980)
Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows, Third edition (New York: Ballantine Books, 1964)

External links

DuMont historical website

DuMont Television Network original programming
1952 American television series debuts
1954 American television series endings
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
American religious television series


XXL represented Macedonia in the 2000 Eurovision Song Contest after winning the national final selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 with the song "100% te ljubam".

Before Eurovision

Skopje Fest 2000
The national final, was held on 19 February 2000 at the Universal Hall in Skopje. Katerina Krstevska and Dragan B. Kostic hosted the event. The voting was in 3 parts - an "expert" jury of 21 people (who each awarded 100 points to their favourite song), the votes of the audience in the Universal Hall (who could give 1 point to their favourite song) and televoting (with the favourite of the televoting getting 200 points, 2nd getting 180 points...). Toše Proeski won the televote with about 38,000 votes and XXL were second with about 30,000 votes.

At Eurovision

Voting

References

2000
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000
Eurovision


The Grim Reaper is a 1987 Australian television commercial aimed at raising public awareness on the dangers of AIDS. Created as part of a $3 million education campaign by the National Advisory Committee on AIDS (NACAIDS), the advertisement depicted the Grim Reaper ten-pin bowling in a bowling alley and knocking over men, women, and child "pins" which represented AIDS victims. The commercial was created by Siimon Reynolds and narrated by voice-over artist John Stanton, and was first screened on 5 April 1987. The ad was also supplemented by printed material which explained the disease and detailed preventative measures.

The commercial caused immediate controversy due to its confronting tone and imagery, and the Grim Reaper figure in the ad became unintentionally identified with gay men, provoking fear towards the LGBT community. It aired for only three weeks out of an intended six week run, cut short due to media criticism and public outcry. Nevertheless, the commercial was regarded as highly successful in raising awareness with the Australian public about the issue, with a 327% increase of calls to AIDS related hotlines during the first month of the campaign compared to the 7 months before.

In Australia, the Grim Reaper commercial has remained a memorable example of a confronting but effective government public service campaign decades since its original airing, and continues to inspire subsequent government public service advertising campaigns. It has been recognised as a landmark public health initiative.

Production

The ad was commissioned by health consultant Bill Bowtell, who was a senior advisor to Federal Minister for Health Neal Blewett. Bowtell led the Australian Federal government's response to the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s.

Background

Siimon Reynolds on the idea of the commercial:
...bowling was in my head. I was bowling every week. And I used to love the animation at Christmas with... for Scrooge, where the Grim Reaper came and visited Scrooge. And I thought, "Well, maybe the Grim Reaper could machine-gun them." Then I thought, no, that'll be a five-second ad and it'll be too short. What's another way he could kill them? He could bowl balls at them. And those two things came together.

Of course, back then, the data was unclear. In some countries—for instance, Italy—almost as many women who had AIDS as men. I think there was also a bit of a political fear that there'll be a backlash against gays if everybody thinks it's some kind of gay plague. But, you know, other countries had failed in their AIDS education because heterosexuals weren't listening. We really had to wake people up. There was a lot of information about how to stop AIDS out there, but no-one was reading it.

Filming

The commercial cost $300,000 ($750,242 in 2020) to film, and utilised a seven-foot (2.1 m) tall bowling ball on an oversized bowling alley set. The actors were told to fall to the side so the giant ball would not crush them. Reynolds asked John Stanton to sound like Richard Burton when it came to do his voice over.

Details about the ad were kept secret during production, and it was only shown to Minister for Health Neal Blewett for the first time a few days before its television debut, which resulted in a "furious argument" with Bowtell and Blewett's predictions that it would attract intense criticism. Despite its potential to create controversy, Prime Minister Bob Hawke decided not to block the rollout of the campaign.

Controversy
At the time of its release, the commercial caused immediate controversy due to its confronting tone and frightening imagery, which included scenes where children and a woman holding a baby were knocked down by the Grim Reaper, and the claim that AIDS could "kill more Australians than World War II" if left unchecked. Some detractors claimed the ad was scaremongering and created "unnecessary" fear amongst the broader community, and mounting media criticism and public hysteria cut short the campaign's intended six week run to just three weeks.

The ad also received criticism for provoking fear and hostility towards members of Australia's LGBT community and those positive with HIV. The commercial came to unintentionally identify the Grim Reaper figure in the ad with gay men, who at the time were scapegoated as spreaders of the disease and further marginalised because of this association. Australian AIDS pioneer Ron Penny regretted the fact this occurred:
The downside was that the Grim Reaper became identified with gay men rather than as the Reaper. That was what we had unintentionally produced—[the belief] by some that the Reaper was people with HIV infection, rather than the Reaper harvesting the dead.

I think there's never been anything on television or any media that has ever matched it in terms of impact, but no advertising can be without some downside, and that was never intended. But it at least made people aware and probably did change sexual practices of heterosexuals.

The narration also highlighted that "at first, only gays and IV drug users were being killed by AIDS", leaving gay men feeling insignificant and stigmatised.

Legacy

In Australia, the Grim Reaper commercial has remained an infamous and memorable example of a confronting but effective government public service campaign decades since its original airing, and has provided inspiration for a number of subsequent public service campaigns with similarly confronting imagery. It has been recognised as a landmark public health initiative.

In 2017 Australian entrepreneur Dick Smith commissioned a television commercial that invoked the original Grim Reaper ad, including the use of John Stanton as narrator, to launch his "Fair Go" wealth disparity campaign and to raise awareness of his view that the current rate of population growth in Australia is unsustainable. The ad received a mixed reception, with some calling its anti-immigration angle "racist".

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Reynolds has suggested using similar emotionally shocking Grim Reaper-style ads to improve government messaging in order to prevent the further spread of the COVID-19 virus and to scare people out of vaccine hesitancy. A 2021 commercial commissioned by the Federal government urging people to book a vaccination appointment which featured a scene of a young woman with COVID-19 struggling to breathe was likened to the Grim Reaper commercial, but was branded insensitive and ineffective by some commentators. Bill Bowtell, who commissioned the original Grim Reaper ad, said it was "misconceived in every way".

References

External links
The advertisement on YouTube

Australian television commercials
1980s television commercials
HIV/AIDS in Australia
1987 works
1987 in Australian television
Public service announcements
Controversies in Australia
Advertising and marketing controversies
Ten-pin bowling on television