Edith Evans Asbury (née Snyder; June 30, 1910 – October 30, 2008) was an American journalist who spent nearly 30 years as a reporter with The New York Times.

Biography
Born Edith Snyder on June 30, 1910, in New Boston, Ohio, she was the eldest of 16 children. After a summer job at the Cincinnati Times-Star at age 19, she left Western College for Women with a passion for journalism that would last most of her life. She married Joe Evans when she was 20 and the couple moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, where she attended the University of Tennessee, receiving bachelor's and master's degrees in American history in 1932 and 1933 respectively. She took a job as a reporter with the Knoxville News Sentinel from 1933 to 1937.

In 1937, at the height of the Great Depression, she left Knoxville and her husband (whom she later divorced) and headed to Manhattan despite the lack of any pre-planned prospects for work and wired her editor that she was quitting her job. In New York, she found a sequence of jobs with the New York Post, the New York City Housing Authority, the Associated Press and the New York World-Telegram and Sun, where she served as assistant editor for women's news. While at the World-Telegram in 1952, Asbury was elected President of the New York Newspaper Women's Club.

She married journalist Herbert Asbury in 1945; the two divorced in 1958. It was the second marriage for both. Her husband was best known for his 1928 book The Gangs of New York, which was later adapted as a screenplay for the 2002 Martin Scorsese film. Her 1971 marriage to Times assistant managing editor Robert E. Garst ended with his death in 1980.

The New York Times
She accepted a position with The New York Times in 1952 with the proviso that she be assigned to the city room and not the women's department of the paper. Her first byline in the paper was a story from December 5, 1952, on a ceremony welcoming Saint Nicholas held in Westchester County, New York. Others among her earliest stories with the paper included items about holiday shopping on Fifth Avenue, a lost canary, and the Fifth Avenue Easter Parade.

More serious work followed, including a 1955 series on the problems of the elderly. She was one of several reporters sent by the Times in 1956 to write about desegregation in the South following the Supreme Court's 1954 decision Brown v. Board of Education, which was summarized in a special eight-page section published in March 1956 and made available to the public as a reprint. Her reporting in 1958 about an unwritten ban on counseling and prescription of birth control in New York City hospitals was credited with helping overturn the ban.

Asbury was known for her tenacity; New York City Mayor John Lindsay was said to have been so angered by her that he smashed his telephone after slamming down the receiver.

Even after her retirement from the Times in 1981, Asbury continued to write for the paper, including items about travel to Europe and China. Into her 90s, Asbury would call reporters at the paper, offering suggestions on potential stories that had been overlooked.

Awards and recognition
The Women's Press Club of New York City gave Asbury its Newspaper Award of Merit for "outstanding achievement in the field of journalism of benefit to the City of New York in 1964". Asbury was recognized in 1967 with the Page One Award from the Newspaper Guild of New York for a series about a family's successful battle to adopt a blind foster child.

Asbury was also one of the first women allowed to join the Inner Circle Show in 1973.

Her health had deteriorated for two years, and she died at her home in Greenwich Village in Manhattan at age 98, on October 30, 2008. A specific cause of death was not disclosed.

Asbury's papers and correspondence are available at the La Guardia and Wagner Archives.

References

1910 births
2008 deaths
The New York Times writers
Miami University alumni
People from Greenwich Village
Writers from Knoxville, Tennessee
People from New Boston, Ohio
University of Tennessee alumni
Journalists from Ohio
20th-century American journalists


Energy Micro AS, acquired by Silicon Labs in 2013, was a Norwegian fabless semiconductor company specializing in 32-bit RISC ARM chips.  The company focused on ultra low energy consumption MCUs, SoC radios and RF Transceiver.  Its EFM32 microcontroller families are based on the ARM Cortex-M0 or M3 processor core with a feature set for low power operation.

History
Energy Micro was founded in 2007. The team consists of semiconductor experienced personnel where the President and CEO Geir Førre previously founded Chipcon, now a subsidiary of Texas Instruments. Co-founder and CTO Øyvind Janbu has experience from Chipcon, Texas Instruments, and Tandberg. Co-founder and the VP of Engineering, Eirik Jørgensen, has previously worked for Atmel. Co-founder and VP of Sales Operation, John Fjellheim, previously worked for Chipcon. In addition to the original founders the following individuals are now part of Energy Micro's management team; Andreas Koller joined from Texas Instruments as the VP of Worldwide Sales and Marketing, Zalina Shaher joined as the VP of Operations and she has former experience from Motorola and Silicon Laboratories, while Phi Hong joined as the VP of Finance.

Energy Micro's Board of Directors include Daniel Artusi, Daniel Hoste, both with several key positions in semiconductor companies. The Chairman is Torleif Ahlsand from Northzone Ventures, and Board Member Steinar Fossen from Investinor joined after the two VC companies invested a total of US$13 million in Energy Micro's first funding round.

On June 7, 2013, Energy Micro was acquired by Silicon Labs.

See also
 EFM32

References

External links

Fabless semiconductor companies
Microcontroller companies
Semiconductor companies of Norway
Companies based in Oslo
Norwegian companies established in 2007
Privately held companies of Norway


Jalan Bukit Merah () is a major arterial road in Singapore. The road starts from the junction of Alexandra Road and Queensway in the west before ending at the junction of Kampong Bahru Road.

Etymology and History
Jalan Bukit Merah was previously an unnamed dirt track before it was widened and paved over sometime in 1962. It was officially opened in December 15, 1963 by then Minister of Labor, Jek Yeun Thong. Being a state of Malaysia at that time, the road was named, "Jalan Bukit Merah", meaning "Red Hill Road" in Malay.

Today
As a major arterial road cutting through Bukit Merah New Town, it can get very congested, especially during peak hours. Jalan Bukit Merah is lined up with a mixture of residential, industrial and other amenities like Wat Ananda Metyarama Thai Buddhist Temple and Kai San Tenple.

References
Streetdirectory

Bukit Merah
Roads in Singapore


Upland Arms is a village located in Carmarthenshire, Wales, based along the A484 running between Carmarthen and Kidwelly.

Villages in Carmarthenshire


The Ancient City (), published in 1864, is the most famous book of the French historian Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (1830–1889). Taking inspiration from René Descartes, and based on texts of ancient historians and poets, the author investigates the origins of the most archaic institutions of Greek and Roman society.

In the preface of the book, he warns of the error that lies in examining the habits of ancient people with reference to those of today, when it is necessary to avoid our biases and study ancient peoples in the light of the facts.

Fustel de Coulanges sees religion and cult as the foundation of the institutions of the Greeks and Romans. Each family had their belief, their gods, and their worship. The rules of gender and family hierarchy, ownership, inheritance, etc., were governed by that cult. Over time, need has led men to regularize and make more consistent their relations with one another, and the rules that govern the family were transferred to increasingly larger units, arriving eventually at the city. Therefore, the origin of the city is also religious, as is witnessed by the practice of lustration, a periodic purification ceremony in connection with the census of all citizens, and by the public banquets in honor of local gods.

The laws originally encoded the privileges of the aristocracy, causing great discomfort to the plebs and a social revolution in which the common well-being of society became the new basis of religion. The city thus came into being for some time, until its extinction with the arrival of Christianity.

Translations
The Ancient City: A Study on the Religion, Laws, and Institutions of Greece and Rome, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.

Notes

External links
 online version

1864 non-fiction books
19th-century history books
History books about ancient Greece
History books about ancient Rome
History books about cities
History books about religion


Count of Valença (in Portuguese Conde de Valença) was a Portuguese title of nobility, created by a royal decree, dated from July 20, 1464, by King Afonso V of Portugal, and granted to Dom Henrique de Menezes, who was already 3rd Count of Viana (da Foz do Lima) and 4th Count of Viana (do Alentejo).

However, on November 12, 1471, he gave back to the Crown the County of Valença and received in exchange the County of Loulé.

Later, on December 12, 1499, by a royal decree issued by King Manuel I of Portugal, the County of Valença was granted again this time to Dom Fernando de Menezes who was already 2nd Marquis of Vila Real, 4th Count of Vila Real, 1st Count of Alcoutim, a cousin to the 1st Count.

List of the Counts of Valença
Henrique de Meneses, 4th Count of Viana, 3rd Count of Viana (da Foz do Lima) and 1st Count of Loulé;
Fernando de Menezes, 2nd Marquis of Vila Real (1463- ? ), also known as Ferdinand II of Menezes, 4th Count of Vila Real and 1st Count of Alcoutim;
Pedro de Menezes, 3rd Marquis of Vila Real (1486- ? ), also known as Peter III of Meneses, 5th Count of Vila Real
Miguel de Menezes, 4th Marquis of Vila Real (1520- ? ), also known as Michael I of Menezes, 6th Count of Vila Real
Manuel de Meneses, 5th Marquis of Vila Real (1530- ? ), also known as Manuel of Menezes, 1st Duke of Vila Real and 7th Count of Vila Real;
Miguel Luís, 6th Marquis of Vila Real (1565-1637), also known as Michael II of Menezes, 1st Duke of Caminha and 8th Count of Vila Real;
Luis de Noronha e Meneses (1570-1641), also known as Louis of Menezes, 7th Marquis of Vila Real, 9th Count of Vila Real

The counts of Valenza and Valladares (Spanish title)
When the 7th Marquis of Vila Real, 7th Count of Valença, along with his son the Duke of Caminha, was executed in Portugal for high treason in 1641, his daughter, Beatrice of Menezes, married to the Spanish Count of Medellin, remained in Spain.

To reward her fidelity towards the Spanish Habsburgs, King Philip IV of Spain gave her, the 23 March 1660, the title of Countess of Valenza and Valladares (Spanish spelling) as a Spanish title with, included today among the titles of the House of Medinaceli.

Beatrice of Menezes never returned to her homeland and this title was never recognized in Portugal

Counts of Valenza and Valladares (1660-)
Beatriz de Meneses, 1st Countess of Valenza and Valladares (1614-1668)
Pedro Damián Portocarrero, 9th Count of Medellín and 2nd Count of Valenza and Valladares (1640-1704), eldest son of the 1st Countess.
Luisa Feliciana Portocarrero, 10th Countess of Medellín and 3rd Countess of Valenza and Valladares (1641-1705), elder surviving daughter of the 1st Countess.
Guillén Ramón de Moncada, 6th Marquis of Aitona and 4th Count of Valenza and Valladares (1671-1727), eldest son of the 3rd Countess.
María Teresa de Moncada, 7th Marquise of Aitona and 5th Countess of Valenza and Valladares (1707-1756), eldest daughter of the 4th Count.
Pedro de Alcántara Fernández de Córdoba, 12th Duke of Medinaceli and 6th Count of Valenza and Valladares (1730-1789), eldest son of the 5th Countess.
Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 13th Duke of Medinaceli and 7th Count of Valenza and Valladares (1749-1806), eldest son of the 6th Count.
Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 14th Duke of Medinaceli and 8th Count of Valenza and Valladares (1780-1840), eldest son of the 7th Count.
Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 15th Duke of Medinaceli and 9th Count of Valenza and Valladares (1813-1873), elder son of the 8th Count.
Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 16th Duke of Medinaceli and 10th Count of Valenza and Valladares (1851-1879), elder son of the 9th Count.
Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 17th Duke of Medinaceli and 11th Count of Valenza and Valladares (1880-1956), elder son of the 10th Count.
Victoria Eugenia Fernández de Córdoba, 18th Duchess of Medinaceli and 12th Countess of Valenza and Valladares (b. 1956), eldest daughter of the 11th Count.

The heiress apparent is Ana Luisa de Medina, Marquise of Navahermosa (b. 1940).

See also
Duke of Vila Real
Duke of Caminha
Marquis of Vila Real
Count of Vila Real
Count of Alcoutim
List of Portuguese Dukedoms
List of Marquesses in Portugal
List of Countships in Portugal

External links
 Genealogy of the Counts of Valença, in Portuguese

Bibliography
”Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil" – Vol. III, page 467. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon 1989.

Countships of Portugal
1464 establishments in Portugal


Damien Gerard Timmer (born 20 October 1968 in Chelsea, London) is an English Joint-Managing Director of British independent production company Mammoth Screen, which was established in 2007. He has executive produced Lost in Austen, Wuthering Heights, Bouquet of Barbed Wire and Endeavour for ITV, and Margot, Blandings, Remember Me, Poldark and Christopher and His Kind for the BBC. Monroe is a new series for ITV. Parade's End is a major 5 part serial by Tom Stoppard being made for the BBC in 2011.

Damien Timmer also executive produces Marple, Poirot and Lewis for ITV, and executive produced The Prisoner with AMC / ITV Productions.

Previously, Damien Timmer was head of Granada London Drama, where he was responsible for executive producing Housewife, 49, If I Had You, Dracula, Ballet Shoes and Russell T Davies’ Casanova, starring David Tennant, made by Red Productions.

References

External links

1968 births
English businesspeople
Living people
British television producers
English television producers
People from Chelsea, London
ITV people


The 2009 National Football League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Allianz National Football League, was the 78th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland. The League began on 31 January 2009. Thirty-two Gaelic football county teams from the island of Ireland, plus London, participated.

On 26 April, Kerry defeated Derry by 1-15 to 0-15 to win their 19th league title.

Format

League structure
The 2009 format of the National Football League was a system of four divisions. The top three divisions consisted of 8 teams, and Division 4 contained nine teams. Each team played every other team in its division once, either home or away. 2 points were awarded for a win and 1 for a draw.

Tie-breaker
If two or more teams were level on points:
 Points difference (total scored minus total conceded in all games) was used to rank the teams
 If points difference was identical, total scored was used to rank the teams
 If still identical, the head-to-head game between the teams concerned was used to rank the teams

Finals, promotions and relegations
The top two teams in Division 1 contested the 2009 NFL final. The top two teams in divisions 2, 3 and 4 were promoted, and contested the finals of their respective divisions. The bottom two teams in divisions 1, 2 and 3 were relegated.

Division 1

Table

Rounds 1 to 7

Division 1 Final

Division 2

Table

Rounds 1 to 7

Division 2 Final

Division 3

Table

Rounds 1 to 7

Division 3 Final

Division 4

Table

Rounds 1 to 7

Division 4 Final

Statistics
All scores correct as of 29 March 2016

Scoring
Widest winning margin: 34
Kilkenny 0-5 - 4-27 Antrim (Division 4)
Most goals in a match: 6
Wexford 2-9 - 4-16 Armagh (Division 2)
Most points in a match: 37
Laois 0-23 - 1-14 Fermanagh (Division 2)
Most goals by one team in a match: 5
Dublin 5-22 - 0-10 Westmeath (Division 1)
Clare 5-21 - 0-4 Kilkenny (Division 4)
 Highest aggregate score: 47 points
Dublin 5-22 - 0-10 Westmeath (Division 1)
Lowest aggregate score: 16 points
Waterford 1-7 - 0-6 Carlow (Division 4)

Top scorers
Overall

Single game

References

National Football League
National Football League (Ireland) seasons


Walter Dubislav (20 September 1895 – 17 September 1937) was a German logician and philosopher of science (Wissenschaftstheoretiker).

Biography
After studying mathematics and philosophy, Dubislav attained a doctorate in 1922 with "Contributions to the theories of definition and proof within mathematical logic" (Beiträge zur Lehre von der Definition und vom Beweis vom Standpunkt der mathematischen Logik aus). In 1928 he became a private lecturer in philosophy of mathematics and the natural sciences at the Technical University of Berlin and from 1931 was Professor Extraordinarius (außerordentlicher Professor, ao. Prof.). In 1936 he emigrated to Prague.

He was joint founder (with Hans Reichenbach and Kurt Grelling) of the 'Berlin Society for Empirical (later: Scientific) Philosophy' (Berliner Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie), which, along with the Vienna Circle, is one of the points of origin of logical empiricism. The founding members of the Berlin Circle were listed as sympathisers within the Vienna Circle.

Dubislav focused on a logical and mechanistic foundation of mathematics and physics, influenced by Bernard Bolzano's "Theory of Science" (Wissenschaftslehre). He presented a formalised account of Gottlob Frege's theory of definitions.

Publications
 With Claubberg, K.W.: "A Systematic Dictionary of Philosophy" (Systematisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie). Felix Meiner, Leipzig 1923.
 "On Definitions" (Über die Definition). Weiss, Berlin 1926; 2nd edition published 1927; "Definition" (Die Definition), revised and augmented 3rd edition, Felix Meiner, Leipzig 1931; 4th edition, with an introduction by Wilhelm K. Essler, published by Meiner, Hamburg 1981 .
 "On the so-called analytic and synthetic judgements" (Über die sogennanten analytischen und synthetischen Urteile). Weiss, Berlin 1926.
 "Fries' Theory of Meaning" (Die Friessche Lehre von der Begründung) in "Representation and Criticism" (Darstellung und Kritik), E. Mattig, Dömitz 1926.
 "On the Theory of the so-called Creative Definitions" (Zur Lehre von den sog. schöpferischen Definitionen). Fulda 1928.
 "On the so-called Object in Mathematics" (Über den sogenannten Gegenstand in der Mathematik) in "The Annual Report of the German Mathematics Convention, 37" (Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung 37), pp27–48, Leipzig 1928.
 "On the Methodology of Critical Philosophy" (Zur Methodenlehre des Kritizismus). H. Beyer & Sons, Langensalza 1929.
 "Contemporary Philosophy of Mathematics" (Die Philosophie der Mathematik in der Gegenwart). (Philosophische Forschungsberichte 13) Junker & Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1932.
 "Philosophy of Nature" (Naturphilosophie). (Philosophische Grundrisse Heft 2) Junker & Dünnhaupt, Berlin 1933; also in

References

1895 births
1937 deaths
German logicians
Philosophers of science
People from Berlin
German male writers
Vienna Circle
20th-century German philosophers
Technical University of Berlin alumni


Mihailo Ivanović (; Kuči 1874 – Herceg Novi 1949) was a Montenegrin politician in the early 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the People's Party (known as klubaši) from 1906 to 1918. After unification, he was disappointed and had become an important leader of the Montenegrin Federalist Party in the assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and an Axis power collaborator

Biography
During his studied in Belgrade in 1899 he was deported from Serbia with a group of Montenegrins on the grounds that they had prepared a terrorist act. He graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Zagreb and returned to Montenegro where he worked in the court in Nikšić. Later he became a member of the High Court in the Kingdom of Montenegro.

Ivanović became a believer in Montenegrin unity with Serbia and in 1912 moved to Belgrade. He stayed there until king Nicholas I amnestied him and he returned once more to Montenegro. After the Podgorica Assembly he became a member of the Montenegrin Federalist Party. He was elected to the National Assembly in 1923, 1925, and 1927.

With the establishment of an independent Montenegro during World War II under the patronage of Italy, he participated in the St. Peter's Day Parliament which was to announce a new Montenegrin government. After the war, he lost his citizen's rights under the communist regime for having worked with the Italians.

References

1874 births
1949 deaths
Montenegrin Federalist Party politicians
Montenegrin collaborators with Nazi Germany
Montenegrin people of World War II
Representatives in the Yugoslav National Assembly (1921–1941)
World War II political leaders
Montenegrin nationalists


The Adair County News was a weekly newspaper published on Wednesdays, in Columbia, Adair County, Kentucky  The Adair County News was first published in 1887, and was last published in 1987.

History

Beginning
The Adair County News was founded by Charles S. Harris in 1887 as a Democratic alternative to Alvin A. Strange's Republican Columbia Spectator, in its first issue it was stated that the purpose of the News was that it was to serve as "a true Democratic paper, come to advocate honest convictions and defend noble principles."

References

Adair County, Kentucky
Defunct newspapers published in Kentucky
Defunct weekly newspapers
Newspapers established in 1887
Publications disestablished in 1987
1887 establishments in Kentucky
1987 disestablishments in Kentucky


Kieselstein Castle, also known as Khislstein, () is a 13th-century castle in the city of Kranj, in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

The castle stands at what was once a defensible point, guarding the city pier and crossing over the river Sava, and was predated on the site by a round 11th-century keep. The current structure was built in 1256 by the Counts of Ortenburg, by an arrangement with the lord of Kranj, Ulrich III, Duke of Carinthia. Until 1420, the tower was managed by their ministeriales or vassals, the knights von Chreinburch; in that year, it passed to Count Hermann II of Celje. During the period of Turkish incursions, the tower was incorporated into the city walls. After the extinction of the Counts of Celje in 1456, it was inherited by the Habsburgs, who sold it in the mid 16th century to Baron Hans Khiessl. Khiessl successfully petitioned Emperor Ferdinand I for the right to rename the castle after himself, and also expanded the tower into an L-shaped castle, giving it its present appearance.

The Khiessls soon sold the castle to Franz von Moscon; later owners included the Ravbar, Apfaltrer, Auersperg and finally Natalis Pagliaruzzi noble families. In 1913 the castle was purchased by the state. Between the world wars, it housed government offices; after World War II it was (somewhat redundantly) nationalized. In 1952, the building was renovated according to plans drawn up by the architect Jože Plečnik.

Today the renovated building houses the Kranj Municipal Agency for the Protection of Natural and Cultural Heritage, as well as the Upper Carniola Museum.

Sources

 Kranj municipal site
 http://www.slosi.info/01gradovi/02podrobnejse/gorenjska/k-2/kiselstajn.php
 Satellite photo of castle

Castles in Upper Carniola
Museums in Slovenia
Buildings and structures in Kranj


Erik Clarys (born 18 October 1968) is a Belgian former professional darts player who competed in events of the British Darts Organisation (BDO) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Nicknamed "The Sheriff", he was known for his unorthodox way of scoring and finishing which made him popular with fans.

BDO career
Clarys caused a major upset by winning the 1995 Winmau World Masters. Amongst his victims were future World and Masters champions Andy Fordham and Martin Adams before beating reigning Masters and World champion Richie Burnett in the final. Clarys continued to do well in tournaments, winning the Belgium National Championship four times, the Belgium Gold Cup three times, the Dortmund Open three times as well as the 1999 Swedish Open. Despite this however, he wasn't able to match these performances in other major tournaments. He played in six BDO World Championships, losing in the first round in his first four visits. He finally won a match at the Lakeside in the fifth time of asking in 2002, beating Andree Welge before losing in the second round to Raymond van Barneveld. In 2003, Clarys beat Tony Eccles and Robert Wagner en route to the quarter-finals, eventually losing again to Barneveld despite hitting a 170 checkout.

PDC career
In 2004, Clarys switched to the PDC, after qualifying for their World Championship, beating Dan Lauby and Mark Walsh to reach the third round, losing to Ronnie Baxter. Though Clarys was unable to win any titles, he had good showings in major tournaments including a quarter final place in the 2005 UK Open. He made another appearance in the PDC World Championship, beating Winston Cadogan in round one before losing to Wayne Mardle. He then went on to win the WDF German Gold Cup.

Injury and retirement
In June 2006, Clarys shattered his right elbow after falling from a ladder while at work, forcing him to withdraw from the 2006 UK Open. He was ranked 26th in the PDC world rankings at the time of his accident and was in the running for qualification for the World Matchplay. After eleven operations, Clarys has now given up all hope of returning to darts as a right-handed player. He has though begun practising throwing left-handed and stated he hoped to return to the game some day. He does however remain inactive.

World Championship performances

BDO

1997: 1st round (lost to Paul Williams 2–3)
1998: 1st round (lost to Kevin Painter 1–3)
1999: 1st round (lost to Tony Littleton 2–3)
2001: 1st round (lost to Martin Adams 1–3)
2002: 2nd round (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 0–3)
2003: Quarter-finals (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 1–5)

PDC

2004: 3rd round (lost to Ronnie Baxter 2–4)
2006: 2nd round (lost to Wayne Mardle 1–4)

Career finals

BDO major finals: 1 (1 title)

References

External links
 Profile and stats on Darts Database

1968 births
Belgian darts players
Living people
British Darts Organisation players
Professional Darts Corporation former pro tour players


Mid Down was a constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.

Boundaries
Mid Down was a county constituency comprising part of northern County Down, immediately south east of Belfast.  It was created when the House of Commons (Method of Voting and Redistribution of Seats) Act (Northern Ireland) 1929 introduced first-past-the-post elections throughout Northern Ireland.  Mid Down was created by the division of Down into eight new constituencies. The constituency survived unchanged until 1969, when it was considerably reduced in size, with areas of the seat being transferred to Lagan Valley and North Down.  It returned one Member of Parliament until the Parliament of Northern Ireland was temporarily suspended in 1972, and then formally abolished in 1973.

The seat comprised parts of the rural districts of Castlereagh, Hillsborough and Newtownards.

Politics
The seat had a substantial unionist majority and was always won by Ulster Unionist Party candidates.  It was only contested on one occasion, by a Northern Ireland Labour Party candidate who received only 23% of the votes cast.

Members of Parliament

Election results

At the 1929, 1933, 1938, 1945 and 1949 Northern Ireland general elections, J. M. Andrews was elected unopposed.

At the 1953, 1958 and 1962 Northern Ireland general elections, Jack Andrews was elected unopposed.

At the 1965 and 1969 Northern Ireland general elections, Basil Kelly was elected unopposed.

References

Historic constituencies in County Down
Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies established in 1929
Constituencies of the Northern Ireland Parliament
Northern Ireland Parliament constituencies disestablished in 1973


Bhawanipur  is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,310 people living in 477 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi  District

Populated places in Sarlahi District


KQMA is an FM radio station broadcasting on 92.5 FM from Phillipsburg, Kansas. The station began service on July 14, 1984, and was founded by Brian O'Neill. The station is currently owned and operated by RTY Broadcasting, broadcasting a Variety/Full-Service format. Playing a mix of Classic Rock, Oldies, Contemporary and Today's Hot New Country, as well as an assortment of other local programming.

External links

QMA
Full service radio stations in the United States


Henry Morgan Lloyd DSO OBE (9 June 1911 – 16 April 2001) was an Anglican priest in the second half of the 20th century. He was born into an ecclesiastical family, his father being the Revd David Lloyd, sometime Vicar of Weston-super-Mare and educated at Canford School and Oriel College, Oxford. Ordained in 1935 he was a curate at Hendon.

He then served his country during World War II as a chaplain in the RNVR. He was awarded the DSO for his actions on board HMS Illustrious in January 1941; Illustrious, escorting a convoy to Malta, was subject to fierce air attacks during which she was struck by multiple bombs. The award was for his "gallantry and exemplary conduct"; he "worked incessantly on behalf of the wounded with complete disregard for his own safety" and "was conspicuous on the quarter deck, where many wounded men were isolated and a fierce fire was burning below, far into the night". His practice of broadcasting a running commentary of the battle for the benefit of those of the crew who could not see what was happening became standard for all naval chaplains.

After the war he was Principal of Old Rectory College Hawarden and Dean of Gibraltar. Returning to England in 1960 he became Dean of Truro, a post he held for 21 years.

Notes

1911 births
2001 deaths
People educated at Canford School
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Royal Navy chaplains
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Deans of Gibraltar
Deans of Truro
World War II chaplains


West Point High School is a four-year public high school located in West Point, Virginia serving the surrounding geographic area of 6.31 square miles. School aged children living outside the town of West Point are encouraged to apply as tuition students.

West Point High School was voted a Blue Ribbon School in 2012.

West Point is one of just two towns in Virginia to have a School division (terminology for a school district in Virginia) which is independent from the school division of the county in which it is located. (The other town with an independent school division is Colonial Beach, located in Westmoreland County in the Northern Neck region.)

References

Public high schools in Virginia
Schools in King William County, Virginia


Puddling is the tillage of rice paddies while flooded, an ancient practice that is used to prepare for rice cultivation.  Historically, this has been accomplished by dragging a weighted harrow across a flooded paddy field behind a buffalo or ox, and is now accomplished using mechanized approaches, often using a walking tractor.

Puddling reduces the percolation  rates of water by churning the clay particles and making them close many of the soil pores.

References

External links
BIS specifications for Puddlers

Agricultural terminology
Rice production


The 2008–09 A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China was an A1 Grand Prix race, held at Chengdu Goldenport Circuit, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.

All proceeds from this race were donated to the Sichuan Earthquake Relief Fund, following the earthquake which devastated the region in May 2008.

Drivers
After missing the first race due to a lack of cars, A1 Teams Great Britain, India and Mexico took part in this race. Both A1 Team Pakistan and A1 Team Germany will not make their season debut until the fourth round at Taupo. Team Pakistan require more changes to their chassis to render it suitable for their lead driver Adam Khan, while Team Germany is undergoing management restructuring.

The status of A1 Team Canada was not announced, but they were removed from the race's drivers list on the A1GP website front page, and did not make an appearance. Their status for future events is still unknown.

↑ Karthikeyan and Andretti were granted special dispensation to participate in the rookie session as neither team had completed as many testing miles as the other teams with the new car.  Karthikeyan (F1) and Andretti (IRL ICS) are veteran drivers in one of the four series (F1, GP2, FN, IRL-ICS) which their drivers may not compete as A1GP rookies.

Qualifying
Due to a delay in recovering the  Italian car after spinning into a gravel trap during the first qualifying session, the second qualifying session was cancelled, meaning all times from Q1 set the field for Q1, with  Ireland taking their first ever pole position, ahead of  The Netherlands and  Switzerland.

Q4 was stopped briefly after a spin for  France. The session was resumed with teams able to make a run in time. Danny Watts for  Great Britain took pole ahead of  Ireland and  Portugal.

Sprint Race
For safety reasons, a pit stop was not required for the Sprint Race. In lap 2,  Brazil is slowing and the Safety car is on while Felipe Guimarães reach the pits. In the same lap 2,  China spun and lost some positions but finally catch up and pass  Korea on lap 7. when the Safety car is out, the order was  Ireland,  Netherlands,  Great Britain,  Switzerland,  South Africa,  Portugal,  New Zealand and  France. Those positions remain until the end of the race with the fastest lap for  Adam Carroll.

Feature Race
The second pit-stop window for the Feature Race was set for Laps 24–32.

Notes
 It was the 34th race weekend (68 starts).
 It was the 6th race in China, and the first at Chengdu Goldenport Circuit.
 It was the first race weekend as main driver for  Marco Andretti,  Robert Doornbos,  Nicolas Prost,  Chris van der Drift and  Danny Watts.
 It was the first race weekend as rookie driver for  Zahir Ali,  Christian Montanari and  Dennis Retera.
 Records:
 Adam Carroll, Danny Watts, and  Ireland scored their first pole position.
 Filipe Albuquerque and  Portugal scored their first victory.
 Adam Carroll and  Ireland scored their first Sprint Race victory.

References

External links
Oh Danny boy! (Qualifying analysis)
Ireland bounces back in Chengdu
Sprint race: as it happened
Sprint race results
Portugal storms to first victory
Feature race: as it happened
Feature race results

A1 Grand Prix Of Nations, China, 2008-09
A1 Grand Prix Of Nations, China, 2008-09
Auto races in China


Correction is a novel by Thomas Bernhard, originally published in German in 1975, and first published in English translation in 1979 by Alfred A. Knopf.

Correction’s setting is a garret in the middle of an Austrian forest, described by the narrator as the "thought dungeon" in which the main character, Roithamer, will pursue his project of constructing an extraordinary habitation, the Cone, as a present for his beloved sister. Roithamer is deeply attached to his sister; this does not, however, prevent his provoking her death, which occurs on the very day that she moves into this conic house that he has built for her with formidable effort, in the Kobernausser forest.  Roithamer has unwittingly killed his sister by forcing her to inhabit a house that was completely contrary to her own nature.

Plot summary
The Austrian main character Roithamer, lecturer at Cambridge, after years of paroxysmal projects, builds for his sister, the only person he ever loved, a house in the shape of a cone, right in the geometrically precise middle of the Kobernausser forest. Her answer to the present is death, her traumatic death on entering the Cone. The symbolism of the cone is ambiguous, as it could represent either a refuge, a mausoleum, a phallic icon, the perfect mathematical centre of existence and thought, etc.) is then destined to disappear, absorbed by an invading Nature. A typical Bernhardian maniacal character, Roithamer corrects his building project ad infinitum, and ultimately corrects it to its extreme self-correction: suicide.

Imagery and themes
The first part of the book has the narrator telling Roithamer’s story in the third person; the last part opens with the narrator still nominally telling Roithamer’s story in the third person, but gradually begins to speak directly in Roithamer’s voice, reading portions of his manuscript, where a sort of diary was kept whilst planning and building the Cone. This manuscript was in fact the focus of Roithamer's thousands of corrections, and it becomes apparent that it is being rewritten, “corrected” once again, this time through the voice of the narrator, who begins, ominously, to disappear into the language of the text. Roithamer’s story becomes increasingly obsessive and mad as it describes the construction of the Cone and the death of his sister. It concludes with the rationalisation of suicide, ending with the sentence, “The end is no process. Clearing,” and the narrator’s own voice totally dissolved into the text.

Allusions/references to actual events

Bernhard used Ludwig Wittgenstein’s biography to intersperse aspects of Roithamer’s life with similarities and create at times a parallel narration. Wittgenstein was born into great wealth, taught at Cambridge, lived austerely, worked obsessively, and spent years carefully designing and building a house for his sister (currently the Bulgarian Cultural Institute in Vienna: Haus Wittgenstein). Other elements of Roithamer come from Bernhard’s own troubled life: his love of the Austrian countryside, his hate of the Austrian state (in his famous will, he prohibited the publication or production of any of his works in Austria), and the bitter relationship with his mother.

Narrative style
Literary critics often compare Bernhard’s writing with Franz Kafka’s or Samuel Beckett's. But Bernhard’s style has its own peculiarities, a profoundly innovative form, and a much darker edge. While the characters and situations in Correction are as comical and sometimes as absurd as those in works of the above two modernists, they are also based on historical reality and a precise geography. This results in a surprising weight and closeness to the existential ground his characters tread upon. When Bernhard’s satire bends into horror as the novel progresses, there is little allegorical distance for the reader to retreat into. The culminating tragedy feels both personal and claustrophobic.

References
Bernhardiana, a Critical Anthology of Bernhard's works
"On Thomas Bernhard" by Jason M. Baskin (Boston Review, 2001)
"Reconsidering Thomas Bernhard's Correction", by David Sepanik (The Quarterly Conversation, 2005)
The Novels of Thomas Bernhard by J.J. Long (2001)
Bob Corbett's Comments on Correction (2001)

External links
 Haus Wittgenstein, the house built by Ludwig Wittgenstein for his sister Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein, in Vienna (Austrian website in German).

1975 novels
Novels by Thomas Bernhard
Alfred A. Knopf books
Novels set in Austria


Brahmapuri (Nepali: ब्रह्मपुरी) is a rural municipality in Sarlahi District, a part of Madhesh Province in Nepal. It was formed in 2016 occupying current 7 sections (wards) from previous 7 former VDCs. It occupies an area of 40.56 km2 with a total population of 39,169.

References

Populated places in Sarlahi District
Rural municipalities of Nepal established in 2017
Rural municipalities in Madhesh Province


Harmeet Singh (born 12 November 1990) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Sandefjord.

Personal life
Singh was born into an Indian Punjabi Sikh family. Singh has said that his religious background has also had an impact on him, and that as he ages, he senses a greater obligation to engage in charitable acts "because it's a significant duty as a Sikh".

Club career

Vålerenga
Singh made his league debut under Martin Andresen in a 1–1 draw against Rosenborg BK in 2008. Singh's goal on 23 September 2009 against Molde in the semi-final of the 2009 Norwegian Football Cup, was nominated Goal of the Year in Norway in 2009. In a friendly game with Vålerenga former FC Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola praised Singh heavily after the game in which he scored a goal.  With Vålerenga he won the 2008 Norwegian Football Cup and became runner-up in the 2009 Superfinalen and the 2010 Tippeligaen.

Feyenoord
On 5 July 2012, it was officially announced that he would join Dutch side Feyenoord on a two-year contract with an option for a third and fourth season for a transfer fee of €300,000. In Rotterdam he will play with squad number 16 alongside fellow Norwegian Omar Elabdellaoui who came over on a season long loan from Manchester City. Singh stated that he was delighted to play for a team in which players like Dirk Kuyt, Robin van Persie and Roy Makaay played before.

Singh made a total of seven appearances, six as a substitute during the 2012–13 season, and was an unused substitute in 23 matches. Singh asked to go on loan to another club ahead of the 2013–14 season, and he was close on joining NEC Nijmegen but the transfer did not happen. Towards the end of September 2013, Singh had not featured for Feyenoord during the new season, and stated that he wanted to leave the club in the next transfer window unless he managed to play more for the first team.

Molde
On 19 February 2014, it was announced that Singh had signed a two-year deal with Molde after leaving Feyenoord on a free transfer.

FC Midtjylland
On 1 February 2016, it was confirmed, that FC Midtjylland had signed a 3-year contract with Singh.

Molde Return
On 11 March 2016, Singh's contract with FC Midtjylland was cancelled due to failing to settle in Denmark, and he returned to Molde FK, signing an 18-month contract with the club.

Wisła Płock
On 23 March 2017, Singh signed for Ekstraklasa side Wisła Płock on an 18-month contract. After only two months and one game played, the club announced that Singh had asked for termination of his contract due to personal and family reasons.

HJK
On 15 March 2019, HJK announced the signing of Singh on a two-year contract. After making 11 appearances all season, Singh's contract was terminated with mutual understanding on 9 January 2020.

International career

Singh has represented Norway at the U15, U16, U17, U18, U19 and U21 levels. On 5 June 2009, at just 18 years of age, he made his debut for the U21s in a 1–1 draw against Estonia U21.

Singh made his debut for the senior team when he replaced Simen Brenne at half time in a 1–1 friendly draw against Denmark on 15 January 2012. He featured in all three matches in the 2012 King's Cup.

Style of play
Singh plays as a deep-lying midfielder. He is nicknamed "The Norwegian Iniesta" by international media.

Career statistics

Honours
Singh received a 'Special Recognition Award' at the Asian Football Awards. In 2010, Singh was listed as one of the "100 greatest talents out of the world" by the Spanish football newspaper Don Balón. Singh's goal on 23 September 2009 against Molde in the semi-final of the 2009 Norwegian Football Cup, was nominated Goal of the Year in Norway.

See also

 List of Sikh footballers

References

External links

 Profile at Vålerenga

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Oslo
Men's association football midfielders
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's international footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Norway men's under-21 international footballers
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Vålerenga Fotball players
Feyenoord players
Molde FK players
Wisła Płock players
Kalmar FF players
Sarpsborg 08 FF players
Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi players
Sandefjord Fotball players
Eliteserien players
Eredivisie players
Ekstraklasa players
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Expatriate men's footballers in Finland
Norwegian people of Indian descent
Norwegian Sikhs
Punjabi people
Norwegian people of Punjabi descent
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Finland
Allsvenskan players
Veikkausliiga players


The Butler House was a historic home of importance to local African American history and located at Oxon Hill, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Henry Alexander Butler, a free African American man from Charles County, moved with his family to the property in 1853, and the property has been continuously associated with the Butler family. Henry Butler became a Reconstruction era community leader, serving as trustee of the nearby Freedmen's Bureau school. The Butler House was a -story, one room deep wood-frame and log residence covered in cast stone. It sat in a secluded, forested area, adjacent to the Oxon Hill Children's Farm. As of December 2010, the house is in a severely dilapidated condition. In 2020 the house collapsed and the property was sold in 2019.

The Butler House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

References

External links
, including photo in 2004, at Maryland Historical Trust website
 M-NCPPC African-American Heritage Survey, October 1996: Other Historic Properties; Butler House, entry 76A-14 p. 130

Houses completed in 1853
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
African-American history of Prince George's County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
Oxon Hill, Maryland


Shoaib Khan (born 13 April 1985) is a left-handed Pakistani batsman who played for Quetta Bears and played four international Twenty20 matches for Pakistan in the Al-Barkah Twenty20 Tournament. He averages 16.25 with the bat with the strike rate of 81 in International Twenty20. In February 2021, he began to undertake coaching courses with the Pakistan Cricket Board.

References

1985 births
Living people
Baluchistan cricketers
Pakistani cricketers
Pakistan Twenty20 International cricketers
Quetta cricketers
People from Pishin District
Cricketers from Balochistan, Pakistan
Baluchistan Bears cricketers
Quetta Bears cricketers
Pashtun people


South African War Memorial or Boer War Memorial, may refer to:

Australia
Anning Monument, Tingalpa, Brisbane, Queensland
Boer War Memorial, Allora, Toowoomba Region, Queensland
Boer War Memorial, Gatton, Lockyer Valley Region, Queensland
Boer War Veterans Memorial Kiosk and Lissner Park, Charters Towers, Queensland
Coronation Lamp War Memorial, Mount Morgan, Rockhampton Region, Queensland
South African War Memorial, Brisbane, Queensland
South African War Memorial (South Australia)

Canada
South African War Memorial (Halifax)
South African War Memorial (Toronto)
Boer War Memorial (Montreal)
South African War Memorial (Ottawa), see Canadian war memorials

Ireland
Fusiliers' Arch, Dublin

South Africa
Anglo-Boer War Memorial (Johannesburg)

United Kingdom
South African War Memorial, Cardiff
Boer War Memorial, Crewe, also known as the South African War Memorial
South African War Memorial, Richmond Cemetery, London
The Last Shot/South African War Memorial, Manchester - see List of public art in Greater Manchester
Boer War Memorial, Winsford, Cheshire
Second Boer War Memorial, York

See also

 Boer War (disambiguation)


Cameron James Kalana Higgins (born March 28, 1988) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football at Weber State. Higgins has led WSU to an 18-5 Big Sky Conference record and 22-11 overall record since taking over the starting position during the fourth game of his freshman season in 2007.

Higgins set school records for most career passing yards (12,274), most career touchdowns passes (98), most career total touchdowns (105), most career pass completions (935), and career passing efficiency rating (144.5). His 98 career touchdown passes is also the most in Big Sky Conference history, and his 12,261 yards of total offense is the third most. Higgins currently holds several school passing records and two Big Sky records heading into his senior season.

In 2011, he earned the Weber State Male Athlete Career Achievement Award for his success with the 'Cats.

High school
Cameron Higgins was born on March 28, 1988. He played high school football at Saint Louis High School in Honolulu, Hawaii. He earned Honorable Mention All-State Honors in 2005. He helped his team defeat defending state champion Kamehameha High three times in a row. He Was named to the Hawai'i All-Star team which played the Samoa All-Stars.

College

2007
In 2007 as a freshman, Higgin's efficiency rating of 143.20 was the second best mark in the Big Sky Conference, behind league MVP Matt Nichols (156.5) of Eastern Washington. Higgins took over at quarterback for unsuccessful Alabama transfer Jimmy Barnes during the fourth game of the year. In WSU's 73-68 shootout win at Portland State University (a then-national record for combined points scored in a game), he passed for 334 yards and threw four touchdowns. In that same game, he also rushed for 106 yards and three touchdowns. His 440 total offensive yard effort was the 10th best single game effort in WSU football history. Higgins was named the 2007 Big Sky Conference Newcomer of the Year and was an Honorable Mention All-Big Sky selection.

2008
In Higgins' sophomore season, he put together one of the best seasons in the history of the Big Sky. His 4,477 passing yards set a single-season conference record, which also led the nation at the Football Championship Subdivision level. Also, Higgins' 36 touchdown passes tied for the national lead. WSU was selected to finish no better than 5th in the Big Sky by the coaches and media preceding the season and Higgins led WSU to a 7-1 conference mark and a share of the Big Sky title, WSU's first in 40 years. He was added to the Walter Payton Award watch list for the nation's best offensive player midway through the season after WSU's 5-0 conference mark. He would get enough votes for 6th place in the final voting. Higgins was voted Big Sky Conference Player of the Year, first-team All-Big Sky, and third-team All-American. Higgins' defining moment may have come when he orchestrated an impressive game in the opening round of the FCS playoffs, completing 21-33 passes (no interceptions) for 399 yards and two touchdowns in WSU’s stunning 49-35 road win at highly touted No. 3-ranked Cal Poly.

Coaching career
In 2014, Higgins was named the head coach of Kaiser High School after Rich Miano stepped down. It was announced in 2016 that Higgins had stepped down as head coach.

Head coaching record

Statistics

References

1988 births
Living people
Players of American football from Honolulu
American football quarterbacks
Sportspeople from Honolulu
Saint Louis School alumni
Weber State Wildcats football players
High school football coaches in Hawaii


The House of Salm was an ancient Lotharingian noble family originating from Salmchâteau in the Ardennes (present-day Belgium) and ruling Salm. The dynasty is above all known for the experiences of the Upper Salm branch which came to be located at Château de Salm in the Vosges mountain range and over time came to rule over a principality whose capital was Badonviller then Senones.

History

The noble family possibly descended from Count Palatine Wigeric of Lotharingia (d. before 923), the founder of the House of Ardenne. His presumable son Sigfried (d. 997) appeared as first Count of Luxembourg about 950. Sigfried's grandson Giselbert (d. 1059), is documented as a Count of Salm in 1036 and as Count of Luxembourg in 1047. When he divided his estates among his heirs, his younger son Hermann received the County of Salm and thereby became the progenitor of the comital dynasty. During the Great Saxon Revolt, he even was elected German anti-king in opposition to King Henry IV in 1081, however, he remained isolated until his death in 1088.

In 1163, Hermann's grandson Count Henry I of Salm (d. before 1174) again divided the estates among his son Henry II and his daughter Elizabeth, who had married Frederick II, Count of Vianden. Henry II received the County of Upper Salm in the Vosges, while Elizabeth and Frederick II founded the comital line of Lower Salm in the Ardennes.

Lower Salm
The descendants of Elizabeth and Frederick became extinct in 1416. Their possessions were inherited by the Lords of Reifferscheid, who resided at Reifferscheid Castle. The succession arrangement was challenged by the Raugraves, however, they had to accept a 1456 judgement by the Luxembourg councillor Antoine I de Croÿ.  The Salm-Reifferscheid line was later divided into the branches of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg/Krautheim, Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz and Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (extinct in 1888).

Upper Salm

The Counts of Upper Salm resided at Château de Salm in Alsace, where they had to compete with the neighbouring Prince-Bishops of Strasbourg and the Dukes of Lorraine. In 1475, half of the estates were inherited by the Rhinegraves; the remaining half passed to the Lorraine dukes in 1600.

The Rhinegraves began to call themselves Counts of Salm too, they were raised to princes in 1623. Their line included several cadet branches ruling over minor principalities such as Salm-Salm, Salm-Horstmar, and Salm-Kyrburg. In the German Mediatisation of 1803, the Princes of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg received the southwestern estates of the former Prince-Bishopric of Münster with the Lordship of Anholt and ruled the newly established Principality of Salm jointly as a condominium.

Notable members
Among its notable members were the counts of Lower Salm in the Ardennes, advocati of the abbaye Saint-Pierre at Senones, counts of Upper Salm in the Vosges mountains, governors of Nancy, marshals of Lorraine, marshals of Bar, princes of the Holy Roman Empire and sovereign princes of the Principality of Salm-Salm:
Hermann of Salm (c. 1035–1088), German anti-king
Otto I, Count of Salm (c. 1080–1150), Count Palatine of the Rhine
Nicholas, Count of Salm (1459–1530), defender of Vienna against the Turks in 1529
Christina of Salm (1575–1627), duchess consort of Lorraine
Otto Louis of Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen (1597–1634), Swedish general during the Thirty Years' War
Charles Theodore, Prince of Salm (1645–1710), Imperial field marshal and ministern father in law of the 1st Duke of Ursel.
Philip Joseph, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (1709–1779)
Frederick III, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (1744–1794), son
Frederick IV, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (1789–1859), grandson
Amalie Zephyrine of Salm-Kyrburg (1760–1841), daughter
Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773–1861), botanist
Felix Salm-Salm (1828–1870), officer in the American Civil War
Agnes Salm-Salm, née Leclerc Joy (1844–1912), his wife
Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm (1879–1962), Archduchess of Austria
Ludwig von Salm-Hoogstraeten (1885–1944), tennis player

See also
Salm (state)
Palais de la Légion d'Honneur

External links

 House of Salm, at europeanheraldry.org
  History of the Principality of Salm, at the Office de Tourisme Pays des Abbayes
  Salm Castle
 Information and symbols of the Principality of Salm
 Flags of the Principality of Salm-Salm


When We Get There is a novel about coming-of-age by the American writer Shauna Seliy set in 1974 in a coal mining patch (modeled on the author’s hometown of Yukon, Westmoreland County) near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The novel tells the story of Lucas Lessar. His father has died in a mining accident and his mother has mysteriously disappeared, so he lives with his grandmother. Zoli, his mother's estranged boyfriend, starts to harass Lucas, prompting him to skip school and take long bus rides in attempts to find his mother.

References

2007 American novels
American bildungsromans
Novels set in Pennsylvania
Fiction set in 1974
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Bloomsbury Publishing books


Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Tenyagin (; 16 August 192726 March 2008) was a Soviet football player and manager.

Honours
 Soviet Top League bronze: 1952.

International career
Tenyagin played his only game for USSR on 15 July 1952, in a 1952 Olympics game against Bulgaria.

References

External links
Profile
Biography of Aleksandr Tenyagin

1927 births
2008 deaths
People from Gatchina
Russian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Soviet Union men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for the Soviet Union
Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Soviet football managers
FC Dynamo Moscow players
FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg players
Soviet Top League players
Sportspeople from Leningrad Oblast


"Stay with Me" (stylized as stay with me) is the forty-second single by Japanese R&B/pop artist Kumi Koda. It charted at No. 1 on the Oricon Weekly charts and remained on the charts for nine weeks. This became the first time Kumi released two consecutive No. 1 singles, whereas her previous single, "Taboo," also charted at number one.

The single was released in both CD and CD+DVD, with limited editions of both. A version was also released exclusively for her fan club.

Information
stay with me is Japanese singer-songwriter Kumi Koda's forty-second single. It debuted at No. 1 on Oricon, making it her sixth number-one single and the first time in her career to have released two number-one singles back-to-back, whereas Taboo had also charted at No. 1. The single remained on the Oricon charts for nine weeks.

stay with me was described as a "winter love ballad" by her official site. Limited editions of the single featured an orgel version of stay with me, a poster and a draw card, similar to that of Taboo.

This was also the second time one of her singles received an exclusive release for her fan club. Those editions included a poster, but also gave the buyers the option of a mirror or mousepad with the fan club CD picture on it.

The single contained one b-side, Winter Bell. This was a more upbeat song and carried an overall Christmas-time feel with signature bells being heard in the song's opening and during the song's chorus.

The single is certified Gold by RIAJ for shipment of 100,000 copies.

Packaging
stay with me was released in three editions:

CD: contains four musical tracks.
CD [Fan Club Edition]: contains two musical tracks, poster and choice of a mirror or mouse pad.
CD+DVD: contains four musical tracks, music video and making video.

Limited editions of the CD and CD+DVD versions came with a poster and the bonus "orgel version" of stay with me.

Promotional Advertisements
stay with me was used in advertisements for au LISMO and Sony Ericsson in Japan.

Music video
The music video for stay with me carried a theme similar to her 2006 single Yume no Uta/Futari de..., most notably futari de... for the visuals. The video also centered around the use of a cellphone, much like the aforementioned single.

The video carried a story of a woman, played by Kumi, who was having conflicting feelings over a love interest after a fight. She goes to the train station, which was shown to be the place they first met, and sends a photo via cellphone to her partner. Throughout the video, she envisions him arriving and continually checks her phone awaiting his response. After waiting for what is presumed to be an allotted amount of time, she leaves the platform and goes to sit outside. A message then sends to her phone, which reads, "I want to start over . . . I love you." She looks up to see her partner and he runs to her.

Track list
(Source)

Charts

Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

Billboard Japan Sales chart

Alternate Versions
stay with me
stay with me: Found on the single (2008) and corresponding album TRICK (2009)
stay with me [Orgel Version]: Found on the single (2008)
stay with me [Instrumental]: Found on the single (2008)
stay with me [Tomoharu Moriya Remix]: Found on Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 2 (2010)

References

2008 singles
2008 songs
Billboard Japan Hot 100 number-one singles
Koda Kumi songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Rhythm Zone singles
Songs written by Koda Kumi


Blanice () is a river located primarily in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is a  left tributary of the Sázava, and its catchment area is .

The river originates south of Blanička, a village in the Rodná municipality in the South Bohemian Region some  northeast of Tábor. From there it flows northward through Mladá Vožice, and the Central Bohemian cities of Louňovice pod Blaníkem, Vlašim, and Libež. It joins the Sázava about  southeast of Český Šternberk.

References

Rivers of the Central Bohemian Region
Rivers of the South Bohemian Region


Depth Charge is an action video game for the Apple II programmed by Chris Oberth and published by The Elektrik Keyboard of Chicago, Illinois in 1978. A clone of the 1977 arcade video game Depthcharge, the player drops explosives from a moving ship attempting to eliminate submarines below it.

Gameplay
Like the 1977 arcade game Depthcharge that it emulates, Depth Charge puts the player in control of a small ship that drops depth charges onto passing submarines. In the arcade original, the player moves the ship left and right, but in Depthcharge the ship automatically makes three passes from right to left across the top of the screen, and four submarines at varying depths move from left to right below it.  Destroying deeper subs earns  more points. An extra pass is awarded at 600 points and another at 900.

References

1978 video games
Apple II games
Apple II-only games
Elektrik Keyboard games
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games


Adam Harvey (born 21 December 1974) is an Australian country music singer. Harvey has sold over half a million records, has been nominated five times for an ARIA Music Award and has won nine golden guitars at the Country Music Awards of Australia.

Biography
Harvey got his start musically learning country classics on the guitar as a small boy. His first gig came at the age of ten, and by his school years he was performing rock covers at a club when he was discovered and went off on tour as support for Tania Kernaghan. In 1998 Harvey won his first Country Music (CMAA) Award for 'Vocal Collaboration of the Year' with Tanya Self for "Drive Away". In 2001 he won another CMAA Award for 'Vocal Collaboration of the Year' this time with Beccy Cole, Darren Coggan and Felicity, for "Do I Ever Cross Your Mind".

In 2002, Harvey won two CMAA Awards; 'Album of the Year' and 'Male Vocalist of the Year' for Workin' Overtime. Workin' Overtime was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album at the 2002 ARIA Awards.

In 2004, Harvey won a second CMAA Award for 'Male Vocalist of the Year' that year. In 2005 he received his third ARIA award nomination for Best Country Album Can't Settle for Less. In 2008, he won Album of the Year I'm Doin' Alright.

In 2009, he sang the Australian national anthem before the Australia vs New Zealand rugby league test match.

Harvey has been nominated for a CMAA Award in 2010 for Collaboration of the Year with John Williamson for "King of the Road".

In 2013, Harvey collaborated with Troy Cassar-Daley to record The Great Country Songbook, which debuted at number 2 on the ARIA Charts.

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Video albums

Awards and nominations

ARIA Awards
Harvey had been nominated for 5 awards at the ARIA Music Awards

|-
| 2002 || Workin' Overtime || Best Country Album ||
|-
| 2003 || Cowboy Dreams || Best Country Album ||
|-
| 2005 || Can't Settle for Less || Best Country Album ||
|-
| 2010 || Both Sides Now || Best Country Album ||
|-
| 2013 || The Great Country Songbook (with Troy Cassar-Daley) || Best Country Album ||
|-

CMA Awards
The Country Music Awards of Australia is an annual awards night held in January during the Tamworth Country Music Festival, celebrating recording excellence in the Australian country music industry. Harvey has won nine awards.

 (wins only)
|-
|rowspan="1"| 1998 || "Drive Away" (with Tanya Self) || Vocal Collaboration of the Year ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2001 || "Do I Ever Cross Your Mind" (with Beccy Cole, Darren Coggan and Felicity) || Vocal Collaboration of the Year ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2002 || Workin' Overtime || Album of the Year ||
|-
| "Shake of a Hand" || Male Vocalist of the Year  ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2004 || "Call It Love" || Male Vocalist of the Year ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2005 || "That's What You Call a Friend" || Male Vocalist of the Year ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2008 || I'm Doin' Alright || Album of the Year ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2012 || Falling Into Place || Album of the Year ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2022 || Songs from Highway One || Traditional Country Album of the Year ||
|-

References

External links

 Official Youtube Channel
 Adam Harvey discography @ Discogs
 [ Adam Harvey] @ AllMusic

1974 births
21st-century Australian singers
Australian country singers
Australian male singer-songwriters
Australian singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Victoria (state)
Musicians from Geelong
Sony Music Australia artists


"Sentimental" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Deborah Cox. It was written by Cox, Colin Wolfe, and Dallas Austin for her self-titled debut studio album (1995), while production was helmed by Austin. Released as the album's lead single by Arista Records, it became a top-40 success in Canada and the United Kingdom while peaking at number 27 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart.

Critical reception
Gil L. Robertson IV from Cash Box wrote, "This single is an impressive debut for Arista Records new soul diva. Throughout this mid-tempo track Cox delivers crisp, confident vocals that gives the song a winning edge. Expect wide urban airplay with some pop possibilities as well."

Music video
A music video was produced to promote the single. It starts off with actor Omar Epps, who stars as her ex. He is seen entering a restaurant where she is to be performing. She is shown backstage, getting ready, where she is unaware of his presence. She then goes onstage and performs, and the crowd loves it. She then goes backstage afterwards and continues singing until she drops her head. He appears in the doorway and she looks up and sees him.

Track listings

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

1995 debut singles
1995 songs
Arista Records singles
Deborah Cox songs
Songs written by Dallas Austin
Songs written by Deborah Cox


Leonhard Haas (born 19 January 1982, in Rosenheim) is a German retired footballer.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
FC Bayern Munich II players
Hamburger SV players
Hamburger SV II players
FC Augsburg players
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
FC Ingolstadt 04 players
FC Hansa Rostock players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Men's association football midfielders
Sportspeople from Rosenheim
Footballers from Upper Bavaria


The Forest Service Organic Administration Act of 1897 provided the main statutory basis for the management of forest reserves in the United States, hence the commonly used term "Organic Act". The legislation's formal title is the Sundry Civil Appropriations Act of 1897, which was signed into law on June 4, 1897, by President William McKinley.

This law was the first step toward legislation concerning the management, protection and care of the nation's forest reserves. Its features include:

It specified the purpose for establishing reserves as well as the administration and protection.
It granted the Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior the authority in rule-making and regulations of reserves.
It allowed the General Land Office (GLO) to hire employees for the necessary administrative tasks and opened the reserves for public use.
It specifically stated the criteria for new forest reserve designations, which were timber production, watershed protection and forest protection.
It gave the United States Geological Survey (USGS) the responsibility for mapping the reserves.
This last item gave two separate branches of the Department of Interior responsibility-The GLO for the sale, claims and administration of the reserves and the USGS for the drawing of boundaries and land maps.

According to the Organic Act, the intention of the forest reservations was "to improve and protect the forest within the reservation, ... securing favorable conditions of water flows, and to furnish a continuous supply of timber for the use and necessities of citizens of the United States."

This law is one of two of the most important legislative events in US Forest Service history (the other being the Transfer Act of 1905). The nation now had  forest reserves and the means to protect and manage them. The basic elements of federal forestry were now established.

Interior Department changes
As instructed by the new law, a Division of Geography and Forestry was set up within the USGS. Henry Gannet was the new division's chief and produced surveys of the reserves that were of high quality and provided basic information necessary for effective management. These surveys, which included an atlas, were impressive, even today.

The Interior Department's Land Office section tried for a brief period to develop its capability to manage the reserves. Filibert Roth became the head of the General Land Office's "Division R"-the Forestry Division on November 15, 1901 and resigned two years later, in 1903.

Gifford Pinchot, of the United States Department of Agriculture's Division of Forestry at this time, advocated for the removal of the reserves from Interior and placed under the Agriculture Department so that the forest reserves and the foresters would all be under one department. He also had a poor opinion of the Land Office due to "land office routine, political stupidity and wrong-headed points of view. "
A campaign was mounted toward this goal by Pinchot as well as the American Foresters Association and the Sierra Club.
Finally, the effort paid off on Feb. 1905 when President Roosevelt signed into law the Forest Transfer Act.

Izaak Walton League and Zieske  lawsuits Result in Congress Repealing the Organic Act
The Izaak Walton League, a conservation group formed in 1922, that sought the complete abolishment of livestock grazing on national forest lands in the 1930s. The League's Los Angeles chapter petitioned Region 5 of the Forest Service to immediately and absolutely abolish all grazing permits of both sheep and cattle from California's national forest lands. The League's position was that sheep grazing was a costly mistake and a man-made hazard to forests and watersheds, that cattle grazing  had been too heavy and that both types of livestock hindered wildlife.

In May 1973, the League successfully sued the Department of Agriculture over the clear-cut logging practices in the Monongahela National Forest as being contrary to the Organic Act of 1897 which stated that only "dead, physically mature and large growth trees "individually marked for cutting" could be sold. The appeals court upheld the lower court's decision in August 1975.

On December 23, 1975, Alaska Federal District Court Judge Van Der Heydt held that four plaintiffs in Alaska's Tongass National Forest should prevail on their Organic Act claims agreeing with the Fourth Circuit's decision in West Virginia Division of the Isaak Walton League of America, Inc. v. Butz, ,522 F.2d 945.  The Alaska case was called Zieske v. Butz, 406 F. Supp. 258 (D. Alaska 1975). Its plaintiffs were Herbert Zieske, Charles Zieske, Alan Stein, The Point Baker Association, and the Tongass Conservation Association. Zieske bared the Ketchikan Company from clearcutting about 400,000 acres on the north end of Prince of Wales Island. In contrast, the West Virginia case applied to under 1000 acres. One of the purposes of the suit was to protect fish streams from clearcutting to their banks by establishing mandatory buffer strips.

As a result of the pressure these two lawsuits generated, Congress repealed the Organic Act when it passed the National Forest Management Act of 1976 signed by President Gerald Ford.  No buffer strip provisions were included in the new law which replaced the basis of Forest Service Management.www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0055/12012146.pdf

See also
 Bernhard Fernow

References

Notes

Bibliography
Godfrey, Anthony. (2005). The Ever-Changing View-A History of the National Forests in California USDA Forest Service Publishers.
Steen, Harold K. (1976). The United States Forest Service A History University of Washington Press.

External links
"16 U.S. Code § 473 - Revocation, modification, or vacation of orders or proclamations establishing national forests," Cornell Law School
The Forest History Society
"Forest Management: A Historical Perspectives," US Forest Service

1897 in American law
1897 in the environment
United States federal public land legislation
United States federal environmental legislation
Forestry in the United States
United States federal legislation articles without infoboxes
Forest law
United States federal appropriations legislation


Groupes de Pamplemousse is a compilation album released during Suicide Prevention Week in Quebec, Canada. The songs tackle the issue of suicide, and benefits from the album help Suicide Prevention Centres throughout Quebec.

Track listing
"Il pleure dans mon cœur", performed by Kate McGarrigle and Martha Wainwright (lyrics by Verlaine, music by Rufus Wainwright)
"Comme un fou", performed by Le Premier ciel Les Respectables
"C'était l'hiver", performed by Les Porn Flakes and Éric Lapointe
"Comme un cave", performed by Kaïn
"Chu tu seul à soir", performed by Simon J and The Fuckingrüvin Virtual Dumb Band
"Chanson d'innocence", performed by Luck and& Pierre Mervil
"Le Répondeur", performed by Louis et le Voyageur
"Marie-Louise", performed by Loco Locass
"Y a tu kelkun?", performed by 3 gars su'l sofa
"Chic planète", performed by Gaïa

References

External links
Operation Pamplemousse (French)

2008 compilation albums
Charity albums
Songs about suicide


The origins of Judaism lie in Bronze Age polytheistic Canaanite religion. It also syncretized elements of other Semitic religions such as Babylonian religion, which is reflected in the early prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible.

During the Iron Age I, the Israelite religion branched out of the Canaanite religion through Yahwism. Yahwism was the national religion of the Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah. Compared to other Canaanite religious traditions, Yahwism was monolatristic and focused on the exclusive worship of Yahweh, who was conflated with El. The existence of other gods, whether Canaanite or foreign, was denied as Yahwism became more strictly monotheistic.

During the Babylonian captivity of the 6th and 5th centuries BCE (Iron Age II), certain circles within exiled Judahites in Babylon refined pre-existing ideas about Yahwism, such as the nature of divine election, law and covenants. Their ideas dominated the Jewish community in the following centuries.

From the 5th century BCE until 70 CE, Yahwism evolved into the various theological schools of Second Temple Judaism, besides Hellenistic Judaism in the diaspora. Second Temple Jewish eschatology has similarities with Zoroastrianism. The text of the Hebrew Bible was redacted into its extant form in this period and possibly also canonized as well. Archaeological and textual evidence pointing to widespread observance of the laws of the Torah among rank-and-file Jews first appears around the middle of the 2nd century BCE, during the Hasmonean period.

Rabbinic Judaism developed in Late Antiquity, during the 3rd to 6th centuries CE; the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud were compiled in this period. The oldest manuscripts of the Masoretic tradition come from the 10th and 11th centuries CE, in the form of the Aleppo Codex of the later portions of the 10th century CE and the Leningrad Codex dated to 1008–1009 CE. Due largely to censoring and the burning of manuscripts in medieval Europe, the oldest existing manuscripts of various rabbinical works are quite late. The oldest surviving complete manuscript copy of the Babylonian Talmud is dated to 1342 CE.

Iron Age Yahwism

Judaism has three essential and related elements: study of the written Torah (the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy); the recognition of Israel (defined as the descendants of Abraham through his grandson Jacob) as a people elected by God as recipients of the law at Mount Sinai, his chosen people; and the requirement that Israel live in accordance with God's laws as given in the Torah. These have their origins in Iron Age Yahwism and in Second Temple Judaism.

Iron Age Yahwism was formalized in the 9th century BCE, around the same time the Iron Age kingdoms of Israel (or Samaria) and Judah were established in Canaan. Yahweh was the national god of both kingdoms.

Other neighbouring Canaanite kingdoms also had their own national god from the Canaanite pantheon of gods: Chemosh was the god of Moab, Milcom the god of the Ammonites, Qaus the god of the Edomites, and so on. In each kingdom, the king was his national god's viceroy on Earth.

The various national gods were more or less equal, reflecting the fact that kingdoms themselves were more or less equal, and within each kingdom a divine couple, made up of the national god and his consort – Yahweh and the goddess Asherah in Israel and Judah – headed a pantheon of lesser gods.

By the late 8th century, both Judah and Israel had become vassals of Assyria, bound by treaties of loyalty on one side and protection on the other. Israel rebelled and was destroyed c. 722 BCE, and refugees from the former kingdom fled to Judah, bringing with them the tradition that Yahweh, already known in Judah, was not merely the most important of the gods, but the only god who should be served. This outlook was taken up by the Judahite landowning elite, who became extremely powerful in court circles in the next century when they placed the eight-year-old Josiah (reigned 641–609 BC) on the throne. During Josiah's reign, Assyrian power suddenly collapsed, and a pro-independence movement took power promoting both the independence of Judah from foreign overlords and loyalty to Yahweh as the sole god of Israel. With Josiah's support, the "Yahweh-alone" movement launched a full-scale reform of worship, including a covenant (i.e., treaty) between Judah and Yahweh, replacing that between Judah and Assyria.

By the time this occurred, Yahweh had already been absorbing or superseding the positive characteristics of the other gods and goddesses of the pantheon, a process of appropriation that was an essential step in the subsequent emergence of one of Judaism's most notable features: its uncompromising monotheism. The people of ancient Israel and Judah, however, were not followers of Judaism; they were practitioners of a polytheistic culture worshiping multiple gods, concerned with fertility and local shrines and legends, and not with a written Torah, elaborate laws governing ritual purity, or an exclusive covenant and national god.

Second Temple Judaism

In 586 BCE, Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians, and the Judean elite – the royal family, the priests, the scribes, and other members of the elite – were taken to Babylon in captivity. They represented only a minority of the population, and Judah, after recovering from the immediate impact of war, continued to have a life not much different from what had gone before. In 539 BCE, Babylon fell to the Persians; the Babylonian exile ended and a number of the exiles, but by no means all and probably a minority, returned to Jerusalem. They were the descendants of the original exiles, and had never lived in Judah; nevertheless, in the view of the authors of the Biblical literature, they, and not those who had remained in the land, were "Israel". Judah, now called Yehud, was a Persian province, and the returnees, with their Persian connections in Babylon, were in control of it. They represented also the descendants of the old "Yahweh-alone" movement, but the religion they instituted was significantly different from both monarchic Yahwism and modern Judaism. These differences include new concepts of priesthood, a new focus on written law and thus on scripture, and a concern with preserving purity by prohibiting intermarriage outside the community of this new "Israel".

The Yahweh-alone party returned to Jerusalem after the Persian conquest of Babylon and became the ruling elite of Yehud. Much of the Hebrew Bible was assembled, revised and edited by them in the 5th century BCE, including the Torah (the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), the historical works, and much of the prophetic and Wisdom literature. The Bible narrates the discovery of a legal book in the Temple in the seventh century BCE, which the majority of scholars see as some form of Deuteronomy and regard as pivotal to the development of the scripture. The growing collection of scriptures was translated into Greek in the Hellenistic period by the Jews of the Egyptian diaspora, while the Babylonian Jews produced the court tales of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6 of Daniel – chapters 7–12 were a later addition), and the books of Tobit and Esther.

Widespread adoption of Torah law

In his seminal Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels, Julius Wellhausen argued that Judaism as a religion based on widespread observance Torah law first emerged in 444 BCE when, according to the biblical account provided in the Book of Nehemiah (chapter 8), a priestly scribe named Ezra read a copy of the Mosaic Torah before the populace of Judea assembled in a central Jerusalem square. Wellhausen believed that this narrative should be accepted as historical because it sounds plausible, noting: "The credibility of the narrative appears on the face of it." Following Wellhausen, most scholars throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries have accepted that widespread Torah observance began sometime around the middle of the 5th century BCE.

More recently, Yonatan Adler has argued that in fact there is no surviving evidence to support the notion that the Torah was widely known, regarded as authoritative, and put into practice, any time prior to the middle of the 2nd century BCE. Adler explored the likelihhood that Judaism, as the widespread practice of Torah law by Jewish society at large, first emerged in Judea during the reign of the Hasmonean dynasty, centuries after the putative time of Ezra.

Development of Rabbinic Judaism

For centuries, the traditional understanding has been that the split of early Christianity and Judaism some time after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE was the first major theological schism in Jewish tradition. Starting in the latter half of the 20th century, some scholars have begun to argue that the historical picture is quite a bit more complicated than that.

By the 1st century, Second Temple Judaism was divided into competing theological factions, notably the Pharisees and the Sadducees, besides numerous smaller sects such as the Essenes, messianic movements such as Early Christianity, and closely related traditions such as Samaritanism (which gives us the Samaritan Pentateuch, an important witness of the text of the Torah independent of the Masoretic Text). The sect of Israelite worship that eventually became Rabbinic Judaism and the sect which developed into Early Christianity were but two of these separate Israelite religious traditions. Thus, some scholars have begun to propose a model which envisions a twin birth of Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism, rather than an evolution and separation of Christianity from Rabbinic Judaism. It is increasingly accepted among scholars that "at the end of the 1st century CE there were not yet two separate religions called 'Judaism' and 'Christianity'". Daniel Boyarin (2002) proposes a revised understanding of the interactions between nascent Christianity and nascent Rabbinic Judaism in Late Antiquity which views the two religions as intensely and complexly intertwined throughout this period.

The Amoraim were the Jewish scholars of Late Antiquity who codified and commented upon the law and the biblical texts. The final phase of redaction of the Talmud into its final form took place during the 6th century CE, by the scholars known as the Savoraim. This phase concludes the Chazal era foundational to Rabbinical Judaism.

See also
 Atenism, the two-decade duration ancient Egyptian monotheistic religion of the 14th century BCE
 Hellenistic religion
 Historicity of the Bible
 Jewish history
 Jewish studies
 Maccabees
 Old Testament theology
 Religions of the ancient Near East

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Judaism
Judaism, Origins of


"Get Up" is a song by Mary Mary, released as the lead single from their fourth studio album The Sound. The single was written and produced by both Mary Mary and producer Warryn Campbell, husband of member Erica Campbell. The song is known as "the movement anthem". According to the group, the song was written and produced to appeal to young generations with a mainstream sound that still captures the message of the gospel. The group's goal was achieved when the song received moderate success in dance clubs worldwide, while holding the #1 spot on the U.S.'s Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song was also used on the syndicated morning show Get Up Mornings with Erica Campbell hosted by Campbell herself.

In December 2008, the song received two Grammy Award nominations for the 51st Grammy Awards of 2009 in the categories "Best Gospel Song" and "Best Gospel Performance". On February 8, 2009, Mary Mary won the Grammy for Best Gospel Performance.

Music video
The music video for "Get Up" starts off with the girls sitting down and singing, and later getting up to represent the song's lyrics. The video's main character is a young girl auditioning for a dance contest. As she feels frighten to go after it, she gets motivated and goes in front of the judges. The videos has many cameos of dancers and family and friends of the girls. Mary Mary's lawyer also appears in the video. The production of the clip was tracked by BET's Access Granted television series, with the final cut eventually premiering on small screen on August 21, 2008 at the end of its Access Granted episode and online at 3:00 pm PT on Yahoo! Music.

Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "Get Up".

U.S. promo CD
 "Get Up" (main version) – 3:14
 "Get Up" (instrumental) – 3:16

Digital Remix EP
 "Get Up" (karmatronics club) – 6:01
 "Get Up" (karmatronics instrumental) – 6:01
 "Get Up" (fusion remix) – 7:07
 "Get Up" (fusion dub) – 5:53
 "Get Up" (fusion instrumental) – 7:06
 "Get Up" (mark alston club) – 7:20
 "Get Up" (mark alston dub) – 7:18
 "Get Up" (mark alston instrumental) – 7:20
 "Get Up" (jamie j sanchez club remix) – 8:31

Chart performance
The single was officially released to U.S. radios on July 5, 2008. The single soon release digitally July 15, 2008 via iTunes and other music websites. It has peaked within the top 30 of the national R&B/hip hop, club play, and gospel charts, and also the global dance charts.

Awards

The song won a Dove Award for Urban Recorded Song of the Year at the 40th GMA Dove Awards.

References

External links
Music video for "Get Up" on YouTube

2008 singles
Mary Mary songs
Songs written by Warryn Campbell
2008 songs
Columbia Records singles
Songs written by Eric Dawkins


Hill Croome  is a village, and a civil parish which covers 1000 acres, in the Malvern Hills District in  the county of Worcestershire, England. Historically a parish in the lower division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, according to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 169. Hill Croome was once part of the Royal forest of Horewell.

History

A heritable messuage of land and a close in the hamlet of Baughton, which also lies in Hill Croome parish, were held in 1591 by John Turberville and his wife Joan under a lease from Thomas Walshe, Lord the Manor of Hill Croome.

References

Villages in Worcestershire


Nikolai Ivanovich Tishchenko () (born 10 December 1926 in Lyublino; died 10 May 1981 in Moscow) was a Soviet football player.

Honours
 Olympic champion: 1956.
 Soviet Top League winner: 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958.
 Soviet Top League runner-up: 1954, 1955.
 Soviet Top League bronze: 1957.
 Season-end Top 33 players list: 1957.

International career
Tishchenko made his debut for USSR on 8 September 1954 in a friendly against Sweden. He came into limelight during the 1956 Olympics semifinal against Bulgaria he broke his clavicle, the substitutions were not yet allowed, so he stayed on the field, finishing the game.

References

External links
  Profile

1926 births
1981 deaths
Russian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Soviet Union men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for the Soviet Union
Footballers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Soviet Top League players
FC Spartak Moscow players
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Men's association football defenders


Egidijus Jarašiūnas (born October 9, 1952 in Kelmė district municipality) is a Lithuanian lawyer, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He was a judge of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania from 1996 to 2005. Since 2007 he is a dean of Faculty of Law at Mykolas Romeris University.

See also

List of members of the European Court of Justice

References

  Egidijus Jarašiūnas. Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania.
 News and Events. Mykolas Romeris University.

Living people
1952 births
Law school deans
Lithuanian scholars of constitutional law
Judges of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania
European Court of Justice judges
Members of the Seimas
People from Kelmė
Lithuanian academic administrators
20th-century Lithuanian lawyers
21st-century Lithuanian lawyers
21st-century Lithuanian educators
Lithuanian judges of international courts and tribunals
Academic staff of Mykolas Romeris University
Signatories of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania


The 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 26th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. The cities that hosted matches were Bydgoszcz, Łódź, Katowice and Wrocław in Poland, from 25 September to 4 October 2009.

Qualification

Format
The tournament was played in three different stages. In the first stage, the sixteen participants were divided in four groups (A, B, C and D) of four teams each. A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams group position, the three best teams of each group (total of 12 teams) progressed to the second stage.

The second stage of the tournament consisted of two groups of six teams each. As the first stage match results amongst the teams which advanced to this stage also counted, the two groups have been predetermined, one group formed by groups A and C teams while the other was formed by groups B and D teams. In each of the two groups, the teams played once against every opponent they haven not faced in the tournament (total of three matches each), adding that to the results obtained against the other two teams who also advanced from the first stage same group. The two group winners and two runners-up from this second stage advanced the third stage.

The third and final stage of the tournament was composed of the semifinals, third place match and final. A drawing of lots decided which winner played which runner-up in the semifinals.

Pools composition

Squads

Venues
The tournament was played at four venues in four cities throughout Poland. Each city hosted a group stage. Łódź and Katowice hosted the two Playoff Rounds. Łódź also concluded the Championship with the Semifinals & Final.

Preliminary round
 All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00).

Pool A
venue: Arena Łódź, Łódź

Pool B
venue: Centennial Hall, Wrocław

Pool C
venue: Łuczniczka, Bydgoszcz

Pool D
venue: Spodek, Katowice

Playoff round
 All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00).

Pool E
venue: Arena Łódź, Łódź

The following Preliminary round matches are also valid for the pool standings:

Pool F
venue: Spodek, Katowice

The following Preliminary round matches are also valid for the pool standings:

Final round
venue: Arena Łódź, Łódź
 All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00).

A drawing of lots determined, which group-winner plays which runner-up in the semifinals.

Semifinals

Bronze medal match

Final

Final standing

Individual awards

MVP:
Best scorer:
Best spiker:
Best blocker:
Best server:
Best setter:
Best receiver:
Best libero:

References
 Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV)

External links
Official website
CEV Results
 Results at todor66.com

European Championship
V
Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2009
Volleyball
Women's European Volleyball Championships
September 2009 sports events in Europe
October 2009 sports events in Europe
Women's volleyball in Poland


Denis Piel is a French photographer and film-maker. He was born in France in 1944. He was raised in Australia and educated in the United States. He lives in the south-west of France. He worked as a fashion photographer in the 1980s; from 1979 he was under contract to Condé Nast. He stopped taking fashion and advertising photographs in about 1990, and started a film company called Jupiter Films writing and directing TV commercials. In 2002 he made his first feature film Love is Blind  A book of his photographs of women, with brief texts by him, Donna Karan and Polly Mellen, was published by Rizzoli in 2012.

Piel won the Leica Medal of Excellence for Commercial Photography in 1987. His work has been exhibited at WOA - Way Of Arts is Lisbon, Portugal and is held in the permanent collections of the Victoria and Albert museum and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

References

French expatriates in Australia
French expatriates in the United States
French photographers
1944 births
Living people
Fashion photographers


Fort Charlotte is located in McCormick County, South Carolina, United States, founded in 1768, and now beneath the waters of the  J. Strom Thurmond Lake, Clarks Hill Lake.

Origins
Construction of the fort began in the summer of 1765, and took a couple of years to complete because of structural complications as well as the constant threat of attack by the Creek Native Americans. It was named for the reigning queen at the time. The Fort was made mostly of granite quarried from across the Savannah River.  The Fort measured approximately 170 foot squared with bastions at every corner and a wall height of between 10 and 20 feet. The Fort was built for defensive purposes—to protect local settlers, as opposed to being a trading fort, meant for Native American/ European trading. Almost as soon as the Fort was completed the British Royal (Federal) government abandoned the Fort by placing it under the care and authority of the South Carolina government. During that time (1768) several forts were closed in the area, and in many cases guns, cannon, powder, bullets and other military supplies were sent to Fort Charlotte for safe keeping.

These same supplies were later used by Patriot forces against Carolina Backcountry Tories and in at least one case these supplies found their way into a major battle—the Second Siege of Fort Ninety-Six.

At the same time the Fort was housing war supplies, the Patriots were meeting with leaders of the Cherokee at Fort Charlotte in an attempt to sway the Cherokee in their favor. The "good talks" however did not work and South Carolina entered the American Revolutionary War with the English and the Cherokee opposing them.

Also worthy of note is that the Fort housed an undisclosed number of Prisoners-of-War. Exactly how many is unclear, but given the number of individuals loyal to the King that lived in the Carolina Backcountry, their numbers could have been numerous.
The fate of the Fort after the Revolution is unclear, but certainly by the great flood, called the "Yazoo Freshet" of 1797, the standing walls would have been mostly leveled. This did not end the history of the Fort.

Post Revolutionary Period

After the Revolution the Fort became a popular spot for gentlemen to settle their differences via dueling. Several texts have referred to Fort Charlotte as "that popular old spot for dueling." Evidence suggests that there were about 10 known duels there. The most famous of the duels to occur there was the Crawford-Van Alen duel, in which Van Alen was shot dead by future Georgia senator William H. Crawford.  The grievance between Crawford and Van Alen was over land schemes which eventually culminated in the Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia.

At the end of the Civil War, Confederate President Jefferson Davis and some of his cabinet fled through South Carolina into Georgia crossing the Savannah River at Fort Charlotte. Also with Davis was the Confederate seal and a substantial portion of the treasury.  The treasury has yet to be found, but it is not beyond reason to think that perhaps the treasury was stashed at Fort Charlotte.  An archaeological survey was conducted at the site in the 1950s, but, strangely, all of the artifacts were lost, and the official report was not released until after the death of the primary archaeologist. It was shortly thereafter that the lake was built and the site of Fort Charlotte flooded.

References

External links
 Fort Charlotte Historical marker

Infrastructure completed in 1768
Charlotte
Buildings and structures in McCormick County, South Carolina
South Carolina in the American Revolution
Charlotte
Charlotte
1768 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies