Santokben Sarmanbhai Jadeja was an Indian gangster and politician from Gujarat. She was known popularly known as Godmother. Her area of operations have been in and around Porbandar. Though now marginalized, she was once a key player in the criminal operations of Porbandar. Santokben was charged with 14 murders and had 500 cases against her gang members. She served as an Member of the Legislative Assembly  from Kutiyana from 1990 to 1995.

Early life
She was married to Sarman Munja Jadeja, a leader of Maher community, who was an ordinary mill worker at Maharana Mill, but became a gangster and don when he killed the local gangster Devu Vagher, who was hired by the mill owner to break the strike.

Till 1986 Santokben was playing the role of a home maker and a mother. When under the influence of Pandurang Shastri of the Swadhyay movement her husband Sarman had bid farewell to arms and crime. But in December 1986, her husband was shot dead by Kala Keshav gang owing to old rivalry. This brought Santokben in to forefront, who decided to go back to old way of his spouse, to get even. She hailed from Kutiyana town in Porbandar district. She was an MLA from 1990 to 1995 as a candidate of Janata Dal and was close to Chimanbhai Patel.

Criminal activities
She was alleged to be behind the murder of 14 people, who she believed were responsible for her husband's murder. She was arrested for giving shelter to the people, who raped two girls.

In 2007, she came into the news again with the killing of Navghan Arsi, the son of Arsi Jadeja, the brother-in-law of Santokben. She was in the news in 2008 when her daughter-in-law was shot dead by her son Karan Jadeja.

Police records reveal that in the late 80s and early 90s, her gang had about 525 criminal cases lodged against it at its peak. It was reported that her gang comprised 100 men, mainly from the Mer community. She was booked in numerous murder cases. She was named in 2005 in the murder of Keshu Odedara, a councilor with Porbandar municipality.

Her period of operation started during the 1980s and lasted for about a decade, until she was made to relocate to Rajkot.

Politics
She was elected on the Janata Dal ticket from the Kutiyana constituency in the Porbandar district. She served as an MLA from 1990 to 1995.

In December 2002, she filed her nomination to contest the election from the Kutiyana assembly seat but later withdrew in favor of the Indian National Congress candidate.

Death
She died of a heart attack in Porbandar, Gujarat on 31 March 2011.

In popular culture
She was the subject of a Hindi film, Godmother (1999), where her role was played by Shabana Azmi, who later won the National Film Award for Best Actress. She was not happy with how she was portrayed in the film.

References

1949 births
People from Porbandar
Gujarati people
Gujarat MLAs 1990–1995
Indian politicians convicted of crimes
2011 deaths
Women in Gujarat politics
Crime in Gujarat
Indian crime bosses
Indian female gangsters
Janata Dal politicians


Mudi, Nepal  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2244 people living in 410 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Muna, Nepal  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2152 people living in 456 individual households.

References

UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Abdulmalik Dehamshe (; , born 4 March 1943) is an Israeli Arab former politician, who served as a member of the Knesset for the United Arab List between 1996 and 2006. He was also leader of the party.

Biography
Born in Kafr Kanna during the Mandate era, Dehamshe completed his secondary education in Nazareth and gained a BA from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1968, and worked as a lawyer.

In 1996 he was elected to the Knesset on the Arab Democratic Party-United Arab List joint list. He was re-elected in 1999 and became a Deputy Speaker of the Knesset. The Or Commission found that he was responsible for inflaming violence during the October 2000 events.

In 1998, he commented "Any Arab who serves in the Israeli Army is a disgusting criminal. We reject all forms of military service because we are part of the Palestinian people." After an Israeli airstrike killed three Syrian soldiers, he sent a letter of condolences to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, and wrote the return address as "Nazareth, Palestine".

He retained his seat again in the 2003 elections and remained a Deputy Speaker. He lost his seat in the 2006 elections. That same year, following the loss of his Knesset seat, he expressed his support for suicide bombings, the use of Qassam rockets on Israeli population centers, and kidnappings of Israelis by Palestinian militants.

References

External links

1943 births
Living people
20th-century Israeli lawyers
21st-century Israeli lawyers
Arab members of the Knesset
Arab people in Mandatory Palestine
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Members of the 14th Knesset (1996–1999)
Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Palestinian nationalists
People from Northern District (Israel)
United Arab List leaders


Narchyang () is a village situated in Annapurna Rural Municipality, Nepal, in the north part of the Myagdi district. It is surrounded by similar villages such as: Patar,gadpar, Basgot,Gharap,Narchyang besi gau,Narchayng Lekhagau, ThadeSwara and Kopchepani.

It is connected to the district headquarters in Beni Bazar, approximately 100  km NW from Pokhara, by a rough agricultural road. The village consists of rustic houses with stone walls and roofs.

Tourist Attraction
Narchyang waterfall
Narchyang To Khopra Trekking Trail(Hiking Area)
Annapurna North Base Camp Trekking Trail (Maurice Herzog Trail)
Hydro Power Project

Demographics
The population of around 1500 consists mainly of the Magar ethnic group. The major group is Magares (Pun, Purja, Garbuja, Tilija, Paija, Buduja), and the second is Pariyar (Damaai) (Swingman & folk musicians)  Bishwokarma (Kami), (Ironsmiths)is. Magar is present. The village covers from sea level approx 1300-2200 masl. Others are Gurung.

Education
Narchyang was initiated to establish a school. It was the center of the education system gathering students from 5 villages.

Shree Prabha  Secondary School,
Shree Kranti Basic School,
Shree Nilgiri  Basic School,
Dhaulagiri basic School,
Narchyang Basic School.

Economy
The main occupation is agriculture. Some worked in the Nepalese, Indian Army, and British armies. Young adults emigrate for work, especially to Gulf Countries, along with Japan, Korea, and the United States. income has become the major economic support. Few people have an opportunity to work in government as a school teachers, and few people are entrepreneurs, such as production and orange orchards.

Geography
The village lies below high mountain peaks: Mount Dhaulagiri (8,091 m), Nilgiri (7,061 m), and Annapurna I (8,091 m), Annapurna South (7,219 m), and Baraha Shikhar (7,654 m). The village is rich in its specific culture and traditions. This is the only village in the region with Mongolian people inhabited.

It is rich in flora and fauna.

References

Populated places in Nepal
Gandaki Province
Myagdi District


Niskot  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1772 people living in 327 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Okharbot  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2009 people living in 379 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Pakhapani, Myagdi  is a Rural Municipality in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2565 people living in 533 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Postscriptum is an album by Czesław Niemen released in 1980. "Dziwny jest ten świat '79" is a new version of Niemen's best known song "Dziwny jest ten świat".

Track listing
 "Dziwny jest ten świat '79" - 4:14 (lyrics Czesław Niemen)
 "Pokój" - 4:42 (lyrics Sergiusz Michałkow)
 "Nim przyjdzie wiosna" - 5:15 (lyrics Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz)
 "Elegia śnieżna" - 6:02 (lyrics Jan Brzechwa)
 "Moje zapatrzenie" - 6:10 (lyrics Czesław Niemen)
 "Serdeczna muza" - 3:23 (lyrics Czesław Niemen)
 "Żyć przeciw wojnie" - 7:24 (instrumental)
 "Postscriptum" - 2:52 (lyrics Czesław Niemen)
 "Panflutronik (wymarsz na wczasy)" - 3:13 (instrumental, 2007 CD reissue bonus)
 "Wakacje 1939" - 12:12 (instrumental, 2007 CD reissue bonus)

Personnel
Czesław Niemen - vocal, keyboards, moog

Czesław Niemen albums
1980 albums


Patlekhet  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1697 people living in 345 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

 :ne:वाखेतWakhet

Populated places in Myagdi District


Pulachaur  is a market center in Beni Municipality in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. The former village development committee was annexed to form the new municipality on May 18, 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3394 people living in 736 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Rakhu Bhagawati  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3329 people living in 698 individual households.

References

2.RakhuOnline.com Rakhu, Myagdi

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Rakhupiple  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3538 people living in 782 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Eraserheads: The Reunion Concert 08.30.08 is a live concert album from the Filipino alternative band Eraserheads; it was released by Musiko Records & Sony BMG Music Entertainment (Philippines), Inc. The tracks contained in this album are the songs performed by the group during their reunion concert on August 30, 2008.

CD tracks listing
 "Alapaap" - 05:27
 "Ligaya" - 03:46
 "Sembreak" - 03:56
 "Hey Jay" - 04:26
 "Harana" - 05:57
 "Fruitcake" - 04:37
 "Toyang" - 04:10
 "Kamasupra" - 04:36
 "Kailan" - 03:27
 "Huwag Kang Matakot" - 03:04
 "Kaliwete" - 03:03
 "With A Smile" - 05:22
 "Shake Yer Head" - 04:52
 "Huwag Mo Nang Itanong" - 04:24
 "Lightyears" - 04:31

References
 Sony BMG Philippines Website

Eraserheads albums
2008 live albums


Magdy A Ishak MD, FRCS, CCIM (born 1947 in Suez, Egypt), is an orthopedic surgeon and the President of the Egyptian Medical Society UK. He is also Chairman of the Scottish-Egyptian Association and Vice Chairman of the British Egyptian Society. he is also Chairman of M I Holdings. He is honorary Companion Chartered Institute of Management.

Magdy is married to Rita GadelRab, a consultant anesthetist , and has one daughter, Lorraine, a maxillofacial surgeon.

See also
List of Copts
Lists of Egyptians

References

External links
Egyptian Medical Society site
British Egyptian Society

Egyptian people of Coptic descent
Egyptian orthopaedic surgeons
Egyptian emigrants to England
1947 births
Living people
People from Suez


Ramche is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2028 people living in 416 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


is the 2008 sequel to the Japanese anime television series Shugo Chara! Like its predecessor, Shugo Chara!! Doki— is loosely based on Peach-Pit's award-winning manga series Shugo Chara! and is produced by Satelight under the direction of Kenji Yasuda. The second season features new characters such as Lulu de Morcerf, a new employee for the Easter Company who uses her mysterious ruby necklace to corrupt people's dreams by turning their Heart's Eggs into ? Eggs causing them to wreak havoc.

The first episode, , was first broadcast on TV Tokyo in Japan on October 4, 2008, where the series continues to air. The episodes are rebroadcast by TV Aichi, TV Hokkaido, TV Osaka, TV Setouchi, and TVQ Kyushu Broadcasting within a few days of the initial broadcast.

Several pieces of theme music are used over the course of the series—two opening themes by Shugo Chara Egg! and two closing themes by J-pop group Buono!. The opening theme for the first twelve episodes is , and starting with episode sixty-five the opening theme is . The opening theme , which is from episode 77 to episode 89, is by the newest group, Guardians 4. The opening theme from episodes 90 to 102 is "School Days", also performed by Guardians 4. The ending theme from episodes 52 to 68 is . From episode 69 to 76, the ending theme is . The ending theme from episode 77 to 89 is "My Boy", which is also performed by Buono!. The ending theme from episode 90 to 101, is "Take It Easy!", again performed by Buono!. Episode 102 ends with "Honto no Jibun", originally shown as the first ending theme to the first season.

Episode list

See also
 List of Shugo Chara! episodes (01-51)
 List of Shugo Chara Party! episodes (103-127)

References
 General

 Specific

2008 Japanese television seasons
2009 Japanese television seasons
Doki


Ratnechaur  is a market center in Beni Municipality in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. The former village development committee was annexed to form the new municipality on May 18, 2014.  At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2369 people living in 434 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Sidrach Simpson (c.1600-1655) was an English Independent minister, one of the leaders of the Independent faction in the Westminster Assembly.

Life

Sidrach Simpson came from Lincolnshire. He was educated as a sizar at Emmanuel College and Queens' College, Cambridge.

After losing his Church of England status under William Laud, he spent time as a minister in the Netherlands. In the Westminster Assembly he was one of the "Five Dissenting Brethren" putting their names to the An Apologeticall Narration presented to Parliament on 3 January 1644. The others in the group were William Bridge, Jeremiah Burroughs, Thomas Goodwin and Philip Nye, all with a comparable Dutch background as ministers (Burroughs and Simpson both in Rotterdam), and united in a form of Congregationalism He was also in the group of ten, dominated by Independents, condemning in 1652 the Racovian Catechism, with Nye and Bridge, six further Independents, John Dury, and Adoniram Byfield.

He became Master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge in 1650, but was drifting in his last years to the outer extremes in his positions. He was preoccupied with his concurrent post as rector in London, at St Mary Abchurch, and then from 1653 at St Bartholomew-by-the-Exchange. Oliver Cromwell had him imprisoned for aggressive preaching.

Notes

1600s births
1655 deaths
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
Westminster Divines
English independent ministers of the Interregnum (England)
Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge


Rumaga  is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4612 people living in 873 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Shikha is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5862 people living in 1350 individual households.

The VDC includes the village of Ghorepani, a popular stop for trekkers on the Annapurna Circuit trek, and the Poon Hill viewpoint.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Singa  is a market center in Beni Municipality in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. The former village development committee was annexed to form the new municipality on May 18, 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2666 people living in 555 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Takam is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3629 people living in 757 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Mika Ahola (13 December 1974 – 15 January 2012) was a Finnish enduro rider and a five-time world champion. He was also a seven-time winner of the International Six Days Enduro (ISDE) World Trophy with Team Finland, and was the fastest overall in the competition in 1999, 2001 and 2002.

Ahola debuted in the World Enduro Championship in a Husqvarna in 1993, and became a regular title contender after joining the TM factory team in 1997. In 2001, he finished runner-up for the third time, after losing the final round in Sweden and the 500 cc world title to Anders Eriksson by 0.06 seconds and a single point, respectively. Ahola took three more wins than Eriksson, but a mechanical problem in the second round in Slovakia proved costly for his title chase. After another second placing in 2002 and a third in 2003, he briefly moved to Husqvarna until signing for Honda for the 2006 season, which saw him finish second to KTM's Samuli Aro in the E2 class.

In 2007, Ahola took seven wins and finished on the podium in all but one event, beating compatriot Aro and Yamaha's Johnny Aubert to finally win the world championship. For the 2008 season, he moved to the E1 class and took his second world title ahead of KTM's Iván Cervantes. Ahola went on to win a fourth consecutive title in 2010. In 2011, he moved to the E3 class and became the first rider to win the world championship in all the three current categories.

Ahola debuted in the Barcelona Indoor Enduro in 2003, resulting fourth. He ended fourth again in 2004 and fifth in 2006. The rider entered the FIM Indoor Enduro World Cup in 2007/08, where he took two podiums and resulted third in points. In 2008/09 he got three podiums and ended fourth in the standings. The rider resulted sixth in 2009/10 with a best result of third. The Finn won a race and collected three podiums, to end third in points.

Mika Ahola announced his retirement from enduro racing on New Year's Day 2012. Ahola died of internal injuries on 15 January 2012 at a hospital in Barcelona, a few weeks after crashing while training in Girona, Spain.

Career summary

ISDE

References

1974 births
2012 deaths
Enduro riders
Finnish motorcycle racers
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Motorcycle racers who died while racing
Sport deaths in Spain


Tatopani is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 843 people living in 182 individual households. Singa Tatopani Kunda in Myagdi district is known as a natural remedy. There is a belief that if you take regular bath in a pool of hot water of 50 degree Celsius for a week, you will be cured of diseases like joint, skin, gastritis, nerves, bath, back pain, limb swelling, stomach swelling and goiter. The water in the pool smells like birch bark.

There are three small and big tanks in the tank area. Three hundred people can dive into the pool at a time. Five hundred to one thousand people have been bathing in the pool daily. It is especially crowded from September to April. You have to pay Rs 150 for a bath. To reach Kunda, one can travel by car at a distance of nine kilometers from Beni, the district headquarters of Myagdi, while it is 297 kilometers away from Kathmandu.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Myagdi District

Populated places in Myagdi District


Ilana Cohen (, born 16 November 1943) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for One Nation and the Labor Party from 2003 until 2006.

Biography
Born in Iraq, Cohen made aliyah in 1949. She worked as a nurse, and chaired the Nurses' Union.

In 2003 she was elected to the Knesset on the One Nation list. In 2005 the party merged into the Labor Party. She lost her seat in the 2006 elections, having decided to retire from politics.

References

External links

1943 births
Iraqi Jews
Israeli nurses
Women members of the Knesset
Living people
Israeli Labor Party politicians
One Nation (Israel) politicians
Iraqi emigrants to Israel
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
21st-century Israeli women politicians


Asiconops is a subgenus of flies from the genus Conops in the family Conopidae.

The European species of the subgenus are:
C. elegans Meigen, 1824
C. flavifrons Meigen, 1824
C. insignis Loew, 1848
C. longiventris Kröber, 1916
C. weinbergae Camras & Chvála, 1984

References

Parasitic flies
Conopidae
Insect subgenera


Jelani Akil Gardner (born December 26, 1975) is an American-French basketball coach and former professional player. He is 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) in height. He played mainly at the shooting guard position, but also at the point guard and small forward positions. He played with the Milton Keynes Lions Basketball Club until he was released in January 2011.

College career
After playing high school basketball at St. John Bosco High School in Bellflower, California, Gardner played college basketball at the University of California. However, when his parents became disenchanted with their son's lack of playing time, they revealed to the NCAA that Todd Bozeman, Cal's head coach, had paid them about $30,000 over a two-year period so his parents could attend Jelani's games.

After the scandal broke, Gardner transferred to Pepperdine. Bozeman was ultimately forced to resign and effectively blackballed from the college ranks until 2005, and Cal was forced to forfeit every game in which Gardner played (the entire 1994–95 season and all but two games of the 1995–96 season).

Professional career
A blood test as part of a pre-NBA draft physical examination in 1995 revealed that Gardner had kidney disease, further hurting his NBA Draft stock.

Gardner played professionally with clubs such as Maccabi Rishon, the Grand Rapids Hoops, the Fort Wayne Fury, the Hamburg Tigers, the Roanoke Dazzle, Reims, Krka Novo Mesto, ESPE Basket Châlons-en-Champagne, AS Golbey-Epinal, Universitet Yugra Surgut, Trikala 2000 in his professional career.

Finally, in 2002, after playing with kidney disease for 7 years, Gardner reached the critical stage of his condition and received a kidney transplant from his mother that year.

External links
Basketpedya.com Player Profile

References

Living people
1975 births
California Golden Bears men's basketball players
French men's basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
London Lions (basketball) players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Pepperdine Waves men's basketball players
Point guards
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Trikala B.C. players
Kidney transplant recipients
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Pasadena, California


Towers of Darkover is an anthology of fantasy and science fiction short stories edited by American writer Marion Zimmer Bradley. The stories are set in Bradley's world of Darkover. The book was first published by DAW Books (No. 919) in July 1993.

Contents
 Editorial by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 "Love of the Banshee" by Lynne Armstrong-Jones
 "The Wind Man" by Dorothy J. Heydt
 "Shelter" by Nina Boal
 "Carmen's Flight" by Margaret L. & Leslie R. Carter
 "Ten Minutes or So" by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 "Victory's Cost" by Patricia B. Cirone
 "Kefan McIlroy Is Snared" by Aletha Biedermann-Wiens
 "Rosa the Washerwoman" by Mary Ellen Fletcher
 "Like a Moth to the Flame" by Emily Alward
 "A Change of View" by Judith Kobylecky
 "Choices" by Lynn Michals
 "A Lesser Life" by Patricia Duffy Novak
 "Summer Storms" by Glenn Sixbury
 "Conscience" by Alexandra Sarris
 "Shame" by Charley Pearson
 "The Frontier" by Diana L. Paxson
 "The Aillard Anomaly" by Diann Partridge
 "Destined for the Tower" by Elisabeth Waters and Deborah Wheeler
 "The Madwoman of the Kilghard Hills" by Joan Marie Verba
 "I'm a Big Cat Now" by David R. Heydt

References

Darkover books
1993 anthologies
American anthologies
Fantasy anthologies
Works by Marion Zimmer Bradley
DAW Books books


Wazir Ali Khan (19 April 1780 – 15 May 1817) was the fourth Nawab wazir of Oudh from 21 September 1797 to 21 January 1798 and the adopted son of Asaf-Ud-Daulah.

Life

He was the adopted son of Asaf-ud-Daulah, who had no son. He adopted a boy who was the son of his sister. At 13 years of age, Ali was married at the cost of £300,000 in Lucknow.

After the death of his surrogate father in September 1797, he ascended to the throne (musnud), with the support of the British. Within four months they accused him of being unfaithful. Sir John Shore (1751–1834) then moved in with 12 battalions and replaced him with his uncle Saadat Ali Khan II.

Ali was granted a pension of 3,00,000 Rupees and moved to Benares. The government in Calcutta decided that he should be removed further from his former realm. George Frederick Cherry, a British resident, relayed this order to him on 14January 1799 during a breakfast invitation at which Ali had appeared with an armed guard. During the ensuing argument, Ali struck Cherry a blow with his saber, whereupon the guards killed the resident and two more Europeans. They then set out to attack the house of Samuel Davis, the Magistrate of Benares, who defended himself on the staircase of his house with a pike until rescued by British troops. The affair became known as the Massacre of Benares.

Subsequently, Ali assembled a rebellious army of several thousand men. A quickly assembled force commanded by General Erskine moved into Benares and "restored order" by 21 January. Ali fled to Azamgarh then to Butwal, Rajputana where he was granted asylum by the Raja of Jaipur. On request of Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, the Raja turned Ali over to the British on the condition that he neither be hanged nor be put in fetters. Ali surrendered to the British authorities in December 1799 and was placed in rigorous confinement at Fort William, Calcutta.

The colonial government complied with this: Ali spent the rest of life – 17 years – in an iron cage in Fort William in the Bengal Presidency. He was buried in the Muslim graveyard of Kasi Baghan.

Children
Mirza Jalaluddin Haidar Ali Jhan Bahadur born 1798, married and got Issue
Nawab Mubarak ud-Daula, who moved to Ottoman Empire
Mirza Muhammad Ali Khan
Sahibzadi Saadatunnisa Begum

Timeline

Literature
 Baillie, Laureen (Hrsg.): Indian Biographical Archiv; München, , Fiche  492
 Davis, John Francis (1795–1890); Vizier Ali Khan; or, The massacre of Benares: a chapter in British Indian history .. (1871) (Orig. 1844)
 Higginbotham, J. J.; Men Whom India has Known. 1874
 Ray, Aniruddha; Revolt of Vizir Ali of Oudh at Benares in 1799; in: Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 49th Session, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 1988: S 331–338
Kartoos by Habib Tanvir

Notes

References

External links
 National Informatics Centre, Lucknow – Rulers of Awadh
 NAWABS OF OUDH & THEIR SECULARISM – Dr. B. S. Saxena
 HISTORY OF AWADH (Oudh) a princely State of India by Hameed Akhtar Siddiqui

1780 births
People from Lucknow
Wazir
1817 deaths
Indian Shia Muslims
Mughal Empire people


The Intelligencer may refer to the following newspapers:

The Intelligencer (Belleville), a daily newspaper published in Belleville, Ontario
The Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pennsylvania) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania
The Intelligencer, an 18th-century periodical launched by  Jonathan Swift and Thomas Sheridan in 1728
The Edwardsville Intelligencer, a daily newspaper published in Edwardsville, Illinois
Ames Tribune, originally known as The Intelligencer
Intelligencer (website), an offshoot of New York magazine
The Intelligencer and Wheeling News Register in Wheeling, West Virginia

See also
Intelligencer (disambiguation)
Intelligence (disambiguation)


Cherry Blossoms () is a 2008 German drama film directed by Doris Dörrie. This film, starring Elmar Wepper, Hannelore Elsner and Aya Irizuki, tells the story of Rudi: terminally ill, he travels to Japan after the sudden death of his wife Trudi – in order to make up for missed opportunities in life.

Plot

Trudi Angermeir, who has always dreamt of visiting Japan with her husband Rudi, learns that he is terminally ill. Although distraught over the news, she decides against breaking it to him, instead suggesting they visit their youngest son Karl in Tokyo (which he refuses to), or at least their daughter and other son in Berlin, which he reluctantly agrees to.

Upon arrival after travelling from their Bavarian village, their oldest son Klaus brings them home where his wife Emma and children Celine and Robert, later joined by his sister Karolin, receive them unenthusiastically. After Trudi and Rudi have gone to bed on their first night, the other adults discuss their nuisance over the sudden visit and how neglected the two siblings felt while growing up compared to their younger brother.

The following morning, Karolin's girlfriend Franzi who seems to like the old couple better picks them up at Klaus's to show them around. Their daughter joins them that afternoon at her and Franzi's place, but soon tension arises and her parents leave back to Klaus's. They fail to purchase S-Bahn tickets and a frustrated Rudi snaps to Trudi, who suggests they go to the beach. The following evening, Trudi, Rudi, and Franzi attend a Butoh performance - Trudi and Franzi watch the show while a bored and frustrated Rudi waits outside.

The elderly couple travel to a beach resort and spend a couple of days walking by the shore. On the third day, Rudi finds that Trudi has died in her sleep. He is joined in the beach town by his children and their partners; Karl flies in from Tokyo. Behind Rudi's back, his family discusses his noticeable grief and struggle to cope. Rudi, distraught, finally gets back home and resents his new solitude. Trudi's ashes are buried in a ceremony which only Franzi and Rudi of all the family attend.

After some time, Rudi suddenly flies to Tokyo to visit Karl, who takes him in his small flat but has no time to show him around. Initially, Rudi stays home with little to do with his time, and takes a liking to wear Trudi's clothes to remember her the better. Soon he ventures outside and gets lost in the busy, vibrant Tokyo streets, but eventually gets to know some quiet spots while wearing Trudi's jumper and skirt underneath his coat to feel that he is showing Japan to her; one day he spots a young lady in a park dancing what appears to be Butoh. Karl grows increasingly annoyed because of him, as Rudi learns when he overhears a conversation with him and Klaus.

Soon afterwards, Rudi sees the dancing girl again and approaches her to enquire about Butoh. She explains to him the nature of Butoh and they develop a friendship; thus he learns that she has been an orphan for one year and dances Butoh to cope with the loss of her mother. The girl, whose name is Yu, helps him get into the train back to Karl's, and over the following days they see each other every day, while Rudi starts to notice his health deteriorating. One day Yu tells him that she lives in a tent; moved, Rudi follows her as she goes back home and learns that she is homeless, so he takes her home much to Karl's irritation; hearing them argue while she is taking a shower, she discreetly leaves back to her tent.

The following morning, Rudi grabs his belongings and discreetly leaves. He asks Yu to join him to a trip to Mount Fuji to fulfil Trudi's dream and they take the train to a mountain resort. Yu explains to him that Mount Fuji is ‘very shy’ and remains veiled by the clouds most of the time, which they see for themselves upon arrival. They register in a ryokan and spend the following days waiting for the weather to improve, with Rudi's patience and health wearing out. One night he wakes up in fever; Yu looks after him and soothes him back to sleep. Before dawn, Rudi wakes up again and, looking out of the window, finds that the sky is clear and Mount Fuji perfectly visible. He puts on Trudi's kimono and paints his face, then rushes out to the lakeshore to dance in Butoh style; Trudi's spirit joins him and they both dance, before he collapses and dies.
Shortly after Rudi's death, a deeply saddened Yu goes over his belongings and discovers an envelope in which he had left her all his savings. Karl arrives and he and Yu perform a traditional ceremony after Rudi's cremation to place his bones in an urn. They drive back to Tokyo and part outside Karl's building.

Back in their parents's home, Klaus, Karolin, and Karl grimly discuss both sudden deaths, to which Franzi states that ‘he probably was happy in the end.’ Yu, for her part, is seen back in the park under the cherry blossoms, dancing Butoh with Rudi's hat and other belongings.

Cast
 Elmar Wepper as Rudi Angermeier
 Hannelore Elsner as Trudi Angermeier
  as Yu
 Nadja Uhl as Franzi
 Maximilian Brückner as Karl Angermeier
 Birgit Minichmayr as Karolin Angermeier
  as Klaus Angermeier
 Floriane Daniel as Emma Angermeier
 Celine Tanneberger as Celine Angermeier
 Robert Döhlert as Robert Angermeier

Notes

External links

German drama films
2000s German-language films
2000s Japanese-language films
2000s English-language films
Films set in Berlin
Films set in Germany
Films set in Japan
2008 films
2000s German films


Terra Deflorata was an album by Czesław Niemen released in 1989 and re-released in 1991 on CD as Extended Version.

Track listing
All lyrics written by Czesław Niemen.

 "Spojrzenie za siebie" – 7:14
 "Klaustrofobia" – 5:36
 "Status mojego ja" – 5:35
 "Zezowata bieda" – 4:44
 "Terra Deflorata" – 6:50
 "Unisono (Na pomieszane języki)" – 1:24
 "Począwszy od Kaina" – 7:06

Extended version (1991 CD reissue)

 "Pantheon" - 5:35 (new track)
 "Spojrzenie za siebie" - 7:16
 "Klaustrofobia" - 5:34
 "Status mojego ja" - 5:34
 "Alter Ego" - 3:33 (new track)
 "Blue Community" - 7:43 (new track)
 "Zezowata bieda" - 4:45
 "Terra Deflorata" - 6:54
 "Unisono (Na pomieszanie języki)" - 1:27
 "Począwszy od Kaina" - 7:08

Personnel
Czesław Niemen - vocal, keyboards, moog

References

Czesław Niemen albums
1989 albums


The 1969 Uber Cup was the fifth edition of the Uber Cup, the women's badminton team competition. The tournament took place in the 1968-1969 badminton season, 18 countries competed. Japan won its second title in the Uber Cup, after beating the Indonesia team in the Final Round in Tokyo, Japan.

Teams
18 teams from 4 regions took part in the competition. As defending champion, Japan skipped the qualifications and played directly in the final round of the inter-zone ties (team matches), effectively the semifinals of the tournament.

Australasian zone
 (exempt from qualifying rounds)

Asian zone
 (exempt from qualifying rounds)

European zone

Panamerican zone

From the qualifying rounds, four countries progressed to the inter-zone ties. From the Australasian zone, Indonesia advanced to the next round after beating Australia 7-0. From the Asian zone the Thailand team beat South Korea 5-2. In the European zone final England defeated East Germany 6-1. From the Pan American zone, United States advanced to the inter-zone ties after beating Canada 5-2 and getting a walkover from Peru.

Inter-zone playoffs

First round

Second round

Final round
Japan won its second consecutive Uber Cup final, having won the tournament in 1966. The Indonesian women won just one of seven matches. That winner was Minarni who beat the reigning All England champion Hiroe Yuki.

Final round

External links
 tangkis.tripod.com
Herbert Scheele ed., The International Badminton Federation Handbook for 1967 (Canterbury, Kent,      England: J. A. Jennings Ltd., 1967) 82–87.
Pat Davis, The Guinness Book of Badminton (Enfield, Middlesex, England: Guinness Superlatives Ltd., 1983) 122, 123.

Uber Cup
Uber Cup
Thomas & Uber Cup
Uber Cup


The Intelligencer and Wheeling News Register are combined daily newspapers under common ownership in Wheeling, West Virginia, and are the flagship publications of Ogden Newspapers.  The Intelligencer is published weekday mornings and Saturdays, while the News-Register is published weekday afternoons and Sundays.

See also
 List of newspapers in West Virginia

Newspapers published in West Virginia
Wheeling, West Virginia


La Bien-aimée is a 1967 French television drama directed by Jacques Doniol-Valcroze. It was based on short story "Fanny" by Lucie Faure who wrote screenplay. The music score is by Maurice Leroux. The production designer was Jean d'Eaubonne and the cinematographer was Sacha Vierny.

Principal cast
 Michèle Morgan as Fanny Dréal
Paul Guers as Albert de Frézac
Jean-Marc Bory as Jacques Forestier
Eleonore Hirt as La comtesse de Frézac
Marc Eyraud as Le père de Mérode
Nelly Borgeaud as Mme Claude
Margo Lion as Mme Floirat
Marianne Comtell as Antoinette
 Florence Giorgetti as Alice

External links
La Bien-aimée at AlloCiné

La Bien-aimée at the British Film Institute

French drama television films
1967 television films
1967 films
1960s French films


The confederate effect is the phenomena of people falsely classifying human intelligence as machine (or artificial) intelligence during Turing tests. For example, in the Loebner Prize during which a tester conducts a text exchange with one human and one artificial-intelligence chatbot and is tasked to identify which is which, the confederate effect describes the tester inaccurately identifying the human as the machine.

The confederate effect is the reverse of the ELIZA effect, which Sherry Turkle states is humans' "more general tendency to treat responsive computer programs as more intelligent than they really are": that is, anthropomorphizing.

The phenomenon was seen in the University of Surrey 2003 Loebner Prize for Artificial Intelligence, when both confederate (tested) humans, one male and one female, were each ranked as machine by at least one judge. More precisely, Judge 7 and Judge 9 ranked the female 'Confederate 2' as "1.00=definitely a machine"; the male 'Confederate 1' was ranked "1.00=definitely a machine" by Judge 4 and Judge 9. Also, the gender of these two hidden-humans were incorrectly identified (male considered female; woman considered man) in independent transcript analysis ('gender-blurring' phenomenon, see Shah & Henry, 2005).

Notes

References

Human–computer interaction


PADICAT acronym for Patrimoni Digital de Catalunya, in Catalan; or Digital Heritage of Catalonia, in English, is the Web Archive of Catalonia.

Created in 2005 by the Biblioteca de Catalunya, the public institution responsible for collecting, preserving and distributing the bibliographic heritage, and the digital heritage by extension. Has the technological collaboration of the Center for Scientific and Academic Services of Catalonia, (CESCA) for preserving and giving access to old versions of web pages published on the Internet. The Biblioteca de Catalunya, as the responsible of PADICAT, is member of the International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC).

History

PADICAT was born in 2005 following the trend of other national libraries on web archives creation, and as an answer to the publication of the guidelines for the preservation of digital heritage by the UNESCO. There are many web archives running. The most famous began in 1996: the Swedish Kulturarw3; the Australian Pandora, and the most popular repository, Internet Archive.

The analysis of these and other projects, made way to the planning of PADICAT project, following the common trend around the world of a hybrid model of functioning, complementing the regular capture of a whole geographical domain (.cat domain in this case), with selective actions, and expand these coverage to different social events that generate an intense activity in the network (electoral campaigns, for instance) or with thematic packages (museums of Catalonia, Catalan folk-rock on the web, etc.). PADICAT complements all this with users contributions through the recommended webs.

In June 2005, the Biblioteca de Catalunya started the preliminary phase, of planning, in which a projects analysis was performed about existing resources, agents involved in production of web pages of Catalonia and legal issues that determine practices that want to do.

Based on parameters defined by the Biblioteca de Catalunya, on July 21, 2006, began to collect automatically websites likely to be part of the digital heritage of Catalonia. On September 11, 2006, coinciding with celebration of National Day of Catalonia, PADICAT website was opened to the public, with about thirty web pages stored.

The 2006–08 period represents production phase, project plan pilot, PADICAT operation phase: systematic capture of web pages of Catalonia.

The 2009–2011 period, Biblioteca de Catalunya should be in an optimum position, whereby this system -a pioneer in Spain and a benchmark in Europe- operates at full capacity. Furthermore, have reached cooperation agreements with more than 450 institutions of all kinds and has warranted online open access to all collection.
On September 11, 2011, coinciding again with the National Day of Catalonia and with the fifth anniversary of its website, PADICAT has opened a new website version to access all deposited contents.

In November 2012, PADICAT has preserved 58,122 webs, 249.609 crawls, 349 million files and 13 TB of disk space. All of them are freely available.

Mission and functioning

Mission and objectives

The mission of PADICAT is to harvest, to process and to provide access to digital heritage of Catalonia born on the Internet.
Its objectives are:

 Massive compilation of .cat domain, thanks to the agreement with the Fundació puntCat.
 Systematic archiving of the web site production of Catalan organizations and companies.
 Promote lines of research through themed integration of digital resources related to specific events in Catalan public life, like political campaigns on the Internet, online music phenomenon, or museums on the Internet.

After its birth (2005-2006), growth (2007-2008) and consolidation (2009-2011) phases, since 2012 is wanted to systematize its capacity for growth, with the goal of incorporating 75.700 versions of about 32.000 web sites per year, from:

 A biannual compilation from 30.000 domain .cat resources.
 A biannual compilation from 550 resources from more than 450 organizations with a cooperation agreement.
 A biannual compilation from the resources that users have recommended.
 A daily compilation  from a substantial part of 30 online serial publications.

In addition, there are four permanent work areas:

 Defining preservation strategies for the digital heritage born on the Internet. PADICAT provides periodic reports about Catalan web sites; it detects which formats are having illegibility problems; and identifies the most used languages, etc.
 Promoting lines of research by creating monographic collections with involvement of experts from every subject.
 Creating and maintaining a digital serials archive through the systematized capture of digital serials of Internet. Now, it consists of a representative sample about the kind and contents, selected among born digital, without analogical equivalent.
 Cooperating with other web archives, libraries, archives and museums, for giving an efficient answer to challenges on digital preservation and access into its resources.

Functioning

Software

PADICAT is a system based on the implementation of several software that allow web pages to be collected, stored, organized, preserved and permanently accessed. Later to analysis phase and software test was determined that be used Heritrix software, applied in most capture of digital resources projects. This is a software charge to compile web pages as the user sees when surf the Internet and store it in compressed files with ARC or WARC extension. Then, Heritrix software is complemented by NutchWax, or by combination with Hadoop and Wayback, doing an indexing process to compiled information that will permit use these index for localize collection resources from query interfaces: Wera, that permits search from keywords through generated indexes by NutchWax; and Wayback, that lets consult by URL in generated indexes by Hadoop and same Wayback.

Has been used Web Curator Tool software, developed by National Library of New Zealand and British Library, as a document management system that permits allocate metadata to a significant part of collection, in order to integrate, in future, funds of deposit to search in other catalogs, from the Biblioteca de Catalunya or other institutions. Nowadays, websites are being cataloged through CAT, a software expressly developed by CESCA technicians for the project.

Hardware

With regard to hardware that maintains system, there are six nodes HP ProLiant DL360 G4p, charge to collection and indexation tasks of web pages. In charge of results searching and viewing in web interface there is Linux cluster high-availability, with balance features of requests loads and error tolerance if there is a technical disaster of nodes that integrate platform. NetApp FAS3170 cabin presents 19TB of disk capacity via NFS to these nodes.

Nodes are connected with fibre to a Storage Area Network (SAN) and is complemented with saving system of data backup robot.

Is expected to include the deposited contents in PADICAT to COFRE (COnservem per al Futur Recursos Electrònics), a high security preservation system created for the Biblioteca de Catalunya

References

External links
 PADICAT
 National Library of Catalonia
 Center for Scientific and Academic Services of Catalonia
 International Internet Preservation Consortium

Online archives
Web archiving
Web archiving initiatives
Spanish digital libraries
History of Catalonia


Charles Maries (18 December 1851 – 11 October 1902) was an English botanist and plant collector who was sent by James Veitch & Sons of Chelsea, London to search for new hardy plants in Japan, China and Taiwan between 1877 and 1879; there he discovered over 500 new species, which Veitch introduced to England. Amongst his finds, several bear his name, including Abies mariesii, Davallia mariesii, Hydrangea macrophylla "Mariesii", Platycodon grandiflorus "Mariesii" and Viburnum plicatum "Mariesii".

Early life
Maries was born in Hampton Lucy, Warwickshire, the youngest of five sons born to George and Mary Maries. His father was the boot- and shoe-maker for the village, as was his grandfather, Thomas Maries. He was educated at the Hampton Lucy Grammar School, where he learnt about plants from the Reverend George Henslow, who was headmaster between 1861 and 1865. Reverend Henslow went on to become the Royal Horticultural Society's Professor of Botany.

Of his brothers, Frederick (the eldest brother) and George followed their father and became cordwainers and shoe-makers, while Henry became a music teacher at Stratford-upon-Avon. The fourth brother, Richard, also had a strong interest in plants and he set up as a florist and nurseryman in Lytham, Lancashire. When their father died in 1869, Charles moved to Lytham to work at Richard's nursery.

James Veitch & Sons

After seven years working with Richard, Charles joined James Veitch & Sons of Chelsea, London in 1876, then one of the largest nurseries in Britain. According to "Hortus Veitchii", "he proved to be an industrious and steady workman" and he was soon promoted to foreman. His knowledge of Japanese and Chinese plants led to him being invited by Harry Veitch to "undertake an exploring expedition to the Far East, the object of which was to obtain seeds of the coniferous trees of Japan, and to explore the great Yangtze valley of China".

He left for Shanghai on 1 February 1877, calling at Hong Kong and Ningbo (where he visited the mountains previously explored by Robert Fortune) en route and then went on to Japan, arriving at Nagasaki on 20 April. After visiting local gardens, he left Nagasaki, for Shimonoseki, and then, by way of the Inland Sea, Osaka and Kyoto, reached Yokohama, where he visited the nurseries of which Fortune had written in such glowing terms, although Maries was disappointed with what he saw.

From Yokohama and Tokyo, Maries proceeded overland to Nikkō and thence to Aomori, the northernmost port of the main island. According to the account in "Hortus Veitchii", whilst waiting at Aomori for a steamer to convey him to Hakodate on the island of Hokkaidō: Maries noticed a conifer new to him growing in a garden, and learnt that it could be found in quantity on a neighbouring mountain. He went in search, and had reached a height of 3,500 ft., when it became obvious that the bamboo scrub formed an impassable barrier on that side of the mountain, and he reluctantly had to turn back, although the object of his search could plainly be seen. The following day he again made the ascent, but this time from the north side, and he succeeded in procuring cones of a new species, since named by Maxwell T. Masters, Abies mariesii.

Nearby, Maries also re-discovered Abies sachalinensis, which had previously been identified by Carl Friedrich Schmidt, a German botanical traveller, on the Russian island of Sakhalin in 1866, but had not been introduced to Europe.

Maries crossed to Hakodate on 20 June 1877 where he collected seeds of the beautiful Azalea rollisoni (Rhododendron indicum balsaminseflorum) which he dispatched to the Veitch Nurseries at Chelsea. He also sent back Styrax obassia, which was common on the volcanic slopes of the north island. Maries then continued to Sapporo; from the thickly wooded and mountainous districts in the neighbourhood, Maries sent back to England seeds of Abies yessoensis and Daphniphyllum glaucescens, as well as many maples and climbers, including Schizophragma hydrangeoides and Actinidia kolomikta.

From Sapporo he travelled by way of Chitose and Yūbetsu, visiting Urakawa and Samani. Near Samani, he discovered the pretty little Dracocephalum ruyschiana and obtained seed to send to Chelsea. Making Horoizumi, on Cape Erimo, his headquarters, Maries stayed in Hokkaidō from June to October 1877, exploring the mountains and making extensive entomological and botanical collections. Whilst exploring the forests of Hokkaido and the Hidaka Mountains, he discovered Platycodon grandiflorus and Acer nikoense.

Prior to his departure, he arranged for his collection to be taken by boat to Hakodate, to be sent on to England. The boat was laden with seaweed, which caused the ship to run aground; the box containing the seeds was transferred to another boat, which capsized and sank and the seed collection was lost. Fortunately, Maries had sufficient time to retrace his tracks and he managed to replace most of the missing seeds, which were successfully dispatched to London.

He left Hokkaidō on board the H.M.S. Modeste, arriving at Niigata, on the western coast of the main island, in December 1877, and travelled overland to Yokohama. On Christmas Day 1877, Maries left Yokohama for Hong Kong, arriving on 2 January 1878, and sailed a few days later for the island of Formosa (now Taiwan). He found penetrating the interior of the island difficult, and was only able to find a small amount of material, including seed of a new species of Lilium.

Maries then returned to Shanghai, on mainland China, from where, in the spring of 1878, he visited Zhenjiang, Jiujiang and nearby Mount Lushan, where he discovered a white form of Daphne genkwa as well as Hamamelis mollis, Pseudolarix amabilis, Rhododendron fortunei and Loropetalum chinense. In the Lushan Mountains, Maries visited the Temple of Teen Cha where he saw magnificent trees of Larix kaempferi, Cryptomeria japonica and Liriodendron chinense, as well as Lilium lancifolium formosanum. On this trip Maries suffered severely from sunstroke and returned to the coast. Whilst in China, Maries re-discovered Acer davidii, which had been originally discovered by Père Armand David when there as a missionary.

After spending the summer of 1878 back in Japan, where he collected seeds of conifers, he returned to China in December, basing himself at Hankou on the Yangtze River. In the early spring of 1879, he set off for Yichang, 800 miles higher up the river. In the gorges of Ichang, Maries found Primula obconica, and sent seed to Chelsea. Because of his unwillingness to understand the Chinese and his unstable temperament, they made life so miserable for him it was necessary for him to leave. He incurred their enmity to such a degree that they destroyed virtually everything that he had collected. According to Hortus Veitchii, "he was not sufficiently gentle, and was often threatened and occasionally robbed of his baggage".

By the summer of 1879, he was back in Japan – on this trip seeds of many Japanese oaks were gathered and the beautiful dwarf bamboos, including the Square Bamboo, which he successfully introduced to England.

Maries returned to England in February 1880, when his herbarium was sent to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and his collection of insects was accepted by the British Museum.

India
Maries had left England before 1881 (his name does not appear in the 1881 census) to take  up employment in India and in 1882, he was recommended by Sir Joseph Hooker to the post of Superintendent of the gardens of the Maharajah of Darbhanga, where he laid out the very extensive grounds which surround the palaces.

He subsequently entered the service of the Maharajah Scindia of Gwalior, and again laid out the palace gardens. He remained superintendent of both the palace gardens and the Gwalior State Gardens until his death on 11 October 1902.

While working in India, Maries became an expert on mangoes, studying the texture, flavour, colour, history and location of mangoes that grew both wild and in cultivation. He wrote and illustrated a manuscript entitled Cultivated Mangoes of India but it was never published and is now in the archive at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Honours
Amongst the many honours he obtained in his lifetime, he was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1877, and in 1897 was one of the first sixty recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Victoria Medal of Honour. Other inaugural recipients were his childhood tutor, the Reverend George Henslow.

Hampton Lucy, where Maries was born, has created the "Charles Maries Trail" featuring samples of many of the plants he discovered and introduced to England. The trail was opened on 30 July 2005 by David Gray, Director of Horticulture, Education & Science for the Royal Horticultural Society.

Family and personal life
On 19 November 1881, he married Martha Maria Kerr, whose sister, Mary Haworth Kerr, was his brother Richard's wife. Martha had been born in Lytham in 1850 and travelled out to India to join him. They were married at St John's Church, Calcutta and went on to have three children; Francis, Mildred and Jasper, all of whom were born in India. Charles died on 11 October 1902 from a kidney stone – Martha survived him and lived until March 1936, dying in Edmonton, London aged 85.

According to Hortus Veitchii, "Maries had enthusiasm, but lacked "staying" power: he was musical, much to the delight of the Japanese peasants, and doubtless this must often have helped the work: he was a skilled shot, as the bucks on the domains of the Maharajah Scindia learnt to their cost when Maries was living in the country of the Mahrattas."

Plant introductions

Maries is credited with discovering over 500 new species which he introduced to England. Amongst these were:

Abies mariesii
Abies sachalinensis
Abies veitchii

Abies yessoensis
Acer davidii
Acer maximowiczianum
Acer polymorphum
Actinidia kolomikta
Adiantum mariesii
Chamaecyparis obtusa "Mariesii"
Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Square Bamboo)
Conandron ramondioides
Cryptomeria japonica
Daphne genkwa
Daphniphyllum glaucescens
Davallia mariesii

Dimerium abietis "Mariesii"
Dracocephalum ruyschiana
Elaeagnus macrophylla
Enkianthus campanulatus
Exochorda grandiflora
Fraxinus mariesii
Hamamelis mollis
Hydrangea macrophylla "Mariesii"
Hydrangea rosea (several new and distinct forms)
Ilex crenata "Mariesii"
Iris kaempferi	(many varieties)

Larix kaempferi
Lilium auratum gloriosoides
Lilium auratum platyphyllum
Lilium lancifolium formosanum
Lilium maculatum thunbergianum
Liriodendron chinense
Loropetalum chinense
Magnolia sieboldii
Magnolia stellata
Osmunda japonica corymbifera
Pinus chinensis
Platycodon grandiflorus "Mariesii"
Primula obconica
Primula sinensis
Pseudolarix amabilis
Rhododendron fortunei
Rhododendron indicum balsaminseflorum
Rhododendron mariesii
Schizophragma hydrangeoides
Spiraea palmata alba
Styrax obassia
Viburnum plicatum "Mariesii"

References

External links
The Life and Times of Charles Maries
Article in The Independent, 15 February 2003
Mango pictures by Maries

English botanists
1851 births
1902 deaths
People from Stratford-on-Avon District
Veitch Nurseries
Victoria Medal of Honour recipients
Botanists active in China
Botanists active in Japan
Plant collectors


Portmarnock Golf Club is a links golf club in Portmarnock, County Dublin, Ireland, located close to Dublin Airport.

The golf course is often rated as one of the top courses in the UK and Ireland and is also often included in lists of the top 100 golf courses in the world.

History
On Christmas Eve 1893, an insurance broker named W. C. Pickeman and his friend George Ross rowed over from Sutton to Portmarnock peninsula to explore the possibility of creating a golf links. The peninsula is about two miles long and covers over 500 acres. The course opened on Saint Stephen's Day 1894 with nine holes. It was extended to eighteen holes in 1896 with a new clubhouse and a further nine holes were added in 1971. The championship course follows the original layout although considerably lengthened (over 7,500 yards of the Championship tees). The only major change in the  routing was the insertion in 1927 of a new, now famous par three, the 15th hole.

Portmarnock Golf Club has welcomed some of the greatest players in the world from early greats such as Harry Vardon, Henry Cotton, Bobby Locke, to the first super star of golf, Arnold Palmer. In recent years Pádraig Harrington, Rory McIlroy, Phil Mickelson, David Duval, Paul McGinley and Tiger Woods have all played golf on the course.

Notable events hosted
Portmarnock was the venue for the first Irish Open in 1927, and has hosted the tournament on many occasions since, including 13 following its revival in 1975. Many other important golf tournaments have been held at the club, including the British Amateur Championship in 1949 and 2019, the Walker Cup in 1991, and the Canada Cup in 1960. In October 2023 The R&A said that they were "keen to investigate the possibility" of Portmarnock hosting the Open Championship or Women's Open Championship.

Discrimination claims

In 2003 the Equality Authority of Ireland brought a discrimination case in the Dublin District Court under which the club's drinks licence was suspended for 7 days. The finding was overturned in the High Court in 2005, and again in the Supreme Court in 2009, allowing the club to keep its men-only policy.

In 2005, the High Courts decision in the Equal Authority v. Portmarnock Golf Club & Ors became a significant case in Irish gender equality law. While the authority argued such discrimination could not be protected by Section 9 of the ESA because the club providing a space for golf is not necessarily a “need” of men, the Supreme Court believed it was fair to hold Portmarnock Golf Club as a nondiscriminatory club under the Equal Status Act, ruling the fundamental purpose of the club was golf.

Portmarnock Golf Club’s men-only policy was legally enforceable due to its exemption under equal status legislation. The reason for this discrimination against women is because the club has claimed their main purpose is to accommodate the needs of only one gender. Section 9 of the Equal Status Act states that clubs whose main purpose is to serve the needs of only one gender may be considered nondiscriminatory. However, Section 8 of the ESA holds that a club will be considered discriminatory if there is anything, such as a rule or practice that exempts a qualified member or an applicant for membership from being a member of the club. In addition, Section 8 claims a club is considered to be discriminatory if there are different terms and conditions of membership for different individuals. Because Section 8 prohibits gender discrimination, Portmarnock was technically a discriminating club under Section 8 of the ESA.

In May 2021, Portmarnock ended its men-only membership policy.

Honours
 27th best golf course in the UK and Ireland 2021/22 (Golf Monthly)
 62nd best golf course in the world 2022/23 (Golf Digest)
 53rd best golf course in the world 2021–22 (Golf Magazine)

References

External links

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ubPh097hDw

Portmarnock
Golf clubs and courses in the Republic of Ireland
Sports clubs and teams in Fingal
Walker Cup venues
Golf in County Dublin
1894 establishments in Ireland
Irish Open (golf) venues
Sports venues completed in 1894
Sports venues in Fingal


Defensible space may refer to:

 Defensible space theory, a concept of influencing negative social behavior through architectural and urban design
 Defensible space (fire control), referring to planning methods for prevention and control of fires


Steve or Steven Freeman may refer to:

Steve Freeman (American football) (born 1953), American defensive back
Steve Freeman (footballer), English midfielder during 1986–2003
Steve Freeman (soccer) (born 1975), American midfielder during 1992–2003
Steven Freeman, lead character in 1993's Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday

See also
Stephen Friedman (disambiguation)


The Jackson Sun is  a daily newspaper published in Jackson, Tennessee, and is one of western Tennessee's major newspapers, delivered to 13 counties. The newspaper is owned by Gannett. Its history dates back over 150 years.

See also

List of newspapers in Tennessee

References

External links

Official mobile website

Newspapers published in Tennessee
Jackson, Tennessee
Gannett publications


The 1999 Minnesota Lynx season was the inaugural season of the franchise.

Offseason

September 15, 1998 WNBA allocation

April 6, 1999 Expansion Draft

May 3, 1999 Post Expansion Draft Player Allocation

May 14, 1999 WNBA draft

Regular season

Season standings

Season Schedule

Player stats

Tonya Edwards ranked second in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goals with 66
Katie Smith ranked sixth in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goals, 52
Katie Smith ranked eighth in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goal Attempts with, 136
Katie Smith ranked ninth in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goal Percentage, (.382)

Awards and honors
Tonya Edwards led the WNBA in Three Point Field Goal Attempts with 192

References

External links
Lynx on Basketball Reference

Minnesota Lynx seasons
Minnesota
Minnesota Lynx


Marion Zimmer Bradley's Darkover is a collection of science fantasy short stories by American writer Marion Zimmer Bradley. The stories are set in Bradley's world of Darkover. The book was first published by DAW Books (No. 929) in October 1993.

The stories are divided into four sections, each preceded by a brief overview of Bradley's thoughts on that category's main subject(s). Some of the stories were previously unpublished, notably the "Hilary" stories that had been intended as drafts for a proposed novel about the character Hilary Castamir. Other stories in this collection originally appeared in previous Darkover anthologies edited by Bradley, although not all of her previous anthology contributions are reprinted here.

Contents
 Introduction
 "Free Amazons"
 "To Keep the Oath"
 "Amazon Fragment" (from the first draft of Thendara House)
 "House Rules"
 "Knives"
 "Hilary"
 "Firetrap", with Elisabeth Waters
 "The Keeper's Price, with Elisabeth Waters
 "The Lesson of the Inn"
 "Hilary’s Homecoming"
 "Hilary’s Wedding"
 "Rohana"
 "Everything but Freedom"
 "Dyan Ardais"
 "Oathbreaker"
 "The Hawk-Master’s Son"
 "Man of Impulse"
 "The Shadow"

Sources

Darkover books
1993 short story collections
American short story collections
Works by Marion Zimmer Bradley


A defensible space, in the context of fire control, is a natural and/or landscaped area around a structure that has been maintained and designed to reduce fire danger. The practice is sometimes called  firescaping. "Defensible space" is also used in the context of wildfires, especially in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). This defensible space reduces the risk that fire will spread from one area to another, or to a structure, and provides firefighters access and a safer area from which to defend a threatened area. Firefighters sometimes do not attempt to protect structures without adequate defensible space, as it is less safe and less likely to succeed.

Criteria
A first concept of defensible space for most fire agencies' primary goal of fuel reduction is a recommended or required defensible space around a structure to extend for at least  in all directions.
A second concept of defensible space is "fuel reduction." This means plants are selectively thinned and pruned to reduce the combustible fuel mass of the remaining plants. The goal is to break up the more continuous and dense uninterrupted layer of vegetation.
A third concept of defensible space is "fuel ladder" management. Like rungs on a ladder, vegetation can be present at varying heights from groundcover to trees. Ground fuel "rungs", such as dried grasses, can transmit fire to shrub rungs, which then transmit up tree branch rungs into the tree canopy. A burning tree produces embers that can blow to new areas, spreading and making it more difficult to control a wildland fire. One guideline is for a typical separation of three times the height of the lower fuel to the next fuel ladder. For example, a  shrub under a tree would need a spacing of  to the lowest limbs of the tree. Since wildfires burn faster uphill than on flat land, fuel ladder spacing may need to be greater for slopes.

Landscape use
The term defensible space in landscape ("firescape") use refers to the  zone surrounding a structure. Often the location is in the wildland–urban interface. This area need not be devoid of vegetation by using naturally fire resistive plants that are spaced, pruned and trimmed, and irrigated, to minimize the fuel mass available to ignite and also to hamper the spread of a fire.

The first  is the "Defensible Space Zone," of a defensible space around a structure. It is where vegetation is kept to a minimum combustible mass. A guideline used in this zone can be "low, lean and green." Trees should be kept to a minimum of ten feet from other trees to reduce risk of fire spread between trees. Wood piles should be kept in zone 2. No branches should be touching or hanging over the roof of the house or within 10 feet of the structure to help keep the structure safe. Any dead vegetation or plants from zone 1 should be removed, and vegetation near windows should be pruned or removed.
The second distance of , is the "Reduced Fuel Zone" of a defensible space around a structure. In this area of the defensible space, fuels/vegetation are separated vertically and horizontally depending on the vegetation type. This is done by: thinning, pruning, and removal of selected vegetation; and removing lower limbs from trees closer to lower vegetation and the lateral separation of tree canopies. Grass height should not exceed 4 inches. Trees should be 10 feet away from each other on a flat to mild slope but should be double that on a mild to moderate slope. Shrubs should be as far away as twice its height for flat to mid-slope but 4 times its height for mild to moderate slope. Leaves, twigs, needles, clones, bark, and small branches should be removed but can be left up to a depth of 3 inches. Vertical space from trees to ground should be 6 feet while the vertical distance from a tree to a shrub should be the height of the shrub times three.

An important component is ongoing maintenance of the fire-resistant landscaping for reduced fuel loads and fire fighting access. Fire-resistive plants that are not maintained can desiccate, die, or amass deadwood debris, and become fire assistive. Irrigation systems and pruning can help maintain a plant's fire resistance. Maintaining access roads and driveways clear of side and low-hanging vegetation can allow large fire equipment to reach properties and structures. Some agencies recommend clearing combustible vegetation at minimum horizontal 10 ft from roads and driveways a vertical of 13 ft 6 inches above them. Considering the plant material involved is important to not create unintended consequences to habitat integrity and unnecessary aesthetic issues. Street signs, and homes clearly identified with the numerical address, assist access also.

Unintended consequences
The unintended negative consequences of erosion and native habitat loss can result from some unskillful defensible space applications. The disturbance of the soil surface, such as garden soil cultivation in and firebreaks beyond native landscape zones areas, destroys the native plant cover and exposes open soil, accelerating invasive species of plants ("invasive exotics") spreading and replacing native habitats.

In suburban and wildland–urban interface areas, the vegetation clearance and brush removal ordinances of municipalities for defensible space can result in mistaken excessive clearcutting of native and non-invasive introduced shrubs and perennials that exposes the soil to more light and less competition for invasive plant species, and also to erosion and landslides. Negative aesthetic consequences to natural and landscaped areas can be minimized with integrated and balanced defensible space practices.

See also

Fire ecology
Firefighting
Wildfire suppression

References

External links
CAL-FIRE: Homepage + Links  Official CA State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection website.
CA State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection: "General Guidelines for Creating Defensible Space"
SBCFD Homepage + Links: "Defending Your Home and Hazard Reduction" Official Santa Barbara County Fire Department 'Wildfire' Website.
Santa Barbara County Fire Department: "Landscape Checklist"
Santa Barbara County Fire Department: "Homeowner Checklist"

Wildfire prevention
Wildfire suppression
Gardening aids
Sustainable forest management


Sir (Robert) Arthur Arnold (28 May 1833 – 20 May 1902) was a British Liberal politician and author.

Biography

He was the third son of Robert Coles Arnold, a justice of the peace of Framfield, Sussex, and the younger brother of poet Sir Edwin Arnold. Born in Gravesend, Kent, he was educated privately and trained as a surveyor and land agent.

In 1861, he was involved in the surveying operations prior to the construction of the Thames Embankment. Two years later he was appointed under the 1863 Public Works (Manufacturing Districts) Act as an Assistant Commissioner (and later Inspector) of Public Works in Lancashire, during the Cotton Famine, and subsequently wrote A History of the Cotton Famine. In his spare time he was a writer, and published two "sensation" novels: Ralph, or St Sepulchre's and St Stephen's (1863) and Hever Court (1867).

He made a tour of southern and eastern Europe in 1867, and became a strong supporter of the Kingdom of Greece a position he set out in From the Levant. In 1873 he was awarded the Golden Cross of the Order of the Saviour of Greece.

In 1867, he married Amelia Elizabeth Hyde of Castle Hyde, County Cork. They had no children. His wife was a campaigner for women's suffrage and a prominent public figure in her own right.

He was a member of the Radical faction of the Liberal Party, and in 1868 was the first editor of The Echo, a Liberal evening paper. In 1873 was an unsuccessful candidate for a by-election at Huntingdon. In 1875, soon after the sale of the Echo to Albert Grant, Arnold resigned his editorship and journeyed through the Middle East with his wife. He published an account of the thousand-mile journey in 1877 as Through Persia by Caravan.

In 1878, he published a collection of his political writings as Social Politics. Among the causes he supported were disestablishment of the Church of England, land law reform, reform of local government in The Metropolis, nationalisation of railways, women's suffrage and support for the temperance movement.

In 1880, he was elected as one of two members of parliament for Salford, with the Liberals gaining both seats at the expense of the Conservatives. The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 split the parliamentary borough of Salford into three single-member divisions, and Arnold stood unsuccessfully for the new Salford North constituency in 1885 and 1886. At the 1892 general election he stood at Dorset North, but again failed to be elected.

On the creation of the London County Council in 1889, Arnold was elected as a county alderman, and was chairman of the council from 1895 to 1897. He was knighted in 1895. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for the County of London, and a Board of Trade Harbour Commissioner and JP for Dartmouth.

His beliefs were reflected in his presidency of the Free Land League and his membership of the London Anti-Vivisection Society.

Sir Arthur Arnold died suddenly at his Kensington, London, home in May 1902, aged 68.

Works

References

External links

1833 births
1902 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1880–1885
Members of London County Council
Knights Bachelor
British newspaper editors
Progressive Party (London) politicians
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Salford
People from Gravesend, Kent
People from Kensington
English justices of the peace


The Horrorist was an occult and horror-themed comic book limited series written by Jamie Delano, with art by David Lloyd, published by the DC Comics imprint Vertigo.  It was a spin-off of Vertigo's popular Hellblazer series and features the character John Constantine.  The book consisted of two 52-page issues without advertisements, published in December 1995 and January 1996 respectively.

Plot
The story revolves around Angel, who as a young girl was rescued from war-torn Mozambique, and who witnessed the most unspeakable war crimes and atrocities.  As an adult, in the present day, Angel becomes a "Horrorist", that is, someone who redistributes pain by unveiling to people the suffering of others.  She travels America's roadways, annihilating people's solipsistic existence by exposing them to the unfettered scope of true oppression, famine and murder. Sometimes this takes the form of altered reality, such as several boys playing in the snow dying from landmines that were not there earlier.

Demonologist John Constantine is drawn to Angel, both sexually and psychologically, mostly out of a hope that she can penetrate his emotional numbness.  While they have sex, Angel fills Constantine's mind with all the suffering in the world, emptying herself, which ultimately restores a bit of Constantine's lost humanity at the apparent cost of her life.

Collected editions
The Horrorist was collected along with Hellblazer #10–13, and The Hellblazer Annual as The Devil You Know ().

Notes

References

 The Horrorist at the Big Comic Book DataBase

1995 comics debuts
Fantasy comics
Hellblazer


Dostana ( in Hindi-Urdu) may refer to:
Dostana (1980 film), an Indian film by Raj Khosla
Dostana (2008 film), an Indian film by Tarun Mansukhani
''Dostana 2, its unrealized sequel

See also
 Dost (disambiguation)
 Dosti (disambiguation)


The Ramshorn Dude Ranch Lodge in Grand Teton National Park was built after 1935 by mountaineers Paul Petzoldt, founder of the National Outdoor Leadership School, and Gustav Koven. The property that became the Ramshorn Ranch was originally established by Ransom Adams at the mouth of Gros Ventre Canyon near Ditch Creek.  By 1921 the property was acquired by Jack and Dollye Woodsman, who established the Flying V dude ranch, featuring a large central lodge.  In 1932 the lodge burned, prompting the Woodsmans to sell the ranch to Koven and Petzoldt in 1935, who planned to expand the dude ranch as a climbing school and hunting camp.  Petzoldt withdrew from the partnership in 1937 after suggesting the name be changed to the Ramshorn Ranch. The present lodge was completed in 1937 by the Woodward brothers, who took over operation.  A variety of owners and partners ensued until 1956, when the ranch was sold to the National Park Service. The Park Service then leased the ranch back to concessioners who operated it as the Elbo Ranch until 1973, replacing the former Elbo Ranch purchased by the Park Service. The Teton Science School was established on the property in 1974 under a special use permit.

The lodge is now the main building of the Kelly Campus of the Teton Science School, and retains its rustic character. Structures from the nearby Hunter Hereford Ranch designed by Ogden, Utah architect Eber Piers were moved from the Hunter ranch when the Hunter residential complex was removed in the 1990s. The Ramshorn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1998.

See also
 Manges Cabin (first Elbo Ranch)
 Hunter Hereford Ranch directly adjacent to the Ramshorn
 Historical buildings and structures of Grand Teton National Park

References

External links

Ramshorn Lodge at Grand Teton National Park
Kelly Campus, Teton Science School
Grand Teton Historic Resource Study: The Dude Wranglers National Park Service
Ramshorn Dude Ranch Lodge at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Buildings and structures in Grand Teton National Park
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Ranches in Wyoming
Dude ranches in Wyoming
Ranches on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Teton National Park
1935 establishments in Wyoming


Riva Palacio may refer to:
Riva Palacio, a municipality in Chihuahua State, Mexico
Riva Palacio, the largest Mennonite colony in Bolivia, see Mennonites in Bolivia
ARM Riva Palacio, a minesweeper of the Mexican Navy

People with the surnames
Mariano Riva Palacio (1803–1880), Mexican politician and lawyer, three times Governor of the State of México
Vicente Riva Palacio (1832–1896), Mexican politician, essayist, novelist and historian
Carlos Riva Palacio, president of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario 1933–34
Emilio Riva Palacio, Governor of Morelos from 1964 to 1970
Antonio Riva Palacio López, Governor of Morelos from 1988 to 1994
Raymundo Riva Palacio, journalist for El Universal


Privates on Parade: A Play with Songs in Two Acts is a 1977 farce by English playwright Peter Nichols (book and lyrics), with music by Denis King.  The drama draws upon Nichols' own experiences in the real-life Combined Services Entertainment, the postwar successor to ENSA, Entertainments National Service Association.  The play is noteworthy for, inter alia, a series of musical numbers, performed by the male lead, parodying the style of such performers as Noël Coward, Marlene Dietrich and Carmen Miranda.

Plot
The play is set around the activities and exploits of the fictional Song and Dance Unit South East Asia (SADUSEA), a British military concert party stationed in Singapore and Malaya in the late 1940s during the Malayan Emergency.

Productions
It was premiered at Stratford by the Royal Shakespeare Company, before receiving its London première at the Aldwych Theatre on 17 February 1977, where it ran for 208 performances.  This production won the 1977 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy.

It was revived in 1979 at the Derby Playhouse and at York Theatre Royal, and again in 1982 with Bruce Payne as Flight Sergeant Kevin Cartwright and Tim Barlow; another revival was produced in 1989. A 2001 revival directed by Michael Grandage at the Donmar Warehouse had a cast including Roger Allam, James McAvoy, Malcolm Sinclair and Indira Varma, set design by Christopher Oram and choreography by Scarlett Mackmin.  Allam received the 2002 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance.

In 2012 it was staged at the Noël Coward Theatre in London as the opening production of the first season of work from the newly formed Michael Grandage Company, with Simon Russell Beale in the lead.

Original cast
Charles Bishop - Tim Wylton
Cheng - Richard Rees
Corporal Len Bonny - Joe Melia
Eric Young-Love - Simon Jones
Kevin Cartwright - Ben Cross
Lee - 	John Venning
Major Giles Flack - Nigel Hawthorne
Reg Drummond - David Daker
Steven Flowers - Ian Gelder
Sylvia Morgan - Emma Williams
Terri Dennis - Denis Quilley

Film adaptation

The play was adapted by Nichols and Handmade Films for a 1982 film with John Cleese and Denis Quilley, directed by Michael Blakemore.

Awards and nominations
Awards
 1977 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy
 1990 New York Drama Critics' Circle Award Best Foreign Play
 1990 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play: Simon Jones

References

Further reading

External links

1977 plays
1977 musicals
Comedy plays
LGBT-related plays
Laurence Olivier Award-winning plays
New York Drama Critics' Circle Award winners
Off-Broadway plays
British plays adapted into films
Plays by Peter Nichols
West End plays
Musicals set in Singapore
Musicals set in the 1940s


is the eighth studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Miyuki Nakajima, released in March 1981.

The album features "Hitori Jouzu", a song released as a lead single in October 1980 and became her second top-ten hit on the Japanese Oricon (since her 1977 chart-topper "The Parting Song").

Month of Parturition topped the Japanese albums chart for two weeks, and marked the number-six on the country's year-end chart of 1981. Also in December 1981, the album received honor of winning the 23rd Japan Record Awards for "Album Best 10", a category acclaimed the ten most magnificent long-playing records.

Along with a follow-up Kansuigyo released in the following year, Month of Parturition has been one of her best-selling non-compilation albums to date, selling over 590,000 copies.

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Miyuki Nakajima.

Side one
"" – 3:19
"" – 5:42
"" – 5:13
"" – 4:12
"" – 4:55

Side two
"" – 4:18
"" – 6:56
"" – 4:06
"" – 6:48

Personnel
 Miyuki Nakajima – Vocals
 Masaki Matsubara – electric guitar
 Takashi Ozaki – electric guitar
 Ken Yashima – electric guitar
 Shigeru Suzuki – electric guitar
 Kazuo Shiina – electric guitar
 Chuei Yoshikawa – acoustic guitar
 Hiromi Yasuda – acoustic guitar
 Tsugutoshi Goto – bass guitar
 Michio Nagaoka – bass guitar
 Kenji Takamizu – bass guitar
 Ryoichi Akimoto – bass guitar
 Masataka Matsutoya – keyboards
 Haruo Togashi – keyboards
 Yasuharu Nakanishi – keyboards
 Maki Tashiro – keyboards
 Izumi Kobayashi – keyboards
 Nobu Saito – percussion
 Motoya Hamaguchi – percussion
 Yuki Sugawara – percussion
 Nobuo Yagi – harmonica
 Keiko Yamakawa – harp
Jake H Conception – saxophone
 Eiji Shimamura – drums
 Yuichi Tokashiki – drums
 Tatsuo Hayashi – drums
 Yutaka Uehara – drums

Production
Performer, composer, lyricist, producer: Miyuki Nakajima
Arranger: Katz Hoshi (Side one #1 / Side two #3), Hiromi Yasuda (Side one #2), Masataka Matsutoya (Side one No. 3 / Side two #2,4), Mitsuo Hagita (Side one #4,5 / Side two #1)
Recording director: Yoshio Okujima
Director: YūZō Watanabe
Mixing and mastering engineer: Katsuya Kuroda
Assistant engineer: Bill Takahashi
Photographer, art director: Jin Tamura
Designer: Hirofumi Arai
Management for the artist: Hiroshi Kojima, Kunio Kaneko
Executive producer: Genichi Kawakami
Special Thanks to Gil House People
Mixed and Mastered at the Hitokuchizaka SIudio, Tokyo, Japan

Awards

Chart positions

Album

Singles

References

Miyuki Nakajima albums
1981 albums
Pony Canyon albums


Swarthmore High School was a four-year public high school in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania serving the Boroughs of Swarthmore and Rutledge.

History
Swarthmore established its own independent school district when Swarthmore Borough incorporated in 1893.

Families in Springfield Township could choose to send their children to Swarthmore High, Lansdowne High School, and/or Media High School prior to the 1931 establishment of Springfield High School.

The Swarthmore and Rutledge School Districts merged in 1955.  In 1971 the Swarthmore-Rutledge District merged with adjacent Nether Providence School District to create the Wallingford-Swarthmore School District.

After Pennsylvania state officials determined that Swarthmore was too small for its own secondary schools, Swarthmore High School merged with Nether Providence High School in Wallingford to form Strath Haven High School in the fall of 1983. The merged school was and still is based at the former Nether Providence campus.

The building that was Swarthmore High School is now the Swarthmore-Rutledge School, an elementary school in the Wallingford-Swarthmore School District.

Notable alumni
Edmund N. Bacon ('28), city planner (and father of actor Kevin Bacon)
Ron Bloom ('73), Presidential advisor in the Obama administration
Wally Butterworth ('18?), radio personality
Carl Gersbach ('64), National Football League player, 1970–1976
Terry Irving ('69), CNN Producer
Edmund Jones ('35), Pennsylvania State Representative
Bevan Sharpless ('22), planetary astronomer
Kim Maslin-Kammerdeiner ('83), Goaltender, 1991 US Women's World Cup Champion Soccer Team
Jan Westcott ('30), author

Further reading

References

Educational institutions established in 1893
Educational institutions disestablished in 1984
Schools in Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Defunct schools in Pennsylvania
1893 establishments in Pennsylvania
Swarthmore, Pennsylvania


The Wachapreague Channel is an inlet on the Eastern Shore of the state of Virginia in the United States.

The channel winds from the town of Wachapreague, Virginia, through a seaside marsh, and out to barrier islands. Between Cedar Island and Parramore Island it reaches the Atlantic Ocean.

Easy access from the town of Wachapreague to the marsh and ocean makes the Wachapreague Channel a popular transit route for fishermen.

The name of the channel came from the Algonquian people who resided in the area centuries ago.

The United States Navy motor torpedo boat tender USS Wachapreague (AGP-8), which was in commission from 1943 to 1946 and saw action in World War II, was named for the channel.

See also
Wachapreague, Virginia
USS Wachapreague (AGP-8)

Bodies of water of Accomack County, Virginia
Inlets of Virginia


Conopini is a tribe of the flies family Conopidae. The larvae of species are parasitic on bees, especially bumblebees. Most adults will feed on nectar.

Genera and subgenera

Genus Conops Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Asiconops Chen, 1939
Subgenus Conops Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Diconops Camras, 1957
Subgenus Sphenoconops Camras, 1955
Genus Leopoldius Rondani, 1843
Genus Physocephala Schiner, 1861
Genus Physoconops Szilady, 1926
Subgenus Aconops Kröber, 1917
Subgenus Gyroconops Camras, 1955
Subgenus Pachyconops Camras 1955

References

Parasitic flies
Parasites of bees
Conopidae
Brachycera tribes


Birjis Qadr (20 August 1845 – 14 August 1893) was the Nawab of Awadh from 1857 until 1858.

Following the outbreak of the War of 1857, Qadr's mother appointed him monarch of the state in 1857 and she became his regent. Although they provided stiff resistance to the British forces, they fled to Kathmandu in Nepal the following year after the capture of Lucknow. In Kathmandu, he became a poet and organised mushairas (poetry recitals).

In 1887, he returned to India and moved to Metiabruz, a neighbourhood of Kolkata. In 1893, he was allegedly murdered by his own relatives.

Early life and enthronement

Qadr was born in August 1845 at Qaisar Bagh, Lucknow, Oudh State, to Nawab Wajid Ali Shah and Begum Hazrat Mahal. In 1856, Qadr's father Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was deposed by the British on the pretext of mis-governance, and was exiled to Metiabruz, a neighbourhood of Calcutta (present-day Kolkata).

In 1857, the Sepoy Mutiny erupted against the East India Company, with Begum Hazrat leading the rebels in Awadh. A decisive victory by the rebel forces in the Battle of Chinhat forced the British to take refuge in The Residency (eventually resulting in the Siege of Lucknow). On 5 June, eleven-year old Qadr was declared the Nawab of Awadh by his mother Begum Hazrat under the active persuasion of Jailal Singh, the chief spokesman of the rebel army; his coronation was widely supported by court-nobles. Historian Rudrangshu Mukherjee notes that though the rebel army allowed Begum Hazrat to rule the state on Qadr's behalf, they had carved out a large degree of autonomy. Qadr subsequently wrote to Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II, asking for confirmation of his regency. This was granted, and he was awarded the title of Wazir.

Rule

In September 1857, a British regiment under James Outram and Henry Havelock managed to breach the rebel defenses and enter The Residency. However, they were greatly reduced in strength, provided little relief and remained isolated, barely able to wrest control of some adjoining territory under the stronghold. Qadr and Begum Hazrat issued routine proclamations that sought to emphasize the range of alleged injustices rendered by the British, from seizure of the commoners' property and forceful imposition of Christianity to the whimsical dethroning of Wajid Ali Shah and random toppling of local independent provinces on dubious grounds. Mukherjee notes that the rebels were in great spirits and enforced a highly effective blockade of the Residency. The rebellion drew strong support from the masses and almost all appeals by the British for negotiation or aid were completely ignored. Overall, despite an effective suppression of the Sepoy Mutiny over other parts of India, Lucknow (and Awadh) remained the last major bastion for anti-British forces in India and attracted numerous rebels from other territories, including Nana Sahib, Holkar, et al.

In November 1857, another British regiment under Colin Campbell, assisted by the population of The Residency, breached multiple defenses across the outskirts of Lucknow and defeated the local rebel forces to safely evacuate the besieged. Thereafter, Campbell chose to withdraw and defend other cities (especially Alambagh), that were under imminent threat of a rebel attack but without establishing a stronghold over Lucknow. The rebels continued to congregate in large numbers at Lucknow, which was geographically and strategically advantageous to their future strategies. At Alambagh, where Outram made his final settlement, he was attacked six times with the rebel strength often exceeding 30,000.

By December, the communication networks and rebellions in other parts of India were completely crushed; the rebel chiefs were isolated from one another and faced a futile war with their defeat imminent. In the same month, the rebels suffered an internal feud. Ahmadullah Shah, the Maulvi of Faizabad, challenged Qadr's leadership on the basis of a divine will, thus polarizing the mutineers. The factions clashed at least once, and their military strategies were often in opposition, affecting battles. Desertions and defections became increasingly commonplace. However, internal intelligence reports by British authorities concluded that they could not leverage the tensions to any advantage.

Campbell advanced on Lucknow in late February 1858. By 16 March, after intense street-battles, the British forces had captured Lucknow in its entirety, forcing the Begum, her supporters and Qadr to leave the city. Campbell failed to secure the escape routes and the rebel populace drifted across to the countryside, which meant that the fall of Lucknow did not automatically lead to the anticipated submission of Awadh.

Begum Hazrat declined a British offer of mercy and a pension, thus refusing to renounce the rights of her son and dispersed into the countrysides of Baundi. Notably, whilst the fall of Lucknow destroyed the Maulvi faction, Begum Hazrat maintained a semblance of her erstwhile rule from a local fort: receiving collections, hosting parliaments and issuing orders under the name of Qadr. They sought to mobilise the rebel forces and planned another round of armed struggle against the British authorities. Proclamations were issued, urging the local caps to rebel against the British institutions in an organised fashion and Qadr promised monetary reimbursement for those injured or killed in battle.

In May 1858, Qadr wrote a letter to Jung Bahadur Rana, the Prime Minister of Nepal, claiming that the British had corrupted the faiths of the Hindus and Muslims of the state, and urged him to send his troops to Awadh to fight the British. An unsympathetic Rana rejected the accusations and refused to help Qadr, instead asking him to surrender to Henry Montgomery Lawrence, the commissioner of Lucknow, and ask for pardon.

Meanwhile, as the most of the local rebels had been defeated and subjected to exemplary punishment by the British, Qadr and Begum Hazrat crossed the West Rapti River to take refuge in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Exile in Nepal

After arriving in Kathmandu, Qadr again wrote to Rana for asylum and despite his initial hesitance, he and his mother were allowed to stay at the Barf Bagh, a palace near the Thapathali Durbar.  They came a coterie of helpers and soldiers.

In a simultaneous bargain, about 40,000 rupees worth of jewels were purchased by the Rana, for a mere 15,000 rupees. Historians have since observed that the Rana provided refuge only to those rebels who paid for it, earning precious jewels in the process.

While staying in Kathmandu, Qadr became a shayar (poet) and organised mehfils in the city, the earliest of which were recorded in 1864. He wrote poems at the tarahi mushaira (recitals). Qadr's poems were recorded by Khwaja Naeemuddin Badakashi, a Kashmiri Muslim living in Kathmandu.

Personal life
While in Nepal, he married Mehtab Ara Begum, a granddaughter of Bahadur Shah Zafar. They had two sons, Khurshid Qadr and Mehar Qadr, and three daughters.

Return to India and death
In 1893, a few years after the death of his exiled father, Qadr returned to Kolkata.

He died on 14 August 1893 at Arabagh Palace. According to his grandson Koukab Qadr, Birjis's wife Mehtab Ara Begum was supposedly the lone eye-witness to a dinner, where Birjis Qadr along with his son and other confidantes were poisoned to death, by his siblings and jealous begums (high ranking females). Ara Begum, being pregnant, had not attended the dinner.

References

Bibliography

Footnotes

External links
National Informatics Centre, Lucknow - Rulers of Awadh

1845 births
People from Lucknow
History of Uttar Pradesh
Nawabs of Awadh
1893 deaths
Indian Shia Muslims
Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh
19th-century Indian monarchs
Indian royalty