Biathlon at the 1994 Winter Paralympics consisted of ten events.

Medal table

Medal summary
The competition event was:
7.5 km: men - women

The event had separate standing, sitting, or visually impaired classifications:

LW2 - standing: single leg amputation above the knee
LW3 - standing: double leg amputation below the knee, mild cerebral palsy, or equivalent impairment
LW4 - standing: single leg amputation below the knee
LW5/7 - standing: double arm amputation
LW6/8 - standing: single arm amputation
LW9 - standing: amputation or equivalent impairment of one arm and one leg
LW 10 - sitting: paraplegia with no or some upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance
LW 11 - sitting: paraplegia with fair functional sitting balance
B1 - visually impaired: no functional vision
B2 - visually impaired: up to ca 3-5% functional vision
B3 - visually impaired: under 10% functional vision

Men's events

Women's events

See also
Biathlon at the 1994 Winter Olympics

References

 Winter Sport Classification, Canadian Paralympic Committee

1994 Winter Paralympics events
1994
Paralympics
Biathlon competitions in Norway


John Aloysius Campbell (June 20, 1941 – October 19, 2008) was a timber executive who served as president of the Pacific Lumber Company in the 1990s.

Early life
Campbell was born on June 20, 1941, in Leura, New South Wales, outside of Sydney, Australia. His father was a recreational sailor who helped American ships navigate near the Great Barrier Reef, as part of assistance he provided to the United States Navy during World War II.

He obtained his early education in a one-room schoolhouse and later attended North Sydney Technical Collegeas well as Sydney Technical Institution for Wildlife Research.

Travels
Campbell won a national life-saving competition and was an experienced surfer. After service in the Australian Army, his world travels included journeys to England, where he surfed off the coast of Cornwall, and was said by his son as having introduced the sport to the area.

He traveled on to New York City, working at the Australian consulate there. He met his future wife Cynthia Carpenter in San Francisco, California, in 1966.

High-ranking executive
Campbell was hired by Ed Carpenter, one-time company president and Campbell's then father-in-law, to work the green chain sawmill. In time and through changes in administration he  worked his way up the ranks to executive vice president in charge of forest products, by 1985; he was named as the firm's president after the company was the subject of a hostile takeover by Charles Hurwitz. Campbell was named chief executive in 1993.

In order to pay off the costs associated with the $900 million purchase of the company, Pacific Lumber increased the pace of cutting on the more than  of timber it owned which included clusters of old-growth California redwoods. This more aggressive logging incurred the opposition of environmental groups, which staged protests aimed at stopping Pacific Lumber's logging efforts.

In 1999, Pacific Lumber's parent, Maxxam Inc., signed the Headwaters agreement, in which Pacific Lumber sold  to the federal government and the State of California for $480 million, and the firm agreed to stricter environmental restrictions on logging on its remaining land.

In October 2001, Pacific Lumber named Robert E. Manne as president and CEO replacing Campbell, who became chairman of the firm's board of directors.

Personal life
Campbell divorced his first wife, and was survived by his wife of 18 years, Margaret R. Campbell, whom he had married in 1991. He died of cancer on October 19, 2008, in his home in Fortuna, California.

He was elected to the Fortuna city council in 2006 and was selected by his fellow council members to serve as the city's mayor, a position he held until his death.

References

1941 births
2008 deaths
California city council members
Mayors of places in California
People from Fortuna, California
People from New South Wales
20th-century Australian businesspeople
20th-century American politicians
Australian emigrants to the United States
Australian Army soldiers


Richard Fitch Cleveland (September 21, 1929 – July 27, 2002) was an American competition swimmer, three-time Pan American Games champion, and former world record-holder in the 100 meters and 100 yard events.

Cleveland enrolled at Ohio State University, where he swam for the Ohio State Buckeyes swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition.

At the 1951 Pan American Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina, he won gold medals in the men's 3×100-meter medley relay, 4×200-meter freestyle relay, and 100-meter freestyle.  At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, he competed in the 100-meter freestyle but failed to reach the final. He retired from competitions in 1955.

See also
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
 List of Ohio State University people
 World record progression 100 metres freestyle

References

1929 births
2002 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Ohio State Buckeyes men's swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Swimmers from Honolulu
Swimmers at the 1951 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1951 Pan American Games


Uncial 0136 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 91 (Soden), is a Greek-Arabic diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. Formerly it was labelled by Θh.

Description
The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of Matthew 14:6-13; 25:9-16; 25:41-26:1, on 3 parchment leaves (33 cm by 27 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 16 lines per page, in large uncial letters.

It has breathings and accents.

The codex was taken from Sinai and now is located in the National Library of Russia (Gr. 281) in Saint Petersburg.

The manuscript 0136 was part of the same codex to which Uncial 0137 belonged. They were divided in the 19th century and catalogued under different numbers. Uncial 0137 contains Matt. 13:46-52. It is Greek-Arabic diglot. It was found by Rendel Harris at Sinai.

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 9th century.

Uncial 0137 is still located in Sinai Harris 9 in the Saint Catherine's Monastery in Mount Sinai in Egypt.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.

See also
 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading
 J. Rendel Harris, Biblical fragments from Mount Sinai (London, 1890), pp. 25, 26.
 Hermann von Soden, "Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments, in ihrer ältesten erreichbaren Textgestalt hergestellt auf Grund ihrer Textgeschichte," Verlag von Arthur Glaue, Berlin 1902, p. 89.
 Kurt Treu, Die Griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments in der UdSSR; eine systematische Auswertung des Texthandschriften in Leningrad, Moskau, Kiev, Odessa, Tbilisi und Erevan, T & U 91 (Berlin, 1966), pp. 116-117.

Greek New Testament uncials
9th-century biblical manuscripts


Frantz Vitko () was the president of the Federation of Trade Unions of Belarus (FPB) 2001–02. Vitko, who had voiced criticism against the government, was persuaded to resign, and was replaced by Leonid Kozik.

References

Belarusian trade unionists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


Cross-country skiing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics consisted of 48 events, 29 for men and 19 for women.

Medal table

Medal summary
The competition events were:
2.5 km: - women
5 km: men - women
10 km: men - women
15 km: men
20 km: men
3x2.5 km relay: men - women
4x5 km relay: men

Each event had separate standing, sitting, or visually impaired classifications:

LW2 - standing: single leg amputation above the knee
LW3 - standing: double leg amputation below the knee, mild cerebral palsy, or equivalent impairment
LW4 - standing: single leg amputation below the knee
LW5/7 - standing: double arm amputation
LW6/8 - standing: single arm amputation
LW9 - standing: amputation or equivalent impairment of one arm and one leg
LW 10 - sitting: paraplegia with no or some upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance
LW 11 - sitting: paraplegia with fair functional sitting balance
B1 - visually impaired: no functional vision
B2 - visually impaired: up to ca 3-5% functional vision
B3 - visually impaired: under 10% functional vision

Men's events

Women's events

See also
Cross-country skiing at the 1994 Winter Olympics

References

 Winter Sport Classification, Canadian Paralympic Committee
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070821111659/http://saltlake2002.paralympic.org/historical_results/cc/results_by_event/pwg94_md.html

1994 Winter Paralympics events
1994
Paralympics


Arbanon ( or ; ) was a principality in present-day Albania, ruled by the native Progoni family, and the first Albanian state to emerge in recorded history. The principality was established in 1190 by the Albanian archon Progon in the region surrounding Kruja, to the east and northeast of Venetian territories. Progon was succeeded by his sons Gjin and then Demetrius (Dhimitër), who managed to retain a considerable degree of autonomy from the Byzantine Empire. In 1204, Arbanon attained full, though temporary, political independence, taking advantage of the weakening of Constantinople following its pillage during the Fourth Crusade. However, Arbanon lost its large autonomy ca. 1216, when the ruler of Epirus, Michael I Komnenos Doukas, started an invasion northward into Albania and Macedonia, taking Kruja and ending the independence of the principality. From this year, after the death of Demetrius, the last ruler of the Progoni family, Arbanon was successively controlled by the Despotate of Epirus, then by the Bulgarian Empire and, from 1235, by the Empire of Nicaea.

During this period, the area was ruled by the Greco-Albanian lord Gregorios Kamonas, the new spouse of Demetrius' Serbian former wife Komnena Nemanjić, and by Golem (Gulam), a local magnate who had married Kamonas' and Komnena's daughter. Arbanon was eventually annexed in the winter of 1256–57 by the Byzantine statesman George Akropolites. Golem subsequently disappeared from historical records. Akropolites' historical writings are the main primary source for late Arbanon and its history.

Etymology

The principality was known as Árvanon (Ἄρβανον) in Greek, as Arbanum in Latin, and as Raban in the early 13th-century Serbian document Life of Stefan Nemanja.

The term represents the name of a south Illyrian tribe attested in Ancient Greek as Ἀλβανοί (Albanoi), later on denoting a proper name for an ethnic Albanian until it was replaced with Shqiptar in the 18th century. It is attributed directly to a Latin rendering of the tribal name Albanoi by Orel.

Versions of "Arbën" have been observed since the 2nd century BC, the History of the World written by Polybius, mentions a location named Arbona (ancient greek Ἄρβωνα, latin Arbo) in which some Illyrian troops, under Queen Teuta, scattered and fled to in order to escape the Romans. Arbona was perhaps an island in Liburnia or another location within Illyria.

In the 6th century AD, Stephanus of Byzantium, in his important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά), mentions a city in Illyria called Arbon (Ἀρβών), and gives an ethnic name for its inhabitants, in two singular number forms, i.e. Arbonios (Ἀρβώνιος) and Arbonites (Ἀρβωνίτης) pl. Ἀρβωνῖται.. He cites Polybius (as he does many other times  Polybius' own attitude to Rome has been variously interpreted, pro-Roman, … frequently cited in reference works such as Stephanus' Ethnica and the Suda. in Ethnica).

Status

Many scholars note that the Principality of Arbanon was the first Albanian state to emerge during the Middle Ages. Arbanon is generally considered to have retained large autonomy until Demetrius death in 1216, when the principality fell under the vassalage of Epirus or the Laskarids of Nicaea.

Between 1190 and 1204, Arbanon was a principality of the Byzantine Empire and possessed a considerable degree of autonomy, although the titles 'archon' (held by Progon) and 'panhypersebastos' (held by Dhimitër) are evident signs of Byzantine dependence. In the context of a weakening of Byzantine power in the region following the sack of Constantinople in 1204, Arbanon attained full autonomy for 12 years until the death of Demetrios in 1215 or 1216.

The Gëziq inscription mentions the Progoni family as judices, and notes their dependence on Vladin and Đorđe Nemanjić (r. 1208–1216), the princes of Zeta. In its last phase, Arbanon was mainly connected to the Despotate of Epirus and also maintained allied relation with the Kingdom of Serbia. In 1252, Golem submitted to the Empire of Nicaea.

Geography

In the 11th century AD, the name Arbanon (also Albanon) was applied to a region in the mountainous area to the west of Ohrid Lake and the upper valley of the river Shkumbin. In 1198, a part of the area north of the Drin was briefly controlled by Stefan Nemanjić who recounts that in that year he captured Pult from Arbanon (ot Rabna). In 1208, in the correspondence with Pope Innocent III, the territory that Demetrius Progoni claimed as princeps Arbanorum was the area between Shkodra, Prizren, Ohrid and Durrës (regionis montosae inter Scodram, Dyrrachium, Achridam et Prizrenam sitae). In general, Progoni brought the principality to its climax. The area the principality controlled at this time, ranged from the Shkumbin river valley to the Drin river valley in the north and from the Adriatic sea to the Black Drin in the east. George Akropolites, who wrote in detail about the area in its last phase positioned its then territory between Durrës and Lake Ohrid in a west to east axis and between the Shkumbin river valley and Mat river valley in a south to north axis. The fortress of Krujë was the military and administrative center of the region throughout its existence.

History

Early development

There are scarce sources about Arbanon, with the exception of the chronicles of Byzantine historian George Akropolites, whose work is the most detailed primary source for Arbanon and this period of Albanian history in general. In 1166, we know that prior Arbanensis Andrea and episcopis Arbanensis Lazarus participated in a ceremony held in Kotor, then under the Serbian Grand Principality. A year later in 1167, Pope Alexander III, in a letter directed to Lazarus, congratulates him for returning his bishopric to Catholic faith and invites him to acknowledge the archbishop of Ragusa as his superior. After some resistance from local officials, the bishopric of Arbanon was put under the direct dependence of the Pope, as documented in a Papal letter dated in 1188.

Little is known about archon Progon who was, between 1190 and 1198, the first ruler of Kruja and its surroundings. The Kruja fortress stayed in the possession of the Progoni family, and Progon was succeeded by his son Gjin, who died in 1208 (or 1207), and later by his other son Demetrius (Dhimitër).

Reign of Demetrius Progoni

Demetrius was the third and last lord of the Progoni family, ruling between 1208 (or 1207) and 1216 (or 1215). He succeeded his brother Gjin and brought the principality to its climax. Since the beginning of his rule, Dhimitër Progoni sought out to create friendly networks in foreign policy in order to preserve the sovereignty of Arbanon against external threats, the most important of whom were for much of his reign the Republic of Venice and later the Despotate of Epiros. In 1208-09, he considered conversion to Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy for the first time in order to obtain support against his Venetian rivals. As Venice had been given the nominal rights to control Albania, conversion to Catholicism would nullify Venetian claims over territory controlled by another Catholic state, the Principality of Arbanon. It would also protect him from expansion by post-Byzantine successor states like the Despotate of Epiros. In his preserved correspondence with Pope Innocent III, Progoni as leader of the iudices of Arbanon, who signed as his followers, asked the Pope to send missionaries to spread Catholicism in his land. The Pope responded that Nicolaus, the Catholic archdeacon of Durrës had been instructed to make preparations for the mission. Shortly after, however, Demetrio stopped the process because he didn't consider it important any longer. He had defeated Đorđe Nemanjić, a Venetian vassal whom he bordered to the north and thus felt less threatened by Venice.

Nemanjić had previously promised military support to Venice if Progoni attacked Venetian territory, in a treaty signed on 3 July 1208. In 1208, he also had secured a marriage with Komnena Nemanjić, who was both the daughter of Stefan Nemanjić, rival of Đorđe Nemanjić and grand-daughter of the last Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos. In this context, because of the relation of his consort to the Byzantine imperial family, Demetrius was recognized by the title of panhypersebastos. After the death of the Catholic archbishop of Durrës, the Venetians and Progoni - each in their respective territories - seized church property. For his actions against church property, he was excommunicated. He used the title princeps Arbanorum ("prince of the Albanians") to refer to himself and was recognized as such by foreign dignitaries. In the correspondence with Innocent III, the territory he claimed as princeps Arbanorum was the area between Shkodra, Prizren, Ohrid and Durrës (regionis montosae inter Scodram, Dyrrachium, Achridam et Prizrenam sitae). In general, Progoni brought the principality to its climax. The area the principality controlled, ranged from the Shkumbin river valley to the Drin river valley in the north and from the Adriatic sea to the Black Drin in the east. In Latin documents, Demetrius was is also referred to as iudex. In Byzantine records, he is titled as megas archon and after the consolidation of his rule as panhypersebastos.

In 1209, in search for allies, he also signed a treaty with the Republic of Ragusa which allowed for free passage of Ragusan merchants in Albanian territory. The following year, an agreement was concluded between the Republic of Venice and Michael I Komnenos Doukas of the Despotate of Epiros under which Doukas would become a vassal of Venice, if the republic recognized his claims up to the Shkumbin river valley, a core area of Arbanon. In 1212, Venice also allowed for the possession of the coastal duchy of Durrës to pass to Michael and abandoned its direct control of central Albania. The agreement had dire consequences for the principality, which surrounded by hostile forces, seems to have been reduced by the end of the life of Dhimitër Progoni to the area north of Shkumbin and south of Drin. Evidence for this period has been provided by the foundational inscription of the Catholic church of Gëziq in the Ndërfandë near modern Rreshen in Mirdita. The inscription is written in Latin and has been produced after Progoni's death. The inscription shows that Progoni, who had been reaccepted in the Catholic Church, had provided funds for the building of the church, which he might have planned to become the seat of the Diocese of Arbanum or a new diocese in the centre of his remaining domain. This is indicated by the fact that the new church was built on the site of an older church dedicated to St. Mary (Shën Mëri) but Progoni dedicated the new church to Shën Premte, the patron saint of Arbanum. He had maintained the semi-independence of this area under an agreement in which he accepted the high suzerainty of Zeta and the rulers of Zeta didn't get involved in internal affairs of the region in return. In the inscription which also serves as the last will of Progoni, the church is dedicated to his people (nationi obtulit) and his successor is designated, Progon - son of Gjin Progoni - as protosebastos.

Reign of Gregory Kamonas and Golem
After the death of Demetrius in 1215 or 1216, the power was left to his wife Komnena. She was soon married off to Gregory Kamonas, who himself had earlier been married to Gjin’s daughter and needed the wedding to happen to legitimize the succession of power. After he took control of Kruja, he strengthened relations with the Grand Principality of Serbia, which had weakened after a Slavic assault on Scutari.

Demetrius had no son to succeed him. Komnena had a daughter with Kamonas, who married a local magnate named Golem (Gulam). The latter continued to rule as a semi-independent ruler in Arbanon under Theodore Komnenos Doukas of the Despotate of Epiros (until 1230) and then Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria until his death in 1241. He then oscillated between Doukas and the Nicaeans until he was finally annexed by the Nicaeans in the phase of reconstitution of the Byzantine Empire in 1252–1256. During the conflicts between Michael II Komnenos Doukas of Epirus and the Emperor of Nicaea John III Doukas Vatatzes, Golem and Theodore Petraliphas, who were initially Michael's allies, eventually defected to John III in 1252. However, the initial Nicaean conquest where the Emperor Theodore II Laskaris appointed Constantine Chabaron as the ruler of the Principality, proved short-lived, for the events prompted the Rebellion of Arbanon in 1257. Golem is last mentioned in the historical records among other 'notables' of Arbanon, in a meeting with George Akropolites in Durrës that occurred in the winter of 1256–1257. Akropolites subsequently annexed the statelet and installed a Byzantine civil, military and fiscal administration.

Possessions

Arbanon extended over the modern districts of central Albania, with the capital at Kruja.

It was a small territory in the 11th and 12th centuries, stretching from rivers Devoll to Shkumbin. According to Alain Ducellier, Arbanon did not have direct access to the sea. Robert Elsie notes that the coastal cities of modern Albania did not have noticeable Albanian communities throughout the Middle Ages, whereas the coasts of Epiros further south, despite their control by Serbs and Greeks, were primarily inhabited by Albanians according to Ducellier.

The fortresses of Kruja was the seat of the state. Progon gained possession of the surroundings of the fortress which became hereditary.

Economy

Arbanon was a beneficiary of the Via Egnatia trade road, which brought wealth and benefits from the more economically developed Byzantine civilization.

Rulers
Progon (between 1190–1198)
Gjin Progoni (1198–1208)
Demetrio Progoni (ca. 1208 – ca. 1216)
Gregory Kamonas (ca. 1216 – ?)
Golem (ca. 1252 – ca. 1256)
Constantine Chabaron (ca. 1256 – ca. 1257)

See also

 Rebellion of Arbanon
 Albanian principalities
 History of Albania

References

Bibliography

Further reading

Albanian principalities
States and territories established in 1190
Provinces of the Byzantine Empire
Despotate of Epirus
1190 establishments in Europe
Former countries in the Balkans
Former monarchies


Jaime Júnior da Silva Aquino (born April 27, 1979 in Brazil), known as just Jaime Júnior, is a retired Brazilian footballer.

References

External links

Jaime Júnior at football-lineups.com

1979 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série D players
Primeira Liga players
Segunda División players
Liga I players
Clube do Remo players
Grêmio Esportivo Anápolis players
Vitória S.C. players
Rio Ave F.C. players
S.C. Braga players
U.D. Leiria players
C.F. Estrela da Amadora players
Racing de Ferrol footballers
Leixões S.C. players
CS Otopeni players
Águia de Marabá Futebol Clube players
Alecrim Futebol Clube players
Campinense Clube players
Itumbiara Esporte Clube players
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Footballers from Belém


The Judge John L. Buckley House is a house in Enterprise, Mississippi listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The house is built in the bungalow style.  Many of the bungalows built in Clarke County in the 1920s were one-story, undistinguished standardized housing.  The Buckley House is more notable than these because of its detailing, which incorporated Colonial design elements.  It is also somewhat larger, being one and a half stories tall, and it has a low-pitched roof with broad gables and a wraparound porch.  It incorporates traditional design elements into a more modern residential design, and is one of the most sophisticated bungalow designs in Clarke County.

References

Houses completed in 1920
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi
Houses in Clarke County, Mississippi
National Register of Historic Places in Clarke County, Mississippi


"Papa Can You Hear Me?" is a song by British hip hop trio, N-Dubz. The song is dedicated to the group's former manager Byron Contostavlos, who died shortly before the band were signed to new label All Around the World. The song later became their second top 40 hit in the UK.

Critical reception
David Balls, writing for Digital Spy, wrote the following review: "N-Dubz seem proud to be a band who sell as many ringtones as they do actual tracks. 'Remember that boy driving you mad every morning on the No.42? He's listening to our music,' they proclaim on their MySpace page. Whether that's a good thing probably depends on your age, but anyone would find it tough to fathom the appeal of their latest pop-garage single. Though it feels a bit harsh to knock 'Papa Can You Hear Me', which is dedicated to the band's late relative and former manager Byron Contostavlos, N-Dubz push any goodwill to the limit here. The mix of uber-serious rapping and abrasive beats is fundamentally awkward, while their lyrics are as crass as they are heartfelt. By showing their softer side, the Camden collective are probably hoping to win some new fans, but they should probably stick to making hip-hop bangers in the futureside."

Music video
The music video was premiered by the All Around the World label on their website on 13 October 2008 and has since received over 14 million views on YouTube. It includes Dappy holding onto a door knob after falling through singing in the air, Fazer running away and Tulisa floating in mid-air.

Track listing
 Digital Download
 "Papa Can You Hear Me?" (Album Version) - 4:02
 "Papa Can You Hear Me?" (Single Version) - 4:07
 "Papa Can You Hear Me?" (The Studio Allstars V Festival Tribute To N-Dubz) - 4:09
 "Papa Can You Hear Me?" (Live From BBC Radio Live Lounge) - 4:33

 CD Single
 "Papa Can You Hear Me?" (Album Version) - 4:02

Charts
On 23 November 2008, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at #30 on downloads alone. It became their second biggest hit peaking at #19, and at number #17 in the download chart. Following the single's success, it started falling down the Top 40, before climbing to #33 again, and finally falling to #47, where it stayed for 2 weeks. The song also peaked at #3 on the official R&B chart.

References

N-Dubz songs
2008 singles
Songs written by Tulisa (singer)
Songs written by Richard Rawson
Songs written by Dappy
2008 songs
All Around the World Productions singles
Songs inspired by deaths
Commemoration songs


Menon (, fl 431 BC) commanded a faction of Pharsalians who were among the Thessalians who came to the assistance of the Athenians when they were being attacked by the Peloponnesian army in the first year of the Peloponnesian War, 431 BC.  At the time, he led a cavalry that was involved in a skirmish at Phrygia.  He may be the son or grandson of Menon I of Pharsalus, and he may be the grandfather of Menon III of Pharsalus (who appears in Plato's Meno), via his son Alexidemus.

References

Bibliography
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, Bk II, line 22
Roland Grubb Kent, A History of Thessaly: From the Earliest Historical Times to the Ascension of Philip V. of Macedon, 1904, ch V, pp 20–21
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Ed. William Smith, 1876, Vol 2 pp 1043–1044

External links
Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, Book II, Jowett trans.

Ancient Thessalian generals
5th-century BC Greek people
People of the Peloponnesian War
People from Farsala


This is a list of episodes from the 1970s US series Starsky & Hutch.

Series overview

Episodes

Pilot movie

Season 1 (1975–76)

Season 2 (1976–77)

Season 3 (1977–78)

Season 4 (1978–79)

References

External links

Encyclopedia of Television

Lists of American crime drama television series episodes
Lists of American action television series episodes
Episodes


Ice sledge hockey at the 1994 Winter Paralympics consisted of a mixed event.

Although it was a mixed event, the only female athlete was the Norwegian Britt Mjaasund Øyen.

Medal summary

Preliminary round

Bronze medal game

Gold medal game

References

External links
 Lillehammer 1994 – Para Ice Hockey – Mixed Tournament

1994 Winter Paralympics events
1994
Paralympics


RW Cephei is a K-type hypergiant variable star in the constellation Cepheus, at the edge of the Sharpless 132 H II region and close to the small open cluster Berkeley 94. It is among the largest stars known with a radius of almost 1,000 times that of the Sun (), nearly as large as the orbit of Jupiter.

The temperature intermediate between the red supergiants and yellow hypergiants has led to it being variously considered as a red hypergiant or yellow hypergiant.

Observational history
The first documented sighting of RW Cephei dates back to 1746 when it was included in a star catalog compiled by James Bradley. It has been described as a red star since at least the 1840s, when Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander noted it as "very red" in his catalog. RW Cephei was independently discovered to be variable by Thomas William Backhouse and Henrietta Swan Leavitt in 1899 and 1907 respectively, but has been suspected to be variable by Angelo Secchi since at least 1868. The star was designated RW in 1908, being the fifteenth discovered variable in Cepheus. Analysis of spectra in 1942 revealed RW Cephei to be a highly luminous hypergiant star, appearing more luminous than Mu Cephei. More detailed spectral studies in 1956 and 1972 revealed unique spectral features, setting it apart from the other known hypergiants. Since then, the star has been studied infrequently over the decades. In late 2022, RW Cephei was announced to be undergoing a great dimming event, and it was subsequently observed by the CHARA array in December.

Distance
The distance to RW Cephei has been estimated on the basis of its spectroscopic luminosity and it is assumed to be a member of the Cepheus OB1 association, placing it within the Perseus Arm of the Milky Way.  The Gaia Data Release 2 and Gaia Early Data Release 3 parallaxes lead to distance estimates of  and  respectively.  Cepheus OB1 is generally considered to be at about .  The open cluster Berkeley 94, of which RW Cephei may be a member, is thought to be at a distance of .  The star and cluster are part of the larger star-forming region Sh 2-132.

Variability

The magnitude range of RW Cephei was given as 8.2–8.8 using photographic plates in the initial report, while later studies found the photographic range to be from 8.6–10.7, noting that maxima and minima cannot be derived with any certainty. Other authors estimate an amplitude of only around 0.5 magnitudes. Modern estimates put the range of variability from 6.0 to 7.6 in the V-band.

RW Cephei has been classified as a semi-regular variable star of type SRd, meaning that it is a slowly varying yellow giant or supergiant. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars cites a 1952 study giving a period of approximately 346 days, while other studies suggest different periods and certainly no strong periodicity.

Great dimming
In December of 2022, the star was reported by two astronomers to be going through a "great dimming", reaching a fainter than usual magnitude of 7.6. It was speculated to be caused by short periods of enhanced mass loss leading to the condensation of dust that partially obscures the stellar photosphere. This was later confirmed by observations with the CHARA array, revealing a dark patch on the western side of the star suggested to be a dust cloud released in a recent surface mass ejection. The event is compared to the great dimming of Betelgeuse that happened in late 2019 and the dimming events seen in the historical light curve of VY Canis Majoris.

Spectra taken by an amateur astronomer show the appearance of several new emission lines during the dimming, most notably H-α and the K I lines at 766.5 and 769.9 nm. The H-α line is blueshifted by ~40 km/s relative to the star, suggesting the source of the emission is expanding outwards.

Previous observations using photographic plates taken between 1948 and 1951 reveal a similar dimming from magnitude 9.16 down to 9.5, followed by a rapid re-brightening to magnitude 8.9.

Spectrum
RW Cephei displays many complex lines in its spectrum, many of which are stronger and more broad than usual. An initial study in 1956 focusing on the blue spectral region found many metal absorption lines with two components separated by a central maximum, attributed to emission superposed on an absorption line widened due to turbulence. The shortward absorption components were found to be significantly stronger than the longward components, caused by an outward moving shell of gas. A follow-up study in 1972 focusing on redder spectral regions found unusually strong Na D lines too intense to be caused by the interstellar medium. The Fe I line was found to be 30% stronger than in normal K-type supergiants, while the Ti I and V I lines were of the same strength or weaker. With these peculiar spectral features, the star finds no counterpart among the known hypergiants, with only Rho Cassiopeiae displaying remotely similar features.

The spectrum has been classified as early as G8 and as late as M2, but it isn't clear that there has been actual variation. In the first MK spectral atlas, it was listed M0:Ia. RW Cephei was later listed as the standard star for spectral type G8 Ia, then as the standard for K0 0-Ia. Based on the same spectra it was adjusted to the standard star for type K2 0-Ia. Molecular bands characteristic of M-class stars are seen in infrared spectra, but not always in optical spectra.

Physical properties
The temperature of RW Cephei is uncertain, with contradictory excitation strengths in the spectrum. A simple color correlation temperature fit gives temperatures around 3,749 K, while a full spectrum fit gives a temperature of 5,018 K. Another fit using J-band spectral data and MARCS stellar models gives a temperature of  K. This fit also results in a metallicity of [Fe/H] = , indicating the star is slightly metal-rich relative to the Sun. A newer study finds a temperature of 4,400 K consistent with its spectral type. Based on the CO line strength at 2.29 μm it is indicated that RW Cephei dropped in temperature from 4,200 K to 3,900 K during the dimming.

Luminosities have been derived on the basis of a membership to Cepheus OB1, with studies finding exceptionally high luminosities of , or . A more recent study finds a somewhat lower luminosity of  using the spectral energy distribution of a DUSTY model fit.

Imaging of RW Cephei by the CHARA array reveals the star to be box-like in shape. Images obtained using the SURFING algorithm result in a limb-darkened angular diameter of 2.45 mas, corresponding to a linear radius of  depending on the adopted distance.

Surroundings

The star shows evidence for a significant amount of circumstellar material in its spectrum. The IRAS low resolution spectrum shows signatures of optically thick silicate emission at 10 and 18 μm, an indication for high amounts of mass loss. Emission in the first-overtone SiO bands was suspected in 1982, and later confirmed using higher resolution spectra showing clear signs of emission at 4.0, 4.04 and 4.08 μm. Direct imaging in mid-infrared bands reveals the source to be extended, having an azimuthally symmetric structure similar to IRC +10420. The radius of this emission has been estimated to be ~0.3–0.4 arcseconds at 11.9 μm, corresponding to a physical radius of ~1,000–1,400 au at a distance of 3.4 kpc.

Mass loss
The current mass loss rate of RW Cephei has been determined to be ~/yr using a DUSTY model fit. A previous study estimated /yr using silicate line strengths and adopting a distance of 2.8 kpc. Analysis of the surrounding mid-infrared emission indicates that RW Cephei ended a period of enhanced mass loss ~95–140 years ago, suggesting that it has left the red supergiant phase and is currently evolving towards hotter temperatures. The current mass loss phase appears to be dominated by several mass ejections, including the observed "great dimming".

Notes

References

K-type hypergiants
Cephei, RW
Cepheus (constellation)
212466
BD+55 2737
110504
Semiregular variable stars
G-type hypergiants
M-type hypergiants


Pedro Miguel Barbosa Queirós (born 8 August 1984) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for F.C. Tirsense as a right back.

Club career
Born in Santo Tirso, Porto District, Queirós played lower league or amateur football until the age of 24, when he signed for Romanian club AF Gloria Bistrița in summer 2008. He returned to his country in the following transfer window, joining F.C. Paços de Ferreira but being rarely played during his spell, which also included a loan to U.D. Oliveirense from the Segunda Liga.

Queirós returned to the Primeira Liga in the 2011–12 season, being first choice for C.D. Feirense but suffering relegation as second from last. He scored his first and only goal in the competition on 29 April 2012, in a 4–0 away win against U.D. Leiria who only fielded eight players in protest of their economic situation.

Queirós was also a starter in the next three top-flight campaigns, with Vitória de Setúbal where he was also team captain. In July 2015 the 30-year-old returned to Romania and its Liga I, signing with FC Astra Giurgiu and winning his first major trophy in his only season.

Queirós alternated between the Portuguese top division and the second tier in the following three years, with G.D. Chaves and G.D. Estoril Praia. On 10 July 2019 he returned to former side Tirsense, who now competed in the Porto regional leagues.

Honours
Astra Giurgiu
Liga I: 2015–16

References

External links

Football-Lineups profile

1984 births
Living people
People from Santo Tirso
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
F.C. Tirsense players
S.C. Braga B players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
U.D. Oliveirense players
C.D. Feirense players
Vitória F.C. players
G.D. Chaves players
G.D. Estoril Praia players
Liga I players
ACF Gloria Bistrița players
FC Astra Giurgiu players
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Footballers from Porto District


Saint Thomas Health (STH) is an integrated health delivery system based in Nashville, Tennessee. The name was shortened from Saint Thomas Health Services in 2011, and changed to Ascension Saint Thomas in 2020.

Saint Thomas Health is a member of Ascension Health, a Roman Catholic organization that is the largest not-for-profit health system in the United States. STH is composed of nine hospitals: three in Nashville, another major one in  Murfreesboro, and smaller ones in  Centerville, McMinnville, Smithville, Woodbury and Sparta, as well as multiple physician practices and outpatient centers.

The Ascension Saint Thomas CEO is Tim Adams, who is also the President of the regional system Ascension Tennessee.

Saint Thomas Health and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center  have established a partnership for training medical residents in a variety of specialties.

Hospitals

Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital West
Formerly known as Saint Thomas Hospital.

Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital Midtown
Formerly known as Baptist Hospital.

Ascension Saint Thomas Hospital - Rutherford

Saint Thomas Hickman Hospital
Saint Thomas Hickman Hospital is located in Centerville, Tennessee

Saint Thomas River Park Hospital
Saint Thomas River Park Hospital is located in McMinnville, Tennessee

Saint Thomas Dekalb Hospital
Saint Thomas Dekalb Hospital is located in Smithville, Tennessee

Saint Thomas Stones River Hospital
Saint Thomas Stones River Hospital is located in Woodbury, Tennessee

Saint Thomas Highlands Hospital
Saint Thomas Highlands Hospital is located in Sparta, Tennessee.

Hospital for Specialty Surgery
The Hospital for Specialty Surgery is located in Nashville, Tennessee

Special Centers

Saint Thomas Heart
Saint Thomas Heart is a collaborative effort among the Sanit Thomas Health family, providing complete cardiac services from more than 20 locations.

In 2008, Saint Thomas Heart was ranked #1 in Tennessee for Coronary Interventional Procedures by HealthGrades. Its hospitals received five-star ratings for the treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation, coronary interventional procedures and coronary services, and it was ranked among the top 5% in the nation for coronary interventions and the top 10% in the nation for cardiology services.

Chest Pain Network
The Saint Thomas Chest Pain Network is a division of Saint Thomas Health that coordinates with local emergency medical services (EMS) and hospitals to provide cardiac care services. It includes 15 hospitals in Tennessee and Kentucky, all accredited by the Society of Chest Pain Centers. The network includes different size facilities to provide initial treatment closest to the patient's home, and allow transfer into a specialized facility if additional care is required. In July 2008, the network expanded into Southern Kentucky when Monroe County Hospital in Tompkinsville was added.

Neurosciences Institute
The Saint Thomas Health Neurosciences Institute contains comprehensive brain, back, nervous system and spine centers. In 2008, independent health care rating company HealthGrades gave Saint Thomas a five-star rating for back and neck surgery.

The Saint Thomas Brain & Spine Tumor Center is a collaboration between the Neurosciences Institute and the Dan Rudy Cancer Center.

Bariatric Weight Loss Surgery Program
The Saint Thomas Health Bariatric Weight Loss Surgery Program provides a variety of weight loss procedures.

Orthopedics
STH provides a number of orthopedic services through its family of hospitals. In.  In 2008, the program was ranked in the top 5% in the nation for spine surgery by HealthGrades. Saint Thomas Orthopedics also received five-star ratings for overall orthopedic services, spine surgery, joint replacement, total knee replacement, back and neck surgery, and spinal fusion.  2015, the joint replacement services at Saint Thomas Health were consolidated into the Saint Thomas Joint Replacement Institute. It was rated among the top 10 in Tennessee by HealthGrades for Joint Replacement.

Sports Medicine

Saint Thomas Outpatient Rehabilitation is a specialized extension of its orthopedic program,  combines services including general orthopedics, physical therapy, aquatic therapy, athletic medicine and occupational therapy. The service is the exclusive health care provider to the Tennessee Titans, Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association and Lipscomb University.

Saint Thomas Outpatient Rehabilitation clinics are found throughout Middle Tennessee, with locations in downtown Nashville, Antioch, Bellevue, Brentwood, Centerville, Green Hills, Murfreesboro, Pleasant View, Rivergate and Spring Hill, as well as at Lipscomb University in the Green Hills neighborhood of Nashville

Life Therapies
The Life Therapies clinics offer specialized rehabilitation therapy services in a relaxed, non-hospital atmosphere. This includes treatment of lymphedema, and neurological, post-stroke, vestibular, pediatric, oncology and women's health issues. The staff consists of licensed physical, occupational and speech therapists.

Until January 2009, the Life Therapies services were provided under the umbrella of Baptist Sports Medicine. It was determined that creating the new Life Therapies service line, would allow therapists and physicians to better treat patients who did not require traditional sports medicine.

The six clinics are found throughout Middle Tennessee, including locations at Baptist Medical Plaza I in downtown Nashville, Green Hills, Maryland Farms YMCA in Brentwood, Spring Hill and two locations in Murfreesboro.

Women's health
STH's hospitals partner together to provide women's health services that range from gynecology and breast health to pelvic health and birthing services. The Center for Pelvic Health is a specialized service line of Saint Thomas Health Services that focuses on treating pelvic health and urogynecological conditions in women, including urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, sexual dysfunction and pelvic floor disorders. Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital is also home to a level III neonatal intensive care unit.

Cancer program
STH's Cancer Program provides treatment and prevention services.

As part of its treatment, the Saint Thomas Health Cancer Program partners with other institutions, including Cleveland Clinic and Tennessee Oncology, to partake in community-based clinical trials in oncology and related therapies.

Sponsorships
STH is the exclusive provider of medical services to the Tennessee Titans.

MissionPoint
In 2012 Saint Thomas Health started an Accountable care organization called MissionPoint Health Partners. MissionPoint is a participant in the Medicare Shared Savings Program, and currently has more than 1400 participating physicians in its network.

References

External links
Saint Thomas Health

Organizations based in Nashville, Tennessee
Healthcare in Tennessee


William Wilder Heusner, Jr. (June 28, 1927 – August 9, 2002) was an American competition swimmer and Pan American Games champion.

Heusner represented the United States at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England.  He competed in the preliminary heats of the men's 400-meter freestyle and finished eighth in the final of the men's 1,500-meter freestyle.

At the 1951 Pan American Games, Heusner won the silver medal in the men's 400-meter freestyle. He was also a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. team in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay event, alongside relay teammates Dick Cleveland, Burwell Jones, and Ronald Gora.

See also
 List of Northwestern University alumni

References

1927 births
2002 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
Evanston Township High School alumni
Northwestern Wildcats men's swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers from Chicago
Swimmers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1951 Pan American Games
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1951 Pan American Games
20th-century American people
21st-century American people


Ice sledge speed racing at the 1994 Winter Paralympics consisted of eight events, four for men and four for women.

Atletes from seven countries (Norway, Austria, Canada, Estonia, Iceland, Japan and the Netherlands) took part and Norway pulled off an almost complete clean sweep of the medals, winning all eight gold medals, all eight silver, and seven of the eight bronze - with the sole other going to Austria.

Medal table

Medal summary

Men's events

Women's events

References

1994 Winter Paralympics events
1994


Pangea3 is a legal outsourcing services provider with headquarters in New York City, Noida, Bangalore and Mumbai, India.  Pangea3 provides legal services and intellectual property services to in-house counsel in U.S., European and Japanese corporations and attorneys in international law firms.   Pangea3 has been recognized as a leading legal outsourcing services company repeatedly since 2007,  was voted best LPO in the New York Law Journal Reader Rankings from 2011 through 2013 and awarded LPO of the Year by India Business Law Journal from 2009 through 2013.

Pangea3 was founded in 2004 by former Monster.com General Counsel, David Perla, and former OfficeTiger CFO and General Counsel, Sanjay Kamlani. Pangea3's legal outsourcing services are managed and run primarily by U.S., U.K. and Indian attorneys. Pangea3 provides its legal outsourcing services from its India based offices and their Dallas, TX office.

In 2005, Pangea3 opened its first office in Mumbai with 35 employees. It has since grown to 1,000 U.S., U.K. and Indian attorneys, engineers, scientists and professionals providing global legal outsourcing services in seven offices across the United States and India. In 2006, Pangea3 received $4 million in Series B funding from the venture capital firm The GlenRock Group. A year later, it closed a $7 million Series C round of funding with venture capital firm Sequoia Capital India.

In early 2008, Pangea3 opened a facility at Andheri, in Mumbai, India. Created primarily to house its expanded legal services departments, the facility expanded Pangea3's capacity to 475 worldwide. In 2010, they became part of Thomson Reuters, a provider of information to legal and business professionals. On June 1, 2019, Pangea3 was acquired by Ernst & Young.

In February 2020, Ernst & Young laid off many of the US-based Pangea3 attorneys who had been hired by Ernst & Young as part of the acquisition from Thomson Reuters.

Strategic Alliances
In 2008, Pangea3 announced that it is a member of the General Counsel Roundtable's Preferred Vendor Pricing Program.   Pangea3 is the first and only legal outsourcing services provider participating in this program. The General Counsel Roundtable's Preferred Vendor Pricing Program gives its members exclusive discounts on legal services from leading legal services providers.  Other participating legal services companies include Serengeti, Lumen Legal   and Black Letter Discovery.

On N

November 19, 2010, Pangea3 has been acquired by the financial news and business information provider, Thomson Reuters. The total deal was valued at $100 million.  On June 1, 2019, Pangea3 was acquired by Ernst & Young.

See also
Legal outsourcing
Intellectual Property
Patent
Outsource
Business process outsourcing in India
Outsourcing
Offshoring
Patent Attorney

References

Companies based in Mumbai
Outsourcing companies
Companies established in 2005
2005 establishments in Maharashtra
Indian companies established in 2005


Schreuder is a Dutch occupational surname. Schreuder, from early Middle Dutch scrodere, is an archaic term for either a taylor  or a porter (dock-worker, barrow-man). People with this surname include:

Alfred Schreuder (born 1972), Dutch footballer
Dick Schreuder (born 1971), Dutch footballer
Frances Schreuder (1938–2004), American murderer
Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder (1817–1882), Norwegian missionary
Hein Schreuder (1951–2023), Dutch economist and strategist
Hinkelien Schreuder (born 1984), Dutch swimmer
Jan Schreuder (1704–1764), Dutch governor of Ceylon
Louis Schreuder (born 1990), South African rugby player
Morné Schreuder (born 1979), Namibian rugby player
Pieter Meindert Schreuder (1912–1945), Dutch World War II resistance leader

Dutch-language surnames


Herman Puig (born German Puig Paredes; 25 February 1928 in Sagua La Grande – 25 January 2021 in Barcelona) was the founder of the first Cinemateca de Cuba and pioneer of male nude photography. Born in Havana, Cuba, where he began his early work, his ascendance comes from Catalonia. He rose to fame in France.

Biography

Early years
He studied painting and sculpture in Cuba and filmed his first short "Sarna" before leaving for Paris at the age of 20 where he studied Audio Visual Techniques. In 1950 he worked for Henri Langlois director and co-founder of the Cinémathèque Française. This association lead to the foundation of the original Cinemateca de Cuba, officialised as an institution in 1948, and founded by Herman Puig and Ricardo Vigón, which would later be reborn in 1961 with the initiative of Alfredo Guevara and the then newly formed ICAIC as today's Cuba Cinemateca.

Puig, along with a group that included Carlos Franqui, the future ICAIC cameraman Ramón F. Suárez, and the writers Edmundo Desnoes and Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Tres tristes tigres) made a number of short films. Herman Puig, together with Carlos Franqui, made a short film (Carta de una madre, Letter to a mother). Puig and Edmundo Desnoes also made a short, Sarna (1952), which was produced and edited by cinematographer Ramón F. Suárez.

Cinema to Male Nude Photography
In October 1950 Herman Puig travelled to Paris where he met with Henri Langlois, the director of the Cinémathèque Française. Their first encounter was brief but decisive as Henri Langlois agreed to supply him with French films for their Cinema Club of Havana (the early Cinemateca de Cuba) but on the condition that their small Cinema Club became an official institution as the Cinémathèque Française could only legally exchange films with a similar institution. Unforeseen political elements resulted in the closure of the Cinemateca a few months later and it would not open again until 1961, but Herman's love affair with France was cemented, along with his place in Cuban Cinema history.

From the 60s to the 70s Puig worked in advertising as a photographer and publicity filmmaker in Spain. It was in Madrid that he first started experimenting with male nudes but was arrested in an alleged drugs affair and charged as a pornographer under the climate of the socialist government. It was at this point that he moved to Paris in an attempt to prove to Spain and the world that he was not a pornographer but an artist and was accepted with almost universal acclaim. A little later he moved to Barcelona where he remains to this day.

Modern Herman
Herman Puig was made the subject of a film by David Boisseaux-Chical about his cultural exile from Cuba. In the film he continues to affirm his dislike at being associated with the worlds of pornography and homosexuality, simply for wanting to photograph male bodies as art instead of that of women. Puig recently spoke out along in his conference with author Zoé Valdés in Palma de Mallorca about beauty and art and the restrictions placed upon expression in Cuba.

The Hidden Cinemateca
Puig often stated that he was the original founder of the Cinemateca de Cuba, stating that the ICAIC, with the goal of making the myth live that the history of Cuban cinema began with the creation of the ICAIC in 1959, has hidden the truth from sight. The attempted suppression of his involvement, along with that of Ricardo Vigón, from history for political means has aided in sheltering Herman from the Cuban community as he frequently refuses to exhibit his work in Cuba in fear of his being mistaken as a sympathizer with the Communist regime. El Ateneo de Madrid officially acknowledged them as the founders of the Cinemateca de Cuba with a tribute to German Puig in October 2009.

Death
Herman Puig died on 25 January 2021, one month short from his 93rd birthday.

References

Notes

External links
 Juan Cruz "Herman Puig fotografía el desnudo masculino", June 13, 1979, elPais (Spanish)
 Herman speaks out in Majorca with Zoe Valdes , April 2008, DiarioDeMallorca (Spanish)

1928 births
2021 deaths
Cuban expatriates in France
Cuban male painters
Cuban photographers


Stanley W. "Rabbit" Benton (September 29, 1901 – June 7, 1984) was an American second baseman whose career lasted 16 seasons and almost 2,000 games—but only six games in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the  Philadelphia Phillies. He batted and threw right-handed, stood  tall and weighed .

Benton's minor league career lasted from 1919 through 1934, largely in the Texas League. In the majors, he had four hits in 19 at bats in his six career games, with one double and three runs batted in.

He died in Mesquite, Texas, at age 82.

External links

1901 births
1984 deaths
Baseball players from Kentucky
Beaumont Exporters players
Charleston Pals players
Charleston Senators players
Evansville Evas players
Knoxville Smokies players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Memphis Chickasaws players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Mobile Marines players
People from Morgan County, Kentucky
Philadelphia Phillies players
Portland Beavers players
Shreveport Sports players
Spartanburg Pioneers players
Tyler Sports players
Wichita Falls Spudders players
Williamsport Billies players


Ragnvald Sigurdsson (c. 750 – after 814) was a semi-legendary lord of Huseby, in Lista (modern Norway).

He is best known for the marriage of his daughter, Gunnhild Ragnvaldsdatter, to Harald Granraude, king of Agder. Ragnvald also had a son, Olve Ragnvaldsson.

Ragnvald is not mentioned in accounts of events after 814, when Harald Granraude was killed by Gudrød the Hunter.

Haraldr Hárfagri ("Harald Fair-hair"; c. 850 – c. 932), who has usually been regarded as the first King of Norway, was a great-great-grandson of Ragnvald Sigurdsson, a great-grandson of Harald Granraude and a grandson of Gudrød the Hunter.

See also
Heimskringla

750s births
Year of death unknown
People from Vest-Agder


PGA National Resort is a resort in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. It has five championship 18-hole golf courses, the most famous of which is "The Champion", which has hosted the 1983 Ryder Cup, the 1987 PGA Championship, the Senior PGA Championship for 19 consecutive years from 1982 to 2000, and the PGA Tour's Honda Classic since 2007.

It has been home to the Professional Golfers' Association of America since the resort's establishment, but the PGA has announced that it will move to new headquarters in Texas in summer 2022.

The resort also includes 339 hotel rooms, nine restaurants and lounges, a 34,000-square-foot conference wing, a 40,000-square-foot spa, 33,000-square-foot health and racquet club with 19 tennis courts, a golf academy, and a members club. It was sold by the developer, E. Llwyd Ecclestone Jr., to Walton Street Capital in 2006 for $170 million, before being sold again in 2018, to Brookfield Asset Management for $218m.

Courses
 The Champion - The Champion course opened in 1981 on November 17. It was the site of the Ryder Cup in 1983, the PGA Championship in 1987 (won by Larry Nelson), and the Senior PGA Championship for 19 years, from 1982 to 2000. The course underwent a $4 million renovation in December 2002 and became the home of The Honda Classic on the PGA Tour in 2007.  The tough three hole stretch of the par-3 15th, par-4 16th, and par-3 17th holes is known as "The Bear Trap," named after Jack Nicklaus, who is nicknamed the Golden Bear and redesigned the course. The course was host to the 2018 Governor Cup for the first time in its history.
 The Fazio - Originally the Haig Course, named for golfing great Walter Hagen.  It was the first course opened for play at PGA National Resort, on March 4, 1980, then was renovated and renamed The Fazio upon opening in November, 2012.
 The Palmer - The Palmer, named for golf legend and course designer Arnold Palmer, was the last of the original four courses built at PGA National, opening on February 28, 1984. The Palmer was previously named “The General”.
 The Estates - The Estates originally opened in November 1984 as Stonewall Golf Club, and has been part of PGA National since August 28, 1988.
 The Match - Borne from the old Squire Course, the Match Course opened for play in the fall of 2021 and was designed with match play in mind.  It delivers a unique golf experience sure to appeal to purists, players and beginners alike.
 The Staple - With holes ranging from 60 to 130 yards, this 9-hole course is perfect for experimenting with a variety of shots and is fun for players of all abilities.

Earlier clubs

BallenIsles
The original PGA National Golf Club (1964–1973) in Palm Beach Gardens was nearby to the east, and is now the BallenIsles Country Club. The Champions Course (now the East Course at BallenIsles) hosted the PGA Championship in 1971, won by Nicklaus in late February. It also was the site of eight consecutive Senior PGA Championships (1966–1973), and the original qualifying school tournaments for the PGA Tour.

Dunedin
An earlier PGA National Golf Club (1944–1962) was on the western side of the state at Dunedin, northwest of Tampa. Designed by noted architect Donald Ross  it opened  in 1927 as a municipal course. Acquired by the PGA of America in 1944, the course was renamed and hosted the  for eighteen consecutive years (1945–1962). The PGA of America moved its national offices from Chicago to Dunedin in 1956, then sold its holdings in the course back to the city in 1962 and relocated to eastern Florida in 1965 at Palm Beach Gardens. Now the Dunedin Golf Club, the course was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Scorecard

References

Golf clubs and courses in Florida
Sports venues in Palm Beach County, Florida
Ryder Cup venues
Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
1980 establishments in Florida


The 73rd Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Dallas Kephart since 2023.

District profile
The 73rd District is located in Cambria County and Clearfield County and includes the following areas:

Cambria County

 Barr Township
Carrolltown
East Carroll
Elder Township
 Hastings
 Northern Cambria
Patton
Susquehanna Township
 West Carroll Township

Clearfield County

Beccaria Township
 Bigler Township
Boggs Township
Bradford Township
 Brisbin
 Burnside
 Burnside Township
 Chester Hill
Chest Township
 Clearfield
 Coalport
 Cooper Township
Covington Township
 Decatur Township
Girard Township
Goshen Township
 Glen Hope
Graham Township
 Gulich Township
 Houtzdale
 Irvona
 Jordan Township
Karthaus Township
 Knox Township
 Lawrence Township
 Morris Township
 Osceola Mills
 Pike Township
 Ramey
 Wallaceton
 Westover
 Woodward Township

Representatives

References

Government of Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Government of Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
73


Nicholas John Higham,  (born 1951) is a British archaeologist, historian, and academic. He was Professor of Early Medieval and Landscape History at the University of Manchester, and is now an emeritus professor.

Higham was trained as an archaeologist at Manchester, receiving his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in 1977. He taught at Manchester from 1977 to 2011.

Honours and prizes

 Elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA) on 11 November 1989

Bibliography

 with Barri Jones, The Carvetti, Sutton (Gloucester, England), 1985, new edition, 1991.
 The Northern Counties to AD 1000, Regional History of England, Longman, (New York, NY), 1986.
 Rome, Britain, and the Anglo-Saxons, Seaby (London, England), 1992.
 The Kingdom of Northumbria: AD 350-1100, Sutton (Gloucester, England), 1993.
 The Origins of Cheshire, Manchester University Press (Manchester, England), 1993.
 An English Empire: Bede and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings, Manchester University Press (Manchester, England), 1995.
 The English Conquest: Gildas and Britain in the Fifth Century, Manchester University Press (Manchester, England), 1994. (review by Christopher A. Snyder)
 The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England, Manchester University Press (Manchester, England), 1997.
 The Death of Anglo-Saxon England, Sutton (Gloucester, England), 1997.
 The Norman Conquest, Sutton (Gloucester, England), 1998.
 King Arthur: Myth-making and History, Routledge (New York, NY), 2002.
 A Frontier Landscape, 2004
 King Arthur: The Making of the Legend, 2018

References

External links
 Staff of the Manchester School of Arts, Languages and Cultures

British medievalists
Living people
Academics of the University of Manchester
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Historians of the British Isles
1951 births
Anglo-Saxon studies scholars
Landscape historians


The Monastery of Euthymius started as a lavra-type monastic settlement in the Judaean desert, founded by Saint Euthymius the Great (377–473) in 420, known as the Laura or Lavra of Euthymius. After its final abandonment in the 13th century, it was repurposed as a caravanserai and became known as Khan el-Ahmar, the Red Caravanserai, khan being an originally Persian word for inn or caravanserai. Its ruins still stand a short distance south of today's main Jerusalem-Jericho highway in the West Bank.

It should not be confused with the nearby Khan al-Hatruri, better known to visitors as the Good Samaritan Inn, which sometimes also used to be called Khan al-Ahmar.

Monastery

Lavra of St Euthymius (428-473)
The church was consecrated by Juvenal, Bishop of Jerusalem on 7 May 428. The lavra, a cluster of cells for hermits around a church, was located in Adummim on the road from Jericho to Jerusalem and was based on the layout of the Pharan lavra, with small cells. The vita of the founder, also known as Euthymius of Lesser Armenia, mentions him living his first years as a monk in the Holy Land (406–11) at Pharan.

Byzantine cenobium after Euthymius
Following the death of Euthymius on 20 January 473 the church was converted to a refectory and a new church and cenobium were built above it. The cenobium was the area that novitiate monks would receive training prior to admittance to a lavra of the Sabaite tradition. The new church was consecrated by Martyrius, Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 482 and the site thereafter became known as the Monastery of St. Euthymius.

Early Muslim period
The lavra, ruined by an earthquake in 660, was rebuilt in a similar manner. Ancient testimonies speak of a Bedouin attack on the monastery in 796/97 as part of a series of such attacks against monasteries in Jerusalem and the Judean desert at the end of the 8th and beginning of the 9th century, but archaeology in general tends to paint a picture of peaceful abandonment, rather than destruction brought about by man or nature.

Crusader period
In 1106 Abbot Daniel noted: "To the east of the laura of St. Saba, only behind the mountain, is the Monastery of St. Euthymius, three versts away, and there lies St. Euthymius, and many other holy fathers lie there, and their bodies are as those of living people. There is a little monastery on a level place, and about it are rocky mountains some distance off. The monastery was established with a surrounding wall and the church was elevated. And there is quite close to it the Monastery of St. Theoctistus, under the mountain only half a day's walk from the Monastery of Euthymius, and all this has been destroyed now by pagans".

The monastic complex went through a massive restoration and construction phase in the 12th century during the Crusader period, but was finally abandoned in the next century.

Significance of the laura
The laura of Euthymius was essential in the advancement and organisation of the Sabaite (desert monastic) movement, and, as the only dyophysite monastery in the Judaean desert at the time of the Council of Chalcedon (451), was central to the development of Chalcedonian orthodoxy within Palestinian monasticism, in what was at first an almost completely anti-Chalcedonian, miaphysite Palestine.

Caravanserai (Khan al-Ahmar)

Mamluk period
After the abandonment of the monastery in the 13th century, during the Mamluk period, the structures were converted during the same century into a travellers' inn, known as Khan al-Ahmar, the "Red Khan", a caravanserai for Muslim pilgrims on the route between Jerusalem and Mecca via Nabi Musa. It should not be confused with nearby Khan al-Hatruri (aka Inn of the Good Samaritan), sometimes referred to as Khan al-Ahmar as well.

Ottoman period
The Rev. Haskett Smith guided European groups in Palestine in the late nineteenth century and edited the 1892 Murray's Handbooks for Travellers to Syria and Palestine. He recorded a visit to Khan al-Ahmar with a tour group journeying from Jerusalem to Jericho in his 1906 travelogue Patrollers of Palestine:

The entrance was through a wide archway in the side nearest to the road, and this archway opened into a covered courtyard with two similar arches at the further end, and doors leading into chambers on either side. Beyond the covered court was a spacious open square, surrounded on three sides by the high walls of the khan, and on the fourth bounded by the chambers and the court. A man in native costume was at one corner of the covered court, making coffee over a charcoal brazier, and at the same time filling and preparing a narghileh. There were several of these narghileh pipes arranged on a shelf near the brazier. The man was the innkeeper, or, as he is known by the natives, the khanidjeh. A few muleteers and other wayfarers were squatting or lying on the floor of the court, and some horses and mules were tethered in the open square within.

Access and tourism
The site is east of Mishor Adumim, the industrial zone of Ma'ale Adumim, and is accessible to visit.

See also
Monastery of Martyrius, a ruined Byzantine monastery in nearby Ma'ale Adumim
Mar Saba, the Holy Lavra of Saint Sabbas, a related Byzantine monastery (still working), also in the Judaean desert

References

Bibliography

 (p. 207)

External links
Euthymius Monastery at BibleWalks.com. Accessed April 2021.
Monastery of St. Euthymius (4 Eitam St, Ma'ale Adumim) at Google street view. Accessed April 2021.
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 18: at IAA archives (Israel Antiquities Authority) and Wikimedia commons

Christian monasteries in the West Bank
Archaeological sites in the West Bank
Christian monasteries established in the 5th century
Archaeological sites in the State of Palestine
Euthymius


Kenneth Lucien Hanna (July 8, 1921 - December 10, 1982) was an American jazz trumpeter, arranger, composer, and bandleader, best known for his work with Stan Kenton. Hired in 1942 by Kenton to add commercial arrangements to the library, he also played trumpet in the band before taking a break for military service. He returned to the trumpet section after the war and continued to contribute compositions and arrangements until 1951. He wrote almost 40 forward thinking compositions and arrangements between 1942 and 1951. He returned to the Kenton writing staff in the late 1960s, contributing over 70 more titles between 1968 and 1977.

Hanna was born in Baltimore. He married Margaret Lee Voorhess (1919–1968), with whom he had a son, Donald Voorhess Hanna (1942–2019),and Stephen Charles Hanna (1947-2020),in 1942.

Discography

As leader
 1955 Jazz for Dancers

As sideman
With Stan Kenton
 Stan Kenton's Milestones (Capitol, 1943–47 [1950])
 Stan Kenton Classics (Capitol, 1944–47 [1952])
 Artistry in Rhythm (Capitol, 1946)
 Encores (Capitol, 1947)
 A Presentation of Progressive Jazz (Capitol, 1947)
 The Kenton Era (Capitol, 1940–54, [1955])
 Uncollected Stan Kenton & His Orchestra, Vol. 5 (1945–1947) (1994)
 City of Glass: Stan Kenton Plays Bob Graettinger  (1995)

With others
 2001 1947–1949, Nat King Cole
 2002 Cool Christy, June Christy
 2002 Those Kenton Days, Art Pepper
 2003 Summit Meetings 1939–50, The Metronome All-Stars
 2003 Young Art, Art Pepper
 2008 Nellie's Nightmare, Buddy Rich

Arrangements & compositions created for Kenton
+ indicates original composition

Early years: 1942-1951

 April In Paris (1947) The Pastels vocal arranged by Dave Lambert
 Atlanta G.A. (1946) June Christy vocal
 Begin the Beguine (1944)
 Black and Blue (1950) Jay Johnson vocal
 Build It Up, Paint It Nice, Tear It Down (1944) Anita O’Day vocal
 Dancing in The Dark (1951)
 The Day Isn’t Long Enough (1951) Jay Johnson vocal
 Deep Purple (1951)
 Don’t Blame Me (1951) Jay Johnson vocal
 Durango + (1950)
 Gone With The Wind (1950) Jay Johnson vocal
 He’s My Guy (1942) Eve Knight vocal
 How Am I To Know? (1947)
 I Don’t Want to Cry Anymore (1951) Jay Johnson vocal
 I Have Faith, So Have You (1943) vocal
 I Left My Heart at The Stage Door Canteen (1942) Red Dorris vocal
 I Only Have Eyes for You (1951)
 I’d Be Lost Without You (1946) June Christy vocal
 I’m Through with Love (194?) vocal
 In the Still of The Night (1951)
 It Ain’t Necessarily So (1944) Anita O’Day vocal
 The Night We Called It A Day (1946) vocal
 Now We Know (1943) vocal
 One Dozen Roses (1942) Red Dorris vocal
 On the Sunny Side Of The Street (1944) Anita O’Day vocal
 September In the Rain (1947) The Pastels vocal arranged by Dave Lambert
 Somnambulism + (1947)
 Summertime (1945) Gene Howard vocal (long and short versions)
 Sunday, Monday Or Always (1943) Dolly Mitchell vocal
 Then I’ll Be Tired of You (1947) June Christy vocal
 This Is Romance (1946) June Christy vocal
 Tiare + (1948)
 Where or When (1951) Jay Johnson vocal
 You May Not Love Me (1946) Gene Howard vocal
 You’re Not the Kind (1948) June Christy vocal

Later years: 1968-1977

 Angel Eyes (1977)
 Autumn In New York (197?)
 Beeline East + (1972)
 Bogota + (1970) (originally composed 1955)
 Bon Homme Richard + (1970) featuring Dick Shearer
 Bora Bora + (1974) SK band and symphony orchestra
 The Breeze and I (1970) trumpet feature
 The Breeze and I (1975)
 Broadside + (1972)
 Close To You (1971)
 Concerto To End All Concertos (1970)
 Finlandia (1976) Masonic music
 For All We Know (1971)
 Fragments of A Portrait + (1972)
 Frangipani + (1970)
 Hagan’s Alley + (1976) featuring Tim Hagans
 Hindarabi + (1970)
 Invitation (1976)
 It’s Not Easy Bein’ Green (1973) Band vocal
 Last Tango In Paris (1974)
 La Vos Del Viento + (1973) featuring Dick Shearer
 Lazy Tiger + (1973)
 Lonely Windrose + (1970)
 Lonely Windrose + (197?) brass choir & rhythm
 Lonely Windrose + (1974) SK band + symphony orchestra
 Look Who’s Mine (1974)
 The Lord’s Prayer (1976) Masonic music
 Lunada + (1970)
 Lunada + (revised 1972)
 Lunada + (revised 1973)
 Macumba Suite + (in 4 Movements) (1971)
 Mantilla + (1976)
 Medianoche + (re-working of Vax-Elation, co-composed by Hanna & Hank Levy) (1973)
 Montage + (1973)
 Montage + (1973) revised shorter version
 Montiya + (197?)
 Moorea + (1974) SK band + symphony orchestra
 Moorea + (1976)
 My Way (1971)
 Naima + (1974)
 No Media Noche + (197?)
 Querida * (1973) featuring Stan Kenton
 Reflections _ (1972)
 Reynolds-Rap + (1973) featuring Roy Reynolds
 Send in The Clowns (1974)
 Sensitivo + (1975)
 September Morn + (1976)
 Serapo + (197?)
 Similau + (1970)
 Sirocco + (1971) featuring Mike Jamieson
 Six Adagios (1976) Masonic music
 Snowfall (1977)
 The Song Is You (1974)
 Stars and Stripes Forever (1976) Masonic music
 Strangers (1971)
 The Summer Knows (1972)
 Summer Me, Winter Me (1970)
 Theme for Autumn + (1972)
 This Is All I Ask (1977) featuring Dick Shearer
 Tiare + (1968) Neophonic
 Tiare + (1970)
 Tiare + (1974) SK band and symphony orchestra
 A Time for Love (1974)
 Turido + (197?)
 Vax + (Vax-Elation) (1972) co-composed by Hanna & Hank Levy, featuring Mike Vax
 Wave (1975)
 Westwind + (1976)
 What Are You Doing the Rest Of Your Life? (1970)
 What’s New (1977)
 You Are the Sunshine of My Life (1974)
 You Go to My Head (1976)
 You Must Believe In Spring (1977)

References

American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
American jazz bandleaders
American jazz composers
American male jazz composers
1982 deaths
1921 births
20th-century American composers
20th-century trumpeters
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century jazz composers


José Marcio Danilo Pereira da Silva (born 21 January 1989), known as Danilo, is a Brazilian footballer, who currently plays for Ituano Futebol Clube.

Biography
Born in Alagoas state, Danilo started his career at Corinthians Alagoano and left for Centro Sportivo Alagoano in January 2008, signed a 3-year contract. The team won the state league and qualified to 2008 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. In mid-2008, Danilo along with teammate Fábio Henrique Lima and Mauricio were scouted by Romanian clubs, which Danilo left for Gloria Bistriţa. Danilo played his single appearance in Romanian Liga I on 21 September 2008, substituted Ciprian Petre in the 70th minute. That match the team lost 1–2 to CFR Cluj.

In January 2010, Danilo returned to Brazil for Campeonato Alagoano newcomer Santa Rita. Near to the end of the state league, in March 2010, he left for Viana to play for Maranhão state cup, which he scored 1 goal.

References

External links
 CBF
 Profile at football-lineups.com

1989 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Ituano FC players
Footballers from Maceió


Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association (HPBA) is a U.S. trade organization that represents hearth appliance manufacturers, designers and retailers.

Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, HPBA hosts industry conferences, lobbies for legislation at federal and state levels, and provides data on sales and manufacturing output for the hearth industry. HPBA has also worked with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to encourage the manufacturing and installation of hearth appliances that produce lower levels of air pollution.

References

External links
Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association

Trade associations based in the United States
Renewable energy organizations based in the United States


The Staff Band of the Norwegian Armed Forces () is the foremost of the military bands of the Norwegian Armed Forces and Norway's largest professional wind band, employing 39 full-time musicians. The band is based in Oslo and participates in parades and ceremonies for Norwegian royalty, the government and the armed forces, and tours throughout Norway and abroad. In addition, the band has an extensive concert schedule in the Oslo area.

FSMK has strong relations with the Norwegian National Opera, Norwegian Academy of Music, Akershus
Fortress Foundation for Art and Culture, Oslo Chamber Music Festival, and Ny Musikkk, the Norwegian section of the International Society for Contemporary Music. The band performs a wide variety of musical styles: classical and contemporary, as well as jazz and pop. FSMK works with renowned conductors from Norway and abroad, on a project basis. The Staff Band's recordings have consistently received critical acclaim.

History

Military music in Norway has its roots in the 17th century when the pipers (flautists) together with the drummers made up the first military bands. In 1641, all companies had drummers, pipers, trumpeters and horn players, that formed small ensembles.  These ensembles performed different kinds of signals and fanfares at military operations and ceremonies, and were connected to the Akershus fortress. It was in 1818 that the first military ensembles similar to today's bands were created.

Within the Stabsmusikkorps ved Hærordningen of 1817, which was put into effect 1 January 1818, it was decided that the 2nd Agersusiske Brigade would have a military band, and the name was the 2. Brigades Musikkorps (military band). In 1918, all of the brigades were renamed to divisions, and subsequently the band's name changed to the 2nd Division Band. The band had this name until 1953, when the classification into divisions was abandoned, and the band was renamed Forsvarets stabsmusikkorps (Staff Band of the Norwegian Armed Forces).

Historically, a number of famous Norwegian musicians were associated with the band, including Johannes Hanssen, Ole Olsen, Johan Halvorsen, and Johan Svendsen.

In 2018, to commemorate their 200th anniversary, the band released an album with singer Angelina Jordan called It's Magic.

Ridehuset
In October 2007, FSMK moved into the newly refurbished Ridehuset at Akershus festning. Originally a riding stable and then a rehearsal and performance space for Riksteateret (the National Theatre Company), Ridehuset is now the permanent rehearsal and concert arena for Forsvarets stabsmusikkorps. The house holds a large stage, wardrobes, a music library, storage facilities and seating for 200–250 people. Due in part to the excellent acoustics, Ridehuset has become a popular arena for other ensembles in Oslo. The Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra, Oslo Sinfonietta and the Ultima festival, among others, held concerts in Ridehuset during the 2008–09 season.

References

External links
 FSMKs website
 Website for Forsvarets musikk

Norwegian military bands
Musical groups established in the 1810s
Military units and formations of Norway


The Battle of Taipale was a series of battles fought during the Winter War between Finland and Soviet Union from 6 to 27 December 1939. The battles were part of a Soviet campaign to penetrate the Finnish Mannerheim Line in the Karelian Isthmus region to open a route into southern Finland. Despite their numerical superiority, the Soviet forces were unable to break through the Finnish defences.

Prelude: 30 November – 6 December
On 30 November, Soviet forces crossed the Finnish border and bombarded civilian targets from the air. The Karelian Isthmus was split into two military sectors by both belligerents: one on the side of Lake Ladoga and the other on the side of the Gulf of Finland. In the Ladoga sector, the Soviet commanding officer was Vladimir Grendahl and on the Finnish side, Erik Heinrichs. On 3 December, Grendahl received orders to make a breakthrough in his sector, as the defenders in the other sector were more numerous and offered fiercer resistance. The former objective of reaching Viipuri on the Gulf side of the Karelian Isthmus became a secondary priority. The attack began on 6 December, when the Finns had retreated to the Mannerheim Line.

The battle: 6–27 December
The Battle of Taipale began on 6 December, started when the Soviet 49th and 150th Rifle Divisions of the 7th Army tried to cross the Taipale River at three locations. The terrain was flat farmland, so the Soviets had no cover, and the Finnish 10th Division's accurate artillery inflicted heavy losses. However, due to the sheer size of the Soviet forces, the attackers managed to establish a bridgehead over the river. The Finns inflicted such severe casualties that some units (even as large as a regiment) had to be withdrawn. In the following days, the Finns repelled more assaults and inflicted even more casualties, causing the collapse of many Soviet units. Despite this, however, they were not strong enough to stop the Soviet advance, and soon the bridgehead was gradually enlarged, securing ground for the reinforcements that were on the way (the 39th Armoured Brigade). By 12 December, the bridgehead was large enough to support an advance into the Taipale sector.

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

In English

Online sources

In Finnish

In Russian

Online sources

Further reading

External links

Военный альбом (photographs of the Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940)
JR28 War diaries (The digitized contemporary war diaries of the Finnish regiment that fought in the Taipale front 1939–1940. In Finnish.)

Taipale
1939 in Finland
1940 in Finland
December 1939 events


The Cultural Institutions Group (CIG) is a coalition of institutions providing cultural and educational resources to the public in New York City that are subsidized by the city government. The group originated in the last quarter of the 19th century with planning efforts by New York City to cope with becoming a major city. The organizations joined together in the mid-20th century to discuss and improve working conditions in New York City. Today, the CIG includes 34 cultural institutions.

History
The basic framework for the public-private partnerships between New York City and its 34 cultural institutions was established in the 19th century. The original concept of the partnerships has succeeded beyond its founders' most ambitious expectations.

1877-1945: The original partnerships
In the last quarter of the 19th century, the City of New York began a comprehensive planning effort to cope with its rapid growth and to establish itself as a major world city. The State of New York passed legislation that incorporated the institutions and authorized the city to build facilities and lease them and the city-owned parkland on which they sat to the new private institutions. The partnership stipulated that the city would provide these institutions with land, facilities and funds for maintenance and security. The private institutions in turn would develop specialized cultural services and collections which would be available to the general public. The model married the traditions of European subsidy for the arts with American independence and capitalism. The pattern was established with the American Museum of Natural History in 1877, followed by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1878; New York Botanical Garden, 1891; Bronx Zoo, 1895; Brooklyn Museum, 1897; Brooklyn Children's Museum, 1899. After the turn of the 20th century, four additional organizations negotiated agreements with the city: Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, 1908; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1909; Museum of the City of New York, 1922; Staten Island Zoological Society, 1936.

1945-1976: Conflict and policy
From 1952 to 1967, an additional five organizations would begin to receive regular city support: Brooklyn Academy of Music, 1952; Queens Botanical Garden, 1962; New York Hall of Science, 1965; Wave Hill, 1965; Staten Island Historical Society, 1967. In the 1950s the City and the cultural organizations engaged in protracted discussions over the issue of wages and working conditions of employees who were City reimbursed. Following a strike action against eight of the institutions in 1958 and 1959, the institutions met in 1960 in an informal organization which came to be known as the Cultural Institutions Group or CIG. The labor settlement that was eventually reached was an unconventional one that involved "tri-partite" bargaining and obligated the institutions and the City of New York to negotiate (and the city to pay for) wage and benefit increases, while working conditions were negotiated between the union and the individual organizations.

Having recognized a valuable community of interests, the CIG continued to meet to address other issues. In 1962, Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. established a mayoral Office of Cultural Affairs (OCA) that pre-dated the National Endowment for the Arts. In 1967, Mayor John V. Lindsay moved the OCA functions into the newly titled Department of Parks and Recreation and Cultural Affairs (PRCA). Program grants expanded considerably, and a number of newer organizations began to make the case for city operating support including Bronx County Historical Society, Bronx Museum of the Arts, El Museo del Barrio, Jamaica Center for Arts & Learning, Queens Theatre in the Park, Queens Museum of Art, Staten Island Children's Museum, and the Studio Museum in Harlem. In 1974, Mayor Abraham D. Beame appointed the Committee on Cultural Policy, which recommended removing cultural affairs from PRCA and that the city concentrate its funding in the areas of facilities and basic support.

1976-1990: Cultural affairs
Enabling legislation for a City Department of Cultural Affairs (DCA) was passed in 1975, and the new department began to operate in 1976. In 1978, Mayor Edward I. Koch took office as the city began to climb out of its fiscal crisis. He agreed that the seven newer organizations and the New York State Theater should receive regular city support for operating expenses. And seven cultural organizations would also begin to receive this category of support including Snug Harbor Cultural Center, 1981; Museum of the Moving Image, 1982; MoMA PS1, 1982; The New York Public Theater, 1982; New York City Center, 1981; Staten Island Botanical Garden, 1983; and Carnegie Hall, 1986.

1990-Present: Government transitions and the budget
By the 1990s, two new organizations had joined the ranks of the CIG: Flushing Town Hall and the Museum of Jewish Heritage. With a new city charter redistributing budgeting powers from the Board of Estimate to the Mayor and a larger City Council and the implementation of term limits in 2001, the tentative pas de deux of the 1980s budget negotiations became a full-fledged ballet in the 1990s. Between 1980 and 2007, there were only two years when the proposed Executive Budget and the Adopted Budget for the Department of Cultural Affairs were the same.

Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and City Council Speaker Christine C. Quinn jointly announced a preliminary budget for 2008 that established a new base level of funding for cultural organizations. In addition, the administration brought new reforms to the city’s approach to cultural funding. The agency increased its competitive Cultural Development Fund nearly tenfold to $30 million to support non-CIG organizations.

Member organizations

American Museum of Natural History
The Bronx County Historical Society
The Bronx Museum of the Arts
Brooklyn Academy of Music
Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Brooklyn Children's Museum
Brooklyn Museum
Carnegie Hall
Flushing Town Hall
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
Jamaica Center for Arts & Learning
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
El Museo del Barrio
Museum of Jewish Heritage
Museum of the City of New York
Museum of the Moving Image
The New York Botanical Garden
New York City Center
New York Hall of Science
The New York Public Theater
New York State Theater:
New York City Ballet
New York City Opera
MoMA PS1 Contemporary Art Center
Queens Botanical Garden
Queens Museum of Art
Queens Theatre in the Park
Snug Harbor Cultural Center
Staten Island Botanical Garden
Staten Island Children's Museum
Staten Island Historical Society
Staten Island Museum
Staten Island Zoological Society
The Studio Museum in Harlem
Wave Hill
Weeksville Heritage Center
Wildlife Conservation Society:
Bronx Zoo
New York Aquarium

References

External links
 Official Website

Culture of New York City


Matti Juhani Raekallio (born 14 October 1954 in Helsinki) is a Finnish pianist.

He has performed in Europe, the U.S. and Asia, having debuted at Carnegie Hall in 1980. A professor at the Swedish Royal College of Music (1994–1995), Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover (2005–2010, 2014–) and the Sibelius Academy (1998–2008), Raekallio trained Antti Siirala and Gergely Boganyi at the latter. He is a scholar on piano playing technique and a former member of the Research Committee on Culture and Society of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. He taught at the Juilliard School from 2007 to 2014 while giving master classes in many countries. In 2014, he decided to leave the Juilliard School and started to teach in Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover again. His most famous student is Igor Levit, who credits Raekallio as a major influence.

Since 2015, he has been back in New York City, teaching at the Juilliard School.

Raekallio has recorded about 20 CDs, including Sergei Prokofiev's complete Piano Sonatas and Aarre Merikanto's, Anton Rubinstein's and Einar Englund's Piano Concertos for Ondine.

References

External links
 Arthur Rubinstein Competition, Tel Aviv
 Ondine.
 Juilliard School.
 Doctoral dissertation by Eeva Kaisa Hyry.

Finnish classical pianists
1954 births
Living people
Academic staff of the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover
21st-century classical pianists
Finnish expatriates in Germany
Finnish expatriates in Sweden
Finnish expatriates in the United States


Edward L. Schneider is a Professor of Gerontology at the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Professor of Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC, with a joint appointment in biological sciences and molecular biology at the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences.

Biography
He attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and went on to graduate cum laude from the Boston University School of Medicine. Upon completion of medical school, Schneider received the Distinguished Alumnus Award in May 1990. In 1986, Schneider joined the faculty at the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology. Previously, he was the deputy director of the National Institute on Aging and the Chief of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging. At the National Institute on Aging, Schneider and his colleagues were instrumental in creating the first national Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs), the first teaching nursing homes, and assisting in the development of geriatric programs throughout the United States.
Schneider was Professor of Medicine and Director of the Davis Institute on Aging at the University of Colorado and founder of the Colorado Gerontological Society. Schneider played an important role in the creation of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging where he was the scientific director from 1989 to 1999 and worked with I. M. Pei on the design of the facility.
Schneider was the first recipient of the William and Sylvia Kugel Dean's Chair of Gerontology at the University of Southern California. Schneider was the senior advisor for special projects for the Los Angeles Jewish Home. Schneider was also a consultant to many long-term care companies.
He is currently a member of the board of directors of the Los Angeles Jewish Home and chairs their geriatrics board, their Brandman Centers for Senior Care board and their Geriatric Education and Research Organization board.
Schneider researches molecular genetic aspects of cellular aging, DNA damage and repair with aging, and health care costs of an aging population. Some of his best known publications include the development with Dr. N. P. Singh of the “comet” assay for single cell DNA damage.
Schneider is the chairperson of the advisory committee to the Los Angeles County Elder Abuse Forensic Center. Schneider has also been extensively involved in litigation concerning elder abuse working for both plaintiffs and defendants.  He is an expert consultant the California Department of Justice and the California Department of Social Services.

Schneider has published over 180 research articles and 14 books including What the Doctor Hasn't Told You and What the Heath Store Clerk Doesn't Know (2006) with Leigh Ann Hirschman. Schneider is also the author of AgeLess: Take Control of Your Age and Stay Youthful for Life (2003) which is a recommended book by Project Renewment.
Schneider has been interviewed by numerous media outlets, previously appearing on Larry King Live, Good Morning America, CNN, CBS, NBC, and BBC, and in print stories by Forbes, Newsweek, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal.
Schneider has raced sailboats for several decades and was an offshore sailing coach for the United States Naval Academy sailing team.

References

American gerontologists
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Boston University School of Medicine alumni
University of Southern California faculty
American scientists
American geriatricians


Larraintzar () is a village in Navarra, Spain. It is the capital of the municipality of Ultzama and had 129 inhabitants in 2011.

José Ángel Ziganda, former footballer for Osasuna and Athletic Bilbao, was born in Larraintzar.

Populated places in Navarre


Earl Steffa Moran (December 8, 1893 – January 17, 1984) was an American pin-up photographer and glamor artist.

Background
Moran's first instruction in art came under the direction of John Stich, an elderly German artist who also taught the great illustrator W.H.D. Koerner. Moran also studied with Walter Biggs at the Chicago Art Institute.

Moran later studied at the famed Art Students League in Manhattan, where he learned from the muralists Vincent Drumond, Robert Henri, Thomas Fogarty (Norman Rockwell's teacher), and the legendary anatomist George Bridgman. After moving back to Chicago in 1931 and opening a small studio where he specialized in photography and illustration, he sent some paintings of bikini-clad girls to two calendar companies; when both Brown and Bigelow and Thomas D. Murphy Company bought the work, his career was officially launched.

Career
Moran signed an exclusive contract with Brown and Bigelow in 1932 and by 1937, his pinups had sold millions of calendars for the company. In 1940, Life ran a feature article entitled "Speaking of Pictures" which mostly focused on Moran's work and made him a national celebrity. In 1941, Moran helped the magazine publisher, Robert Harrison, to launch a new men's magazine called Beauty Parade, and he later contributed pin-ups to other Harrison magazines such as Flirt, Wink and Giggles.

In 1946, Moran moved to Hollywood though he had already painted many movie stars including Betty Grable, for publicity posters. Soon after his arrival, he interviewed a young starlet named Norma Jeane Dougherty who wanted to model for him. For the next four years, Marilyn Monroe posed for Moran and the two became friends. She always credited him with making her legs look better than they were as she felt they were too thin. Moran's work during this time period is now considered his most valuable; a Moran Marilyn pastel art piece sold for $83,650 at Heritage Auctions in February 2011, nearly doubling the previous record for one of his works.

Moran lived in the San Fernando Valley from 1951 to 1955, hosting large parties, directing and starring in short television films, painting portraits of Earl Carroll's Vanities Girls, and maintaining his position as a star of the pin-up world.

After a move to Las Vegas (circa 1955), Moran decided to devote his time to painting fine-art subjects, with nudes as his favorite theme. Signing with Aaron Brothers Galleries, he painted for collectors until 1982, when his eyesight failed. Some of his earlier works for Harrison were signed "Steffa" or "Black Smith". Moran died in Santa Monica, California, on January 17, 1984.

Legacy

Moran's daughter by his first marriage, Marie, became a film actress in Hollywood in the 1940s under the name Peggy Moran. She retired fairly early to marry well-known Hollywood director Henry Koster.

References

Students of Robert Henri
Pin-up artists
American illustrators
People from Belle Plaine, Iowa
1893 births
1984 deaths