The sixth edition of the Dutch Supercup was held on 16 August 1995 at De Kuip in Rotterdam. The match featured the winners of the 1994–95 Eredivisie, Ajax, and the winners of the 1994–95 KNVB Cup, Feyenoord. This was the third year in a row that the Dutch Supercup involved these two teams. The games was won by Ajax 2–1 after extra time, with the Ajax goals coming from Ronald de Boer and Patrick Kluivert, and Henrik Larsson scoring for Feyenoord. This victory meant Ajax had won the Supercup three years in a row.

This was the last Supercup game to be played under the title Dutch Supercup (), with subsequent cups being known under the title Johan Cruyff Shield ().

Match details

1995
Supercup
D
D
Dutch Supercup


Kol Mevaser () is a Yiddish broadcaster, which runs as a news hotline. It has options for news, weather forecasts and traffic reports, together with scholarly information on several issues which are important to the Yiddish-speaking Haredi Jewish community, and interviews with important figures.

Programming and content
Kol Mevaser was established in 2005 by Zalmen Wieder, the main news presenter on the hotline. Kol Mevaser serves as an alternative to radio broadcasting for the Yiddish-speaking Orthodox Jewish community, which traditionally shuns such media in favor of community-based information sources such as Kol Mevaser, that are presented in Yiddish. It is one of the main sources of information for the global Yiddish-speaking community, with the largest audiences being in the United States, Canada, Israel and the United Kingdom.

The main news programs, which consist of local, world, and Jewish news, are updated twice a day by Wieder, while breaking news is reported around the clock. Yossi Gestetner provides commentary on political and business news, as well as current events. Other categories are updated less frequently. There is a wide variety of programming on the hotline, including: Interviews conducted by Yitzchok Shloma Dresnser and Hendel Breuer; community affairs with Shaul Klein, Avrohom Yakov Vozner, Pinchas Glauber and Shaya Itzkowitz ("Eliezer Krausz"); psychology with Naftali Stein; and a section devoted to religious Jewish music.

Yiddish24
In July 2019, Kol Mevaser launched a website and app called "Yiddish24" for iOS and Android users. The website and app offer the same content that is broadcast on the Kol Mevaser hotline.

Access menu

1 - News, weather and lottery

 1 - News
 1 - Jewish news
 2 - General news
 3 - Bulletins
 4 - News interviews
 5 - Political news
 7 - Business news

 2 - Weather

 3 - Lottery

3 - General topics

 1 - Interviews

 2 - Health

 1 - Hershel Meisels
 2 - Yitzchock Klahr
 3 - Mordechai Weinberger LCSW, psychology
 4 - Yoel Meirowitz
 5 - Shimon Green, psychology

 4 - Business and economy

 1 - Yossi Gestetner, business news
 2 - Eli Ekstein
 3 - Yaakov Engel, economic observations
 4 - Yitzchock Ekstein
 5 - Issamar Ginzberg, marketing
 6 - Shimon Green, business relations
 7 - Stock market updates
 8 - Motty Klein and Pinchas Glober
 9 - Aaron Gottlieb, real estate
 0 - Experience and success interviews

 6 - Lighthearted content

 2 - Yitzchok Shloma Dresnser and Velvel Schmeltzer, music commentary
 7 - Political humor
 8 - Ari Abramovitz, weird news
 9 - Shlomie Sions, Tzeischem Lishlomie

 7 - Holocaust history

 8 - Political analysis

 Weekly analyses by Hershel Friedman, Jake Turx, Yoel Mayorovitz, Shulem Fried, Avrum Chaim Friedman, Yitchok Klar, Shimon Rolnitski, Yoel Felzen, Yosef Chaim Yoine Cohen Rapaport ("Yoine Cohen"), Mechel Fisher and Yoel Weber

 9 - Informative corner

 1 - Shaul Klein
 2 - Pinchas Glauber, community affairs
 3 - Yoel Felzn
 4 - Lazer Kraus
 5 - Velvy Feldman
 6 - Shimon Ralnitzki
 7 - Ari Abramovitz
 8 - Mendy Baum
 9 - Pinchas Glauber, Q & A
 0 - Yossi Gestetner

7 - Traffic reports

 With David Goldstein

8 - Torah corner

See also

Haredi news hotline

References

External links

 "קול מבשר נייעס" (in Yiddish)
 "אקטועלע אנאליזן מיט הרב אליעזר קרויס-קול מבשר" (in Yiddish)

Political mass media in the United States
Broadcast journalism
Haredi Judaism in New York City
Mass media companies based in New York City
Mass media companies established in 2005
Mass media in New York (state)
Orthodox Judaism in New York City
Telecommunication services
Telephone newspapers
Yiddish-language mass media in the United States


The William Hilleary House, or Hilleary-Magruder House, is a historic home located at Bladensburg in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The house is the only 18th-century stone, gambrel-roofed house in Prince George's County. It is now surrounded to the south and west by an exit ramp connecting Kenilworth Avenue with Annapolis Road.

It was built between 1742 and 1764 by William Hilleary.  The house passed through a number of 18th-century owners, including Richard Henderson.  Henderson was a prominent merchant and land speculator, who served as a County Justice and was well known for his "paper wars" in local newspapers. George Washington's diary, May 9, 1787, states that he dined at Richard Henderson's in Bladensburgh. Henderson sold the property in 1793 to Major David Ross, son of the surgeon and merchant Dr. David Ross who had died in 1777–8 ?, as well as business partner of Henderson's in the Frederick Forge on Antietam Creek. Ross' father, Dr. David Ross, was the "Agent Victualer" for the Maryland troops during the French and Indian war. Father Dr. David Ross owned the famed "Ross Home", which was often referred to as the old brick hospital. In August 1814, the Ross Home was used for a hospital during the Battle of Bladensburg of the War of 1812. Dr. Ross was an original inhabitant of Bladensburg, had served as a Town Commissioner, and from 1750 to 1759 had been a Justice of the County Court.

The William Hilleary House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1979 Prince George's Heritage, Inc., took on the ownership and restoration of the Hilleary-Magruder House.

References

External links
, including photo in 2007, at Maryland Historical Trust website
Magruder House, 4703 Annapolis Road (Bladensburg Road), Bladensburg, Prince George's County, MD: 15 photos and 13 data pages, at Historic American Buildings Survey

A historical research report prepared for the State Highway Administration contains a history of the Hilleary-Magruder House and two of the other historic sites in the area, Market Master's House and the George Washington House/Indian Queen.
http://www.princegeorges1812.org/Bladensburg/bladensburg-history/Bladensburg_Historical_Research_Project.pdf

Historic American Buildings Survey in Maryland
Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses completed in 1764
1764 establishments in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
Bladensburg, Maryland


In mathematics, a covering number is the number of spherical balls of a given size needed to completely cover a given space, with possible overlaps. Two related concepts are the packing number, the number of disjoint balls that fit in a space, and the metric entropy, the number of points that fit in a space when constrained to lie at some fixed minimum distance apart.

Definition

Let (M, d) be a metric space, let K be a subset of M, and let r be a positive real number. Let Br(x) denote the ball of radius r centered at x. A subset C of M is an r-external covering of K if:
.
In other words, for every  there exists  such that .

If furthermore C is a subset of K, then it is an r-internal covering.

The external covering number of K, denoted , is the minimum cardinality of any external covering of K. The internal covering number, denoted , is the minimum cardinality of any internal covering.

A subset P of K is a packing if  and the set  is pairwise disjoint. The packing number of K, denoted , is the maximum cardinality of any packing of K.

A subset S of K is r-separated if each pair of points x and y in S satisfies d(x, y) ≥ r. The metric entropy of K, denoted , is the maximum cardinality of any r-separated subset of K.

Examples

Properties

The following properties relate to covering numbers in the standard Euclidean space, :

Application to machine learning
Let  be a space of real-valued functions, with the l-infinity metric (see example 3 above).
Suppose all functions in  are bounded by a real constant .
Then, the covering number can be used to bound the generalization error
of learning functions from ,
relative to the squared loss:

where  and  is the number of samples.

See also
 Polygon covering
 Kissing number

References

Topology
Metric geometry


The Kokosing Gap Trail is a 14-mile-long recreational trail built on a former Pennsylvania Railroad right-of-way alongside the Kokosing River in east central Ohio. The trail begins in Mount Vernon and winds itself to Danville via Gambier and Howard.

History
Opened in 1991, the  wide paved trail was designed for bicycling, walking and rollerblading.  The trail begins in Mt. Vernon's Phillips Park, where a large gravel parking area has been constructed. From there the trail follows Knox County’s scenic Kokosing River and surrounding countryside. Forested hills, wetlands, family farms, and the river itself offer pleasant scenery, and many opportunities for photography. The trail runs east to historic Gambier, the home of Kenyon College. Here, one can stop for a rest at one of the trail's restroom facilities and take photos of a cosmetically restored 1940s-era ALCO 0-6-0 steam locomotive, tender, flatcar and caboose. From Gambier, the trail continues northeast toward Howard, underneath Route 36 through a stone-arched tunnel, and then continues on towards Danville.  Convenient mile markers along the way make it easy to note distances and to mark progress in physical fitness programs.

This trail at present is the longest paved rail-trail in the US maintained solely by volunteers and donations. It is also one of the first 500 rail trails in the U.S.

Wildlife along the trail includes white-tailed deer, gray squirrel, chipmunk, groundhog, mink, wild turkey, great blue heron, bald eagle, and several species of hawk and owl. Spring and summer wild flowers include trillium, mayapple, and jack-in-the-pulpit.

Location
Western terminus: Phillips Park in Mount Vernon at
Eastern terminus: West of Danville at

References

Protected areas of Knox County, Ohio
Bike paths in Ohio
Rail trails in Ohio
Transportation in Knox County, Ohio
1991 establishments in Ohio


Thomas Walton Mellor (3 October 1814 – 17 February 1902) was a British cotton manufacturer and Conservative politician.

Early years
Thomas was the third son of Thomas Mellor of Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, and his wife Mary Walton of Stalybridge, Cheshire. He was christened on 30 October 1814 at the parish church of St Michael Ashton-under-Lyne.

Career
He became a major "cotton master" in Ashton, and led the opposition to the costs of the town obtaining a charter of incorporation as a municipal borough in 1847. He was a magistrate for the borough of Ashton and the counties palatine of Chester and Lancaster.

In 1868, Mellor was elected as Member of Parliament for Ashton-under-Lyne, describing himself as "a Conservative with Liberal tendencies". He stood down from parliament in 1880.

Family life
He married Jane Leigh of Compsall Bridge in 1849 and they had a son, John Edward.

Death
Mellor died at Ashton-under-Lyne 17 February 1902.

References

External links

1814 births
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs 1874–1880
1902 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Ashton-under-Lyne


Jorge Walter Theiler (born 12 May 1964) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a defender; he won the Primera División Argentina in 1987–88 with Newell's Old Boys.

Theiler came through the youth team of Newell's Old Boys to make his debut in 1983. He played in the 1983 FIFA World Youth Championship where the Argentina Under-20 team reached the final but lost to Brazil. He also played for the full national team and was part of the squad for Copa América 1987. Newell's won the 1987–88 Primera División.

In 1990 Theiler joined River Plate bet he never established himself in the first team, he then had a spell with St Gallen of Switzerland before returning to Argentina to join San Lorenzo de Almagro. In 1993, he returned to Newell's Old Boys.

After retiring as a player he went on to pursue a career in coaching. After working with the youth teams of River Plate and Newell's Old Boys he became the manager of Libertad of Paraguay in 2004 for three games. In 2005, he had a brief spell as the manager of Instituto de Córdoba. In 2008, he was the manager of the Argentina Under-15 football team for the South American Under-15 Football Championship.

Honours
Newell's Old Boys
Primera División Argentina: 1987–88

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
People from Caseros Department
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's youth international footballers
Argentina men's under-20 international footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
1987 Copa América players
Men's association football defenders
Newell's Old Boys footballers
Club Atlético River Plate footballers
San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers
FC St. Gallen players
Argentine football managers
Instituto managers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
Argentine people of German descent
Argentine Primera División players
Atlanta United FC non-playing staff
Mexico national football team non-playing staff
Inter Miami CF non-playing staff
Footballers from Santa Fe Province
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
Footballers at the 1987 Pan American Games
Pan American Games medalists in football


The Mayor of Wilmington is the chief executive of the government of Wilmington, Delaware, as stipulated by the Charter. The current Mayor of Wilmington is Mike Purzycki.

City of Wilmington

Borough of Wilmington

See also
 Timeline of Wilmington, Delaware
 List of governors of Delaware
 List of lieutenant governors of Delaware
 List of United States senators from Delaware
 List of United States representatives from Delaware

References

External links
 Office of the Mayor

Wilmington, Delaware
Wilmington, Delaware

1832 establishments in Delaware


Xavier "Xavi" Rey Sanuy (born 13 July 1987) is a Spanish professional basketball player for AB Castelló of the Spanish LEB Oro, second tier national competition. Standing at 2.10 m (6 ft 10 ¾ in) and weighing 114 kg (252 lbs), he plays as center.

Professional career
Rey saw action against the Los Angeles Lakers in an NBA preseason game, despite having not yet made the regular rotation of FC Barcelona in the Spanish ACB League.

In the summer 2019 he joins Olimpia Milano for the summer preparation due to the missing players that were playing in the Fiba World Cup; on 24 September, day of the starting 2019/2020 season of the Italian Serie A, Rey receives the offer to stay in Milan for the rest of the season. Less than a month later, he reaches a mutual agreement with the club and, on 19 October, Milan and Rey part ways. He did not play any official game with Milan.

Rey signs with Iberojet Palma in the LEB Oro on 20 October 2019.

Spain national teams
Rey competed internationally with the junior Spain national team, and then with the senior Spain national team at the EuroBasket 2011 prep games. He played in some friendly games but was not chosen to play in the main tournament. He was selected to play at EuroBasket 2013.

References

External links

Euroleague.net Profile
FIBA Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Spanish League Profile

1987 births
Living people
Baloncesto Fuenlabrada players
Basket Zaragoza players
Bàsquet Manresa players
CB Canarias players
CB Estudiantes players
CB Gran Canaria players
Centers (basketball)
FC Barcelona Bàsquet players
Liga ACB players
Olimpia Milano players
Real Betis Baloncesto players
S.L. Benfica basketball players
Spanish men's basketball players


Templelands is a Georgian terrace in Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland. According to the listed building report for the property, it dates to circa 1820,. The late ceramist Margery Clinton lived at 2 Templelands between 1995 and 2005. Today number 1 is a private home and pottery studio run by Philip Revell, while number 2 is a private home.

Templelands comprises a terrace of two symmetrical, two-storey-and-basement houses. Each house has three bays. The building has an ashlar front, rubble basement and rear, and rusticated quoins, and other decorative features. The central doorways have Ionic surrounds, panelled doors, and plate glass fanlights. The building was listed at Category B in 1971.

References

Houses in East Lothian
Listed houses in Scotland
Category B listed buildings in East Lothian
Dunbar


Mandate Pictures was a full-service film production company acquired by Lionsgate in 2007.

History
In 2005, Mandate Pictures was officially formed when the Los Angeles–based Senator International completed a management buyout from German indie giant Senator Entertainment AG. Joe Drake, Brian Goldsmith and Nathan Kahane became the sole proprietors of Mandate Pictures. At the time, the company was helmed by President Joe Drake, chief financial officer Brian Goldsmith, and Nathan Kahane as the company's President of Motion Pictures, overseeing the daily creative operations of the new company. Mandate Pictures independently produced and financed feature films by leveraging international sales, while seeking out domestic distributors on a film by film basis.

On September 10, 2007, the partners sold Mandate Pictures to Lionsgate, and as part of that deal Kahane stayed on as President of Mandate Pictures while Mandate CEO Joe Drake became President of the Motion Picture Group and Co-Chief Operating Officer at Lionsgate. After the acquisition, Mandate operated as an independent brand under Drake and Kahane, releasing commercial and independent films worldwide while retaining the creative autonomy and capital to finance, develop, package and produce theatrical films.

In the spring of 2012, Drake and Kahane launched Good Universe, a new full-service motion picture financing, production and global sales company. The launch comes as the collaborators transition out of Lionsgate, opening its doors fully staffed and with films from the development slate at predecessor company Mandate Pictures. Good Universe will work with Lionsgate to complete a number of Mandate films and provide certain management and production services on a number of Mandate library properties.

Logo
The drummer girl in the logo is Georgia Rock, who later starred in the 2013 movie The Bling Ring.

Filmography

Senator International
Death to Smoochy (2002) (released by Warner Bros. Pictures and FilmFour)
Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (2004) (released by New Line Cinema)
White Noise (2005) (released by Universal Pictures and Gold Circle Films)
Boogeyman (2005) (released by Screen Gems and Ghost House Pictures)
Lords of Dogtown (2005) (released by Columbia Pictures and Tristar Pictures)

Mandate Pictures

2000s
Stranger than Fiction (2006) (released by Columbia Pictures)
The Grudge 2 (2006) (released by Columbia Pictures and Ghost House Pictures)
The Messengers (2007) (released by Columbia Pictures, Screen Gems and Ghost House Pictures)
Rise: Blood Hunter (2007) (released by Samuel Goldwyn Films, Destination Films and Ghost House Pictures)
Sleuth (2007) (released by Sony Pictures Classics and Castle Rock Entertainment)
Juno (2007) (released by Fox Searchlight Pictures)
Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium (2007) (released by 20th Century Fox and Walden Media)
Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay (2008) (released by New Line Cinema)
The Strangers (2008) (released by Rogue Pictures and Intrepid Pictures)
Passengers (2008)  (released by TriStar Pictures)
Nick & Norah's Infinite Playlist (2008) (released by Columbia Pictures)
Horsemen (2009) (released by Lionsgate, Radar Pictures and Platinum Dunes)
Drag Me to Hell (2009) (released by Universal Pictures and Ghost House Pictures)
Whip It (2009) (released by Fox Searchlight Pictures)

2010s
Peacock (2010)
The Switch (2010) (released by Miramax Films)
50/50 (2011) (released by Summit Entertainment)
A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas (2011) (released by Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema)
Young Adult (2011) (released by Paramount Pictures)
LOL (2012) (released by Lionsgate Films)
Seeking A Friend for the End of the World (2012) (released by Focus Features and Indian Paintbrush)
Hope Springs (2012) (co-released by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures)
This Is the End (2013) (released by Columbia Pictures)
Paradise (2013) (released by Image Entertainment)

References

External links
Mandate Pictures at IMDb

Mass media companies established in 2001
Entertainment companies established in 2001
Mass media companies established in 2005
Mass media companies disestablished in 2013
Defunct American film studios
Former Lionsgate subsidiaries
International sales agents
Film production companies of the United States
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
American independent film studios


The Venezuela Open or Abierto de Venezuela is a men's professional golf tournament. It has only been staged intermittently since 1957, 2019 being the 35th edition of the event. Al Geiberger, Art Wall Jr., David Graham, Roberto De Vicenzo and Tony Jacklin are past champions.

Since 2014, the Venezuela Open has been a fixture on the PGA Tour Latinoamérica Developmental Series. From 1979 to 2009 it made frequent appearances on the South American Tour, later known as the Tour de las Américas. Between 1961 and 1973 the tournament was a regular stop on the PGA-sponsored Caribbean Tour, when it was called the Caracas Open or Caracas Open Invitational. The second event in 1957 was co-sponsored by the PGA.

The event has generally been played at three venues in Caracas: Caracas Country Club, Valle Arriba Golf Club and Lagunita Country Club. In 1999 it was held at Izcaragua Country Club, a short distance east of Caracas while in 2000 it was played at Barquisimeto Golf Club near Barquisimeto.

Winners

Source:

Notes

References

External links
Venezuela Golf Federation
Tour de las Americas official site

Golf tournaments in Venezuela
Tour de las Américas events


Cherrish Pryor is an American politician from Indianapolis, Indiana. She is a Democratic member of the Indiana House of Representatives, representing the 94th District since 2008. She has served as the Democratic Floor Leader since 2018. The first African American to hold the leadership position. She is also Treasurer for the National Black Caucus of State Legislators.  A role she has held since 2021 and was recently re-elected to serve another two year term which will end in 2025.

Pryor began her political career as an Indianapolis City-County Council member, representing the 7th District from 2007 to 2008.

Pryor is a native of Holly Springs, Mississippi and has lived in Indiana since 1986. She graduated from South Side High School in Fort Wayne, Indiana in 1988. She holds a BA from Indiana University in Criminal Justice and a MPA from Indiana University Purdue University (IUPUI).

She moved to Indianapolis in 1995 to work for the Indiana House of Representatives as a legislative intern and was hired as a full-time legislative assistant within two months.

External links
Indiana State Legislature - Representative Cherrish Pryor Official government website
Project Vote Smart - Representative Cherrish S. Pryor (IN) profile

Living people
People from Holly Springs, Mississippi
Politicians from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Indianapolis City-County Council members
Democratic Party members of the Indiana House of Representatives
African-American state legislators in Indiana
African-American women in politics
Women state legislators in Indiana
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Women city councillors in Indiana
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
African-American city council members in Indiana
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American politicians


"The Night" is a song by the Animals. It was released as the first single from their 1983 Ark reunion effort.

It is the band's first and only Billboard Hot 100 entry since 1968, peaking at No. 48. It is also their only entry on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, peaking at No. 34.

Background
Eric Burdon wrote this song with John Sterling, who gave it to him after he wrote the initial music and lyrics about his wife Eva who was visiting her family in Sweden. John talked with her on the phone every night during her absence.

The video clip for MTV was shot on July 21, 1983. The complete line-up is featured there.

Chart performance

References

Songs about nights
1983 singles
The Animals songs
Songs written by Eric Burdon
I.R.S. Records singles
Song recordings produced by Stephen Lipson


The men's C-1 1000 metres event was an open-style, individual canoeing event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1996 Summer Olympics program.

Medallists

Results

Heats
18 competitors were entered. The top two finishers in each heat moved on to the final with the others relegated to the semifinals.

Semifinals
The top two finishers in each semifinal and the fastest third-place finisher advanced to the final.

Final
The final took place on August 3.

Doktor led from start to finish.

References
1996 Summer Olympics official report Volume 3. p. 173.
Sports-reference.com 1996 C-1 1000 m results.
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Men's Canadian Singles 1000 Meters". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press, Limited. p. 481.

Men's C-1 1000
Men's events at the 1996 Summer Olympics


The China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFEX), is a futures exchange established in Shanghai on September 8, 2006—with the approval of the State Council and the authorization of China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). It is a joint venture of the Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange, Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Futures Exchange.

Following the principle of higher starting point and higher standard, CFFEX constructed an electronic market which follows the trend of global development. Also CFFEX has a unique multi-tiered members' clearing system, strict risk management policy and an organization structure like a corporation to improve its competitive strength and development potential.

In early 2008, it launched the CSI 300 index futures, the first contract of CFFEX. Later, CFFEX introduced government bond futures and futures on the SSE 50 Index and the CSI 500 Index. The exchange has plans for other financial derivatives such as other index futures, index options, and currency futures. CFFEX launched its first product  by conducting trading systems testing and running a series of programs to educate investors about risks.

References

External links
China Financial Futures Exchange - Official Website

Financial services companies established in 2006
Commodity exchanges in China
Futures exchanges
Chinese companies established in 2006


Colobomycter is an extinct genus of lanthanosuchoid parareptile known from the Early Permian of Oklahoma.

Discovery
The type species, Colobomycter pholeter, was first described from fossil remains in 1958, at which time it was believed to represent a synapsid, specifically, a pelycosaur. However, the discovery of new material and reexamination of the holotype led to its reclassification as a member of the Eureptilia. More recent studies indicate that Colobomycter is properly placed within the amniote clade Parareptilia, as part of the group Lanthanosuchoidea and closely related to the taxon Acleistorhinus. A second species of Colobomycter was described in 2016, Colobomycter vaughni.

No postcranial material is known for Colobomycter, and the skull material referred to the genus has all been recovered from a single locality, the Richards Spur site at the Dolese Brothers Limestone Quarry, 11 kilometers north of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma, dating to the early Artinskian stage. This site comprises a fissure-fill deposit yielding a unique upland fauna. Other taxa recovered from these strata preserves a wide array of tetrapods, including lepospondyl and temnospondyl amphibians, Seymouria, microsaurs, captorhinomorphs, and synapsids.

Description
The skull of Colobomycter is considered one of the most enigmatic found in any of the parareptiles primarily due to the presence of greatly enlarged caniniform teeth possessing serrated edges in the premaxilla and, to a lesser extent, the maxilla. The length of the premaxillary fang is greater than half the height of the skull. Modesto & Reisz (2008) note that "The large size of the first premaxillary tooth is [otherwise] unheard of among early reptiles." The taxon also possesses unusual "folding" of the dentine at the bases of its larger marginal teeth, a state known as polyplycodont (a condition also seen to have evolved independently in diadectomorphs, ichthyosaurs, and mosasaurs). Modesto & Reisz (2008) speculate that hard-shelled insects and other arthropods may have formed the bulk of its diet, but that Colobomycter could also have fed on vertebrates, including small amphibians and eureptiles. It is notable as the smallest predatory amniote from the Richard's Spur deposits, with a skull measuring a mere 70-80 millimeters in length.

References

External links
 Images of a maxilla of Colobomycter pholeter from the Richard's Spur locality.

Permian reptiles of North America
Procolophonomorphs
Fossil taxa described in 1958
Prehistoric reptile genera


Ten. may refer to:
 a common abbreviation in musical notation for tenuto
 the standard botanical author abbreviation of Michele Tenore

See also
 Ten (disambiguation)


The Market Master's House is an 18th-century vernacular Colonial-era stone dwelling with 20th-century additions, set at the rear of a long, narrow lot in Bladensburg, Prince George's County, Maryland. It was constructed c. 1765, when Bladensburg was an active tobacco shipping port.

The Market Master's House is significant for its association with the 18th century development of the town of Bladensburg. Lot 38 of Bladensburg was purchased by Christopher Lowndes, who built nearby Bostwick, on September 23, 1760. The use of the Market Master's House as a headquarters for tobacco inspectors or an overseer of tobacco marketing activity has not been proven, and no description of an approved Market Master has been found for the town of Bladensburg. However, the Market Master's House is one of only four buildings remaining from this significant period of the town's history.

The original block is a two-by-one bay, gable-roofed, 25 × 20 foot structure, 1 stories, of randomly laid roughly shaped non-native stone.  The stone is thought to have been brought to the site originally as ship ballast, therefore it is also known as the Ship's Ballast House. It contains one room on the first story, a corner stair, and one room on the second story. A small two-story west kitchen addition and one-story south shed-roofed addition were added about 1920, with later additions and renovations completed in 1956. In May - June 2009, the Maryland State Highway Administration and the Center for Heritage Resource Studies (CHRS) at the University of Maryland, College Park sponsored archeological digs at the site.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

References

External links
, including photo in 1987, at Maryland Historical Trust website
 Bladensburg Archaeology Project: The Market Master's House and Square: An Introductory History

Houses in Prince George's County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses completed in 1765
National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland
Bladensburg, Maryland


The history of the Jews in Vancouver (also: Greater Vancouver and Metro Vancouver) in British Columbia, Canada has been noted since the mid-19th century.

Early Jewish settlers were isolated from established Jewish institutions and communities in eastern Canada and the United States. They were also often isolated from each other, scattered across the Greater Vancouver area. As the local cities developed, the Jewish community also grew and expanded beyond the original business districts to spread throughout the area. While some early Jewish settlers ran farms, poultry operations, and sawmills, most tended to work in merchant industries. Many started as street peddlers and worked their way up to running small stores, a few of which grew into retail empires.

Most of the early Jewish immigrants came from the United States and Britain. By the end of World War I immigrants from Eastern Europe formed the majority of the Vancouver-area Jewish community due to discrimination in their homelands, notably the pogroms in Russia, and changes in Canadian immigration policy.

Early Jewish life in Vancouver

Early Jewish settlers in Vancouver were concentrated in the stores of the Gastown area and the homes of the Strathcona neighbourhood: the East End of Vancouver. The first Jewish businessman in Vancouver was Louis Gold, who opened a general store on the waterfront in 1872. His wife and son were also prominent businesspeople, and his son Edward willed valuable land to the Jewish community for charities and building projects. Edward was also elected Councilor in South Vancouver in 1914.

One notable early settler was David Oppenheimer, who moved to Vancouver in 1885. As the city's second Mayor (1888–91), he was responsible for starting much civic infrastructure and industry. Oppenheimer also secured a Jewish burial area in the city-owned Mountain View Cemetery and offered land to the community for a synagogue. He and his brothers were prominent in real estate, groceries, and transportation; their grocery business is still operating as The Oppenheimer Group. Another prominent settler was Zebulon Franks, who arrived in 1887 and opened a hardware store by 1896. Parts of his business still survive as Y. Franks Appliances and Y. Franks Parts & Service. Franks was also involved in the development of Vancouver Jewish religious and community institutions, hosting the first Orthodox prayer services and serving as a founding member of B'nai B'rith. Along with Henry Sigler, he also negotiated the purchase of the land for the first synagogue in Vancouver.

Development of synagogues

In the city's early years, its nearest synagogue was Temple Emanu-El in Victoria. Agudas Achim (Orthodox) was the first congregation in Vancouver, active from 1891 to 1906. A semi-Reform congregation soon followed, as Temple Emanu-El started in 1894 and was active through 1917. In 1907 a new Orthodox congregation appeared, named B'nai Yehudah (also known as Sons of Israel). However, the first Vancouver synagogue did not appear until 1911, when B'nai Yehudah was built at the corner of East Pender and Heatley Streets. Though it seated 200, larger halls had to be rented for High Holy Days. The building also housed several community organizations. Children's Judaic classes began shortly after the opening in nearby homes. In 1914, during an economic depression, the synagogue was saved from foreclosure by an emergency fundraising campaign. In 1917 B'nai Yehudah was incorporated as a society by the name of Schara Tzedeck. The Vancouver Hebrew School/Talmud Torah started at the synagogue in 1918. After thirty years as a boys' club and vocational school, the synagogue was developed into residences and was honoured with a Vancouver Centennial plaque in 1986.

Formation of community organizations

Local Jewish community organizations founded in the early 20th century included the Young Mens Hebrew Association (1909), the Ladies Aid Society (1907; later Schara Tzedeck Ladies' Auxiliary and the Sisterhood), B'nai B'rith (1910), the Hebrew Aid and Immigrant Society (1910), the Zionist and Social Society (1913), and the Hebrew Free Loan Association (1915). Samuel Davies Schultz was appointed to Vancouver County Court in 1914, making him Canada's first Jewish judge. Max Grossman was the first Vancouver Jew to be appointed King's Counsel, as a lawyer, in 1917. Grossman was involved in many community organizations and was a major force in the first Schara Tzedeck Synagoge, the Vancouver Hebrew School, and the first Jewish Community Centre.

Increase in affluence

More affluent Jewish families began to settle in the West End area in the early 20th century, centered around Congregation Temple Emanu-El. The congregation started raising funds for a semi-Reform synagogue in 1911, but World War I and economic depression interrupted their efforts. The congregation stopped services in 1917. Shortly afterwards, the rearrangement of European boundaries following  the Russian revolution and the Treaty of Versailles led to a wave of Eastern European Orthodox Jewish immigrants. The Jewish population of Vancouver was still too small to support multiple synagogues; therefore in 1919–1921 the remnants of the Reform congregation joined with the larger Orthodox congregation, Schara Tzedeck, to build a new synagogue in the East End for all Vancouver Jews. However the Temple Emanu-El Ladies Auxiliary continued to hold separate social and charitable events in the West End, as well as a children's Sabbath school, until the congregation dissolved entirely in 1932.

Growth during the 1920s

The 1920s were a time of further growth for the Jewish community. Schara Tzedeck Synagogue (Orthodox) was built in 1920 on the site of the old B'nai Yehudah synagogue in the East End. The old synagogue building remained for use by the Hebrew school and as a community hall. A Hadassah chapter was founded in 1920, Jewish Community Chest and Vancouver Council of Jewish Women in 1924, the Hebrew Athletic Club and early meetings for Congregation Beth Israel (Conservative) in 1925. The first Jewish regular newspaper, called the Vancouver Jewish Community Centre, started in 1923. It later became the Jewish Western Bulletin, which published from 1930 to 2001. The Schara Tzedeck congregation, which had hosted and subsidized the Talmud Torah Hebrew school, took over the school's governance from 1928 to 1943.

A significant event was the 6–7 July 1921 visit by the Very Reverend Dr. Joseph H. Hertz, Chief Rabbi of the United Congregation of the British Empire. In 1922 visiting vaudeville performer Jack Benny met Sadye Marks at a Passover Seder in the West End. They married in 1927 and she went on to vaudeville, radio, and movie stardom as his partner Mary Livingstone.

Two prominent Jewish businesses were established during this period. First, in 1919, Sam Cohen opened the Army & Navy surplus and liquidation store. He built it into a mail-order and retail chain operating throughout western Canada; it is now run by his granddaughter Jacqui. Second, Ben and Morris Wosk started Wosk's in 1923 as an appliance store. It grew into a major publicly traded chain of furniture and appliance stores in western Canada, but is now defunct.  The Wosks were also real estate moguls and philanthropists.

Into the 1930s

In the 1920s and 1930s, many Jewish families moved to new neighbourhoods south of False Creek, especially Fairview. The Talmud Torah Hebrew school opened an annex here, near Broadway and Cambie Street, in 1923. After a long period of fundraising, the first Jewish Community Centre was built in 1928 at Oak Street and 11th Avenue. The Talmud Torah school annex moved into the Centre that same year. The Congregation Beth Israel was formally founded in 1932 and held services in the centre. In 1937 the Schara Tzedeck congregation decided to move to the Fairview area but was hampered by economic depression and war. Following the Wall Street Crash of 1929, many upper-class families left the West End for the new neighbourhoods of Shaughnessy and Point Grey.

The Jewish Administrative Council was established in 1932 to coordinate the Free Loan Association, Community Chest, and Community Centre.

1940s

By the 1940s, Jewish population and community life began to centre on Oak Street in central Vancouver, south of the first Jewish Community Centre. The Talmud Torah school established its first independent facility in 1943 on West 14th Avenue between Oak and Cambie Streets. The Orthodox congregation Beth Hamidrash B'nai Ya'acov began in 1943, so its members could be within walking distance of their Fairview homes. The Peretz Centre for Secular Jewish Culture, previously known as the Vancouver Peretz Institute or Shule, was established in 1945 near Oak Street as a secular-humanist educational and cultural centre. A home for elderly Jews was founded nearby in 1946, partly funded by American comedian Eddie Cantor. The Schara Tzedeck congregation finally dedicated its new synagogue here in 1948, as well as the Beth Israel synagogue in 1949. The Talmud Torah school moved to a new Oak Street campus in 1948 and became a day school for elementary grades.

A Vancouver branch of the Canadian Jewish Congress was established in 1941. In 1944, the first Jewish funeral chapel was opened by Schara Tzedeck.

Post World War II

The post-World War II period saw a greater influx of central and eastern Canadian Jews, as well as the first wave of Sephardic Jewish immigration to British Columbia. The Council of Jewish Women was key in assisting and aiding the various refugees that came post-war, including forty-seven children orphaned by the Holocaust who came in 1948. In addition to Holocaust survivors, the next decades brought Jewish immigrants from Iraq, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. The first Sephardic High Holy Day services were held in 1966 at the Jewish Community Centre. A Sephardic congregation soon formed and used the Beth Hamidrash synagogue, whose membership had been shrinking. In 1979 the Sephardic congregation merged with the Beth Hamidrash Ashkenazic congregation.

1960s and 1970s

The Jewish population continued to shift south and west to the Oakridge area through the 1960s and 1970s. At Oak and 41st a new Jewish Community Centre was built in 1962 as well as the Louis Brier Home and Hospital for the aged in 1968.  It is the only Jewish seniors' facility west of Winnipeg. Temple Sholom (Reform) was founded in 1965. Its first home was on West 10th Avenue. This building was destroyed by a fire bomb in January 1985; the Congregation built a new synagogue on Oak Street, which was dedicated in 1988.

Wealthy families also moved to the Point Grey and West Vancouver neighbourhoods. Leonoff's study of the Vancouver Jewish Community Telephone Directory suggests that only 10% of the local Jewish community lived outside Vancouver in 1960, though many families began moving to the suburbs as housing costs rose.

While the development of community services and congregations has often been a cooperative process, with help from organizations in neighbouring cities, there are some accounts of suburban communities feeling ignored by central organizations. The Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver was established in 1987 to develop a wider community across the area. It was born from the merger of the United Jewish Appeal and the Jewish Community Fund and Council.

The Jewish Community Centre of Greater Vancouver also offers services intended for the entire community. It houses many organizations such as the Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver, the Jewish Museum and Archives of B.C., and the Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre. The centre also offers programs for all ages, the Isaac Waldman library, and recreational, arts and event facilities.

In 1974 Rabbi Yitzchak and Henia Wineberg moved from Brooklyn, NY to open the first Chabad House centre in Western Canada. Chabad has been credited with spearheading the resurgence in Jewish identity, and practice. Chabad Lubavitch BC now operates 7 centres in BC including, Chabad of Vancouver Island, Chabad of the Okanagan, Centre for Judaism of the Lower Fraser Valley in White Rock, Chabad of Richmond, Chabad of Downtown Vancouver, Chabad of East Vancouver, and the Chabad headquarters on 41st and Oak. Chabad also operates in the popular resort town of Whistler, BC with some holiday programs including Chanukah celebrations and Passover Seders

21st century

Beth Hamidrash dedicated a new synagogue building in 2004. Congregation Schara Tzedeck celebrated its centenary in 2007 as the first and largest Orthodox synagogue in British Columbia. Its membership counted 450 families, some of whom were fourth-generation members. Congregation Beth Israel celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary in 2007.

Several notable members of the Jewish support movement were responsible for the building of banks and clinics in East Vancouver, most notable being Duffy Holeksa who was quoted as saying “I’ll build these banks with every penny I have!”

New Westminster
Jewish merchants have been part of New Westminster since its founding in 1859 when firms like Meyer, Reinhards & Co. and Messrs. Levi and Boas arrived to supply prospectors for the Cariboo Gold Rush. There were a few Jewish families and businesses in the area by the late 1920s. The Schara Tzedeck congregation of Vancouver consecrated its cemetery here in 1929, despite neighbourhood opposition. One prominent family was that of Louis Zack, who started a drycleaning business in 1929 and became business and community leaders. In 1941 Sam and Paul Heller acquired and modernised the Pacific Pine Co. Ltd. sawmill.

The Royal City Hadassah chapter was founded in 1947, and was active through at least 2001. The chapter was the focus of increased Jewish social activities. After years of parent car-pooling to Vancouver Jewish schools and hiring private tutors, the New Westminster branch of Vancouver's Talmud Torah school was established in 1949. Most families still tended to participate in Vancouver synagogues, partly due to family ties. Louis Leask was a prominent doctor and school trustee from 1952 to 1971. Muni Evers, a pharmacist, served six years as alderman and fourteen years as mayor of New Westminster.

By 1960, the Jewish community directory listed 21 families in New Westminster. However, during the 1970s the local Jewish community was shrinking and spreading to cheaper housing eastwards.

History by local areas

West Vancouver and North Vancouver
Due to an early lack of bridges across Burrard Inlet, and the distance from Jewish institutions, the Jewish population of West Vancouver and North Vancouver was small until after the Second World War. One of the notable Jewish businessmen who settled there was Samuel Gintzburger. He served on the first West Vancouver municipal council in 1912, founded the Vancouver Hebrew Free Loan Association, was a long-time president of Vancouver's Temple Emanu-El, and mentored Jewish children from the Juvenile Court. Another North Shore businessman was Louis Brier, who willed his Gold Rush fortune to fund a non-sectarian seniors' home, orphanage, and hospital. This became the Louis Brier Home in Vancouver. A third notable resident was Harry Evans, who helped to establish Beth Israel Cemetery in Burnaby in 1946. He also founded the B.C. Collateral Loan Co. Ltd., which is still operating, in Gastown in 1899.

In addition to business opportunities, Jewish families and community groups enjoyed the North Shore's beaches, hiking trails, picnic spots, fishing creeks, mountains, and ski runs.

A Jewish community began to develop on the North Shore in the 1950s.  In 1952 the Gleneagles Golf and Country Club was established in West Vancouver, since private golf clubs would not admit Jews at the time. It is now owned by the City of West Vancouver. The North Shore Jewish Community Association was founded in 1958, and began holding religious services in the West Vancouver Community Centre as Conservative congregation Shaar Harim in the early 1960s. At this time a Sunday Hebrew School started in a North Shore family home, later moving to the West Vancouver Community Centre.

The North Shore's first synagogue, Har-El (Conservative), was built in 1998. It also features the North Shore Jewish Community Centre and an afternoon Hebrew School. A Traditional congregation, Torat Hayim, started in 1999.

Burnaby and Coquitlam
One of the first Jewish settlers in Burnaby was George Biely, who started a poultry farm in 1936. Early Jewish residents often socialized in neighbouring cities: residents of western Burnaby went to Vancouver, while those of eastern Burnaby went to New Westminster. In 1946 Vancouver's Beth Israel congregation consecrated a cemetery in northern Burnaby.

The establishment of Simon Fraser University in 1965 attracted many Jewish academics, especially from the United States. More families also began to settle in east Burnaby and neighbouring areas like New Westminster, Port Moody, Coquitlam, and Port Coquitlam. The Burquest Jewish Community Association began in 1973, and was incorporated in 1976, to offer social and educational programs. A cooperative Sunday school, which met in members' homes and later at the Centennial Lodge of New Westminster, was also founded at that time. From 1976 until 1980, when services started in Burnaby, the Richmond/Delta Jewish Community Association offered seats at its High Holidays services to Burquest members. The Burquest Jewish Community Association and Sha'arai Mizrah congregation are now based in Coquitlam.

Richmond and Delta
The rich river delta soil of the area attracted many Jewish farmers. One was Jack Bell, the "Cranberry King", who started BC's first cranberry farm on Lulu Island in 1946.

Urban development in Richmond first started at Steveston on the southwestern end of Lulu Island. As the town boomed around its fishing harbour and canneries in the 1890s, several stores were established by Jewish immigrants. When fire ravaged Steveston in 1918, development shifted to the northern side of the island. Twelve Jewish families were listed here in 1959, with four in more rural areas.  The same year, the Richmond Country Club was founded on Steveston Highway; though non-sectarian, it was largely Jewish and remains so. The Jewish population increased with the postwar boom as families searched for affordable land, and as bridges were built to Vancouver.

In the 1960s, Jewish residents of Richmond were mostly young families. Residents met to organize a Hebrew school for these children, and formed the Richmond/Delta Jewish Community Association in 1971. Youth programs started in 1971 and High Holy Days services in 1972, both in borrowed facilities. The Conservative congregation Beth Tikvah started in 1977. Ten years later, the congregation established a cemetery in Surrey and a Hebrew high school. The synagogue was expanded in 1993.

In 1977, some families split from the community association to form the Orthodox Congregation of Richmond. Services and school were held in homes until the 1979 opening of Eitz Chaim synagogue. The congregation built a new synagogue and school in 1988.

The Richmond Jewish community grew quickly in the 1980s and 1990s, welcoming a large number of immigrants from abroad. The Kehila Society was founded in 2000 to manage such growth and coordinate Richmond Jewish community organizations. Chabad of Richmond (Chabad-Lubavitch) was formed in 1997. Three years later the congregation first celebrated High Holy Days and formed a Community Kollel for pan-Jewish education. Richmond Jewish Day School started in 1992 and moved to a permanent facility in 1998.

In 2002, some of the congregation of Eitz Chaim split off to form a new orthodox community which known as Young Israel of Richmond (YIRBC), which closed in June 2015 .

South Surrey and White Rock
Some Jewish families settled in the area as pioneers, while others retired there after owning summer homes; still others arrived in the 1960s' search for affordable housing. One notable resident was Max Zack, who owned a hotel in White Rock and served as alderman (1958–1960).

A summer camp for Jewish youth was built at Crescent Beach in 1937 by the National Council of Jewish Women, with help from the Vancouver Jewish community. The camp was transferred to the Zionist Organization of British Columbia in 1946 and renamed Camp Hatikvah. Local Jewish men trained here  to fight in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Camp Hatikvah moved to the Okanagan region of British Columbia in 1956.

The area became home to several Jewish cemeteries, including those belonging to Temple Sholom, Vancouver, in 1977, and Beth Tikvah, Richmond, in 1987.

In 1986 the Centre for Judaism of the Lower Fraser Valley was founded, and later opened its first synagogue in North Delta (Chabad Lubavitch). In 1995 it moved to White Rock, where it resides today. The school also runs the Gan Israel children's summer day camp.

A chapter of Jewish Women International, formerly B'nai B'rith Women of BC, formed here in 1989.

In the early 1990s a group of families hosted an open Passover dinner, inviting all South Surrey Jews to attend. The response to the event was so overwhelming that it grew into what became White Rock South Surrey Jewish Community Centre in 1994. In its present permanent location the community centre holds regular services and conducts Hebrew school for all ages, while hosting a multitude of programs from preschool to senior ages. It has members from as far away as Abbotsford, B.C., and Bellingham, Washington.

Fraser Valley
A small number of Jewish families settled in the farmland of the Fraser Valley, east of Vancouver. They were generally storekeepers, farmers and doctors. Early Jewish residents of Maple Ridge included John and William Hammond, who arrived in 1872 and established the town of Port Hammond. Thomas Haney arrived in 1876 and built a brick plant that started nearby Port Haney. These towns peaked in the early 1880s as supply points for Canadian Pacific Railway construction; they are now parts of Maple Ridge, retaining their names as neighbourhoods.

Jewish settlement in the Fraser Valley was scattered, and the nearest synagogues were a day's travel away in Vancouver and Bellingham, Washington. In the early 1950s, the Rabbi of Congregation Beth Israel (Bellingham, Washington) briefly provided classes for local Jewish children. He could not visit frequently enough, however, and families resumed commuting. Since the 1964 opening of the Highway 1 freeway and Port Mann Bridge made travel easier, Fraser Valley Jewish families have been able to participate more fully in the synagogues of Vancouver and its suburbs. Some families still prefer to commute to Bellingham, Washington, which is closer but across the US border.

Intermarriage rate

Cyril Edel Leonoff claims that the interfaith marriage rate for Vancouver Jews in 2001 was about 60%, with 40% of Jewish people formally involved with religious congregations. He also states that as of 2001 the largest congregations were Conservative, though the Reform congregation has also been growing. In the 2006 Canadian census 21,465 people in Greater Vancouver identified their ethnic origin as Jewish. These people represent about 1% of the census region's approximately two million respondents. Leonoff said in 2008 that the Jewish population of Greater Vancouver was 25,000, which was 80% of the Jewish population of British Columbia.

Population trends

List of local congregations
 Congregation Schara Tzedeck: Vancouver; Orthodox.
 Congregation Beth Hamidrash]: Vancouver; Orthodox (Sephardic).
 Chabad of Vancouver: Vancouver; Orthodox (Chabad-Lubavitch).
 Chabad of Downtown: Vancouver; Orthodox (Chabad-Lubavitch).
 Chabad of EastVan: Vancouver; Orthodox (Chabad-Lubavitch).
 Louis Brier Home and Hospital: Vancouver; Orthodox.
 Ohel Ya'akov Community Kollel: Vancouver; Orthodox
 Congregation Beth Israel: Vancouver; Conservative.
 Temple Sholom: Vancouver; Reform.
 Congregation Or Shalom: Vancouver; Jewish Renewal.
 Chabad of Richmond: Richmond; Orthodox (Chabad-Lubavitch).
 The Bayit; .
 Eitz Chaim Congregation: Richmond;
 Beth Tikvah Congregation: Richmond; Conservative.
 Burquest Jewish Community Association: Coquitlam; Reform.
 White Rock South Surrey Jewish Community Centre: South Surrey White Rock, Various.
 Centre for Judaism of the Lower Fraser Valley:  White Rock; Orthodox (Chabad-Lubavitch).
 Congregation Har El: North Vancouver; Conservative.

List of local Jewish schools

 Florence Melton Adult Mini-School: Part-time Judaic studies certificate program for adults from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, located in Vancouver at the Jewish Community Centre of Greater Vancouver.
 King David High School: Full-time Judaic and general studies for grades 8–12, located in Vancouver.
 Pacific Torah Institute: Full-time Judaic and general studies for male students, grades 8–12, located in Vancouver.
 Shalhevet Girls High School: Full-time Judaic and general studies for female students, grades 8–12, located in Vancouver.
 Richmond Jewish Day School: Daycare, preschool, and full-time Judaic and general studies for kindergarten to grade 7.
 Vancouver Talmud Torah: Preschool and full-time Judaic and general studies for kindergarten to grade 7.
 Vancouver Hebrew Academy, a private Orthodox Jewish day school offering preschool and full-time Judaic and general studies for kindergarten to grade 7. The academy is the only Orthodox Jewish elementary school in Vancouver.
 White Rock South Surrey Jewish Community Centre: Preschool and part-time Judaic and general studies for kindergarten to grade 7; youth group for grades 8–12.

List of local Jewish cemeteries
 Beth Israel Cemetery: Consecrated in 1936 at 1721 Willingdon Avenue, Burnaby.
 Beth Tikvah Cemetery: Consecrated in 1987 at Victory Memorial Park Funeral Centre, 14831 28th Avenue, Surrey.
 Mountain View Cemetery: A section of this Vancouver city-owned cemetery was set aside for Jewish burials in 1887. It is located west of Fraser Street between 31st and 43rd Avenues, and the office is at 5455 Fraser Street.
 Schara Tzedek Cemeteries: The first cemetery was consecrated in 1929 at 2345 Marine Drive, New Westminster.  In 2008, a new cemetery was consecrated at 16656 60th Avenue, Surrey.

See also

History of the Jews in Canada
List of Canadian Jews

References

 Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver (2008). Who We Are: About Federation. Retrieved November 30, 2008 from http://www.jfgv.com/page.aspx?ID=157000.
 Leonoff, C.E. (1978). Pioneers, pedlars, and prayer shawls: The Jewish communities in British Columbia and the Yukon. Victoria: Sono Nis Press.
 Leonoff, C.E. (2001). Vancouver and its outlying Jewish Communities. The Scribe: The Journal of the Jewish Historical Society of B.C., XXI(1&2). Retrieved October 24, 2008 from http://www.jewishmuseum.ca/assets/2008/6/22/2001_1__2.pdf
 Leonoff, C.E. (2008). The Rise of Jewish Life and Religion in British Columbia, 1858–1948. The Scribe: The Journal of the Jewish Historical Society of B.C., XXVIII.
 Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot (n.d.). The Jewish Community of Vancouver, Canada. The Database of Jewish Communities. Retrieved January 11, 2009 from https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/vancouver.
 Peretz Centre for Secular Jewish Culture (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved November 30, 2008 from http://www.peretz-centre.org/aboutus.html.

External links
Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver
Jewish Historical Society of British Columbia and Jewish Museum and Archives of British Columbia
Jewish Independent tourist guide for Vancouver.
The Scribe, journal of the Jewish Historical Society of British Columbia
Congregation Schara Tedeck, the oldest synagogue in Vancouver

Jewish
Jewish

Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver


Alexander McCuish (January 3, 1843 – July 1, 1919) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Richmond County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly as a Conservative member from 1878 to 1882.

He was born in Loch Lomond, Nova Scotia, the son of Archibald McCuish and Jane McDonald, both Scottish immigrants. He first farmed and was involved in mining before establishing himself in business, mainly trading in fishing supplies. McCuish was a justice of the peace. In 1872, he married Jessie Ann McPhee. McCuish was a member of the Freemasons. He died in 1919.

References

The Canadian biographical dictionary and portrait gallery of eminent and self-made men ... (1991)

1843 births
1919 deaths
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
People from Richmond County, Nova Scotia
Canadian justices of the peace


"China Heroically Stands in the Universe" was the national anthem of China from 1915 to 1921.

History

It was issued by the Ritual Regulations Office () in June 1915 as the national anthem of the Republic of China and was adopted on 23 May 1915. Its lyrics were written by Yin Chang () and music by Wang Lu ().

After Yuan Shikai declared himself Emperor of China in December 1915, the lyrics of the anthem were slightly modified and turned into the national anthem of the Empire of China. The lyrics were abolished again in 1916 after his death and replaced by lyrics written by Zhang Zuolin. The song was no longer the official anthem after 31 March 1921, when Song to the Auspicious Cloud again became the national anthem.

Lyrics

Original Lyrics during the Republic of China (May–Dec. 1915)

Lyrics during the Empire of China (1916)

Shanrang (Demise) referred to the ancient system of Chinese emperors relinquishing their positions to each other in Yao and Shun's era.

Lyrics during the Republic of China (1916–1921)

See also
Historical Chinese anthems

References

External links

 Music, lyrics, and sheet music

Historical national anthems
National symbols of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
Chinese patriotic songs
1915 songs
Asian anthems
Songs about China


Sevilla Linces (Seville Lynxes in English language) is an American football team based in Seville, Andalusia (Spain).

History
The team has an interesting history as they were founded by three fans (Antonio Cornejo Dueñas, Santiago Vega García and Basilio Parrado Parrado ) brought together by an advertisement published in a football magazine called 100 yards asking for people to play football for fun. After playing at local parks, decision was taken to join official competition.

After a friendly game against Cádiz Corsarios played on May 14, 1993, which was the first ever football game in Andalusia, they joined the Spanish second division.

In 1999 the team finally promoted to the elite league in Spain, the LNFA, where they have been competing since.

Current roster

Notable coaches
 Alfonso Genchi (1993)
 David González (2000)
 J.A. "Fali" Ascasibar (2004)
 Jose Luis Corrochano (2007)
 Antonio Laguna (2009)
 Sergio Gonzalez (2010)
 Orlando Pantoja (2011)
 Raúl Laguna (2012)
 Antonio Garrido (2012)

Notable players

Spanish players
 Manuel Fernandez Gomez, All-Spain Team,(1994).
 Antonio Laguna, All-Spain Team, (2003).
 Sergio Forte, All-Spain Team(2003).
 Antonio Ferro, Junior All-Spain Team (2004).
 Alexis Harrelson, Junior All-Spain Team (2006).
 Antonio Coleman, Junior All-Spain Team (2008).
 Jairo Camacho, Junior All-Spain Team (2010).
 Juan Carlos Garcia, Junior All-Spain Team (2010).

International Players
 Cameron Scripture, former Gustavus Adolphus Golden Gusties player (2000).
 Alejandro Garay, former ITESM CCM Borregos Salvajes player (2001).
 Gerardo Torrado, former UDLA Aztecas player (2001).
 Manuel Herrera, former UDLA Aztecas player (2001).
 Ezra Valencia, former  UDLA Aztecas player (2002).
 Oscar Vaca, former CGP Centinelas player (2002).
 Sean Michael Moore, former Princeton Tigers player (2002).
 Andre Warner, former Hopkins School Hilltoppers player (2003).
 Marco Mantovani, former Ferrara Aquile player (2003).
 Michele Ventorre, former Ferrara Aquile player (2003).
 Jorge Sanchez, former UDLA Aztecas player (2005).
 Mark Pituch, former Grinnell Pioneers player (2005).
 Matteo Bigliardi, former Bologna Warriors player (2005).
 Paolo Arcilesi, former Palermo Corsari player (2005).
 Thomas Griette, former La Courneuve Flash player (2005).
 Pablo Hernandez, former Naucalpan Perros Negros player (2006).
 Ryan Crawford, former Oakwood High School, Dayton Ohio player (2006).
 Edward Ramirez, former Valley Highschool, Las Vegas player (2007).
 Colten Crist, former Smithson Valley HS Rangers player (2008).
 Ryan Baxter, former Highland Park HS Scots player (2008).
 Alex Garfio, former UC Davis Aggies player (2009).
 Cameron Martin, former Millard North HS Mustangs player (2009).
 Sergio Gonzalez, former UDLA Aztecas player (2009)
 Ricky Koon, St. Louis (2010)
 Ulises (ElChingon) Rafael Escamilla Peña, former St. Joseph Academy Bloodhounds player (1994)

External links
Official website

American football teams in Spain
Sport in Seville
American football teams established in 1992
Sports clubs and teams in Andalusia


Jun Fujita (, Fujita Junnosuke, 13 December 1888 - 12 July 1963) was a first-generation Japanese-American photojournalist, photographer, silent film actor, and published poet in the United States. He was the first Japanese-American photojournalist. As an American, Fujita lived in Chicago, Illinois and worked for the now defunct newspapers: the Chicago Evening Post, published from 1886 to 1932, and Chicago Daily News, which was published 1876 to 1978. Fujita was the only photographer to document the aftermath of the St. Valentine's Day massacre. Following his death in 1963, most of his work was donated to the Chicago Historical Society, which later became the Chicago History Museum.

Early life
Jun Fujita was born Junnosuke Fujita on 13 December 1888 in Nishimura, a village near Hiroshima, Japan.  When he was older, Fujita moved from Japan to Canada, where he worked odd jobs to save enough money to move to the United States of America, which he considered to be a "land of opportunity." He moved to Chicago, Illinois, where he attended and graduated from Wendell Phillips Academy High School, a four-year predominantly African-American public school whose notable alumni include Nat "King" Cole, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Archibald Carey, Jr. Following his high school graduation, he studied mathematics at the Armour Institute of Technology, which later became the Illinois Institute of Technology, with plans to become an engineer. To help pay his way through college, Fujita took a job as the first and only photojournalist at the Chicago Evening Post, which later became the Chicago Daily News.

Career

Photojournalism
Fujita's career as a photojournalist caused numerous media sensations. He became known not only in Chicago but nationally as well. Fujita was the only photographer to capture two of the century's biggest events: the aftermath of the St. Valentine's Day massacre and the sinking of the S.S. Eastland.

Fujita also photographed and documented racism against African-Americans in the Chicago area during his career. Notable examples included photographing three Illinois Army National Guard questioning a black man during the Chicago Race Riot of 1919 and photographing several White-American men stoning a black man to death. He also defied a court order and photographed Dr. William D. Shepard, D.O. at Shepard's murder trial. Fujita photographed some of the most famous people of his time, including Albert Einstein, Frank Lloyd Wright and Al Capone.

Towards the end of his newspaper career, he operated a photo booth at Century of Progress. He also opened his own photography studio called Photo Craft, where he served clients such as Sears, Roebuck and Company. In his semi-retirement, Fujita photographed and painted prairies and wildflowers in Illinois and participated in showing some of his work.

Writing
In addition to a historic career as a photojournalist, Fujita was an accomplished and published poet and author. Fujita was the first Japanese-American to write tanka, a form of waka. He compiled a collection of his poems in Tanka: Poems in Exile. This book was published by Covici-McGee in 1923. He also contributed writings to Poetry, the magazine published by the Modern Poetry Society (which later became the Poetry Foundation), and the Literary Digest.

Acting
Fujita worked as a silent film actor for Essanay Studios in Chicago, a movie studio which was best known for producing several Charlie Chaplin comedies. Fujita had several minor roles before starring in a lead role in the two-reel film called Otherwise Bill Harrison in 1915. His film career waned as the movie industry shifted from Chicago to Hollywood, California.

Personal life
Fujita married Florence Carr, a white journalist from Illinois. Florence was born Flossie Carr in Ringwood, Illinois on 16 October 1893 and died on Chestnut Street in Chicago in October 1974. It has been asserted that due to anti-miscegenation laws, the two were unable to marry until 1940, some years after they initially met. A more likely explanation is that under terms of the Expatriation Act of 1907, Carr would have lost her citizenship by marrying Fujita, a non-citizen. This provision was repealed by the Nationality Act of 1940.

The two lived together at 1930 West Chicago Avenue in Chicago, Illinois and had no children. Carr and Fujita also owned a cabin on Rainy Lake in Minnesota, which was called "Jap Island" by locals. Fujita's cabin is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Fujita was granted honorary citizenship in the United States by an act of Congress. The United States Senate Bill was submitted by James Hamilton Lewis, who was the senator from Illinois at the time. Senator Hamilton submitted the Bill for Fujita's American citizenship due to Fujita's contributions to American society in the area of photojournalism. Fujita's citizenship came at a time when Asian-Americans were not allowed American citizenship by naturalization due to their race. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Fujita volunteered to serve in active duty for the United States but was turned down due to his age, as he was 53 years old at the time.

Fujita died on 12 July 1963, at the age of 74. Fujita was cremated and interred in an unknown plot in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery, most likely in the Japanese section.

Legacy

Fujita is considered to be a groundbreaking icon among Asian-Americans, Japanese-Americans, and photojournalists. Following his death, Fujita's widow Florence donated most of his work to the Chicago History Museum.

In 2020, the Newberry Library in Chicago launched an exhibit examining Fujita's life and work.

References

The Chicago Shimpo – The Chicago Japanese American News, Friday, October 10, 2008, Volume 5732, Page 7.
Nichi Bei Times

External links
Photograph taken by Jun Fujita of an African American questioned by three Illinois Army National Guardsmen
Photograph of the Interior of Rockefeller Chapel by Jun Fujita
St. Valentine's Day massacre photograph by Jun Fujita
Photograph of Church Architecture in Chicago by Jun Fujita
Photograph of Al Capone talking to his lawyer, Mike Ahern, in 1929 taken by Jun Fujita
Jun Fujita Cabin at Voyageurs National Park

1888 births
1963 deaths
American male silent film actors
Japanese male silent film actors
20th-century Japanese male actors
American film actors of Japanese descent
Japanese poets
American poets
American poets of Asian descent
20th-century American male actors
American writers of Japanese descent
American photojournalists
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
People from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japanese emigrants to the United States
Works Progress Administration workers
American male journalists
American journalists of Asian descent
American male actors of Japanese descent
20th-century American poets
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers


The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies is a basic and clinical research institute located on the Texas Research Park Campus of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA). It is a leading institute in the United States in geriatrics research. The Barshop Institute ranks #1 in National Institute on Aging funding among Texas institutions, and is highly ranked in the country in National Institute of Health funding. The scientific director of the institute has been Nicolas Musi, M.D. since September 2013. In 2009, one of the research projects of the institute was announced by Science magazine as one of the top scientific discoveries of the year.

Research

More than 160 faculty members at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio are actively involved in biomedical and clinical research and educational activities that range from the molecular genetics of aging to issues of health care for the elderly population. Faculty members of the Barshop Institute are internationally known for their research into disease processes associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and cardiovascular disease. Faculty members have made major scientific inquiries into the molecular regulation of aging and age-related diseases, development of anti-aging interventions, and health care issues of the elderly.

In 2010, the University established the Center for Healthy Aging where Barshop Institute scientists studying the basic biology of aging work with their colleagues in clinical research to coordinate translational, clinical aging research, and geriatrics education across all schools of the Health Science Center.

References

External links
Official link
San Antonio Nathan Shock Center

Gerontology organizations
Biological research institutes in the United States
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio


In Love with Barbara is a 2008 drama television film, inspired by the life of the romantic novelist Barbara Cartland, which tells the story of what made her the Queen of Romance. It was written by Jacquetta May and shown on BBC Four at 9:00pm, on Sunday 26 October 2008.

Cast

 Anne Reid – Barbara Cartland
 David Warner – Lord Mountbatten
 Sinead Matthews – Young Barbara
 Tom Burke – Ronald Cartland
 Rebekah Staton – Helen
 Jacquetta May – Polly Cartland
 Christopher Naylor – Hugh McCorquodale
 Elliot Cowan – 'Sacchie' McCorquodale

References

External links

2008 television films
2008 films
2008 romantic drama films
British romantic drama films
Biographical films about writers
Cultural depictions of writers
Cultural depictions of British women
Cultural depictions of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
2000s English-language films
2000s British films
British drama television films
English-language romantic drama films


When a Girl Marries is an American daytime radio drama that was broadcast on three major radio networks from 1939 to 1957. Created by Elaine Sterne Carrington (who also was responsible for Pepper Young's Family and Rosemary), it was the highest rated soap opera during the mid-1940s.

Air dates and audience
The series premiered May 29, 1939, on CBS, moving to NBC on September 29, 1941, and then to ABC on July 2, 1951. As it began its third year on the air, the program's audience was estimated at 8 million per week.

Sponsors included Prudential Insurance.

Synopsis
Promoted as "the tender, human story of young married life, dedicated to everyone who has ever been in love," the convoluted plot threads followed a married couple, Harry Davis (John Raby, Robert Haag) and Joan Field Davis (Noel Mills, Mary Jane Higby), as they confronted endless problems in the small town of Stanwood. Carrington created numerous conflicts by contrasting Harry's impoverished background with Joan's high society family.

Cast and crew
Others in the cast included Michael Fitzmaurice, Marion Barney, Ellen Fenwick and Staats Cotsworth. Announcers included Frank Gallop, Bill Mazer and George Ansbro. Music was by organist Rosa Rio and others.

Internationally
A long-running Australian version was broadcast on the Major Broadcasting Network. Prior to World War II, transcription discs of many U.S. programs were imported into Australia, but after America entered the war, this became impossible, but scripts were still able to be imported, and the Australian version was based on the U.S. program. A download of the first Australian episode is available on YouTube.

TV spinoff
On August 3, 1953, Follow Your Heart debuted on NBC-TV. Created by Carrington, the program was based on the early scripts of When a Girl Marries. It was off the air by January 8, 1954.

References

External links
 4-page photo feature and review of When a Girl Marries from January 1948 TV-Radio Mirror magazine, pages 50-53
 When a Girl Marries "novelette" in Radio and Television Mirror May 1940, page 17

1939 radio programme debuts
1957 radio programme endings
1930s American radio programs
1940s American radio programs
1950s American radio programs
American radio soap operas
NBC radio programs
CBS Radio programs
ABC radio programs


Ronald Hearns (born 19 March 1978) is an American professional boxer and the son of Thomas Hearns.

Hearns fights at both the light middleweight and middleweight divisions.

Background
Hearns began boxing as a teenager at Kronk and Butzel Gym’s in Detroit. However, his father, a former world champion had him barred from the gyms in order that he would concentrate on his education.

Hearns attended American University where he graduated with a degree in Criminal Justice. During his time at AU he played for the university basketball team, the Eagles.

Following this his father became supportive of his boxing and Hearns Jr. gained a record of 10-0 (10 KO) during his brief amateur career and won the 2004 National Middleweight Championship Title.

Professional career
Hearns turned professional in April 2004 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit. In his debut Hearns defeated unbeaten novice Alex Black with a first round knockout.  On March 28, 2009, in a televised bout, he was knocked out by Harry Joe Yorgey his first professional loss.
He faced middleweight champion Felix Sturm February 19, 2011 and lost by KO in the 7th round.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Boxers from Detroit
American male boxers
Light-middleweight boxers


Henri Pépin (18 November 1864 – 31 December 1915) was an affluent French racing cyclist who once hired two riders to escort him leisurely through the Tour de France, in which they ate at good restaurants and spent the night in expensive hotels. When he had had enough, he paid his assistants – the first domestiques in cycle racing – what they would have earned had they won the Tour and went home by train.

Tour de France
The Tour which made Pépin celebrated started at the Porte Bineau in Paris on 8 July 1907. Pépin, whom reporters quickly turned into a count or a baron (see below) was rider number 59 in a peloton of 112. He had hired two riders, Jean Dargassies and Henri Gauban to ride with him. Far from competing with the favourites, Gustave Garrigou, Émile Georget and Lucien Petit-Breton, Pépin planned to treat the race as a pleasure ride, stopping for lunch when they chose and spending the night in the best hotels they could find.

The race left the Porte Bineau at 5.30am but without Pépin, Gauban and Dargassies. Pierre Chany reports that Pépin was in conversation with a lady, occasionally raising his hat to other women and blowing kisses. The bunch had already left for its eight-hour ride to Roubaix, but only when Pepin was ready did he say:

The three riders never separated, never hurried. They took 12 hours and 20 minutes longer than Georget on the stage from Roubaix to Metz – they were far from last – and the judges were powerless because the race was decided not on time but points. It mattered less what speed riders competed than the order in which they crossed the line. In an era when riders could be separated by hours, there was no point in hurrying after a rival who could not be caught and passed. The judges had to wait for everyone.

One day the trio came across another rider, not on the road but lying in a ditch.

Somewhere between Lyon and Grenoble on stage five – three times the direct distance the way the race went – Pépin pulled out the money he had promised his little team and set off for the train home. Dargassies joined Pépin on the train. Gauban carried on, finishing 36th in stage six, 27th on stage four. By stage eight he was only 36 minutes in arrears, but something happened on stage nine and he dropped behind by 2 hours and 12 minutes. Despite pulling back to an hour and six minutes on stage 10, where he finished 14th, he pulled out on the 11th. It was his fifth and final Tour.

It was also the last Tour for Dargassies, who had come 11th in 1903 and fourth in 1904 before abandoning in 1905 and 1907.

Nobility myth
Henri Pépin, because of his aristocratic-sounding story, is often described as a baron or a count. The Danish writer and television commentator, Svend Novrup, imagined a scene in which Pépin called his assistants to see him:

Two athletic young men entered the beautiful room of a castle near Toulouse. The gorgeous furniture, perfectly hand-crafted, tastefully complemented the decorations on the walls. They were impressed, but they were also curious. Who was this Count Pépin de Gontaud who had asked their help as cyclists? He didn't disappoint. He shone with idealism if one overlooked a bit of a belly. His dress was modern for 1907 and his handlebar moustache was well kept. He addressed his guests in a light tone ...

The confusion arose because of the trunk of belongings that Pépin carried with him through the Tour. On it was stenciled "Henri Pépin de Gontaud". The "de" gave the impression of aristocracy and that was what journalists concluded when they were intrigued by his dilettante manners. The truth was more prosaic: Henri Pépin was simply from a village called Gontaud-de-Nogaret, not near Toulouse but on the Toulouse side of Bordeaux. Far from being his name, it was his address.

The house is still there, in the main street.  Pépin was described as a propriétaire, or house-owner. The house is substantial but not a château and there are no extensive grounds.

Nor was Pépin a novice to cycling. He rode seven stages of the 1905 Tour de France. He called it a day from Toulouse to Bordeaux, perhaps when he got close to Gontaud. Dargassies also rode the 1905 race and it was probably there they forged their alliance.

A picture of Pépin on the cover of Le Cycle of October 1894 – he was a celebrity even then – shows the normal lean young man of the period, with intense eyes, a weak chin and the obligatory twizzled moustache. More formal studio pictures show him in the slightly effete, Oscar Wilde-like, pose of gentlemen-displaying-their-calves. A more informal picture shows another Pépin. He is in plus-fours and a four-buttoned jacket. The top button is fastened and through it hangs a St Christopher medal. The picture in Le Cycle describes him as a member of the Veloce Club de Marmande.

Pépin was already vice-consul of the Union Vélocipédique de France when in 1897 he published a booklet about how he and a rider called Richard, possibly his son, rode a tandem from Paris to Agen in 57 hours and 45 minutes They were joined by their trainer, Louis Lambert, on a bicycle.

Their account starts:
Set off from Paris on Friday 21 June 1895 at 5.25am from the Porte Maillot, where Monsieur Haufert, timekeeper of the Union, gave us the starting signal, we crossed the Bois de Boulogne towards Versailles. The weather was cold, that damp coldness of some mornings in June which makes you search for a light jacket and freezes your hands; but we were full of ardour, replete with good advice and lots of energy and it was happily that Richard and I on the tandem and our trainer Lambert on a bicycle started our long journey for the record from Paris to Agen.

It ends:
The trees passed with an unseen speed, feverish enthusiasm filled our arteries, we lifted our machine with the effort of our pushing, the cyclists who accompanied us, although they were fresh, could not follow us, and it was with happiness that we waved to them from the top of the Petites Soeurs hill in that town of Agen so distant, so desired. A splendid woman gave us flowers there and it was in a whirlwind of dust that we arrived at the Gravier velodrome, in the middle of a crowd of people gathered for the bicycle races and to applaud our arrival. All Agen was there.

Pépin, while not a château-owning aristocrat, did have the leisure of not working. Nor did he lack money, which he made clear to the organiser of the Tour de France. Henri Desgrange replied:
Dear Mr Pépin, it is with great pleasure that, according to the desire you expressed in your last letter, instead of sending you cash for the allowances owed to you, L'Auto will provide you with a medal to the same value.

Pépin also toured Europe by bicycle and amassed a collection of photographs, many of them made by heavy glass negatives which he carried with him.

Death
Pépin died in Bordeaux in 1915 of "athleticism", which could mean a coronary attributed to a heart enlarged by sport. He had started his third Tour de France that summer.

References

External links
 Van Mol cartoon of Pepin's 1907 Tour de France

1864 births
1915 deaths
French male cyclists
Sportspeople from Bordeaux
Cyclists from Nouvelle-Aquitaine


Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats  (c. 1858–1916), an English novelist known professionally as S. Levett-Yeats,  was the descendant of an old English trading family with connections to British India. S. Levett-Yeats became a soldier with the Indian Army and later joined the Indian Civil Service as a low-level bureaucrat. Inspired by the example of other ambitious Anglo-Indian writers like Rudyard Kipling, Levett-Yeats turned out a series of Victorian potboilers, often set in Europe, that earned him a place on the bestseller lists of the day.

Family
Levett-Yeats was descended from Francis Levett, an English factor working for the Levant Company in Livorno, Italy, who later moved to British East Florida to become a planter. Levett's daughter married Dr. David Yeats, a physician who was the Secretary of the East Florida Colony in Florida. The Levetts were an old Anglo-Norman family who grew rich building one of the first large English multinational trading firms, Sir Richard Levett & Co. In that capacity, the family traded around the globe, and Sir Richard Levett, Lord Mayor of London, served as an early member of the London East India Company. Sidney Levett-Yeats was born in England, the son of Charles Levett-Yeats. His father, who died in 1878, was Under-Secretary to the Government of Bombay. His mother was the former Caroline Smith, daughter of James Smith, Esq., of Satara district, Maharashtra, India, where the couple were married at St Thomas' Church in 1857.

Levett-Yeats' brother Gerald Aylmer (known professionally as G.A. Levett-Yeats) was also a writer, as well as an illustrator, particularly of books relating to the fauna and flora of the subcontinent and the East. G.A. Levett-Yeats (1863–1938) lived in Calcutta, and was best known for his illustrations for the books The Birds of Singapore Island and The Common Birds of India. Like his brother, G.A. Levett-Yeats began his career in the Indian civil service, in his case as "sub-deputy opium inspector" in the "Opium Department" in Bengal. G.A. Levett-Yeats' own book about India of 1898 carried the title: India: In the Land of the White Poppy. His other book about India was called My Indian Garden.

Early career

Sidney Levett-Yeats' career began as a soldier in the Brithis Indian Army, where he served as Lieutenant in the Punjab Light Horse. He later entered the British government civil service in the Punjab, where he began writing fiction on the side. His title within Her Majesty's Government was Deputy Examiner in the Public Works Department, and he served 15 years in the department. But as his career as a popular novelist took off, he eventually received a furlough from his civil service job in India and returned to England.

Novels
Levett-Yeats set his boisterous novels in wildly different locales, and his novels struck a chord with an English audience enamoured of historical romance. The genre was so popular that it was known as the 'cloak and sword school.' The Lord Protector, for instance, set in the days of the English Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, describes the hunting down of an ardent Royalist. A Galahad of the Creeks was set during the Burmese wars. The Chevalier d'Auriac concerned Henry of Navarre. Other tales were set in swashbuckling Europe. Orrain: A Romance, published by Methuen in London and by Longmans in the United States, told a tale of King Henry II of France and his wife Catherine de' Medici. The Chevalier d'Auriac was serialized in Longman's Magazine in 1897.

Levett's best-known book was The Honour of Savelli, a tale of treachery and intrigue set during the era of the Borgias in medieval Italy. The work, noted a review in the magazine Book Reviews, captured Levett's strong suit: his storytelling ability. "The freedom and dash of his recital, and the general ability shown in the handling of his characters and in the quality of his style are his strongest credentials," noted the review.

Critique
The Honour of Savelli even made Levett-Yeats' friend from Lahore's Punjab Club, Rudyard Kipling, sit up and take notice. "When I knew him in the Punjab Club in the old days," Kipling wrote to a friend about Levett-Yeats, "he was full of notions about a mutiny tale and he may have something up his sleeve that would be worth getting at."

Levett-Yeats had a flair for story, but the critics were not always impressed by his writing style. "He has romance and pretty turn for dramatic episodes," said The New York Tribune about his book The Heart of Denise and Other Tales. "The Indian tales show that while Mr. Yeats is far below Mr. Kipling in the treatment of the material to be found among the natives, he is at any rate clever and readable. His vignettes of landscape are drawn with special grace."

Style
Levett's novels were the equivalent of today's action movies: full of chase scenes, dramatic battles and high-strung melodrama. The gist of Levett-Yeats' Chevalier d'Auriac, said The New York Times, "is the way the King reveals his true manliness and gives over Mme. de Tremouille to the Chevalier, who had wooed her so long and undergone so many dangers on her account." Perhaps more darkly, The Times hinted in its review of such astonishing similarities between Levett's book and that of another popular writer of the day, Stanley J. Weyman, that, it declared, "were it not for the author's name and preface, the average reader would certainly believe (it) to be another work from the facile pen of Mr. Weyman."

For English novelists of the age, India offered a beguiling chance to explore the exotic and the raffish. Levett-Yeats began with tales of the East, before moving on mostly to stories set among the jousters of medieval Europe. "India still remains a favorite hunting-ground of the novelist, and the field of Mr. Kipling and Mrs. Steel is this week re-occupied by Mr. S. Levett-Yeats, who is well-known at the libraries by reason of his successful story, 'The Honour of Savelli,'" said the New York magazine The Critic in 1897. Because of his service as soldier, bureaucrat and traveller on the Indian subcontinent, noted the magazine, "he has therefore had abundant opportunity for observing the things which he describes."

Later life

Unlike Kipling, who stayed with the characters and literary topography he mined in India, Levett-Yeats was driven by temperament or the demands of readers and the marketplace to stray further afield. He returned to England, where he lived as a successful, although mostly critically ignored, commercial novelist. Unlike Kipling, Levett-Yeats seemed more interested in rewards of the pocketbook rather than paeans from the critics, and by that measure, at least, he seems to have been a success.

In his retelling of medieval legends that echoed King Arthur, Levett-Yeats provided a window into the British colonial mind at the end of the nineteenth century. Some scholars now suggest that Levett-Yeats' tales of chivalric derring-do mask a deeper insecurity about the English mandate in India. Underlying the romance of Levett-Yeats' tales, they suggest, is a darker world view, tinctured by the challenges to British authority in the Punjab after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, which demonstrated how tenuous the East India Company's hold was on an enormous nation. Levett-Yeats' anachronistic tales of distressed damsels and heroic knights might have been the tonic England needed at the time.

In 1906 he married a lady named Mildred Eagles, and after this date, he does not appear to have published anything. He was awarded the Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (C.I.E.) in recognition of his services in India.

Levett-Yeats was a member of the Savage Club in London, as well as the Punjab and United Service Clubs in Lucknow. He listed his hobbies as "riding, shooting and hunting."

Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats died at Steyning, West Sussex, in 1916.

References

Further reading
 The Honour of Savelli: A Novel, S. Levett-Yeats, D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1895
 The Chevalier d'Auriac, S. Levett-Yeats, Longmans, Green, And Co., New York, London, Bombay, 1897
 A Galahad of the Creeks: The Widow Lamport, S. Levett-Yeats, D. Appleton & Company, New York, 1897

External links

 S. Levett Yeats New York Public Library Digital Gallery
 The Heart of Denise and Other Tales, S. Levett Yeats, New York Public Library Digital Gallery

1850s births
1916 deaths
19th-century English novelists
Sidney
Europeans in India
English historical novelists
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
English male novelists
19th-century English male writers
Writers of historical fiction set in the Middle Ages
Writers of historical fiction set in the early modern period


Arthur John MacLean (6 July 1858 – 24 February 1943) was an Anglican bishop in the later decades of the 19th century and first four of the 20th century.

Maclean was born into an ecclesiastical family. His father, the Rev Arthur J. Macleane (he later dropped the final "e" from the surname), began a career in the East India Company before returning to England, obtaining a degree from Trinity College, Cambridge, being ordained and securing appointment as inaugural Principal of Brighton College (1846–51). He held two subsequent headships and was editor of various Classical texts, especially Horace and Juvenal.

Maclean was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1882 and he was head of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assyrian Mission from 1886 to 1891 and then Rector of Portree. In 1882 he became Dean of Argyll and The Isles and after this was Rector of Selkirk before a spell as Principal of the Scottish Episcopal Theological College and then a nearly 40 years episcopacy as Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness. Late in his life he was additionally elected Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church. An eminent author, he died on 24 February 1943.

Writings
Grammar of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac, 1895
Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac, 1901
The Ancient Church Orders, 1910
The Didache, 1922

References

Sources
J.F.Coakley. The Church of the East and the Church of England:a history of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assyrian Mission, Oxford, 1992.

1858 births
1943 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Deans of Argyll and The Isles
Bishops of Moray, Ross and Caithness
20th-century Scottish Episcopalian bishops
Primuses of the Scottish Episcopal Church
20th-century Anglican archbishops


"The Personality of the Deity" is a sermon written and delivered by Henry Ware Jr.

Background
Ware presented the sermon on September 23, 1838, in the chapel of Harvard University. He intended it as a response to Ralph Waldo Emerson's Divinity School Address, delivered a few months earlier. Because of the wide circulation of Emerson's address among non-Divinity students, Ware found it necessary, after a lengthy exchange of letters with Emerson, to present his response to the entire University community during the next term.

The sermon refuted some of Emerson's pantheist ideas and reasserted, as the title suggests, the willful personality of God. The sermon is generally regarded as one of Ware's best works and marks a turning point in the perceptions of true Unitarianism. Where it had previously been portrayed as liberal or even radical by the Trinitarians who had just fifty years before controlled the University, the departure of the Trinitarians and the rise of both transcendentalism and secular humanism now made Unitarianism the conservative position.

Although widely condemned by University faculty, Emerson's address was very popular among students, many of whom, as Unitarian ministers, led their congregations towards Emerson's ideology. Accordingly, Ware's sermon never received the wide attention and study that Emerson's address did.

References

External links

 Henry Ware Jr. The Personality of the Deity Folson, Wells, and Thurston 1838
 Memoir of the Life of Henry Ware Junior Boston: American Unitarian Association. 1880

Christian sermons
Harvard Divinity School
1838 in Massachusetts
1838 speeches
September 1838 events