Luanda is a market town in the Vihiga County of Kenya, located along the Kisumu-Busia highway. It was one of the administrative divisions in Emuhaya district between 2007 and 2009. Luanda has grown  over the past ten years with several banks, and supermarkets establishing within the locality. Luanda serves as the main town for Emuhaya and Luanda subcounties. The predominant tribe in Luanda are the Banyore people.

Geography

Luanda is located a few kilometers from the Equator at Maseno, its geographical coordinates being 0° 0' 0" North, 34° 35' 0" East. , The town has a population of 13,319 people and is a significant business point in Bunyore.

Elevation is 1501 m.

Transport

It is also a transit point for road travellers connecting to various towns in Western Kenya. Major bus routes via Luanda include the Luanda-Maseno-Kisumu, Luanda-Siaya, Yala-Busia, Maseno-Kisumu, Ebwiranyi-Kombewa, Luanda-Emusire, Esiandumba-Akala-Bondo, Kima-Vihiga, Luanda-Kakamega, Mwichio-Emusire and Luanda-Yala through Es'saba, HaBuchichi and Ebuyangu.

See also
 Railway stations in Kenya

References

Vihiga County
Populated places in Kenya


Gintaras Januševičius (born 16 January 1985) is a Lithuanian pianist, music educator, event producer, radio presenter, and philanthropist. He is renowned for narrative recitals and original interpretations; particularly that of Rachmaninoff, Chopin, Beethoven, and Shostakovich. His repertoire also includes numerous works of Lithuanian composers, partially dedicated to or premiered by him.

Biography

Education

Gintaras Januševičius was born in Moscow into the family of Lithuanian trumpeter Algirdas Januševičius and Tatar–Jewish composer Nailia Galiamova. The family left Moscow in 1987 and moved to Klaipėda. Gintaras began his musical training at the age of 4 at the Eduardas Balsys School of Arts in Klaipėda. In 1993 family decided to move to capital Vilnius, where his father was appointed the principal trumpeter at the Lithuanian State Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Gintaras Rinkevičius. Januševičius then entered the National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art.

He took his first piano lessons with Valentina Potejenko in Klaipėda. Later he was taught by Valė Kulikauskienė (1993–1998) and Jurgis Bialobžeskis (1998–2003) at the National M.K. Čiurlionis School or Arts in Vilnius. After graduating in 2003, Januševičius entered the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Drama to study with Bialobžeskis. In 2004 he moved to Hanover, Germany where his professor was Vladimir Krainev. After his death in 2011 Januševičius joined the piano class of professor Bernd Goetzke at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover.

Since 2001 he also had lessons with numerous famous pianists, most notably with Lazar Berman and his wife Valentina, Naum Shtarkman, Malcolm Bilson, Jurgis Karnavičius, among others.

Notable recitals

Gintaras Januševičius made his orchestra debut at the age of 15, performing Capriccio Brillante of Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy with the Lithuanian State Symphony Orchestra under direction of Vytautas Lukočius. Same month, he entered a Great Hall of Moscow Conservatoire to perform Piano Concerto No. 23, K. 488 of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Januševičius rose to fame in May 2004, after the performance at the semi-finals of the Montreal International Musical Competition. His interpretation of Études-Tableaux Op. 39 by Rachmaninoff was publicly praised by pianists Jean-Philippe Collard, Akiko Ebi, Michel Dalberto, Lee Kum-Sing, etc. Christophe Huss of Classics Today wrote in his article:

Gintaras Januševičius glides, like an albatross. His semi-final and final performances were rare revelations for me; they fall outside the scope of competition <...> because they are neither rankable nor quantifiable. All eyes were on Januševičius after the semi-finals, on which he had left his imprint as a kind of apparition from another place, notably with his performance of Rachmaninoff's Études-tableaux Opus 39. <...> We saw him shake up the rhythms, moving forward, straight as a pin, with the simplicity of the master and the vitality of the young man he is. Never is it used for effect, never does the left hand try to gain the upper hand.

Up to the date, Januševičius has performed with over 30 orchestras, including Montreal Symphony Orchestra, Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra, Lithuanian National Philharmonic Orchestra, Lithuanian State Symphony Orchestra, Shenzhen Symphony Orchestra, Estonian National Symphony Orchestra, Ural Philharmonic Orchestra, etc. and visiting famous halls, like Palau de la Música Catalana in Barcelona, Auditorio Nacional de Música in Madrid, Residenz Würzburg, Shenzhen Concert Hall, Salle Cortot in Paris etc. His solo recitals were organized across Germany and Lithuania, as well as New York City, Rio de Janeiro, London, Paris, Zürich, Warsaw, and others. He participated in famous festivals, including The International Chopin Piano Festival in Duszniki-Zdrój, Besançon International Music Festival, Braunschweig Classix, Mozart Festival Würzburg, Dresdner Musikfestspiele etc. He performed Lithuanian premieres of piano concertos by Aram Khachaturian and Leroy Anderson, in addition to numerous solo and chamber music premieres.

Since 2013 Januševičius' main focus shifted to narrative piano solo recitals. He started combining music, narration, programming, and theater elements in his performances. His most notable programmes up to date were "Dreamcatcher" (2014), "Complete Waltzes by Chopin" (2015), and "The New Colossus" (2019), celebrated by audiences and critics in New York, Rio de Janeiro, Berlin, and other cultural centers of the world.

Repertoire

Gintaras Januševičius is a notable Rachmaninoff scholar, having performed his complete works for piano solo. Other of his most performed solo works include Pictures at an Exhibition by Mussorgsky, Six Pieces for Piano, Op. 118 by Brahms, Dante Sonata by Liszt, "Waldstein" and "Moonlight" sonatas by Beethoven, Preludes, Op.34 by Shostakovich, complete Scherzi, Ballades, and Waltzes by Chopin, own arrangement of the Rhapsody in Blue by Gershwin etc. He performed piano concertos by Mozart, Beethoven, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Gershwin, Shostakovich, Khachaturian, Ravel, Martinu etc. As an accomplished performer of the contemporary music he collaborates with composers like Jörg Widmann, Victoria Poleva, Ladislav Kupkovič, Nailia Galiamova, Derek Woods, and many others.

Recordings

Januševičius' solo performances are never found on audio CDs, as he believes that without his narration and timing, performances lose a great deal of their artistic uniqueness. Numerous live performances of his can be found on his own website as well as the YouTube channel.

His sole recorded CD up to date was "Window to Lithuania" alongside the violinist Dalia Dėdinskaitė and the cellist Gleb Pyšniak for the "Ars Lituanica" label. The recording consists of rarely performed works for piano trio by Lithuanian composers Čiurlionis, Dvarionas, Šenderovas, among many others. His performance of the Piano Concerto No. 1 by Tchaikovsky also appears on the Double CD "V Tarptautinio M. K. Čiurlionio konkurso laureatai" (2007) on the "LMIC" label.

Teaching

Since 2009 Januševičius taught open master classes in Japan, China, Brazil, Switzerland, Germany, and United Kingdom, among other countries. Since 2017 he serves as the artistic director and professor of piano at both "Feuerwerk" piano academy in Einbeck and "Klaipėda Piano Masters" summer festival in Klaipėda. In 2020 he joined the teaching staff of the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover. He also mentors exceptionally talented pupils in his private piano studio in Hanover.

Personal life

Januševičius lives in Hanover together with his wife Brigita, whom he married in August 2015. In January 2021 the couple welcomed their first son Vincent, in December 2022 daughter Gabriele was born.

Since September 2021 Januševičius co-hosts radio show "Bazinis Akordas" on the Lithuanian National Radio and Television classical channel LRT Klasika.

References

External links and references

 Official Website

 Klaipėda Piano Masters

1985 births
Living people
Lithuanian classical pianists
Musicians from Klaipėda
Musicians from Vilnius
21st-century classical pianists
Lithuanian people of Uzbekistani descent


Princess Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate (18 April 1622 – 11 February 1709) was a painter and abbess. She was a daughter of Frederick V of the Palatinate, the "Winter King" of Bohemia, and Scottish princess Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James VI and I. She is also known for her romantic involvement with the Marquess of Montrose.

Early life
Born in April 1622, Louise Hollandine was born at the Hague Palace in Holland, as her father was living in exile at the court of his uncle, Maurice, Prince of Orange. She was his sixth child and second daughter by his wife Princess Elizabeth Stuart, eldest daughter of King James VI and I of England and sister of King Charles I. Her parents had lost their Electoral lands and the crown of Bohemia, resulting in exile. She was given the name Hollandine to show appreciation to Frederick's uncles, the Princes of Orange, for protecting the family in exile.

She studied primarily in Leiden at the 'Prinsenhof', and reportedly began drawing lessons at age six, and became devoted to portraiture. She was taught in the Calvinist tradition according to the Heidelberg Catechism.

Montrose romance
Louise is said to have had a love-affair with James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (originally Earl of Montrose), a Scottish Cavalier soldier and poet. Montrose, a revered national hero, won many outstanding military victories until ultimately being hung, drawn and quartered in 1650.

Conversion

For unknown reasons and to the dismay of her Protestant family, in December 1657 Louise fled to France with the assistance of her aunt by marriage Henrietta Maria of France and converted to the Roman Catholic faith. On 25 March 1659 she became a novice and on 19 September 1660 a nun in the Cistercian Maubuisson Abbey. With the support of King Louis XIV, she became Abbess of Maubuisson in August 1664. Her mother Elizabeth Stuart attempted to have Louise arrested and returned, and her conversion created lifelong animosity. Louise Hollandine was the only child to be left out of Elizabeth Stuart's will. Her brother Edward supported her conversion, as he had converted to Catholicism and lived in France as well.

Painting
Louise Hollandine was a talented portrait painter and graphic artist, a talent that she shared with her brother, Prince Rupert. She was student of Gerard van Honthorst and painted so ably in his style that some of her works were attributed to him.

As abbess, she continued painting and used her abbey's wealth and her family's lineage to make charitable donations to English Benedictine nuns, including a Madonna and Child painting she created in 1691, which was hung in the Lady Chapel.

As a painter, the princess is considered an "amateur". The portraits she painted are often in the Baroque style of Honthorst, but there are exceptions, which were likely not commissioned. Her works were generally kept within her family, and some can now be found in German museums.

Ancestry

References

External links

|-

Louise
German Baroque painters
17th-century German painters
Artists from The Hague
German Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism
1622 births
1709 deaths
Louise Hollandine
Louise Hollandine
17th-century women from Bohemia
17th-century people from Bohemia
17th-century German women
17th-century German people
German women painters
French Roman Catholic abbesses
17th-century French nuns
Daughters of kings


The People's Party ( / Narodna partija) was a political party in Serbia. It was founded and led by the former Mayor of Novi Sad and former Serbian Radical Party member Maja Gojković.

The party previously intended to take part in the next election together with the Democratic Party of Serbia and New Serbia. In 2010 the party left the populists and together with several other parties, formed the United Regions of Serbia, a broad coalition of regional parties.

The People's Party participated in the 2012 parliamentary elections as part of the United Regions of Serbia coalition, and received 2 seats in the National Assembly. The party was expelled from the URS after it separately entered negotiations with the Democratic Party.

On 3 December 2012 the party merged into the Serbian Progressive Party and ceased to exist. However, some local councils headed by Nebojša Korać opposed this decision, and controversially continued receiving finances proportional to the party's original electoral result, even though both MPs had left the party.

References

External links
Former website

Conservative parties in Serbia
Eastern Orthodox political parties
Political parties established in 2008
2008 establishments in Serbia
Defunct political parties in Serbia


The 1996 BMW Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Munich in Germany and was part of the World Series of the 1996 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 29 April through 5 May 1996. Unseeded Ctislav Doseděl won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Ctislav Doseděl defeated  Carlos Moyá 6–4, 4–6, 6–3
 It was Doseděl's 1st title of the year and the 2nd of his career.

Doubles

 Lan Bale /  Stephen Noteboom defeated  Olivier Delaître /  Diego Nargiso 4–6, 7–6, 6–4
 It was Bale's only title of the year and the 4th of his career. It was Noteboom's only title of the year and the 2nd of his career.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official website
 ATP tournament profile

BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships


Malaysia has a high commission in Dhaka and Bangladesh has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Developing 8 Countries and the Non-Aligned Movement. Malaysia was one of the first countries to recognise the independence of Bangladesh in 1971.

Two-way trade between the two countries stood at US$1.19 billion in 2012. Malaysia is also one of the largest foreign investors in Bangladesh.

History
Historically, Portuguese records point to a large number of wealthy Bengali merchants and shipowners residing in the Malacca Sultanate. It is unclear if these merchants were envoys of the Sultan of Bengal. Between 1830 and 1867, Penang was part of the administrative jurisdiction of the Bengal Presidency in the British Empire.

On 24 February 1972, Malaysia, along with its neighbour Indonesia, recognised the independence of Bangladesh, being among the first Muslim countries to do so. In 1999, the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad visited Bangladesh and in 2000, the Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina visited Malaysia. Both visits opened up new vistas of co-operation and ensured the continuing export of skilled manpower from Bangladesh to Malaysia.

In 2021, an investigation by an Al Jazeera investigation unit revealed that convicted criminals from Bangladesh with connection to prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, were freely living in Malaysia under fake names and passports.

Labour issues
In 2007, Malaysia banned the imports of Bangladeshi workers into the country after hundreds of them were stranded at an airport because their employers had failed to collect them promptly. This ended in a demonstration in Kuala Lumpur by Bangladeshi workers demanding payments and better working conditions, but was later resolved by both governments. The Malaysian government also placed a similar restriction in 1999 but lifted the ban in 2007 by approving an initial intake of 300,000 workers. There were also cases of Bangladeshi workers committing crimes, including rape and theft. Between 2009 and 2012, Malaysia had stopped hiring workers from Bangladesh but there are still many of the labours enter the country illegally. Until 2013, there are around 320,000 Bangladeshis working on many sectors in the country.

In 2014, the Malaysian cabinet decided to open all sectors apart from plantations in the Malaysian economy for Bangladeshi workers to work.

Economic relations
The bilateral relations between the two countries also enhance the economic sector. In 2012, a memorandum of understanding was signed by both countries to collaborate in the construction of the Padma Bridge, which became the largest bridge in Bangladesh once it was finished. A free trade agreement has also been proposed for both countries to boost the pharmaceutical, garment and tourism sectors of Bangladesh, and infrastructure in Malaysia. Malaysia is also the third largest investment partner in Bangladesh after India and Pakistan, with the Malaysian companies investing in the sectors of telecommunications, power generation, textile and financial sectors which have a combined worth of around MYR558.86 million. Since 2010, Bangladeshi workers in Malaysia have sent home a total of MYR3 billion, which is the highest compared with other workers from Indonesia (MYR2.9 billion), Nepal (MYR1.9 billion), India (MYR625 million) and the Philippines (MYR561 million). The top 5 Malaysian exports to Bangladesh are refined petroleum products, palm oil, chemical products, iron, steel, and electronics, while the major Bangladeshi exports are textiles, apparel, refined petroleum products, vegetables, processed food, seafood, and electronics.

See also
 Bangladeshis in Malaysia

References

Malaysia
Bilateral relations of Malaysia
Malaysia
Bangladesh


Richard Duke Coleridge, 4th Baron Coleridge  (24 September 1905 – 20 May 1984) was a captain in the Royal Navy and served as the first Executive Secretary of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from 1952 to 1970.

Biography
Coleridge was the son of Geoffrey Coleridge, 3rd Baron Coleridge of Ottery St. Mary and Jessie Alethea Mackarness. He married Cecilia Rosamund Fisher, daughter of Admiral Sir William Wordsworth Fisher, on 28 August 1936. Coleridge was educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne, Isle of Wight and at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon, in England. In 1926 he was promoted to sub-lieutenant with seniority, and in 1936 to lieutenant-commander. He served in World War II and was with the War Cabinet Office between 1940 and 1941.

He was with the Joint Staff Mission to Washington, D.C. in 1941, and was Deputy Secretary to the British Joint Staff and Combined Chiefs of Staff between 1942 and 1945. Coleridge was invested as an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1944. He was decorated with the United States Legion of Merit on 27 November 1945. He was U.K. Secretary to the Military Staff Committee of the United Nations between 1946 and 1948, and was Secretary to the British Joint Services Mission to Washington, D.C. in 1948. He was Chief Staff Officer to Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Lord Tedder.  He was invested as a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1951. He was promoted to captain in the Royal Navy in 1952.

Coleridge succeeded to the title of 4th Baron Coleridge of Ottery St. Mary on 27 March 1955. He was invested as a Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1971. He was the first Executive Secretary of NATO from 1952 to 1970. He was Chairman of the Devon and Exeter Savings Bank between 1971 and 1975. He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant of Devon in 1973. He was chairman of the Trustee Savings Bank between 1975 and 1984. His wife died in 1991 at age 81.

References

External links
Coleridge on the Peerage.com
Coleridge in the NATO Archives
Commander Coleridge at the Chiefs of Staff Conference, 29 December 1941
Coleridge in the Harry S. Truman Library Archive

1905 births
1984 deaths
Royal Navy officers of World War II
Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit
British bankers
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Richard
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne


Malaysia–Saudi Arabia relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, while Malaysia has a High Commission in Riyadh and a consulate general in Jeddah. Relations, both diplomatic and economic, are quite close between the two Muslim-majority Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) members.

History
The relations between both countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations in the early 1960 is based on mutual respect and work to develop relations in all fields. Saudi Arabia opened its embassy in Kuala Lumpur on 1961 along with the opening of Malaysian embassy in Riyadh. Since then, the relations are good. Saudi Arabian King Faisal made his first royal visit to Malaysia in the summer of 1970. This was followed by the visit of King Abdullah at the end of January 2006 aimed to discover the new area for co-operation. In early 2017, King Salman visited Malaysia to increase the economic ties between both countries. Following his visit, the King also received his honorary Doctor of Letters from University Malaya and an honorary doctorate of Philosophy in Political Science from the International Islamic University of Malaysia.

In March 2021, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia signed three agreements, the first included the minutes of the establishment of the Saudi-Malaysian Coordination Council, the second dealt with the arrival of pilgrims, and the third was a memorandum of understanding in the field of Islamic affairs.

Economic relations
Saudi Arabia is the second largest Middle East trading partner for Malaysia with 60% of Malaysia's total exports to Saudi Arabia comprising palm oil and other palm-based agricultural products, machinery, equipment and parts, processed food and electrical and electronic products. Until 2016, more than 100,000 Saudis have visited Malaysia with bilateral trade reach more than RM13.2 billion. In 2017, Saudi Aramco has signed a $7 billion deal for a 50% stake in a mega Malaysian oil refinery project in Johor with Petronas. Another seven memorandum of understanding (MOUs) in construction, halal co-operation, aerospace and hajj services was signed in the same year with an estimated total value of about RM9.74 billion.

Security relations
In 2015, Saudi Arabia put Malaysia as part of the Islamic Military Alliance (IMA) to curb the rampant Islamic terrorism.

In 2018 Malaysia announced it will withdraw its troops stationed in Saudi Arabia. to reflect the country's neutrality in the region.

References

Saudi Arabia
Bilateral relations of Saudi Arabia


The Strange Countess () is a 1961 West German crime film directed by Josef von Báky and starring Lil Dagover, Joachim Fuchsberger and Marianne Hoppe. It is based on Edgar Wallace's 1925 novel of the same title, and is part of a long-running series of Wallace adaptations produced by Rialto Film.

It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. Location shooting took place at the Schloss Ahrensburg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Helmut Nentwig.

Cast
 Lil Dagover as Lady Leonora Moron (title role)
 Joachim Fuchsberger as inspector Michael 'Mike' Dorn
 Brigitte Grothum as Margaret Lois Reedle
 Marianne Hoppe as Mary Pinder
 Rudolf Fernau as Dr. Tappatt
 Richard Häussler as Chesney Praye
 Edith Hancke as Lizzy Smith
 Eddi Arent as Lord Selwyn 'Selly' Moron
 Fritz Rasp as solicitor Shaddle
 Reinhard Kolldehoff as Oliver Frank aka John Addams
 Alexander Engel as patient
 Klaus Kinski as Bresset
 Albert Bessler as prison warden Duffon (uncredited)

Release
The FSK gave the film a rating of 16 years and older, not suitable for public holidays. The film premiered on 8 November 1961 at the Capitol in Trier.

References

Bibliography
 Bergfelder, Tim. International Adventures: German Popular Cinema and European Co-Productions in the 1960s. Berghahn Books, 2005.

External links

1961 films
1960s mystery films
1960s crime thriller films
German mystery films
German crime thriller films
West German films
1960s German-language films
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Josef von Báky
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films set in psychiatric hospitals
Films produced by Horst Wendlandt
Films set in England
Constantin Film films
Films shot at Tempelhof Studios
1960s German films


The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Republic of Yemen is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Yemen, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Sana'a.

Operations at the British Embassy in Sana'a were temporarily suspended on 11 February 2015 due to the deteriorating security situation which preceded the Yemeni Civil War. The ambassador and his team are currently based in Saudi Arabia and Jordan.

Ambassadors

Ambassadors to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen)
1970–1972: Arthur Kellas
1972–1975: Granville Ramage
1975–1983: No ambassador various Chargé d'Affaires:
 1979–1980: Colin Dyer
1983–1985: Peter Keegan Williams
1986–1989: Arthur Marshall
1989–1990: Douglas Gordon

Ambassadors to the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)
1971–1973: Michael Edes
1973–1976: Derrick Carden
1977–1978: Benjamin Strachan
1979–1984: Julian Walker
1984–1987: David Tatham
1987–1990: Mark Marshall

Ambassadors to the Republic of Yemen
1990–1993: Mark Marshall
1993–1995: Douglas Gordon
1995–1997: Douglas Scrafton
1997–2001: Victor Henderson
2001–2004: Frances Guy
2004–2007: Michael Gifford
2007–2010: Timothy Torlot
2010–2011: Jonathan Wilks
2012–2013: Nicholas Hopton
2013–2015: Jane Marriott
2015–2017: Edmund Fitton-Brown
2017–2018: Simon Shercliff

2018–2021: Michael Aron
2021–present: Richard Oppenheim

References

External links
UK and Yemen, gov.uk

Yemen

United Kingdom


Tim Gaze (born 8 August 1953) is an Australian rock and blues guitarist, songwriter, singer and producer. He was a member of several Australian groups from the 1960s to 1990s including Tamam Shud (1969–70, 1970–72 1993–95), Kahvas Jute (1970), Ariel (1973–74) and Rose Tattoo (1985–87). He also had a solo music career and released the albums, Band on the Run (film soundtrack, 1979), Rough Trade (1992), Blue Sierra (1996) and Blues Remedy (1998). In April 2008 he issued a retrospective compilation covering both his group and solo work, Reckless Love: the Tim Gaze Anthology.

Biography

Tim Gaze, at the age of 14, was a member of Stonehenge from 1968 replacing Ray Ferguson on guitar and vocals, alongside Nigel Macara on drums, Ross Ward on guitar and vocals, and Warren Ward on bass guitar. Gaze joined his first major band, Tamam Shud, in late 1969 in Sydney, replacing founding member Zac Zytnic, on lead guitar and vocals. Other members were Peter Barron on bass guitar, Lindsay Bjerre on vocals and guitar, and Dannie Davidson on drums. Gaze initially played with the progressive rock group for about six months but quit suddenly, around June 1970, just after recording their second album, Goolutionites and the Real People, which was released in October.

Gaze and Davidson then formed another progressive rock band, Kahvas Jute, in mid-1970 with Bob Daisley on bass guitar, and Dennis Wilson on lead guitar and vocals. Gaze contributed his first compositions to their only album, Wide Open (released in January 1971).

Soon after its recording Gaze rejoined Tamam Shud, remaining with them until the band broke up in August 1972. Also in the line up was former Stonehenge bandmate, Macara on drums. During this period Tamam Shud provided three tracks for the soundtrack of the Australian surfing film, Morning of the Earth, which became the first Australian film soundtrack to earn a gold record award.

In late 1972, after Tamam Shud disbanded, Gaze and Macara formed Miss Universe with George Limbidis on bass guitar and Phillip Pritchard on guitar. Early in the following year they rehearsed with Ross Hannaford and Ross Wilson (both ex-Daddy Cool) but after about a month Gaze left and Macara followed.

Gaze and Macara were founding members of Ariel, another progressive rock group, which formed in 1973, alongside John Mills on keyboards, Bill Putt on bass guitar, and Mike Rudd on guitar and vocals (all ex-Spectrum). Aside from guitar and vocals, Gaze co-wrote tracks for the group's debut album, A Strange Fantastic Dream (December 1973), including their first single, "Jamaican Farewell" (September). He remained with the group until April 1974 and then joined the Stevie Wright Band to tour Australia until the end of that year.

Gaze was a member of John Paul Young and the Allstars on guitar during 1975. In the following year he joined Headland alongside Neville Barker, Peter Bolton, Mick Norris, Bruce Parkinson and Judy Parkinson. In that year he founded Tim Gaze Rock Ensemble with Peter Blyton on bass guitar, Bolton on keyboards and Robbie France-Shaw on drums. Dayride followed in 1977, which included Gaze, Blyton and Bolton. Tim Gaze Band followed soon after and, in 1979, they supplied tracks for the surfing film, Band on the Run. The soundtrack album was re-released in a 2× CD format in 2004; the 1979 line-up was Gaze on guitar and vocals; Bolton on keyboards; Harry Curtis on bass guitar; France on drums and percussion; Annette Henery on vocal and percussion; and Suzanne Petersen on vocals, guitar, flute and piano.

In 1985 Gaze, on slide guitar, became a member of hard rockers, Rose Tattoo, alongside Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Andy Cichon on bass guitar, keyboards and piano, Scott Johnston on drums and John Meyer on lead guitar. The line-up released a cover version of Steppenwolf's "Born to be Wild". Meyer left and the group recorded an album, Beats from a Single Drum (1986), as a four-piece for Mushroom Records. The band separated by the end of 1987, Anderson re-released Beats from a Single Drum as his solo album. It provided Anderson's debut single, "Suddenly" (July 1987), which peaked at No. 2 on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart.

Gaze established his own recording studio and performed in several different bands from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. He was a member of Pete Wells Band in 1991 with Wells on guitar, slide guitar and lead vocals (ex-Rose Tattoo); Lucy De Soto on piano, keyboards and backing vocals; Warwick Fraser on drums (ex-Feather, The Screaming Tribesmen); and Michael Vidale on bass guitar (ex-Jimmy and the Boys). In the following year Tim Gaze Trio issued an album, Rough Trade. From 1992 to 1995 he periodically worked for Gyan including on her second album, Reddest Red (October 1992), for which he co-wrote her single, "Something's Gotta Give" (August) and backing her singing with acoustic guitar for her solo shows.

In March 1993 Tamam Shud reformed with the line-up of Gaze, Barron, Bjerre and Macara. They issued a single, "Stay" (June 1994), and followed with an album, The Permanent Culture (August). The group toured until April 1995 and disbanded again. Gaze returned to studio and session work. In 1996 he recorded his solo album, Blue Sierra, with studio musicians Pamela Jo Drysdale on accordion, Rob Grosser on drums, Damien Kennedy on bass guitar and Glen Muirhead on piano and keyboards. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, it is "an exceptional release. The material ranged from the tough blues rocker 'Easy Mama' and the gypsy-tinged 'Let It Rain', to the gorgeous acoustic ballad 'Say Goodbye'. Prominent throughout was Gaze’s always-tasteful guitar playing." To support the release Gaze formed Blue Sierra with Grosser and Kennedy.

Gaze and Grosser founded Tim Gaze and the Blues Doctors with Daniel Barnett on brass, Jim Conway on harmonica (from Backsliders), Ralph Franke on brass, Graeme Gibb on bass guitar and Mike Gubb on piano and organ. They issued an album, Blues Remedy (1998), on Full Moon Records. McFarlane described how "Gaze went back to his roots, with covers of blues material like Little Walters' 'Blues with a Feeling' and Bukka White's 'Parchman Farm Blues', sitting alongside quality Gaze-penned originals like 'Hell to Pay' and 'Riverside Blues'."

In 2001 Gaze and Grosner formed the Hoochie Coochie Men with former Kahvas Jute member, Daisley. Conway joined the group on harmonica. They released a self-titled debut album in that year, which Hector of Undercover News described as "a 39 minute party animal. Like Paul Christie did with the Party Boys in the 80s, Daisley and crew have produced an equally loose and fun record in their self titled debut. It combines some blues classics with some very credible new music written by Daisley, Gaze and Grosser." Hector felt that "As accomplished musicians themselves, these guys know how to recreate a great song. Cream's 'Strange Brew', Johnny Winter's 'Dallas' and Jimmy Vaughan's 'Six Strings Down' are not necessarily your obvious band covers but familiar by their quality sounds."

The Hoochie Coochie Men issued two albums with Jon Lord on keyboards (from Deep Purple), Live at the Basement (live album, November 2003) and Danger. White Men Dancing (December 2007). On 14 April 2008 Gaze issued a 2× CD compilation album of both his group and solo work, Reckless Love: the Tim Gaze Anthology.

References

General
  Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality.

Specific

External links

1953 births
Living people
Australian guitarists
Ariel (Australian band) members
Rose Tattoo members
The Hoochie Coochie Men members


A reflex is an involuntary movement in response to a stimulus.

Reflex also may refer to:

Music
 "The Reflex" (1984), single by Duran Duran
 Reflex (group), Russian band
 Re-Flex, British band
 Reflex Records

Software
 ReFLEX, wireless paging protocol
 Borland Reflex, database management
 Reflex (building design software), successor to Sonata

Other
 Reflex (game show) on BBC One
 Reflex (linguistics), an element of a language that developed from an earlier form
 Reflex (magazine), Czech weekly
 Reflex (novel) by Steven Gould
 Reflex Arena
 Tony Reflex (born 1963), American musician
 "Reflexes", a song by Joe Morris from Flip and Spike

See also


Ola Ahlvarsson (born March 24, 1970) is a Swedish entrepreneur based out of Stockholm, Ibiza and Miami. He is one of the founders of Result and is currently the chairman of its board.

Ahlvarsson has a background as an entrepreneur working as an Internet strategist, business accelerator and a managerial advisor for Fortune 500 and small medium-sized companies. Ahlvarsson has authored the book 'Ola "Mission Possible" Ahlvarsson' which was published in Swedish by Midas in 2005,. An English version was released in 2008. Ahlvarsson is a frequent speaker at various international leading industry events such as the World Economic Forum, DLD, Le Web amongst others. He holds an MBA from the Stockholm University and, was the course director and the executive MBA Program Faculty member at Stockholm School of Economics in Riga. Ahlvarsson also holds the World champion title in kickboxing (Wakko).

Entrepreneurial Activities

Ola was part of several Swedish start up companies after leaving school, Swedish Body Armour Group, Soups & Subs, Music Zone and Internet Media Web Store as well as investing in a small real estate operation in Bollnäs, Sweden.

In 1997, Ahlvarsson was one of the early pioneers of the European Internet scene as a co-founder of Boxman, at the time the largest European e-commerce store selling CDs online. Boxman was founded by two teams of entrepreneurs, one with roots in Musiczone.se, with Fredrik Sidfalk, Ola Ahlvarsson and Gustaf Burström and, the other with roots in Videobutiken led by Krister Hanner, Kent Granat, Bill Odqvist and Håkan Damberg. The company was founded by among others, former SAS CEO Jan Carlzon and Kjell Spångberg. Ahlvarsson was Vice President International and helped internationalize operations for the company, setting up local offices in various European markets.

During his stint with Boxman, while trying to internationalize its operations, Ahlvarsson conceived the idea of creating a company that could help companies parachute success from one market to the other by creating a service organisation that works as an extended arm and leg to the management team to internationalise faster and cheaper, similar to the way music labels worked with the artists in the record industry.

Result
In June 1999, Result was founded in Stockholm, Sweden. Result is an international network of business coaches founded in Stockholm, that helps companies execute success across various markets using new business methods / technology. To date, Result has been involved in approximately 150 launches across Europe, the US and Asia. He was the CEO of Result from June 1999 to November 2008. Ahlvarsson is currently the chairman of Result.

In 2005, Ahlvarsson assisted in the launch of Fon, today the world's largest WiFi Community, expanding FON into Scandinavia and Russia. Ahlvarsson and his partners at Result have been responsible for the growth of professional online network XING (formerly called openBC) in Scandinavia, Benelux, France and Spain. Ahlvarsson has worked with several other leading companies such as Blocket, Rebtel, Movilisto, Polarrose, Google, helping them grow in various capacities.

Ahlvarsson was most recently on the board of Emmy award-winning Company P, leading Swedish fitness retailer Budo Fitness stores,  luxury magazine Connoisseur and the chairman and main shareholder of Nöjesguiden, Sweden's largest entertainment magazine. Ahlvarsson also co-founded Sellbranch together with Advertising veteran Fredrik Sellgren to build a premium yield-management ad system driven by strong sales and technology.

In 2008, Ola Ahlvarsson and 3 Result partners acquired 100% of the shares in Spray (former Lycos) one of Europe's pioneer brand on the web with a portal business that includes Spraydate, a leading Swedish dating site in the fun and flirt segment and Spraymail, Sweden's largest independent mail service. The same constellation also acquired Passagen, Sweden's largest blog portal and discussion forum. The sellers where media house Allers and directories company Eniro.

Together with Spray, Spraydate, Spraymail, Passagen, Nöjesguiden and Sellbranch, the owners consolidated all the companies to form a new age media company. The vision of all the acquisitions was to bring together reach and new technological formats in the advertising world. The media group was called Keynote Media Group. During 2013 and 2014, Keynote Media Group properties were sold. Spraydate was sold to Match.com and Spray was sold to Snowfall in 2014. Nöjesguiden was acquired by investors and the management in 2013. A majority stake was acquired in Sellbranch by Swiss Media company Publi Grouppe.

Ahlvarsson is also a co-founder of Starstable.com, the first massively multiplayer online game for players focusing on horse riding, adventures in a world where fantasy meets reality of horsekeeping. Starstable is available across Europe, Americas and Australia.

Ahlvarsson has portfolios in Fon, Ulvhälls Herrgård, Wemind, Antipode Wines, Result, SIME, some parts of Keynote Media. Ahlvarsson was the chairman and main shareholder of Torget, Sweden's oldest e-commerce portal with over 400 Swedish e-commerce partners until it was sold to European Directories in 2005. Ahlvarsson also served as the chairman and main shareholder in Letsbuyit.com that was sold to Europe Vision in 2006.

Public speaking
Ahlvarsson is a frequent speaker in conferences and industry events, some of which include Le Web Paris, Tech Talk Menorca, DLD, PICNIC Amsterdam, World Knowledge Forum in Seoul, the "World Economic Forum", the "Global Internet Summit" and the "European Online Publishing Conference". Ahlvarsson is also the curator and host of SIME which has events in Stockholm and Miami in 2014.

Awards and honors

Ahlvarsson has received nominations for "Top Ten Leading European Internet Entrepreneurs 1999" by the Wall Street Journal. Similar honors have been rendered by Business Week (January 2000) and Financial Times (May 2000). Ahlvarsson has twice been invited to the World Economic Forum in Davos, where he has been elected "Global Leader for Tomorrow" together with thought leading businessmen, political-, religious- and artistic leaders.

In 2004 Ahlvarsson became an E-Strategies Course Director and Executive MBA Program lecturer at the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga.

In 2014, Ahlvarsson was awarded the "keys to the city of Miami" by Mayor Phillip Levine for his contributions to the entrepreneurial community.

Martial Arts
Ahlvarsson has been an ardent student of martial arts. He has a black belt in Karate, world champion gold medal in Goju Ryu 1991 in Nha Okinawa. He was the Goju Ryu European champion in 1994, England, Swedish Champion in kung Fu 1996, Swedish kick boxing champion 1996 and World champion in kickboxing (wakko) in 1997 in Dubrovnik. Ahlvarsson still spends time training various martial art activities.
Ahlvarsson made a comeback from 2011–2013 into martial arts world, where he won gold and silver in the Swedish Taekwondo championships and represented Sweden in 2 European and one world championship. He also got a silver medal in the Swedish karate championships, the first karate competition he has competed in for over 20 years.

References

External links

 [https://www.xing.com/profile/Ola_Ahlvarsson XING Profile
 Business Week Interview
 Ahlvarsson Blog Profile
 Ahlvarsson Swedish Wiki
 Ahlvarsson on Flickr
 Ahlvarsson at Tech Talk Menorca 2008

Living people
1970 births
21st-century Swedish businesspeople
Academic staff of the Stockholm School of Economics
Swedish expatriates in the United States
Businesspeople from Stockholm


Cipu (Cicipu), or Western Acipa, is a Kainji language spoken by about 20,000 people in northwest Nigeria. The people call themselves Acipu, and are called Acipawa in Hausa.

Like most Benue–Congo languages, Cipu has a complex noun class system. It has a fairly complex phonology with lexical and grammatical tone, vowel harmony and nasalisation.

Virtually all Cipu speakers speak the lingua franca Hausa. Many also speak other nearby languages.

Classification
Cipu is part of the Kambari branch of the Niger–Congo languages.

The most recent published classification has Cipu as part of the Kamuku group of West Kainji along with Eastern Acipa. However more detailed studies have shown this to be unlikely.

Alternative names
The Ethnologue currently lists Cipu as 'Western Acipa'. However the name 'Western Acipa' is no longer used outside the Ethnologue, and a request has been made to change the entry. In Hausa, the language is referred to as Acipanci and the people as Acipawa.

Geographic distribution
Cicipu is spoken in Nigeria by approximately 20,000 people, split between Sakaba Local Government Area, Kebbi State and Kontagora Local Government Area, Niger State.

Dialects/Varieties
The Acipu themselves recognise seven distinct varieties of Cicipu. The dialect names are as follows (with the corresponding Hausa names in parentheses):
Tirisino (Karishen)
Tidipo (Kadonho)
Tizoriyo (Mazarko)
Tidodimo (Kadedan)
Tikula (Maburya)
Ticuhun (Kakihum)
Tikumbasi (Kumbashi)

Phonology
The most common syllable type in Cicipu is CV, although there are fairly strong arguments for N and CVN. A small number of noun and verb roots begin with a V syllable. Lexical tone contrasts are found in nouns e.g. káayá ‘house’ and káayà ‘bean’, but not in verbs (although grammatical tone is important for verbs).

Vowels

Cicipu has an asymmetric six-vowel system. All vowels can be long or short, and all have nasalised counterparts. There are four diphthongs: /ei/, /eu/, /ai/ and /au/.

Consonants
Consonant length is contrastive in Cicipu, e.g. yuwo 'fall' vs. yuwwo 'turn around'. Any consonant may be lengthened.

Vocabulary
A large number of Cicipu words are borrowings from the lingua franca Hausa. The pronunciation of many of these loanwords has changed to fit in with Cicipu phonology, in particular with respect to vowel harmony.

Writing system
Cicipu is not currently written, although a preliminary orthography proposal has been made, and a small number of trial books has been circulated.

See also
 Journal of West African Languages

Further reading

References

External links
 Cicipu language website

Languages of Nigeria
Kambari languages


Pierre-François-Henri-Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve (28 December 1775, in Saint-Benoît, Réunion – 18 June 1860, in Saint-Servan) was a French Navy officer and privateer.

Born to a Navy captain, Bouvet started sailing at the age of 11, He served under his father on various ships between France and the Indies. He was taken prisoner by the British during their occupation of Toulon.

Released, Bouvet served on the frigate  Amazone in Linois's squadron, which raided commerce in the Indies. After  Amazone was wrecked at Cape of Good Hope, he attempted to return to Mauritius and inform the governor, but was captured en route by a British frigate.

Released on parole, Bouvet designed a patamar or felucca of Indian pattern that he named . After he was exchanged, he cruised off the Malabar Coast undetected amongst indigenous shipping. Appointed to a 16-gun brig also named , Bouvet sailed to Manila and rescued the crew of Mouche n° 6 from detention.

Embarked in Duperré's squadron, Bouvet was given command of the prize Minerve, on which he took part in a battle against three large East Indiamen, of which the squadron captured two. On their return to Mauritius, the squadron met four British frigates, which it defeated in the Battle of Grand Port. Duperré, having been wounded, Bouvet commanded the French forces for the second half of the battle.

Returned to France after the fall of Mauritius, Bouvet was given command of a two-frigate squadron, with his flag on Aréthuse. His other frigate was wrecked in a storm, and soon after, Aréthuse battled HMS Amelia in a bloody action that resulted in a stalemate. Bouvet never fought again, and devoted his late life to politics and writing.

Career

Early life
Born to Pierre-Servais-René Bouvet, Pierre Bouvet enlisted in the French Navy as a volunteer at the age of 11, on 13 December 1786, and enlisted on the fluye Nécessaire, commanded by his father and bound for the Indies. He returned to France in May 1789. On 18 March 1791, he enlisted as a helmsman on the brig Goéland, returning in June. He then transferred on the 74-gun Tourville for a patrol the same month in June

In 1792, he became a midshipman, and served on the brand-new frigate Aréthuse in Toulon, under his father who had recently been promoted to captain. On Aréthuse, Bouvet took part in Truguet's raid on Sardinia from February to March 1793, before transferring on the 80-gun Languedoc on 3 April 1793.

On 1 July 1793, Bouvet was promoted to Ensign, and served on the 120-gun Commerce de Marseille. On 25 August, Royalist parties surrendered the harbour and arsenal of Toulon to the British and Spanish, along with all the ships anchored there. Bouvet was taken prisoner with his father, and expelled to Brest in September the Patriote, whose armament had been removed; Patriote reached Brest on 16 October. There, he was arrested on the spot by agents of the French Convention, transferred to Paris, and detained until 3 March 1795.

Service in the English Channel
In June 1795, Bouvet was appointed to the frigate Rassurante, on which he roamed the English Channel until September. In November, he transferred on the corvette Foudroyante in Brest, on which he served until December. Then, he embarked on the frigate Bravoure, patrolling the English Channel until July 1796.

At the Thermidorian Reaction, the Convention reestablished the practice of Letters of marque and privateer commerce raiding. Bouvet obtained a release from Navy duty to enlist on a privateer, the Triton. She departed on 10 November 1797 and preyed on British merchantmen until 17 February 1798, when she was captured by the frigate HMS Melpomene. Bouvet was taken prisoner.

Released on 20 November 1798, Bouvet served in Brest harbour, before taking command of the 14-gun privater Furet on 16 December 1799. On the 26th at 10:15, Furet was intercepted by HMS Viper under Lieutenant John Pengelly, After a running chase of over two hours, Viper caught on Furet and delivered two broadsides that compelled her to strike her colours. Furet had four killed and six wounded, including Bouvet, who suffered an injury and was again taken prisoner.

Released from captivity on 9 February 1800, Bouvet was appointed to the inspection of signals on the coasts near Brest; he held this position until 14 March 1801, when he was appointed to the frigate Consolante. He left Consolante in November 1801, and was appointed to Romaine in February 1802. In March, he transferred to the 74-gun Redoutable.

On 1 March, Redoutable departed for Guadeloupe, attached to a division under Rear-Admiral Bouvet de Précourt. During the journey, on 24 April, Bouvet was promoted to Lieutenant. He left Redoutable on 20 August 1802.

Service on Amazone in Linois's squadron
On 17 February 1803, Bouvet was appointed to the frigate Atalante, under Captain Gaudin-Beauchêne, in the division of Rear-Admiral Linois sent to recover the French colonies of the Indies according to the terms of the Treaty of Amiens, under the overall command of General Decaen. The division, comprising four frigates and two fluyts, departed Brest on 6 March 1803, and arrived at Mauritius on 21 August. Upon arrival, it was informed of the outbreak of the War of the Third Coalition.

In the course of October, the division sailed to Batavia and Atalante detached to ferry the new commercial attaché, Jean-Baptiste Cavaignac, to Muscat, in Oman; she rejoined the division after the Battle of Pulo Aura. After a port call in Batavia. Belle-Poule and Atalante detached and conducted independent commerce raiding cruises, while Linois returned to Mauritius; They notably captured the East Indiamen Athia, Princess Royal and Heroism.

On his return to Mauritius, Bouvet married his cousin Henriette Périer d'Hauterive on 1 June 1804, before departing on the 20th. With Linois' division, he cruised in the Gulf of Bengal, took part in the Battle of Vizagapatam on 15 September 1804, and returned to Mauritius in October with several prizes. Bouvet took part in another commerce raiding expedition between December 1804 and April 1805.

Governor Decaen having sent Linois back to France, the division departed in May 1805; while attempting to rejoining it, on 3 November 1805, Atalante was washed ashore by a gust of wind and wrecked near the Cape of Good Hope. Captain Gaudin-Beauchêne sent Bouvet to Mauritius with despatches for governor Decaen, and he embarked on the American brig Charles, but was taken prisoner by a British cruiser, HMS Pitt, and taken to Mumbai. Bouvent was released on parole on 15 September 1806, and sailed to La Réunion to visit his family.

Service on Entreprenant and the rescue of Mouche n° 6
At Mauritius, Bouvet requested the construction of a patamar to which Decaen agreed. Formally exchanged in spring 1807, he named the ship Entreprenant on 30 November 1807, and on 7 December, he departed with a 40-man crew to cruise off the Western coast of India. With her unassuming indigenous appearance, Entreprenant sailed undetected amongst Indian patamars off the Malabar Coast; on 8 February, she captured the British mercantile brig Marguerite after a 3-hour battle. Bouvet then abandoned Entreprenant to his captives, and returned to Mauritius on his prize, which she renamed Entreprenant.

After this reconnaissance, Bouvet had a second Entreprenant constructed at Mauritius. She was a "brig gourable", of 16 guns, or 12 guns.

Bouvet departed for Ormuz on the new Entreprenant on 4 October 1808 to ferry despatches for General Gardane, ambassador in Theran. He then cruised off Malabar coast, where he captured nineteen prizes. On 30 November 1808, he battled the East indiamen Benares and the schooner Wasp, and made a number of other prizes. During a port call at the Maldives in February 1809, Bouvet had to repress a mutiny; he returned to Mauritius, on 16 March 1809, where the mutineers were shot.

On 24 May 1809, Decaen promoted him to acting Commander He was then tasked with a mission to Manila to investigate the fate of Mouche n° 6, under Lieutenant Ducrest de Villeneuve, disappeared there a few months before. On 28 August, Entreprenant reached Manila and learned that Borneo had sided for the Allies and interned the crew of Mouche n° 6. Furthermore, the 14-gun HMS Antelope was anchored at Cavite. Anchoring his ship off shore under a flag of truce, Bouvet sent a delegation to demand the release of the crew of Mouche n° 6, with orders to return to Entreprenant as soon as the message was delivered. However, the delegation had still not returned the next morning.

In order to obtain a clear casus belli, Bouvet anchored his ship at the entrance of Manila Bay, but stayed ready to set sail. Soon, Antelope and shore batteries opened up on Entreprenant, which promptly retreated. Bouvet sailed to Corregidor Island and endeavored to blockade all shipping bound for Manila. After collecting enough prisoners in this way, on 3 September, he released them on parole under promise not to navigate at sea before Mouche n° 6 would be released. Bouvet had them convey his ultimatum that if his conditions were not met the next day, he would attack the coasts of the island. The French crew detained in Manila was promptly released and returned to Entreprenant.

On her return journey, Entreprenant was chased by HMS Modeste, which she evaded, and anchored at Con Dao to repair her rigging. On 20 October, sailing through Malacca Strait, Entreprenant encountered a British convoy and detected an isolated sail, which she intercepted by 23:00. The ship was the 18-gun Ovidor, of the Dutch East India Company. She surrendered after the first broadside and was brought to Isle de France with a valuable cargo of Chinese goods, and 200,000 Piastres. Ovidor, a 550-tonne ship built in Portugal, was brought into French service as the fluyt Loire.

Service on Minerve, Duperré's squadron, and the Battle of Grand Port
Bouvet relinquished command of Entreprenant in late January 1810, was formally promoted to Commander on 1 February, and appointed to the frigate Minerve, after her capture on 22 November. On Minerve, he took part in the action of 3 July 1810, where he single-handedly engaged the East Indiamen Ceylon, Windham and Astell for one hour before the rest of Duperré's squadron rejoined him. The squadron then returned to Mauritius where it encountered four British frigates, leading to the Battle of Grand Port, from 20 to 27 August 1810.

At the Battle of Grand Port, Bouvet replaced Duperré as chief of the French squadron on Bellone when he was wounded and carried below deck. After the battle, on 3 September, Bouvet was promoted to acting Captain and appointed to the frigate Iphigénie, formerly HMS Iphigenia, one of the prizes surrendered during Battle of Grand Port.

Service on Iphigénie and the Fall of Mauritius

Since the Invasion of Île Bonaparte and consequent fall of La Réunion in early 9 July 1810, the British had planned the complete their conquest of the French possessions in the Indian Ocean by also invading Mauritius. In September, Iphigénie scrambled from Port-Nord-Ouest, along with Lemarant's Astrée, to intercept a British troop convoy. While in transit, they met HMS Africaine off Saint Denis; in the subsequent Action of 13 September 1810, Astrée and Iphigénie subdued Africaine, but had to abandon her when the rest of Rowley's frigate division arrived on the scene. Astrée and Iphigénie sailed to Mauritius for resupply and repair, captured the British East India Company's Bombay Marine's 14-gun sloop-of-war Aurora en route, and arrived at Port-Nord-Ouest on 22 September.

The Invasion of Isle de France eventually occurred on 29 November 1810, and Decaen surrendered to the British on 2 December. Under the terms of the capitulation, the French garrison was repatriated and on 11 April 1811, Bouvet embarked on the cartel Adèle, bound for France where he arrived on 14 August, landing in Morlaix.

Service on Aréthuse and battle with HMS Amelia
On 20 December 1810, Bouvet was formally promoted to captain, and was appointed Knight of the Legion of Honour. He planned an expedition to Batavia to carry out another campaign in the Indian Ocean, but his plans were rendered moot by the British Invasion of Java. After one year, on 6 December 1811, he was appointed to command the frigate Clorinde, on which he embarked on 5 January 1812. He relinquished this command on 7 October to transfer to the frigate Aréthuse and lead a frigate squadron also comprising Rubis, under Commander Louis-François Ollivier.

On 25 November 1812, Bouvet's division departed from Nantes, sailed to Cape Verde and Guinea, and anchored at Îles de Los; on its way, on 27 January, it destroyed HMS Daring and released her crew on parole. In the night of 4 February, a violent storm struck the island; Rubis broke her cables and was thrown aground on the shore of Tamara; deeming her impossible to refloat and recover, her crew scuttled her by fire the next day. Aréthuse suffered less, but still lost her rudder and required repairs.

On 7 February 1813, the frigate HMS Amelia, warned by the crew of Daring, arrived on the scene. A furious four-hour engagement ensued before the frigates parted, both with heavy casualties. Without delay, Amelia returned to England and Aréthuse to France, carrying the crew of Rubis. She arrived in Saint-Malo on 19 April 1813, having captured ten prizes during her campaign.

At Bouvet's return, Navy Minister Decrès criticised him for the loss of Rubis and near-loss of Aréthuse in the storm of February, while praising his conduct in the action of 7 February 1813 against Amelia and requesting that a painting be commissioned to commemorate the event. Probably because of these mixed reviews, Bouvet was appointed Officer of the Legion of Honour, on 2 July, but was neither promoted to Rear-Admiral, nor made a Baron of the Empire, as had been requested in his favour.

Later life

On 1 October 1813, Bouvet was relieved from duty due to ill health and replaced by Captain Le Bozec, and transferred the harbour service in Brest. It was not until after the Bourbon Restoration, on 21 June 1814, that he sailed again, at the command of the frigate Flore, and was sent for a mission in Antwerp to escort eleven transport ships to Brest, and to Senegal to ferry ammunitions. The new regime appointed him Knight of the Order of Saint Louis on 5 July 1814.

Bouvet relinquished command of Flore on 25 August 1815 and was given a leave of absence until 31 December, after which he was given no duty On 1 November 1817, he was finally ordered to Brest for harbour service, but started requesting his retirement to care for his ailing wife, who was almost blind. Promoted to Captain 1st class on 16 February 1820 and promoted Commander of the Legion of Honour on 5 July, he published his Observations sur la Marine in 1821; the year after, he finally obtained permission to retire from the Navy, and was granted the honorific rank of Rear-Admiral, effective on 30 October 1822.

On 30 July 1830, Bouvet's wife died, at the age of 45. After the July Revolution in 1830, Bouvet turned to politics and was elected on 28 October as Deputy for Ille-et-Vilaine at the Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy. On 26 April 1831, he was promoted Grand Officier of the Legion of Honour. Bouvet did not seek reelection and relinquished his office after the general elections of 5 July 1831. However, he continued to serve as conseiller général for Ille-et-Vilaine.

In 1833, Bouvet resigned as a member of the Council for Colonies for La Réunion, and in June, he married Marie-Thérèse Le Muey in Granville. He wrote a bitter account of his campaign, Précis des campagnes du capitaine de vaisseau Pierre Bouvet, which he published in 1840.

In 1852, Napoléon III reinstated Bouvet as titulary Rear-Admiral in the reserve corps; he also offered him a senatorship in 1858, but Bouvet declined over his age.

Works

Honours
 Five ships were named after Bouvet. See French ship Bouvet for a list.
 Grand Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honour
 Knight of the Order of Saint Louis
 A statue was erected in front of the mairie of Saint-Servan

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References

 Fonds Marine. Campagnes (opérations ; divisions et stations navales ; missions diverses). Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4. Tome deuxième : BB4 1 à 482 (1790–1826)

French Navy admirals
1775 births
French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
People from Réunion
1860 deaths
French privateers


The Puzzle of the Red Orchid () and also known as The Secret of the Red Orchid) is a 1962 West German black-and-white crime film directed by Helmut Ashley and starring Christopher Lee, Adrian Hoven, and Marisa Mell.

It was made as part of the long-running series of Edgar Wallace adaptations made by Rialto Film. It was made at the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg with location shooting in London and around the harbor at Cuxhaven.

Cast

Reception
The FSK gave the film a rating of "12 and older" and found it not appropriate for screenings on public holidays. The film went on mass release on 1 March 1962.

References

External links

1962 films
1960s mystery films
1960s crime thriller films
German mystery films
German crime thriller films
West German films
1960s German-language films
German black-and-white films
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films set in England
Films produced by Horst Wendlandt
Films set in Chicago
Films set in London
Constantin Film films
Films shot at Wandsbek Studios
1960s German films


Joseph Robinson (4 March 1919 – 12 July 1991) was an English football goalkeeper. He played for Blackpool in their appearance in the 1948 FA Cup Final against Manchester United.

Playing career

Hartlepools United
Born in Morpeth, Northumberland, Robinson began his career at Third Division North side Hartlepools United.

Blackpool
Robinson joined First Division side Blackpool in 1947. After He made his Football League debut for them on 17 January 1948, in a 1–1 draw with Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux Stadium, replacing Jock Wallace for the second half of the 1947–48 season.

He kept four successive clean sheets in the club's FA Cup run that season, which took them to the final at Wembley, where they lost 2–4 to Manchester United. Robinson's appearance in the final came after only seventeen games for Blackpool.

Robinson played in the first eight League games of the 1948–49 campaign before being sold to Hull City. He had made a total of 25 League appearances for Blackpool, and was succeeded in the Seasiders' goal by George Farm.

Hull City
Robinson moved across the Pennines to join Hull City in 1948, helping them to win the Third Division North title, and with it promotion to the Second Division in the 1948–49 season.

In five years with the Tigers, he made seventy League appearances.

Managerial career
Robinson had a brief career as a player-manager. He was in charge of non-League side Wisbech Town between 1953 and 1956.

Honours
Hull City
Third Division North champion: 1948–49.

Post-retirement

Death
Robinson died on 12 July 1991, at the age of 72.

Theft
In January 2010, Robinson's FA Cup runners-up medal was stolen in a burglary from his son, Keith's house in Lower Withington, Cheshire.

References

External links

Robinson's stats at Blackpool
Robinson's stats at Hull City

1919 births
1991 deaths
English men's footballers
English football managers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Wisbech Town F.C. players
Sportspeople from Morpeth, Northumberland
Footballers from Northumberland


Maarten Biesheuvel (23 May 1939 in Schiedam – 30 July 2020 in Leiden) was a Dutch writer of short stories and novellas. He made his literary debut in 1972 with the short story collection In de bovenkooi. He received the "Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs" in 1984 for Reis door mijn kamer. In 2007 he received the P. C. Hooft Award.

The Dutch  was named after him and is awarded to the author of the best collection of short stories that has appeared in the Dutch language during the previous year.

From 1990 Biesheuvel's literary production slowed significantly due to a writer's block and manic-depressive phases.

He died in July 2020.

Selected works
In de bovenkooi (1972)
Reis door mijn kamer (1984)
Godencirkel (1986)

Awards
1985: The Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs for Reis door mijn kamer
2007: The P. C. Hooft Award
2008: Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Dutch novelists
20th-century Dutch male writers
People from Schiedam
Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize winners
P. C. Hooft Award winners
Dutch male novelists


Walter "Johnny D." McMillian (October 27, 1941 – September 11, 2013) was a pulpwood worker from Monroeville, Alabama, who was wrongfully convicted of murder and sentenced to death. His conviction was wrongfully obtained, based on police coercion and perjury. In the 1988 trial, under a controversial Alabama doctrine called "judicial override", the judge imposed the death penalty, although the jury had voted for a sentence of life imprisonment.

From 1990 to 1993, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals turned down four appeals. In 1993, after McMillian had served six years on Alabama's death row, the Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the lower court decision and ruled that he had been wrongfully convicted.

The controversial case received national attention beginning in the fall of 1992. Bryan Stevenson, McMillian's defense attorney, raised awareness on the CBS News program 60 Minutes. Journalist Pete Earley covered it in his book Circumstantial Evidence: Death, Life, and Justice in a Southern Town (1995). Stevenson featured this early case of his career in a TED talk and in his memoir Just Mercy (2014). This was adapted as an eponymous feature film, released in 2019. Jamie Foxx portrays McMillian and Michael B. Jordan stars as Stevenson.

Context
Walter McMillian, who was born on October 27, 1941, lived in a Black settlement near Monroeville where he "grew up picking cotton." Monroe County was described by The Guardian as "a remote, dirt-poor region of pine trees and bean farms". According to his attorney Bryan Stevenson, McMillian purchased logging and paper mill equipment and became a "moderately successful businessman". A journalist described him as a "black pulpwood worker". In 1986 he had been married to Minnie McMillian for 25 years and they had nine children. McMillian held two jobs and "no criminal record other than a misdemeanor charge stemming [from] a barroom fight". He "did not have a history of violence."

McMillian was known in the small community for having an affair with a white woman, Karen Kelly. In addition, one of his sons had married a white woman. Both McMillian and the attorney he had in 1987, J. L. Chestnut, "contended that Mr. McMillian's relationships alone had made him a suspect." In a prison interview in 1993, McMillian said, "The only reason I'm here is because I had been messing around with a white lady and my son married a white lady."

Murder of Ronda Morrison
Eighteen-year-old Ronda Morrison, a white dry-cleaning clerk, was murdered at Jackson Cleaners on November 1, 1986, in Monroeville, Alabama. She had been shot numerous times from behind. At the time of her murder, Walter McMillian was at a church fish fry, where he was seen by dozens of witnesses, one of whom was a police officer.

Arrest
McMillian, who had "no prior felony convictions", was arrested by newly elected Sheriff Tom Tate, who was under pressure to find a suspect. McMillian was arrested in June 1987. In what The New York Times described as "an extraordinary move", McMillian "was immediately sent to Alabama's Death Row, in Holman State Prison, Atmore, which is usually reserved for convicted murderers awaiting execution." He was held there, pre-trial, for 15 months.

McMillian had explained to Sheriff Tate shortly after his arrest that he was at the fish fry on the morning of November 1. Tate replied, "I don't give a damn what you say or what you do. I don't give a damn what your people say either. I'm going to put twelve people on a jury who are going to find your goddamn black ass guilty."

On December 11, 1987, Walter McMillian and Ralph Bernard Myers, a career criminal, were jointly indicted. McMillian was charged with a two-count indictment "for the offense of murder made capital because it was committed during a robbery in the first degree", and the jury recommended a life sentence. Myers pleaded guilty as a conspirator in the murder and received a 30-year prison term.

Trial and sentencing
The trial began on August 15, 1988. Judge Robert E. Lee Key, Jr., "had McMillian await trial on death row, as if a death sentence were a foregone conclusion, and relocated the trial from a county that was forty per cent black to an overwhelmingly white one," Baldwin County, where 86 percent of the residents were white, because the case had "generated extraordinary publicity." McMillian was represented by attorney J. L. Chestnut.

The trial lasted only a day and a half. On August 17, 1988, the jury of eleven whites and one African American found McMillian "guilty of the capital offense charged in the indictment" and recommended a life sentence, based on the testimony of four state's informants found by the prosecution: Ralph Myers, a career criminal; Bill Hooks, Jr.; Joe Hightower; and one other. Two of the witnesses claimed to have seen McMillian's "low-rider" truck outside the dry cleaner's around the time that the crime occurred.

The "jury ignored multiple alibi defense witnesses, who were black, who testified under oath that he was at a fish fry at the time of the crime." There was no physical evidence implicating McMillian.

Six years after the original trial, in an unrelated case, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals found that the prosecutor, District Attorney Theodore Pearson, and Judge Key "had practiced 'intentional racial discrimination' in jury selection."

Sentencing override
On September 19, 1988, Judge Robert E. Lee Key, Jr., overruled the jury's recommendation of a life sentence and imposed the death penalty. Key remarked that "McMillian deserved to be executed for the brutal killing of a young lady in the first full flower of adulthood." This practice, called judicial override, allows "elected trial judges to override jury verdicts of life and impose death sentences." According to the Equal Justice Initiative of Montgomery, Alabama, "No capital sentencing procedure in the United States has come under more criticism as unreliable, unpredictable, and arbitrary" than the judge override.

Since then, the frequency of the judge override in Alabama has come under scrutiny: "Nearly seventy Alabama judges have single-handedly ordered an inmate's execution, and collectively they have done so more than a hundred times. Thirty-six of the nearly two hundred convicts on death row are there because of override."

In November 1988, 28-year-old attorney Bryan Stevenson, a Harvard Law School and Harvard School of Government graduate, who was the director of the newly formed Alabama Capital Representation Resource Center in Montgomery, took on the task of appealing the case. When he visited McMillian in prison, McMillian maintained his innocence. Stevenson was motivated to take McMillian's case because of the use of the judge override.

After he had decided to take the appeal, he got a phone call from Judge Key discouraging Stevenson from taking the case. In a 2015 NPR interview, Stevenson described how that phone call was a "very, very bizarre start to my career and to the work that I was doing in Alabama." Stevenson then visited McMillian's community and "met dozens of African-Americans who were with this condemned man at the time the crime took place 11 miles away who absolutely knew he was innocent."

First appeal (1991)
From 1990 to 1993, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals turned down four appeals. McMillian's conviction and death sentence were affirmed on appeal in 1991 in McMillian v. State, 594 So. 2d 1253 (Ala.Cr. App.1991).

Petition (1992)
Following his own trial and sentencing, Ralph Bernard Myers told McMillian's trial counsel that the testimony he gave "against McMillian was false." Myers confessed that "he knew nothing about the crime, that he was not present when the crime was committed, that he had been told what to say by certain law enforcement officers, and that he had testified falsely against McMillian because of pressure from the officers."  McMillian's attorneys from the Equal Justice Initiative filed a petition for a new trial alleging various constitutional violations, including "that a key state witness had recanted his testimony, that the appellant's conviction had been obtained by perjured testimony, and that the evidence of perjury was newly discovered." The petition also alleged that the state of Alabama "had violated his constitutional rights by withholding exculpatory and impeachment information".

In 1992 the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals in McMillian v. State 594 So. 2d 1289 (Ala.Cr.App.1992) denied the claims by McMillian's attorneys.

Walter McMillian v. State (February 23, 1993)

On February 23, 1993,  in Walter McMillian v. State in the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals, all judges concurred that "the state suppressed exculpatory and impeachment evidence that had been requested by the defense, thus denying the appellant due process of law, requiring the reversal of his conviction and death sentence, and the remand of the case for a new trial." D.A. Pearson had failed to disclose exculpatory evidence to McMillian's attorneys, including records from the Taylor Hardin Secure Medical Facility and Myers' June 3 and August 27 statements.

Further investigation revealed that McMillian's truck, supposedly seen by witnesses at the scene of the crime, had not been converted to a "low-rider" until six months after the crime took place. It also emerged that District Attorney Theodore Pearson "had concealed evidence proving his innocence": a witness had seen the victim alive after the time when prosecutors claimed that McMillian had killed her.

The two witnesses who had testified that they had seen McMillian's truck retracted their testimony, and admitted that they lied at trial, committing perjury.

McMillian's "appellate lawyers discovered that prosecutors had withheld evidence and that the state's star witnesses had lied." It emerged that Sheriff Tate and investigators with the Monroe County D.A.'s office and the Alabama Bureau of Investigation (ABI) had "pressured [Myers] into lying about Mr. McMillian." In pursuing those claims, the attorneys obtained the original recording of Myers' confession. After listening to it, they flipped the tape over and discovered a recorded conversation in which Myers complained bitterly that he was being forced to implicate McMillian, whom he did not know, for a crime neither of them had any role in.

Upon discovery of this evidence, District Attorney Thomas Chapman, who had represented the state in McMillian's previous appeals, told Stevenson, "I want to do everything I can so that your client will not have to spend a single day more than he already has on death row. I feel sick about the six years that [McMillian] has spent in prison and the part I played in keeping him there."

Exoneration (March 2, 1993)
On February 23, 1993, in his fifth appeal to the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals, the judges ruled 5–0 to reverse McMillian's conviction and grant him a new trial. McMillian's attorney then filed a motion to dismiss all charges. The following week, on March 2, Circuit Court Judge Pamela W. Baschab ruled on the motion, dismissing all charges against McMillian.

Chapman, who did not prosecute the original case in 1987, "joined the defense in seeking to have the charges" against McMillian dismissed. However, Chapman did not agree that there had been a "deliberate effort to frame Mr. McMillian." He claimed that McMillian's exoneration "proved the system worked." Stevenson disagreed, telling the court that "it was far too easy to convict this wrongly accused man for murder and send him to death row for something he didn't do and much too hard to win his freedom after proving his innocence."

Civil lawsuit
After returning to his family and hometown of Monroeville, McMillian filed a civil lawsuit against state and local officials, including "the three men in charge of investigating the Morrison murder – Tom Tate, the Sheriff of Monroe County; Larry Ikner, an investigator with the District Attorney's office in Monroe County; and Simon Benson, an investigator with the Alabama Bureau of Investigation", for his wrongful prosecution and conviction. It was appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which ruled against McMillian, holding that a county sheriff could not be sued for monetary damages. Subsequently, McMillian settled out of court with other officials for an undisclosed amount. McMillian's case served as a catalyst for Alabama's compensation statute, which was passed in 2001.

Life after
McMillian later developed dementia, believed to have been brought on by the trauma of imprisonment. He died on September 11, 2013.

Media coverage

News
In the fall of 1992, McMillian's case received national attention in the CBS News program 60 Minutes. It was pointed out that Monroeville, Alabama, was "best known as the home of Harper Lee, whose To Kill a Mockingbird told a painful story of race and justice in the small-town Jim Crow South."

Books and film
The story was featured in a 1995 book entitled Circumstantial Evidence: Death, Life, and Justice in a Southern Town by former Washington Post journalist Pete Earley.

The 2019 film Just Mercy dramatizes McMillian's case, and stars Jamie Foxx as McMillian and Michael B. Jordan as Bryan Stevenson, with direction by Destin Daniel Cretton, based on Stevenson's 2014 book Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption.

See also
 Criminal procedure
 List of United States death row inmates
 List of wrongful convictions in the United States

Notes

References

External links
 Equal Justice Initiative - Walter McMillian

Overturned convictions in the United States
Prisoners sentenced to death by Alabama
American prisoners sentenced to death
People paroled from death sentence
2013 deaths
1941 births


Hyphodontia sambuci, or elder whitewash, is a basidiomycete fungal pathogen on deadwood, especially elder.

It is resupinate, forming a very thin structure which is white, pruinose (flour-like dusting) or chalky in appearance. It is inedible. It also grows on dead but still hanging branches of Fraxinus, Berberis, Nothofagus, Ulmus, Populus, Hedera, Ribes, Symphoricarpos and rarely on conifers such as Cryptomeria.

Ecology
As stated, H. sambuci occurs in North Europe mostly on Sambucus nigra, but there is a much bigger spectrum of substrates in warmer regions in southern areas. The variability of micromorphology increases in the tropics, but the macromorphological characteristics however always stay the same: the basidiocarp with chalky white color and often growing as aerophyte on dead branches of trees and bushes, that are still attached to the tree. H. sambuci consists of a complex of species. Similar species with capitate cystidia; thin-walled hyphae and exactly the same chalky white fruit body are H. griselinae and H. fimbriata. They can be differentiated by their spores and morphology of their basidiocarp.

References

External links
 The Virtual Field Guide.
 Index Fungorum.
 USDA ARS Fungal Database.
 The National Biodiversity Network Gateway.
 World Wide distribution details

Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Hymenochaetales
Fungi of Europe


Dr. Saadallah Agha al-Qalaa () (b. Damascus, 1950) is the former minister of tourism in Syria. He has a Ph.D. in civil engineering.
Dr. Saadallah Agha al-Qalaa is a man of science and art. Born in 1950, he studied music at the Conservatory of Aleppo, and later became a teacher there. At the same time, he studied Civil engineering at the University of Aleppo, and later traveled to France to prepare his Ph.D. in Engineering. Upon his return to Syria as a professor of engineering and computer programming at the University of Damascus, he began to write many studies and research in Arabic music, and presented hundreds of hours of music television programs, in Syrian television and most of the Arab television stations. Adept at playing qanun, he is also a member of the Syrian Associations of Engineers, Artists and Teachers, a co-founder of the Syrian Computer Society, and served as Minister of Tourism in Syria for a period of ten years. He won also numerous Syrian and Arab awards.

Saadallah Agha al-Qalaa is distinguished, musically, through his tendency to employ modern technology, especially computers and databases, in Arabic music research in ways never touched before.

He developed an Arabic music information system, and put it in the service of Arab music analysis, then he started to publish his research on television, applying the latest music and comparative analysis methods, relying on his specialty in music, engineering and informatics  at the same time, in addition to his high performance in TV presentation. His efforts are currently focused on completing his project, "the second book of Songs" and publishing it in the form of an electronic encyclopedia. In March 2017, he launched his new project: Towards a New Arab Music Revival.

References

External links
Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments: Syria
https://www.agha-alkalaa.net/

1950 births
People from Aleppo
Living people
Syrian ministers of tourism


Duncan McDonald was a Scottish footballer, who played as a right-sided full back

Born in Bo'ness, McDonald started his career with Townside F.C.|Townside before joining Woolwich Arsenal in April 1909, but had to wait until 30 October 1909 to make his debut, against Manchester United. After that, he was a near ever-present in the 1909–10 season, with Archie Gray out of form and Joe Shaw moving to left back to cover, leaving a vacancy at right-back. However, in 1910–11 Gray forced his way back in and McDonald only played one league game all season.

McDonald played 27 times for Arsenal in total, before leaving in the summer of 1911 for West Hartlepool.

References

Scottish men's footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
People from Bo'ness
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Men's association football fullbacks
Footballers from Falkirk (council area)


The 1997 BMW Open was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Munich, Germany. The tournament was held from 28 April to 5 May 1997. Eighth-seeded Mark Philippoussis won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Mark Philippoussis defeated  Àlex Corretja 7–6(7–3), 1–6, 6–4
 It was Philippoussis's second title of the year and the fifth of his career

Doubles

 Pablo Albano /  Àlex Corretja defeated  Karsten Braasch /  Jens Knippschild 3–6, 7–5, 6–2
 It was Albano's first title of the year and the fifth of his career. It was Corretja's second title of the year and the fourth of his career

References

External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – tournament profile

BMW Open
BMW Open
BMW Open, 1997
BMW Open
BMW Open
Bavarian International Tennis Championships


Thunder City was an aircraft operating and maintenance company based at the Cape Town International Airport in Cape Town, South Africa. It was well known for owning the largest civilian collection of former military jet aircraft in the world. These aircraft were used to perform in airshows and could also be chartered by the general public for recreational flights, including going supersonic and climbing to altitudes around 50,000 feet. Following a fatal accident in 2009 in which an English Electric Lightning crashed at an airshow, the company ceased flying operations after the accident investigation found major shortcomings in its maintenance programme.

The company's other activities included upgrading older models of the Aerospatiale Puma helicopter with modern avionics and renovating airframes and engines.

Company structure
Thunder City Holdings (Pty) Ltd. is the parent company of several subsidiaries:
 Thunder City Aircraft Company
 Thunder City Aircraft Maintenance Company
 Thunder City Education
 Thunder City Aircraft Entertainment
 Thunder City Flying Company
 Thunder City Property Company

Fleet
Some of the aircraft are the most recently airworthy examples of the type.
 Three  English Electric Lightning. One T5 was lost in an accident on 14 November 2009.
 Three Blackburn Buccaneers.
 Seven Hawker Hunters.
 One Aerospatiale Puma, a demonstrator of the company's upgrade and refurbishment services.
 One Gloster Javelin FAW Mk.1 (RAF No. XA553). Mounted as a "Gate Guard" on display at the entrance to the company premises.

In October 2012, three Lightnings, three Buccaneers and four Hawker Hunters were put up for sale.

AAD 2008 controversy
During a display flight at the 2008 African Aerospace and Defence (AAD) show in Cape Town a pair of Thunder City Lightnings flew close to the city at supersonic speed. Only the higher one of the pair was planned to fly supersonic as it was considered to be high enough so as not to cause alarm, however the lower aircraft also broke the sound barrier. The resulting sonic boom brought many complaints from the public.

2009 Lightning crash
An English Electric Lightning T5, ZU-BEX, (RAF No. XS451) crashed while carrying out a display at the biennial South African Air Force Overberg Airshow held at AFB Overberg near Bredasdorp on 14 November 2009. The aircraft suffered hydraulic failure after a fire started in the rear of the fuselage. The pilot was killed because his ejection seat failed to operate due to the canopy not jettisoning.

The accident investigation found major shortcomings in the maintenance program of the aircraft, consequently the South African Civil Aviation Authority suspended the company's operating certificate in March 2010.  On 9 September 2010, it was reported that the Thunder City fleet would no longer take paying passengers.

On 22 August 2011 three Lightnings, three Buccaneers and four Hunters were listed as "for sale by private treaty" with Go Industry. The closing date for bids was 27 April 2012. The first time Thunder City participated in an airshow since the 2009 crash was on 21 April 2012 at the AFB Overberg airshow.

A set of Lightning tyres were sold by Thunder City to the Bloodhound SSC Project in August 2012.

Death of Mike Beachy Head and sale of the remaining collection

Mike Beachy Head, the owner of Thunder City, died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 59 on 21st May 2017. The remaining aircraft collection was subsequently moved outdoors by the Landlord of the Thunder City Hangar in Cape Town.

At the end of 2021, Jay Smith, an ex oil entrepreneur with a passion for fast jets and head of South African aircraft maintenance company Hangar 51, bought the remains of the Thunder City collection from Mike Beachy Head's estate. Various aircraft from the collection have since been moved and are undergoing restoration.

Notes

References

Aviation in South Africa
Companies established in 1998
Aerospace companies of South Africa
Companies based in Cape Town
Defunct companies of South Africa


A514 may refer to :
 A514 road (Great Britain)
 A514 steel
 Werra (A514), a 1993 Elbe class replenishment ship built in the Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft


Der rote Rausch is a 1962 West German thriller film directed by Wolfgang Schleif and starring Klaus Kinski.

Cast
 Klaus Kinski as Martin
 Brigitte Grothum as Katrin
 Marina Petrova as Anna
 Sieghardt Rupp as Karl
 Dieter Borsche as Professor Lindner
 Jochen Brockmann as Vollbricht
 Hans Obonya as Klobner
 Elisabeth Terval as Theres
 Annemarie Berthe as Professor Lindners Assistantin
 Edd Stavjanik as Kriminalrat Berger
 Peter Machac as Franz
 Christine Ratej as Hanni
 Helmuth Silbergasser as Stephan
 Renate Schmidt as Verkäuferin
 Josef Krastel as Ladenbesitzer
 Herbert Fux as Lastwagenfahrer
 Walter Regelsberger as Verkehrspolizist

External links

1962 films
1960s thriller films
German thriller films
West German films
1960s German-language films
Films directed by Wolfgang Schleif
German black-and-white films
Films based on German novels
1960s German films


Dr. Ali Saad () (b. Damascus, 1953) is a former Minister of Education in Syria, an Elected Member of the Central Committee, and a member of the Baath Party. He holds a Ph.D. degree in psychology from the University of Bucharest.

References

External links
Veiled order bans niqab in Syrian classrooms, Phil Sands, The National, 8 July 2010
Syria's niqab ban is part of a clash within Islam itself, Faisal al Yafai, Cif Belief at The Guardian, 19 July 2011
Syria bans niqab from universities, AP, The Guardian, 20 July 2010
Syria relaxes veil ban for teachers, AP, 6 April 2011
Q&A: Ali Sa'ad Minister of Education, Dalia Haidar, Syria Today, February 2011

1953 births
Living people
Syrian ministers of education
University of Bucharest alumni
Damascus University alumni
Politicians from Damascus
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region politicians


Emma Lake or Lake Emma may refer to:

Emma Lake, Saskatchewan, a community in Saskatchewan
Emma Lake (Saskatchewan), a lake in Saskatchewan
Lake Emma (South Dakota), a lake in North Dakota

See also
Emma Lake Artist's Workshops
Lake Emma Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota


V Sport Motor is a Swedish motorsport channel that launched on 17 October 2008.

Events broadcast on the channel include Formula One, NASCAR, IndyCar, GP2, WRC, European Rallycross Championship, Formula 1 boat, Offshore Class 1, 24 hours of Nürburgring and MotoGP.

In 2020, the channel's name was changed from Viasat Motor to V Sport Motor.

Commentators
Janne Blomqvist (Sweden)
Eje Elgh (Sweden)
Ted Westerfors (Sweden)
Frida Nordstrand (Sweden)
Henka Gustafsson (Sweden)
Hubbe Berg (Sweden)
Johan Stigefeldt (Sweden)
Niklas Jihde (Sweden)
Thomas Nilsson (Sweden)
Tobias Lyon (Sweden)
Atle Gulbrandsen (Norway)
Thomas Schie (Norway)
Henning Isdal (Norway)
Stein Pettersen (Norway)
Stein Rømmerud (Norway)
Dag Steinar Sundby (Norway)

References

External links
Viasat Motor
Viasat Motor

V Sport
Auto racing mass media
Defunct television channels in Norway
Television channels in Norway
Television channels in Sweden
Television channels and stations established in 2008


John Andrew Hummel (January 26, 1951 – July 19, 2010) was an American bassist and singer-songwriter best known as the bass player of Big Star.

Background and career
Hummel was born January 26, 1951, in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, to John Vernon and Barbara Walker Hummel, who was crowned Miss America in 1947. He was raised in Memphis, Tennessee, and graduated in 1969 from Memphis University School.

Hummel became good friends with Chris Bell during high school, and the pair frequently performed along with several other musicians, including drummer Jody Stephens, whom they had known since junior high school, in a band known as Icewater. In 1971, Bell asked singer Alex Chilton to join him, Hummel, and Stephens in a group that would eventually be named Big Star.

Hummel recorded with Big Star on two of their three albums, #1 Record and Radio City. Hummel contributed as bass player as well as writer on "The India Song" on #1 Record. On the Radio City album, he wrote "Way Out West" and co-wrote on "Life Is White", "What's Going Ahn", "Back of a Car", and "Daisy Glaze".

After the release of Radio City, Hummel faced the choice of staying with the band and dropping out of university, or leaving the band and finishing college. Ultimately, he chose college, and went on to earn a B.A. in English Literature from Rhodes College in Memphis in 1974, planning on a career in teaching. Hummel again returned to school and earned an associate degree in Mechanical Engineering Technology from State Technical Institute at Memphis in 1978. In 1999, he earned an MBA in Finance from the University of Dallas.

Hummel later moved to Fort Worth, Texas, in 1978. He was a 30-year employee of Lockheed Martin. He and Patti Martin were married November 3, 1979. They had three children: a daughter, Cady, and two sons, Drew and Walker.

Big Star reunited in the mid-1990s without Chris Bell, who had died in a car crash in 1978. Hummel also declined to take part, though in March 2010, he played at a special performance at SXSW in honor of Alex Chilton, who had died suddenly just three days prior.

Four months later, Hummel died of cancer, on July 19, 2010.

Discography

Albums
Studio albums
#1 Record (Ardent/Stax, 1972)
Radio City (Ardent/Stax, 1974)

References

1951 births
2010 deaths
University of Dallas alumni
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
American male singers
Big Star members
Power pop musicians
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American singers
Musicians from Chester County, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
Guitarists from Pennsylvania
Memphis University School alumni


Ashton-in-Makerfield railway station was a railway station serving the town of Ashton-in-Makerfield, although it was located in the neighbouring village of Haydock, formerly in Lancashire (now Merseyside), England.

The station was located where Lodge Lane (A49) crossed the Liverpool, St Helens and South Lancashire Railway line from Lowton St Mary's to the original St Helens Central railway station.

History
Opened by the Liverpool, St Helens and South Lancashire Railway, as part of the Great Central Railway, it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway at the Grouping of 1923. The line and station passed to the Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948, but was transferred to the London Midland Region later that year.

Services

In 1922 five "down" (towards St Helens) trains called at the station, on Mondays to Saturdays. These called at all stations from Manchester Central to St Helens via Glazebrook and Culcheth. No trains called on Sundays.

By 1948 four trains plied between St Helens Central and Manchester Central, calling at all stations, Monday to Friday, reduced to three on Saturdays. No trains called on Sundays.

A fuller selection of public and working timetables has now been published. Among other things this suggests that Sunday services ran until 1914, but had ceased by 1922, never to return.

Closure and afterlife
The station was closed to passengers by the British Railways Board in 1952.

From 1952 until 5 October 1963 some race day specials to Haydock Park had deposited their passengers at the racecourse then travelled to St Helens for servicing, turning and to await their turn to return in the evening. Others did the same at Ashton-in-Makerfield. A more recent source states that the last such trains ran on 4 January 1965.

Enthusiasts' railtours travelled the line on 29 September 1956 and 21 September 1963.

The final such tour visited the station on 24 August 1968. Although a last, this tour was also a first, being the first passenger train over a new connection between the line to Ashton and the WCML at the new "Haydock Branch Junction" north of Golborne, which had opened on 22 April 1968. By providing this connection the line between Edge Green and Lowton St Mary's could be abandoned and, in particular, its bridge over the to-be-electrified WCML could be removed. This occurred in 1971.

Services to and through Ashton finally ended in 1988, but its last years were not mere decline. Two services used the station and one passed through it. In 1963 Lowton Metals started to use the station's goods yard as a rail-served base for its scrap metal business. This traffic ended in 1987. In July 1968 the line to the west was reopened to serve a new oil distribution depot at Haydock. This traffic continued until 1983. In 1975 an experiment was conducted in reviving race traffic, using Ashton station instead of Haydock Park. Special trains were run to at least five meetings, but the experiment was not continued.

The site today

The station site has been landscaped as part of a business park.

References

Sources

External links
 Ashton in Makerfield at Disused Stations
 The station on an 1888-1913 Overlay OS Map via National Library of Scotland
 The station on a 1948 OS Map in npe Maps
 The station and line overlain on many maps in Rail Map Online
 Station and line HOB2 via railwaycodes

Former Great Central Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1900
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Disused railway stations in St Helens, Merseyside
Ashton-in-Makerfield


The Orange County Review is a weekly newspaper based in Orange, Virginia owned by Lee Enterprises. The newspaper focuses on local community news. Public notices from the county commissioners also appear in the newspaper.

References

Newspapers published in Virginia
Orange County, Virginia