BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), first published by the Building Research Establishment (BRE) in 1990, is the world's longest established method of assessing, rating, and certifying the sustainability of buildings.  More than 550,000 buildings have been 'BREEAM-certified' and over two million are registered for certification in more than 50 countries worldwide. BREEAM also has a tool which focuses on neighbourhood development.

Purpose
BREEAM is an assessment undertaken by independent licensed assessors using scientifically-based sustainability metrics and indices which cover a range of environmental issues. Its categories evaluate energy and water use, health and wellbeing, pollution, transport, materials, waste, ecology and management processes. Buildings are rated and certified on a scale of 'Pass', 'Good', 'Very Good', 'Excellent' and 'Outstanding'.

It works to raise awareness amongst owners, occupiers and designers of the benefits of taking a sustainable approach, providing a framework to help them to successfully adopt sustainable solutions in a cost-effective manner, and provides market recognition of their achievements. It aims to reduce the negative effects of construction and development on the environment.

History
Work on creating BREEAM began at the Building Research Establishment (based in Watford, England) in 1988. The first version for assessing new office buildings was launched in 1990. This was followed by versions for other buildings including superstores, industrial units and existing offices.

In 1998, there was a major revamp of the BREEAM Offices standard, and the scheme's layout, with features such as weighting for different sustainability issues, was established. The development of BREEAM then accelerated with annual updates and variations for other building types such as retail premises being introduced.

A version of BREEAM for new homes called EcoHomes was launched in 2000. This scheme was later used as the basis of the Code for Sustainable Homes, which was developed by BRE for the UK Government in 2006/7 and replaced Eco Homes in England and Wales. In 2014, the Government in England signalled the winding down the Code for Sustainable Homes. Since then BRE has developed the Home Quality Mark, which is part of the BREEAM family of schemes.

An extensive update of all BREEAM schemes in 2008 resulted in the introduction of mandatory post-construction reviews, minimum standards and innovation credits. International versions of BREEAM were also launched that year.

Another major update in 2011 resulted in the launch of BREEAM New Construction, which is now used to assess and certify all new UK buildings. This revision included the reclassification and consolidation of issues and criteria to further streamline the BREEAM process. In 2012, a scheme for domestic refurbishment was introduced in the UK, followed by a non-domestic version in 2014 that was expanded to an international scope the following year.

In 2015, the Building Research Establishment announced the acquisition of CEEQUAL following a recommendation from their board, with the aim of creating a single sustainability rating scheme for civil engineering and infrastructure projects.

The 2018 update of BREEAM UK New Construction was launched in March 2018 at Ecobuild.

The BREEAM UK New Construction V6 was released on 24 August 2022 following the updates to building regulations in England that came into force on 15 June 2022 and V6.1 (to incorporate changes to the building regulations for energy performance in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland) on 14 June 2023.

Scope
BREEAM has expanded from its original focus on individual new buildings at the construction stage to encompass the whole life cycle of buildings from planning to in-use and refurbishment. Its regular revisions and updates are driven by the ongoing need to improve sustainability, respond to feedback from industry and support the UK's sustainability strategies and commitments.

Highly flexible, the BREEAM standard can be applied to virtually any building and location, with versions for new buildings, existing buildings, refurbishment projects and large developments:

BREEAM New Construction is the BREEAM standard against which the sustainability of new, non-residential buildings in the UK is assessed. Developers and their project teams use the scheme at key stages in the design and procurement process to measure, evaluate, improve and reflect the performance of their buildings.

BREEAM International New Construction is the BREEAM standard for assessing the sustainability of new residential and non-residential buildings in countries around the world, except for the UK and other countries with a national BREEAM scheme (see below). This scheme makes use of assessment criteria that take account of the circumstances, priorities, codes and standards of the country or region in which the development is located.

BREEAM In-Use is a scheme to help building managers reduce the running costs and improve the environmental performance of existing buildings. It has two parts: building asset and building management. Both parts are relevant to all non-domestic, commercial, industrial, retail and institutional buildings. BREEAM In-Use is widely used by members of the International Sustainability Alliance (ISA), which provides a platform for certification against the scheme. The newest version v6, available from 2020 includes also Residential programs.

BREEAM Refurbishment provides a design and assessment method for sustainable housing refurbishment projects, helping to cost-effectively improve the sustainability and environmental performance of existing dwellings in a robust way. A scheme for non-housing refurbishment projects is being developed and is targeted for launch in early 2014. The launch date will be announced once the piloting and independent peer review processes has been completed.

BREEAM Communities focuses on the masterplanning of whole communities. It is aimed at helping construction industry professionals to design places that people want to live and work in, are good for the environment and are economically successful.

BREEAM includes several general sustainability categories for the assessment:
 Management
 Energy
 Health and wellbeing
 Transport
 Water
 Materials
 Waste
 Land use and ecology
 Pollution

Home Quality Mark was launched in 2015 as part of the BREEAM family of schemes. It rates new homes on their overall quality and sustainability, then provides further indicators on the homes impact upon the occupants 'Running costs', 'Health and wellbeing' and 'Environmental footprint'.

National operators
BREEAM is used in more than 70 countries, with several in Europe having gone a stage further to develop country-specific BREEAM schemes operated by National Scheme Operators (NSOs). There are currently NSOs affiliated to BREEAM in:

 Netherlands: the Dutch Green Building Council operates BREEAM NL
 Spain: the Instituto Tecnológico de Galicia operates BREEAM ES
 Norway: the Norwegian Green Building Council operates BREEAM NOR
 Sweden: the Swedish Green Building Council operates BREEAM SE
 Germany: the German Institute for Sustainable Real Estate (DIFNI) operates BREEAM DE.

Schemes developed by NSOs can take any format as long as they comply with a set of overarching requirements laid down in the Code for a Sustainable Built Environment. They can be produced from scratch by adapting current BREEAM schemes to the local context, or by developing existing local schemes.

The cost and value of sustainability
A growing body of research evidence is challenging the perception that sustainable buildings are significantly more costly to design and build than those that simply adhere to regulatory requirements. Research by the Sweett Group into projects using BREEAM, for example, demonstrates that sustainable options often add little or no capital cost to a development project. Where such measures do incur additional costs, these can frequently be paid back through lower running expenses, ultimately leading to saving over the life of the building.

Research studies have also highlighted the enhanced value and quality of sustainable buildings. Achieving the standards required by BREEAM requires careful planning, design, specification and detailing, and a good working relationship between the client and project team—the very qualities that can produce better buildings and better conditions for building users. A survey commissioned by Schneider Electric and undertaken by BSRIA examined the experiences of a wide range of companies that had used BREEAM. The findings included, for example, that 88% think it is a good thing, 96% would use the scheme again and 88% would recommend BREEAM to others.

The greater efficiency and quality associated with sustainability are also helping to make such building more commercially successful. There is growing evidence, for example, that BREEAM-rated buildings provide increased rates of return for investors, and increased rental rates and sales premiums for developers and owners. A Maastricht University document, published by RICS Research, reported on a study of the effect of BREEAM certification on office buildings in London from 2000–2009. It found, for example, that these buildings achieved a 21% premium on transaction prices and an 18% premium on rents.

See also
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
Sustainable refurbishment

References

External links
 BREEAM website

 Website of the Building Research Establishment

Building energy rating
Building engineering
Construction
Environmental design
Environmental engineering
Low-energy building in the United Kingdom
Science and technology in Hertfordshire
Sustainability
Sustainable building in the United Kingdom
Sustainable building rating systems
Sustainable design
Sustainable development


Eric Doyle (birth unknown) is an Irish former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played at representative level for Ireland, and at club level for Dublin Blues.

International honours
Captained Ireland &  won caps for Ireland while at Dublin Blues 1996 11 caps (sub).

References

Living people
Dublin Blues Rugby League players
Ireland national rugby league team players
Irish rugby league players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rugby league players from County Dublin
Year of birth missing (living people)


Kunnicode  is a town on NH 744 (Kollam-Thirumangalam highway) in the Kollam District.

Location
It is located  from Kottarakkara,  from Pathanapuram and  from Punalur.

Politics
Kunnicode is a part of Pathanapuram Assembly in Mavelikara (Lok Sabha constituency). Shri Kodikunnil Suresh is the present member of parliament. Shri K. B. Ganesh Kumar is the current MLA.

Transportation
There is a recent proposal to construct Sabari ByPass, which serves as an alternative to travel from Thiruvananthapuram to Sabarimala (The normal route is through Kottarakkara, Adoor and Pathanamthitta).  This proposed route passes through Kunnicode.

References

Villages in Kollam district


Roads in Serbia are the backbone of its transportation system and an important part of the European road network. The total length of roads in  the country is 45,419 km, and they are categorized as "state roads" (total length of 16,179 km) or "municipal roads" (total length of 23,780 km). All state roads in Serbia are maintained by the public, nation-wide, road construction company JP Putevi Srbije.

State roads

Major roads in the country are designated as "state roads", most of which are paved. They are categorized into class I and class II, each with two sub-classes, A and B.

State roads, class IA

Roads that are motorways are categorized as state roads, class IA, and are marked with one-digit numbers (the "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4", "A5", "A6", "A7", "A8" and "A9" road designations represent "autoput", the Serbian word for motorway). As of June 2022, there are 937.3 km of motorways (, ) in total. Motorways in Serbia have three lanes in each direction (including the hard shoulder), signs are white-on-green, and the normal speed limit is 130 km/h.

State roads, class IB
Roads categorized as state roads, class IB are 4,486 km in total length as of June 2022 and are marked with two-digit numbers. They have one lane in each direction, signs are black-on-yellow and the normal speed limit is 80 km/h.

Some of these roads are or will be partially expressways (, ), such as the 24 km-long stretch of State Road 24 between Kragujevac and Batočina (intersection with A1 motorway) and the planned upgrade of the 27 km-long section of State Road 21 between Novi Sad and Ruma (intersection with A1 motorway). Expressways, unlike motorways, do not have emergency lanes, signs are white-on-blue and the normal speed limit is 100 km/h.

Kosovo
Roads that partly or entirely lay in Kosovo (see Roads in Kosovo).

State roads, class IIA
State roads, class IIA, are marked with three-digit numbers, the first digit being 1 or 2. The total length of these roads is 7,799 km as of June 2022.

State roads, class IIB
State roads, class IIB, are marked with three-digit numbers, first digit being 3 or 4. Total length of these roads is 3,156 km as of June 2022.

Municipal roads

Minor, local roads in the country are designated as "municipal roads".
Total length of these roads is 23,780 km and some two-thirds are paved roads, while the rest are consisted of macadam and earthen roads.

European routes
The following European routes pass through Serbia:
  E65: Rožaje, Montenegro – Tutin – Mitrovica – Pristina – Elez Han, Kosovo – Skopje, North Macedonia.
  E70: Slavonski Brod, Croatia – Šid – Belgrade – Vršac – Timișoara, Romania.
 section between Belgrade and border with Croatia is built to motorway standards.
  E75: Szeged, Hungary – Subotica – Novi Sad – Beška Bridge – Belgrade – Niš – Leskovac – Vranje – Preševo – Kumanovo, North Macedonia.
 section from border with Hungary to border with Northern Macedonia is built to motorway standards.
  E80: Rožaje, Montenegro – Peja – Pristina, Kosovo – Prokuplje – Niš – Niška Banja – Pirot – Dimitrovgrad – Sofia, Bulgaria.
 section between Niš and border with Bulgaria is built to motorway standards.
  E662: Subotica – Sombor – Bezdan – Osijek, Croatia.
  E761: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina – Užice – Čačak –  Kraljevo – Kruševac – Pojate – Paraćin – Zaječar.
 section between Pojate and Paraćin is built to motorway standards and co-signed with E75.
  E763: Belgrade – Čačak – Nova Varoš – Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.
 section between Belgrade and Preljina is built to motorway standards.
  E771: Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania – Zaječar – Niš.

References

External links
 Putevi Srbije

See also
Road signs in Serbia

Transport in Serbia


Motorways in Serbia are called auto-put (), a name which simply means car-road. Roads that are motorways are categorized as state roads of IA category and are marked with one-digit numbers. Motorways in Serbia have three lanes in each direction (including hard shoulder), signs are white-on-green, and the normal speed limit is  (since June 2018). They are maintained and operated by the national road operator company JP "Putevi Srbije" ("Roads of Serbia").

As of May 2023, there are  of motorways in service (excluding Kosovo).

List of motorways
As the Serbian word for motorway is "autoput", the "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4" and "A5" road designations are used since 2013. After a revision in October 2023, 4 new motorway signs have been added: "A6", "A7", "A8" and "A9".

A1 motorway

A1 runs from the Horgoš border crossing with Hungary near Subotica, passing Novi Sad, Belgrade (A3 and A2 junction), Pojate near Kruševac (A5 junction), Niš (A4 junction), Leskovac and Vranje and eventually ends at the Preševo border crossing with North Macedonia. This motorway is part of European route E75.

A2 motorway

A2 is a motorway under construction that will link Belgrade with Republika Srpska and Montenegro. The route passes Obrenovac, Čačak, Požega, Užice and ends at Kotroman (at the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina i.e. Republica Srpska), i.e. Arilje, Ivanjica and ends at Boljare (at the border with Montenegro).

As of 2023, the Pakovraće - Požega section is in construction, with Požega - Boljare section in planning.

A3 motorway

A3 is runs from Batrovci border crossing with Croatia, passing Sremska Mitrovica and Ruma and ends at Dobanovci interchange near Belgrade.

A4 motorway

A4 is a motorway that connects the A1 motorway near Niš to Gradina border crossing with Bulgaria, part of European route E80.

A5 motorway

A5 is a motorway under construction that will link A1 with A2. The route starts at Pojate interchange near Ćićevac, passes Kruševac and Kraljevo and ends at Preljina interchange near Čačak. Construction of this stretch started in December 2019.

A8 motorway

A8 is a motorway that links the A3 motorway with the future Šabac-Loznica expressway. The route starts at the interchange near Ruma, passes Hrtkovci and ends near Šabac.

Planned motorways

Network expansion
Over 300 kilometers of new motorways have been constructed in the last decade and an additional  are currently under construction including: A5 motorway (from Pojate to Preljina); a -long segment of A2 (between Čačak and Požega); an  section between Kuzmin and Sremska Rača.

See also
Transport in Serbia
List of controlled-access highway systems
Evolution of motorway construction in European nations

References

External links

 Regulation of State Roads


The A3 motorway () is a motorway in Serbia which spans approximately  and is part of the European route E70 through Serbia. It crosses the Syrmia region from east to west, starting at Belgrade and ending at the border crossing with Croatia.

Route
The A3 motorway begins near Šid, at the Batrovci border crossing with Croatia, and runs westward across the Syrmia region, near Sremska Mitrovica and Ruma. At the Dobanovci interchange near the outskirts of Belgrade, A3 meets the Belgrade bypass. East od Dobanovci, the A3 continues through Belgrade as the Belgrade city motorway (), a  long urban highway which ends at Bubanj Potok interchange where it meets the A1.

The main toll stations of the A3 are located at Batrovci near Šid and Šimanovci near Dobanovci. The Belgrade city motorway section between Šimanovci and Bubanj Potok interchanges is toll-free, serving as one of main city arteries. It includes the exit to Nikola Tesla Airport, located just south of the A3.

History
The A3 motorway is part of the old Belgrade-Zagreb motorway, known as Brotherhood and Unity Highway which was built after World War II, by young volunteers, and opened to traffic in 1950, first as a single carriageway. The second carriageway from Belgrade to Sremska Mitrovica was completed in 1977, while the section from Sremska Mitrovica to Šid was opened to traffic in 1987.

List of exits

See also
 Transport in Serbia
 National Road (M)1

References

External links

 Regulation of State Roads

Motorways in Serbia
Transport in Belgrade
Srem District


Cincinnati Northern Railroad or Cincinnati Northern Railway may refer to:
Cincinnati Northern Railroad (1894–1938) in Ohio and Michigan, later part of the New York Central Railroad
Cincinnati Northern Railway (1880–1883) in Ohio, later part of the Pennsylvania Railroad


Pob Pee Fah (; ) is a Thai ghost story, made as a TV series (known as a lakorn, the Thai equivalent of a soap opera). Set partly in the 19th century, it shares some plot details with an earlier series, Jao Nang, which aired in 1990, and on which some observers believe it was based.

Pob Pee Fah was considered by many to be one of the scariest of Thai lakorns, and actress Woranut Wongsawan, appearing in her first lakorn, claimed in a later interview that a real Pee Fah (a type of Thai ghost) appeared during the shooting of one of the scenes.

The legend
The story is based on an old Thai legend of a type of ghost or spirit known as a Pee Fah (), or Phi Pop ().

The Pee Fah needs to possess a host in order to live, and only leaves the host's body when the host is asleep. Before the host dies, the Pee Fah must find a new host in which it can reside, and that is achieved by inducing the new victim to consume saliva from the old host. These ghosts are powerful and fearful, and if one succeeds in entering someone, it will possess them for life, feeding on the intestines and blood of human victims.

A Pee Fah can be banished from its host by the performance of a special dance, in which the exorcist moves in whirlpool-like motions. The ghost is drawn out by the whirling effects, and so leaves the host's body.

The original version of the legend tells of a Prince who was a practitioner of magic, and who discovered an incantation that enabled him to enter and possess the bodies of living victims. On one occasion when the prince said the magic words to enter the body of an animal, his servant overheard him, and used the words to enter the vacated body of the Prince.

The Prince, having discovered his servant's action, entered the body of a bird and flew to his wife to seek help. Between them they destroyed the body of the servant. Next, the prince (in the bird's body) challenged the servant (in the prince's body) to enter the body of an animal. When the servant foolishly entered and took control of the animal's body, the real Prince re-entered his own body, leaving the spirit of the servant with no body of his own to return to.

From that day on, the spirit of the servant was condemned to seeking a succession of new hosts.

Plot summary
Pob Pee Fah tells the tale of a princess, how she is originally possessed by a spirit or ghost known as a Pee Fah, or Pee Pob, and how the ghost subsequently takes possession of her descendants, one generation at a time.

First Generation

In the 19th century, in the northeast of Thailand, Princess Nang Fah leaves her palace with two of her royal servants, to go and live in a rural village. At the time, the area is being haunted by a fearful spirit, the Pee Fah, which, according to legend, possesses its hosts and, using their bodies, feasts on the intestines and blood of its human victims.

The princess was, in fact, the granddaughter of an exorcist who had previously combated the spirit, and she had been practicing the traditional exorcism dance for years as she grew up.

The dance was beautiful, but using it for an exorcism is a dangerous undertaking, and as Nang Fah makes her attempt, the Pee Fah is able to enter her body after she inadvertently takes in some of its saliva, which it has deposited on a nearby green leaf. The spirit has successfully continued its revenge against the princess's family of exorcists.

Possessed, she has become Pee Nang Fah (the ghost Nang Fah), and a new generation of Pee Fah is released to continue its bloody nightly hunts.

Second Generation

Nang Fah marries a brave man and they have a daughter. But her husband discovers her secret when he catches her about to kill their own daughter for food. He offers to take her place instead, and the daughter is saved. As time passes and as Nang Fah ages, she transfers some of her saliva to her daughter and her daughter is possessed by the Pee Fah, becoming the next Pee Nang Fah.

She becomes the most evil manifestation of them all, by day having the appearance of a normal woman. But when hunting with Nang Fah's royal servant at night, she changes into a beautiful princess with a green face, and pursues travelers who pass during the night. Before she kills them, she dances the whirlpool dance to appear even more dreadful.

The Last Generation?

The daughter of Nang Fah marries a handsome man and they in turn have a daughter of their own. She is named "Kaew", and is destined to become the next Pee Nang Fah in turn.

When Kaew's father unexpectedly dies from an illness, a young doctor who visits the village hears stories of local people who have mysteriously died or disappeared. He investigates, and discovers that the killer is Kaew's mother, possessed by the Pee Fah. Kaew refuses to believe him when told, being firmly convinced that her mother is just an ordinary old lady.

What will happen to Kaew? Will she stop her mother and end the Pee Nang Fah line, or will she become the next to take up the terrible role?

The Pob Pee Fah Song and Dance

In the opening sequence, the series star Woranut Wongsawan sings and performs a version of the exorcism dance, mixing it with northeastern Thai traditional dancing. Having to dance its subtle movements while wearing traditional dress, Woranut needed to practice for several months before shooting started.

Remake

A remake of Pob Pee Fah in the form of a new lakorn was announced in 2009, with the award winning actress Chiranan Manochaem in the role of Pee Nang Fah.

Pee Fah appearances in Thailand
In 2007, following the mysterious deaths of four villagers in the Sam Chai district of the northeastern Thai province of Kalasin, 1,000 residents, fearing the cause to be evil spirits, raised 35,000 baht to pay for the exorcism of a Pee Fah, believed to be possessing two of the female villagers.

References

External links
 Pee Fah information

Channel 7 (Thailand) original programming
Thai historical television series
Thai mystery television series
1997 Thai television series debuts
1997 Thai television series endings
1990s Thai television series


*Fraujaz or *Frauwaz (Old High German frô for earlier frôjo, frouwo, Old Saxon frao, frōio, Gothic frauja, Old English frēa, Old Norse freyr), feminine *Frawjōn (OHG frouwa, Old Saxon frūa, Old English frōwe, Goth. *fraujō, Old Norse freyja) is a Common Germanic honorific meaning "lord", "lady", especially of deities.

The epithet came to be used as a proper name of two separate deities in Norse mythology, Freyr and Freyja.

Etymology
The term's etymology is ultimately from a PIE *pro-w-(y)o-s, containing *pro- "in front" (c.f. first, Fürst and Sanskrit purohita "high priest", lit. "placed foremost or in front").

Variants indicate n-stems *fraujan-, *frōwōn-. The feminine *frawjōn  "lady, domina" in Old English is attested only in a single isolated occurrence as frēo "woman" in the translation of the fragmentary Old Saxon Genesis poem, in the alliterating phrase frēo fægroste "fairest of women".

The stem was confused from early times with *frīj-, which has variants  frēo-, frīo-, frēa- (a contraction of *īj- and a following back vowel) beside a less frequent  frīg- (/fri:j-/), by development of a glide between ī and a following front vowel. The two forms would originally have figured in complementary distribution within the same paradigm (e.g. masculine nominative singular frēo, masculine genitive singular frīges), but in attested Old English analogical forms are already present and the distribution is no longer complementary

Direct use
In both Old Norse and Old High German the female epithet became a female honorific "lady", in German Frau further weakened to the standard address "Mrs." and further to the normal word for "woman", replacing earlier wîp (English wife) and qinô (English queen) "woman".
Just as  Norse Freyja is usually interpreted as a hypostasis of *Frijjō (Frigg), Norse Freyr is associated with Ingwaz (Yngvi) based on the Ynglingasaga which names Yngvi-Freyr as the ancestor of the kings of Sweden, which as Common Germanic *Ingwia-fraujaz would have designated the "lord of the Ingvaeones.

The epithet came to be used as the proper name of two separate deities in Norse mythology, Freyr and Freyja. Both Freyr and Freyja are represented zoomorphically by the pig: Freyr has  Gullinbursti ("golden bristles") while Freyja has  Hildisvíni has ("battle-pig"), and one of Freyja's many names is Syr, i.e. "sow".

For Old Norse, Snorri says that freyja is a tignarnafn (name of honour) derived from the goddess, that grand ladies, rîkiskonur, are freyjur. The goddess should be in Swed. Fröa, Dan. Frøe; the Swed. folk-song of Thor's hammer calls Freyja Froijenborg (the Dan. Fridlefsborg), a Danish one has already the foreign Fru. The Second Merseburg Charm may have Frûa = Frôwa as the proper name of the goddess, although the word in question is difficult to read and usually read as Frija; Frigg.

Although Saxo is silent about this goddess (and her father) scholars expect that he would have called her Fröa.

In Germanic Christianity, the epithet became a name of God, translating ,  (Gothic frauja, Old English frēa, Old High German frô).

Grimm attaches significance to the avoidance and the grammatical peculiarities of the lexeme in OHG:
"the reference to a higher being is unmistakable, and in the Middle ages there still seems to hang about the compounds with vrôn something weird, unearthly, a sense of old sacredness; this may account for the rare occurrence and the early disappearance of the OHG. frô, and even for the grammatical immobility of frôno; it is as though an echo of heathenism could still be detected in them."

Other cognates and derivatives
Old Norse Freyr would correspond to a Gothic *fráus or *fravis, instead of which Ulfila has fráuja (gen. fráujins) to translate , pointing to a proto-form *frawjaz in North Germanic, but a *frauwaz in West Germanic and Gothic.

In Old High German, the full form *frouwo was already lost, the writers preferring truhtîn and hêrro "lord". In Old Low German it survives in the vocative, as frô mîn! "my lord!". The Heliand has frô mîn the gôdo, waldand frô mîn, drohtîn frô mîn, besides frôho (gen. frôhon) and frâho (gen. frâhon).

Old English freá (gen. freán,  for freâan, freâwan) is more common in poetry, as in  freá ælmihtig (Cædmon 1.9; 10.1), and it also forms compounds: âgendfreá, aldorfreá, folcfreá and even combines with dryhten (freádryhten, Cædm. 54.29, gen. freahdrihtnes, Beowulf 1585, dat. freodryhtne 5150).

Along with OHG frô, there is also found an indeclinable adjective frôno, which is placed before or after substantives, to impart the notion of lordly, high, and holy. For example in der frône bote "the angel of the Lord", conspicuously avoiding the genitive singular (*frôin bote).
It survives in Modern German as Fron- in compounds such as Frondienst "socage", whence also a verb frönen.

The word occurs in given names, such as Gothic Fráuja or Fráujila, OHG Frewilo, AS Wûscfreá Old English freáwine in Beowulf is an  epithet of divine or god-loved heroes and kings, but Freáwine (Saxo's Frowinus) is also attested as a personal name, reflected also as OHG Frôwin, while the Edda has  uses Freys vinr of Sigurðr and Saxo says of the Swedish heroes in the Bråvalla fight that they were Frö dei necessarii. Skaldic 'fiörnis freyr, myrðifreyr (Kormakssaga)  means "hero" or "man". In the same way the Kormakssaga uses fem. freyja in the sense "woman, lady".

In popular culture
In Total War: Rome II, Fraujaz is one of the six principal deities of the Suebi, along with Thunaraz, Frijjō, Teiwaz, Wōdanaz and Austo.

See also
Drohtin
Frijjō
Yngvi
Irmin
Dís
God (word)
Names of God in Old English poetry

References

Sources
Jacob Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, ch. 10.

Jacob Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch:
 Fron
 Frau.

Further reading

Germanic words and phrases
Germanic deities
Reconstructed words
Titles
Noble titles
Etymologies


RSTV or RStV may refer to:

Rajya Sabha TV, Indian television channel owned and operated by Rajya Sabha
Rivers State Television, television station in Port Harcourt city, Rivers State, Nigeria
Redemption Song (TV series), American reality television show
Rundfunkstaatsvertrag, abbreviated as RStV, nationwide law for radio station and television licensing in Germany


Iraya can refer to:

 Iraya people, an ethnic group of the Mangyan people
 Iraya language, spoken by Mangyans in the province of Mindoro in the Philippines.
 Iraya Robles, a queercore musician with band Sta-Prest
 Mount Iraya, a volcano in the Philippines


Henry Albert March (December 14, 1862 – June 20, 1917) was a physician and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Lunenburg County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1906 to 1909 as a Liberal member.

Early life and education
He was born in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, the son of Stephen March, born in Dorsetshire, England, and Elizabeth Keating. March was educated at Acadia College and the medical school of the University of Michigan.

Career
He practiced for a short time in Ann Arbor, Michigan before returning to Bridgewater, where he served the community as a physician for 25 years. In 1887, he married Dotte B. Cook. In 1913, he moved to Lockeport. March was coroner for Lunenburg County and surgeon for the county asylum; he was also health officer for Bridgeport. He served as president of the provincial medical society in 1904 and 1905 and was vice-president of the British Medical Society in 1906. He was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1906 and served until his resignation in 1909.

Death
He dies on June 20, 1917, in Lunenburg.

References

 Allison, D & Tuck, CE History of Nova Scotia, Vol. 3 (1916) p. 506-7

1862 births
1917 deaths
Nova Scotia Liberal Party MLAs
People from Bridgewater, Nova Scotia
University of Michigan Medical School alumni
Canadian coroners


Francisco de Meneses Brito (died 1672) was Royal Governor of Chile between 1664 and 1667.

Biography
Born in Cádiz in 1615, was the son of Alonso de Meneses and Catalina Corbalán de Castilla. His wife was Catalina Bravo, daughter of Francisco Bravo de Saravia Ovalle (1st Marquess of la Pica) and Marcela Henestrosa Sáenz de Mena.

Sources

1672 deaths
Royal Governors of Chile
Spanish generals
Spanish military personnel
17th-century Spanish people
Year of birth unknown
1615 births


Tanya Halesworth (1935 – 8 October 2008) was best known as an Australian television personality, but was also a teacher, actor, public relations adviser and manager, and psychologist. She won the  1961 TV Week Logie Award for Most Popular Female in New South Wales. Tony Stephens wrote in his obituary that "during her time on television, hers was one of the most recognisable faces in Australia".

Early life
Halesworth was born in Brisbane to Iris Kemp and Reg Kemp. Reg left the family not long after Tanya's birth; her mother remarried and had three sons. The family moved to Sydney and Tanya went to Darlinghurst Primary School and then the selective Sydney Girls High School. In 1951, she was vice-captain of the school.

She worked as a clerk in a sheriff's office, before training as a teacher at Bathurst Teacher's College. She taught in primary schools for three years, as well as acting with small theatre companies and working on TV commercials. In 1955 she married teacher Brian Halesworth, but they were divorced in 1959.

Television career
In 1958, when she was 23 years old, she won a job as a studio announcer with the ABC, beating 200 applicants. Christine Hogan, speaking on women in the media, described her as "a school teacher with a dramatic bent". By 1961 her work for the ABC included the show Six O'Clock Rock. At the same time she was studying for an arts degree at Sydney University and performing in Clare Boothe Luce's The Women at the Independent Theatre.

Halesworth left the ABC in 1962 to join Channel Seven to host a tenpin bowling program. It was here that she met interviewer and announcer, John Bailey, who was later to become her husband. For the next two years she worked on shows such as Talking Point as well as continuing to perform on stage. One of her roles during this time was Juliet in Peter Ustinov's comedy Romanoff and Juliet.

In 1964, having graduated with a first class honours bachelor of arts degree from Sydney University, she went to England where she hosted Granada Television's program The Headliners. However, she returned to Australia in 1965 and married John Bailey in 1967, despite having once reportedly said that "it was entirely against man's instincts to be tied down to one woman". Bailey and Halesworth worked for TEN-10 in Sydney and then GTV-9 in Melbourne. While at GTV-9, Halesworth was one of the presenters of No Man's Land, a daytime current affairs show aimed at a female audience and with an all-female line-up.

From 1965 to 1968, she co-produced with Bill Peach a current affairs show on TEN-10 called Telescope. Peach also anchored the show with Halesworth being one of the reporters, alongside Ken Cook and Tony Ward.

From 1979 to 1980, she hosted ABC's Sunday Spectrum program which was compendium style show comprising a varying mix of documentaries, music, and visiting guests. She also worked on Channel Ten's Good Morning Australia (breakfast TV).

Later career and life
During the 1980s, Halesworth tutored at Macquarie University and completed a master's degree in philosophy, doing her thesis on Karl Marx. She moved into public relations and management, and managed the career of Australian swimmer Tracey Wickham. Her last career was as a psychologist.

John Bailey died in 1998, and Halesworth moved back to Queensland, living first in the Gold Coast and then the Sunshine Coast where she kept practising as a psychologist until becoming ill in late 2007.

She died of cancer on 8 October 2008, and was survived by her three sons, John, Michael and Kieran.

References

1935 births
2008 deaths
Australian women television presenters
Logie Award winners
Macquarie University alumni
People educated at Sydney Girls High School
Australian women psychologists
People from Brisbane
Australian schoolteachers


The Mercedes-Benz GLA is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Mercedes-Benz over two generations. It is essentially the SUV equivalent of the A-Class, and the smallest SUV marketed by the brand. The production version was revealed in August 2013 ahead of the 2013 Frankfurt Auto Show in September 2013.

The GLA is powered by a range of petrol and diesel 4-cylinder engines, and comes in either front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive, the latter marketed by Mercedes as 4Matic.

The GLA nameplate aligns with Mercedes SUV nomenclature, where GL stands for Geländewagen (German for off-road vehicle) and the A designates its overall place in the Mercedes range, in this class, the smallest or A-Class.

Concept models

Concept GLA (2013)
The Concept GLA debuted in the 2013 Auto Shanghai and is powered by a 2.0-litre turbo petrol engine rated , 7-speed dual clutch automatic transmission, driving all wheels via the Mercedes-Benz 4Matic system. The concept included front headlamps with a laser-beam projector, two cameras housed in the front roof rail, 20-inch wheels and fibre-optic ambient interior lighting.

Concept GLA 45 AMG (2013)
The Concept GLA 45 AMG concept car was unveiled at the 2013 Los Angeles Auto Show, as a high-performance version of the GLA with an AMG 2.0-litre four-cylinder twin-scroll turbocharged petrol engine rated  and , 4Matic all wheel drive, AMG Speedshift DCT 7-speed transmission with paddle shifters, and fitted with various AMG-badged accoutrements and an AMG sports exhaust system with an electronically controlled variable vane system to modulate the exhaust note.

Concept GLA 45 AMG (2016)
The 2016 Concept GLA 45 AMG with an AMG 2.0-litre four-cylinder twin-scroll turbocharged petrol engine rated  and , 4Matic all wheel drive, AMG Speedshift DCT 7-speed transmission with paddle shifters, and fitted with various AMG-badged accoutrements and an AMG sports exhaust system with an electronically controlled variable vane system to modulate the exhaust note.

First generation (X156; 2013)

The production X156 GLA is closely based on the Concept GLA design and was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. Orders had been taken beginning from the end of November 2013, and arrived in dealer showrooms during 2014, with Japan and US in the autumn.

At launch, Mercedes-Benz claimed the vehicle was the most aerodynamic in its segment, with a Cd figure of 0.29. The GLA's platform makes use of a strut-type front suspension and a multi-link rear setup, and an electric power steering.

Nissan marketed a restyled variant of the GLA from 2016 to 2019 through its Infiniti brand in North America as the Infiniti Q30 and QX30, sharing the GLA mechanicals with revised exterior sheet metal. The Infiniti derivatives were produced between 2016 and 2019.

Facelift
Mercedes unveiled a mid-life facelift of the GLA at the Detroit Motor Show in January 2017. The updated model came with some cosmetic tweaks on the outside, including a redesigned grille, new front and rear bumpers and updated 18-inch alloy wheels. Moreover, the bi-xenon headlamps of the previous models were replaced by all LED units, while the taillights too were all LED and got a new design pattern. A new Canyon Beige colour option was also added. The interiors carried forward the same dashboard layout, though the infotainment system received a new 8.0-inch screen that was located on top of the centre console in a free-standing layout.

GLA 45 AMG
The design of GLA 45 AMG is based on Concept GLA 45 AMG, with AMG sports suspension (MacPherson strut front axle with stiffer steering knuckles, four-link rear axle, optimised elastokinematics, specially tuned spring/damper units, bigger anti-roll bars), electromechanical AMG speed-sensitive sports steering, AMG high-performance braking system (ventilated, cross-drilled brake discs with grey- or red-painted brake calipers), 3-stage ESP with "SPORT Handling" mode, ESP Curve Dynamic Assist, 5-twin-spoke AMG light-alloy wheels painted titanium grey with high-sheen finish and 235/45 R19 tyres (optional 10-spoke AMG light-alloy wheels in 2 a choice of 2 colours (titanium grey with high-sheen finish, matt black with high-sheen rim flange) 235/40 R 20 tyres), AMG front apron with front splitter in matt titanium grey, AMG 'twin blade' radiator grille in matt titanium grey, black flics (air deflector elements) above the large exterior cooling air intakes, bi-xenon headlamps, side sill panels with titanium grey inserts, 'TURBO AMG' lettering on the front wings and the aluminium roof rails, rear diffuser insert with titanium grey trim, rectangular chrome-plated tailpipe trim at the twin tailpipes.

Launch models of the AMG are sold as "Edition 1", available for one year from market launch, and include a high-gloss black Aerodynamics package with larger front splitter, additional flics in the front apron, and rear aerofoil. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2014 North American International Auto Show with sales from the summer of 2014.

Technical details
The GLA shares its platform with the A-Class and B-Class, with a similar range of petrol and diesel engines. Availability of engines varies between markets.

Engines

Transmissions

Marketing
As part of a partnership between Mercedes-Benz and Nintendo, the two companies released a television commercial featuring Mario driving a Mercedes-Benz GLA in the Japanese market in May 2014 to coincide with the line's Japanese launch. Additional commercials featuring other Mario characters in the same style were released in November 2014, culminating in the GLA becoming a selectable vehicle in Mario Kart 8 and its Switch port with Mercedes' W 25 Silver Arrow and 300 SL Roadster also being included.

Second generation (H247; 2019)

The second generation, introduced on 11 December 2019 at Mercedes media event, is revised from the previous generation. The chassis number, 247, is shared with W247 B-Class and X247 GLB. The GLA uses the second generation MFA2 platform and completes the eight-model W177 A-Class compact based line-up.

The H247 GLA is  shorter in length,  narrower,  higher than the first-generation model, and the wheelbase has been extended by . The H247 GLA has 116 mm more headroom, 45 mm more elbow room and 43 mm more rear shoulder room. The ground clearance has been raised by 9 mm to 143 mm and the front seats are positioned 140 mm higher than in the W177 A-Class. Despite this, there is an added  of front-seat headroom compared to its predecessor.

As with other MFA2-based models, the GLA has suspension with MacPherson struts up front and either a torsion beam or multi-link suspension at the rear. Variable damping control is optional. Inside, the GLA is similar to other MFA2 Mercedes models, featuring a dashboard with a free-standing digital display panel, the MBUX infotainment system, as well as other tech such as a colour Heads-Up Display.

A battery electric version called the EQA was introduced in 2020 as the third battery electric SUV from Mercedes-Benz.

2024 facelift
The GLA receives a facelift, featuring redesigned headlights and taillights. It receives the latest iteration of Mercedes's MBUX infotainment system, which supports wireless Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. It receives updated powertrain options, along with three new optional wheel designs. A dual 10.3-inch screen that originally came part of the Premium Package now comes standard.

Technical details

Powertrain
The second generation GLA has four petrol and four diesel models at launch. The GLA 250 e plug-in hybrid model was revealed in March 2020. The model range for the United States is GLA 250, GLA 4MATIC, and Mercedes-AMG GLA 35 4MATIC.

Transmissions
Only GLA 180 and 200 uses 7-speed 7G-DCT automatic transmission while the rest of engine range uses 8-speed 8G-DCT automatic transmission. The GLA 35 4MATIC AMG uses 8-speed AMG Speedshift automatic transmission. The GLA 250 e 8-speed automatic 8F-DCT. No manual transmission option is available anymore.

Sales

References

External links

GLA-Class
Cars introduced in 2013
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Subcompact crossover sport utility vehicles
Luxury crossover sport utility vehicles
2020s cars


Ingjald Ørbeck Sørheim (28 July 1937 – 18 September 2010) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Labour Party.

He was born in Lena. After moving to Oslo in 1952 he finished his secondary education at Grefsen in 1956, he studied Russian language in the Norwegian military, and in 1960 at the Moscow State University. He then graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.jur. degree in 1965. He was a research assistant in 1964, secretary for the Ottosen Committee in 1966 and adviser for the Labour Party parliamentary group from 1966 to 1969.

He then entered civil service as a head of department in the Ministry of Education and Church Affairs from 1969 to 1976, deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Trade from 1976 to 1979 and the Ministry of the Environment from 1979 to 1982. He was then managing director of the Foundation for Student Life in Oslo for one year, special adviser in NTNF in 1983 and after that practising as a lawyer. From 1980 to 1982 he was a board member of the NTNF and a deputy board member of the NAVF. He has also been a board member of Den norske Bank and deputy chair of Oslo Nye Teater.

Sørheim was active in national politics. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the term 1969–1973. In 1981, during Brundtland's First Cabinet, he was a secretary of state at the Office of the Prime Minister.

From 1977 to 1979 he was married to Else Michelet. He resided in Huk. Sørheim died in September 2010, a day after suffering from a stroke.

References

1937 births
2010 deaths
People from Østre Toten
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian expatriates in the Soviet Union
Norwegian civil servants
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Politicians from Oslo


The Vienna Mozart Orchestra, with its 30 musicians, was founded in 1986 and has devoted itself entirely to that great composer of the Viennese classical period, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Since its foundation 36 years ago, the orchestra has found a permanent place in Viennese concert life, becoming a fixture in the City of Vienna’s musical programmes for tourist entertainment every summer.

The orchestra

A number of musicians from famous Viennese orchestras and ensembles collaborate with the Vienna Mozart Orchestra as soloists and conductors, among them members of the Vienna Philharmonic and the Vienna Symphony orchestras. In addition, singers from world-famous opera houses, principally from the Vienna State Opera and the Vienna Volksoper, perform with the Vienna Mozart Orchestra.

The concerts

Best-known and most popular is the concert series “Vienna Mozart Concerts in historical costumes”, performed every year from May until the end of October, four times a week. An ideal background for these concerts is provided by the Golden Hall of the Musikverein, the Vienna State Opera  and by the Great Hall of the Konzerthaus (each about 40 concerts a year).

As a co-production with Klangbogen Wien within the framework of the Millennium celebrations in 1996, ten open-air concerts were performed on the Millennium stage in front of Schloss Schönbrunn.

A guest performance during the Carinthian Summer in Ossiach in August 1997, under the leadership of Ernst Ottensamer, member of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, was a great success.

In June 1996, the Vienna Mozart Orchestra performed in front of an illustrious international audience during a gala evening at the Vienna Hofburg organised by the Chase Manhattan Bank.

On tour

Beyond its regular concert program at the most important concert halls in its home city, the Vienna Mozart Orchestra develops intensive tour activities all around the world. The orchestra has visited Japan eight times, and had the honour of opening the 1991 Mozart Year in Tokyo and to represent Austria at the Festival Internacional Cervantino in Mexico in 2002. Further guest performances have taken the orchestra to Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Morocco, Malta, Germany, Slovenia, Italy, Spain, Greece, Canada, USA, Brazil, Panama, Turkey, Guatemala, Ukraine, Bulgaria and Cyprus.

External links
Vienna Mozart Orchestra

Austrian orchestras
Musical groups from Vienna
1986 establishments in Austria
Musical groups established in 1986
Organisations based in Vienna
Mozart music ensembles


Karim Darwish (; born 29 August 1981) is an Egyptian squash player.

Career overview
As a junior player, he won the World Junior Championship title in 2000, and the British Junior Open title in 1999.

Earlier in 2008, Darwish finished runner-up at the World Open, losing in the final to fellow Egyptian player Ramy Ashour (11–5, 8–11, 4–11, 5–11). Darwish displaced Amr Shabana to claim the world number 1 position after winning the prestigious 2008 Saudi International and 3 major titles (including the Qatar Classic) in 2008.

Darwish competed in the J.P. Morgan T.O.C, only to lose to Daryl Selby in round 1. In the Case Swedish Open in 2012, Darwish placed 2nd after losing to Grégory Gaultier in the final. Darwish managed to beat Mohamed El Shorbagy in five games at the Macau Open 2012.

Personal life
Darwish is married to fellow squash player Engy Kheirallah.

World Open final appearances

0 title & 1 runner-up

Major World Series final appearances

Hong Kong Open: 1 final (0 title, 1 runner-up)

Qatar Classic: 3 finals (2 titles, 1 runner-up)

See also
 Official Men's Squash World Ranking

References

External links

 Page at Squashpics.com
 "Karim Darwish Retires"

Egyptian male squash players
1981 births
Living people
African Games gold medalists for Egypt
African Games medalists in squash
Competitors at the 2003 All-Africa Games
Competitors at the 2005 World Games
21st-century Egyptian people


Wilderness Scotland is a tour operator specialising in active and nature based travel throughout Scotland, Ireland and North of England.

History
Wilderness Scotland was started in September 2001 by Neil Birnie, Paul Easto and Gordon Birnie, and they were later joined by Stevie Christie. There are now 36 core staff and over 50 guides. The guides are all qualified through the National Governing Body relevant to their skills e.g. - Scottish Mountain Leader Association. Wilderness Scotland's first ever trip visited Knoydart in 2001.

Sustainable tourism
Wilderness Scotland is dedicated to sustainable tourism which is environmentally, culturally and socially responsible (ecotourism) for small groups only. The company operates to strict environmental standards and is committed to supporting the local economies in which it operates. It holds the Green Tourism Gold Award. It was awarded second place in the 2008 Guardian Ethical Travel Award. It was winner of the Best Green Tour Operator award in the 2007 World Travel Awards and again in 2014.

In 2006 Wilderness Scotland was Highly Commended at the World Responsible Tourism Awards. In 2007 it received the Investing in the Environment award at the Highlands and Islands Tourism Awards. It has been part of National Geographic's survey rating adventure travel companies.

Holidays
Wilderness Scotland organises small group trips including walking holidays, sea kayaking, mountain biking, ski touring holidays, canoeing, and photography. Their trips take people to locations such as Knoydart, the Cairngorms and Torridon; as well as islands including Skye, the Outer Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland. The company also offers self-guided walking holidays, family activity holidays and customised private group holidays.

Sibling and charitable projects
Wilderness Ireland is Wilderness Scotland's sister company and is based on the west coast of Ireland in Sligo. The Ireland operation offers a very similar style of guided active and nature-based holidays and has been operational since 2013. The company works with Trees for Life, a registered charity, to contribute to creating a "Wilderness Forest" in Dundreggan. It also participates in the Leave No Trace education programme to promote enjoyment of the natural world through responsible outdoor access and practice.

Business awards and achievements

2018 – 8th Great Place to Work in the UK (Small Category)
2014 – World's leading Green Tour Operator, World Travel Awards
2007 – Highlands and Islands Tourism Awards, Investing in the Environment
2006 – World Responsible Tourism Awards, Best Tour Operator: Highly Commended
2006 – Green Tourism Business Scheme, Gold Award
2005 – Scottish Tourism Business of the Year
2003 – Shell Business Awards, Best Business Demonstrating Sustainability
2003 – Highlands and Islands Business Awards, Best Newcomer

References

External links

Travel and holiday companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Highland (council area)


Jon Bakken (born 11 January 1943) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Sør-Trøndelag during the terms 1985–1989, 1989–1993 and 1993–1997. He met during 32 days of parliamentary session. He was also a member of Selbu municipal council and Sør-Trøndelag county council.

References

1943 births
Living people
People from Selbu
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Sør-Trøndelag politicians


Aral Karakum (, ; ) is a desert in Kazakhstan, situated northeast of the Aral Sea.

Most of the desert territory is located within the Aral and Kazaly districts of the Kyzylorda Region. A small sector is part of the southeastern end of the Aktobe Region and the southwestern fringes of the Karaganda Region.

Geography
The desert borders on the Syr Darya river to the south. The desert covers an area of .

The landscape in the region is quite flat, with a height that varies from  above mean sea level. The dunes can reach heights of around . The area is very dry, and the dried-out riverbeds usually only carry water during springtime, when the winter snow melts. Annual precipitation is around . Lake Zhaksykylysh is located in the western part.

Climate
Winter lasts from mid-November to mid-March, with varying cloud cover and frequent fog. Mean temperature during daytime is , and at night around . The lowest recorded temperature is . However, at any time during winter, mild weather is possible. Precipitation falls mostly in the winter as snow. Snow cover is usually around  deep, but can reach .

Summer lasts from May to mid-September. Daytime temperatures normally range , but temperatures up to  have been recorded. At night, the temperature drops to . During summer, there are often dry winds and dust storms.

Flora
The Aral Karakum has some vegetation, mainly grasses, and it is being used for grazing of sheep.

References

Deserts of Central Asia
Deserts of Kazakhstan


Asle Amundsen (born 27 June 1952) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland during the term 1985–1989. He met during 32 days of parliamentary session. The first deputy of Hanna Kvanmo, he worked as a farmer in Andøy outside of politics.

References

1952 births
Living people
People from Andøy
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Nordland politicians
Norwegian farmers
20th-century farmers


Reidun Andersson (26 June 1922 – 25 January 1992) was a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the terms 1981–1985.

References

1922 births
1992 deaths
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Nordland politicians
Norwegian people of Swedish descent


Ochthera is a genus of flies in the family of shore flies (Ephydridae). The genus is distinctive because of the swollen raptorial forelegs. The larvae are predaceous on midge larvae while the adults feed on midges and mosquitoes. The genus is found around the world with about 37 species. The species Ochthera chalybescens  has been shown to prey on African malaria vectors .

Behaviour
It has been noted that foreleg waving may be involved in displays and UV reflective patches on the face and fore coxae may be involved.

Spreading and waving of the foreleg is involved in same sex encounters as well as with male and female pairs during approach. It is not known if it is a threat or a recognition display. Adult Ochthera mantis have been noted to probe sand with their proboscis and when they detect prey such as chirononomid larvae, they are excavated using the fore tibial spines and held between the tibia and femora as the prey is consumed.

All species in the genus are predaceous.

Species
These 55 species belong to the genus Ochthera:

Ochthera acta Clausen, 1977
Ochthera anatolikos Clausen, 1977
Ochthera angustifacies (Hendel, 1930)
Ochthera angustitarsus Becker, 1903
Ochthera argyrata Wirth, 1955
Ochthera baia Cresson, 1931
Ochthera borealis Clausen, 1977
Ochthera brevitivialis Meijere, 1908
Ochthera caeruleovittata Hendel, 1930
Ochthera canescens Cresson, 1931
Ochthera canzonerii Raffone, 2002
Ochthera chalybescens Loew, 1862
Ochthera circularis Cresson, 1926
Ochthera clauseni Raffone, 2002
Ochthera collina Clausen, 1977
Ochthera cressoni Giordani Soika, 1956
Ochthera cuprilineata Wheeler, 1896
Ochthera dasylenos Clausen, 1977
Ochthera exsculpta Loew, 1862
Ochthera friderichsi Enderlein, 1922
Ochthera guangdongensis Zhang & Yang, 2006
Ochthera hainanensis Zhang & Yang, 2006
Ochthera harpax Meijere, 1911
Ochthera humilis Williston, 1896
Ochthera innotata Walker, 1860
Ochthera insularis Becker, 1910
Ochthera japonica Clausen, 1977
Ochthera jos Cresson, 1939
Ochthera lauta Wheeler, 1896
Ochthera loreta Cresson, 1931
Ochthera macrothrix Clasuen, 1977
Ochthera manicata (Fabricius, 1794)
Ochthera mantis (De Geer, 1776)
Ochthera mantispa Loew, 1847
Ochthera margarita Cresson, 1932
Ochthera nigricoxa (Cresson, 1938)
Ochthera nigripes (Enderlein, 1922)
Ochthera occidentalis Clausen, 1977
Ochthera painteri Cresson, 1931
Ochthera palaearctica Clausen, 1977
Ochthera palearctica Clausen, 1977
Ochthera pilimana Becker, 1903
Ochthera pilosa Cresson, 1926
Ochthera praedatoria Loew, 1862
Ochthera regalis Williston, 1897
Ochthera rossii Raffone, 2002
Ochthera rotunda Schiner, 1868
Ochthera sauteri Cresson, 1932
Ochthera schembrii Rondani, 1847
Ochthera setigera Czerny, 1909
Ochthera speculifera (Enderlein, 1922)
Ochthera subtilis Adams, 1905
Ochthera triornata Cresson, 1926
Ochthera tuberculata Loew, 1862
Ochthera wrighti Cresson, 1931

References

Ephydridae
Ephydroidea genera
Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
Diptera of North America
Diptera of South America
Diptera of Asia
Diptera of Europe
Diptera of Africa


Inger Marie Bakken (born 3 June 1951) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag during the term 1981–1985.

She is a former member of the board of the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund.

References

1951 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Sør-Trøndelag politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians


Richard T. Santulli (born August 14, 1944), is an American businessman. He is the founder and chairman of Milestone Aviation Group, a helicopter and business jet leasing company.

He is best known for pioneering the concept of fractional jet ownership with NetJets, a company he developed in 1986. Santulli was once considered a possible successor to Warren Buffett at Berkshire Hathaway.

Early life

Richard T. Santulli was born in Brooklyn, New York on August 14, 1944. Santulli studied at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering, earning B.S. and M.S. degrees in mathematics, as well as a master's degree in industrial engineering.

Career

Santulli's first job after graduating was with Shell Oil Company.

In 1984, Santulli purchased Executive Jet, a charter service company, as a wholly owned subsidiary of RTS Capital Services. The company launched NetJets, a program that introduced a 'time-share' concept of fractional ownership (as previously seen in resort properties) to business jets, and then purchased eight Cessna Citation IIs.

In July 1998, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. announced that it was buying NetJets for $725 million in stock and cash.   Buffett had been a NetJets customer since 1995. Santulli and his older brother, Vincent, who joined Executive Jet in 1996 after starting and taking public Porta Systems Corp, an electronics company, agreed to continue to run the business.  Santulli stayed on as chairman and CEO until his resignation in August, 2009.  He remained a consultant for the company through August, 2010.

In December 2009, Santulli joined Loan Value Group as chairman of the board.

In August 2010, Santulli launched Milestone Aviation Group, a helicopter and business jet leasing company where he currently serves as chairman. Santulli secured an initial $500 Million from U.S. private-equity firm Jordan Co., in conjunction with Nautic Partners to launch the business.

Santulli is currently the owner and managing general partner alongside George Prussin of Jayeff B Stables. Santulli is also a trustee of the New York Racing Association, a steward of The Jockey Club and a member of the Breeders' Cup's board of directors.

Philanthropic involvement

Santulli serves as co-chairman of The Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum board of directors and chairman of the board for The Intrepid Fallen Heroes Fund.  He is director of Mercy Home for Children, a non-profit organization that provides residential, supportive and respite programs for individuals with developmental disabilities. In 1989, the Richard T. Santulli Residence was established in Brooklyn, New York, to provide a residence with full-time care and support services to 15 people with disabilities.

Mr. Santulli serves as a Director of  the Andre Agassi Foundation for Education, an organization dedicated to transforming U.S. public education for underserved youth.

Award and honors
 2016 : Honorary degree of Ohio State University (D. Bus. Administration)

References

1944 births
Living people
American airline chief executives
New York Racing Association executives
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni


Hilde Bergebakken (born 2 January 1963) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag during the term 1993–1997. In total she met during 11 days of parliamentary session.

References

1963 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Sør-Trøndelag politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Women members of the Storting


Eggleston Hall is a privately owned 19th-century English country house in Eggleston, Teesdale, County Durham. It is a Grade II* listed building.

Overview

The manor of Eggleston was forfeited to the Crown by Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland as a consequence of his part in the Rising of the North in 1569. It was granted by the Crown to the City of London and thereafter passed through several hands until it was acquired by the Hutchinson family early in the 18th century.

The house was built in 1817 on the site of the old manor house. It was commissioned by William Hutchinson to a design by architect Ignatius Bonomi. The two-storey house has a recessed two-bayed central block flanked by projecting end bays connected by a Doric order colonnade.

In 1919 the house was acquired by Sir William Cresswell Gray, 1st Baronet, of the shipbuilding firm William Gray & Company. From 1972 to 1991 it was run as a finishing school by Rosemarie Gray, the widow of William Talbot Gray (High Sheriff of Durham in 1971), the son of Sir William Gray Bt., but has been returned to residential use. It is, in 2008, the family seat of Sir William Hume Gray, 3rd Baronet.

The Hutchinson family

William Hutchinson (1763-1826) built Eggleston Hall in about 1817. He was the son of Timothy Hutchinson (1732-1810) who owned the Manor of Eggleston and an existing house on the same site as the present Hall. This previous house was described in 1779 as being white with turrets. When Timothy died in 1810 William inherited the property.

William married in 1789 Mary Byam (1772-1826) who was the daughter of the wealthy landowner Martin Byam of Antigua. They had no children so when William died in 1826 his younger brother George Peter Hutchinson (1767-1833) inherited the Hall.

George obtained a B. A from the University of Cambridge. In 1788 he entered the Queens Own Dragoons and rose rapidly through the ranks to become a Major. In 1815 he married Elizabeth Grubb. When he died in 1833 the Hall was inherited by his eldest son William Hutchinson (1816 -1842). He died in 1842 at the age of only 26 and the property was passed to his younger brother Timothy Hutchinson (1818-1904).

Timothy lived at Eggleston Hall for the next 62 years. He was born in 1818 and in 1842 married Elizabeth Sophia Wilkinson, the daughter of John Wilkinson of Welton Grange. The couple had four sons and two daughters. The 1881 Census shows Timothy and Elizabeth living at the Hall with some of their children and a butler, a housekeeper, two footmen, a ladies maid, an upper house maid, two house maids, a kitchen maid, two laundry maids and a scullery maid.

When Timothy died in 1904 his eldest son Cecil William Hutchinson (1844-1917) inherited the Hall. In 1874 he married Clara Henrietta Frank and the couple had two sons and one daughter. His eldest son Captain William Regis Claude Hutchinson (1875-1961) became the owner of the property in 1917 when Cecil died. In 1919 he advertised the whole 10,000 acres for sale. The advertisement is shown at this reference. The Hall was bought by Sir William Creswell Gray for his son William returning safely from World War I. He was a Captain in the 3rd Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment and was mentioned in despatches. He was wounded and became a POW so his return was a joyous occasion. The Hall is still owned by the Gray family today.

Filming
The house is not generally open to the public but is available for social and corporate functions by arrangement. Looking East, the house can be seen on Northbound train services to Durham. The walled gardens and a café / gift shop in the former coach house are open to the public.
The ITV series Ladette to Lady used the house as their girls' finishing school.

References

External links
Eggleston Hall website

Grade II* listed buildings in County Durham
Country houses in County Durham
History of County Durham


Asbjørn Bjørnset (born 11 December 1938) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He was born in Flora and took the cand.polit. degree at the University of Bergen. He was hired at the University of Bergen in 1970. He advanced to secretary and director of the Faculty of Psychology from 1987 to 1992 and Faculty of History and Philosophy from 1993 to 2004. He was a senior adviser at the University of Bergen until 2008, and thereafter at the Norwegian Association of Higher Education Institutions.

Bjørnset was a member of Bergen city council from 1972 to 1974 and member of Hordaland county council from 1976 to 1981. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hordaland during the terms 1973–1977, 1981–1985, 1985–1989 and 1989–1993. In total he met during 220 days of parliamentary session.

He resides at Ask.

References

1938 births
Living people
People from Flora, Norway
University of Bergen alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bergen
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Politicians from Bergen


The Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors or CICES is a professional association in the field of civil engineering surveying, headquartered in the United Kingdom. CICES members consist mainly of commercial managers, quantity surveyors, and geospatial engineers working and studying within civil engineering surveying. The institution began in 1969 as the Association of Surveyors in Civil Engineering, became a registered educational charity in 1992, and received a royal charter in 2009. The institution advocates for engineering projects and education.

Publications
CICES publishes the Civil Engineering Surveyor, a monthly periodical publication, as well as annual supplements including Geospatial Engineering and the Construction Law Review.  Further publications include industry white papers, and client guides to subjects such as utilities survey and infrastructure monitoring.

Collaboration
In 1992, CICES became the first associated institution of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) and together formed two joint boards to provide and disseminate surveying knowledge and expertise; the Geospatial Engineering Board and the Commercial Management Board. Uren and Price considered the 1997 book The Management of Setting Out in Construction to be one of the most important practice guides published by the Geospatial Engineering Board.  CICES also has reciprocal membership agreements in place with the ICE.

Since the 1980s CICES has worked with The Survey Association and the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, together forming the Survey Liaison Group, to provide leadership for the UK survey industry including organisation of the annual GeoBusiness conference and publication and endorsement of technical guidance.  Members of CICES are eligible for direct entry to the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors.

CICES and the Association for Geographic Information (AGI) have agreed specialist discipline competencies for membership of CICES through the Geographic Information Science (GIS) route.

International recognition
CICES is an internationally recognised qualifying body established to regulate, educate and train surveyors working within civil engineering. The headquarters are in the United Kingdom, with 11 regions consisting of volunteer-led committee members. CICES regions include  the UK, Ireland, Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates. CICES also has memoranda of understandings agreements with many international surveying institutions and is a member of the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG).

Membership
Applicants for membership must demonstrate that they have fulfilled the institution's competency requirements including general and core competencies, plus at least one specialism, and applications must be reviewed and signed off by a sponsor.

Members may use designations after their names such as:
FCInstCES for Fellow of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
MCInstCES for Member of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
TCInstCES for Technical Member of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
GCInstCES for Graduate Member of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors

Members and Fellows of CICES are eligible to attain Incorporated Engineer and Chartered Engineer status through the Engineering Council.  Members of CICES are eligible, as engineers, to directly undertake consultation or instruction of Bar Council barristers via the licensed access scheme.

See also
 Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society
 Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

References

External links

Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
Engineering education
Organizations established in 1969
Civil engineering organizations
1969 establishments in the United Kingdom
Surveying organizations
Professional associations based in the United Kingdom


Vegard Bye (born 19 March 1951) is a Norwegian political scientist, writer, consultant and ex-politician. He has represented the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Angola and Bolivia, written extensively on Latin America, and is a consultant specializing on human rights, democracy, conflict and post-conflict societies as well as solar energy. He served as a Substitute Representative (Vararepresentant) to the Norwegian Parliament for the Socialist Left Party from Oslo (1993-1997), meeting in the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Career history
Vegard Bye holds a Dr.philos in Political Science from the University of Oslo (2019), and an MA from the same university (1977). He has a life-long history working on North-South issues with Latin America as his special area of expertise.
His professional experiences include journalism and writing, solidarity work, civil service (in Norwegian government and the UN), leadership positions in NGOs (Norwegian People's Aid and Norwegian Forum for Development and the Environment), academic work (Peace Research Institute of Oslo – PRIO, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs – NUPI, and the Department of Political Science at the University of Oslo), consultancy and senior positions in UN field operations. He was the only Norwegian reporter to cover the Nicaraguan Revolution in 1979, and he subsequently reported on the civil wars in Central America during larger parts of the 1980s. In 1990 – 1992, he was the Head of Norad´s (The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation) Latin America Bureau. In 1993 – 1995 he was the Executive Director of ForUM, the Norwegian umbrella organization of approximately 50 NGOs responsible for international civil society advocacy on development and environmental issues i.a. at international summits and conferences. In 1996 he founded and was the Executive Director of the consulting group NORLAT (Nordic-Latin America Resource Group). He was the Representative of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Angola (2004-2008) and in Bolivia (first representative of a new office 2008), in both cases also leading the UN Human Rights country office and being a member of the UN Country Team. Since 2009 he has been a partner with the Oslo-based consulting company Scanteam, leading or being part of a large number of evaluations and other assignments regarding international development cooperation, mostly in the areas of human rights, democracy, good governance, corporate social responsibility, media development and natural resource management.  As a consultant, he has carried out almost 80 assignments since 1996, of which 40 as Team Leader, being responsible for international, multi-sector, complex evaluations, particularly in conflict / post-conflict situations (See CV )

Parallel to his consulting career, he held a position as Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Development and the Environment (SUM) at the University of Oslo, where he was coordinating an academic cooperation program with Cuba and worked on a research project on political implications of Cuba's reform process (see list of publications ). This project led to the defense of his Dr.philos degree in 2019, with the following dissertation: The End of an Era – or a New Start? Economic Reforms with Potential for Political Transformation in Cuba on Raúl Castro’s Watch (2008-2018).
He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament for the Socialist Left Party from Oslo during the term 1993-1997 . In 1976, he was the co-founder of the Norwegian Solidarity Network with Latin America (Latin-Amerikagruppene I Norge, LAG), and from 1982 – 1986 he was the first President of the Central America Solidarity Council.

Publications

Articles
 Vegard Bye (2014): The Politics of Cuban Transformation — What Space for Authoritarian Withdrawal?, in ASCE: Cuba in Transition, Volume 22, Papers and Proceedings from the Twenty-Second Annual Meeting
 Vegard Bye (2014):Possible Political Transformations in Cuba in the Light of Some Theoretical and Empirically Comparative Elements, in ASCE: Cuba in Transition, Volume 23, Papers and Proceedings from the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting
 Vegard Bye (2014): Which Way Cuba?, in the NUPI Report (2014) Which Way Cuba? Political transformations, social deterioration and attempted dialogue
 Vegard Bye (2015): Political Implications of Recent Economic Reform Trends  in Cuba: The 2014 Status, in ASCE: Cuba in Transition, Volume 24, Papers and Proceedings from the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting
 Vegard Bye (2015): The End of ´Plattismo´?, in: Eric Hershberg and William LeoGrande (eds): Implications of Normalization: Scholarly Perspectives on U.S. – Cuban Normalization, Center for Latin American & Latino Studies at American University and the Cuba Program at the Social Science Research Council
 Vegard Bye (2016): “The Great Paradox: how Obama’s opening to Cuba may imperil the country’s reform process”, in: Third World Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 9, 1698-1712
 Vegard Bye (2017): “Cuba’s Critical Juncture: Main Challenges”. Iberoamericana - Nordic Journal of Latin American and Nordic Studies. 46 (1), pp. 109–118. DOI  http://doi.org/10.16993/iberoamericana.214

Books
  (With photos by Aslak Aarhus)

  Translation available as

References

1938 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Politicians from Oslo


EVN Group is an Austrian-based producer and transporter of electricity, one of the largest in Europe having over three million customers in 14 countries. The company also operates in water treatment, natural gas supply and waste management business areas. It is the second-largest utility in Austria.

Activities
In 2006, EVN Group produced around 3.45 billion kWh mainly from thermal power plants (68%) and renewable energy (hydro and wind) power plants (32%). EVN Group also distributed 19.2 billion kWh of electricity in Austria (37.9%), Bulgaria (37.95%, through subsidiary ) and North Macedonia (24.15%, through EVN AD Skopje).

The company also has power generation capacities of 1,450 MW, a transmission network of 1,370 km and a distribution network of 45,000 km. EVN Group is also involved in the natural gas sector having a total network length of 10,100 km. EVN itself owns 12.5% of Austrian peer Verbund.

Ownership
Less than 14% of EVN Group shares are free float on the Vienna Stock Exchange, with the state of Lower Austria holding 51 percent.

From 2002 until 2020, German utility EnBW owned around 35 percent of EVN Group. From 2015 on, EnBW reduced its share. In 2020, Wiener Stadtwerke became EVN’s second-largest shareholder after it bought EnBW’s remaining 28.35% stake, worth around 800 million euros ($894 million).

References

External links

Vienna Stock Exchange: Market Data EVN AG

Electric power companies of Austria
Companies listed on the Wiener Börse
Economy of Lower Austria


Wenche Cumming (born 2 May 1944) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

Wenche Cumming was born in Sortland in Nordland, she lived in Finnsnes фтв in Troms from 1979. She was both a local councillor and county councillor in Troms and  served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Troms for two terms 1989–1993 and 1993–1997. She moved back to Sortland in 2012 and was the leader of the movement opposing petroleum activity of Lofoten, Vesterålen and Senja in 2016–2017.

References

1944 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Troms politicians
People from Sortland


Jørun Adeleid Drevland (born 15 March 1944) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland during the term 1993–1997. She met during 7 days of parliamentary session.

She hails from Sortland, and in 2012 she worked with artist Bjørn Elvenes on an initiative to paint the town blue as an art project. She is the mother of musician Sivert Høyem.

References

1944 births
Living people
People from Sortland
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Nordland politicians


Morten Drægni (born 19 August 1983) is a former politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the terms 2005–2009 and 2009–2013. In total he met during 14 days of parliamentary session.

References

1983 births
Living people
Norwegian police officers
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Politicians from Oslo
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Norwegian politicians


Richard Edvardsen (born 17 November 1936) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Troms during the term 1993–1997.

He is a former member of the Norwegian Consumer Council.

References

1936 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Troms politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Norwegian politicians


Lars Egeland (born 6 December 1957) is a Norwegian librarian and politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He was born in Tønsberg, and finished secondary education in Nøtterøy in 1976. He held various jobs, but after graduating from the National Library School in 1983 he worked as such in Vestfold from 1985. He was the chief librarian at Vestfold University College from 1995 to 2003, head of department in the Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority from 2003 to 2007 and briefly director at Oslo University College in 2007.

He was a member of Tønsberg city council from 1979 to 2007 and Vestfold county council from 1983 to 1987 and 1989 to 1991. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Vestfold during the terms 2001–2005, 2005–2009 and 2009–2013. When regular representative Inga Marte Thorkildsen became a cabinet member in March 2012, Egeland was promoted to full representative. He joined the Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment.

References

1957 births
Living people
Politicians from Tønsberg
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Vestfold politicians
Norwegian librarians
Academic staff of Vestfold University College
Academic staff of Oslo University College
Norwegian civil servants
21st-century Norwegian politicians


Daniel Stanislavjevic (born July 9, 1971) is an American middleweight boxer. His current record is 8-18-3. Stanislavjevic was born  in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

See also

References

External links

Canadian male boxers
Middleweight boxers
Sportspeople from Vancouver
American people of Canadian descent
1971 births
Living people


Eirik Langeland Fjeld (born 6 September 1973) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland during the term 1997–2001.

He currently resides in Bergen.

References

1973 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Hordaland politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Norwegian politicians


Ragna Flotve (born 25 September 1960) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland during the term 2001–2005. In total she met during 50 days of parliamentary session.

References

1960 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Hordaland politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
21st-century Norwegian politicians


Andreas Frivåg (12 August 1925 – 21 April 1991) was a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the term 1977–1981.

References

1925 births
1991 deaths
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Nordland politicians


Sathi () is a 2002 Indian Bengali-language romantic drama film directed by  Haranath Chakraborty. It stars Jeet and Priyanka Trivedi, with the former making his debut. It served as the Bengali remake of the Tamil film,  Thulladha Manamum Thullum (1999) and became the highest-grossing Bengali film of that year.

Sathi is notable for being the debut film of actor Jeet, who achieved a major career breakthrough through the same. Haranath Mukherjee, besides directing the film, co-wrote the screenplay along with Monotosh Chakraborty. V. Prabhakar handled the cinematography while the editing was finished by Swapan Guha. S. P. Venkatesh composed the film's music.

Upon its release on 14 June 2002, Sathi emerged a commercially and critically successful venture, eventually becoming the highest-grossing Bengali film of the year and subsequently, one of the highest-grossers of Bengali cinema. Jeet received appraisals for his performance; he was conferred with a BFJA Award.

Plot
Bijoy is an aspiring, talented singer, who resides in a village of Burdwan district. He has a caring and loving mother and a helpful brother. He comes to Calcutta on the call of a musical tycoon but when he finally arrives at his home Bijoy is shocked to find his mentor dead. He takes refuge with the alcoholic Keshtoda, who has a heart of gold. He architects a group of peers and all of them begin to work for an insurance company. In the meanwhile Bijoy views Sonali who stays in the same locality with her grandmother. Sonali knows Bijoy in a peculiar way. She has never seen him, but when Bijoy chants his numbers, she hears them utmost interest and becomes his ardent admirer. But whenever Bijoy and Sonali physically meet each other, mishaps occur which make Sonali misunderstand. Thus Sonali has a different picture of Bijoy in her sub-consciousness. She does not realize that the one she admires is the same person whom she hates. Things come to standstill, when Bijoy accidentally pushes Sonali from the stairs of her college and she becomes blind. When Bijoy learns of this, he is shattered. Then begins his series of sacrifices and love, he helps the financially strained Sonali and her grandmother by giving their rent. He brings the duo at their mess when they are expelled by their landlord and finally he sells the precious ring (Bijoy's mother's gift) to allocate the fees and cost required for Sonali's eye treatment. Even when his mother expires he keeps it a secret to everyone and takes Sonali to the eye surgeon. There he knows that Sonali can regain her eyesight if she undergoes an acute and complex operation. To acquire the cost of , Bijoy secretly wards off to Visakhapatnam with the destiny to sell one of his kidney's. Bijoy sacrifices his passion to become a vocalist and secretly supports Sonali to fulfill her dream of becoming a singer, while Sonali has success in her first stint at the recording studios, Bijoy is arrested as a terrorist on the platform of Vizag station. Thus with Bijoy's money Sonali regains eyesight and becomes a famous singer while Bijoy is sentenced to five years of rigorous imprisonment. The day Bijoy returns after completing his sentence turns out to be the same day when Sonali was attending her musical concert. Bijoy after arriving at Howrah station eyes the hoardings of having huge cutouts of Sonali. He reaches the spot but when he tries to contact Sonali and explain to her that he is her Bijoy, he is brutally hammered by the security. Keshtoda and Bijoy's friend arrive at the juncture. They explain the truth to Sonali. Sonali realises that the one she has neglected is her long-lost love. They reunite amidst a jubilant crowd.

Cast
The cast is listed below:
 Jeet as Bijoy
 Priyanka Trivedi as Sonali
 Ranjit Mallick as Keshto Da
 Anamika Saha as Sonali's grandmother
 Rajesh Sharma
 Kanchan Mullick as Bijoy's friend
 Sumitra Mukherjee as Bijoy's mother
 Pushpita Mukherjee as Sonali's friend
 Shyamal Dutta
 Premjit Mukherjee as Member of Rock Band (cameo)
 Sagnik Chatterjee as Head Member of Rock Band (cameo)
 Sanghamitra Bandopadhyay as Keshto Da's wife
 Ramen Roy Chowdhury

Soundtrack

References

External links

2002 films
Bengali-language Indian films
Bengali remakes of Tamil films
2002 romantic drama films
2000s Bengali-language films
Indian romantic musical films
Films scored by S. P. Venkatesh
Indian romantic drama films
2000s romantic musical films
Films directed by Haranath Chakraborty


Trevor Adamson is a country/gospel singer best known for his song Nyanpi Matilda, a Pitjantjatjara version of Waltzing Matilda. He is from Pukatja, South Australia and sings in both Pitjantjatjara and English. He was the subject of an episode of an ABC TV series, Six Australians.  Trevor Adamson also featured in episode #1008 of the NITV show "Pmarra Country", an Aboriginal tribute to the legendary Slim Dusty, in which Mr. Adamson performed his Pitjantjatjara language version of Slim Dusty's 1972 song "When the Rain Tumbles Down in July".

Discography
Godaku Walytja-Piti (Gods Family) (1982) with the Enabella children
Trust in the Lord (1985) - Imparja
Where I Belong (1989) - CAAMA
Waltzing Matilda (1994) - CAAMA
My Sunburnt Country (2009) - Pindaroo

References

Indigenous Australian musicians
Australian male singers
Australian male songwriters
Australian guitarists
Living people
Musicians from South Australia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Australian male guitarists


Ingunn Gjerstad (born 26 May 1963) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the terms 2005–2009 and 2013–2017. As Heikki Holmås was a member of the outgoing Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet in 2013, Gjerstad met as a regular representative during the two weeks before the cabinet change.

References

1963 births
Living people
Politicians from Oslo
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Centre Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Women members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian women politicians


Saathi () is a 1968 Indian Hindi-language romance film written and directed by C. V. Sridhar. The film stars Rajendra Kumar and Vyjayanthimala, with Simi Garewal, Pahari Sanyal, David Abraham Cheulkar, Veena and Ram Mohan as the ensemble cast while prominent actors such as Shashi Kapoor, Nanda, Sanjeev Kumar, Shabnam, D.K. Sapru and Pratima Devi made guest appearances. The film was produced by S. Krishnamurthy and T. Govindarajan of Venus Pictures. The film's score was composed by Naushad with lyrics provided by Majrooh Sultanpuri. It was edited by N. M. Shankar and filmed by Marcus Bartley.

Saathi is a triangular love story among Ravi, Shanti and Rajni. The film was a remake of the 1961 Tamil film Palum Pazhamum, which was directed by A. Bhimsingh.

Plot
Dr. Ravi returns from abroad and takes up a position as chief surgeon in a hospital. He meets with Nurse Shanti, who lives an impoverished lifestyle with her ailing mother, on whom he decides to perform surgery, but she passes away. A guilt-ridden Ravi marries Shanti much to the chagrin of his mentor, Kaka, who had hoped that he would marry his daughter, Rajni.

The couple travel to Kashmir for their honeymoon, and settle down to a harmonious relationship. Hoping to travel more, their plans are interrupted by the hospital's head doctor, who wants Ravi to focus on cancer research. The couple drop their travel plans and immerse themselves in research so much so that Shanti becomes ill, and not wanting to become a burden, leaves. A frantic Ravi searches high and low in vain, and is subsequently devastated to learn that she has perished in a train accident. Kaka then becomes very ill and Kaki tells Ravi that the cause of his illness is Rajni's insistence that she not marry anyone except Ravi. As a result, Ravi marries her but is unable to get Shanti out of his mind. An embittered Rajni feels neglected and decides to confront him, resulting in his losing his vision, perhaps never to see again, and unable to do any further cancer research.

Cast
 Rajendra Kumar as Ravi
 Vyjayanthimala as Shanti / Sharda
 Simi Garewal as Rajni
 Pahari Sanyal as Rajni's Father
 David Abraham Cheulkar as Head Doctor
 Veena as Rajni's Mother
 Ram Mohan as Ravi's Colleague

Guest appearances include:

 Shashi Kapoor as actor during the filming of Raja Saab
 Nanda as actor during the filming of Raja Saab
 Sanjeev Kumar as Ashok
 Shabnam
 D.K. Sapru as Mr. Philips
 Radhakrishan as Sadhuram
 Pratima Devi as Shanti's Mother

Soundtrack
When Sridhar approached Naushad for composing, he listened to the songs of the original film which was composed by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy in Tamil. After listening to the songs, Naushad wrote a letter to M. S. Viswanathan saying that he cannot replace the wonderful music which he has composed and he's declining the project. Later, Naushad accepted to compose for the film only on Viswanathan's request. The lyrics were provided by Majrooh Sultanpuri.

Box office
At the end of its theatrical run, the film had grossed around 1,76,00,000 and netted 88,00,000, thus becoming the eleventh highest grossing film of 1968 with a verdict of average.

Awards
Won
 Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Simi Garewal
 Filmfare Award for Best Editing – N. M. Shankar

References

External links

1960s Hindi-language films
1968 films
Hindi remakes of Tamil films
1968 romantic drama films
Films about cancer
Films directed by C. V. Sridhar
Indian romantic drama films


Vietnam Electricity (full name: Vietnam Electricity Group, abbreviated name: EVN, ) is the largest power company in Vietnam. Vietnam Electricity (EVN) was established by the government of Vietnam as a state-owned company in 1994, and has operated officially as a one-member limited liability company since 2010.

EVN runs its own large-scale hydropower and coal-fired power plants with a total installed capacity of 28,169 MW, which contribute up to 58% of the national power generation system, while controlling three power generation corporations (GENCOs 1,2,3), one power transmission corporation (National Power Transmission Corporation - EVNNPT), and five regional power distribution corporations (for the North, Central, South and the two cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh), while managing the operation of the national power system through the National Load Dispatch Center

Subsidiaries
 National Power Transmission Corporation
 Power Generation Corporation No. 1
 Power Generation Corporation No. 2
 Power Generation Corporation No. 3
 Northern Power Corporation
 Central Power Corporation
 Southern Power Corporation
 Hanoi City Power Corporation
 Ho Chi Minh City Power Corporation
 National Load Dispatch Center
 Electric Power Trading Company
 Electric Information Centre
 Information Technology Centre

References

Electric power companies of Vietnam
Economy of Hanoi
Government-owned companies of Vietnam
Government-owned energy companies


Mari Hagen (born 8 April 1981) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Buskerud during the term 2001–2005. In total she met during 16 days of parliamentary session.

References

1981 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Buskerud politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
21st-century Norwegian politicians
Women members of the Storting


Sigmund Hagen (born 15 August 1976) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland during the term 2001–2005. In total he met during 6 days of parliamentary session.

References

1976 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Oppland politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Norwegian politicians


James Cope may refer to:

 Jim Cope (1907–1999), Australian politician
 James Cope (cricketer) (born 1966), English schoolteacher and cricketer
 James Cope (UK politician) (c. 1709–1756), British Member of Parliament and political envoy


Eva Heir (born 27 January 1943) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nord-Trøndelag and Akershus during the terms 1989–1993 and 1993–1997. In total she met during 103 days of parliamentary session.

References

1943 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Politicians from Nord-Trøndelag
Akershus politicians
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)


Finn Sture Hultgreen (born 16 October 1949) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the terms 1993–1997 and 1997–2001. In total he met during 76 days of parliamentary session.

References

1949 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Nordland politicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Norwegian politicians