In the context of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory, symmetric, informationally complete, positive operator-valued measures (SIC-POVMs) are a particular type of generalized measurement (POVM). SIC-POVMs are particularly notable thanks to their defining features of (1) being informationally complete; (2)having the minimal number of outcomes compatible with informational completeness, and (3) being highly symmetric. In this context, informational completeness is the property of a POVM of allowing to fully reconstruct input states from measurement data.

The properties of SIC-POVMs make them an interesting candidate for a "standard quantum measurement", utilized in the study of foundational quantum mechanics, most notably in QBism. SIC-POVMs have several applications in the context of quantum state tomography and quantum cryptography, and a possible connection has been discovered with Hilbert's twelfth problem.

Definition
A POVM over a -dimensional Hilbert space  is a set of  positive-semidefinite operators  that sum to the identity:
If a POVM consists of at least  operators which span the space of self-adjoint operators , it is said to be an informationally complete POVM (IC-POVM). IC-POVMs consisting of exactly  elements are called minimal. A set of  rank-1 projectors  which have equal pairwise Hilbert–Schmidt inner products,

defines a minimal IC-POVM with elements  called a SIC-POVM.

Properties

Symmetry
Consider an arbitrary set of rank-1 projectors  such that  is a POVM, and thus . Asking the projectors to have equal pairwise inner products,  for all , fixes the value of . To see this, observe that

implies that . Thus,

This property is what makes SIC-POVMs symmetric; with respect to the Hilbert–Schmidt inner product, any pair of elements is equivalent to any other pair.

Superoperator
In using the SIC-POVM elements, an interesting superoperator can be constructed, the likes of which map . This operator is most useful in considering the relation of SIC-POVMs with spherical t-designs. Consider the map

This operator acts on a SIC-POVM element in a way very similar to identity, in that

But since elements of a SIC-POVM can completely and uniquely determine any quantum state, this linear operator can be applied to the decomposition of any state, resulting in the ability to write the following:
 where
From here, the left inverse can be calculated to be , and so with the knowledge that
,
an expression for a state  can be created in terms of a quasi-probability distribution, as follows:

where  is the Dirac notation for the density operator viewed in the Hilbert space . This shows that the appropriate quasi-probability distribution (termed as such because it may yield negative results) representation of the state  is given by

Finding SIC sets

Simplest example
For  the equations that define the SIC-POVM can be solved by hand, yielding the vectors

which form the vertices of a regular tetrahedron in the Bloch sphere. The projectors that define the SIC-POVM are given by , and the elements of the SIC-POVM are thus .

For higher dimensions this is not feasible, necessitating the use of a more sophisticated approach.

Group covariance

General group covariance
A SIC-POVM  is said to be group covariant if there exists a group  with a -dimensional unitary representation such that

The search for SIC-POVMs can be greatly simplified by exploiting the property of group covariance. Indeed, the problem is reduced to finding a normalized fiducial vector  such that
.
The SIC-POVM is then the set generated by the group action of  on .

The case of Zd × Zd
So far, most SIC-POVM's have been found by considering group covariance under . To construct the unitary representation, we map  to , the group of unitary operators on d-dimensions. Several operators must first be introduced. Let  be a basis for , then the phase operator is
 where  is a root of unity
and the shift operator as

Combining these two operators yields the Weyl operator  which generates the Heisenberg-Weyl group. This is a unitary operator since

It can be checked that the mapping  is a projective unitary representation. It also satisfies all of the properties for group covariance, and is useful for numerical calculation of SIC sets.

Zauner's conjecture
Given some of the useful properties of SIC-POVMs, it would be useful if it were positively known whether such sets could be constructed in a Hilbert space of arbitrary dimension. Originally proposed in the dissertation of Zauner, a conjecture about the existence of a fiducial vector for arbitrary dimensions was hypothesized.

More specifically,
For every dimension  there exists a SIC-POVM whose elements are the orbit of a positive rank-one operator  under the Weyl–Heisenberg group . What is more,  commutes with an element T of the Jacobi group . The action of T on  modulo the center has order three.

Utilizing the notion of group covariance on , this can be restated as
For any dimension , let  be an orthonormal basis for , and define

Then  such that the set  is a SIC-POVM.

Partial results
The proof for the existence of SIC-POVMs for arbitrary dimensions remains an open question, but is an ongoing field of research in the quantum information community.

Exact expressions for SIC sets have been found for Hilbert spaces of all dimensions from  through  inclusive, and in some higher dimensions as large as , for 115 values of  in all. Furthermore, using the Heisenberg group covariance on , numerical solutions have been found for all integers up through , and in some larger dimensions up to .

Relation to spherical t-designs
A spherical t-design is a set of vectors  on the d-dimensional generalized hypersphere, such that the average value of any -order polynomial  over  is equal to the average of  over all normalized vectors . Defining  as the t-fold tensor product of the Hilbert spaces, and

as the t-fold tensor product frame operator, it can be shown that a set of normalized vectors  with  forms a spherical t-design if and only if

It then immediately follows that every SIC-POVM is a 2-design, since

which is precisely the necessary value that satisfies the above theorem.

Relation to MUBs
In a d-dimensional Hilbert space, two distinct bases  are said to be mutually unbiased if

This seems similar in nature to the symmetric property of SIC-POVMs. Wootters points out that a complete set of  unbiased bases yields a geometric structure known as a finite projective plane, while a SIC-POVM (in any dimension that is a prime power) yields a finite affine plane, a type of structure whose definition is identical to that of a finite projective plane with the roles of points and lines exchanged. In this sense, the problems of SIC-POVMs and of mutually unbiased bases are dual to one another.

In dimension , the analogy can be taken further: a complete set of mutually unbiased bases can be directly constructed from a SIC-POVM. The 9 vectors of the SIC-POVM, together with the 12 vectors of the mutually unbiased bases, form a set that can be used in a Kochen–Specker proof. However, in 6-dimensional Hilbert space, a SIC-POVM is known, but no complete set of mutually unbiased bases has yet been discovered, and it is widely believed that no such set exists.

See also
 Measurement in quantum mechanics
 Mutually unbiased bases
 POVM
 QBism

Notes

References

Quantum measurement
Unsolved problems in physics
Unsolved problems in mathematics
Hilbert spaces
Operator theory
Incidence geometry
Euclidean plane geometry
Algebraic geometry
Hypergraphs
Computer-assisted proofs


The Swiftcurrent Ranger Station is an example of the Swiss Chalet style that prevailed in the early years of Glacier National Park, before the establishment of the similar National Park Service Rustic style. The station was designed by Edward A. Nickel and built by Ole Norden and S. M. Askevold. It replaced a previous ranger station, destroyed in a 1936 forest fire. All structures in the district were built within a single year and are consistent in design and materials.

The associated historic district includes five employee cabins in a similar style by the same builders, along with several utility structures.

References

Ranger stations in Glacier National Park (U.S.)
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Government buildings completed in 1938
Rustic architecture in Montana
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Flathead County, Montana
National Register of Historic Places in Glacier National Park
1938 establishments in Montana
Swiss Chalet Revival architecture


Vincenzo de Cesati (1806–1883) was an Italian botanist from Milan.

He studied natural history and law at the University of Vienna, and afterwards worked as a volunteer at the Collegium Nacionale de Vercelli. From 1868 to 1883 he was director of the botanical garden at Naples. The majority of his plant collection is now preserved at the botanical institute of the University of Rome.

The plant genus Cesatia from the family Apiaceae is named after him.

Works
With Giovanni Passerini (1816-1893) and Giuseppe Gibelli (1831-1898), he was author of "Compendio della flora italiana", a compendium of Italian flora. Other works by Cesati include:
 Stirpes Italicae: iconografia universale delle piante italiane (Pyrole, Milan, 1840)
 Saggio di una bibliografia algologica italiana (Accademia reale delle Scienze, Naples, 1882)

References

19th-century Italian botanists
1806 births
1883 deaths
Scientists from Milan


The 2008–09 Chinese economic stimulus plan () was a RMB¥ 4 trillion (US$586 billion) stimulus package aiming to minimize the impact of the financial crisis of 2007–2008 on the Chinese economy. It was announced by the State Council of the People's Republic of China on 9 November 2008. The economic stimulus plan was seen as a success: While China's economic growth fell to almost 6% by the end of 2008, it had recovered to over 10% by in mid-2009. Critics of China's stimulus package have blamed it for causing a surge in Chinese debt since 2009, particularly among local governments and state-owned enterprises. The World Bank subsequently went on to recommend similar public works spending campaigns to western governments experiencing the effects of the financial crisis, but the US and EU instead decided to pursue long-term policies of quantitative easing.

Announcement
A statement on the government's website said the State Council of the People's Republic of China had approved a plan to invest 4 trillion yuan in infrastructure and social welfare by the end of 2010. This stimulus, equivalent to US$586 billion, represented a pledge comparable to that subsequently announced by the United States, but which came from an economy only one third the size. The stimulus package will be invested in key areas such as housing, rural infrastructure, transportation, health and education, environment, industry, disaster rebuilding, income-building, tax cuts, and finance.

China's export driven economy started to feel the impact of the economic slowdown in the United States and Europe, and the government had already cut key interest rates three times in less than two months in a bid to spur economic expansion.

The stimulus package was welcomed by world leaders and analysts as larger than expected and a sign that by boosting its own economy, China is helping to stabilize the world economy. World Bank President Robert Zoellick declared that he was 'delighted' and believed that China was 'well positioned given its current account surplus and budget position to have fiscal expansion.' News of the announcement of the stimulus package sent markets up across the world.

Details

2008
On the 15 of November, 2008, it was revealed that the central government would only provide 1.2 trillion yuan of funds. The rest of the funds will be reallocated from the budget of provincial and local governments.

Chinese banking officials were reportedly considering establishing a fund worth between 600 billion and 800 billion yuan to purchase domestic shares listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, particularly those in the Shanghai Composite, in the event the Shanghai Index fell to 1,500 points.

2009
On March 6, 2009, China's National Development and Reform Commission' announced a revision of the stimulus and published a breakdown of how the funds would be distributed.

Public infrastructure development took up the biggest portion – 1.5 trillion yuan, or nearly 38% of the total package. The projects lined up include railway, road, irrigation, and airport construction.

The second largest allocation – one trillion yuan – went to reconstruction works in regions hit by the 8-magnitude Sichuan earthquake in May 2008; that was followed by funding for social welfare plans, including the construction of low-cost housing, rehabilitation of slums, and other social safety net projects.

Rural development and technology advancement programs shared the same amount of allocation – at 370 billion yuan each. Rural projects in the pipeline included building public amenities, resettling nomads, supporting agriculture works, and providing safe drinking water.

Technology advancement mainly targeted at upgrading the Chinese industrial sector, gearing towards high-end production to move away from the current export-oriented and labor-intensive mode of growth. This was in line with the government's latest blueprint for revitalizing 10 selected industries.

To ensure sustainable development, the Chinese government also allocated some 210 billion yuan, or 5.3% of the stimulus package for promoting energy saving and gas emission cuts, and environmental engineering projects.

Finally, 150 billion yuan was allocated for educational, cultural and family planning purposes.

One year later, these programs seem to have been even more successful than expected, so that on November 4, 2009, the World Bank group enhanced its "prognosis" of the Chinese GDP, by +1.2%, to a value of +8.4%.

2010
China's economic growth was sustained by the economic stimulus and in addition, assisted neighboring countries with the economic recovery in 2010. Chinese real economic growth was around 10 percent even as European and North American economies were slowing. The stimulus provided funds for infrastructure projects and housing developments. Some were used to assist local governments in lending to state-owned enterprises for housing and infrastructure projects. This focus on construction expanded employment in not only construction, but also manufacturing, steel, cement and other sectors producing inputs to the construction sector. Some analysts suggested that the stimulus program could generate inflation and a property bubble.

Due to the success of the economic stimulus plan, the central government tightened financial regulation in order to restrict lending amid fears of a property bubble.

2011
In 2011, it was revealed that as much as 20% of the loans under the program may be written off.

2012
In September 2012, the Chinese government through the  National Development and Reform Commission gave approval for 60 infrastructure projects totalling more than 1 trillion yuan ($157 billion).

Responses
The stimulus package has been criticized for causing a surge in Chinese debt after 2009. In 2011, Minxin Pei criticized Beijing for "resorting to massive bank lending to local governments, which then went on an infrastructure spending binge that's certain to haunt the country for years to come". A 2014 study by global think-tank Carnegie Endowment for International Peace concluded that "[China]'s debt problems are rooted in the government's November 2008 announcement of a 4 trillion yuan ($586 billion) stimulus package to counteract the effects of the global financial crisis."

The World Bank subsequently went on to recommend similar public works spending campaigns to western governments experiencing the effects of the financial crisis, but the US and EU instead decided to pursue long-term policies of quantitative easing (the buying of trillions of dollars worth of government bonds or other financial assets in order to stimulate the economy and increase liquidity).

See also

2000s energy crisis
2007–2008 world food price crisis
2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis
2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
Bear Stearns subprime mortgage hedge fund crisis
Collateralized debt obligation
Credit derivative
Derivative (finance)
Financial crisis of 2007–2010
Global financial crisis of 2008–2009
Late-2000s recession
List of entities involved in 2007–2008 financial crises
Margin call
Mark-to-market accounting
Savings and loan crisis
Statistical Arbitrage: Events of Summer 2007
Subprime crisis impact timeline
Subprime mortgage crisis
United States housing market correction

References

External links

 FACTBOX - China's recent measures to spur growth (timeline)

Economic stimulus program
2000s economic history
Stimulus program
Economic stimulus programs
Economic development programs


Lic. Javier Ostos Mora (born August 15, 1916, in Mexico City, Mexico; died November 5, 2008) was a former lawyer and sport politician from Mexico, most widely known for his work within the swimming community.

He was a permanent member of the Mexican Olympic Committee (Comité Olímpico Mexicano—COM), from 1941 through to his death; and served at various times as voice, first vice president and second vice president of COM.

He twice served as president of FINA, the International Swimming Federation: from 1968 to 1972 and 1976–1980; and in 1992 he was named FINA honorary life president. His presidency with FINA made him the first Mexican president of any international sport federation.

Positions held
He was president of:
FINA: 1968-'72, 1976-'80;
the Amateur Swimming Union of the Americas (ASUA): 1968;
CCCAN: 1955-'70, 1974-'78;
the Mexican Swimming Federation (FMN: la Federación Mexicana de Natación): 1941, 1949-'51, 1955-'68, 1978-'80;

Honorary life member of: FINA, ASUA, and FMN.

Official/judge at the Summer Olympics in: London (1948), Rome (1960), Tokyo (1964), Mexico City (1968), Munich (1972), Montreal (1976), Moscow (1980), Los Angeles (1984), Seoul (1988), Barcelona (1992) and Atlanta (1996).

References

1916 births
Sportspeople from Mexico City
Swimming in Mexico
Presidents of World Aquatics
2008 deaths


Airport Drive is a 5.7 kilometre highway in Melbourne, Australia, linking Centre Road at Melbourne Airport with the M80 Ring Road at Airport West. This road is an important thoroughfare for the adjacent Melbourne Airport Business Park along South Centre Road, and acts as an alternative access road to Tullamarine Freeway.

Route
Airport Drive starts at the intersection of Grants and Centre Road at Melbourne Airport, just south of Terminal 4, running east as a four-lane, dual-carriageway road past the Long Term Parking lot, turning south-east past more car parks and Airport service companies, before turning south along a wide alignment (to incorporate a future railway link to the airport) to the intersection with Sharps Road, then through the Tullamarine Park industrial area to terminate at the Western Ring Road; Westfield Drive continues past the interchange over the Albion–Jacana railway line to link to the Westfield Airport West shopping centre just under a kilometre away.

History
Airport Drive originally opened to traffic between Sharps Road and the Western Ring Road in May 1997.

The passing of the Road Management Act 2004 granted the responsibility of overall management and development of Victoria's major arterial roads to VicRoads: in 2004, VicRoads declared Airport Connection Road (Freeway #1280) from Western Ring Road in Tullamarine to Sharps Road in Tullamarine; the declaration formally makes this section a freeway; signposts along this section have also kept their original name.

In July 2013, construction began on an extension from Sharps Road to the intersection of Melrose Drive and Mercer Drive, Melbourne Airport. Airport Drive Extension opened to traffic on 28 June 2015, at a cost of $100 million, with the existing Melrose Drive roadway between Mercer Drive and Centre Road subsumed into Airport Drive. As part of the extension project, Link Road was realigned to form a new traffic-light intersection at Airport Drive, with through traffic connecting to Watson Drive and Melrose Drive. The extension is not part of VicRoads' freeway declaration and presently remains undeclared.

Intersections

See also

References

Highways and freeways in Melbourne
Transport in the City of Hume
Transport in the City of Moonee Valley


Aphanopetalum clematideum is a species of twining shrub or vines that grows in the Geraldton Sandplains region of Western Australia.  It grows to approximately 5 m high from July to October, and is green-cream/green-yellow in color.

References

Saxifragales
Saxifragales of Australia
Eudicots of Western Australia


Droop speed control is a control mode used for AC electrical power generators, whereby the power output of a generator reduces as the line frequency increases. It is commonly used as the speed control mode of the governor of a prime mover driving a synchronous generator connected to an electrical grid. It works by controlling the rate of power produced by the prime mover according to the grid frequency. With droop speed control, when the grid is operating at maximum operating frequency, the prime mover's power is reduced to zero, and when the grid is at minimum operating frequency, the power is set to 100%, and intermediate values at other operating frequencies.

This mode allows synchronous generators to run in parallel, so that loads are shared among generators with the same droop curve in proportion to their power rating.

In practice, the droop curves that are used by generators on large electrical grids are not necessarily linear or the same, and may be adjusted by operators. This permits the ratio of power used to vary depending on load, so for example, base load generators will generate a larger proportion at low demand. Stability requires that over the operating frequency range the power output is a monotonically decreasing function of frequency.

Droop speed control can also be used by grid storage systems. With droop speed control those systems will remove energy from the grid at higher than average frequencies, and supply it at lower frequencies.

Linear
The frequency of a synchronous generator is given by

where
 F, frequency (in Hz),
 P, number of poles,
 N, speed of generator (in RPM)

The frequency (F) of a synchronous generator is directly proportional to its speed (N). When multiple synchronous generators are connected in parallel to the electrical grid, the frequency is fixed by the grid, since individual power output of each generator will be small compared to the load on a large grid. Synchronous generators connected to the grid run at various speeds but they all run at the same frequency because they differ in the number of poles (P).

A speed reference as percentage of actual speed is set in this mode. As the generator is loaded from no load to full load, the actual speed of the prime mover tends to decrease. In order to increase the power output in this mode, the prime mover speed reference is increased. Because the actual prime mover speed is fixed by the grid, this difference in speed reference and actual speed of the prime mover is used to increase the flow of working fluid (fuel, steam, etc.) to the prime mover, and hence power output is increased. The reverse will be true for decreasing power output. The prime mover speed reference is always greater than actual speed of the prime mover. The actual speed of the prime mover is allowed to "droop" or decrease with respect to the reference, and so the name.

For example, if the turbine is rated at 3000 rpm, and the machine speed reduces from 3000 rpm to 2880 rpm when it is loaded from no load to base load, then the droop % is given by

= (3000 – 2880) / 3000
= 4%

In this case, speed reference will be 104% and actual speed will be 100%. For every 1% change in the turbine speed reference, the power output of the turbine will change by 25% of rated for a unit with a 4% droop setting. Droop is therefore expressed as the percentage change in (design) speed required for 100% governor action.

As frequency is fixed on the grid, and so actual turbine speed is also fixed, the increase in turbine speed reference will increase the error between reference and actual speed. As the difference increases, fuel flow is increased to increase power output, and vice versa. This type of control is referred to as "straight proportional" control. If the entire grid tends to be overloaded, the grid frequency and hence actual speed of generator will decrease. All units will see an increase in the speed error, and so increase fuel flow to their prime movers and power output. In this way droop speed control mode also helps to hold a stable grid frequency. The amount of power produced is strictly proportional to the error between the actual turbine speed and speed reference.

It can be mathematically shown that if all machines synchronized to a system have the same droop speed control, they will share load proportionate to the machine ratings.

For example, how fuel flow is increased or decreased in a GE-design heavy duty gas turbine can be given by the formula,

FSRN = (FSKRN2 * (TNR-TNH)) + FSKRN1

Where,

FSRN = Fuel Stroke Reference (Fuel supplied to Gas Turbine) for droop mode

TNR = Turbine Speed Reference

TNH = Actual Turbine Speed

FSKRN2 = Constant

FSKRN1 = Constant

The above formula is nothing but the equation of a straight line (y = mx + b).

Multiple synchronous generators having equal % droop setting connected to a grid will share the change in grid load in proportion of their base load.

For stable operation of the electrical grid of North America, power plants typically operate with a four or five percent speed droop.  By definition, with 5% droop the full-load speed is 100% and the no-load speed is 105%.

Normally the changes in speed are minor due to inertia of the total rotating  mass of all generators and motors running on the grid. Adjustments in power output for a particular primer mover and generator combination are made by slowly raising the droop curve by increasing the spring pressure on a centrifugal governor or by an engine control unit adjustment, or the analogous operation for an electronic speed governor. All units to be connected to a grid should have the same droop setting, so that all plants respond in the same way to the instantaneous changes in frequency without depending on outside communication.

Next to the inertia given by the parallel operation of synchronous generators, the frequency speed droop is the primary instantaneous parameter in control of  an individual power plant's power output (kW).

See also
 Electric power transmission
 Wide area synchronous grid
 Dynamic demand (electric power)

References

Further reading
 Alfred Engler: Applicability of droops in low voltage grids. International Journal of Distributed Energy Resources, Vol 1, No 1, 2005.

Electric power generation


Michael Thomas Rice Sr. is a former National Basketball Association color commentator, one half of the Portland Trail Blazers' television broadcasting team. A former player and coach, he is the only broadcaster ejected from an NBA game.

Biography

Playing career
A basketball player at Duquesne University, Rice earned an All-American honorable mention selection his senior year, leading his Dukes to the 1962 NIT tournament. During the semi-final of the NIT, Duquesne lost to the St. John's Red Storm. During the game, Rice became involved in a fight with St. John's player Donnie Burks that lasted at least a minute. It was ultimately broken up by the New York City Police Department, who stepped in when members of the Madison Square Garden crowd tried to join the fight. No one was injured and referees did not call fouls on either Rice or Burks. The Associated Press described the event as a "lively brawl".

Although the NBA was calling and the Detroit Pistons selected him in the eighth round of the 1962 NBA draft, Rice decided that his skills could be better utilized from an educational standpoint and opted for a career in coaching.

Coaching career

Rice coached for 13 years at the high school level, posting a career record of 245–71, before moving to college coaching in 1977 when he accepted a position as an assistant coach at Duquesne. He was named the head coach of Duquesne for the 1978–79 season and over his four-year tenure he amassed a record of 62–49, garnering two berths in the National Invitation Tournament and twice being named Eastern Eight Coach of the Year.

Rice then moved to Youngstown State University, where he coached for five years, from 1982–83 through 1986–87. During this period the Penguins twice finished second in the Ohio Valley Conference, peaking with a high of 19 victories in the 1984–85 season. The team amassed 75 wins against 67 losses during the Mike Rice years.

During his final season at Youngstown State, Rice was instrumental in reviving the Greater YSU Holiday Classic basketball tournament, an event which continued annually through the 1991–92 season.

Broadcasting career

After his dismissal at Youngstown State in March 1987, Rice looked for work outside of basketball. He was hired as the vice president of sales and marketing for David Zarzmer Industries, a Youngstown based manufacturers' representative firm.

Rice moved from coaching to broadcasting for the 1987–88 season when he took a job working for ESPN as a college basketball analyst. Rice worked games as primary analyst for the Western Athletic Conference. From 1989 he also worked with SportsChannel America as its primary analyst for World Basketball League broadcasts.

Rice moved to the team-owned broadcasting operations of the Portland Trail Blazers in 1991. Rice was chosen by longtime voice of the Blazers Bill Schonely following a four-person tryout at the Blazers' 1991 Slam 'n' Jam held at Civic Stadium, organized by Blazer team president Marshall Glickman. Rice bested former Oregon State University guard Mark Radford, ex-Blazers assistant coach Jack McKinney, and retired NBA referee Earl Strom in the tryout, which gave each a quarter of the game to work alongside Schonely.

While Rice started as part of the radio team, since the 2006–07 season he has worked with play-by-play announcer Mike Barrett providing color commentary for the television broadcast.

Known affectionately as "The Wild One", Rice has been referred to by journalist Kerry Eggers as "part basketball expert, part entertainer, 100 percent character." Echoing these sentiments, Blazer television producer Scott Zachary has likened him to a "favorite uncle" and publicly pronounced him "a goofy dude."

Rice himself acknowledges a propensity for blurting out sentiments that more circumspect announcers would tend to internally filter. "I don’t give a damn about a lot of things. Later on, I think back, 'Now why’d I do that?'" he has said. This tendency to be what former broadcast partner Eddie Doucette has characterized as a "loose cannon," combined with his unabashed "homerism", has made Rice a figure of some controversy.

Rice's outspoken demeanor resulted in one of the events for which he is best known, his 1994 ejection from an NBA game while working a radio broadcast. As Rice tells the story:

"At the time, Steve Javie, the official, was a young official.  That previous week he had kicked out a mascot, a fan, and kicked somebody else out, a trainer or something like that.  He was on a roll that week, he had made a call, and I looked on the monitor and saw it was a bad call on Cliff Robinson. I kind of put my hands like that [two hands waved at the official] and he ran over. Cliff thought he was going to call a technical on him, because Cliff was standing there doing the same thing. He ran by Cliff and that's when he kicked me out of the game — the rest is history."

Rice added that he subsequently wrote an article for Rip City magazine charging Javie with an abuse of power. "I think he...read that and we have not talked since", he noted in a 2009 interview.

Family and hobbies
Rice's wife Kathy is a former Duquesne basketball player. The couple have two daughters, Susan and Stephanie, both graduates of Syracuse University, and a son, Mike Rice, Jr., who was the head basketball coach at Robert Morris University before moving to the same position at Rutgers University in May 2010. Mike Rice, Jr. was fired by Rutgers on April 3, 2013.

Despite nine surgeries on his right knee, Mike Rice, Sr. remains an avid golfer, sporting a 6 handicap. He frequently brought his golf clubs when he traveled with the team and plays whenever possible. He also plays tennis several times a week.

References

Further reading

 Kerry Eggers, "Wild Rice: Mike Rice has kept Blazer broadcasts lively for 15 years," The Portland Tribune, March 15, 2005. Retrieved October 6, 2009.

External links
 Mike Rice joins the BlazerDancers, TrailblazersTV, Feb. 11, 2013.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American sports announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Detroit Pistons draft picks
Duquesne Dukes men's basketball coaches
Duquesne Dukes men's basketball players
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Portland Trail Blazers announcers
Youngstown State Penguins men's basketball coaches


Jewel Stradford Lafontant-Mankarious (April 28, 1922 – May 31, 1997) was the first female (and African American female) deputy solicitor general of the United States, an official in the administration of President George H. W. Bush, and an attorney in Chicago. She also was considered by President Richard Nixon as a possible nominee to the Supreme Court of the United States.

Early life and education
Born in Chicago as Jewel Carter Stradford, she was the daughter of noted attorney and co-founder of the National Bar Association, C. Francis Stradford, and Aida Arabella Stradford. She was a descendant of the 19th century American artisan, Scipio Vaughan, and his wife, Maria Conway, from whom she acquired Yoruba Nigerian, Native American and Scottish ancestries. Jewel earned a bachelor's degree in political science from Oberlin College in 1943.  While at Oberlin College, Jewel was captain of the volleyball team and a member of the Musical Union, Forensic Union, Cosmopolitan Club, and many other activities.  Jewel began law school in 1943 and was the only African-American woman in her class.  In 1946, she was the first African American woman to graduate from the University of Chicago Law School.

Professional career
In 1947, she was admitted to the Illinois State Bar.  The same year, Jewel became a trial lawyer for the Legal Aid Bureau of Chicago, now Legal Aid Society of Metropolitan Family Services. She formed a law firm in Chicago in 1949 with her first husband, John W. Rogers Sr. In 1955, President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Jewel as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Illinois. She served in that role until 1958.

In July 1960, she was a delegate to the Republican National Convention. She gave the seconding speech for Nixon's nomination to be the Republican candidate for President during the 1960 Presidential election. In 1961, she started a new law firm in Chicago with her father and second husband called Stradford, Lafontant and Lafontant. In 1963, she argued a case before the Supreme Court of the United States. Her case, Beatrice Lynumn v. The State of Illinois set the precedent for the landmark Miranda v. Arizona case in 1966. She ran unsuccessfully for Illinois judicial elections in 1962 and 1970. In 1972, she was a delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention.

She sat on many corporate and non-profits boards, including the boards of Jewel Companies, Trans World Airlines, Mobil Corporation, Revlon, the Illinois Humane Society, Howard University, and Oberlin College.

Work in the Nixon administration
In 1969, Nixon tapped her to serve as vice chairman of the U.S. Advisory Commission on International, Educational and Cultural Affairs.  In 1972, Nixon appointed Jewel to serve as a representative to the General Assembly of the United Nations.  In 1973, Nixon appointed Jewel to be the first-ever female Deputy Solicitor General. She left the administration in 1975 to return to practicing law in Chicago, which she continued to do until 1989.

Work in the George H. W. Bush administration
She was admitted to the D.C. Court of Appeals in 1985. From 1989 until 1993, Jewel held the title of Ambassador-at-Large and was the U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs while in the administration of President George H. W. Bush. Jewel traveled extensively during this time all over the world.  She made a yearly recommendation to President Bush about the number of refugees that should be admitted to the United States. She succeeded Jonathan Moore in this position. After Bush lost his reelection campaign, Jewel returned to Chicago to continue practicing law until her death in 1997.

Consideration for nomination to the Supreme Court and to an appeals court
In his book Witness to Power, John Ehrlichman wrote that Nixon was "intrigued" with the idea of nominating Lafontant to the Supreme Court. Nixon also considered nominating Lafontant to an appeals-court post, but the American Bar Association found her to be unqualified, according to Sheldon Goodman's book Picking Federal Judges, and Nixon dropped the idea.

Personal life
Jewel Stradford married John W. Rogers Sr., a former member of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II, on December 7, 1946; they had one child, investment executive John W. Rogers Jr. (born 1958). The couple divorced in 1961. She remarried, to Haitian-American attorney H. Ernest Lafontant in 1961, and remained married to him until his death in October 1976. She married Naguib Soby Mankarious in 1989 and was married to him until her death in 1997.

She received a Candace Award for Distinguished Service from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women in 1983.

Death
Jewel Stradford Lafontant-Mankarious died of breast cancer at her home in Chicago on May 31, 1997, aged 75.

See also
 Richard Nixon judicial appointment controversies

References

1922 births
1997 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
African-American women lawyers
Deaths from breast cancer
Delta Sigma Theta members
Illinois Republicans
Lawyers from Chicago
Nixon administration personnel
Oberlin College alumni
University of Chicago Law School alumni
Vaughan family (Lagos)
American people of Yoruba descent
American people of Nigerian descent
American people of Scottish descent
20th-century American women lawyers
American corporate directors
American women business executives
African-American business executives
Women corporate directors
20th-century African-American lawyers


Karel Lambert (born 1928) is an American philosopher and logician at the University of California, Irvine and the University of Salzburg. He has written extensively on the subject of free logic, a term which he coined.

Lambert's law
Lambert's law is the major principle in any free definite description theory that says: For all x, x = the y (A) if and only if (A(x/y) & for all y (if A then y = x)).

Free logic itself is an adjustment of a given standard predicate logic such as to relieve it of existential assumptions, and so make it a free logic. Taking Bertrand Russell's predicate logic in his Principia Mathematica as standard, one replaces universal instantiation, , with universal specification . Thus universal statements, like "All men are mortal," or "Everything is a unicorn," do not presuppose that there are men or that there is anything.  These would be symbolized, with the appropriate predicates, as  and , which in Principia Mathematica entail  and , but not in free logic.  The truth of these last statements, when used in a free logic, depend on the domain of quantification, which may be the null set.

Published works
 "Free Logic and the Concept of Existence", Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, VIII, numbers 1 and 2, April 1967.
 Philosophical Applications of Free Logic, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, "A Theory of Definite Descriptions", pp. 17–27, details an account of Russell's Theory of Descriptions in free logic. In the process, he demonstrates how a formulation from Hintikka allows for a contradiction by a correlate in logic to Russell's paradox. He introduces the predicate .
 Free Logic. Selected Essays, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

References

External links
 Official personal page at Internet Archive

1928 births
American logicians
21st-century American philosophers
Academic staff of the University of Salzburg
University of California, Irvine faculty
Living people


The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States.

The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is  long, and averages  wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from  to , and total acreage is . The trail is designated to be used for only non-motorized activities, including biking, hiking, horseback riding, jogging, and Nordic skiing. The trail is managed by the Mountain Trails Foundation.

History

In 1871 the Summit County Railroad Company was organized. It constructed a five-mile (8 km) narrow gauge railway to transport coal from mines in Coalville to the Union Pacific line in Echo. In 1880, the Utah Eastern Railroad built a narrow-gauge line between Coalville and Park City to transport coal to fuel the pumps that removed underground water from Park City’s silver mines. At the same time, the Union Pacific Railroad constructed the Echo-Park City Railway, a broad-gauge spur line, alongside it.

The narrow-gauge lines were eventually abandoned, and in 1989, Union Pacific abandoned its line. Union Pacific, along with the Division of Parks and Recreation, and A&K Railroad Materials, turned the property into the first non-motorized recreational trail in Utah. The state park opened to the public in 1992.

References

External links

 Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park

Hiking trails in Utah
National Recreation Trails in Utah
Protected areas established in 1992
Rail trails in Utah
Protected areas of Summit County, Utah
Union Pacific Railroad
State parks of Utah


Sugiyama (written: 杉山, lit. "Japanese cedar, mountain") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Sport and martial arts
Ai Sugiyama, Japanese professional tennis player
, Japanese footballer
Kento Sugiyama,  Japanese baseball player
Kota Sugiyama, Japanese football player
Marcos Sugiyama, Brazilian Japanese volleyball player
, Japanese mixed martial artist
Ryuichi Sugiyama, Japanese football player
Sachiko Sugiyama, Japanese volleyball player
, Shotokan karate instructor
, Japanese basketball player
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese sport wrestler

Science

Kozo Sugiyama, a researcher in graph layout, author of Sugiyama algorithm.

Arts and entertainment
Heiichi Sugiyama, Japanese poet and film critic
Kazuko Sugiyama, Japanese voice actress
Kira Sugiyama, Japanese photographer
Kiyotaka Sugiyama, Japanese singer-songwriter
Koichi Sugiyama, Japanese composer and council member of JASRAC
Noriaki Sugiyama, Japanese voice actor
Riho Sugiyama, Japanese voice actress
Yasushi Sugiyama, Japanese watercolor painter

Military history
Sugiyama Gengo, another name for Japanese samurai Ishida Shigenari
Hajime Sugiyama, Japanese World War II field marshal

Other
Kozo Sugiyama, Japanese computer scientist and graph drawing researcher
Shinsuke J. Sugiyama, Japanese diplomat

See also
 29624 Sugiyama, a main-belt asteroid
 Sugiyama Jogakuen University, a private women's college in Nagoya, Japan

Japanese-language surnames


Route 20 is a  provincial highway in Newfoundland and Labrador, extending from St. John's to the towns of Torbay, Flatrock, Shoe Cove, Pouch Cove, and the point of Cape St. Francis. Route 20 is located entirely on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland.

Route description

The road begins in the east end of St. John's, where Kenna's Hill forks into two branches: Torbay Road (Route 20) and Logy Bay Road (Route 30).

Within the city of St. John's, Torbay Road is both a major arterial road and a significant commercial area, with many strip malls as well as the Torbay Road Mall and, north of the Trans-Canada Highway, the Stavanger Drive big-box retail area. The road is heavily travelled in the mornings and evenings as workers commute into and out of the city. At a point approximately 7 kilometres north of its southern terminus, Torbay Road continues northerly through the community of Torbay, while Route 20 transfers onto the Torbay Bypass. Completed in late 2011, the two-lane bypass diverts around Torbay, with access to the major intersecting roads of Indian Meal Line and Bauline Line; prior to its construction, the highway number continued through the centre of Torbay along Torbay Road.

About 7 kilometres further north near Flatrock, Torbay Road and the Torbay Bypass reunite; both road names end at that point, while the highway number continues northerly for 9.6 kilometres under the name Pouch Cove Highway to the community of Pouch Cove, where it becomes Main Road and continues for 5.5 kilometres to the highway's northern terminus at the Cape St. Francis lighthouse in Biscayan Cove.

Major intersections

See also
List of Newfoundland and Labrador highways

References

20


Angel chimes, also known as angel-abra, are a form of Christmas decoration popular in Europe and North America. They apparently have the same origins as the Christmas pyramid, which functions on the same principle. They differ from these, primarily, in being mass-produced from metal and having bell-ringing angels, whereas Christmas pyramids are usually crafted from wood and do not necessarily have bells.

Function
Angel chimes have candle holders at the base which provide heat which turns a turbine at the top, which powers a series of trumpet-holding angel figures which "fly" around in a circle, striking bells beneath them. They usually have other decorative motifs, such as the Star of Bethlehem or a creche.

History

The earliest known patent for an angel chime was filed by Walter Stock of the German toy firm Adrian & Stock. The pre-World War II German-made chimes were usually made of tin and featured lithography.

In Sweden

Christmas angel chimes are popularly known as "änglaspel" in Sweden.  After World War II, Swedish-made chimes became popular in both Europe and North America. These brought a simpler aesthetic in brass.

In Denmark
They are known as "Englespil" in Denmark.

In Asia
More recently, angel chimes manufactured in China has come to dominate the export market. The design now includes spinning candles.

United States
Angel Chimes USA (ACUSA) distributes The Original Angel Chimes which is manufactured by their manufacturer in Turkey, Aras Metals. ACUSA and Aras metals purchased the Original Molds from the family who first created them in Sweden in 1948.

In popular culture
There are a number of songs written about angel chimes, which include Angel's song, the Christmas Chimes. The sheet music has been compiled at the performing arts encyclopedia of the United States Library of Congress up to the present day. Ringle-rey, Shoo-hey by Birgit Ridderstedt also refers to angel chimes.

Nina Raine uses Angel Chimes in her play, Rabbit.

References

Christmas decorations
Candles


Route 60, also known as Topsail Road in Mount Pearl and St. Johns, and as Conception Bay Highway for the rest of its length, is a  east-west highway on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. It runs between the town of Cupids and the city of St. John's.

Route description

Route 60 begins as Topsail Road at the west end of Water Street in downtown St. John's, where the road divides into Topsail Road and Waterford Bridge Road. It continues on through the west end of St. John's, then through the northern part of the city of Mount Pearl. After the overpass of Kenmount Road, the road passes through the towns of Paradise, Topsail, and Chamberlains.

After reaching the town of Manuels, Route 60 becomes the Conception Bay Highway, continuing through Conception Bay South, Holyrood, Marysvale, Brigus and ending at the intersection of Route 70 in the town of Cupids.

Within Mount Pearl and St. John's, Topsail Road is a major arterial road and commercial area.  Two shopping malls, Mount Pearl Square and the Village Shopping Centre, are located on the road, as well as a number of strip malls, fast-food restaurants, other businesses, and residential properties.

Once out of the city, Route 60 also runs along the side of Conception Bay through many small rural communities. Route 60 was the main route for many people who live outside St. Johns area to travel into the city before Route 1 (TCH) was constructed.

East of its intersection with Cornwall Avenue, Topsail Road narrows to two lanes.  The section from Cornwall Avenue to Water Street is often referred to as Old Topsail Road, although this is not its official name.

A large portion of the annual Tely 10 road race traces Route 60 eastbound through Paradise, Mount Pearl, and St. John's.

Communities along Route 60

Cupids
Cupids Crossing
Brigus
Georgetown
Marysvale
Colliers
Conception Harbour
Ballyhack
Middle Arm
Avondale
Harbour Main-Chapel's Cove-Lakeview
Holyrood
Conception Bay South
Paradise
Mount Pearl
St. John's

Major intersections

References

060
Conception Bay South
Mount Pearl
Streets in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador


The Sonoma orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America. The exact age and structure of the Sonoma orogeny is controversial. The orogeny is generally thought to have occurred during the Permian / Triassic transition, around 250 million years ago, following the Late Devonian Antler orogeny. The Sonoma orogeny was one of a sequence of accretionary events along the Cordilleran margin, possibly caused by the closure of the basin between the island arc of Sonomia and the North American continent. Evidence of this event has been reported throughout western North America, but most distinctly in northwest Nevada.

The orogeny was named by Silberling and Roberts, who identified it with the Havallah Formation, originally thought to date to the Pennsylvanian and Permian ages but has since been revised to include rocks of Late Devonian and Mississippian age. Some geologists dispute whether convergent plate tectonics produced the Sonoma orogeny.

Stratigraphy
The Havallah sequence is the informal name for sequence including the Havallah Formation and other related strata. The Havallah sequence is universally associated with the Sonoma orogeny, but units of the same age range and roughly the same lithic composition, along the western and northern margins of the Havallah, are also relevant.  These units include the Inskip Formation in the East Range and a series of formations in the Hot Springs Range.  These units consist of basalt, felsite, bedded chert, limestone, and detrital rocks ranging from conglomerate to argillite that accumulated in a trough west of the Antler orogenic belt.

The Havallah sequence is underlain by the Golconda thrust, and is therefore a component of the Golconda allochthon. Speed observed that there are no arc-derived sedimentary rocks in the Golconda allochthon.

Theories

Dickinson expanded the reach of the Sonoma orogeny as follows: segments of accreted Permian island arcs, composed of volcanic and volcaniclastic strata and paired geotectonically with Sonoma accretionary prisms to the east, are present in the Klamath-Sierran region of the Cordilleran orogen to the south of volcanic cover in the Pacific Northwest.

Burchfiel and Davis presented a detailed model relating the Sonoma orogeny to convergent plate tectonic processes.  They postulated an east-dipping subduction zone beneath a magmatic arc to the west of the continent.  In this scheme, a back-arc basin floored by oceanic crust lay between the arc and the continent.   The Sonoma orogeny involved closure of this basin and a process by which the blanket of oceanic sedimentary rocks (the Havallah sequence) was obducted onto the continental shelf via the Golconda thrust.  To account for the absence of oceanic crust in the obducted rocks, Davis later proposed the unique concept that the Havallah was separated from the underlying oceanic crust by a process of subduction and obduction. Silberling presented a model similar to that of Burchfiel and Davis

Miller and others found that the Schoonover sequence, a northern correlative of the Havallah sequence, was compatible with a back-arc thrusting model for the Sonoma orogeny.

Speed offered a distinctly different model involving a volcanic arc above a west-dipping subduction zone to the west of the continent.  In this model, an expanse of oceanic crust subducted westward under the volcanic arc, causing the overlying sedimentary rocks of the Havallah sequence to be scraped off the descending plate and forced over the approaching continental slope. Snyder and Brueckner supported the Speed model with detailed lithic descriptions of the Havallah.  They interpreted the lithic composition of the Havallah to be the sedimentary floor of an extensive ocean basin. Brueckner and Snyder expressed some uncertainty about the exact time of final emplacement of the allochthon, but emphasized that structures associated with the Sonoma orogeny had a long history from the middle Paleozoic to the Permian-Triassic periods.

Controversy and new ideas

Stewart and others revisited the classic Havallah locality at China Mountain in the Tobin Range, making use of a large number of fossil collections.  This locality had been cited by Silberling and Roberts as displaying the best evidence for the existence of the Sonoma orogeny, having been tightly folded and thrust-faulted and overlain unconformably by the Triassic Koipato Formation.  However, according to Stewart and others, the Havallah at that location is not tightly folded but is composed of nearly homoclinal strata separated by numerous undated faults sub-parallel to bedding.  Stewart and others also cast some doubt as to the nature of the contact with the overlying Koipato Formation indicating on their map of the area that it could be a fault.

In the East Range just to the west of China Mountain, Whitebread mapped the contact between strata of Permian age, at the top of the Havallah, and the base of the overlying Koipato as parallel, indicating a lack of evidence for an orogeny at the Permian-Triassic boundary.

Ketner, in a complete reversal of the conventional concepts of the Sonoma orogeny, combined all similar deep-water Upper Devonian to Permian sequences in the area of the type Havallah sequence into a single genetic assemblage. Ketner concluded  that Paleozoic deposits were compressed in the Jurassic, with the east-verging Golconda thrust in the east, and west-verging thrusts in western parts of the depositional basin. Ketner's work denied the oceanic origin of the Havallah and related sequences, eliminated the necessity for convergent plate tectonics and a far-traveled allochthon, established the age of the Golconda thrust as post-Triassic, and cast doubt on the very existence of the Sonoma orogeny.

References

Orogenies of North America
Events in the geological history of Earth
Permian orogenies
Triassic orogenies


Kenmount Road is a major road in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.  It begins at the intersection of Freshwater Road and Thorburn Road, just east of the Columbus Drive overpass.  Originally passing through rural farmland, Kenmount Road is now a significant commercial area, with the Avalon Mall at its eastern end, followed by a series of car dealerships, restaurants, hotels, and other businesses.  At its western end, Kenmount Road intersects Topsail Road and the Trans-Canada Highway, and has been extended into the Town of Paradise, where it runs into another road, McNamara Drive.

O'Leary Industrial Park is located just north of Kenmount Road, with access via Pippy Place and Peet Street.  Further west, past the intersection with the Team Gushue Highway, lies the Kelsey Drive big-box retail area.  West of Kelsey Drive, the new Kenmount Terrace subdivision is currently under development. In the 2022 provincial budget it was announced that a school would be constructed in Kenmount Terrace, a first for the area.

The Trans-Canada Highway originally continued down Kenmount Road, prior to the construction of the Outer Ring Road in the 1990s, which diverted the highway onto a new alignment across the north of the city.

The overpass that carries Kenmount Road (originally the Trans-Canada Highway) over Topsail Road holds a special place in the province.  One of the first highway interchanges constructed in the province, it has come to represent the boundary between the St. John's urban region and the remainder of the island.  The phrase "beyond the overpass" is commonly used to refer collectively to all areas of Newfoundland that lie outside the boundaries of metro St. John's.

References

See also
List of Newfoundland and Labrador highways

Streets in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador


Anthology, Vol. 1: Cowboy Man is a compilation album of country songs by Lyle Lovett, released in 2001.  Two songs ("The Truck Song" and "San Antonio Girl") saw their first release on this compilation; all other tracks were previously released.

Both previously unreleased tracks were later included on Lovett's 2003 studio album My Baby Don't Tolerate.

Track listing
All songs by Lyle Lovett.
 "The Truck Song" – 3:06
 previously unreleased
 "Cowboy Man" – 2:51
 From Lyle Lovett, 1986
 "God Will" – 2:15
 From Lyle Lovett, 1986
 "Farther Down the Line" – 3:06
 From Lyle Lovett, 1986
 "This Old Porch" –  4:17
 From Lyle Lovett, 1986
 "Why I Don't Know" – 2:43
 From Lyle Lovett, 1986
 "If I Were the Man You Wanted" – 3:59
 From Lyle Lovett, 1986
 "San Antonio Girl" – 3:37
 previously unreleased
 "If I Had a Boat" – 3:09
 From Pontiac, 1988
 "Give Back My Heart" – 3:02
 From Pontiac, 1988
 "I Loved You Yesterday" – 2:59
 From Pontiac, 1988
 "Walk Through the Bottomland" – 4:13
 From Pontiac, 1988
 "L.A. County" – 3:18
 From Pontiac, 1988
 "Which Way Does That Old Pony Run" – 4:10
 From Lyle Lovett and His Large Band, 1989
 "If You Were to Wake Up" – 4:09
 From Lyle Lovett and His Large Band, 1989

Chart performance

References

2001 compilation albums
Lyle Lovett albums
MCA Records compilation albums


Northern bleached softwood kraft (NBSK) is the paper industry's benchmark grade of pulp. Market NBSK is produced mainly in Canada and the Nordic countries. Some NBSK is also produced in north-western United States and in Russia. NBSK futures are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.

Properties
This pulp grade is very diverse. All NBSK pulps have long fibers and is often used as reinforcement pulp.

NBSK from British Columbia is mainly from Lodgepole Pine, with a significant amount of White Spruce. Redcedar, douglas fir, hemlock, and larch make up a smaller portion of the chip furnish.  NBSK is known for having longer fiber lengths and larger fiber diameter than anywhere else in the world due to very long growing season and mild climate.

NBSK from Siberia is made from pine, spruce and european larch and tend to be shorter and thinner than other NBSK pulps due to the short growing season. The larch makes up about 15% of the wood furnish and gives a rather coarse fiber that makes Siberian NBSK less desirable as reinforcement pulp.

The only single species NBSK is of plantation Radiata pine from New Zealand, Brazil and Chile. It has good brightness and cleanliness that is appreciated in printing and writing papers.

NBSK from Scandinavia is only from scots pine and norway spruce in the normal mix 7:3. The mix might vary much with the season as norway spruce grows on wetter lands that is easier accessed in the winter when the ground is frozen.

Applications
The most common use of NBSK is as reinforcement fibres when making paper or as raw material for kraft paper. It is also used in tissue paper.

See also
 Southern bleached softwood kraft

References

External links
 NBSK futures prices

Papermaking
Pulp and paper industry


Uncial 0150 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), X2 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. It is dated paleographically to the 9th century.

Description
The codex contains the Pauline epistles with some lacunae, on 150 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, 34 lines per page, in large uncial letters. It contains a commentary.

Epistle to the Hebrews placed between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy.

The Greek text of this codex is mostly Byzantine with some Alexandrian readings. Aland placed it in Category III.

In Ephesians 4:16 it reads συνβιβαζομενον for συμβιβαζομενον; the reading is supported by Papyrus 46, Papyrus 99, Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus.

Gregory dated it to the 10th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 9th century.

Formerly it was classified as minuscule 413p. In 1908 Gregory gave number 150 to it.

The codex currently is located at the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian (Ms. 61), at Patmos.

See also
 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism

References

Greek New Testament uncials
9th-century biblical manuscripts


Robert Roy Garibaldi (March 3, 1942 – May 13, 2023) was a Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played from 1962 to 1963, and in 1966 and 1969. He batted left-handed, threw right-handed, weighed 210 pounds and was .

Garibaldi was born in Stockton, California, and attended Stagg High School and then the Santa Clara University, with whom he won the 1962 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award. He is the only player from Santa Clara University to ever win that award. He also set two records in that Series: a strikeout record (38 strikeout) and an innings-pitched record (27 innings pitched).

Although Casey Stengel of the New York Mets tried to convince Garibaldi to sign with them (he even left a game early to travel to Stockton, California, to try to persuade Garibaldi), Garibaldi chose not to sign with the Mets. Instead, he signed with the Giants. After signing with the San Francisco Giants for a record bonus of $150,000, Garibaldi jumped straight from college to the major leagues, making his big league debut on July 15, 1962. Facing the New York Mets, he pitched a perfect inning in his debut, striking out one batter. He would pitch nine games in 1962, going 0–0 with a 5.11 ERA. He was the ninth youngest player in 1962.

In 1963, Garibaldi went 0–1 with a 1.13 ERA in four games. He would not pitch in the majors again until 1966. In 1966, he appeared in one game, pitching a near-perfect inning of work, allowing a single hit. He'd have to wait until 1969 to play in the big leagues again. Once again, he appeared in only one game, making the only start of his career. Despite pitching five solid innings and posting an ERA of 1.80, he still lost the game because his defense allowed three unearned runs (he allowed four runs total). He played his final major league game on October 1.

Although his big league career was over, his professional career was not. He continued to pitch in the Giants organization until the end of the 1970 season. He was traded to the Kansas City Royals on October 19, 1970 for Fran Healy. In early 1971, he was traded to the San Diego Padres for Mike Jackson. He played for the Padres top farm team, the Hawaii Islanders, in 1971 and  before retiring.

Overall, Garibaldi went 0–2 with a 3.08 ERA in the majors. In 15 games, he had 11 walks and 14 strikeouts. Garibaldi was the last $100,000 Bonus Baby pitcher to never win a game.

While pitching for the Giants' AAA teams in Tacoma and Phoenix from 1963 to 1970, Garibaldi recorded a record of 85–69, with a high of 15 wins in 1970. He tied for the PCL lead in wins, with 13, in 1969, and led the PCL in complete games with 17 in 1969, and 20 in 1970. He was named as pitcher on the National Association All-Star Fielding Silver Glove team by The Sporting News for the 1969 season. He was a player-manager for the Phoenix Giants in 1970.

After his baseball career, he worked for many years as a college basketball referee.

References

External links

The Sports Critics.com

1942 births
2023 deaths
American people of Italian descent
Major League Baseball pitchers
San Francisco Giants players
Baseball players from Stockton, California
College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award winners
Santa Clara Broncos baseball players
Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball players
San Francisco Warriors draft picks
College men's basketball referees in the United States
American men's basketball players
Tacoma Giants players
Phoenix Giants players
Hawaii Islanders players
Minor league baseball managers
Stagg High School (Stockton, California) alumni


Xcaret Park (; ) is a privately owned and operated theme park, resort and self-described ecotourism development located in the Riviera Maya, a portion of the Caribbean coastline of Mexico's state of Quintana Roo. It is part of Xcaret Experiencias Group which also owns the Xplor Park, Xel-Ha Park, and Xenses Park; as well as the Xichen, Xenotes, Xavage and Xoximilco tours and activities.  It is situated approximately  south of Cancún, and   south of the nearest large settlement Playa del Carmen along Highway 307. It is named after the nearby archaeological site Xcaret, a settlement constructed by the pre-Columbian Maya some of whose structures lie within the boundaries of the park's  of land holdings.

From 2010 to 2015, Xcaret Experiencias has been recognized as one of The Best Mexican Companies (Las Mejores Empresas Mexicanas), a recognition promoted by Banamex,  Deloitte México and Tecnológico de Monterrey.

History

The Ecological Park is built in the same area as the archaeological site and has the same name, Xcaret.

The land was originally purchased by a group of Mexican entrepreneurs, led by architect Miguel Quintana Pali. 5 hectares of the land was purchased in 1984.

When he began to clear the land, he started uncovering cenotes, sinkholes formed by collapsed cave ceilings weakened by 3 million years of erosion from underground rivers running through them and flowing into the sea. He saw the potential for tourism and formulated the idea of an Ecological Park open to the public, and soon joined forces with Oscar, Marcos and Carlos Constandse, achieving this goal in December 1990.

At the same time, contact was established with the National Institute of Anthropology and History (Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia) with the objective of rebuilding the remnants of the Mayan pyramids and buildings that were found in the area. The park's administration subsidized all the operation and the INAH put in charge a team of specialists.

Attractions
The nature-based attractions of the park include a river that goes through the Mayan village, a subterranean concrete sluice in which people can swim and snorkel with a life vest. Near the inlet there are recreational activities at the beach, snorkeling, Sea Trek and Snuba in the nearby reefs, or swimming with dolphins. The park also has a coral reef aquarium turtle nesting site. Next to the inlet there's an area for manatees. The park also has a bird pavilion, butterfly pavilion, bat cave, orchids and bromeliad greenhouse, an island of jaguars, and a deer shelter, among others.

The cultural attractions include an open church, replica of a Mayan village with real artisans at work, a Mexican cemetery, a museum, an equestrian show, Mesoamerican ball game, an open theater with performances of pre-Hispanic dances, Papantla flying men and the Gran Tlachco (a theater with a capacity of 6000 people) where the Mesoamerican ball game is represented, as well as the meeting of two worlds, the Mayan and the Spanish, and the presentation of several Mexican folklore dances. Other demonstrations of Mexican traditions include Day of the Dead celebration and the "Travesía Sagrada Maya" (Mayan Sacred Crossing), an annual rite when Mayans would cross the sea from Xcaret and Playa del Carmen to Cozumel to pay homage to the lunar goddess Ix Chel. The modern version is a re-creation of this rite done in late May to early June.

The park also has a Temascal and Spa, has 11 restaurants, dressing rooms, souvenirs and handicrafts stores, as well as an adjacent all-inclusive resort hotel.

Performances
Xcaret has different performances throughout the day in different areas of the park. The Charreria show is located outside of La Cocina Restaurant, and which has performances by Charros, Adelitas and a parade of Aztec Horses. The Duration of this show is 20 minutes and it is subject to park operations and seasonal requirements. The Papantla Flyers ritual ceremony is located outside of Xcaret Plus facilities. This show is 25 minutes long and it is shown four times a day. Pre-Hispanic performances take place in The Mayan Village and it is 25 minutes long. The Xcaret México Espectacular show is the biggest show in the park. It is 2 hours long and more than 300 artist perform on this show. This Show is located in the Gran Tlachco Theater and it is the last show of the day.

See also
Xel-Ha Park

References

Further reading

External links

Xcaret Park website
Xcaret Experiencias website
riviera maya tours
Las Mejores Empresas Mexicanas (The Best Mexican Companies)

Amusement parks in Mexico
Solidaridad (municipality)
Water parks in Mexico
Zoos in Mexico
Buildings and structures in Quintana Roo
Tourist attractions in Quintana Roo
Protected areas established in 1991
1991 establishments in Mexico


Beijing Peking University Unity Microsystems Technology Co., Ltd (or PKUnity) is a Beijing-based Chinese high-tech enterprise engaged in home-grown CPU (Central Processing Unit) development and system design.

History
PKUnity grew from the Peking University's Microprocessor R&D Center and was founded in November 2002.. With a series of significant in R&D and the commercialization of home-grown CPU development in recent years, the company has been recognized as one of the pioneers and leaders in microprocessor design in China.

External links
Company website

Companies based in Beijing


{{DISPLAYTITLE:C2H5N}}
The molecular formula C2H5N (molar mass: 43.07 g/mol, exact mass: 43.0422 u) can refer to:

 Aziridine
 Ethanimine or its tautomer, vinylamine
 N-Methylmethanimine


Circe Maia, (born June 29, 1932, in Montevideo), is a Uruguayan poet, essayist, translator, and teacher.

Biography
Circe Maia was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1932. Her parents were María Magdalena Rodríguez and the notary Julio Maia, both originally from the north of Uruguay. Her father published her first book of poetry (Plumitas, 1944) when she was just 12 years old. The sudden death of her mother when she was 19 left a somber mark on Maia's first book of mature poetry which was published when she was 25 (En el tiempo, 1958).

She married Ariel Ferreira, a medical doctor, in 1957. In 1962 they moved permanently to Tacuarembó in the north of Uruguay with their first two children.

She studied philosophy in the Instituto de Profesores Artigas and also at the Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias of the Universidad de la República, both in Montevideo. She began teaching philosophy at a Tacuarembó high school and at the Instituto de Formación Docente de Tacuarembó, the local teachers' college. She was a founding member of a students' union (Centro de Estudiantes del Instituto de Profesores Artigas) and an active member of the Socialist Party of Uruguay.

The years of the civil-military dictatorship of Uruguay were difficult for Circe Maia and her family. At 3 a.m. one morning in 1972, police raided their home to arrest both Ariel and Circe. However Circe was allowed to remain because she was caring for their four-day-old daughter. Her husband was imprisoned for two years for being associated with the Tupamaros National Liberation Movement. In 1973 the government dismissed her from her teaching position at the high school. However, she began to teach English and French language classes privately. In 1982 her 18-year-old son was killed in an automobile accident. This tragedy combined with the pressures of the dictatorship caused her to suspend poetry writing. With the return of democracy in 1985, her position at the high school was restored, and in 1987 she published two books, Destrucciones, a small book of bitter prose, and Un viaje a Salto, a narrative about an incident during her husband's imprisonment.

Her return to poetry was marked by the publication of Superficies (1990), which was followed by other poetry books and her translations from English, Greek, and other languages. For the reading public, her most important publication was the recompilation of poetry from her previous nine books appearing as Circe Maia: obra poética (2007 and 2010), amounting to over 400 pages.

Circe Main taught philosophy in high school until her retirement in 2001, but she continued to teach English in a private institute and direct local theater productions, as well as continuing her work as a poet, essayist, and translator.

Poetry
In her first book as an adult, En el tiempo (1958) Circe Maia wrote that she favored a poetic language that was "direct, sober, and open, that was not different in tone from conversation, but was a conversation with greater quality, greater intensity.... The mission of this language is to uncover, not to hide; to uncover the value and meaning of existence, not to usher us into a separate world requiring an exclusive and closed poetic language". Throughout her poetic career Maia has been faithful to this conviction. People, objects, personal tragedies, the art of painting, and the passage of time are some themes she has "uncovered", and by doing so has revealed the human condition. She uses her personal experience to feel the pulse of humanity and to discuss it conversationally, as with a close friend.

For more than fifty years she has avoided letting her poetry become self-contained, the sort of literature that ends up as monologue. As she has said, I see "in daily lived experience one of the most authentic sources of poetry". Her intensely intelligent poetry is an expression of sensation, especially the heard and the seen.

Her poems have been set to music by Daniel Viglietti, Jorge Lazaroff, Numa Moraes, and Andrés Stagnaro, among others. That her poetry has been part of the spirit of the times can be seen in the Uruguayan nueva canción group of the late 1970s Los que Iban Cantando, whose name was inspired by a poem in her book En el tiempo (1958). Perhaps more significantly, her poem Por detrás de mi voz was set to music by Daniel Viglietti in 1978 as Otra voz canta. This song, sometimes performed in combination with the poem Desaparecidos by Mario Benedetti, became a Latin American anthem against the military regimes that committed forced disappearances, especially those participating in Operation Condor:

Regional background

Maia has lived for many years in the northern city of Tacuarembó. Along with fellow writer Jesús Moraes, she is one of the relatively few contemporary Uruguayan writers to be strongly identified with the north of the country.

'Poemas de Caraguatá'

Her series of poems 'Poemas de Caraguatá, I, II, III & IV', take their name from the Maia's reflections provoked by an indigenous toponym of Tacuarembó Department in the north of the country, which may variously refer to a range of hills Cuchilla de Caraguatá, a local town named after that range of hills, a local river, the Caraguatá River, or a local plant.

In this series of poems are contained reflections to which local topography, flora and fauna have given rise.

Prizes
 2007, Premio Nacional de Poesía de Uruguay.
 2009, Premio Anual de Literatura–Poesía, for the book Obra Completa.
 2009, Homenaje de la Academia Nacional de Letras.
 2010, Premio Bartolomé Hidalgo a la trayectoria.
 2012, Medalla Delmira Agustini.
 2015, Premio Bartolomé Hidalgo de poesía for the book Dualidades.
 2015, El Gran Premio a la Labor Intelectual, MEC.
 2023, Premio Internacional de Poesía Ciudad de Granada Frederico García Lorca.

Bibliography

Poetry
Collections
1944, Plumitas.
1958, En el tiempo.
1958, Presencia diaria.
1970, El Puente.
1972, Maia, Bacelo, Benavides; poesía.
1978, Cambios, permanencias.
1981, Dos voces
1986, Destrucciones, (prose poems).
1987, Un viaje a Salto, (prose).
1990, Superficies.
1996, Círculo de luz, círculo de sombra, (translation of her poetry into Swedish).
1998, De lo visible.
1999, Medida por medida, (translation of Shakespeare's Measure for Measure).
2001, Breve sol.
2001, Yesterday a Eucalyptus, (translation of her poetry into English).
2004, A Trip to Salto, (English translation of her 1987 book).
2010, Obra poética, (collected poetry).
2011, La casa de polvo sumeria: sobre lecturas y traducciones.
2013, La pesadora de perlas.
2013, Poemas: Robin Fulton, (her translation of the Scottish poet).
2014, Dualidades
2015, El Puente Invisible/The Invisible Bridge/Selected Poems of Circe Maia (bilingual edition)
2018, Transparencias
2018, Múltiples paseos a un lugar desconocido
2020, Voces del agua

List of poems

See also

 Cuchilla de Caraguatá#Featured in literature

References

External links
 Circe Maia poem in translation at Poetry Daily.
 Five poems in translation at Blackbird.
 Three poems in translation at The American Literary Review
 Two poems in translation at Boston Review.
 Three poems in translation at Escape into Life.
 Two poems in translation published in Philosophy Now.

Members of the Uruguayan Academy of Language
1932 births
Living people
20th-century Uruguayan poets
20th-century essayists
20th-century translators
20th-century Uruguayan women writers
21st-century Uruguayan poets
21st-century essayists
21st-century translators
21st-century Uruguayan women writers
Greek–Spanish translators
Italian–Spanish translators
People from Tacuarembó
The New Yorker people
University of the Republic (Uruguay) alumni
Uruguayan translators
Uruguayan women essayists
Uruguayan women poets
Writers from Montevideo
Recipients of the Delmira Agustini Medal


Aksys Games Localization, Inc. is a video game publisher that specializes in translating and localizing Japanese video games for English-speaking markets. It was founded by Akibo Shieh in 2006. Some of its clients include Bandai Namco Games, Xseed Games, and Atlus USA. Aksys Games is best known for its involvement in the Guilty Gear series, as well as for publishing numerous Otome games in English. It has become a full-fledged game publisher with the announcement of Eagle Eye Golf for PlayStation 2, and has expressed a desire to publish for all current platforms from Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony.

The company's name is coincidentally similar to Arc System Works, with whom it has a partnership. Despite their similar names, and the partnership between them, neither company owns the other. Aksys Games publishes many games for Arc System Works in North America, and has even assisted the latter in releasing the Bit.Trip series in Japan.

Aksys is also the North American distributor for the European publisher Rising Star Games. In addition, Aksys localized Nihon Falcom's role-playing game Tokyo Xanadu for the American market in 2017.

Video games

Console games

PlayStation 2

PlayStation 3

PlayStation 4

Wii

Wii U

Nintendo Switch

Xbox 360

Xbox One

Portable games

Nintendo DS

Nintendo 3DS

PlayStation Portable

PlayStation Vita

iOS

PC games

Microsoft Windows

References

External links

2006 establishments in California
Companies based in Torrance, California
American companies established in 2006
Video game companies established in 2006
Video game companies of the United States
Video game publishers
Video game localization


Saru Get You: SaruSaru Big Mission (Japanese name: サルゲッチュ　サルサル大作戦 Sarugetchu: Saru Saru Daisakusen) is a video game in the Ape Escape series released in Japan for the PlayStation Portable system.

Plot
After kidnapping The Professor, Aki, Sayaka, Satoru and Hikaru, Specter goes on to shrink the laboratory with Kakeru and Natsumi still inside. On the bright side, the lab is now the perfect size to be disguised as a Pipo Helmet - Natsumi and Kakeru can use this to take control over monkeys (or Piposaru in Japan) to help rescue their friends and defeat Specter once again.

Gameplay
Unlike other stand-alone titles in the series such as Pipo Saru 2001 and Ape Escape: Pumped & Primed, the game borrows heavily from Ape Escape 3. The same graphic engine is used, which is a first for Ape Escape, as usually all games' graphics are re-created for each game.
In a different approach to the normal gameplay, SaruSaru Big Mission has the player controlling the Pipo Helmet shaped lab. By latching it onto a monkey, they can gain control of it, including any abilities it may have. If the monkey takes too much damage, they will lose control of it. The aim is to utilize the monkeys' abilities to reach the end of the level safely.

References

External links
Official site for Saru Saru Daisakusen

2007 video games
Ape Escape games
H.a.n.d. games
Japan-exclusive video games
PlayStation Portable games
PlayStation Portable-only games
Single-player video games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Video games about size change
Video games developed in Japan


Nikos Argyropoulos (alternate spelling: Argiropoulos) (; born March 25, 1978, in Patras, Greece) is a Greek former professional basketball player. At a height of 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) tall, he played at the point guard and shooting guard positions

Professional career
Argyropoulos started his professional career with Apollon Patras. After three years in the top-tier Greek 1st Division, Patras moved down to the second-tier Greek 2nd Division for 4 years. In 2003, they returned to the first division. In 2005, he moved to Olympiacos, where he played for one year, and then he moved to Panellinios. He then joined Aris.

He was voted the Greek 2nd Division's MVP in 2012.

National team career
Argyropoulos was a member of the Greek junior national teams. He played at the 1996 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship.

External links
Euroleague.net Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Greek Basket League Profile

1978 births
Living people
Basketball players from Patras
Apollon Patras B.C. players
Aris B.C. players
Greek men's basketball players
Olympiacos B.C. players
Panellinios B.C. players
Point guards
Shooting guards


Mary Wiltenburg (born July 6, 1976) is an American journalist based in Baltimore, Maryland, whose stories profile unfamous people and communities.

Biography
Wiltenburg was born July 6, 1976, in Rochester, New York. She is the daughter of Candace O'Connor and the niece of Kyrie O'Connor. She is a 1998 graduate of Swarthmore College with a degree in English.

Wiltenburg's freelance reporting and photography have appeared in the Monitor, Der Spiegel, The Boston Globe Magazine, and Grist Magazine, and her multimedia and broadcast work on Nightline, This American Life, and Morning Edition. She started her journalism career at Seattle NPR affiliate KUOW and This American Life, before joining the staff of The Christian Science Monitor from 2001 to 2004, where she covered prison education, clergy sexual abuse, the aftermath of genocide in Rwanda, and the dawn of marriage equality in Massachusetts.

Awards
 2010 International Catholic Union of the Press Award for solidarity with refugees, for her series "Little Bill Clinton"
 2010 American Society of Journalists and Authors feature writing award, for her profile of a refugee stranded in Tanzania
 2008 National Education Writers Association multimedia award, for the "Little Bill Clinton" series
 2008 German Marshall Fund Peter R. Weitz Award, for her coverage of US service members stationed in Germany
 2001 National Education Writers Association feature writing award, for her story "Shakespeare Behind Bars"

References

External links
Mary Wiltenburg's website

1976 births
The Christian Science Monitor people
American women journalists
American reporters and correspondents
American non-fiction writers
Swarthmore College alumni
Living people
John Burroughs School alumni


SWPL may refer to:

 Scottish Women's Premier League, an association football league in Scotland
 South West Peninsula League, an association football league in England
 Stuff White People Like, a satirical weblog


is a song by Japanese rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation. It was released as the third and last single of their fifth studio album, World World World, on February 6, 2008. The song was first introduced late 2007 during a live, onstage performance in Korea while the band was on its Project Beef tour. The song was ranked 8th on fans request for band's 10th anniversary live setlist on September 14, 2013.

In December 2022, the song was used as the ending for the final episode of anime Bocchi the Rock!, where it was covered by Kessoku Band from the series.

In June 2023, the song was selected as theme song to Television Kanagawa's broadcast of the Kanagawa High School Baseball tournament taking place in July.

Music video
The music video for "Korogaru Iwa, Kimi ni Asa ga Furu" was directed by Kazuyoshi Oku. The music video primarily centers around a young boy planting and watching a seed sprout in flowerpot.

Track listing

Personnel
Masafumi Gotō – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Kensuke Kita – lead guitar, background vocals
Takahiro Yamada –  bass, background vocals
Kiyoshi Ijichi – drums
Asian Kung-Fu Generation – producer
Yusuke Nakamura – single cover art

Charts

External links

References

Asian Kung-Fu Generation songs
2008 singles
Songs written by Masafumi Gotoh
Ki/oon Music singles
2008 songs


Uncial 0151 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), X21 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. It is dated paleographically to the 9th century.

Description

The codex contains the Pauline epistles with some gaps (lacunae), on 192 parchment leaves (34 cm by 25 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 33 lines per page, in large uncial letters. It contains a commentary.

Epistle to the Hebrews is placed between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.

Textually it is close to Codex Mosquensis I.

C. R. Gregory dated it to the 12th century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 9th century.

Formerly it was classified as minuscule 414p. In 1908 Gregory gave number 151 to it.

The codex currently is located at the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian (Ms. 62), at Patmos.

See also

 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism

References

Greek New Testament uncials
9th-century biblical manuscripts


Adams of Eagle Lake is an American hour-long police series that aired on ABC in 1975.  Andy Griffith starred as Chief of Police Sam Adams and the episodes presented his attempts to maintain the law in a small resort town.  The show lasted for two episodes.

Background
In 1974, Griffith starred in Winter Kill, a television movie that was intended as a series pilot.  When it failed to sell, the main character of Sheriff Sam McNeill was renamed and used as the lead character in Adams of Eagle Lake.

Cast and characters
Andy Griffith as Sheriff Sam Adams
Abby Dalton as Margaret Kelly
Nick Nolte as Officer Jerry Troy
Iggie Wolfington as Officer Jubal Hammond
Paul Winchell as Monty
Sheldon Allman as Quinn
Eldon Quick as Leonard
William Mims as Lucas Pratt
Peter Coffield as Jimmy Simpkins
Scott Marlowe as Ron Selleck
Lynne Marta as Cindy
Brenda Scott as Debbie
Irene Tedrow as Grandma Simpkins
Jack Dodson as Doc Russell

Episodes
"Home is the Coward" (January 10, 1975)
"Treasure Chest Murder" (February 26, 1975)

Locations
Although supposedly set in northern California, the TV series location showed opening scenes and other outdoor shots actually taken from the southern California mountain resort communities of Big Bear Lake and Fawnskin, which were much closer to Los Angeles area television production studios.

Later version
In 1977, Griffith appeared in two additional television movies (The Girl in the Empty Grave and Deadly Game), both attempts to make use again of the same concept.  Griffith's character was now Chief of Police Abel Marsh, but he was still a lawman in a small town near a lake.  Both movies were filmed in Big Bear Lake, California. These movies, as well as Adams of Eagle Lake and Isn't It Shocking? (1973) before it, were based on writer Lane Slate's 1972 feature film They Only Kill Their Masters

References

External links

Adams of Eagle Lake at TVShowsOnDVD.com

American Broadcasting Company original programming
1975 American television series debuts
1975 American television series endings
1970s American crime drama television series
Television series by MGM Television


Pontiac Assembly was one of four General Motors assembly plants in Pontiac, Michigan located along Baldwin Avenue. It served as the home factory for GM's Pontiac Motor Division since it was built in 1927. It was across the street from the currently operational Pontiac Metal Center, which was the original location for the Oakland Motor Car Company, which Pontiac evolved out of.

History
The location that Oakland inhabited was the original site of Cartercar when GM bought the company in 1909 by William Durant. The plant ceased production of full-size Pontiacs after the 1980 model year but continued to build mid-size Pontiacs ('81-82 Grand Prix, '81 LeMans, '82 Bonneville G) until being idled on August 6, 1982. Pontiac Assembly used VIN P and from 1965 until 1969 Buick vehicles at the nearby Pontiac Central Assembly VIN V factory.

During World War Two, civilian automobile production was changed over to wartime support, with the last passenger car assembled in 1942. The factory produced mostly field guns like the Bofors 40mm mobile field gun for the Army, the Oerlikon 20 mm cannon used on naval vessels, along with other items. At nearby Pontiac West Assembly, the GMC transit bus was built for wartime civilian use. The factory earned six Navy "E" flags and two Army-Navy pennants in recognition of its manufacturing efforts.

Another production line was opened in 1983 to build the Fiero at Fisher Body plant #17. The old production line was reopened January 14, 1985 to build the GM "G" body Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme and Buick Regal, as the Lansing and Flint plants which built them had been converted to new front-wheel-drive car lines. Chevrolet Monte Carlo production was added for 1987, and Pontiac Grand Prix production returned in October 1987. Production ended when a Buick Grand National was completed on December 11, 1987. Fiero production ended on August 16, 1988, and the plant was permanently closed.

Manufacturing operations were transferred to Orion Assembly in Orion Township, Michigan. Engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations, internal engine components were created at Bay City Powertrain and the engines were then assembled at Tonawanda Engine and Romulus Engine.

Vehicles built

Oakland
Oakland Four
Oakland Six

Pontiac

Six
2+2 (1964–1970)
Bonneville (1957–1980)
Catalina (1959–1981)
Chieftain (1950–1958)
Custom S (1969)
De-Lux (1937)
Executive (1967–1970)
Fiero (1984–1988)
Grand Am (1973–1975, 1978–1980)
Grand Prix (1962–1986)
Grand Safari (1971–1978)
Grand Ville (1971–1975)
GTO (1964–1973)
LeMans (1962–1981)
Safari (1955–1980)
Star Chief (1954–1966)
Streamliner (1941–1951)
Super Chief (1957–1958)
Tempest (1961–1970)
Torpedo (1940–1948)
Ventura (1960–1970)

Aftermath
The Pontiac Metal Center currently provides material for dozens of Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac products:
 Chevrolet: Sonic, Traverse, Express, Colorado, Silverado, Tahoe, Suburban and Corvette
 Buick: Enclave
 GMC: Acadia, Sierra, Savana, Yukon and Canyon
 Cadillac: Escalade

References

General Motors factories
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Michigan
1927 establishments in Michigan


Suzanne G. Cusick (born 1954) is a music historian and musicologist living in and working in New York City, where she is a Professor of Music at the Faculty of Arts and Science at the New York University. Her specialties are  the music of seventeenth-century Italy, feminist approaches to music history and criticism, and queer studies in music.

Cusick has been in charge of editing Women and Music. A Journal of Gender and Culture, the first journal which focusses on the relationship of gender and sexuality to musical culture.

Her book Francesca Caccini at the Medici Court: Music and the Circulation of Power () was published by the University of Chicago Press in 2009, for which she received the 2010 book prize of the Society for the Study of Early Modern Women. This book deals with the life and works of Francesca Caccini while in the employment of the Medici court.

Suzanne Cusick was made an honorary member of the American Musicological Society in November 2014.

See also
Women in musicology

References

http://music.as.nyu.edu/object/suzannecusick.html
http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo5806979.html
S. CUSICK, Francesca Caccini at the Medici Court, Music and the Circulation of Power (University of Chicago Press, 2009).

Living people
American musicologists
American women musicologists
American music historians
American women historians
Women writers about music
21st-century American women writers
1954 births
New York University faculty