Fiji established its Permanent Mission to the United Nations on 13 October 1970, three days after obtaining its independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, Fiji's participation in the United Nations has been notable primarily for its active role in UN peacekeeping operations, which began in 1978.

History

List of ambassadors
The following individuals have held office as Ambassador of Fiji to the United Nations.

Peacekeeping

Fiji soldiers served in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, which Fiji's Major General George Konrote commanded in 1998 and 1999.

The country has also contributed to other operations including Kosovo and Sinai, and, in 2004, Fiji was the first country to volunteer troops to protect United Nations officials in Iraq. The BBC has remarked on Fiji's "long and proud history of sending its forces to the world's trouble-spots". As of September 2004, 35 Fiji soldiers had been killed in the line of duty while serving on UN peacekeeping missions.

As of April 2007, Fiji had 292 soldiers, police officers and military observers serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Iraq, Liberia, Sudan and Timor-Leste. Following the military coup in Fiji in December 2006, New Zealand and Australia urged the United Nations to suspend Fiji's participation in peacekeeping operations, at first to little avail. Questioned by media, a spokesman for the office of the Secretary-General stated that "[t]he United Nations is grateful for the service provided by Fijian personnel to UN peacekeeping operations over many years and for the Fijian personnel currently serving in dangerous UN assignments, including in Iraq".

Fiji's military leader and interim Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama underlined his country's "proud track record in UN peacekeeping operations of professionalism, discipline, compassion and ability, training and ethics". In September 2008, Fiji's participation in peacekeeping operations has reportedly been suspended. In April 2009, however, United Nations peacekeeping missions were still employing 282 Fijian troops, military observers or police, a fact criticised by New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully.

Following lobbying from New Zealand and Australia, the United Nations announced that it would "continue to use Fijian police and soldiers in its current peacekeeping missions, but [would] not increase their numbers in future deployments". In March 2010, this led newly appointed Fiji Ambassador Peter Thomson to approach U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to express Fiji's readiness and wish to commit further troops to U.N. peacekeeping operations. As of June 2010, "Fiji troops are [...] the only UN blue helmets in Iraq since 2004 with a 221 strong contingent".

Climate change
Issues emphasised by Fiji at the United Nations in recent years have included the effect of climate change, notably on Small Island Developing States. Addressing the United Nations General Assembly in September 2008, Prime Minister Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama stated:
"On the issue of Climate Change, Fiji looks to, and is relying, on your leadership. This is a very critical issue for the very small island and atoll nations in the Pacific. While the rest of the World continues to endlessly debate the implications of climate change, in the very small islands and atolls in the Pacific, the problem is very much upon us; it is now a present and very real danger. It poses a serious risk to regional stability and security. I appeal to the international community, and its system of institutions, to enhance efforts to assist us address (sic) the threat of global climate change. We need investments in adaptation measures. We need to move from rhetoric to a more pragmatic and speedy response. We call upon the agencies, and our regional partners, to coordinate efforts to ensure that we in the Pacific region have the capacity, both human and institutional, to deal with this new threat, especially as it is getting stronger. The observed and potential impacts on our people and ecosystems, due to climate change, are all too real and immediate." (bolded in original)

Addressing the Assembly ten years later in September 2018, after Fiji had presided over the 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference, he stated:
"Madame President, Fiji is coming to the end of its presidency of COP23, of the United Nations' ongoing climate negotiations among the nations of the world, but the struggle to fight global warming and to end the degradation of our oceans will continue to be Fiji’s highest priority. The many disastrous effects of climate change that we are seeing in the South Pacific or around the world are well-documented. The same can be said of the enormous stresses on our oceans arising from acidification, overfishing, warming and plastic refuse. The time to debate those facts is long past.
As the Fijian Prime Minister, I meet thousands of Fijian women, men and children every year who have suffered from the latest wave of climate-related impacts; the cyclones, the flooding, the prolonged droughts, and the steadily rising seas. I meet with the farmers whose crops have been washed away, the teachers and students who have lost their schools and the families whose homes have been destroyed. They want their Prime Minister to demand that the world take action on their behalf.
The commitments we have all made through our Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs fall woefully short of the mark. They simply will not get us to the goal of the Paris Agreement of reducing the rate of global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius target —let alone the more ambitious target of 1.5 degrees. What matters now, Madame President, is action. Fiji will press for more action on climate change and ocean health in every forum that we are a part of."

Leadership
Under Frank Bainimarama's premiership, Fiji has sought to assume a more active and prominent role on international affairs, notably through the United Nations. In 2011, Fiji briefly sought election to the United Nations Security Council, which would have made it the first developing Pacific Island state to do so, but subsequently withdrew its candidacy. In 2013 Fiji presided over the Group of 77, an association of 134 developing countries working together for their common interests at the United Nations. Fiji was the first small island developing state to preside over the G77, and Foreign Affairs Minister Ratu Inoke Kubuabola explained: "[R]ecently, the G77 has taken on negotiating positions in areas of climate change and sustainable development, the two areas which PSIDS focus on in New York. These are the two areas Fiji wishes to place emphasis on to ensure that the interests of all developing countries, including those of PSIDS, are effectively addressed".

In 2016, Fijian diplomat Peter Thomson was elected President of the Seventy-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, becoming the first Pacific Islander to hold the post. He told the General Assembly: "We bring special perspectives on climate change and on oceans issues and you can expect me to be vocal on those in the 71st session". Fiji presided the 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP23), which took place in Bonn for practical reasons but under Fijian leadership. Under Fiji's impetus, it launched the "Talanoa Dialogue" to facilitate the implementation of efforts to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases.

In 2018, Fiji became the first Pacific Island country to be elected to the United Nations Human Rights Council. Fiji's Attorney-General Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum emphasised Fiji's commitment to promoting "the right to education, healthcare, equal justice, adequate food, clean water, decent housing and many other fundamental rights for human progress and dignity".

2010–11 voting record
Fiji voted in favour of
 Resolution 65/454 (2010), on a follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (adopted 104 to 22)
 Resolution 65/202 (2010), on the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination (adopted by 177 to 6)
 Resolution 65/225 (2010), on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (adopted by 106 to 20)
 Resolution 65/L.78 (2011), on a review of the Human Rights Council (adopted 154 to 4)

Fiji abstained from voting on
 Resolution 65/456/Add.3 (2010), on the situation of human rights in Myanmar (adopted by 85 to 26)
 Resolution 65/L.53 (2010), on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (adopted by 109 to 41)
 Resolution 65/226 (2010), on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran (adopted by 78 to 45)

Fiji voted against
 Resolution 65/224 (2010), on combating defamation of religions (adopted by 79 to 67)

References

External links
 Official website of the Fiji Mission to the United Nations
 Ambassador Amraiya Naidu's address to the 56th session of the United Nations General Assembly, 16 November 2001
 Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase's address to the 57th session of the United Nations General Assembly, 19 September 2002
 Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase's address to the 59th session of the United Nations General Assembly, 24 September 2004
 Ambassador Isikia Savua's address to the 60th session of the United Nations General Assembly, 22 September 2005
 Minister for Foreign Affairs and External Trade Kaliopate Tavola's address to the 61st session of the United Nations General Assembly, 26 September 2006
 Prime Minister Voreqe Bainamarama's address to the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 28 September 2007
 Prime Minister Voreqe Bainamarama's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 26 September 2008
 Prime Minister Voreqe Bainamarama's address to the 64th session of the United Nations General Assembly, 26 September 2009
 Prime Minister Voreqe Bainamarama's address to the 65th session of the United Nations General Assembly , 27 September 2010
 Prime Minister Voreqe Bainamarama's address to the 66th session of the United Nations General Assembly, 23 September 2011


Errikos Kontarinis (Greek: Ερρίκος Κονταρίνης; 1906–1971) was a Greek actor and cinematographer. He was born on the island of Tinos in 1906 and died on 11 September 1971. He was married to Marika Nezer.

Filmography

External links

1906 births
1971 deaths
People from Tinos
Greek cinematographers
20th-century Greek male actors


I Want My Money Back is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw, released on March 25, 2003. His first album for Audium/Koch Entertainment, it produced two singles on the Billboard country charts: the title track at #33 and "I've Never Been Anywhere" at #58.

Two songs on this album were recorded by two other artists each. "Beer, Bait and Ammo" was  originally recorded by Kevin Fowler on his 2000 album of the same name, and later by Mark Chesnutt on his 2005 album Savin' the Honky Tonk. "Metropolis" was later recorded by Anthony Smith on his 2003 album If That Ain't Country, and by Trace Adkins on his 2005 album Songs About Me.

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic called it "one of his most satisfying efforts."

Track listing

Personnel
As listed in liner notes.
Glen Duncan - fiddle
Paul Franklin - steel guitar
Sammy Kershaw - lead vocals
Richard Landis - electric piano, percussion
Paul Leim - drums
B. James Lowry - acoustic guitar
Brent Mason - electric guitar
Jimmy Nichols - synthesizer, background vocals
Dave Pomeroy - bass guitar
Matt Rollings - piano
John Wesley Ryles - background vocals
Russell Terrell - background vocals
Dennis Wilson - background vocals
Curtis Young - background vocals

Recorded and Mixed by Tony Green

Chart performance

References

2003 albums
Sammy Kershaw albums
E1 Music albums
Albums produced by Richard Landis


Treffor Elliott Davies (13 March 1938 – 21 December 2013) was an English cricketer who played 20 first-class matches for Worcestershire between 1955 and 1961.

Davies made his first-class debut for Worcestershire against Oxford University at The University Parks in June 1955; he scored 11 not out in his only innings and took one wicket in each innings (those of John Baker and Stanley Metcalfe).
He also played against Cambridge University and Somerset that season and did not appear in first-class cricket again for five years.

Davies returned to the Worcestershire side in 1960. He did not bowl at all that year, although he did score the first of his three half-centuries: 51* against Middlesex near the end of the season.
He played much more (11 matches) in 1961, and hit two fifties, the higher of these being the 76 he scored against Glamorgan in late June.
That was in fact his penultimate appearance in first-class cricket: his only other game was against Northamptonshire a week later.

Davies died on 21 December 2013, at the age of 75 from lung cancer. He was married to Marina for fifty years and they had two children.

References

External links

1938 births
2013 deaths
English cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Sportspeople from Stourbridge
Cricketers from Worcestershire


Franz Martinelli (or Italian: Francesco Martinelli; 1651 – 28 October 1708) was an Austrian architect.

In 1684 he was in charge of the restoration work of the Servitenkirche in Vienna. In 1687 he also participated in the construction of the Heiligenkreuz Abbey. From 1703 until his death, Martinelli participated in the construction of the Peterskirche in Vienna.

His most important work is the Palais Esterházy on Wallnerstraße in Vienna, which he first renovated in 1685 and thereafter completely rebuilt, finishing the work in 1695. He also designed the Franciscan in Frauenkirchen, Hungary. Both the ground-plan and the main façade of his building on seventeenth-century Jesuit churches.

He is the father of architects Anton Erhard Martinelli and Johann Baptist Martinelli.

Franz Martinelli died in Vienna on 28 October 1708.

References
 Richard Perger: Das Palais Esterházy in der Wallnerstraße zu Wien, Franz Deuticke, Wien 1994,
 Palais Esterházy
 The Franciscan church of Boldogasszony (Frauenkirchen, Austria) –
 Martinelli, Francesco
 History 1450–1789: Art in Central Europe

Austrian Baroque architects
Italian Baroque architects
Italian emigrants to Austria
1651 births
1708 deaths


Happy Go Lucky may refer to:

Film and television
 Happy Go Lucky (1936 film), an American film
 Happy Go Lucky (1943 film), an American musical film starring Betty Hutton
 Happy Go Lucky (1946 film), a French film
 Happy Go Lucky (1972 film), a Soviet film
 Happy Go Lucky (1987 film), a Hong Kong film
 Happy Go Lucky (2003 film), a Hong Kong film of 2003
 Happy-Go-Lucky (2008 film), a British film
 Happy Go Lucky (2014 film), an Indian Punjabi film
 Happy Go Lucky (TV series), a 1961 Australian television series
 Happy Go Lucky, a 1960s British show for children featuring Jack Haig
 "Happy Go Lucky" (Veronica Mars), a television episode

Other uses
 Happy-Go-Lucky (book), 2022 essay collection by David Sedaris
 Happy-Go-Lucky, Victoria, Australia, now Pearson, Victoria
 Happy Go Lucky, an album by Frankie Vaughan, or the title song, 1957
 "Happy Go Lucky", a song composed by Mel B. Kaufman

See also
 Happy Go Licky, an American post-hardcore band
 Happy Go Lovely, a British musical film


Cook's Country is an American half-hour television cooking show on the PBS public broadcasting channel. The show is based on Cook's Country magazine (published by the same company as Cook's Illustrated).

Cast
The structure of Cook's Country is similar to sister show America's Test Kitchen, with many of the same cast. Bridget Lancaster and Julia Collin Davison host the show. Jack Bishop is in charge of the Tasting Lab, while Adam Ried features new products in the Equipment Corner.

Julia Collin Davison did not appear during season 2. She returned in season 3.

Christopher Kimball hosted the show for the first nine seasons. During season 1, Kimball's neighbor Axel Blomberg occasionally appeared on-screen with a dish of the featured recipe, exhibiting how the recipe could be badly executed.

On November 16, 2015, a news release from Boston Commons Press, parent company of Cooks Country, Cooks Illustrated, and America's Test Kitchen, announced the departure of Christopher Kimball over a contract dispute. Season 9's TV programs had already been filmed with Kimball as the host, but he would not appear on any future episodes.

Due to the departure of Christopher Kimball, Bridget Lancaster and Julia Collin Davison began hosting Cook's Country in season 10. Also in season 10, America's Test Kitchen staff members Ashley Moore, Christie Morrison, and Bryan Roof were added to the cast, while Erin McMurrer, having moved to the America's Test Kitchen cast, is no longer seen on air on Cook's Country (but remains credited as a behind-the-scenes crew member).

Season 11 added Lan Lam to the Cast. New staff members Lawman Johnson and Natalie Estrada were added in season 12, while Lan Lam is no longer seen on Cook's Country. Season 13 added Morgan Bolling to the Cast, replacing Natalie Estrada. Ashley Moore was to not appear in season 13, but was to return for season 14.

Toni Tipton-Martin joined as Editor-in-Chief in season 14, giving a history lesson on each episode's primary recipe or ingredient.  She began introducing the show in season 15.

Episodes

In contrast to its predecessor, Cook's Country focuses on regional recipes across the United States. The hosts begins each segment with a historical perspective on each recipe prior to the demonstration.

Seasons 1–10 were recorded on location at a farmhouse in Rupert, Vermont. Beginning in season 11, taping and production were moved to a purpose-built farmhouse studio set at America's Test Kitchen headquarters in Boston, Massachusetts. The Tasting Lab segments are filmed before a live studio audience.

The theme music for seasons 1–11, "Right Between Your Eyes", is performed by the San Francisco bluegrass band Hot Buttered Rum. As of season 12, the theme music is instrumental.

Awards

References

External links
Official Website

PBS original programming
2000s American cooking television series
2010s American cooking television series
2008 American television series debuts


Leucopogon parviflorus, commonly known as coast beard-heath or native currant,  is a shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae. It is native to all Australian states and territories excluding the Northern Territory and the ACT and also grows in New Zealand. The species can grow to between 1 and 5 metres in height and has leaves that are 11 to 29 mm long and 2.4 to 7.5 mm in width, often with curved tips. The white flowers are around 15 mm long and are produced in spikes of 7 to 13. These occur throughout the year.

Leucopogon parviflorus can grow in many differing conditions, from sandy dunes to rocky cliff faces, in sheltered or exposed weather conditions. However, it does grow most efficiently in sandier areas, with sufficient shelter from the elements. It is a significant food source to many Australian coastal birds and insects and relies on these animals for pollination and seed dispersion. It is also commercially cultivated by landscapers and florists to be used in coastal gardens and floral arrangements.

Taxonomy
The species was first formally described in 1803 by Henry Cranke Andrews in his work The Botanists Repository for New, and Rare plants 4 under the basionym Styphelia parviflora as it was at first believed to belong to the Styphelia genus. It was then later reclassified in 1832 by John Lindley, under a new genus, and the accepted name of Leucopogon parviflorus in his book The Botanical Register: 18.

Common names of Leucopogon parviflorus include "coastal bearded heath" and "coast beard-heath" among other variations.

Etymology
The name of the genus Leucopogon is derived from Greek language. Leuco means white and pogon means beard in Greek, referring to the white "beard" of flowers that a mature shrub has. The species name parviflorus is derived from Latin meaning "small flower" with parvus meaning small and florus meaning flower.

Description
The size and appearance of the Leucopogon parviflorus ranges depending on the size and age of the plant. Its size can range from a medium sized shrub to a small tree, anywhere between 1 and 5 meters tall as a result of the age of the shrub and its exposure to the harsh weather conditions that occur on Australia's and New Zealand's coast lines.

Smaller, finer branches found on the shrub are “soft and hairy”. These small hairs allow the plant to be more drought tolerant as they prevent water loss. The appearance of the bark and trunk of the plant changes with age, with the trunk becoming much thicker and the bark developing into a deep dark brown with fine grooves and cracks throughout the body of the trunk as the shrub ages.

The leaves of Leucopogon parviflorus are stiff and smooth with leaves usually reaching lengths of 10-35mm. They are flat or slightly curved and oblanceolate (longer than it is wider, with the widest part being near the tip) to elliptic (oval, broadest at the middle) in shape. The leaves have smooth edges with faint veins that are more obviously visible when the leaf is dried. Leaf colour ranges from a pale yellow-green to a dark green on top with the bottom of the leaf always paler than the top. Younger plant growth is often a bright green.

It produces small, star-shaped white flowers that are furry on the inside. They produce a powerful, but sweet fragrance. These flowers occur in thick "spikes", which are unbranched flower-heads with flowers attached to the stem. at the end of the shrubs branches, or on the nodules between the stem and leaves that are usually 1-3cm long. The flowers at first opening, anthesis, may appear pale white or pale pink, and with age will develop into the shrubs’ signature bright white bloom. Bloom size ranges between 6 and 13mm in length.

Leucopogon parviflorus is a fruit bearing shrub. It produces berries during the Southern Hemisphere’s summer months of November through January. The fruits are spherical drupes, most commonly 3mm in diameter. When immature they are solid in texture and green in colour. As the fruit ripens over the summer, they mature into a fleshy, bright white berry. The "pip" of the fruit, which contains seeds, is orangey brown with a ridged surface.

Distribution and habitat
Leucopogon parviflorus is native to Australia and grows widely across the entire coasts of the states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania. It also grows in the southern most parts of Queensland and Western Australia. The shrub also grows on the coastal areas of the Chatham Islands in New Zealand. It is wide growing in Australia.

The shrub thrives in sandy dunes and flats, rocky cliff faces and headlands, and among coastal scrub and does best in soils that are a neutral pH. Since the 1970s studies have shown the shrub growing less in cliff and plateau environments, with an increase of growth in coastal habitats.

The ideal altitude for Leucopogon parviflorus is within 50 meters of sea level. The ideal rainfall for the shrub is 1200-1400mm per annum. It thrives best in dune scrub or low-open forests behind beaches, surrounded by other shrubs such as Acacia Sophorae.

The shrub can grow in varying levels of exposure. It can grow in full sun exposure as well as in mid-shaded areas and is tolerant to strong coastal winds.

Ecology
Leucopogon parviflorus is a perennial shrub that has multiple prolonged flowering sessions during the winter, spiring, and autumn months followed by a fruit bearing period in the summer.

It is a slow germinating plant, on average taking 6-18 months from dispersal to begin germination. It is also a slow growing plant, taking at least 10 years to reach a notable size. The life span of L. parviflorus ranges from 20 to 100 years depending on growing conditions and environmental factors such as fire and drought.

L. parviflorus relies on biotic pollination – pollination mediated by other animals. The main pollination vectors for the species are flying insects, notably honey bees and hover-flies. The corolla tube has a wide opening that allows pollinators open access to the stigma and stamen of the flower for efficient pollination. The fuzzy hairs on the flower petals also serve to aid in pollination as they are better able to catch pollen granules dispersed by the wind or pollinators.

Many parts of L. parviflorus are utilised by birds for either food or other uses. Smaller branches of the plant have been seen to be picked up by birds for nest construction. Rarely, birds are seen to feed off of parts of the plant other than the fruit. The only bird noted to feed off of the leaves, Australian native the crimson rosella, does so in the winter. Lewin's honeyeater is also noted to feed off of the nectar of L. parviflorus during the winter months. These occurrences are thought to happen due to either the lack of invertebrate food resources available to birds during the cooler months and/or lower invertebrate activity allowing nectar to collect in flowers where it otherwise would not when there is increased insect activity during warmer months. The bright white, sweet tasting berries of the L. parviflorus have been noted to supplement the diets of many coastal Australian birds, such as the yellow-faced honeyeater, the satin bowerbird, and the silver gull. These birds are vital aid in the continuation and dispersion of the species as they spread the seeds that are contained inside the berries by excreting them in their droppings along the coast.

Whilst it is known that the shrub is native to Australia, it is debated whether L. parviflorus is native or naturalised to New Zealand. Whilst the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network state that the shrub is native, Agriculture Victoria on the other-hand state that it has been naturalised to New Zealand.

Threats
In New Zealand's Chatham Islands Leucopogon parviflorus is considered naturally uncommon. The more aggressive species of grass Ammophila arenari threatens the shrub in some areas of the island where the soil is particularly sandy.

In Australia, an invasive species from South Africa, Chrysanthemoides monilifera, threatens the shrub. Chrysanthemoides monilifera competes aggressively with surrounding native species such as L. parviflorus and in some parts on NSW has completely eliminated them.

The shrub tolerates drought very well, however it does not tolerate fire or other environmental impacts the same way. While the species is a "fire re-sprouter" (a species that will re-grow after fire) it has been found that after the shrub is destroyed in a fire, the density in which L. parviflorus regrows is limited. It has been found that the species displays slower growth and development than other, similar species and no flowering is observed in the first seven years of restoration.

It has been noted that there was a scarcity of berries in Victoria throughout the fruiting months in 2019.

Conservation status
The species is listed as of "Least Concern" in Australia under the Nature Conservation Act 1992.  In New Zealand, Leucopogon parviflorus is classed as "At Risk - Naturally uncommon" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS).

Uses
Leucopogon parviflorus’ fruit is safe for humans to eat as a sweet food source once fully ripened. Indigenous Australian communities such as the Djab Wurrung people have been harvesting the shrub's berries for hundreds of years and have extensive knowledge surrounding the shrub and other native Australian flora. The fruit is mainly eaten as a snack as the majority of the fruit is the pip of the berry, with limited flesh.

Because of L. parviflorus''' slow growing nature it is often used for bonsai. Leaving the shrub exposed to the elements is an effective way to stunt the growth of the plant.

 Cultivation
It is common to see Leucopogon parviflorus used by Australian landscapers when putting together gardens along the coastline as a result of the plant’s attractive year-round flowering and its ability to thrive in what many other native plants find to be difficult soil conditions.

Propagation methods, and the ease of propagation of L. parviflorus has been disputed between sources. The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network states that L. parviflorus is easy to grow from a fresh seed collected from one of the tree’s berries, and that it is also possible to propagate from wood cuttings, though this method is slower, and makes it much harder to successfully propagate.

Another source disputes this, stating that cuttings from a new growth is a quicker, and easier way to propagate L. parviflorus'' as it a difficult and slow process to propagate from fresh seeds which is often not successful. Cambridge Coast Care also states that propagation from seed is difficult, however is possible should the seed be exposed to natural rainfall. The organisation reports some propagators from the Australian east coast having success with propagation by planting “smoke-treated seeds that have been collected from bird droppings”.

The not-for-profit conservation organisation, Friends of the Bluff refutes the ability to propagate from a fresh seed completely, instead stating that for a seed to germinate, it must first pass through a bird’s stomach.

References

External links

parviflorus
Ericales of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Flora of South Australia
Flora of Tasmania
Flora of Victoria (state)
Eudicots of Western Australia
Flora of the Chatham Islands
Taxa named by Henry Cranke Andrews


Eugene Franklin "Lefty" Hayden (April 14, 1935 – June 13, 2003) was an American professional baseball player who had a brief career in Major League Baseball as a relief pitcher for the Cincinnati Redlegs in 1958. The native of San Francisco, listed at  and , threw and batted left-handed.

Biography
Hayden, a successful pitcher for Rio Vista High School in California, signed a professional contract in mid-1954 with the Seattle Rainiers of the Pacific Coast League. That season, he played for the Tucson Cowboys in the Arizona–Texas League, then in 1955 played primarily for the Wenatchee Chiefs of the Northwest League. When the Rainiers became an affiliate of the Redlegs in 1956, he joined the Cincinnati organization, playing primarily for the Savannah Redlegs of the South Atlantic League during that season, before spending all of the 1957 season with the Rainiers.

Hayden was called up from the minor leagues in the middle of the 1958 campaign, and pitched in three games for Cincinnati. He was effective in his first two outings, hurling a total of  scoreless innings on June 26 and June 30 against the San Francisco Giants and Milwaukee Braves, respectively. But in his third appearance, against the Philadelphia Phillies on July 6, he gave up four hits, a walk and two earned runs in only one inning pitched. The next day, he was returned to the minor leagues when Cincinnati called up outfielder Danny Morejón. Hayden did not return to the major leagues. He played for the minor league Havana Sugar Kings and Nashville Vols during the 1958 season, his last in professional baseball.

During his baseball career, Hayden pitched in a total of 165 minor league games, compiling a win–loss record of 53–46. While sometimes referred to as "Lefty", a common nickname for left-handed pitchers, Hayden was primarily called "Gene". In 1960, he was hired as a police officer in Rio Vista; he was still with the department in 1969 as a sergeant. As of November 1992, Hayden was working at a substance abuse treatment center in Herald, California, and noted that he was a recovering alcoholic and had spent 1980 homeless in Los Angeles. Hayden died in Lodi, California, at age 68 in 2003.

References

External links

1935 births
2003 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Cincinnati Redlegs players
Havana Sugar Kings players
Nashville Vols players
Savannah Redlegs players
Seattle Rainiers players
Tucson Cowboys players
Wenatchee Chiefs players
Baseball players from San Francisco
American police officers
American expatriate baseball players in Cuba


Captain America in: The Doom Tube of Dr. Megalomann, also known as Captain America Defies The Doom Tube, is a video game  based on a comic book series of the same name. It was published in 1987 by U.S. Gold on their Go! label for computers including the Amstrad CPC and the Commodore 64 and was published a year later on the ZX Spectrum. Reviews were mixed, with the graphics and audio generally seen as poor. It is the first video game to feature Captain America.

Gameplay
Players take on the role of Marvel superhero Captain America and must guide him around the Doom Tube base of Dr Megalomann. The base is a long tube inside another tube, splitting areas up into chambers around a central core. The virus has been released into the base, and players can only access areas below their immunity level. By defeating enemies they can collect ying-yang which boosts their immunity. Captain America can throw his shield to take out enemies, but the number of shields he holds are limited, although he can re-use those which kill enemies or if he recalls a shield before it is lost. As the player moves Captain America around areas, they need to recover parts of a password which will allow them access into the final area to disable the missiles. The game is played in real time, giving the player only one hour in which to complete the game.

Plot
Dr. Megalomann is aiming to launch rockets containing a deadly virus. The CIA discover his secret base below the Mojave Desert, called the Doom Tube. Captain America is sent in to stop the rockets from being launched and to save the world.

Development and release
Captain America in: The Doom Tube of Dr. Megalomann was the first appearance by Captain America in a computer game. The B-side of the gaming cassette contained a mono single called Who's Crying Now by the band Resister.

Reception

Captain America received mixed reviews. Crash criticized the lack of definition of the characters and poor audio, calling the game "a disappointing licence, wasting great potential". Your Spectrum mostly agreed with the points of Crash, but said, "the graphics aren't going to win any awards, but they're a nice size and very clear". Sinclair User described the game as addictive and praised the challenging level of gameplay. A review by Commodore 64 magazine Zzap!64 felt that the instructions lead to confusion, and that the difficult and repetitive gameplay meant that the game didn't have any lasting appeal.

References

External links

1987 video games
Adventure Soft games
Amstrad CPC games
Atari ST games
Beat 'em ups
Commodore 64 games
Single-player video games
Superhero video games
Video games based on Captain America
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in the United States
ZX Spectrum games


The women's 100 metre backstroke was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which was established in 1924. The competition was held on Tuesday August 9, 1932, and on Thursday August 11, 1932.

Twelve swimmers from seven nations competed.

Medalists

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In the first semi-final Eleanor Holm set a new Olympic record with 1:18.3 minutes.

Results

Semifinals

Tuesday August 9, 1932: The fastest two in each semi-final and the fastest third-placed from across the semi-finals advanced to the final.

Semifinal 1

Semifinal 2

Semifinal 3

Final

Thursday August 11, 1932: Marie Braun was not able to compete in the final. She had to stay in hospital due to blood poisoning after an infection caused by a mosquito bite.

References

External links
Olympic Report

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics
1932 in women's swimming
Swim


Cruzeiro do Sul is the name of the Southern Cross (Crux) constellation in Portuguese.

It may refer to any of the following:

Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, a town in the state of Acre, Brazil
Cruzeiro do Sul, Paraná, a town in the state of Paraná, Brazil
Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, a town in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul, a defunct Brazilian airline, founded in 1927
Order of the Southern Cross (), Brazil's highest order of merit
Cruzeiro do Sul is an old Samba school in Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul
Cruzeiro do Sul (film), a 1966 film by Fernando Lopes
Cruzeiro do Sul, a 1922 picture by Jorge Colaço, representing a Portuguese ship navigating by the stars in the Southern Cross, exhibited in Pavilhão Carlos Lopes in Lisbon (Lisboa, Portugal.)


Honky Tonk Boots is an album released in 2006 by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. His only release for the Category 5 Records album, it was also his first studio release since 2003's I Want My Money Back. The album's lead-off single, "Tennessee Girl", peaked at number 43 on the Billboard country charts in 2006. Honky Tonk Boots also reunited him with producers Buddy Cannon and Norro Wilson, who co-produced his first four albums.

Three cover songs are included on this album. "Baby's Got Her Blue Jeans On", the second and final single, is a cover of Mel McDaniel's number one hit from his 1984 album Let It Roll. Kershaw's rendition failed to chart. "Evangeline" was previously a number 51-peaking single for Chad Brock in 1998 from his self-titled debut, which Cannon and Wilson also produced. "The Battle" was previously recorded by George Jones for his 1976 album of the same title. The single peaked at number 14.

Jeffrey B. Remz of Country Standard Time gave the album a positive review, comparing Kershaw's vocals favorably to George Jones and saying that "The Louisiana native has done his part in coming through with a meaty performance."

Track listing
"Tennessee Girl" (Bob DiPiero, Craig Wiseman) – 3:36
"Honky Tonk Boots" (Scott Blackwell, Billy Don Burns) – 2:47
"One Step at a Time" (Tim Mensy) – 3:41
"Evangeline" (Bob McDill, Carson Chamberlain) – 3:35
"Leavin' Made Easy" (Duane Steele, Jon Robbin) – 3:27
"Baby's Got Her Blue Jeans On" (McDill) – 3:10
"High Society" (McDill, Dickey Lee) – 3:13
"The Battle" (Norro Wilson, George Richey, Linda Kimball) – 2:50
"Mama's Got a Tattoo" (Ronnie Samoset, Alan Dysert) – 3:04
"Cantaloupes on Mars" (Danny Mayo) – 3:04

Personnel
Harold Bradley - baritone guitar
David Briggs - keyboards
Buddy Cannon - background vocals
Melonie Cannon - background vocals
Mark Casstevens - acoustic guitar
Mike Chapman - bass guitar
J. T. Corenflos - electric guitar
Stuart Duncan - fiddle
Larry Franklin - fiddle
Sonny Garrish - steel guitar
Rob Hajacos - fiddle
John Hobbs - keyboards
Sammy Kershaw - lead vocals
Mike Lawler - keyboards
Paul Leim - drums
Gordon Mote - Hammond B-3 organ, piano
Danny Parks - acoustic guitar
Larry Paxton - bass guitar
Brent Rowan - electric guitar
Hal Rugg - steel guitar
John Wesley Ryles - background vocals
Wayne Toups - accordion
John Willis - acoustic guitar
Dennis Wilson - background vocals
Curtis Young - background vocals
Reggie Young - electric guitar

Chart performance

References

External links
[ Honky Tonk Boots] at AllMusic

2006 albums
Sammy Kershaw albums
Albums produced by Buddy Cannon
Albums produced by Norro Wilson
Category 5 Records albums


The Mid America Off Road Association (MAORA) is an American off road racing sanctioning. It has sanctioned off road racing events since 1972. Web site www.maoraracing.us

History
MAORA is a non-profit race sanctioning organization. MAORA was created in 1972 to organize off-road enthusiasts and generally promote the sport of off-road racing. MAORA offers two Driver's points series and sets the rules and regulations to be followed by racers, track owners and promoters. Club officers are elected annually by the membership.

Current Classes
MAORA has 2 divisions of classes.  One is the "Pro" classes, with the other being "Trophy Classes."  The pro classes usually feature the more experienced racers, with more technologically advanced vehicles, whereas the trophy classes feature a "run-what-you-brung" format, meaning almost no rules.  The more novice racers generally race in the Trophy classes.  The pro classes race for money, while top finishers in the trophy classes receive trophies. Although class descriptions do not say this, all vehicles MUST have approved fuel cells, roll cages, racing seats, and safety belts.  All drivers must wear approved safety gear which includes fireproof suits and Snell approved helmets.
Class 7E
With the E standing for Economy, Class 7E is a fairly inexpensive route into off road racing.  Very few modifications are allowed, and the trucks still must remain very close to stock.  Engine modifications are all but banned, and suspension parts must remain stock, and in stock location.  Class 7E is a pro class.
Class 7S
For many, many years, MAORA's Class 7S was  reserved for the 6-cylinder mini-trucks.  In the early 2000s, MAORA's rules were changed to allow ANY 2-wheel drive pick-up truck to be raced in Class 7s, with no restrictions. is a pro class.
Class 7X
This is MAORA's Trophy Class for mini trucks.  As per MAORA rules, Class 7X trucks must remain almost bone stock, with exceptions for safety items, such as the addition of racing seats, roll cages, fuel cells, and battery placement.  All suspension pieces must remain stock, as well as all driveline components.  They must also retain stock frames, and stock bodies, as well as retaining opening doors.
Class 10
One of MAORA's newest classes, Class 10 is an almost unlimited buggy class.  All that is required is that the engine have no more than 4 cylinders.
Class 1-2 1600

Proposed and former Classes
Side by Side
There is a movement in MAORA to start a class of race vehicles designed around popular Side by Side (UTV) vehicles, such as those offered by Yamaha, Polaris, Arctic Cat, and Kawasaki.  The class is very popular in other off-road racing series throughout the US.

Types of Races
Short Course
Short-course racing generally takes place on relatively short (usually under 1 mile) long.  The races are a specified number of laps, usually 10.  Each class will race 3 "heats."  The best average finish in all 3 heats is declared the winner of the event.

Enduro
Enduro races are the Midwest's answer to desert off road racing.  These events take place on long tracks, usually between , and  long.  These races are run very much like desert races, in that all of the cars are on the track at the same time, but start at different intervals.  These races are raced for a period of time, as opposed to being a specified number of laps.  A normal Enduro race is 3 hours.

MAORA Logos

See also
Off road racing
Sandrail
Dune buggy
Baja Bug

External links
MAORA Website

References

Auto racing organizations in the United States
Off-road racing
Off-road racing series


Dancin' to the Hits is a nationally syndicated TV show in the United States hosted by Lorenzo Lamas during the 1986–1987 season. Professional dancers performed to a medley of Top 40 hits, and live acts performed. Some of the acts that performed were Howard Hewett, The S.O.S. Band, Samantha Fox, and Stacy Lattisaw. Dancin’ to the Hits is the Solid Gold knockoff.

The Sweet Dreams as Dancers
Aurorah Allain
Jeff Amsden
Priscilla Harris
William Holden, Jr.
Barry Lather
Eartha Robinson
Andrea Paige Wilson (who appeared as a dancer on seasons 1–3 of Kids Incorporated (1984–1987) and cameo appeared in Kidsongs episodes "The Wonderful World of Sports" (that got renamed "Let's Play Ball" in 1990)-"A Day at the Circus" (1987))
Cheryl Yamaguchi

References

External links

Dance television shows
Dance competition television shows
1986 American television series debuts
1987 American television series endings


Juan Manuel Martínez (born October 25, 1985), nicknamed Burrito (in English, "Little Donkey"), is an Argentine football forward who plays for Almirante Brown. He also holds a Portuguese passport. Martínez is best known for his agility, pace on the ball and brilliant dribbling skills.

Club career
Martínez made his professional debut for Vélez Sársfield on October 1, 2003, in a 2–1 win over Talleres de Córdoba, for the Clausura tournament. Later, he was part of the 2005 Clausura winning squad, playing 13 games and scoring 1 goal. The goal he scored was Vélez's first in that championship, in the fourth match day victory over Lanús (2–1).

After his first period at Vélez, Martínez was loaned to Argentinos Juniors. With his new team, he played 10 games during the 2005 Apertura, suffering a knee injury in the 11th fixture that left him out for almost the entire rest of the season. He returned for the last game of the 2006 Clausura, coming on as a substitute on a 1–0 victory over Colón.

In 2007, after a half-a-year period back at Vélez, Martínez was loaned to Colombian club Cúcuta Deportivo. With the team, he was part of the Copa Libertadores semifinalist campaign. Subsequently, he spent the 2007–08 season on loan at Al-Shabab Riyadh in Saudi Arabia.

Martínez returned to Vélez Sársfield for the 2008–09 Argentine Primera División season. Upon his return, he won the Argentine league for the second time, by being part of the 2009 Clausura squad. The forward played 9 games and scored 1 goal during the tournament (against Colón in a 4–2 away win, helping the team come back from a 0–2). He ended the tournament as a starter after replacing injured Jonathan Cristaldo for the last two games, against Lanús and Huracán, which defined the championship.

The 2010 Apertura was Martínez' best season with Vélez. Up until that tournament, he had scored 6 goals in 91 league games for the club, and had never been a regular starter. However, in that Apertura he started in all 19 games, scoring 10 goals. He also achieved his first hat-trick in Argentina, in Vélez' 6–0 victory over Colón in the 10th fixture. Moreover, his last goal of the championship, in the 2–0 away victory over Racing, was defined by various sources as "Maradona styled". Martínez dribbled with the ball from behind the half-way line, passing 6 rival players in the process, to finally beat the opposing goalkeeper. His team finished the tournament as runner-up to Estudiantes de La Plata.

Due to his performances throughout 2010, Martínez was selected by the Argentine Sports Journalists Circle as the best player of the Argentine league for that year, therefore sharing the Footballer of the Year of Argentina award with Lionel Messi (best Argentine playing abroad). In January 2011, the striker renewed his contract with Vélez until June 2013.

In 2012, after Corinthians won the 2012 Copa Libertadores they hired Juan Manuel Martínez,  however he did not feature regularly for team. He entered for a few minutes in the match against Chelsea F.C. in the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup.

Martínez joined Boca Juniors in January 2013. The beginning of the 2015 season saw Martínez injured for much of the time and fallen down the squad depth chart due to the loan signing of Dani Osvaldo and subsequent arrival of Carlos Tevez. By early July Martínez wanted to contribute to the squad but found it increasingly difficult to do so. With Tevez's return to Boca being the final straw, he approached the Boca front office and asked for his contract to be rescinded. Martínez trained with Vélez Sarsfield as he worked to sign with a new club during the summer of 2015.

On 13 August 2015, Martínez joined Real Salt Lake as a Designated Player.

Martínez and Salt Lake agreed to mutually terminate his contract at the club on 7 December 2016.

On 18 January 2019, Martínez joined Club Almagro. After three years at Almagro, Martínez moved to fellow league club Almirante Brown in February 2022.

International career
In November 2010, Martínez was called to take part in the Argentina national team that will solely consist of Argentine League players. They will train twice a week and have friendly matches leading up to the 2011 Copa América.

The striker received his first call-up by coach Sergio Batista on January 25, 2011, for a friendly match against Portugal. He was brought down in the penalty area during injury time to win a penalty for his side from which Messi scored the winner.

International appearances and goals

Career statistics

Honours

Club
Vélez Sársfield
Argentine Primera División (3): 2005 Clausura, 2009 Clausura, 2011 Clausura
Corinthians
FIFA Club World Cup: 2012

Individual
Footballer of the Year of Argentina (1): 2010

References

External links
 Profile at Vélez Sársfield official website

1985 births
Living people
People from Viedma
Footballers from Río Negro Province
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football forwards
Argentine Primera División players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Major League Soccer players
Saudi Pro League players
Categoría Primera A players
Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield footballers
Argentinos Juniors footballers
Argentine people of Portuguese descent
Cúcuta Deportivo footballers
Al Shabab FC (Riyadh) players
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
Boca Juniors footballers
Real Salt Lake players
Club Agropecuario Argentino players
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Club Almagro players
Club Almirante Brown footballers
Designated Players (MLS)
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil


Chabanel station is a commuter rail station operated by Exo in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It serves the Saint-Jérôme line. Its name comes from Chabanel street, the street that the station is located on. It is relatively close to the Ahuntsic station, though they are not considered as a transfer site.

Connecting bus routes

Société de transport de Montréal (STM)

References

External links

  Chabanel Commuter Train Station Information (RTM)
  Chabanel Commuter Train Station Schedule (RTM)
 2016 STM System Map

Exo commuter rail stations
Railway stations in Montreal
Ahuntsic-Cartierville
Railway stations in Canada opened in 2007


Neochori (Greek: Νεοχώρι meaning new village) is a village and a community in the municipality of Orestiada in the northern part of the Evros regional unit in Greece. The community includes the village Patagi. It is situated 7 km (4.3 mi) west of the centre of Orestiada.

Population

History
Neochori was ruled by the Ottomans before being annexed to Greece in 1920. It adopted its current name after the annexation. Refugees flowed into the village and the Turkish population was displaced eastward.

See also
List of settlements in the Evros regional unit

References

External links
Neochori on GTP Travel Pages

Populated places in Evros (regional unit)
Orestiada


Niranjan Krishna Nayak (born on 1944) is an Indian aerospace engineer and Professor Emeritus at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. He is known for his research work on thermomechanical behavior of textile composites and ballistic impact, low velocity impact, fatigue and fracture of composites. His special interest is also on science and technology of aircraft production.  Major awards and recognitions conferred to him are: Fellowship of the National Academy of Sciences, India (2004); Fellowship of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (2005); Professor H. H. Mathur Award for "Excellence in Research in Applied Sciences 2006" by IIT Bombay; "Excellence in Aerospace Education Award 2008" by the Aeronautical Society of India; Aerospace Engineering Division Gold Medal of the Institution of Engineers (India) for the year 1992-93 for his research on polymer matrix composites and "Shri Hotchand M. Lala and Shrimati Jamuna H. Lala Excellence in Teaching Award, 2013" by IIT Bombay.

Biography
Nayak was born in Agragone, Ankola Uttara Kannada, into a Nadavaru family. With 42 years of experience as a faculty in Aerospace Engineering Department, he has made major contributions to teaching, research and development at IIT Bombay. Currently, he is Professor Emeritus. He is B. E. in Mechanical Engineering from Engineering College, Gulbarga and M.Tech. and Ph.D. from IIT Bombay.
The discipline "Polymer Matrix Composites" was evolving and attracting the attention of engineers and scientists about 4 decades ago. That was the time when Naik actively involved in composites research at IIT Bombay. His main fields of research are: 2D / 3D textile composites; ballistic impact / low velocity impact and fatigue and fracture of composites; high strain rate behavior of materials and hybrid composites.

For multi-directional and out-of-plane loading cases, textile composites are widely used as high performance structural materials. Considering the importance of this subject, many investigations are being carried out to understand the behavior of textile composites under different loading conditions during the last four decades. Naik is one of the researchers on this subject and contributed significantly to the textile composites research.

He has presented analytical methods to the scientific community for elastic and thermal analysis of different 2D / 3D textile composites. He has also presented analytical methods for the failure analysis under different loading conditions. His other major contributions are the development of new and efficient methods for the analysis of composite structures under low velocity impact, ballistic impact and fatigue loading.

His research papers have been published in many archival journals. He has written a book on "Woven Fabric Composites" published by Technomic, USA.  He has also contributed chapters to the books published by Blackie Academic and Professional, London; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, U.K.

Naik's research publications are well cited in literature. It is evident from Web of Science and Scopus. He has completed several sponsored and industrial projects of national importance. He has interacted with several national and international organizations. In recognition of his contributions, many research and education awards have been conferred upon him.

Naik was on the editorial board of The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, published by Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, London for six years. Indian patent with invention title "Strength Enhancing Insert Assemblies" is granted to him. Application number is 496/MUM/2004. Patent number is 211354. United States Patent with invention title "Strength Enhancing Insert Assemblies" is also granted to him. Patent number is US 8,640,428 B2. Inventors: N. K. Naik and  Nageswara Rao Ganji.

Aircraft Production and High Velocity Impact laboratories at Aerospace Engineering Department are outcome of efforts of Naik.

Naik was Head of Aerospace Engineering Department during January 2002 – December 2004. He has provided services to Advisory Boards of many International Conferences. He has also provided services towards referring many journal publications. He is a fellow / member of many professional societies. Naik was on the Board of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) as an Independent Director during November 2009 – November 2012.

Naik was one of the key persons in National Center for Aerospace Innovation and Research (NCAIR) and participated in setting up objectives and goals of NCAIR.

Naik was born in Agragon (Agragone), Ankola Taluka, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka State in 1944. His early education was at Primary School, Agragone; Anandashram High School, Bankikodla and Dr. A. V. Baliga College, Kumta.

Awards, fellowships and honors

	Aerospace Engineering Division Gold Medal of the Institution of Engineers (India) for 1992-93
	Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India 2004
	Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering 2005
	Professor H. H. Mathur award for Excellence in Research in Applied Sciences 2006 (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)
	Excellence in Aerospace Education Award 2008 (The Aeronautical Society of India)
	Shri Hotchand M. Lala and Shrimati Jamuna H. Lala Excellence in Teaching Award, 2013 (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

Professional Society Affiliations: Fellow of the Aeronautical Society of India (F-596); Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (India), Aerospace Engineering Division (F/100972/5); Life Member of the Indian Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (L/241); Life Member of the Indian Society of Mechanical Engineers (L 150/468)

On the Editorial Board: The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, Published by Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, London, 2009 – 2014; Guest Editor for a special issue on High Velocity Impact Behavior of Composites, Volume 47, Issue 7, October 2012

India – Japan Bi-national Seminars: India-Japan Bi-national Seminars on Manufacturing Science of Advanced Composite Materials; The seminar was sponsored by Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences (JSPS) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), India; Indian Team Leader and Seminar Organizer: 2001 – 2005; Indian Team Delegate: 1998 – 2000

ResearchGate: Score is higher than 97.5% of ResearchGate members, RG Score 44.56

Google Scholar: h-index    40,   i10-index    87

Selected bibliography and books authored

 Hiremath Chandrashekhar P., K. Senthilnathan, N. K. Naik, Anirban Guha and Asim Tewari. 2018.  Microstructural damage based modeling of thermal conductivity of cyclically loaded CFRP, Composites Science and Technology, 154: 37–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.11.011
 Muthukumar M., J. Prasath, S. Sathish, G. Ravikumar, Y. M. Desai and N. K. Naik. 2017. 3D layer-to-layer orthogonal interlock woven composites under monotonic loading: Multiscale modeling, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 36 (17): 1263–1285,DOI 10.1177/0731684417706555
 Pandya Kedar S., Ch. V. Sesha Kumar, N. S. Nair, P. S. Patil and N. K. Naik. 2015. Analytical and experimental studies on ballistic impact behavior of 2D woven fabric composites, International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 24:471-511. DOI: 10.1177/1056789514531440
 Pandya Kedar S. and N. K. Naik. 2015. Analytical and experimental studies on ballistic impact behavior of carbon nanotube dispersed resin, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 76: 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.09.003
 Naik, N.K., Kedar S. Pandya, Jayaram R. Pothnis and Tamrat Abishu Gelu. 2014. Revisiting Kolsky bar data evaluation method, Composite Structures, 111: 446–452.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.01.030
 Naik, N.K, M. Sirisha and A. Inani. 2014. Permeability characterization of polymer matrix composites by RTM / VARTM, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 65: 22–40. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2013.09.002
 Naik, N.K., Santosh Kumar, D. Ratnaveer, M. Joshi and K. Akella. 2013. An energy-based model for ballistic impact analysis of ceramic-composite armors, International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 22 (2):145–187, DOI: 10.1177/1056789511435346
 Jayaprakash, K., Y.M. Desai and N.K. Naik. 2013. Fatigue behavior of [0n/90n]s composite cantilever beam under tip impulse loading, Composite Structures, 99: 255–263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.12.009
 Satapathy, M.R., B.G. Vinayak, K. Jayaprakash and N.K. Naik.  2013. Fatigue behavior of laminated composites with a circular hole under in-plane multiaxial loading, Materials and Design, 51: 347–356, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.04.040
 Naik, N.K. 2012. Guest Editorial: Special issue on high velocity impact behavior of composites, Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 47 (7): 395, DOI: 10.1177/0309324712461887
 Naik, N.K., R. Goel and M.D. Kulkarni. 2008. Stress wave attenuation in ceramic plates, Journal of Applied Physics, 103 (10), art. no. 103504, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2921971
 Naik, N.K., Y. Chandrasekher and S. Meduri. 2000. Damage in woven fabric composites subjected to low velocity impact, Composites Science and Technology, 60:731-744.
 Naik, N.K. and V.K. Ganesh. 1996. Failure behavior of plain weave fabric laminates under on-axis uniaxial tensile loading: II - analytical predictions, Journal of Composite Materials, 30:1779-1822, https://doi.org/10.1177/002199839603001603
 Naik, N.K. and P.S. Shembekar. 1992. Elastic behavior of woven fabric composites: I - lamina analysis, Journal of Composite Materials, 26:2196-2225, https://doi.org/10.1177/002199839202601502

Research publications
BOOKS AUTHORED:   Naik, N.K. 1994.  Woven Fabric Composites, Technomic   Publishing Company, Inc., Lancaster,  PA, USA. Now, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Chapters contributed to books:

1.    Naik, N.K. 1996. Chapter title: Numerical Modelling of Woven Fabric Composite Materials, Chapter 13, pp 400–438, Book title: Numerical Analysis and Modelling of Composite Materials, Edited by: J.W. Bull, Publisher: Blackie Academic and Professional, London.

2.    Naik, N.K. 1997. Chapter title:  Mechanics of Woven Fabric Composites, Chapter 6, pp 249–307, Book title: Composites Engineering Handbook, Edited by:  P.K. Mallick, Publisher: Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.

3.    Naik, N.K. 2003. Chapter title:  Woven-Fibre Thermoset Composites, Chapter 10, pp 296–313, Book title: Fatigue in Composites, Edited by:  Bryan Harris, Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, England.

4.    Naik, N.K. 2016. Chapter title:  Ballistic Impact Behaviour of Composites: Analytical Formulation, Chapter 15, pp 425–470, Book title: Dynamic Deformation, Damage and Fracture in Composite Materials and Structures, Edited by: V.  V. Silberschmidt,  Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Limited, an imprint of Elsevier, Cambridge, England.

5.    Naik, N.K. 2016. Chapter title:  Analysis of Woven Fabric Composites for Ballistic Protection, Chapter 8, pp 217–262, Book title: Advanced Fibrous Composite Materials for Ballistic Protection, Edited by: Xiaogang Chen, Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Limited, an imprint of Elsevier, Cambridge, England.

PROCEEDINGS  EDITED: Naik, N.K., K. Biswas and G.C. Popli, eds. 1997. Aerospace Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 13th National  Convention of Aerospace Engineers, The Institution of Engineers (India), Allied Publishers Limited, New Delhi.

See also
Ballistic impact
Polymer matrix composite
Composite material
Aerospace

References

External links
Personal Homepage

1944 births
Living people
IIT Bombay alumni
Academic staff of IIT Bombay
Indian aerospace engineers
People from Uttara Kannada
Kannada people
Indian scientific authors
Scientists from Mumbai
Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India
Fellows of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
20th-century Indian inventors
21st-century Indian inventors
Indian patent holders


Uncial 0121a (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 1031 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 10th-century.

Description
The codex contains a parts of the 1 Corinthians 15:52-2 Corinthians 1:15; 10:13-12:5 on two parchment leaves (). The text is written in two columns per page, 38 lines per page, in small uncial letters, in red ink. It has errors of iota adscriptum (τηι for τῃ).

The Greek text of this codex is a mixture of text-types. Aland placed it in Category III.

In 1 Corinthians 15:54 it lacks το φθαρτον τουτο ενδυσηται αφθαρσιαν και along with 088, 0243, 1175, 1739;

In 2 Corinthians 1:10 it reads τηλικουτου θανατου; the reading is supported by א, A, B, C, Dgr, Ggr, K, P, Ψ, 0209, 0243, 33, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz.

History

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 10th-century.

The manuscript was examined by Johann Jakob Griesbach. Griesbach was the first who observed similarities between Londoner fragment (0121a) and Hamburger fragment (0121b), and supposed that they came from the same manuscript.

The codex is located in the British Library (Harley MS 5613), in London. It was classified with Uncial 0121b as the same manuscript, but it is now established that they belonged to different manuscripts.

See also

 List of New Testament uncials
 Textual criticism
 Minuscule 385

References

External links

 Uncial 0121a at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
 Harley 5613 at the British Library

Further reading

 Constantin von Tischendorf, Anecdota sacra et profana (Leipzig: 1855), pp. 174–189, 190-205.

Greek New Testament uncials
10th-century biblical manuscripts
Harleian Collection


The Triangle X Barn is a log barn at the Triangle X dude ranch in Grand Teton National Park.  The barn was built by J.C. Turner, who used logs from neighbor John Fee's partly completed log cabin to begin construction of his barn in 1928. The barn, which is still in use, displays several methods of notching logs. It is notable as an illustration of the extent of the re-use of building materials that was common practice on what was in the early 20th century still almost a frontier settlement.

The Triangle X is the only dude ranch still operating within the boundaries of Grand Teton National Park. The first ten log courses use dovetailed logs from Fee's unfinished cabin. The upper six courses comprising the loft base are square-notched. The gable ends are sheathed in random-width planks varying from  to . The roof extends as a hood over the south end of the barn. The interior features a center aisle with two stalls on one side and a tack room on the other. There is no interior access to the loft.

The Triangle X Barn was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1998

See also
 Historical buildings and structures of Grand Teton National Park

References

External links

Triangle X Barn at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Buildings and structures in Grand Teton National Park
Ranches in Wyoming
Ranches on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Barns in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Teton National Park
1928 establishments in Wyoming


The Southport Leagues Club is a rugby league club based in Southport, Queensland, Australia. The primary charter of SLCL is the promotion of Rugby league within the Gold Coast community and the operation of a profitable sporting club that reinvests in Rugby League and the local community.

History
Southport Leagues Club Limited (SLCL) has been an integral part of the Gold Coast Rugby League scene and community since the 1930s when it was originally called the Southport Wanderers. This has positioned SLCL as a leading community-based sporting organisation based on the Gold Coast in Queensland.

Rugby League
The Southport Tigers Senior Rugby League Football Club is a member of Queensland Rugby League (QRL) and plays in the Gold Coast competition.
The primary teams currently consist of Under 19s, Reserve Grade and First Grade.

See also

 Sports on the Gold Coast, Queensland
 Southport Tigers

External links
Southport Leagues Club Official Website

Sports venues on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Southport, Queensland
Rugby league on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Clubs and societies in Queensland


Michael Perelman (October 1, 1939 - September 21, 2020) was an American economist and economic historian, former professor of economics at California State University, Chico. Perelman has written 19 books, including Railroading Economics, Manufacturing Discontent, The Perverse Economy, and The Invention of Capitalism.

Biography
A student of economics at the University of Michigan and San Francisco State College, Perelman earned a Ph.D in agricultural economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1971, under supervision of George Kuznets. Perelman wrote that he was drawn away from the "framework of conventional economics," noticing that the agricultural system was "consuming ten times more energy than it was producing in the form of edible food." Perelman's research into how "profit-oriented agricultural system created hunger, pollution, serious public health consequences, and environmental disruption, while throwing millions of people off the land" led to his first book, Farming for Profit in a Hungry World (1977). Perelman continued to write extensively in criticism of conventional or mainstream economics, including in all his books (and especially his books  published from 2000 to date), papers and interviews.

Although perceiving flaws in Marx's work as it is typically interpreted in the context of its modern reading, Perelman wrote that "Marx’s crisis theory was far more sophisticated than many modern readers had realized," focusing on an interpretation that is largely bypassed by many readers of Marxian economic thought. Perelman viewed Marxist theory as vindicated through its account of crises that a capitalist economy must inherently generate.

Perelman appeared on a number of programs, including Media Matters, Pacifica Radio, KPFA 94.1 Berkeley, and WBBR (Bloomberg Radio).

Books
 Farming for Profit in a Hungry World (1977)
 Classical Political Economy, Primitive Accumulation and the Social Division of Labor (1983)
 Karl Marx’s Crises Theories: Labor, Scarcity and Fictitious Capital (1987)
 Keynes, Investment Theory and the Economic Slowdown: The Role of Replacement Investment and q-Ratios (1989)
 Information, Social Relations, and the Economics of High Technology (1991)
 The Pathology of the U.S. Economy: The Costs of a Low Wage System (1993)
 The End of Economics (1996)
 Class Warfare in the Information Age (1998)
 The Natural Instability of Markets: Expectations, Increasing Returns and the Collapse of Markets (1999)
 Transcending the Economy: On the Potential of Passionate Labor and the Wastes of the Market  (2000)
 The Invention of Capitalism: The Secret History of Primitive Accumulation (2000)
 The Pathology of the U.S. Economy Revisited: The Intractable Contradictions of Economic Policy (2001)
 Steal This Idea: Intellectual Property and The Corporate Confiscation of Creativity (2002)
 The Perverse Economy: The Impact of Markets on People and Nature (2003)
 Manufacturing Discontent: The Trap of Individualism in a Corporate Society (2005)
 Railroading Economics: The Creation of the Free Market Mythology (2006)
 The Confiscation of American Prosperity: From Right-Wing Extremism and Economic Ideology to the Next Great Depression (2007)
 The Invisible Handcuffs of Capitalism: How Market Tyranny Stifles the Economy by Stunting Workers (2011)

References

External links

 California State University page
 Michael Perelman's blog Unsettling Economics
 Michael Perelman. (2000). The Invention of Capitalism: Classical Political Economy and the Secret History of Primitive Accumulation Published by Duke University Press. ,
 "What's Wrong with Tort Reform?" by Michael Perelman (Monthly Review'')
 Michael Perelman: An Audio Podcast with Bob McChesney
 Interview with Michael Perelman by JK Fowler for The Mantle on March 19, 2011
 Interview with Michael Perelman by JK Fowler for The Mantle on April 15, 2012

1939 births
2020 deaths
American economics writers
American male non-fiction writers
American economists
California State University, Chico faculty
Economic historians
Historians of economic thought
Marxian economists
UC Berkeley College of Natural Resources alumni
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Copyright scholars


Lohnes Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 14.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


McVeigh is a surname of Scottish and Irish origin from Gaelic Mac Bheatha or Mac an Bheatha, and a bearer of Mac Beatha is mentioned in the Annals as taking part in the battle of Clontarf in 1014.  The name is common in east Ulster, particularly Armagh. Variations include MacVay, MacVey, McVeagh. Notable people with the surname include:
 Andrea McVeigh, New Zealand netball commentator
 Annita McVeigh, British newsreader
 Brian J. McVeigh (born 1959), American anthropologist
 Charles McVeigh (1898–1984), Canadian ice hockey player
 Jack McVeigh (born 1996), Australian basketball player
 Jarrad McVeigh (born 1985), Australian rules footballer
 Jimmy McVeigh (born 1949), English football defender
 John McVeigh (footballer) (born 1957), Scottish football midfielder
 John McVeigh (politician) (born 1965), Australian politician
 John J. McVeigh (1921–1944), United States Army soldier
 Mark McVeigh (born 1981), Australian rules footballer
 Paul McVeigh (born 1977), Northern Irish professional footballer
 Timothy McVeigh (1968–2001), American domestic terrorist, perpetrator of the Oklahoma City bombing
 Timothy R. McVeigh (born 1961), United States Navy sailor
 Tom McVeigh (born 1930), Australian politician

See also
McVay, surname
McVey, surname

References


Vrontou () may refer to several places in Greece:

Ano Vrontou, a village in the Serres regional unit
Kato Vrontou, a village in the municipality of Kato Nevrokopi in the Drama regional unit
Vrontou, Pieria, a village in the municipality Dio-Olympos, Pieria
Vrontous, a mountain in the northeastern Serres regional unit


West Bay Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 60.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


Mission Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,077. It is the most populous township in the county.

History
Mission Township was formed from Wood Lake School Township in the mid-1910s. The township is named in honor of the mission school established here in 1874 by the Grey Nuns, a Roman Catholic religious institute from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The school was established through the efforts of Major William H. Forbes, the first Indian agent on the Fort Totten Reservation, as the Spirit Lake Reservation was then known.

Geography
Mission Township is located on the south shore of Devils Lake on the Spirit Lake Reservation. It is roughly  east of the community of Fort Totten and  south of the city of Devils Lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , making it the fourth largest township in the county. 88% of the township is land. Devils Lake's Mission Bay shares the township's name.

Mission Township lies in survey township T152N R64W and extends into portions of survey townships T153N R63W and R64W. North Dakota Highway 20 runs through the middle of the township.

Natural features
Spring Lake: ()
Devils Lake
Black Tiger Bay:()
Mission Bay: ()

Adjacent townships/areas
Creel Township, Ramsey County (north)
Lohnes Township (east)
Wood Lake Township (south)
Fort Totten Unorganized Territory (west)

Cities and populated places
Saint Michael

Demographics

As of the 2000 Census, there were 1,077 people, 273 households and 231 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 300 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 84.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, 13.6% White, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 273 households, 231 of which were families. 55.3% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 32.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 15.4% were non-families. 12.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.6% had someone living alone, who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.95 and the average family size was 4.03.

In the township, the population was spread out, with 46.1% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64 and 3.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 20 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $28,125 and the median income for a family was $24,583. Males had a median income of $21,111 versus $16,991 for females. The per capita income for the village was $7,899. About 35.0% of families and 39.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 49.0% of those under age 18 and 19.4% of those age 65 or over. 15.2% of the population was unemployed.

External links
Map of Mission Township, U.S. Census Bureau

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Populated places established in 1874
Townships in North Dakota
1874 establishments in Dakota Territory


Fabián Turnes (born January 12, 1965 in Buenos Aires) is a former Argentine rugby union player and a current coach. He played as a centre.

Turnes played at Banco Nación, from 1983/84 to 1988/89, where he won two titles of Argentine Champion, in 1985/86 and 1988/89. He then would play for Amatori Rugby San Donà (1989/90), Cesena and Amatori Catania, in Italy, returning for two final seasons at Banco Nación, where he would end his career in 1997/98. He then started a coaching career.

He had 29 caps for Argentina, from 1985 to 1997, scoring 63 points, 5 tries, 5 conversions, 10 penalties and 1 drop goal. He played two matches at the 1987 Rugby World Cup finals.

He was nominated, after the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals, one of the head coaches of Argentina, with Santiago Phelan.

External links
Fabián Turnes International Statistics

1965 births
Living people
Argentine rugby union players
Argentine rugby union coaches
Rugby union players from Buenos Aires
Rugby union centres
Argentina national rugby union team coaches
Argentina international rugby union players
1987 Rugby World Cup players


Irvine Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 24.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


Warwick Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States.  As of the 2000 census, its population was 78.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


Peter John Stimpson (born 25 May 1947) is a former Welsh first-class cricketer who played first-class and List A cricket for Worcestershire in 1971 and 1972.

Stimpson was playing for Worcestershire's Second XI as early as 1963, aged just 16,
but it was almost eight years before he made his first-team debut, playing against Oxford University at The University Parks in May 1971. He opened the batting, but in his only innings managed just 11.
However, he had several good innings later in the season, including the only first-class century of his career: 103 against Glamorgan at Worcester.
He immediately followed this up with knocks of 88 and 42 not out against Warwickshire at Edgbaston.

Stimpson had ended 1971 with 787 first-class runs at 27.13, but he suffered a run drought in early 1972, repeatedly being dismissed for very small scores. He did make 52 against Surrey in mid-May,
but it was not enough to prevent his return to the Second XI, and it was July before he re-established himself in the first team. Again he had a run of failures, but 88 in the County Championship against Kent brought him out of it,
and 52 against Essex in the John Player League (his only List A half-century) gave cause for further hope.
However, despite one more half-century (66 versus Nottinghamshire) by the end of the year he was struggling for runs once more, and 1972 was to be his second and last season of first-team county cricket.

Although Stimpson's career in senior cricket had ended, in the mid-1970s he appeared on several occasions for Zambia in East African tournaments, and in August 1976 produced an eye-catching performance, hitting 89 and 128* as an opener as Zambia beat Tanzania.

Notes

References

 Peter Stimpson at ZambaiCricket.Org

1947 births
Living people
British expatriate sportspeople in Zambia
Sportspeople from Merthyr Tydfil
Welsh cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Zambian cricketers


East Fork Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 36.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


An overlap in railway signalling is the length of track beyond a stop signal that is proved to be clear of vehicles in the controls of the previous signal, as a safety margin.

Overview

Enough braking distance is provided to allow a train to comfortably stop at the stop signal, but should it fail to do so for any reason (fog, smoke, slippery rails, brake failure, inattention by driver, etc.) there is still some distance to allow the train to stop short of any obstruction, such as another train.

Length

The length of an overlap may be a nominal length, or else calculated on the full emergency braking distance for the gradients and speeds for that particular section of line.

Two signal protection

If the overlap is long enough to extend from one stop signal to the next, then the effect is to provide two signal protection (or "double blocking"), with the first signal having a full overlap, and the second signal having a short overlap.

With two signal protection, only one track circuit is needed between successive signals. However, overlaps may then be longer than is necessary with an adverse effect on headway.

With one signal protection, there may be two track circuits between successive signals, which has a cost, however headways can be optimised.

Country practice

Overlap design vary widely with signalling practice in different countries and types of train protection systems. Many countries do not use overlaps at all.

Germany
In Germany the following distances before entry to a station or another critical point are used:

United Kingdom
(Typical values)
 Semaphore signalling: 400 m (previously defined as 440 yards)
 Colour light signals: 180 m

References

Railway signalling


Minco Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 22.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


Normania Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 56.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


Mundy (born Edmund Enright) is an Irish singer-songwriter.

Mundy may also refer to:

 Mundy Township, Michigan, a charter township in Genesee County
 Mundy Park, the largest park in Coquitlam, British Columbia
 Mundy Regional Park, a regional park in Western Australia
 Mundy (surname)
 Mundy Hepburn, an American artist
 Mundys, an Italian holding company


Alex Bag (born 1969) is an artist working primarily in video. She currently resides in Glen Ridge, New Jersey. Her work is largely influenced by television, which she finds to be "the most awful thing. But I can't stop watching it..." She has performed at The Knitting Factory and lectured at Yale University, Parsons School of Design, Cal Arts, and The Getty Research Institute.

Life and work
Bag received her BFA from Cooper Union and had her first solo exhibition at 303 Gallery only three years after graduating. Her work has been shown at the Gagosian Gallery, P.S. 1, Tate Gallery, Centre Georges Pompidou, Museum of Modern Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, and numerous spaces internationally.

Her father worked in advertising and Bag sometimes visited his sets as a child, which she regarded as "something just as exciting and important as traditional kinds of fine art." Her mother also worked in television as the host of popular children's program The Carol Corbett Show, later renamed The Patchwork Family. Bag appeared on the show at the age of four to interview a monkey.

In the December 2004 issue of Artforum, David Rimanelli remarked that “Alex Bag belongs on the Top Ten every year, whatever she does." Bag has also shown with Galerie Almine Rech in Paris in 1999, American Fine Arts Co. in New York (2000 and 2002), The Whitney Museum of American Art (2009), and was represented by Elizabeth Dee Gallery, where she exhibited in 2004 and 2009, until late 2011. She is currently represented by Team Gallery, Inc., where she had a solo exhibition in March 2012. This exhibition, which was in part a collaboration with Patterson Beckwith, featured compilations from Bag's public access television program from 1994 to 1997 with a "hodge-podge of the artists’ punk-rock fueled antics interspersed with clips that resemble The Soup-style recaps of the week’s talk shows."

Though similar to Pop Art in its appropriation of pop culture and mass media, Bag adds political criticism to her work. "There are so many good things about Pop art, but other things I think are awful. The Pop artists accepted their place and time and allowed themselves to reference the world around them, look at it, be inspired by it, examine it, not be so isolated from it, not be in an ivory tower. But at the same time they limited themselves by being so much about surface gloss. They repeat popular imagery without saying anything, really; it's devoid of politics" (Frankel, David,"TV, or not TV: David Frankel on Alex Bag").

Selected works
 In "Fall '95 (1995)", this video documents the fictionalized life of the New York City art school School of Visual Arts student, played by Bag herself. Taking the form of a video diary, Bag's character addresses the camera directly, expressing her thoughts on life and art, which mature significantly over the course of eight semesters. Interspersed between these entries are clips commenting on a variety of topics including male aggression, mockingly portrayed by toys, and video art from the 1970s.
 In "Untitled (Project for the Andy Warhol Museum) (1996)", Bag recreates the act of channel surfing in this video composed of short segments of ads, self-help shows, soap operas, and news programs recreated by the artist herself.
 In "Le Cruel et Curieux Vie du la Salmonellapod (2000)", a collaboration with Ethan Kramer, Le Cruel et Curieux Vie du la Salmonellapod is a nature documentary about an imaginary animal with feathers and tentacles. The animal is shown attacking a terrier and reproducing in upstate New York.
 "The Van (2001)" was installed in a van with leather and fake pink fur interior, this video presents Bag in the roles of three made-up artists as they are driven to the Leroy Leloupe Gallery by its owner. The three discuss their work, their outfits, and career aspirations.
 "Crackup (2002)" is a series of C-prints, Bag posed as a series of different characters with bulging orbs for eyes. The frames have built in speakers activated by the viewer squeezing a big pink button. In one photograph, Bag sits on a therapist's couch while the dialogue says "I want to start you immediately on morphine for the hopelessness, Prozac for the dejection and guilt...and Zoloft for the unbearable sense of dread." In another, Bag poses in front of a Blockbuster and discusses the store's promotional use of the word "love."
 In "Coven Services for Consumer Mesmerism, Product Sorcery, and the Necromantic Reimagination of Consumption (2004)", Coven Services is Bag's imaginary PR firm and advertising agency, serving clients such as Monsanto Company, Bechtel, and AOL Time Warner. This installation at Elizabeth Dee Gallery consists of wall collage, framed finished advertisements and video. The wall collage includes Polaroids, drawings of Michael Jackson promoting Monsanto and Rush Limbaugh surrounded by an aura of OxyContin, magic spell recipes in Old English, and tear sheets. A trail of rubber rats leads to the video at the back of the gallery, which shows Bag promoting Chase Bank, AOL, and thong pads along with clips of the Paris Hilton sex tape

Grants and awards
In 1995, she was awarded a grant from the Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award.

Videography

 Untitled (Spring 94), 1994, (28 minutes)
 Untitled (Fall’95), 1995, (57 minutes)
 Artist's Mind, 1996, (22 minutes)
 His Girlfriend is a Robot, 1996, (16 minutes)
 Untitled (project for the Andy Warhol Museum), 1996, (22 minutes)
 Harriet Craig, 1998
 Le Cruel et Curieux Vie Du La Salmonellapod, 2000, with Ethan Kramer
 The Van, 2001
 Coven Services/Demo Reel, 2004

References

Works cited

1969 births
Living people
American video artists
Cooper Union alumni
Artists from New York City


Lallie Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 364.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


The Battle of Shayuan () was fought in 537 AD and was the second battle between the two successor states of Northern Wei during the Southern and Northern Dynasty period. During the battle, Yuwen Tai of Western Wei successfully ambushed and miraculously defeated the more than twenty times larger Eastern Wei army of Gao Huan that was marching towards Chang'an. The battle firmly established Western Wei's control of the Guanzhong Plain.

Background
By the start of the 6th century AD, the Northern Wei dynasty had been in control of north China for over 100 years, however a series of events at the beginning of the century would bring about its collapse. The Six Frontier Towns rebellion began in 523, with the garrisons of the major forts guarding the dynasty’s northern border turning against their commanders and the government, beginning a rebellion that would send the region into chaos. It also inspired numerous other rebellions throughout the empire, each with their own grievances against the Northern Wei. This situation was not helped by the fact that the Northern Wei court was almost always in crisis. In 528 the 18 year old Emperor Xiaoming was killed by his own mother, Empress Dowager Hu, who was in turn killed by the general Erzhu Rong. Erzhu Rong successfully put down many of the rebellions against the Northern Wei, but he was killed by the new Emperor Xiaozhuang in 530, who was then captured and killed by Erzhu Shilong and Erzhu Zhao.

It was during this time that Gao Huan rose to prominence. Gao Huan was from a poor family and had been serving numerous rebel warlords before meeting Erzhu Rong. He soon impressed Erzhu and was made one of his commanders, participating in his takeover of the imperial government and campaigns against various rebels. Following Erzhu Rong’s assassination he initially supported Erzhu Shilong and Erzhu Zhao against Emperor Xiaozhuang, but shortly after the emperor’s death he became convinced that he could defeat the Erzhu clan and so rebelled against them. Thus another civil war broke out and by 532 Gao Huan had defeated and killed the Erzhus and took control of the imperial government.

The new Emperor Xiaowu attempted to resist Gao Huan’s influence by aligning himself with another general called Heba Yue, who controlled many of the western provinces. Gao Huan managed to persuade another warlord called Houmouchen Yue to betray Heba Yue, and Houmouchen had Heba assassinated, however he failed to take over Heba Yue’s army which was then brought under control by Heba’s second in command Yuwen Tai. Yuwen Tai was a descendant of the Xianbei Yuwen tribe and had been serving under many warlords during the recent series of civil wars, but had only risen to prominence under Heba Yue. Yuwen attacked and defeated Houmouchen Yue, who committed suicide.

In 534 Gao Huan became aware that Emperor Xiaowu was building troops to fight him and so marched towards the capital Luoyang, forcing Emperor Xiaowu to flee to the territory of Yuwen Tai. Gao Huan tried to convince Xiaowu to return to Luoyang but when this failed he made Yuan Shanjian emperor (as emperor Xiaojing). There were now two emperors, thus splitting the Northern Wei dynasty into Eastern Wei and Western Wei. However this wouldn’t have seemed permanent to many at the time, as Gao Huan’s Eastern Wei was larger and militarily stronger and Western Wei did not look likely to survive. Yuwen Tai nevertheless prepared to resist Gao Huan

Prelude
In early 537 Gao Huan advanced into the Western Wei heartland of the Guanzhong Plain, splitting his forces into 3 parts, one part commanded by himself, and the other parts commanded by his generals Gao Aocao and Dou Tai. Yuwen Tai’s army was significantly smaller but he managed to engage Dou Tai’s force on its own at the Battle of Xiaoguan, crushing it and killing Dou Tai. The other parts of Gao Huan’s army subsequently retreated.

However this was not the end of Western Wei’s troubles, for the state was also suffering from a severe famine. Because of this Yuwen Tai launched a counterattack against the Eastern Wei, seizing the Hongnong Commandery which he began stripping of food to be sent back to Western Wei territory. Upon hearing this Gao Huan immediately began raising more forces and was quickly marching to Hongnong. Gao Huan reportedly had a massive army of up to 200,000 men, though some consider this as too high. Even if he didn’t have 200,000 soldiers, Gao Huan’s army was certainly significantly larger than Yuwen Tai’s, who reportedly only had 10,000 men at his disposal. Upon hearing of the approach of Gao Huan’s army, Yuwen Tai withdrew his forces from Hongnong.

Gao Huan planned to march into Western Wei territory and engage Yuwen Tai with his numerically superior force, however it is said that many of his advisors opposed this. One councillor known as Xue Tang said that Gao Huan didn’t need to attack at all, as long as he prevented Yuwen Tai from getting any more food then the Western Wei army, and subsequently state, would break down from starvation. Gao Huan was eager to personally avenge Dou Tai however and so rejected this advice. The general Hulü Qiangju suggested that Gao Huan’s forces were so much bigger than his opponents that he could split his forces, with one force only needing stall Yuwen Tai while the other captured the Western Wei capital, Chang’an, which could deal a heavy blow to Western Wei at minimal loss for Gao Huan. However splitting his forces was what caused the previous defeat at Xiaoguan so Gao Huan rejected this advice too. With the benefit of hindsight, many modern authors think that these plans were both sound and had Gao Huan adopted them then he would have destroyed the Western Wei

Yuwen Tai meanwhile was searching for a battlefield that would give him a chance of victory against Gao Huan and when he arrived near Shayuan his general Li Bi found a perfect site at the Weiqu marshland, ten miles away. The area was covered in reeds which were perfect for ambush and was located within a bend in the Wei River so Gao Huan’s large army would be funnelled inward. Yuwen Tai agreed and so set his men up in the marshland. Some were located in a clearing in the reeds to draw in the Eastern Wei army while a large cavalry contingent under Li Bi lay in ambush.

Battle
Gao Huan arrived soon after, intent on crushing Yuwen Tai. When he saw the small Western Wei force and the reeds he realised the potential for ambush and considered setting fire to the reeds to draw out any soldiers within them, however his generals Hou Jing and Peng Le opposed this, Hou because he thought that Western Wei would not surrender if Yuwen Tai's body was burnt and Peng because he believed the Eastern Wei advantage to be so large that no such plan was necessary, and so Gao Huan eventually decided against the idea. His troops all advanced in one towards the Western Wei army, however as they were beginning to engage the smaller force consisting of Li Bi’s cavalry sprang out from the reeds, cutting through the Eastern Wei army and splitting it in half. Yuwen Tai then commanded the camouflaged troops and launched a frontal assault against the Eastern Wei Army. Even though the Eastern Wei still had significantly more soldiers, a large part of the army was now being surrounded and thus began to rout, this panic spread to the rest of the army and despite Gao Huan and his generals best efforts to regain control of them the whole army was soon in retreat. The battle was short and the vast majority of Eastern Wei casualties came during the retreat rather than the engagement itself. 6,000 Eastern Wei soldiers were killed and 70,000 captured at the expense of minimal Western Wei casualties.

Aftermath
The battle greatly changed the balance of power between the Western and Eastern Wei, with the Eastern Wei’s military strength being reduced significantly enough that they were no longer able to threaten the Western Wei heartland of the Guanzhong plain. Instead it became the Western Wei’s turn to threaten Eastern Wei territory and the Western general Dugu Xin briefly occupied the former Northern Wei capital Luoyang in 538. Even by the time the Eastern Wei had recovered from the defeat at Shayuan the Western Wei were in a much better position, having consolidated its control over the north-west of China and were no longer in famine and so were able to fight the Eastern Wei on equal footing. The Battle of Shayuan is considered by many to be a very important battle in Chinese history as in 557 the Western Wei was succeeded by the Northern Zhou who were themselves succeeded by the Sui Dynasty in 581, who went on to unify China. Had the Western Wei fallen at Shayuan then the Sui dynasty could not exist to unify China, and the Tang Dynasty, who ruled China for 300 years following the Sui, could not have existed either, almost certainly changing the next 300 years of Chinese history and most probably the remainder of the whole country’s past.

References

Shayuan
537
Northern Wei
Northern and Southern dynasties


Lake Ibsen Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 39.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


Twin Tree Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 50.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


Riggin Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 63.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota


West Antelope Township is a civil township in Benson County, North Dakota, United States.

In 2010, it had a population of 21 inhabitants and a population density of 0.23 people per km2.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 93 km2, of which 92.73 km2 is land and (0.29%) 0.27 km2 is water.

Demographics
According to the 2010 census, there were 21 people living in the township of West Antelope. The population density was 0.23 inhabitants/km2. The entire population was white. As of the 2000 census, its population had been 33.

References

Townships in Benson County, North Dakota
Townships in North Dakota