"Juanita" is the title of a 1997 promotional single release and a song by Underworld, and the first portion of the opening combined track "Juanita/Kiteless/To Dream of Love," from their 1996 album Second Toughest in the Infants.

The band also released different mixes of the track, including a live version on the 2000 live album Everything, Everything, and as "Juanita 2022," on a May 2022 EP.

Background
The album version of the track is titled "Juanita/Kiteless/To Dream of Love," as "Juanita" forms only the first part of three in the track, with "Kiteless" and "To Dream of Love" pushing it to its length of over sixteen minutes. The "Promo Short Cut" version included on the promotional single cuts down the six-minutes "Juanita" part, and edits and fades it out to 3:49.

The song was the regular set-opener of their Second Toughest in the Infants and Beaucoup Fish tours. It is named after Juanita Boxill, who later contributed spoken word vocals for their album A Hundred Days Off. The 2000 live album Everything, Everything, which documents the Beaucoup Fish tour, features a version which includes "Juanita" and "Kiteless" only, and runs to 12:35.

Reviews
In a 2016 rundown of the band's best tracks on Stereogum, music critic Sean T Collins rated "Juanita" as "the single strongest argument for [Underworld's] genius," and noted: "The peculiar sample which occurs at the end of the track is one of Karl Hyde’s most effective deployments of his observational writing. His technique consisted of simply sitting and while he recorded himself listing the colours of passing cars, played it back at high speed, slowing down the occasional entry in the list as if it contained some special, unknowable meaning."

Juanita 2022
In May 2022, the band released a new remix of the song entitled "Juanita 2022," on an EP alongside the live version of "Juanita/Kiteless" from the 2000 live album Everything, Everything.

Track listing

Promo single

Juanita 2022 EP

References

Underworld (band) songs
1997 singles
1995 songs
Wax Trax! Records singles
Songs written by Darren Emerson
Songs written by Rick Smith (musician)
Songs written by Karl Hyde


Actinidia polygama (also known as , silver vine, , and cat powder) is a species of kiwifruit in the Actinidiaceae family. It grows in the mountainous areas of Korea, Japan and China at elevations between .

Characteristics
Silver vine can reach up to  high at maturity. It is a deciduous climber and tolerates temperatures down to . The petiole leaves are silver and white in color and  long and  wide. These colorful markings make the plant identifiable from afar, until the flowering season when the leaves turn completely green.

Flowering
The flowering season lasts from late June to early July, in which the plant bears white flowers about  in diameter. The longevity of an individual flower is 2–3 days, when the plant also starts to develop small, yellow to yellow-red, egg-shaped, fleshy, and multiseeded fruits, which mature from September to October. The fruit is about  wide and  long. The inside of the fruit resembles the common kiwifruit, but it is orange in color rather than green.

Cultivation
The silver vine plant requires moist, well-drained soil, and partial shade to full sun. This fast-growing vine makes for good cover on a fence or trellis. It is becoming increasingly popular as an edible fruit crop.

Uses

Traditional medicine
Silver vine has been used for its medicinal benefits for centuries.  In China, silver vine was used as a preventive health aid, and is still commonly used as an alternative therapy for hypertension, arthritic pain, and was investigated for potential to induce apoptosis in in vitro promyelocytic leukemia. In traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, it has been used for a wide range of health problems, including:

In Korean Buddhism, silver vine was soaked in traditional Korean sauces and used for diuresis, alleviation of pain, hypertension, genital troubles , and bronchitis.

In the ancient times, travelers in Japan used the fruit of silver vine to regain energy.

Silver vine leaves also have a high content of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E.

Culinary
The fruit in the "acorn" shape can be salted and eaten raw, fried in oil, added to rice, or mixed with sesame seeds and mayonnaise to top salads. The fruit may also be fermented to make Matatabi sake and miso, fermented into a fruit wine, or extracted for  juice. The leaves, buds, and stems can also be ground into a powder or cut, steamed, and steeped to make tea.  Adding mint or sugar can give variations in the tea.

Products
Grinding the leaves and stems into a coarser grind than needed for the tea makes Matatabi grass, which is used as bath salts.  The vine is used as material for folk crafts, and the sap is collected to make lotions.

Pets

Silver vine has long been known to elicit euphoric response in cats. The reaction to silver vine is similar to the response to catnip, but appears to be more intense. Silver vine is an alternative to catnip, and many cats that do not react to catnip will respond positively to silver vine powder made from dried fruit galls. Typical behaviors include rolling, chin and cheek rubbing, drooling, and licking. The effect usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but afterwards cats exhibit a refractory period lasting roughly an hour during which they are unresponsive to further dosage.

A study published in January 2021 suggests that felines are specifically attracted to the iridoids nepetalactol and nepetalactone, present in silver vine and catnip, respectively. The compounds were found to repel mosquitos, and it is hypothesized that rubbing against the plants provides the cats with a chemical coat that protects them against mosquito bites.

References

External links

polygama
Cat attractants
Flora of China
Flora of Japan
Flora of Korea
Flora of Primorsky Krai
Fruits originating in East Asia
Japanese fruit
Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine


The Blues and The Abstract Truth, Take 2 is a 2008 album, released on the Resonance label, by American jazz pianist Bill Cunliffe. It is a tribute to Oliver Nelson, particularly to his 1961 album The Blues and the Abstract Truth.

Track listing

 "Stolen Moments"
 "Hoe Down"
 "Cascades"
 "Yearnin'"
 "Butch and Butch"
 "Teenie's Blues"
 "Port Authority"
 "Mary Lou's Blues"

(1-6: Oliver Nelson; 7&8: Bill Cunliffe)

Performers
 Bill Cunliffe - piano and arranger
 Terell Stafford - guest soloist: trumpet
 Jeff Clayton - guest soloist: alto sax
 Andy Martin - trombone
 Bob Sheppard - tenor sax and soprano sax
 Brian Scanlon - alto sax
 Larry Lunetta - trumpet
 Tom Warrington - bass
 Mark Ferber - drums

External links
The Blues and the Abstract Truth, Take 2 — Resonance Records
 — at youtube.com (c/o Resonance Records, with Paul Kreibich (drums), Ricky Woodward (tenor sax) and Bob Summers (trumpet))

2008 albums
Jazz albums by American artists


The 86th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Perry A. Stambaugh since 2021.

District profile
The 86th District encompasses part of Juniata County and all of Perry County and includes the following areas:

Juniata County

Beale Township
Delaware Township
Fermanagh Township
Greenwood Township
Lack Township
Mifflin
Mifflintown
Milford Township
Port Royal
Spruce Hill Township
Susquehanna Township
Thompsontown
Turbett Township
Tuscarora Township
Walker Township

Perry County

Representatives

References

Government of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Government of Perry County, Pennsylvania
86


Manufacturing execution systems (MES) are computerized systems used in manufacturing to track and document the transformation of raw materials to finished goods. MES provides information that helps manufacturing decision-makers understand how current conditions on the plant floor can be optimized to improve production output. MES works as real-time monitoring system to enable the control of multiple elements of the production process (e.g. inputs, personnel, machines and support services).

MES may operate across multiple function areas, for example management of product definitions across the product life-cycle, resource scheduling, order execution and dispatch, production analysis and downtime management for overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), product quality, or materials track and trace. MES creates the "as-built" record, capturing the data, processes and outcomes of the manufacturing process.  This can be especially important in regulated industries, such as food and beverage or pharmaceutical, where documentation and proof of processes, events and actions may be required.

The idea of MES might be seen as an intermediate step between, on the one hand, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, and a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) or process control system on the other; although historically, exact boundaries have fluctuated. Industry groups such as MESA International - Manufacturing Enterprise Solutions Association - were created in the early 1990s to address the complexity, and advise on the execution of MES Systems.

Benefits
"Manufacturing Execution Systems [help] create flawless manufacturing processes and provide real-time feedback of requirement changes", and provide information at a single source. Other benefits from a successful MES implementation might include:
 Reduced waste, re-work and scrap, including quicker setup times
 More accurate capture of cost information (e.g. labour, scrap, downtime, and tooling)
 Increased uptime
 Incorporate paperless workflow activities
 Manufacturing operations traceability
 Decreases downtime and easy fault finding
 Reduced inventory, through the eradication of just-in-case inventory

MES
A wide variety of systems arose using collected data for a dedicated  purpose. Further development of these systems during the 1990s introduced overlap in functionality. Then the Manufacturing Enterprise Solutions Association International (MESA) introduced some structure by defining 11 functions that set the scope of MES. In 2000, the ANSI/ISA-95 standard merged this model with the Purdue Reference Model (PRM).

A functional hierarchy was defined in which MES were situated at Level 3 between ERP at Level 4 and process control at Levels 0, 1, 2. With the publication of the third part of the standard in 2005, activities in Level 3 were divided over four main operations: production, quality, logistics and maintenance.

Between 2005 and 2013, additional or revised parts of the ANSI/ISA-95 standard defined the architecture of an MES into more detail, covering how to internally distribute functionality and what information to exchange internally as well as externally.

Functional areas
Over the years, international standards and models have refined the scope of such systems in terms of activities.  These typically include:.
 Management of product definitions. This may include storage, version control and exchange with other systems of master data like product production rules, bill of material, bill of resources, process set points and recipe data all focused on defining how to make a product. Management of product definitions can be part of product lifecycle management.
 Management of resources. This may include registration, exchange and analysis of resource information, aiming to prepare and execute production orders with resources of the right capabilities and availability.
 Scheduling (production processes). These activities determine the production schedule as a collection of work orders to meet the production requirements, typically received from enterprise resource planning (ERP) or specialized advanced planning and scheduling systems, making optimal use of local resources.
 Dispatching production orders. Depending on the type of production processes this may include further distribution of batches, runs and work orders, issuing these to work centers and adjustment to unanticipated conditions.
 Execution of production orders. Although actual execution is done by process control systems, an MES may perform checks on resources and inform other systems about the progress of production processes.
 Collection of production data. This includes collection, storage and exchange of process data, equipment status, material lot information and production logs in either a data historian or relational database.
 Production performance analysis. Create useful information out of the raw collected data about the current status of production, like Work In Progress (WIP) overviews, and the production performance of the past period like the overall equipment effectiveness or any other performance indicator.
 Production track and trace. Registration and retrieval of related information in order to present a complete history of lots, orders or equipment (particularly important in health related productions, e.g. pharmaceuticals).

Relationship with other systems

MES integrates with ISA-95 (previous Purdue Reference Model, “95”) with multiple relationships.

Relationship with other Level 3 systems
The collection of systems acting on the ISA-95 Level 3 can be called manufacturing operations management systems (MOMS). Apart from an MES, there are typically laboratory information management system (LIMS), warehouse management system (WMS) and computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). From the MES point of view possible information flows are:
 To LIMS: quality test requests, sample lots, statistical process data
 From LIMS: quality test results, product certificates, testing progress
 To WMS: material resource requests, material definitions, product deliveries
 From WMS: material availability, staged material lots, product shipments
 To CMMS: equipment running data, equipment assignments, maintenance requests
 From CMMS: maintenance progress, equipment capabilities, maintenance schedule

Relationship with Level 4 systems
Examples of systems acting on ISA-95 Level 4 are product lifecycle management (PLM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM),  human resource management (HRM), and process development execution system (PDES). From the MES point of view, possible information flows are:
 To PLM: production test results
 From PLM: product definitions, bill of operations (routings), electronic work instructions, equipment settings
 To ERP: production performance results, produced and consumed material
 From ERP: production planning, order requirements
 To CRM: product tracking and tracing information
 From CRM: product complaints
 To HRM: personnel performance
 From HRM: personnel skills, personnel availability
 To PDES: production test and execution results
 From  PDES: manufacturing flow definitions, design of experiments (DoE) definitions

In many cases, middleware enterprise application integration (EAI) systems are being used to exchange transaction messages between MES and Level 4 systems. A common data definition, B2MML, has been defined within the ISA-95 standard to link MES systems to these Level 4 systems.

Relationship with Level 0, 1, 2 systems
Systems acting on ISA-95 Level 2 are supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), programmable logic controllers (PLC), distributed control systems (DCS) and building automation systems (BAS). Information flows between MES and these process control systems are roughly similar:
 To PLCs: work instructions, recipes, set points
 From PLCs: process values, alarms, adjusted set points, production results

Most MES systems include connectivity as part of their product offering. Direct communication of plant floor equipment data is established by connecting to the PLC. Often, plant floor data is first collected and diagnosed for real-time control in a DCS or SCADA system. In this case, the MES systems connect to these Level 2 systems for exchanging plant floor data.

Until recently, the industry standard for plant floor connectivity has been OLE for Process Control (OPC), but it is now moving to OPC Unified Architecture (OPC-UA); meaning that OPC-UA compatible systems will not necessarily run only on Microsoft Windows environment, but will also be able to run on Linux or other embedded systems, decreasing the cost of SCADA systems, and rendering them more open with robust security.

See also
 Enterprise control
 Enterprise integration
 Laboratory information system
 Manufacturing operations management
 Process development execution system
 Product lifecycle management
 Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture

References

Further reading

 MES Center Association, What is MES system

  MES Center Association, MES Center is a non-profit organization that provides information and trends to those who are interested in control and monitoring of production processes, detailed scheduling, production logistics, production quality management and maintenance from the perspective of MES / MOM information systems
 The Benefits of MES: A Report from the Field, Manufacturing Enterprise Solutions Association

 A Reference Model For Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Purdue Research Foundation, 1989
MES Center Association, MES system as an integration tool
 MES Engineer Support Community,

Information systems
MES software


"Sneakin' Suspicion" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood. It was recorded in 1977 and was the first track on their album, Sneakin' Suspicion, which was released in May that year. It was recorded at the Rockfield Studios and mixed at the Media Sounds Studios in New York.

"Sneakin' Suspicion" was also issued as a single in the United Kingdom in May 1977. It reached number 47 in the UK Singles Chart and spent three weeks in the listing. Written by Wilko Johnson and produced by Bert de Coteaux, it was Dr. Feelgood's first hit single. and the only hit single to feature Johnson, the other five all featuring Gypie Mayo.

The B-side of the record, "Lights Out", was written by Seth David and Mac Rebennack.

The track was Dr. Feelgood's first UK charted song but it was not their first single release. "Sneakin' Suspicion" was preceded by "Roxette" (November 1974), "She Does It Right" (March 1975), "Back in the Night" (July 1975) and "Roxette" (live) (September 1976). "Riot In Cell Block No. 9" (live) b/w "Johnny B. Goode" (live) was a free 7" single available with their September 1976 live album, Stupidity.

The sleeve shown is from the German release, as the UK release did not have a picture sleeve.

"Sneakin' Suspicion" was also later included in Dr. Feelgood's 1997's compilation album, Twenty Five Years of Dr. Feelgood.

References

External links

1977 singles
Music in Southend-on-Sea
Dr. Feelgood (band) songs
Songs written by Wilko Johnson
1977 songs
United Artists Records singles


WarioWare: Snapped! is a minigame compilation party video game developed by Nintendo SPD Group No.1 and Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DSi's DSiWare digital distribution service, and is part of the WarioWare series of video games. It is the sixth game in the series.

It is one of the first video games released for the DSiWare service in Japan, North America, and PAL regions. This is the first time that Wario has been featured for a console launch instead of Mario and one of two consecutive Wario Ware games for a handheld launch; the second being Wario Ware DIY being released during the DSi XL release in late March 2010.  It contains only a fraction of the mini-games featured in previous entries in the WarioWare series, and does not feature any boss stages. It stars five of the characters from the WarioWare series, including Wario, Mona, Jimmy T., and Kat & Ana.

Gameplay

WarioWare: Snapped! is set in a theme park. There are four sets of minigames – one featuring Wario, one featuring Mona, one featuring Jimmy T., and one featuring Kat & Ana. 2 sets were added by an update. It only has 20 minigames, a fraction of the minigames found in the average WarioWare title. This title also allows for more time to play the minigames. It uses the Nintendo DSi's built-in digital camera to make a silhouette of the player to use as a character in the microgames with the Nintendo DSi placed on a flat surface.

The player must put their head and hand to match head and hand outlines on the screen to make sure that the player is at an ideal distance from the DSi. Once the player keeps their pose for three seconds, the game begins. Before each minigame, the player must match their head and sometimes hand or hands with the silhouettes shown on the screen. Once the player gets into the pose, it proceeds to the minigame, and the player must move per what the minigame requires – for example, one minigame requires the player to dry a dog's fur by shaking their head back and forth. Kat & Ana's stages require two players.

At the end of the minigames, pictures of the player's movement are displayed in a slideshow unique to the character. For example, Mona's adds stuff to the player, Jimmy T's throws them into a comic strip, Kat & Ana have fighting practice, and Wario animates their actions. Footageplay antics also show up on the title screen afterwards.

Development

WarioWare: Snapped! was originally announced as Utsusu Made in Wario for the Japanese version of the DSiWare service in October 2008 upon the announcement of the Nintendo DSi. It was eventually released in Japan on December 24. The game was later released in North America on April 5, 2009 for the same platform. It was developed by Intelligent Systems under Nintendo SPD and published by Nintendo. Its designers included Naoko Mori, Goro Abe, and Taku Sugioka. The developers intended on making Snapped! a game that could be played and enjoyed by people who don't play games.

Due to his focus on the development of WarioWare D.I.Y., director Sugioka left the development of WarioWare: Snapped in Mori's hands. It was conceived when the idea of creating a WarioWare title that makes use of a camera, similar to DS Face Training for Adults, which Intelligent Systems was invited to the development of. The camera included with DS Face Training for Adults was used to make the Nintendo DSi Camera application before the Nintendo DSi hardware existed, and the developers used the camera to create a test model. Abe found the first test model to be strange. It involved players having to hold the Nintendo DSi in either hand and holding the opposite hand in front of the camera. To increase the game's processing speed, the developers made the hand appear on screen as a silhouette. A minigame was provided as an example of something that could be played with this model. In it, players had to cross a ravine, and to do so, they had to put their hands over the ravine to create a bridge for them to cross. When they began testing this model, they found that it was having trouble detecting the hand due to problems with the illumination. At times, shadows would form which the camera would detect by accident. To fix this, the developers laid a black mat underneath so shadows couldn't form. However, someone with a dark suntan would not be detected by the camera, as they would blend in with the mat. They considered a finger sleeve for the player's index finger, which would allow the camera to detect the person regardless of skin tone. They also used a glove at one point. Bundling the game with the finger sleeve and black mat was considered at one point, though Abe stated that it was bound to fail. They moved onto other models, including one that captured the player's feet on camera so that the player could hold the Nintendo DSi with two hands. They however were unsure it would make for good gameplay, thinking it would look weird. Another idea involved secretly taking a picture of someone's face who is standing in front of the Nintendo DSi and using the person's face in-game, such as sticking it up a nostril, but this also did not feel right. At this point, the developers focused on the inside camera of the DSi rather than the outside one, using it to capture the player's own face. The test model for this involved players setting the Nintendo DSi on a flat surface, which the developers found alright, but lacked the sense of speed the WarioWare series has. The catchphrase for this version was "WarioWare: Don't Touch?!".

The project was bogged down and teetering on the edge of an abyss when they were going to submit their final proposal. Mori ran into a programmer on her way home, who told her that the camera was actually running the whole time someone was playing the game, displaying a silhouette but also capturing the player in full detail. She thought that people would be happy to see that at the end, and they added it to the final proposal on the last day. The scenes replaying the players' actions were created as a way to make players say "You got me!" and as a neat way to play the game without touching the DSi. The developers thought that the idea was neat, and though games like it have been done before, they've been a little embarrassing. Due to this, the players' responses are "Oh, I see" as opposed to "Oh, this is interesting..." The proposal also mentioned that players could make funny faces while playing to add to this feature, which the developers sounded like a lot of fun. The developers went on a trip to Okinawa, Japan and took pictures using an underwater camera. While no one wanted to have their picture taken at first, people came to see what was going on. The developers found the psychology of this to be interesting, and it connected to WarioWare: Snapped!. The finale scenes were not implemented into the game yet, one developer commenting that if no one had implemented it, the project would have been cancelled. It couldn't implement it simply from a proposal, and had to make a working model first. When they tested it, they found it very fun, and decided to show it to Iwata as soon as possible. The response from other Intelligent Systems employees to this feature was positive, with people bursting out laughing. Sugioka commented that even the serious employees, practically "busted a gut laughing". While the developers designed the minigames, they also thought of what kinds of gestures would be good for resulting in funny videos. An example of a minigame is one in which players shake their heads from side to side. This was something people do not want others to see them do, and rarely are able to see themselves doing it, so they wanted to implement a game that involves this. They had people test the minigames, watching them as they played. Because some people do not enjoy having their pictures taken, they made it so that the game does not save images from game to game or when the system is closed. The guidelines for the Nintendo DSi were that if a picture is taken, the camera has to make a sound. However, if the game kept making a sound while players played it, it would interfere with the gameplay. The problem was addressed by erasing the videos and photos. If the player does not successfully complete a game, no photos will be taken. Abe stated that if it were a retail game, it may never have been released. Because a game must have a certain amount of content to justify being sold at retail, it was distributed through the DSiWare service for 500 points.

Reception

In IGN's Japanese DSiWare impressions, they commented that they found the camera not up to the task of making this game entertaining. They disliked that the player's head and hands are shown as silhouettes, and how difficult it was to get the right lighting. They also commented that even when the game works, that it's not fun. They criticized the minigames for giving the player a lot of time, saying that it loses the intensity of its predecessor as a result, which was praised for allowing the player to play them in short bursts. In Anoop Gantayat's impressions, he commented that because it shows himself in silhouette form, it's hard for him to tell the difference between his head and hand sometimes, and that the game often couldn't tell either. He said that he was not able to complete a full game of it because of this problem, and that the minigames weren't very fun anyway, suggesting that gamers save their yen. Tiny Cartridge found the "goofy microgames" to be enjoyable, as well as the slideshow at the end showing the player acting silly at the end of a set of minigames, but criticized it for having difficulty in getting the camera to work due to the lighting.

On the western market, it received very mixed reviews. GameRankings calculate an average of 51%, based on 14 reviews. GameSpot gave a "poor" 4 out of 10, criticizing the number of minigames and the sensitivity of the camera, ending the review by saying that "you can get much better value from your 500 Nintendo points than spending them on Snapped". IGN on the other hand gave a more positive review, 7.8 out of 10, praising the fun of the minigames, but saying that the lack of saving feature to the pictures taken on the game is a weak point of it, while also criticizing the camera.

Notes

References

External links
 Official Chinese website
 Official German website
 Official North American website

2008 video games
DSiWare games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set in amusement parks
WarioWare
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Party video games
Intelligent Systems games
Nintendo DSi games


This is a list of rivers in Zambia. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name.

Atlantic Ocean
Lake Tanganyika
Lufubu River
Kalambo River
Luvua River (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Kalungwishi River
Luangwa River
Luapula River
Mbereshi River
Luongo River
Lwela River
Luombwa River
Chambeshi River
Lukulu River
Lwombe River

Indian Ocean
Zambezi River
Luia River (Mozambique)
Capoche River
Luangwa River
Lunsemfwa River
Lukasashi River
Mulungushi River
Lupande River
Lundazi River
Chongwe River
Kafue River
Lufupa River
Lunga River
Luswishi River
Kalomo River
Machili River
Cuando River
Njoko River
Lumbe River
Lui River
Luete River
Luanginga River
Luena River
Lungwebungu River
Kabompo River
Dongwe River
Lalafuta River
Musondweji River
Maninga River
West Lunga River
Mwafwe River
Sakeji River

Lake Rukwa
Momba River (Tanzania)
Saisi River
Lumi River

See also
Water transport in Zambia

References
Prentice-Hall, Inc., American World Atlas 1985
United Nations 2004
GEOnet Names Server

Zambia
Rivers


Alfred George 'Alfie' Biggs (8 February 1936 – 20 April 2012) was an English professional footballer, who spent the vast majority of his career at Bristol Rovers.

Biggs grew up as one of eight children in the Knowle West area of Bristol where he attended Ilminster Avenue and Connaught Road schools.

Nicknamed "The Baron" Biggs played as a forward who scored a total of 211 goals in The Football League. He began his career at Bristol Rovers, starting out as a junior at the club before progressing to the first team in 1953 at the age of seventeen. He played for the club for eight years before heading north to play for Preston North End for a single season. He returned to his home city of Bristol in 1962 for a further six years. His final season as a professional footballer was 1968–69, during which he spent time with Bristol Rovers, Walsall and Swansea Town. After this he dropped out of the league to play for Taunton Town.

Biggs died at the age 76 at his home in Poole, Dorset.

On 19 March 2021, Biggs became the fourth player to be inducted into the newly created Bristol Rovers Hall of Fame.

Sources

References

1936 births
2012 deaths
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
English Football League players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Taunton Town F.C. players
Footballers from Bristol


Latin Lover is the fifth album by Gianna Nannini. It was released in 1982

It is the first album made in collaboration with the German producer Conny Plank, and features prominent guest musicians such as Annie Lennox, Jaki Liebezeit and Annette Humpe. It performed well all around Europe, eventually becoming Gold in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and Platinum in Italy. It was also distributed in Israel, Mexico, Paraguay, South Korea, and North America. In October of the same year, Nannini performed at the Rockpalast Essen stage alongside Kid Creole & The Coconuts and Little Steven.
Two songs from the album, "Vieni Ragazzo" and "Come un Treno", were used by Michelangelo Antonioni for the soundtrack of his film "Identificazione di una donna".

Track listing
"Primadonna" (M. Paoluzzi - Gianna Nannini) – 3:47
"Wagon-Lits" (Gianna Nannini - M. Paoluzzi/Gianna Nannini) – 4:10
"Ragazzo Dell'Europa" (Gianna Nannini) – 3:34
"Latin Lover" (Gianna Nannini - M. Paoluzzi/Gianna Nannini) - 4:35
"Fumetto" (Gianna Nannini) – 3:30
"Carillon" (Gianna Nannini) – 4:05
"Amore Amore" (Gianna Nannini) – 4:13
"Volo 5/4" (Gianna Nannini) - 4:20

Personnel
Gianna Nannini – Vocals, piano, violin
Hans Bäär – Bass, keyboards
Rüdiger Braune – Drums
Conny Plank – Drums, programming
Rudy Spinello – Guitar
Jaki Liebezeit – Drums
Mauro Pagani – Mandoline, violin
Mauro Paoluzzi – Guitar
Annie Lennox – Piano
Annette Humpe – Piano
The Wolperats – Backing vocals
Production: Conny Plank, Gianna Nannini

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links
 Gianna Nannini homepage

1982 albums
Gianna Nannini albums
Albums produced by Conny Plank


Per Oscar Swartz (December 1, 1959) is a Swedish entrepreneur, writer and blogger.

Oscar Swartz was born in Solna, Stockholm County. He is the great-grandson of the former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Swartz, and a second cousin of the publisher Eva Swartz and the journalist Richard Swartz. He has a doctorate in economics and managerial economics from the Stockholm School of Economics. In 1994 he founded Bahnhof, the first independent Internet service provider in Sweden. He left the company in 2004 after some internal disputes.

Since July 2005 he runs the blog Texplorer where he covers issues such as information technology, freedom and integrity on the Internet, file sharing and intellectual property. He has authored two reports, published by the Swedish liberal free market think tank Timbro, on these issues. He is a member of the Swedish Pirate Party.

Swartz is openly gay. In 1995 he co-founded the magazine QX, which is today the largest magazine for LGBT people in Scandinavia.

References

External links
 Oscar Swartz – Texplorer, blog

1959 births
Living people
Swedish gay writers
Writers from Stockholm
Stockholm School of Economics alumni
Swedish male bloggers
Swedish businesspeople
Swedish political writers
Pirate Party (Sweden) politicians


This is a list of lakes in Zambia.

Lake Bangweulu
Lake Kariba
Lake Kashiba
Lake Ishiba Ng'andu
Mofwe Lagoon
Lake Mweru
Lake Mweru Wantipa
Lake Tanganyika
 Rift Valley lakes

Lakes

Zambia


This is a list of waterfalls in Zambia.
 Chavuma Falls
 Kabwelume Falls
 Kalambo Falls
 Lumangwe Falls
 Ngonye Falls
 Ntumbachushi Falls
 Victoria Falls
 Kudabwika Falls
 Mumbuluma Falls
 Mutumuna Falls
 Kabweluma Falls
 Chilambwe Falls
 Fwaka Falls
 Chimpepe Falls
 Chishimba Falls
 Chimpolo Falls
 Kundalila Falls
 Nyambwezi Falls
 Mpwasha Falls
 Nalupembe Falls
 Lufubu Falls

See also

 Tourism in Zambia

Zambia
Waterfalls


The 87th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Thomas Kutz since 2023.

District profile
The 87th District is located in Cumberland County and includes the following areas:

Lower Allen Township (part)
Precinct 02
Monroe Township
Mount Holly Springs
Silver Spring Township
South Middleton Township (part)
Precinct 01
Precinct 02
Precinct 06
Precinct 07
Precinct 08
Precinct 09
Upper Allen Township

Representatives

Recent election results

References

Government of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
87


Howard William Corning (April 17, 1879 – September 29, 1924) was a cattle farmer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Yarmouth County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1911 to 1916 and from 1920 to 1924 as a Liberal-Conservative member. He was house leader of the party from 1921 until his death in 1924.

He was born in Chegoggin, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, the son of William Corning and Hannah Hibbard. In 1901, he married Eleanor Gertrude Churchill. He served as president of the Nova Scotia Farmers' Association in 1913 and 1914 and was also secretary for the Guernsey Breeders' Association.

References
 Allison, D & Tuck, CE History of Nova Scotia, Vol. 3 (1916) p. 147-9

1879 births
1924 deaths
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
People from Yarmouth County


Otto von Feldmann (6 August 1873, Berlin – 20 May 1945) was a German military officer and politician.

Feldmann attended the Royal Grammar School in Bydgoszcz, the Kaiser-Wilhelm-and Ratsgymnasium Hanover, the Kadettenvoranstalt in Potsdam and the Military Academy Gross-Lichterfelde near Berlin. By 1907 he served in the German General Staff. From 1910 to 1912 he served as company commander in the 5th Grenadier Regiment, then again in the General Staff.

In 1913, Feldmann switched to Turkish service as part of the German military mission in the Ottoman Empire. There he was first a department head in the General Staff, then Chief of Staff of the First Army and finally, as Feldmann Pasha, Chief of the Operations Department in the Turkish Supreme Army Command. In this position, he participated in the Armenian genocide. Together with General Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf, he was with the Turkish Minister of War, Enver Pasha, almost every day and coordinated with him. Feldmann once commented on this: "But it should not and must not be denied that German officers - and I am one of them myself - were forced to give their advice at certain times to free certain areas in the rear of the army from Armenians."

References

1873 births
1945 deaths
Armenian genocide perpetrators
Politicians from Berlin
Imperial German collusion with war crimes by the Ottoman Empire
German National People's Party politicians
Alldeutscher Verband members
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
German Army personnel of World War I
Ottoman military personnel of World War I
Jauch family
Military personnel from Berlin
People from the Province of Brandenburg
Prussian Army personnel
Pashas


Minia  may refer to:
Munia (also called a "minia"), a bird of the genus Lonchura
Minya, Egypt, a city in Egypt
Minya Governorate, a governorate in Egypt
Miniya, translation of minnie in magadhi

See also
Minya (disambiguation)


José Reyes Estrada Ferriz (born 23 July 1961 in Chihuahua, Chihuahua) is a Mexican politician, affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the municipal president of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, from 2007 to 2010.

José Reyes Ferriz is the son of  José Reyes Estrada Aguirre, who also served as Municipal President of Ciudad Juárez from 1980 to 1983. Reyes Ferriz is a law graduate from the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez and has a master's degree from the University of Notre Dame Law School in the United States. He has been a member of the PRI since 1984.

In 2001, following the cancellation of the local election in Ciudad Juárez, the Congress of Chihuahua appointed him to serve as the municipal president on an interim basis until a special election could be held.
In 2004, Governor José Reyes Baeza Terrazas put him in charge of revenue collection in Ciudad Juárez, a position he left in 2007 to seek the PRI's candidacy for the 2007 municipal presidential election.

On 22 April 2007, Reyes Ferriz was selected as the PRI's candidate for mayor of Juárez, and on 1 July 2007 he was elected to serve as Juárez's municipal president for the 2007–10 period.

Reyes Ferriz has been brought into the national and international spotlight as drug-related violence on the Mexican–American border has escalated in 2008 and 2009. Ciudad Juárez is directly across the border from El Paso, Texas, and has been called "The Most Dangerous City in the Americas".

References

Living people
1961 births
Municipal presidents of Juárez
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
University of Notre Dame alumni
Notre Dame Law School alumni
21st-century Mexican politicians
Politicians from Chihuahua (state)
People from Chihuahua City
Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez alumni


Terry Hanson (born June 16, 1947) is a retired American radio personality of the John Boy and Billy Big Show, a nationally syndicated radio show.  He was the first head of the Turner Broadcasting Sports and a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) National Men's Soccer Coach of the Year.  He has also owned and operated the Charlotte, North Carolina-based Hanson Enterprises since 1994, where he was a consultant for ESPN, Executive Search Firm, Sports Leagues, organizations and also  contract negotiations for a number of Television and Radio Announcers and Talent.

Biography
Hanson was born in East St. Louis, Illinois, on June 16, 1947. He earned a bachelor's degree in education from St. Benedict's College (now Benedictine College) in Atchison, Kansas, in 1968; two years later, in 1970, Hanson earned his master's degree in education from Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, where he also was an Assistant Baseball Coach. After this, he began his professional career at Benedictine College in Atchison, Kansas, where he was the head coach in both soccer and baseball, and he was named the National Soccer Coach of the Year in 1974 by the NAIA.

Hanson spent four summers as an associate scout for two major league baseball teams: the Philadelphia Phillies and the San Diego Padres. He also spent five seasons as a senior executive for three North American Soccer League (1968–1984) teams: the Rochester Lancers, the Washington Diplomats, and the Atlanta Chiefs.

From 1980 to 1984, Hanson worked as a Turner Sports Vice President. In 1982, Hanson, Robert Wussler, and Russ Potts successfully outbid CBS to air what was dubbed "The Game of the Decade" on Turner Network Television—a college basketball game pitting The University of Virginia against the Georgetown Hoyas in a matchup which featured the two biggest stars in college basketball at the time, Ralph Sampson and Patrick Ewing. This was an important step for sports broadcasting on cable television, as high-profile sporting event broadcasts had always been featured on major networks prior to this. it was also the first use of the name "Turner Network Television" (or TNT). Hanson was also responsible for other programming properties, acquisitions and ongoing  management  accomplishments for TBS Sports, namely: Atlanta Braves, Atlanta Hawks, inaugural NCAA College Football prime time package, entrees  into the NBA, NASCAR, NASL, SEC Football, College Basketball, PGA Tour, Various Sports Documentaries and  New Studio Programming.

In an article in The Sporting News in May 2017, there is an article outlining the genesis of Ted Turner's idea to have Hanson and Robert Wussler create a four-hour baseball documentary on what typically happens during any baseball season. This Emmy and Ace Award-winning documentary followed the 1982 season of the Turner-owned Atlanta Braves. It was entitled  “It’s A Long Way to October” and was narrated by legendary baseball announcer Red Barber, produced by Glenn Diamond and Hanson was the Executive Producer.

From 1984 to 1991, Hanson was PGA Tour Vice President of Communications and Broadcasting and President of PGA Tour Productions. He also negotiated contracts for major network television golf coverage and oversaw the Public Relations Department.

Hanson was hired in 1991 as President of the Raycom Sports events division, which included the Blockbuster Bowl college football event and the Diet Pepsi Tournament of Champions, later titled by Harris Teeter, Food Lion and Hardee's, which was a high-profile college basketball tournament.

While with Hanson Enterprises, Terry and John Feinstein, long time friend and renowned sports author, commissioned a screen play of his best seller: Caddy For Life: The Bruce Edwards Story.  Hanson engaged The William Morris Agency, in conjunction with Matt Damon's and Ben Affleck's production company, LivePlanet. The work was eventually produced in documentary format for the Golf Channel.

Since 2007, Hanson was a regular ensemble member on the regionally syndicated radio morning show, The John Boy and Billy Big Show.    He has also done television color analyst work in college basketball and professional soccer.

Medical intervention
In 2005, Charlotte Observer writer Michael Gordon wrote an article titled, “Life, Death and Terry Hanson.” In the article, Gordon documents four separate times in Hanson's life when he was in the right place at the right time to come to a person's rescue:

1970—While Hanson was the baseball and soccer coach at St. Benedict's College in Atchison, Kansas, he performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on a retired Army officer, who had collapsed in front of Hanson's office.  At the age of 23, Hanson was unable to save his life.
1972—Hanson's friend, Ed Ireland, went missing on a Saturday night after closing the Knights of Columbus in Atchison, Kan with Hanson and friend Richard Dyer.  The following Monday, Hanson, Dyer and Ireland's brother went searching for their friend.  They stopped at every skid mark on a 20-mile stretch of highway.  By a stroke of luck, Dyer slipped down an embankment and spotted Ireland pinned underneath his car in the mud.
1991—Lloyd Cox, 86 at the time, collapsed at a baseball game.  Nearby, Hanson rushed over and performed CPR on Cox for ten minutes.  Afterward a paramedic told onlookers had Hanson not stepped into action, they would have watched Cox die.
2005—Hanson was at a lunch meeting with friend Andy Abdow, when Abdow collapsed at the restaurant from a heart attack.  Hanson performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation while two other men assisted; Abdow was later stabilized by repeated shocks from a defibrillator at a hospital where he stayed for 15 days.

Retired
In January 2020, he and his wife, Patti, retired to Eureka, Mo, a suburb of their native St Louis, to be near their children and grandchildren.

In December 2021, Hanson had a cornea transplant at Washington University to repair a long-standing eye issue called Keratoconus.

In May 2022 he was inducted into the St Louis Sports Hall of Fame in the category of Sports Administration.

On September, 2022 Dan Caesar, sports media writer for the St Louis Post-Dispatch, quoted Hanson on the national telecast of St Louis Cardinals Albert Pujols hitting his 700th career Home Run. He was very critical of Major League Baseball airing that game exclusively on an Apple TV Friday Night Game of the Week. Hanson cited his disappointment that the exclusive telecast could not be seen by numerous Cardinals viewers who were not able to access the fee-based Apple TV app.

References

1947 births
Living people
Benedictine Ravens baseball coaches
Benedictine College alumni
College men's soccer coaches in the United States
Southeast Missouri State University alumni
Sportspeople from East St. Louis, Illinois
American soccer coaches
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) commentators


Hasan Izzet Pasha (Turkish: Hasan İzzet Paşa, Hasan İzzet Arolat, 1871; Constantinople (Istanbul) – 3 March 1931) was a Turkish general of the Ottoman Empire.

Early life

Hasan Izzet Born in a family of Turkish origin1871 to mother Süreyya Hanım, and father Ali Muhsin Pasha in Aksaray neighborhood of Istanbul.

He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy (Mekteb-i Füsûn-u Harbiyye-i Şâhâne) in 1890 and the Staff College (Mekteb-i Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Şâhâne, present day: Harp Akademisi) on 23 March 1893 as a Staff Captain (Erkân-ı Harp Yüzbaşısı).

Military career

He was appointed to the fourth department of the General Staff by the order of Sultan Abdul Hamid II on 14 April 1894. On 7 May 1895, he was promoted to the rank of Senior Captain (Kolağası) and on 12 May 1895, he participated in the military staff excursion to Üsküp (present day: Skopje). On 29 October 1896, he was assigned to the War Academy.

1897 Greco-Turkish War

On 21 April 1897, he was promoted to the rank of Major (Binbaşı) and assigned service in the Alasonya Army (Alasonya Ordusu), a field army will attack Elassona area. During the 1897 Greco-Turkish War, he was assigned to the 2nd Neşet Bey Division (İkinci Neşet Bey Fırkası) and took part in the Battle of Domokos (Dömeke Muharebesi). On 17 July 1897, he was called back to Istanbul and appointed in the commander of the Greek Border.

Interwar period

He was appointed to the inspector of examination of Edirne Military High School (Edirne Askerî İdadisi) on 30 November 1897, and appointed to the teacher of tactics (Artillery, Cavalry, Infantry) of the War Academy on 21 March 1898. He had been in Damascus for the inspection and examination of the Damascus Military High School (Şam Askerî İdadisi). He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel (Kaymakam) on 2 October 1900, to the rank of colonel (Miralay) on 23 April 1905. He was appointed to the fourth department of the General Staff on 26 March 1906.

He went to Romania to observe a military exercise and awarded with a 2nd class order by the Romanian government on 4 August 1907. On 25 June 1908, he was appointed as the member of the military tribunal that was established because of some important affairs. Then he was appointed as the commander of the 17th Division stationed in Siroz (Serez, present day: Serres).

31 March Incident

After the 31 March Incident, he was commissioned commander as the commander of the Provisional Division of the Action Army in 1909. On 2 July 1911, he was appointed to the commander of the 1st Division under the command of the I Corps.

Balkan Wars

During the First Balkan War, he went to Babaeski and was appointed the commander of the 9th Division by the order of the Eastern Army (Şark Ordusu). He took part in battles at Petra (present day: Kayalı village in the central district of Kırklareli Province) on 9–10 October 1912 and Taştabya, Vize and Çatalca. He was promoted to the rank of Mirliva on 19 December 1912. On 21 January 1913, he was appointed the commander of the I Corps (part of the left wing of the Çatalca Army) by proxy. And then he was appointed the commander of the 18th Division on 6 March 1913.

During the Second Balkan War, he commanded the II Corps under the Çatalca Army commanded directly by Ahmet Izzet Pasha and took part in the advance to Adrianople. After the armistice, on 24 December 1913, he was appointed as the commander of the III Corps.

World War

After the 1914 mobilization of World War I, Sultan Mehmed V asked him to be the commander of the Third Army. He was the commander during Bergmann Offensive. He feared in the background of the ill and rapid changes in the Army leadership during the preparations for the Battle of Sarikamish. He also opposed Enver Pasha to attack prematurely during Battle of Sarikamish. He gave his post as commander of the Third Army on 18 December 1914. He later participated in the Turkish War of Independence where he fought on the western front against the Greeks.

Medals and decorations

 Order of the Medjidie 5th classe (8 September 1894)
 Order of the Osmanî 4th classe (18 September 1899)
 Golden Medal of Liakat (1900)
 Rumanian Order, 2nd class (4 August 1907)
 Order of the Medjidie 4th class (21 December 1909)
 Bulgarian Order (1910) (verliehen von Ferdinand I. während seines Istanbul Besuches)

Military ranks

 Captain (Yüzbaşı), 24 March 1893
 Senior Captain (Kolağası), 7 May 1895
 Major (Binbaşı), 21 April 1897
 Lieutenant colonel (Kaymakam), 2 October 1900
 Colonel (Miralay), 23 April 1905
 Mirliva, 19 December 1912
 Ferik, 1 October 1915

Sources

Bibliography

The Encyclopædia Britannica: Vol XXXII, 1922, by Hugh Chisholm, page 803.

External links
 Hasan İzzet Paşa (Arolat), Turkey in the First World War.

1871 births
1931 deaths
Military personnel from Istanbul
Ottoman Military Academy alumni
Ottoman Military College alumni
Ottoman Army generals
Pashas
Ottoman military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897)
Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Ottoman military personnel of World War I
Turks from the Ottoman Empire


The 1991 Sicilian regional election was held on 16 June 1991.

Christian Democracy resulted by far the largest party, while the Italian Socialist Party came second. These two parties continued to govern the Region at the head of different coalitions which comprised in different times the Democratic Party of the Left, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Liberal Party.

Results

Sources: Istituto Cattaneo and Sicilian Regional Assembly

1991 elections in Italy
Elections in Sicily
June 1991 events in Europe


First Into Nagasaki: The Censored Eyewitness Dispatches on Post-Atomic Japan and Its Prisoners of War is a collection of reports by Chicago Daily News foreign correspondent George Weller. Originally written in 1945, but not approved for publication by Gen. Douglas MacArthur's military censors. The reports were collected and edited by the author's son Anthony Weller, and published for the first time in 2006.

Synopsis

The Occupation authorities declared Nagasaki (and Hiroshima) off-limits to reporters.

Weller reports that he was the first outside observer to reach Nagasaki, on September 6, 1945, four weeks following the U.S. atomic bombing of the city.  He spent a total of three weeks in Nagasaki and in the nearby Allied P.O.W. camps — some of which he "opened", and revisits the series of news reports he published at the time about his experiences.

The first dispatches by non-Japanese reporters were filed by Associated Press correspondent Vern Haugland and New York Times Lawrence who visited Nagasaki September 9, 1945. Captain Joe Snyder, press officer with MacArthur headquarters, in his book Para(graph) Trooper For MacArthur: From the Horse Cavalry to the USS Missouri 1997 Chapter 16 "Nagasaki Inferno" pp199–209 describes "boarding a transport plane packed with reporters headed for Nagasaki.[for example: photographers 1. see Google image search Nagasaki Bernard Hoffman (LIFE Magazine) 2. Bettmann/CORBIS September 13, 1945 Stanley Troutman (Acme war pool) 3. Nagasaki and verso]Other officers and correspondents headed for Hiroshima about the same time, so the world would soon know more than it was prepared to digest about the horrors of the atomic bomb. ... I toured the city with the AP's Jim Hutcheson, among others. He and I had become good friends since our narrow escape on Corregidor. ... There were thousands of stories in Nagasaki and our group saw many pitiful sights of people with radiation burns who, in dreadful agony, were slowly dying. The first thing Japanese doctors asked was if American doctors had a cure for the bomb's effects on the human body. ... We received a report from GHQ that American doctors were coming to Nagasaki soon...." Snyder acknowledges what he calls Wilfrid Burchett's "ingenuity" in successfully reporting from Hiroshima. Snyder does not mention George Weller or any dispatches of George Weller's from Nagasaki. Joe Snyder [1983; owner and editor of the North Missourian] and Walter Cronkite [1964; CBS] are both recipients of the Missouri School of Journalism Honor Medal.

From the first days of the Occupation reporters were cleared to cover freeing and rescue operations on behalf of these prisoners. Weller comments: "What the command wanted covered was the prison camps of northern Japan. The dam was to be opened to one last orgy of home town stories, more mindless and more alike than the slow molasses drippings of four years of sloppy, apolitical, dear-mom war....I did not feel that the right way to end this war was to...chew more fodder about what-beasts-the-Japs-are and Jimmy-looks-skinnier-today."

The U.S. military in Tokyo censored approximately 55,000 words of his dispatches, along with more than 100 photographs.

However, Weller does not refer to governmental censorship of any photographs of his related to Nagasaki.

On January 7, 2009 the Telegraph published Nagasaki photographs dated September 5, 1945: "After we asked readers for stories and photographs relating to Britain at War, we received these fascinating photographs of Nagasaki and Hiroshima from Cecil A. Creber, who took them less than a month [Nagasaki = September 5, 1945] after the atom bombs were dropped on both cities [August 6 and 9 1945]." The Linlithgow Gazette November 28, 2008 "Amazing atomic aftermath pics set for key war archives" features a photo of Creber captioned "Life through a lens: Cecil with his faithful Ensign box camera."

On February 13, 2010 Mainichi published "New color footage of Nagasaki A-bomb devastation shows need for greater research resources" plus a 01/05/2010 Photo Special [film circa September 11, 1945 found at the United States National Archives in Washington D.C. by Professor Burke-Gaffney].

Weller writes these correspondents "looked like yacht passengers who have stopped to buy basketry on an island." He writes that Colonel McCrary "offered to take carbons of my stories and file them when airborne." The reporters under McCrary's leadership were not subject to censorship, making their dispatches especially valuable. Weller writes: "I refused." "How could I close up my atomic laboratory, with the work only half finished?"...and concludes with the explanation that his refusal is because he wanted to write "something free, big and formal....something ample, leisurely and magnificent." [First into Nagasaki page 19-20]

Haugland of The Associated Press states: "We offered Weller a ride back to Tokyo with us,...."[see Haugland infra p. 20] Weller describes a feeling of "hopelessness" about his dispatches because the Kempeitai to whom he claims to have entrusted the stories had "returned to Nagasaki, but they had no message for me."[First into Nagasaki page 21] Weller, although working as a reporter for a daily publication, chose to refuse an offered opportunity either to timely send his Nagasaki dispatches uncensored from the aircraft or alternatively to confront the Occupation censorship directly by filing in Tokyo, despite writing: "I wanted to be prepared to defend every line. If the stories were blocked as reprisal against me, I intended to take the case to MacArthur himself."[First into Nagasaki page 18]

Weller traveled to Nagasaki from Kanoya airbase with Sergeant Gilbert Harrison. Harrison's career later included: Chairman of the American Veterans Committee; editor and publisher of The New Republic magazine; author of several books. In Harrison's memoir [Parts of a Past iUniverse June 2009 pages 81–2] he describes carrying George Weller's Nagasaki reporting from an airstrip outside Nagasaki to the Chicago Daily News in Tokyo:

A Boston Globe article by Gerald R. Thorp of the Chicago Daily News "TOKYO, Sept. 10(CDN) 'New Brand of Jap to Him!'" indicates that Harrison was by September 10, 1945 accompanying correspondents in Tokyo.

The first dispatch presented in First into Nagasaki (see page 25 and photos on cover and back inside endpaper) is datelined Nagasaki September 6 and reads: ..."After a 24-hour trip on what seemed like dozens of trains, the writer arrived here this afternoon as the first visitor from the outside Allied world." On September 6 the Chicago Daily News printed a dispatch under Weller's byline datelined Kanoya, which begins:

The remainder of Weller's dispatch consists of a series of direct quotations from men of this medical corps with names, addresses, and photographs (these last are not from in Japan but are formal military portraits). Samples:

After the September 6 dispatch from Kanoya, Weller's next dispatch was printed on September 12 with an "Ōmuta, Kyushu" dateline (Omuta was a prisoner of war camp approximately 100 miles by railroad from Nagasaki and twice that from Kanoya. Headlined "New Saga of Boldness For Wermuth as Captive" it is an account of the famous "One-Man-Army" Captain Arthur W. Wermuth continuing his leadership as a POW on a Hellship carrying prisoners to Japan.

Photographs

The photograph in First into Nagasaki facing the Introduction by Anthony Weller xv is captioned "George Weller (r.) with Admiral Chester Nimitz on board the U.S.S. Missouri for the treaty signing, Tokyo Bay, September 2, 1945." This caption is incorrect since the figure on the left of the picture is not Fleet Admiral Nimitz, the signer as United States Representative of the proceedings' documents. In all still images and moving pictures of the Japanese surrender ceremony Nimitz is seen wearing Navy cap with full "scrambled eggs" denoting his five-star rank. The personage in the photograph appears to be John Knight, publisher of the Chicago Daily News, who was in attendance on the USS Missouri as a guest of the Secretary of the Navy.

With reference to this photograph supra presented in First into Nagasaki, the Battleship Missouri Memorial at Pearl Harbor: "can confirm that the individual pictured to the left in the photograph is not Fleet Admiral Nimitz." http://www.ussmissouri.org

George Weller was actually photographed with a prominent naval figure Hiram Cassidy[sic] by the Associated Press on March 25, 1943 AP Images ID 4303250106. The picture was taken just before Weller's letter to the Foreign Editor of the Chicago Daily News quoted in Weller's War pp355–6. At left is Commander Hiram Cassedy[correct spelling], then Captain of Searaven, hero of several submarine engagements in South-west Pacific (Submarine Operations in World War II US Naval Institute Eight Printing December 1965 pages 104,193-4,233,463). At right is George Weller wearing British-type tropical uniform of shorts and knee socks. Cassedy (later Admiral) commanding Tigrone went on to lead a submarine group "Hiram's Hecklers" and also to hold the Pacific record for "lifeguard" duty (with 31 rescues; Ibid. pp 471–3).

The Chicago Daily News September 8, 1945 printed prominently two photographs credited 'Associated Press Wirephoto' showing one American foreign correspondent amidst an obliterated surrounding former city. These photographs feature in the background what has become the widely recognized symbol for the atom bombs dropped on Japan, the shell of a pre-war structure which has been preserved as it looked then. Now commonly referred to as "A-Bomb Dome" it is on the UNESCO World Heritage List registered as "Hiroshima Peace Memorial." The CDN 1945 captions read:
"An Allied war correspondent looks over the twisted steel and masonry in what was the city of Hiroshima before it was struck by an atomic bomb."
"No show tonight. An Allied war correspondent stands in a sea of rubble, looking at the remains of what once was a Hiroshima movie theatre." [Nagasaki photographs (Associated Press: Stanley Troutman; creation date September 13, 1945) in database AP Images (available through libraries).]

Photographs of Nagasaki had already been printed September 1, 1945. Caption: "Nagasaki Today - Japanese workers (foreground) carry away debris in a devastated area of atom-bombed Nagasaki. Smokestacks and a lone building stand in the background. This picture is from Domei, official Jap news agency." Transmission credit is to Associated Press Wirephoto.

Photographs published in First into Nagasaki in 2006 already had appeared in the Chicago Daily News in 1945. [emphasis added]
Exhibit A: subject: George Weller and Logan Kay; source + locator: First into Nagasaki page 146 (example #1), book jacket front cover (example #2), jacket spine (example #3) = Chicago Daily News October 18, 1945 'Part II - Wake Ghosts' Diary: Navy's Return Raises False Hopes ships shell and leave, so 'Crusoes' give up' Caption: Memento of Terror—Logan "Scotty" Kay, Clearlake Park, Calif., one of the "ghosts" of Wake Island, who hid from the Japs for 77 days, shows George Weller (left) of the Chicago Daily News Foreign Service, a helmet bearing the names of many men who died on Wake and at a prison camp in Japan. /
Exhibit B: subject: George Weller and James Jordan; source + locator: First into Nagasaki between pages 176 and 177 (14 of 18) = example #1: Chicago Daily News November 20, 1945 'Chapter Ten Death Cruise: Thirst Kills Yanks' Caption: 'He Could Take It—Thirty-three years in the Marines made Sgt.Maj. James J. Jordan (right) tough enough to survive the "cruise of death" to Japan. Here he is telling his story to George Weller of the Daily News Foreign Service. Asked for his home address the veteran said "the Halls of Montezuma, or, for an alternative, "the Shores of Tripoli."' [punctuation sic] example #2: Chicago Daily News April 10, 1964 Caption: 'Correspondent Weller chats with a released PW in camp near Nagasaki in 1945.'

Newspaper prints of Weller's stories

The Los Angeles Times on September 16, 1945 published a front page article "By George Weller Chicago Daily News Foreign Service Nagasaki. (Delayed) U.S. Prisoner Sees A-Bomb Rip Nagasaki." Substantial portions of this Los Angeles Times September 16, 1945 published article are contained in two dispatches in First into Nagasaki: 1. First Dispatch September 6, 1945 2300 pages 25–7; 2. Fifth Dispatch September 8, 1945 0300 pages 35–6. Both these dispatches are part of a group of eight dispatches (pages 25–45) which are described in First into Nagasaki as never published. The Los Angeles Times page one article of September 16, 1945 with its sub-headline "Witnesses Describe Parachutes Falling and Searing Blast" includes Weller's interviews with Captain Farley, POWs Bridgman and King, and Dutch doctor Vink (all in Dispatch #5) and Weller's interview with the Japanese lieutenant, aide to the district's commander (Dispatch #1). The Los Angeles Times article has the following introductory paragraph: "The following story, delayed by censorship, is an eyewitness account by an American observer of the results of the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki and includes the stories of men on the ground who saw the bomb fall."

The Boston Evening Globe on September 15, 1945 published a page one article "By George Weller Nagasaki" with bold all caps headline "American Saw Atom Bomb Hit Nagasaki" using content described as "unpublished" [page 24 First into Nagasaki] and at the end of the article "Continued on Page 2" is the following: "(Copyright, 1945, by the Boston Globe and Chicago Daily News.)". Text from Dispatch #6 and Dispatch #1 is used (example: "Walk in Nagasaki's streets today and you walk in ruins." This is the first line of Dispatch #1). Weller's interview with the Japanese lieutenant (Dispatch #1) is used in the Boston Evening Globe article as is Weller's interview with Captain Farley (Dispatch #5), and Weller's interview with Dr. Nakashima (Dispatch #8). Quoted statements by ex-POWs Bridgman and King (Dispatch #5) are in this Boston Evening Globe article, which covers both Japanese and Allied observers' eyewitness accounts of the bomb as well as Dr. Nakashima's description of the bomb's medical symptoms. The Boston article reads: "However, about 70 percent of deaths have been from plain burns." (Dispatch #6). The New York Post on September 15, 1945 published an article by George Weller headlined "U.S. Prisoners Held at Nagasaki Describe Terrors of Atom Blast" using the same line of text as the Boston article (Dispatch #1), death statistics (Dispatch #3) and re-located position of POW camp (Dispatch #4). The New York article includes Weller's interviews with Captain Farley, Dr. Vink, Harold Bridgman, and Fred King (Dispatch #5). The article concludes with the bomb's "peculiar 'disease'" (Dispatch #8).

The Miami Herald on September 18, 1945 published an article "By George Weller Miami Herald-Chicago Daily News Wire" headlined: "American Tells of Being Atomic Bombed" with quote above: "'I Hit the Ground...Building Began To Quiver'". In this article are quotations and statistical data from Dispatch #3 "The known dead number 20,000, Jap police tell me, and they estimate about 4,000 bodies remain to be found" along with "The wounded are estimated to be about twice the number of dead." "Walk in Nagasaki's streets today and you walk in ruins." (Dispatch #1) Also, Captain Farley's eyewitness account (Dispatch #5) is quoted. The interviews with Bridgman and King (Dispatch #5) are included as well as information from Dr. Nakashima  (Dispatch #8) and the interview with the Japanese lieutenant, aide to the district commander (Dispatch #1).

George Weller's own response "In hours of walking through these areas I experienced no burns or signs of debilitation." is from Dispatch #3 (First into Nagasaki page 30) which mentions Weller's "nausea" not reported in the Miami Herald article of 1945.

The Miami Herald article incorrectly states atomic POW casualties "Forty-eight were killed instantly and four others died later." while Dispatch #5 states "Forty-eight were wounded, four instantly killed, and four, including Aalders, died." The incorrect POW casualty figures also appear in Weller's Los Angeles Times article of September 16, 1945 and his New York Post article of September 15, 1945, and his article in the Akron Beacon Journal headlined "Yank Saw Atom Bomb Wipe Out Nagasaki" and above that "It Was 'Terrific, White Flash'" September 15, 1945 (this article includes interviews supra from Dispatch#1, Dispatch#5, and Dispatch#8). The Associated Press' Vernon Haugland quotes Dr. Vink "only four of our 200 prisoners were killed"[outright when the bomb exploded; four more died subsequently] in article published widely, including in the New York Times and on September 10, 1945 in the Miami Herald. Thus papers in New York, Boston, Los Angeles, Miami, and Akron all print Weller's incorrect casualty statistics, whilst Dispatch#5 gives correct data, as does the Associated Press in 1945.

Eight Dispatches (pages 25–45) are described in First into Nagasaki as written in Nagasaki September 6–9 with Weller "sending them off to MacArthur's military censors in Tokyo, hopeful that they were being cabled onward to his editors at the Chicago Daily News and thence to a vast American readership via syndication. These dispatches have remained unpublished for sixty years; it appears that the U.S. government destroyed the originals."
The fact of publication by the Los Angeles Times, Boston Evening Globe, New York Post, Miami Herald, and Akron Beacon Journal is irreconcilable to George Weller's assertion that: "...I sent 25,000 words by the hands of the obliging kempeitai, the secret police, directly to MacArthur. ... All my dispatches were suppressed. Every one of my 25,000 words was killed by MacArthur's censorship, which went on afterward, month after month."[First into Nagasaki page 313]

Censorship of correspondents reporting from Japan for newspapers outside Japan ended October 6, 1945, continuing only for the Japanese media.

In The Weller Dispatches by Anthony Weller[page 291 First into Nagasaki] is statement that "...the editors cut Weller's cynical closing phrase...." The Chicago Daily News text last line is: "That's how Jap wardens cured decadent Americans, but lost the war." The Miami Herald text last line is: "That's how Japanese wardens cured decadent Americans but lost the war--so it says here in fine print."

On September 18, 1945 the Miami Herald published article by George Weller "Japan Holds Prisoners In Secret" on Chinese prisoners on Kyushu, based on information source Lt. Edward Little (later court-martialled for crimes while a POW. This article has close to identical text with the article included in Weller's War pages 618-9 and there described as: "This dispatch was censored by MacArthur and never published."

The Los Angeles Times on September 29, 1945 printed another article "By George Weller Chicago Daily News Foreign Service Nagasaki September 28 Californians Worked to Death on Dam by Japs." Most of this article printed in the Los Angeles Times is contained in the dispatch dated September 24, 1945 published in First into Nagasaki pages 139-143.

For sixty years Weller's own carbon of these dispatches were presumed lost, until they were discovered by Weller's son, Anthony, six months after George Weller's death.

Controversies

Title claim, who was first

Weller claims that he was "the first Westerner to enter either of the bombed cities after Japan surrendered"  and that "No other correspondent had yet evaded the authorities to reach either Hiroshima or Nagasaki."  However, other reports note people entering the city as early as August 22, and the earliest dispatch from Weller was dated September 6 (see below).

Australian journalist Wilfrid Burchett arrived in Hiroshima on September 3, 1945, and a Hiroshima dispatch from him was printed September 5, 1945 in the London Daily Express.

George Weller:
"...I entered it [Nagasaki] on September 6, 1945, as the first free westerner to do so after the end of the war." [page 3]
"...the writer arrived here [Nagasaki] this afternoon as the first visitor from the outside Allied world." [page 25]
"...the writer--the first Allied observer to reach Nagasaki since the surrender--..." [page 43]
Anthony Weller:
"...no outsider had been in yet, not even from the U.S. military." [pages 245-246]

Weller [Part I First into Nagasaki in the book First into Nagasaki page 3] writes: "Whenever I see the word 'Nagasaki,' a vision arises of the city when I entered it on September 6, 1945, as the first free westerner to do so after the end of the war. No other correspondent had yet evaded the authorities to reach either Hiroshima or Nagasaki."

However, the Chicago Daily News on August 30, 1945 published under size extra large headline: "1st INSIDE STORY OF HIROSHIMA Reporter Tells How City Vanished in Atom Blast" a notable scoop by Leslie Nakashima written for United Press (and also printed in the New York Times "Newsman finds all of Hiroshima gone after atom blow.") Born in Hawaii and previously a reporter for the Honolulu Star-Bulletin and a foreign correspondent with wire agency UP in pre-war Tokyo this Nisei's dispatch includes: "...I arrived at Hiroshima at 5 A.M. Aug. 22, to find out about my mother, who lived in the outskirts of the city. Alighting from the train, I found that Hiroshima station—once one of the largest in western Japan—no longer existed. ...The sight before me as I headed for the outskirts of the city where my mother lived was unbelievable. It was unbelievable because only a fortnight before the bombing I had seen the city intact when I evacuated my wife and two daughters to central Japan. Except for one or two bombs dropped on separate occasions by B-29's, Hiroshima had not been subjected to heavy incendiary attacks. ...But I found my mother safe. She had been weeding grass in a relative's vegetable field about two miles southeast of the city when she saw the flash....A school in the suburbs near mother's home has been converted into a field hospital to care for people who suffered burns. The majority of these cases is believed hopeless. Many of the victims are unidentifiable. Even now two or three patients are dying daily at this one hospital."

And the Chicago Daily News published a dispatch by Associated Press war correspondent Vern Haugland on page one under size large headline: "U.S. Writer Views Hiroshima" Continued dispatch section headline: "First U.S. Reporter Sees Hiroshima Ruins."

Correspondents from the Headliner-Dateliner group with Lt. Col. John 'Tex' McCrary of the Strategic Air Forces visited both Hiroshima (September 4–5) and Nagasaki (September 8–9), publishing a series of thorough and informative dispatches which covered both atomic cities and included medical aspects.

Parachutes

Several of the eyewitnesses Weller interviewed described seeing a parachute, or parachutes, falling on the day of the bombing. In an account published more than twenty years after his visit to Nagasaki, Weller asserts that the bomb which destroyed Nagasaki was a "lazy-falling missile floating under a parachute.""...riding under a silk handkerchief." [First into Nagasaki page 3] Since the bomb did not descend by parachute (a fact well known twenty years later) this description is incorrect.

Parachutes were attached to instruments were dropped by support-planes during the mission to measure the effects of the blast.

pre-atomic raids on Nagasaki

In the same 1967 account Weller asserts that Nagasaki, prior to August 9, 1945 "...in the face of all logic, it had been spared so far....Streams of B-29s flowed north and south around it, but this prime target remained mysteriously untouched." Weller offers several theories connected with the supposed sparing of Nagasaki.

Contrary to George Weller's unaccountable assertion that Nagasaki before August 9, 1945 was "mysteriously untouched", Nagasaki had in fact been targeted in August 1945, August 1944, as well as the April 1945 raid which became famous as "The legend of Lieut. Gene Flewellen and his B-29, the Experiment Perilous...a 'one-plane air force.'".<ref>[New York Times 05/01/1945]</ref>

On, August 10, 1944 Nagasaki had been bombed by B-29s "launched from China against Nagasaki's urban area. The twenty-four attacking bombers unloaded 4 tons of fragmentation bombs and 77 tons of incendiaries on the primary.

There is an element of foreshadowing in the fact that Nagasaki was the first Japanese city to be attacked and firebombed by AAF 'precision' bombers, in view of what the city was to experience almost one year later."

On April 27, 1945, Lieut. Gene Flewellen commanding the B-29 Experiment Perilous was forced by weather to abandon his original target on Kyūshū and, without accompanying aircraft, flew southward down the coast seeking a target of opportunity and bombed the Nagasaki dock area. The absence of anti-aircraft fire indicated that the Japanese were "entirely surprised. The lone B-29 wheeled and headed south. Several hours later the pilot put the huge craft down at Saipan, with ten minutes of gas left in his tanks."

On August 3, 1945 New York Times had carried the front page headline "BOMBERS FIRE GREAT NAGASAKI SHIPYARDS" and a page one story beginning "Nagasaki, one of the three major shipbuilding centers of Japan and ninth port of the empire, was left aflame yesterday, its dockyards smashed and its harbor littered with sunken ships by over 250 planes of General George C. Kenney's Far East Air Force." The article continues with a full description of the air battle over Nagasaki, and the destruction of oil tanks, ships, warehouses and railyard. The raid of August 2, 1945 included Mitchell and Liberator bombers as well as Thunderbolt and Mustang fighter planes. Weller's assertion published in 1967 is not consistent with this prominent, lengthy and detailed New York Times coverage, nor with his own assertion published in 2006 at the end of the very first dispatch datelined Nagasaki (September 6, 1945 2300 hours) that the city had had "one earlier serious raid."

 References

 External links
  John Callaway with Anthony Weller on First Into Nagasaki, Pritzker Military Museum & Library, March 1, 2007
  Anthony Weller: Weller's War: A Legendary Foreign Correspondent's Saga of World War II on Five Continents'', Pritzker Military Museum & Library, April 30, 2009
After Words interview with Weller on First Into Nagasaki, January 6, 2007

Nagasaki
Books about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1945 documents
2006 non-fiction books


The Parthe is a river in Saxony, Germany, right tributary of the White Elster. Its total length is . The Parthe originates in northern Saxony, between Colditz and Bad Lausick. It flows northwest through Parthenstein, Naunhof, Borsdorf and Taucha before entering the city of Leipzig. The Parthe joins the White Elster in northwestern Leipzig.

Course

On its course through the Leipzig Bay (Leipziger Tieflandsbucht), the Parthe flows through the regions and towns of Großbardau, Parthenstein, Naunhof, Beucha, Borsdorf, Panitzsch, Taucha and Leipzig. Into the Parthe flow, amongst others, the Gladegraben, the Lazy Parthe, the Todgraben, the Mittelgraben, the Grenzgraben, the Threne, the Zauchgraben, the Kittelgraben, the Wachtelbach, the Lösegraben, the Staditzbach, the Hasengraben and the Rüdgengraben. Over the years numerous straightenings and canalisations have had an effect on the river. By the time the Parthe reaches Leipzig the stony river bed is visible.

Name
Amongst others, the region Parthenstein and the motorway junction  Parthenaue (the merging of the A 38 into the A 14 motorway) are called after the river.

Flooding 2002
During the 100-year flood of the Elbe in 2002, the Parthe also broke its banks. This led to damage in villages and towns such as Kleinbardau and Großbardau.

Recreation and Nature

The  long Parthe-Mulde-cycling route from Grimma via Naunhof, Borsdorf and Taucha to Leipzig runs alongside the Parthe for long stretches. It is part of  network of cycling routes, which run from Leipzig to the Freiberger Mulde as well as to the river Elbe.

In Taucha and  (a district of Leipzig) the Parthe flows through parks. Large sections of the river's course are designated as the "Nature reserve Parthenaue - Machern".

See also
 Leipzig River Network

Rivers of Saxony
Rivers of Germany


HMS Petard was an  destroyer built by Denny for the Royal Navy, commenced 5 July 1915 and launched on 24 March 1916. She saw service during the First World War. Postwar, she was sold for breaking up on 9 May 1921.

Jutland
During the Battle of Jutland, Petard was one of ten destroyers of the 13th Destroyer Flotilla assigned to screen the 1st Battle Cruiser Squadron, following the lead of light cruiser .  The first engagement of the battle was between a British force of six battlecruisers and four battleships and lighter vessels commanded by Admiral Beatty and a German squadron of five battlecruisers plus accompanying vessels commanded by Admiral Hipper.

At 4.15pm on 31 May 1916, the opposing fleets sent their destroyers in to deliver a torpedo attack on the opposing line.  Petard was one of eight destroyers of the 13th flotilla to respond, along with three destroyers of other formations.  The opposing destroyers fought a gun battle in hopes of blunting the enemy's torpedo attack while striving to deliver their own.  Petard fired a torpedo on a high speed setting at a group of four German destroyers, possibly achieving a hit from about 3,000 yards range, and a second at a slower speed against the German battlecruisers from a range of about 9,000 yards. Petard then turned roughly parallel to the German battlecruisers but slightly converging, so as to get ahead of the column before once more turning towards the enemy to fire the remaining two torpedoes.  Petard reported that her torpedoes must have crossed the enemy line, but did not claim a hit.

Turning back towards the British ships, Petard passed , which was also returning but at reduced speed because of damage. It now became apparent that further German ships were approaching, which proved to be the main German High Seas Fleet. Proceeding, Petard approached an oil slick where  was picking up survivors from the battlecruiser , sunk by German gunfire, and picked up one man. Approximately 20 survivors in total were rescued from the 1000 man crew. Petard then returned to her station at the head of the battlecruiser line.

N.B.: HMS Petard is erroneously identified in some references as the ship which rammed and sank  on the night of 16 September 1917; the ship in question was the destroyer .

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project - HMS Petard Crew List

Admiralty M-class destroyers
Ships built on the River Clyde
1916 ships
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom


Richmond-Adelaide Centre is a cluster of office buildings in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located in the financial district.  It is bounded by Richmond Street West to the north, Sheppard Street to the east, Adelaide Street West to the south, and finally York Street as its western boundary. The complex is owned and operated by global real estate investor, developer and owner Oxford Properties Group.

There are multiple buildings located within this block, and its total area is 1.6 million square feet. Completed in 1923, 85 Richmond St West (also known as "The Federal Building") is the oldest building in the complex.  The Concourse Building (100 Adelaide St West) was built in 1928.  In 1956, 111 Richmond Street West was completed.  120 Adelaide St West, located in the core of the block was built in 1966. The Oxford Tower is the most recent building, completed in 1978.

The majority of the buildings located within this block are part of the PATH system.

The centre is a core asset for Oxford Properties, which undertook a  renovation of 111 Richmond Street West in 2010, a building designed by architect Peter Dickinson. There have also been plans to redevelop 100 Adelaide St W. and build a new office building retaining part of the existing heritage structure.

The centre’s urban retail concourse and food court has undergone an extensive modernization including a new 400-seat food court in a redesigned, contemporary space, as well as the expansion and relocation of its retail area.  With over 40,000 square feet of retail space, the centre’s concourse is frequented by area residents, tourists and over 5,200 employees in the office towers directly connected to the complex.

Public Art
In 2020 a large sculpture, Dreaming by Jaume Plensa, was unveiled in the courtyard by Oxford Properties.

Links
 Case Study - Richmond-Adelaide Centre
 Oxford Properties - Office Leasing Website & Building Stats
 Youtube Clip - 111 Richmond SW

Buildings and structures in Toronto
Oxford Properties
Office buildings in Canada
Peter Dickinson (architect) buildings


Francis Escott Hancock (7 February 1859 – 29 October 1943) was an English-born rugby union centre who played club rugby for Somerset and Cardiff and international rugby for Wales. Hancock is best known as being the sport's first fourth threequarter player, which changed the formation of rugby union play that lasts to the present day. His role in the development of rugby was recognised by the International Rugby Board in 2011 with induction to the IRB Hall of Fame.

Rugby career
Hancock first played rugby in Somerset, and captained his local club and represented the Somerset county team. He moved to Cardiff to become involved in his family's brewing company, which had a brewery in Cardiff. He joined the Cardiff team in 1884 and was placed at centre as a replacement for the injured Tom Williams. Hancock had an inspiring game and scored two tries, which left the Cardiff committee with a problem as they wanted to keep their original back players but also wished to play Hancock. The club decided to instead change the balance of the team, from three threequarters to four threequarters. It was a successful tactic and Cardiff stuck with it for the remainder of the 1883/1884 season.

Within two months of moving to Wales, Hancock was playing for Cardiff, changed the future formation of rugby and was then selected to play for Wales. He played his first international game under the captaincy of Joe Simpson against Ireland as part of the 1884 Home Nations Championship. Wales won the game with tries from William Norton and Tom Clapp, and Hancock was reselected for the very next Welsh game against England in the next years tournament. Hancock played two games in the 1885 Championship, a loss to England at St Helens and a scoreless draw in Scotland.

In 1885 Hancock was elected as captain of Cardiff, and he revolutionised the way the team played. He discouraged kicking and made the team focus mainly on try scoring through the forwards gaining the ball for individual play from the backs. Traditionally the forwards in a rugby side would retain the ball, engaging in prolonged scrums and mauls. Hancock encouraged his forwards to release the ball to the half-backs, and they in turn would neither run nor kick the ball away, but would move the ball out to the centres. The centres job was, through low accurate passing to, transfer the ball to the wings who should take the ball on the run. Solid passing was primary in Hancock's vision of winning through scoring tries. In the 1885/86 season Cardiff scored a remarkable 131 tries but not a single penalty or drop goal. It is said that Hancock aggressively shouted down one of this team who attempted a drop goal during a game. Hancock was single minded and dictatorial in his approach as a captain, but his tactics were extremely successful, winning all bar one game and seeing just four tries scored against them.

Hancock's first and only international match as captain was against Scotland in the 1886 Home Nations Championship. With the power of captaincy, Hancock tried out his four three-quarter system, the first time this had been done in an international. Hancock was paired up with Welsh rugby superstar Arthur Gould, but the poor selection of the team resulted in Hancock scrapping the system during the game and switched Gould to full-back; but the damage was already done and Wales lost the match. The trial was judged a failure and the four three-quarter system was dropped for several years.

Hancock retired from rugby at the end of the 1885/86 season at the age of 26.

Hancock's son, Ralph, played first-class cricket for Somerset in a few matches before the First World War. His brother Froude Hancock was also a notable rugby player.

International matches played
Wales
  1885
  1884
  1885, 1886

Other sports
 Hancock was also a notable amateur tennis player having won the West Somerset ALTS Tournament two times in 1881 and 1883..

Bibliography

 Prescott, Gwyn, This Rugby Spellbound People: Rugby Football in Nineteenth-Century  Cardiff and South Wales.  Welsh Academic Press. .

References

External links

1859 births
1943 deaths
Cardiff RFC players
English rugby union players
People from Taunton Deane (district)
Rugby union centres
Rugby union players from Wiveliscombe
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players
Wales rugby union captains
World Rugby Hall of Fame inductees


The 88th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in South Central Pennsylvania and has been represented since 2009 by Sheryl M. Delozier.

District profile
The 88th District is located in Cumberland County and includes the following areas:

Hampden Township
Lower Allen Township (part)
Precinct 01
Precinct 03
Precinct 04
Precinct 05
Precinct 06
Mechanicsburg
New Cumberland
Shiremanstown

Representatives

Recent election results

References

External links
District map from the United States Census Bureau
Pennsylvania House Legislative District Maps from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.
Population Data for District 88 from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.

Government of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
88