Velvet Darkness is the first studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in 1976 through producer Creed Taylor's CTI Records.

The tracks for the album were originally recorded by engineer Rudy Van Gelder at his Van Gelder Studio in New Jersey. According to Holdsworth, this was done during a rehearsal session, after which the tapes were released by CTI without his or the other band members' consent. None of the musicians involved ever received royalties for their work. Holdsworth therefore considered the album an unauthorised release and not part of his discography.

Critical reception

John W. Patterson of AllMusic gave Velvet Darkness only 1.5 stars out of five, describing it as "an interesting snapshot of young stellar musicians doing their thing in a laid-back but energetic fusion-funk-rock groove", but more for completists and collectors. In his review of Holdsworth's 1982 album I.O.U., he also labelled Velvet Darkness as a "train-wreck disaster" and "infamous".

Reissues
Velvet Darkness was reissued on CD in 1990 through the Epic Associated division of CBS/Columbia Records as part of their "Contemporary Jazz Masters" series. This version was completely remixed and remastered from the original session tapes. The remixing process (which was not indicated within the CD packaging) significantly changed the sound of some instruments, especially the drums. Also included are five alternative takes as bonus tracks.

Track listing

Personnel
 Allan Holdsworth – guitar, violin
 Alan Pasqua – piano
 Alphonso Johnson – bass guitar
 Narada Michael Walden – drums

Production
 Creed Taylor – producer
 Rudy Van Gelder – engineer
 Seiji Kaneko – mastering
 Yoichi Nakao – producer (reissue)

References

Allan Holdsworth albums
1976 debut albums
CTI Records albums
Albums produced by Creed Taylor
Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio
Unauthorized albums


Damion Hall, also known as Damion "Crazy Legs" Hall is an American R&B singer. He is a member of the new jack swing group Guy and is the brother of Guy member, Aaron Hall. He has released one solo album, Straight to the Point in 1994, which spawned one single, "Satisfy You", featuring Chanté Moore. That song managed to reach No. 48 on the Billboard R&B charts. He is currently unsigned but managed by celebrity and sports manager Glenn Toby.

Discography
Straight to the Point (1994)

References

1968 births
Living people
American contemporary R&B singers
Musicians from the Bronx
20th-century African-American male singers


Mohammed-Awal Issah (born 4 April 1986) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

Club career
Issah began his career by Real Sportive before signing a two-year contract with AmaZulu in the South African PSL in August 2007.

On 10 October 2008, he went to Serbia for trials with Red Star Belgrade and in December 2008, he signed a 4.5-year contract with the club. In mid-May 2009, AmaZulu contacted FIFA stating they had not received the full transfer fee for Issah from Red Star Belgrade. Later that month, Issah, together with teammate and compatriot Bernard Parker sued Red Star Belgrade for failing to fulfil financial obligations. In January 2011, Issah was one of eight players told they were surplus to requirements.

In the 2011 summer transfer window, Issah signed for Norwegian club Rosenborg BK.

On 25 January 2013, Issah joined Greek Super League club Veria F.C. on a 1.5-year loan contract. After half a season, the loan was terminated.

On 1 August 2013, Issah re-joined AmaZulu after almost five years in European football while AmaZulu agreed a transfer deal with Rosenborg. In February 2014, the club reported him to the South African Football Association claiming he had disappeared. Two months later, Issah was fined $170,000 for going absent and received a four-month playing ban.

International career
Issah was a member of the Ghana national under-20 team at the 2007 Toulon Tournament.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Red Star
 Serbian Cup: 2010

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Accra
Men's association football midfielders
Ghanaian men's footballers
Super League Greece players
Serbian SuperLiga players
AmaZulu F.C. players
Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
Red Star Belgrade footballers
Rosenborg BK players
Real Sportive players
Veria F.C. players
Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Greece


ψ Cygni, Latinised as Psi Cygni, is a triple star system in the constellation called Cygnus. With a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.92, it is visible to the naked eye. As of 2002, the inner pair, components Aa and Ab, had an angular separation of 0.10 arc seconds along a position angle of 77.6°. Their combined visual magnitude is 5.05. Relative to this pair, the third member of the system, magnitude 7.61 component B, had an angular separation of 2.87 arc seconds along a position angle of 175.6° as of 2010. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.59 mas, Psi Cygni is located around 281 light years from the Sun.

The brighter member of the system, presumably component Aa, displays the spectrum of an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A4 Vn, where the 'n' notation indicates "nebulous" absorption lines due to rapid rotation. It appears to be a spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 207. The component is radiating 62 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 7,971 K.

References

A-type main-sequence stars
F-type main-sequence stars
Triple star systems
Cygnus (constellation)
Cygni, Psi
Cygni, 24
189037
098055
7619
Durchmusterung objects


Sol Friedman House Toyhill, was built in Pleasantville, New York in 1948. This was the first of the three Frank Lloyd Wright homes built in the "Usonia Homes" development north of New York City.

The Friedman House forms part of the post-war development of Wright's use of the circle, culminating in his Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in Manhattan. The Sol Friedman house in Pleasantville, N.Y., is roofed with mushroom-like concrete slabs; the two intersecting closed circles of the actual dwelling are balanced at the end of a straight terrace parapet by the mushroom-shaped carport. This house was completed in 1949 with battered (sloped) walls of almost Richardsonian random ashlar masonry below a strip of metal-framed windows.

Wright dubbed the house Toyhill because Sol Friedman was a retailer of books, records, and (in some stores) toys.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References

 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.316)

External links
 Friedman House Pleasantville New York by Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Houses in Westchester County, New York


These Streets are Watching is a 50-minute video on police accountability in three communities in the United States; Denver, Cincinnati and Berkeley. The video documents incidents that its creators consider demonstrate the unnecessary use of force by the police. Independent filmmaker, Jacob Crawford, weaves the responses made in these three cities to police brutality into a single tale of community empowerment and direct action. The film conveys basic legal concepts that can provide practical help to groups and individuals seeking an understanding of their rights when dealing with police. The film is divided into sections that explain citizen's basic rights, tactics for documenting police activity and ideas for further action.

These Streets Are Watching has been screened across the United States  and has played on television across the nation.

References

External links

 These Streets Are Watching (By Jacobs Ladder Production via Google Video)
 These Streets Are Watching (By Jacobs Ladder Production via YouTube)
 These Streets Are Watching (By Jacobs Ladder Production via Current.com)

American documentary films
Police brutality in the United States
Documentary films about law enforcement in the United States
Law enforcement in Colorado
Law enforcement in Ohio
Law enforcement in California
Culture of Denver
Culture of Cincinnati
Culture of Berkeley, California


History
NZ Performance Car TV was a free-to-air television program that ran for eight series, produced in-house by Parkside Media. It has had airtime on TV ONE, TV2, TV3, Prime and Sky Sports, often with several networks simultaneously which is unique in its genre. Each series consists of 13 episodes. Two series were screened per year. It was also available via TVNZ ondemand.

First airing in 2004 the series evolved to match the changing tastes of the import car scene. Series 8 had a large focus on drifting.

The show builds on the NZ Performance Car magazine brand, featuring similar content.

Show content

Drifting
Drag racing
Import car culture
Event coverage
Driver interviews
Modified car features
Tech and tuning tips
Competitions

The show's content reflects the seasonal nature of the scene in New Zealand. Series filmed in winter tend to feature more modified cars and less motorsport; series filmed in summer feature more motorsport and less modified cars.

Series overview

The series has endured much criticism because of its niche nature, including presenters and their ties to the scene, content choice and timeslots (each series had a different timeslot and sometimes a different channel or network).

Series 8
Series 8 saw a return to a regular timeslot within Sunday afternoon's Powerbuilt Tools Motorsport on TV ONE, with a longer more adult-themed show which aired late night on TV2.
Presenters Dan Gibson and Craig ‘Puka’ Linn.

Series 7
Series 7 featured  Geoffrey Bell  as the main presenter.

Series 6
Series 6 featured Geoffrey Bell as the main presenter.

Series 5
Series 5 featured well-known TV presenter Brooke Howard-Smith. As Howard-Smith is a TV3 presenter, when NZ Performance Car TV moved to TVNZ for Series 6, he was replaced.

Series 4
Frank Liew returned to present series 4

Series 3
Frank Liew, noted Auto Salon judge with deep involvement in the import car scene, presented series 3.

Series 2
Presented by Todd Wylie and Dan Philips

Series 1
Presented by Anna Jobsz and Danny Codling

Controversy
NZ Performance Car TV, like NZ Performance Car magazine has typically been criticised by groups not in favour of import car culture, or those concerned about ‘boy racer’ activity.

Series 8 focused much more on motorsport, covering the NZ Drift Series in New Zealand, drifting overseas, drag racing in New Zealand and Australia (e.g. Jamboree 18 from Willowbank Raceway and Super Lap from Taupo Motorsport Park), including interviews with and profiles of drivers such as Daniel Woolhouse and Carl Ruiterman. Feature cars and other event coverage were still present, but the increased focus on motorsport marked a divergence from NZ Performance Car magazine content.

Production and crew
Series 1-4 were produced and directed by Graham Ralphs. Series 5 onwards were produced by Iain Eggleton

External links
 Performance Car TV forum
 Performance Car TV website

References

Automotive television series
2004 New Zealand television series debuts
Prime (New Zealand TV channel) original programming
Three (TV channel) original programming
TVNZ 2 original programming


The Pasteur Institute of Lille () is a research centre and member of the Pasteur Institute network.
It includes 14 research units and 1,150 employees including 626 researchers located in Lille, France. There are also 300 employees located outside the Pasteur site. Its revenues are above €70 million. Several neuroscience start-up companies have emerged from the Pasteur Institute of Lille.

Research
Since Louis Pasteur became the dean of the faculty of sciences in Lille in 1854, the research activities of the institute have been associated with University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM (Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France; Institute of Biology of Lille - IBL). It is in its premises that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis was invented by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin.

Research areas include
 Microbiology
 Parasitology
 Immunology
 Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, Neurodegenerative diseases

Notable students
 Patrick Francheterre, French ice hockey player, coach and manager.

See also
 Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale

References

External links
 Website of the Pasteur Institute of Lille

Educational buildings in Lille
Lille
University of Lille Nord de France


The Moosalp (el. 2048 m.) is a high mountain pass across the western Pennine Alps, connecting Bürchen with Törbel in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

The pass lies north-east of Augstbordhorn.

See also
 List of highest paved roads in Europe
 List of mountain passes

References
Swissgeo.ch

Mountain passes of Valais
Mountain passes of the Alps


Popular music began to replace folk music in Slovakia beginning in the 1950s, when Slovakia was a part of Czechoslovakia; American jazz, R&B, and rock and roll were popular, alongside waltzes, polkas, and czardas, among other folk forms. By the end of the 1950s, radios were common household items, though only state stations were legal. Slovak popular music began as a mix of bossa nova, cool jazz, and rock, with propagandistic lyrics. Dissenters listened to ORF (Austrian Radio), Radio Luxembourg, or Radio Free Europe, which played more rock. Czechoslovakia was more passive in the face of Soviet domination, and thus radio and the whole music industry toed the line more closely than other satellite states.

After the Velvet Revolution and the declaration of the Slovak state, domestic music greatly diversified as free enterprise allowed a great expansion in the number of bands and genres represented in the Slovak market. Soon, however, major label brought pop music to Slovakia and drove many of the small companies out of business. The 1990s, American grunge and alternative rock, and Britpop gain a wide following, as well as a newfound popularity in musicals.

John Dopyera and his brothers, the inventors of the resonator guitar (DOpjera BROthers-Dobro, were born in Slovakia.

Late 20th century's and today's musicians and music groups

Metal
 Achsar
 Algor
 Apoplexy
 April Weeps
 Bestialit
 Čad
 Dementor
 Depresy
 Doomas
 Editor
 Mystic Death
 King (SVK)
 Galadriel
 Laburnum Diver

Hardcore

 Flow
 Junk

Crossover Thrash

 Kershik

Hard Rock
 The Maybe
 Dorian Grey

Jazz Rock
 Fermata
 Dežo Ursiny

Rock
 Arzén
 Bez Ladu a Skladu
 Desmod
 Atlantída
 Elán

 Good Fancy
 Free Faces
 HEX
 Chiki Liki Tu-a
 IMT Smile
 Le Payaco
 Metalinda
 Neuropa
 No Gravity (band)
 Out of Control
 TEAM
 Tublatanka
 Nocadeň
 Para

Art Rock
 Marián Varga
 The Bridgeheads

Pop Rock
 Peha
 Good Fancy
 Peoples
 Abscondo

Rap
 TCZY
 Terapia
 Drvivá menšina
 Čistychov
 Hanny
 PravyOpak
 Suchý pes
 L.U.Z.A.
 DK LUKY podzemie
 Miky Mora
 Názov Stavby
 Vec
 Zverina
 Veta a Orbit
 Rendezska SK
 Strnastka
 Druhá Strana
 Severná Strana
 Kontrafakt
 Gramo Rokkaz
 DMS
 Elpe
 BoyBand
 Moja Reč
Rapuj Roger!

Punk Rock
 Iné Kafe
 Horkýže Slíže
 Horská Chata
 Plus Mínus
 Punkreas
 Zóna A
 HT
 Slobodná Európa
 Odpad
 Brickfield
 EX-tip
 DPH
 Davová Psychóza
 Prípad Ewy Burdovej
 Dimenzia X
 Konflikt
 Zhoda Náhod
 Dr.Pako
 Sitňan
 Mladé Rozlety
 Kóta 22
 Street Spirit
 Toy Pištols
 Pivnica
 D Zmrds
 Immunita
 Načo Názov
 Vandali
 Hasiaci Prístroj
 Kaktus
 Lord Alex
 Dissident
 Poďme do práce
 The Kľemones
 Metamorfóza
 Illegality
 Karpina
 Princovia
 Decis
 Bačova fujara
 Nekultúra
 Norton
 Punkhart
 Tri groše
 Strata času
 Začiatok konca
 S.R.O
 Živý plot
 Železná Kolóna
 Č.O.V.
 S.N.P.

Ska
 Polemic
 Ska2tonics
 Skaprašupina
 Hudba z marsu
 Lepayaco
 Vedro
 Bublifunk
 Fuera Fondo

See also
 Music of Slovakia
 Slovak folk music
 Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest
 ZAI Awards
 The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time

Samples
 Lunatic Gods - alternative metal band, which plays also some folk music instruments, like fujara and drumbla.

References

Pop
Popular music by country


Calaveras Hills High School (CHHS) is one of the two high schools of Milpitas, California. Calaveras Hills High School works with students who need an alternative form of education.  Calaveras Hills High is referred to as "Cal Hills" by students and the community. Cal Hills is the most successful alternative school in the state. Test scores for the STAR test rose hundreds of points from 500+ to 714. Cal Hills often has a waiting list to get into the program.

Cal Hills has a very successful Resource Special Education program that has helped hundreds of under performing students achieve high school graduate. Students have won many local scholarships and awards while graduating from this program. Cal Hills has earned the highest WASC accreditation and is a Dist. School (Model school).  Cal Hills has won many league championships against rivals Alta Vista and Robertson.

Past principals include Fleming Matson, Don Denton, Mike Madalinski, Paul Cauchi, Michael Hermosillo, Katie Martinez, and Alecia Myers. The Current superintendent is Cary Matsuoka.

References

Buildings and structures in Milpitas, California
Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
High schools in Santa Clara County, California
Continuation high schools in California
Public high schools in California


Potentilla robbinsiana, the dwarf mountain cinquefoil  or Robbins' cinquefoil, is a small, yellow-flowered, perennial found exclusively above the tree line in the White Mountains  of New Hampshire. The plant is nearly stemless and measures two to four centimeters in diameter.

History

The Crawford Path of Mount Washington, the oldest mountain hiking trail in America, was laid out in 1819 as a bridle path from Crawford Notch to the summit. There is some discrepancy as to who discovered Potentilla robbinsiana, which some sources giving credit to its discovery in 1824 by English botanist and zoologist Thomas Nuttall, five years after completion of the Crawford Path. The more likely case is its discovery in 1829 by James Robbins. After its discovery it was described by the botanist and explorer William Oakes. It was soon recognized as a rare plant and over 850 specimens were collected and occasionally sold commercially to collectors and herbariums. In the 1970s a "backpacker boom" led to significantly increased use of the Crawford Path, making the plant's limited habitat vulnerable to hikers picking the flowers and trampling the plant.

The decline of specimens of the plant was mitigated when it received protection under the Endangered Species Act in 1980, at which time the known population was a mere 3,700 plants. However, due to a very successful awareness program and an effort to reroute trails away from the plant's habitat along with enclosures for the main population, the plant has since then recovered to well over 14,000 plants and was delisted in August 2002. Additional efforts included public education, biological research, seed collection and transplant efforts.

The awareness program and repopulation efforts were successful in a large part due to a unique partnership between the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Appalachian Mountain Club, the U.S. Forest Service, and the New England Wild Flower Society.

Distribution
The White Mountain National Forest contains 100% of this species' global population. The plant has four extant occurrences, with two being natural and two others from transplant efforts.

Habitat
Potentilla robbinsiana is generally placed in the dry/mesic heath meadow system of alpine communities, though it is also found on subalpine bare rock summits. The primary habitat is an exposed and barren fellfield habitat with high winds and low temperatures. While frost heaving is considered a requirement, too much causes mortality.

References

robbinsiana
Flora of New Hampshire
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


Ben Offereins (born 12 March 1986) is an Australian track & field athlete. He became national 400 m champion and also represented Australia internationally.

Biography
Born in Sydney, Offereins' family moved to Perth in 1987. He has been running from a young age, starting out in little athletics and has progressed through to the senior ranks. His first National title came in winning the 200m at the 2003 Under 18 Australian Championships where he also won the silver medal in the 100m.

He had his first major 400m win the next year at the Under 20 Australian Championships, which earned him a position on the Australian team for the IAAF World Junior Championships, in Grosseto, Italy in July 2004.  He participated in the individual 400m as well as the 4 × 400 m relay.   In 2005 still as a junior he entered the open Australian National Championships for the 400m where he won the gold medal defeating 3 members of the Australian 4 × 400 m relay team which won the silver medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics. The next few seasons saw Offereins plagued by injuries until June 2009 when he set a new personal best for the 400m of 45.69s, a World Championships B qualifier, which earned him the final position on the Australian 4 × 400 m relay team for Berlin 2009.  Running a sensational third leg during the heat (44.78s) Offereins forced his way into the team for the final where the Australian team of John Steffensen, Ben Offereins, Tristan Thomas, and Sean Wroe, won the bronze medal for Australia.

In 2010 Offereins started his season by winning the Australia Cup held in Canberra in a new PB of 45.32 sec, he then broke his PB again at the Sydney Track Classic running 44.86sec and becoming only the eighth Australian to break the 45.00 sec barrier and the seventh fastest Australian of all time.  He continued his form, winning the IAAF Melbourne Track Classic in 45.73sec, and then the Australian National Championships in 45.17 sec.  This gained him automatic selection for the individual 400m and the 4x400 relay at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India. At the Athletics Australia annual end of season awards night he was named the Male athlete of the year for the 2010 Australian Domestic season.

He represented Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics, as part of the men's 4 x 400-metre relay team.

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Australian male sprinters
Olympic athletes for Australia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from Western Australia
Track and field athletes from Western Australia


Larry Hosch (born October 16, 1977) is a Minnesota politician and a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives who represented District 14B, which includes portions of Stearns County in the central part of the state. A Democrat, he was first elected in 2004, and was re-elected in 2006, 2008 and 2010. He previously served as the mayor of Saint Joseph from 2001 to 2005. He retired from the House after the 2012 elections.

Hosch was a member of the House Commerce and Labor Committee, and also served on the Finance subcommittees for the Agriculture, Rural Economies and Veterans Affairs Finance Division, the Health Care and Human Services Finance Division, and the Public Safety Finance Division. He was an assistant majority leader. On November 16, 2010, incoming Minority Leader Paul Thissen announced that he will be one of four Minority Whips during the 2011-2012 legislative session.

Hosch has been the co-owner of Lamar Homes & Remodeling since 2003. He was previously a roofer with Granite City Roofing from 1998 to 2003, and Manager of Sal's Bar and Grill in St. Joseph from 1999 to 2001.

References

External links

Rep. Hosch's Web Page
Rep. Hosch's Campaign Web Site
Minnesota Public Radio - Votetracker: Larry Hosch Voting Record
Project Vote Smart - Rep. Larry Hosch Profile
Follow the Money - Larry Hosch Campaign Contributions
2008 2006 2004

1977 births
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
People from Fridley, Minnesota

People from St. Joseph, Minnesota
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University alumni
21st-century American politicians
Mayors of places in Minnesota


Straight to the Point is the only solo studio album by American contemporary R&B singer Damion Hall. It was released in 1994 via Silas/MCA Records. Production was handled by Sean Hall, Tricky Stewart, Brian McKnight, Bryan Loren, Brandon Barnes, Donald Parks, Emanuel Officer, John Howcott, Jon Nettlesbey, Terry Coffey, and Damion Hall himself, who also served as executive producer together with Louil Silas Jr. and Ron Gillyard. It features guest appearances from Chanté Moore and Damion's brother and fellow Guy groupmate Aaron Hall. The album debuted at number 147 on the Billboard 200 and number 22 on the Top R&B Albums in the United States. It was supported with two singles: "Satisfy You", which reached No. 48 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, No. 62 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, No. 38 on the Adult R&B Airplay and No. 55 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales, and "Do Me Like You Wanna Be Done".

Track listing

Personnel

Damion "Crazy Legs" Hall – vocals, producer (tracks: 1, 3, 7, 13), co-producer (tracks: 4, 11), executive producer
Aaron Hall – vocals (track 5)
Chanté Moore – vocals (tracks: 6, 14)
Valerie Davis – backing vocals (tracks: 1, 11)
Tammy White – backing vocals (track 2)
Marc Nelson – backing vocals (track 7)
Brian McKnight – backing vocals (tracks: 9, 10), producer (tracks: 8-10)
Nick Dibenedetto – backing vocals (track 11)
Donnell Spencer Jr. – live drums (track 9)
Sean Hall – producer (tracks: 1, 4, 11, 12), co-producer (tracks: 3, 7, 13)
Christopher "Tricky" Stewart – producer (tracks: 1, 4, 11, 12), co-producer (tracks: 3, 7, 13)
Donald Parks – producer (track 2)
Emanuel Officer – producer (track 2)
John Howcott – producer (track 2)
Jon Nettlesbey – producer (track 5)
Terry Coffey – producer (track 5)
Bryan Loren – producer & mixing (tracks: 6, 14), re-mixing (track 14)
Brandon Barnes – producer (track 8)
Christopher M. Wood – recording (tracks: 1, 4, 7-13)
NHP Sound, Inc. – recording & mixing (track 2)
Michael Girgis – recording (track 3)
Michael Wells – recording (track 5)
John Schmit – recording assistant (track 5)
Manny Marroquin – recording assistant (track 5)
Bryan Carrigan – engineering (tracks: 6, 14)
Kevin Davis – mixing (tracks: 1, 3, 4, 7, 11-13)
Alan Meyerson – mixing (track 5)
David Koenig – mixing (tracks: 8-10)
Rob Groome – mixing assistant (track 1)
John "Bernasky" Wall – mixing assistant (track 2)
Richard Huredia – mixing assistant (tracks: 3, 7-10, 12, 13)
Gabriel Sutter – mixing assistant (track 5)
Scott Blockland – re-mixing assistant (track 14)
Louil Silas Jr. – executive producer
Ronald R. Gillyard – executive producer

Charts

References

External links

1994 albums
Damion Hall albums
Silas Records albums
Albums produced by Brian McKnight
Albums produced by Tricky Stewart


Slovakia has an enormous reservoir of folk music.  The people of Slovakia tend to designate themselves as the "singing nation". Many musicological studies evidence that Slovak folk music is indigenous and has ancient origins, even in respect to neighbouring ethnic groups.  Scientific designations defining Slovak folk music came from the late 19th century onward and set the foundations for Slovakia's modern history of musicological research.  Slovakia's musicological research has its roots in Slovakia's national Renaissance from the 19th century, when many leading Slovakian personalities were beginning to devote themselves to studying folk traditions.

Composers such as Ján Levoslav Bella began to include Slovak folk music in their compositions, and Slovak music was collected and used by composers such as Béla Bartók, Ján Cikker and Eugen Suchoň.

In November 2005 the fujara (Slovak shepherds' pipe) and its music were named Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

See also
Music of Slovakia
Slovak popular music
 The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time

Samples
 "Ej lúčka, lúčka široká" Slovak song from the Library of Congress' Florida Folklife from the WPA Collections; performed by Lillian Jakubcin and Emily Mertán on July 31, 1939, in Slavia, Florida
Muzička - a band playing authentic Slovak folk music.

Folk
Folk music by country


Flight Lieutenant James Anderson Slater  (27 November 1896 – 26 November 1925) was a British First World War flying ace, credited with 24 aerial victories. He served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) as an instructor after the war until killed in a flying accident.

World War I service
Slater was born in Worthing, West Sussex on 29 November 1896. He was studying at a Seminary in August 1914 when the First World War broke out, with Slater quickly enlisting in the British Army's Royal Sussex Regiment as a private. He was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant on 29 September, briefly serving with the Royal Irish Rifles (where his father served with the rank of Major) before re-joining the Sussexes. In 1915 he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps and served in France with No. 18 Squadron RFC as an observer on the squadron's Vickers FB.5s from November 1915 to March 1916. He then trained as a pilot, and on 30 June 1916 was appointed a flying officer.

Slater was posted to No. 1 Squadron RFC in August 1916, to fly the Nieuport 17 single-seat fighter, and gained his first two aerial victories in February and March 1917. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 April 1917. In May he returned to England to serve as an instructor until 27 July 1917, when he was appointed a flight commander with the acting-rank of captain in the newly formed No. 64 Squadron RFC. The squadron was based at Sedgeford, Norfolk, where Slater was reported to have "beat up Hunstanton at 8 a.m. on Sunday mornings, buzzing his girlfriend's house at chimney pot height", and to have been in the habit of flying his aircraft through the aerodrome's hangars.

Slater's squadron moved to France in October 1917, where on 30 November he shot down the squadron's first enemy aircraft, flying an Airco DH.5 fighter. On 4 February 1918 he was awarded the Military Cross, for several successful ground attack missions. His citation read:
Temporary Second Lieutenant (Temporary Captain) James Anderson Slater, General List and RFC.
"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. When returning from a patrol he attacked enemy infantry, silenced a field gun and fired on transport. On another occasion he silenced a battery in very difficult weather conditions, fired on ammunition wagons and enemy infantry, and brought back his patrol safely. He also led a patrol of twelve machines in very bad weather to attack a wood held by the enemy. His patrol dropped over thirty bombs, fired 3,000 rounds and drove the enemy from the wood with heavy casualties. In the course of this flight six enemy scouts were engaged and driven off. Later, he led a similar patrol with great success. He showed splendid courage and determination."

The squadron was then re-equipped with the S.E.5a fighter, in which Slater achieved the majority of his victories, being credited with 20 enemy aircraft shot down between 8 March and 31 May 1918.

Slater received a bar to his Military Cross, gazetted on 21 June 1918. His citation read:
Temporary Captain James Anderson Slater, MC, General List and RFC.
"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. On one occasion during the recent, operations he attacked a large formation of hostile scouts, one of which he drove down in flames. Later, during the same flight, he took part in a general engagement, in which he drove down another enemy machine completely out of control. Two days later he attacked two enemy scouts, causing one of them to crash to earth. In eighteen days he has engaged in twenty-five combats at close quarters, shooting down eight hostile machines. His great gallantry and fine offensive spirit have inspired all ranks to a very high degree."

He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 28 June 1918 "in recognition of acts of gallantry and distinguished service". His citation read:
Lieutenant (Temporary Captain) James Anderson Slater, MC.
"This officer has led numerous offensive patrols with the utmost skill and determination, and it is entirely due to his fine leadership that many enemy aircraft have been destroyed with the minimum of casualties to his formation."

Slater returned to the Home Establishment in England in July 1918, to serve as an instructor until the end of the war. His final tally consisted of eleven enemy aircraft destroyed (one shared), and nine driven down "out of control" (three shared).

List of aerial victories

Post-war career
On 1 August 1919 Slater was granted a permanent commission in the Royal Air Force with the rank of flight lieutenant. He served as an instructor at No. 5 Flying Training School (Inland Area) at RAF Shotwick until transferred to No. 4 Flying Training School (Middle East Area) at Abu Sueir, Egypt, on 8 March 1922, finally returning to Home Establishment on 18 October 1924, and being posted to the RAF Depot (Non-effective Pool).

On 1 April 1925 Slater was posted to No. 3 Squadron, based at RAF Upavon, home of the Central Flying School. On 26 November 1925 Slater and Pilot Officer W. J. R. Early were killed in a flying accident, when their dual control Sopwith Snipe trainer crashed at nearby Pewsey, soon after take-off. Both men are buried in the churchyard of St. Mary the Virgin, Upavon.

References
Notes

Bibliography

1896 births
1925 deaths
People from Worthing
Royal Sussex Regiment officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force officers
British World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Military Cross
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1925


The Bristol Troubadour Club was a short lived but influentialclub in the thriving contemporary folk music scene in Bristol in the late 1960s and early 1970s, It was located in Clifton village, the student quarter above the city centre. The club was considered by some as the liveliest and most creative outside London.

The club hosted some of the premier folk artists of the day including Al Jones, Fred Wedlock, Pigsty Hill Light Orchestra, Ian Anderson, Mike Cooper, John Renbourn, Bert Jansch, The Incredible String Band and Roy Harper.  Al Stewart had a residency there, and mentions the club in his song "Clifton in the Rain".

History
The Troubadour was opened in Waterloo Street, Clifton, by a returning Australian emigree, Ray Willmott, on Friday 7 October 1966. The first act to play there was Anderson Jones Jackson (Ian Anderson, Al Jones and Elliott Jackson). Other regular performers included the Guyanese calypso singer Norman Beaton and the actor Chris Langham who performed as "Wizz" Langham (inspired, no doubt, by Wizz Jones). From 1967, the "Folk Blues Bristol and West" club, founded by Ian Anderson, met on the first Sunday of each month at the Troubadour but became so popular that it had to move to larger premises, firstly at The Old Duke in King Street and, later, to the Full Moon on Stokes Croft.

In 1967, Stewart mentioned the club in his track "Clifton in the Rain" from his first album "Bed Sitter Images":

And all along the way
Wanderers in overcoats with
Collars on parade
And steaming in the night
The listeners in the Troubadour
Guitar player weaves a willow strain
I took my love to Clifton in the rain

In 1971, the venue closed following the purchase of the premises by a Peter Bush, just after it advertised that it had gained a drinks licence (having been alcohol-free from its inception). Dave Berry wrote in Pre-View magazine that "the loss of the Troubadour can't just be assessed in terms of the weekly entertainment it provided. Above all, the club was a social centre - and an inspiration and springboard for countless young artists".

The club is held in such great affection by its former members and musicians that three Troubadour reunions have been held since 2000. The first took place at the QEH Theatre in Clifton on 9 November 2002 and featured many of the original artists. A double CD, Waterloo Street Revisited was issued the following year of recordings of the artists' performances. Because of its success, a similar concert was held on 6 March 2004 at the Redgrave Theatre, Clifton. The third reunion took place at St. George's Hall in Bristol on 8 October 2016, which marked the 50th anniversary of the club, which opened on 7 October, 1966. The following day, at midday, a blue plaque was unveiled in Waterloo Street commemorating both the club and the fact that the name Clifton Village was first used on publicity materials for the club.

Bibliography

Notes

Folk music venues
Clubs and societies in based in Bristol


Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday is a graphic novel from Gestalt Publishing written by Alex Cox and illustrated by Christopher Bones and Justin Randall. It is a sequel to the 1984 cult film Repo Man.

Publication history
The sequel to Repo Man was planned as far back as 1997 and filming started but was never completed. The making of it is featured in the documentary A Texas Tale of Treason. Cox afterward made another semi-sequel called Repo Chick but the original sequel remained as a script on Cox's website. Christopher Bones stumbled across it while working on another project and contacted Cox about adapting it, which Cox agreed to.

Plot
Otto, now using the name Waldo, has returned to Earth from Mars after ten years. Now nearly 30, he adjusts to life in mid-1990s, and gets a boring job as a telemarketer. When Waldo receives a call offering a free Hawaiian vacation, he makes taking the trip his goal, but his efforts are repeatedly thwarted by bureaucracy. It is eventually revealed that these difficulties are intentional, and that Los Angeles is actually an experimental self-maintaining prison constructed by Martians to contain humans. Waldo returns to his job and never goes on vacation.

Notes

References

External links

First Look: Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday, Entertainment Weekly

2008 graphic novels
2008 comics debuts
2008 comics endings
American graphic novels
Comics based on films


Hang Seng China Enterprises Index is a stock market index of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong for H share, red chip, and P chip.

H share is a class of ordinary share of the mainland China incorporated company that only traded outside the mainland China; all of these companies were majority owned by the central or regional Chinese government. In contrast, civilian-run enterprises of the mainland China listed their companies in Hong Kong using "foreign"-incorporated holding companies as P chip (either Bermuda, the Cayman Islands or Hong Kong); those using the same method but majority owned by the central or regional Chinese government, was known as red chip; red chip had their own separated index.

In August 2017, it was announced that the index would be reformed, which P chip and red chip would be added to the index in March 2018.

Some of the constituents of Hang Seng China Enterprises Index was also the constituents of Hang Seng Index.

Constituents
As of August 2022 there are 50 constituent stocks.

See also
 Hang Seng Index - blue chip index of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
 Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index - index for Red chip of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong

References

External links
Official website

Hang Seng Bank stock market indices
Hong Kong stock market indices
H shares


SICOM Televisión (virtual channel 16) is the statewide public television network of the Mexican state of Puebla, with transmitters in Puebla City and Zacatlán. It is part of the  (State Telecommunications System), which also provides public radio service in the state. Covering a little over 40% of the state (by population), it offers educational, cultural and alternative programming, much of which is locally generated content intended to address the needs, expectations and lives of Pueblan society.

The network has transmitters in Puebla City and Zacatlán.

History
XHPUE-TV channel 26 received its permit in 2003, preceded by four years by the Zacatlán transmitter, originally permitted in 1999 as XHPZL-TV on channel 4. The original five-year permit for the Zacatlán transmitter expired in 2004, but XHPBZC-TDT 11 was not authorized as its replacement until 2017.

XHPUE was licensed for digital and analog transmissions on the same channel 26 in 2014; this made it one of the first two stations with such intermittent authorization, alongside XHMNL-TV in Monterrey. After several tests, it flash-cut to digital in March 2015.

On August 18, 2021, due to the impending expiration of the XHPUE-TDT concession at the end of the year, the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) authorized the modification of XHPBZC-TDT's statutory coverage area to include the entire state of Puebla, conditioned on the surrender of the Puebla City concession, which took effect December 3, 2021. At the same time, the recently renamed SET Televisión began using virtual channel 16.

In 2023, the original SICOM name was restored after a state government study found that eight out of ten residents surveyed across 21 municipalities continued to call the state network SICOM despite being out of use for twelve years.

Transmitters

|-

References

Public television in Mexico
Television channels and stations established in 2003
Mass media in Puebla (city)
2003 establishments in Mexico
Television stations in Puebla


The Faroe Islands, a self-governing nation within the Kingdom of Denmark, is not part of the EU, as explicitly asserted by both Rome treaties.

The relations of the Faroe Islands with the EU are governed by the accession treaty of Denmark to the EU, a Fisheries Agreement (1977) and a Free Trade Agreement (1991, revised 1998). The main reason for remaining outside the EU is disagreements about the Common Fisheries Policy.

EU relations
As explicitly asserted by both Rome treaties, the Faroe Islands are not part of the European Union. This means that free movement of goods, people, capital and services within the EU and other directives do not apply for the Faroe Islands. Denmark has the right to unilaterally include the Faroe Islands into EU.

A protocol to the treaty of accession of Denmark to the European Communities stipulates that Danish nationals residing in the Faroe Islands are not to be considered as Danish nationals within the meaning of the treaties (unless Faroe Islands joins the EU). Hence, Danish people living in the Faroes are not citizens of the European Union (other EU nationals living there remain EU citizens).

The Faroe Islands are not part of the Schengen Area. However, persons travelling between the Faroe Islands and the Schengen Area are not subject to border controls, although there may be identity checks when checking in for flights.

People needing a visa to Denmark will need a separate visa for the Faroe Islands, as for people with residence permits.

Charges for international services such as phone roaming and bank transfers are much higher than inside the EU.

The relations between EU and Faroe Islands were strained by the 2013 embargo, and remain tense even following the lifting of the embargo.

EU boycott against the Faroe Islands
In July 2013 the EU imposed sanctions on the Faroe Islands due to a dispute over the fishing quota of herring and mackerel. The boycott, which started on 28 August 2013, banned Faroese vessels carrying herring or mackerel from all EU ports, including Denmark, Sweden and Finland. The Faroe Islands could no longer export herring or mackerel to EU countries. The boycott was lifted on 20 August 2014 after a breakthrough in negotiations which saw the Faroese share of the total mackerel quota jump from 4.62% to 12.6%.

Euro adoption
The Faroe Islands utilize a special version of the Danish krone notes that have been printed with text in the Faroese language. It is not a separate currency and can be exchanged 1:1 with the Danish version.  Monetary policy is controlled by the Danish Central Bank. If Denmark does adopt the euro, separate referendums would be required in the Faroe Islands and Greenland to decide whether they should follow suit. Both territories have voted not to be a part of the EU in the past, and their populations will not participate in the Danish euro referendum.  On 5 November 2009 the Faroese Parliament approved a proposal to investigate the possibility for euro adoption, including an evaluation of the legal and economic impact of adopting the euro ahead of Denmark.

EU membership
There are politicians, mainly in the right-wing Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin), led by their chairman Kaj Leo Johannesen, who would like to see the Faroes as a member of the EU. However, the chairman of the left-wing Republic (Tjóðveldi), Høgni Hoydal, has expressed concerns that if the Faroes were to join the EU as is, they might vanish inside the EU, comparing this to the situation of Åland today, and wants the local government to solve the political situation between the Faroes and Denmark first.

A major concern is also fishing, which accounts for 90 percent of Faroese exports. As such a large part of their economy, the islands do not want decisions on it being made so far away as they would have so little say in the EU due to their small population. As an EU member, according to the Common Fisheries Policy they would have to give away large fish quotas in their own waters to other EU countries.

References

Third-country relations of the European Union
Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands
Denmark and the European Union


Count Frigyes Szapáry de Szapár, Muraszombat et Széchy-Sziget (15 November  1869 – 18 March 1935), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat of Hungarian origin serving as ambassador at St. Petersburg at the outbreak of World War I and who played a key role during the July Crisis of 1914.

Life
Born in Budapest on 15 November 1869 into a prominent Hungarian House of Szapáry, as the second son of Count László Szapáry (1831–1883), an Austro-Hungarian general who had played a leading role in the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878, and his wife, Countess Marianne von Grünne (1835-1906), great-granddaughter of Prince Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg. He was also a cousin of Count Gyula Szapáry, Prime Minister of Hungary from 1890 to 1892.

On 27 April 1908, he married Princess Hedwig von Windisch-Graetz (1878–1918), daughter of Alfred Fürst zu Windisch-Grätz and Princess Marie Gabrielle Eleonore von Auersperg (1855–1933). Her father had been Minister President of Austria from 1893 to 1895 and served as President of the Upper Chamber. The couple had four children of which the daughter, Countess Marianne (1911–1988), was the mother of Princess Michael of Kent.

Following studies in law, Count Szapáry joined the Austro-Hungarian foreign service and began his diplomatic career in 1895 as an attaché in Rome, followed by postings in Berlin in 1899 and Munich in 1903. In 1907, he returned to Vienna to serve in the Foreign Ministry at the Ballhausplatz and made a rapid career. Considered a rising star he was appointed as chef de cabinet to Foreign Minister Count Lexa von Aehrenthal in December 1909, a post that allowed him to exercise considerable influence over policy-making. Considered a protégé of Aehrenthal, he belonged to a group of younger diplomats (together with Count von Hoyos and Count von Forgách) who believed that the Dual Monarchy could only be saved from disintegration by a more aggressive and dynamic foreign policy. During the Balkan crisis, he had favoured armed intervention against Serbia. In April 1912, he was appointed to Second Section Chief, which was equivalent to head of the Political Section, in a period of international turmoil. Described as "gifted, quick, hard-working, and a bit mysterious", Aehrenthal's successor Count Berchtold lauded him as for "his outstanding skill in handling political issues and his judgment which far exceeded the norm".

On 1 October 1913, Count Szapáry was appointed as ambassador at St. Petersburg which was significant in the sense that he was considered a Russophobe and was far less willing to accommodate the Russians than his predecessor had been. However, he did not arrive until early the following year and he presented his credentials to the Tsar first on 14 February 1914. Due to pressing family matters, he had to leave within two weeks and returned to St. Petersburg in mid-April, staying until late May. He returned only in mid-July which meant that the Dual Monarchy lacked its chief diplomat in the Russian capital during the Sarajevo crisis, daily business being conducted by Count Czernin as chargé d'affaires.

Once back to St. Petersburg on 17 July, Count Szapáry came to play a significant role. At a diplomatic reception on 21 July, he had a sharp exchange with the visiting French President Poincaré and he held several meetings with Russian Foreign Minister Sazonov over the following days. However, as war proved inevitable it eventually fell upon him to deliver the Austro-Hungarian declaration of war against Russia on 6 August, whereupon he left St. Petersburg.

In 1915, he became a member of the Upper House (Herrenhaus), but played no further major role during the war. He was the maternal grandfather of Princess Michael of Kent.

Count Szapáry died in Vienna on 18 March 1935.

Notes

Works
 'Das Verhältnis österreich-Ungarns zu Russland' in Eduard Ritter von Steinitz (ed.), Rings um Sasonow, Berlin, Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1928.
 'Aus den Krisenjahren 1908 bis 1913', in Eduard Ritter von Steinitz (ed.), Erinnerungen an Franz Joseph I, Berlin, Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1931.

References

External links
 [www.oocities.org/veldes1/szecsen.html 'Friedrich Graf Szápáry von Muraszombat, Szechysziget, und Szápár', Solving Problems Through Force]
'Szapáry Frigyes, gróf', Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon

1869 births
1935 deaths
Austro-Hungarian diplomats of World War I
Diplomats from Austria-Hungary
Austrian diplomats
Hungarian diplomats
Hungarian nobility
Frigyes
Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Ambassadors of Austria-Hungary to Russia


Langenprozelten is an outlying centre (Stadtteil) of Gemünden am Main in the Main-Spessart district, in Bavaria, Germany. It lies on the river Main, 40 km northwest of Würzburg.

References

Main-Spessart


Franz Edler von Sonnleithner (June 1, 1905 – April 18, 1981) was a diplomat who acted as Ribbentrop's representative in Adolf Hitler's headquarters during the later years of the war with the rank of minister.

Life
Sonnleithner was born in Salzburg, Austria and studied law in Vienna and Innsbruck, where he gained a doctorate in 1928. He was then a police commissioner in Vienna and Salzburg and worked in the Federal Chancellery in Vienna. In October 1934, Sonnleithner was removed from office due to his advocacy for the unification of Germany and Austria, as well as his involvement in the Nazi Party, which had been banned. Sonnleithner was arrested for involvement in the Nazi Party in 1936, and sentenced to six years in prison for high treason. He remained in prison until February 12, 1938, when he was released due to the upcoming Anschluss. After joining the Reich Foreign Office, Sonnleithner worked on the personal staff of the Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.

Sonnleithner was present at the situation conference in 1944 at the Wolf's Lair headquarters in Rastenburg, East Prussia when the 20 July plot bomb was planted by Claus Von Stauffenberg. From April 1945 to 1948, he was held in American internment camps. Sonnleithner then worked in industry in Ingelheim am Rhein where he died aged 75.

See also
Sonnleithner

Bibliography
Sonnleithner, Franz von (1989), Als Diplomat im Fuhrerhauptquartier: Aus dem Nachlass, Langen Müller, Munich,

References

1905 births
1981 deaths
Austrian Nazi lawyers
Austrian police officers convicted of crimes
Austrian prisoners and detainees
Edlers of Austria
German diplomats
People from Salzburg
Nazis convicted of crimes
Police officers convicted of treason
People convicted of treason against Austria
People wounded in the 20 July plot
Prisoners and detainees of the United States military


Foodex is a chain of locally owned independent grocery stores in rural areas of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is owned by Atlantic Grocery Distributors Limited of Bay Roberts, Newfoundland and Labrador.

See also
List of Canadian supermarkets

External links
Atlantic Grocery Distributors - Retail

Supermarkets of Canada
Food and drink in Newfoundland and Labrador
Companies based in Newfoundland and Labrador


United Nations Security Council resolution 819, adopted unanimously on 16 April 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 713 (1991) and all (1992) subsequent resolutions, the Council expressed concern at the actions of Bosnian Serb paramilitary units in towns and villages in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, including attacks on civilians, the United Nations Protection Force and disruption to humanitarian aid convoys. The resolution marked the UN's first civilian "safe area" being declared; it failed to prevent the Srebrenica massacre.

Resolution
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council went on to demand that all parties and others concerned treat Srebrenica and its surroundings as a safe area which should be free from any armed attack or any other hostile act, further demanding the cessation of all hostilities and withdrawal by Bosnian Serb paramilitary forces from areas around Srebrenica. This was the first instance of a civilian "safe area" being declared in the world. It also demanded that Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cease supplying weapons, military equipment and other services to Bosnian Serb paramilitary units in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The resolution then requested the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to increase the presence of the protection force in Srebrenica and surrounding areas requesting full co-operation from parties and others concerned and for Boutros-Ghali to report thereon to the council. 147 peacekeepers were later deployed to reassure Bosnian Serb General Ratko Mladic that the town would not be used as a base to attack his forces. It also reaffirmed that the acquisition of territory by threat or use of force, particularly through ethnic cleansing, is unlawful and unacceptable in international humanitarian law. The council condemned the "abhorrent campaign of ethnic cleansing" by the Bosnian Serb paramilitaries and its actions of forcing the evacuation of the civilian population from Srebrenica.

Regarding humanitarian aid, the council demanded the unimpeded delivery of humanitarian assistance to all areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in particular to the civilian population of Srebrenica and that any disruption to the delivery constitutes a violation of international humanitarian law. It then urged the secretary-general and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to reinforce the existing humanitarian operations in the region.

Finally, Resolution 819 demanded that all parties ensure the safety of the protection force, United Nations personnel and other international organisations, allowing for the safe transfer of injured civilians from Srebrenica and its surrounding areas, and announced its decision to send a mission of members of the security council to assess the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The "safe area" would later be extended to other towns including Tuzla, Žepa, Bihać, Goražde and Sarajevo in Resolution 824.

Ineffectiveness
Despite its preemptive wording, Resolution 819 failed to prevent the Srebrenica massacre in July 1995, when the United Nations Protection Force were taken prisoner and the refugees from the fallen enclave fell into the hands of the forces of Bosnian Serb General Ratko Mladić, subsequently indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for war crimes including genocide.

In his chronology of events at Srebrenica, Under the UN Flag, the genocide survivor Hasan Nuhanović criticises members of the international community involved on the ground or indirectly influencing or capable of influencing events for specific failures to fulfil their responsibility to protect the Muslim population of the besieged "safe area" under Resolution 819.

See also
 Breakup of Yugoslavia
 Bosnian Genocide
 Bosnian War
 Croatian War of Independence
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 801 to 900 (1993–1994)
 Yugoslav Wars

References

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 0819
 0819
Bosnian War
1993 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 0819
April 1993 events


Powerful Women of Wrestling (also known as POWW) was a women's professional wrestling promotion based out of Indianapolis, Indiana founded by David McLane, founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling and Women of Wrestling.

History
After David McLane left Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling (GLOW), he returned to Indianapolis and created Powerful Women of Wrestling (POWW). Many wrestlers left GLOW due to pay disputes and joined McLane's new POWW promotion under altered ring names. Unlike GLOW (which focused on comedy, variety, and skits), POWW focused more on actual wrestling. POWW was aligned with World Wrestling Association in Indianapolis and their titles were sometimes referred to as the WWA Women's Championship and WWA Women's Tag Team Championship. They were also briefly aligned with the American Wrestling Association during 1989. That same year, many of the POWW wrestlers were featured in the 1989 film American Angels- Baptism of Blood. The promotion closed the following year in 1990.

Alumni

Bambi (Selina Majors)
Brandi Mae (Trudy Adams) - Formerly "Amy the Farmer's Daughter" in GLOW
Candi Devine (Candace Rummel)
Coal Miner's Daughter (Donna Spangler)
Danya
Destiny
Devila
Essence - Formerly "Envy" in GLOW
Futura (Kathleen Blair)
Genie Beret / Jeanie Beret (Laura Fisher) - Formerly "Attache" in GLOW
Goldie Rae (Ursula Hayden) - Formerly "Babe the Farmers Daughter" in GLOW
Heidi Lee Morgan
Hot Rod Andie - Formerly "Angel" in GLOW
Insanity - Formerly "Dementia" in GLOW
Katie Kincaid
Kimmie Kozak
Lady Soul/Essence - Formerly "Envy" in Glow
Liberty (Susan Phelan)
Lock (Winona Barkley)
Luna Vachon (Gertrude Vachon)
Madusa Miceli (Debra Miceli)
Malibu (Jane Hamlin) - Formerly "California Doll" in GLOW
Natasha the Russian (Noelle Rose) - Also "Major Tanya" in GLOW
Nina (Lisa Moretti) - Formerly "Tina Ferrari" in GLOW
Paisley
Passion
Peggy Lee Leather
Pocahontas
Polynesian Princess
Princess Jasmine (Cynthia Peretti) - Formerly "Pepper" in GLOW
Queen Kong (Dee Booher) - Formerly "Matilda the Hun" in GLOW
Rockin' Rebel (Robin Kelly)
Sasha the Russian (Michelle Duze) - Formerly "Dementia" & "Sugar" in GLOW
Shannon O'Brien
Susie Steele
'The Syrian Terrorist' Pali Al-Azar Rashan Yerovich (Janeen Jewett) - Formerly "Palestina" in GLOW
Thora the Barbarian (Ann Marie Cosgrove)
Tiffany Crystal (Natalie Will)
Wendi Richter

Championships

POWW Championship
Natasha the Russian was the first POWW Champion. She lost the title on the second TV episode. Nina was the second POWW Champion. She lost the title to Sasha the Russian, but later regained it. The title was also referred to as the WWA Women's Championship.

Belt design
Initially, the title was a crown worn by the champion and was referred to as the "POWW Crown". Eventually the crown was replaced by a white sash belt with metal studs spelling the words "POWW Champion" fastened on the sash.

POWW Tag Team Championship
Luna Vachon and Hot Rod Andie defeated The Blonde Bombshells (Brandi Mae and Malibu) to become the first POWW Tag Team Champions. The titles were also referred to as the WWA Women's Tag Team Championship.

References

External links

POWW and GLOW matches

1987 American television series debuts
1990 American television series endings
Independent professional wrestling promotions based in the Midwestern United States
Women's professional wrestling promotions
Professional wrestling in Indiana
Women's sports in Indiana
History of women in Indiana


The Sixteen Men of Tain is the tenth studio album by guitarist Allan Holdsworth, released in March 2000 through Gnarly Geezer Records (United States), Polydor Records (Japan) and JMS–Cream Records (Europe); a remastered edition was reissued in 2003 through Globe Music Media Arts. The album's title is a reference to the Glenmorangie distillery in Tain, Scotland. The Sixteen Men of Tain was the last recording to be made at Holdsworth's personal recording studio, The Brewery.

Critical reception

All About Jazz described The Sixteen Men of Tain as a "very comfortable listen" and recommended it highly, whilst noting that the album is less rock-orientated than past Holdsworth releases. David R. Adler at AllMusic awarded the album 4.5 stars out of 5, calling it "startlingly superb" and "full of fresh ideas and unadulterated improvisational brilliance". Both reviews also highlighted Holdsworth's more restrained use of the SynthAxe, an instrument featured prominently on all of his albums since Atavachron (1986).

Track listing

Personnel
Allan Holdsworth – guitar, SynthAxe, engineering, mixing, production
Gary Novak – drums (except track 6)
Chad Wackerman – drums (track 6)
Dave Carpenter – bass
Walt Fowler – trumpet
Duncan Aldrich – engineering
Chris Bellman – mastering

References

External links
The Sixteen Men of Tain at therealallanholdsworth.com (archived)
Allan Holdsworth "The Sixteen Men Of Tain" at Guitar Nine

Allan Holdsworth albums
2000 albums
Polydor Records albums


Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Paralympics consisted of 56 events, 34 for men and 22 for women.

Medal table

Medal summary
The competition events were:
Downhill: men – women
Giant slalom: men – women
Slalom: men – women
Alpine combination: men – women

Each event had separate standing, or visually impaired classifications:

LW2 - standing: single leg amputation above the knee
LW 3 - standing: double leg amputation below the knee, mild cerebral palsy, or equivalent impairment
LW4 - standing: single leg amputation below the knee
LW5/7 - standing: double arm amputation
LW6/8 - standing: single arm amputation
LW9 - standing: amputation or equivalent impairment of one arm and one leg
B1 - visually impaired: no functional vision
B2 - visually impaired: up to ca 3-5% functional vision

Men's events

Women's events

See also
Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics

References

 Winter Sport Classification, Canadian Paralympic Committee

1984 Winter Paralympics events
1984
Paralympics


Allen Seymour Tedrow (December 14, 1891 – January 23, 1958) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched in four games for the Cleveland Naps in . Although he had an impressive ERA of 1.21 (against a league average of 2.87) in 22 innings, he never pitched in the majors after that.

Sources

Major League Baseball pitchers
Cleveland Naps players
Akron Champs players
Ironton Nailers players
Lexington Colts players
Portsmouth Cobblers players
Baseball players from Ohio
People from Westerville, Ohio
1891 births
1958 deaths


Jimmy Connor may refer to:

Jimmy Connor (footballer, born 1881), Scottish association football defender who played for Blackpool
Jimmy Connor (footballer, born 1909) (1909–1980), association football winger who played for Sunderland and Scotland
Jimmy Connor (footballer, born 1938), English association football winger who played for Darlington

See also
James Connor (disambiguation)
Jimmy Connors (born 1952), tennis player
Jimmy O'Connor, footballer
Jimmy O'Connor (author) (1918–2001), television playwright


The list of episodes for the Nickelodeon sitcom True Jackson, VP. The series revolves around True Jackson (Keke Palmer), a fashion-savvy teenage girl who becomes the vice president of the youth apparel division of Mad Style, a fashion company based in New York City.

The series premiered on November 8, 2008 and ended on August 20, 2011, with 60 episodes and 3 seasons.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2008–09)

Season 2 (2009–10)

Season 3 (2010–11)

See also
List of True Jackson, VP characters

References

External links

Lists of American sitcom episodes
Lists of American children's television series episodes
Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes


The women's 400 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event, which was established in 1924 after 1920 a 300 metre event was held. The competition was held on Thursday August 11, 1932 and on Saturday August 13, 1932.

Fourteen swimmers from nine nations competed.

Medalists

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1932 Summer Olympics.

In the third heat Lenore Kight set a new Olympic record with 5:40.9 minutes. Helene Madison set a new world record in the final with 5:28.5 minutes.

Results

Heats

Thursday August 11, 1932: The fastest two in each heat and the fastest third-placed from across the heats advanced to the final.

Heat 1

Heat 2

Heat 3

Heat 4

Semifinals

Friday August 12, 1932: The fastest three in each semi-final advanced to the final. Marie Braun was not able to compete in the semi-finals. She had to stay in hospital due to blood poisoning after an infection officially caused by a mosquito bite.

Semifinal 1

Semifinal 2

Final

Saturday August 13, 1932:

References

External links
Olympic Report

Swimming at the 1932 Summer Olympics
1932 in women's swimming
Swim


With Love is Bobby Vinton's twenty-fourth and final studio album for Epic Records and his twenty-fifth album overall. It was released in 1974, two years after Epic released Vinton from his contract with them and immediately after the release of Melodies of Love (Vinton's first album for ABC Records). The purpose of this release was to take advantage of the success of the aforementioned Melodies of Love and his biggest hit at the time "My Melody of Love". Two of the ten songs had previously been released on other albums, including "And I Love You So", a new version of the song originally recorded for Ev'ry Day of Life, this time produced by Billy Sherrill and arranged by Cam Mullins.

Track listing

Side 1
 "Seasons in the Sun" - (Rod McKuen, Jacques Brel) - 3:24
 "And I Love You So" - (Don McLean) - 2:55
 "When You Love" - (Bobby Vinton) - 2:40
 "Moody" - (Ekundayo Paris, Anna Mitchell) - 2:43
 "She's Gotta Be a Saint" - (J. Paulini, Michael Di Napoli) - 2:30

Side 2
 "Sealed With a Kiss" - (Peter Udell, Gary Geld) - 2:52 (previously on Sealed With a Kiss)
 "Hurt" - (Jimmie Crane, Al Jacobs) - 2:57
 "I Love You the Way You Are" - (Bobby Vinton) - 2:46 (previously on Bobby Vinton Sings The Big Ones)
 "Clinging Vine" - (Earl Shuman, Leon Carr, Gary Lane) - 2:27 (previously on More of Bobby's Greatest Hits)
 "I Can't Believe That It's All Over" - (Ben Peters) - 2:24

Personnel
Bobby Vinton - producer
Billy Sherrill - producer ("And I Love You So" and "I Can't Believe That It's All Over")
Jimmy Wisner - producer ("Seasons in the Sun")
Bob Morgan - producer ("Clinging Vine")
Dick Glasser - producer ("Moody")
Al Capps - arranger ("Sealed With a Kiss", "Hurt" and "I Love You the Way You Are")
Bill Pursell - string arrangements ("I Can't Believe That It's All Over")
Cam Mullins - arranger ("And I Love You So")

Charts

Singles

1974 albums
Bobby Vinton albums
Albums produced by Billy Sherrill
Albums produced by Dick Glasser
Epic Records albums


The 1990 All-Pro Team is composed of the National Football League players that were named to the Associated Press, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Pro Football Writers Association, Pro Football Weekly, and The Sporting News All-Pro Teams in 1990. Both first and second teams are listed for the AP and NEA teams. These are the five teams that are included in Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League.

Teams

Key
 AP = Associated Press first-team All-Pro
 AP-2 = Associated Press second-team All-Pro
 NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association first-team All-Pro team
 NEA-2 = Newspaper Enterprise Association second-team All-Pro team
 PFW = Pro Football Weekly All-Pro team
 PFWA = Pro Football Writers Association All-NFL
 TSN = The Sporting News All-Pro

References
Pro-Football-Reference.com

Allpro
All-Pro Teams


Mark Vaillant (born September 8, 1989 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a French former figure skater. He is a two-time Crystal Skate of Romania medalist and a two-time French national junior bronze medalist. At the 2009 World Junior Championships, he qualified to the free skate and finished 18th overall.

Earlier in his career, he competed in domestic events in the United States as a single skater and as a pair skater with Mariclair Vaillant.

Vaillant holds dual French-American citizenship. He attended Sciences Po Paris before working in emerging markets at Goldman Sachs in London and more recently as a VP in a similar role at Morgan Stanley.

Programs

Competitive highlights
JGP: ISU Junior Grand Prix

References

External links

French male single skaters
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Living people
1989 births
University of Paris alumni


Anchomanes is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus is native to tropical Africa.

Anchomanes is quite similar to species in the genera Dracontium and Amorphophallus, but there are a few apparent differences. One such difference is that the roots are perennial. Also, the stalks are spiny and the tuberous rhizomes have eyes.

Species
Anchomanes abbreviatus Engl. - Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique
Anchomanes boehmii Engl. - Kigoma region of western Tanzania
Anchomanes dalzielii N.E.Br. - Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl. - much of tropical Africa from Liberia to Tanzania, south to Angola and Zambia
Anchomanes giganteus Engl. - Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Zaire, Burundi
Anchomanes nigritianus Rendle - Gabon, Nigeria

References

Aroideae
Araceae genera
Flora of Africa


Patrick "Pat" Dwyer (born June 22, 1983) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League with the Carolina Hurricanes. He was originally selected by the Atlanta Thrashers in the fourth round, 116th overall, of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.

He remains within the Hurricanes organization, currently serving as an assistant coach to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL).

Playing career
After 9 seasons within the Carolina Hurricanes organization, Dwyer left the club having played in 416 regular season games as a free agent. Dwyer was unable to attain an NHL contract over the summer and on September 19, 2015, accepted a try-out offer to attend the Arizona Coyotes training camp. At the conclusion of training camp, Dwyer was released from his try-out contract with the Coyotes. With the 2015–16 season underway, Dwyer belatedly signed a contract abroad in Sweden for the remainder of the campaign with Modo Hockey of the SHL on October 22, 2015. Adding depth in a checking line role, Dwyer was unable to contribute offensively, producing just 7 assists in 33 games as Modo were relegated to the HockeyAllsvenskan.

As a free agent over the summer, Dwyer returned to North America and agreed to an invitation to attend the Columbus Blue Jackets training camp on a professional try-out on September 21, 2016. Upon his release from the Blue Jackets, Dwyer returned to the Hurricanes fold in preparation for the 2016–17 season, signing a one-year AHL contract with affiliate, the Charlotte Checkers on October 11, 2016.

After a spell in Denmark, Dwyer moved to the UK to sign for the Belfast Giants on 26 July 2018. In his last professional season in 2018–19, Dwyer added a veteran and dominating scoring presence to the Giants, posting 25 goals and 61 points in 38 games. While also serving in a player-assistant coach role, Dwyer was named to the EIHL Second All-Star Team and captured the EIHL championship.

Coaching career
Having served as an assistant coach during his last playing season with the Belfast Giants, Dwyer returned to North America following his retirement and re-joined the Carolina Hurricanes organization in accepting an assistant coaching role with former club, the Charlotte Checkers of the AHL, on July 30, 2019. In 2020, he was named an assistant coach with the Hurricanes' new AHL affiliate, the Chicago Wolves.

Personal life
Dwyer was born in Spokane, Washington and raised in Great Falls, Montana

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honors

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Albany River Rats players
American men's ice hockey right wingers
Atlanta Thrashers draft picks
Belfast Giants players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Charlotte Checkers (2010–) players
Chicago Wolves players
Gwinnett Gladiators players
Ice hockey people from Montana
Ice hockey people from Washington (state)
Modo Hockey players
SønderjyskE Ishockey players
Sportspeople from Great Falls, Montana
Sportspeople from Spokane, Washington
Western Michigan Broncos men's ice hockey players
American expatriate ice hockey players in Denmark
American expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
American expatriate ice hockey players in Northern Ireland


The El Paso Generals were a professional indoor football team that played in the Indoor Football League in the 2009 season.  Based in El Paso, Texas, the Generals played their home games at the El Paso County Coliseum.  The Generals were the first indoor football team in El Paso since the charter Intense Football League member the El Paso Rumble folded following their only season in 2004 and had finished 0–16.

History
In 2011, former general manager, Dart Clark, tried to revive the Generals franchise, but it never came to fruition.

Season records

References

External links
El Paso Generals (under construction)
El Paso Times story announcing Generals' name & logo

Former Indoor Football League teams
American football in El Paso, Texas
Sports clubs and teams in El Paso, Texas
Defunct American football teams in Texas
American football teams established in 2009
American football teams disestablished in 2009
2009 establishments in Texas
2009 disestablishments in Texas


In physics, vector meson dominance (VMD) was a model developed by J. J. Sakurai in the 1960s before the introduction of quantum chromodynamics to describe interactions between energetic photons and hadronic matter.

In particular, the hadronic components of the physical photon consist of the lightest vector mesons, ,  and . Therefore, interactions between photons and hadronic matter occur by the exchange of a hadron between the dressed photon and the hadronic target.

Background

Measurements of the interaction between energetic photons and hadrons show that the interaction is much more intense than expected by the interaction of merely photons with the hadron's electric charge. Furthermore, the interaction of energetic photons with protons is similar to the interaction of photons with neutrons in spite of the fact that the electric charge structures of protons and neutrons are substantially different.

According to VMD, the photon is a superposition of the pure electromagnetic photon (which interacts only with electric charges) and vector meson.

Just after 1970, when more accurate data on the above processes became available, some discrepancies with the VMD predictions appeared and new extensions of the model were published. These theories are known as Generalized Vector Meson Dominance theories (GVMD).

VMD and Hidden Local Symmetry
Whilst the ultraviolet description of the standard model is based on QCD, work over many decades has involved writing a low energy effective description of QCD, and further, positing a possible "dual" description. One such popular description is that of the hidden local symmetry. The dual description is based on the idea of emergence of gauge symmetries in the infrared of strongly coupled theories. Gauge symmetries are not really physical symmetries (only the global elements of the local gauge group are physical). This emergent property of gauge symmetries was demonstrated in Seiberg duality and later in the development of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In its generalised form, Vector Meson Dominance appears in AdS/CFT, AdS/QCD, AdS/condensed matter and some Seiberg dual constructions. It is therefore a common place idea within the theoretical physics community.

Criticism
Measurements of the photon-hadron interactions in higher energy levels show that VMD cannot predict the interaction in such levels. In his Nobel lecture J.I. Friedman summarizes the situation of VMD as follows:
"...this eliminated the model [VMD] as a possible description of deep inelastic scattering... calculations of the generalized vector-dominance failed in general to describe the data over the full kinematic range..."

The Vector Meson Dominance model still sometimes makes significantly more accurate predictions of hadronic decays of excited light mesons involving photons than subsequent models such as the relativistic quark model for the meson wave function and the covariant oscillator quark model. Similarly, the Vector Meson Dominance model has outperformed perturbative QCD in making predictions of transitional form factors of the neutral pion meson, the eta meson, and the eta prime meson, that are "hard to explain within QCD." And, the model accurately reproduces recent experimental data for rho meson decays. Generalizations of the Vector Meson Dominance model to higher energies, or to consider additional factors present in cases where VMD fails, have been proposed to address the shortcomings identified by Friedman and others.

See also
Matter creation
Photon structure function

Notes

Particle physics
Nuclear physics
Obsolete theories in physics


Noisy data are data that is corrupted, distorted, or has a low signal-to-noise ratio.  Improper procedures (or improperly-documented procedures) to subtract out the noise in data can lead to a false sense of accuracy or false conclusions.

Noisy data are data with a large amount of additional meaningless information in it called noise.  This includes data corruption and the term is often used as a synonym for corrupt data. It also includes any data that a user system cannot understand and interpret correctly. Many systems, for example, cannot use unstructured text. Noisy data can adversely affect the results of any data analysis and skew conclusions if not handled properly. Statistical analysis is sometimes used to weed the noise out of noisy data.

Sources of noise

Differences in real-world measured data from the true values come about from by multiple factors affecting the measurement.

Random noise is often a large component of the noise in data.  Random noise in a signal is measured as the signal-to-noise ratio.  Random noise contains almost equal amounts of a wide range of frequencies, and is also called white noise (as colors of light combine to make white).  Random noise is an unavoidable problem.  It affects the data collection and data preparation processes, where errors commonly occur.  Noise has two main sources: errors introduced by measurement tools and random errors introduced by processing or by experts when the data is gathered.

Improper filtering can add noise if the filtered signal is treated as if it were a directly measured signal.  As an example, Convolution-type digital filters such a moving average can have side effects such as lags or truncation of peaks.  Differentiating digital filters amplifies random noise in the original data.

Outlier data are data that appear to not belong in the data set.  It can be caused by human error such as transposing numerals, mislabeling, programming bugs, etc.  If actual outliers are not removed from the data set, they corrupt the results to a small or large degree depending on circumstances.  If valid data is identified as an outlier and is mistakenly removed, that also corrupts results.

Fraud:  Individuals may deliberately skew data to influence the results toward a desired conclusion.  Data that looks good with few outliers reflects well on the individual collecting it, and so there may be incentive to remove more data as outliers or make the data look smoother than it is.

References

Noise
Digital audio


The Boston Bears were a professional American football team that competed in the third American Football League in 1940.  Owned by Sheldon H. Fairbanks, the team played its home games in the Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts. Coach Eddie Casey’s team was a competitive one, finishing the 1940 season with a 5-4-1 record, good for third place in the AFL, behind league champions Columbus Bullies and second-place Milwaukee Chiefs.

But success on the field did not transform itself into success in the stands. The Bears became the third professional football team to leave Boston in the space of four years (behind the Redskins of the NFL (which moved to Washington in 1937) and the Boston Shamrocks (of the defunct second American Football League, which folded in 1937; the Shamrocks lasted one more year as an independent team before calling it quits). Before the league’s annual preseason meeting, Fairbanks announced the dissolution of the team (in the meeting, the league tabbed Detroit for an expansion team for the 1941 season to replace the Bears; the team later asked the league for a deferment until 1942, which was granted; but the league suspended operations in the wake of the Pearl Harbor attack and the U.S. entry into World War II). Boston would welcome the Boston Yanks of the NFL in the late 1940s, but not have a stable major league football franchise until 1960, when the fourth American Football League’s Boston Patriots started play.

References

Defunct American football teams
American football teams in Boston
American football teams established in 1940
American football teams disestablished in 1941
American Football League (1940) teams
1940 establishments in Massachusetts
1941 disestablishments in Massachusetts


The 1915 Vanceboro international bridge bombing was an attempt to destroy the Saint Croix-Vanceboro Railway Bridge on February 2, 1915, by Imperial German spies.

This international bridge crossed the St. Croix River between the border hamlets of St. Croix in the Canadian province of New Brunswick and Vanceboro in the U.S. state of Maine. At the time of the sabotage attempt in 1915, the bridge was jointly owned and operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway  on the Canadian side and the Maine Central Railroad  on the American side.

The bombing was masterminded by then spymaster Franz von Papen and executed by Werner Horn. The bomb failed to destroy the bridge but made it unsafe to use until minor repairs were done. The explosion did however blow out windows in nearby buildings in St. Croix and Vanceboro.

Background

In 1915 the United States was still a neutral country in World War I. The Canadian Pacific Railway was enjoined from carrying any war goods or troops onto or through United States territory. After Japan entered the war in 1914 on behalf of its British ally, Germany feared that Japan might send troops to the Western Front, across the Pacific Ocean and through Canada, en route. The German government was convinced that would occur and ordered that the Canadian railway system be interrupted.

At the outbreak of World War I, Werner Horn was a German reserve army lieutenant who had been in Moka, Guatemala, as the manager of a coffee plantation. After hearing about the outbreak of war, he departed the plantation looking to return to Germany. From Moka, he proceeded to British Honduras, and from there sailed to Galveston, Texas, and onwards to New York City. He was unable to depart for Germany due to the British blockade in the North Sea. After attempting to set sail for over a month, he travelled to Mexico City to return to the plantation. While there, he learned that someone else had taken his job. He found work at another plantation in Salto de Agua, Chiapas, but before he could leave, he received a card telling him to return to Germany.

On December 26, 1914, Horn travelled to New Orleans and then returned to New York, where he stayed in the Arietta Hotel. While there he met Franz von Papen, the military attaché of the German Embassy in Washington, DC. Von Papen was seeking saboteurs to disrupt Canadian railways and thought that Horn, who was eager to serve the fatherland, was an ideal candidate. Von Papen went on to explain to the zealous Horn that the bombing would be seen as an act of courage and valour in Germany and that no one would be killed in the process. The bridge was heavily used at the time, and there was a good chance that a train would be caught up in any explosion. Horn was paid $700 ($ in ) to destroy the St. Croix-Vanceboro railway bridge.

Bombing
Horn left New York from Grand Central Terminal on a New Haven Railroad passenger train to Boston on January 29, 1915, carrying a suitcase of dynamite. He took the overnight train out of Boston (operated by the Boston and Maine Railroad), placing the suitcase of explosives in a lower berth. Horn's sleeping car was transferred to the Maine Central Railroad in Portland and proceeded east across Maine to the Maine Central's eastern terminus at the border hamlet of Vanceboro the following day. Upon arrival in Vanceboro, Horn checked into the Exchange Hotel and was observed hiding the suitcase in a wood pile outdoors while scouting the railway bridge on the border over the St. Croix River several hundred feet to the east; this bridge was jointly owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Maine Central Railroad. At least three Vanceboro residents reported his suspicious behaviour to the US immigration inspector. The inspector interviewed Horn at the hotel, and Horn assured him that he was merely a Danish farmer looking to purchase land in the area. Horn spent the next two days maintaining a low profile and watching the extremely-busy Canadian Pacific Railway main line to determine the schedule of trains.

On the night of Monday, February 1, 1915, Horn checked out of the hotel claiming to be catching a train that evening. He apparently changed into a German army uniform to avoid being convicted of being a spy (and potentially executed) before proceeding to the railway bridge over the St. Croix River sometime after midnight.

Horn proceeded to position a suitcase filled with explosives on the Canadian side of the bridge but was interrupted by an oncoming train and was forced to move out of its path. After he was sure that it had passed, he proceeded to reposition the explosives. He was interrupted a second time by another train. Puzzled and not wanting to kill anyone, he waited until 1:07 a.m. on February 2 before again repositioning the bomb on a girder. Horn cut the fuse, which changed the time before the explosion from fifty minutes to only three. Horn lit the fuse with a cigar and somehow made it back to the Exchange Hotel through a gale in  temperature before the dynamite exploded. At 1:10 a.m. on Tuesday, February 2, 1915, the bomb exploded, blowing out windows across Vanceboro and St. Croix and exposing residents to the freezing air outside. Some iron beams on the bridge were twisted or bent, but the damage was relatively minor.

Horn had frostbite on his hands and was assisted by the hotel's proprietor, who allowed him to check back in for the night. The proprietor connected the explosion with Horn's suspicious presence and, upon being informed by residents of the community who had discovered the source and target of the explosion, informed the CPR, which closed the bridge and rerouted trains pending a safety inspection.

Railway officials inspected the bridge the following morning and discovered the damage was relatively minor, resulting in the bridge being out of service for only several days.

Arrest and imprisonment
The sheriff for Vanceboro, along with two Canadian police officers from McAdam, New Brunswick, who crossed the border to provide assistance, detained Horn at the hotel. Horn reportedly changed into his German army uniform (to avoid being arrested as a spy, which was an executable offence) and surrendered to American authorities. Since the bomb exploded on the Canadian (St. Croix, New Brunswick) side of the bridge, the only charge that the United States could initially lay against Horn to detain him was a mischief charge for breaking windows in Vanceboro.

Horn was moved soon thereafter to a jail in Machias, Maine for his safety (Vanceboro residents were upset with him over the damage that he had caused them) while Canadian authorities began the process of seeking his extradition. Horn was interrogated by the Bureau of Investigation for several days and signed a confession with an agreed-upon statement of facts in which he revealed the details of his crime.

Horn faced a federal grand jury in Boston at the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts and was indicted on March 2, 1915, for his most serious crime while in the United States, a charge of transporting explosives on a common carrier that also transported passengers for hire. He was sentenced to serve 18 months at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Georgia.

After serving his sentence, Horn was extradited to Canada in October 1919 and was tried in the Court of King's Bench of New Brunswick in Fredericton. He was found guilty and sentenced to serve 10 years at Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick. Horn was assessed by Canadian prison authorities to be insane in July 1921, when he was released and deported to Germany. He was in fact suffering from the advanced stages of syphilis.

Notes

References

External links
"Seek to Extradite Bridge Dynamiter", Evening Star. (Washington, D.C.), 03 Feb. 1915. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.
"German Rocks C.P.R. Bridge with Dynamite", New-York Tribune. (New York [N.Y.]), 03 Feb. 1915. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.

Conflicts in 1915
1915 crimes in Canada
Accidents and incidents involving Canadian Pacific Railway
Accidents and incidents involving Maine Central Railroad
Rail transport in New Brunswick
Rail transportation in Maine
Disasters in New Brunswick
Disasters in Maine
History of Maine
United States in World War I
World War I spies for Germany
Acts of sabotage
Canadian home front during World War I
Transportation disasters in Maine
1915 in rail transport
1915 in New Brunswick
1915 in Maine
Terrorist incidents in the 1910s
United States home front during World War I
1915 crimes in the United States
February 1915 events
Attacks on bridges
Franz von Papen
Canada–United States border
Bridge disasters in Canada
Bridge disasters in the United States
Bridge disasters in North America


Lu Han () was a Chinese politician during the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong.

Background
Very little is known about Lu Han's background, and his date of birth is not known, as, contrary to the case with most other Tang chancellors, there was no biography of him in either the Old Book of Tang or the New Book of Tang. He was from the "second house of northern ancestry" (北祖第二房) of the prominent Lu clan of Fanyang, although Lu Han's male line ancestors for several generations prior to his grandfather Lu Lübing (盧履冰), during the Tang dynasty, had not served as governmental officials.  Lu Lübing served as a low-level official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng), while Lu Han's father Lu Zhengji (盧正己) served as a minister of justice.

As chancellor
In 784, while Emperor Dezong was at Fengtian (奉天, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi) because the capital Chang'an was occupied by the rebel Zhu Ci's state of Han, Lu Han, who was then deputy minister of civil service affairs (吏部侍郎, Libu Shilang), was made the deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎, Bingbu Shilang) and given the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto.  Few of his acts were recorded in history.  In 784, when fellow chancellor Xiao Fu suggested that Chen Shaoyou (陳少遊) the military governor (Jiedushi) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) be replaced with Wei Gao, Emperor Dezong ordered Xiao to only discuss the matter with another chancellor, Liu Congyi, excluding Lu and Li Mian from the discussion, and Xiao's refusal to do so eventually led to Xiao's resignation.  Around the new year 785, Lu was given the additional title as overseer of Taiwei Palace (太微宮).  In spring 785, Lu and Liu were recorded as not having dared to oppose the promotion of former chancellor Lu Qi, whom the popular sentiment had blamed for the rebellions of Zhu and Li Huaiguang.  In 786, Lu Han was removed from his chancellor post and made an advisor to Emperor Dezong's crown prince Li Song.  That was the last historical record regarding Lu in history, and it is not known when he died.

Notes and references

 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 229, 231.

8th-century births
Year of death unknown
Chancellors under Emperor Dezong of Tang
Lu clan of Fanyang


Ahmet Arvasi (February 15, 1932 – December 31, 1988), commonly known as Seyyid Ahmet Arvasi, was a writer and philosopher of Kurdish origin. He is known for expounding upon the ideology of the “Turkish-Islamic Synthesis Doctrine” and its effect on Turkey. He was born in Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı, Turkey. His family is from Van Province. His father Seyyid Abdulhakim Arvasi (1865–1943) was a Sunni Islamic scholar during the late Ottoman and early Republic periods of Turkey.

His life
Ahmet Arvasi graduated from the Erzurum Teachers' College and worked as an elementary school teacher for a while. In 1958 he graduated from the Department of Pedagogy of the Gazi Education Institution. He worked as a lecturer at the education institutions in Balıkesir, Bursa, and İstanbul respectively then retired in 1979. In the same year he was elected as a member of the General Administration Board of the Nationalist Movement Party (, MHP) and served his term until the 12 September 1980 Turkish coup d'état. After the coup d'état he was detained and tried for conspiring against the Nationalist Movement Party.

Ahmet Arvasi has published several daily columns, articles, and books. He also delivered many speeches at several conferences and seminars. Before his death, he was a columnist of Türkiye daily. He died on 31 December 1988 in front of his typewriter while he was drafting his daily column for Türkiye daily.

His books
Türk-İslam Ülküsü (Turkish-Islamic Idealism) (3 volumes)
Kendini Arayan İnsan (Human Looking For Himself)
İnsan ve İnsan Ötesi (Human and Beyond the Human Being)
Diyalektiğimiz ve Estetiğimiz (Our Dialectic and Our Aesthetics)
Şiirlerim (My Poems)
Eğitim Sosyolojisi (Education Sociology)
Doğu Anadolu Gerçeği (Southeast Reality)
İleri Türk Milliyetçiliğinin İlkeleri (Principles of Advanced Turkish Nationalism)
Hasbihal (Causeries) (6 volumes)
İnsanın Yalnızlığı (Loneliness of the Human Being)

References

Turkish writers
People from Doğubayazıt
1932 births
1988 deaths
Kurdish writers


Adelsberg is an outlying centre (Stadtteil) of Gemünden am Main in the Main-Spessart district, in Bavaria, Germany. It lies roughly 40 km northwest of Würzburg.

References

Main-Spessart


Van Veghten's Bridge is a bridge spanning the Raritan River in Somerset County, New Jersey, connecting the Finderne section of Bridgewater with Manville.  The bridge carries four lanes of Somerset County Route 533 across the river and the flood plain.  In Manville the roadway is called North Main Street.  In Bridgewater, it becomes Finderne Avenue.

Background
The first bridge at this site, known as Van Veghten's after the land owner, Van Veghten, was built in the early 18th century, perhaps as early as 1733. It was later rebuilt in 1774.

It was noted in several events during the American Revolutionary War. On October 26, 1779, British Lieut. Col. John Graves Simcoe led a group of the Queen's Rangers and destroyed eighteen boats on the Raritan River at this site that were intended for use by the American General George Washington. On August 30–31, 1781, the French Army under command of the French general Comte de Rochambeau, marched over the bridge, along the route to Yorktown, Virginia.

History

The current bridge was first built in 1896 using stone arches and a Pratt through truss for the main span. In 1934, the through truss was removed and replaced with a stringer bridge.

See also
List of crossings of the Raritan River

References

External links
Van Veghten's Bridge

Bridges in Somerset County, New Jersey
Bridges over the Raritan River
Bridges completed in 1896
Bridges completed in 1914
Bridges completed in 2007
Road bridges in New Jersey