Count of Portalegre is a Portuguese title of nobility created by Letters Patent dated 6 February 1498 by King Manuel I of Portugal granted to D. Diogo da Silva.

D. Diogo da Silva was the son of D. Rui Gomes da Silva, Governor of Campo Maior and his wife D. Isabel de Menezes, natural daughter of D. Pedro de Menezes, 1st Count of Vila Real.

The 3rd Count of Portalegre, D. Álvaro da Silva, was succeeded by his granddaughter, D. Filipa da Silva, thanks to a royal dispensation of the Lei Mental, which stated that all Crown assets, including titles of nobility, could only be inherited by male primogeniture.

Filipa married twice, in both cases with distant cousins. Firstly to D. Pedro de Lancastre, son of the 1st Duke of Aveiro, with whom she had one daughter who died young. Her second marriage was to the Spanish ambassador, Juan de Silva, very influential during the reign of Sebastian I of Portugal and who, on his marriage, became 4th Count of Portalegre and inherited the office of Mordomo-mór. He participated with the Portuguese in the Battle of Alcacer Quibir, where he fell prisoner to the moors. During the transitional reign of Henry I of Portugal, the Cardinal King, he was a firm supporter of Philip II of Spain's claims to the throne of Portugal.

The Habsburgs rewarded this House's fidelity with new honours and titles, elevating the 6th Count to the marquessate of Gouvêa, a Portuguese noble title granted by Letters Patent of King Philip III of Portugal, (IV of Spain), dated 20 January 1625). The title of Count of Portalegre was then used by the heir presumptive of the House of Gouvêa.

When the 2nd Marquess of Gouvêa died without issue, this assets, honours and titles were incorporated into the House of the Counts of Santa Cruz, with the 5th Count inheriting the office of Mordomo-mor and his eldest son the marquessate of Gouvêa.

The 6th Marquess of Gouvêa died without legitimate issue, following the unfortunate trial of his father, 5th Marquess of Gouvêa and 8th Duke of Aveiro, who was found guilty of treason. His inheritable assets were passed on to his cousin, the 3rd Marquess of Lavradio, eldest grandson of his father's sister, whose legitimate issue continues to the present day.

List of the Counts of Portalegre
Diogo da Silva, 1st Count of Portalegre (1430- ? );
João da Silva, 2nd Count of Portalegre (1480- ? ), son of the 1st count;
Álvaro da Silva, 3rd Count of Portalegre (1505–1580), son of the 2nd count;
Filipa da Silva, 4th Countess of Portalegre (1550–1590), granddaughter of the 3rd count;
Diogo da Silva, 5th Count of Portalegre (1579–1640), older son of the 4th counts;
Manrique da Silva, 6th Count of Portalegre (1585- ? ), younger son of the 4th counts, became 1st Marquess of Gouvêa in 1625;
João da Silva, 7th Count of Portalegre (1625–1686), son of the previous count; also 2nd Marquess of Gouvêa, died without issue.

See also
Marquess of Gouvêa
Duke of Aveiro
Marquess of Lavradio
Count of Santa Cruz
List of Marquesses in Portugal
List of Countships in Portugal

External links
 Genealogy of the Counts of Portalegre, in Portuguese

Countships of Portugal
1498 establishments in Portugal


The 65th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in northwest Pennsylvania and has been represented by Kathy Rapp since 2005.

District Profile
The 65th District encompasses parts of Crawford County and all of Forest County and Warren County, and includes the following areas:

Crawford County

 Athens Township
 Bloomfield Township
Blooming Valley
Cambridge Springs
Cambridge Township
 Centerville
Cussewago Township
Richmond Township
Rockdale Township
Saegertown
 Spartansburg
 Sparta Township
Venango
Venango Township
Woodcock
Woodcock Township

Forest County

Warren County

Representatives

Recent election results

References

External links

 District map from the United States Census Bureau
 Pennsylvania House Legislative District Maps from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.
 Population Data for District 65 from the Pennsylvania Redistricting Commission.

Government of Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Government of Forest County, Pennsylvania
Government of Warren County, Pennsylvania
65


Charles Victor Sederman (9 January 1881 – 9 September 1952) was a British gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was born in Nailsea and died in Cardiff. A member of the Welsh national gymnastic team from 1906 until 1909, he also played rugby for Penarth and was a founder and secretary of the Welsh Amateur Boxing Association. He was a boxing judge at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

References

External links

1881 births
1952 deaths
Boxing judges
British male artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Great Britain
Gymnasts at the 1908 Summer Olympics
People from Nailsea
British male boxers


Kona Prabhakara Rao (10 July 1916 – 20 October 1990) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian National Congress party and was elected four times as Member of the Legislative Assembly from the Bapatla Assembly constituency.

Early life and education

Kona Prabhakar Rao was born in Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, into a wealthy Telugu Niyogi Brahmin family in Bapatla. He did most of his schooling in Bapatla. At the age of 16, Rao conducted a boycott of schools when late Motilal Nehru died. He was a social and political worker and took active part in the Salt Satyagraha movement and Quit India Movement of 1942. In Bapatla he organised a youth league and promoted the use of khadi.

A keen sportsman, Rao was tennis champion of the Bombay University in 1938. He organised the Shivaji Vyayam Mandali at Bapatla and some other places. He was a wrestler and badminton champion during his college days at Pune.

He graduated from the Loyola College, Madras and completed his law degree from the ILS Law College, Pune. He started practice as an Advocate in Bapatla in the composite Madras State in 1940.

Rao was actively associated with a large number of cultural organisations. He had in his earlier days produced, acted and directed many Telugu films, notable among them being Mangalasutra, Niraparadhi (1951), Nirdoshi, Drohi and Soudamini.

Career
He was elected to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the first time in 1967 and later in 1972 and 1978. He was Speaker of the Assembly during 1980-81. He was President of the APCC(I). He was also Minister of Finance and Planning during the Chief Ministership of Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy and Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy.

Rao was appointed Governor of the union territory of Pondicherry on 2 September 1983 and he continued in that post until June 1984. On 17 June 1984 he assumed the office of the Governor of Sikkim, and then succeeded Air Chief Marshal I. H. Latif, as the Governor of Maharashtra, on 30 May 1985.

In the area of education as the founder of the Bapatla Education Society he ensured several institutions evolved in his home town. He was responsible for bringing Krishna River water to the town of Bapatla, which ensured a lot of progression in the area of agriculture which was a prominent means of living for the town.

He died on 20 October 1990, at National Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad due to cardio-respiratory failure. His son Kona Raghupathi was elected as MLA for Bapatla constituency.

References

1916 births
1990 deaths
Telugu politicians
People from Guntur district
Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972
Speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Governors of Sikkim
Governors of Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1972–1978
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1978–1983

2. Mile Sur Mera Tumhara


Niketas Oryphas or Oöryphas ( or , fl. 860–873) was a distinguished Byzantine official, patrikios, and admiral under the Byzantine emperors Michael III (r. 842–867) and Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), who achieved several naval victories against the Cretan Saracen raiders.

Biography

Under Michael III

Nothing is known of Niketas Ooryphas's early life. Several people surnamed Ooryphas are recorded in sources during the first half of the 9th century, all of them in high naval positions, but any family relation is conjectural.

Niketas Ooryphas first appears in our sources in 860, as urban prefect of Constantinople, when a Rus' fleet suddenly appeared in the entrance to the Bosporus and started pillaging the city's suburbs. In his capacity as urban prefect, Ooryphas made a report to Emperor Michael III, who was campaigning against the Arabs in Asia Minor. At a subsequent date, he was appointed in a position in the Byzantine navy, and in 867 he was in charge of the Imperial Fleet (droungarios tou ploïmou). As such he sailed with 100 ships in relief of Ragusa against an Arab siege which had already lasted 15 months, and restored the imperial suzerainty over the coasts of Dalmatia. It is, however, possible that Ooryphas already had naval experience, as he may be identifiable with one of the commanders of the 853 attack on Damietta.

Under Basil the Macedonian

Although he had risen to high rank under Michael III and had protested the usurpation of the Byzantine throne by Basil I the Macedonian in 867, Ooryphas was quickly won over and retained in office by the latter, and went on to become the perhaps most successful Byzantine admiral of his age.

In 869, Ooryphas led the Byzantine fleet that sailed in support of Louis II who was besieging Bari, but on arriving there, he found the Frankish army dispersed in winter quarters, and caused a diplomatic episode by referring to Louis, who claimed the title of Emperor of the Romans, merely as "king". As a result of the quarrel, the main part of the Byzantine force left, without participating in the siege of the city.

In , Ooryphas defeated the Cretan Saracens in the Gulf of Saros, and soon after followed this success with another: while the Saracens were campaigning off the western coasts of Greece, he had his men drag his ships overland across the Isthmus of Corinth, thereby surprising the Saracen fleet in the Corinthian Gulf and defeating them. Ooryphas subsequently disappears from the scene, although he may have led the Imperial Fleet in its actions for a few years before being replaced by the droungarios Nasar, including the recapture of Bari and, briefly, of Cyprus.

References

Sources

9th-century Byzantine military personnel
Byzantine admirals
Urban prefects of Constantinople
Patricii
Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
Byzantine Dalmatia


Interactive planning is a concept developed by Russell L. Ackoff, an American theorist, early proponent of the field of operations research and recognized as the pioneer in systems thinking. Interactive planning forwards the idea that in order to arrive at a desirable future, one has to create a desirable present and create ways and means to resemble it. One of its unique features is that development should be ideal-oriented. Interactive planning is unlike other types of planning such as reactive planning, inactive planning, and preactive planning.

This is because interactive planning is focused on systems thinking and is "based on the belief that an organization's future depends at least as much on what it does between now and then, as on what is done to it." The organization will then create its future by continuously closing the gap between its current state and its desirable current state. The overall result of a case-based approach conducted by Haftor suggests that IP is a powerful methodology in guiding organizational development.

Interactive planning (IP) is a procedure that prescribes how to develop and manage social systems, e.g. organizations, whether they are business or any other kind. Ackoff (1981) expresses the intention of IP in the following terms: "The objective of interactive planning is an effective pursuit of an idealized state. The state is formulated as a design of that system with which the current system's stakeholders would replace it if they were free to do so. Such a system should be technologically feasible and operationally viable, and it should provide the system with an ability to learn and adapt quickly and effectively."

Interactive planning promotes democratic control by allowing and facilitating the active participation of various stakeholders in the conceptualization and formulation of programs, projects, strategies and techniques. This empowering shift affords the stakeholders to become committed, engaged and grounded decision-makers. Interactive planning, therefore, according to Zeynep Ocak, "expands participants’ conception of what is possible and reveals that the biggest obstructions to achieving the future most desired are often self-imposed constraints”"

Interactive planning also promotes ownership and hence enables the active engagement of stakeholders. It helps map the organization's current standing vis-à-vis its desired future state. As such, interactive planning enables the organization and its members to be reflexive and self-critical in its process of unfolding and becoming. This “interactive and interpretative process” is the essence of “collaborative planning”.

This method makes the plan itself an indispensable resource of the organization because of its groundedness and correspondence with the organization's building blocks, namely its policies, human capital, technologies and financial resources, among others. As a living document, it serves as a built-in mechanism to forge dialogue and discussion among the internal and external stakeholders of the organization. Interactive planning seeks to “facilitate exchange of knowledge between stakeholders, consensus building among them, and group-learning processes.”

This collaborative approach in planning apprehends problems as interrelated realities and hence are not viewed as mutually exclusive.  Considering the strong Systems Thinking influence in interactive planning, problems are viewed in their totality and in the context of their specific details in relation to the social environment where they are situated.

Interactive planning has three unique characteristics:
Interactive planning works backwards from where an organization wants to be now to where it is now.
Interactive planning is continuous; it does not start and stop.
Interactive planning lets the organization's stakeholders to be involved in the planning process.

Interactive planning has six phases, divided into two parts: Idealization and Realization.

Idealisation

Formulating the mess
This is the process of understanding the organization's current state, capabilities, and changes necessary for improvement.  To adequately begin formulating the mess, great effort must be taken to understand and learn about the current state of an organization and its environment. This can be called the "state of the organization or situational analysis."  Formulating the mess by understanding the state of the organization and by creating a reference projection will enable the organization to "control or influence" its future.  This essentially involves appreciating the situation in-depth. This phase is about comprehensively understanding the organization from possible factors that effect its functioning, impinge upon its
effectiveness and efficiency, and influences its future direction. According to Ackoff, in the past, situation analysis consisted of identifying the individual problems confronting an organization and classifying these problems as threats and opportunities, prioritizing them, and then focusing the planning in a way that reflected the priorities set on these elements. By the 1970s, planners began to realize that reality does not consist of sets of independent problems, but a system of interacting problems. Therefore, by dealing with any one problem separately, we ignore the fact that the solution to that problem will interact with other problems. So it became necessary to find a way of formulating reality as a system rather than as a set of independent problems. We call such a system a "mess." One of the characteristics of interactive planning is a methodology for formulating messes and treating them through design.

There are four elements in formulating the "mess" during the Interactive Planning process:
Systems Analysis,
Obstruction Analysis,
Reference Projection, and
Reference Scenario.

The State of the Organization (i.e. Systems Analysis) provides a detailed description of what the organization currently does. It can be illustrated by flow charts; identification of rules and customs practiced by the organization; disclosure of internal and external conflicts which affect organization performance; and identifying trends that could affect organization performance if it continued on the same behavioral pattern by failing to adapt to the constant changes in the environment.

The progress of an organization may be hindered or disrupted by discrepancies, as well as conflicts present which is the theme of obstruction analysis. This may be conflicts between individual members within the organization, availability of resources, or other existing conflicts.

By beginning to analyze the current operation of the system (State of the Organization), elements that obstruct progress become evidently visible in creating a reference projection.

A reference projection is a projection of the future of the organization based on two false assumptions:
 There will be no change in the organization's behavior.
 The relevant future predicted by the organization is complete and correct.
The reference projection should be formed based on the critical success factors of the organization that will lead to its destruction in its projected future. This method of analysis (a reference projection) will produce "how and why the organization will destroy itself."  Critical success factors could include an organization's expenses, revenues, return on investments, and safety records. In all instances, the reference projection should sufficiently illustrate the future of the organization if it did not change its behavior. In this sense the reference projection provides a means to identify potential limiting business strategies and suggest ways to avoid serious future failures.

The implications rooting from systems analysis, obstruction analysis, and reference projection combined are concluded in reference scenario; for organizational members to comprehend the ramifications projected in the organization and collaborate on building the necessary changes.

Ends planning
This is the process of defining what the organization desires to be at the present state, and identifying gaps between the desired present and the current reference projections of the organization. This process is achieved by making explicit exactly what is wanted by an organization. In an organization three specific types of ends are ideals, objectives, and goals. This  seeks to work towards identifying the end state that needs to be pursued.
 Ideals like certain limits in mathematical formulas can be approached endlessly but can never be reached. Therefore, the gaps between the current state of the organization and an ideal can be reached.
 Objectives are a type of ends that can only be attainable in the long run.
 Goals are a type of ends that can only be attainable in the short run.

There are three components to achieve Ends Planning:
 Idealized design: an ideal design by organizational designers which is viable, feasible, malleable, adaptable,  controllable and accessible for improvement
 Design of Management Systems
 Organizational Design

The identification of participants in Ends Planning necessitates that it is composed of individuals who are immersed in the project/program, "diverse in thought and in gender", "capable of thinking outside the box" and appreciative of the role of research and development (R&D) in organizational development.

Implementation and Control of Interactive Planning Methodology
From Ocak (2015), Interactive Planning Methodology  includes the identification of the Five Key Factors that can significantly influence the success of implementation of the new system redesign. This phase identifies the accountability of  the what, when, where and how that will make the new system redesign a realization.
 Human Factor is one of the important aspects for ensuring success in the process of interactive planning. This recognizes the people involved in the realization of the idealized system redesign.
 Organizational Factor acknowledges the fact that in making a change in an organization, it would require the support of management in all levels. This means that in the whole process of the interactive planning management should be involved and engaged in participation.
 Work Factor suggests that in any change in the way people work, it would require an effort of constant interaction with people to keep the whole organization on board. This will not only ensure the success of the system redesign, but it will also give opportunities for enhancement that lead to the reinforcement of the plan.
 Technology Factor is an important tool to utilize for communicating or aligning the initiatives of the plan. Online platforms trigger collaborations and provide an organized way of disseminating information.
 Commitment Factor differentiates people from the organization that are committed to the cause and those that are just compliant. This factor suggests that in principle, all of the people involved in the interactive planning process can influence the way the plan will be implemented.

According to Ocak (2015),  this last phase in the Interactive Planning Methodology can be characterized by design controls as it is being implemented and activated. Crucial tasks should be time bound and tagged to a specific working group. These tasks can be specified in terms of the action item to be done and the method of doing it . A regular update of these tasks is necessary to ensure movement and properly address hurdles as it comes up. All these can ensure the efficient activation of the interactive planning process.

Evaluation of Interactive Planning Methodology
Eriksson (2007) in Giannaris (2011) made an evaluation of IP's empirical usefulness in the development of a medical department at a pharmaceutical company. This time as well, he devised fifteen steps “in terms of [...] Postulates of Interactive Planning, [which] were used as a guide for the actual use of [Interactive Planning] [..] and also [served] as criteria for its evaluation” (p. 4)

Realization

Means Planning
This is the process of determining what needs to be done to close the gaps between the desired present and the current reference projections of the organization. The main objective of means planning is to determine how the gaps are to be closed or reduced, which will provide the instructions needed to close or reduce those gaps. Means come in different forms, depending on the complexity of the gaps.  Types of means include: acts, courses of action or procedures, practices, processes, projects, programs, and policies. If end planning is about the ‘‘what’’, means planning is about the ‘‘how’’. This phase seeks to open a deliberation on the enablers that are required in order to realize the objectives and on the approach that needs to be adopted in order to successfully deliver on the program.

The reference scenario is correlated with the idealized design in order to establish the process in filling the gaps (by resolving, solving or absolving). Predicaments are always in existence and providing a control mechanism as well as a monitoring system can support the process. Establishing a diverse way of addressing the gaps presented by the reference scenario and the idealized design, will entail looking at the way obstruction variables interact and the outcomes produced.

Resource Planning
This is the process of identifying what resources are needed, when they will be needed, and what to do in case of shortages/excesses. Resource planning relies heavily on means planning because it provides the backbone from how much resources are inevitably needed.  Typically in the resource planning stage of interactive planning five types of resources are focused on: money, capital goods, people, consumables, and data.  For each resource type, questions to be addressed are:
How much will be required, where, and when?
How much will be available at the required time and place?
How should each shortage or excess be treated?

This phase is regarding anticipating and forecasting on resources—including approaches, tools, information and knowledge—that enable implementation of plans on the ground.
A subsequent process that follows Means Planning is the consequences on the resources (inputs, finances, facilities, staff, services, equipment etc.).

Design of Implementation
This is the process of determining "who, what, when, where and how" the plan will be put into action.  Implementation is achieved by creating specific instructions based on the means (selected during the means planning process of interactive planning). It consists of implementation decisions and expectations, which should always be monitored and controlled. In addition, the individuals who make the decisions should be available to those responsible for carrying out the decision.

Design of Controls
This is the process of deciding how to monitor the implementation of planned decisions and how to evaluate the plan (whether they are effective or not) once implemented.  In the control process procedures are created to: identify expectations, monitor decisions, diagnose problems, prescribe corrective action, and providing feedback to facilitate organizational learning and adaptation.

Interactive planning can be used to design and implement many different areas in management systems. For example, interactive planning can be used in assessing whether or not the organization's occupational safety and health goals meet their present and future needs and are seen as a vital part of a corporation's on-going success.

In addition, interactive planning establishes a model for evaluating, comprehending, and initiating change management within a corporation's safety and health program.  This model enables Environmental Health and Safety professionals to create a process safety management framework to perform a gap analysis of current work practices compared with current company means to re-direct resources.  There are circumstances that corporate safety management need to re-align the prism to provide clear, concise direction to employees and/or responsible senior executives.

Comparisons with Value-stream mapping (VSM) and Organization performance model (OPM)
Interactive planning is similar to the value-stream mapping (VSM) process in the sense that they both map out the current state and lay out the path towards a future or an ideal state.  However, the two are different in the sense that VSM focuses more on the material and information flows in a value stream or supply chain, while interactive planning focuses more on organizational dynamics.  Moreover, VSM's primary intent is to expose losses and wastes, and although it also involves basic action-planning, it does not include a deliberate design of controls as in interactive planning.

Interactive planning is also similar to organization performance model (OPM) in the sense that both are concerned with organizational design, and that both involve an assessment phase and a redesign phase (termed as the idealization and the realization parts in the case of interactive planning).  However, OPM focuses more on the assessment and redesign of the cultural elements of an organization, while interactive planning covers the broader organizational system.

Idealized Design

Idealized design is the conceptual process in interactive planning. The concept is on a presumed failure of an organization. But the environment, and resources that supported the life of the previous organization still exists, and the decision to design a new system that will replace the last order “right now” subject to "two constraints (technological feasibility and operational viability) and one requirement (the ability to learn and adapt rapidly and effectively)."  Organizational planning in the process of replacing a previously failed organization uses an interactive planning concept in designing a new system for the new organization. The author, Russell L. Ackoff, coined this concept during a conference in Bell Laboratories in 1951 held in New Jersey.  In the meeting, the Vice President of Bell Labs made a hypothetical statement, “Gentleman, the telephone system of the United States was destroyed last night.” An issue was raised on the research and development system of the company through which the focus of the change is on designing that would improve a whole system, which will then translate into redesigning and developing parts that will fit the whole system. The statement for the new design as “now” rather than any later time is aimed in the present time to eliminate a potential source of error and to focus the organization's direction to the new design to begin at a current time realization of the new organization's system and not on a later time. Also, the concept is better realized when there are virtually no constraints against the new design process; the modification towards the new system becomes more feasible and adaptable to changing internal and external conditions over time.

Technological Feasibility Constraints

The available technology and knowledge during the time of the design are the only practical means for the design of a system to be considered. Any imaginative techniques, like mental telepathy or concepts which appear to be “science fiction” at the time of the design, should not be included in the planning activity.

Operational Viability Constraints

The immediate environment of the design process should adhere during the planning activity. The present includes current laws, regulations, and approval standards, where appropriate because the new design intends to be operationally viable in the existing application and use of an organization.

Learning and Adaptation

An organization is a learning organization that is capable of adapting to internal and external changes. It has the capability of redesigning itself, allowing its internal and external stakeholders to enhance its performance and proactively anticipate change.

Criticism of Interactive Planning

As in any concept, Interactive Planning also has its share of criticisms and most notably from the Marxist-oriented sociological point of view. According to Jackson (2000) as cited in Haftor (2011), there are two key issues raised against IP: (1), it does not challenge power structures present in a managerial structure and (2) in the execution of the IP-process, not all stakeholders have a voice.

In defense of IP, Ackoff: (1) shared his experience wherein he has yet to encounter a situation where power-conflicts could not be addressed; and (2) while he recognized that not all stakeholders are actively involved in the process, he proposed those who do not have full participation may "initially be affiliated to the projects as consultants, and thereafter, as work progresses, be recognized as full members of the project and its decision-making."

Interactive communication in interactive planning at times can have subjective formation of the structure for policy making or redevelopment of organizational system. Such subjective process for drawing new format for organizational key decisions may lead to unsubstantial structure and affect the quality of decision being made. When the management personalities are mixed with ordinary employees, intimidation may happen and the voice of the employees or workers who are members of the committee may not amplify much, thus weakening the goal of achieving concrete solutions for present problems in the organization or company (de Jong and Geerlings, 2003, p. 5).

The policy making or redevelopment of an existing policy or system in the organization or company must be based on research by experts on specified topics or department. Interactive planning with the mix of Subject-Matter-Experts and other employees from different departments may result to formulating popular decision, not necessarily thoroughly processed decisions, which are backed up with data, research, and recommendation from experts (de Jong and Geerlings, 2003, p. 8).

The interactive planning may not be suitable for decision making that involves technical subject. If interactive planning be implemented in matters that involve public policy, the research and technical recommendation from the experts must be conducted first, and the leaders may convene about the recommendations stated in the research so as to arrive at a more sound policy (de Jong and Geerlings, 2003, p. 9).

Also, in the interactive planning process, technical experts may lower down their efforts to address issues as they are mixed with other employees, the dialogue may lead to explaining issues rather than focusing on solving complex problems and giving in-depth research on the topic. The time is not maximized to seek more quality solutions, rather it is spent to harmonize the understanding of concepts and arriving at a more popular consensus (de Jong and Geerlings, 2003, p. 9).

The interactive planning process or steps can be revised by considering segregating the participants into their respective field of expertise and have them research on a given topic and have their recommendations presented in the big group. Doing this will let the big group have more in-depth knowledge about specified area of concern and will give more substantial basis for making decision on policies (de Jong and Geerlings, 2003, p. 9).

Also, the quality of content presented during the interactive planning becomes secondary to the degree of communication skill during the discussion. Ability to persuade members of the committee can influence the decision being made by the rest of the committee members. To balance this, presenters of their recommendation must show tangible data that can back up their statements and arguments so as to produce a more informed body of decision makers. On the other hand, lack of communication skills may bring the substantial data and recommendation into silence. With this, quality research and good communication skills are both important in the interactive planning process (de Jong and Geerlings, 2003, p. 9-10).

However, it is the duty of the presenters to consider their audience, their level of understanding about the technical subject, and to use terms that can be understood generally by the members of the committee. The communication aspect must complement the quality of information or knowledge presented, without overruling the persuasion over truthfulness and accuracy of information (de Jong and Geerlings, 2003, p. 10).

One caution in using Interactive Planning approach for redeveloping the system in the organization or for policy making is the probability of producing bias comments from the same employees who have been part of the previous creation of policy in the organization or company. One way to remedy this is to include new members of the organization and have them prepare well for the convention so as to gain confidence in presenting their recommendations (Haftor, 2011).

Another criticism on Interactive Planning is its tendency to duplicate some old policies and may not fully offer a breakthrough developmental plan or public policy. Also, selection of the participants in the convention determines the quality of information to be delivered and the amount of contribution to be given to the Interactive planning project (Haftor, 2011).

An important criticism on Interactive planning also is the uneven commitment level of the team members. Also the degree of involvement of top-level management is a factor in which the decisions made by the team can be fully implemented. To remedy this, the facilitator of the Interactive planning project must secure the full commitment of the members as well as the top-level managers (Leemann, 2002).

Basic Groups of Participants in Interactive Planning
Planning is the integral process and sub-processes of time and space that deals with preparation, formulation and fruition of decisions about the future.  On the other hand, Dror  defined planning as a process, whether in formal and legal matters, wherein decisions will have to be approved and implemented by some other body, or a decision maker.  It is a set of plan and consequences that needs to be laid down for a decision maker to make an appropriate and reasonable selection. Milovanovic  believed that there is an entire chain of a defined process of decision making, and in interactive planning, there are various participants with various intent of actions.  Laurini suggested that there are three essential links between the participants in interactive planning: politicians, planners and citizens. Healey  delineated the participant groups who are significant in the conversation about the problems in community: technical experts, media, neighbours, activists, interested citizens, business and industrial team, selected officials, administration of local, regional and national level. However, interested parties are not always participant parties.  According to Healey, participants can be divided in to three main clusters: income-based sector, administration and non-government organizations as a form of organized citizens.  For them the classifications of the participants are anchored on their roles in decision-making.  These are the: proposers, decision makers and the public as the third and last interested party.

Milovanovic stressed that in interactive planning, awareness is the paramount motive for an indepth participation from the different groups.  The quality of plan is highly dependent on the quality of life and the quality of space attached to the plan.  Citizens as participants of the plan are strongly concern only of those outcome that will affect them personally.  The differences in capabilities, resources, and qualifications also influence the quality of the decisions.  Because of these differences, Millovanovic suggested to create a division of the participants to warrant the participation of the public and other interest groups.

Incorporating Diversity and Inclusion in Interactive Planning
Diversity refers to the traits and characteristics that make people unique while inclusion refers to the behaviors and social norms that ensure people feel welcome. Diversity can range from differences in races, ethnicities, genders, ages, religions, disabilities, and sexual orientations.  It also encompasses differences in education, personalities, skill sets, experiences, and knowledge bases.

The word interactive from a people perspective is defined as two people influencing each other. In planning, interaction would be more fruitious if different perspectives were brought into the table.  Varying perspectives would arise from individual personalities with unique life experiences.  Diversity is expressed in welcoming participants of different walks of life.  Inclusion is realized and fulfilled when the perspectives opined by the participants are taken into consideration.

Although there is beauty in uniformity, there is more in diversity, more so in inclusion.

References

Further reading

● Ackoff, Russell L. (2001). A Brief Guide to Interactive Planning and Idealized Design. Canada: IDA Linkoping       University. Retrieved from       https://www.ida.liu.se/department/index.en.shtml

● de Jong, Martin and Harry Geerlings (2003). Exposing weaknesses in interactive planning: the remarkable return of comprehensive policy analysis in The Netherlands. Transport infrastructure. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. Vol. 21 Number 4. United Kingdom: Beech Tree Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3152/147154603781766149

● Frago, Rufran (2017). Guide to Gate 1 Interactive Planning. Planning Planet. Retrieved from http://www.planningplanet.com/blog/guide-gate-1-interactive-planning

● Haftor, Darek (2011). An Evaluation of R.L. Ackoff's Interactive Planning: A Case-based Approach. Systemic Practice and Action Research. Springer Link. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11213-010-9188-y

● Jaafari, Ali. Criticism of CPM for Project Planning. ASCE Library. Retrieved from https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9364%281984%29110%3A2%28222%29

● Leemann, James (2002). Applying Interactive Planning at DuPont: The Case of Transforming a Safety, Health, and Environmental Function to Deliver Business Value. Systemic Practice and Action Research. Research Gate. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1015236423688

● Mansfield, Jim (2018). The Benefits of Interactive Planning. Faith Technologies. Retrieved from https://blog.faithtechnologies.com/blog_entries/the-benefits-of-interactive-planning/

Planning
Problem structuring methods


Tin(IV) fluoride is a chemical compound of tin and fluorine with the chemical formula SnF4 and is a white solid with a melting point above 700 °C.

SnF4 can be prepared by the reaction of tin metal with fluorine gas:
Sn + 2F2 → SnF4
However, a passivating metal fluoride layer will be created and the surface will eventually become unreactive.  An alternative synthesis is the reaction of SnCl4 with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride:
SnCl4 + 4HF → SnF4 + 4HCl
With alkali metal fluorides (e.g. KF) hexafluorostannates are produced (e.g.K2SnF6), which contain the octahedral SnF62− anion. SnF4 behaves as a Lewis acid and adducts L2·SnF4 and L·SnF4 have been produced.

Structure
Unlike the other tin tetrahalides, tin(IV) chloride, tin(IV) bromide, and tin(IV) iodide, which contain tetrahedrally coordinated tin, tin(IV) fluoride contains planar layers of octahedrally coordinated tin, where the octahedra share four corners and there are two terminal, unshared, fluorine atoms trans to one another. The melting point of SnF4 is much higher (700 °C) than the other tin(IV) halides which are relatively low melting, (SnCl4, −33.3 °C; SnBr4, 31 °C; SnI4, 144 °C). The structure can also be contrasted with the tetrafluorides of the lighter members of group 14, (CF4, SiF4 and GeF4) which in the solid state form molecular crystals.

See also
Stannous fluoride

References

Fluorides
Tin(IV) compounds
Metal halides


Bubble Bobble Plus! and  are remakes of the 1986 arcade game Bubble Bobble. The games were developed and published by Taito. Bubble Bobble Plus! was released for WiiWare in Japan (as ) on February 10, 2009, in the PAL regions on April 10, 2009 and in North America on May 25, 2009 while Bubble Bobble Neo! was released on the Xbox Live Arcade download service for the Xbox 360 in Japan on August 5, 2009 and in North America on September 16, 2009.

Gameplay
As with previous games, the player will have to defeat all enemies across a number of screens by trapping them in bubbles and popping them. The normal mode features the original two playable characters, Bub and Bob, while the Arrange Mode adds support for up to 4 players, joined with female characters Peb and Pab, as yellow and pink bubble dragons respectively.

The game contains several playing modes - a remake containing 100 classic stages and a new story mode with 100 new stages, as well as more difficult "Super" versions of those stages.

In addition, for Bubble Bobble Plus!, two downloadable content packs (Extra 1 and Extra 2) were released consisting of 50 "very hard" stages each, as well as new boss characters. These Extra modes also include four player support.

Reception

Bubble Bobble Plus! received "generally favorable reviews", while Bubble Bobble Neo! received above-average reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. N-Europe praised the Wii version, saying it had a wealth of content to enjoy, while the downloadable packs were fairly reasonably priced and offered a significantly ramped up challenge from the standard levels.

References

External links
Famitsu scans

2009 video games
Bubble Bobble
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
Platformers
Taito games
Video games scored by Yasuhisa Watanabe
Wii games
Wii Wi-Fi games
WiiWare games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Video games developed in Japan


Inam-ul-Haq was a Pakistani cricketer who played for Quetta.

Inam made a single first-class appearance for the team, against 	Pakistan International Airlines B in the Patron's Trophy competition of 1973/74, scoring a duck and 15 runs with the bat, and conceding 51 runs with the ball in 23.4 overs.

External links
Inam-ul-Haq at Cricket Archive

Pakistani cricketers
Quetta cricketers


SCSI / ATA Translation (SAT) is a set of standards developed by the T10 subcommittee, defining how to communicate with ATA devices through a SCSI application layer.  The standard attempts to be consistent with the SCSI architectural model, the SCSI Primary Commands, and the SCSI Block Commands standards.

The standard allows for translation of SCSI read and write commands.

The standard also provides the ability to control exactly what ATA operations are executed on a target device by defining two new SCSI operation codes:
 ATA PASS THROUGH (Ax, 12-byte) – 28-bit ATA command without  or  fields
 ATA PASS THROUGH (8x, 16-byte) – 28- or 48-bit ATA command without  or  fields

History
The first SAT standard was finalized in 2007 and published as ANSI INCITS 431–2007. It was succeeded by SAT-2 published as INCITS 465 in 2009, and SAT-3, which was finalized by T10 and is expected to be published as INCITS 517 in 2014. SAT-4 is in development. SAT has also been adopted in 2008 as an ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 standard, namely ISO/IEC 14776-921.

SAT-2 was finalized in 2009. Significant additions in SAT-2 are ATAPI translations, NCQ control,
persistent reservations, non-volatile cache translation, and ATA security mode translations. The standard also defines a new data structure returned in the sense data known as the ATA Return Descriptor that contains the ATA taskfile registers. SAT-2 was promulgated as ISO/IEC 14776–922 in 2011.

SAT-3 was finalized in 2014, and SAT-4 in 2016. Since the standards have become ANSI standards, the drafts are inaccessible to the public. SAT-4 added a 32-byte  ATA PASS-THROUGH command. This version of the command support additional  and  fields used by some ATA commands.
Work on SAT-5 began in 2017. , it has not yet become a standard, making its drafts freely available.

Applications
SAT is useful for enabling ATA-device-specific commands in a number of scenarios:
 SATA disks attached to SAS controllers
 [P]ATA or SATA disks attached via USB bridges (which actually speak SCSI over the wire either using the older USB Mass Storage Bulk-Only Transfer protocol or the newer USB Attached SCSI protocol).
 [P]ATA or SATA disks attached via FireWire bridges (which speak SCSI SBP-2 over the wire)
 Some USB external storage devices, including some USB flash drives, are using SAT to achieve some advanced features like wear leveling and/or TRIM

A problem with many SAT implementations is that when two or more ATA devices are attached to the same SAT interface, the ATA passthrough only serves one device. This causes issues with fetching S.M.A.R.T. data, since only one device can be addressed.

See also
 Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
 ATA Packet Interface – the inverse, but only for non-hard drives

References

SCSI
AT Attachment
14776-921
American National Standards Institute standards
USB


Proverbial Reggae was the second album by Jamaican Roots Reggae band The Gladiators, recorded and released in 1978 on Virgin Records' Front Line imprint.

British dub poet Linton Kwesi Johnson has said the songs on Proverbial Reggae  "combine intelligent, poetic lyrics with majestic melodies, enchanting harmonies, producing inspired, entertaining meaningful music."

Track listing
All songs by Albert Griffiths unless noted.

Side One

 "Jah Works" - 3.30
 "The Best Things in Life" - 4.02
 "Dreadlocks the Time is Now" - 3.03
 "Fly Away" - 3.45
 "Marvel Not" - 3.54 (Clinton Fearon)

Side Two

 "Stick a Bush" - 2.27
 "Stop Before You Go" - 3.00
 "Can You Imagine How I Feel" - 4.10 (Clinton Fearon)
 "We'll Find the Blessing" - 3.02
 "Music Makers from Jamaica" - 3.40

Personnel
"Prince" Tony Robinson - Producer
Albert Griffiths - Lead Guitar, Vocals
Clinton Fearon - Bass Guitar, Vocals
Gallimore Sutherland - Rhythm Guitar, Vocals
Lloyd Parks - Bass
"Sly" Dunbar - Drums
Uziah "Sticky" Thompson
Ansel Collins - Keyboards
Earl "Wire" Lindo - Synthesizer
Errol Thompson - Engineer
Joe Gibbs - Mixing
Cooke Key - Sleeve

References

External links
Proverbial Reggae, Roots Archives

1978 albums
The Gladiators (band) albums


The All-Ireland Club Camogie Championship is a competition for club teams in the Irish women’s field sport of camogie. It is contested by the senior club champions of the leading counties and organised by An Cumann Camógaíochta.

Trophy
The trophy for the competition was donated by Bill Carroll, whose daughter, Ann was one of the outstanding players of the first decade of the competition, winning Championships with both St Patrick’s, Glengoole and St Paul’s, Kilkenny.

History
The competition was established in 1964, six years before the equivalent competitions in hurling and Gaelic football. Between 1971 and 1978 and since 2010, it was concluded in the spring following the county championships. On other years, it was concluded within the calendar year in November and December.

Teams from Kilkenny have won the competition 12 times, Cork with 8, followed by Galway and Wexford with 7 victories each, Limerick with 6, Dublin with 5, Tipperary with 4, and Derry with 3 victories.

A junior club championship was introduced in 2004 and won by Crossmaglen (Armagh). The intermediate club championship was introduced in 2010, and the first two titles were won by Eoghan Rua from Coleraine in Derry.

Senior Wins Listed By Club
Click on the year for details and team line-outs from each individual championship.

Intermediate Wins Listed By Club
Click on the year for details and team line-outs from each individual championship.

Highlights & Incidents
 The controversial replayed final of 1967, when members of the Camogie Association council decided extra time should be played at the end of the drawn final between Eoghan Rua and Oranmore. Oranmore refused to play and were granted a replay after an investigation into whether the respective team captains had been notified of the extra time arrangement in advance.
 Ann Carroll’s shooting seven of her team’s ten points for St Paul’s against Ahane in the 1969 final. She won a total of five club medals with both St Patrick's Glengoole and St Paul’s  Kilkenny.
 Val Fitzpatrick’s performance in Glen Rovers one point victory over St Paul’s in 1986.
 Ann Downey’s late goal  to win the 1988 title for St Paul’s the year her sister was suspended after a controversial all Ireland semi-final between St Paul’s and Killeagh on October 23. Angela Downey and Breda Kelly of Killeagh were reported for striking in the match, although neither was sent off. It led to a six-month suspension for both. If the final with St Mary's, Glenamaddy had not been called off 24 hours before it was due to start, she would have collected a seventh club medal.
 Emer Hardiman’s three goals for Mullagh in  their 1991 demolition of Eglish, who had pulled off one of the shocks of the century in defeating Celtic of Dublin in the All Ireland semi-final, having earlier defeated Loughgiel Shamrocks in the Ulster final by 3-7 to 2-4.
 Angela Downey’s four goals for Lisdowney in her last club final appearance in 1994
 Claire Grogan’s dramatic injury time equaliser for Cashel, followed by Carmel Hannon’s equally dramatic injury time winning point, and Patricia Burke’s goal line clearance at the end of the 2001 final.

All-Ireland Senior Club Camogie Finals
Click on the year for details and team line-outs from each championship.

All-Ireland Intermediate Club Camogie Finals

All-Ireland Junior Club Camogie Finals

All-Ireland Junior  B Club Camogie Finals

See also
 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
 All-Ireland Junior Camogie Championship
 All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship
 Wikipedia List of Camogie players
 National Camogie League
 Camogie All Stars Awards
 Ashbourne Cup

References

External links
 An Cumann Camógaíochta

Camogie competitions


Estonian Regiment "Reval" (Estonian: Eesti Piirikaitserügement Tallinn) was formed in the early spring of 1944. The regiment comprised only Estonians, and had three battalions. The regiment was led by Major Rubach, helped by Lt. Noorkukk. The regiment's first name was supposed to be Narwa, but that name was already used by another Estonian battalion.

The regiment's first battalion mostly comprised Viljandi County men led by Captain Arnold Purre. The second battalion was made up by Pärnu County men led by Captain Mats Möldre. The third battalion was made up of Tallinn and Tartu County men led by Lt. Parts.

The regiment was sent to the Narva front on February 13, 1944. The regiment was sent without adequate training or equipment (particularly machine guns) and suffered heavy losses, as there were many casualties to Soviet artillery and aircraft.

See also

20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
Estonian Legion

References

Military units and formations of the Waffen-SS
Military units and formations established in 1944
Military history of Estonia during World War II
Battle of Narva (1944)
Generalbezirk Estland
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945


Many radio stations operate in the former Philippine region of Southern Tagalog, now Calabarzon and Mimaropa. Although Calabarzon is served by the Metro Manila radio market, some areas in the region have their own provincial radio markets.

Calabarzon

Batangas

AM stations

FM stations

Cavite

FM stations

Laguna

AM stations

FM stations

Quezon

AM stations

FM stations

Mimaropa

Marinduque

FM Stations

Occidental Mindoro

AM Stations

FM Stations

Oriental Mindoro

FM Stations

Palawan

AM Stations

FM Stations

Romblon

FM Stations

References

Southern Tagalog


Longitude is a 2000 TV drama produced by Granada Television and the A&E Network for Channel 4, first broadcast between 2 and 3 January 2000 in the UK on Channel 4 and the US on A&E.  It is a dramatisation of the 1995 book of the same title by Dava Sobel.  It was written and directed by Charles Sturridge and stars Michael Gambon as clockmaker John Harrison (1693–1776) and Jeremy Irons as horologist Rupert Gould (1890–1948).

Plot
Longitude presents the story of Harrison's efforts to develop the marine chronometer and thereby win the Longitude prize in the 18th century. This is interwoven with the story of Gould, a retired naval officer, who is restoring Harrison's four chronometers and popularises his achievements in the early twentieth century.

Cast

Awards
In 2001, Longitude was nominated for the British Academy Television Awards in ten categories, winning in five, including Best Actor (Michael Gambon) and Best Drama Serial.

References

External links

2000 — The Year in Review (Channel 4)

2000 British television series debuts
2000 British television series endings
2000s British drama television series
Channel 4 television dramas
2000s British television miniseries
History of navigation
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows produced by Granada Television
English-language television shows


Rainbow Islands: Towering Adventure! is a video game developed by Taito for WiiWare and Xbox Live Arcade. It is the latest installment in the Rainbow Islands series. The game was released in Japan on March 3, 2009, in the PAL regions on May 8, 2009 and in North America on June 15, 2009. The Xbox Live Arcade version was released on October 28, 2009.

Gameplay
As a spin-off of the Bubble Bobble series, the game features slightly similar gameplay. The player will be able to play as either Bubblun or Bobblun (aka 'Bubby & Bobby' more commonly known as 'Bub & Bob'), or both, who have to make their way to the top of several long, vertical stages with the aid of rainbows, which they can create.

Instead of health or a set number of lives, the game uses a time limit, which ends the game if it reaches zero. Getting hit by enemies will lose valuable seconds, but defeating enemies with rainbows will sprout forth gems that can replenish time. By defeating multiple enemies in a row, more valuable gems with bigger time bonuses are awarded. At certain points in the game, Dr Crescent will attack from below in one of his machines. Players can either try to defeat him, or evade him until the next checkpoint. By collecting seven colored gems, players can use a special attack against these mini-bosses.

In the Xbox Live Arcade version, players can use their Avatars in the Time Attack and Challenge modes.

Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

IGN reviewer Lucas M. Thomas disliked the Wii version's stiff gameplay and mediocre sound, calling the game a "fair conversion of the arcade original Rainbow Islands' game design for WiiWare." Daemon Hatfield, also of IGN, called the Xbox 360 version "a fun little arcade game that has a couple unusual tricks up its sleeve."

References

External links

2009 video games
Bubble Bobble
Square Enix games
Taito games
Wii games
WiiWare games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Video games developed in Japan


Harold Henry Fisher (1890–1975) was a US historian specializing in Russian history.

Fisher was born in Morristown, Vermont; he received an AB from the University of Vermont in 1911. He served as a field artillery captain during World War I, and was appointed chief of the Historical Department of American Relief Administration during the post-war famine in Eastern Europe and Russia. His collection of Tsarist and Bolshevik documents subsequently became a permanent part of the Hoover Institution's holdings.

Fisher became a lecturer at Stanford University in 1924. He was later named Curator of the American Relief Administration Archives (1924–1934), Secretary of the Directors (1925–1930), Director of the Russian Revolution Institute (1929–1940), Vice-Chairman of the Directors (1931–1943), Chairman of the Directors (1943–1952), and Chairman of the Advisory Board (1952–1955). After World War II he served the United Nations in various advisory capacities. He retired from Stanford in 1955, but went on to serve as a visiting professor at the University of California at Berkeley, San Francisco State College, Columbia University, and Tokyo University. The Hoover Institution established the Harold H. Fisher Endowment Fund in 1969; its purpose was the collection of documents relating to the history, economy, and politics of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

References

External links

1890 births
1975 deaths
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Hoover Institution people
University of Vermont alumni


Chartered Transport Planning Professional is a professional qualification for transport planners which has been developed by the Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation and the Transport Planning Society. The professional qualification was given Chartered status in August 2019. It has been designed to provide professional recognition for transport planners at a level that equates to that of chartered engineer. The qualification requires candidates to have a range of technical competencies, provide a portfolio of evidence, and undertake a professional review.

The qualification is split into five sections:
 Knowledge and understanding of transport planning procedures and techniques
 Application of transport planning procedures and techniques
 Professional leadership
 Interpersonal skills
 Commitment and professional conduct

Those awarded transport planning professional status are entitled to use the  postnominal letters CTPP.

External links
 Official Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation TPP web page
 Transport Planning Professional web site
 First Chartered Transport Planning Professionals news article
Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom
Professional titles and certifications
Transportation planning


News Live is a 24-hour Indian Assamese-language satellite news channel broadcasting news, current affairs and infotainment programmes. It is owned by Pride East Entertainments Pvt Ltd, a Guwahati based media group whose majority stake is owned by Riniki Bhuyan Sarma, wife of Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma. News Live has the highest viewership among all Assamese news channels.

Assamese of the Year
"Assamese of the Year" is an annual award presented by News Live. It carries a citation and 2 lakh Indian Rupees. The winner for this awards are:
 2009: Arnab Goswami
 2011: Jahnu Barua
 2012: Shiva Thapa
 2013: Gunaram Khanikar
 2014: Adil Hussain
 2015: Angaraag Mahanta (Papon)

Programming
Current Programmes
 Breakfast Live
 Deoboriya Adda
 Kotha Barta
 Good Morning Assam
 Guwahati Live
 Prekhyapot'
 Noixo Guwahati Talk Time''

See also
 List of Assamese-language television channels
 Rang
 Ramdhenu
 Indradhanu

References

External links

Television stations in Guwahati
24-hour television news channels in India
Assamese-language mass media
Assamese-language television channels
Television channels and stations established in 2008
Mass media in Assam
Pride East Entertainments


Andrew Charles Griffin (October 21, 1962 – December 17, 2022) was an American journalist. He won several Emmy Awards and Peabody Awards for his work at CNN, notably for the coverage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and an investigation that led to the Veterans Health Administration controversy of 2014.

Early life and education
Griffin was born on October 21, 1962 to Michael and Judith Griffin, who worked as a civil engineer and lawyer, respectively.

Griffin was educated at Evergreen Park Community High School, a public high school in the village of Evergreen Park, Illinois, followed by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where he majored in communications.

Career
Griffin began his career at WICD-TV in Illinois, before stints in Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Washington, D.C. He then worked as an investigative reporter for ten years at CBS 2 News in Los Angeles. He joined CNN in May 2004.

In September 2005, Griffin covered the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Griffin's reports on the looting by some police officers prompted police investigations. He also broke stories about nursing home deaths after Katrina. Griffin, along with CNN, won a Peabody award for his Hurricane Katrina coverage.

In 2014, Griffin covered an investigation into delays in medical care at the Veterans Health Administration health system, which resulted in at least 19 patient deaths. VA Secretary Eric Shinseki eventually resigned following coverage of the scandal. A few years later, Griffin covered sexual assault cases involving drivers for the ridesharing company, Uber.

Among his last notable works was the coverage of events following the January 6 United States Capitol attack in 2021.

Awards
Griffin won a business and financial reporting Emmy Award in 2005 for his reports on a fault in Ford Motor Company vehicles which caused them to catch fire. He earned his second Emmy in 2006 for How to Rob a Bank, a documentary for CNN Presents, and a third in 2007 for Hidden Spending, a report on congressional spending broadcast as a segment in Anderson Cooper 360°. Crisis at the VA, which broke the story on scandals of hidden wait times and deaths at VA hospitals across the country, garnered a Peabody award in 2015. His fourth Emmy, in 2017, was awarded for Trump University Fraud, about fraudulent practices behind Donald Trump's real estate school.

Personal life and death
Griffin was a native of Chicago, Illinois. He and his wife, Margot, had three children. He lived in the Atlanta metropolitan area, and died from cancer at home on December 17, 2022, at age 60.

References

External links

1962 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
American television reporters and correspondents
CBS News people
CNN people
Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)
News & Documentary Emmy Award winners
Journalists from Chicago
University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences alumni


The following is a list of works by Timothy Leary. The majority of Leary's works were put into the public domain by his estate in 2009.

Articles
 "Turn On / Tune In / Drop Out." East Village Other, vol. 1, no. 12 (June 1966), p. 5.
 Dr. Leary introduces and explains his famous psychedelic mantra "turn on, tune in, drop out". Supposedly the first installment of a regular column, but apparently this was the only one.

Academic journals
 "The Interpersonal Dimension of Personality," with Mervin B. Freedman, Abel G. Ossorio, and Hubert S. Coffey. Journal of Personality, vol. 20, no. 2 (1951), pp. 143-161. . .
 Reprinted as a 28-page off-print by Duke University Press. .
 "The studies on which this paper is based have been sponsored by Permanente Foundation Hospital, Oakland, California, under the codirection of Hubert S. Coffey, Ph.D, and Harvey Powelson, M.D. The current expanded research project is in part supported by the U.S. Public Health Service under the direction of Saxton T. Pope, Jr, M.D. The authors are grateful to Dr. Jean Walker Macfarlane for her editorial contributions to this article." (p. 143).
 "The Interpersonal Dimension of Personality II: An Objective Study of Repression," with Rolfe LaForge, Herbert Naboisek, and Hubert S. Coffey. Journal of Personality, vol. 23, no. 2 (1954), pp. 129-153. . .
 "The studies on which this paper is based have been sponsored by Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Oakland, California, under the direction of Harvey Powelson, M.D., and were supported in part by Research Grant MH-331 from the National Institute of Mental Health, Public Health Service, under the direction of Hubert S. Coffey, Ph.D., and Saxton T. Pope, Jr., M.D." (p. 129).
 "Interpersonal Diagnosis: Some Problems of Methodology and Validation," with Hubert S. Coffey, Ph.D. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, vol. 50, no. 1 (January 1955), pp. 110–124. . .
 "The Cyber-Punk: The Individual as Reality Pilot." Mississippi Review, vol. 16, no. 2/3 (1988), pp. 252–265. .

Magazines
 "The Seers' Catalog." Omni (January 1987). Cover art.

Books
 The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality (1957)
 The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead, with Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert) (1964). .
 Psychedelic Prayers after the Tao Te Ching. Poets Press (1966)
 Start Your Own Religion. Millbrook, New York: Kriya Press (1967)
 The original 1967 version was privately published. It is not to be confused with a compilation of Leary's writings compiled, edited, and published posthumously under the same title.
 The Politics of Ecstasy. G. P. Putnam (1968). .
 The first eleven chapters were re-published as Politics of Ecstasy in 1990 and the final eleven chapters as Tune In, Turn On, Drop Out in 1999.
 High Priest (1968). .
 Jail Notes (1970). Preface by Allen Ginsberg. Douglas Book Corp.
 Confessions of a Hope Fiend. New York: Bantam Books (1973). . .
 Neurologic (with Joanna Leary) (1973)
 StarSeed (1973)
 Mystery, Magic & Miracle: Religion in a Post-Aquarian Age (with Edward F. Heenan and Jack Fritscher. Prentice-Hall (1973). .
 What Does WoMan Want?: Adventures Along the Schwarzchild Radius (1976)
 His only novel, revised and reprinted in 1987 by New Falcon Publications in Tempe, Arizona.
 The Periodic Table of Evolution (1977)
 Exo-Psychology: A Manual on The Use of the Nervous System According to the Instructions of the Manufacturers. Los Angeles: Starseed/Peace Press (1977). .
 Republished as Info-Psychology in 1987 by Falcon Press Publications in Tempe, Arizona.
 Neuropolitics: The Sociobiology of Human Metamorphosis (with Robert Anton Wilson and George A. Koopman. Los Angeles: Starseed/Peace Press (1977). .
 Edited by Daniel Gilbertson and George A. Koopman, designed and illustrated by Cynthia Marsh.
 The Game of Life. Culver City, Calif.: Peace Press (1979)
 The Intelligence Agents. Culver City, Calif.: Peace Press (1979)
 Republished in 1996 by New Falcon Publications in Tempe, Arizona.
 Changing My Mind Among Others. Prentice Hall (1982). .
 Flashbacks. Tarcher (1983). .
 Info-Psychology. Tempe, Ariz.: Falcon Press Publications (1987)
 Revision of Exo-Psychology: A Manual on The Use of the Nervous System According to the Instructions of the Manufacturers. Los Angeles: Starseed/Peace Press (1977). .

 Chaos and Cyber Culture (with Michael Horowitz and Vicki Marshall). Ronin Publishing (1994). ()
 Surfing the Conscious Nets: A Graphic Novel (with Robert Williams). Last Gasp (1995). .
 A Letter from Timothy Leary to Aldous Huxley. Leary Archives Press (1996).
 Limited-edition publication includes the 1960 letter.
 Concrete & Buckshot: William S. Burroughs Paintings. Leary, Timothy and Benjamin Weissman. 1996. Smart Art Press. ()
 Design for Dying, with R. U. Sirius. HarperCollins (1997). .
 The Politics of Ecstasy. Foreword by Tom Robbins. Introductions by R. U. Sirius and Timothy Leary. (Berkeley, Calif.: Ronin Publishing (1990).
 "Collector's Note: The original edition of The Politics of Ecstasy has been divided into two books. This abbreviated edition carries the original title of Politics of Ecstasy and contains chapters 1 to 11 of the original. The remaining material appears in a companion book entitled Tune In, Turn On, Drop Out containing Chapters 12 to 22 of the original text."
 The Delicious Grace of Moving One's Hand: The Collected Sex Writings. Thunder's Mouth Press (1999). .
 Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out. Ronin Publishing (1999). .
 The original edition of The Politics of Ecstasy was divided into two books by Ronin Publishing. The first abbreviated edition carried the original title of Politics of Ecstasy and contained chapters 1 to 11 of the original. The remaining material appeared in this companion book entitled Tune In, Turn On, Drop Out, and contained Chapters 12 to 22 of the original text.
 Change Your Brain. (with Beverly A. Potter). Ronin Publishing (2001)
 Politics of Self-Determination. (with Beverly A. Potter). Ronin Publishing (2001). .
 The Politics of Psychopharmacology. (with Beverly A. Potter). Ronin Publishing (2001). .
 Musings on Human Metamorphoses (with Beverly A. Potter). Ronin Publishing (2002). .
 Evolutionary Agents (with Beverly A. Potter). Ronin Publishing (2004). .

Book contributions
 Foreword to Cosmic Trigger I: The Final Secret of The Illuminati, by Robert Anton Wilson. New York: And/or (1977), pp. ix-xiii.
 Afterword to The Lost Beatles Interviews, by Geoffrey Giuliano, Brenda Giuliano. Plume (1996). .

Other publications

Dissertations
 The Social Dimensions of Personality: Group Process and Structure (Ph.D. Dissertation). University of California, Berkeley (1950).

Journal issues as editor
 Journal of Social Issues, vol. 6, no. 1, Community Service and Social Research – Group Psychotherapy in a Church Program (1950).
 Issue edited with Hubert Coffey and Mervin Freedman. Published by the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.

Non-print creative works

Discography

 The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead (with Richard Alpert & Ralph Metzner) (1966)
 Reissued on CD in 2003.
 L.S.D. (1966)
 Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack). Mercury Records (1967). Full audio.
 Ostensibly a "user manual" for a self-guided LSD "trip". While the album did poorly in general release, it has become one of the rarest "memorabilia" items from Leary's work. One track, "All The Girls Are Yours" has been performed repeatedly by others, and was re-recorded in 2004.
 You Can Be Anyone This Time Around (1970)
 Seven Up. Ash Ra Tempel (1972)
 Flashbacks (1983)
 The Inner Frontier (with Robert Anton Wilson) (ACE Tapes, 1988)
 From Psychedelics to Cybernetics (ACE Tapes, 1989)
 The Origins of Dance (with The Grid) (1990)
 Uncommon Quotes: Timothy Leary (Pub Group West, 1990) .
 How to Operate Your Brain (ACE Tapes, 1992)
 Right to Fly (1996)
 Beyond Life With Timothy Leary. Mouth Almighty with Mercury Records (1996)
 "Beyond Life with Timothy Leary celebrates the life, death and after-life of Timothy Leary. The spiritual quality of this album, both musically and lyrically, characterizes it as a conceptual album, one that must be experienced from start to finish, in the tradition of a Pink Floyd album. Its ethereal quality makes this album a unique collection of dance-trance masterpieces intermixed with the best of Timothy Leary. The album features the Moody Blues' new version of their classic "Legend of a Mind," a new cut by Al Jourgensen (Ministry), and a tribute from Allen Ginsberg."
 Timothy Leary Live at Starwood. Association for Consciousness Exploration. .
 Recorded and released on cassette in 1992, and later released on CD in 2001.
 Timothy Leary: A Cheerleader for Change (ACE Tapes, with Llewellyn Collection, 2001). .
 Recorded in 1985.

Also appears on
 Leary sings in the chorus of John Lennon's 1969 song "Give Peace a Chance".
 Samples of Leary speaking appear on Tune In (Turn On The Acid House) [12" EP]. Psychic TV / Temple Records (UK) (1988)
 Trance-Techno Express: From Detroit to Berlin & Back. Various (1993)
 "The Incredible Lightness of Being Molecular," the opening track on Fifty Years of Sunshine (1993)
 A CD that celebrated the invention of LSD. Recorded in Los Angeles by Genesis P-Orridge and Doug Rushkoff on March 14, 1993. Written by Dr. Timothy Leary for the special publication Lysergic Times, edited by Michael Horowitz to commemorate 50 years of LSD, and launched on April 16, 1993 in San Francisco, USA.
 Guest vocalist on "Gila Copter", the opening track of the Revolting Cocks' album Linger Ficken' Good... and Other Barnyard Oddities (1993)
 Ancient Lights and the Blackcore, with Scorn, Seefeel, Yanomami Shamans from the Amazon, and DJ Cheb I. Sabbah (1995)
 Krautrock. Various [Polygram] (1997)
 Sub Rosa Underwood, Vol. 3: A Sampler. Various (1998)
 Intermenstral. Various (2001)

Filmography
 A full list of appearances (both as himself and in acting roles), direction, and other participation in film and television media by Leary can be found at:

Multimedia performances
 During late 1966 and early 1967, Leary toured college campuses presenting a multi-media performance called "The Death of the Mind," which attempted to artistically replicate the LSD experience.

 In the early 1990s, Leary created several films in a form of hypnosis-tape he referred to as "Retinal Logic". These included Think for Yourself, How to Operate your Brain, and How to Operate your Brain Show (the final being a Public Access Television version of its namesake). Each video is presented as a lecture and demo of technological delivery method for hypnopædic learning. The videos include a barrage of colors, and early examples of Binural Entrainment

Computer games
 Equal parts party game, roleplaying game and social simulation, Timothy Leary's Mind Mirror was released for Commodore 64, Atari XL, Apple II, and MS-DOS computers by Electronic Arts in 1985. The game was a digital reinterpreting of Leary's doctoral thesis. He later stated that he had plans to release an updated version of the program with advanced graphics (including Apple Macintosh and Amiga versions), but that never occurred. Timothy Leary's estate reported that the rights to the game were given back to their original programmers, who in-turn were attempting to update the program for a modern audience. This project evolved into "Mind Mirror 6"

References

Further reading
 An Annotated Bibliography of Timothy Leary, by Michael Horowitz, Karen Walls, and Billy Smith. Foreword by Allen Ginsberg. Preface by Timothy Leary. Introduction by Frank Barron, Ph.D., Sc.D. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books (1988). 305 pages. . .
 "Summary Bibliography: Timothy Leary." Internet Speculative Fiction Database.

External links
 Timothy Leary Archives: Videos at Internet Archive
 Journal articles by Leary at JSTOR

Timothy Leary
Bibliographies by writer
Bibliographies of American writers
Psychology bibliographies


Scott Petri (born 1960) is an American politician who was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the 178th Legislative District.  He was the Chairman of House Urban Affairs and the House Ethics Committee. He also served as a member of the Liquor Control Committees. Petri served as executive director of the Philadelphia Parking Authority.

Career
Prior to being elected to the House, Petri was a practicing attorney, he served as counsel to Upper Makefield Township and New Britain. He also served on the Upper Makefield Township planning commission and as solicitor to the township.

In 2002, Petri defeated Philadelphia sportscaster Carl Cherkin to succeed retiring Rep. Roy Reinard. He has been re-elected to each succeeding session of the House.

Petri filed his Statement of Candidacy with the Federal Election Commission in October 2015 for the PA-8 2016 Congressional Race.

Personal
A graduate of Villanova University School of Law (1985), Petri also earned a Bachelor of Arts degree cum laude from Washington and Jefferson College (1982) in Washington, Pennsylvania, and is a graduate of Downingtown Senior High School.

He resides in New Hope, Pennsylvania with his wife and son.

At 6'8", Petri was the tallest member of the General Assembly.

Awards
2015 - "State Public Official of the Year" by Pennsylvania Bio (statewide trade association representing the life science industry).

2014 - National Federation of Independent Business - "Guardian of Small Business" award.

2012 - "State Public Official of the Year" by Pennsylvania Bio (statewide trade association representing the life science industry).

References

External links
Representative Scott Petri's official web site

Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
People from New Hope, Pennsylvania
Villanova University School of Law alumni
Washington & Jefferson College alumni
21st-century American politicians
1960 births
Living people


Ukraine participated in Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)" written by Evheniy Matyushenko and Svetlana Loboda. The song was performed by Svetlana Loboda. The Ukrainian broadcaster National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU) organised a national final in order to select the Ukrainian entry for the 2009 contest in Moscow, Russia. The national selection consisted of a semi-final, held on 21 February 2009, and a final, held on 8 March 2009; thirty-one entries competed in the semi-final with the top fifteen advancing to the final. In the final, "Be My Valentine!" performed by Svetlana Loboda was selected as the winner following the combination of votes from a seven-member jury panel and a public televote. The song was later retitled as "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)".

Ukraine was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 14 May 2009. Performing during the show in position 17, "Be My Valentine (Anti-Crisis Girl)" was announced among the 10 qualifying entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 16 May. It was later revealed that Ukraine placed sixth out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 80 points. In the final, Ukraine performed in position 21 and placed twelfth out of the 25 participating countries with 76 points.

Background

Prior to the 2009 contest, Ukraine had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest six times since its first entry in , winning it in  with the song "Wild Dances" performed by Ruslana. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the , Ukraine had managed to qualify to final in every contest they participated in thus far. Ukraine had been the runner-up in the contest on two occasions: in  with the song "Dancing Lasha Tumbai" performed by Verka Serduchka and in  with the song "Shady Lady" performed by Ani Lorak. Ukraine's least successful result had been 19th place, which they achieved during the , with the song "Razom nas bahato" performed by GreenJolly.

The Ukrainian national broadcaster, National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU), broadcasts the event within Ukraine and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. NTU confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest on 3 November 2008. In the past, the broadcaster had alternated between both internal selections and national finals in order to select the Ukrainian entry. Between 2005 and 2008, NTU had set up national finals to choose both or either the song and performer to compete at Eurovision for Ukraine, with both the public and a panel of jury members involved in the selection. The method was continued to select the 2009 Ukrainian entry.

Before Eurovision

Evrobachennya 2009 - Natsionalyni vidbir
The Ukrainian national final consisted of a semi-final held on 8 February 2009 and a final on 8 March 2009. Both shows were broadcast on Pershyi Natsionalnyi as well as online via NTU's official website 1tv.com.ua.

Format
The selection of the competing entries for the national final and ultimately the Ukrainian Eurovision entry took place over three stages. In the first stage, artists and songwriters had the opportunity to apply for the competition. Thirty-one acts were selected and announced on 28 January 2009. The second stage consisted of the televised semi-final which took place on 8 February 2009 with the thirty-one acts competing in the show. Fifteen acts were selected by an expert jury to advance from the semi-final. The third stage was the final, which took place on 8 March 2009 and featured the fifteen acts that qualified from the semi-finals vying to represent Ukraine in Moscow. The winner was selected via the 50/50 combination of votes from a public televote and an expert jury. Both the public televote and the expert jury assigned scores ranging from 1 (lowest) to 15 (highest) and the entry that had the highest number of points following the combination of these scores was declared the winner. Viewers participating in the public televote during the final had the opportunity to submit their votes for the participating entries via telephone or SMS. In the event of a tie, the tie was decided in favour of the entry that received the highest score from the jury.

Competing entries
Artists and composers had the opportunity to submit their entries between 3 November 2008 and 16 January 2009. A six-member selection panel consisting of Vasyl Ilashchuk (President of NTU), Roman Nedzelskyi (First Vice President of NTU), Andriy Chernyuk (Vice President of NTU), Yevhen Kalensky (Vice President of NTU), Serhiy Lapchenko (chief editor of music and entertainment at NTU) and Oleh Pylypchuk (director of music and entertainment at NTU) reviewed the 58 received submissions and shortlisted thirty-one entries to compete in the national final. On 28 January 2009, the thirty-one selected competing acts were announced. On 8 February 2009, VV and Nikole withdrew from the national final and were replaced by Ira Poison and Tabu.

Shows

Semi-final
The semi-final took place on 21 February 2009 at the NTU Studios in Kyiv, hosted by Timur Miroshnychenko. The show later aired on 21 February 2009. In the semi-final thirty-one acts competed and the top fifteen entries determined by an expert jury advanced to the final of the competition, while the remaining sixteen entries were eliminated. The jury panel that voted during the semi-final consisted of Vasyl Ilashchuk (President of NTU), Roman Nedzelskyi (First Vice President of NTU), Oleksandr Ponomaryov (singer, represented Ukraine in 2003), Serhiy Kuzin (CEO of Russian Radio Ukraine), Andriy Yeromin (choreographer), Volodymyr Bebeshko (composer) and Taras Petrynenko (composer and singer).

Final
The final took place on 8 March 2009 at the National Palace of Arts, hosted by Maria Orlova and Timur Miroshnychenko. "Beauty Saves the World" performed by Nikita was withdrawn prior to the final due to contractual restrictions. The remaining fourteen entries that qualified from the semi-final competed and the winner, "Be My Valentine" performed by Svetlana Loboda, was selected through the combination of votes from a public televote and an expert jury. Ties were decided in favour of the entries that received higher scores from the jury. The jury panel that voted during the final consisted of Vasyl Ilashchuk (President of NTU), Roman Nedzelskyi (First Vice President of NTU), Yevhen Kalensky (Vice President of NTU), Oleksandr Ponomaryov (singer, represented Ukraine in 2003), Serhiy Kuzin (CEO of Russian Radio Ukraine), Volodymyr Bebeshko (composer) and Taras Petrynenko (composer and singer). In addition to the performances of the competing entries, Irina Rosenfeld, Mika Newton, Nikita, 2009 Belarusian Eurovision entrant Petr Elfimov, 2009 Lithuanian Eurovision entrant Sasha Son, 2009 Polish Eurovision entrant Lidia Kopania, 2009 British Eurovision entrant Jade Ewen and Ukrainian 2004 Eurovision Song Contest winner Ruslana performed as guests.

Controversy
Following the semi-final of the Ukrainian national final, Anastasia Prikhodko and her manager Olena Mozgova claimed that neither the NTU nor the jury had used trustworthy methods to choose the finalists; jury member Roman Nedzelskyi previously admitted that they did not select Prikhodko for the final as a Russian version of "Za tebe znov" had already been performed during the talent show Fabrika Zvyozd, despite the competition rules not specifying that the song performed during the semi-final should also be performed in the final. Anastasia Prikhodko would later enter and win the Russian national final with the song "Mamo", representing Russia at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest and placing eleventh.

Preparation
"Be My Valentine" was retitled as "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)" for the Eurovision Song Contest and featured new lyrics. The official music video, directed by Alan Badoev, was released on 16 March.

Promotion
Svetlana Loboda made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)" as the Ukrainian Eurovision entry. On 17 April, Loboda performed during the UKeurovision Preview Party, which was held at the La Scala venue in London, United Kingdom and hosted by Nicki French and Paddy O'Connell. On 18 April, Loboda performed during the Eurovision Promo Concert, which was held at the Café de Paris venue in Amsterdam, Netherlands and hosted by Marga Bult and Maggie MacNeal.

At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 30 January 2009, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals. Ukraine was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 14 May 2009. The running order for the semi-finals was decided through another draw on 16 March 2009. As one of the six wildcard countries, Ukraine chose to perform in position 17, following the entry from Albania and before the entry from Estonia.

In Ukraine, both the semi-finals and the final were broadcast on Pershyi Natsionalnyi with commentary by Timur Miroshnychenko. The Ukrainian spokesperson, who announced the Ukrainian votes during the final, was Marysya Horobets.

Semi-final

Svetlana Loboda took part in technical rehearsals on 6 and 10 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 13 and 14 May. The Ukrainian performance featured Loboda performing on stage in a red mini-dress designed by the singer herself together with three dancers and two backing vocalists. The stage featured a large mechanical device resembling three cog wheels with embedded lights as well as moving round metal ladders inside, known as the "Hell Machine". The performance began with the dancers moving from the inside onto the top of the "Hell Machine", and towards the end of the song Loboda moved to a platform with a drum set and two Ukrainian flags, during which she played the drums while being pulled across the stage by the dancers. Parts of the "Hell Machine", lips and Loboda's face appeared on the LED screens, while the performance also featured the use of smoke effects and fireworks. The stage director and choreographer for the Ukrainian performance was Alan Badoev, who also directed the music video for "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)". The three dancers that joined Svetlana Loboda on stage were Andriy Mazurenko, Andriy Onyshchak and Dmytro Boboshko, while the two backing vocalists were Elena Kolyadenko and Iryna Krestinina.

At the end of the show, Ukraine was announced as having finished in the top ten and subsequently qualifying for the grand final. It was later revealed that Ukraine placed sixth in the semi-final, receiving a total of 80 points.

Final
Shortly after the second semi-final, a winners' press conference was held for the ten qualifying countries. As part of this press conference, the qualifying artists took part in a draw to determine the running order for the final. This draw was done in the order the countries appeared in the semi-final running order. Ukraine was drawn to perform in position 21, following the entry from Norway and before the entry from Romania.

Svetlana Loboda once again took part in dress rehearsals on 15 and 16 May before the final, including the jury final where the professional juries cast their final votes before the live show. Svetlana Loboda performed a repeat of her semi-final performance during the final on 16 May. At the conclusion of the voting, Ukraine finished in twelfth place with 76 points.

Voting
The voting system for 2009 involved each country awarding points from 1-8, 10 and 12, with the points in the final being decided by a combination of 50% national jury and 50% televoting. Each nation's jury consisted of five music industry professionals who are citizens of the country they represent. This jury judged each entry based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury was permitted to be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently.

Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Ukraine had placed twelfth with the public televote and sixteenth with the jury vote in the final. In the public vote, Ukraine scored 70 points, while with the jury vote, Ukraine scored 68 points.

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Ukraine and awarded by Ukraine in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Azerbaijan in the semi-final and to Norway in the final of the contest.

Points awarded to Ukraine

Points awarded by Ukraine

Detailed voting results
The following members comprised the Ukrainian jury:

 Roman Nedzelskyi
 Oleksandr Ponomaryov
 Elena Zagorodnyuk
 Irina Rosenfeld
 Olexandr Zlotnik

References

2009
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Eurovision


TACAM may refer to:
 Tactical Assault Camouflage, a US camouflage pattern
 Tun anticar pe afet mobil (Romanian for "Anti-tank gun on mobile gun carriage")
TACAM R-2, Romanian-produced World War II tank destroyer
TACAM T-60, Romanian-produced World War II tank destroyer
TACAM R-1, Proposed Romanian World War II tank destroyer
TACAM T-38, Proposed Romanian World War II tank destroyer

See also
TACAMO


Cross-country skiing at the 2002 Winter Paralympics consisted of 32 events, 20 for men and 12 for women.

Medal table

Medal summary
The competition events were:
2.5 km: - women
5 km: men - women
10 km: men - women
15 km: men - women
20 km: men
1x2.5/2x5 km relay: men - women
3x2.5 km relay: - women

Each event had separate standing, sitting, or visually impaired classifications:

LW2 - standing: single leg amputation above the knee
LW3 - standing: double leg amputation below the knee, mild cerebral palsy, or equivalent impairment
LW4 - standing: single leg amputation below the knee
LW5/7 - standing: double arm amputation
LW6/8 - standing: single arm amputation
LW9 - standing: amputation or equivalent impairment of one arm and one leg
LW 10 - sitting: paraplegia with no or some upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance
LW 11 - sitting: paraplegia with fair functional sitting balance
LW 12 - sitting: double leg amputation above the knees, or paraplegia with some leg function and good sitting balance
B1 - visually impaired: no functional vision
B2 - visually impaired: up to ca 3-5% functional vision
B3 - visually impaired: under 10% functional vision

Men's events

Women's events

See also
Cross-country skiing at the 2002 Winter Olympics

References

 Historical Medallists : Vancouver 2010 Winter Paralympics, Official website of the 2010 Winter Paralympics
 Winter Sport Classification, Canadian Paralympic Committee
Paralympics - Cross country: Men's relay results, Deseret News, March 14, 2002
Paralympics - Cross country: Short distance results, Deseret News, March 11, 2002
Paralympics - Cross country - Middle-distance events, Deseret News, March 13, 2002
Paralympic cross country times - Saturday's long-distance events at Soldier Hollow, Deseret News, March 13, 2002

2002 Winter Paralympics events
2002
Paralympics


Lea Nass-Arden (, born 27 December 1961) is an Israeli politician who served a member of the Knesset for Likud and as Deputy Minister of Pensioner Affairs.

Biography
Nass studied for her B.A., M.A. and PhD degrees in biochemistry at Bar-Ilan University, completing her doctorate in 1993. Her research topic was sperm motility. Nass is married to Shlomo Nass, an accountant specializing in liquidations and receiverships, and has five children.

Political career
After the completion of her PhD she was elected to Giv'at Shmuel city council, and was responsible for city beautification, sanitation, and the environment from 1993 until 2003. In 1998 and from 2002 until 2003, she also served as deputy mayor.

She was placed in 36th place on the Likud list for the 2003 elections. At the time, she described herself as "the only religious woman in the Likud". When Likud won 38 seats, she became a Knesset member and chaired the Science and Technology committee.

For the 2006 elections she won 17th place on the party's list, but lost her seat as the party was reduced to 12 seats.

In the Likud primaries for the 2009 Knesset elections, held on 8 December 2008, she won tenth spot on the list and was the top female candidate. She returned to the Knesset as Likud won 27 seats in the election, and was appointed Deputy Minister of Pensioner Affairs. Prior to the 2013 elections Nass was placed sixtieth on the joint Likud Yisrael Beiteinu list. She left the Knesset after the alliance won 31 seats.

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Bar-Ilan University alumni
Academic staff of Bar-Ilan University
Women members of the Knesset
Likud politicians
Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006)
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Deputy ministers of Israel
Deputy mayors of places in Israel
21st-century Israeli women politicians


Leamer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edward E. Leamer (born 1944), economist and professor at UCLA
Laurence Leamer (born 1941), American author and journalist


The men's individual skating event was held as part of the figure skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which had previously been held twice at the Summer Olympics in 1908 and 1920 as well as at the Winter Games in 1924 and 1928. The competition was held on Monday 8 February and on Tuesday 9 February 1932. Twelve figure skaters from eight nations competed.

Results
After three consecutive wins Gillis Grafström finished in second place; making him the most successful Olympic figure skater ever. The Austrian Karl Schäfer was able to beat the Swedish champion and went on to defend his title in 1936.

Referee:
  Joel B. Liberman

Judges:
  Yngvar Bryn
  Herbert J. Clarke
  Hans Grünauer
  Walter Jakobsson
  J. Cecil McDougall
  Jenő Minnich
  Charles M. Rotch

References

External links
 Official Olympic Report
 sports-reference

Figure skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics
1932 in figure skating
Men's events at the 1932 Winter Olympics


The 1992 Phoenix Cardinals season was the 73rd season the team was in the National Football League (NFL). The team matched their previous output of 4–12. The Cardinals failed to qualify to the playoffs for the tenth straight season.

Two of the Cardinals’ victories came at the expense of playoff-bound teams. Phoenix defeated the defending Super Bowl champion Redskins in week five, and in week nine, the Cards toppled the 49ers, who finished the regular season with the NFL’s best record of 14–2.

Offseason

NFL Draft

The Cardinals selected the following players in the 1992 NFL draft.

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Regular season

Schedule

Standings

References

External links
 1992 Phoenix Cardinals at Pro-Football-Reference.com

Arizona Cardinals seasons
Phoenix Cardinals
Phoenix


Laurentius Petri Aboicus (1605–1671) was a Finnish priest and historian. He was born in Turku and was vicar in Tammela from 1648.

Laurentius Petri Aboicus, also called L.P. Tammelinus, published an extraordinary chronicle titled Ajan tieto Suomenmaan menois ja uscost (1658). It was the first history book in Finnish language.

External links
Tammelinsläkter
Biografiakeskus (finska)

1605 births
17th-century Finnish historians
17th-century Finnish Lutheran clergy
1671 deaths
Writers from Turku