Margaret Eliza Maltby (10 December 1860 – 3 May 1944) was an American physicist notable for her measurement of high electrolytic resistances and conductivity of very dilute solutions. Maltby was the first woman to earn a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree from MIT, where she had to enroll as a "special" student because the institution did not accept female students. Maltby was also the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Göttingen in 1895.

Maltby was an advocate for physics, teaching physics courses specially tailored for non-physicists. She taught concepts such as the physics of music. During her 31 year career as chair of the physics department at Barnard College, Maltby focused heavily on her students' professional advancement.

Maltby was also chair of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) Committee on Fellowships and she used her position to actively support women in engaging with physics and open doors to formal education paths.

Early life

Maltby was born on her family's farm in Bristolville, Ohio, on December 10, 1860, to Edmund Maltby and Lydia Jane Brockway. She had two older sisters: Betsy (Maltby) Mayhew and Martha Jane Maltby.

As an adult, Maltby recalled that she was interested in science at a young age—often questioning how nature worked—and that her parents encouraged her. They taught her how to use basic machinery, and her father especially supported her interest in mathematics. After Edmund's death, the Maltby family moved to Oberlin, Ohio, for educational opportunities.

During her years at Oberlin College, Maltby also explored her interest in music. Music became a lifelong passion of hers, from enjoying classical music on the radio at her home to developing one of the first academic courses about the physics of music during her tenure at Columbia University.

Education
 A.B. Oberlin College 1882
 A.M. Oberlin College 1891
 B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1891
 Ph.D. University of Göttingen 1895 under Walther Hermann Nernst.

In 1887, Maltby enrolled at MIT and earned a B.S. degree in 1891. She was the first American woman allowed to take a graduate degree at the University of Göttingen in 1895. She was also the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in physics from Göttingen; in fact, she was the first woman to obtain a physics Ph.D. from any German university. After she received her doctorate she worked at the newly founded Institut für Physikalische Chemie at Göttingen under Walther Hermann Nernst. Invited back to Germany in 1898 to work at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Charlottenburg, Maltby was research assistant to the President, Friedrich Kohlrausch, and helped set the research methodology in the field of conductivity. After returning to the United States, Maltby studied mathematical physics with Arthur Webster at Clark University from 1899 to 1900.

Career
 1889-93 Instructor, Physics Department, Wellesley College
 1893-96 Doctoral student and research assistant, University of Göttingen
 1896-97 Associate professor, Physics Department, Wellesley College
 1897-98 Instructor of mathematics and physics, Lake Erie College
 1898-99 Research assistant, Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, Charlottenburg, Germany
 1900-03 Instructor, Chemistry Department, Barnard College, Columbia University
 1903-10 Adjunct professor, Physics Department, Barnard College
 1910-13 Assistant professor, Barnard College
 1913-31 Associate professor and chair, Physics Department, Barnard College

Work
Maltby conducted her most significant research before she began teaching at Barnard College, where her involvement in administration left her little time for research. Maltby was a mentor to her students, supporting their professional advancement. During her 31 years of teaching at Barnard, and the nearly 20 years that she was chair of the physics department, Maltby reportedly took a great interest in her students' learning, even introducing physics courses for non-physicists, including probably the first course in the physics of music.

There are many examples of Maltby's efforts to support the professional advancement of female physicists. As chair of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) Committee on Fellowships, Maltby administered funds that supported women actively engaged in physics research during the early part of their careers. Since women were not eligible for many research fellowships because of their gender, the AAUW Fellowships were critical for maintaining a cadre of women physicists. Maltby's enormous effort contributed to the Fellowships' preservation.

Despite Barnard College's Dean's Rule that stated, "the College cannot afford to have women on the staff to whom the college work is secondary; the College is not willing to stamp with approval a woman to whom self-elected home duties can be secondary," Maltby supported women's efforts to do both. As chair of the physics department, she vigorously opposed the forced resignation of Harriet Brooks when she planned to marry.

Physicist and History of Science interviewer Katherine Sopka wrote that her students greatly admired her. One wrote to her that "Professor Maltby was my mentor--a gracious lady--a friend and a counselor. Her most memorable advice to me was not to forego marriage for a career--which I followed and lived happily ever after."  Maltby never married.

The first edition of American Men of Science, published in 1906, recognized Maltby's name with a star denoting her as one of the country's top scientists.

Publications

Scientific publications
 "Methode zur Bestimmung grosser elektrolytischer Widerstände," Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 18:133-158 (1895).
"Methode zur Bestimmung der Periode electrischer Schwingungen," AnPhCh 61: 553 (1897).
 "Das elektrische Leitvermögen wässriger Lösungen von Alkali-Chloriden und Nitraten," in Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen der Physikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt. Vol. 3: 156 (1900) with F. Kohlrausch.

Publications on education
"A Few Points of Comparison between German and American Universities," PAColA 2ds. 62: 1 (1896).
"The Relation of Physics and Chemistry to the College Science Courses," Columbia Quarterly 18: 56 (Dec. 1915).
"The Physicist," in Careers for Women, Catherine Filene, ed. (Boston: Riverside Press, 1920): 430-433.
"History of Fellowships Awarded by the American Association of University Women, 1888-1929". New York: Columbia University Press, 1929.

Honors
 The first woman to receive a Ph.D. in physics from Göttingen University, 1895
 American Association of University Women European Fellow, 1895–96
 Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1889
 Fellow American Physical Society, 1900
 Appeared in the first seven editions of American Men of Science, 1906
 Margaret E. Maltby Fellowship was established by the American Association of University Women, 1926

Personal life
"Maltby herself never married but nevertheless enjoyed some of the pleasures of motherhood and grandmotherhood through the adoption in 1901 of the orphaned son of a close friend."—Katherine Sopka.

The quote above was the polite fiction accepted by Maltby's friends and associates in the academic world of Barnard College and Columbia University in the first half of the 20th century.

Autosomal DNA tests of Margaret Maltby's "adopted" son's two daughters, available at Ancestry.com, show their descent from ancestral families of Maltby's mother and of her father, evident in the DNA his daughters share with numerous other descendants of those families.  It is clear that Philip Randolph Meyer was Maltby's natural son. He was born in June 1897, six months after Maltby's sudden resignation at the end of the Fall 1896 term "in consequence of an accident" from her post as associate professor of physics at Wellesley College.

Maltby reappeared to resume her teaching career as an instructor at Lake Erie College in September 1897. She returned to a research position in Germany in 1898, leaving her son in the care of a friend with a nursery. Upon her return to the United States in 1901, Maltby was reunited with her son. She resumed her post at Barnard College that same year.

Maltby spent the rest of her life in the Columbia University Morningside Heights community except for a year's sabbatical at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, in 1910, a short-lived attempt to relocate to California for her retirement, and frequent and extensive traveling and touring.

Death
Maltby died on May 3, 1944, at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

1860 births
1944 deaths
American women physicists
Wellesley College faculty
Barnard College faculty
University of Göttingen alumni
19th-century American physicists
20th-century American physicists
19th-century American women scientists
20th-century American women scientists
American women academics
19th-century women physicists
20th-century women physicists


Peter Tom (1964 – 5 November 2018) was a member of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands. He represented a constituency in Malaita Province.

Biography
He served as the Solomon Islands' Minister for Women, Youths and Children's Affairs in Prime Minister Derek Sikua's Cabinet until May 2009, when he was transferred to the position of Minister for Home Affairs.

References

External links
Member page at Parliament website

1964 births
2018 deaths
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
People from Malaita Province
Interior ministers of the Solomon Islands
Women's ministers of the Solomon Islands


The Olkaria II Geothermal Power Station also known as Olkaria II Geothermal Power Plant is  a geothermal power plant in Kenya, with installed electric generating capacity of

Location
The facility is located in the Olkaria area, adjacent to Hell's Gate National Park, on the eastern edge of the Eastern Rift Valley, approximately , southeast of the city of Nakuru, where the county headquarters re located. Olkaria lies approximately , by road, northwest of Nairobi. The coordinates of Olkaria are:0°51'49.0"S, 36°18'00.0"E (Latitude:-0.8636; Longitude:36.3000).

History
Olkaria II went on-stream in 2003 when Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) commissioned two 35 MW units manufactured and installed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). In 2010, a third unit of 35 MW capacity was installed, at a cost of approximately US$100 million, bringing the total capacity to 105 Megawatts. The expansion was financed by (a) the European Investment Bank, which lent US$40.8 million (KSh303 billion), the International Development Association, which lent US$27.6 million (KSh2.2 billion), the French Development Agency, which lent US$20 million (KSh1.6 billion) and KenGen, which contributed the balance. The Olkaria II  power plant is one of six geothermal stations either planned or already operational in the Olkaria area in Nakuru County.

Ownership
Olkaria II Power Station is owned by KenGen, a public company, whose stock is traded on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, and in which the government of Kenya maintains 70 percent shareholding, the remaining 30 percent being held by private individual and institutional investors.

See also

List of power stations in Kenya
Geothermal power in Kenya
Olkaria I Geothermal Power Station
Olkaria III Geothermal Power Station
Olkaria IV Geothermal Power Station
Olkaria V Geothermal Power Station

References

External links
Website of Kenya Electricity Generating Company

2010 establishments in Kenya
Energy infrastructure completed in 2010
Geothermal power stations in Kenya


Skywards – A Sylphe's Ascension is the second album by the German melodic death metal band, Fragments of Unbecoming. Skywards was the first album released under their new label Metal Blade Records on February 10, 2004. The album artwork is dedicated to Anna-Lena. The European release is sold with an extra cardboard-box and the booklet and inlay are a five-color-print.

Album quote

Track list
 "Up From the Blackest of Soil [Ascension Theme]" − 1:25
 "The Seventh Sunray Enlights My Pathway" − 5:07
 "Shapes of the Pursuers" − 5:07
 "Skywards | A Sylphe's Ascension" − 5:37
 "Mesmerized" − 0:43
 "Entangled Whispers in the Depth" − 4:49
 "Scattered to the Four Winds" − 4:09
 "On a Scar's Edge to Infinity" − 3:57
 "Lour Pulse" − 1:44
 "Fear My Hatred" − 3:36
 "Insane Chaosphere" − 4:41
 "Life's Last Embers [Farewell Theme]" − 0:38

Credits

Band

 Stefan Weimar - Death Vocals, Guitar
 Sascha Ehrich - Guitar, Acoustic guitars
 Wolle Schellenberg - Guitar
 Ingo Maier - Drums

Production and other

 Produced, engineered, mixed and mastered in autumn 2003 by Stefan Hanbuch and Fragments of Unbecoming.
 All lyrics and musical arrangements by Fragments of Unbecoming.
 Band photography by Bernd Siebold.
 Cover artwork "Skywards", booklet design and Fragments of Unbecoming logotype by Sascha Ehrich.

Fragments of Unbecoming albums
2004 albums


James Tora (born 16 July 1956 in Hunuta Village, Ugi Islands) is a Solomon Islands politician.

After studying at the Honiara Technical Institute, he worked as Supervising Manager for Student Welfare Services at the Solomon Islands College of Higher Education. He then began a career in national politics, when he stood successfully for Parliament in the 1 December 2004 by-election in the Ugi/Ulawa constituency. (The by-election was prompted by MP Nathaniel Waena's elevation to the post of Governor-General.) He was re-elected in the 2006 and 2010 general elections.

He first entered Cabinet in March 2005 when Prime Minister Sir Allan Kemakeza appointed him Minister for National Reconciliation, Unity and Peace, in the wake of the severe ethnic conflict on Guadalcanal. He held the post until February 2006, when he was appointed Minister for Mines and Energy. Following the April 2006 general election, he became Minister for Infrastructure and Development in Prime Minister Snyder Rini's short-lived Cabinet. Rini resigned the following month, under public pressure and in the face of an impending motion of no confidence, and Tora found himself on the Opposition benches, where he remained until Rini's successor, Manasseh Sogavare, was himself ousted in a vote of no confidence in December 2007. Tora supported new Prime Minister Derek Sikua, and was appointed Minister for Home Affairs. He held the post until May 2009, when he was transferred to the position of Minister for Police, National Security, and Correctional Services. He continued at that post after the August 2010 election, under newly elected Prime Minister Danny Philip.

On 25 January 2011, he followed several other ministers in resigning from government and joining Steve Abana's Opposition. Tora's defection gave Abana the support of twenty-five MPs to Philip's twenty-three, prompting the Opposition to call for Philip's resignation. The following month, however, Tora and several other defectors returned to the government, providing Philip with a solid majority once more. Tora resumed his position as Minister for Police.

On 18 April, Philip removed him from Cabinet in a reshuffle to make way for five Opposition members who had just joined the government ranks. Sofu was succeeded by Clay Forau.

In early November, Tora, along with several other former ministers who had lost their positions in that reshuffle, switched over to the Opposition again, and this time succeeded in bringing down the Philip government.

References

1956 births
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
People from Makira-Ulawa Province
Solomon Islands Democratic Party politicians
Mining ministers of the Solomon Islands
Energy ministers of the Solomon Islands
Interior ministers of the Solomon Islands
Justice ministers of the Solomon Islands


Hubertson Pauletta (born 3 June 1989) is a professional footballer from Curaçao, in the former Netherlands Antilles, who plays as a defender.

He played for Feyenoord AV.

References

1989 births
Living people
Dutch Antillean men's footballers
Curaçao men's footballers
RKC Waalwijk players
Eredivisie players
Footballers from Willemstad
Curaçao men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Feyenoord players


Auchterhouse railway station served the village of Auchterhouse in the Scottish county of Angus. Services were provided by the Dundee and Newtyle Railway. The first station of the name had to be moved in 1860 when the line was realigned to avoid an incline.

History
Opened by the Dundee and Newtyle Railway, and absorbed into the Caledonian Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. Passing on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948 who closed it in 1955.

References

Sources

 Auchterhouse station on navigable O. S. map
 Disused stations

External links
 RAILSCOT on Dundee and Newtyle Railway

Disused railway stations in Angus, Scotland
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1831
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1955
1831 establishments in Scotland
1955 disestablishments in Scotland


Isaac Inoke Tosika (born October 10, 1964) is a member of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands. He represents a constituency in Malaita Province, and was first elected in 2006.

See also
Politics of Solomon Islands

References

External links
Member page at Parliament website

1964 births
Living people
Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands
People from Malaita Province
Place of birth missing (living people)


Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Cunningham KCH (1755 – 11 March 1834) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. He saw action during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, eventually rising to the rank of rear-admiral.

Early life
Son of Charles and Elizabeth Cunningham, Charles Cunningham was born in Eye, Suffolk in 1755, and after reading Robinson Crusoe at a young age, decided on a career at sea. As the country was at peace he joined a merchant ship. While serving as a seaman, the American War of Independence broke out and Cunningham joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman in 1775. He initially served aboard the 32-gun frigate , which sailed to the West Indies in early 1776, joining Sir Peter Parker's fleet. Cunningham's abilities led to him being recommended to Parker, and Parker duly transferred him aboard his flagship, . He was transferred again to the 14-gun , which was despatched to cruise off Savannah Point, Jamaica.

On 8 July the Ostrich engaged a 16-gun French privateer. In the ensuing three-hour battle, both the commander and the lieutenant of the Ostrich were wounded but the French were forced to surrender, having lost 30 dead. The British casualties were four dead and 28 wounded. After his good conduct in the battle, Cunningham was appointed Acting-Lieutenant aboard the 18-gun sloop  the following year. He then moved to the 28-gun sixth rate  as her First Lieutenant. The Hinchinbrook was then under the command of Horatio Nelson. Cunningham remained at sea after Nelson transferred to the shore to superintend the defences of Jamaica, transferring to the 36-gun  in 1780. The Pallas was ordered to escort the fleet from Jamaica back to Britain in summer 1782. During the crossing the squadron encountered a hurricane. Several of the ships were sunk and the Pallas was driven onto shore and wrecked. Fortunately Cunningham had transferred from her just before she sailed, joining . He remained in the West Indies until receiving confirmation of his promotion on 4 September, and the command of the hired brig Barrington.

Command
Cunningham was then sent with  by Sir Joshua Rowley to interdict the American salt trade with the Bahamas. He was successful at this, but whilst re-provisioning at Jamaica, a French force landed and seized Turks Island. Alerted to this, Nelson gathered together a small squadron and set off to attempt to recapture it, relying on Cunningham's expert knowledge of the waters around the island. Nelson's force fell in with Cunningham's Barrington off the island, and together the Barrington and another of Nelson's ships,  began to bombard the French positions whilst troops were landed. The two ships came under heavy fire from the entrenched French and were compelled to withdraw, having had several wounded. Nelson tried again the following day, but again failed to make much headway, and the attempt was called off.

The end of the war in 1783 meant that the Barrington was paid off and Cunningham retired from active naval life. He returned to service in 1788 when he joined Admiral Sir William Cornwallis' flagship . He served for several years in the East Indies, before being promoted to commander and given command of the 16-gun sloop . He then returned to Britain. He arrived after the outbreak of war with France, and was quickly appointed to the 14-gun . He then joined Lord Hood's fleet in the Mediterranean, arriving there in April 1793. He was largely employed in carrying despatches and maintaining communications with other ships scattered throughout the Mediterranean ports. On 5 October 1793 the Speedy accompanied  and  into Genoa, where they captured a French frigate, the Modeste and two armed tartanes. The Captain and Speedy then sailed to the Gulf of Spezia where they caught another French frigate, the Imperieuse at anchor. The Imperieuse scuttled herself, but was subsequently salvaged and recommissioned as HMS Imperieuse. Cunningham was promoted to captain and given command of the prize, with his commission post-dated to the date of the capture, 12 October 1793.

He commanded the Imperieuse until early 1794, when he transferred to . He commanded her off Corsica, helping his old commander Nelson in the reduction of the French strongholds on the island. Cunningham distinguished himself to the extent that Lord Hood entrusted him with the public despatches announcing the capture of the island, adding  Cunningham was given command of , a 38-gun frigate he was to command for the next six years. He was at anchor with the fleet at the Nore when the Spithead and Nore mutinies broke out in 1797.

Actions during the mutiny

The Spithead and Nore mutinies were two major mutinies by sailors of the Royal Navy on various adjacent ships that broke out on 10 May 1797 and quickly spread. During the mutiny, only Cunningham aboard the Clyde and Sir Harry Burrard-Neale aboard  were able to retain control over the sailors on their respective ships. By 22 May, the mutiny became more violent due to the Admiralty refusing to make any concessions. To help signal their mutinous control over the port admiral, the flag of the port admiral was torn down and replaced with the red flag. Seven days later on 29 May, the mutineer leader Richard Parker called for delegates to come from other ships to his headquarters aboard .
 Sensing the time was right to escape, Cunningham did not reply to Parker's request. To keep the mutineers from suspecting his plan, Cunningham kept the sails of the Clyde down and did not man the ship's wheel with a pilot.

After it grew sufficiently dark, Cunningham gathered his crew at 9pm and announced his intention to escape the mutiny by sailing the Clyde out of the port in the next three hours so that they would arrive at Sheerness before daybreak. He encouraged them by declaring that if they agreed to this, Sir Harry Neale would join them with the St Fiorenzo. The crew almost unanimously agreed to this, and a single voice of dissent was quickly shouted down. At midnight, Cunningham ordered the anchor raised and the Clyde silently slipped out of the port. By daybreak, Cunningham and his ship arrived at Sheerness safely away from the mutiny. The Clyde's successful escape from the mutineers cause an atmosphere of distrust to spread among those who agreed to follow the mutineer leaders. This distrust formed the first effective blow against the ringleaders, and soon other ships were abandoning the mutinies and returning control to their respective commanders. As a result, the mutinies soon were quashed.

Return to service
The Clyde'''s next duty was to escort a convoy to the Baltic. While returning from this duty the Clyde came across and captured the French privateer Success, and several days later captured the Dorade. Several men were put aboard the prize from the Clyde, but while returning to port, a gale blew up. The prize had attempted to outsail the Clyde but capsized. Cunningham stopped and lowered a boat to assist, but only four survivors were recovered. In 1798 the Clyde was used to attend on King George III during his trip to Weymouth, after which she returned to cruising in the English Channel. On 10 June 1799 she captured the French privateer schooner Air, following this up three days later by capturing the privateer Bon Ordre.

On 20 August, while sailing off Cordovan, two sails were spotted in the distance. Thinking them to be a ship of the line and a frigate, Cunningham sailed closer, at which the two ships began to sail away in opposite directions. Cunningham immediately gave chase, pursuing the largest one, which turned out to be the 36-gun frigate Vestale. The Clyde brought her to battle and after an engagement of an hour forced her to strike her colours. The Vestale had lost 10 killed and 22 wounded to two killed and three wounded on the Clyde. In the meantime the other French ship, the 28-gun Sagasse had taken the opportunity to escape into port. News of the victory was communicated to shore. King George III was in the theatre when news reached him. He stood up and directed the news be communicated to the audience. There was applause and Rule Britannia! was played.

The Clyde then joined Sir John Jervis and Admiral Cornwallis. She was occupied throughout the summer of 1800 conveying the artist John Thomas Serres around the French coast so that he could carry out surveys and make sketches of the headlands for charts. Cunningham was also active in capturing several Spanish privateers, and pursuing French warships.

In summer 1801 Cunningham was appointed Commodore, and given command of a squadron of frigates to guard against a possible French invasion of the Channel Islands. On 21 July  was wrecked on the French coast. Learning that the French intended to salvage and re-float the vessel, Cunningham sent the Clyde's lieutenant, William Mounsey in with the ship's boats to burn the wreck. In this Mounsey was successful, despite being under heavy fire from French shore batteries as he did so.

Promotions and flag rank
With the Peace of Amiens the Clyde was paid off at the Nore on 24 June 1802. The resumption of hostilities led to Cunningham being given command of the 74-gun  and sent to patrol off the Texel with a squadron. He was relieved in this post by Sir Sidney Smith, and Cunningham moved aboard . In September 1803 he was offered a place on the Victualling Board by Earl St Vincent, and moved ashore. In 1806 he became resident commissioner of Deptford and Woolwich Dockyards, which he superintended for the next seventeen years. He moved to Chatham Dockyard in 1823, and he retired from there on 4 May 1829 with the rank of Rear-Admiral. He was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order on 24 October 1832. In 1829 he had published his account of the events at the Nore, entitled A narrative of occurrences that took place during the mutiny at the Nore in the months of May and June 1797''.

Family and later years
Cunningham had married twice, first to Miss Boycott, and secondly to Miss Proby. He had a number of children. His son joined the navy but died at sea in 1822. Cunningham spent the later years of his life living with his daughters at the family seat of Oak Lawn House in Eye. He died there at the age of 80 on 11 March 1834.

Notes

References

1755 births
1834 deaths
Royal Navy rear admirals
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
People from Eye, Suffolk
Governors of British Saint Christopher


Iris Vivienne Morley (10 May 1910 – 27 July 1953) was an English historian, writer and journalist.

Morley was born at Carshalton, Surrey, the daughter of Colonel Lyddon Charteris Morley CBE and Gladys Vivienne Charteris Braddell. She married Ronald Gordon Coates of the Devonshire Regiment on 10 January 1929. The couple divorced in 1934 and she married Alaric Jacob on 2 August 1934.

With Jacob, she was in America for a period where he was based as a foreign correspondent, and they stayed there until the beginning of World War II. During the war, she wrote her trilogy of historical novels - Cry Treason (1940), We Stood For Freedom (1941) and The Mighty Years (1943) - with James Scott, the Duke of Monmouth, and William III, as central characters. Jacob was away for two years at this time reporting from war zones.

She accompanied her husband to Moscow in January 1944 and wrote her work Soviet Ballet published in 1945.  Morley  was a journalist for The Observer and The Yorkshire Post. She became a Communist and her ideas strongly influenced her husband. She appears in Jacob's book Scenes from a Bourgeois Life published in 1949 as Miranda Ireton.

That same year, she and her husband were included on Orwell's list of people he considered unsuitable to be authors for the Information Research Department. This list was prepared in March 1949 by George Orwell for his friend Celia Kirwan at the IRD, a propaganda unit set up at the Foreign Office by the Labour government.

In August 1948, Jacob had joined the BBC monitoring service at Caversham, but in February 1951 he was "suddenly refused establishment rights, which meant he would receive no pension." By this, time Jacob and his wife were separated but his establishment and pension rights were only restored shortly after Iris Morley died in 1953.

Jacob and Morley had a daughter. After her death he married the actress Kathleen Byron.

Publications
 The Proud Paladin New York: William Morrow & Co, 1936
 Cry Treason London: Peter Davies, 1940
 We Stood for Freedom New York: William Morrow and Co, 1942
 The Mighty Years London: Peter Davies, 1943
 Soviet Ballet London: Collins, 1945
 Nothing but Propaganda London: Peter Davies, 1946
 Not Without Fantasy London: Peter Davies, 1947
 The Rose and the Star In collaboration with Phyllis Manchester 1949
The Rack London: Peter Davies, 1952
A Thousand Lives London: Andre Deutsch

References

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Brian Pearce, ‘Morley , Iris Vivienne (1910–1953)’, rev., first published September 2004

1910 births
1953 deaths
English journalists
British expatriates in the Soviet Union


All Saints High School may refer to:

Canada
All Saints Catholic High School (Ontario)
All Saints Catholic Secondary School, Whitby, Ontario
All Saints High School (Calgary)

India
All Saints High School (Andhra Pradesh), Hyderabad

Malaysia
All Saints Secondary School, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

United Kingdom
All Saints' Catholic High School, Rawtenstall, Rawtenstall
All Saints Catholic High School, Sheffield, South Yorkshire
All Saints RC Secondary, Glasgow
All Saints Catholic High School, Kirkby, Merseyside, England

United States
All Saints High School (Detroit, Michigan)
All Saints High School, a former high school in Washington, D.C., merged into Archbishop Carroll High School in 1989

See also
 All Saints School (disambiguation)


From Paris with Love may refer to:

From Paris with Love (film), 2010 action film
From Paris with Love (album), 2002 album by The Skatalites
From Paris with Love (L.U.V.), 2002 album by New York Dolls


Groningen railway station (; abbreviation: Gn), locally called Hoofdstation (main station), is the main railway station in Groningen in the Province of Groningen, Netherlands. It is located on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway between Zuidhorn and Groningen Europapark, on the Meppel–Groningen railway as terminus after Groningen Europapark, and on the Groningen–Delfzijl railway as terminus after Groningen Noord.

The first station building was completed in 1865 and demolished in 1894. The second and current station building was designed by Izaak Gosschalk, completed in 1896, and most recently restored in 2000. Train services started in 1866 and are currently provided by Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Arriva. There are 41 bus services at the station provided by Qbuzz.

History

The station opened on 1 June 1866 and is on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway. The first building was a temporary structure outside the former fortifications. In 1870, with the Meppel–Groningen railway, the station was connected with the central Netherlands. In 1884 the Groningen–Delfzijl railway opened, and in 1893 the connection to Roodeschool opened. The station building that still stands today was completed in 1896.

Description

Location

The railway station is located at the Stationsplein in the city of Groningen in the southwest of the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands.

Groningen is situated on the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway, also called Staatslijn B, between the railway stations of Zuidhorn and Groningen Europapark. The distance from Groningen westward to railway terminus Harlingen Haven is , Leeuwarden , and Zuidhorn , and eastward to Groningen Europapark is , Winschoten , and railway terminus Bad Nieuweschans .

Groningen is the terminus station of the Meppel–Groningen railway, also called Staatslijn C, after the railway station Groningen Europapark. The distance from Groningen southward to the railway station Groningen Europapark is , Assen , and the railway terminus Meppel .

Groningen is also the terminus station of the Groningen–Delfzijl railway before the railway station Groningen Noord. The distance from Groningen northward to the railway station Groningen Noord is
and the railway terminus Delfzijl .

The station connects the non-electrified railways in the province of Groningen to the rest of the Dutch railway network in the south.

Under the entry plaza is a bicycle parking garage with space for 4,150 bicycles. Combined with other nearby facilities, there is space for parking over 10,000 bicycles in the station area, as of 2010, with an estimated increase of 500 per year.

Building
The station building was designed by Izaak Gosschalk and combines Neo-Gothic and Neo-Renaissance elements.

Layout
The station has nine platforms and behind the station is a stabling point for many trains.

Future revamp
Plans have been announced to drastically change the station layout. The stabling yard behind the station will be moved towards Haren, yielding space for more platforms and a new bus station.

Services

Trains

From Groningen you can directly travel to places such as: Assen, Zwolle, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Gouda, Rotterdam, The Hague, Amsterdam Airport (Schiphol), Hoogeveen, Leeuwarden, Roodeschool (Eemsahven), Delfzijl, Winschoten, Nieuweschans and Leer (Germany).

Groningen is now the most northerly station that Nederlandse Spoorwegen operates, with all services further north operated by Arriva.

The following services operated by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen call at Groningen:
1× per hour intercity service Rotterdam – Utrecht – Amersfoort – Zwolle – Groningen
1× per hour intercity service The Hague – Schiphol – Almere – Lelystad – Zwolle – Groningen
2× per hour local service (sprinter) Zwolle – Assen – Groningen
2× per hour local service (sprinter) Groningen  – Assen (Rush hour only)

On Saturday and Sunday the early train to The Hague is merged with series 2600 (Lelystad Centrum – Vlissingen) to Vlissingen railway station, not calling at The Hague Central Station, continuing to Hollands Spoor instead, thereafter running further to Delft, Rotterdam, Dordrecht, Roosendaal and Vlissingen. This service also calls at Amsterdam Central station, Amsterdam Sloterdijk and Lelylaan instead of Duivendrecht and Amsterdam Zuid.

The same happens for the late services on all other days, per hour decreasing in length (starts with Dordrecht, then Rotterdam, Den Haag Hollands Spoor, and lastly Amsterdam Central. The stations Roosendaal and Leiden Centraal are in the same situation, but from station Leeuwarden, not Groningen.). Thereafter, the Intercity services are suspended and replaced by Sprinters. At that time, there is no connection with these cities anymore.

The following services operated by Arriva call at Groningen:
1× per hour express service (sneltrein) Leeuwarden – Buitenpost – Groningen
2× per hour local service (stoptrein) Leeuwarden – Buitenpost -Groningen
2× per hour local service (stoptrein) Groningen – Zuidbroek – Veendam
1× per hour local service (stoptrein) Groningen – Zuidbroek – Winschoten – Bad Nieuweschans – Leer
1× per hour local service (stoptrein) Groningen – Zuidbroek – Winschoten
2× per hour local service (stoptrein) Groningen – Sauwerd – Roodeschool (a few times a day: Eemshaven)
2× per hour local service (stoptrein) Groningen – Sauwerd – Delfzijl

Buses

There are 41 local and regional bus services at the station operated by Qbuzz.

References

External links

 Groningen station, station information

1866 establishments in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures completed in 1896
Buildings and structures in Groningen (city)
Transport in Groningen (city)
Railway stations in Groningen (province)
Railway stations on the Staatslijn B
Railway stations on the Staatslijn C
Railway stations opened in 1866
Rijksmonuments in Groningen (province)
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1860s
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1890s
Renaissance Revival architecture in the Netherlands


The Aeolian Company was a musical-instrument making firm whose products included player organs, pianos, sheet music, records and phonographs. Founded in 1887, it was at one point the world's largest such firm. During the mid 20th century, it surpassed Kimball to become the largest supplier of pianos in the United States, having contracts with Steinway & Sons due to its Duo-Art system of player pianos. It went out of business in 1985.

History
The Aeolian Company was founded by New York City piano maker William B. Tremaine as the Aeolian Organ & Music Co. (1887) to make automatic organs and, after 1895, as the Aeolian Co. automatic pianos as well. The factory was initially located in Meriden, Connecticut. Tremaine had previously founded the Mechanical Orguinette Co. in 1878 to manufacture automated reed organs. The manufacture of residence or "chamber" organs to provide entertainment in the mansions of millionaires was an extremely profitable undertaking, and Aeolian virtually cornered the market in this trade, freeing them from the tight competition of church-organ building with its narrow profit margins. Elaborate cases and consoles were often featured in residence organs. In other installations, the pipes were hidden behind tapestries, under or above staircases, or spoke from the basement through grilles or tone chutes.  The company also made organettes and player pump organs for the "Working Man" to buy.
The pianola, a pneumatic player piano, soon after became extremely popular. It had been invented in 1895 by Edwin S. Votey, president of the Farrand & Votey Organ Company in Detroit. In 1897, Votey joined Aeolian, and in 1900 the firm obtained the patent for such instruments.

In 1899, Aeolian took over the property and business of the Vocalian Company of Worcester, Mass. and ran it together with the Meriden plant.

In 1903, Tremaine absorbed a number of companies making self-playing instruments, including the [Albert] Weber Co., a  New York piano maker since 1852, into  the Aeolian, Weber Piano & Pianola Co.

In 1904 Aeolian sued the Los Angeles Art Organ Company for patent infringement of its player mechanism, leading to court victories that, with other factors, effectively shut down a competitor. Other patent lawsuits were not always successful.

As the pianola, in its turn, was supplanted by the newer Aeolian's "Duo Art" reproducing piano (1913), which could reproduce the sound of a famous artist playing without manual intervention, the Aeolian, Weber Piano & Pianola Co. became the world's leading manufacturer of such roll-operated instruments.

In 1915 the Aeolian Co. started making Vocalion phonographs and in 1917/8 started Vocalion Records, a maker of high-quality discs which in December 1924 was sold to Brunswick Records. The phonograph was one of the main factors in the demise of the player piano, although Starr made players and records as well as pianos. An attempt of the company to engage in the production of church and concert organs resulted in important installations at Duke University Chapel and Longwood Gardens. It was undermined by the  Great Depression, during which the organ division was merged with the E.M. Skinner Organ Co. to become the Aeolian-Skinner Organ Co., a leading builder until the 1970s.

On January 27, 1917, R. J. Reynolds placed an order with the Aeolian Company for a pipe organ with four keyboards and a pedal footboard. Today, the organ has about 250 organ rolls and is played in the afternoon for visitors.

As the popularity of the player piano faded with the rise of the phonograph and radio, the company merged in 1932 with the American Piano Company (itself a 1908 consolidation of Chickering & Sons, Knabe & Co., and other manufacturers).  The combined company, known as the Aeolian-American Corporation, went through several ownership changes.

In 1959, ownership passed to the Heller family, owners of the former Winter and Co., and it was renamed simply the Aeolian Corporation. William G. Heller, who had worked for Aeolian and its predecessor companies since 1904, served as a company president from 1924 until his death in 1974.

In 1974, Aeolian sold pianos under the brand names of Mason & Hamlin, Chickering, Knabe, Hardman & Peck, Winter, Cable, and Ivers & Pond.

In 1983, two years before declaring bankruptcy, it was sold to former Steinway president Peter Perez.

Location

Aeolian was first located at 841 Broadway, in the heart (and soul) of the piano district; the company later moved to 23rd Street, and then to 360 Fifth Avenue.  Aeolian Hall (1912–13), 33  West 42nd Street, housed the firm's general offices and demonstration rooms as a recital hall on the 43rd Street side, where many noted musicians performed, and was where the first Vocalions were made. The building was sold by Aeolian in 1924. The firm's pipe-organ factory was in  Garwood, N.J., until the merger with the E.M. Skinner Co.

The firm returned to Fifth Avenue in 1925, this time moving to 689 Fifth Avenue.  The firm's facilities in the new Aeolian Building included a 150-seat recital hall, recording studios for Duo Art piano rolls, offices, design studios, drafting rooms, and a director's room in the upper stories. The Aeolian Company (as Aeolian American Corp.) remained in the Aeolian Building until 1938, after which it leased half of Chickering Hall on West 57th St.

Copyright law

It was Congressional suspicion of the market power of the Aeolian company during the early 20th century that prompted adoption of the first compulsory license system in U.S. copyright law, for the mechanical reproduction of musical compositions, a category that included piano rolls.

The player piano deeply troubled popular music composers such as John Philip Sousa. Sousa worried that the pianos would kill the public's demand for sheet music, and sheet music was the source of composers’ copyright royalties. To make matters worse, the player piano companies refused to pay royalties to composers for the songs they put on player piano rolls. These rolls were scrolls of paper with holes punched out in patterns that instructed the piano how to play a particular song. The rolls, argued the player piano companies, did not “copy” the composers’ musical compositions. As a result, they were perfectly legal.

The Supreme Court, in its 1908 opinion in White-Smith Music Publishing Company v. Apollo Company, sided with the player piano companies. The Court held that because humans could not read player piano rolls, they were not in fact copies of the musical compositions they encoded.

The result in White-Smith lasted but a year before Congressional action. The Copyright Act of 1909 mandated that all musical compositions would be subject to a compulsory license. In short, since 1909 the copyright law has allowed musicians to copy others’ songs by mechanical means (e.g., via piano roll or phonorecord/sound recording) without asking permission, so long as they paid a specified fee to the original songwriter.

Anticipating that Congress was about to overturn White-Smith, Aeolian Company moved swiftly to buy up song rights from musicians and publishing companies so it could copy them onto player piano rolls. Aeolian's competitors quickly complained to Congress about Aeolian's attempt to corner the music market. Congress responded with the invention of the cover song rule.

References

Musical instrument manufacturing companies based in New York City
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City
Manufacturing companies established in 1887
Piano manufacturing companies of the United States
Pipe organ building companies
1887 establishments in New York (state)
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1932
1932 disestablishments in New York (state)
1932 mergers and acquisitions
American companies disestablished in 1932
American companies established in 1887


Rosalind Fox Solomon (born 1930) is an American photographer based in New York City.

Life and education
Solomon was born on 2 April 1930 in Highland Park, Illinois. She graduated from Highland Park High School in 1947. She attended Goucher College in Baltimore, Maryland graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in 1951.

She married Joel W. (Jay) Solomon (1921–1984), with whom she had two children. The marriage ended in divorce.

Solomon sailed to Belgium and France with The Experiment in International Living.

She studied intermittently with Lisette Model from 1971 to 1977.

Before photography
Later Solomon became the Southern Regional Director of the Experiment in International Living. In this capacity, she visited communities throughout the Southern United States, recruiting families to host international guests and interact with other cultures in a personal way.

In August 1963, Solomon traveled to Washington, D.C. for an interview with the Equal Employment Department of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), which was then establishing a program for part-time recruiter–consultants in various regions of the United States. Solomon and a group of USAID staff including Roger Wilkins (nephew of Roy Wilkins) joined the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, during which Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.  Subsequently, in her work for USAID, Solomon traveled to historically black colleges in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee where she spoke to students and faculty about overseas employment opportunities.

Photography
In 1968 Solomon's volunteer work with the Experiment in International Living brought her to Japan where she stayed with a family near Tokyo. There, at age 38, Solomon began to use an Instamatic camera to communicate her feelings and thoughts. This was the starting point for her photography practice, which also includes prose related to her life experiences.

Upon her return to the United States, Solomon photographed regularly. She purchased a Nikkormat in 1969 and in the garden shed she processed 35 mm black and white film and printed her first pictures. In 1971, she began intermittent studies with Lisette Model during visits to New York City. By 1974 she was using a medium format camera. Dolls, children, and manikins were some of her first subjects, along with portraits and rituals. She works with black and white film exclusively.

In 1975, Solomon began photographing at the Baroness Erlanger Hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee. She photographed people recovering from operations, wounds, and illness.

In early 1977, Solomon photographed William Eggleston, his family and friends in Tennessee and Mississippi. She moved to Washington where she photographed artists and politicians for the series "Outside the White House" in 1977 and 1978.

In 1978 and 1979, she also photographed in the Guatemalan Highlands. Her interest in how people cope with adversity, led her to witness a shaman's rites and a funeral and made photographs in Easter processions.

In 1980, Solomon began her work in Ancash, Peru where she returned intermittently for over 20 years. She made photographs in cemeteries where damage from the 1970 Ancash earthquake was still apparent. She continued photographing shamans, cemeteries, funerals and other rituals. She also photographed people of a subsistence economy surviving the extremes of life through Catholic, Evangelist, and Indigenous rites.

With a fellowship from the American Institute of Indian Studies, in 1981 Solomon began photographing festival rites in India. She found an expression of female energy and power in the forms of the goddess figures created in the sculptors' communities of Kolkata (Calcutta). In 1982 and 1983, she continued this work. While there, she photographed artists, including the painter, Ganesh Pyne and the filmmaker, Satyagit Ray. She also made portraits of the Dalai Lama and photographed Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

In 1987 and 1988, Solomon photographed people with AIDS alone, with their families, and with their lovers. The project resulted in the exhibition, Portraits in the Time of AIDS at the Grey Gallery of Art of New York University in 1988.

In 1988, with concerns about the rise of ethnic violence in the world, she made her first trip to Poland. In 2003, she returned to work again in Poland. In 1988 Solomon's interest in race relations and ethnic violence, took her to Northern Ireland, Zimbabwe and South Africa. She continued the project in 1989 and 1990 in Northern Ireland and South Africa. In the 1990s, she visited hospitals in Yugoslavia and rehabilitation centers for victims of mines in Cambodia, and photographed victims of the American/Vietnam War near Hanoi.

Solomon photographed in Israel and the West Bank for five months during 2010 and 2011, part of This Place. She made portraits of people in Israel and the West Bank.  She was photographing Palestinians in Jenin, and happened to be only a few minutes away when Israeli–Palestinian actor and director of The Freedom Theatre, Juliano Mer-Khamis, was gunned down in April 2011.

Publications

Books, catalogues, etc of Solomon's photography

 Union Depot: Photographed 1971–1973. Rosalind Solomon, 1973. Portfolio of 22 photographs. Edition of 100.
 Rosalind Solomon, Washington: May 15 – June 29, 1980. Washington, DC: Corcoran Gallery, 1980. Twenty-page exhibition catalogue, text by Jane Livingston.
 Rosalind Solomon: Venezia, 13. VII – 14. VIII. 1982. Venice: Ikona Photo Gallery, 1982. Eighteen-page exhibition catalogue, ed. Živa Kraus, text by Ljerka Mifka.
 Rosalind Solomon: India: An exhibition of photographs. New Delhi: M. Pistor for the United States Information Service, 1983. Sixteen-page exhibition catalogue, text by Will Stapp.
 Rosalind Solomon. Earth Rites: Photographs from inside the Third World. San Diego, CA: Museum of Photographic Arts, 1986. Twelve-page exhibition catalogue, text by Arthur Ollman.
 Rosalind Solomon. Portraits in the Time of AIDS. New York: Grey Art Gallery & Studio Center, New York University, 1988. . Exhibition catalogue, text by Thomas Sokolowski.
 Rosalind Solomon: Photographs, 1976–1987. Tucson, Arizona: Etherton Gallery, 1988. Thirty-two-page exhibition catalogue. With an essay by Arthur Ollman.
 Rosalind Solomon: El Perú y Otros Lugares = Peru and Other Places. Lima: Museo de Arte de Lima, 1996. Exhibition catalogue. With an introductory essay by  and Jorge Villacorta; text in Spanish and English.
 Rosalind Solomon. Chapalingas. Göttingen: Steidl, 2003. . Photographs and texts by Solomon, catalogue essays by , Ingrid Sischy and Gabriel Conrath-Scholl. Text in German, English and French. Published to accompany an exhibition a Die Photographische Sammlung/SK Stiftung Kultur, Cologne.
 Rosalind Solomon. Polish Shadow. Göttingen: Steidl, 2006. .
 Rosalind Fox Solomon. Them. London: Mack, 2014. .
 Rosalind Fox Solomon. Got to Go. London: Mack, 2016. .
 Rosalind Fox Solomon. Liberty Theater. London: Mack, 2018. . With an essay, "The Play of Freedoms", by Stanley Wolukau-Wanambwa.
 Rosalind Fox Solomon. The Forgotten. London: Mack, 2021. .

Recordings by Solomon
Corazón: Songs and Music Recorded in Peru by Rosalind Solomon. Folkways Records FSS 34035, 1985. Recorded, produced and with photographs by Solomon. Reissued by Smithsonian Folkways.
Indian Love Rites: Durga Puja and Kali Puja in Calcutta. Ethnic Folkways Records FE 4349, 1986. Recording produced by Solomon, and with photographs by her. The sounds of Durga Puja and Kali Puja. Reissued by Smithsonian Folkways.

Other publications
 John Szarkowski. Mirrors and Windows: American Photography Since 1960. Catalog of exhibition held at the Museum of Modern Art, 1978, and elsewhere, 1978–1980. , .
 Susan Kismaric. American Children: Photographs from the Collection of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1980. , .
 Keith F Davis, ed. Wanderlust: Work by eight contemporary photographers from the Hallmark photographic collection. Kansas City, MO: Hallmark Cards. Distribution: Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, 1987. .
 Susan Kismaric. American Politicians: Photographs from 1843 to 1993. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1994. , , .
 Vincent Gerard and Cedric Laty. Eggleston on Film. 85 minutes. 2005
 Amerika: die soziale Landschaft 1940 bis 2006: Meisterwerke amerikanischer Fotografie  America: The social landscape from 1940 until 2006: Masterpieces of American photography. Bologna, Italy: Damiani; Vienna: Kunsthalle Wien, 2006. . Catalogue of an exhibition held at Kunsthalle Wien.
 Charlotte Cotton, ed. This Place. London: Mack, 2014. . Photographs of Israel and the West Bank by Frédéric Brenner, Wendy Ewald, Martin Kollar, Josef Koudelka, Jungjin Lee, Gilles Peress, Fazal Sheikh, Stephen Shore, Solomon, Thomas Struth, Jeff Wall and Nick Waplington.
Gabriele Conrath-Scholl and Stephan Berg, eds. Mit anderen Augen. Das Porträt in der zeitgenössischen Fotografie = With Different Eyes: The Portrait in Contemporary Photography. Cologne: Snoeck, 2016. . Catalogue of the 2016 exhibition.

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

Group exhibitions

Major collections

In 2007, the University of Arizona's Center for Creative Photography acquired Solomon's archive, which includes her photographic archive, books and video work.

Awards
1979: Guggenheim Fellowship
1989: National Endowment for the Arts fellowship
1980s: Grants from the American Institute of Indian Studies
2011: Honorary degree from Goucher College
2016: Lucie Award in Achievement in Portraiture category
2019: International Center of Photography Infinity Award: Lifetime Achievement

Notes

References

External links

1930 births
Living people
Photographers from Illinois
National Endowment for the Arts Fellows
People from Highland Park, Illinois
Goucher College alumni
Highland Park High School (Illinois) alumni
20th-century American photographers
21st-century American photographers
20th-century American women photographers
21st-century American women photographers


Broom Development Engineering is a British motorcycle manufacturer, and provides research and development services to the automotive and aerospace industries. Established in 1982 by engineer, Hesketh test rider and motorcycle racer Mick Broom, the company  is based at Turweston Airfield near Brackley, Northamptonshire not far from the Silverstone racing circuit and has continued to improve the Hesketh V1000 engine and frame performance as well as updating earlier motorcycles to the latest specification. It produced each year about a dozen new V1000 EN10 motorcycles which were the V1000 with oil cooling improvements including an oil radiator to cool the  rear cylinder. It has also produced fifty Hesketh Vampire tourers to customer specifications. Mick Broom put the Hesketh business up for sale in September 2008. The Hesketh motorcycle side of Broom Development Engineering was taken over by Mr Paul Sleeman who relocated the business south of London and intends to continue the improvements to the present models, with back-up and spares to present Hesketh owners and in time introduce new models.

Model range

References

External links

Motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom


ZESCO (acronym for Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation Limited) is a state-owned power company in Zambia. It is Zambia's largest power company producing about 80% of the electricity consumed in the country.  ZESCO represents Zambia in the Southern African Power Pool.

Operations
The company operates nine hydropower stations with a combined capacity of 2,217.5 MW and eight small thermal power plants with a combined capacity of 11.3 MW resulting in a total installed capacity of 2,228.8 MW.

The company also owns and operates power distribution and transmission lines of 9,975 km.

ZESCO has formed power purchase agreements with private companies that own power plants in Zambia. It purchases the power produced and feeds is directly into the national grid. GL Africa Energy provides the national grid through ZESCO with over 105 MW of power under this agreement.

ZESCO owns 40% shares in EL Sewedy Electric Zambia Limited.

In June 2022, ZESCO signed a 13-year Bulk Supply Agreement (BSA) with Copperbelt Energy Corporation (CEC) Plc. The power supply limit under the BSA was set at 380MW. ZESCO projects that they will earn an estimated US$150.0 million per annum from the agreement. These earnings are expected to translate into an estimated US$2.0 billion over the lifetime of the BSA.

In July 2022, at the 94th Agricultural and Commercial Show in Lusaka, the managing director of the National Utility ZESCO, Victor Mapani announced that the company plans to deploy Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations across the country in an effort to accelerate and promote the transition to EVs and enhance carbon emission reduction.

Power stations

Kafue Gorge Lower, 750 MW
Kafue Gorge Upper, 990 MW
Kariba North Bank, 720 MW
Kariba North Bank Extension, 360 MW
Victoria Falls, 108 MW
 Itezhi-Tezhi Dam, 120 MW
Maamba Collieries Thermal Power Station, 300 MW

Limitations
The national grid in Zambia only extends to some parts of the country.  For example, it ends  from the Ikelenge area around Kalene Hill in the extreme northwest, and as of 2008, ZESCO had no plans to provide power to this remote area. In response, some small-scale private operations have been established such as the Zengamina 700 KW hydroelectric generator.  The Energy Regulation Board is encouraging private investment in hydroelectric power generation in view of the power deficit.

See also

 Economy of Zambia
 List of Zambian Companies

References

Notes

External links
ZESCO Official website

Electric power companies of Zambia
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1970
1970 establishments in Zambia


Paul Joseph Dennis Hodgson (born April 14, 1960) is a Canadian-born former Major League Baseball outfielder.

After being signed on his 17th birthday by the Toronto Blue Jays as an amateur free agent in 1977, he played his entire career in their organization, appearing in 20 games in the major leagues in 1980 at the age of 20, and after three more seasons in the minors his professional baseball career was over at the age of 23.

External links

1960 births
Anglophone Quebec people
Baseball people from Quebec
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Major League Baseball outfielders
Toronto Blue Jays players
Utica Blue Jays players
Medicine Hat Blue Jays players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Kinston Eagles players
Knoxville Blue Jays players
Major League Baseball players from Canada
Living people
Baseball players from Montreal


Four vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Plucky:

 HMS Plucky was a 212-ton steam tender purchased in 1856 and sold in 1858.
  was a 196-ton iron-screw gunboat that was launched at Portsmouth Dockyard on 13 July 1870. Renamed  in June 1915. It was sold in 1928.
  was an  that was launched at Scotts, Greenock on 21 April 1916. It was sold for breaking up 9 May 1921, and scrapped in 1924.
  was an  that was launched at Harland and Wolff, Belfast on 29 September 1943. It arrived at Clayton & Davie, Dunston for breaking up in March 1962.

References

Royal Navy ship names


The Antonov A-2 and related designs were a family of two-seat training gliders produced in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s, all derived from the single-seat Antonov A-1 family. They were produced in large numbers, with at least 2,300 built by 1937, and together with the single-seaters, production exceeded 7,600 by the same year.

Like the A-1, the A-2 was a minimalist primary glider, with a conventional tail mounted on a boom and a strut-braced monoplane wing, mounted parasol-fashion. However, while the single-seat primary gliders featured wings of constant chord, the two-seaters used the longer-span, tapered wings that had been developed for the soaring versions of the single-seat family (P-s1 and P-s2). The other major difference was the design of the cockpit gondola. The single-seaters featured an aerodynamic fairing that slid on and off to provide access to the pilot's seat. The two-seaters, however, had a permanently fixed cockpit pod that seated the pilot and instructor in tandem, open cockpits, each with a small windscreen The rear cockpit was located directly beneath the wing and was accessed via a door on the port side of the gondola. Apart from the change in gondola, all other components remained interchangeable with the Ps-2

Variants
In each case, the "s" stands for serii (серии – "series")

Uchebnyi (Учебный – "Trainer")
 U-s5 (У-с5)
 U-s6 (У-с6)

Specifications (U-s5)

Notes

References

1930s Soviet sailplanes
Glider aircraft
A-02
Aircraft first flown in 1936


The Beep Seals were an English psychedelic indie rock band from Manchester.

Career
The Beep Seals were formed in 2006 by former Alfie guitarist Ian Smith, Jack Cooper, Phil Anderson and Milo Scaglioni. They began working on demos after touring with Jim Noir in support of his Tower of Love album as his backing band. In October 2006, the band played their first gig (a tribute to the recently deceased Syd Barrett) drafting in drummer Jay Sikora. Milo Scaglioni left in 2007, and in 2008 joined a band from his native Italy, Jennifer Gentle Before the recording of the band's debut album, former Alfie bassist Sam Morris joined the band.

In April 2007, the Beep Seals recorded their first single, "Tell Your Friends" / "I Used To Work At The Zoo", which was released on vinyl via Kings & Creature Recordings. After their second release on London's Heron Recordings, "Stars" / "Chariot Song", the band began work on their debut album, Things That Roar which was released in the UK on Heron Recordings and in Japan on Kurofune Records.

In support of Things That Roar, The Beep Seals supported and toured with Jarvis Cocker, Dead Meadow, Teenage Fanclub, The Fall, The Ting Tings, British Sea Power, Vetiver, Camera Obscura and Acid Mothers Temple.

It was announced on 1 April 2009 via the band's MySpace that the band had split up. The final gig was set for May in Glasgow at Beepfest - a festival set around the band, but this was cancelled at the last minute.

Cooper went on to form Mazes, who have released three albums on FatCat Records and Ultimate Painting.

Appearances

 The band appeared at a variety of music festivals in the UK: Green Man Festival, Latitude Festival, Secret Garden Party and Llama.
 The Beep Seals have been championed by BBC 6Music's Marc Riley, recording three live sessions for him in 2007.
 Their track "Stars and Biting Glass" has been used on the BBC Three comedy Massive.
 "I Used To Work At The Zoo" has been used by the BBC on their television programme Animal Park.

Discography
April 2007 - "Tell Your Friends" / "I Used To Work At The Zoo" 7" (Kings & Creatures)
August 2007 - "Stars" / "Chariot Song" 7" Heron Recordings
December 2007 - "Beep Seals Sampler" (Limited edition)
June 2008 - Things That Roar  - album - Heron Recordings

References

External links
 Official MySpace
[ Discography at Allmusic.com]

English rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2006


"Mashed Potato Time" is a 1962 single written by Kal Mann and Bernie Lowe, and performed by Dee Dee Sharp, with backing vocals by The Orlons, on her debut album It's Mashed Potato Time. The song refers to the Mashed Potato dance move, which was a fad. It was one of several songs that at that time that referenced the dance, another being James Brown's "Mashed Potatoes U.S.A." The Marvelettes song "Please Mr. Postman" is mentioned in the lyrics and is copied in the arrangement. Also mentioned in the lyrics are the songs "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" by the Tokens and "Dear Lady Twist" by Gary U.S. Bonds. Sharp recorded a sequel to "Mashed Potato Time" called "Gravy (For My Mashed Potatoes)".

In 1996 the Campbell Soup Company featured the song in a $30 million advertising campaign, using a new, more upbeat recording by Sharp.

In 2009, the song appeared in the video game Just Dance as a playable track.

In 2022, it appeared in a TV commercial for AirBNB.

Chart performance
The song reached No. 1 on the Cashbox Top 100 and Billboard R&B charts in 1962, as well as No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was kept from the No. 1 spot by "Soldier Boy" by The Shirelles. Billboard ranked it as the No. 3 song for 1962.  It became a gold record.

Cover versions
Dick and Dee Dee released a version of the song on their 1962 album Tell Me - The Mountain's High.
The Marvelettes, whose hit "Please Mr. Postman" was mentioned in the lyrics, covered this song on their 1962 album The Marvelettes Sing.
Dee Dee Ramone, as Dee Dee King, recorded a hip hop version of the song, with new lyrics, on his 1989 album Standing in the Spotlight, with Debbie Harry of Blondie on backing vocals.
Bobby "Boris" Pickett's "Monster Mash," released a few months after "Mashed Potato Time", was written in part as a parody of Dee Dee Sharp's record, even copying the "whaa-oo" backing vocal.

See also
List of number-one R&B singles of 1962 (U.S.)

References

1962 songs
1962 debut singles
Cashbox number-one singles
Dee Dee Sharp songs
Songs about dancing
Songs written by Bernie Lowe
Sequel songs


Boloria bellona, the meadow fritillary, is a North American butterfly in the brushfoot family, Nymphalidae. The common name, meadow fritillary, is also used for a European butterfly species, Melitaea parthenoides.

Description

The upperside of the wings is yellow orange with dark spots, lines, and zigzagged bands. The forewing is squared off just below the apex. A dark border on the hindwing margin is lacking on most individuals. It has long palps. The underside of the wings are mottled with orange and purplish-brown. There is a yellowish band that runs across the center of the hindwing. It lacks the silver spots most lesser fritillaries have. The forewing is smudged with orange and brown near the apex. The wingspan of the meadow fritillary is 3.5 - 5.1 cm ( - 2 inches).

Similar species
Similar species in the meadow fritillary's range include the silver-bordered fritillary (Boloria selene), the bog fritillary (Boloria eunomia), and the purplish fritillary (Boloria chariclea).

The silver-bordered fritillary has rounder wings than the meadow fritillary, has a dark hindwing margin border, and has silver spots on the underside of the hindwing.

The bog fritillary is a bit smaller than the meadow fritillary, its wing bases are hairy, and on the underside of the hindwing are a series of bands and patches which are rust red, yellow, and white.

The purplish fritillary is also a bit smaller than the meadow fritillary, and the underside of the hindwings are a deep, rusty red.

Habitat
The meadow fritillary is frequently encountered in wet, open places, including pastures, fields, and streamsides.

Life cycle
The female is the active flight partner. Females deposit greenish-yellow eggs near the host plant on twigs or leaves. Mature larvae are gray and black with small, light colored spines. The chrysalis is yellow brown. The meadow fritillary overwinters as a larva. It has one or two broods per year.

Host plants
Host plants used by the meadow fritillary:
 Northern white violet, Viola pallens
 Common blue violet, Viola sororia

Image gallery

References
 Brock, Jim P. and Kenn Kaufman. (2003). Butterflies of North America. Houghton Mifflin, New York.
 Shull, Ernest M. (1987) The Butterflies of Indiana. by Indiana Academy of Science.
 Cech, Rick and Guy Tudor (2005). Butterflies of the East Coast. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
 Wagner, David L. (2005). Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

Further reading
 Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars: The West (2001).
 Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001).
 James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011).
 Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008).
 Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002).

External links
 Butterflies and Moths of North America - Boloria bellona
 Butterflies of America - Boloria bellona

Butterflies of North America
Boloria
Butterflies described in 1775


is a local newspaper in Moss, Norway. Having a rivalry with Moss Dagblad, it is published six days a week. The chief editor is Pål Enghaug.

It was established in 1876, and became affiliated with the Liberal Party. It later shifted to the right before becoming non-partisan. It was originally published three times a week, but this was expanded to six times in 1931. It changed to tabloid format in 1989, and launched its Internet site in 1999. Between 1998 and 2008 it was published seven times a week.

In addition to Moss, the newspaper covers Rygge, Råde, Våler, Son and Hobøl. It has a circulation of 14,979, of whom 14,703 are subscribers. It is owned by Mediehuset Østfold, which is owned 99.3% by Edda Media.

References

Newspapers established in 1876
Daily newspapers published in Norway
Mass media in Moss, Norway
Liberal Party (Norway) newspapers
1876 establishments in Norway
Norwegian-language newspapers


Auchterless railway station was a railway station in Auchterless, Aberdeenshire. It served the rural area, the estate of Towie Barclay and a settlement known as Kirkton of Auchterless stands  away. It was opened in 1857 by the Banff Macduff & Turriff Junction Railway, later part of the Great North of Scotland Railway, then the LNER and finally British Railways, on the branchline from Inveramsay to Macduff, the station closed to passengers in 1951 and to goods in 1966. The station lay below Gallowhill and the town lay to the north-east.

History
Opened  by the Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway, then part of the Great North of Scotland Railway it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923, passing on to the Scottish Region of British Railways during the nationalisation of 1948. It was then closed by British Railways with passenger services withdrawn after 30 September 1951.

Infrastructure

The station lay  from Inveramsay and stood at  above sea level. Two signal boxes were eventually located here, designated 'South' and 'North'. They were both opened on 28 March 1892 and were closed on 28 March 1933. The station originally had two stone built platforms with a small wooden shelter on one side and a typical brick built ticket office and waiting room on the other northbound platform. A footbridge crossed the passing loop to the north of the station buildings, and a signal box stood next to the level crossing. The signal box to the south closed in 1933, whilst the box to the north remained as a gate box for the level crossing until 1966. The passing loop and second platform, footbridge, etc were removed before passenger services ceased to reduce maintenance costs. The station house and cottage stood to the north.

The goods station stood to the south on the western side of the single track line and was approached from the south. The goods yard in 1900 had three sidings, a shed and a loading dock with some ancillary buildings. The goods yard had a  crane and a weighing machine.

Remains
The main station survives in altered form as a private dwelling and the railway cottage and house are still present.

Services
From 1926 Sunday excursion trains from Aberdeen were advertised and from 1938 they appeared in the timetables. In 1932 passenger trains stopped at all the stations with five a day in each direction. Although regular passengers services ceased in 1951 a SLS/RCTS Joint Scottish Tour visited Turriff on 13 June 1960 and another excursion ran in 1965. In WWII fuel oil was transported to Turriff and was then piped to Ministry of Defence storage tanks which supplied local airfields. By 1948 four return trips a day were made as the coal supply situation had improved. Another severe coal shortage occurred in 1951 and the passenger service ceased despite protests. All trains stopped at Auchterless.

References

Notes

Sources

 McLeish, Duncan (2014). Rails to Banff, Macduff and Oldmeldrum. Pub. GNoSRA. .

External links
 RAILSCOT on Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway
 RAILSCOT on Banff, Macduff and Turriff Extension Railway

Disused railway stations in Aberdeenshire
Former Great North of Scotland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1857
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1951
1857 establishments in Scotland
1951 disestablishments in Scotland


Mahudi is a town in Mansa taluka of Gandhinagar district, Gujarat, India situated on the banks of Madhumati river, a tributary of Sabarmati River. It is a pilgrimage centre of Jains and other communities visiting temple of Jain deity, Ghantakarna Mahavir and Padmaprabhu Jain Temple. It was known as Madhupuri formerly.

Mahudi Jain temple

Mahudi Jain Temple was established by Jain monk, Buddhisagar Suri in 1917 CE (Magshar Sudi 6, Vikram Samvat 1974). There is an  inscription in the Brahmi script of it. The foundation stone was laid in 1916 CE on land donated by Vadilal Kalidas Vora. He along with Punamchand Lallubhai Shah, Kankkuchand Narsidas Mehta and Himmatlal Hakamchand Mehta became trustees of trust established to manage the temple. The 22-inch marble idol of Padmaprabh as a central deity was installed. The separate shrine dedicated to protector deity, Ghantakarna Mahavir was also established. Guru Mandir, a shrine dedicated to Buddhisagar Suri was established later.

Devotees offer sukhadi, a sweet to Ghantakarna Mahavir. After offering, it is consumed by devotees within the temple complex.

Important event
Every year, on Kali Chaudas (the fourteenth day of the dark half of the month of Aso), thousands of devotees visit the temple to attend a religious ceremony, Havan.

Other places
 Kotyrak Khadayata temple is dedicated to Krishna and is kuldevta of Khadayata community.
 Padma Pyramid Centre is another Jain temple nearby in shape of pyramid.

See also
Vijapur
Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)

References

Cities and towns in Gandhinagar district
Jain temples in Gujarat
20th-century Jain temples


Huyi District (), formerly known as Hu County or Huxian (, written as / before 1964,  (same for both ways of writing)), is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, Northwest China. The district was approved to establish from the former Hu County () by the Chinese State Council on November 24, 2016. As of 2018, its population was 558,600. The district borders the prefecture-level cities of Xianyang to the north and Ankang to the south and Chang'an District to the east.

It has an area of , and contains 11 towns and five townships. Towards its south the district is bordered by the Qin Mountains and to the north by the Weihe River. Thirty-six rivers run through the area, making the land very fertile. Fifty-five acres of land are arable and 52.4 acres of land are covered by forests. The region has an abundance of minerals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, limestone and marble.

In 2010 GDP reached 100 billion Yuan (about US$2000 per capita).

Climate

The district enjoys a warm tropical climate, free of extreme temperatures, with an average temperature of around 13.3 degrees Celsius (55 °F). The most pleasant months are in spring between March and May and September to November. The winters are cold but not excessively so, with an average temperature of -1 Celsius (30 °F) in January. The summers are warm and dry with most of the precipitation coming in the autumn.

Administrative divisions
As 2020, Huyi District is divided to 8 subdistricts and 6 towns.
Subdistricts

Towns

Economy

This district is one of the main sources of Aggregata.

Herbs
There are 340 kinds of medicinal herbs that grow wild in the area including Iris, Aggregata, Bupleurum, Tianma, Honeysuckle, Fritillaria, and Schisandra.

Demographics

The district has a male population of 303,400 and female population of 274,600 (1.1 male:1 female). The majority of the district's population is rural at 477,400, while the urban population is 100,600  (roughly 86.45% and 16.55% respectively). The population density is 477 people per square kilometer. Population density in urban areas can reach as high as 3400 per square kilometer, and can be as low as 11 per square kilometer in rural areas. Han make up 99.88% of the population, although 21 other ethnic groups also live there.

Transport
Xi'an–Huyi railway (operated by Xi'an Rail Transit Group since November 2022): Huxian station
Xi'an–Chengdu high-speed railway (operated by China Railway Xi'an Group): Huyi railway station

Tourism
Tourist attractions

Huyi district is famous for a variety of tourist attractions. Tourists can enjoy the landscape of this region, especially in two national parks—Taiping National Forest Park and Zhuque National Forest Park, which offer a great view of mountains and waterfalls. It is also the home to two famous temples: Caotang Temple and Chongyang Palace, where Wang Chongyang, founder of Quanzhen School, practiced Taoism and where he was buried. It is said that great ancient Chinese poets such as Du Fu, Cen Shen, Su Shi, and Cheng Hao visited Meibei Lake, which lies to the west of the downtown area of Huyi District.

References

External links

Districts of Xi'an


Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel (Hebrew for: "People of Peace" followed by "Children of Israel") is a Modern Orthodox congregation located in the Lakeview neighborhood on the north side of Chicago, Illinois.

History

The Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel Congregation was founded in 1870 as Ohave Sholom (Lovers of Peace) by a group of Lithuanian Jewish families primarily from Marijampolė, Lithuania.  This congregation is considered to be the oldest Orthodox congregation still existing in Chicago.

In the summer of 1870, Duber (Dov Ber) Ginsburg, an immigrant from Marijampolė, appeared for services at the Bais Medrash Hagodol synagogue wearing a straw hat. The leaders of the shul considered it frivolous and threw him out. Offended, Ginsburg assembled a minyan (congregation) from his old-country friends and founded a competing shul (synagogue), Ohave Sholom Mariampol, at Polk and Dearborn Streets.

In 1871 the Great Chicago Fire drove many homeless Jewish men and women into the neighborhood, and membership grew rapidly. In 1892, the congregation merged with the Anshe Kalvarier shul (whose building had been demolished when 12th Street, now Roosevelt Road, was widened) and adopted the name, "Anshe Sholom Congregation." In 1894, they retained their first rabbi, Abraham Samuel Braude, who served until his death in 1907. It was long known unofficially as "The Mariampoler Shul" and also informally as "The Straw Hat Shul."

In 1910 Saul Silber became the rabbi and the congregation moved west into a new domed building by Chicago architect Alexander Levy at Polk and Ashland. However, the Jewish community was moving farther west into the Lawndale district, and so the congregation opened a branch on Homan Avenue and during the 1920s sold the Ashland Avenue structure to a Greek Orthodox Christian congregation. They soon built another building at Independence and Polk. It was also at this time that Silber helped to establish the Hebrew Theological College and served without salary as its first president, while continuing at Anshe Sholom until his death in 1946.

In 1940, a group of members opened a branch called "Lakeview Anshe Sholom Center" in a converted greystone residence at 540 West Melrose Street on the North Side, where Herman Davis became the rabbi in 1945.

Under Davis the congregation constructed a school building directly east of Anshe Sholom. After this a new shul was erected, and dedicated in 1959.

In 1960, the last few members of Congregation B'nai Israel in Old Town ceased operations in the 1300 block of Sedgwick Street, and the shul became "Lakeview Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel." Two years later the main Anshe Sholom Congregation on Independence Boulevard also merged, creating the present shul's name.

After Davis' death in 1975 Joseph Deitcher became the rabbi, and after Deitcher's death in 1994 Asher Lopatin succeeded him. In 2013, David Wolkenfeld succeeded Asher Lopatin and served as the rabbi for 10 years.

See also
 History of the Jews in Chicago

References

External links
 Anshe Sholom B'nai Israel Congregation Homepage

Lithuanian-American culture in Chicago
Lithuanian-Jewish culture in the United States
Orthodox Judaism in Chicago
Synagogues in Chicago
Modern Orthodox synagogues in the United States
Religious organizations established in 1870
Religious organizations based in Chicago