"Likable" is Toshinori Yonekura's 29th single. Released as a limited print CD single coupled with a DVD, it is Yonekura's final single released under Warner Music Group. It is the lead single to his album, Samurai Quality (2007).

Overview
In 2007, Yonekura celebrated his 15th anniversary since his debut in 1992 with a special concert tour, album and the single, "Likable." Aside from the lead track, the single featured three "self-covers" as b-sides all of which were written for and released by other artist. "Faith" was originally recorded by the rock idol group, TOKIO, who released the song on their 2003 album, Glider. "Natural Thang" a Latin influenced pop song was originally recorded by KinKi Kids and was released on the duo's C Album (1999). A live rendition of "Michi ~Walk With You~" is the final original track on the single. It was originally recorded by Takashi Utsunomiya who released the song as a single in 2003 as well. A studio recording by Yonekura himself appears on the album, Samurai Quality (2007).

The DVD content contains two exclusive performances cut from the DVD release of his concert tour for his last album, Fall Back (2006).

Track list

CD

DVD

Charts

Album - Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

References

2007 singles
2007 songs


Žeje ( or ; ) is a village in the Municipality of Naklo in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links

Žeje on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Naklo


The 2009 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship was held from November 9 to 16, 2008 at the Arniatok Arena in Iqaluit, Nunavut. It was the first national championships of any sport to be held in Nunavut.

Team Manitoba, consisting of Sean Grassie, Allison Nimik, Ross Derksen and Krendra Green won its eighth national mixed title. Two members of the winning team (Grassie and Nimik) represented Canada at the 2009 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, where they won a bronze medal.

Teams
The teams are as follows:

Round-robin standings
Final round-robin standings

Results

Draw 1

Draw 2

Draw 3

Draw 4

Draw 5

Draw 6

Draw 7

Draw 8

Draw 9

Draw 10

Draw 11

Draw 12

Draw 13

Draw 14

Draw 15

Draw 16

Draw 17

Tiebreaker

Playoffs

Semifinal

Final

External links
Event website

References

2008 in Canadian curling
Canadian Mixed Curling Championship
Iqaluit
2008 in Nunavut
Curling in Nunavut
November 2008 sports events in Canada


Astley was a railway station on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway on Chat Moss to the south of Astley village in what was then the county of Lancashire, England.

History

Opened in the 1840s by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the station became part of the Grand Junction Railway on 8 August 1845. The GJR merged to form the London and North Western Railway on 16 July 1846. The LNWR became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway during the grouping of 1923. The station then passed to the London Midland Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948 and was closed by the British Railways Board on 7 May 1956. It was subsequently demolished.

From 1914 to 1970 a triangular junction  east of the station linked the mineral line from Astley Green Colliery north of the Bridgewater Canal to the main line.

The site today

Trains on the now electrified, more northerly of the two Liverpool to Manchester Lines still pass through the station site. The buildings have been demolished and a signal box built since the station's closure occupies part of the site. An electrical switching site is being constructed in the vicinity as part of the Manchester - Liverpool (via Earlestown) section of the NW electrification schemes. The level crossing is locked and unlocked by the signaller, but is operated manually by road users.

References

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links
 The station on a 1948 OS Map via npe maps
 The station on an 1849 OS map via National Library of Scotland
 The line and mileages via railwaycodes

Disused railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1844
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1956
1844 establishments in England
1956 disestablishments in England


Walter B. "Kandor" Kahn (April 9, 1948 – June 15, 2013) was an American DJ and record producer.

Born in Philadelphia, Kahn graduated from Harriton High School in 1966 and earned a degree in radio, television and film from Temple University in 1970. He has lived in Merion Station, Society Hill and Queen Village, Philadelphia, as well as Los Angeles and Clearwater, Florida. Kahn began his music career as a Top 40 radio DJ/announcer and recording engineer. His early music productions include "Loves Me Like A Rock", written by Paul Simon, performed by The Dixie Hummingbirds, and released on ABC Records. In 1974, he was awarded a Grammy for producing that recording. In 1978, he was executive producer of "Hot Shot" by Karen Young, which reached #1 on Billboard Magazine's Top Dance Singles chart. He produced for artists at ABC, Atlantic, CBS, Casablanca, MGM, PolyGram, RCA and Warner Bros.

In 1992, Kahn produced The Movement's single "Jump!", which was released on his L.A.-based Sunshine Records. It reached #1 on the Billboard Top Dance Singles chart and #53 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart. The song also went Top 10 in Australia, where it spent more than six months on the chart. Kahn entered into a deal with Arista Records in New York to distribute the single and the subsequent album, which he also produced. Kahn's music is heard in more than twenty films and TV shows.

In 1995, Kahn produced "I Wish" by rapper Skee-Lo, along with a follow-up album of the same name. Kahn was nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best Rap Album" for I Wish.

Kahn died in his home at Clearwater, Florida in June 2013, of kidney failure.

References

2013 deaths
1948 births
American dance musicians
American record producers
Deaths from kidney failure


Žeje may refer to a number of settlements in Slovenia:

 Žeje, Domžale, a settlement in the Municipality of Domžale central Slovenia
 Žeje, Naklo,  a settlement in the Municipality of Naklo, northwestern Slovenia
 Žeje, Postojna, a settlement in the Municipality of Postojna, southwestern Slovenia
 Žeje pri Komendi, a settlement in the Municipality of Komenda, central Slovenia


The 41st Flying Training Squadron is part of the 14th Flying Training Wing based at Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi.  It operates Beechcraft T-6 Texan II aircraft conducting flight training.

The squadron's mission is to train future Air Force military aviators in Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training Phase 2 in the T-6A. Additionally, the 41st trains several foreign military pilots each year in the T-6, through both Foreign Military Sales program and the international Aviation Leadership Program. To accomplish its mission, the squadron annually flies over 17,200 sorties and 22,000 flight hours. The squadron also qualifies and sustains 80–90 mission-ready T-6 instructor pilots. The "Flying Buzzsaws" are currently commanded by Lt Col Timothy "Bogey" Thoren.

History
The squadron flew antisubmarine patrols off the coast of Washington from 14 December 1941 – 21 January 1942.

Transferred to the Southwest Pacific theater in early 1942, the 41st  converted to the Bell P-39 Airacobra at Sydney, Australia. Scrambled in response to an attack on Sydney Harbour by Japanese submarines, 1/Lt George Cantello died when his P-39 crashed, soon after takeoff.

On 23 July 1942, the squadron commenced frontline combat sorties in New Guinea, including  air patrols, bomber escort, and close air support. It later converted to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt. Combat sorties continued until 14 August 1945.

During the Korean War, the squadron flew air defense sorties over Japan. It had been re-designated the 41st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.  It conducted academic training for pilots and managed the accelerated copilot enrichment training program from, 1990–1991 and has conducted student flight training since 1998.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 41st Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 22 December 1939
 Activated on 1 February 1940
 Redesignated 41st Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942
 Redesignated 41st Fighter Squadron, Single-Engine on 14 February 1944
 Redesignated 41st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 20 January 1950
 Discontinued and inactivated on 8 March 1960
 Redesignated 41st Flying Training Squadron on 1 January 1990
 Activated on 10 January 1990
 Inactivated on 15 May 1991
 Activated on 1 October 1998

Assignments
 31st Pursuit Group, 1 February 1940
 35th Pursuit Group (later 35th Fighter Group, 35th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 15 January 1942 (attached to 6162d Air Base Wing, 1 December 1950 – 25 June 1951)
 327th Air Division, 1 October 1957 – 8 March 1960
 64th Flying Training Wing, 10 January 1990 – 15 May 1991
 14th Operations Group, 1 October 1998 – present

Stations
 Bolling Field, District of Columbia, 1 February 1940
 Selfridge Field, Michigan, 21 October 1940
 Baer Field, Indiana, 6 December 1941
 Paine Field, Washington, c. 15 December 1941 – 21 January 1942
 Archerfield Airport, Australia, 25 February 1942
 Ballarat Airport, Ballarat, Australia, 8 March 1942
 Mount Gambier Airport, Australia, 17 March 1942
 Bankstown Airfield, Australia, 7 April 1942
 Rogers Airfield (30 Mile Drome), Port Moresby, New Guinea, c. 20 July 1942
 Tsili Tsili Airfield, New Guinea, 16 August 1943
 Nadzab Airfield Complex, New Guinea, 22 October 1943
 Gusap Airfield, New Guinea, 15 February 1944
 Nadzab Airfield Complex, New Guinea, 9 June 1944
 Kornasoren Airfield Noemfoor, Schouten Islands, New Guinea, 16 August 1944
 Owi Airfield, Schouten Islands, Netherlands East Indies, 17 September 1944
 Wama Airfield, Morotai, Netherlands East Indies, 17 October 1944
 Mangaldan Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, 21 January 1945
 Lingayen Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, 16 April 1945
 Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 20 April 1945
 Yontan Airfield, Okinawa, 30 June 1945
 Irumagawa Air Base, Japan, 10 October 1945
 Yokota Air Base, Japan, c. 25 March 1950
 Johnson Air Base, Japan, 14 August 1950
 Detachments operated from Misawa Air Base, Japan 6 September 1950 – August 1951 and Niigata Air Base, Japan c. 25 May 1951 – 31 October 1954
 Yokota Air Base, Japan, 13 August 1954
 Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, c. 5 August 1956 – 8 March 1960
 Reese Air Force Base, Texas, 10 January 1990 – 15 May 1991
 Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi, 1 October 1998 – present

Aircraft operated

 Seversky P-35 Guardsman (1940–1941)
 Bell P-39 Airacobra (1941–1943)
 Bell P-400 (1942–1944)
 Lockheed P-38 Lightning (1943)
 Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (1944–1945)
 North American P-51 Mustang (1945–1950)
 Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star (1950–1953)
 North American F-86D Sabre (1953–1960)
 Northrop T-38 Talon (1990–1991)
 Cessna T-37 Tweet (1998–2008)
 Beechcraft T-6 Texan II (2006–present)

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Military units and formations in Mississippi
0041


Children's Regional Planning Committees were established in England and Wales by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Security in 1970 under Section 35 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969. They comprised one elected representative from each county and county borough council in the area which they covered and were funded by those same councils. There were eleven committees throughout England (North, Yorkshire and Humberside, North Western, West Midlands, East Midlands, East Anglia, Home Counties, London Boroughs, South East, Wessex, and South West) and one for Wales.

The task of these committees was to prepare development plans for a system of community children's homes in their area and to prepare schemes of "intermediate treatment" (i.e. an intermediate step to be taken before removing a child who was in trouble or at risk into care).

References
North (No.1 Area) Children's Regional Planning Committee, Report on the Initial Planning Stage, August 1971

History of local government in England
Local government in Wales
Child care
Juvenile law
1970 establishments in England
1970 establishments in Wales
Children's rights in England
Children's rights in Wales


Michael John Burns (born 4 October 1988) is an English footballer. He played in the English Football League for Carlisle United and as a youth player was twice a winner of the FA Youth Cup with Liverpool.

Club career

Early career
He was previously a player with Liverpool winning the FA Youth Cup twice in 2006 and 2007. He later joined Bolton Wanderers in the summer of 2007, having been signed by Sammy Lee. He made regular appearances for the reserves whilst at Bolton's academy.

Carlisle United
He went on trial to Gillingham in the summer of 2008 before going on trial with Carlisle United. In January 2009 he joined Carlisle, signing an eighteen-month contract. He then made his Carlisle debut on 10 February 2009 in the Football League One clash with Walsall.

On 21 January 2010 he joined Stafford Rangers on loan for a month, which was then extended for a second month. He appeared in all 11 games for the club during his loan period.

Newport County
In January 2011 Burns joined Newport County.

Guiseley
In June 2011 he joined Guiseley.

Vauxhall Motors
In June 2012 he joined Vauxhall Motors.

Return to Guiseley
In August 2013 he returned to Guiseley but left the club just two weeks later.

Gap Connah's Quay
In January 2014 he signed for Welsh Premier League team Gap Connah's Quay.

Widnes
After time out of football, in July 2017 he joined Widnes.

In 2019 he joined Parklands FC.

Family life

Micheal married 33 year old Hannah Burns and has three children, Riley Micheal Burns, Maisy Olivia Burns, and Esmae Lilly Burns.

International career
Burns represented England schoolboy and at Under-16 levels. He scored on his Under-16 debut in a 4-2 victory over Wales.

Honours
Liverpool
FA Youth Cup: Winner 2007
FA Youth Cup: Winner 2006

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Huyton
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Carlisle United F.C. players
Stafford Rangers F.C. players
English Football League players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Vauxhall Motors F.C. players
Guiseley A.F.C. players
Cymru Premier players
Connah's Quay Nomads F.C. players
Widnes F.C. players


The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The clausilium is one part of the clausilial apparatus.

The presence of a clausilium is the reason for the common name "door snails", because all the snails in this family have a roughly spoon-shaped "door" or clausilium, which can slide down to close the aperture of the shell. However, this structure is emphatically not the same thing as an operculum, which is virtually non-existent in pulmonate snails, only occurring in the Amphibolidae.

The exact shape of the clausilium varies from genus to genus: it can be tongue-shaped, spoon-shaped or spatula-shaped. The wide flat end of the clausilium can close the aperture of the snail shell, and thus protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in a groove, which is formed by spiral folds on the inside of the shell around the columella. Because the groove is long, and the muscles that control the clausilium are also long, the whole structure can be retracted into the shell. The mechanism is totally different, but the clausilium is vaguely reminiscent of an automated garage door opener.

Gallery

References

 Iľja Michajlovič Licharev: Klauziliidy (Clausiliidae). Fauna SSSR. Molljuski. Vol. 3, Fasc. 4., 320 pp., Izdat. Akad. n)

Gastropod anatomy
Clausiliidae


The Sofia Urban Mobility Center (SUMC) () is the transit authority responsible for public transport in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is one of the municipal companies controlled by Stolichna Municipality.

SUMC operates an extensive bus system, 15 tram lines, a trolleybus system and a metro system.

History
SUMC was created through the merger of the companies "Stolichna kompaniya za gradni transport - Sofia" EOOD and "Parkings and garages" EAD at the beginning of 2009. It deals with:
 the organization and control over the activity of public transport in Sofia, including bus, trolleybus, tram transport and metro;
 control of transport in the city;
 construction and operation of parking spaces in the capital, etc.

Transport
The public transport in Sofia consists of a comprehensive network of bus, trolleybus, tram and metro lines. It is overseen by the Sofia Urban Mobility Center, a municipal enterprise responsible for route planning, scheduling, fare collection and ticket inspection. It also pays the various transport operators for their service on a per-kilometer basis. Sofia is the only city in Bulgaria that operates the four modes of public transport.

As of 2023, public transport in Sofia is operated by 3 municipal and 1 private company:
 Sofia Public Bus Transport Company JSC () operates the majority of bus services
 Sofia Public Electrical Transport Company JSC () operates the tram and trolleybus networks
 Metropoliten JSC () operates the Sofia Metro
 Private company MTK Group operate some, mainly suburban, bus services

Buses

The public bus transport in Sofia developed relatively late compared to the other types of transport in the city. The first operational line was opened on 20 April 1935. Soon after that six more lines were opened, bringing the total network length to 23 km.

During the communist era, the bus fleet consisted mainly of Ikarus and Bulgarian-made Chavdar buses. After the political changes in 1989, however, the fleet has gradually been modernised.

Today the system presently comprises 98 routes with 2,380 km system length.

Trolleybuses

Trolleybus transport was the last form of surface public transport to develop in Sofia, after buses and trams. The first Sofia trolleybus line opened on 8 February 1941. It was over  long, and connected the city with the Gorna Banya quarter. The line was covered by 2 MAN trolleybuses, which were stored on the last stops during the night, due to the lack of depot.

In the 1950s and 1960s, massive development of the trolleybus transport in Sofia began. At that time, the construction of new trolleybus routes proceeded especially rapidly, and two depots ("Stochna Gara" and "Nadezhda") were opened, with a total capacity of 160 trolleybuses. In 1951, the first Bulgarian made trolleybuses entered service.

In 1987, a new depot, "Iskar", was opened with a capacity of 130 trolleybuses. Levski depot was opened in 1994 with capacity of 60 trolleybuses. As of 2021 three depots are in operation: Nadezhda, Iskar and Levski. The latter also serves as a storage and overhaul facility.

Today the system presently comprises 10 routes with 193 km route length.

Trams

Trams began operation on January 1, 1901. As of 2006, the tram system included approximately  of narrow and standard gauge one-way track. Most of the track is a narrow gauge (), with standard gauge () used on lines 20, 22 and 23 and accounting for approximately  of the system's track length.

The average speed of trams in Sofia as of 2020 is 14 km/h.

For comparison (2010), the subway in Sofia moves at 38.84 km/h, and the buses – at 19.4 km/h.

Today the system presently comprises 15 routes with 308 km track length.

Metro

The Sofia Metro is the only metro in Bulgaria. It began operation on 28 January 1998. , the Sofia Metro consists of four interconnected lines, serving 47 stations, with a total route length of  and also being among the top 20 of the most extensive European metro systems, ranking 19th as of 2020. The Metro links the densely populated districts of Lyulin – Mladost (M1 line – Red) and Nadezhda – Lozenets (M2 line – Blue), and serves the Sofia Airport.

Today the system has 4 lines with 52 km system length.

See also

 Sofia Metro
 Transport in Bulgaria
 List of metro systems
 List of tram and light rail transit systems

References

External links
 Sofia Urban Mobility Centre official website (in English)

Transport in Sofia


The women's K-4 500 metres event was a fours kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 2000 Summer Olympics program.

Medalists

Results

Heats
10 crews entered in two heats. The top three finishers from each of the heats advanced directly to the finals while the remaining teams were relegated to the semifinal.

Overall Results Heats

Semifinal
The top three finishers in the semifinal advanced to the final.

Final

Fischer became the first woman in any sport to win Olympic gold medals 20 years apart with this event and the first woman to win gold medals in five different Olympics in any sport. Kőbán's silver medal brought her career total to six: 2 gold, 3 silver, and 1 bronze.

References
2000 Summer Olympics Canoe flatwater results.
Sports-reference.com women's 2000 K-4 500 m results.
Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Canoeing: Women's Kayak Fours 500 Meters". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 495.

Women's K-4 500
Olympic
Women's events at the 2000 Summer Olympics


Wallace "Wally" Perry Wolf Jr. (October 2, 1930 – March 12, 1997) was an American attorney, bank director, competition swimmer, water polo player, and Olympic champion.  He competed in the 1948, 1952, 1956, and 1960 Summer Olympics.

Personal

Wolf was born in Los Angeles, California, and was Jewish.  He was the son of famous vaudeville music director Rube Wolf Sr. and Fanchonnette Sunny (Rutherford) Wolf.
One of the early teams he swam for was the Rube Wolf Swim Club of Los Angeles.  He married Carolyn Wyatt and had three children - Wallace Scott, John, and Lori, and the family lived in Manhattan Beach, California.  After completing his swimming career he attended USC Law School and became a successful Los Angeles attorney, often to the entertainment industry. He had been a co-founder of Los Padres Savings Bank and had served in various capacities including Corporate Director since 1984.

A Californian most of his life, he died on March 12, 1997 in Santa Yanez, California with memorial services held at St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Los Osos. In a suspected mishap, his body was found at the bottom of a bridge at San Marcos Pass being retrofitted for an earthquake.  He was 66.

Athletic career
Wolf excelled at several strokes and events. At Beverly Hills High School (class of 1947), at a race distance which has long since been discontinued, he won the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) 220y-freestyle championship three years in a row, 1945-47 (with times of 2:32.2, 2:23.7, and 2:19.1), the individual medley - 75 yards two years in a row, 1946-47 (with times of 45.7 and 44.4), and was the CIF record holder in 220y-freestyle and individual medley.

Setting 1948 Gold medal 4X200 Olympic relay record of 8:48
With the pinnacle of his athletic career coming at only 17, he represented the United States at the 1948 Olympics in London, taking a gold medal while impressively setting a world record total relay time of 8:46 in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay .  Wolf told the press winning the gold medal was "the biggest thrill of my life", and "the toughest competition I was ever in." Around July of 1948, prior to the Olympics, at the 1948 US Olympic trials 4x200-meter freestyle relay held in Detroit, several swimmers who had already qualified in other events slowed down in their heats or swam fast in the prelims and scratched themselves for the final to allow more swimmers to qualify for the US Olympic Team.  The final four were not officially selected until the Olympic trails in London. Significantly, he was the top qualifier in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay trials final with a time of 2:14 flat.

Apparently the 4x200 relay team had considerable depth that year.  Coach Robert Kiphuth held a time trial shortly after the actual Olympic trials with 11 of the swimmers, which had Jimmy McLane as first overall with a time of 2:11.0, Bill Smith and Wally Wolf in 2:11.2, and Wally Ris in 2:12.4.  This quartet was used for the Olympic final and won the gold medal.  The next four-Eugene Rogers in 2:14.2, Edwin Gilbert in 2:15.4, Robert Gibe in 2:15.6, and William Dudley in 2:15.9, were used in the Olympic prelims. The next three swimmers-Joe Verdeur who came in 2:16.3, Alan Ford in 2:16.4 and George Hoogerhyde in 2:17.4 were not used in the 4x200 freestyle relay.

1952 4x200 Olympic relay team
Four years later at the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, Wolf once again was the top qualifier in the 4x200-meter freestyle relay at the US Olympic trials.  Like the trials in 1948, several top swimmers who had qualified for other events-Ford Konno, Clarke Scholes, William Woolsey, Wayne Moore and Jimmy McLane swam under their potential in the trials and failed to qualify for the final.  Coach Matt Mann used four of the swimmers who actually qualified in the trials for the Olympic prelim. He swam a second heat leg setting a new Olympic record of 2:11.4.  For the final, Mann used Konno, Woolsey, Moore, and McLane who won the gold medal.  Wolf helped the U.S. relay team to qualify for the final of the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay, but, under the international swimming rule of the time, he was not awarded with a medal because he did not swim in the event final.

Wolf attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he swam for the USC Trojans swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition and was a four-time All American.  He graduated from USC with a bachelor's degree in 1951, and later returned to USC Law School to earn a law degree in 1957.

1956, 1960 Summer olympics in Water Polo
Wolf was a member of the U.S. men's team that finished fifth in the 1956 water polo tournament in Melbourne, Australia, playing in five matches.  Four years later at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, he finished seventh with the U.S. men's water polo team in the 1960 tournament.  He played all seven matches and scored five goals. He was named to the 1964 Olympics US water polo team, but did not accept the appointment.

Honors
In 1976, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame., in 2008 the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, and in 2009, the USC Athletic Hall of Fame.He was inducted into the Beverly Hills High Athletes Hall of Fame in 2011, and the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2014.  In Water Polo, he was a 1960 AAU All American Selection, and in 1951-2, an All PAC 8 selection while a student the University of Southern California.

See also
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 List of University of Southern California people
 World record progression 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay
 List of select Jewish swimmers

References

External links

1930 births
1997 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
American male water polo players
World record setters in swimming
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Olympic water polo players for the United States
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Swimmers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
USC Trojans men's swimmers
Water polo players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame inductees
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish swimmers
Swimmers from Los Angeles
California lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American Jews


The Winder musket was a .22-caliber training rifle used by the US Army in the early 20th century.

History

The Winder musket was the brainchild of Colonel C. B. Winder, who advocated marksmanship training with a rifle of similar size and weight to a service rifle but chambered in .22 rimfire, which was both economical and suitable for indoor ranges. The Winder musket was based on the Winchester Model 1885 single-shot rifle.

Although it was never officially referred to as the Winder musket, the weapon was informally named in honor of Colonel C. B. Winder and has since generally been referred to as the Winder musket.

Winder muskets were used for target and training purposes well into the early twentieth century. Many were purchased by the United States Ordnance, and many were issued to American N.R.A. affiliated rifle clubs. The Winder musket was superseded by the 1922 Model bolt-action training rifle, and remaining Winder muskets were sold.

Design and Features

The action for the Winder musket was originally developed by John Browning. Winchester bought the patent and manufacturing rights from Browning in 1883.

The Winder musket featured a full stock and was chambered for .22 Short or .22 Long Rifle. It had a 28-inch barrel and an overall weight of 8.5 lbs.

Variants

The Winder musket was produced a "high wall" version and a "low wall" version, with the name referring to the height of the side walls of the action alongside the falling block and the hammer. There were two major high wall variants and one low wall variant.

The Winder musket was also produced in both military and civilian versions.

References
 "The History of Winchester Firearms 1866-1992" By Thomas Henshaw
 "Standard Catalog of Winchester Firearms" By Joseph Madden Cornell, Paul Goodwin

Rifles of the United States


Gomphus pulchellus, the western clubtail,  is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found in Western Europe, although absent in the British isles. Its natural habitat are clean ponds and canals, clay and mud holes.

The species is 47–50 mm long. It is the only Gomphidae that lacks the "club-shaped" abdomen, in spite of its name.
As an adult, it is mainly pale olive-green with blue eyes.

It emerges early in spring, can be seen as soon as the end of March in the South of France and flies until August depending on the location.

References

External links
Libellennet

Gomphidae
Dragonflies of Europe
Insects described in 1840


Gomphus flavipes, the river clubtail or yellow-legged dragonfly, is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is found in Europe. Its natural habitat are rivers and large streams. The dragonfly flies from June to September depending on the location.

Geographical distribution
Gomphus flavipes is a European species. It has the biggest geographical range among the European Gomphid species, occurring from France to eastern Siberia. The species has a very patchy occurrence in Central Europe and has become rare in Western Europe. The southernmost occurrence is known from Greece. In Southern Europe G. flavipes is replaced by other Gomphid species. However, the exact geographical range of the species is still unclear.

Habitat
Gomphus flavipes lives along the middle and lower reaches of slow flowing medium-sized and big rivers The species prefers riverbed with mud, clay, loam or fine sand as soil, since larvae develop buried in the soil, but avoids areas with decomposition of organic matter and oxygen-poor stagnant water. Reaches with high drift and coarse substrate are also avoided, however, occasionally G. flavipes can be found in bigger lakes with high oxygen content.

Morphology
As a medium-sized dragonfly G. flavipes is 50–55 mm long and with an average wingspan of 70–80 mm. The eyes are widely separated, this is a typical genus-specific feature, males have blue while females have green eyes. Both sexes have predominantly yellow legs and the males has thin angled appendages, while his 10th segment is entirely black dorsally.

Behaviour and life cycle
Gomphus flavipes, as all dragonflies, are predators; they capture smaller insect in flight. Imagos are rarely seen, the easiest way to observe them is in the mating period or during the emergence of young adults. Mating usually takes place in June or July. During the day adult males search for females, far from the riverbank, in low altitude above the waterfront. If they successfully catch a female copulation takes place in the shelter of water edge willows. After fertilization females fly 20–30 cm above the water and lay eggs (one at a time or in a small packets) into the water.

Larval development
The larvae develop for three years buried in the fine soil of the riverbed. As imagos, they are predators too, their diet consisting of small invertebrates which they capture with they specialized labium called the mask.
The emergence of the larvae starts mostly at end of May or June, but it depends highly on location and other environmental circumstances (e.g. a rainy period could delay the start of emergence).
The emergence in G. flavipes is often highly synchronised and it is therefore referred as a ’summer species’, in Odonatology EM50 values are used to describe the emergence pattern (extent of synchronization). The patterns often have two peaks in G. flavipes due to the phenomenon called ’cohort splitting’.
Larvae of G. flavipes, unlike other Anisoptera larvae, often choose riverbank soil as an emergence substrate, however the type of substrate depends on location and characteristics of the riverbank, probably the larvae have no substrate specific attachment.

Threat factors
Gomphus flavipes has become an endangered species in most Western European countries due to water pollution and river regulation. The species is listed in the Annex IV of Habitats Directive.

References

External links

Gomphidae
Dragonflies of Europe
Odonata of Asia
Insects described in 1825
Taxa named by Toussaint de Charpentier


Regency Square Mall may refer to:

Regency Square Mall (Jacksonville, Florida)
Florence Mall, Florence, Alabama, formerly known as Regency Square Mall
Regency Mall (Richmond, Virginia), formerly known as Regency Square


The Battle of Seedaseer was a battle of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War on 6 March 1799 at Seedaseer (near present-day Siddapura, Karnataka), a hill and pass on the border of the Coorg and Mysore country seven miles from Piriyapatna and with a view almost as far as Seringapatam.

Battle
Lieutenant-General James Stuart and the Bombay Army of 6,500 under his command advanced from Cannanore, aiming to cross the Western Ghats and converge at Seringapatam with the larger Madras Army advancing from the east.  He then took up a defensive position on the Anglo-Mysore frontier to await further orders from General Harris, placing his right brigade in an advanced position at Seedaseer on 2 March so as to better receive Harris's orders. This was under Lieutenant-Colonel Montressor and was made up of what are now the 1st and 2nd Maratha Light Infantry battalions and the now-defunct 1st Bombay Pioneers. He kept his other 2 brigades, the main body of his force, at Siddapura and Ahmootenaar 8 to 12 miles from Seedaseer.

Receiving news of a possible Mysorean march Stuart reinforced the advanced position with one more battalion of sepoys.  This advance was Tipu's main force moving to destroy the Bombay Army (whilst a small Mysorean force held off the Madras Army), and reached Seedaseer at 9am on 6 March 1799.  Stuart led the Left Brigade there as reinforcements by 2pm, forcing Tipu to withdraw.

The place where this battle took place was in the jagir of Nawab Subhan Khan, father of Nawab Qutub Ali Khan. This place was taken over by Government of India after Police action in 1948.

Estimation
The Governor-General wrote in his despatches to the British East India Company's directors "I am confident that your most honourable Court will be of the opinion that the conduct and success of the Army of Bombay on that day [at Seedaseer] has seldom been equalled and never surpassed.", and the battle's anniversary has been celebrated annually ever since as "Seedaseer Day" with regimental sports and, in the case of the 2nd Battalion, with a pageant of episodes during the battle in replicas of the 1799 uniforms.

References

External links

http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/indianinfantry/103rdmahratta.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20081013133631/http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/letter.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20081120194931/http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/seringapatam/other/stuart1799.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20110726145613/http://www.burmastar.org.uk/mli_chapter_9.htm

Seedaseer
History of Karnataka
Seedaseer
Seedaseer
1799 in India


Mijar  is a village in the Manglore taluk in the city of Mangaluru of Dakshina Kannada district of  the Indian state of Karnataka. Tenkamijaru Grama Panchayat which is 30 km from Mangalore, 12 km from the famous pilgrimage site Jain Kashi. The Grama Panchayat Contains 2 Revenue Villages, cultivation as the main source of income, the level of education and the quality of life of the people are in general. Gram Panchayat consists of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes and Others.Hindu Muslim Christian, Jains lead lives in harmony.

The village has a total of 7 wards and has 19 members, Anganwadi Primary School, High School and PU College are located in the Gram Panchayat area. Includes 2 Engineering Colleges and MBA Courses. Ayurvedic herbal preparation parmesis, operating cashew factory, are useful in improving the quality of life of people.The Panchayath  has its own fixed and variable assets and is always responsive to people's problems

There are mosques and temples  in the Panchayath area, The temple of Lord Vishnu and Somanatheshwara
 the village headman The Dargah of Muslims in Thodar is religiously famous, People are living in communion with social politics and religion.

Economy
Traditionally women rolled beedies as a source of income.

Location
Mijar is on National Highway 169 (old NH 13). It is accessible from Mangalore city (30 km away) by road. Mangalore International Airport is 20 km away from MIjar

It is 60 km from Udupi and 20 km from Karkala. Other nearby places are Venur (25 km), Belthangady (40 km), Kudremukh (70 km), Agumbe (75 km), Puttur (60km) Siddakatte (15 km) and Moodbidri (5 km)

Education
The Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering is located close to Mijar.

Alvas Institute of Engineering and Technology is also located in Mijar

Religion
Numerous temples are in Mijar, including Sri Vishnumoorthi Temple Mijar, Sri Somanatheshwara Temple in Kambettu, Sri Bhoothanatheshwara Temple in Shashthavu, Sri Gopalakrishna Temple in Baithari and Sri Mariyamma Temple in Daddi.

Geography
The Nandini River originates from Kanakabettu in Mijar and flows westwards, encircling Sri Kateel Durgaparameshwari Temple.

References

Villages in Dakshina Kannada district


Sidney McLarty Willhelm (October 5, 1934 – September 30, 2018) was an American sociologist, who authored several books on race and urban affairs,  and many online articles containing analyses of current events often in a historical context.

Early life
He was born in Galveston, Texas. He was the son of Ernest Virgil (an accountant) and Edythe (Harbour) Willhelm. He earned a B.A. and M.A. from the University of Texas in 1957. He went on to earn a PhD from the same institution in 1961.

Academic career
He  was an assistant professor of sociology at San Francisco State University (at the time called San Francisco State College) from 1960 to 1962. He was an assistant professor at The State University of New York at Buffalo from 1962 to 1965; in 1965 he became an associate professor; and retired at the rank of professor in 1990. Willhelm was a visiting associate professor of sociology at McGill University in 1970, and during the summer of 1971 he served as visiting professor at the University of British Columbia.

In 1963 Willhelm introduced a course, "Automation and Society," which examined many of the social transformations which the computer would bring forth, a recurrent theme which is presented in many of his writings.

His book Who Needs the Negro? was printed in 1970. It was reviewed in a number of academic journals, including American Journal of Sociology, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, and Contemporary Sociology.

Other books he wrote include Urban Zoning and Land-Use Theory (1962) (reviewed in American Sociological Review) and  Social Forces; Black and White in America (1983); and America's Economic Elite: A critical review of Andrew Hacker's Two Nations (1994). Willhelm also wrote an article titled, "Black Man, Red Man and White America: The Constitutional Approach to Genocide" (Catalyst, Spring 1969 No.4 pp. 1–62) and composed the online essay, "Understanding the New Imperial Empire: Will America's Past Become America's Future?" (2002).

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
People from Galveston, Texas
American sociologists


Regency Mall is an enclosed shopping mall outside of Richmond, Virginia in unincorporated Henrico County, Virginia, United States. Opened in 1975 as Regency Square, the mall features a food court and more than 60 tenants, currently with no anchors. Macy's, which had two locations at Regency Square, closed in spring 2016, Sears closed in summer 2017, and JCPenney closed in fall 2020. Forever 21 closed in early 2020 as part of that brand's restructuring plan.

History
Regency Square opened in 1975. It was developed by Leonard Farber of Pompano Beach, FL  in conjunction with local developer E. Carlton Wilton.

At the mall's opening, anchor stores included JCPenney, Sears, Miller & Rhoads and Thalhimer's. Besides the addition of a food court in 1987, the mall remained largely unchanged. After Miller & Rhoads closed in 1990, Hecht's bought the location, along with three other former Miller & Rhoads stores in Virginia, and converted it to a Hecht's. Two years later, the Thalhimer's chain was also acquired by Hecht's, and as a result, the Thalhimer's became a second Hecht's location.

In 1991, Wilton sold the mall to Prudential. Taubman Centers then acquired the Regency Square mall in 1997. A children's play place was added in 2003.

In January 2012, Taubman returned the mall to its mortgage lender to avoid foreclosure on the property. The lender hired Jones Lang LaSalle for management of the property.

In February 2015, Thalhimer Realty Partners and The Rebkee Company, both local companies, bought Regency for 13.1 million. The new owners plan to revitalize the mall while keeping it focused on retail.

In 2016, Macy's closed both of its stores at Regency Square as part of a nationwide closing of 40 stores.

In September 2017, Sears closed its store at Regency Square as part of a nationwide closing of 16 stores. This left JCPenney as the mall's only original anchor.

The same month, an overpass over one of the mall's entrances was demolished, starting work on a 30 million dollar renovation of the mall. It will remove the parking deck on the second story of the mall, making its parking space completely level. Regal Entertainment Group will move into the former Macy's spaces as well.

In September 2019, Forever 21 announced that it would be closing its two-level store at Regency Square after filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

In early 2020, the abandoned Sears store was demolished for construction of a new 320-unit apartment complex.

On August 20, 2020, it was announced that JCPenney would close in November 2020 as part of a plan to close 155 stores nationwide, leaving the mall with no anchors. The structure was purchased from JCPenney by the owners of the mall for $3 million for redevelopment.

On October 10, 2020, Surge Trampoline Park opened in the top floor of the former Macy's North building.

Competition with other malls
Regency Square faced additional retail competition in 2003, when two other malls opened nearby: Short Pump Town Center and Stony Point Fashion Park, the latter also a Taubman property.

References

External links
Official website

Buildings and structures in Henrico County, Virginia
Shopping malls established in 1975
Shopping malls in Richmond, Virginia
Taubman Centers
Tourist attractions in Henrico County, Virginia
1975 establishments in Virginia


Polly Courtney is an English author and media commentator. She is best known as the author of the novels Golden Handcuffs and Poles Apart.

Background
In her early years, Courtney was a straight-A student who spent her free time playing a multitude of sports and playing violin with various orchestras and string quartets. She grew up in London. Courtney graduated from the University of Cambridge with a first-class degree in mechanical engineering, and worked in investment banking for two years before resigning to spend time writing her first novel based on her experiences in the City. In an interview, she claimed this was due to the strenuous hours and pressures synonymous with the banking culture.

Fiction

Courtney has written a number of novels. Her early novels, Golden Handcuffs and Poles Apart, were self-published, based on her experiences as an investment banker and the story of a Polish migrant acquaintance. Her publishing success earned her a three-book publishing deal with HarperCollins imprint, Avon. At the release of It's a Man's World in 2011, Courtney announced plans to return to self-publishing because she did not agree with the chick lit marketing approach used by HarperCollins. On returning to self-publishing, Courtney said in an interview that she was pleased to have regained control. Feral Youth (2013) is based on Courtney's experiences of the London riots and her concerns that more unrest would be only a matter of time.

Bibliography

Golden Handcuffs (2007)
Poles Apart (2008)
The Day I Died (2009)
Defying Gravity (2010)
The Fame Factor (2010)
It's a Man's World (2011)
Feral Youth (2013)

Non-fiction

Courtney has written commentary pieces on city culture, women in the workplace, Polish migrants, lads' mags, sexism in publishing and youth discontentment for The Observer, The Guardian, The Independent, The Sunday Times, The Evening Standard, Female First, Grazia and Huffington Post.

References

External links
 Courtney's Official Website

English women novelists
British chick lit writers
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Living people
1979 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Writers from London


Žeje ( or , ) is a village in the Municipality of Domžale in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

References

External links

Žeje on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Domžale


NOU or Nou may refer to:

Education
 Nalanda Open University, Patna, Bihar, India
 National Open University, Taiwan
 North Orissa University, Baripada, Orissa, India

Places
 Camp Nou, a football stadium in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
 La Tontouta International Airport, Nouméa, New Caledonia (IATA airport code: NOU)
 Nou, Iran, a village in Gilan Province, Iran
 Nō, Niigata, a former town in Japan
 Nō Station, Itoigawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
 Nou, Sibiu, a village in Roșia, Sibiu, Romania
 Nou Român, a village in Arpașu de Jos, Sibiu, Romania
 Nou Săsesc, a village in Laslea, Sibiu, Romania

Other uses
 Noh, a major form of classical Japanese musical drama
 Norwegian Official Report ()
 Enn Nõu (born 1933), Estonian writer
 Ewage language (ISO 639: nou), spoken in Papua New Guinea

See also
 NOH (disambiguation)
 Nô (disambiguation)


Hollands Landing is a village in central Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, in the Shire of Wellington.

Hollands Landing is situated at the western end of Lake Victoria on McLennan Strait where it joins Morley Swamp and Lake Wellington in the Gippsland Lakes. It is most popular for fishing and boating, and is suitable for camping, with two nearby caravan parks.

It has a permanent population of 15.

References

Towns in Victoria (state)
Shire of Wellington


Cuauhtémoc is a town in the Mexican state of Colima. It serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of  Cuauhtémoc. In the 2005 INEGI Census, it reported a total population of 7,513

The name honours the last tlatoani of the Aztec people, Cuauhtemoc.

In 2013 the municipality became the first in Colima to perform a same-sex marriage.

Geography

Climate

References

Populated places in Colima


The National Liberal Party (, PNL) is a political party in the Republic of Moldova. It was founded in 1993 but temporarily disappeared through political amalgamation in 2000 before being refounded in 2006.

Political agenda

The party supports the unification of the Republic of Moldova with Romania and shares copies the identity and ideology of the traditional party in neighbouring Romania. Nonetheless, very much unlike the Romanian PNL (which is dominant on the centre-right as well as Romania's second largest political party), the Moldovan PNL might actually be considered a micro party with respect to Moldovan politics. In addition to support for political union with Romania, as an interim measure, the PNL supports EU and NATO membership for Moldova. In early 2020, the PNL became one of the founding members of Mișcarea Politică Unirea (MPU), a political party established purposely for the unification of Romania and Moldova.

Electoral history

Notes:

1

2

3

See also

 Liberalism in Moldova
 Liberalism and radicalism in Romania
 National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)
 Liberal parties by country

References

 PNL leaflet - 1
 PNL leaflet - 1

External links
Official website

Political parties established in 1993
Political parties established in 2006
Liberal parties in Moldova
1993 establishments in Moldova
Romanian nationalism in Moldova


Martin Randall Travel is a cultural tour operator in Britain. It specialises in tours for small groups and classical music festivals.

History
Martin Randall Travel was founded by a former art history student in 1988. Its primary focus is the organisation of tours for small groups, led by a lecturer who is an expert in their field. In 1994, the company expanded into producing music festivals to complement their small group tours. The company has four festivals confirmed for 2024 including the Salzburg String Quartet Festival, Mozart Along the Danube, The Divine Office: Choral Music in Oxford, and Opera in Sicily. As of 2023, their programme contains two hundred tours and events in more than forty different countries.

Critical acclaim
Martin Randall Travel focuses on a small clientele and has received favourable reviews. Ian Irvine in The Independent said, "All three... highlights from my life as a cultural tourist were part of the remarkable series of music festivals run by Martin Randall." Christine Headley praised Martin Randall Travel's handling of money – covering most costs and distributing local currency - on the festival she attended. Kenneth Asch wrote in the Travellers' Handbook, "Of all the travel services I have researched, Martin Randall Travel is perhaps the most comprehensive, culturally speaking."

Martin Randall Travel won the British Travel Awards: Best Special Interest Holiday Company (Small) award in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 & 2019.

Directors
 Martin Randall, founder
 Vernon Ellis
 Neil Taylor
 Fiona Charrington

References

External links

Travel and holiday companies of the United Kingdom


Žeje ( or ; ) is a village in the Municipality of Postojna in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

Church

The local church on the southern outskirts of the village is dedicated to Saint George.

References

External links

Žeje on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Postojna


Pecota may refer to:

PECOTA (Player Empirical Comparison and Optimization Test Algorithm), a statistical method for baseball analysis
Bill Pecota


Ixtlahuacán is a city and seat of the municipality of Ixtlahuacán, in the Mexican state of Colima.

References

Populated places in Colima

de:Municipio Ixtlahuacán


Žeje pri Komendi ( or ; ) is a village in the Municipality of Komenda in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Žeje to Žeje pri Komendi in 1955. The name was first attested in written sources in 1322 as Seyach (and as Seach in 1348). The name is derived from the plural demonym *Žežane, from the verb *žeťi 'to burn'. The change *Žež- > *Žej- is a result of dissimilation. The name refers to people living on burned-over ground. A second possibility is that the name may be derived from some unknown noun related to Slovene žeja 'thirst', referring to an intermittent spring or dry soil. The settlement was known as Scheje in German in the past.

History
Roman-era brick has been found near the village, testifying to its settlement in antiquity. A village band was established in Žeje pri Komendi in the mid-18th century, conducted by the composer Jakob Frančišek Zupan (1734–1810). A water main was installed in 1961.

Mass graves

Žeje pri Komendi is the site of two known mass graves from the period immediately after the Second World War. The graves contain the remains of 10 to 15 prisoners from Kamnik that were murdered in May and June 1945. Their nationality and whether they were soldiers or civilians is unknown. The Kuhar Woods Mass Grave () is located near a path on the edge of a woods north of the main settlement. The Smovc Mass Grave () is located southwest of the main settlement.

References

External links

Žeje pri Komendi on Geopedia

Populated places in the Municipality of Komenda


Guttorm Schjelderup (born 15 January 1961) is a Norwegian economist.

He graduated as siv.øk. in 1985 and cand.oecon. in 1987 from the Norwegian School of Economics. He took the doctor's degree in 1992 with the thesis Five Essays on Tax Policy in an Open Economy. He became associate professor at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in 1993, and was promoted to professor in 2000. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Cambridge University and the University of Colorado at Boulder, and has refereed articles in several publications, including The American Economic Review.

He was a member of the Norwegian property tax committee which proposed that all land was eligible for property taxation and that local municipalities should be allowed to set their own local property taxes within limits.

He has been a member of several public committees, chairing the Shipping Tax Committee that delivered the report NOU 2006: 4. and also chairing the government committee on tax havens and development (NOU 2009: 19).

References

1961 births
Living people
Norwegian economists
Norwegian School of Economics alumni
Academic staff of the Norwegian School of Economics


Marco Kurz (born 16 May 1969) is a German football manager and former player who played as a defender. He last managed Australian side Melbourne Victory.

Playing career

Kurz, who played as a defender, started playing football at SV Sillenbuch, a small club in his native Stuttgart, and then for VfL Sindelfingen. At age 20, he had his breakthrough into professional football, when he signed a contract for his local Bundesliga side VfB Stuttgart in the summer of 1989. After one year, where he—with the exception of one cap—only played for VfB's second team, he was transferred to 1. FC Nürnberg in 1990; there he was more successful, earning 108 caps in four seasons. When the team was relegated to the 2. Bundesliga after the 1993–94 season, Kurz took up an offer by Borussia Dortmund. Dortmund won the title of German champion in the following season, with Kurz playing four times.

At rival club Schalke 04, where Kurz subsequently played from 1995 to 1998, he earned 58 caps. With Schalke he won his biggest title, the 1996–97 UEFA Cup, under coach Huub Stevens. In 1998, he transferred to the south of Germany again, joining TSV 1860 Munich. He played 128 times for 1860 Munich until 2004, when the club was relegated to the 2. Bundesliga.

2004–05 was Kurz's last season as a player. He spent it at SC Pfullendorf, a Regionalliga Süd (then third division) team (11 caps). Shortly after joining Pfullendorf, he was promoted to player-coach; in 2005, he retired as a player, but stayed at Pfullendorf as head coach.

Managerial career

After managing SC Pfullendorf, Kurz returned to 1860 Munich as a manager for the second team (Regionalliga Süd). In March 2007, he was promoted to head coach of the first team. 1860 Munich sacked Kurz in February 2009.

Kurz joined 1. FC Kaiserslautern in June 2009. He won promotion to the Bundesliga for the club in 2010. The subsequent 2010–11 season was changeable and most of the time, FCK was threatened by relegation, but eventually they finished a sensational seventh in the German top flight—their best finish in the bundesliga since 1998–99, when they finished fifth. 2011–12 was much worse, with Kaiserslautern occupying a relegation berth virtually all season. As a result, Kaiserslautern parted ways with coach Kurz on 20 March 2012.

On 18 December 2012, it was announced by Bundesliga side TSG Hoffenheim that Kurz would be the new head coach for the second half of the 2012–13 season, when Hoffenheim faced the threat of relegation. Hoffenheim were not able to emerge from the drop zone and decided to fire Kurz on 2 April 2013. Then, Kurz was manager of Ingolstadt 04 between 9 June 2013 and 30 September 2013.

He was named the head coach of Fortuna Düsseldorf on 23 December 2015. After scoring four points in seven games, Kurz was sacked on 13 March 2016.

On 16 June 2017, Kurz was appointed head coach of A-League club Adelaide United. He won his first competitive match as manager for Adelaide United on 9 August 2017 in the round of 32 of the FFA Cup defeating the Newcastle Jets 1–0. He made his A-League managerial debut on 8 October 2017 against Wellington Phoenix with the result being a draw at 1–1. Kurz helped Adelaide reach the final of the 2017 FFA Cup against Sydney FC on 21 November 2017 after defeating Western Sydney Wanderers 2–1 in the semi-finals; they went on to lose 1–2 after extra time. In 2018, Kurz led Adelaide United to their second FFA Cup triumph, defeating Sydney FC 2–1.

On 28 June 2019, Kurz was appointed manager of A-League side Melbourne Victory on a two-year deal, after their previous manager, Kevin Muscat, stepped down.

In January 2020, after six months in the role, Kurz was dismissed by Melbourne Victory; this was the third-fastest coaching dismissal in A-League history. Kurz left having managed the Victory for just 13 matches, for four wins, three draws and six losses; the six defeats were the most losses the Victory had suffered after 13 games of a season. At the time of his dismissal, Victory were sixth in the league with 15 points, their equal-lowest points tally after 13 games alongside the 2007–08 and 2011–12 seasons. He was replaced by Victory assistant coach Carlos Pérez Salvachúa.

Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Borussia Dortmund
Bundesliga: 1994–95
DFL-Supercup: 1995

Schalke 04
UEFA Cup: 1996–97

Manager
1. FC Kaiserslautern
2. Bundesliga: 2009–10

Adelaide United
FFA Cup: 2018

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Stuttgart
German men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
VfB Stuttgart players
1. FC Nürnberg players
Borussia Dortmund players
FC Schalke 04 players
TSV 1860 Munich players
SC Pfullendorf players
Bundesliga players
UEFA Cup winning players
German football managers
TSV 1860 Munich managers
1. FC Kaiserslautern managers
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim managers
FC Ingolstadt 04 managers
Fortuna Düsseldorf managers
Adelaide United FC managers
Melbourne Victory FC managers
Bundesliga managers
2. Bundesliga managers
A-League Men managers
German expatriate football managers
German expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Expatriate soccer managers in Australia
West German men's footballers


Hakan Aslantaş (born 26 August 1985 in Nürtingen, Germany) is a Turkish footballer who currently plays as a right back for Iğdır FK.

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Süper Lig players
TFF First League players
TFF Second League players
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
Malatyaspor footballers
Hacettepe S.K. footballers
Kayserispor footballers
Konyaspor footballers
Bursaspor footballers
Ankaraspor footballers
Kardemir Karabükspor footballers
Eskişehirspor footballers
Sakaryaspor footballers
German sportspeople of Turkish descent
Turkey men's youth international footballers
Men's association football defenders
People from Nürtingen


Ancients 1: Death Watch is a first-person medieval fantasy turn-based RPG for the PC.
Version 1.2 was released as shareware in 1991, developed and self-published by Farr-Ware. Version 2.0 was later published by Epic MegaGames on August 12 of 1993. The game was programmed by Mark Lewis, and its graphic art was created by Jason Struck and Matthew McEwan.

Plot
Players are told that during their youth they got lost while exploring the wilderness surrounding their home city of Locklaven. They were rescued by a beautiful harp playing fairy who put them into a magically enchanted sleep and teleported them back home. Years later, after having done much travelling, the player returns to Locklaven and becomes aware of a new great evil, and suspects that the fairy who saved them has been kidnapped.

Gameplay

Ancients is a standard fare dungeon crawl with a simplified Dungeons & Dragons element of character creation including Warrior, Priest, Mage, Rogue classes; Elf, Human, Dwarf races; and the rerollable statistics of Hitpoints, Dracos (Money), Intelligence, Strength, Constitution and Dexterity.  Players control a party of four characters.

The world is a static grid based system with the top level being the relatively safe city of Locklaven including an Inn to recover hitpoints and mana and listen to rumors, an equipment shop to purchase gear, a casino to gamble, a church to heal and resurrect dead characters, and a guild to train characters. Beneath the city is a sewer system followed by a number of different levels corresponding to increasingly difficult monsters.

Combat is randomly triggered by walking through the dungeon and is turn based allowing the player characters to attack first. Combat choices include a Basic Melee or Ranged Attack, Defend, Flee and Magic.  Player characters are effectively lined up in a square for combat with the left and right most characters lined up in back and the middle two characters in front, meaning in combat only the middle two characters can use melee attacks while the left and right most characters must attack from range or use magic.

Magic is broken down into the two primary classes of Priest and Mage. There are five accessible tiers of magic usage for each class and access to each tier is based upon character level. The first tier is available at level one. Access to tiers improves by one for each two levels gained, until the fifth tier is achieved.

Leveling occurs when characters receive enough experience from slaying monsters to reach the next level tier. Players must then travel back up to the city of Locklaven and visit the Guild. There are no other major quests than the storyline driven rescue.

Release and later history

Ancients 1 was released as shareware, allowing other parties to also distribute the game.

Critical reception
Ancients was reviewed by PC-Review magazine, being called "Unusually well-presented in terms of graphics and its user-friendly point and click interface".

Shovelware
Both versions of the game have appeared on various shovelware CD-ROMs, especially during the nineties. In 1994, Ancients 1 was included on Aztech New Media Corp's Adventure Shareware Games - Volume 4, STG Computer Limited's Gamefest in August, Tech Express Software's 101 Games #1 in October, and the 13th edition of EMS Professional Software's The EMS Professional CD Collection in December. Walnut Creek CD-ROM included the game on their Giga Games in August 1993, Giga Games 3 in August 1995, and Giga Games 5 in April 1997. Australian software publishing company Nodtronics Pty Ltd included it on volume #3 of their The Best 40 Games compilation series in 1996, as well as their The World's Best 6000 Games six-CD collection in 1998. In July 2010, Ancients 1 was also included on a DVD, 501 Awesome DOS Games!, accompanying issue #179 of Australia's PC PowerPlay magazine.

Sequel
A sequel was created in 1994, Ancients II: Approaching Evil. Although players can choose to import their party from the first game, the sequel has a new storyline that is not explicitly linked to the original. An opening animation shows members of the 'Lockshire Council' discussing an evil that is escaping from a series of catacombs, after an ancient seal formerly containing the evil has become broken. A member of the council explains that he knows of a party that he believes can repair the seal, and summons them to the new city. The seal will only become restored when four special objects are recovered and brought to the entrance of the catacombs.

Unlike the original, Approaching Evil was not shareware and was sold commercially.

See also
List of roleplaying games
List of MS-DOS games
Vinyl Goddess From Mars (also created by Mark Lewis, Mathew J McEwan and Jason Struck)
Radix: Beyond the Void (also worked on by Mark Lewis and Jason Struck)

References

External links
Play the game in your browser
Download Ancients at the Mobygames Archive, $Ancient.zip

1991 video games
Role-playing video games
DOS games
DOS-only games
Dungeon crawler video games
Video games developed in Canada
Single-player video games
Epic Games games
North America-exclusive video games


The 75th edition of the KNVB Cup started on August 29, 1992. The final was played on May 20, 1993: Ajax beat sc Heerenveen 6–2 and won the cup for the twelfth time.

Teams
 All 18 participants of the Eredivisie 1992-93, eleven of which entering in the third round, the rest entering in the second round
 All 18 participants of the Eerste Divisie 1992-93, entering in the second round
 27 teams from lower (amateur) leagues, seven of which entering in the second round

First round
The matches of the first round were played on August 29 and 30, 1992. Only amateur clubs participated.

Second round
The matches of the second round were played on September 18, 19 and 20, 1992. Except for eleven teams from the Eredivisie, all the other participating clubs entered the tournament here.

E Eredivisie; 1 Eerste Divisie; A Amateur teams

Third round
The matches of the third round were played on October 28, 1992. The eleven highest ranked Eredivisie teams from last season entered the tournament here.

E eleven Eredivisie entrants

Round of 16
The matches of the round of 16 were played on December 2, 1992.

Quarter finals
The quarter finals were played on February 17, 1993.

Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played on March 30 and 31, 1993.

Final

Ajax would participate in the Cup Winners' Cup.

See also
Eredivisie 1992-93
Eerste Divisie 1992-93

External links
 Netherlands Cup Full Results 1970–1994 by the RSSSF
 Results by Ronald Zwiers

1992-93
1992–93 domestic association football cups
1992–93 in Dutch football


An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and supplies.

Autoclave may also refer to:
 Autoclave (industrial), utilized to process parts and materials under pressure, as in curing
 Waste autoclave, a form of solid waste treatment
 Autoclave (album), a 1991 indie rock album
 Autoclave (band), a short-lived indie rock band
 Autoclave cipher, a cipher which incorporates the message into the key
 "Autoclave", the fourth track on The Mountain Goats 2008 album, Heretic Pride


Aston-by-Stone  railway station is a disused railway station in the village of Aston, Staffordshire, England.

History
Opened by the North Staffordshire Railway, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station closed in 1947

The site today
Trains still pass on the now electrified West Coast Main Line.

References

Further reading

External links
  Aston station on navigable 1946 O. S. map

Disused railway stations in Staffordshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1901
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1947
Former North Staffordshire Railway stations


Hermann-Josef Lamberti (born February 5, 1956) is a German banker and was Chief Operating Officer of Deutsche Bank until May 2012.

Lamberti holds a Diplom degree in business administration from the University of Cologne and a master's degree from Trinity College Dublin. He worked with Deloitte & Touche and IBM before joining Deutsche Bank in 1999. He held the position of Chief Operating Officer from 2002 to 2012.

In an effort to transform the corporate governance structure of EADS and to internationalize its board by reducing the representation of its main Franco-German shareholders, Lamberti was – alongside Lakshmi Mittal, Sir John Parker and Michel Pébereau – elected as one of four non-executive directors of the company in 2007.

References

1952 births
Living people
German bankers
University of Cologne alumni
Chief operating officers


ASU Karsten Golf Course was a classic designed links-style golf course in Tempe, Arizona, located on the campus of Arizona State University. Designed by noted course architect Pete Dye, it opened for play in September 1989 and is the home venue of the Sun Devils golf teams.

Karsten Golf Course closed on May 5, 2019, in order to be developed into sports fields. ASU moved their golf course to the nearby Papago Golf Course after striking a 30-year management agreement with the City of Phoenix, Papago's owner.

Creation
Privately funded, the largest single contributor was Karsten Solheim (1911–2000), the founder of Phoenix-based PING golf clubs. The clubhouse and ASU players' facility
were completed in November 1994. It was located at the northeast edge of campus, east of Sun Devil Stadium. The elevation of the course is approximately  above sea level.

History
The course was considered to many as the Home of Champions, referring to ASU's strong collegiate golf program's national titles; twice in men's (1990 and 1996) and seven times in women's (1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2009). Alumni among PGA and LPGA Tour professionals include Phil Mickelson, Jon Rahm, Billy Mayfair, Paul Casey, Howard Twitty, Tom Purtzer, Pat Perez, Matt Jones, Chez Reavie, JoAnne Carner, Heather Farr,  Grace Park, Azahara Muñoz, Anna Nordqvist, and Carlota Ciganda.

Awarded a high 4½ rating by Golf Digest Rating Panel, a number of holes were considered the course’s signature hole. The short par-four 4th hole, the tough par-four 9th, the dauntingly long par-three 16th ( from the tips) or the ill humor par-four 18th, guarded by water down the left side, was considered one of the toughest finishing holes in the state. The course hosted tournaments, including the collegiate Men’s and Women’s Pac-10 and NCAA Championships, Phoenix Thunderbirds Collegiate Invitational, PING Invitational, and U.S. Open Qualifying.

References

External links
 Arizona State University – Tempe campus tour: Karsten Golf Course
 Weather.com – ASU Karsten Golf Course – conditions and forecast

Arizona State University
College golf clubs and courses in the United States
Golf clubs and courses in Arizona
Sports venues in Tempe, Arizona
Arizona State Sun Devils
2019 disestablishments in Arizona
Defunct golf clubs and courses


Great Escape is the second studio album from The Rifles, released on 26 January 2009 after it was delayed from its initial release date of 13 October 2008. The album delay was somewhat attributed to the length of time it took to record. The Rifles used two different producers, Dave McCracken and Stan "Jan" Kybert, as well as recording the album in three different locations.

The Rifles used Dave Davies' (The Kinks) Konk Studios in Crouch End, Dan Hawkins' (The Darkness) studio Leeders Farm, and "The Pool" in Miloco Studios to record the album.

The working title for the album was The Pavement's Diaries.

The album was released in North America on 15 September 2009 through Nettwerk Music Group.

Track listing

 The last track contains a hidden track called "Lazy Bones".

Track listing Japan Edition

 The last track contains a hidden track called "Lazy Bones".

In popular culture
"The Great Escape" was used on the soundtrack of the 2011 video game Test Drive Unlimited 2.

"Winter Calls" was used on a Dasani water commercial, and in several episodes of the third series of BBC comedy Gavin & Stacey.

Personnel
Cello - Ian Burdge (tracks: 2,10,11)
Viola - John Metcalfe (tracks: 2), N. Baw (tracks: 10,11)
Violin - Louisa Fuller, Sally Herbert (tracks: 2), Emlyn Singleton, Warren Zielinski (tracks: 10,11)
Trumpet - Daniel Newell (tracks: 10,11)

Production
Producer - Dave McCraken (tracks: 2,5,6,7), Stan Kybert (tracks: 1,3,4,8-12)
Engineer - Andy Saunders (tracks: 1,3,4,8-12), Gergus Peterkin (tracks: 7), Richard Wilkinson, Serg (tracks: 2,5,6)
Additional Engineer - Dario Dendi (tracks: 1,3,4,8-12)
Mastering - Ted Jensen
Additional Mastering - Guy Davie
Mixing - Stephen Harris (tracks: 1,3,4,8-12), Steve Fitzmaurice (tracks: 2,5,6,7)
Photography - Oliver Twitchett

References

2009 albums
The Rifles (band) albums
679 Artists albums
Nettwerk Records albums


Class 75 may refer to:

 DRG Class 75, a class of German 2-6-2T passenger tank locomotive operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn comprising:
 Class 75.0: Württemberg T 5
 Class 75.1-3: Baden VI b
 Class 75.4,10-11: Baden VI c
 Class 75.5: Saxon XIV HT
 Class 75.6: BLE Nos. 45 to 49, ELE Nos. 11 to 13, 14, MFWE Nos. 29 to 32 and other locomotives taken over by the Reichsbahn
 Class 75.6: PH H, PH H'
 Class 75.7: BBÖ 229, JDŽ 116
 Class 75.8: BBÖ 29, JDŽ 116, PKP Class Okl11, PKP Class Okl12
 Class 75.9: ČSD Class 355.0
 Class 75.12-13: PKP Class Okl27
 Class 75.14: JDŽ 17
 Class 75.62: various locomotives taken over by the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1949
 Class 75.64: ditto
 Class 75.66: ditto
 Class 75.67:  HBE Nos. 6 and 7, taken over by the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1949
 Class 75.561


Daher (also stylized as DAHER) is a French industrial conglomerate. It is operational across the aerospace, defence, nuclear, and automotive industrial sectors in the fields of manufacturing, services, and transport.

It was founded in 1863 as a shipping company based in Marseille, France. Within its first decade of operation, it was taken over by the Daher family, who have held a controlling stake in the company for over 100 years.

During the twenty-first century, Daher has grown its presence within the aviation industry, acquiring both French general aviation manufacturer SOCATA and American aircraft company Quest Aircraft. In addition to manufacturing its own light aircraft range, it is also active as a subcontractor of aerostructures on behalf of several aerospace firms, including Airbus, Boeing, Dassault, and Gulfstream Aerospace.

History
Daher was originally established in 1863 as a shipping company based in Marseille, France, by Alphonse Barban. In 1871, the company was taken over by Paul Daher. In 1880, one of the company's ships, the Herald of Morning completed the Marseille – San Francisco crossing in a record-breaking time of 100 days, achieved by going around Cape Horn.

In 1887, the company adopted the name Barban & DAHER. In 1920, Paul Daher's son, Gabriel, opened a branch of the firm to handle the charter sector. One year later, the firm operated its first route to the Middle East, supporting the construction of pipelines in the region; accordingly, Daher became a leader in the fast-growing energy market.

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, it continued to expand its large-scale transport activities. During the 1930s, Daher became a specialist in the transportation of locomotives and railway rolling stock by sea.

In 1972, the Daher group decided to involve itself in France's nuclear power industry, directly contributing to the construction of these nuclear power plants via the provision of three 550-tonne cranes.

During the late 1980s, Daher enlarged its presence in the global logistics sector, providing services for manufacturing, distribution and supply. During 1989, Daher began to transport outsize aircraft components on behalf of the multinational Airbus consortium, carrying payloads between Southampton, England and Toulouse, France.

The company took advantage of the end of the Cold War to seek out business in the east. In 1990, Daher participated in the construction of the first nuclear power plant in China built with French technology; the firm was made responsible for delivering all components to the construction site in Daya Bay. in 1994, the firm was contracted to provide logistics management services for the Omsk Refinery Project in Siberia, Russia.

In 1999, Daher took over the aerospace and defense business Lhotellier Montrichard. Two years later, high-pressure pipe fabricator Lacroix Lucaero was acquired by the Daher Group. In 2003, thermal insulation systems Manutex was also acquired by Daher. That same year, the company secured a major logistics contract with British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce Plc to handle its RFID-based logistics system.

In 2007, Daher acquired the nuclear energy logistics company Nuclear Cargo + Services (NCS), based in Hanau, Germany; this purchase marked Daher's first major push into the nuclear sector. Subsequently, the American company Transport Logistics International, Inc. became a part of the Daher group on 1 January 2010.

On 27 June 2008, multinational European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) announced its intention to sell a controlling interest in the general aviation manufacturer EADS Socata to Daher. On 3 November 2008, EADS and Daher announced that they had reached an agreement for Daher to acquire a 70% share of Socata. On 7 January 2009, Daher confirmed its acquisition of a majority 70% stake in SOCATA.

In 2010, Daher launched its operational base in Mexico, establishing a composites manufacturing factory in Nogales. On 7 September 2011, the Daher Group announced that it was undertaking the acquisition of valve and control specialists Vanatome and Verdelet, two key players in the supply of equipment for nuclear power plants.

In 2013, the Daher Group celebrated its 150 years of existence; in November of that same year, the firm announced the acquisition of the aeronautical equipment manufacturer Dyonix. Also in 2013, Daher becomes a major partner for the Airbus Helicopters H160 rotorcraft, becoming responsible designing and manufacturing the tail boom and distinctive fenestron anti-torque device. By this point, Daher was already an active aerostructures suppliers for multiple companies, including Airbus for its A350 XWB airliner, Dassault Aviation's Falcon 5x business jet, and Gulfstream Aerospace's Gulfstream G500/G600 business jet family.

In 2015, Daher underwent considerable management changes; for the first time in living memory, the firm was no longer directly managed by a member of the Daher family as then-CEO Patrick Daher began to transfer his responsibilities over to Didier Kayat. The firm's ownership remained unchanging, the Daher family holding a controlling stake of 80 per cent, while French public investment bank BPI owned the remaining 20 per cent.

In 2016, the company launched the improved TBM 930 turboprop aircraft; that same year, the 800th TBM came off the assembly line. That same year, Daher reinforces its presence in Mexico, opening a logistics base in Queretaro.

By 2017, the aerospace sector accounted for roughly 80% of Daher group's overall turnover, while the remainder was generated from its engineering and logistical support contracts for the French nuclear industry. That same year, the firm announced that its on-time delivery figures to Airbus, its biggest customer at the time, had risen from 85% to 99.7%.

In early 2018, the company secured its first contract with the American aerospace company Boeing to supply subassemblies for its 787 airliner; at the time, Daher's managing director, Didier Kayat, stated that it intended to be earning one third of its revenues with the Americas within five years. In June 2019, Daher announced its plan to purchase American general aviation company Quest Aircraft from Japanese firm Setouchi Holdings. During October of that year, the acquisition of Quest Aircraft was finalised, expanding Daher's North American footprint and merger its sales efforts with the former SOCATA's own.

In June 2023, Daher announced the launch of a new program at the Paris Air Show. The EcoPulse is a hybrid-electric distributed propulsion aircraft demonstrator, jointly developed by Daher, Safran and Airbus.

Business lines

Aircraft manufacturer

Daher's aviation activity includes the design, manufacture and maintenance of the TBM and Kodiak single-engine turboprop aircraft. Daher also offers maintenance, repair and technical support of other aircraft in the same categories.

Aerospace systems & equipment
As an aircraft manufacturer, Daher developed three areas of expertise: metals, composite materials and assembly.

Daher designs and manufactures products for the aerospace market:
 Aerostructures: Wings & Empennages, Doors, Airframe, Fairings
 AeroEngines: Nacelles & pylons, Engine parts
 Aircraft Interiors: Floor covering, Cargo nets, Insulation Blankets, Air distribution systems.

Logistics and services
Daher specializes in providing logistics and supply chain services to clients in the aeronautics, automotive, and other industrial sectors.
 Logistics Solutions: Daher designs and operates inbound, outbound & aftermarket logistic flows for its client.
 Manufacturing Operations: Daher offers production assembly operations, quality control, repair, and rework services, both on-site and off-site.
 Project Transportation: Daher handles transportation for oversized and specific loads, accompanied by comprehensive engineering services.
 Supply Chain Support: Daher offers on-demand engineering expertise in supply chain design, procurement management, supplier development, production control, planning, and transport monitoring.

References

External links

Aerospace companies of France
French brands
Manufacturing companies based in Marseille


Product Planning, or product discovery, is the ongoing process of identifying and articulating market requirements that define a product's feature set. It serves as the basis for decision-making about price, distribution and promotion. Product planning is also the means by which companies and businesses can respond to long-term challenges within the business environment, often achieved by managing the product throughout its life cycle using various marketing strategies, including product extensions or improvements, increased distribution, price changes and promotions. It involves understanding the needs and wants of core customer groups so products can target key customer desires  and allows a firm to predict how a product will be received within a market upon launch.

The product planning process

Developing the product concept
In the product concept phase, managers generate ideas for new products by identifying certain problems that consumers face or various customers needs. For example, a small computer retailer may see the need to create a computer repair division for the products it sells. After idea conception, managers may plan the dimensions and features of the product and develop a trial product.

Studying the market
The next step is engaging in a competitor analysis. Secondary research usually provides details on key competitors and their market share, which is the percent of total sales that they hold in the marketplace. The business can then determine places in which it has an advantage over the competition to identify areas of opportunity.

Market research
Market research is one stage of product planning and is regarded as the way to accomplish the activity though designing questions, preparing the samples, collecting data and analysing them. It provides significant insight into customers wants, needs, buying habits and behaviours and is a key tool used in the product planning process. For example, customer satisfaction information can be obtained through surveys and market research. The process consists of 4 components: definition, collection, analysis and interpretation.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Both qualitative and quantitative marketing research techniques can be used within marketing research. The aim of qualitative research is to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often used than large samples. Quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or numerical data or computational techniques. The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena.

Market researchers use quantitative and qualitative research to gain better and more complete perspectives about a market segment or hypothesis. Qualitative research involves consideration and analysis that are non-numerical in nature, which includes questions of "how" and "what". Qualitative research is suited to solve the problem areas of basic market exploratory studies, product development and diagnostic studies. In market exploratory studies, the research findings can be used to define consumer segmentations in relation to a product brand or understand the dimensions which differentiate between brands. In new product development, product, packaging, positioning and advertising information can be collected through researching to confirm a new product proposition. In diagnostic studies, qualitative research is used to determine how the brand image has changed since the start of an advertising campaign.

Research Methods
The methods of qualitative research can be departed into observation and focus groups. Recently, observation is used in observation-based researches, in which people may not articulate correctly and clearly of their thoughts. A particular example is the application in in-store shopping surveys, which regularly allow customers to try the products and gather feedback. Focus group is a tool on the basis of psychotherapy where it has found that if people are divided into small groups and asked to share their opinions suggestions, and open up. Because there will generate a brainstorming effect in the groups so that a comment from one person can stimulate another one's ideas. In general, there are always need four groups to cover a single respondent type. The outcomes of group discussions rely on the group leaders’ abilities of structuring the discussion, conducting the meeting and analysing and understanding the results.

Quantitative research is about understanding aspects of a market or what kinds of customers make up the market. It can be split into soft and hard parts. Soft parts refer to phenomena like customer attitudes and hard part is market size, brand shares and so on. Quantitative researchers are different from qualitative researchers, they pay more attention to asking 'What' questions.  Quantitative research often provides three aims: description, forecasting and decision-making. Quantitative market research means getting relevant information or measures from each single customer or shopper who are carrying out a census in the market. It is based on the strict sampling methods so that its data or results have levels of accuracy and can be taken to represent and stand for the population or to projecting.

If the survey results prove favorable, the company may decide to sell the new product on a small scale or regional basis. During this time, the company will distribute the products in one or more cities. The company will run advertisements and sales promotions for the product, tracking sales results to determine the products potential success.

Product life cycle

Product planning must also include managing the product through various stages of its product life cycle. These stages include the introduction, growth, maturity and decline stages. Sales are usually strong during the growth phase, while competition is low. However, continued success of the product will pique the interest of competitors, which will develop products of their own. The introduction of these competitive products may force a small company to lower its price. This low pricing strategy may help prevent the small company from losing market share. The company may also decide to better differentiate its product to keep its prices steady. For example, a small cell phone company may develop new, useful features on its cell phones that competitors do not have. Product life cycle can be viewed as an important source of investment decision for the company.

If a company or brand wants to make sure that its products are successful, it needs to study the product life cycle to analyze market attractiveness and supplement the conclusion before it launches a new product or enters a new market. Product life cycle plays an important role in marketing. The first reason is that the managers will follow the four stages to make product plans for pushing out new products. Secondly, the level and growth of sales will change a lot during the four stages so the managers need to adjust the product plan appropriately and timely. The last one is that the prices and costs will decrease markedly in the early stages of the product life cycle.

Introduction
The first stage is the introduction (or market development), when a product is first brought to market. The goal in this stage is to attract customers’ attention as much as possible and confirm the products’ initial distribution. In this stage will be the first communication between marketers and customers relating to this product  and will be the first time the consumer is aware of the product. In addition, the cost of the things will be high like research, testing and development and the sales are low as the customer base is small.

Growth
The second stage is growth. In this stage, the new products have been accepted in the market and their sales and profits has begun to increase, the competition has happened so that the company will promote their quality to stay competitive. The products also have basic consumers’ attention and can develop their loyal customers. There will have second communication as marketers can start to receive customers’ feedback and then make improvements.

Maturity
The third stage is maturity where the sales and profit have grown slowly and will reach their peak. The firm will face fierce competition in terms of providing high quality products.

Decline
The last stage is decline which means the product is going to end and be discontinued. The sales of product will decrease until it is no longer in demand as it has become saturated, all the customers who want to buy this product has already got that. Then the company or brand will cut down the old products and pays attention to designing and developing the new products to gain back the customer base, stay in the markets and make profits.

References

Product management


The Bachman–Wilson House, built in and originally located in Millstone, in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States, was originally designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1954 for Abraham Wilson and his first wife, Gloria Bachman. Ms. Bachman's brother, Marvin, had studied with Wright at Taliesin West, his home and studio in Scottsdale, Arizona. In 2014 the house was acquired by the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas and has been relocated in its entirety to the museum's campus.

Architecture
The Bachman-Wilson house is an example of Wright's invention of Usonian architecture. Wright built many of his houses around the notion of comfortable, low-cost living that fits the needs of its residents, as well as building a structure to match its environment. Wright was determined to use his new style to reinvent the previously box-like forms of early-to-mid twentieth century architecture, and create buildings that were right for modern times, as well as engaging and exciting for people to experience in a visual sense. Wright's ideas for low-cost living originated in the early twentieth century, and Wright was able to produce a large number of designs in that time. These would eventually turn into one of the largest collections of designs done by Wright in the early twentieth century.

The house is a beautiful example of Wright's ongoing pursuit of the "destruction of the box," and gives visitors a wonderful experience with its continuous open and flowing spaces and transparency. Wright's invention of the transparent corner, which can be seen in the way the tall windows meet at a corner looking out onto the back porch area of the house, allows the interior space to have an even greater sense of openness and calm. Another architectural signature of Frank Lloyd Wright is also seen in the fireplace, as it sits in the central portion of the house, making it a sort of symbolic architectural centerpiece. While it does have many features that give a sense of open space, it also has many other interesting architectural features.

The front façade of concrete blocks has an almost fortress-like appearance to ensure privacy from the street. The house is built with Way-Lite concrete blocks and Philippine mahogany trim. It has a second story, rare in a Usonian house, with cantilevered balconies. The living room has a built-in banquette facing a wooded scene through a wall of 10 foot high glass panes, symbolizing a transcendental pew set before the altar of nature.

The public space is a dramatic focal point, with walls of glass and an open floor plan. Cut-out wooden panels of abstracted forms over 24 clerestory windows provide an unobtrusive yet restrained decorative touch to this lavish space. These recall Native American geometric motifs as well as stylized forms that may be based in nature. Construction was completed in 1956. Gloria and Abraham Wilson were the original owners of the home, and it was later bought and restored in 1988.

Sharon and Lawrence Tarantino
In 1988, Sharon and Lawrence Tarantino acquired the neglected Bachman Wilson House. Tarantino Architects has since guided the home's complete restoration and rebuilt the kitchen according to Wright's original drawings.  Sharon and Lawrence Tarantino have received several awards for their restoration work, including the Wright Spirit Award from the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy.

The house was originally located along the Millstone River in Millstone Borough. It exemplifies Wright's "Usonian" philosophy and employs his early green building principles, including minimizing the size of the house and ancillary spaces, pioneering passive solar and radiant heat design, employing natural daylight and recycling construction waste. As its location was prone to flooding, the owners sought to relocate and rebuild it at a safer site in order to preserve it.

Relocation and renovation
On January 15, 2014, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas, announced that it was acquiring the Bachman–Wilson House and have made plans to relocate the house in its entirety to the museum's campus. Due to its past flooding and other circumstances, not all of the original structure could be relocated, such as the exterior concrete block wall and the stained concrete flooring, both of which have been remade by Crystal Bridges' reconstruction crew for the relocation. Despite flood damage, most of the interior of the house has been saved and can be seen and toured on the grounds of Crystal Bridges.

The house is located on the south side of Crystal Bridges and is only a brief walk from the south entrance. As well as the house there is also a welcoming pavilion constructed by the Fay Jones School of Architecture from The University of Arkansas that tells visitors not only about the Bachman–Wilson House but also about Frank Lloyd Wright and his works elsewhere.

Articles
 October 14, 2001:  Memories of a Famous Architect - New York Times
 March 7, 2008:  AIArchitect This Week | For the People: Preserving Wright’s Usonian Houses
 November 21, 2008:  Frank Lloyd Wright Renovation Receives Merit Award - Inhabitat
 October 17, 2008:  Honors for Restored Wright House - New York Times
 2011:  10 Most Endangered Historic Places in New Jersey
 April 19, 2012:  A Frank Lloyd Wright House in NJ ready to deconstruct and reconstruct
 January, 14, 2014: Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art Acquire A Rare Frank Lloyd House, Preserves an architectural treasure
 February 12, 2014: Crystal Bridges Museum Acquires Frank Lloyd Wright Usonian House

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works
 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.366)
 Kennedy-Grant, Philip S. "AIA New Jersey Guidebook". Rutgers University Press, 2012,

References

External links
 The Bachman Wilson House
 Frank Lloyd Wright – Bachman Wilson House | Tarantino Architect
 Fay Jones and Frank Lloyd Wright: Organic Architecture Comes to Arkansas digital exhibit, University of Arkansas Libraries

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
Houses in Somerset County, New Jersey
Houses completed in 1956
Millstone, New Jersey
Relocated buildings and structures in Arkansas
Houses in Bentonville, Arkansas
Collection of the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art


Little Joy is the self-titled debut album by Brazilian/American rock band Little Joy. It was released on November 4, 2008.

Track listing

Personnel
 Fabrizio Moretti – guitar, tenor guitar, piano, bass guitar, drums, percussion, melodica, backing vocals
 Binki Shapiro – vocals, guitar, glockenspiel, percussion, backing vocals
 Rodrigo Amarante – vocals, guitar, piano, bass, ukulele, organ, Mellotron, percussion, backing vocals

Additional Personnel
Andrew Balogh – baritone saxophone
Samuel Pannell – tenor horn
Ryan Duffy – violin
Alison Lowell – oboe
Maciej Sflif – bassoon
Brendan Speltz – violin
David Tuohy – backing vocals on "With Strangers"
Keegan Wood – trombone
Wen Yee – viola
Amy Tatum – flute
Loribeth Capella – backing vocals on "With Strangers"
Mia Barcia-Colombo – cello
Adam Green – backing vocals on "With Strangers"
Andy Leonard – clarinet
Nick Valensi – backing vocals on "With Strangers"
Noah Georgeson – guitar, slide guitar, backing vocals on "Brand New Start", "No One's Better Sake", and "Keep Me in Mind"; mixing, production
Mia Barcia Colombo – cello
Mike Davis – trumpet, contractor
Carlos Zetino – backing vocals, ambience
Devendra Banhart – additional vocals on "Don't Watch Me Dancing"

References

2008 debut albums
Little Joy albums
Rough Trade Records albums
Albums produced by Noah Georgeson
Albums produced by Thom Monahan