John James Johnson (born 16 September 1988) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for I-League club RoundGlass Punjab FC. A graduate of the Middlesbrough youth academy, he made his debut for the club against Chelsea. A lack of first team opportunities saw him being loaned to Football League clubs Tranmere Rovers and Northampton Town.

After playing for a season on loan, Northampton signed Johnson on a permanent basis. He was also given club captainship but was replaced in the role after the arrival of Clarke Carlisle. In the 2012–13 season, his appearances for the club were hindered due to a cartilage injury. Johnson then signed for debutant Bengaluru FC in the I-League in India, managed by his former Northampton Town teammate Ashley Westwood. Johnson, along with Kenyan Curtis Osano, became the first foreigners to play for the club. Despite being an English player, he has spent the majority of his professional career playing for Indian clubs such as Bengaluru FC and ATK, in the I-League and Indian Super League.

Career

Middlesbrough

Born in Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, Johnson is a product of the Middlesbrough academy which he joined in 2005. He signed a professional contract with Middlesbrough on 15 May 2008 and made his first team debut (and only appearance for the club) on 18 October 2008 in a 5–0 home defeat to Chelsea in the Premier League, coming on as a substitute for Jonathan Grounds in the 54th minute. Later, in an interview in May 2015, Johnson said that his debut had been the "most inspirational moment" of his life. In November 2008, he made a loan move to League One side Tranmere Rovers until the end of the year. He made his debut in a 2–1 victory against Leeds United the following week, but scored an own goal in Tranmere's Football League Trophy northern area semi-final against Scunthorpe United, which gave Scunthorpe a 2–1 victory. He played five games, four in the league, during his loan spell with Tranmere.

Northampton Town
Johnson joined League Two club Northampton Town on a one-month loan in September 2009. He made his debut for the club in a 3–0 loss against Shrewsbury Town and on 3 October 2009, scored the first goal of his professional career, in a 2–2 draw against Bradford City. Having played four games, Johnson said he hoped to help the club back to winning ways. On 22 October 2009, he extended his stay at Northampton until the new year, and scored his first goal on 24 October 2009 in a 4–2 win over Morecambe. The loan was extended until the end of the season in December.

Northampton signed Johnson on a two-year contract in July 2010 following the successful loan spell. After signing for the club on a permanent basis, Johnson's first match was the opening game of the season, in a 3–0 loss against Torquay United. Two months later, he received a straight red card after fouling Simon Clist and lost his appeal, resulting in a one-match ban, missing a 3–1 loss against Oxford United. A week after his suspension, he scored his first goal as a permanent Northampton player in a 2–0 win over Lincoln City. In his first season at Northampton (as a permanent player), he made 41 appearances and scored seven goals.

Johnson was appointed as captain ahead of the 2011–12 season having previously captained the club in a friendly match against Nottingham Forest, but was stripped of the post following the arrival of Clarke Carlisle. Johnson retained his first team place, making 48 appearances and scoring twice in two consecutive games against Morecambe and Southend. During a 3–2 loss against Burton Albion on 26 December 2011, Johnson received a straight red card in the 18th minute, for fouling John McGrath. After the match, the club announced it would appeal against his sending-off. The club won the appeal after The Football Association overturned the decision, therefore making him available to play.

As his contract was due to expire in the summer, Johnson signed a one-year extension with Northampton keeping him at the club until 2013 on 16 May 2012. After signing, manager Aidy Boothroyd said he expected Johnson to realise his full potential in the coming season. However, Johnson suffered a cartilage injury in October 2012 that ruled him out for four to six weeks. He made a return in a 1–1 draw against York City, but his return was short-lived when he came off at half-time and was out until January after undergoing knee surgery. After making his return on 19 January 2013 against AFC Wimbledon in a 1–1 draw, Boothroyd said Johnson made the team tougher and more aggressive. Later in the 2012–13 season, Johnson regained his first team place and the club finished in sixth place, qualifying for the promotion play-offs. Johnson described the team as "the strongest" he had played in. Johnson was an unused substitute in the play-offs as Northampton Town lost 3–0 on aggregate against Bradford City. He was released by Northampton at the end of the season.

Bengaluru FC
On 16 July 2013, Johnson signed for Bengaluru FC of the Indian I-League, and with Curtis Osano, became the first foreigners in the team's history. He made his debut in their first ever I-League match on 22 September against Mohun Bagan, playing the entirety of a 1–1 draw. In their next match against Rangdajied United F.C., he scored his first goal in India, opening a 3–0 victory. He scored his second goal in as many matches on 6 October against United S.C., the only goal of the game. Four days later he netted in his third consecutive match, in the 12th minute of a 2–1 victory against Mohammedan S.C. In the Federation Cup, Johnson played three full matches against Sporting Goa, Rangdajied United and East Bengal. However, Bengaluru could not proceed beyond the group stage. After defeating Dempo on 20 April 2014, the club won the I-League in its debut season. He was also awarded the Best Defender of 2013–14 I-League award.

Johnson kicked off the 2015 season by winning the Federation Cup, defeating Dempo 2–1 in the final. He played in the club's 2–1 defeat against Malayasian club Johor Darul Ta'zim in the preliminary round of 2015 AFC Champions League, receiving a yellow card in the 67th minute.

On 20 June 2016, after helping Bengaluru FC win their second I-League title, Johnson was rewarded with a new two-year contract, keeping him with the club till the end of the 2017–18 season.

ATK FC
On 4 June 2018, it was announced on Twitter that Johnson had joined ATK on a two-year deal.

ATK Mohun Bagan
After the merger of ATK and Mohun Bagan AC, John Johnson stayed with the merged team ATK Mohun Bagan FC. He was  as an unregistered player for 2020–21 Indian Super League season. On 31 August 2021, John Johnson mutually terminated his contract with the club.

RoundGlass Punjab
On 1 September 2021, John Johnson joined I-League club RoundGlass Punjab FC ahead of 2021–22 I-League.

Style of play
Though Johnson mainly plays as a centre-back or as a right back, but journalist Arunava Chaudhuri said he is "equally comfortable in defensive midfield." After playing in India, sports website The Hard Tackle described Johnson as "one of the best footballing imports to the country". The website also praised his height as it is "influential in defence as it is from both attacking and defensive set-pieces." He was recognised by BBC as  "consistent, a firm fans' favourite and a brave, no nonsense defender."

Career statistics

Club

Honours

Bengaluru
 I-League: 2013–14, 2015–16
 Federation Cup: 2014–15, 2016–17
Indian Super Cup|2018

ATK
 Indian Super League: 2019–20

Individual
 Best Defender of I-League: 2013–14

References

External links

 (Northampton Town loan only)

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Middlesbrough
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Bengaluru FC players
ATK (football club) players
Premier League players
English Football League players
I-League players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in India
English expatriate sportspeople in India


Shelomo Selinger (born 31 May 1928) is a sculptor and artist living and working in Paris since 1956.

Biography

Selinger was born to a Jewish family in the small Polish town of Szczakowa (today part of Jaworzno) near Oświęcim (Auschwitz). He received both a traditional Jewish upbringing and a Polish public school education. In 1943 he was deported with his father from the Chrzanów ghetto to the Faulbrück concentration camp in Germany. Three months later his father was murdered and Selinger remained alone in the camp. His mother and one of his sisters also perished during the Holocaust.
Selinger survived nine German death camps: Faulbrück, Gröditz, Markstadt, Fünfteichen, Gross-Rosen, Flossenburg, Dresden, Leitmeritz and finally Theresienstadt, as well as two death marches.

He was discovered, still breathing, on a stack of dead bodies when the Terezin camp was liberated in 1945 by the Red Army. The Jewish military doctor who pulled him out of the pile of corpses transferred him to a military field hospital, where he recovered his health, but was completely amnesic for seven years.

In 1946 he boarded the Tel Haï, a ship leaving La Ciotat and headed to the then British Mandate Palestine with a group of young death camps survivors who, with the help of the Jewish Brigade of the British Army, had crossed illegally through Germany, Belgium and France. The ship was seized outside the territorial waters of Haifa by the British Royal Navy. The passengers, none of whom had immigration certificates, were interned in the Atlit detainee camp.

After his liberation from the camp, Selinger joined the Beit HaArava kibbutz near the Dead Sea. During the 1948 Palestine war he participated in the Sodom battle, while his kibbutz was destroyed. He was then one of the founders of the Kabri kibbutz in the Galilee, where in 1951 he met his future wife, Ruth Shapirovsky, who came to the kibbutz as a volunteer worker with her Haifa high school class. They were married in 1954. At that time Selinger began to fill in the gaps in his memory and to sculpt.

In 1955 Selinger was awarded the Norman Prize of the America-Israel Cultural Foundation. A year later he enrolled in Paris at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts where he studied traditional clay modelling with Marcel Gimond. However, he did not abandon his own personal style and continued carving directly on working materials with hammers, sledgehammers and chisels.

Too poor to buy his own art materials, Selinger hunted for stone blocks in the slum belt of Paris and returned with a very dense and hard bloc of granite capable of capturing and reflecting light. Granite became his favourite stone. Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncuși introduced him to Vosges' sandstone ("Grès des Vosges") and gave him a grindstone of this reddish stone, a symbolic present to Selinger as a successor to Brâncuși's direct carving technique. Selinger also carved wood, mostly using easily available firewood.

After three years in the Beaux Arts school, Selinger  started attending what he called the "best school of all", the museums of Paris (primarily the Louvre) and the studios of Parisian sculptors including Ossip Zadkine, Jean Arp, Alberto Giacometti and Joseph Constant.
A sculpture named "Motherhood", inspired by his wife and the birth of their son Rami, earned him the Neumann Prize of the city of Geneva, the first acknowledgement of his talent in Paris. The work is now part of the permanent collection of the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. Thus Selinger—a survivor of the German death camps—became a renowned sculptor of birth, rebirth and life itself.

The Jewish Museum of New York discovered Selinger in 1960 and displayed seven of his sculptures. After Paris art gallery owner Michel Dauberville became owner of his parents' gallery, the Galerie Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, he gave many exhibitions of Selinger's work from the 1960s through the first decade of the 21st century.

Further recognition came to Selinger in 1973 when he won first prize in an international competition with his monument "The Gates of Hell", in memory of those who passed through Drancy internment camp on the outskirts of Paris during World War II.

In 1973 Selinger was named Chevalier to the prestigious French Legion of Honour by President François Mitterrand. Since 2006, he has had the title "Officier de la Légion d'Honneur".

Currently living in Paris with his wife, Selinger contributes to work in marble, granite, stone and wood.

Citations

Major works
Selinger's work on the Mémorial national des Déportés de France (French National Deportation Memorial) in Drancy, in rose coloured granite, took two years of carving by hand and was unveiled in 1976. The Mémorial de la Résistance in La Courneuve followed in 1987. In the meantime Selinger created the Requiem pour les Juifs d'Allemagne (Requiem for German Jews) (1980) in Bosen, Saarland and the Monument aux Justes parmi les Nations (Monument for the Unknown Righteous among the Nations) at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem(1987). Selinger started treating monumental statuary in open space in 1964 with his sculpture L'Esprit et la matière  n° 1 (Spirit and matter n° 1), erected in Saint-Avold (Moselle), followed by L'Esprit et la matière n° 2 in Wissembourg (Bas-Rhin). The superb white marble Moise ou la Victoire de la lumière (Moses or the Victory of Light), set up in Aranđelovac (Serbia) has kept its head but the prophet's rays were destroyed by lightning.

Some of his other important open-air monuments are La tauromachie at the bullring of Le Bouscat (Gironde) in 1974, La Danse, a group of 35 flower boxes created in 1982, stretching from the place Basse of the Esplanade Charles-de-Gaulle, to the La Défense (Hauts-de-Seine), covering an area of 3.600 square meters and the Groupe de 13 sculptures (1991) in the Tel-Hai Industrial park in the Galilee, a part of the 24 granite and basalt sculptures bought by the Open Air Museum of Tefen. These works are on display in Tel-Aviv, in Omer or in Lavon. Since 1998, Le prophète Elie (The Prophet Elijah) towers over the Mount Carmel dominating Haifa.

Selinger's sculptures comprise today more than 800 works in all possible materials and sizes, granite, red granite, sandstone, marble, bronze, oak, blackwood, cherry wood, ash tree or beech. Forty-eight monumental open-air statues are exhibited in public places. Five of these monuments are dedicated to The Holocaust and the Résistance.

On the 103rd anniversary of the 1906 rehabilitation of Alfred Dreyfus, the first deputy mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, announced the creation of a new association. The association proposes to launch a national subscription campaign for the erection of a statue of Émile Zola on the Place Alfred Dreyfus in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. The sculptor will be Shelomo Selinger.

Selinger's graphic works in Indian ink and/or charcoal number thousands. Part of his drawings represents his concentration camp experience, but most of his works are real celebrations of life. Shelomo Selinger's works were exhibited in about forty museums and galleries all over the world.

Prizes and distinctions
 1956 – Norman Prize for sculpture, America-Israel. Israel.
 1958 – Neumann Prize for Jewish artists in Europe.
 1973 – First Prize in the international competition for the national monument in memory of the camp at Drancy.
 1974 – Silver Medal of the town of Montrouge.
 1983 – Silver Medal of the town of Paris.
 1985 – First Grand Prix at the Salon d'Automne. Paris.
 1989 – Vermeil medal of the city of Paris
 1991 – Prize of Yiddish journalists in Paris.
 1993 – Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur. Paris
 1993 – Mémoire de la Shoah Prize, Fondation Buchman, Fondation of French Judaïsme.
 1994 –  Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres. Paris
 1994 – Peace Prize. Republic of China.
 1996 – Korman Prize from the Union des Associations Juives de France.
 2005 –  Officier de la Légion d'Honneur.

Bibliography

 L'HOMME  BLANC  RACONTE  SON  HISTOIRE, Drawings by  S.Selinger. Text by Bruno. Durocher. Paris. Edition Caractère.  1981
 Israel, Drawings by S. Selinger. Poems  by David Escobar Galindo. San – Salvador. 1981
 HISTOIRE DE LA SCULPTURE MODERNE EN FRANCE DE 1950 A NOS JOURS. Lionel  Jianou. Paris, Arte Edition d'art. 1982
 SET ER-  HA-SETARIM,  Woodcuts by  Shelomo Selinger. Text  by Bruno Durocher. Paris. Edition Durocher.    1986
 LE MEMORIAL NATIONAL DU CAMP DE DRANCY, Brochure  published  by the municipality of Drancy.  1990
 UNE ECOLE  DE  BATIMENT  A  AUSCHWITZ, Drawings by S.Selinger. Text by Charles Papiernik. Paris. Edition Caractère.1993 Buenos aires. Argentina, (in  Spanish). Edition  Milà.  1994
 ETRANGER,  Woodcuts  by  Shelomo  Selinger. Poetry by  Bruno  Durocher. Paris. Edition Caractère. 1994
 L'UNIVERS DU  SCULPTEUR  SHELOMO  SELINGER, Text by  Marie-Françoise Bonicel. Biography by Ruth Selinger. Paris. Edition F.Ferre.1998.
 Text of the speech made by François Mitterrand when awarding the artist the Légion d'Honneur.
 SHELOMO  SELINGER,  Sculptures in the Open Museum Collection. 2000.  Tefen, Open Museum. Israel
 SHELOMO  SELINGER  SURVIVOR OF  THE  SHOAH. video cassettes Visual History Foundation. 1996
 SHELOMO SELINGER. THE DEATH CAMPS- DRAWINGS BY A SURVIVOR. Text by Marie-Françoise Bonicel  et Ruth Shapirovsky-Selinger.
Paris. Somogy Edition d'Art. 2005.

Gallery

Filmography
 Shelomo Selinger : Mémoire de pierre, 77 minutes, French w/English subtitles, Directed by Alain Bellaïche (), 2010.
 Les sept portes de Shelomo Selinger (, 2012.

External links

 The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
 .
 Les sept portes de Shelomo Selinger
   A Teacher's guide to the holocaust, « Drancy Transit Camp Memorial »
  University of Minnesota, Center for Holocaust & genocide Studies, Pictures of Shelomo Selinger drawings
  University of Minnesota, Center for Holocaust & genocide Studies, Pictures of Shelomo Selinger's sculptures
  Parisiana, The lovers Guide To Paris
 « Selinger sculpte la lumière », article de L'Humanité du 30 octobre 1996
 .

References

1928 births
Living people
People from Jaworzno
French people of Polish-Jewish descent
Jewish sculptors
Israeli sculptors
Modern sculptors
Israeli Jews
Polish emigrants to Israel
Polish expatriates in France
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres


Enid del Carmen Rivera Velázquez (born November 7, 1980) is an American female freestyle wrestler from Puerto Rico. She participated in 2008 FILA Wrestling World Championships in the 55 kg. category.

References

External links
 Wrestler profile on 2008 FILA World Championships official website

Living people
1980 births
Puerto Rican female sport wrestlers


The Lebanon national under-20 football team () is the national under-20 football team of Lebanon and is controlled by the Lebanese Football Association. The team also serves as the national under-19 and national under-18 football teams of Lebanon.

While the team has never qualified for the FIFA U-20 World Cup, they have participated twice in the AFC U-20 Asian Cup, in 1973 and in 2008, with their best result being reaching the quarter-finals in the 1973 edition. In the 2021 WAFF U-18 Championship, the U18 team made history by becoming the first Lebanon men's national team to reach a final, losing to hosts Iraq on penalty-shootouts. They also participate in the Arab Cup U-20 and Jeux de la Francophonie, failing to go past the group stage in both competitions.

Notable former under-20 players include Nour Mansour, Rabih Ataya, and Mohamad Haidar, who all went on to play for the senior side.

Competitive record

FIFA U-20 World Cup

AFC U-20 Asian Cup

Arab Cup U-20

WAFF U-18 Championship

Mediterranean Games

Jeux de la Francophonie

Recent results and matches

2023

Players
The following players were called up for the 2023 Jeux de la Francophonie.

See also
 Lebanon national football team
 Lebanon national under-23 football team
 Lebanon national under-17 football team
 Lebanon women's national under-20 football team
 Football in Lebanon

References

U20
Asian national under-20 association football teams
Youth football in Lebanon


Eric Rhode (born 10 May 1934) is a British writer on traditional cosmology and psychoanalysis.

Life and work
After Rhode had worked as a critic, author and broadcaster on film and the arts, he undertook a personal psychoanalysis with Donald Meltzer and trained as a child psychotherapist at the Tavistock Clinic under Martha Harris. His later work addresses the interface between the structures discernible in dreams, children's play, aesthetics, ethnographic ritual, and philosophy.

As an undergraduate, Rhode directed plays at the Edinburgh festival; his own early play – The Pagoda Fugue - was aired on BBC Radio. His writing on film appeared in Sight and Sound, The Listener, Encounter, The Observer; he wrote on literature and art for New Statesman and The Financial Times, and on psychoanalytic topics for  New Society and The Times Literary Supplement. During this period, Rhode wrote Tower of Babel (a collection of writing on the cinema) and also The History of the Cinema from its origins to 1970 for Penguin Books. He edited A game that must be lost, the posthumous papers by Adrian Stokes on psychoanalysis and art, and hosted a 70-minute programme on Adrian Stokes for BBC Radio 3.

After qualifying as a child psychotherapist, Rhode worked in the National Health Service at Paddington Green Child Guidance Clinic and in private practice, and studied with Kleinian psychoanalysts including Wilfred Bion. His first book on psychoanalysis was Of Birth and Madness, a London Times Book of the Week. It arose out of interviews he conducted in an inpatient unit for mothers with post-partum psychosis and their babies, but also addressed the historical and cultural evolution of attitudes towards pregnancy and childbirth and the psychiatric theories they inspired. His later books extend into aspects of traditional cosmology. He is married to the child psychotherapist Maria Rhode and lives in London.

Bibliography
Eric Rhode (1967) Tower of Babel. Chilton Books, 1967
Eric Rhode (1976) A History of the Cinema from Its Origins to 1970. Allen Lane.
Eric Rhode (1987) On Birth & Madness. Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd.
Eric Rhode (1990) The Generations of Adam.'. Free Association Books.
Eric Rhode (1994) Psychotic Metaphysics. Karnac Books.
Eric Rhode (1998) On Hallucination, Intuition, and the Becoming of "O". Esf.
Eric Rhode (2003) Plato's Silence. Apex One.
Eric Rhode (2003) Notes on the Aniconic. Apex One.
Eric Rhode (2008) Axis Mundi. Apex One.
Eric Rhode (2015) On Revelation''. Apex One.

External links
 Eric Rhode, Eric's web page. NOW DEFUNCT.

1934 births
Living people
BBC people
British film critics
English film critics
British psychoanalysts
Analysands of Donald Meltzer


Pierre Moussa (born 24 July 1941) is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Commission of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa since 2012. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Planning from 1979 to 1991; later, he was Minister of Spatial Planning from 1997 to 2002, Minister of Planning from 2002 to 2009, and Minister of State for the Economy and Planning from 2009 to 2012.

Political career
Moussa was born in Owando, located in northern Congo-Brazzaville. He was appointed as Secretary-General of Planning in 1978. Under President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Moussa was promoted to the government as Minister of Planning in 1979, and in the same year he joined the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). On the PCT Central Committee, he was designated as Secretary for Planning and the Economy in 1984, and on 21 August 1987 his ministerial portfolio was modified when he was appointed as Minister of Planning and Finance. Considered "the regime's economist", Moussa joined the PCT Political Bureau in 1989 and was assigned responsibility for planning and the economy; he was also promoted to the rank of Minister of State for Planning and the Economy in the government named on 13 August 1989. He remained Minister of State for Planning and the Economy until 1991.

After Sassou Nguesso returned to power in the June–October 1997 civil war, he appointed Moussa to the government as Minister of Spatial Planning and Regional Development on 2 November 1997. In the May–June 2002 parliamentary election, he was elected to the National Assembly as the PCT candidate in the first constituency of Owando; he won the seat in the first round with 54.53% of the vote. Following the election, his portfolio was modified and he was named Minister of Planning, Spatial Planning, and Economic Integration on 18 August 2002. He was later promoted to the rank of Minister of State for Planning, Spatial Planning, Economic Integration, and NEPAD on 7 January 2005.

In the June–August 2007 parliamentary election, Moussa was again elected to the National Assembly as the PCT candidate in Owando's first constituency; he won the seat in the first round with 99.94% of the vote. Following the election, he was retained as Minister of State for Planning and Spatial Planning in the government named on 30 December 2007. After Sassou Nguesso won another term in the July 2009 presidential election, he re-organized the government, designating four ministers as coordinators of broad areas of government policy on 15 September 2009; Moussa, as one of the four, was assigned to coordinate economic matters in the government, and he was on the same occasion appointed as Minister of State for the Economy, Planning, Spatial Planning, and Integration.

At the PCT's Sixth Extraordinary Congress, held in July 2011, Moussa was elected to the PCT's 51-member Political Bureau. A year later, Moussa was designated as President of the Commission of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC), with a five-year term, at the 11th Summit of CEMAC Heads of State, held in July 2012 at Brazzaville. He was sworn in as President of the CEMAC Commission on 28 August 2012. At a meeting of CEMAC leaders in February 2017, it was decided that Moussa would be replaced by Daniel Ona Ondo of Gabon.

References

Members of the National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)
Government ministers of the Republic of the Congo
Congolese Party of Labour politicians
Living people
1941 births
People from Cuvette Department
20th-century Republic of the Congo politicians
21st-century Republic of the Congo politicians


Charles Exbrayat (5 May 1906 – 8 March 1989) was a French fiction writer.  He published over 100 novels and short stories, most of them humorous thrillers. They were very popular and a considerable number were turned into films.

While living in Nice with his parents, he was studying to becoming a medical doctor, but then found his true calling as a writer.

His debut novel was Aller sans Retour (single fare, no return), written while in Geneva, before going to Paris. He was one of the most famous French authors of the illustrious "le Masque" collection. He wrote a number of novels set in Scotland (Imogene series) and in Italy. His other interests included gourmet food and fine wines.

Bibliography

Imogène Collection
 Ne vous fâchez pas, Imogène!, Le Masque (1959)
 Imogène est de retour, Le Masque (1960)
 Encore vous, Imogène?, Le Masque (1962)
 Imogène, vous êtes impossible!, Le Masque (1963)
 Notre Imogène, Le Masque (1969)
 Les Fiançailles d'Imogène, Le Masque (1971)
 Imogène et la veuve blanche, Le Masque (1975)

Tarchinini Collection
 Chewing-gum et spaghetti, Le Masque (1960)
 Le Plus Beau des bersagliers, Le Masque (1962)
 Chianti et Coca-Cola, Le Masque (1966)
 Le Quintette de Bergame, Le Masque (1967)
 Ces sacrées Florentines, Le Masque (1969)
 La Belle Véronaise, Le Masque (1972)
 Des amours compliquées, Le Masque (1976)
 Mets tes pantoufles, Roméo, Le Masque (1983)

Other books
 Elle avait trop de mémoire, Le Masque (1957)
 La nuit de Santa Cruz, Le Masque (1957)
 Vous souvenez-vous de Paco?, Le Masque (1958)
 Ce mort que nul n'aimait, Le Masque (1958)
 L'inspecteur mourra seul, Le Masque (1959)
 Cet imbécile de Ludovic, Le Masque (1960)
 Amour et sparadrap, Le Masque (1960)
 Aimez-vous la pizza?, Le Masque (1960)
 Avanti, la mùsica!, Le Masque (1961)
 Des demoiselles imprudentes, Le Masque (1961)
 Les Blondes et Papa, Le Masque (1961)
 Méfie-toi, Gône!, Le Masque (1961)
 Le Quadrille de Bologne, Le Masque (1961)
 Dors tranquille, Katherine, Le Masque (1962)
 Une ravissante idiote, Espionnage 2e série (1962)
 Le temps se gâte à Zakopane, Espionnage 2e série (1962)
 Espion, où es-tu? M'entends-tu?, Espionnage 2e série (1962)
 Olé !... Torero!, Le Masque (1963)
 Les Filles de Folignazzaro, Le Masque (1963)
 Quel gâchis, inspecteur!, Le Masque (1963)
 Les Douceurs provinciales, Le Masque (1963)
 Et qu'ça saute !, Le Masque (1963)
 On se reverra, petite!, Le Masque (1964)
 La Honte de la famille, Le Masque (1964)
 Les Messieurs de Delft, Le Masque (1964)
 Barthélemy et sa colère, Le Masque (1964)
 Vous manquez de tenue, Archibald!, Le Masque (1965)
 Le colonel est retourné chez lui, Le Masque (1965)
 Une petite morte de rien du tout, Le Masque (1965)
 Joyeux Noël, Tony, Service secret (1964)
 Mandolines et barbouzes, Service secret (1965)
 Les Dames du Creusot, Le Masque (1966)
 Plaies et bosses, Le Masque (1966)
 Le Voyage inutile, Le Masque (1966)
 Une brune aux yeux bleus, Le Masque (1966)
 Le Dernier des salauds, Le Masque (1967)
 Mortimer !... Comment osez-vous?, Le Masque (1967)
 La route est longue, Jessica, Éditions Rombaldi, coll. Romans - La Redoute (1968)
 «Au Trois Cassoulets», Le Masque (1971)
 C'est pas dieu possible Le Livre de Paris, Paris (1974)
 Le clan Morembert Livre de poche (1975)
 Pour ses beaux yeux Livre de poche (1975)
 Un matin, elle s'en alla, Edition Librairie générale française, coll. Le Livre de poche, Paris (1976)
 Ton amour et ma jeunesse Librairie des Champs-Elysées (1977)
 Chant funebre pour un gitan Le Masque (1978)
 Jules Matrat, Edition Librairie générale française, coll. Le Livre de poche, Paris (1979)
 Pour Belinda Librairie des Champs-Elysées (1979)
 Le château des amours mortes, Le Masque (1608), Paris (1980)
 La Lumière du matin, Le Livre de poche, Paris (1982)
 " Pouquoi tuer le pépé", le club des masques, Paris (1982)
 Le Château vert, Éditions J'ai lu, coll. J'ai lu, Paris (1987)
 Ceux de la forêt, Éditions J'ai lu, coll. J'ai lu, Paris (1988)
 Tu n'aurais pas, Margueritte Librairie des Champs-Elysées (1988)
 Félicité de la croix-rousse Librairie des Champs-Elysées (1989)
 Mademoiselle Évelyne, suivi de Les Amoureux du Ribatejo, Bayard, coll. Bonne soirée (1997)
 La Désirade
 Les soleils de l'automne

Selected filmography
 The Midnight Sun (1943)
 The Island of Love (1944)
 The Woman I Murdered (1948)
 Five Red Tulips (1949)
 Sending of Flowers (1950)
 Maria of the End of the World (1951)
 The Lovers of Marianne (1953)

Overs
To honor writers who specialized in detective stories, the city of Saint-Étienne created a special prize to be attributed during their book festival and called it the Charles Exbrayat Prize.

External links

1906 births
1989 deaths
Writers from Saint-Étienne
French crime fiction writers
20th-century French novelists
Prix Maison de la Presse winners
French male screenwriters
20th-century French screenwriters
French male novelists
French Resistance members
20th-century French male writers


Just Macbeth is an adaptation of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth. It was written by Australian children’s author Andy Griffiths and produced by Bell Shakespeare as well as being released as a book.

Cast

 Patrick Brammall as Andy
 Justin Smith as Danny
 Pippa Grandison as Lisa

Storyline
For the basic plotline, see Macbeth.

Andy, Lisa and Danny are practicing a scene from Macbeth. They make a potion with all three of them then drinking the potion, which sends them into the Macbeth play. After a battle Andy and Danny walk and find three witches, who tell them that Macbeth is going to be Thane of Cawdor and Banquo's children will be king before disappearing. Andy and Danny then realized that they are in Macbeth, Andy is Macbeth and Danny is Banquo. Lennox then comes in and tells them that King Duncan would be arriving at Macbeth’s castle to celebrate and he would be staying the night there. Macbeth goes back to his castle where he finds that Lisa is Lady Macbeth. King Duncan and Lennox then arrive at their castle and celebrate their victory. Lisa tells Andy to kill the king. When Andy goes out to kill King Duncan he meets Danny and his son Fleance. Andy kills the king in his sleep. Everyone is shocked to hear that the king has been killed. Because Duncan's son is away, Macbeth was decided to be king. Andy becomes increasingly suspicious of Danny and the witch’s prophecy. He orders two assassins to kill  Danny and Fleance. They succeed in killing Danny but Fleance escapes. At the banquet, Danny's ghost haunts Macbeth, who runs away from the ghost in fear. The others who can't see the ghost think Macbeth is going mad. Macbeth then goes to visit the witches again. The witches summon some spirits who tell him that no man born of a woman can kill him. Andy thinks everybody is born from a woman, and that no one can kill him and that he will never be overthrown. He orders many people to be killed by his invention: mash and pulverizing machine. A doctor and a nurse tell Andy that Lisa has gone mad and sleepwalks. Andy becomes increasingly guilty of what he has done. A guard then tells Andy that Lisa died and that an army of gnomes are attacking from England. Still convinced that no one can kill him, he fights the gnomes. MacDuff then fights Macbeth. MacDuff tells Andy that he was not born of a woman because "from his mother's womb he was untimely ripped" right before cutting Andy's head off. It is then revealed that the entire play was Andy, Danny and Lisa’s version of Macbeth.

Book and film
Just Macbeth! was released as a book in June 2009. It contains pictures by Terry Denton, like it happens with the other books of the series. Several things were changed from the play, for example: the King sings a generic song, and Happy Tree Friends is changed to "Axe Wielding, Blood-Sucking Freaks".

Self-references
All six Just! books are mentioned or quoted, and on page 66, there's all the weird creatures from the front covers of them.
Just Tricking!:
Just Annoying!: Wish You Weren’t Here; Garden Gnomes
Just Stupid!: Busting; Runaway Pram; Food Fight; Chubby Bubbies
Just Crazy!: Bandaid; A Crazy, Bad, Dumb, Bad, Bad, Dumb, Crazy, Bad Idea; Kittens, Puppies and Ponies
Just Disgusting!:Brussel Sprouts; Go to Bed (book only); Two Brown Blobs; Shut Up!; The Story of the Very Stupid Boy and the Very Big Slug
Just Shocking!: 101 Dangerous Things

The Bad Book is also mentioned on page 197, saying to look at all of the pages in the book to find out more about 'the bottom of the barrel'.

Cultural references
The play is an adaptation of the popular play Macbeth by William Shakespeare.
Some of Shakespeare’s other plays (particularly Hamlet) are mentioned.
Macbeth being cursed is brought up at the start of the play and later on when Danny visits Andy as an Angel.
Wizz Fizz is mentioned several times.
Danny told Andy he learned to fight from watching the film Kill Bill.
When Andy and Danny are running across a field after the battle, a McDonald's sign is seen in the background.
When Lisa says "Thank God you're here", Andy replies "Hey, it's just like that show!"
King Duncan sings "Freak Like Me" in a karaoke match. (Stage adaptation only)
After King Duncan is murdered, the Psycho "Shower Scene" music and scream is heard.
Lisa states that Andy watches Happy Tree Friends. (Stage adaptation only)
The spirits that tell Macbeth to beware of MacDuff and that no man born of a woman can kill him are Lisa Simpson and Yoda.
In one scene, Andy mentions the Australian children's music group The Wiggles as people he wants to kill.

External links

 Andy Griffiths site at Macmillan.com
 About Just Macbeth!
 Adapting Macbeth to Just Macbeth

Works by Andy Griffiths
Plays and musicals based on Macbeth
Australian plays
Novels based on plays
2009 children's books
Australian children's books


Sleepless Nights and City Lights is a live compilation album and DVD by Australian metalcore band I Killed the Prom Queen, released through Stomp Entertainment on 22 November 2008. The album featured the first live tracks released by I Killed the Prom Queen, excluding the bonus tracks available on the tour edition of Music for the Recently Deceased.

The DVD features the band in front of their hometown crowd at the HQ's in Adelaide, during their final tour, the 2008 Say Goodbye Tour. They performed songs from all of their releases, with the tour bringing the return of former vocalist Michael Crafter. The DVD contains interviews with each band member, discussing their experiences within I Killed the Prom Queen and the possibility of a return. The initial pressing of the DVD came with a live CD recorded at the Hifi Bar in Melbourne and a tour laminate. The original release of the DVD was set for a September release, but was delayed, then was set for an 8 November release, but once again it was delayed due to classification issues. The album was eventually released on 22 November 2008 and 17 March 2009 in the U.S.It is rated MA15+ for Alcohol Abuse.

Track listing

Personnel
I Killed the Prom Queen
Michael Crafter – lead vocals
Jona Weinhofen – lead guitar, clean vocals
Kevin Cameron – rhythm guitar
Sean Kennedy – bass
JJ Peters – drums

Additional
Tim Bates – mixing
Roman Koester – mixing
Joe Whyte – cover art

Charts

References

I Killed the Prom Queen albums
2008 compilation albums
2008 live albums
2008 video albums
Live video albums


Aleksandr Sergeyevich Sergeyev (28 August 1897, Serpukhov – 24 January 1970, Moscow) was a Russian chess master.

He won the Moscow City Chess Championship in 1925. In other editions of the same event, he tied for 3rd-5th in 1922/23 (Nikolai Grigoriev won), took 6th in 1924 (Grigoriev won), took 7th in 1926 (Abram Rabinovich won), tied for 5-6th in 1927 (Nikolai Zubarev, won), tied for 3rd-4th in 1928 (Boris Verlinsky won), took 17th in 1930 (Zubarev won), took 19th in 1933/34 (Nikolai Riumin won), and tied for 10-12th in 1935 (Riumin won).

Participating on three occasions at the USSR Chess Championship, he tied for 16-17th at Moscow 1924 (Efim Bogoljubow won), tied for 9-10th at Leningrad 1925 (Bogoljubow won), and took 13th at Moscow 1927 (Fedor Bogatyrchuk and Peter Romanovsky won).

References

External links

1897 births
1970 deaths
Russian chess players
20th-century chess players


David Samuel Pearson (4 August 1937 – 19 July 2008), commonly known as "Dave Pearson", was an English painter and educator who was "a great example of an artist whose life was completely dedicated to serving the imagination". Highly prolific, throughout his life he produced a prodigious quantity of work.

Life
Dave Pearson was born in Clapton, London in 1937. His father, Sam, was a tailor and his mother Ann went on, in later life, to become a prolific self-taught artist. Pearson was evacuated to Leicester at the age of 7, and later attended Parmiter's Grammar School in Bethnal Green.

He went on to study painting at both Saint Martin's School of Art and the Royal Academy Schools. In 1963 he began teaching at Preston School of Art but soon moved to Manchester School of Art where he remained until his retirement in 2002. He lived and kept a studio in Haslingden, Rossendale, as well as at Globe Arts, also in Rossendale. Although he exhibited, notably at the Bluecoat Gallery, Liverpool; the Serpentine Gallery, London; the Ikon Gallery, Birmingham; and Chester Arts Centre, he worked obsessively, apparently oblivious to the wider art world.

Work

In 1959 Dave Pearson exhibited as part of the Young Contemporaries exhibition in London, and followed this with an exhibition Astronauts at the New Arts Centre.

Shortly after his move to Manchester his work was based on the work of Van Gogh, having been inspired by seeing Lust for Life. He filled his house and studio with larger-than-life installations, including The Potato Eaters and The (Van Gogh) Bedroom. He then produced a series of nearly 400 drawings and paintings based on the Book of Revelation. By the 1980s he was working on another large series of drawings, drypoints and paintings based on English Calendar Customs and, later, a series based on the Abbots Bromley Horn Dance – In the Seven Woods.

Inspired by the Yeats poem Sailing to Byzantium, throughout the 1990s Dave produced an enormous body of work and staged a series of ambitious one person shows in the north of England with paintings specially created to fit the dimensions of each space. At the Bede Gallery, Jarrow, where the space was not quite big enough, he covered the floor with mirrors so he could use every inch of the ceiling. Byzantium and Jerusalem Part One, in which he filled the Holden Gallery in Manchester quite literally floor to ceiling, followed in 1997, described as "reminiscent more of an ancient mediterranean orthodox monastery than what one expects to encounter in an art gallery".

As well as literary sources, other themes for his work have included Palmers Yard and the Jarrow March, war memorials, mediaeval bestiaries, ancient sites in Orkney and latterly his own illness and mortality. Throughout his life he continued to exhibit in the UK and Europe.

During his life he produced well over 13,000 pieces of work. Adrian Henri, in Environments and Happenings noted his obsessional quality, and went on to describe Dave (in 1974) as "one of the most exciting new artists around".

The estate was inherited by Dave Pearson's son Christopher, who made over the artwork to a trust, the Dave Pearson Trust. The estate was returned to Christopher Pearson in 2018.

Teaching

For much of his working life Pearson was a lecturer, and later Senior Lecturer, in the Department of Fine Arts at Manchester Metropolitan University, 1964–2002. As an artist he was unusually productive and passionate, and he encouraged and nurtured these qualities in his students throughout his long teaching career. As the painter Stuart Bradshaw commented "Dave the teacher was much less of a teacher than Dave the artist." If Pearson was a great exemplar of what an artist is, he was also no respecter of budgets, bureaucracy or limitations of any kind and was renowned for his ability to use a whole year's worth of course materials in a week-long project.

Posthumous developments
The Dave Pearson Trust rescued Pearson's studio in Haslingden, which was left on his death in a dilapidated and semi-ruined condition. The Trust has subsequently catalogued the enormous body of work, holding occasional exhibitions both at the restored studio and galleries, which has helped develop a wider interest in the artist. In September 2011 a film, To Byzantium, directed by the film-maker Derek Smith, was released that shows a group of friends rescuing the artist's work and describing the development of his work. In November 2010 the film was shown in the UK on the Community Channel, and submitted to the New York City Film Festivals World's Best Television and film, and the Sheffield Documentary Festival.

As a result of this, and the involvement of the critic, writer and poet, Edward Lucie-Smith, there was a large exhibition of Pearson's work at the Bermondsey Project gallery in London, in April/May 2012. Several other exhibitions have followed from this, and another large-scale exhibition at the Turnpike Gallery, Leigh, in Summer 2018 that showed work originally hung in the same space in 1994.

In 2009 the Trust completed its cataloguing of the artist's work and started operating as The Dave Pearson Studio.

Public Collections
 Victoria Gallery & Museum, Liverpool (3 works)
 Royal Blackburn Hospital
 The Museum of English Rural Life (6 works)

References

Other sources

An Artist's Estate; a blog on managing Pearson's artwork
Web gallery

1937 births
2008 deaths
Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
Academics of Manchester Metropolitan University
20th-century English painters
English male painters
21st-century English painters
Modern painters
People educated at Parmiter's School, London
20th-century English male artists
21st-century English male artists


Thomas Sparke was the only medieval incumbent of the office of Bishop of Berwick in England. Previously Prior of Lindisfarne and Prebendary at Durham Cathedral, he was consecrated by Edward Lee, Archbishop of York, in 1536 and continued in post until his death in 1572.

References

16th-century Church of England bishops
Anglican suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Durham
1571 deaths
Year of birth unknown


Rowing was part of the 2007 All-Africa Games competition schedule.

Results

Men

Women

References
Sports123

Rowing at the African Games
2007 All-Africa Games
2007 in rowing
Rowing competitions in Algeria


is a song Yū Aku and Shunichi Tokura wrote for Japanese idol duo Pink Lady. It was released as the group's second single in November 1976, and became their first number-one hit on the Japanese Oricon singles chart in the following year.

"S.O.S." features Morse code which stands for the song title at the opening of the song. Because its sound effect might be mistaken for genuine Morse code, the intro of the track was omitted occasionally during radio airplay. The song has been one of favorites for both the duo and the fans, and it is also one of the essential songs performed in their concerts.

Reception
Led by commercial success of its predecessor "Pepper Keibu" which reached the number-4 on the Japanese Oricon chart, "S.O.S" climbed the top of the country's hit parade three months after its release. The single remained on the chart for 38 weeks, selling approximately 650,000 copies. According to the record label Victor, "S.O.S." has sold in excess of 1.2 million units to date.

According to Oricon it was the eighth best selling single from 1977.

A re-recorded version of the song was included on the two-disc greatest hits release, INNOVATION, released in December 2010.

Track listing (7" vinyl)
All lyrics are written by Yū Aku; all music is composed and arranged by Shunichi Tokura.

Chart positions

Covers
 Cantopop singer Sandra Lang covered the song as "Rìyè péibàn nǐ" (日夜陪伴你, lit. "Accompanying You Day and Night") in her 1980 album Fēngyún.
 Kyōko Koizumi covered the song in her 1988 album Natsumelo.
 The song was performed live by Chisato Moritaka as part of her Pink Lady Medley in the concert video Moritaka Land Tour 1990.3.3 at NHK Hall, released on Blu-ray in 2013.
 American power pop band Jellyfish covered the song in two live performances on their 1993 Spilt Milk tour, which is part of their 2002 boxed set Fan Club. It was also included in the 2015 reissue of their 1993 album Spilt Milk.
 Girl group MAX covered the song for the 1997 Yū Aku tribute album VELFARRE J-POP NIGHT presents DANCE with YOU.
 Yuki Watanabe and Maria Yamamoto covered the song in episode 6 of the 1998 anime His & Her Circumstances.
 Megumi Toyoguchi, Motoko Kumai, Ayako Shiraishi, and Kyousei Tsukui covered the song as the opening theme for episodes 1-13 of the 1998 anime Alice SOS. Toyoguchi and Haruna Ikezawa recorded the song for episode 14 of the series.
 Trasparenza covered the song in their 2002 album Pink Lady Euro Tracks.
 Chiemi Hori and Tooru Yamazaki recorded a cover version for the 2009 Pink Lady/Yū Aku tribute album Bad Friends.
 The song is used as the ending theme in episode 17 of the anime series Gun Sword, covered by Kikuko Inoue, Houko Kuwashima, Satsuki Yukino, and Saeko Chiba.
 The tribute group Pink Babies covered the song in their "Nagisa no Sindbad" Type-C single in 2016. Their version of "Pink no Ringo" is included in the Type-B release of the single.
 Heavy metal cover band Natsumetal covered the song in their 2020 self-titled debut album.

References

External links

1976 singles
1976 songs
Pink Lady (band) songs
Japanese-language songs
Disco songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Songs with lyrics by Yū Aku
Songs with music by Shunichi Tokura
Victor Entertainment singles


Husslin' is an EP by Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall, released independently on April 11, 2000, on Figure IV Entertainment, and distributed by Fat Beats Records in the United States. The title track, "Husslin'", was one of the hottest 12" singles of 2000. "And What?", featuring Saukrates, was released as a single in 1999. "Husslin'" and "Mic T.H.U.G.S." also appear on Kardinal's second studio album, Quest for Fire: Firestarter, Vol. 1. An updated version of "U R Ghetto When", known as "U R Ghetto 2002", is on the Quest for Fire album.

Reception

AllMusic stated "Husslin' offers just a peek of the best that Canadian hip-hop has to offer," also praising Kardinal as "Canada's best hip-hop producer." The EP was nominated for Best Rap Recording at the 2001 Juno Awards.

Track listing

Samples
"Mic T.H.U.G.S." contains a sample of "Eazy-Duz-It" by Eazy-E
"U R Ghetto When" contains a sample of "Elegant Evening" by The Crusaders

References

2000 debut EPs
Kardinal Offishall albums
Albums produced by Kardinal Offishall
Albums produced by Saukrates
Fat Beats Records EPs
Hip hop EPs


The Rietvlei dam is an earth-fill type dam and  is one of a number of dams supplying water to the Pretoria region of South Africa. It supplies around 41 million liters of drinking water daily, about 5.9% of the water requirement of Pretoria. The dam mainly serves for municipal and industrial use. Its hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

Constructed as an earth-fill dam wall with a brick core in 1932/4, it was extended between 1988 and 1990 by raising the dam wall with the addition of a concrete wave wall and a reinforced earth barrier wall, as well as a surfaced roadway, on top of the original wall.

The dam is fed by the Rietvlei, a river of the Crocodile River (Limpopo) basin, as well as by five fountains and five boreholes.

The Rietvlei Nature Reserve occupies the area immediately surrounding the dam.

See also
 Rietvlei Nature Reserve

References

External links
Ecological State of the Major Rivers and Streams within the Northern Service Delivery Region of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
Rietvlei Dam - A fishing guide

Dams completed in 1934
Dams in South Africa
Crocodile River (Limpopo)
1934 establishments in South Africa


George Jay Gogue ( ; born 1947) is an American educator and 20th President of Auburn University, a position he held from 2007 until his retirement in July 2017 and again in 2019.

Biography
Jay Gogue was born in Waycross, Georgia, U.S. He graduated from Auburn University with a bachelor's degree in 1969, and a Master's degree in 1971. In 1973, he received a PhD in horticulture from Michigan State University.

From 1973 to 1976, he worked for the National Park Service. He also worked as a U.S. army reserve officer. In 1986, he was appointed as associate director of the Office of University Research at Clemson University in South Carolina. He also was vice-president for research and vice-president and vice-provost for agriculture and natural resources at Clemson from 1988 to 1995. From 1995 to 2000, he was Provost of Utah State University. He was President of New Mexico State University from 2000 to 2003. He also had a dual role as chancellor of the University of Houston System and president of the University of Houston from 2003 to 2007. From 2007 to July 2017, he was president of Auburn University.

Gogue's annual salary in 2013 was $2.5 million, making him the second-highest paid president of a public college in America.

In October 2012 Gogue was elected to the Alabama Academy of Honor by its members. The academy is Alabama's highest honor.

References

Living people
People from Waycross, Georgia
Auburn University alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Utah State University people
Presidents of New Mexico State University
Chancellors of the University of Houston System
Presidents of the University of Houston
Presidents of Auburn University
Clemson University faculty
1947 births
National Park Service personnel


Winter in the Woods () is a 1956 German drama film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Claus Holm. It is a remake of the 1936 film Winter in the Woods. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Paul Markwitz and Fritz Maurischat. Location shooting took place at Viechtach in Bavaria.

Cast

References

Bibliography

External links

1956 films
1956 drama films
German drama films
West German films
1950s German-language films
Films directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner
Films set in Bavaria
Films shot in Bavaria
Films set in forests
Remakes of German films
1950s German films


Aidyn Akanuly Aimbetov (, Aidyn Aqanūly Aiymbetov; , born 27 July 1972) is a Kazakh cosmonaut.

Family
Aimbetov is married and has three children, two daughters and a son.

Military career
Aimbetov graduated from Kutakhov Armavir Higher Military Aviation School and became a military pilot, having enrolled after secondary school. He served at Lugovaya and Taldykorgan, flying MiG-27 and Su-27 fighters.

Cosmonaut career
Aimbetov was selected to the first Kazakh cosmonaut class in 2002, along with Mukhtar Aimakhanov, out of a pool of 2,000 candidates. From 2003 to 2009, he trained in Russia as a cosmonaut at Star City. He returned to Astana, in Kazakhstan, after failing to secure a spaceflight. He had been scheduled to fly in autumn 2009, but due to the world financial crisis, this fell through. Aimakhanov remained in Russia, becoming a Russian citizen, making Aimbetov the sole Kazakhstani cosmonaut. After returning, Aimbetov stayed in the JSC (national center of space research and technologies) of the National Space Agency (NSA) of Kazakhstan. He founded the Institute for Space Development to promote the space industry in Kazakhstan. He started the Young Cosmonauts School in the Astana Pupil's Palace in 2012. He was still flight ready in April 2015.

In June 2015, he was selected to fly on the Soyuz TMA-18M mission in place of singer Sarah Brightman who had withdrawn in May 2015, and her backup, Satoshi Takamatsu, who had also withdrawn. The mission was projected to launch to the International Space Station on 1 September 2015. Aimbetov becomes the third Kazakh-born cosmonaut to fly since Kazakhstan's independence in 1991, and the first to fly under the Kazakh flag, and as part of KazCosmos. Aimbetov had originally been projected to fly on a 2017 launch. Serving as Aimbetov's backup on the mission was Roscosmos cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev. On 2 September 2015, Aimbetov launched from Baikonour, Kazakhstan, aboard Soyuz TMA-18M, along with rookie astronaut Andreas Mogensen and capsule commander cosmonaut Sergey Volkov. On 11 September 2015, Aimbetov returned from his 10-day mission to the International Space Station, and touched down on the Kazakhstan Steppe, aboard Soyuz TMA-16M, along with fellow rookie astronaut Andreas Mogensen, whom he rode up with, and capsule commander cosmonaut Gennady Padalka who was returning from a stint on the station, having become the recordholder for most time in space.

References

External links

Spacefacts biography of Aydyn Aimbetov

1972 births
Living people
Kazakhstani cosmonauts
People from Almaty Region


The Department of Plant Sciences, at the University of Oxford, England, was a former Oxford department that researched plant and fungal biology. It was part of the university's Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division. From 1 August 2022 its functionality merged with the Department of Zoology to become the Department of Biology at the University of Oxford.

Herbaria
The department housed the Oxford University Herbaria that consists of two herbaria:

 Fielding-Druce Herbarium.
 Daubeny Herbarium.

In total the collections contain 800,000 specimens and benefits from close links with the university's Oxford Botanic Garden. The herbaria are now housed under the title of Department of Biology.

History
Forestry was an important part of the university under the name of the Imperial Forestry Institute, from 1924; later the Commonwealth Forestry Institute from 1939. The Oxford Forestry Institute was incorporated into the Department of Plant Sciences in 2002, and research relating to forestry was undertaken under that name until 2022 when the department merged with the Department of Zoology to form the Department of Biology. Some students were Imperial Forest Service students, who came from many parts of the British Empire to qualify as foresters before they returned home. It ran a post graduate MSc forestry course for many years: Forestry and its Relation to Land Use, until 2002.

In January 2021, the Oxford City Council approved the £200m construction of the Life and Mind Building, which will be the university's largest building project and combine the Departments of Experimental Psychology and Biology. It will replace the Tinbergen Building on South Parks Road, which was closed and demolished when asbestos was discovered in 2017. The building will feature multiple laboratories, teaching and testing spaces providing research facilities for 800 students and 1200 researchers. Work is expected to start in June 2021, with the building opening in September 2024.

See also
 Department of Biology, University of Oxford
 University of Oxford Botanic Garden

References

Biology education in the United Kingdom
Oxford
Plant Sciences
Educational institutions with year of establishment missing


Mukhtar Rabatuly Aymakhanov (, Mūhtar Rabatūly Aimahanov; born 1 January 1967, in Zhosaly, Kazakhstan) is a Russian cosmonaut; he was originally a Kazakhstani cosmonaut.

Kazakh cosmonaut career
Aimakhanov and Aidyn Aimbetov were selected as the first class of Kazakh cosmonauts in 2002, for the Kazakhstan National Space Agency, KazCosmos. They trained at Star City as cosmonauts from 2003 to 2009, until the world financial crisis indefinitely postponed the prospective Kazakhstan mission.

The Kazakh mission finally took place in September 2015 aboard Soyuz TMA-18M after prospective Space tourist Sarah Brightman pulled out from the flight. Aimbetov flew with Russian cosmonaut Sergey Prokopyev as his backup since Aymakhanov had already left KazCosmos and joined Roscosmos by the time of the flight.

On December 28, 2022, he left the position of a test cosmonaut in the Roscosmos cosmonaut squad after the decision of the Main Medical Commission. He will continue to work at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center as a leading specialist in cosmonaut training.

Russian cosmonaut career
In 2012, to pursue his cosmonaut dreams, Aymakhanov became a Russian citizen, and gave up his Kazakhstani citizenship.

References

External links
Spacefacts biography of Mukhtar Aymakhanov

1967 births
Living people
Kazakhstani cosmonauts
Russian cosmonauts
Russian people of Kazakhstani descent
People from Kyzylorda Region


Six ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Opossum, after the opossum:

 was a  launched in 1808 and sold in 1819.
 was a Cherokee-class brig-sloop launched in 1821 and sold in 1841.
 was an  wooden screw gunboat launched in 1856. She became a hospital hulk in 1876, and a mooring vessel in 1891. She was renamed HMS Siren in 1895 and was sold in 1896.
 was a  launched in 1895 and sold in 1920.
 was a  sloop launched in 1944 and broken up in 1960.
 was an  launched in 1963 and broken up in 1996.

References

Royal Navy ship names


Federico Román (or: General Federico Román) is one of the five provinces of the Bolivian department of Pando and is situated in the department's northeastern parts. Its name honours General Federico Román.

Location
Federico Román province is located between 09° 41' and 10° 51' South and between 65° 17' and 66° 39' West. It extends over 150 km from North to South, and 200 km from West to East.

The province is situated in the Amazon lowlands of Bolivia and borders Abuná Province in the West, Manuripi Province in the Southwest, Beni Department in the Southeast, and Brazil in the East and North.

The border to Beni Department in the South forms Río Beni, to neighbouring Brazil Río Madeira in the East and Río Abuná in the North.

Population
The population of Federico Román Province has increased by more than 400% over the recent two decades:
1992: 1,516 inhabitants (census)
2001: 2,242 inhabitants (census)
2012: 7,034 inhabitants (census)

39.6% of the population are younger than 15 years old. (1992)

87.9% of the population speak Spanish, 3.1% speak Quechua, 1.2% Aymara, and 26.5 speak foreign languages (mainly  Portuguese, due to the nearness to Brazil) . (1992)

The literacy rate of the province's population is 72.6%. (1992)

83.1% of the population have no access to electricity, 59.1% have no sanitary facilities. (1992)

83.1% of the population are Catholics, 15.2% are Protestants. (1992)

Division
The province comprises three municipios:
 09-0501 Nueva Esperanza Municipality - 2,068 inhabitants (census 2012)
 09-0502 Villa Nueva Municipality - 3,275 inhabitants
 09-0503 Santos Mercado Municipality - 1,691 inhabitants

References

External links
General map of province
Detailed map of province towns and rivers
Population data (Spanish)
Social data (Spanish)

Provinces of Pando Department


Beloved Corinna ( and also known as Corinna Darling) is a 1956 German drama film directed by Eduard von Borsody and starring Elisabeth Müller. It was shot at the Pichelsberg Studios in West Berlin. The art director Gabriel Pellon worked on the film's sets.

Cast
 Elisabeth Müller as Corinna Stephan
 Hans Söhnker as Peter Mansfeld
 Hannelore Schroth as Dagmar Mansfeld
 Alexander Kerst as Dr. Suter
 Valéry Inkijinoff as Chin
 Klaus Kinski as Klaus Brockmann
 Annie Rosar as Frau Suter
 Wolfgang Gruner as Inspzient am Theater
 Panos Papadopulos as Longo
 Gerhard Bünte as Professor Hansen
 Silja Lesny
 Sigurd Lohde
 Ah Yue Lou as Suka (as Ah-Yue Lou)
 Nadira

References

External links

1956 films
1956 drama films
German black-and-white films
Films directed by Eduard von Borsody
Films set in Hamburg
Films set in Malaysia
Films with screenplays by Ernst von Salomon
German drama films
1950s German-language films
West German films
Films based on German novels
1950s German films


Lulsgate Aerodrome was a motor racing circuit at the former RAF Lulsgate Bottom airfield, which in 1957 subsequently became Bristol Airport. The airfield was turned into a racing circuit in 1949. Lulsgate hosted two race meetings, in 1949 and 1950. The circuit mainly hosted sports car events, however a Formula III race featured in both 1949 and 1950.

Circuit
The original track layout of Lulsgate Aerodrome was used in 1949. This layout was 1.9 miles (3.0 km) long. The circuit used the main runway and perimeter track of the airfield. The start/finish straight was located after the kink after North Corner on the runway. The layout of Lulsgate Aerodrome was changed for 1950. The circuit was lengthened to 2.1 miles (3.4 km). The new layout used more of the perimeter track of the airfield instead of the runways. This meant that the circuit featured a longer straight between Dundry Corner and The Hairpin (the only used on the circuit). The start/finish straight was also moved to between Partridge Bend and North corner.

References

Bibliography
Peter Swinger (2001). Motor Racing Circuits In England Then And Now. .

Motorsport venues in England
Wrington


Andrey Ivanovich Borisenko (; born 17 April 1964) is a Russian cosmonaut. He was selected as a cosmonaut in May 2003, and is a veteran of two long duration missions to the International Space Station.

Borisenko served as a flight engineer on board Soyuz TMA-21 for Expedition 27, the 27th long-duration mission to the International Space Station (ISS). He also served as the commander of the International Space Station for Expedition 28. He launched for the second time in October 2016 onboard Soyuz MS-02 as a flight engineer of Expedition 49 and Expedition 50. He returned to Earth in April 2017.

Personal life
Borisenko is married to Natalya Aleksandrovna Borisenko. They have a son, Ivan and a daughter. His parents, Ivan Andreevich and Natalya Mikhailovna Borisenko, reside in St Petersburg. His hobbies include fishing, badminton, and road trips.

In 2018, in an exposition on space at the Lycée International de Saint-Germain-en-Laye organised by the Russian Section, he lent his suit to participate in the exposition.

Education
Borisenko graduated from the Leningrad Physics and Mathematics School #30 in 1981. He then entered the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute and graduated in 1987 with the qualification "Flight and Control Dynamics".

Experience
Following graduation from the institute Borisenko worked for a military unit from 1987–1989. In 1989, he started working at RSC Energia where he was responsible for the Mir motion control system and took part in the Mission Control Center - Moscow (MCC-M) on board systems operation analysis board. In 1999, Borisenko was a shift flight director at the MCC-M, first for the Mir space station and then for the International Space Station (ISS).

Cosmonaut career

Borisenko was selected as a cosmonaut candidate from RSC Energia on 29 May 2003. He started basic spaceflight training in June 2003 and completed it in June 2005 by passing the state exams with excellent grades. He received qualification of test-cosmonaut on 5 July 2005 from the Interdepartmental Qualification Commission. From July 2005 to August 2008 he participated in advanced space flight training.

For his first assignment he was assigned as backup ISS flight engineer and Soyuz commander for Expedition 24/25, although due to crew rearrangements he was moved forward to the backup crew for ISS Expedition 23/24, training as backup ISS flight engineer and Commander and Soyuz flight engineer.

Expedition 27/28
Following the launch of ISS Expedition 23/24 on Soyuz TMA-18 in April 2010, Borisenko was released from his duties on the flight's backup crew and assigned to the prime crew of Expedition 27/28, as flight engineer on Expedition 27 and commander on Expedition 28. He and his two crewmates, Soyuz commander Aleksandr Samokutyayev of Roscosmos and NASA astronaut Ronald Garan, launched aboard Soyuz TMA-21  from the Baikonur Cosmodrome's Gagarin's Start launch pad, at 23:18:20 UTC on 4 April 2011. The launch of Soyuz TMA-21 was dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the first manned space flight by Yuri Gagarin performed in 1961. After 2 days of autonomous flight, the Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft docked with the International Space Station (ISS) on April 6 at 23:09 UTC, with the crew officially joining the crew of Expedition 27, alongside Russian commander Dmitri Kondratyev, NASA astronaut Catherine Coleman and Italian astronaut Paolo Nespoli.

On 22 May 2011 Kondratyev officially handed over command to Borisenko, with Expedition 27 officially ending with the departure of Soyuz TMA-20, carrying Kondratyev, Coleman and Nespoli back to Earth on 24 May 2011. The Expedition 28 crew would soon be joined by the crew of Soyuz TMA-02M, carrying Russian cosmonaut Sergey Volkov, JAXA astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and NASA astronaut Mike Fossum.

Borisenko concluded his stay aboard the ISS, when his spaceship, Soyuz TMA-21 undocked from the Russian segment's Poisk module at 00:38 UTC on September 16,. On the same day, the Soyuz TMA-21 capsule carrying Borisenko and his two crew mates, Alexander Samokutyaev and Ron Garan touched down (3:59:39 UTC) at 93 miles southeast of the city of Zhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. During the Soyuz re-entry, repeated calls to the spacecraft from the Russian Mission Control in Korolyov, near Moscow, went unanswered for several minutes. Communication was eventually established between the crew and a plane circling the landing site.

On the ground, Borisenko appeared to be in good spirits as he flashed up an enthusiastic "thumbs-up" signal shortly after he was pulled out of the Soyuz landing capsule. He and his colleagues were carried on their chairs to a makeshift inflatable hospital for further medical check ups. After attending the traditional greeting ceremony at the airport in Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Borisenko boarded a plane to return to the training base in Star City, Russia.

Expedition 49/50

Borisenko launched for a second time on 19 October 2016 aboard Soyuz MS-02 as Flight Engineer, launch was originally scheduled for 23 September although was delayed due to technical issues with the spacecraft.

Borisenko and his two crew mates, Roscosmos cosmonaut Sergey Ryzhikov and NASA astronaut Shane Kimbrough rendezvoused and docked to the ISS on the 21st of October following a two-day rendezvous, and officially joined the Expedition 49 alongside Russian commander Anatoly Ivanishin and flight engineers Takuya Onishi of JAXA and Kathleen Rubins of NASA. Due to month long launch delay Soyuz MS-02 faced, the hand over period was short, Expedition 49 ended on 30 October 2016 when Ivanishin, Onishi and Rubins returned to Earth aboard Soyuz MS-01, leaving the MS-02 trio on board the ISS as Expedition 50 with Kimbrough taking command.

The rest of the Expedition 50 crew joined Borisenko and his two crew mates on 19 November 2016 when Soyuz MS-03, carrying Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitsky, French astronaut Thomas Pesquet, and NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson docked to the station. During the Expedition the Russian Orbital Segment of the ISS was supposed to welcome the Progress MS-04 uncrewed resupply spacecraft, although the spacecraft failed to reach the ISS due to an issue with the Soyuz-U launch vehicle's third stage which shutdown sooner than intended. Progress flights quickly resumed during Expedition 50, with the launch of Progress MS-05 in February 2017.

Borisenko continued to work as a flight engineer with the Expedition 50 crew until 10 April 2017, when he, Ryzhikov and Kimbrough un-docked from the ISS, officially ending Expedition 50 and starting Expedition 51. The trio safely landed on the Kazakh Steppe less than five hours later, wrapping up a 173-day spaceflight and bringing Borisenko's total time in space to 337 days.

Film
In 2016, Borisenko and Mikhail Kornienko appeared as themselves in the comedy film Yolki 5.

References

External links

Astronaut.ru

1964 births
Living people
Russian cosmonauts
Commanders of the International Space Station
Heroes of the Russian Federation


Rietvlei Nature Reserve, located in southern Pretoria, is about  in size, and includes the entirety of the Rietvlei Dam which impounds the Rietvlei River, in Gauteng, South Africa. The reserve is wedged between the R21 highway (OR Tambo Airport highway) on the western side and the R50 (Delmas-Bapsfontein) road on the north-east. The mean elevation above sea level is approximately 1,525 meters, with the highest point at 1,542 m and the lowest at 1,473 m, the dam’s outflow in Sesmylspruit. The reserve covers a surface area of approximately 4,003 ha or 40 km2, of which the dam constitutes some 20ha. A network of roads criss-cross the entire area, which facilitates access to visitors and management.

Flora and fauna

Trees
Both indigenous and exotic species of trees can be found in the reserve.

 Indigenous

 Common hook thorn Acacia caffra
 Sweet thorn Acacia karroo
 Sagewood Buddleja salviifolia
 White stinkwood Celtis africana
 River bushwillow Combretum erythrophyllum
 Highveld cabbage tree Cussonia paniculata
 Sicklebush Dichrostachys cinerea
 Bushveld bluebush Diospyros lycioides
 Puzzle bush Ehretia rigida
 Blue guarri Euclea crispa
 Pioneer spike-thorn Gymnosporia buxifolia
 Honeyscented protea Protea welwitschii
 Dogwood Rhamnus prinoides
 Nana-berry Searsia dentata
 Grassveld currant Searsia discolor
 Karee Searsia lancea
 Rock currant Searsia magalismontana
 Common wild currant Searsia pyroides
 Blue currant Searsia zeyheri
 Buffalothorn Ziziphus mucronata

Exotic
 Green wattle Racosperma decurrens
 Black wattle Racosperma mearnsii
 Red river gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis
 Bluegum Eucalyptus sp.
 Privet Ligustrum sp.
 Mulberry Morus sp.
 Ink berry Phytolacca octandra
 Platanus Platanus sp.
 White poplar Populus alba
 Oak Quercus sp.
 Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia
 Weeping willow Salix babylonica

Birds
Some 404 species of bird utilize the reserve. Birds commonly encountered include colonies of southern masked-weaver, the invasive common myna and conspicuous pied crow, buffy pipit, blacksmith and crowned lapwing on short or burnt grassland, and Cape longclaw and rufous-naped lark in denser grassland or shrubby areas. Amur falcon and barn swallow occur annually in summer. Black-shouldered kite, spotted thick-knee, cattle egret, helmeted guineafowl, Swainson's spurfowl, African palm-swift, southern red bishop, anteating chat, stone chat, capped wheatear, fork-tailed drongo and pied starling are resident or regularly seen species. Some special or less commonly seen species are Alpine swift in winter, African yellow warbler in shrubs along the flood plain, great crested grebe and maccoa duck at the dams, African cuckoo hawk, Peregrine falcon, red-throated wryneck and orange-breasted waxbill.

Mammals
The reserve carries around 1,600 individual large mammals. Cheetah, blesbuck, black wildebeest, red hartebeest, eland, common zebra, waterbuck, reedbuck, springbuck, mountain reedbuck, steenbok, grey duiker, oribi, leopard, buffalo, and hippopotamus can all be found in the reserve. There are also 4 lionesses and 2 male lions kept in a separate enclosure on the reserve.  In October 2019, the Rietvlei lions were killed by poachers and since then, no lions have been kept at the reserve.

 Aardvark Orycteropus afer
 Aardwolf Proteles cristatus
 African buffalo Syncerus caffer
 African civet civettictis civetta
 African clawless otter Aonyx capensis
 African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides
 African striped weasel Poecilogale albinucha
 African yellow bat Scotophilus dinganii
 Angoni vlei rat Otomys angoniensis
 Black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas
 Black rat Rattus rattus
 Black wildebeest Connochaetes gnou
 Blasius's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus blasii
 Blesbuck Damaliscus dorcas phillpsi
 Brown hyena Parahyaena brunnea
 Bushpig Potamochoerus larvatus
 Bushveld horseshoe bat Rhinolophus simulator
 Cape genet Genetta tigrina
 Cape hare Lepus capensis
 Cape porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis
 Cape serotine Neoromicia capensis
 Caracal Caracal caracal
 Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus
 Chestnut climbing mouse Dendromus mystacalis
 Common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia
 Common eland Tragelaphus oryx
 Common genet Genetta genetta
 Common mole rat Cryptomys hottentotus
 Darling's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus darlingi
 Desert pygmy mouse Mus indutus
 Egyptian free-tailed bat Tadarida aegyptiaca
 Egyptian slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica
 Forest shrew Myosorex varius
 Four-striped grass mouse Rhabdomys pumilio
 Geoffroy's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus clivosus
 Gray climbing mouse Dendromus melanotis
 Greater cane rat Thryonomys swinderianus
 Greenish yellow bat Scotophilus viridis
 Ground pangolin Manis temminckii
 Hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus
 Highveld gerbil Gerbilliscus brantsii
 Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius
 House mouse Mus musculus
 Least dwarf shrew Suncus infinitesimus
 Leopard Panthera pardus
 Lesser dwarf shrew Suncus varilla
 Lesser gray-brown musk shrew Crocidura silacea
 Lesser red musk shrew Crocidura hirta
 Marsh mongoose Atilax paludinosus
 Mauritian tomb bat Taphozous mauritianus
 Meerkat Suricata suricatta
 Mohol bushbaby Galago moholi
 Mountain reedbuck Redunca fulvorufula
 Oribi Ourebia ourebi
 Plains zebra Equus quagga
 Reddish-gray musk shrew Crocidura cyanea
 Red rock rat Aethomys chrysophilus
 Rock hyrax Procavia capensis
 Rough-haired golden mole Chrysospalax villosus
 Scrub hare Lepus sexatilis
 Serval Leptailurus serval
 Slender mongoose Galerella sanguinea
 Southern African hedgehog Atelerix frontalis
 Southern multimammate mouse Mastomys coucha
 Southern reedbuck Redunca arundinum
 Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis
 Springhare Pedetes capensis
 Steenbok Raphicerus campestris
 Striped polecat Ictonyx striatus
 Swamp musk shrew Crocidura mariquensis
 Vervet monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus
 Vlei rat Otomys irroratus
 Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus
 White rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum
 White-tailed mongoose Ichneumia albicauda
 White-tailed rat Mystromys albicaudatus

Threats to the reserve
The reserve is situated in Gauteng, one of the highest population density areas in South Africa. As such it is constantly under threat by human expansion and development.
 The Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality's proposed Benoni landfill site.
 Upstream pollution of the Rietvlei Dam and wetland areas.

See also
 Rietvlei Dam
 Protected areas of South Africa

References

External links

 City of Tshwane page on Rietvlei
 Friends of Rietvlei

 Rietvlei Reserve Website and Guide Comprehensive Community Website and eGuide

Protected areas of Gauteng
Nature reserves in South Africa


Traditionally, born in the purple (sometimes "born to the purple") was a category of members of royal families born during the reign of their parent. This notion was later loosely expanded to include all children born of prominent or high-ranking parents. The parents must be prominent at the time of the child's birth so that the child is always in the spotlight and destined for a prominent role in life. A child born before the parents become prominent would not be "born in the purple". This color purple came to refer to Tyrian purple, restricted by law, custom, and the expense of creating it to royalty.

Porphyrogénnētos (), Latinized as Porphyrogenitus, was an honorific title in the Byzantine Empire given to a son, or daughter (, , Latinized Porphyrogenita), born after the father had become emperor.

Both imperial or Tyrian purple, a dye for cloth, and the purple stone porphyry were rare and expensive, and at times reserved for imperial use. In particular there was a room in the imperial Great Palace of Constantinople entirely lined with porphyry, where reigning empresses gave birth.

Porphyrogeniture

Porphyrogeniture is a system of political succession that favours the rights of sons born after their father has become king or emperor, over older siblings born before their father's ascent to the throne.

Examples of this practice include Byzantium and the Nupe Kingdom. In late 11th century England and Normandy, the theory of porphyrogeniture was used by Henry I of England to justify why he, and not his older brother Robert Curthose, should inherit the throne after the death of their brother William Rufus.

The concept of porphyrogénnētos (literally meaning "born in the purple") was known from the sixth century in connection with growing ideas of hereditary legitimacy, but the first secure use of the word is not found until 846. The term became common by the 10th century, particularly in connection with Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (), and its use continued into the Palaiologan period. Constantine VII described the ceremonies which took place during the birth of a porphyrogénnētos boy in his work De Ceremoniis aulae byzantinae.

Etymology

The Byzantines themselves ascribed it either to the fact that the child was born to parents bearing the imperial purple, or because the child was born in a special porphyry chamber in the Great Palace of Constantinople. As the porphyrogennētē 12th-century princess Anna Komnene described it, the room, "set apart long ago for an empress's confinement", was located "where the stone oxen and the lions stand" (i.e. the Boukoleon Palace), and was in the form of a perfect square from floor to ceiling, with the latter ending in a pyramid. Its walls, floor and ceiling were completely veneered with imperial porphyry, which was "generally of a purple colour throughout, but with white spots like sand sprinkled over it." However, both explanations were current already in the 10th century.

Imperial purple was a luxury dye obtained from sea snails, used to colour cloth. Its production was extremely expensive, so the dye was used as a status symbol by the Ancient Romans, e.g. a purple stripe on the togas of Roman magistrates. By the Byzantine period the colour had become associated with the emperors, and sumptuary laws restricted its use by anyone except the imperial household. Purple was thus seen as an imperial colour.

The Palace of the Porphyrogenitus is a late 13th-century Byzantine palace in the north-western part of the old city of Constantinople named after Constantine Palaiologos, a younger son of Emperor Michael VIII.

Diplomacy
In Imperial diplomacy a porphyrogénnēta bride was sometimes sent to seal a bargain, or a foreign princess may have gone to Constantinople to marry a porphyrogénnētos. Liutprand of Cremona, for instance, visited Constantinople in 968 on a diplomatic mission from Otto I to secure a purple-born bride for the prince who would eventually become Otto II, in which mission he failed. A different bride who was not purple-born, Theophanu, was subsequently acquired in 971.

Limitations
To be "born in the purple" is often seen as a limitation to be escaped rather than a benefit or a blessing. Rarely, the term refers to someone born with immense talent that shapes their career and forces them into paths they might not otherwise wish to follow. An obituary of the British composer Hubert Parry complains that his immense natural talent (described as being "born in the purple") forced him to take on teaching and administrative duties that prevented him from composing in the manner that might have been allowed to someone who had to develop their talent.

In this sense, the parents' prominence predetermines the child's role in life. A royal child, for instance, is denied the opportunity to an ordinary life because of his parents' royal rank. An example of this usage can be seen in the following discussion comparing the German Kaiser Wilhelm II with his grandfather, Wilhelm I, and his father, Frederick III:

Compare this with his grandfather, the old Emperor, who, if he had not been born in the purple, could only have been a soldier, and not, it must be added, one who could have held very high commands. Compare him again with his father; the Emperor Frederick, if he had not been born in the purple, though he certainly showed greater military capacity than the old Emperor, nevertheless would probably not have been happy or successful in any private station other than that of a great moral teacher.

The classic definition restricted use of the category specifically to the legitimate offspring born to reigning monarchs after they ascended to the throne. It did not include children born prior to their parents' accession or, in an extremely strict definition, their coronation.

See also
Crown prince
Divine right of kings
Dynasty
Nepotism
Royal and noble styles
Royal prerogative
Silver spoon

References

Further reading
 Gilbert, Paul. Born in the Purple: The Private World of the Children of Tsar Nicholas II, (hardcover, ). Biography of the children of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia who were all born after his accession.

English-language idioms


Table tennis was part of the 2007 All-Africa Games competition schedule.

Results

Men

Women

Mixed

References
Sports123

2007 All-Africa Games
Table tennis at the African Games
2007 in table tennis


A Time to Love and a Time to Die is a 1958 Eastmancolor CinemaScope drama war film directed by Douglas Sirk and starring John Gavin and Liselotte Pulver. Based on the book by German author Erich Maria Remarque and set on the Eastern Front and in Nazi Germany, it tells the story of a young German soldier who is revolted by the conduct of the German army in the Soviet Union and actions of the Nazi Party in the homefront.

According to Variety magazine, the film "was regarded by the company's exec echelon at the outset as fine drama and [a] wham money maker, but the box office disappointment is now ascribed to [a] lack of names".

Plot
As a German infantry unit retreats across Russia in the spring of 1944, Ernst Graeber's conscience is revolted by the execution of captured civilians. Given his first furlough for over two years, he returns to find his family home bombed and his parents gone. Calling at the house of the family doctor for information, the daughter Elizabeth tells him her father is in a concentration camp because of an unwise remark. Allied bombing continues by day and by night.

An old school friend who is now the local head of the Nazi Party offers Ernst accommodation, food, drink, and women. But he prefers to stay with fellow soldiers billeted in a hospital and to get closer to Elizabeth. The two go to the one restaurant still open, which is destroyed that night by bombs.

Each alone in the world, they agree to an immediate marriage, but Elizabeth's family home is flattened by bombs and they take refuge in a ruined church. Elizabeth gets a summon to Gestapo headquarters, which Ernst intercepts and attends as her husband. He is given her father's ashes, which he secretly buries in the churchyard. Visiting his former teacher, who helps Jews on the run, he is told there is no excuse for the Wehrmacht's war crimes against Russians and of the German state against its own citizens. Ernst and Elizabeth find lodgings for the rest of his leave.

Returning to the front, he finds a fellow soldier who is an ardent Nazi about to shoot captured civilians. As the two are alone, he kills the other soldier and tells the civilians to flee. One of them picks up the dead man's rifle and shoots Ernst dead. He had not finished reading a letter from Elizabeth, saying that she was expecting their child.

Cast

 John Gavin as Ernst Graeber
 Liselotte Pulver as Elizabeth Kruse, later Graeber
 Jock Mahoney as Immerman
 Don DeFore as Hermann Boettcher
 Keenan Wynn as Reuter
 Erich Maria Remarque as Professor Pohlmann
 Dieter Borsche as Captain Rahe
 Barbara Rütting as Woman Guerrilla
 Thayer David as Oscar Binding
 Charles Régnier as Joseph
 Dorothea Wieck as Frau Lieser
 Kurt Meisel as Heini
 Agnes Windeck as Frau Witte
 Clancy Cooper as Sauer
 John van Dreelen as Political Officer
 Klaus Kinski as Gestapo Lieutenant
 Alice Treff as Frau Langer
 Alexander Engel as Mad Air Raid Warden
 Jim Hutton as Hirschland (as Dana J. Hutton)
 Bengt Lindström as Steinbrenner

Production
Remarque met Sirk in 1954 and the director persuaded the writer to adapt his own novel for the screen. ("I found him an extraordinarily understanding and capable man", said Remarque. "He knew what he wanted to do with my book.") Sirk's son, actor Klaus Detlef Sierck (1925–1944), died in the Ukraine as a soldier of the Panzer-Grenadier-Division Großdeutschland when he was 18 years old.

Universal decided to cast two relative unknowns in the lead. As studio executive Al Daff said:
 At one stage Ann Harding was going to play a role.

Filming took place in West Berlin, which Sirk had fled over 20 years before and the US Army Europe training area at Grafenwöhr. Interiors were shot at CCC Film's Spandau Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Alexander Golitzen and Alfred Sweeney. Gavin was accompanied by his wife who he had just married and they used the movie as an opportunity to honeymoon.

The musical score was composed by Miklós Rózsa on loanout from M-G-M, where he had been the primary composer for over a decade.

Universal sent a screen test of Gavin to critics in advance of the film's release. Hedda Hopper saw a preview and predicted that Gavin will "take the public by storm and so will the picture, which should also put its co-star, Lilo Pulver in the top ten."

Universal publicly claimed that the film cost $5 million but Universal president Milton Rackmil denied that they had ever spent that amount on a film.

Reception
The Los Angeles Times wrote the film wasn't as good as All Quiet on the Western Front but was "vivid, sometimes brutally shocking and, less often, emotionally moving."

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – Nominated

Box office
The film was expected to be Universal's biggest film of the year and was, with theatrical rentals of $1.6 million in the United States and Canada. The film was one of the most popular of the year in France. Kinematograph Weekly listed it as being "in the money" at the British box office in 1958.

Awards
Nominated
 Academy Award: Best Sound Recording (Leslie I. Carey) (1959)
 Berlin Film Festival: Golden Bear (1958)

References

External links

1958 films
1958 drama films
1950s war drama films
American war drama films
Films directed by Douglas Sirk
Films based on works by Erich Maria Remarque
Films scored by Miklós Rózsa
Films set in 1944
Films about Nazi Germany
Films based on German novels
Films shot at Spandau Studios
Anti-war films about World War II
Eastern Front of World War II films
Universal Pictures films
1950s English-language films
1950s American films


Kristín Helga Gunnarsdóttir (born 24 November 1963) is an Icelandic writer, columnist and novelist and environmental activist. Three time winner of the Icelandic Women´s literature award and the Reykjavík City Children's Book Award and nominated for the Nordic Council Literature Award in 2019. She is best known for her series of children's books on the character Fíasól, also published in Russian 2019. She has also written for theatre, radio and television. Kristín Helga is a journalist and a former reporter and a newscaster for an Icelandic TV channel Stöð 2 and on the radio. She studied journalism and Spanish at the University of Utah, along with Spanish studies at the University of Iceland and at the University of Barcelona.

Published works

Novels
The titles are in Icelandic:
1997 Elsku besta Binna mín
1998 Bíttu á jaxlinn Binna mín
1998 Keikó hvalur í heimsreisu
1999 Milljón steinar og Hrollur í dalnum
2000 Mói hrekkjusvín
2001 Í Mánaljósi
2002 Gallsteinar afa Gissa
2003 Strandanornir
2003 Loftur og gullfuglarnir
2004 Fíasól í fínum málum
2005 Fíasól í hosiló
2006 Fíasól á flandri
2007 Draugaslóð
2008 Fíasól er flottust
2009 Láki Máni og þjóðahyskið
2010 Fíasól og litla ljónaránið
2010 Fíasól - play, National theater of Iceland
2011 Ríólítreglan
2012  Grímsævintýri" ævisaga hunds
2013  Mói hrekkjusvín-kúreki í Arisóna
2013  Láki Máni og letikeppurinn
2014  Mói hrekkjusvín- misskildir snillingar
2014  Láki Máni og montrassinn
2015  Landsmót hrekkjusvína
2015  Litlar byltingar
2016  Gallsteinar afa Gissa, útvarpsleikrit/RUV radio play
2017   "Gallsteinar afa Gissa," Stage play- musical. Akureyri Theater company
2018   " Vertu Ósýnilegur- Flóttasaga Ishmaels" novel/ a refugee´s story (YA)
2019   " Fjallaverksmiðja Íslands" The Mountain Factory, novel ( YA)
2020   " Fiasol and a bizarre story of a kid with a cat in his tummy
2021   " Ótemjur"-"Untamed", novel (YA)

Awards
 A million stones and Willy in the valley, nominated for the Youngster ́s book award of Reykjavík city council, 2000
 Town artist of the year, Garðabær town council, 2000
 Moe the mischief, Reykjavík City Children's Literature Prize, 2001
 In the Moonlight, Children ́s book award, 2002, chosen by children library visitors
 Witches of the shore, Children's book award, 2004, children library visitors
 Witches of the shore, Icelandic IBBY award, 2004, International Board on Books for Young people
 Fíasól in the nook, Children’s book award, 2006
 Fíasól, the wanderer, Children´s book award, 2007
 Ghost trail, Westnordic Children´s Literature Award, 2008
 Red hat, short story, 2nd place in a ghost story competition, Reykjavík 2008
 Ghost trail, nominated for the Nordic children’s literature prize, 2009
 Fíasól - the greatest, Children ́s book award, 2009
 Story stone of IBBY 2009 - International Board on books for young people. Awarded for career.
 Fíasól, play for the National Theater of Iceland- nominated for the best stage play for children 2010
 Grissom Adventure - a dog´s true life story, nominated for Women´s Book Award, 2013
 Be invisible- a refugee story, Women´s book award 2019, Reykjavík book award 2019, nominated for Nordic Council Book award 2019
 typpa verðlaun- a typpa story, women´s book award 2021, Reykjavík book award 2021, nominated for Russian Council book award 2021

References

External links
Icelandic Literature Web: Kristín Helga Gunnarsdóttir
Interviews with Icelandic Authors: Kristín Helga Gunnarsdóttir, Icelandic Literature Center

1963 births
Living people
Kristin Helga Gunnarsdottir
Kristin Helga Gunnarsdottir
Kristin Helga Gunnarsdottir


Juan Perillo (born April 9, 1985, in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine footballer who is currently a free agent.

External links
 Juan Manuel Perillo at BDFA.com.ar

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Once Caldas footballers
Club Universitario de Deportes footballers
S.F.K. Pierikos (football) players
Categoría Primera A players
Peruvian Primera División players
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Whitchurch Circuit was a motor racing circuit located at the former Bristol (Whitchurch) Airport in Bristol, England.

The Bristol & Wessex Aeroplane Club first flew from this airfield in 1930. During World War II it was used by the Air Transport Auxiliary and British Overseas Airways Corporation. It continued as Bristol's commercial airport until in 1957 this moved to Bristol Lulsgate Airport, where the Lulsgate Circuit had been.

On 1 August 1959, the Bristol Motorcycle and Light Car Club (BM&LCC) organised the first race meeting in conjunction with the Bristol Corporation, who owned the then disused airfield at Whitchurch. The course was  long, almost flat, and rectangular in shape with four corners known as Dundry, Hangar, Knowle, and Goram. The meeting consisted of six races, one of which was for Formula Two cars. This race was won by Henry Taylor, at a speed of , from Keith Greene and Tim Parnell, all of whom were Cooper mounted. The fastest lap was set by Taylor at . However, the fastest lap of the day was set by a Formula III car in exactly 53 seconds () by Jack Pitcher in a race won by Philip Robinson (Stuart-Cooper). It is probable that this is the outright all-time lap record at this track at Whitchurch as this may have been the only car meeting held here, though it is possible that another was held later in this year.

The report of the meeting in Autosport speaks of indifferent weather with only the first and last races being run on a dry track, which probably accounts for the Formula III cars being faster than the Formula 2.

The following weekend, 8 August 1959, the Bristol Motor Cycle Club held a motor-cycle race meeting, with Phil Read winning both the 350cc and 500cc abroad Nortons, taking fastest lap in both at  and  respectively. Note that this fastest lap was only  slower than Jack Pitcher's outright lap, also using a Norton engine in his Cooper.

In 1937, on 22 May, the BM&LCC ran a one-off Speed Trail on the approach road to Whitchurch. The  course was  long with a slight right followed by a long left-hand bend.

Results - main events

References

Motorsport venues in England
Defunct sports venues in Bristol


Compass-1 (also known as Compass One) is a German amateur CubeSat picosatellite, built and operated in the late 2000s by Aachen University of Applied Science. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation, aboard a PSLV rocket as a secondary payload to the CartoSat-2A primary spacecraft on 28 April 2008. It was launched into a Geocentric orbit with an altitude of 597 km. Its primary mission is remote sensing; however, it also contains some technology demonstration experiments regarding the use of small satellites and GPS tracking.

On 10 August 2008, the satellite developed a problem and switched into "emergency mode". Initial attempts to rectify this problem failed; however, normal operations were resumed on 10 September, with help from amateur radio operators around the world.

Overview

Most of the objectives for Compass-1 were focused on the evaluation and testing of CubeSats and new technologies. It was made using scratch-built software, hardware, and parts, except the solar panels. Thus it inherited a high risk for mission failure.

Mission Objectives

Mission objectives include:

-Take color pictures in 640 by 480 resolution

-Validate a Phoenix GPS receiver

-Test a Magnetic Actuator based 3-axis gyroscope

Mission Anomalies

There have been events that have been solved but remain to be explained, as Compass-1 has entered emergency mode and has undergone full resets a number of times.

Emergency Mode

August 10, 2008
On August 10, 2008, Compass-1 entered Emergency mode. The cause was unknown and FH Aachen put out a call to all amateur radio operators to try to find out what was going on with the CubeSat. A hard reset occurred, only to bring the satellite into a circle of powering up, turning on the heaters, and then dying again. The only way to exit this loop was to avoid starting the heaters. The team needed as much Telemetry from the ground as possible, which was from amateur radio enthusiasts.

September 10, 2008

After multiple tries, the Compass-1 team finally got enough charge retained in the batteries to boot the CubeSat and get a beacon and images back from the probe. It was later determined that there was a major software flaw that prevented the heaters from letting the battery charge.

Hard Resets

There have been multiple hard resets, with the most recent one being on February 8, 2009.

End of life

Compass-1 was retired on March 3, 2012. It still can be used as a beacon until it burns up or the batteries can no longer hold charge. It is expected to stay in orbit until 2019.

See also
CUTE-1.7
Delfi-C3
AAUSAT-II
List of CubeSats
COMPASS-2

References

External links
 Compass-1 Official Site
 Compass-1 forum

Student satellites
Spacecraft launched in 2008
CubeSats
Satellites of Germany
Picosatellites