Mervyn Burtch MBE (7 November 1929 – 12 May 2015)<ref>{{cite news|title=Mervyn Burtch, composer – obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11611037/Mervyn-Burtch-composer-obituary.html|accessdate=18 May 2015|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 May 2015}}</ref> was a Welsh composer, best known for his work with children's music projects.

Life and career
Burtch was born in Ystrad Mynach, Wales. Except for his two years of National Service in the RAF, he lived his entire life in the Rhymney Valley. He attended Lewis' School in Pengam, and was inspired to become a composer when he watched his teacher, David Wynne, copying out parts, and decided that was the kind of work he would like to do. He studied at Cardiff University, and subsequently became Head of Music at Bargoed Grammar Technical School, and then Head of Music at Lewis Girls' School in Ystrad Mynach.  In 1979 he joined the staff of the then Welsh College of Music and Drama (WCMD) and was Head of the Performance course at the College until 1989. After that he devoted himself to composition. His extensive output of instrumental and vocal works included 17 string quartets, 14 concertos, 13 operas for children and numerous choral and brass band pieces.

Drawing on his experience as a teacher, he was especially successful in composing for young musicians. In 1984 the WCMD began its Schools' Opera Programme under his direction, and he wrote some dozen short children's operas that were performed by more than 80,000 schoolchildren. Then in 1996, together with the Welsh-Canadian author and educator Mark Morris, he founded the international KidsOp project. This won a prestigious Cable and Wireless Childnet Award in 1998. In 2003 Mervyn Burtch was awarded the MBE for his services to music and education in Wales, and for his work as President of KidsOp.

In collaboration with Mark Morris he wrote six operas combining the resources of young performers and professional musicians, and he developed close ties with Canada.  He coached and took part in productions at The Banff Centre and other venues in Alberta, as well as assisting in the exchange of both child and adult musicians and singers between Canada and Wales. Their first collaboration, Coyote and the Winter that Never Ends was produced in Wetaskiwin, Alberta, in 1997. The second opera, Wizard Things, was produced the following year in Cardiff, Wetaskiwin, Edmonton and London (UK). Their most successful work, The Raven King was first produced in Blackwood, Wales in 1999, with subsequent productions in Canada (Banff Arts Festival), South Africa, Cardiff, Germany, Ireland (Wexford Festival Opera), and Mexico (XIII International Music Festival, Morelia). These were developed as a collaborative project via the internet; children in the different countries exchanged their ideas through chat-rooms on the KidsOp web-site and contributed stories and drawings. The following year, 500 Welsh schoolchildren took part in a performance at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The opera's subject, inspired by Shakespeare's The Tempest, is the complex relationships between humans and animals, and how they can learn to communicate and live together in harmony. Scoring is for Orff percussion orchestra, piano duet and solo percussionist.

The project's fifth opera, Jason and Hanna, was premiered in Caerphilly in 2003, and in 2008 Manitoba Opera gave its second performance at the CanWest Performing Arts Centre in Winnipeg. Its libretto, inspired by the tragedy of the war in the Balkans during the 1990s, tells a story of young lovers doomed by the enmity of their families. A seventh opera, Twm Siôn Cati (based on the adventures of the 16th century 'Welsh Robin Hood'), was written in 2005 in collaboration with Simon Rees. It was premiered in Wales by the Caerphilly Borough KidsOp group.
 The Song Contest of the Birds and the Beasts is a semi-staged work, 40 minutes long, for choir, mezzo-soprano and baritone soloists and orchestra, with libretto by Simon Rees; it concerns a song contest for the birds and beasts. It was commissioned by Welsh National Opera, and was performed in Cardiff (St David's Hall) in July 2010 with a choir of 200 junior school children, two soloists drawn from the chorus of Welsh National Opera and the WNO orchestra.

A significant portion of Burtch's output was choral, and his works in this genre included his popular arrangements of Welsh folk songs which the National Youth Choir of Wales recorded in 1999. He was influenced early in his career by the music of Leoš Janáček, and a characteristic of his vocal writing was the frequent use of irregular metres, which add vitality and preserve the fluency of the native speech rhythms of the text. The Cardiff Polyphonic Choir under Simon Lovell-Jones recorded eight selections for Black Mountain Records. The texts set in these works cover a wide range from the Anglican Liturgy to Welsh and Chinese poets, including Robert Hillyer's translation of the Egyptian Book of the Dead in Egyptian Litany'', composed in 1994.

Burtch once said he regretted not having learned the viola so he could play in a string quartet, a medium he loved: he composed string quartets throughout his career, and in particular in the final years of his life. To celebrate his 80th birthday year in 2009, he composed a new Piano Trio that was premiered on 13 June at the Gregynog Festival in mid-Wales.

In 1991 Burtch received the John Edwards Memorial Award, one of Wales's most prestigious music honours, for the promotion of Welsh Music. In 2014 The Mervyn Burtch Trust was set up to preserve his music, and is collaborating with the National Library of Wales to create a digital archive of all his manuscripts.

Burtch died on 12 May 2015 at the age of 85.  His wife Rita, whom he married at age 74, survived him.

References

Other sources
Welsh Music/Cerddoriaeth Cymru :  Spring/Summer 1989, Vol 8 No.10, pp. 14–28
Composers of Wales – Mervyn Burtch : Ninnau Vol 36 No. 2, March–April 2011 p. 12

External links
 The Mervyn Burtch Trust
 Welsh Music Information Centre
 KidsOp

1929 births
2015 deaths
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Welsh classical composers
Welsh male classical composers
People from Caerphilly County Borough
20th-century British composers
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians


Vincenzo Antonio Manno (January 19, 1949, Cleveland, Ohio – May 9/10, 2018, Bergamo) was an American tenor opera singer and voice teacher.  He was of Italian descent.

Education
He completed his music studies in 1970 at Oberlin College under the tutelage of Richard Miller having previously studied with John Shurtleff and Burton Garlinghouse while attending the Cleveland Music School Settlement and summer courses with Josephine Antoine at Chautauqua and Eleanor Steber at the Cleveland Institute of Music in Cleveland, Ohio. Thanks to a Fulbright fellowship, Manno continued his studies at The Academy of Santa Cecilia in Rome with Maestro Gennaro D'Angelo and at Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory in Milan, with Maestro Ettore Campogalliani. His private studies in Milan continued with Dr. Otto Mueller. After Dr. Mueller's death, Manno was accepted into the private singing school directed by Professor Dennis Hall in Bern, Switzerland. Professor Hall remained Manno's voice teacher and mentor until Hall's death in 2004.

Singing career
His singing career embraced a wide repertory of baroque, traditional, and modern pieces. He performed in theatres all over the world, and on radio primarily in Europe.

He was a permanent member of the La Scala Opera Chorus in Milan and performed regularly there until his retirement in 2009.

Teaching career
He regularly held seminars and master classes on singing and style. He was called to teach at the Academy for Young Singers affiliated with the La Scala Opera, while under the directorship of the world-renowned soprano, Leyla Gencer, then at the Scuola Civica di Musica 'Claudio Abbado' in Milan, and at the Accademia Donizetti in Masate, Italy, where he was invited to teach vocal technique. He was also a guest teacher outside of Italy, teaching interpretation, staging scenes and full-length operas for young singers. He delivered the keynote address at the 20th National Professional Development Conference, sponsored by the New Zealand Association of Teachers of Singing (NEWZATS) at Queen Margaret College in Wellington, New Zealand and he took part in numerous discussions as guest speaker.

While in New Zealand Manno gave master classes at the Universities of Otago and Waikato as well as private lessons. Maestro Manno was a frequent adjudicator for vocal performance competitions around the world.

Maestro Manno taught English diction to the prestigious La Scala Opera Chorus for the La Scala debut of Benjamin Britten's “Death in Venice” (having already done so at the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa) and was immediately reconfirmed for the world premiere of Luca Francesconi's new opera “Quartett”.

Maestro Manno's students can be heard regularly around the world in the major opera houses, on recordings, in concert halls, and on radio and television. His students include Thiago Arancam, Allan Rizzetti, Leonardo Cortellazzi.

Maestro Manno died after a long battle against cancer.

Awards
He is the recipient of several awards for his recordings, among them the "Grand Prix du Disque" for baroque music, recorded with Swiss conductor Maestro Edwin Loehrer, and the "Best Recording of the Year", from Gramophone Magazine, for his two-CD solo recording of tenor music of the 17th century, Strana Armonia d’Amore, with Maestro Roberto Gini.

Because of his devotion to divulging musical culture, on May 3, 2007, Vincenzo Manno was honoured with a tribute by the United States Congress, for the 40th Anniversary of his career.

Notes

References
 http://www.scuolecivichemilano.it/on-line/musica/Home/Docenti/scheda5000262.html

1949 births
Oberlin College alumni
American operatic tenors
Living people
Singers from Cleveland
Classical musicians from Ohio


Juan Valdivia Navarro (; born December 3, 1965), is a Spanish musician and songwriter. He became famous internationally for being the lead guitarist of Héroes del Silencio. He is known by his fans as "El Maestro" and has a school named after him in Ratanpur, India.

Discography

With Héroes del Silencio
 El Mar No Cesa (1988)
 Senderos de Traición (1990)
 El Espíritu del Vino (1993)
 Avalancha (1995)

As a solo artist
 Trigonometralla (2001)

References

1965 births
Alternative rock guitarists
Living people
Rock en Español musicians
Spanish guitarists
Spanish male guitarists
20th-century guitarists
21st-century guitarists
20th-century Spanish male musicians
21st-century male musicians


Bernzomatic is an American manufacturing company. It was founded by Otto Bernz (May 21, 1856 – February 17, 1932) in 1876 in Newark, New Jersey as Otto Bernz Co.. The company manufactures handheld torches and accessories, especially gas burner torches using fuel cylinders containing butane, propane, MAPP gas, and oxygen for soldering, brazing, and welding. Its trademark torch packs include Basic Use, Multi-Application, and Specialty. Its products include torches, fuel cylinders, kits, solders and accessories, and utility lighters.

History

1876–Present

In the 1940s Otto Bernz Co. relocated to Rochester, New York and changed its name to Bernzomatic. In 1982, Bernzomatic became a division of Newell (now Newell Rubbermaid).

On July 1, 2011, Worthington Cylinders division of Worthington Industries purchased Bernzomatic for $51 million.

In 2014, Bernzomatic's manufacturing facility in Medina, New York was consolidated with a location in Chilton, Wisconsin.

Bernzomatic, now a Worthington entity, continues to manufacture handheld propane and propylene ("Map-pro") cylinders found at big-box and hardware stores.

Consumer Product Safety Commission Recall
A report addressing various defects with the Bernzomatic torch products was published in February 2019:  United Testing Services Study
On February 23, 2012, all fuel cylinders containing MAP/Pro (propylene) and MAPP gas were recalled.  Cylinders containing propane fuel were omitted from the recall but under review due to several injuries, including a fatality.  On February 14, 2019, a study was released identifying several alleged defects with all of the cylinders, regardless of fuel content.

The report alleges design and manufacturing defects at the neck of the cylinders and with certain torch attachments, leading to breach of certain cylinders and severe burn injuries.  In some instances severe injuries, including a fatality, were noted due to explosions attributed to failure of a pressure relief valve.

References

External links

Lighting brands
Newell Brands
Manufacturing companies established in 1876
1876 establishments in New Jersey


David Tustin was the Bishop suffragan of Grimsby from 1979 until 2000.

He was born on 12 January 1935 and educated at Solihull School and Magdalene College, Cambridge. After a period of study at what was then Cuddesdon College (and is now known as Ripon College Cuddesdon), he was made deacon on Trinity Sunday 1960 (12 June) and ordained priest the following Trinity Sunday (28 May 1961) — both times by Stretton Reeve, Bishop of Lichfield, at Lichfield Cathedral. He embarked on an ecclesiastical career with a curacy in Stafford, after which he was Assistant General Secretary of the Church of England Council on Foreign Relations, while concurrently holding the post of Curate at St Dunstan-in-the-West, and then Vicar of St Pauls, Wednesbury. Following this he was Vicar of  Tettenhall Regis from 1971–1979 which was his final appointment before his elevation to the episcopate. During his time as Vicar of Tettenhall, he served as Rural Dean of Trysull from 1976–1979. He was consecrated a bishop on 25 January 1979, by Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey. In retirement he continues to serve the Church as an assistant bishop within the Diocese of Lincoln. His brother-in-law was also a bishop.

References

1935 births
People educated at Solihull School
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon
Bishops of Grimsby
People from Brigg
20th-century Church of England bishops
Living people


Nava or NAVA may refer to:

Organizations
 National Association for the Visual Arts in Australia
 North American Vexillological Association

Places
 Nava, Jõgeva County, Estonia, a village
 Nava, Saare County, Estonia, a village
 Nava, Mazandaran, Iran, a village
 Nava, Coahuila, Mexico, a city
 Nava (municipality), Mexico
 Nava, Asturias, Spain, a municipality
 La Nava, Huelva, Spain, a town and municipality

Other uses
 Nava (surname)
 Nava (given name)
 Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, a mode of ventilation
 Navā, a dastgah in Persian traditional music
Nava, a Milan-based music group consisting of Francesco Fugazza, Nava Golchini, Elia Pastori and Marco Fugazza.

See also
 Navas (disambiguation)


Ahmad Sabri Ismail (born 11 May 1963 in Alor Setar, Kedah) is a former Malaysian football goalkeeper who played most notably for Kedah FA and spent a year for Penang FA. He retired from the game in 2000. Ahmad Sabri now the goal keeping coach at Malaysia Super League side Kedah FA. He popularly known as Sobri by Malaysian football fans.

The peak of his career was during his period as Kedah and Malaysia goalkeeper in the late 1980s; during his time at Kedah in the early 1990s he won many medals including one Division 2 (1992) and Division 1 title (1993), two Malaysia Cups (1990, 1993) and one FA Cup (1996).  In 1998, He won Liga Perdana 1 with Penang FA.

His combinations with Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah (head coach) and Muhamad Radhi Mat Din (assistant coach) had earned Kedah with the double treble title.

Sabri appeared for Malaysia in a 1990 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Singapore.

References

1963 births
Living people
Malaysian men's footballers
Kedah Darul Aman F.C. players
Malaysia men's international footballers
Footballers from Kedah
Men's association football goalkeepers


Fronimo is a software program for engraving of tablature for lutes, archlute, theorbo and other plucked and bowed instruments.

History
The program was created by the Italian lutenist and astronomer Francesco Tribioli.  He named it in honour of Il Fronimo by Vincenzo Galilei, one of the foremost music treatises of the 16th century.  One of Galilei's sons, Galileo, was also (amongst other talents) an astronomer, the same as Tribioli.

Version 2 of the program ceased to be updated from February 2005.  Version 3 was much improved though it introduced a new native file archive type, .ft3.

Description
The program contains historical fonts for the most common tablatures for the lute and guitar.

A fully functional demo version is available, and is restricted only so far as it is unable to save tablature files.  To enable files to be saved a licence must be purchased from the author.  Options are available for German, French, Italian and Spanish language interfaces.

There is a large repository of native tablature for the lute held in Fronimo .ft3 format files which can also be utilised by other  musical tablature software.

Reception
Specialist lute-tabulature software packages such as Fronimo are sometimes preferred by lutenists if they specialise in 17th century tablature, which can be more difficult to set up in packages such as Sibelius.  The licence cost of Fronimo may be thought to be reasonable compared to Sibelius when the functionality of that package is not required.

See also
Django (music software)

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links

Lutes


Saib Tabrizi (, , Mīrzā Muḥammad ʿalī Ṣāʾib, ) was an Iranian poet, regarded as one of the greatest masters of a form of classical Persian lyric poetry characterized by rhymed couplets, known as the ghazal. He  also established the "Indian style" (sabk-i Hind) in the literature of his native language, Azerbaijani Turkic, in which he is known to have written 17 ghazals and molammaʿs.

Saib was born in Tabriz, and educated in Isfahan and at some time around 1626, he traveled to India, where he was received into the court of Shah Jahan. He stayed for a time in Kabul and in Kashmir, returning home after several years abroad. After his return, the emperor of Persia, Shah Abbas II, bestowed upon him the title King of Poets.

Saib's reputation is based primarily on some 300,000 couplets, including his epic poem Qandahār-nāma (“The Campaign Against Qandahār”). (The city of Qandahār or Kandahar in today's Afghanistan was in Saib Tabrizi's lifetime a long-standing bone of contention between the Mughal rulers of India and the Safavid rulers of Persia - both of whom were at different times the poet's patrons - until definitely given over to Persian rule as a result of the Mughal–Safavid War of 1649–53.)

Saib Tabrizi's “Indian style” verses reveal an elegant wit, a gift for the aphorism and the proverb, and a keen appreciation of philosophical and intellectual exercise. Saib was especially well known for his Persian panegyric poetry during the reigns of Persian Emperors Safi, Abbas II and Suleiman.

A line from Saib's poem on Kabul provided the title for Khaled Hosseini's 2007 novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns.

Biography

Early life
Saib Tabrizi was either of Persian or Azerbaijani ancestry, with Azerbaijani as his native tongue. Saib's birth date is uncertain; he was most likely born at the end of the 16th-century, as he mentions his age being eighty in one of his poems. The Iranologist Paul E. Losensky puts his birth date in . Saib was born with the name Mirza Mohammad Ali in the city of Tabriz in Safavid Iran. The city was a provincial capital of the Azerbaijan province and had served as the capital of the country until 1555. Saib's father was the wealthy and prominent merchant Mirza Abd-al-Rahim, while his paternal uncle was Shams-al-Din of Tabriz was skilled in calligraphy, for which he received the nickname Shirin Qalam ("Sweet Pen").

As a result of attacks by the Ottoman Empire, many families, including that of Saibs, were evacuated from Tabriz by Shah Abbas I, who moved them to the Abbasabad neighbourhood in Isfahan. It was in this location that Saib spent his childhood. He received his education at home and started engaging in poetry exercises when he was a little child. Although some recent sources have disputed this, he was reportedly trained in poetry by both Rukna Masih and Sharaf al-Din Shifa'i. In his youth, he made pilgrimages to Mecca, the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad, and the Shia shrines in Najaf and Karbala.

Travels abroad
In 1624 or 1625, Saib left for India. He apparently made this choice as a response to self-serving individuals who attempted to turn Shah Abbas I against him. However, he may also have made this choice in hopes of receiving lucrative rewards, like other contemporary Persian poets had done. He arrived in Kabul and met with the governor of the city, Mirzā Aḥsan-Allāh Ẓafar Khan. He formed a close friendship with Zafar Khan who was his primary patron over the next few years. Saib accompanied Zafar Khan and his father on military campaigns in the Deccan Plateau, before returning to Isfahan in 1632.

Return to Iran
Saib spent the remainder of his life in Isfahan, leaving the city only to visit other Iranian cities. His seven years spent living in India contributed to his reputation as the greatest poet of his time. He maintained a relationship with the Safavid courts and dedicated poems Abbas II and Shah Soleyman III. Abbas II appointed Saib to the post of poet laureate.

Saib seems to have withdrawn from the public eye in his final years, only receiving a small number of students and literary supporters from all around the Persian-speaking world. He died in 1676 and was buried in a garden retreat in Isfahan.

Saib method in poetry
He developed a method which was called Indian method. Tabrizi is also credited with establishing the "Indian style" (sabk-i Hind) of Azerbaijani əruz poetry (poetry using quantifying prosody).

Legacy and assessment

Biographical literature is abundant with references to the admiration of Saib by both his contemporary and later readers. When discussing Saib, his contemporary Mohammad Taher Nasrabadi mentions that "the sublimity of his genius and extent of his fame need no description." A few years later, in India, Sarkhosh writes that Saib's "jewel-like verses have broadcast his fame throughout the world," and that the Safavid shahs gifted copies of his divan (collection of poems) to leaders in other Islamic nations. The Central Asian poet and biographer Maliha of Samarqand provides an emotional description of his visit to Saib's tomb and the night he spent there. The admiration for Saib's literary accomplishment persisted in most Persian-speaking regions throughout the 19th-century, and according to Losensky; "reaching perhaps its fullest expression in the writings of Azad Bilgrami in Sarv-e azad and Khezana-ye amera."

However, this later changed in Iran with the rise of the neo-classical bazgasht-e adabi ("literary return") in the late 18th-century. Like like most new literary movements, it partially formed its identity by opposing the ideals of its recent forebears. One of its supporters, Azar Bigdeli, accused Saib of "losing track of the established rules of previous masters” and causing poetry to go in a downward spiral. By the middle of the 19th-century, Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat was able to simply state that Saib used "a strange style that is not now approved." In Persian literary circles, this general rejection persisted as an integral belief through the first decades in the early 20th-century. However, Saib and 17th-century poetry as a whole started to be reassessed when the bazgasht-e adabi itself came into disregard with the collapse of the Qajar government and the start of modernity.

See also
 Saeb Mausoleum
 Saadi Shirazi
 Hafez

References

Sources

17th-century Persian-language poets
Writers from Tabriz
1592 births
1677 deaths


Pines Village is a neighborhood in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. A subdistrict of the New Orleans East area, its boundaries as defined by the City Planning Commission are: Downman Road and Interstate 10 to the east, Chef Menteur Highway to the south, Lake Pontchartrain and Morrison Road to the north, and the Industrial Canal to the west.

Sigmund Pines, the neighborhood's namesake, purchased a large piece of land closest to the Industrial Canal in the 1950s and developed it with residences. Well into the 1960s, a substantial number of homes – both doubles and single-family detached structures – were constructed. As one of the lowest-lying areas in eastern New Orleans, homes were constructed on raised pier foundations.

Pines Village contains one local park, several churches, and a notable amount of industrial and commercial developments.

The neighborhood was significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Over 90% of residential properties as well as nearly all commercial properties in the neighborhood received flood damage, wind damage, or both. Approximately 46.2% of West Lake Forest's pre-Katrina household population had returned to the neighborhood as of June 2008.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Pines Village has a total area of .  of which is land and  of which is water.

Adjacent Neighborhoods
Gentilly Woods (west)
Little Woods (north)
Plum Orchard (east)
Pontchartrain Park (west)
Viavant/Venetian Isles (south)
West Lake Forest (east)

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,092 people, 1,699 households, 1,339 family households.

As of the census of 2010, there were 3,410 people, 1,187 households, 844 family households.

See also
New Orleans neighborhoods

References

Neighborhoods in New Orleans


E. Gluck Corporation is an American watch manufacturer headquartered in Little Neck, New York. It was founded in 1956 by Eugen Gluck. E. Gluck Corporation manufactures watches under two flagship proprietary brands, Armitron and Torgoen. The company also manufactures watches for major fashion brands, including: Anne Klein, Nine West, Juicy Couture, Vince Camuto, Badgley Mischka and Joseph Abboud. As of 1999, Armitron had the fifth largest share of all watch purchases, by brand, in the United States. As of 2005, Armitron ranks as one of the top ten fine and fashion watch brands in the US, along with Timex, Fossil, Seiko, Citizen, Casio, Guess, Bulova, Movado, and Pulsar.

Divisions

Armitron

 Men's Dress Watches
 Men's Sport Watches
 Ladies' Dress Watches
 Themed-dials
 Ladies' Sport Watches
Armitron is a medium-price watch manufacturing company which manufactures and retails watches in the U.S. only.

Brands
 Anne Klein
 Anne Klein NY
 Armitron
 Badgley Mischka
 JLO By Jennifer Lopez
 Nine West

Major categories

Digital watches
Armitron started making digital watches in the 1970s with LED displays. The LED displays consumed so much battery life that, in 1977, the company stopped production. Armitron subsequently began manufacturing their digital watches with LCD displays, which eventually became the industry standard.

Automatic movements
In 2007, Armitron began manufacturing automatic watches.

Notable marketing efforts
 Clock sponsor at Yankee Stadium.

References

Watch brands
Watchmaking conglomerates
Manufacturing companies established in 1956
Companies based in Queens, New York
Manufacturing companies based in New York City
Watch manufacturing companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in New York City
1956 establishments in New York (state)


Magen David Square () is a public square in the heart of Tel Aviv, Israel. It got its name from the fact that streets are radiating from it in six directions: Allenby Street in two directions, plus King George, Menahem Sheinkin, HaCarmel with the Carmel Market, and Nahalat Binyamin. The square is one of the busiest in the city center.

Squares in Tel Aviv
Modernist architecture in Israel


Israel Goldstein (June 18, 1896 – April 11, 1986) was an American-born Israeli rabbi, author and Zionist leader. He was one of the leading founders of Brandeis University.

Early life and education
Goldstein, born in Philadelphia, was a noteworthy graduate of South Philadelphia High School (SPHS) in 1911. At that time the school program was manual training, but his record showed to school administrators that there was more promise for academics servicing the immigrant population of South Philadelphia. He graduated the school at age 14. In 1911, while finishing his high school degree, he also completed a Bachelor of Hebrew Letters (B.H.L.) at Philadelphia's Gratz College, which is the oldest independent Jewish College in the United States. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at the age of 17. Later he attended the Jewish Theological Seminary where he was ordained in 1918 and received his Doctorate of Hebrew Letters (D.H.L.) in 1927 .

Career and Zionist activity
From 1918 until his immigration to Israel in 1960, Israel Goldstein served as the rabbi of Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in New York, the second oldest synagogue in the city. He was head of the New York Board of Rabbis (1928–30), the Jewish National Fund of America (1934-1943), the Zionist Organization of America (1943-1946), and American Jewish Congress (1952-1959), and helped found the National Conference of Christians and Jews.

In 1945, he was a consultant to the U.S. delegation at the Founding Conference of the United Nations in San Francisco.

From 1961 to 1971, Goldstein was World Chairman of Keren Hayesod-United Israel Appeal. He led Keren Hayesod during a period of expansion and growth, particularly after the Six-Day War.

Death
Israel Goldstein died on April 11, 1986, at Shaare Zedek Hospital in Jerusalem after a long illness.

Published works
Century of Judaism in New York (1930)
Towards a Solution (1940)
Shanah b’Yisrael (Next Year in Israel; 1950)
American Jewry Comes of Age (1955)
Brandeis University - Chapter of its Founding
Transition Years, New York-Jerusalem, 1960-1962 (1966)
Israel at Home and Abroad (1977)
My World as a Jew: The Memoirs of Israel Goldstein (1984)

Honors and commemoration

Dr. Goldstein has been inducted into the SPHS Alumni Cultural Hall of Fame.

In 1947, more than 1,000 acres of Jewish National Fund land situated between Gaza and Lachish were named "Chevel Goldstein" (lit. "Goldstein's region") in his honor.

The Israel Goldstein Youth Village, whose director he was, is named after him. Established in 1949, it is a Zionist youth village in the Katamon neighborhood of Jerusalem.

On his eightieth birthday, Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin and other government and Zionist movement officials gathered at his home to pay him tribute.

The Rabbi Dr. I. Goldstein Synagogue on the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem was built in his honor.

The Israel Goldstein Prize for Distinguished Leadership is the highest honor bestowed by Keren Hayesod. The prize has been awarded annually since 1980, the 60th anniversary of Keren Hayesod.

References

The Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem site. Office of Israel Goldstein (S57), Personal papers (A364) and his photograph collection (PHIG)

1896 births
1986 deaths
20th-century American rabbis
Brandeis University people
American Zionists
American Orthodox rabbis
University and college founders
Rabbis from Philadelphia
South Philadelphia High School alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni


The Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy (IAAT) was established in 1990. The IAAT is headquartered at the Department of Botany, Calicut University, Kozhikode, India.
The IAAT is affiliated to the International Association for Plant Taxonomy. It promotes Angiosperm taxonomy in India and acts as a gathering organisation for Angiosperm taxonomists.

Publication
The IAAT publishes a journal Rheedea (named after Hendrik van Rheede).

References

External links
 IAAT website
 IAPT
 Index Nominum Genericorum

Scientific organisations based in India
Plant taxonomy
Botanical societies
Flora of India (region)
International scientific organizations
Scientific organizations established in 1990
1990 establishments in Kerala


The following is a timeline of major events leading up to the United States presidential election of 2012. The election was the 57th quadrennial United States presidential election and was held on November 6, 2012.

2009

October
October 12 – Secretary of State and 2008 presidential challenger Hillary Clinton declares she will not challenge President Barack Obama in the 2012 election campaign.

2010

January
January 21 – In a 5–4 decision, the Supreme Court rules in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited.

November
November 2 – Midterm Elections.  The Republican Party made historic gains (63 seats) in the United States House of Representatives and gained 6 seats in the United States Senate.  They also gained six gubernatorial seats, as well as historic gains in state legislatures

December
The 2010 Census changes the Electoral College vote apportionment for the election for 18 states.
December 23 – Jimmy McMillan, perennial candidate from New York changes party affiliation from Democratic to Republican and officially announces his candidacy for the  presidential nomination of the Republican Party

2011

January
January 6 – Stewart Alexander, activist and 2008 Socialist Party USA vice-presidential nominee, officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party.
January 12 – Herman Cain, radio host, businessman and former Senate candidate from Georgia, announces the formation of a formal exploratory committee in preparation for a possible run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party.
January 18 – Randall Terry, an anti-abortion activist from New York and former Republican, officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party
January 22 – The New Hampshire Straw Poll is won by Mitt Romney with 35% of the vote.

February
February 8 – Andy Martin, perennial candidate and birther movement activist from Illinois, formally filed papers with the Federal Election Commission to run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
February 12–Conservative Political Action Conference; Ron Paul wins straw poll.
February 28 – The Tea Party Patriots straw poll is won by Ron Paul, U.S. Representative of Texas.

March
March 3 – Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives, announces the formation of an informal exploratory committee in preparation for a potential run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party.

Buddy Roemer, former Governor of Louisiana, announces the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a potential run the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
March 16 – Secretary of State Hillary Clinton expands on her previous statement to also specify that she will not serve as vice-president or a second term as Secretary of State
March 21 – Tim Pawlenty, former Governor of Minnesota, announces the formation of an exploratory committee in preparation for a potential run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party; Fred Karger announces he will run for president.
March 23 – Fred Karger officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party.

April
April 4 – President Barack Obama files papers with the Federal Election Commission and announces his candidacy for a second presidential nomination of the Democratic Party, and re-election to a second term as President
April 11 – Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts, announces the formation of a formal exploratory committee in preparation of a potential run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party; The St. Anselm College Republican Straw Poll in Goffstown, New Hampshire is won by Fred Karger with 25% of the vote, followed closely by Romney with 23%
April 13 – Rick Santorum, former Senator from Pennsylvania, announces the formation of a formal exploratory committee in preparation of a potential run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
April 18 – Roy Moore, Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, announces the formation of a formal exploratory committee in preparation for a potential run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
April 21 – Gary Johnson, former Governor of New Mexico, officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
April 26 – Ron Paul announced the formation of a formal exploratory committee in preparation for a run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party

May
May 3 – Jon Huntsman, former U.S. Ambassador to China, filed papers to create a federal political action committee
May 5 – The first Republican debate takes place in South Carolina with Cain, Johnson, Pawlenty, Paul, and Santorum  participating
May 11 – Newt Gingrich officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
May 13 – Ron Paul officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
May 14 – Former Arkansas Governor and 2008 candidate Mike Huckabee announces he will not run for president in 2012
May 16 – Businessman Donald Trump announces he will not run for president in 2012
May 21 – Herman Cain officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
May 22 – Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels announces he will not run for president in 2012.
May 23 – Former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party

June
June 2 – Mitt Romney officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
June 6 – Rick Santorum officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
June 13 – CNN and the New Hampshire Union Leader hosts a Republican debate in Goffstown, New Hampshire
June 14 – Michele Bachmann, U.S. Representative of Minnesota, announces during the debate that she has filed papers with the Federal Election Commission for a run for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
June 18 – Results of the Southern Republican Leadership Conference straw poll: Ron Paul 612; Jon Huntsman 382; Michele Bachmann 191; Herman Cain  104; Mitt Romney  74; Newt Gingrich  69; Sarah Palin 41; Rick Santorum 30; Tim Pawlenty  18; Gary Johnson  10; Buddy Roemer  9; Thad McCotter  2
June 21 – Jon Huntsman officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
June 22 – Retired engineer and perennial candidate Jack Fellure wins the presidential nomination of the Prohibition Party at the Party's national convention in Cullman, Alabama
June 27 – Michele Bachmann officially announces her candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party

July
July 1 – Thaddeus McCotter, U.S. Representative of Michigan, announces he has filed papers with the Federal Election Commission to campaign for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party
July 2 – Thaddeus McCotter officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party.
July 21 – Buddy Roemer officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party

August
August 12 – Republican candidates debate is held in Iowa. Bachmann, Cain, Gingrich, Huntsman, Paul, Pawlenty, Romney, and Santorum are the participants
August 13 – Michele Bachmann wins the Ames straw poll in Iowa.
August 13 – Texas Governor Rick Perry officially announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party.
August 14 – Former Minnesota Governor  Tim Pawlenty announces his withdrawal from the race for the Republican presidential nomination

September
September 6 – John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, announces that he will not run for president in 2012
September 7 – Republican candidates debate is held in Simi Valley, California. Bachmann, Cain, Gingrich, Huntsman, Perry, Paul, Romney, and Santorum are the participants
September 12 – Republican candidates debate is held in Tampa, Florida. Bachmann, Cain, Gingrich, Huntsman, Perry, Paul, Romney, and Santorum are the participants
September 14 -Arizona Governor Jan Brewer issues an official proclamation that the Arizona primary shall be held on February 28
September 19 -Ralph Nader and others announce a coalition to find a Primary challenger for Obama.
September 22 – U.S. Representative Thaddeus McCotter announces his withdrawal from the race for the Republican presidential nomination
September 22 – Republican candidates debate is held in Orlando, Florida. Sponsors: Fox News, Google and Florida Republican Party. Participants: Bachmann, Cain, Gingrich, Huntsman, Johnson, Perry, Paul, Romney, and Santorum
September 26 – Herman Cain wins Florida 5 straw poll.

October
October 4—Chris Christie, Governor of New Jersey, responding to mounting speculation that he would make a late entry in the Republican presidential nomination race, announces he will not run for president in 2012
October 5—Sarah Palin, former Governor of Alaska and 2008 Republican Party nominee for vice president, announces that she will not run for president in 2012
October 11— Rudy Giuliani, Former Mayor of New York City and 2008 candidate, announces that he will not run for president in 2012
October 11— Republican candidates debate on Bloomberg Television at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. Sponsored by Bloomberg, The Washington Post and WBIN-TV.
October 12—   Michele Bachmann, Herman Cain, Newt Gingrich, Gary Johnson, and Rick Santorum, all address the New Hampshire House of Representatives
October 14–16 – Socialist Party USA convention in Los Angeles, CA selects Stewart Alexander as their presidential candidate and Alejandro Mendoza as their vice-presidential candidate
October 18— Republican candidates debate on CNN in Las Vegas, Nevada. Sponsored by CNN and the Western Republican Leadership Conference.

November
November 5— Herman Cain wins Sioux Falls Straw Poll
November 9— Republican candidates debate on CNBC at Oakland University in Rochester, MI. Sponsored by CNBC and the Michigan Republican Party
November 22- Republican candidates debate on CNN in Washington, D.C.

December
December 3— Herman Cain announces the suspension of his campaign for the Republican Party presidential nomination
December 3 – Green Party presidential candidates debate in Los Angeles, California
December 7— Gingrich wins Delaware state committee straw poll
December 10— Republican candidates debate in Des Moines, Iowa at Drake University. Sponsored by ABC News and Republican Party of Iowa
December 15— Republican presidential debate in Sioux City, Iowa, hosted by Fox News
December 19
- Republican presidential candidates debate in Goffstown, New Hampshire, Sponsored by Saint Anselm College None of the candidates listed on the ballot in the Iowa Caucus attend.
— Democratic candidates debate in Goffstown, New Hampshire, Sponsored by Saint Anselm College President Obama does not participate
December 19—  Gingrich narrowly wins Tea Party Patriots straw poll over Michele Bachmann
December 28— Former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson ends his bid for the Republican presidential nomination, and enters the race of the Libertarian Party's presidential nomination

2012

January
January 3 – The Iowa Republican caucuses are initially declared as a victory for Mitt Romney. However, later counts show Rick Santorum with a small lead in the popular vote. Later, Ron Paul picks up a majority of delegates at the state's convention. The Iowa Democratic caucuses are won by Barack Obama.  Neither caucus awards any delegates, but are to be used as a guide for delegate selection in June's party conventions
January 4 – Representative Michele Bachmann announces the suspension of her presidential campaign
January 7 – Republican debate in Goffstown, New Hampshire, sponsored by ABC News and WMUR
January 8 – Republican debate at the Chubb Theatre at the Capitol Center for the Arts in Concord, New Hampshire, sponsored by NBC News, Facebook, and The Union Leader
January 10 – The New Hampshire Republican primary is won by Mitt Romney and New Hampshire Democratic primary by Barack Obama
January 16 – Jon Huntsman withdraws from the race and endorses Mitt Romney
January 16 – Recount in Iowa shows that Rick Santorum won the Republican caucuses
January 16 – Republican debates at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, sponsored by Fox News and the Republican Party of South Carolina
January 19 – Rick Perry withdraws from the race and endorses Newt Gingrich
January 19 – Republican debate in Charleston, South Carolina, sponsored by CNN and the Southern Republican Leadership Conference
January 21 — The Nevada Democratic Caucuses are won by Barack Obama
January 21 – The South Carolina Republican primary is won by Newt Gingrich
January 23 – Republican debate at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida, sponsored by St. Petersburg Times, NBC News, the National Journal and the Florida Council of 100
January 26 – Republican debate in Jacksonville, Florida, sponsored by CNN and the Republican Party of Florida
January 28 – The South Carolina Democratic primary is won by Barack Obama
January 31 – The Florida Republican primary is won by Mitt Romney. The Florida Democratic primary is won by Barack Obama

February
February 2 – Roseanne Barr, actress, announces her candidacy for the Green Party presidential nomination
February 4 – Nevada Republican caucuses are won by Mitt Romney
February 4 – Voting began in the Maine Republican caucuses: Paul gaining 21 delegates, and Romney 3
February 7 – The Minnesota Republican caucuses are won by Rick Santorum
February 7 – The Missouri Democratic Primary and Minnesota caucuses are won by Barack Obama. The Missouri Republican Primary is won by Rick Santorum, although the contest does not affect how Missouri's GOP delegates are awarded
February 7 – The Colorado Republican caucuses are won by Rick Santorum
February 11 – Voting concludes in the Maine Republican caucuses, Mitt Romney is declared the winner
February 22 – Republican candidates debate on CNN in Phoenix, Arizona
February 28 – Arizona Republican Primary won by Mitt Romney
February 28 – Michigan Republican Primary won by Mitt Romney
February 29 – Wyoming caucuses won by Mitt Romney

March
March 3 – Washington state Republican caucuses – won by Mitt Romney
March 6 –  (Super Tuesday) – Romney wins six states; Santorum, three states; Gingrich wins Georgia
March 6 –  Alaska Republican district conventions – won by Mitt Romney
March 6 –  Colorado Republican caucuses – won by Santorum
March 6 –  Georgia Republican primary – won by Newt Gingrich
March 6 –  Idaho Republican caucuses – won by Mitt Romney
March 6 –  North Dakota Republican caucuses – won by Rick Santorum
March 6 –  Massachusetts primary – won by Mitt Romney
March 6 –  Minnesota Republican caucuses – won by Rick Santorum
March 6 –  Ohio Republican primary – won by Mitt Romney
March 6 –  Oklahoma Republican primary – won by Rick Santorum
March 6 –  Tennessee primary – won by Rick Santorum
March 6 –  Vermont Republican primary – won by Mitt Romney
March 6 –  Virginia Republican primary – won by Mitt Romney
March 10  –  Kansas Republican caucuses are won by Rick Santorum
March 10  –  Virgin Islands Republican caucuses are won by Ron Paul, but most of the delegates were awarded to Mitt Romney
March 11  –  Maine Democratic caucuses – won by Barack Obama
March 13  –  Alabama Republican primary; Hawaii, and American Samoa Republican caucuses; Mississippi Democratic and Republican Primaries; Utah Democratic caucuses
March 17  –  Missouri Republican caucuses (52 delegates)
March 18  –  Puerto Rico Republican caucuses – won by Romney
March 20  –  Mitt Romney wins the Illinois primaries
March 24  –  Louisiana primaries – won by Rick Santorum
March 31  –  Arizona Democratic caucuses – won by Barack Obama

April
April 3 – Maryland, Wisconsin, Washington DC primaries – won by Mitt Romney and Barack Obama, the latter of whom won enough delegates to clinch the Democratic nomination.
April 10 – Former US Senator Rick Santorum suspends his campaign for the Republican presidential nomination
April 14 – Idaho Democratic caucuses, Kansas Democratic caucuses, Nebraska Democratic caucuses, Wyoming Democratic caucuses
April 15 – Alaska Democratic caucuses, Washington Democratic caucuses
April 18–21 – 2012 Constitution Party National Convention held in Nashville, Tennessee
April 21 – Former US Congressman Virgil Goode wins the presidential nomination of the Constitution Party
April 24 – Connecticut, Delaware, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island primaries – won by Mitt Romney
April 25 – Republican National Committee declares Mitt Romney the presumptive nominee of the party

May
May 2 – Former Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich suspended his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination and endorsed Mitt Romney
May 4–6 – The 2012 Libertarian National Convention held in Las Vegas, Nevada Ron Paul wins the majority of delegates in Nevada and Maine.
May 5 – Former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson wins the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party
May 5 – Michigan Democratic caucuses, Florida Democratic caucuses
May 8 – Indiana, North Carolina, West Virginia primaries
May 15 – Nebraska, and Oregon primaries
May 22 – Arkansas, and Kentucky primaries
May 29 – Texas primaries
May 31 – Buddy Roemer ends his presidential campaign

June
June 3 – Puerto Rico Democratic caucuses
June 5 – California, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, South Dakota primaries; North Dakota Democratic caucuses
June 26 – Utah primaries
June 29 – Political consultant Fred Karger suspends his presidential campaign

July
July 12–15 – Jill Stein wins the presidential nomination of the Green Party at the party's nominating convention held in Baltimore, Maryland. Cheri Honkala is the party's vice-presidential nominee

August
August 11 – Paul Ryan, house budget chairman, is announced as Mitt Romney's vice presidential candidate
August 27–30 – Romney and Ryan are nominated for president and vice president, respectively, at the 2012 Republican National Convention held in Tampa, Florida

September
September 3–6 – Obama and Biden are nominated for president and vice president, respectively, at the 2012 Democratic National Convention held in Charlotte, North Carolina
 September 22 – Early voting begins in 12 states

October

 October 3 — First presidential debate at University of Denver in Denver, Colorado
 October 11 — Vice presidential debate at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky
 October 16 — Second presidential debate at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York
 October 22 — Third presidential debate at Lynn University in Boca Raton, Florida
 October 23 — Free and Equal Elections Foundation presidential debate at Hilton Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, moderated by Larry King
 October 25 — President Barack Obama casts early vote in Chicago
 October 29 – Hurricane Sandy pummels the East Coast, putting the campaign on hold for a few days

November
 November 4 – Early voting ends
 November 5–  Second Free and Equal Elections Foundation debate, moderated by Christina Tobin and Thom Hartmann
 November 6 – Election Day: President Barack Obama is reelected with 51% of the popular vote

December
 December 17 – The electors meet in their respective state capitals (electors for the District of Columbia meet within the district) to formally vote for the president and vice president.

2013

January
 January 4  – Electoral votes formally counted before a joint session of Congress; the President of the Senate formally announces the electoral result. (Constitution mandates this to occur on Jan. 6; since that is a Sunday in 2013 Congress voted to change it to Jan. 4 )
 January 20 – Beginning of new presidential term. In the White House Blue Room, Chief Justice John Roberts administers the presidential oath to Barack Obama and at the Naval Observatory, Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor administers the oath to Joe Biden.
 January 20-21 – Inauguration Day: Barack Obama is inaugurated for his second term as the 44th president of the United States and Joe Biden for his second term as the 47th vice president in Washington, D.C.

Election campaign 2012 candidate participation timeline
Candidate announcement and, if applicable, withdrawal dates are as follows:

See also
 2004 United States presidential election timeline
 2008 United States presidential election timeline
 2016 United States presidential election timeline
 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2012
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012

References

External links
2012 Presidential Form 2 Filers at the Federal Election Commission (FEC)

Timeline
2012
Articles which contain graphical timelines


Samuel Cockburn may refer to:

Samuel Cockburn of Templehall (died 1614), Scottish landowner and diplomat
Col. Samuel Cockburn (mercenary) (1574–1621), Scottish soldier who served in the Swedish army
Dr. Samuel Cockburn (physician) (1823–1915), outspoken Scottish advocate for homeopathy


The Marine Commandos () are an elite unit of the Lebanese Army. They are part of the Lebanese Special Operations Command. Established with assistance from the United States Navy SEALs and the British Royal Marines, they are tasked with conducting a variety of missions, particularly in a maritime environment, which include: sabotage, raids, beach landings and maritime counter-terrorism. The Marine Commandos were established in 1997, then got their administrative independence in July 2001.

History
Until 1997, the only Special forces in Lebanon was the Commando Regiment.  However, in 1997, as part of the reconstruction and the modernization of the Lebanese Armed Forces, the army command decided to establish a designated regiment for maritime special operations.

Contacts to establish and train this new, multi-purpose special unit started by approaching the United States Department of Defense and by contacting the British Ministry of Defence. Eventually a number of officer candidates were sent to train with the Royal Marines in the UK. Lower ranks were put through their paces in Lebanon by British Royal Marines Commandos. U.S. Navy SEALs also contributed to the training in both the U.S. and Lebanon.

Main tasks
The tasks of the Lebanese Marine Commandos in general are to counter enemy watercraft, conduct under-water raids, deploy and dispose of naval mines, underwater demolition, conducting joint operations with the navy, land, and air forces, and maritime counter-terrorism.  In addition, the regiment is tasked with sustaining internal security and performing search and rescue missions.

Uniform and insignia
The regiment's uniform consists of black or U.S.-style Woodland Camouflage fatigues, desert combat boots and a bordeaux beret with the regiment's insignia. In 2008, the unit also adopted the U.S. Digital Desert Camouflage to become a part of their uniforms.

The regiment's trident insignia, which is nearly identical to the U.S. Navy SEAL trident with the addition of a Cedar tree, is usually worn high on the left shoulder. The black uniform has an additional insignia on the right shoulder consisting of a red sword and the word "commando" in red above the sword - this is nearly identical to the former insignia worn on the shoulders of the British Royal Marines and Army Commandos.

Weapons, equipment and vehicles

The units weapons mainly consist of U.S. weapons.  Various weapons are used such as the M4 Carbine with M203 grenade launcher,  Heckler & Koch MP5N submachine gun, AKS-74U and M16 assault rifles, FN Minimi, M60E4, M240 and M249 light machine guns, Barrett M107 .50 Cal. sniper rifle, M24 sniper rifle, Franchi LAW-12 shotgun, M72 LAW, At-4, Mk 19 grenade launcher.

Their vehicles are the only ones among the other Lebanese Army units to be in a desert camouflage, which comes in different patterns, including a digital pattern.  Nevertheless, some vehicles are in green camouflage.  The list of their vehicles includes M113, M113 Nagman, HMMWV, CUCV, Toyota Land Cruiser, M151 jeep, M35.

Headquarter
The Marine Commandos are based in an 85,000 square-meter military complex in Amsheet. The complex contains an Heliport and a small Harbor protected by a 120-meter breakwater.

Selection and training

Reference for all this section

Special Forces School
The first step for any commando in Lebanon is at the Special Forces School, where those looking to join any of the Special Forces units receive their first training. The school is responsible for preparing those members through special fundamental courses. At the end, the graduates join their units where they will perform (in addition to their usual tasks) what they have learned during the courses.

Twenty hours of training daily
Commander of the school, Commando Lieutenant Colonel Marwan Issa, explains that the students undergo during the fundamental course, which spans three months, heavy military training, sometimes reaching 20 hours per day, and it is divided into three stages:
 Preparatory stage, spanning over three weeks, intended to prepare the students physically and mentally to continue the special forces course. At the end of this stage, the students undergo sports tests that include running for two miles, fixed bar, 45 sit-ups, and 45 push-ups. Those who pass these tests are qualified for the next stage.
 Technical stage, intended to teach the students the techniques of self-defense, and prepares them to endure the different physical and psychological stresses. This stage includes lessons for close combat (fighting and bayonets), unarmed combat, explosives, reading maps, climbing and landing, radio, patrolling techniques, urban warfare, crossing water barriers, in addition to dealing with the navy and the helicopters which is done by what is called "Rope of Confidence" that is jumping from a helicopter or a wooden bar fixed at 6 meters high.

In addition, this stage includes various calisthenics, and walking. During it, the member is exposed to severe psychological pressure like difficulties, hardships, sleep-deprevation, and not getting any chance to rest. Only those who pass this stage can move on to the next.
 Tactical stage, which involves the practical phase of the patrolling techniques, where the students apply ambushes and raids against supposed enemy targets during bad weather and living conditions, in addition to lessons on survival and being imprisoned by the enemy.

From the school to the patrolling base
This phase starts by moving from the school to a patrolling base in deserted land. It begins from the sea, where the members are isolated in the landing boat for 24 hours, followed by three hours of rowing from 3:30 AM until 6:30 AM. After this, the members land on the shore and move towards the patrolling base. Reaching the base takes around 12 to 14 hours of walking with full gear (around 25 kg). This walk starts at altitude zero and ends at around 1400 meters above sea level. In the base, the practical application of the various technical lessons, including the combat patrolling (ambushing and raiding), and surveillance patrolling takes place. The first three weeks of this training involve combat within enemy territory that's why it is performed at night, which forces the members to work for 20 hours per day.

Who makes it till the end
At the end of the third week, the members perform the imprisonment and retrieve prisoners' patrol, which is considered one of the toughest because members play the role of the prisoners and they undergo real torture similar to what they might face if they get captured by the enemy. On the fourth week (after the enemy is defeated), work is performed day and night to chase the enemy, where they begin tracing the enemy and perform different hits ranging from ambushes to raids, in addition to the "hammer and anvil patrol" in which they surround and finish-off the enemy. At the end, the members walk back to the school, a walk between 80 and 100 km, again with full gear.

Only fifteen percent of the initial number of students makes it to the graduation where they are given a commando certificate.

Additional courses
 Commando trainer course
 Storming course, storming with both the pistol and the rifle.
 Engineering support course
 Rope-expert course

Marine Commandos selection and training
Graduates from the Special Forces School, in addition other candidates, can join the Marine Commandos. The selection of those who are not graduates from the Special Forces School follows a strict guideline: a candidate, preferably below 21, must be fit, have physical strength, and have mental clarity in order to pass the early stages which include calisthenics in addition to physiological pressure assessments. Passing those tests allow the candidate to continue and follow the "Marine Commando" training. Once the candidate passes this training, he can join the Marine Commandos.

The selection and training process for the Marine Commandos is extremely demanding and rigorous and lasts around six to seven months. Candidates, other than graduates of the Special Forces School, are eligible to join from all of Lebanon’s armed forces. Barely 15 per cent make the grade.

The course of the Marine Commandos is split into phases similar to that of the U.S. Navy SEALs 'BUD/S':
 Fundamental
 Complementary
 Specialized

 Fundamental training
The fundamental training is the basic course that a Marine Commando undergoes directly after graduating from the school of Special Forces and joining the regiment. This training lasts for eight weeks and includes lessons on swimming, abseiling, handling of small boats, orienting, landing on the beach using RHIBs, in addition to lessons and maneuvers with the Navy.

This stage includes "Week of Hell" course, which is a whole week of arduous and strenuous training that includes a lot of physical pain and oppression. The soldiers push themselves to the limits to apply what is requested during a training that lasts more than 20 hours per day duringwhich they only sleep for two hours.

The goal behind this week is to fortify the capabilities and strengths of the soldiers to endure more and to sustain in front of the severe conditions which they might face during their future operations. It emphasizes on the candidates' physical aptitude and abilities.

 Complementary training
At the end of the fundamental training, the members are distributed to the different platoons of the regiment in which they follow complementary training according to their specialization. Among the training:
 Basic diving course, followed at the Navy School.
 Landing and dealing with helicopters course, through which the soldiers learn how to deal with the helicopters and board them to reach their mission location, in addition to landing from the helicopters using ropes and firing from inside them.
 Sniping course, spans over six weeks, prepares capable snipers to snipe over various distances.
 Urban Warfare course or Close Quarter Battle, performed in an urban set training area specialized for such training and a constructed beach side tire house. At the beginning blank bullets are used, then they start training with real ammunition. The goal of this course is to train the soldiers for storming buildings and houses in populated areas without putting the civilians at danger.

In addition to those courses, the complementary training includes different technical courses such as explosives expert course, which is followed at the Engineering Regiment, driving and mechanical maintenance course, followed at the Logistics Brigade, that's in addition to map-reading, orienting, and radio courses.

 Specialized training

An advanced stage of the training in each member specializes in a specific military field, such as:
 Diving
 Combat
 Storming
 Airborne operations
 Explosives and ammunition
 Hostage-rescue in the sea

 Combat diving
The peak of the training courses at the Marine Commandos is the combat diving course, which is only followed by a small number of highly capable and efficient members. An entrance examination is required.  This examination involves 9 km of swimming, 52 meters of underwater crossing, in addition to running, push ups, and sit ups. This course lasts for 18 months, and it is intended to prepare professional fighters capable of using the sea as a way to infiltrate onto the shores and conduct naval special operations and special operations behind enemy lines.

The course includes a number of cruel and cumbersome exercises such as, quick walking, running on the sand, long distance swimming, crossing tens of meters under water, swimming with tied hands and legs, dealing with ropes underwater, etc... All this in order to enhance the combat capabilities and the efficiency of the soldier, in addition to enhance his confidence in his capabilities.

The divers also follow lessons in dealing with explosives either on land or underwater, scanning and searching the shores, weaponology, dealing with boats and helicopters, radio, reading maps, survival, unarmed combat, sailing and rowing, diving accidents, special diving and environmental instructions, defensive diving (open circuit, compresses air) that reaches 60 meters deep, attack diving (closed circuit, 100% oxygen) which reaches 200 meters underwater during day and night, and helocasting boat recovery whereby the swimmer is pulled from the water by a moving boat.

Scenarios for this training includes combat patrolling that begin in the sea then attack a beach either to occupy it or clean it from obstacles and mines, which is a preparation for the following friendly units. Another scenario includes moving from the beach to raid an enemy base or radar, or to conduct an ambush against a moving enemy.

Graduates of this course are 25% of the original number, and they are considered the elite of the Navy SEALs.

With a week-long break between each segment, selection and training is extremely demanding both physically and mentally which is why there is such as high attrition rate.

Major Melad-Helali stated when asked about the training course: "If a man wants out, we don't stop him. I don't want him here just for the job, as a statistic. While he is in the unit I demand nothing less than his every thinking moment of the day".

 Daily training
A 12-hour daily training program is followed by all accepted soldiers of this regiment. It includes running for 7 to 8 km daily, journeys of the warrior, and aerial journeys. In addition to this, training on firing is done at least twice per month.

 Facts
It is allowed to lose five men during the course. The command will consider that something acceptable and will not move against the person in charge.

Operational deployments
This regiment was always among the first to be called upon when major trouble took place. In addition, it is notable that this is the only unit in the Lebanese Army to perform an operation outside Lebanon, however, it was only a search and rescue mission.

In addition to those operations, the Marine Commandos were used to restore and maintain order in some Lebanese cities at different occasions whenever major clashes or turbulences took place.

Special Operations Command

In 2008, the Lebanese Army started establishing the Special Operations command in order to group the Army's elite units. Among the regiments that were included are the Lebanese Marine Commandos.

See also

References

Lebanese Marine Commandos
Special forces of Lebanon
Military units and formations established in 1997
Military counterterrorist organizations


Grandtully (pronounced as "Grantly" and sometimes also spelt "Grantully") is a small village in Perthshire, Scotland.

It is situated close to the River Tay, about  from Pitlochry. It has a population of approximately 750 inhabitants.

Parish Church
Grandtully has a Church of Scotland parish church; it is now part of Grantully, Logierait and Strathtay Parish (within the Church of Scotland's Presbytery of Dunkeld and Meigle).

St Mary's church

In Nether Pitcairn, 3.2 km south-west of Grandtully, there is a church built by Alexander Stewart of Grandtully in, or shortly before, 1533.

It is a low and outwardly unassuming white washed building that contains a wooden tunnel vault ceiling with tempera paintings from the early 17th century commissioned by William Stewart. The paintings show scenes and persons from the bible intermixed with the coats of arms of kings and noblemen, and in addition an abundance of birds, fruits and angels, all depicted in a renaissance style with cartouches and imitated metal work. The paintings were restored in about 1950.

Grandtully Castle

Dating to 1560, although an earlier castle stood around  east and dates from 1414; only its foundations remain.

Notable people
The Drummond-Stewart baronets
Sir William Drummond Stewart of Grandtully Castle, and his son,
George Stewart, recipient of the Victoria Cross

See also
Ballechin House - a now-demolished supposedly haunted house
Grandtully rapids

References

External links

Grandtully and Strathtay

Villages in Perth and Kinross


David Douglas James Rossdale (born 22 May 1953) was the Bishop of Grimsby, a suffragan bishop (and, from 2010 until 31 January 2013, an area bishop) in the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln.

Biography
Rossdale was born on 22 May 1953. He was educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, King's College London and Roehampton University. He has a Master of Arts (MA) and a Master of Science (MSc).

After a period of study at Chichester Theological College, he was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1981 and as a priest in 1982. He began his career with a curacy at St Laurence's Church, Upminster, in the Diocese of Chelmsford from 1981 to 1986. He was then Vicar of St Luke's, Moulsham, Chelmsford, and finally (before his elevation as bishop) Vicar of Cookham and Area Dean of Maidenhead. He retired effective 6 April 2013. Since 2013, he has been an honorary assistant bishop in the Diocese of Lincoln.

Views
On 11 February 2017, fourteen retired bishops signed an open letter to the then-serving bishops of the Church of England. In an unprecedented move, they expressed their opposition to the House of Bishops' report to General Synod on sexuality, which recommended no change to the Church's canons or practises around sexuality. By 13 February, a serving bishop (Alan Wilson, Bishop of Buckingham) and nine further retired bishops – including Rossdale – had added their signatures; on 15 February, the report was rejected by synod.

Styles
The Reverend David Rossdale (1981–1994)
The Reverend Canon David Rossdale (1994–2000)
The Right Reverend David Rossdale (2000–present)

References

1953 births
People educated at St John's School, Leatherhead
Alumni of Chichester Theological College
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of the University of Roehampton
21st-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
Living people
Bishops of Grimsby


The BSA Lightning Rocket was a Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) motorcycle made in Birmingham. A highly-tuned version of the BSA A65R Rocket, it was BSA's bid to capture the potentially lucrative USA export market in the mid-1960s. Twin Amal 389/206 carburetors and high-compression pistons, combined with an optional close-ratio gearbox, gave lively acceleration.

Sharing many A65 cycle parts, the Lightning Rocket had a slimmer fuel tank and mudguards, with additional chrome. From 1965, the A65 was discontinued in the UK and the BSA A65L Lightning became the main BSA production twin.

See also
 BSA Royal Star
 BSA Spitfire

References

Lighting Rocket
Standard motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 1964


Carlo Fadda (1853–1931) was an Italian jurist and politician.

Fadda, a leading Italian expert of Roman law in general and the Pandects in particular, taught law in Macerata, Genoa and Naples. He published numerous monographs, textbooks and articles on civil law.

Moreover, Fadda was a member of numerous scholarly academies and governmental commissions. In 1912, he was appointed a senator.

References

1853 births
1931 deaths
20th-century Italian politicians
19th-century Italian jurists
20th-century Italian jurists


Evy Gunilla Palm (born January 31, 1942 in Lidköping, Västra Götaland) is a female athlete from Sweden, who competes in the long-distance events. She represented her native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics, finishing in 24th place in the women's marathon at the age of 46. In the lead up to the Olympics, she set the current Masters W45 World Record in the 10,000 metres.  Palm is a three-time winner of the Stockholm Marathon.

She won the City-Pier-City Loop half marathon in the Hague in 1988.

Records
Her Swedish half marathon records:

 44 years 1.12.11 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Gothenburg 86-05-10
 46 " 1.11.18 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Östnor 88-07-16 VSM
 48 " 1.16.23 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Skellefteå 90-07-14 VSM
 49 " 1.12.36 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Haag HOL 91-03-24
 55 " 1.25.08 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Gothenburg 97-05-24
 56 " 1.27.37 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Gothenburg 98-05-16

Her Swedish marathon records:

 44 years 2.32.47 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Boston USA 86-04-21
 45 " 2.35.14 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Stockholm 87-05-30
 46 " 2.31.35 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 London GBR 88-04-17
 47 " 2.31.05 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 London GBR 89-04-23
 48 " 2.38.00 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 New York USA 90-11-04
 55 " 3.05.39 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Stockholm 97-06-07 SM
 56 " 3.04.27 Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Stockholm 98-06-07 SM
 61 " 3.24.52N Evy Palm Mölndals AIK 31jan42 Stockholm 03-06-14

Achievements

References

1942 births
Living people
Swedish female long-distance runners
Swedish female marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Sweden
Swedish masters athletes
World record holders in masters athletics
People from Lidköping Municipality
Sportspeople from Västra Götaland County


Arbovirus is a Bangladeshi rock band formed in 2001 in Dhaka.
They have released four Studio Albums, one EP, and twelve singles through various mixed albums.

History

Formation and early years (2001-2005)

Guitarist Duo Suharto Sherif and Asif Asgar Ranjan formed the band with Ishtiaq Ahmed Shobhon on vocals and Ahsanur Rahman Himel on drums in 2001.

Around mid-2002, Ishtiaq Jishan and Farhan Tanim joined as bassist, and drummer respectively.
In the same year, Sufi joined as a vocal to complete the lineup.

Band's early releases include singles like "আর্তনাদ (ARTONAD)" in the mixed album "আগন্তুক-২ (AGONTUK-2)", which earned them their first record deal with the label G-Series.

64m 53s (2006)

Band released their debut album 64m 53s on July 20, 2006, under the banner of G-Series.

On 26 January 2006, Arbovirus performed their first international show at the Salt Lake Stadium on the eve of Indian Republic Day along with Warfaze, Artcell, Metal Maze, Lakkhichhara, Cactus (Indian band), Insomnia (band), and Fossils.

Struggle with the line up (2008-2011)

In 2008 Jishan moved abroad to pursue higher education. Tanim followed the same path in 2009. Aldnane Alam joined shortly after Jishan left. Shuvo (Ex Aurthohin) joined as a drummer, but he also left the band in 2011.

In 2012 drummer Nafeez Al Amin joined the band.

Montobbo Nishproyojon (2012-2013)

In 2012 - partnering with Livesquare, and Apex Footwear Sprint as a sponsor - band signed a deal for the second album.

In December 2012 the band performed in the "Urban Youth Festival".

They made two collaborative tracks with Beatbaksho, rapper Amewu and one of the Voice of the Germany producer DJ Werd. They also performed the entire set on the Ekushey TV, including their title track "Raise Your Voice", and "Grime Time".

Arbovirus released their second album Montobbo Nishproyojon on 5 July 2013 at the Russian Cultural Center.
The album consists of eight tracks.
In order to bridge the seven years gap with their audience the band decided to give it away as a free digital download, and never released any physical version of it until the release of Bishesh Droshtobbo.

Bishesh Droshtobbo (2017)

Their third album, Bishesh Droshtobbo, was initially planned as a B-side album of the second album with the left over tracks from their second album. But later on the band decided to add more songs to it and release it as a full-length album which now consists of nine tracks.

Band organized their first ever solo concert since their foundation to commemorate 15 years of the band and the launching of their third album. The concert was held on 13 January 2017 in Russian Cultural Center. The album was released on their YouTube channel, and double CD of both Montobyo Nishproyojon and Bishesh Droshtobbo was made available through pre-order home-delivery.
Since the band did not sign up with any record label, they took over the CD production and packaging among the teammates. All the packaging were personally done by the band members and associated teammates.

Lyrics

All of the lyrics are written in Bangla, and written by Ranjan, except for 'Artonad' by Shobhon, 'Ja Ichhe Tai', and 'Shottogatha' by Sufi and 'Shopnadishto' by Rumman.

Associated acts
Guitarist Ranjan has been contributing to different bands as a lyricist for quite a long time, even long before he formed the band. He has contributed lyrics to many prominent musicians including Miles, Artcell, and Aurthohin.
Besides – he has an experimental project named Purple Haze, Lare Lappa, and recently Offend My Ego.

On 15 January 2015, Sufi along with Polash from Warfaze, Shakib from Cryptic Fate, Jamshed from Powersurge performed at the curtain closing show of Rockstrata, one of the pioneering Heavy Metal bands of Bangladesh.

Bassist Aldnane also has been playing and writing lyrics for the experimental rock band Kral. He is also a part of the Progressive Instrumental supergroup Air and Air who has released its first studio album in 2014.

Drummer Nafeez has previously played for Dethrow, Breach, Kronic, Elita Karim and Friends, and Jazzy Chopsticks.
In 2019 Nafeez got the endorsement from Soultone Cymbals.

Dispute over the line-up and rights
After September 2022, Suharto had hired the then-touring members (Shahan Kamal Uday, Muntasir Mamun Shopno, Shams Alim Biswas, Syaemul Islam Riyad) as the permanent members without any prior consent from the present, original members (Ranjan, Aldnane, Nafeez, Sufi). Apart from that he had also taken full control over all the social media platforms deleting one EP OTOPOR, and one live album BISHESH DROSHTOBBO : SHORASHORI SHOMPROCHAR which was written and composed by the rest four members. On June 25, 2023 Suharto received legal notice from the original members to refrain from performing under the name 'ARBOVIRUS'.

Discography

Studio albums
 64m 53s (20 July 2006)
 Montobbo Nishproyojon (5 July 2013)
 Bishesh Droshtobbo (13 January 2017)
 Bishesh Droshtobbo : Shorashori Shomprochar (01 June 2017)

Extended play
 Otopor (14 April 2019)

Singles (in various mixed albums)
 Aartonad in Agantuk 2 (2003)
 Obhishap in Din Bodol (2004)
 Shopnadishto in Lokayot (2004)
 Shohor in Boka Manushta {ft. Sumon 'BassBaba' of Aurthohin} (2007)
 Shurjo Shontan in Live Now (2007)
 Prayoshchitto in Bonno {ft. Fuad Almuqtadir} (2007)
 Addhek Kotha in Rock 101 (2008)
 Keu Karo Noy in Rock 202 (2009)
 Prarthona in Rock 505 (2010)
 Bangladesh Gori in Gorje Uttho Bangladesh (2011)
 Agontuk in Rock 606 (2011)
 Goal in Rock 808 (2015)
 Poddar Gaan in Nodi Rocks Project (2022)

Band members

Current members
 Asif Asgar Ranjan – Lyrics, Guitars (2001–present)
 Ashrafuzzaman Yousufi (Sufi Maverick) – Vocals (2003–2022; 2023-present)
 Ahmed Aldnane Alam - Bass (2009–present)
 Nafeez Al Amin – Drums (2012–present)

Former members
 Suharto Sherif – Guitars, Vocals (2001–2023)
 Ishtiaq Ahmed Shovon – Vocals (2001–2003)
 Ahsanur Rahman Himel – Drums (2001–2003)
 Ishtiaq Hossain Jishan – Bass (2003–2008)
 Farhan Tanim – Drums (2003–2009)
 Muntasir Mamun Shuvo – Drums (2010–2011)
 Fasihuddin Ahmed - Guitars (2016- 2020)
 Mong Sai Marma - Bass (2016-2021)

Timeline

References

Bangladeshi heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2002
Nu metal musical groups


The Roussillon Grand Prix (Grand Prix du Roussillon) was a Grand Prix motor racing event that was held between 1946 and 1949 in the streets of Perpignan, France. The race used the  Circuit des Patanes around the Square Bir Hakeim. In 1948, the grand prix was a part of the Formula 2 series. The Roussillon Grand Prix disappeared after four years, for safety reasons.

A motorbike race was also held in the circuit the same day between 1946 and 1952.

The 1–2 October 1994, an auto-moto historic Grand Prix was organised on the same street circuit. Maurice Trintignant, winner of the 1948 edition was present.

Winners of the Grand Prix du Roussillon

GPR: Grand Prix motor racing. F2: Formula Two.

Motorcycle Grand Prix

References

External links
Picture of the circuit
 Introduction to the Roussillon Grand Prix
 The 1949 Roussillon Grand Prix


Ayton railway station was a station which served the village of Ayton in the Scottish area of Scottish Borders. It was located on what is now known as the East Coast Main Line. The station was also served by trains on the Berwickshire Railway which diverged from the main line at .

History
Opened by the North Eastern Railway, it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station then passed on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

The station was closed by British Railways in 1962.

References

Notes

Sources

 Station on navigable O.S. map

External links
 Ayton station on navigable 1947 O. S. map
 RAILSCOT on Berwickshire Railway
 RAILSCOT on North British Railway

Disused railway stations in the Scottish Borders
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1846
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962
Former North British Railway stations
1846 establishments in Scotland


Rok Kopitar (born May 5, 1959 in Celje) is a former Slovenian athlete who placed 5th in the 400 m hurdles final at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, competing for Yugoslavia. He won a gold medal in the same event at the 1979 Mediterranean Games in Split.

Kopitar's personal best over 400 m hurdles was 49.11 s, set in 1980, and still standing as a Slovenian national record .

References
 Rok Kopitar at Sports Reference
 http://www.oks.org.rs/mi08e.htm

Living people
1959 births
Olympic athletes for Yugoslavia
Slovenian male hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Celje
Yugoslav male hurdlers
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Yugoslavia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Mediterranean Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Yugoslavia
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics


The 50th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 14th Flying Training Wing based at Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi.  It operates Northrop T-38C Talon aircraft conducting flight training.

Mission
Training Combat Pilots for America

The advanced phase of undergraduate pilot training is conducted by the 50th Flying Training Squadron. This phase consists of 110 hours of flight instruction in the Northrop T-38C. Training includes advanced aircraft handling, tactical navigation, fluid maneuvering and an increased emphasis in two- and four-ship formation. At the completion of training, the graduate is awarded the aeronautical rating of pilot.

History

World War II

The 50th flew patrols on the West Coast of the United States from February–June 1942 then provided air defense of Iceland from August 1942-February 1944.  It was not operational between February 1944 and its inactivation in August 1944.

Air Force reserves
The squadron was active in the reserve from 1947 to 1949.

Flying training
The squadron has conducted undergraduate pilot training since, 1 June 1972.

Lineage
 Constituted as the 50th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) on 20 November 1940
 Activated on 15 January 1941
 Redesignated 50th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) on 15 May 1942
 Redesignated 50th Fighter Squadron, Two Engine on 28 February 1944
 Disbanded on 9 August 1944
 Reconstituted and redesignated 50th Fighter Squadron (All Weather) on 23 May 1947
 Activated in the reserve on 12 June 1947
 Inactivated on 27 June 1949
 Redesignated 50th Flying Training Squadron on 22 Mar 1972
 Activated on 1 June 1972

Assignments
 14th Pursuit Group (later 14th Fighter Group), 15 January 1941
 342d Composite Group, 14 November 1942
 Eighth Air Force, February–9 Aug 1944 (attached to 8th Reconnaissance Group (Provisional) [later, 802d Reconnaissance Group {Provisional)])
 Second Air Force, 12 June 1947
 381st Bombardment Group, 30 September 1947 – 27 June 1949
 14th Flying Training Wing, 1 Jun 1972
 14th Operations Group, 15 December 1991 – present

Stations

 Hamilton Field, California, 15 January 1941
 March Field, California, 10 June 1941
 Metropolitan Oakland Municipal Airport, California, 8 February 1942
 Hamilton Field, California, 9 May–16 July 1942
 RAF Atcham (Station 342), England, 18 August 1942 (operated from Meeks Field, Iceland)
 Meeks Field, Iceland, 14 November 1942

 RAF Nuthampstead (Station 131), England, Feb 1944
 RAF Cheddington (Station 113), England, c. 15 Mar 1944
 RAF Watton (Station 376), England, 12 April–9 August 1944
 Offutt Field (later Offutt Air Force Base), Nebraska, 12 June 1947 – 27 June 1949
 Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi, 1 Jun 1972 – present)

Aircraft

 Curtiss P-40 Warhawk (1941–1942)
 Lockheed P-38 Lightning (1942–1944)
 North American AT-6 Texan (1947–1949)
 Northrop T-38A Talon (1972–2003)
 Northrop T-38C Talon (2002–Present)

See also

 50 FTS Performing Atlanta Braves Opening Day Flyover

References

Notes

Bibliography

•	Malayney, Norman, The 25th Bomb Group (Rcn) in World War II, 2011, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., ISBN 978-0-7643-3950-9, Section: 50th Fighter Squadron pp-22-30.

External links
50th Flying Training Squadron Website
Columbus AFB Public Site:
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071123064834/http://www.columbus.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5233

Military units and formations in Mississippi
0050


WYDS (93.1 FM) is a Top 40/CHR-formatted station licensed in Decatur, Illinois, and is currently known on-air as "93.1 The Party." The station can be heard into Springfield, Illinois. Its main competitor is WSOY-FM, which also has a Top 40/CHR format.

Uniquely, the station has used all three available HD Radio subchannels to air different programming: HD2 as urban adult contemporary, HD3 as classic country, and HD4 as sports talk. The station owners apportioned translators to ensure that to the greatest extent possible, the population targeted and station coverage matched. HD radio supporters argue that this allows the owners to maximize revenue, by allowing all demographics to be targeted, not just those who would be listening to the original signal.

References

External links
WYDS Website

Macon County, Illinois
YDS-FM
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1993
1993 establishments in Illinois


Christopher Richard James Foster (born 7 November 1953) is a retired Anglican bishop who served as Bishop of Portsmouth in the Church of England from 2010 to 2021.

Early life
Foster was born on 7 November 1953. He was educated at Durham University where he held the position of Chapel Clerk at University College. He studied for ordination at Westcott House, Cambridge.

Career
Foster was made a deacon on St Peter's Day (29 June) 1980 and ordained a priest the following Petertide (28 June 1981) – both times by Kenneth Skelton, Bishop of Lichfield, at Lichfield Cathedral – and began his ordained ministry with a curacy in Tettenhall Regis in Wolverhampton, after which he became chaplain of Wadham College, Oxford. Following this he was vicar of Christ Church Southgate and finally a canon residentiary and sub-dean at St Albans Cathedral.

On 21 October 2001, he was consecrated a bishop by George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Southwark Cathedral, to serve the Diocese of St Albans as suffragan Bishop of Hertford. In February 2010, it was announced that Foster would be the new Bishop of Portsmouth. He was enthroned on 18 September 2010.

On 13 December 2020, he announced that he would be retiring as Bishop of Portsmouth from April 2021. His retired on 24 April 2021.

Views

Welfare reform
Foster has spoken out against the Conservative government's changes to the welfare state and austerity measures. In October 2015, he called proposed cuts to tax credits "morally indefensible":

Personal life
Foster's first wife died in 2001; they have two adult children. He married his second wife, Sally, in 2006.

Styles
 The Reverend Christopher Foster (1981–1994)
 The Reverend Canon Christopher Foster (1994–2001)
 The Right Reverend Christopher Foster (2001–present)

References

1953 births
Alumni of University College, Durham
21st-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Hertford
Bishops of Portsmouth (Anglican)
Lords Spiritual
Living people


The Afternoon Play is a British television anthology series, which consists of standalone contemporary dramas first shown during the daytime on BBC One. The first episode, entitled "Turkish Delight", aired on 27 January 2003. Since, a total of twenty-five episodes have been broadcast across five series. The last episode was broadcast on 26 January 2007. The series was nominated for a BAFTA award in 2005 for Best New Director for an episode directed by the actress Sarah Lancashire. As of 2009, the series has been replaced in the schedules by fellow anthology series Moving On, which follows a very similar format.

Transmissions

Episodes

Series 1 (2003)

Series 2 (2004)

Series 3 (2005)

Series 4 (2006)

Series 5 (2007)

See also
 Armchair Theatre
 Theatre 625
 The Wednesday Play
 ITV Playhouse
 Play for Today
 Screen One

References

External links

2000s British drama television series
2003 British television series debuts
2000s British anthology television series
British drama television series
English-language television shows
2007 British television series endings
BBC Daytime television series


Four on a Garden is a set of four One-act plays that were presented on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre from January 30, 1971, until March 20, 1971. The set included House of Dunkelmayer, Betty, Toreador, and The Swingers. The four plays were originally written by French playwrights Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy  but were adapted into English by Abe Burrows. Burrows directed the show whose cast included Sid Caesar, Carol Channing, Tommy Lee Jones, and George S. Irving.

Sources

1971 plays
Broadway plays
One-act plays


Sam Weisman is an American film director. He has directed the films D2: The Mighty Ducks, Bye Bye Love, George of the Jungle, The Out-of-Towners, What's the Worst That Could Happen?, and Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star. Weisman is a 1973 graduate of Brandeis University's MFA program in Acting and Directing. He earned a BA in Music History from Yale University, where he was a member of the second longest running a cappella group in the nation, The Society of Orpheus and Bacchus.

Personal life
His brother was the film producer David Weisman.

Sam Weisman is married to former Knots Landing actress Constance McCashin, with whom he has two children: Marguerite Weisman, an editorial assistant an editor at Penguin Random House, and Daniel Weisman, formerly a music manager, who managed Capital Cities, Wale and Mike Posner, now in wealth management.

Filmography
 Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star (2003)
 What's the Worst That Could Happen? (2001)
The Out-of-Towners (1999)
 George of the Jungle (1997)
 Bye Bye Love (1995)
 D2: The Mighty Ducks (1994)
 Mimi & Me (1991)
 The Art of Being Nick (1986)
Taking It Home (1986)

References

External links

American film directors
1947 births
American television directors
Comedy film directors
Living people
Brandeis University alumni
Yale School of Music alumni


Football at the 1998 Asian Games was held in Thailand from 30 November to 19 December 1998. 24 countries participated in the football competition.

Iran won the men's gold medal with the skeleton of the team that played in the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France with addition of some new players. Iran won the goal medal defeating Kuwait in the final 2–0. China beat the host team Thailand 3–0 in the bronze medal match to finish third.

China won the women's competition after beating North Korea 1–0 after the extra time.

Schedule

Medalists

Medal table

Draw

Men

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

 *

Group E

 *

 *

Group F

Group G

Group H

* Withdrew

Women

Group A

Group B

Squads

Final standing

Men

Women

References
 RSSSF

External links
Results
Asian Football Results 1998

1998 Asian Games events
1998
Asian Games
Asian Games
1998 Asian Games


Rosalinde Haas (born January 7, 1932, in Schramberg, Baden-Württemberg) is a German organist.

Biography
Haas's father was the organist at a local church; she learned at age seven to play the pedal parts during services. At 16 she attended Stuttgart's Academy of Music, graduating to work with Maestro Fernando Germani at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome.  She studied with Helmut Walcha in Frankfurt am Main, and later at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena, Italy, at a time when Siena was crowded with aspiring musicians: Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, George Enescu, Gaspar Cassado, Nathan Milstein, and Paul van Kempen among them.  She studied music religiously, in a culture of religious music.

Haas's concert repertoire includes works by Johann Sebastian Bach, César Franck, Charles Widor, Max Reger, Marcel Dupré, Maurice Duruflé, Olivier Messiaen, and contemporary compositions by Paul Hindemith and Max Baumann. With the support of her husband, professor of musicology Peter Krams, she recorded all of Max Reger's organ works for the MD&G label between 1988 and 1990 including arrangements of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier for organ. Haas has also taught, including as Professor of Organ at the Robert Schumann Academy in Düsseldorf, where she taught pupils to use their feet "as if they were Speedy Gonzales".

Much of her professional career was spent in Frankfurt am Main, where she was the organist at St. Leonhard's Church (1956-1980) and then in Niederrad (1980-1992).

Since retiring these posts Haas plays the organ and harpsichord at home, concentrating on Bach's Kunst der Fuge, Goldberg Variations, and Leipziger Chorale.

References

 Anderson, Christopher Max Reger and Karl Straube: Perspectives on an Organ Performing Tradition. Ashgate Publishing (2003).
 Flegler, Joel. Fanfare. (1990).
 Records in Review. Wyeth Press (1972).
 The American Record Guide. Record Guide Productions (1990).

Living people
1932 births
German organists
Women organists
21st-century organists
21st-century women musicians
Accademia Musicale Chigiana alumni


Yang Berhormat Muhamad Radhi bin Mat Din (born 17 July 1965) is a Malaysian football coach, former footballer, and politician.

Football career

He spent his entire career by playing in midfield for Kedah FA, where he was also the longest serving captain in club history starting from 1991 to 2000. Radhi made his debut in 1986 and cemented his place in the first team in the 1987 season, succeeding Lee Kin Hong as Kedah team captain in 1991.

Radhi was an integral part in the golden era of the Darul Aman based club during the 1980s and 1990s where Kedah reached the Malaysia Cup final matches for seven times from 1987 to 1993. He collected two Malaysia Cup winners medal in 1990 and 1993; Division 1 title in 1993; and FA Cup in 1996. After Kedah won the League and FA Cup championship in 1993, Radhi was honoured with the Malaysian Best Player.

Radhi had a good goal-scoring record, tackle, corner-kick taker and pass well. He represented Malaysia for about four years from 1989 to 1993. Radhi also known by the nickname "Captain Marvel" among Kedah fans during his playing careers with his similar characters of English former footballer Bryan Robson.

Radhi played for the Malaysia national football team at the 1989 Sea Games and won gold medal.

After his playing career ended, he was employed by Kedah, serving as their second tactician behind Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah alongside his former teammate and Kedah legendary goalkeeper Ahmad Sabri Ismail which three of them generated Kedah to clinched the double treble titles in 2006/07 and 2007/08 M.League seasons.

Political career

On 14 April 2018, Radhi was announced as a candidate of Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) for the federal constituency of Pokok Sena, Kedah in the 2018 Malaysia general election. In the election, Radhi garnered 23,401 votes and was defeated by the incumbent Mahfuz Omar from Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH) of Pakatan Harapan (PH) by majority of 5558 votes. He later appointed as member of Kedah state assemblyman for Alor Mengkudu after defeated Mahfuz Omar in 2023.

Election results

References

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Kedah
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian men's footballers
Malaysia men's international footballers
Kedah Darul Aman F.C. players
SEA Games silver medalists for Malaysia
SEA Games medalists in football
Competitors at the 1989 SEA Games
Men's association football midfielders
Malaysian sportsperson-politicians
Malaysian Islamic Party politicians
21st-century Malaysian politicians


Charles Jean Baptiste Florian Faider (6 September 1811 in Triest – 6 April 1893 in Brussels) was a Belgian jurist and politician.

Life
After studies and a doctorate in Liège and Leuven, Faider practiced law as an advocate before joining the Belgian civil service. He was appointed assistant prosecutor in Leuven 1837, head prosecutor in Antwerp 1842 and solicitor general in Brussels 1844. From 1852 to 1855 he served as minister of Justice under Henri de Brouckère and continued to serve as solicitor general thereafter.

Faider authored a remarkable number of publications in a great variety of legal fields of study. He was a permanent contributor to five legal journals. His most lasting contribution to Belgian law, however, are the briefs he submitted to the Cour de Cassation. Demanding that "verdicts must conform to positive law as well as the necessities created by the changes in society", he helped Belgian courts establish a judicial tradition independent from that of France.

References

1811 births
1893 deaths
Belgian jurists