Tall-i Bakun or Tall-e Bakun (in modern Fars Province, Iran) was a prehistoric site in the Ancient Near East about 3 kilometers south of Persepolis in the Kor River basin. It was inhabited around 4000-3500 BC.

Archaeology
The site consists of two mounds, A (about 2 hectares in area) and B. In 1928, exploratory excavation was done by Ernst Herzfeld, of the University of Berlin. Alexander Langsdorff and Donald McCown conducted full scale excavations in 1932. Additional work was done at the site in 1937 by Erich Schmidt leading the Persepolis Expedition of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
 Some limited work, a single trench, was done at Tall-i Bakun by a team from the Tokyo University led by Namio Egami and Seiichi Masuda in 1956.
The most recent excavations, 3 small trenches, were by a joint team of the Oriental Institute and the Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization in 2004.

History

The site was active from circa 6th millennium BC to circa 4th millennium BC.

Tall-i Bakun phase A was inhabited c. 4000-3500 BC. Four layers can be distinguished. Layer III was the best preserved and shows a settlement in which the residential buildings were built close together with no roads or paths. Individual houses consisted of several rooms. Remains of mural paintings and of wooden columns suggest a once rich interior. Richly painted pottery was produced. There were also ceramic female figurines and those of animals. Artifactual remains from the site include objects made of copper, pottery and stone.

Around 140 fired clay sealings were found in various buildings, the majority being from use as door seals. They were created using stamp seals.

The wealth and variety of material items at Bakun and the evidence of large workshop areas point to the existence of local industry and connection/trade with distant regions such as the Persian Gulf, the central plateau, Kerman, and northeastern Iran whence goods like shells, copper, steatite, lapis, and turquoise were procured. If my inferences are correct, we have a settlement that is spatially arranged according to its functional needs and socio-economic organization.

Four other nearby Bakun period sites Tall-i jaleyan Tappeh Rahmatabad, Tol-e Nurabad, and Tol-e Pir were three times larger than Tall-i Bakun 'A'.

Kiln technology
Tall-i Bakun 'A' is the only site in the area providing a long sequence of ancient kilns. These double-chamber kilns were in use for at least 300 years with no significant changes.

A number of other kilns in the Near East share some elements of the Bakun kilns. There are close parallels with those of Tepe Gawra of the same time period. Also there are parallels with those from the Sinai Peninsula of the Egyptian New Kingdom period. Similar designs are not found elsewhere in the Levant.

Bakun culture
The Bakun culture flourished in the Fars Province of Iran in the fifth and early fourth millenniums BC. It had a long duration and wide geographical distribution. Its pottery tradition was as sophisticated as that of Susa I. Nevertheless, it was mostly a nomadic culture, and its settlements were typically much smaller than those of Susa.

Bakun pottery (Bakun-ware) is known in the Fars region in the form of bowls and jugs with green, reddish brown or deep brown bands and stripes.

Outside Fars this pottery has been found in northern Khuzestan, in the Bakhtiari mountains, and in the Behbahan and Zuhreh regions.

In the late fifth and early fourth millennia BC, Bakun A settlements were at once manufacturing sites and centres for the administration of production and trade. Their painted pottery featured some unusual specific motifs, such as large-horned mountain
sheep and goats, that were rare or unique elsewhere.

After the decline of Bakun, Lapui period followed. In recent publications, Bakun period is dated 4800-4100 BC, and the Lapui period is dated to 4100-3500 BC.

Gallery
Examples of pottery from Tall-e Bukan

See also
lakh Mazar
List of Iranian artifacts abroad
Rahmatabad Mound
 Cities of the ancient Near East

Notes

Further reading
 Alexander Langsdorff and Donald McCown, "Socio-Economic Complexity in Southwestern Iran During the Fifth and Fourth Millennia BC: The Evidence from Tall-e Bakun A", Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, Iran, vol. 26, pp. 17–34, 1988

External links

 Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Series 5: Drawings and Maps, Records of Tall-e Bakun Collections Search Center, S.I.R.I.S., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
 Finding Aids Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Site photograph from the Oriental Institute
Bowl from Tall-i Bakun at the British Museum

Archaeological sites in Iran
Buildings and structures in Fars Province
National works of Iran


Horaga selina, the Selina's onyx, is  a species of lycaenid or hairstreak butterfly found in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Range
H. selina is endemic to Sulawesi. It was first found in the central region and was known until 1985 from only a single holotype specimen. It has since been found in the southern region and also in the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, northern Sulawesi, during the Royal Entomological Society's 1985 Project Wallace expedition.

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)

Cited references

Horaga
Butterflies described in 1895


Shenzhen Open University (), formerly known as Shenzhen Radio and TV University (), is an educational institute in Shenzhen, China, headquartered in Luohu district, with branches in 4 other districts.

References

External links
Official site in Chinese

Universities and colleges in Shenzhen


The Pittsburgh, Johnstown, Ebensburg and Eastern Railroad was a railroad corporation in Pennsylvania, intended to unite two local short lines in Clearfield, Blair and Cambria Counties and create a coal-hauling railroad to compete with the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). Highly speculative, the railroad never had the financing necessary to begin construction. Chartered in 1897, it began to lose control of the two short lines in 1900, but continued to litigate the matter until 1909. Left a paper corporation without railroad property, it was dissolved a few years later.

Charter and origins
The company was chartered on October 2, 1897, to build a railroad between the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Johnstown and the Altoona and Philipsburg Connecting Railroad (A&PC) at Ramey. The line would climb north from Johnstown along Hinkston Run to Ebensburg, and turn east to cut across the drainages to Loretto. From there, it would follow the PRR's Cresson and Irvona Branch, connecting with the Altoona and Beech Creek Railroad (A&BC) at Dean before turning away to cross the Pennsylvania and Northwestern Railroad at Utahville and descending to Ramey. It obtained a lease of the A&PC on October 20, 1897.

The principal figure behind the line was Samuel P. Langdon, a mine owner in the Clearfield Coalfield. Rail shipments from the coalfield were almost entirely controlled by the PRR, and Langdon had already chartered and built the A&PC and engaged in a court battle for control of the A&BC. The PJE&E represented an extension of Langdon's original plan to connect the two railroads, giving Altoona and the southern Clearfield Coalfield an alternative outlet to the PRR, via the Beech Creek Railroad (New York Central) at Philipsburg. Langdon's earlier battle for control of the A&BC (then known as the Altoona, Clearfield & Northern) had ended in failure when a group of stockholders he had contracted with failed to deliver a controlling interest in the railroad. In the aftermath, he brought suit against the group, who subsequently gained control of the AC&N after it was foreclosed and reorganized as the A&BC. To settle the lawsuit, they leased the A&BC to the PJE&E on highly favorable terms.

Failure
Langdon's plan was speculative in the extreme. Construction south of Loretto would be difficult and the grade steep; nor was the A&BC's steep, twisting line into Altoona particularly suitable for heavy coal traffic. Short on funds, no construction work was done on the PJE&E proper. It did order two narrow gauge engines for the A&BC in 1901. In the meantime, the lease of the A&BC was annulled by the Court of Common Pleas of Blair County in 1900, due to Langdon's failure to complete the PJE&E. The latter company appealed to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and obtained an extension until January 1, 1902, to complete its railroad and retain the lease. It did not succeed in doing any new construction, and the Blair County sheriff ejected the PJE&E's officers from the A&BC at the end of 1901.

The PJE&E did continue to operate the A&PC from Phillipsburg to Ramey. On August 1, 1903, the PJE&E was sold to the New York and Pittsburg Central Railroad, an unincorporated railroad run by Langdon. However, suit was brought against the company by the A&PC bondholders, including W.L. Shellenberger, president of the A&BC and head of the stockholders whom Langdon had sued. They sought to have the A&PC placed in receivership, terminating the PJE&E operation. Legal skirmishing continued for the next several years, during which Langdon sold off two of the A&PC's new engines. The case was finally settled in 1906, when the court ordered the A&PC to be sold on April 1, 1906, should it default on the first mortgage payments, as it inevitably would.

Legal maneuvers
On April 1, it was announced that the A&PC had been bought by the New York and Pittsburgh Air Line Railroad, which had been organized on March 22, 1906. One of the directors was John Langdon, a mine owner in Huntingdon County and probably a relative and agent of Samuel P. As the road was then in the hands of a court-appointed receiver, the NY&PAL's ability to carry out this transaction was highly suspect. It did briefly operate the A&PC, which in the meantime was sold to David L. Krebs, for the bondholders; the sheriff of Clearfield County turned the railroad over to him on September 27, and it was reorganized as the Philipsburg Railroad the next year. Litigation by the NY&PAL to regain control continued, unsuccessfully, until 1909. The PJE&E, which had managed to get a number of the A&PC's gondola cars returned to Langdon's Oak Ridge Coal Co. rather than to the A&PC, remained in existence as a paper railroad and was foreclosed on April 12, 1909. It was reorganized as the Philipsburg and Johnstown Railroad on September 14, 1909, and was listed as defunct by the Public Utilities Commission in 1911–1912.

Citations

References

Transportation in Blair County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
Defunct Pennsylvania railroads


Yohanan Aharoni (Hebrew:יוחנן אהרוני)(7 June 1919 – 9 February 1976) was an Israeli archaeologist and historical geographer, chairman of the Department of Near East Studies and chairman of the Institute of Archaeology at Tel-Aviv University.

Life
Born to the Aronheim family, in Germany on 7 June 1919, Aharoni immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1933. He studied at the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa, and later at the Mikve Yisrael agricultural school. He married Miriam Gross and became a member of kibbutz Alonim.

Career
Aharoni studied archaeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and began to teach there in 1954. By 1966, he became a professor at the university. However, in 1968, he moved to Tel-Aviv University and became chairman of the Department of Near East Studies and chairman of the Institute of Archaeology.

Aharoni participated in many excavations, including Ramat Rachel, Tel Arad, Tel Be'er Sheva, Tel Hazor and Lachish. He also studied ancient roadways in the Negev, and participated in the discovery of the Bar Kokhba caves while surveying and excavating the Dead Sea region in 1953.

Publications
In addition to numerous articles published in archaeological journals, Aharoni wrote several books:

 The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography (1967); original Hebrew edition: 'Land of Israel in Biblical Times - Historical Geography', Bialik Institute (1962)
 Beer-Sheba I: Excavations at Tel Beer-Sheba , 1969-1971 (1973)
 Investigations at Lachish: The sanctuary and the residency  (1975)
 The Arad Inscriptions with Joseph Naveh (1981) - English version
 Macmillan Bible Atlas with Michael Avi-Yonah (1993)
 Carta Bible Atlas (2002)
 The Archaeology of the Land of Israel (1978)

References

External links
 Rainey, Anson F. "In Memoriam: Yohanan Aharoni" The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 39, No. 2 (May, 1976), pp. 53–54 JSTOR

1919 births
1976 deaths
People from Frankfurt (Oder)
People from the Province of Brandenburg
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Israeli archaeologists
Academic staff of Tel Aviv University
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
20th-century archaeologists


Bai Wan Da Ying Jia (Chinese: 百万大赢家, English translation: Million-dollar winner) was a Singaporean game show based on the original British format of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. The show was hosted by Chao Chi-Tai. The main goal of the game was to win 1 million Singapore dollars by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were three lifelines - fifty fifty, phone a friend and ask the audience.

Bai Wan Da Ying Jia was shown on the Singaporean TV station MediaCorp TV Channel 8.

The show was also nominated for Star Awards in the years 2001 and 2002, in 2001 the show won in the category of Best Variety Program. However, in the year 2002, the show lost to another rival program.

Payout structure

References

External links

 Report on the show (Chinese)

Singaporean game shows
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
2000 Singaporean television series debuts
2004 Singaporean television series endings
Channel 8 (Singapore) original programming
Non-British television series based on British television series


The siege of Kahun was a siege of the isolated fort-town of Kahun, Balochistan, that lasted from 16 May until 28 September 1840, during the First Anglo-Afghan War. The outpost was defended by a battalion of 140 men in extremely hot, inhospitable conditions against an overwhelming native force until they were forced to capitulate.

Background
In mid-December 1839, a force consisting of 150 soldiers of the 1st Grenadiers, and 60 Irregular horses, commanded by Captain George Raitt, was dispatched from Lehri () to take possession of Kahun, the "capital" of the Marri tribe, who occupied a portion of the mountainous country east of the Bolan Pass. After their arrival, Riatt estimated there were about 400 warriors and at least 2000 "fighting men" in the town. Despite introducing themselves peacefully, Kahun's chief Dodah later heard of the intention to occupy the fort, and came in person to Riatt to discourage him from this, as the town's people already had shown hostility towards the soldiers. Captain Riatt left a detachment of 100 men posted within a mile of Kahun, and returned to join Major Billamore.

Days later, with the Marri having left their habitations, and moved to the hills with their families and propriety, the town was left empty, and the detachment posted there by Riatt, now of no more use, departed and joined Billamore's men at around 10 and 12 January 1840.

In April 1840, Kahun was ordered once more to be occupied. The command of the troops directed for this service was entrusted to two of the officers who had accompanied expeditions under Major Billamore – Captain Lewis Brown and Lieutenant Walpole Clarke. On 11 May, the troops arrived at the fort, now abandoned.

Siege
After the troops were settled, Captain Brown ordered the empty camels to be returned to Foliji () under the charge of Lieutenant Clarke, and on 16 May, at 2 a.m., the return convoy departed with 80 infantry soldiers and 50 irregular horses, plus 5 havildars and 80 "rank and rifle". Finding no opposition in crossing the first hill, Clarke supposedly directed their return to Kahun. While on their way they were attacked by about 2000 balochs, and soon the escorts were overwhelmed by enemy forces. Lieutenant Clarke and most of the soldiers died, with only 12 survivors having returned to Kahun.

This reduced Brown's force to 140 men, and the enemy force immediately besieged Kahun.  Holding off the besieging force from May to September, Brown eventually received word from the Officer Commanding in Upper Sind to do whatever he thought best for his men's safety and so capitulated on 25 September.  The Marris accorded him the honours of war, letting the small remnants of Brown's force to march out in possession of their arms, guns, ammunition, and baggage.  In recognition of their conduct, the General Orders of 5 April 1841 accorded the battle honour "Kahun" to the 5th Native Infantry and in May 1841 the unit was honoured by being made "Light Infantry".

See also

 Anglo-Marri Wars
 Marri-Bugti Country

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20110726145613/http://www.burmastar.org.uk/mli_chapter_9.htm

Kahun
Kahun
Kahun


The 2009 USA-Brazil Challenge was a curling challenge held from January 30 to February 1, 2009 at the Bismarck Capital Curling Club in Bismarck, North Dakota. This was the first Americas Challenge.

The challenge featured the Brazilian national men's curling team against an American team in a best-of-five series. The winner would get to represent the second team from the Americas at the 2009 Ford World Men's Curling Championship. Canada automatically qualifies as both hosts and defending champions.

Until 2009, the United States (and Canada) have always automatically qualified on account of no other country in the Americas fielding curling teams. However, in 2008 the Brazilian Ice Sports Federation felt that their men's curling team had a high enough calibre that they were ready to  face off with the Americans.

The American team was represented by Todd Birr, whose team was highest on the U.S. Order of Merit as of December 31, 2008 and who qualified for the 2009 United States Olympic Curling Trials.

The Brazilians were represented by their national team, which trained at the Lennoxville Curling Club in Lennoxville, Quebec. They are all students at the Université de Sherbrooke.

Teams

Results

Game 1

Game 2

Game 3

External links
Results
Bismarck set to host USA-Brazil Challenge
Brazil-USA Curling Challenge set for Jan. 31-Feb. 1

Usa-Brazil Challenge, 2009
2009 in American sports
Curling competitions in Bismarck, North Dakota
2009 in Brazilian sport
USA-Brazil
Americas Challenge


Iskanwaya is a pre-Columbian sacred site, situated on a mountain ridge above the Llica River in Bolivia, 325 km north of La Paz. In its extension and its age Iskanwaya surpasses Machu Picchu in Peru, but it is less well preserved.

Location
The sacred site of Iskanwaya is found on the edge of the Cordillera Real, 250 m above the River Llica canyon and 1,672 meters above sea level. The site is located near Aucapata, a small town in the Muñecas Province, on the northern side of the Andean cordilleras.

Site
The site is considered sacred by the inhabitants of the area, and one of the most important areas in the country; both for its monuments, location, and relationship between the cultures that inhabited the inter-Andean valleys.

In March 2022, in order to preserve its heritage and reactivate the economy through tourism in the region, the site was inaugurated as an archeological project of restoration and tourist attraction by Governor Santos Quispe in coordination with the Departmental Secretariat of Tourism and Cultures.

The city of Iskanwaya was built on two platforms on an area of 0.6 square kilometers and was notable for its running water provided by a network of irrigation canals. The irrigation system brought water from the Naranjani stream through canals and was distributed to the agglutinated Iskanwaya dwelling groups. Additionally, archeological evidence of water reservoirs located at the centre of the main court square have been discovered. More than one hundred large buildings composed of stone masonry and an average of thirteen rooms have survived. Mollo streets ran in east–west direction. Their houses were rectangular and grouped around patios, they were built with blocks of slate stone, joined with mud trench mortars.

Agriculture patterns included terracing and irrigation.

UN-archaeologist Alvaro R. Fernholz Jemio suggests that in its time the site was inhabited by 2,500 to 3.000 people

Mollo Culture
The Iskanwaya ruins go back to the Mollo culture which predated the Inca civilization and whose people presumably built the constructions as early as 800 BC or in their prime cultural period from 1145 to 1425.

References

External links

Iskanwaya

Archaeological sites in Bolivia
Former populated places in Bolivia
Buildings and structures in La Paz Department (Bolivia)


Joe Simpson (born 5 July 1988) is a rugby union player who plays scrum half who plays for Sale Sharks in the Premiership Rugby. He most recently played for Gloucester, between 2006 and 2019 he played 230 times for Wasps, in 2011 he played one international for  and was named in the 2011 Rugby World Cup squad. He has also represented Team GB in rugby sevens.

Early life
Simpson was born in Australia to a New Zealand mother and English father, both rugby enthusiasts. He has one younger brother called Michael.

Simpson was educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing, which he represented at both rugby and cricket and where he was honoured as Victor Ludorum for athletics three times, at junior, middle and senior school levels. Outside school he played cricket for Ealing Cricket Club and played with Hugo Ellis and Dominic Waldouck, in the youth team at Richmond Rugby Club.

In addition to his parents Simpson cites Mike Reilly and Alun Powell, his coaches at Richmond and the Wasps Academy respectively, as influences.

Club career
Simpson joined the Wasps England Rugby Academy full-time from St Benedict's School in the summer of 2006, but spent much of the subsequent two years at Blackheath Rugby Club on loan.

In the 2008/09 season Simpson graduated to the Wasps first team, coming on as a substitute a number of times and gaining a more frequent position in the starting XV towards the latter part of the season. He scored on his debut and was awarded fourth place in the Guinness Premiership Try of the Season award.

Simpson signed a full-time senior contract with Wasps in the summer of 2009 securing his place at the club for two years. He was in the starting line-up for the opening game of the season on 5 September 2009 against Harlequins, played at Twickenham as part of the London Double Header . In the first minute Simpson was head-butted by George Robson, the Harlequins' lock, in an off-the-ball incident. After treatment on the field for a cut sustained to his nose Simpson continued to play for the remaining 79 minutes, despite feeling sick and dizzy.

On 17 December 2010, Wasps announced that Simpson had signed a three-year extension to his contract which will keep him at the club until the end of the 2013/14 season.

Simpson underwent surgery after suffering an ankle injury in Wasps' 51-10 European Champions Cup win over Leinster on 23 January 2016.

"It is obviously disappointing for everyone that Joe has had to undergo surgery on his ankle, especially at a time when he was playing so well. I'm sure he was knocking on the door for international recognition." said Wasps boss Dai Young.

Simpson's injury, just a week before the start of the Six Nations, ends any hopes he might have had of getting an England recall this season under new coach Eddie Jones. This is Simpson's second major injury in less than a year, having been stretchered off in the 26–21 home defeat by Leicester in May 2015 with a medial collateral ligament blow, dashing his hopes of making the World Cup squad.

On 6 February 2019, it was confirmed that Simpson would move to Gloucester in time for the 2019–20 season.

In September 2021, Saracens announced Simpson would join them on a one-month loan deal from Gloucester to provide additional cover following Ivan van Zyl suspension as well as Ruben de Haas being away on international duty. This was followed by a three-month loan to Bath.

After he left Gloucester, it was confirmed on 20 July 2022, that he signed a six-month deal to join Sale Sharks from the 2022-23 season. Following this he will retire from rugby.

Simpson has since turned out for Old Priorian RFC (formed from the old boys of St Benedict's School) 2nd XV, and played alongside his brother Michael as part of an Invitational XV versus an Ealing Trailfinders Academy XV managed by Jonah Holmes.

International career
In May 2006 Simpson earned his first cap in the England Under 19 team, playing against Wales.

In the 2007/08 season he secured a place with the England sevens' side, travelling to Dubai for the IRB World Seven Series tournament, and was also named in the England Under 20s squad. At the end of the season he was nominated for the 'IRB Young Player of the Year Award' for his performance in the IRB Junior World Championship in June 2008.

In June 2009 Simpson progressed into the England Saxons squad and travelled with Wasps' teammates Dom Waldouck and Danny Cipriani to play in the Churchill Cup in Colorado. On his debut he completed a solo try and was awarded Man of the Match and appeared twice more during the tournament (in which the Saxons lost the final to Ireland A), coming on as a substitute.

Following his performance at the 2009 Churchill Cup Simpson was selected for the 2009/10 squad for the England Saxons national rugby union team.

On 11 May 2010 Simpson was one of nine uncapped players named in the England senior squad to tour Australia and New Zealand in the summer and on 30 May he made his debut for England, coming on as a substitute for David Strettle with nine minutes remaining in the match against the Barbarians. However, having sustained an injury to his left hamstring in the Barbarians game the RFU announced that Simpson would have to pull out of the tour.

On 12 January 2011, it was announced that Simpson had been called up to the senior England squad (EPS) for the 6 Nations tournament.

On 22 August 2011 Simpson was named in the 30-man England squad heading to New Zealand for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, the opportunity arising following an injury to Danny Care. On 18 September 2011, Simpson replaced Ben Youngs in the 66th minute against Georgia in the pool stages of the Rugby World Cup 2011 to win his long anticipated first cap. He was only the second player to win his first cap for England in a Rugby World cup tournament – second to Joe Worsley who was the first player to do so at the 1999 Rugby World Cup.

References

External links
Wasps Profile
England Rugby Profile

1988 births
Living people
Wasps RFC players
People educated at St Benedict's School, Ealing
English rugby union players
Australian rugby union players
Rugby union players from Sydney
England international rugby union players
Rugby union scrum-halves
Gloucester Rugby players
Bath Rugby players
Saracens F.C. players
Sale Sharks players
2011 Rugby World Cup players


The Pittsburgh and Susquehanna Railroad owned a  railroad that operated between Philipsburg and Fernwood, Pennsylvania, with a  branch to Beaver Run.

History and notable features
The main line of this railroad was built by the Altoona and Philipsburg Connecting Railroad (nicknamed the "Alley Popper"), and was incorporated in July 1892. Through successive foreclosures and reorganizations, the property passed to the New York and Pittsburgh Air Line Railroad in April 1906, the Philipsburg Railroad in January 1907, the Philipsburg and Susquehanna Valley Railroad in December 1909, and the Pittsburgh and Susquehanna Railroad in March 1910. Finally, in August 1913, that company was reorganized once more, under the same name.

The line was abandoned in 1936; it had been placed in receivership in April 1931 and ceased operations on August 8, 1931 due to poor track condition. The receiver was unable to raise money for repairs, despite authorization from the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to issue $20,000 of receiver's certificates, and the ICC approved abandonment in October 1936.

In popular culture
The railroad staged a train wreck in 1914 for the film The Valley of Lost Hope, a Western directed by Romaine Fielding.

See also

Pittsburgh, Johnstown, Ebensburg and Eastern Railroad

References

Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
Railway companies established in 1910
American companies established in 1910
Railway companies disestablished in 1936


Uğur Kapisiz (born 9 May 1987, in Uzunköprü, Turkey) is a Turkish footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Edirnespor.

External links
 Gençlerbirliği Site Profile

1987 births
Living people
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
Turkish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
People from Edirne Province


The Belfast South by-election of 22 October 1963 was held after the death of Ulster Unionist Party Member of Parliament (MP) Sir David Campbell on 12 June the same year. The seat was retained by the Ulster Unionists.

Results

References

External links
A Vision Of Britain Through Time
British Parliamentary by-elections, 1963: Belfast South
Albert Hamilton's by-election literature
Result from previous election

1963 elections in the United Kingdom
South
20th century in Belfast
1963 elections in Northern Ireland


This is a list of notable companies that were founded in Lincolnshire, England or have a large presence in the county as a major employer. The official headquarters or registered office may be elsewhere.

The list is split into two main sections: current companies, and defunct companies that are no longer in business in their original form.

Current companies

Headquartered in Lincolnshire
Batemans Brewery - Brewer
Bourne Publishing Group - Magazines
Clugston Group - Construction and distribution (Liquidated)
Delaine Bus Company
Dynamic Cassette International
Eminox - Stainless steel exhaust systems
Extra (service areas) - Roadside service area operator
F1Group - IT Services, IT Support and Business Improvement through Digital Transformation
Falcon Cycles - Bicycle manufacturer
Findus - Frozen food
Interflora - UK arm of franchised florists selling flowers by post and retail stores
Lincs FM Group - Local radio operator
Linpac - Packaging founded in county
Nisa - Food distribution and corner shop 'brand'
Oldrids - Department store chain, including the Downtown brand
Peter Lind & Company - Builders
Ross Group - Frozen foods company
Splash About - toddler and children's swimwear brand
Stagecoach in Lincolnshire - Local operating division for Stagecoach Group (took over several local bus companies including Lincolnshire RoadCar)
Stagecoach Grimsby-Cleethorpes
TWB Electrical LTD - Electrical Contracting
Unwins Engineering - Engineering and Fabrication
Young's Bluecrest - Frozen food processors

Major presence in Lincolnshire
British Steel - Formerly Tata and Corus Group plc
Siemens - Formerly Rustons Gas Turbines

Founded in Lincolnshire
The Cheese Shop, Louth - Artisan delicatessen

Defunct companies (former)
Allis-Chalmers - Tractors and construction machinery factory
Appleby-Frodingham Steel Company - Absorbed into British Steel Corporation, now Corus
Aveling-Barford - Former engineering company based in Grantham
Aveling and Porter - Steam rollers (became Aveling-Barford)
Autocast - Non-ferrous foundry in Bourne, supplying casings to the car industry
Blackstone & Co - Blacksmiths and early engine manufacturer
BMARC - Former armaments designer and manufacturer
British Racing Motors (BRM) - Racing cars
Chandlers Oil & Gas - now owned by WCF and known as WCF Chandlers
Clayton & Shuttleworth - former steam and agricultural machinery builders
English Racing Automobiles - Former race car builder
Field Marshall - Brand of tractors built by Marshall, Sons & Co. Ltd of Gainsborough
Marshall, Sons & Co. - Former steam engine and tractor manufacturer
Priestman Brothers - Crane and excavator builders
Rinovia Steam Fishing Company Ltd. - Former fish distribution company
Richard Hornsby & Sons - Former engineering firm
Ruston (engine builder) - Former stationary engine and locomotive manufacturer
Ruston, Proctor and Company - Former steam engine builder
Ruston-Bucyrus - Former manufacturer of excavators and steam shovels
William Foster & Co. - Former agricultural engineer and steam engine builder
Think Accounting Ltd. - Former payroll and accounts firm for Hgv drivers and oil rig workers.

See also
Top Track 100
Top Track 250

References

Lists of companies of the United Kingdom
Companies


There are several stadiums in Romania with the name Stadionul CFR:

 Stadionul CFR (Craiova)
 Stadionul CFR (Paşcani)
 Stadionul CFR (Timișoara)


The 11th Independent Spirit Awards, honoring the best in independent filmmaking for 1995, were announced on March 23, 1996.  It was hosted by Samuel L. Jackson.

Nominees and winners

{| class="wikitable"
!Best Feature
!Best Director
|-
|Leaving Las Vegas

The Addiction
Living in Oblivion
Safe
The Secret of Roan Inish
|Mike Figgis – Leaving Las Vegas

Michael Almereyda – Nadja
Ulu Grosbard – Georgia
Todd Haynes – Safe
John Sayles – The Secret of Roan Inish
|-
!Best Male Lead
!Best Female Lead
|-
|Sean Penn – Dead Man Walking

Nicolas Cage – Leaving Las Vegas
Tim Roth – Little Odessa
Jimmy Smits – My Family
Kevin Spacey – Swimming with Sharks
|Elisabeth Shue – Leaving Las Vegas

Jennifer Jason Leigh – Georgia
Elina Löwensohn – Nadja
Julianne Moore – Safe
Lili Taylor – The Addiction
|-
!Best Supporting Male
!Best Supporting Female
|-
|Benicio del Toro – The Usual Suspects

James LeGros – Living in Oblivion
David Morse – The Crossing Guard
Max Perlich – Georgia
Harold Perrineau – Smoke
|Mare Winningham – Georgia

Jennifer Lopez – My Family
Vanessa Redgrave – Little Odessa
Chloë Sevigny – Kids
Celia Weston – Dead Man Walking
|-
!Best Screenplay
!Best First Screenplay
|-
|The Usual Suspects – Christopher McQuarrieLeaving Las Vegas – Mike Figgis
Living in Oblivion – Tom DiCillo
Safe – Todd Haynes
The Secret of Roan Inish – John Sayles
|Smoke – Paul AusterKids – Harmony Korine
Little Odessa – James Gray
Post Cards from America – Steve McLean
River of Grass – Kelly Reichardt
|-
!Best First Feature
!Best Debut Performance
|-
|The Brothers McMullen

Kids
Little Odessa
Picture Bride
River of Grass
|Justin Pierce – Kids

Jason Andrews – Rhythm Thief
Lisa Bowman – River of Grass
Gabriel Casseus – New Jersey Drive
Rose McGowan – The Doom Generation
|-
!Best Cinematography
!Best Foreign Film
|-
|Leaving Las Vegas – Declan QuinnLittle Odessa – Tom Richmond
Nadja – Jim Denault
The Underneath – Elliot Davis
The Usual Suspects – Newton Thomas Sigel
|Before the Rain • MacedoniaThe City of Lost Children • France
Exotica • Canada
I Am Cuba • Soviet Union
Through the Olive Trees • Iran
|}

 Films that received multiple nominations

 Films that won multiple awards

Special awards

Someone to Watch AwardChristopher Münch – Color of a Brisk and Leaping Day
Tim McCann – Desolation Angels
Jennifer Montgomery – Art for Teachers of Children
Kelly Reichardt – River of Grass
Rafal Zielinski – Fun

Special Distinction Award
Samuel Fuller

References

External links
1995 Spirit Awards at IMDb
Full show on Film Independent's YouTube channel

1995
Independent Spirit Awards


Scott Hendricks (born July 26, 1956) is an American record producer who has produced over 30 country music artists. His productions have garnered 121 Top 10s, and 78 Number One hits. Between 1995 and 1997, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Capitol Records Nashville. Between 1998 and 2001 he served as President and CEO of Virgin Nashville. He now serves as Warner Music Nashville's Executive Vice President of A&R. Acts for whom Hendricks has produced include Restless Heart,  John Michael Montgomery, Brooks & Dunn, Trace Adkins, Alan Jackson, Faith Hill, Blake Shelton, Jana Kramer, Dan + Shay, Michael Ray, William Michael Morgan, Drew Parker and Tegan Marie.

Biography
Scott Hendricks was born in Clinton, Oklahoma. While attending Oklahoma State University, Hendricks met Tim DuBois (who later would serve as President of Arista Nashville) and Greg Jennings (who later became a member of the band Restless Heart). Hendricks moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1978, first working as an engineer in a studio owned by Tompall & the Glaser Brothers with legendary producer Jimmy Bowen. Hendricks would also assist producer Barry Beckett in his work with Hank Williams Jr., Alabama, Etta James, and many others.

His first work as a producer came in 1985 when he and DuBois co-produced Restless Heart's debut album. Over the next decade he produced several artists, such as Alan Jackson, Brooks and Dunn, Trace Adkins, Faith Hill, John Michael Montgomery, Steve Wariner, and Suzy Bogguss. In 1991 he founded the music publishing company Big Tractor, whose writers penned “I Saw God Today” for George Strait and “Amazed” for Lonestar.

In 1995, Hendricks was hired as President and CEO of Capitol Records Nashville. There, he oversaw the careers of Garth Brooks and Deana Carter as well as signing Keith Urban, and Trace Adkins.

Hendricks exited Capitol in 1997 and took over as President and CEO of Virgin Records' Nashville division; where he served from its establishment in 1998 until its dissolution in 2001. He then returned to his independent work as a producer. In 2007, Hendricks joined Warner Music Nashville as the Senior Vice President of A&R.

In addition to his A&R duties at Warner, Hendricks’ producing efforts have been instrumental in Blake Shelton's ascent from mid-level act to bona fide star with twenty-seven No. 1 singles, including “Hillbilly Bone,” a duet with Trace Adkins which won an ACM Award for Best Collaboration in 2011.

In April of 2014, Hendricks was promoted to Executive Vice President of A&R at Warner Music Nashville.

Hendricks was inducted into the Oklahoma State University Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame in 2015. He was inducted by Blake Shelton into Oklahoma's highest honor, the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 2021.

Number One Singles Produced

Top Ten Singles Produced

References

1956 births
American country record producers
Living people
People from Clinton, Oklahoma


Ion Comșa Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Călărași. It is the home ground of Dunărea Călărași. It holds 10,400 people.

External links
 Stadionul Ion Comșa on Soccerway

Football venues in Romania
Călărași
Buildings and structures in Călărași County


Robert Dewi Williams (29 December 1870 – 25 January 1955) was a Welsh schoolteacher, Presbyterian minister and author.

Life
Williams was born on 29 December 1870 at Llwyn-du Isaf in Pandy Tudur in what was then the county of Denbighshire.  He went to school in Blaenau Llangernyw followed by a couple of months at the school in Llanfair Talhaearn before going to school in Llandudno and in Bala – he began to preach when attending the last of these. He was then a student at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and Jesus College, Oxford before being ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1900.  He was the minister of Cesarea chapel in Llandwrog from 1898 to 1904, then the minister of Jerusalem chapel in Penmaenmawr from 1904 to 1917.  He was appointed the headmaster of the school in Clynnog Fawr in 1917, remaining headmaster when the school moved to Clwyd College, Rhyl. Williams retired in 1939 and lived in Rhuddlan until his death on 25 January 1955, serving as Moderator of the North Wales Association of the Presbyterian Church from 1950 onwards.

Works
In addition to his skills as a preacher and teacher, Williams was a highly regarded writer.  He wrote a long short-story, , which was published in the first edition of the literary journal Y Beirniad published by John Morris-Jones, Williams being regarded the pioneer of this story form in Welsh.  Other writings included contributions to periodicals, some of which were collected under the title  (1973). The National Library of Wales holds various papers of Williams in its archive: some unpublished stories, as well as scrapbooks, drawings, cartoons and family photographs.

References

1870 births
1955 deaths
Welsh educators
Welsh Presbyterians
Welsh-language writers
Alumni of Aberystwyth University
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People from Rhuddlan
People from Clynnog Fawr


Self-Help is the second album released by the metalcore band Spitfire. It was released on February 28, 2006, through Goodfellow Records.

Track listing

Meat Market - 3:12
Go Ape - 2:31
Life and Limb - 2:13
Dear John - 2:56
Leap of Faith - 2:59
U.V. I.V. - 4:23
The Great White Noise - 2:17
Comfort (The Iceman Cometh) - 4:00
The Suicide Cult is Dead - 2:30
Kings of the Food Chain - 2:02
Ohm Driver - 4:34

Personnel

 Matt Beck - guitar
 Chris Raines (ex-Norma Jean) - drums
 Scottie Henry (ex-Norma Jean) - Guitar
 Jon Spencer - vocals
 Dan Tulloh - bass
 Andreas Magnusson - Producer

References

2006 albums
Spitfire (American band) albums


The Battle of Aberconwy or the Battle of the Conwy Estuary was fought in 1194 between the forces of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and his uncle Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd for control of the Kingdom of Gwynedd.

Llywelyn's victory allowed him to claim the title of prince of Gwynedd and, in turn, prince of Wales.

Ejected from his lands, Dafydd went to live in England and died in 1203.

See also
Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
Dafydd ap Owain

References

Battles involving Wales
Battle of Aberconwy
Battle of Aberconwy
Battle of Aberconwy
Conflicts in 1194


Moshe (Morris) Cotel (February 20, 1943 – October 24, 2008) was a pianist and composer whose music was strongly influenced by his Jewish roots. Cotel moved from his Jewish roots to focus on music for most of his life, and received his rabbinic ordination and synagogue pulpit in the years before his death.

Early life and education
Morris Cotel was born February 20, 1943, in Baltimore, and was raised in an Orthodox Jewish family.  His parents were Charles and Lena Bormel Cotel. As a youth, Cotel was simultaneously enrolled in the Talmudical Academy of Baltimore and the Peabody Conservatory of the Johns Hopkins University where he studied music and took college-preparatory classes, having enrolled at the age of 9. He wrote a 200-page symphony as a 13-year-old, to the astonishment of his piano teacher at Peabody who did not believe him until he pulled the completed score out of his bag.

He earned bachelor's and master's degrees at the Juilliard School in New York City, in 1964 and 1965 respectively. Cotel won the American Academy in Rome Prize for music composition at age 23,  making him one of the youngest recipients of the prize, and studied art in Italy for two years.

Career
Cotel had been a professor of music composition at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore from 1972, until he retired in 2000. After moving to New York City in 1977, he retained his position at Peabody, commuting to Baltimore on a weekly basis.

Composer and performer
A review in The New York Times of a 1977 performance at what is now the Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall, opened with the statement "That Morris Cotel is a composer-pianist of unusual capabilities seems beyond question."

Compositions
His opera Deronda was based on the title character in George Eliot's novel Daniel Deronda, a Victorian era English Jew who combines proto-Zionism with Kabbalistic ideas. The Fire and the Mountains is a cantata he wrote that memorializes the Holocaust. The choral piece Trope for Orchestra integrated cantillation used in public readings of the Torah in synagogue. His 1985 two-act opera Dreyfus was based on the trial and conviction of the unjustly accused French officer Alfred Dreyfus and the anti-Semitism it aroused in France.

Ordination
In anticipation of a trip to Germany and Austria for performances of his opera Dreyfus, Cotel engaged the assistance of a Holocaust survivor from Washington Heights, Manhattan to help improve his German language skills. Cotel later met the same woman, who told him that hearing his efforts to spread the story of Alfred Dreyfus had convinced her to return to Judaism. This encounter convinced Cotel to become a rabbi. As Cotel described the encounter, "Without knowing it, I had changed this woman’s life, and she had no idea that she had just changed mine". He enrolled part-time at the Academy for Jewish Religion in Riverdale shortly after his encounter in Washington Heights. He retired from the Peabody Conservatory from his position as chairman of the composition department in 2003 to devote his full-time efforts to his rabbinical studies and received his rabbinic ordination three years later. "My religion changed from Judaism to classical music, and in adulthood it changed back again" were the words Cotel used to describe his transformations.

Composition by Ketzel the cat
While playing piano in 1996, his 3-year-old cat, Ketzel, jumped on the keyboard. Cotel transcribed the descending paw pattern and entered the score in the Paris New Music Review's One-Minute Competition for pieces under 60 seconds, with Cotel winning honorable mention.

Congregational rabbi and death
Rabbi Cotel spent his last five years before his death as spiritual leader of Temple Beth El of Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn. Cotel died of natural causes on October 24, 2008, at age 65 in his apartment on the Upper West Side of Manhattan home. His wife found him on the floor wearing his tallit and tefillin for the morning prayer service, and had assumed he was meditating, knowing that he preferred to pray alone each morning for two hours, before realizing that he had died peacefully.

Family
Cotel was married to Aliya and had a son, Sivan, and daughter, Orli.

Main work
Deronda, Opera in Three Acts (1985--1989)

Dreyfuss, Opera in Two Acts (1980–1983)

Trope for Orchestra- choral work

My Shalom, My Peace (poems by Jewish and Arab children) for Treble Chorus, Harp and Percussion  (1980)

The Fire and the Mountains  for Chorus, Children's Chorus, Soloists and Percussion.(1977)  - cantata

Night of the Murdered Poets- premiered in 1978 with actor Richard Dreyfuss as narrator

Chronicles: A Jewish Life and the Classical Piano-

Chronicles II-

Quatrains (5) for mezzo-soprano & chamber orchestra (1960)-

Piece for Piano Four Paws by Ketzel, for piano-

References

1943 births
2008 deaths
American classical pianists
Male classical pianists
American male pianists
American Conservative rabbis
Juilliard School alumni
Musicians from Baltimore
Musicians from New York City
Peabody Institute alumni
Peabody Institute faculty
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century American pianists
Classical musicians from New York (state)
20th-century American male musicians
Jewish American classical musicians
Jewish classical pianists
20th-century American rabbis
21st-century American rabbis


Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH, is a mechanical engineering company based in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It was known as MWM GmbH Motoren-Werke Mannheim (MWM) until November 2013. In 2009 the company was the third-largest producer by revenue of gas and diesel engines.

The main focus of production is gas engines and gensets for the generation of electrical energy. It also provides consulting, designing, and engineering services, as well as construction and commissioning of plants and global after sales service. The company has its own training center.

History
In 1922 the department for the construction of stationary engines was outsourced and had its name changed from Benz & Cie. Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik in Mannheim to Motorenwerke Mannheim. The renowned German engineer Prosper L'Orange, a pioneer of diesel engine technology, was the technical manager then. Before that he worked for Benz & Cie. The construction of diesel engines in particular used to be the core business of MWM, amongst others for utility vehicles and agricultural machines.

In 1924 MWM manufactured their first tractor, which was called Motorpferd ("motor horse"). In 1931, tractor production was discontinued. For quite a long time, combines by Claas, tractors by the French manufacturer Renault, and by the German companies Fendt, Lanz, Bautz, Holder and Ritscher, were equipped with MWM engines.

In 1926 Knorr-Bremse AG was able to acquire the majority of shares and took over. In 1985 they sold MWM to Deutz AG (Cologne). The company's site was maintained. The company, along with MAN SE, remained the chief engine manufacturer in the field of commercial diesel engines in Germany. DEUTZ restructured the whole company several times and expanded the gas engine division.

MWM was known as Deutz Power Systems at the time 3i purchased it.

Today, Caterpillar Energy Solutions offers mainly gas engines for cogeneration units and biogas plants.

On 22 October 2010 Caterpillar Inc. officially announced an agreement with 3i regarding the acquisition of MWM for 580 million euros. Subject to the consent of prudential authorities MWM will then become part of Caterpillar's Electric Power Division.

On 8 October 2013, MWM announced that it would change its name to Caterpillar Energy Solutions from 1 November the same year.

In 2016, Dan G. Sundell became chief executive officer of Caterpillar Energy Solutions. He left the position in 2019 and was replaced by Johan Masse, Uwe Sternstein, and Peter Körner.

References

External links

Gas engine manufacturers
Diesel engine manufacturers
Engine manufacturers of Germany
Caterpillar Inc. subsidiaries
Companies based in Mannheim
Electrical generation engine manufacturers


The Golf de Granville Baie du Mont St Michel is a 27-hole golf course located at Bréville-sur-Mer (Manche), approximately 4 miles north of Granville, Normandy, France.

The course was first laid out in 1912 and then totally redisgned by Harry Colt in 1921. This is the only true links course in France. In addition to the main 18-hole course, there is a nine-hole, par-33 links course established in 1986 which is notable for its testing greens.

History
In 1910, a local hotel company began negotiations to rent land in the Bréville dunes from the Granville town council. The first 9 holes were begun by a group of local enthusiasts in 1912 with a view to a further 9 holes to be added later. The Cercle des Sports took charge of the new course, which was not officially inaugurated until July 5, 1914, although it had been in play for two years by then. The First World War soon put a stop to play, and a part of the course was requisitioned by the local garrison. After the war Granville grew in popularity as a resort, and so the course needed to be upgraded. Thus in 1921 plans were laid and work was begun under the supervision of Harry Colt, the famed English golf architect. Colt made good use of the magnificent dune landscape to design one of the largest courses in Europe at that time. A visit in 1922 by the renowned specialist in golf course design, Martin Sutton, confirmed the natural quality of the linksland. He was so impressed by what he saw on his visit across the channel that he wrote: 'the site is a golfing paradise ... I doubt if there's a course even in England or Scotland that has a more favourable natural situation.'  The Granville links is a magnificent example of Harry Colt's work as a golf course designer. During World War Two the club house was requisitioned and the course closed by the occupying army. In 1957, a small group of golfers restored the course to its original layout. The course is much changed since then, with only a dozen of the original holes remaining. However, the newer holes do largely follow the original layout. Despite these changes, the course still challenges players of all standards and especially in the wind – just as on the links of Scotland or Ireland.

The designer, Christian Dior, was born in Granville and played golf at the Golf de Granville. When he came back from doing his military service in 1928, he organised a small competition for a few of his friends. This idea was taken up by the club in 1973 and since then a competition has been held in his honour each year - La Coupe Dior, of which a photo can be seen below in the gallery.

In 2008, the course was once again the venue for a national championship, the Mid Amateur (+35 years of age).
The first photo in the gallery shows the 17th green during this championship which was held at Granville in September 2008.

Photo album

Links Course Scorecard (white tees)

Bord de Mer Course Scorecard

External links

 Website Golf de Granville.
 Satellite view with various holes marked and annotated.

Golf clubs and courses in France
Golf clubs and courses designed by Harry Colt
Sports venues in Manche


Noctambules is a ballet created in 1956 by Kenneth MacMillan for the Sadler's Wells Ballet. The ballet was choreographed to Humphrey Searle's Noctambules, Op. 30 written for the ballet. The set and costumes were designed by Nicholas Georgiadis. The ballet premiered on 1 March 1956 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London.

Original cast
 The Hypnotist – Leslie Edwards
 His Assistant – Maryon Lane
 The Faded Beauty – Nadia Nerina
 The Poor Girl – Anya Linden
 The Rich Man – Desmond Doyle
 The Soldier – Brian Shaw

The corps de ballet was divided into "rich people" and "poor people". Notable dancers among the "rich" included Australian choreographer Ronald Hynd and South African dancer Gary Burne. Notable dancers among the "poor" included Merle Park, Doreen Wells and Pirmin Trecu.

References
 Noctambules – 1 March 1956; The Royal Opera House Collections Online, Retrieved 2008-11-03

1956 ballet premieres
Ballets by Kenneth MacMillan
Ballets created for The Royal Ballet
Ballets designed by Nicholas Georgiadis
Ballets by Humphrey Searle


The São Tomé and Príncipe Red Cross  was founded in 1976. It has its headquarters in São Tomé.

References

External links
Society Profile

Red Cross and Red Crescent national societies
1976 establishments in São Tomé and Príncipe
Organizations established in 1976
Medical and health organisations based in São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé


The Palau Red Cross Society was founded in 1977. It has its headquarters in Koror.

References

External links
Official website

Red Cross and Red Crescent national societies
Organizations established in 1977
Medical and health organizations based in Palau


Desmond Cahill  (born 10 March 1959) is an Irish sports presenter and commentator with national broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann. From 2009 to 2022, Cahill presented RTÉ television's GAA highlights programme The Sunday Game.

He presents RTÉ's flagship weekend sports radio programme Saturday Sport as well as Up for the Match which previews the All-Ireland Gaelic Football and Hurling final matches. He is also the regular weekday morning sports presenter on Morning Ireland and Today with Sean O'Rourke. Cahill also presents Des's Island Discs on RTÉ Radio 1, which discusses various celebrities' favourite choices of music. Cahill previously presented a daily radio programme called Drivetime Sport on RTÉ Radio 1.

Cahill emerged as a hugely popular figure on the first series of Dancing with the Stars in 2017. He reached week 10 in the 12-week series, partnered by professional dancer, Karen Byrne. Cahill was named "Ireland's Most Influential Journalist on Twitter" in 2015 and 2016. In 2011, he was blacklisted by the Football Association of Ireland.

Early life
Cahill was educated at Coláiste Mhuire in Dublin and began his career as a newspaper reporter. While studying journalism in Rathmines, he spent a couple of years working with The Irish Press group, before moving on to two of Ireland's leading provincial newspapers; The Nationalist (Carlow) and The Kerryman.

Career
In the late 1970s, while still a Journalism student in Rathmines, Cahill began freelancing for The Irish Press group. He did a weekly match report for the Evening Press called The Big Match, featuring a GAA club match in Dublin.

Before finishing in Rathmines he was offered a full-time job with the Carlow Nationalist, by Editor Liam Bergin.

Cahill replaced Joe O'Brien, who was to be a future colleague in the RTE Newsroom. While in Carlow, Cahill played football with the Eire Og club.

In 1981, Cahill moved to The Kerryman newspaper. He was based in Killarney, covering all of South Kerry. He was a member of the Dr Crokes GAA club.

1980s
Cahill joined RTÉ in 1984 as a TV news reporter, but quickly began reporting for the Sunday Sport programme on RTÉ Radio 1. By 1987 he had taken over as presenter of the flagship programme from Jimmy Magee.

He has presented programmes from many of the world's top sporting events, including some memorable Irish victories at Olympic Games, FIFA World Cups, UEFA European Championships, Tour de France and the Ryder Cup.

For 20 years he was associated with early morning radio – presenting the sports news on the main news programme, Morning Ireland on RTÉ Radio 1, and in a very different style, with Ian Dempsey on 2FM. It was on Dempsey's show that he began the ABU (Anyone But United) Club and each year he supported the main rivals of football team Manchester United in the Premier League. He designed an ABU shirt, with a crest in Latin, reading "Uppus Cantonis Aris". He engaged with listeners, whose letters and e-mails became a key part of the show.

1990s
In the mid-1990s, Cahill began a sports phone-in programme on RTÉ Radio 1 called Sportscall. At one stage it ran three nights a week, but it was on Monday nights, after the weekend games, that fans from all over the country let off steam. He also helped Gay Byrne out with The Gay Byrne Show before Byrne retired in 1998.

On television, he presented Sideline View, RTÉ's first midweek Gaelic Games Championship programme, in the mid-1990s. Apart from special reports from the counties, the programme used the existing panellists from The Sunday Game, and added the likes of Pete Finnerty and Tommy Lyons who themselves went on to become panellists on The Sunday Game.

This was followed by Play it Again Des where Cahill invited some of Ireland's top sporting names to choose their favourite sporting moments from the archives. Guests included Mick O'Dwyer, Johnny Giles, Eamonn Dunphy, Ken Doherty,  Moss Keane, Christy O'Connor Jnr, Fergus Slattery, Jimmy Barry-Murphy, Ted Walsh, Liam Brady, Kevin Moran, Mick Doyle, Ger Loughnane, Ollie Campbell and Brian Kerr.

In 1993, Cahill received a Jacob's Award for his radio broadcasts.

2000s
In May 2004, while discussing Westmeath's first victory over Offaly in 55 years with Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh on Morning Ireland, Cahill attracted criticism for his remarks that Westmeath had been under BIFFOs for all that time.

Before the launch of The Road to Croker a weekly Gaelic Games programme, that included a live audience as it visited clubs around the country ahead of the big Championship. When Cahill went to Beijing for the Summer Olympics in 2008, Bertie Ahern took over presenting duties on The Road to Croker. Cahill also presents Up for the Match, the RTÉ entertainment programme that celebrates the All-Ireland final, on the eve of both the Hurling and Gaelic Football finals. Initially he co-presented with Mary Kennedy, but in 2008, Gráinne Seoige became his co-presenter.

In November 2008, he appeared on The Restaurant, where he scored five stars from the critics. In 2009, he became the presenter of the evening highlights edition of The Sunday Game. Also that year he celebrated 25 years in broadcasting, and was reunited with Ian Dempsey when he appeared on The Ian Dempsey Breakfast Show on Today FM.

2010s
On 9 June 2010, Cahill co-hosted the opening ceremony of the 2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games Irish heats at Thomond Park with Ian Dempsey.

In July 2011, the Football Association of Ireland complained about remarks made by Cahill while discussing the organisation's AGM on the Saturday Sport radio show. RTÉ bosses "rejected outright" the complaint, and the FAI threatened to sue. Dion Fanning in the Sunday Independent said, "Refusing to talk to Des Cahill is a bit like forbidding your children to read Gentle Ben because playing with bears is dangerous."

Cahill has been featured on Nob Nation, a topical comedy radio show which is written and produced by Oliver Callan. Cahill emerged as a hugely popular figure on the first series of Dancing with the Stars in 2017. He reached week 10 in the 12-week series. He was partnered by Irish professional dancer Karen Byrne.

2020s
In October 2022, Cahill announced that he would be stepping down from his role as host of The Sunday Game after 15 seasons of hosting.

Awards
During his career, Cahill has won a Jacob's Award in 1993, an ESB Journalist of the Year award for sport in 2001, and was named PPI Sports Presenter of the Year in 2007.

|-
| 1993 || Des Cahill || Jacob's Award ||
|-
| 2001  || Des Cahill || ESB Journalist of the Year ||
|-
| 2007 || Des Cahill || PPI Sports Presenter of the Year ||
|-

Personal life
He is married to Caroline, a native of Ballyshannon.

References

External links
 Des Cahill on Drivetime Sport

 Des Cahill coverage at The42

1959 births
Living people
Gaelic games writers and broadcasters
Jacob's Award winners
RTÉ newsreaders and journalists
RTÉ Radio 1 presenters
RTÉ television presenters
Sportspeople from County Dublin
The Kerryman people
People educated at Coláiste Mhuire, Dublin
Broadcasters from County Dublin
Writers from County Dublin


Ilo Airport  is an airport in the Moquegua Region of Peru serving the city of Ilo. The runway is on the Pacific shoreline  south of the city.

The Ilo VOR-DME (Ident: ILO) and Ilo non-directional beacon (Ident: ILO) are located on the field.

Airlines and destinations

Statistics

See also
Transport in Peru
List of airports in Peru

References

External links
OpenStreetMap - Ilo
OurAirports - Ilo
SkyVector - Ilo

Airports in Peru
Buildings and structures in Moquegua Region


Horaga syrinx, the yellow onyx, is  a species of lycaenid or hairstreak butterfly found in Asia.

Range
H. syrinx is found in northern India, Malaya, Indonesia, Philippines, Sulawesi, the Moluccas and New Guinea

See also
List of butterflies of India
List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)

Cited references

Horaga
Butterflies of Singapore
Butterflies described in 1860


The Irish Steam Preservation Society is a voluntary organisation based in Stradbally, Co Laois whose aim is to preserve and maintain machinery connected to Ireland's industrial and social heritage. The society is responsible for the Irish National Steam Rally. Additionally, it curates the Stradbally Steam Museum and runs the traditional Irish  narrow gauge Stradbally Woodland Railway.

History
The Irish Steam Preservation Society was formed by a group of Laois based enthusiasts who set out to preserve for the good of the country, a part of our national agricultural heritage, the steam traction engine and its many forms after a meeting of half a dozen members at Harold Condell’s farm in Whitefields Co. Laois in 1964. They visited the Lowton Park rally in Lancashire England to see how a rally was run in the summer of 1965. A small gathering of engines was held at the market house in Stradbally on St Stephen's day 1965 and thus with this being regarded as a success it was decided upon by the newly formed society to hold a larger rally in the grounds of Stradbally hall on the August Bank holiday weekend the following year.

National Steam Rally
The National Steam Rally began as a simple arena with engines taking part in various competitions such as a slow race, lining up to the threshing mill competitions and winching displays. Other attractions at the rally soon came about, notable was the addition of the steam railway in 1967 of a simple track laid out and a locomotive kindly donated by the Guinness Brewery was run with its passenger carriage in tow. In 1969 tracks were laid to run the preserved Bórd na Móna locomotive No.2. With this addition the National Steam Rally at Stradbally remains as the only rally in Ireland to have a steam railway.

The National Steam Rally has grown and for its 50th year gathered the most steam engines ever on the island of Ireland for that special anniversary year. With this prominence other heritage focused groups such as the Celtic steamers have used the National rally as a place to end their ‘road runs’ which they use to raise money for various charities around the country. The rally has grown again in recent years to establish itself as the premier event in the Irish Steam rally calendar and has gained international recognition with visitors travelling from as far as Germany to experience it.

Stradbally Woodland Railway
The Stradbally Woodland Railway was the first volunteer-run heritage railway in Ireland, having been established in 1969. We've been running regular steam services every Bank Holiday weekend and selected other running days during the year ever since. The railway operates from a station through the woods, returning via a balloon loop. This line is home to former Bord na Móna steam locomotive No. 2 (later No. LM44)  "Roisín" which had been built by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. (2264 of 1949).

Museum
In June 1968 the “Steam Museum” was opened in Stradbally by P.J Lalor, parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Transport and Power. It has grown from its humble beginnings to the fine building it is today housing many fine exhibits and engines for the public to see. It is open by arrangement with the societies secretary.

See also
List of steam fairs
Railway Preservation Society of Ireland

Notes

External links
Official website of the Irish Steam Preservation Society
Official Website of the Stradbally Woodland Railway

Steam festivals
Engineering preservation societies


Michael Owens may refer to:
 Michael Owens (cricketer) (born 1969), former cricketer from New Zealand
 Michael Owens (Medal of Honor) (1837–1890), U.S. Marine who was awarded the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition of 1871
 Michael Joseph Owens (1859–1923), glassmaker who invented many processes for making glass containers
 Michael Owens (visual effects artist), American assistant director and visual effects artist
 Michael Owens (footballer) (born 2003), Peruvian footballer

See also
 Michael Owen (disambiguation)


Prevention of Corruption Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in India, Malaysia and the United Kingdom relating to corruption and bribery. The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Prevention of Corruption Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Prevention of Corruption Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation which relates to corruption. It is a term of art in the United Kingdom

List

India
The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

Malaysia
The Prevention of Corruption Act 1961

Singapore
The Prevention of Corruption Act (Chapter 241)

United Kingdom
The Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c.69)
The Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 (6 Edw.7 c.34)
The Prevention of Corruption Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo.5 c.64)

The Prevention of Corruption Acts 1889 to 1916 is the collective title of the Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889, the Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 and the Prevention of Corruption Act 1916. These Acts were repealed by Schedule 2 of the Bribery Act 2010.

See also
List of short titles
Jan Lokpal Bill
The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013

References

Lists of legislation by short title and collective title
Corruption in the United Kingdom


Backstreet Girls are a Norwegian rock band. Formed in 1984, they have released 16 albums.

History
Backstreet Girls formed in 1984 and were influenced by the Ramones and Rose Tattoo.

The band was formed in 1984 by brothers Pål Kristensen on bass and Tom Kristensen on vocals. They were joined by guitarist Petter Baarli, formerly of the band Riff/Raff, and his brother, drummer Bjørn Terje Baarli.

In 1985 Tom Kristensen left the band, to be replaced by Arne Aarnes. Later that year they started writing and recording their first album, and also contributed to the Norwegian film X.

In 1986 they released their debut album Mental Shakedown on the small independent label Medicine Records. The album was released on a very limited press at first, but was re-released three years later on Polygram Records. Later that year Arne Aarnes left the band, and was replaced by Bjørn Müller of the band Z-off.

The line-up of Petter Baarli, Pål Kristensen, Bjørn Terje Baarli and Bjørn Müller remained for the subsequent three albums, Boogie Till' You Puke, Party On Elmstreet and Coming Down Hard.

In May 1991 Bjørn Müller left the band, and was replaced by the band's fourth vocalist, Ole Hillborg, formerly of Glorius Bankrobbers. The album Let's Have It was released in October 1992 on Warner Music.

In 1993 the band released a live album Live - Get Yer Yo-Yo's Out, and Ole Hillborg left the band shortly thereafter.

After this The Backstreet Girls went to England to hold auditions for another lead singer. They chose Irishman Pat Diamond, and returned to Norway to perform some concerts and record an album. The album  Don't Fake It Too Long was not released until 2008 .  However, Diamond was soon deported from Norway, and by 1995 Bjørn Müller had rejoined the band as lead vocalist.

In 1997 the 7" single "Monster In My Caddillac" was released on Hit!Me Records, but another album was not to appear until 1999, six years after the previous one, when the album Hellway To High was released on FaceFront Records.

In October 1999 bassist Pål Kristensen left the band to be replaced by Morten Lunde, of The Mormones.

In November 2000 Universal Records released a greatest hits compilation entitled Boogie Till' You Bleed.

In March 2001 the band released their eight studio album, Tuff Tuff Tuff, on FaceFront Records, and that summer went on a tour of Europe with Australian band Rose Tattoo, a long-time influence on the Backstreet Girls. Live recordings of these concerts were released in September 2002 on the album Black Boogie Death Rock N' Roll featuring six live recordings from the tour and six new songs.

At the end of 2002 Morten Lunde left the band to concentrate on his other band, The Mormones, and Dan Thunderbird was recruited on bass.

In 2003 the band recorded another album in between touring. The album was released in June on Facefront Records, entitled Sick My Duck. The band embarked on a Norwegian tour of over 20 dates called "Boogie My Life Away Tour".

A documentary on the band - "Backstreet Girls: Back to Muoatathal" was produced in 2015.

Members

Current members
 Jonas Amazonas (drums)  2021 present
 Petter Baarli (guitar)
 Bjørn Müller (vocals) 1986–1991, 1995–present
 Gaute Vaag (bass guitar) 2019–present

Past members
 Tom Kristensen (vocals) 1984–1985
 Pål Kristensen (bass guitar) 1984–1999
 Arne Aarnes (vocals) 1985–1987
 Olle Hillborg (vocals) 1992–1993
 Pat Diamond (vocals) 1994
 Morten Lunde (bass guitar) 1999–2002
 Stein Ramberg (guitar)
 Jon Berg (guitar)
 Anders Kronberg (vocals)
 Bjørn Terje Baarli (drums) 1984–2007
 Martin H-Son (drums) 2007–2018
 Dan Thunderbird (bass guitar) 2002–2019
 Frank Albin Tostrup (drums) 2018–2020

Discography
 Mental Shakedown (1986)
 Boogie Till You Puke (1988)
 Party on Elm Street (1989)
 Coming Down Hard (1990)
 Let's Have It (1992)
 Live - Get Yer Yo-Yo's Out (1993)
 Hellway to High (1999)
 Boogie Till' You Bleed (2000) - Compilation
 Tuff Tuff Tuff (2001)
 Black Boogie Death Rock n' Roll (2002)
 Sick My Duck (2003)
 Shake Your Stimulator (2007)
 Don't Fake It Too Long (2008) - Vinyl only. Recorded in 1994.
 Just When You Thought Things Couldn't Get Any Worse... Here's the Backstreet Girls (2009)
 Death Before Compromise" (2014)
 Don't Mess with My Rock'n'Roll (2017)
 Normal Is Dangerous'' (2019)

References

External links
 Official Site

Norwegian rock music groups
Norwegian punk rock groups
Norwegian hard rock musical groups
Norwegian blues musical groups
Norwegian blues rock musical groups
Musical groups established in 1984
1984 establishments in Norway
Musical groups from Oslo