A 900 series refers to three consecutive perfect games bowled by an individual bowler. A 300 is a perfect score in one game, thus a player's maximum possible score would be 900 in a series of three consecutive games (the typical number of games in a single league session). To achieve the feat, a bowler would have to bowl 36 consecutive strikes.

Sanctioning
To date in the United States, 39 individuals have bowled a total of 40 certified (or "sanctioned") 900 series – that is, 900s that have been officially recognized by the United States Bowling Congress (USBC), the sport's national governing body in the US.

On 1 July 1982, Glenn Allison bowled the first 900 series to be recorded in sanctioned league play. He achieved this feat using a plastic bowling ball with a conventional drilled grip, on wood lanes, and an oil pattern that would be sanctioned today as sport compliant. This accomplishment was not officially certified by the then-American Bowling Congress (ABC), which cited non-compliant lane conditions. To this day, there is a cult following supporting Glenn Allison and urging the USBC to officially recognize him as the first bowler to achieve a perfect series, especially because it was accomplished before the era of reactive bowling balls, and other scores in the bowling center that night were not unusually high. However, the USBC still refuses to sanction Allison's 900 series after concluding a re-evaluation in 2014, stating among other things that it would call into question all other rejected honor score applications from that era.

In fact, the first six 900 series reported in ABC league play were all rejected for certification. The first perfect series to be officially sanctioned by the ABC/USBC was shot by collegiate bowler Jeremy Sonnenfeld in 1997 at Sun Valley Lanes bowling alley in Lincoln, Nebraska.

The first 900 in the history of the Professional Bowlers Association was bowled by Joe Scarborough on 22 April 2013 in a PBA50 Tour (formerly PBA Senior Tour) event. The PBA had seen three consecutive 300 games on one other occasion, by Norm Duke in 1996, but this was not considered to be an official 900 series because the games were not part of a contiguous set. The first two of Duke's 300 games were at the end of one round of play, and the third was at the beginning of the next round.

Robert Mushtare is the youngest bowler to have rolled a USBC-certified 900 series, doing so on 5 December 2005 at age 17 and is also currently the only bowler to have rolled a second certified 900, a feat achieved on 19 February 2006. On 11 January 2017, John Buchanan III became the oldest bowler (71) in USBC history to roll a sanctioned 900 series.

On 12 August 2023, Massachusetts-based amateur bowler Dennis Bissonnette rolled three consecutive sanctioned 300 games, not part of a contiguous set. He accomplished the feat across two separate competitions, located at separate bowling centers; one in Wilmington, Delaware, the other in the neighboring town of New Castle.  The feat was not recognizable by the USBC, but serves as only the second known example of this unique occurrence.

The 900 Club

References

Bowling
Perfect scores in sports


The kithara, or Latinized cithara (, ), was an ancient Greek musical instrument in the yoke lutes family. It was a seven-stringed professional version of the lyre, which was regarded as a rustic, or folk instrument, appropriate for teaching music to beginners. As opposed to the simpler lyre, the cithara was primarily used by professional musicians, called kitharodes. In modern Greek, the word kithara has come to mean "guitar", a word which etymologically stems from kithara.

Origin and uses
The cithara originated from Minoan-Mycenaean swan-neck lyres developed and used during the Aegean Bronze Age. Scholars such as M.L. West, Martha Maas, and Jane M. Snyder have made connections between the cithara and stringed instruments from ancient Anatolia.

Whereas the basic lyra was widely used as a teaching instrument in boys’ schools, the cithara was a virtuoso's instrument and generally known as requiring a great deal of skill. The cithara was played primarily to accompany dance, epic recitations, rhapsodies, odes, and lyric songs. It was also played solo at the receptions, banquets, national games, and trials of skill. Aristotle said that these string instruments were not for educational purposes but for pleasure only. It was played by strumming the strings with a stiff plectrum made of dried leather, held in the right hand with elbow outstretched and palm bent inwards. The strings with undesired notes were damped with the straightened fingers of the left hand.

Construction
The cithara had a deep, wooden sounding box composed of two resonating tables, either flat or slightly arched, connected by ribs or sides of equal width. At the top, its strings were knotted around the crossbar or yoke (zugon) or to rings threaded over the bar, or wound around pegs. The other ends of the strings were secured to a tail-piece after passing over a flat bridge, or the tail-piece and bridge were combined.

Most vase paintings show citharas with seven strings, in agreement with ancient authors, but those same authors also mention that occasionally an especially skillful kitharode would use more than the conventional seven strings.

Apollo as a kitharode

The cithara is said to have been the invention of Apollo, the god of music. Apollo is often depicted playing a cithara instead of a lyre, often dressed in a kitharode’s formal robes. Kitharoidos, or Citharoedus, is an epithet given to Apollo, which means "lyre-singer" or "one who sings to the lyre".

An Apollo Citharoedus or Apollo Citharede, is the term for a type of statue or other image of Apollo with a cithara. Among the best-known examples is the Apollo Citharoedus at the Vatican Museums, a 2nd-century CE colossal marble statue by an unknown Roman sculptor.

Famous cithara players
Phrynnis () of Lesbos: The Suda mentions that Phrynnis was the first to play the cithara at Athens and won at the Panathenaea; by cithara is probably meant the new 12-stringed instrument invented by Melanippides of Melos.

Other instruments called "cithara"
In the Middle Ages, cythara was also used generically for stringed instruments, including lyres, but also including lute-like instruments. The use of the name throughout the Middle Ages looked back to the original Greek cithara, and its abilities to sway people's emotions.

Biblical references
An instrument called the kinnor is mentioned a number of times in the Bible, generally translated into English as "harp" or "psaltery", but historically rendered as "cithara". Psalm 42 in the Latin Vulgate (Psalm 43 in other versions), says,
 "Confitebor tibi in cithara, Deus, Deus meus,"
which is translated in the Douay-Rheims version as
 "To thee, O God my God, I will give praise upon the harp."
The King James version renders this verse as
 "Yea, upon the harp will I praise thee, O God my God."
The cithara is also mentioned in other places in the Latin Vulgate version of the Bible, including Genesis 4:21, 1 Kings (1 Samuel) 16:16, 1 Paralipomenon (1 Chronicles) 25:3, Job 30:31, Psalms 32:2, Psalms 56:9, Psalms 70:22, Psalms 80:3, Psalms 91:4, Psalms 97:5, Psalms 107:3, Psalms 146:7, Psalms 150:3, Isaiah 5:12, Isaiah 16:11, 1 Machabees 3:45, and 1 Corinthians 14:7.

The kaithros mentioned in the Book of Daniel may have been the same instrument.

Gallery

See also

Footnotes

References

Sources

Further reading

External links
Peter Pringle demonstrates how a kithara worked
 A music group directed by scholar Annie Bélis, dedicated to the recreation of ancient Greek and Roman music and playing instruments rebuilt on archaeological reference. In its recording D'Euripide aux premiers chretiens: musique de l'antiquité grecque et romaine, the band plays both Roman and Greek kitharas.

Ancient Greek musical instruments
Ancient Hebrew musical instruments
Lyres
Sacred musical instruments


The following are populated places in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands; there are no cities in the islands.

 Bantam  (largest settlement, on Home Island)
 West Island

Cocos
Populated places


The Midland Railway (MR) 1322 Class was a class of small 0-4-0ST steam locomotives designed for shunting. The next class of shunting engines built by the Midland was the 1116A Class, which was nearly identical.

Numbering
Ten engines were built at Derby Works, five in 1883 and the remainder in 1889–1890.  Their original numbers were 1322–1326, 202, 1428–1430, 1697.  In 1892 they were all placed on the duplicate list as 1322A–1326A, 202A, 1428A–1430A, 1697A.

Disposal
Nos 202A and 1429A were withdrawn before the Midland's 1907 renumbering scheme, leaving the remainder to become 1500–1507.  By 1928, all but 1506 had been withdrawn, and in 1930 the survivor 1506 was renumbered 1509 to make room for the ex-S&DJR Fox, Walker 0-6-0ST locomotives taken into LMS stock that year. This engine survived, having been transferred to departmental stock in 1924, and used as a works shunter at Derby Works. It was withdrawn in November 1949.  It was allocated the British Railways number 41509. It was not preserved.

Notes
Sources are unclear whether it received it however, but this question should be answerable

References

1322 Class
0-4-0ST locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1883
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Shunting locomotives


Ganapathi credited as Ganeshkar is a Tamil comedian actor who prominently plays supporting roles. Appearing in many Tamil films (Kollywood), he is also a host for Super 10 on Sun TV in Chennai.
He took part in Kalaignar TV's dance show, Maanada Mayilada, with Aarthi whom he married. They won 500,000 Indian Rupees as a 2nd prize.

Partial filmography

Karimedu Karuvayan (1986)
Manadhil Urudhi Vendum (1987)
Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (1989)
Siva (1989)
En Thangai Kalyani (1989)
Neengalum Herothan (1990)
Nee Pathi Naan Pathi (1991)
Thaiyalkaran (1991)
Sundara Kandam (1992)
Moondravadhu Kann (1993)
Parvathi Ennai Paradi (1993)
Thottil Kuzhandhai (1995)
Avathara Purushan (1996)
Musthaffaa (1996)
Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (2000)
Kovil (2004)
Selvam (2005)
Pori (2007)
Pandhayam (2008)
Nepali (2008)
Nenjathai Killadhe (2008)
Padikkathavan (2009)
Pinju Manasu (2009)
Mambattiyan (2011)
Kazhugu (2012)
Karuppampatti (2013)
Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya (2013)
Arya Surya (2013)
Idhu Kathirvelan Kadhal (2014)
Aranmanai (2014)
Dhilluku Dhuddu (2016)
Hello Naan Pei Pesuren (2016)
Mohini (2018)
Chithiram Pesuthadi 2 (2019)
Call Taxi (2021)
Pei Mama (2021)

Television
 Meendum Meendum Sirippu
 Super 10
 Padavarisai 10
 Maanada Mayilada
 Kasalavu Nesam
 Sirippulogam
 Bommalattam
 Star Wars
Anbe Vaa
Abhiyum Naanum

References

External links

Living people
Tamil male actors
Tamil comedians
Tamil male television actors
Tamil television presenters
Television personalities from Tamil Nadu
Male actors from Chennai
Indian male comedians
Male actors in Tamil cinema
21st-century Tamil male actors
Tamil Reality dancing competition contestants
20th-century Indian male actors
Indian male film actors
Indian male television actors
1978 births


Adolf Heinrich Strodtmann (24 March 1829, in Flensburg – 17 March 1879, in Steglitz) was a German poet, journalist, translator and literary historian.  He wrote an early biography of Heinrich Heine and emigrated to the United States for a time.

Biography
He had a peripatetic youth, learning the classics in four gymnasiums. Although this was not conducive to learning the classics, it had the benefit of showing him things from several points of view and taught him the Danish language well. In 1848 he participated, on the side of the Germans, in the First Schleswig War. He was severely wounded and spent some time in Copenhagen harbor on the prison ship “Dronning Maria.” On being set at liberty, he published Lieder eines Gefangenen auf der Dronning Maria (Songs of a prisoner of the “Dronning Maria”, 1848). Strodtmann then became a student at the University of Bonn where he especially became devoted to Gottfried Kinkel; however, after a short time, he was suspended because of his political activities. He then published Lieder der Nacht (Songs of the Night, 1850) and a biography of Gottfried Kinkel (1850).

He went to Paris, to London, and in 1852, he sailed for America, and with help from his father, the not-very-practical ex-student entered the book trade in Philadelphia, buying, selling and lending, as well as publishing a literary magazine called Die Locomotive. The business was not successful and closed in 1854, after which he traveled around the country pursuing literary interests, eventually settling in New York City. Weary of his various efforts to make a living, he returned to Germany in 1856, becoming a citizen of Hamburg. He covered the Franco-Prussian War for several newspapers, and in 1871, he moved to a suburb of Berlin where he lived for the rest of his life.

The beginning of his writing career was mostly devoted to composing poetry, but as he became older and less revolutionary, he devoted more time to translation (into German) and literary history.  He is most noticed as an early biographer of Heinrich Heine and a compiler of his work. He published the correspondence of the poet Bürger. He translated three works from French, but mostly concentrated on Danish and English which he knew better. A noteworthy example of his translations from English is his Amerikanische Anthologie of 1870.

References

Carl Schurz.  New York: The McClure Company. 1907.  Schurz discusses his friend in Chapters IV, V and XII of Volume One.

German poets
German biographers
Male biographers
University of Bonn alumni
People of the Revolutions of 1848
Emigrants from the German Confederation to the United States
1829 births
1879 deaths
19th-century German translators
German male poets
19th-century poets
19th-century German writers
19th-century German male writers
German male non-fiction writers


The following are settlements on Christmas Island; there are no cities on the island.

 Drumsite
 Flying Fish Cove (largest settlement)
 Poon Saan
 Silver City

Settlements


Dolores Gresham (born July 16, 1942) is a Republican politician from Tennessee. She was elected to the Tennessee Senate in the 2008 elections after having served three terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives. Senate District 26 encompassed the counties of Chester, Crockett, Fayette, Hardeman, Hardin, Haywood, McNairy and Wayne in the western part of the state.

Education
Gresham holds a Bachelor of Arts from University of the Incarnate Word, Master of Arts from Loyola University New Orleans and a Master of Science in administration from The George Washington University. She served in the United States Marine Corps, retiring with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Political career
In 2002, Gresham was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives from District 94, which includes all of her home county of Fayette as well as parts of Tipton and Hardeman. She was re-elected in 2004 and 2006. During her time in the House, Gresham served on the Agriculture and Education Committees.

In 2008, she vacated her House seat to run for the Senate seat of John S. Wilder, the former lieutenant governor, who was retiring after 42 years in the Senate. She faced the Democrat Randy Camp, a former aide to Governor Phil Bredesen. The seat was considered one of the most competitive as both parties sought to end a 16–16–1 stalemate in the Senate. Gresham defeated Camp 54%–46%, as the Republicans took control of both houses of the Tennessee General Assembly for the first time since Reconstruction.

Personal life
Gresham lives with her husband Will in Somerville. They attend St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church.

References
 State Senate Member page
 Campaign website

1942 births
Republican Party Tennessee state senators
University of the Incarnate Word alumni
Loyola University New Orleans alumni
George Washington University alumni
Republican Party members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
Living people
United States Marine Corps officers
Female United States Marine Corps personnel
Women state legislators in Tennessee
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American politicians of Mexican descent


Sentaku may refer to:

Choices (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), episode whose Japanese title is romanised as "Sentaku"
"Sentaku",  a chapter of the manga Suzuka
"Sentaku",  a chapter of the manga Soul Eater
"Sentaku",  an episode of the anime television series Death Note
"Sentaku",  an episode of the anime television series Nabari
"Sentaku",  an episode of the anime television series Simoun
"Sentaku",  an episode of the anime television series xxxHolic


Kate Hogan (born January 15, 1957 in Lynn, Massachusetts) is an American politician from Stow, Massachusetts. A Democrat, she is a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives representing the 3rd Middlesex district. She was first elected in 2008 and took office on January 7, 2009.

The 3rd Middlesex district, which includes the towns of Bolton, Hudson, Maynard and Stow, was represented for 24 years by Patricia Walrath, who decided not to seek re-election in 2008. Five candidates ran for to succeed her: three Democrats, one Republican and one Independent. Prior to the primary, Walrath endorsed Hogan as her chosen successor.

In the three-way primary election held on September 16, 2008, Hogan won 50 percent of the vote to the second-placed finisher's 40 percent. She went on to face two opponents in the general election on November 4, narrowly besting the Republican nominee, Hudson selectman Sonny Parente, by 10,156 votes to 9,281. She ran for re-election in 2010, facing no Republican opponent and taking 60% of the vote against an Independent.

Her first action on being sworn-in on January 7, 2009, was to turn down a pay raise. She donated the $3,000 increase in legislative salaries to the local libraries in Bolton, Hudson, Maynard and Stow.

On February 26, 2015 Speaker Robert DeLeo appointed Hogan as Chair of the Joint Committee on Public Health.

Hogan, a native of Lynn, Massachusetts, is a graduate of the University of Massachusetts Amherst and works as vice president of Gnomon Inc., a Boston printing company. She has long been involved in local Democratic politics, having served as an officer of the Stow Democratic Town Committee, the Middlesex and Worcester Democrats and as co-chairman of the Maynard Democratic Town Committee from 1999 to 2006. She has also sat on several of Stow's town committees, including the Community Preservation Committee and the Council on Aging.

Hogan, a lesbian, is married to Susan Vick. Her 2008 and 2010 campaigns won the support of the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund.

See also
 2019–2020 Massachusetts legislature
 2021–2022 Massachusetts legislature

References

External links
 Campaign website
 Legislative profile

1957 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Lesbian politicians
LGBT state legislators in Massachusetts
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
People from Stow, Massachusetts
Politicians from Lynn, Massachusetts
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
Women state legislators in Massachusetts


The safety valve is a provision in the Sentencing Reform Act and the United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines that authorizes a sentence below the statutory minimum for certain nonviolent, non-managerial drug offenders with little or no criminal history. A Senate version of the FIRST STEP Act was signed into law in December 2018, which expanded the safety valve to include offenders with up to four criminal history points, excluding 1-point offenses, such as minor misdemeanors.

References

United States sentencing law


USS Windham County (LST-1170), previously USS LST-1170, was a United States Navy landing ship tank (LST) in commission from 1954 to 1973 which saw service in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific and served in the Vietnam War.

Construction and commissioning
USS LST-1170 was designed under project SCB 9A and laid down on 21 April 1953 by the Christy Corporation , Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. She was launched on 22 May 1954, sponsored by Mrs. Joseph McCarthy, and commissioned on 15 December 1954.

Atlantic, Caribbean, and Mediterranean service

LST-1170 joined the United States Atlantic Fleet at her home port, Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek at Virginia Beach, Virginia, in January 1955. Following shakedown and type training, she was renamed USS Windham County (LST-1170) on 1 July 1955 and spent much of July and August 1955 in more training exercises. She then helped to support Operation Caesar, an underwater surveillance project, which lasted through the end of 1955.

On 21 February 1956, Windham County reported to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard at Portsmouth, Virginia, for overhaul and conversion.

Early January 1957 LST 1170 transported MCB 7, Detachment K (with all of their equipment) and a Detachment of Marines from Davisville, RI to Port Layouty, Morocco stopping at Lisbon Portugal for liberty.

From January 1957 to mid-March 1957, Windham County operated off the Virginia Capes area. On 14 March 1957, after a brief stop at Davisville, Rhode Island, Windham County proceeded to the Caribbean for operations off Barbados. Upon returning to Little Creek on 1 April 1957, she operated from there until 2 May 1957, when she was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea for a tour of duty with the United States Sixth Fleet. During the cruise, she made stops at Tangier, Morocco; Spain; Malta; Italy; and Gibraltar. She returned to Davisville on 1 October 1957, then headed for Little Creek, arriving there on 18 October 1957.

Windham County got underway for the Caribbean on 14 November 1957 for exercises. After returning to Little Creek on 26 November 1957, she ended 1957 undergoing routine upkeep.

Pacific service
In January 1958, Windham County transited the Panama Canal and arrived at San Diego, on 27 January 1958. Following some four months of operations on the United States West Coast, she sailed for the Western Pacific (WestPac) on 6 June 1958, touched at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and arrived in Yokosuka, Japan, for a six-month deployment. While lifting United States Marine Corps units and cargo, she visited Kure, Kobe, Yokohama, and Sasebo, Japan; Subic Bay in the Philippines; Okinawa; Formosa; South Korea; and Hong Kong.

Windham County returned to San Diego on 10 December 1958. The ship engaged in three full-scale amphibious warfare exercises the first half of 1959. She then operated along the southern California coast until 28 November 1959 when she headed north, arriving at San Francisco, California, on 1 December 1959.

Following a two-month overhaul, Windham County returned to San Diego and spent the late winter and early spring of 1960 in intensive refresher training. The ship prepared for a change of her home port from San Diego to Yokosuka, where she was to become a unit of Landing Ship Tank Division 92 of Landing Ship Squadron 9. On 16 June 1960, the ship departed San Diego, and she arrived at Yokosuka on 19 July 1960.

In September 1960, Windham County received notice that she and landing ship tank USS Whitfield County (LST-1169) would participate in a United Nations troop lift from Malaya to the Republic of the Congo. The two ships rendezvoused at Okinawa, then on 26 September 1960 departed for Singapore, where they arrived on 30 September 1960. Departing Singapore on 3 October 1960, the two ships arrived at Port Swettenham, Malaya, on 4 October 1960, where Windham County embarked 300 Malayan troops. The ships then steamed for 27 consecutive days, crossing the Indian Ocean, rounding the Cape of Good Hope on 22 October 1960, and navigating 82 nautical miles (150 kilometers) up the Congo River, before arriving at Matadi, Republic of the Congo, on 31 October 1960. They departed Matadi on 2 November 1960 and arrived at Cape Town, South Africa, on 11 November 1960. They then visited Singapore and Hong Kong before returning to Yokosuka on 20 December I960, where Windham County spent the rest of the year.

On 4 January 1961, Windham County stood out to sea to carry Marine Corps troops from Iwakuni, Japan, to Naval Air Station Cubi Point, the Philippines. During February 1961, she carried another group of Marines from Okinawa to Numazu, Japan. On 24 March 1961, she began a period of shuttling Marines and equipment between Yokosuka and Okinawa which lasted until early in May 1961. She then participated in Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) Operation Pony Express on North Borneo in Indonesia. Upon the completion of this mission, she returned via Subic Bay to Yokosuka, where she arrived on 9 June 1961.

On 1 August 1961, Windham County entered the Ship Repair Facility, Yokosuka, for an overhaul. Beginning on 23 October 1961, she conducted a three-week underway training period, and, on 20 November 1961, she commenced two weeks of amphibious training with the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. She then spent the remainder of 1961 at Yokosuka undergoing upkeep.

Windham County sailed on 25 January 1962 for Numazu, Japan, to embark Marines. She took them to Okinawa, before visiting Hong Kong and Subic Bay. Shortly thereafter, she took part in SEATO Operation Tunlungan at Mindoro, the Philippines, and then reembarked participating troops for transport to Naha and Iwakuni, Japan.

Windham, County visited Bangkok, Thailand, in June 1962 and in late July 1962 went to Inchon, South Korea, to pick up United States Army troops bound for Pohang, South Korea. Upon completion of that task, she returned to Yokosuka. Runs to Numazu and Naha with troops in October 1962 preceded her return to Yokosuka for upkeep. December 1962 brought her independent ship's exercises and Marine troop lifts from Numazu to Naha.

On 3 January 1963, Windham County got underway for Hong Kong, where she served as a station ship and did much to promote the People-to-People Program. She returned to Yokosuka in February 1963, but left on 2 March 1963 to lift Marines to Taiwan and then spent the rest of March and most of April 1963 in upkeep in Yokosuka. From May through September 1963, Windham County underwent an overhaul which began in Sasebo and was completed at Yokosuka. October and November 1963 were devoted to underway and refresher training. On 5 December 1963, she headed for Okinawa for type training and a troop lift back to Japan. After unloading her passengers at Numazu, she returned to Yokosuka on 18 December 1963 for an inspection and upkeep period.

Windham County sailed on 2 January 1964 for South Korea to participate in Operation Firehouse, a cold-weather amphibious assault exercise conducted at Chumunjin, South Korea. Late in January 1964 she returned to Yokosuka for upkeep and left on 26 February 1964 to take part in Operation Backpack, a joint American-Taiwanese practice amphibious assault which took place at Che Cheng, Taiwan. She returned to Yokosuka on 26 March 1964 and, from April until June 1964, conducted lifts and training exercises which took her to Taiwan; Iwakuni, Japan; Okinawa; and Hong Kong. On 17 June 1964, Windham County took on Republic of Korea Army students and carried them to Pusan, South Korea, to observe a demonstration of amphibious and beachhead staging techniques.

Vietnam War service 1964–1966
On 21 July 1964, Windham County got underway for operations in Okinawan waters. While these exercises were still in progress, the Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred in early August 1964, resulting in a rapid buildup of American forces in South Vietnam and in nearby waters. Windham County loaded Marines and proceeded to the South China Sea, where she remained on station from 16 August 1964 to 28 September 1964 and spent 56 continuous days at sea. Windham County returned to Yokosuka on 19 October 1964. She visited Beppu, Japan, from 19 November 1964 to 23 November 1964 and participated in a variety of People-to-People Program activities. She proceeded to Iwakuni, Japan, for special operations which kept her busy until the latter part of December 1964, when she returned to Yokosuka for upkeep.

During January 1965, Windham County was in Yokosuka for upkeep and type training. On 6 February 1965, she left for training at Pohang, South Korea, but was diverted to Okinawa on 8 February 1965 in a general alert of United States Seventh Fleet forces. From March through May 1965, she was involved in shuttles of personnel and cargo from Okinawa to Da Nang, South Vietnam. On 31 May 1965, she returned to Yokosuka for upkeep. Windham, County departed Yokosuka on 23 June 1965 and participated in various lift operations between Okinawa and South Vietnam. Beginning on 5 September 1965, she commenced an overhaul at Yokosuka. Leaving the shipyard on 12 October 1965, Windham County was engaged in personnel- and cargo-carrying missions along the coast of South Vietnam before returning to Yokosuka on 10 December 1965 for upkeep.

Windham County departed on 6 January 1966 for Naha, Okinawa, and carried out numerous shuttles along the South Vietnamese coast. She arrived in Yokosuka on 5 June 1966 for hull repairs and, on 1 August 1966, commenced regular yard overhaul in Yokosuka. She began sea trials on 7 December 1966 and ended 1966 with type training and upkeep.

Vietnam War service 1967
Refresher training occupied January 1967, and Windham County sailed on 15 February 1967 for almost two months of operations off the coast of South Vietnam. On 15 April 1967, she headed for Okinawa and arrived at Naha on 20 April 1967. She returned to Yokosuka on 24 April 1967 but, after a month of upkeep, got underway again on 26 May 1967 to resume transport duties off South Vietnam. Windham County returned to Yokosuka on 20 July 1967 and entered normal upkeep. She departed on 9 August 1967 and, during the period of 19 August 1967 through 4 September 1967, was involved in Operation Schoolhouse Lift, delivering prefabricated structures to small villages throughout the Philippines.

On 4 September 1967, Windham County departed Manila and proceeded to Da Nang. Upon completion of several missions, she received upkeep in Subic Bay. After departing that base on 4 October 1967, she returned, via Okinawa, to Yokosuka for a short upkeep period. She departed on 29 October 1967 and headed back to South Vietnam. She stopped briefly at Naha en route and also was diverted from her planned course to evade Typhoon Emma but finally reached Danang on 9 November 1967. From 10 to 16 November 1967, she supported Operation Badger Hunt and then moved to Đức Phổ to conduct salvage operations for landing ships tank  and , which had run aground there. After Iredell County had been pulled free, Windham County escorted her to Da Nang. Windham County then returned to Đức Phổ to provide a ready helicopter for subsequent operations. During the remainder of her deployment to South Vietnam, she spent most of her time carrying troops, equipment, and mail to support operations ashore. On 27 December 1967, she was detached from these duties and proceeded to Japan.

Vietnam War service 1968

Windham County arrived in Yokosuka on 5 January 1968 and commenced a period of upkeep and inspections. She got underway for Kaohsiung, Taiwan, on 29 January 1968 to support Exercise Former Champ, a joint United States-Taiwanese amphibious exercise. While in Taiwan, she also participated in amphibious Exercise Final Round. Upon completing these, she headed for Yokosuka on 5 April 1968 and arrived there on 10 April 1968. She promptly began a cycle of upkeep, type training, and inspection.

On 6 June 1968, Windham County left Yokosuka to return, via Okinawa, to South Vietnam to serve as a support ship for Task Group (TG) 117.2 in the Mekong Delta. She arrived at Wunder Beach, South Vietnam, on 17 June 1968 and unloaded 152 jeeps there before moving on to Vung Tau, which she reached on 20 June 1968 and where she began almost two months of duty supporting riverine warfare operations. On 15 August 1968, she set out for Thailand. After a five-day visit to Bangkok, she headed for Japan. However, Typhoon Wendy prevented her from stopping at Okinawa, and she proceeded to Yokosuka for a period of upkeep, arriving on 24 August 1968. She again departed Yokosuka on 3 October 1968 to return to South Vietnam. After several weeks of action, she reported to Subic Bay on 14 November 1968 for upkeep. She left the Philippines on 5 December 1968 and arrived at Yokosuka on 13 December 1968.

Vietnam War service 1969–1972
After a period of upkeep and inspections, Windham County departed Yokosuka on 10 March 1969 for South Vietnam. She spent the remainder of March, all of April, and the first part of May 1969 operating in the Mekong Delta. She departed on 10 May 1969 and returned, via Subic Bay and Hong Kong, to Yokosuka on 1 June 1969. She left Japan on 23 July 1969 and set a course for South Vietnam.

Windham County began 1970 in preparation for overhaul at Yokosuka, which was completed on 7 April 1970. She sailed on 13 April 1970 for South Korea to take part in Operation Golden Dragon, a joint American-South Korean amphibious exercise. She returned to Yokosuka on 5 May 1970 for upkeep and training. She left Yokosuka on 30 May 1970 and proceeded to the Philippines, arriving at Subic Bay on 13 June 1970 to begin exercises and upkeep. After a brief trip to Hong Kong, she returned to Yokosuka on 20 August 1970. From August through early December 1970, she was involved in shuttles between Okinawa and Japan and routine upkeep and inspection. On 12 December 1970, she got underway for South Vietnam.

Windham County remained in the combat zone for the rest of 1970 and through 23 February 1971, when she was relieved and returned to Yokosuka, arriving on 12 March 1971. From then through 29 July 1971, Windham County was involved in routine shuttles between Okinawa, Numazu, Subic Bay, and Yokosuka. On 29 July 1971, she arrived in South Vietnam and engaged in various operations off the coast. On 7 September 1971, she was relieved and returned to Yokosuka, arriving there on 27 September 1971 to begin a period of restricted availability. Beginning on 9 November 1971, she made several shuttles to Okinawa and Numazu and went to Hong Kong. She was relieved on 17 December 1971 and returned to Yokosuka on 23 December 1971, remaining there for the rest of the year.

Windham County departed Yokosuka in early February 1972 to resume her shuttle operations between Japan, Okinawa, and South Vietnam. In October 1972 she visited Singapore and Bangkok; in November 1972 she stopped in Hong Kong and Taiwan. She returned to Yokosuka in December 1972.

Vietnam War awards
For her Vietnam War service, Windham County received three Navy Unit Commendations, three Meritorious Unit Commendations, and 11 battle stars. The battle stars were for:

Vietnam Defense 3 August 1965 – 8 August 1965, 19 August 1965 – 24 August 1965, and 31 October 1965 – 11 December 1965
Vietnamese Counteroffensive 16 January 1966 – 22 February 1966, 6 March 1966 – 11 March 1966, and 21 March 1966 – 23 March 1966
Vietnamese Counteroffensive Phase II 14 April 1967 – 16 April 1967
Vietnamese Counteroffensive Phase III 29 June 1967 – 7 July 1967 and 8 November 1967 – 4 December 1967
Vietnamese Counteroffensive Phase IV 15 June 1968 – 30 June 1968
Vietnamese Counteroffensive Phase V 1 July 1968 – 19 August 1968
Tet 69 Counteroffensive 1 May 1969 – 13 May 1969
Vietnam Summer/Fall 1969 5 August 1969 – 5 October 1969
Vietnam Winter-Spring 1970 20 November 1968 – 27 November 1969
Vietnamese Counteroffensive Phase VII 14 December 1970 – 26 February 1971
Consolidation I 28 July 1971 – 9 September 1971
Consolidation II 27 February 1972 – 29 March 1972
Vietnam Ceasefire 30 March 1972 – 3 May 1972, 4 September 1972 – 9 October 1972, and 17 October 1972 – 16 November 1972

Decommissioning and transfer to Turkey
After Windham County returned to Yokosuka in December 1972, an intensive period of preparation for her transfer to the Turkish Navy under the Security Assistance Program began. She was decommissioned on 1 June 1973 and turned over to the Turkish Navy for use as a training ship. She was renamed Turkish Republic Ship (TCG) Ertugrul (L401).

The United States Navy finally struck Windham County name from the Navy List on 6 August 1989.

See also
List of United States Navy LSTs

Notes

References

External links
NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive: USS Windham County (LST-1170) ex USS LST-1170 (1954–1955)

Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Vietnam War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Terrebonne Parish-class tank landing ships
Ships built in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
Terrebonne Parish-class tank landing ships of the Turkish Navy
1954 ships
Military in Connecticut


Viesca is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Viesca. The municipality covers an area of 4203.5 km².

, the municipality had a total population of 19,328.

References

Municipalities of Coahuila


BBC Focus on Africa was a quarterly magazine established in 1990, based in London, UK, and available widely in Africa and in English-speaking countries globally. The magazine covered news, politics, economics, social events, culture and sport, and had access to correspondents based across Africa. The last edition was published in October 2012, making it the last BBC World Service magazine to close down after London Calling and On Air.

References

External links
 Official website

1990 establishments in the United Kingdom
2012 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Focus on Africa
News magazines published in the United Kingdom
Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1990
Magazines disestablished in 2012
Magazines published in London


Astra 1M is a geostationary communications satellite which is operated by SES. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 19.2° East, from where it is used to provide direct to home (DTH) broadcasting to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.

Satellite description
Astra 1M was built by Astrium (now Airbus Defence and Space) under a contract signed in July 2005, and is based on the Eurostar 3000S satellite bus. It is equipped with thirty six transponders operating in the J-band of the NATO-defined spectrum, or the Ku-band of the older IEEE-defined spectrum. At launch it had a mass of , with an expected operational lifespan of 15 years, however four of its transponders were deactivated five years after launch. At the beginning of its operational life, it had a maximum power consumption of 10 kilowatts by the end of the satellite's operational life.

Launch
The launch of Astra 1M was conducted by International Launch Services (ILS), using a Proton-M launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage. The launch occurred from Site 200/39 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, at 20:44:20 UTC on 5 November 2008. Astra 1M was successfully placed into a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), from which it raised itself to geostationary orbit by means of an onboard apogee motor.

See also

 2008 in spaceflight
 SES satellite operator
 Astra satellite family

References

External links
 IMS  Official provider's site

Astra satellites
Spacecraft launched in 2008
2008 in Luxembourg
Satellites of Luxembourg
Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Satellites using the Eurostar bus


Carl Johann Steinhäuser (3 July 1813 – 9 December 1879) was a noted German sculptor in the classical style.

Steinhäuser was born in Bremen, the eldest son of a wood carver and sculptor. There he studied in the School of Drawing under painter and illustrator Stephen Messerer, then under Christian Rauch at the Berliner Akademie der Künste in Berlin. From 1835 to 1863 he lived in Rome, where he studied with Bertel Thorvaldsen, then served as professor of art at Karlsruhe until his death.

Today he is best known for his Bremen memorials to Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers and Johann Smidt, his Weimar sculpture of Goethe mit der Psyche, and his Hermann and Dorothea in Karlsruhe.  Steinhäuser's work is represented in the United States by the "Angel of the Resurrection" for the Burd Family Memorial, commissioned in 1849 for the interior of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Philadelphia, and for a copy of his Orestes and Pylades marble sculpture at the Palace Park in Karlsruhe erected by his former student Herman Kirn in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, in 1884.

Among Steinhäuser's other students were Otto Lessing and Karl Friedrich Moest.

References

 Helke Kammerer-Grothaus, Carl Johann Steinhäuser. 1813-1879, ein Bildhauer aus Bremen von Helke Kammerer-Grothaus, Aschenbeck & Holstein, 2004. .
 Artnet entry
 Philart.net entry
 Summers Place Auctions description

1879 deaths
1813 births
19th-century German sculptors
19th-century German male artists
German male sculptors


Xinyuan Real Estate Co., Ltd. () is a Chinese real estate company.

Xinyuan has traditionally engaged principally in residential real estate development and the provision of property management services, focusing on Tier II cities in China.

History
Xinyuan is a real estate developer building large-scale residential projects for middle-income consumers in China's Tier II cities. The company was founded in 1997 in Zhengzhou, China and puts up developments aimed at providing middle-income consumers with a community lifestyle. Xinyuan's business model emphasizes high asset turnover, efficient working capital management and strict cost control.

Xinyuan's projects in China extend to Tier II cities: Chengdu, Hefei, Jinan, Kunshan, Suzhou, and Zhengzhou.  They have a total of 26 projects and more than 3 million square meters of GFA developed, under construction and under planning.

On December 7, 2005, Forte (Group) Co. Ltd announced that its subsidiary Shanghai Xinyuan Real Estate Development Co. Ltd had successfully acquired 30% stake of Shanghai Baisi Property Co.

Xinyuan's holding company is based in the Cayman Islands. On 18 April 2008, Xinyuan's corporate headquarters was relocated from Zhengzhou to Beijing. On 12 December 2007, Xinyuan made an initial public offering, becoming the first Chinese real estate developer to become listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Underwritten by Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank Securities, and Allen & Co, Xinyuan's initial public offering raised US$245m in capital. China Analyst reports that Xinyuan's stock is the 2nd fastest growing within its respective industry as of March 2010.

Xinyuan was selected as one of "China's Sixty Best Employers for 2007" in a survey conducted by China Central Television. The China Real Estate Top 10 Committee has selected Xinyuan as one of "China's Top 10 Overseas-Listed Real Estate Developers", and has awarded it the "Top 100 Chinese Real Estate Companies with Greatest Growth Potential Award" once, and the "Top 100 Chinese Real Estate Companies Award" thrice consecutively.

In 2009, Xinyuan purchased a portion of the real estate portfolio of prolific Brooklyn real estate developer Isaac Hager who declared bankruptcy. In 2012, the company entered the United States real estate market as XIN Development Group International, Inc. With a development in Brooklyn, New York, it became the first Chinese developer with a major project in the United States.

In 2017, Lizhou Zhang succeeded Xinqi Wang as CEO.

Services and subsidiaries
Xinyuan provides landscaping and intercom systems installation services through two of its 11 subsidiaries, Zhengzhou Mingyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. and Zhengzhou Xinyuan Computer Network Engineering Co., Ltd.

Joint ventures
Xinyuan has joint ventures with Blue Ridge Capital, China Construction Bank, and Equity International.

Projects
As of 2007, Xinyuan had 13 completed projects and 14 in development or planning.

See also
Real estate in China
Beijing Financial Street

References

External links
Xinyuan Real Estate Company website

Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Real estate companies of China
Companies based in Beijing
Real estate companies established in 1997


Jean-Alain Andre Fanchone (born 2 September 1988) is a French professional footballer who plays as a left-back.

Club career
Fanchone won the Coupe Gambardella with Strasbourg in 2006, defeating Karim Benzema's Lyon in the final. He signed his first professional contract in March 2008 with Strasbourg. He made his professional debut on 8 August 2008 during a Ligue 2 match at Dijon and was credited with an assist on that occasion.

In 2011, Fanchone joined Udinese. The following seasons he was loaned to Watford and Nîmes. In 2014, Fanchone was transferred to Petrolul Ploiești.

International career
Born in metropolitan France, Fanchone is of Guadeloupean origin. He has been selected for France at the U18 and U19 level, taking part in the U19 European Championship in 2007.

References

External links

Racingstub profile

1988 births
Living people
French men's footballers
French people of Guadeloupean descent
Men's association football fullbacks
Footballers from Mulhouse
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
AC Arlésien players
Udinese Calcio players
Watford F.C. players
Nîmes Olympique players
FC Petrolul Ploiești players
Stade Brestois 29 players
AS Pierrots Vauban Strasbourg players
SC Schiltigheim players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Serie A players
Liga I players
English Football League players
Championnat National 2 players
Championnat National 3 players
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
French expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
France men's youth international footballers


Markus Hiden (February 4, 1978 in Voitsberg) is an Austrian retired professional footballer and manager.

Career
The West Steirer began with the football game at home SV Ligist. About the ASK Voitsberg and DSV Leoben, he found the way to Sturm Graz, 1998, he was there Austrian masters, and Austrian Bundesliga. About SV Ried went his way in 2001 at Rapid Wien, where in 2005 he was again champion. The summer transfer period 2006 Hiden moved to Cyprus and AEL Limassol, the end of January 2007, he signed a contract with Grazer AK.

National team
Markus Hiden had completed 5 matches with the Austria national football team in 2001 and 2002.

Coaching career
In the spring of 2010 he took over the role of player-coach at the Styrian lower division club FC Lankowitz, where he was released in summer 2010 after six months.

In December 2011 he took over as head coach at ASK Köflach. However, he was replaced in May 2013. In September 2013, he was appointed head coach of SK Sturm Graz' women's team. He left the position in the summer 2017.

National team statistics

Honours
 Austrian Bundesliga: 1999 (SK Sturm Graz); 2005 (Rapid Wien)

References

External links

 Markus Hiden at playerhistory.com

1978 births
Living people
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's international footballers
Austrian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Cypriot First Division players
Grazer AK players
SK Rapid Wien players
SV Ried players
SK Sturm Graz players
AEL Limassol players
DSV Leoben players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Austrian football managers
People from Voitsberg
Footballers from Styria


Kizuki may refer to:
Aoi Kizuki (born 1989), Japanese retired professional wrestler
Minami Kizuki (born 1989), Japanese singer
"Kizuki", an episode of the Japanese anime television series xxxHolic
Kizuki, a character in Haruki Murakami's novel Norwegian Wood
Kizuki as in the Twelve Kizuki, or Twelve Demon Moons, a group of elite demon henchmen in the anime and manga Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba

See also
Kitsuki, Ōita, Japan
Kisuki, Central Province, Kenya
Kisuki, Shimane, former town in Japan

Japanese-language surnames


The Gertrudiskerk is a church approachable from the large market in the center of Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands. The towers of the church are called "pepper plant towers". An old legend says Saint Gertrude of Nivelles, abbess of the abbey in Nivelles, founded the church in 654.

The older part of the church consisting of the towers, dates to around 1370. These were later incorporated in probably the fourteenth and fifteenth century when changes were made to the church. The building at that time was used for Catholic worship services. The current church building, completed in 1477 was designed by . He devised a new chancel with chancel ambulatory and vaults in the ship style of the Brabantine Gothic.

History
In 1489 Anthonis submitted to Keldermans a design for a new church in the Late Gothic style. In spite of a constant lack of money, a new chancel and transept were realized. During the troubles of 1580 the church was plundered and thereafter used as a military warehouse. A cannonade by the French in 1747 left the church devastated. In 1750 rebuilding efforts started again, albeit with a more sober character. The church was 9 meters lower after being rebuilt.

In 1586 the church was arranged for reformed services. The new chancel and transept were completed and in 1698 were demolished. Thus only a small part remained of the second transept. Material was needed at this time for the construction of fortifications.

From 1586 to 1966 the reformed congregation had this building in possession. In 1747 the building burned down after the bombardment by the French. Rebuilding took place using Protestant funds and Protestant stones. The reformed congregation retained control through the 1950s and 1960s and people began to regret that more and more. It appeared an impossible task to maintain such a large building. In 1966 the church was transferred to the municipality so the government could restore the building.

New misfortune struck the church again in 1972 when a fire broke out. The whole interior including the 18th century pipe organ by Louis Delhaye II was lost. In the 1980s restoration started anew. The arrangement that followed would be that the municipality would keep the building and property in good maintenance, and the two Catholic parishes in the city center would merge to become the Sint Gertrudiskerk. The congregation would pay for heating the church and the municipality would receive a limited use charge.

The large advantage of this agreement was that the empty restored church in time could be equipped with religious furnishings. Estimated cost for the restoration was €1,000,000. In 1987, the church was again inaugurated by the bishop of Breda, Msgr. H. Ernst.

Interior

Among the interior features are a stained glass window honoring Saint Gertrudis, two pulpits, three Flemish confessionals and an Ibach pipe organ from 1863. Also some sepulchral monuments and several ecclesiastical objects are on display.

Present
In the second half of the 20th century the church was returned to the Catholic community and it is now a parish church. The church is also used for ecumenical ceremonies and special religious celebrations. Larger and smaller concerts are both being held here, thanks to the excellent acoustics. During performances the seating is turned away from the altar towards a special concert podium and the Ibach organ.

References

External links

 Parochie H. Gertrudis
 Sint-Gertrudiskapel

Rijksmonuments in North Brabant
Churches in North Brabant
Towers in North Brabant
History of Bergen op Zoom
Gothic architecture in the Netherlands


Barton Knob is a mountain summit located on Cheat Mountain in southeastern Randolph County, West Virginia.  Easily accessible during warm-weather months, Bickle Knob is also home to one of the few remaining fire towers in Monongahela National Forest.

Fire Tower

One of the most notable features is its fire tower, which has graced the top of the mountain since at least 1939.  While the tower is still standing , it has been abandoned and is no longer safe to climb. In June 2010, the U.S. Forest Service planned to remove the tower as part of a project to construct a radio repeater on Barton Knob. The radio repeater was installed by May 2012 adjacent to the tower, which was not removed.

Strip mining
The area surrounding Barton Knob is also notable for having been strip mined prior to its acquisition by Monongahela National Forest as part of the Mower Tract in 1986.  Today, MNF's Strip Mine Trail (Trail #350) traverses much of the area mined on the south side of Barton Knob and a ledge created continuing east along Cheat Mountain.

Rainbow Gathering
In 2005, the Rainbow Gathering considered using (and some may have used) strip-mined land near Barton Knob after being displaced from the original meeting site near Alpena.

Forest restoration
In late 2010, the Forest Service designated a  section of Barton Knob as the Barton Bench Ecological Restoration Site.  After strip mining, the land had been replanted with non-native grasses to protect the soil.  This also led to an arresting of ecological development as the grasses kept out any native growths.  The Forest Service is conducting experiments on various ways to restart ecological succession on the site with an eye towards eventual reforestation with native red spruce and hardwood trees.

See also
Bickle Knob, an open Monongahela National Forest observation tower
Olson Observation Tower, another Monongahela National Forest observation tower
Cheat Mountain, on which Barton Knob sits
Monongahela National Forest

References

Monongahela National Forest
Mountains of Randolph County, West Virginia
Allegheny Mountains
Mountains of West Virginia


You Read to Me, I'll Read to You: Very Short Mother Goose Tales to Read Together is the third book in the You Read to Me, I'll Read to You series. It is written by Mary Ann Hoberman and illustrated by Michael Emberley, and was published in 2004 by Little Brown and Company.

Book summary
The book retells nursery rhymes such as Humpty Dumpty chatting with his doctor and Little Miss Muffet explaining 'curds and whey' to the spider. Other rhymes include Old Mother Hubbard, Peter Peter Pumpkin Eater, Simple Simon, and Baa, Baa, Black Sheep.

Reception
It was reviewed by Horn Book Magazine. A Book Loons review says, "I love this series - enjoy reading the rhymes separately and together, in chorus. Very Short Mother Goose Tales to Read Together take off from the familiar originals in all kinds of entertaining new directions". A Reading Tub review stated, "The collection brings some nursery rhymes up to current times and adds some surprising endings to them all. There is all-round utility, whether in a classroom or at home".

See also

Mother Goose
Mary Ann Hoberman

References

2004 children's books
American picture books
Works based on nursery rhymes


Canadian-Finnish relations are foreign relations between Canada and Finland.  Diplomatic relations between them were established on November 21, 1947.  Canada has an embassy in Helsinki.  Finland has an embassy in Ottawa. There are over 143,000 Canadians with Finnish ancestry and over 2,000 Canadian immigrants living in Finland.

Both countries are full members of NATO. Canada was the first country to ratify Finland's membership during Finland's accession into NATO, which was finalized on 4 April 2023.

World War II

On November 30, 1939, the USSR commenced an invasion of Finland. Immediately, the invasion became headline news, and the Canadian public were strongly in favor of "gallant Finland". About 250 Finnish-Canadians left Canada to defend Finland. At first, the idea of leaving Canada to fight in Finland was strongly opposed by the Canadian government. This was due to Finland being a major supporter of Nazi Germany. About 3 months later, the Canadian government completely changed their minds and rather supported the idea.

Canada also sent food supplies, clothing and blankets to accompany the Finnish-Canadian fighters, but the 250 fighters did not reach Finland before the 13th of March, when the armistice was signed.

Human rights
Finland, like Canada, has traditionally played a very active role in promotion and protection of human rights, humanitarian assistance as well as arms control and disarmament, peacekeeping and crisis management. Over the past few years, Finland has demonstrated particular interest in Canada's human security policies (including responsibility to protect), and increasingly on the "Canadian model of multiculturalism".

Trade
Prior to the economic downturn, Canadian merchandise exports to Finland experienced vast increases - from (CAD) $473.9 million in 2006 to $1.0 billion in 2008. In 2010, exports to Finland plummeted to $400.9 million. In 2012, exports totaled at $423.6 million, showing a slight increase.

Canada's main exports to Finland are mineral fuels and oil (not crude), machinery, pharmaceutical products, and vehicles. In 2012, Canadian merchandise imports totalled $1.046 billion, down from $1.074 billion in 2010.

Investment
Finland is a large investor in Canada and a priority market for investment attraction. In 2010, direct investment from Finland in Canada was officially listed at $1.1 billion, making Finland Canada's 18th largest investor. Major Finnish investors in Canada include Nokia, Metso, Wihuri, Kemira, and others. In the same year, Canadian direct investment in Finland was officially listed as $152 million. Canadian companies active in Finland include Bombardier, CGI, Exfo, InMet and First Quantum Minerals. Canada's mining presence in Finland is estimated at over (CAD) $1 billion in cumulative mining assets.

Arctic Relations

Canada–Finland relations on Arctic issues are strong. Addressing these issues is normally done through the Arctic Council, as both countries believe it to be the leading way of cooperation on Arctic issues.

Canadian mining companies have a large presence in northern Finland. Roughly one third of all Finnish mines are Canadian-owned. Canadian companies are the largest employer in Lapland.

See also
 Foreign relations of Canada
 Foreign relations of Finland
 Canada–European Union relations
 Finnish Canadians

References

External links
  Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Finland
  Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about relations with Canada

Finland
Bilateral relations of Finland


The First Spooner Act of 1902 (also referred to as the Panama Canal Act, 32 Stat. 481) was written by a United States senator from Wisconsin, John Coit Spooner, enacted on June 28, 1902, and signed by President Roosevelt the following day. It authorized purchasing the assets of a French syndicate called the Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama, provided that a treaty could be negotiated with the Republic of Colombia.

The syndicate, headed by Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, sold at a price reduced from $110 million to only $40 million. US lawyer William Nelson Cromwell subsequently received a commission of $800,000 for his lobbying.

The Spooner Act was followed by the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty of November 18, 1903.

See also
 History of the Panama Canal
 Panama Canal Railway
 Ferdinand de Lesseps

References

External links
 http://www.czbrats.com/Builders/spooner.htm
 http://www.answers.com/topic/panama-canal-purchase-act-1902

Panama Canal