Mean Girls 2 is a 2011 American teen comedy television film directed by Melanie Mayron, and serves as a sequel to the 2004 film Mean Girls. The film premiered on ABC Family on January 23, 2011, and released direct-to-video on February 1. It stars Meaghan Martin, Jennifer Stone, Maiara Walsh, Nicole Gale Anderson, Claire Holt, Diego Boneta, and Linden Ashby. It was the final film produced by Paramount Famous Productions, as they closed down after its release.

Tim Meadows, the only original cast member to return, reprises his role as Principal Ron Duvall.

Plot

Jo Mitchell, an 18-year-old high school senior from Ohio, attends North Shore High School and hopes to attend Carnegie Mellon, the alma mater of her late mother who died when Jo was a baby.

On her first day, however, she encounters a clique called "The Plastics", composed of Mandi Weatherly, the self-proclaimed leader; Chastity Meyer, a ditzy girl with a raging libido; and Hope Plotkin, a hypochondriac. Jo also meets Abby Hanover, whom Mandi perceives to be a rival. Despite Jo's attempts to avoid the Plastics, conflict develops between them and Abby.

Jo's father is a mechanic who rebuilds engines for NASCAR. As a result, she becomes quite a good mechanic herself and ends up taking an advanced shop class, where she meets a boy named Tyler and develops a crush on him. Her principal means of transportation is a Vespa motor scooter.

After Jo gives Abby a ride home, she meets her father, a successful infomercial entrepreneur who offers to pay Jo's college tuition in exchange for her good friendship with Abby. Jo reluctantly accepts, motivated by her desire to attend Carnegie Mellon. Jo, Tyler and Abby become close friends, while Jo learns that Tyler is Mandi's stepbrother. Mandi also escalates her prank war, which includes using artificial sweetener and coffee to ruin an engine being rebuilt by Jo's father.

When Jo and Abby discover that Mandi is throwing a birthday party, Jo decides that Abby have one also; Abby's party is "all invited" , unlike Mandi's "invite only" party. After the Plastics see no one at Mandi's but hears Abby's party's music, they have Hope put ipecac onto the pizza that is ordered there. After Jo notices it smells funny, she sees Hope also paying the pizza delivery guy, so she stashes it away. When the Plastics go to that party, they don't see anyone puking. Just as Nick, Mandi's boyfriend, doesn't see any food, Jo gives him the injected pizza to eat; after Mandi kisses him for Jo to see, he vomits on her.

Jo, Abby and another outcast girl, school newspaper reporter Quinn, start a new clique called the "Anti-Plastics" and play a series of pranks on Chastity and Hope. Jo runs against Mandi for Homecoming Queen and their campaign threatens Tyler and Jo's relationship. When Jo tries to give back the money Sidney Hanover had given her for her friendship with Abby, Mandi overhears and uses this against her. This leads to Tyler and the "Anti-Plastics" going against her as she is turning towards Mandi's personality.

Mandi and Nick steal the homecoming court charity money, which is to be donated to an animal shelter. She plants it in Jo's shed, then tips off Principal Duvall stating that the money is there. Thanks to an unwitting betrayal by Quinn, Jo is expelled, but not before she finds Mandi and challenges her to a game of flag football. Mandi refuses until realizing she needs to win to remain popular, so reluctantly agrees.

Tyler and the other Anti-Plastics try to help Jo prove her innocence with the help of the school's tech boy, Elliott. After the Anti-Plastics beat the Plastics at flag football, Mandi and Nick are arrested after Elliott finds images of them planting the money in Jo's home and texts them to all. Principal Duvall apologizes to Jo for the mix-up. At the Homecoming Dance, Abby and Elliott are elected King and Queen (thanks to Jo dropping out of the competition), and Jo and Tyler kiss.

The film ends with Jo and Abby deciding to attend Carnegie Mellon together, while Tyler attends Penn State a short drive from Carnegie Mellon, and Quinn assuming her long coveted position as the leader of the Plastics.

Although Mandi and Nick both got community service and were allowed to graduate, they lost their popularity for their cruel actions, earning Mandi a bad reputation. Chastity learns the meaning of her name, and Hope begins working on overcoming her fear of germs.

Cast

 Meaghan Martin as Jo Mitchell, a tomboyish 18-year-old girl who shares an interest in cars with her father and must move schools at least 3 times a year because of his job.
 Tatum Etheridge as Young Jo
 Jennifer Stone as Abby Hanover, a kind but unpopular girl who comes from a rich background and is a rival of Mandi.
 Anne Alden as Young Abby
 Maiara Walsh as Mandi Weatherly, a cruel, spoiled and popular girl who views Abby as a rival and frequently bullies her and the stepsister of Tyler.
 Anna Cate Donelan as Young Mandi
 Diego Boneta as Tyler Adams, a popular Soccer player who later dates Jo and the stepbrother of Mandi.
 Nicole Gale Anderson as Hope Plotkin, a hypochondriac who has a strong fear of germs and illness and Mandi's Right-Hand-Woman.
 Claire Holt as Chastity Meyer, a ditzy girl who has multiple boyfriends and a raging libido
 Bethany Anne Lind as Quinn Shinn, a timid wannabe who is on the School Newspaper team.
 Tim Meadows as Principal Ron Duvall, the Principal of Northshore High who has had experience with the Plastics group before.
 Linden Ashby as Rod Mitchell, Jo's father and a mechanic.
 Donn Lamkin as Sidney Hanover, the wealthy father of Abby and husband of Ilene Hanover.
 Rhoda Griffis as Ilene Hanover, the wealthy mother of Abby and wife of Sidney Hanover.
 Colin Dennard as Elliott Gold, a nerdy boy obsessed with technology who is attracted to Abby.
 Patrick Johnson as Nick "Big Z" Zimmer, Mandi's boyfriend and a former friend of Tyler.
 Mike Pniewski as Mr. Giamatti, the school Shop teacher.
 Kelly Gilmore as Fifth Year Senior
 Willie Larson as May
 Juliet Kim as Ling
 Amber Wallace as Violet
 Autumn Dial as Karate Girl
 Katelyn E. Bulluck as Rugby Girl
 Rachel Ellspoof as Cafeteria Girl

Production
Mean Girls 2 was first announced in 2008, as one of the upcoming film sequels lineup by Paramount Famous. In June 2010, Melanie Mayron was hired to direct the film. The film does not reference the events of the original or attempt to connect itself to its predecessor, except for the inclusion of Meadows and the "Plastics" clique as the main antagonist.

Filming
The film was shot in Atlanta, Georgia in July 2010 in 22 days, in which scenes took place at the Sutton Middle School.

Promotion and release
The official trailer of the film was released on November 22, 2010. It premiered on ABC Family as a Mean Girls: Double Feature on January 23, 2011.

Soundtrack

 Track listing

The film's soundtrack has not received an official release.

 "Hot n Cold" by Katy Perry
 "Wake Up Call" by Team JEM (Johnny Andrews, Elizabeth Elkins of The Swear and Michael Wilkes)
 "No Stopping" by Transcenders featuring Josef D'Star
 "Nutmeg" by Transcenders
 "Favorite Distraction" by SuperSpy
 "Days Like This" by Transcenders featuring Aimee Allen
 "Addicted" by Toby Lightman
 "Love, Love, Love" by Hope featuring Jason Mraz
 "Middle Ground" by Transcenders
 "So Big" by Iyaz
 "Middle Ground" by Transcenders featuring Tracey Amos
 "Better Than Her" by Matisse
 "Obsession" by Sky Ferreira
 "Walk of Shame" by The Like
 "Clavy" by Transcenders
 "Ground Level" by Transcenders
 "Party Plane" by Transcenders
 "The Chase" by Transcenders
 "2012 (It Ain't the End)" by Jay Sean featuring Nicki Minaj
 "Mon Cheri" by A.B. O'Neill
 "Crazy Good" by Juliana Joya
 "I Know" by Kimberly Cole

Reception
Mean Girls 2 received negative reviews from critics, with Hilary Busis of Entertainment Weekly calling it a "thinly veiled, low-budget remake of the 2004 hit with which it shares a name".

Brian Orndorf gave the film a D+ grade and wrote that "Whatever problems I had with the 2004 feature aren't even an issue here, as the new film offers a decidedly more pedestrian take on the clique warfare concept, trading Fey's sly ambition for cruel DTV routine."

Sandie Angulo Chen of Common Sense Media, by contrast, gave the film 3/5 and wrote: "Mildly amusing sequel follows same 'be yourself' storyline."

Ratings
The film was the most-watched television movie of the week among viewers ages 12–34, with 2 million viewers in that age group (3.4 million overall); it attracted a strong female audience (1.6 million).

References

External links

Mean Girls (franchise)
2011 television films
2011 films
2011 comedy films
2010s American films
2010s English-language films
2010s high school films
2010s teen comedy films
ABC Family original films
American comedy television films
American high school films
American sequel films
American teen comedy films
Direct-to-video sequel films
Films about school bullying
Films about teenagers
Films directed by Melanie Mayron
Films set in Illinois
Films shot in Atlanta
Paramount Pictures direct-to-video films
Television sequel films


Skywatch is the official regimental march of the Royal Observer Corps.

The march was composed and scored in 1972 by Wing Commander Roy R C Davies RAF, at the time leader and conductor of the Central Band of the Royal Air Force. The tune is reminiscent of the march of the RAF and has been played on many formal occasions, including two Royal Garden Parties in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II at RAF Bentley Priory and at the Festival of Remembrance in the Royal Albert Hall.

In 1994 Davies donated the original score of Skywatch for inclusion in the book "Forewarned is Forearmed - a tribute to the Royal Observer Corps".

Skywatch continues to feature on musical collections released by the Central Band of the Royal Air Force.

References

British military marches
Royal Observer Corps


Oil Barons is a turn-based business simulation game published by Epyx in 1983 for Apple II, Commodore 64 and MS-DOS compatible operating systems. It fuses a video game and a board game via a 50 X 40 square grid game board and tokens to associate different squares to various terrain-specific video game locations.

Reception
Oil Barons received mixed reviews and was awarded a Certificate of Merit in the category of "1984 Best Multi-Player Video Game/Computer Game" at the fifth annual Arkie Awards.

Ahoy! criticized the pace of the game, noting that each player had to "sit at the computer for several minutes. Other players can use this time to strategize, but things can get pretty slow. Oil Barons, for all its complexity, may not keep you entertained while you are waiting."

Reviews
Games #46

References

External links

1983 video games
Apple II games
Business simulation games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Epyx games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Strategy video games
Video games developed in the United States


The Rose Ensemble is an early-music group based in St. Paul, Minnesota, and founded in 1996 by Artistic Director Jordan Sramek.

The Rose Ensemble has appeared on American Public Media and the European Broadcasting Union (most notably with annual holiday broadcasts) and has performed extensively throughout the Americas and Europe.

Past Touring Programs
 Il Poverello: The Life and Legacy of St. Francis of Assisi
 Christmas in Baroque Malta: Italian Majesty at Mdina Cathedral
 Land of Three Faiths: Voices of Ancient Mediterranean Jews, Christians, and Muslims
 The Last Queen of Hawai'i: Music from the Soul of the Hawaiian Saga
 American Roots: Harmonies that Shaped a Nation
 A Renaissance Requiem: Tomas-Luis de Victoria's Mass for the Departed
 Slavic Wonders: Feasts and Saints in Early Russia, Bohemia, Poland and Ukraine

Collaborations
With Voces8:
 Renaissance Music for Two Choirs (2009)
 Voices of Venice & Rome: The Glory of Italian Renaissance Choral Music (2010)
 The Miraculous Mass of Mary: North American Premiere of a Renaissance Masterpiece (2012)
With Piffaro, The Renaissance Band:
 Spain in the New World: Song and Dance in Early Mexico, Guatemala, Bolivia, and Peru (2012)
 Welcome the People: The Musical Legacy of the Reformation (2017)
With the Minnesota Orchestra:
 Navidad en Cuba: Christmas in Havana Cathedral (2014)
With the Dark Horse Consort:
 The Requiem of Pedro de Escobar: As it might have been performed at Seville Cathedral, for the funeral of Prince Juan (1478–1497) (2015)
 Empire, Religion, War, Peace: Music from Europe's 30-Year Conflict, 1618–1648 (2018)

Commissions
From its founding, The Rose Ensemble performed numerous works commissioned for or by them. These have included works by Carol E. Barnett, Eric Barnum, William Beckstrand, Abbie Betinis, Edie Hill, Linda Kachelmeier, Michael Karmon, Sergey Kvoshchinsky, J. David Moore, Stephen Paulus, John Rommereim, Timothy Takach, and Victor Zupanc.

Educational Programs and Outreach
The Rose Ensemble provided educational programming for students in elementary, middle school, high school, and university settings, as well as outreach programs in public libraries, senior homes, and various community organizations.

For high school and college students, Sramek and ensemble members provided a wide range of clinics, masterclasses, lectures, and interactive discussions, as well as opportunities for integrated rehearsals and performances with Ensemble musicians.

Public library programs highlighted the research of concert programs, demonstrations of historical instruments, and cultural context within musical traditions.

The Senior Community Outreach program featured a variety of early-American music, and as designed to maximize comfort of and participation by seniors of all abilities.

Awards and achievements
 Recipient of a Rockefeller Arts & Religion in the Twin Cities Award
 2005 Chorus America's Margaret Hillis Award for Choral Excellence
 First-place winner in the sacred music category at the 2007 Tolosa International Choral Competition (Spain)
 First-place winner in BOTH the sacred and secular music categories at the 2012 Tolosa International Choral Competition
2018 Early Music America's Laurette Goldberg Award for Lifetime Achievement in Early Music Outreach

Recordings
Seasons of Angels: Harmony of the Spheres
Slavic Holiday: Legends from Ancient Czechoslovakia and Poland
The Road to Compostela
Fire of the Soul: Choral Virtuosity in 17th-Century Russia and Poland
Celebremos El Nino: Christmas Delights from the Mexican Baroque
Rosa Das Rosas: Cantigas de Santa Maria & Other Spiritual Songs for the Virgin
Nā Mele Hawaiʻi: A Rediscovery of Hawaiian Vocal Music. Features heavily in the HBO limited series, The White Lotus
And Glory Shone Around: Early American Carols, Country Dances, Southern Harmony Hymns, and Shaker Spiritual Songs
Il Poverello: Medieval & Renaissance Music for Saint Francis of Assisi
A Toast to Prohibition: All-American Songs of Temperance and Temptation
Treasures from Baroque Malta

References

External links
 The Rose Ensemble

Choirs in Minnesota
Early music choirs
Arts organizations based in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Culture of Saint Paul, Minnesota
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from the Twin Cities
1996 establishments in Minnesota


The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers released on Capitol Records in 1968. It rose to number 6 on the Billboard country albums chart.

Background
The title track to this album became Haggard's third consecutive number one country single, but it was its B-side, "I Started Loving You Again" (the "Today" was added to the title later), that became a standard and his most covered song. In the book Merle Haggard: The Running Kind, David Cantwell discusses the song's impact, noting that between 1968 and 1975 alone "at least sixty recordings of the song were released. There have been pushing that many again in the decades since, and that's without counting the times it's been performed on television through the years, or during mega-star arena shows and don't-forget-to-tip-your-waitress bar sets, or the just-for-fun semipro and amateur versions YouTube lists into the thousands." Singer Bonnie Owens, Haggard's then-wife and band member, played a crucial role in the song's creation. In the episode of CMT's Inside Fame that was dedicated to Haggard's career, Owens remembers that Merle "thought he was out of love with me and wanted out..." Haggard picks up the story, remembering that they were walking through an airport: "I looked at this woman, and she was gorgeous, an absolutely gorgeous lady, and I said, 'You know what?  I think I started lovin' you again today.' And she said, 'Turn that around.' And I said, 'Turn what around?' 'Today I started lovin' you again.'  I said, 'That gives you half of it.' A few days later Haggard wrote the song alone in a motel room in Dallas. In the same episode of Inside Fame, an emotional Haggard chokes up remembering the first time he played it for her, adding, "Some things are hard to tell."

Owens also co-wrote the album's title track, which was inspired by the 1967 Arthur Penn film Bonnie and Clyde. The song is one of the few Haggard hits from this period to not feature James Burton on guitar, but Glen Campbell, who was about to crack the pop charts with "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" and plays banjo on Haggard's track. The album contains only two songs composed solely by Haggard, with the singer relying on country songwriter Dallas Frazier for three songs and also recording selections by old friends Tommy Collins and Wynn Stewart.  "Money Tree" was originally recorded by Haggard's hero Lefty Frizzell.

The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde was reissued by BGO Records along with Pride in What I Am in 2002.

Critical reception

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic admires the "unconventional" covers that Haggard chose to record, but states that "they're all overshadowed by 'I Started Loving You Again,' the timeless ballad Haggard co-wrote with Bonnie Owens that stands as one of his greatest moments. Its presence along with the terrific title track and Haggard & the Strangers' restless but quiet musical exploration make The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde another typically excellent album from Hag, who was on a hell of a hot streak late in the '60s, which this simply continues."

Track listing

Personnel
Merle Haggard– vocals, guitar

The Strangers:
Roy Nichols – guitar
Norman Hamlet – steel guitar
George French – piano
Jerry Ward – bass
Eddie Burris – drums

with
Lewis Talley – guitar
Billy Mize – guitar
Bonnie Owens – harmony vocals

and
Glen Campbell – guitar, banjo

Chart positions

References

1968 albums
Merle Haggard albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)
Depictions of Bonnie and Clyde in music


Balfron railway station was a railway station that served the village of Balfron in Scotland. The station was served by trains on the Strathendrick and Aberfoyle Railway and the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway, both of which closed in the 1950s.

The station was about  away from the village that it served, therefore passengers and goods had to be transported by horse and cart to the village. A hamlet known as Balfron Station has since grown up around the site of the former station.

History
Opened by the Edinburgh and Glasgow (Forth and Clyde Junction Railway), and absorbed into the North British Railway, it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. It passed on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.

The station was closed by British Railways in 1951.

Hamlet
Since the station's closure in 1951, a rural settlement has grown up around the former site of the station. The hamlet is served by Balfron Primary School and Balfron High School in the village of Balfron, 2 miles away.

References

Sources

 Balfron station on navigable OS map
 Picture of Station

External links
 RAILSCOT on Forth and Clyde Junction Railway
 Railscot on the Strathendrick and Aberfoyle Railway

Disused railway stations in Stirling (council area)
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1856
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1951
Former North British Railway stations


Colton Greene (July 7, 1833September 23, 1900) was an officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. After the Civil War Greene pursued several successful civic projects and public functions in Memphis, Tennessee.

Early life
Greene was born July 7, 1833, in South Carolina, according to his postwar application for a passport.  Little is known of his parents or education, and he reportedly never married nor would discuss his past with anyone. One story, current in Memphis at the time, was that he killed a man in a duel in South Carolina, and then came west. By 1857 he was living in St. Louis, Missouri, where he was involved in politics with the state's Democratic Party. Greene was a wealthy and successful wholesale grocer in St. Louis by 1860. Also that year Greene became a partner in the St. Louis firm of Hoyt & Co.

American Civil War
Choosing to support the Confederacy, Greene was active in the pro-secession movement in the border state of Missouri just before the war began. He was assigned as an aide-de-camp to Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson in 1861, and helped him to coordinate the activities of the secessionists.

Greene was appointed a captain in the Missouri State Guard in 1861, and was sent by Jackson along with Capt. Basil W. Duke to Montgomery, Alabama, (then capital of the Confederacy) to ask the recently elected Confederate President Jefferson Davis for artillery. It was hoped this could be used to attack the Federal arsenal in St. Louis, however the captains arrived with their artillery too late to help in the effort, and the cannon were captured by Union troops. Despite this setback, Greene soon afterwards aided Gov. Jackson to drill recruits that had gathered in Jefferson City, as well as missions that summer into Arkansas and to Richmond, Virginia, to seek support for invading and reclaiming Missouri, now increasingly under Union control.

On August 10, 1861, Greene saw his first combat on the staff of Brig. Gen. James H. McBride during the Battle of Wilson's Creek, near Springfield, Missouri. On October 28, Greene was appointed colonel in the Missouri State Guard and assigned as assistant adjutant to the Confederate 7th District in Missouri, commanded by McBride. When that commander fell ill in early 1862, Greene was ordered to lead the district, which he re-organized into a brigade consisting of two volunteer regiments. His brigade participated in the Confederate defeat during the Battle of Pea Ridge on March 7–8 near Bentonville, Arkansas. In the battle, Greene's command was part of Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's Division in Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn's army. Sometime during 1861, Greene was also appointed a brigadier general in the Missouri State Guard.

After the fight at Pea Ridge, Greene accompanied Price's force into Mississippi that spring. He requested and received permission to re-enter Missouri to gather recruits, and by the fall he had collected and trained a mounted force. Named the 3rd Missouri Cavalry, Greene was appointed its colonel in the regular Confederate Army on November 4, 1862. Greene led the 3rd Missouri (part of Gen. John S. Marmaduke's division of the Army of the West) at the Battle of Clark's Mill on November 7 at Vera Cruz, located about ten miles southeast of Ava in Douglas County, Missouri.

In 1863, Greene led Marmaduke's cavalry brigade at the Battle of Helena in Phillips County, Arkansas, on July 4. Green then participated during the battles of the 1864 Red River Campaign in the Trans-Mississippi Theater. He fought in the Camden Expedition and the Battle of Poison Spring around Lee Plantation, about 10 miles from Camden, Arkansas, on April 18, 1864. His command was in reserve in the action and entered a hole in the Confederate line that was caused by Union artillery fire. Greene plugged that hole and sealed the victory, routing the remaining Union defensive line. This fight is noted for accusations of the murdering of wounded Federal United States Colored Troops as they surrendered, left behind when the Union forces retreated.

Greene led his brigade (part of Marmaduke's Division in Edmund Kirby Smith's Army of Arkansas) during the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry in Grant County, Arkansas, on April 30, 1864. In the Confederate loss, Greene reported a casualty total of 50; seven dead and 43 wounded. During the time Green was leading a brigade in 1864 he was an acting brigadier general in the Confederate States Army.

On June 6, 1864, Greene fought during the Battle of Old River Lake in Chicot County, Arkansas. At Ditch Bayou Greene attempted unsuccessfully to delay Union forces that were approaching Lake Village, and then he withdrew to nearby Parker's Landing. Total Confederate casualties in the loss, including Greene's soldiers, was reportedly 100 men. Later that summer Greene was arrested and charged with disobeying orders, accused of failing to  surrender his mules to the Confederate government. In the ensuing court-martial that fall, he was exonerated of the charges and returned to his command. After the trial, Greene fought during Sterling Price's unsuccessful 1864 Missouri Expedition, better known as Price's Raid. Marmaduke had been promoted and his brigade went to Brig. Gen. John B. Clark, leaving Greene to lead the 3rd Missouri Cavalry once more. When Clark was given divisional command after the raid, Greene again led a brigade.

Later life
When the war ended in 1865, Green returned to his life in St. Louis. There he found that his former partner, Stephen Hoyt, and others had seized his business interests and property, leaving Greene in poverty. He then moved to Memphis, Tennessee, to rebuild, taking up work as a banker and an insurance agent for the Memphis office of the Knickerbocker Life Insurance Company of New York. Greene established his own insurance firm in 1871 and soon prospered. He then founded the State Savings Bank of Memphis, as well as organizing support in 1886 for the city's first municipal waterworks with the publication of the Report on a Public Water Supply for the City of Memphis, February 23, 1886, which he edited. Greene arranged the first Memphis Mardi Gras (described as "highly successful") and also helped found the Memphis Public Library.

Death
Greene died on September 23, 1900, and was buried in Greene is buried in Memphis’s Elmwood Cemetery.

See also
List of Confederate acting generals

References

Bibliography
 Allardice, Bruce S., Confederate Colonels, University of Missouri Press, 2008.
 Allardice, Bruce S., More Generals in Gray, Louisiana State University Press, 1995, .
Eicher(1), David J., The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War, Simon & Schuster, 2001, .
 Eicher(2), John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, .

External links

1833 births
1900 deaths
Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Memphis, Tennessee)
Businesspeople from Memphis, Tennessee
Businesspeople from St. Louis
Cavalry commanders
Confederate militia generals
Confederate States Army officers
Military personnel from St. Louis
Missouri Democrats
Military personnel from South Carolina
People of Missouri in the American Civil War


In computational complexity theory of computer science, the structural complexity theory or simply structural complexity is the study of complexity classes, rather than computational complexity of individual problems and algorithms. It involves the research of both internal structures of various complexity classes and the relations between different complexity classes.

History
The theory has emerged as a result of (still failing) attempts to resolve the first and still the most important question of this kind, the P = NP problem. Most of the research is done basing on the assumption of P not being equal to NP and on a more far-reaching conjecture that the polynomial time hierarchy of complexity classes is infinite.

Important results

The compression theorem

The compression theorem is an important theorem about the complexity of computable functions.

The theorem states that there exists no largest complexity class, with computable boundary, which contains all computable functions.

Space hierarchy theorems

The space hierarchy theorems are separation results that show that both deterministic and nondeterministic machines can solve more problems in (asymptotically) more space, subject to certain conditions. For example, a deterministic Turing machine can solve more decision problems in space n log n than in space n. The somewhat weaker analogous theorems for time are the time hierarchy theorems.

Time hierarchy theorems

The time hierarchy theorems are important statements about time-bounded computation on Turing machines. Informally, these theorems say that given more time, a Turing machine can solve more problems. For example, there are problems that can be solved with n2 time but not n time.

Valiant–Vazirani theorem

The Valiant–Vazirani theorem is a theorem in computational complexity theory. It was proven by Leslie Valiant and Vijay Vazirani in their paper titled NP is as easy as detecting unique solutions published in 1986.
The theorem states that if there is a polynomial time algorithm for Unambiguous-SAT, then NP=RP.
The proof is based on the Mulmuley–Vazirani isolation lemma, which was subsequently used for a number of important applications in theoretical computer science.

Sipser–Lautemann theorem

The Sipser–Lautemann theorem or Sipser–Gács–Lautemann theorem states that Bounded-error Probabilistic Polynomial (BPP) time, is contained in the polynomial time hierarchy, and more specifically Σ2 ∩ Π2.

Savitch's theorem

Savitch's theorem, proved by Walter Savitch in 1970, gives a relationship between deterministic and non-deterministic space complexity.  It states that for any function ,

Toda's theorem

Toda's theorem is a result that was proven by Seinosuke Toda in his paper "PP is as Hard as the Polynomial-Time Hierarchy" (1991) and was given the 1998 Gödel Prize. The theorem states that the entire polynomial hierarchy PH is contained in PPP; this implies a closely related statement, that PH is contained in P#P.

Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem

The Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem was proven independently by Neil Immerman and Róbert Szelepcsényi in 1987, for which they shared the 1995 Gödel Prize. In its general form the theorem states that NSPACE(s(n)) = co-NSPACE(s(n)) for any function s(n) ≥ log n. The result is equivalently stated as NL = co-NL; although this is the special case when s(n) = log n, it implies the general theorem by a standard padding argument. The result solved the second LBA problem.

Research topics
Major directions of research in this area include:
study of implications stemming from various unsolved problems about complexity classes
study of various types of resource-restricted reductions and the corresponding complete languages
study of consequences of various restrictions on and mechanisms of storage and access to data

References


Tell Beydar is a village and ancient site along the Khabur river in the modern Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria about 30 kilometers north of the modern city of Hasake. It was the Ancient Near Eastern city of Nabada. It is connected by road to Al-Darbasiyah on the Turkish border in the north.

History
Nabada was first settled during the  Early Dynastic Period circa 2600 BC. By around 2500 BC a medium-sized independent city-state had developed. At that point, it became a provincial capital under the kingdom centered at Nagar, now Tell Brak. After the Jezirah region was conquered by the Akkadians, Nabada became an outpost of that empire. The city was then abandoned until
re-occupied for a time circa 1400 BC by the Hurrians (Mitanni) and again in the Neo-Assyrian and Hellenistic periods.

Archaeology

The central site of Tell Beydar covers about 22 hectares. It has a circular walled central mound (7 hectares) with a circular walled lower town (Beydar I). This is referred to as a Kranzhügel or "cup-and-saucer" tell in archaeology. In the early part of the 3rd millennium BC both sections were occupied but from the middle of the millennium on only the central mound was occupied. A much later  Hurrian/Neo-Assyrian site lies at the base of the tell (Beydar II). At the top of the tell there is a Hellenistic settlement. A kilometer to the south there is a small Late Chalcolithic tell (Beydar III). Tell Beydar was excavated for 17 seasons, beginning in 1992 and ending in 2010, by a joint Syrian and European team made up of the European Centre for Upper Mesopotamian Studies and the Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria.

 There were also several restoration seasons. The team leads are Marc Lebeau and Antoine Suleiman.
A number of other institutions, including the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago have also participated. Besides the architectural and pottery findings from the excavation, almost 250 early cuneiform tablets and fragments were recovered, dating from the Early Dynastic III period, roughly a generation before the fall of Ebla. The tablets are agricultural records for the most part, but do establish some synchronisms with Tell Brak. The language used in the tablets is a variant of the Akkadian language and the personal names referred to were Semitic.

 Small finds include a number of bronze (both tin and arsenical) objects.
A number of clay sealings have also been recovered. Finds from Tell Beydar are on display in the Deir ez-Zor Museum.

See also
Cities of the ancient Near East
Tell Chuera

Notes

Further reading
Peter M. M. G. Akkermans, Glenn M. Schwartz, "The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c.16,000-300 BC)", Cambridge University Press, 2004,
Bonechi, Marco, "Leopards, cauldrons, and a beautiful stone. Notes on some early Syrian texts from Tell Beydar and Ebla", in Semitic and Assyrio- logical Studies Presented to Pelio Fronzaroli, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 75–96, 2003
Broekmans, T., A. Adriaens, and E. Pantos, "Analytical investigations of cooking pottery from Tell Beydar (NE-Syria)", Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 226.1-2, pp. 92-97, 2004
Rova, Elena, "Seal impressions on pottery in the Khabur Region in the IIIrd millennium BC: some new evidence from Tell Beydar", Baghdader Mitteilungen 37, pp.  295-312, 2006
De Ryck, Ivan, Emmanuel Pantos, and Annemie Adriaens, "Near Eastern ancient bronze objects from Tell Beydar (NE-Syria): Insights into their corrosion", Europhysics news 38.5, pp. 29-33, 2007
Pruß, Alexander, and Walther Sallaberger, "Tierhaltung in Nabada / Tell Beydar Und Die Bilderwelt Der Terrakotten Als Spiegel von Wirtschaft Und Umwelt", Archiv Für Orientforschung, vol. 50, pp. 293–307, 2003
F. Ismail, W. Sallaberger, P. Talon, K. Van Lerberghe, "Administrative Documents from Tell Beydar, Seasons 1993-1995", Brepols Publishers, 1997
L. Milano, W. Sallaberger, P. Talon, K. Van Lerberghe, "Third Millennium Cuneiform Texts from Tell Beydar, Seasons 1996-2002", Brepols Publishers, 2004,
K. Van Lerberghe and G. Voet, "Tell Beydar: Environmental and Technical Studies", Brepols, 2001,

External links

Tell Beydar excavation web site
Oriental Institute Tell Beydar survey note from 97-98 season
 Oriental Institute Tell Beydar survey note from 98-99 season

26th-century BC establishments
Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC
Bronze Age sites in Syria
Former populated places in Syria
Archaeological sites in al-Hasakah Governorate
Tells (archaeology)
Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)


The Pittsburgh and Beck's Run Railroad  was a short line railroad in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, running from the Smithfield Street Bridge to the Jones and Laughlin Iron Works.

See also
Becks Run

History of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
Transportation in Pittsburgh
Predecessors of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad
Railway companies established in 1877
Railway companies disestablished in 1880
American companies established in 1877
American companies disestablished in 1880
1877 establishments in Pennsylvania


Charles Carroll Yerkes (June 13, 1903 – December 20, 1950) was a professional baseball pitcher. Over the course of five seasons in Major League Baseball, he played for the Philadelphia Athletics (1927–29) and Chicago Cubs (1932–33).

External links

Major League Baseball pitchers
Philadelphia Athletics players
Chicago Cubs players
Dover Senators players
Portland Beavers players
Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players
Reading Keystones players
Albany Senators players
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Seattle Indians players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
1903 births
1950 deaths


Goroke P-12 College is a public school in Goroke, Victoria, Australia.

History
Goroke School was opened on 28 September 1885. The school first had a class of 10 boys and 10 girls. The original building was leased and of weather board construction with a shingle roof. The citizens of Goroke and district did not gain the present school complex with an unusual exertion of determination. So befitting the pioneering spirit that opened up the land for settlement.

It began in 1881, nine years after the passing of the Education Act of 1872, when citizens of Pleasant Banks asked the Department to look favorably upon their request for a school. The request was granted four years later. Today, more than one hundred years later, during Victoria's Bi-centennial Year Celebration we can look back with satisfaction on a job well done.

The Goroke site was complete in 1955 and was named The Goroke Consolidated School then renamed in 1990 as Goroke P-12 College. The consolidation brought together all the schools in the district,  such as Minimay, Nurcoung school, Gymbowen, Mitre and the Goroke school. Goroke was one of the original eleven P-12 colleges in Victoria.

Gymbowen School opened on 27 March 1881. It closed in August 1951. James Houston was the first to enrol 8 boys and 10 girls at the Gymbowen School. The 21 students that attended Gymbowen School then transferred to Goroke School when it closed down.
Minimay School opened on 2 May 1885. Norman McLeod was the first to enrol 8 boys and 12 girls at the Minimay School. The school closed on 6 February 1951. The school building was removed to Goroke and there it became the library.
Nurcoung School opened on 11 September 1886. Marie K. Monckton was the first to enrol 11 boys and 15 girls at the Nurcoung School. The school closed in 1955 and all the students transferred to Goroke School.
Mitre School was located on the Mitre Nurcoung Road, Victoria. After the school closed down all the students transferred to Goroke School.
Lemon Springs School opened on 4 June 1886. It closed some time during 1951. The school building then transferred to Goroke and the building was then used for the science room and later the art room.
Booroopki School opened on 1 May 1886 and closed some time during 1891. It then opened again on 1 March 1909 and closed on 11 September 1951 due to the school's buildings being condemned. All the students then transferred to Goroke School.

Sports and traditions
Each year Goroke P-12 college hosts many events including an annual swimming sports carnival and an athletics carnival. The school also attends many sporting carnivals school fete (every second year) and a talent quest (every year that the school fete isn't on). The school also has an end of the year school concert.

Former principals

Henry H. Pearson 1885
Alexander Harmer 1886
Charles S. McPherson 1886-1889
James Houston 1889-1904
(No record available from 1905 to 1906)
William J. H. Fenton 1907-1908
Mary Aburthnot 1908
Charles E. Jelbart 1909-1910
John Lane 1910-1911
Frederick A. Hughes 1911-1916
Ernest E. Wilson 1916-1918
Joseph J. Klippel 1918-1921
Daniel Griffin 1922-1935
Frank A. Parker 1935-1938
Matthew Egan 1938-1943

Reginald B. Broben 1944-1947
Jack Binder 1947-1953
Norman C. Deckert 1953-1963
Leslie H. Told 1963-1966
John. A.E. Hellwedge 1966-1969
Ronald Gordon 1969-1972
Russell J. Manie 1972-1975
Barry T. Judd 1975-1978
Allen L. Rogers 1978-1982
Raymond A. McCraw 1982-1985
John Woolls-Cobb 1986-1987
John Patterson 1987-1993
Keith Pike 1994-1996
Barry Hall 1997-2002
Joy Forbes 2002-2013
Therese Allen 2014- 2018
Dee Kearsley 2019-

References

 Back to Goroke, Centenary of Education Goroke & District 1885-1985 and Goroke P-12 College end of the year magazines for the principal roll call

External links
Goroke P-12 College

Educational institutions established in 1885
Public primary schools in Victoria (state)
Public high schools in Victoria (state)
1885 establishments in Australia


4E or 4e or 4-E may refer to:

People
Forrest J Ackerman or 4e (1916–2008), American science fiction fan and collector

Art, entertainment, and media
4E TV, a Greek TV station based in Thessaloniki
GURPS 4e Basic Set, an edition of the GURPS role-playing system
NJS4E (New Jack Swing For Ever), a company, network, events, and on-air programming honoring new jack swing
The 4th edition of Dungeons & Dragons, abbreviated as 4E
4E, the production code for the 1975 Doctor Who serial Genesis of the Daleks

Other uses
The "4E" view of cognition of the Extended mind thesis
4th meridian east, a longitude coordinate
Het 4e Gymnasium, a public gymnasium in the Netherlands
Potez 4E, a French air-cooled flat-four piston engine of the 1960s
Sedan 4E, a variation of the McCulloch MC-4 helicopter

See also
Douglas DC-4E, an American experimental airliner developed before World War II
E4 (disambiguation)
eIF4E, Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, a protein


Lloyd Appleton Metzler (1913 – 26 October 1980) was an American economist best known for his contributions to international trade theory.  He was born in Lost Springs, Kansas in 1913.  Although most of his career was spent at the University of Chicago, he was not a member of the Chicago school, but rather a Keynesian.

Lloyd was the youngest of three sons of Leroy and Lulu Appleton Metzler, who were both schoolteachers and both had college degrees. All three of the boys attended the University of Kansas at Lawrence. Leroy was a civil engineer, and Donald became the head of the engineering department and served as mayor of Lawrence. Lloyd was heading for a degree and career in business until he fell under the tutelage of John Ise, who convinced him to switch to economics, and who was a lifelong hero.

After graduation, Metzler received his PhD in Economics at Harvard University, where he became great friends with Paul Samuelson.

Metzler worked post-World War II with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in Washington DC, and spent much of that time working on post-war reconstruction in Europe.

Metzler was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1942 upon completing his PhD at Harvard.  He was made a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association in 1968.

In the early 1950s Metzler's career was severely impacted by the discovery of a brain tumor, and several surgeries. He continued to teach for another 20 years at the University of Chicago.

The Metzler paradox as well as Metzler matrices bear his name.

Notable students
 Arnold C. Harberger - Chief Economic Advisor, USAID; former president of the American Economic Association

Influences
 Alice Bourneuf
 Evsey Domar
 Paul Samuelson

References

 George Horwich and John Pomery, 2008. "Metzler, Lloyd Appleton (1913–1980)," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online, 2nd Ed. Macmillan. Cross references. Accessed 7 May 2009.
 Lloyd A. Metzler, 1973. Collected Papers, Harvard University Press.  Description and chapter-previews via scroll down.

External Sources

Guide to the Lloyd A. Metzler Papers 1941-1948 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

1913 births
1980 deaths
People from Marion County, Kansas
University of Chicago faculty
University of Kansas alumni
Harvard University alumni
Keynesians
Fellows of the Econometric Society
20th-century American economists
Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic Association
Economists from Kansas


Fight Fair was an American pop punk band from San Diego, California, that was also based out of San Francisco, California. The band was active from 2008-2011. They were signed to Triple Crown Records. They released their debut EP titled Settle the Score in 2008 Their debut full-length "California Kicks" was released June 29, 2010, while performing on the 2010 Vans Warped Tour.

Biography
Fight Fair spawned in the infamous 'San Diego State University party scene'. Lead vocalist Bigman described the band's sound as "uplifting and positive while maintaining the aggressive sound we grew up with" " Bigman is known for blurring the lines between hardcore punk and pop, widely credited with coining the term "skramz", a term used to differentiate modern mainstream screamo and underground DIY screamo.  Bigman and guitarist Evan Henkel were also known in the DIY screamo and hardcore punk scene for their former band Seeing Means More, and for Bigman being a featured vocalist on influential post-hardcore/screamo band Loma Prieta's song, entitled Apparition, the final track off their 2010 album, Life/Less.

History
During the formation of the band, there were a few member changes. On September 17, 2008, it was announced that the band had signed to Triple Crown Records. On September 19, Fight Fair was involved in a van and trailer accident on the border of Oregon and Washington which caused severe damage to their van, trailer and equipment. The band spent the next few days in Portland, Oregon raising money through Myspace and PayPal to fix some damages in order to make it home before Christmas. On November 12, "Pop Rocks" and "Brain Freeze!" were posted on the group's PureVolume account. A remixed and remastered version of Settle the Score was released through Triple Crown Records on November 18. It included three additional tracks.

In early 2009, they supported The Bigger Lights on a U.S. tour along with Thieves and Villains, which they later ended finished home co-headlining with School Boy Humor. Soon after they participated with 5 dates supporting Valencia with Houston Calls for the "Say No To Neon Tour". On April 7, a music video was released for "Pop Rocks". In May 2009, the band supported Amber Pacific on their headlining US tour. In support of the tour, Gibson Guitars gave away an Epiphone acoustic guitar, signed by all four bands.

In 2009, the band recorded their first full-length album, "California Kicks", with producers Mike Green and Brian Grider. The record was released June 29, 2010. After tracking the record they went straight into a tour with Breathe Carolina, Cash Cash, Stephen Jerzak and Kill Paradise called the EZ BRONZ TOUR' 09. A full U.S. tour from November 4, 2009, to December 12, 2009.

In May 2010, Fight Fair performed at Bled Fest. They then played the entire Warped Tour from June 24 to August 15, performing on the Skull Candy Stage. Fight Fair released "California Kicks" on the 2010 Vans Warped Tour. It was released while the tour was in the city of Phoenix, Arizona.

They recorded their final EP "Broken" with producer Sam Pura. It was released digitally May 17, 2011.

Discography

Splits
 Winter Bloo: An Aural Companion to Side A 2007 split with Get Back Loretta From Poseur Ink

EPs
 xFashionx (2007)
 Settle the Score (2008)
 Broken (2011)

Albums
 California Kicks (2010)

References

External links
 Fight Fair's profile at MySpace
 Fight Fair's profile at PureVolume
 Fight Fair's profile at YouTube

Pop punk groups from California
Triple Crown Records artists


La Huerta, or Huerta de Mataquito is a village (aldea) or small town near the north bank of the Mataquito River, in the Hualañé commune, in the Curicó Province, in the Maule Region, of Chile.  It is 45 kilometers west of the city of Curicó.

Nearby to the northeast is the Cerro Chiripilco and the monument commemorating the death of Lautaro in the Battle of Mataquito that is thought to have been fought at its foot near the Mataquito River.

Sources
 Francisco Solano Asta Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, Segunda Edicion Corregida y Aumentada, Nueva York, D. Appelton y Compania, 1899.  Pg. 319, Huerta de Mataquito

External links
  Google Satellite Map of La Huerta, Hualañé commune, Curico Province, Maule Region, Chile Note photos of nearby Cerro Chiripilco and the monument commemorating the death of Lautaro.

Geography of Maule Region
Populated places in Curicó Province


Mama Tried is the seventh studio album by American country music singer and songwriter Merle Haggard and The Strangers, released on Capitol Records in 1968. It reached number 4 on Billboard'''s country albums chart. The title song was one of Haggard's biggest hit singles and won the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999.

Background
Haggard had scored four number one hits in the previous two years with prison songs or crime-related themes, including "I'm a Lonesome Fugitive" (1966), "Branded Man" (1967), "Sing Me Back Home" (1967), and "The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde" (1968), and the singer continued his domination of the country charts with the self-penned "Mama Tried," a song in which the narrator laments the pain and suffering he caused his mother by going to prison "despite all my Sunday learnin'..."  Along with "Sing Me Back Home" and "Okie from Muskogee," it is probably the song most closely identified with Haggard. The story was partly autobiographical, and the fact that Haggard had actually spent two years in San Quentin gives the song an authenticity that makes the lyric sound all the more heartfelt. "Mama Tried" hit #1 in August 1968 and stayed there for a month. It would also be featured that fall in the Dick Clark production The Killers Three, a film in which Haggard ironically plays a lawman.

Although it isn't necessarily a concept album, Mama Tried is dominated with prison songs, including the Porter Wagoner hit "Green, Green Grass of Home," Johnny Cash's "Folsom Prison Blues," and the Mel Tillis original "I Could Have Gone Right," where Haggard once again pleads his mother's forgiveness. Haggard also recorded the Dolly Parton composition "In the Good Old Days (When Times Were Bad)" several months before Parton cut it herself. As detailed in the liner notes to the 1994 Haggard retrospective Down Every Road, "It was Bonnie (Owens) who brought the song to Merle's attention when the two of them did a short tour with Dolly and Porter Wagoner. Relaxing on Merle's bus one day, the guys were up front playing poker while Dolly and Bonnie hung out in back.  'She sang to me all night long,' Bonnie says, 'songs that she'd written..." As he had on his previous LP The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde, Haggard also included songs written by Dallas Frazier and Leon Payne.

Reissues
In 1996, Mama Tried was reissued by BGO Records along with I'm a Lonesome Fugitive.
In 2006, Mama Tried was reissued by Capitol Nashville along with Pride in What I Am with five bonus tracks and 24-bit digital remastering.

Critical receptionMama Tried continued Haggard's artistic and commercial hot streak, reaching number 4 on Billboard's country albums chart. In the original Rolling Stone'' review, Andy Wickham wrote, "His songs romanticize the hardships and tragedies of America's transient proletarian and his success is resultant of his inherent ability to relate to his audience a commonplace experience with precisely the right emotional pitch...Merle Haggard looks the part and sounds the part because he is the part. He's great." In 2013, Haggard biographer David Cantwell observed that "Mama Tried" had "the potential to reach beyond the country audience that went unrealized, at least in Merle's version, and the whole album has pop ambition unusual for a late-Sixties country release." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of  AllMusic wrote: "While 'Mama Tried' stands out among Haggard's original material, 'I'll Always Know' and 'You'll Never Love Me Now' are both solid songs." The song "Mama Tried" won the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999.

Track listing

Personnel
Merle Haggard– vocals, guitar

The Strangers:
Roy Nichols – guitar
Norman Hamlet – steel guitar
George French – piano
Jerry Ward – bass
Eddie Burris – drums

with
Lewis Talley – guitar
Tommy Collins – guitar
Billy Mize – guitar
Bonnie Owens – harmony vocals

and
Glen Campbell – guitar
James Burton – guitar

Chart positions

References

1968 albums
Merle Haggard albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)

Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


"Down Home" is a song written by Rick Bowles and Josh Leo, and recorded by American country music band Alabama.  It was released in February 1991 as the fourth single from their album Pass It On Down.  The song hit number one on the Hot Country Singles chart in April 1991.

Content
The song is about the narrator telling the story of his childhood growing up in a rural area or a small town ("Just off of the beaten path/A little dot on a state road map/That's where I was born and where I'll die"). The song continues by paying homage to the generally tighter knit social integrity of such rural developments ("Down home, where they know you by name and treat you like family/Down home, a man's good word and a hand shake/Are all you need").

Chart positions

Year-end charts

References

External links

Alabama (American band) songs
1991 singles
Songs written by Josh Leo
Song recordings produced by Josh Leo
RCA Records singles
Songs written by Rick Bowles
1990 songs


Shaikh Rashid Bin Ibrahim Al Muraikhi () is a prominent Sufi Sunni Islamic scholar and teacher in Bahrain. He used to be the khateeb of the Shaikh Isa Bin Ali Mosque in Muharraq until 1988. He has been praised for his role in bridging the Sunni-Shia sectarian divide in Bahrain and has warm relations with Shia scholars in Bahrain. As a leader of the Sufi tradition in Bahrain, he has been a target of criticism by puritanical Salafist activists for participating and endorsing Sufi ceremony such as Al-Maulid Al-Nabawi (the birth of Muhammad) in which he recites poems about the event.

His son, Shaikh Ibrahim Al Muraikhi, is the chief justice of the Supreme Sunni Sharia Court in Bahrain and the president of the Imam Malik ibn Anas Society. The Imam Malik Society is the only registered Sufi organization in Bahrain.

Among Shaikh Rashid's published works is Raf' al-Astar 'an Shubuhat wa Dalalat Sahib al- Hiwar ("Exposing the Insinuations and Aggravations of the Author of the 'Debate with al-Maliki").

Among his teachers are Shaikh Mohammed Al Hijazi of Muharraq, Shaikh Mohammed Abil Mulla of al-Hasa, Shaikh Abbas Bin Alawi Al Maliki of Mecca (brother of Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki), and Shaikh Abdul Qadir Al Saggaf  of Jeddah.

References
 Spreading the message of love, Gulf Daily News, 12 July 2009
 Sufi clerics plan German pilgrimage, Gulf Daily News, 12 July 2009
 أكد أنهم أولى بالسلف من غيرهم... شيخ الصوفية في البحرين راشد المريخي: //البحرين - Al Wasat, 7 October 2008
 مبادرات المريخي... أم بيانات السعيدي؟ Al Wasat, 18 October 2008
 Advice to Our Brothers the Ulema of Najd - Yusuf al-Rifa`i'
 شيخ الصوفية ينفي الاحتفالات المختلطة بين الرجال والنساء - Al Arabiya - 1 July 2007
 Imam Malik Society

Bahraini Sunni Muslims
Bahraini writers
Malikis
Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
Bahraini Sufis
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


The Grey Lady and the Strawberry Snatcher is a children's wordless picture book by Molly Bang, published in 1980 by Four Winds Press/Macmillan Publishing Company. The book was a recipient of the 1981 Caldecott Honor.

Plot
A grey lady buys strawberries from the market and heads home to her family with them. A long fingered blue creature follows her and tries to steal the strawberries, but she escapes through various means—catching a bus, swinging from a vine, and simply by blending into the grey swamp but for her face and hands. When he gets frustrated, he finds blackberries and eats them instead.

Reception
A Chevron Cars review says, The Grey Lady and the Strawberry Snatcher by Molly Bang has superb illustrations with the grey lady becoming part of the environment, hidden from the viewer as well as from the strawberry snatcher." A Teaching Pre K-8 review says, "Dive into this story when you have plenty of time. Every page presents possibilities for wondering, discussing and anticipating. That's the way to get kids hooked on books." Carol Hurst reviewed the book saying, "The artist's use of figure/ground manipulation is central to the plot and can be used as an introduction to other art activities using negative and positive space". The book was used as a project in the book Math & Stories. The book won a 1981 Caldecott Honor Book award, a 1980 Boston Globe-Horn Book honor book award for Illustration, A Children's Reviewer's Choice 1980 award, ALA Booklist award, a 1980 AIGA Children's Book Show Selection award.

References

1980 children's books
American picture books
Caldecott Honor-winning works
Wordless books
Children's books set in swamps


Global administrative law is an emerging field that is based upon a dual insight: that much of what is usually termed “global governance” can be accurately characterized as administrative action; and that increasingly such action is itself being regulated by administrative law-type principles, rules and mechanisms – in particular those relating to participation, transparency, accountability and review. GAL, then, refers to the structures, procedures and normative standards for regulatory decision-making including transparency, participation, and review, and the rule-governed mechanisms for implementing these standards, that are applicable to formal intergovernmental regulatory bodies; to informal intergovernmental regulatory networks; to regulatory decisions of national governments where these are part of or constrained by an international intergovernmental regime; and to hybrid public-private or private transnational bodies. The focus of this field is not the specific content of substantive rules, but rather the operation of existing or possible principles, procedural rules and reviewing and other mechanisms relating to accountability, transparency, participation, and assurance of legality in global governance.

Overview

Today almost all human activity is subject to some form of global regulation. Goods and activities that are beyond the effective control of any one State are regulated at the global level. Global regulatory regimes cover a vast array of different subject-areas, including forest preservation, the control of fishing, water regulation, environmental protection, arms control, food safety and standardization, financial and accounting standards, internet governance, pharmaceuticals regulation, intellectual property protection, refugee protection, coffee and cocoa standards, labour standards, antitrust regulation, to name but a very few.
This increase in the number and scope of regulatory regimes has been matched by the huge growth of international organizations: nowadays over 2,000 intergovernmental organizations (IGO) and around 40,000 Non-governmental organizations (NGO) are operating worldwide.

There are, of course, great differences among the various different types of regulatory regimes. Some merely provide a framework for State action, whereas others establish guidelines addressed to domestic administrative agencies, and others still impact directly upon national civil society actors. Some regulatory regimes create their own implementation mechanisms, while others rely on national or regional authorities for this task. To settle disputes, some regulatory regimes have established judicial (or quasi-judicial) bodies, or refer to those of different regimes; while others resort to “softer” forms, such as negotiation. Within this framework, the traditional mechanisms based on State consent as expressed through treaties or custom are simply no longer capable of accounting for all global activities.

A new regulatory space is emerging, distinct from that of inter-State relations, transcending the sphere of influence of both international law and domestic administrative law: this can be defined as the global administrative space. IOs have become much more than instruments of the governments of their Member States; rather, they set their own norms and regulate their field of activity; they generate and follow their own, particular legal proceedings; and they can grant participatory rights to subjects, both public and private, affected by their activities. Ultimately, they have emerged as genuine global public administrations.
In other words, the structures, procedures and normative standards for regulatory decision-making applicable to global institutions (including transparency, participation, and review), and the rule-governed mechanisms for implementing these standards are coming to form a specific field of legal theory and practice: that of global administrative law. The main focus of this emerging field is not the particular content of substantive rules generated by global regulatory institutions, but rather the actual or potential application of principles, procedural rules and reviewing and other mechanisms relating to accountability, transparency, participation, and the rule of law in global governance.

Bibliographical references

Overview articles

 Sabino CASSESE, “Administrative Law without the State? The Challenge of Global Regulation”, 37 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 663 (2005)
 Benedict KINGSBURY, Nico KRISCH and Richard B. STEWART, "The Emergence of Global Administrative Law", 68 Law and Contemporary Problems 15 (2005)

Casebooks

 Global Administrative Law: The Casebook (3rd edition, 2012), edited by Sabino CASSESE, Bruno CAROTTI, Lorenzo CASINI, Eleonora CAVALIERI, and Euan MACDONALD
 Global Administrative Law: Cases, Materials, Issues (2nd edition, 2008), edited by Sabino CASSESE, Bruno CAROTTI, Lorenzo CASINI, Marco MACCHIA, Euan MACDONALD, and Mario SAVINO
 Global Administrative Law: Cases and Materials (1st edition, 2006)

Essays and other relevant publications

 Stefano BATTINI, Giulio VESPERINI (eds.), Global and European Constraints Upon National Right to Regulate: the Service Sector (February 29, 2008)
 Lorenzo CASINI, “Diritto amministrativo globale”, in Sabino CASSESE (dir.), Dizionario di diritto pubblico, Milano (2006), ad vocem
 Daniel C. ESTY, “Good Governance at the Supranational Scale: Globalizing Administrative Law”, 115 Yale Law Journal 1490 (2006)
 Nico KRISCH, Benedict KINGSBURY (eds.), Symposium on “Global Governance and Global Administrative Law in the International Legal Order”, 17 European Journal of International Law, no. 1 (2006)
 NYU School of Law-IIILJ, GAL Working Papers Series
 NYU School of Law-IIILJ, GAL Emerging Scholars Working Papers Series

Bibliographical resources

 "General Bibliography", from Global Administrative Law: The Casebook (3rd edition, 2012)
 "General Bibliography", from Global Administrative Law: Cases, Materials, Issues (2nd edition, 2008)
 GAL Bibliography Update (Maurizia De Bellis, June 2006)
 Diritto amministrativo globale: Bibliografia (Bruno Carotti and Lorenzo Casini, 2006)
 "A Global Administrative Law Bibliography", 68 Law and Contemporary Problems 357 (2005)
 "GAL Bibliography", ed. by Euan MacDonald, on the NYU-IILJ Website

Relevant institutions and research projects

 The Global Administrative Law (GAL) Project based in the Institute for International Law and Justice (IILJ) - New York University School of Law.
 The Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht at Heidelberg has a GAL project with case studies of international administration (in English).
 The Istituto di Ricerche sulla Pubblica Amministrazione (IRPA), an Italian non profit organization founded in 2004 by Professor Sabino Cassese and other professors of administrative law, promotes advanced studies and research projects on GAL.
 The European University Institute in Florence has a project on self-regulation led by Professor Fabrizio Cafaggi.
 The Global Economic Governance Programme at Oxford University, directed by Professor Ngaire Woods.
 The Bremen Project, a Collaborative Research Center established in January 2003, supported by the University of Bremen, the International University (Bremen), and the Bremen University of Applied Sciences.
 La Chaire Mutations de L'Action Publique et du Droit Public (MADP), a professorship established under Professor Jean-Bernard Auby at Sciences Po (Paris).

References

International law
Administrative law
Global politics


Iranian monarchism is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy in Iran, which was abolished after the 1979 Revolution.

Historical background
Iran first became a constitutional monarchy in 1906 under the Qajar dynasty, but underwent a period of autocracy during the years 1925–1941 during the rule of Reza Shah, who, after staging a coup d'état that led to the founding of the Pahlavi dynasty, imposed self-rule. Parliament became a rubber stamp, the press was censored and the Communist Party and trade unions banned. After Reza Shah's abdication in 1941, the Iranian National Assembly was restored to power. During the years 1941 to 1953, Iran remained a constitutional monarchy and active parliamentary democracy with Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi retaining extensive legal executive powers.

On March 15, 1951, the National Assembly, led by Prime Minister Hossein Ala, unanimously voted to nationalize the oil industry, which at the time was dominated by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now BP). In 1953, the British MI6 and American CIA orchestrated a coup against Mohammed Mossadegh's government. Agents fueled rumors that the republican-minded Mossadegh was planning on abolishing the monarchy and declaring himself president of a new Republic of Iran, leading to a pro-monarchist backlash from the public and leading to a successful result in the coup against the prime minister.

The Shah, who had gone into exile during the coup, returned to Iran and named General Fazlollah Zahedi as the new prime minister. Many contemporary sources attribute the coup, or counter coup, entirely to the U.S. American CIA (CIA Coup) and agents of the British MI6 who are reported to have organized and paid for it.   These sources point to many other coups in which the CIA was instrumental, such as those in Congo (1964), Chile (1973), and Algeria (1991). Monarchists, however, argue that the counter-coup was in fact a popular uprising, and that the foreign intelligence agencies' undeniable involvement was peripheral. At least some historians argue the coup could not have taken place without both CIA organizing and Iranian support.

Afterwards, the era of constitutional monarchy gradually came to an end as the Shah increasingly exercised his executive powers unilaterally, thus leading towards the development of autocracy. By the early 1970s, with most political parties having been banned, Iran had effectively become a one-party state under Rastakhiz. National Front leaders like Karim Sanjabi and moderate traditional Islamic leaders like Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari continued to espouse a constitutional monarchy.

Under increasing international pressure, particularly from President Jimmy Carter of the United States, the Shah pushed forward major democratic reforms in the late 1970s, designed to gradually restore the constitutional monarchy as it had originally been. However, several uprisings in 1978 and 1979 culminated in the Shah, who had been diagnosed with terminal cancer and had kept the fact secret, to leave the country with his family to seek treatment overseas. Within a few weeks the Shah's government had effectively collapsed and the Second Revolution had begun. The new provisional revolutionary government officially abolished the monarchy and declared Iran to be a republic. In April 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran was established, under the Supreme Leadership of Ruhollah Khomeini.

In the months following the Revolution, former Field Marshal of the Imperial Armed Forces Bahram Aryana organized a counter-revolution in exile. Based in Paris, France, with other military officials of the Imperial Armed Forces and Prince Shahriar Shafiq, he established Azadegan, a paramilitary resistance intended to help restore the constitutional monarchy. Fearing a growing counter-revolution, Prince Shahriar was assassinated in Paris in December 1979 by Khomeinist agents, which was a major setback for the monarchist resistance. Despite a number of successful operations which garnered international media attention in 1980 and 1981, the outbreak of war between Iran and Iraq officially brought any hope for counter-revolution to an end.

In the 1990s and the decade following 2000, the Shah's reputation has staged something of a revival, with many Iranians looking back on his era as a time when Iran was more prosperous and the government less oppressive. Journalist Afshin Molavi reports even members of the uneducated poor - traditionally core supporters of the revolution that overthrew the Shah - making remarks such as 'God bless the Shah's soul, the economy was better then;' and finds that "books about the former Shah (even censored ones) sell briskly," while "books of the Rightly Guided Path sit idle."

Monarchist parties
Monarchist parties and organizations are strictly prohibited by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and monarchists and their sympathizers are subject to imprisonment if discovered. However, monarchists remain active in Los Angeles and maintain links with their organizations and parties in Europe such as Azadegan, the Constitutionalist Party and Rastakhiz.

Monarchist groups such as Azadegan and Constitutionalist only advocate for the restoration of the constitutional monarchy, without necessarily endorsing the Pahlavi dynasty, the Qajar dynasty or any other Iranian royal dynasty. Rastakhiz specifically calls for the return of the House of Pahlavi to the throne, while the Kingdom Assembly of Iran is opposed to a Pahlavi restoration.

The former Crown Prince of Iran, Reza Pahlavi, himself does not advocate the restoration of his dynasty, instead stating that the matter is for Iranians themselves to decide in a national referendum whether or not to restore the constitutional monarchy with the restoration of the House of Pahlavi.

Monarchist political parties
 Constitutionalist Party of Iran
 Justice Party
 Nationalists' Party
 National Union Party
 New Iran Party (1927)
 New Iran Party (1963-1975)
 People's Party
 Progress Party
 Rastakhiz
 Sarbazan and Janbakhtegan

See also
Politics of Iran
Political parties in Iran
Kingdom Assembly of Iran
 List of monarchs of Persia
 List of Shahbanus of Persia

References

External links
Azadegan

Restoration of the monarchy


Nicole Steinwedell (born April 2, 1981) is an American film and television actress.

She is the daughter of two Marines and the granddaughter of an Army colonel. She has three sisters and one brother. She is best known for playing Bridget "Red Cap" Sullivan in the CBS series The Unit and as Philomena "Philly" Rotchliffer in the A&E series Breakout Kings.

In 2019, Steinwedell staged a one-woman show that she wrote, "Temple Tantrum", about growing up in a Christian cult.

Filmography

References

External links

American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
1981 births
21st-century American actresses


The 2002 United States Senate election in New Mexico was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Pete Domenici won re-election to a sixth term. , this is the last time a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in New Mexico.

Democratic primary

Candidates
 Gloria Tristani, member of the Federal Communications Commission and former Corporation Commissioner of New Mexico
 Francesa Lobato
 Don E. Durham (write-in)

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
 Pete Domenici, incumbent U.S. Senator
 Orlin G. Cole (write-in)

Results

General election

Candidates
 Pete Domenici (R), incumbent U.S. Senator
 Gloria Tristani (D), member of the Federal Communications Commission and former Corporation Commissioner of New Mexico

Predictions

Results

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
 Guadalupe (largest city: Santa Rosa)
 Mora (largest city: Mora)

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
 Santa Fe (largest city: Santa Fe)
 San Miguel (largest city: Las Vegas)
 Taos (largest city: Taos)

See also
 2002 United States Senate election

References

2002 New Mexico elections
New Mexico
2002


Caliper, A PerkinElmer Company produces products and services for life sciences research. The firm, founded in 1995, is based in Hopkinton, Massachusetts with direct sales, service and application-support operations in countries around the globe. The firm's products include instruments, software and reagents, laboratory automation tools microfluidics, lab automation & liquid handling, optical imaging technologies, and services for drug discovery and drug development.

The company was acquired by PerkinElmer in 2011.

Products

Microfluidic platform
Caliper researched and produced microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology, used for drug screening and profiling and for DNA, RNA and protein analysis.

Optical imaging
Through its acquisition of Xenogen Corporation in 2006, the firm developed of in vivo biophotonic imaging technology, producing both biophotonic and fluorescent imaging technologies.

Lab automation and liquid handling
The firm produced other robotic systems is to automate solid phase extraction and several liquid handling and plate management systems to automate drug discovery and development.

Discovery and development outsourcing
Caliper's Discovery Alliances & Services division (CDAS) was created from the acquisitions of NovaScreen, a provider of in vitro & in vivo discovery services. The in vitro service arm of CDAS included in vitro drug discovery and development, including screening assays to define the mode of action, side effect profiles, selectivity, and other relevant activities of drug candidates. In vivo capabilities included: non-invasive in vivo optical imaging, OncoMouse studies, and in vivo compound evaluations for safety assessment and drug repositioning.

History
Caliper Life Sciences was founded in 1995 by Larry Bock and Drs. Michael Knapp, Michael Ramsey and Andreas Manz. as Caliper Technologies, with a focus on microfluidics technology. In 2003, the firm acquired Zymark, a company with a focus in laboratory automation and robotics, and was renamed Caliper Life Sciences. In October 2005, it acquired NovaScreen Biosciences Corporation a privately held CRO offering pre-clinical drug discovery and development services. In August 2006, it acquired Xenogen Corporation, a developer of in vivo optical imaging systems (IVIS systems) and its division, Xenogen Biosciences, a CRO offering in vivo transgenic animal production, phenotyping, gene targeting and in vivo optical imaging services, which was subsequently acquired by Taconic.

At the end of October 2008, SOTAX, a tester and software developer of medical devices, acquired Caliper's Pharmaceutical Development & Quality Analysis (PDQ) Division for $15.8 Million. On November 10, 2008, Caliper's Auto Trace(r) line of product was acquired by Dionex. In December 2009, Taconic Biosciences acquired XenoGen Biosciences' in vivo pre-clinical CRO, a subsidiary of Caliper Life Sciences.  A year later, in December 2010, Caliper purchased Cambridge Research & Instrumentation Inc. for ~$20 million in a cash and stock deal.

In September 2011, PerkinElmer agreed to buy Caliper Life Sciences for $600 million. On November 7, 2011, PerkinElmer completed the acquisition of Caliper Life Sciences for a total net purchase price of approximately $600 million in cash.

References

External links
 Caliper, A PerkinElmer Company Company Profile at Google Finance.

Biotechnology companies of the United States
Life sciences industry
Medical technology companies of the United States
Biotechnology companies established in 1995
1995 establishments in Massachusetts
Manufacturing companies established in 1995


The Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) was established in 1971 as a major industrial unit of India's Department of Atomic Energy, as a nuclear plant also specializing in supply of nuclear fuel bundles and reactor core components.  It is a unique facility where natural and enriched uranium fuel, zirconium alloy cladding and reactor core components are manufactured under one roof.

Natural uranium, mined at Jaduguda Uranium Mine in the Singhbhum area of Jharkhand state, is converted into nuclear fuel assemblies.  A 220 MW PHWR fuel bundle contains 15.2 kg of natural uranium dioxide (UO2).  Uranium dioxide pellets, which generate heat while undergoing fission, also generate fission products. The fission products, which are radioactive, should be contained and not allowed to mix with coolant water.  Hence the UO2 pellets are contained in zirconium alloy tubes with both ends hermetically sealed.

Nuclear Fuel Complex supplies zircaloy clad uranium oxide fuel assemblies and zirconium alloy structural components for all 14 operating atomic power reactors in India. The Hyderabad plant has a capacity to produce 250 tons of UO2 per year and is expected to expand to a 600 tons per year capacity.

NFC products are supplied to the Department of Atomic Energy, the Indian Navy, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and other defence organisations, as well as chemical, fertiliser, and ball bearing industries.

NFC is planning to establish two major fuel fabrication facilities to meet the expected jump in nuclear power production.

References

Government agencies for energy (India)
Nuclear fuel companies
Nuclear technology in India
Manufacturing companies based in Hyderabad, India
Energy companies established in 1971
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1971
1971 establishments in Andhra Pradesh


KNEB-FM (94.1 MHz) is a radio station  broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Scottsbluff, Nebraska, United States, the station serves the Scottsbluff area. The station is owned by Nebraska Rural Radio Association and features programming from ABC Radio and Westwood One.

KNEB-HD2
On July 12, 2018, KNEB-FM launched a classic country format on its HD2 subchannel, branded as "101.7 The Trail" (formerly simulcast on translator K269DO 101.7 FM Scottsbluff).

References

External links

Country radio stations in the United States
NEB-FM


Boutroux is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Émile Boutroux (1845–1921), French philosopher of science and religion
Pierre Boutroux (1880–1922), French mathematician and historian of science, son of Émile

French-language surnames


Love Will Turn You Around is the thirteenth studio album by American singer Kenny Rogers, released in 1982.

The title cut was the debut single and charted well, reaching #1 on the U.S. and Canadian country charts and adult contemporary charts, and #13 on the Hot 100 chart.  The other single, "A Love Song", didn't fare as well, only reaching #47 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was, however, #1 in Canada and #3 on the U.S. Country chart.

The album peaked at #34 on the Billboard 200 charts.  The album has been certified Platinum in both the U.S. and Canada.

Track listing

Personnel
 Kenny Rogers – lead vocals, backing vocals (3), vocal arrangements, rhythm arrangements
 Randy McCormick – keyboards (1)
 Joel Scott – Fender Rhodes (2)
 John Hobbs – acoustic piano (3), organ (7), organ solo (7)
 Clarence McDonald – Fender Rhodes (4, 9, 10)
 Billy Preston – organ (4)
 Lincoln Mayorga – acoustic piano (4, 10)
 Randy Goodrum – keyboards (5), rhythm arrangements (5)
 Shane Keister – keyboards (5)
 Eugene Golden – acoustic piano (6)
 Steve Goldstein – acoustic piano (8)
 Billy Joe Walker Jr. – guitar (1), acoustic guitar (2, 9), mandolin (2)
 Fred Tackett – acoustic guitar (2, 4, 10), guitar (3, 9), electric guitar (7)
 Paul Jackson Jr. – electric guitar (4, 6, 7, 9, 10)
 Larry Byrom – guitar (5)
 Jon Goin – guitar (5)
 Randy Dorman – guitar (6)
 Richie Zito – electric guitar (7), guitar solo (7)
 Waddy Wachtel – acoustic guitar (8)
 Josh Leo – electric guitar (8)
 Joe Chemay – bass (1, 7, 9), backing vocals (6, 7)
 Nathan East – bass (2, 4, 10)
 Emory Gordy Jr. – bass (3)
 Jack Williams – bass (5)
 Chuck Jacobs – bass (6)
 Bryan Garofalo – bass (8)
 Paul Leim – percussion (1), drums (2, 3, 7, 9)
 Leon "Ndugu" Chancler – drums (2, 4, 10)
 Kenny Malone – drums (5), percussion (5)
 Bobby Daniels – drums (6)
 Craig Krampf – drums (8)
 Ress Williams – cowbell (7)
 Gary Herbig – flute solo (6)
 Tommy Morgan – harmonica (8)
 Joel Peskin – tenor saxophone (9), tenor sax solo (9)
 Gene Page – rhythm arrangements, string arrangements
 Brent Maher – rhythm arrangements (5)
 Jimmie Haskell – string arrangements
 Larry Cansler – string arrangements
 Mike Post – string arrangements
 Murray Adler – concertmaster
 Sid Sharp – concertmaster
 Kin Vassy – backing vocals (1, 3, 4, 7, 10), guitar (3)
 Terry Williams – backing vocals (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10)
 Herb Pedersen – backing vocals (2, 9)
 Joey Scarbury – backing vocals (2, 9)
 Cindy Fee – backing vocals (3, 4, 6, 10)
 Donna McElroy – backing vocals (5)
 Vicki Hampton – backing vocals (5)
 Don Henley – backing vocals (6)
 Kenny Williams – backing vocals (10)

Production
 Producers – Kenny Rogers (Tracks 1–4, 6, 7, 9 & 10); David Malloy (Track 1); Brent Maher (Track 5); Randy Goodrum (Track 5); Val Garay (Track 8).
 Production Assistant – Brenda Harvey Richie
 Engineers – Bob Bullock, Reggie Dozier, Val Garay, Brent Maher and Al Schmitt.
 Second Engineers – Niko Bolas, Bob Bullock, Larry Ferguson, Tom Fouce and Stephen Schmitt.
 Recorded at Creative Workshop (Nashville, TN); Lion Share Recording Studios and Record One (Los Angeles, CA).
 Mixing – Bob Bullock, Reggie Dozier, Kenny Rogers and Al Schmitt.
 Mixed at Lion Share Recording Studios
 Mastered by Bernie Grundman at A&M Studios (Hollywood, CA).
 Art Direction – Bill Burks
 Illustration – Richard Amsel
 Photography – Gary Register

Chart performance

References

Kenny Rogers albums
1982 albums
Albums arranged by Gene Page
Albums arranged by Jimmie Haskell
Albums produced by Val Garay
Albums produced by Brent Maher
Albums produced by David Malloy
Liberty Records albums


Peter Goldschmidt is an American academic who is a senior researcher at UCLA's National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST) and a contributor to a compilation of essays and studies entitled Unequal Schools, Unequal Chances. Dr. Goldschmidt's research interests include investigating proper methods for monitoring student and school performance. His focus involves mediating and moderating factors such as community, organization, and policy effects on student outcomes by applying innovative cross-sectional and longitudinal random effects models to analyses of school quality, cost effectiveness studies, and program evaluations. His interests also include the effect of schooling on the transition to work and comparisons with international education systems.

Does not have an education

Education

 PhD, 1997, School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Division of Social Research Methodology, Emphasis: Economics of Education
MA, 1987, University of California, Santa Barbara, Major: Economics
BA, 1985, University of California, Los Angeles, Major: Economics

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American educational theorists


Dominique Horwitz (born 23 April 1957) is a French film and television actor and singer.

Life
Horwitz was born on 23 April 1957 in Paris, France, to German Jewish refugee parents, who had both fled Nazi Germany. In 1971 the family moved to Berlin. He attended a Franco-German grammar-school. He has a sister and a brother. For about twenty years, Horwitz was located in Hamburg where he was married. From his first marriage with his wife Patricia he has two children, the actress Miriam and Laszlo. He currently lives with his second wife Anna and the children Mick and Marlene in Tiefengruben, Bad Berka, a village near Weimar in Thuringia. He is a prominent supporter of social institutions in Weimar, where he helps unemployed youths in a boxing club. He also organises boxing tournaments and links them with culture. Between the boxing matches musical newcomers can perform their music.

Career
He has appeared in over thirty films and over fifty television productions. His first screen role was appearing as Leo Singer in the film David (1979).

In 1992, Horwitz received the Golden Lion Award for the Best Actor from the Venice Film Festival.

He played the role of the Devil (pegleg) in the theatre production The Black Rider (William S. Burroughs, Robert Wilson, Tom Waits).

Horwitz is perhaps best known for playing Obergefreiter Fritz Reiser in Stalingrad (1993).

Selected filmography

Television work

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
Jewish German male actors
German male film actors
German male television actors
French people of German-Jewish descent
French emigrants to Germany
French Jews
20th-century German male actors
21st-century German male actors
20th-century German Jews
Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni
Male actors from Paris


Rockline was a nationally syndicated radio interview program hosted by Bob Coburn that was broadcast live via satellite every Monday and Wednesday night from 8:30pm-10pm PT to radio stations in the United States and Canada. Founded in 1981, it was considered to be the longest running, uninterrupted program in rock history. The main guests interviewed on the program were various musical artists of the rock genre, including both active rock artists (on Mondays) and classic rock artists (on Wednesdays). The primary feature of the program was the ability for listeners to call live and ask questions to the guests. Several of the shows were also live performances.

History

Owners, syndicators, and show format
Rockline started in 1981 with a weekly format on Monday nights, Monday being chosen because at the time most bands did not play on Mondays. The first guests on the show were Joe Walsh of the Eagles and Tom Johnston of The Doobie Brothers, on May 4, 1981. The show generally originated in Los Angeles, occasionally from the ABC Studios in New York City.

In the early 1990s, a TV show called Rockline on MTV was spun off the radio show. It kept the same live, call-in format.

In June 1998, AMFM Radio Networks purchased Rockline, among other programs, from the Global Satellite Network. Under the ownership of AMFM, the show expanded to two nights a week, Mondays and Wednesdays, on January 1, 1999. In August 2000, AMFM was merged into Premiere Radio Networks, a wholly owned subsidiary of Clear Channel Communications. Two years later, in November 2002, Premiere announced that 15 programs were being cut from their roster, including Rockline. Shortly thereafter, in January 2003, host Bob Coburn purchased the show from Premiere. Later that same year, in November, Crystal Media Networks began syndicating the show. November 2008 saw a change in syndicator when Dial Global picked up Rockline, while Bob Coburn continued to be the host.

On November 20, 2014, Coburn announced that Rockline would have its final broadcast on December 22, 2014. In a statement released by syndicator, Westwood One, Coburn noted that "the world has changed from an innovative, unique idea back in 1981 to one of near constant exposure for artists in 2014. With the Internet, Twitter accounts, hundreds of television channels and a more sophisticated press, artists are now literally at the fingertips of their fans. 'Rockline' is no longer the invaluable tool to connect fans with their Rock & Roll heroes, it has become but one of many…Now is the time to pass the mantle."

Hosts
The original host for six months was B. Mitchel Reed. Following that, Coburn was the lone host until the early 1990s. Following his departure, there were three full-time hosts, Steve Downes, Beau Rials and Riki Rachtman, until March 10, 1997 when Coburn returned. Coburn died of lung cancer on December 17, 2016, at age 68.

Guests
Two major "hold-out" guests who never appeared on the show were Bruce Springsteen and Eric Clapton. Axl Rose and Slash made their last interview together, in 1994, on Rockline. The two guests who appeared the most are Ozzy Osbourne (19 times) and Rush (18 times).

Notable non-musical guests include then Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton with running mate, then-United States Senator from Tennessee Al Gore during their presidential campaign in 1992; and on December 16, 1993 radio superstar Howard Stern, the latter of whom was promoting his New Year's Eve pay-per-view special.

Other entities
There was also a Rockline that began in 1982 by a group of radio guys and record company executives, one of whom became a co-founder of MTV. This 2nd Rockline was the very first electronic bulletin board (now called website) in the Rock genre, and it offered rock musician interviews, band news, album reviews, concert information and ticket prices, major record label releases for the week, artist discographies, film reviews, TV show reviews, musician job referrals and MTV and FM radio station playlists. Rockline was the first rock show online, on the internet, and ultimately, it was transmitted to the national public via CompuServe. The terminal program was PC-Talk III.

References

External links

 Rockline Encore page at the KLOS website

1981 radio programme debuts
American music radio programs
Rock music radio programs


KSID (1340 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a classic country music format. Licensed to Sidney, Nebraska, United States, the station serves the Sidney area and is currently owned by Mike Flood and Andy Ruback, through licensee Flood Communications West, LLC. It features programming from ABC Radio .

History
On May 5, 2021, KSID changed their format from country to classic country, branded as "Cheyenne County Country".

References

External links

Classic country radio stations in the United States
SID