A  () is a section of a Korean traditional house () that is generally reserved for men and guests. It can be composed of a number of rooms and elements, including notably the  (). In smaller homes, the  may just consist of a single , in which case they are one and the same.

The  and anbang are the female-oriented counterparts. They are more private sections of the house exclusive to women and prohibited to especially male guests, from which they cook, store precious items away from guests, and manage the household.

These gendered spaces first emerged around the Joseon period, following a Confucian ideal of strict separation of genders. They became widespread during that period, even in the countryside. However, they are now uncommon.

Description

Function
A  is a section of the house where men can sleep, study, and entertain guests. However, in some particularly large houses, guests could be entertained in yet another structure, with outsiders being prohibited entry into the . If it contained multiple rooms, fathers usually slept in a separate room from their sons, although the son could share a room with their grandfather.

Women, including the female head of household and daughter-in-laws, were generally forbidden from entering it. How strictly the entry ban was enforced varied by household and by time, although it was not uncommon for women in noble families to never once enter a  for their entire lives.

However, especially for the rural poor with small houses, the  often served other general purposes, like being a workshop or a space for storing equipment.

Composition
Depending on the size of the house,  can either be connected to or disconnected from the rest of the house. Within a house, it is generally placed closer to the main entrance, in order to accommodate the entry of guests. It can either have or be separated from the  by a larger open space called a  or  ().

A  contains one or more rooms, but always contains a . If the  is the only room, it performs all the functions of the .

Examples
The birthplace of President Park Chung Hee was constructed around either 1900 or 1916, and has a separate sarangchae that is placed closer to the main entry. It has several small rooms.

The Blue House ("Cheongwadae"), the former presidential palace of South Korea, has a sarangchae that is external to the rest of the complex. In the spirit of sarangchaes, it was open to the public even before the Blue House was vacated and itself turned into a museum. It shows the history of the main building and the Korean presidency.

History

Confucianism became widespread in Korea during the Joseon period (1392–1894). This is also when  developed. The concept reflected the prioritization of Confucianist ideals. Confucianism dictates a strict separation of genders, with activities and duties mandated to each gender. It considered studying and poetry as virtues. Thus, the  and  physically oriented the home into following these ideals.

See also
Anbang
Hanok

References

Architecture in Korea

Korean Confucianism
Culture in Joseon


Blarney GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Blarney, County Cork, Ireland. The club fields Gaelic football, hurling and camogie teams in competitions organized by Cork GAA county board and the Muskerry divisional board. In 2008, the club won the Premier division of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship, and played in the Cork Senior Hurling Championship in 2009.

History

Blarney GAA was formed in 1884 and is one of the oldest GAA clubs in Ireland.

Achievements
 Cork Senior Hurling Championship Runners-Up 1894
 Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship Winners (2) 2008, 2020
 Munster Intermediate Club Hurling Championship Winners (1) 2008
 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship Winners (1) 2009
 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship Winners (2) 1937, 1938 Runners-Up 1999
 Cork Junior Hurling Championship Winners (2) 1936, 1993  Runners-Up 1898
 Cork Minor Hurling Championship Winners (1) 2018 Runners-Up 1945
 Cork Premier 2 Minor Hurling Championship Winners (1) 2016
 Cork Minor A Hurling Championship Winners (2) 1997, 2004
 Cork Under-21 Hurling Championship Runners-Up 1986
 Mid Cork Junior A Hurling Championship Winners (13) titles 1931, 1934, 1936, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1969, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1985, 1992, 1993 Runners-Up 1939, 1947, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2002, 2005
 Mid Cork Junior A Football Championship Winners (4) titles 1951, 1954, 2009, 2010  Runners-Up 1986, 1990, 1994
 Cork Premier 2 U14 Hurling Championship Runners Up (1) 2023

Notable players
 Shane Barrett
 Pádraig Power
 Paul O'Leary
 Mark Coleman: 2017 All-Star
 John Griffin: Kerry hurler Christy Ring Cup winning captain
 Joe Jordan: Cork Senior Hurler
 Conor te Forde: Bench pressed 90kg 3x7

References

Brian O’Sullivan :Maaaaaan 2019-2023

External sources
 Blarney GAA Website
 Cork GAA Results

Gaelic games clubs in County Cork
Gaelic football clubs in County Cork
Hurling clubs in County Cork
1884 establishments in Ireland


Vladislav Kormtshikov (; Vladislav Kormshchikov, born 15 July 1967) is a Russian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. He received a gold medal in the long distance at the 2000 World Ski Orienteering Championships in Krasnoyarsk.

References

1967 births
Living people
Russian orienteers
Male orienteers
Ski-orienteers


The Associated British Oil Engine Company (ABOE) was a British engineering company.  It started life as a combine, similar to Agricultural & General Engineers.  Petters Limited joined ABOE in 1937.  J&H McLaren & Co. was sold to ABOE in 1943, although it may have been a member from an earlier date. In 1945 Mirrlees, Bickerton and Day joined the group followed by the National Gas and Oil Engine company in 1950.

Later, ABOE became a more conventional company as the oil engine division of the Brush-ABOE Group of Companies, an ancestor of Brush Traction.

References

Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Diesel engine manufacturers


Sir Calthrop Guy Spencer Calthrop, 1st Baronet (26 March 1870 – 23 February 1919) was a British railway manager.

Biography
Born in Uppingham, Rutland, his brother was Everard Calthrop, railway engineer.  He entered the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) as a Cadet at the age of 16 in 1886.  In 1892 he was appointed  outdoor assistant to the Superintendent of the Line at Euston, and in 1894.  In 1901 he became personal assistant to Sir Frederick Harrison.  However, in 1902 Calthrop left the LNWR to take up a position as General Superintendent of the Caledonian Railway, and in 1908 was promoted to General Manager. In 1910 Calthrop left Britain to become General Manager of the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway.

In 1913 Calthrop returned to Britain and the LNWR, where he was appointed General Manager of the LNWR in succession to Sir Robert Turnbull in 1914.  During the First World War, Calthrop was seconded by the Government, who appointed him Controller of Mines.  For this service, Calthrop was made a baronet of Croxley House, Hertfordshire in 1918.  He died less than a year later however on 23 February 1919, and his baronetcy became extinct upon his death.

References

London and North Western Railway people
People from Uppingham
1870 births
1919 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
19th-century British businesspeople


Frederick of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (Schaumburg, 29 November 1741 – Homburg vor der Höhe, 24 December 1812), was a German prince of the House of Ascania from the Anhalt-Bernburg branch and the last ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym.

He was the fifth (but fourth surviving) son of Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, but the first-born by his second wife, Countess Hedwig Sophie Henckel von Donnersmarck.

Life
After the death of his father in 1772, Frederick and his brothers were excluded from the government of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym by their older brother, Prince Karl Louis, until his death in 1806.

At the time of Karl Louis's death, Frederick was his only surviving brother and reclaimed the government from his nephew Prince Victor II. Frederick claimed that the primogeniture was never formally installed in Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym and, according to the traditional laws of the House of Ascania, he had the right to share the government with Victor II. The dispute ended with the death of Victor II without male heirs on 22 April 1812, who left Frederick as the only living agnate of the branch and, in consequence, heir to the principality.

Reign
Frederick's rule lasted only eight months until his death. Because he never married or had children, the line of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym became extinct with him.

Succession
His kinsman Duke Alexius of Anhalt-Bernburg inherited Hoym and the other lands obtained from the main branch of Anhalt-Bernburg in 1718 when the line was created; but the Counties of Holzappel and Schaumburg were inherited by his eldest grandniece, Hermine, by marriage Archduchess of Austria, as the senior heir of Elisabeth Charlotte Melander, who by treaty in 1690 gave her counties as a dowry to her youngest daughter, Princess Charlotte of Nassau-Dillenburg, then betrothed to Prince Lebrecht of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym. Hermine's son Archduke Stephen of Austria, Palatine of Hungary eventually inherited the Counties.

References

Bibliography
 Ferdinand Siebigk: Das Herzogthum Anhalt, p. 243, Desbarats, 1867

1741 births
1812 deaths
People from Schaumburg
House of Ascania


An Irish Evening: Live at the Grand Opera House, Belfast is an album by the Chieftains. The album consists of a live recording of a concert (over two nights) in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The band invited on stage Roger Daltrey, lead singer of the British band the Who, and American folk singer Nanci Griffith to join them for several songs.

Track listing
 "Opening Medley: Dóchas/King of Laois/Paddy's Jig/O'Keefe's/Chattering Magpie" (Traditional) 9:17
 "North Americay" (Traditional arranged by Kevin Conneff) 4:09
 "Lilly Bolero/The White Cockade" (Traditional) 3:11
 "Little Love Affairs" (with Nanci Griffith) (Nanci Griffith, James Hooker) 3:00
 "Red is the Rose" (with Nanci Griffith) (Traditional) 3:26
 "The Mason's Apron" (Traditional) 5:21
 "The Stone" (Traditional) 6:31
 "Miscellany: Theme from Tristan and Isolde/Súisín Ban/Good Morning Nightcap/The Galway Races/The Jolly Tinker" (Traditional arranged by Paddy Moloney) 8:56
 "On Raglan Road" (with Roger Daltrey) (Traditional arranged by Paddy Moloney & Roger Daltrey; Lyrics by Patrick Kavanagh) 5:23
 "Behind Blue Eyes" (with Roger Daltrey) (Pete Townshend) 4:24
 "Medley: Ó Murchú's Hornpipe/Sliabh Geal gCua Na Feile" (Traditional) 4:17
 "Damhsa" (featuring Jean Butler) (Traditional) 3:00
 "Rachamíd a Bhean Bheag/Ford Econoline (with Nanci Griffith)/Any Old Iron" (with Roger Daltrey) (Traditional arranged by Paddy Moloney, Kevin Conneff, Sean Keane, Martin Fay, Derek Bell & Matt Molloy/Nanci Griffith/Traditional arranged by Roger Daltrey) 10:19

References

The Chieftains albums
1992 live albums
RCA Victor live albums


Joe vs. Joe (ふたりのジョーFutari no Joe) is a Japanese animated OVA (original video animation) consisting of six episodes. The show was produced by the studio Museum.

Joe vs. Joe tells the story of two youths from totally opposite lifestyles. The only way they can overcome their own personal troubles in the story is to fight each other in the ring.

The animation is a spiritual successor of Tomorrow's Joe (あしたのジョー Ashita no Joe), one of the first dramatic animations to ever be created globally, which was originally broadcast on April 1, 1970 in Japan. Joe vs. Joe was a direct-to-video release and was never broadcast.

Characters

Joe Akamine
The protagonist of Joe vs. Joe. Akamine came from a medium-income family and lived an ordinary life, except for a betrayal that haunts him every day. He is a very bright person and smiles often, and because of these characteristics he has many friends. He works full time as a deliveryman, and he frequently attends a gym just to box, to keep himself in shape, and for self-defense purposes.
Joe Yuuki
The antagonist and rival of Joe Akamine. He came from a well-off family and lives extravagantly. He is also Shibuya's number one DJ. However, Joe Yuuki is like a lone wolf, and he trusts no one. After both his father and mother abandoned him, he was afraid of kindness from others and did everything to avoid people being kind to him, because he feared they would betray him. Due to this complexity, he had an ambition to be number one at everything, to show everyone that he does not need anyone. His boxing career started on the day he meets Joe Akamine.
Ryuichi Suzuki
Joe Akamine's boxing friend and also a mentor. He has a straight-forward, determined personality. He hates giving up or being half-willing, and always gives his fullest and best at everything. In other words, he is the ideal athlete.
Maki Takakura
A model and actress who is trying to succeed in the entertainment business to get back at her father. She fell in love with Joe Yuuki when he saved her from a group of Yakuza. She is the daughter of champion boxer George Takizawa.
George Takizawa
Once a champion boxer, now retired and running his own gym, the J. Country Gym. He is also responsible for training both Joe Akamine and Ryuichi, who attend his gym. Maki Takakura is his daughter.
Mr. Matsuda
Owner of Matsuda Gym and also the trainer of Joe Yuuki. He passionately disagrees with George Takizawa's style of boxing.
Setsuko
Mother of Yu, daughter of Koshu (Grampa) and Ryuichi's love interest. She likes Ryuichi as well, but is afraid to express her feelings to him because she is afraid that it might jeopardize his boxing career.
Yu
Setsuko's son and Koshu's (Grampa) grandson.
Koshu
Setsuko's father, grandfather of Yu, and the owner of the restaurant that Joe Akamine, Ryuichi, and George Takizawa often visit. He is called "Grampa" by his close friends and family.
Iwamoto
The current champion of Japan for his class. He is also the number one boxer at Matsuda Boxing Gym and Ryuichi's upcoming opponent.

Episodes
Two Joes from different economic backgrounds, one came from a wealthy family and the other, from a poverty-stricken one: One is Shibuya's city's top DJ, and the other is a parcel delivery man. Two different Joes living an opposite life, both walk on different paths until one day their roads are merged by faith in the boxing ring.

Fateful encounter

After his DJ gig at a nightclub, Joe Yuuki encountered a drunk girl named Maki Takakura. At first, he ignored her, because he thought Maki was just another prowling drunk in the street. But as Joe Yuuki walked away, he noticed she was being attacked by a group of Yakuza. He rescued her; this was the first time he met his future girlfriend.

Meanwhile, Joe Akamine is a truck driver and package delivery person. He went to a boxing gym to keep himself fit. He was not taking boxing seriously, although deep down he loves it. Joe Akamine had his own reason for not being serious.

Once a week, Joe Akamine goes down to the city streets to put up a street show as a human punching bag. He will let people hit him, and he will not throw punches back. But in return, he will try to dodge all the attacks. As he was "performing", Joe Yuuki noticed him. As curiosity got Joe Yuuki's attention, it made him remember about his dark past. He soon became annoyed, and he decided to participate. He was knocked out by Joe Akamine.

Seal the Nightmare
After the incident with Joe Yuuki, Joe Akamine started to think about Yuuki's remarks, and those words motivated him to continue with boxing. By the same token, both Ryuichi and George Takizawa encouraged him to become a professional boxer by convincing him that he was one-of-a-kind and a natural talented boxer. Moreover, Ryuichi demanded that Joe Akamine either take boxing seriously, or else just quit. This made Joe Akamine befuddled and confused. He then assured himself that he will continue doing what he loves the most.

The Snowy Illusion
After losing the match with Joe Akamine on the street, Joe Yuuki decided to pursue the next boxing championship as retribution. He joined Matsuda Boxing Gym in Shibuya for his training. Joe Yuuki was a proud man, and his antipathy toward losing made him embrace boxing. Joe Yuuki did not know that Joe Akamine was a professional boxer as well. Consequently, Joe Yuuki diverted his ambition of becoming champion into an avid pursuit of humiliating Joe Akamine’s boxing career.

The Silent Bell

Candor and Reclaim

The Majestic Festival

References

External links

2003 anime OVAs


Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne (December 31, 1918 – June 3, 2018) was a Russian-American author, actress and a sniper during World War II. A survivor of the siege of Leningrad, she married an American diplomat and came to the United States, becoming the author of 14 books. Among her various activities in America, she made many appearances on television programs, gave lectures on literature and history on cruise ships, and sang on concert stages.

Early life
Kyra was born in Crimea, on the coast of the Black Sea in 1918. She was a descendant of one of the Russian noble families. Her father was a pilot during World War I. He was executed by a Bolshevik firing squad after the Russian Revolution, when Kyra was 7 months old. Her young mother never remarried, and they lived in poverty in Leningrad with her grandmother. They lost all the males of their family in the Russian Civil War that followed the revolution.

At age 8, Kyra was admitted into a school for musically gifted children, the Leningrad Academic Capella, and became a member of the children’s group of the Kirov Theater of Opera and Ballet. Even though she was studying music, she had to go through military training: All Soviet schools had to spend a certain amount of time on military education—marching, learning about guns, and competitive shooting. Kyra was a good marksman, and at 16 she won a distinction, the Voroshilov Marksman badge. After graduation, she entered the Institute of Theater Arts and became an actress and concert singer.

The siege of Leningrad
She was drafted into the Red Army in 1941 at the beginning of the siege of Leningrad and became a sniper and a lieutenant. During this tragic period, almost 1 million people died in Leningrad of starvation, including Kyra’s mother and grandmother, who died while she was in the army.

After having been wounded twice, Kyra returned to service as a field nurse. During that time, she rescued a homeless orphan boy, who later became the subject of her book, Shurik. Toward the end of the war, she was decorated with three medals. She left for Moscow in 1943 and joined the Moscow Satire Theatre, renewing her artistic career.

Moving to the United States
Because Kyra spoke several foreign languages fluently, she was invited to various diplomatic receptions as a representative of the Young Soviet Intelligentsia. It was there that she met her future husband, an American diplomat named Shirk. In February 1946, they married, in the first church service between a foreigner and a Russian since the Revolution. Perhaps because the wedding was attended by the whole diplomatic corps stationed in Moscow at that time, she was given permission to leave Russia with her husband. They left for the United States a few months later.

Kyra hoped to continue her theatrical career in the United States and went to several auditions but without success, mainly because of her accent. Her husband bought a farm in Pennsylvania, but neither one of them knew anything about farming. They worked hard on the farm, and Kyra continued to sing. She had a musical program called Interlude with Kyra on a television channel in Pennsylvania. She also was invited to join International Platform Association and began a thriving career as a speaker.

After nine years of marriage, she and her husband divorced, and Kyra moved to Los Angeles, where she became a contestant on Groucho Marx’s show You Bet Your Life. In 1955 she appeared on the show Big Surprise, but failed to win the $100,000 jackpot.

She was offered a contract by a publisher to write her autobiography, and in 1959, Kyra, her first book, was published by Prentice-Hall. The TV appearance also led to more television and concert invitations. Unfortunately, Kyra had to stop singing many years later when a nerve of her vocal cord was nipped during a thyroid surgery.

In 1960, she met and married Dr. George Wayne, a distinguished psychiatrist. They traveled extensively, leading to Kyra becoming an enrichment lecturer on Royal Viking Line cruises, which she pursued for 10 years. Her husband died in 1994. Kyra has one son and five grandchildren. She was passionate about dogs, some of which are the subjects of her books.

Kyra died in June 2018 at the age of 99.

Her writing
Writing was part of her life from a very young age. A story she wrote at age 7 was published in a school magazine. In a special after-school playwriting program, she was part of a group of 10 students who created a Russian version of Huckleberry Finn for children’s theater, which, she believed, continued to be performed in Russia. After the success of her autobiography, Kyra wrote 13 more books on various subjects from Greek mythology to Russian cooking and from Russian-American history to young adult novels.

Publications
 Against All Odds (2015)
Memoirs of a Piano (2007)
 The Chaperone (2006)
 Pepper’s Ordeal (2000)
 Quest for Bigfoot (1996)
 Li’l Ol’ Charlie (1989)
 Quest for Empire (1986)
 Max: The Dog That Refused to Die (1979)
 Rekindle the Dreams (1977)
 The Witches of Barguzin (1975)
 The Awakening (1973)
 Shurik: A Story of the Siege of Leningrad (1970)
 Secrets of Russian Cooking (1961)
 The Quest for the Golden Fleece (1960)
 Kyra (1959)

Other activities
In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, Kyra was active in many cultural and civic organizations, receiving many awards and commendations. In the 1980s, she was the founder and president of the Clean Air Program (CAP), a program of the American Lung Association of Los Angeles County—intended to eradicate smog. She was president of the UCLA Medical Faculty Wives, a member of the board of ISOMATA, an international school of music and the arts, an affiliate of USC, and several other Los Angeles-based cultural organizations.

References

External links
 Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne official website
 Interview with Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne, Silver Star Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne, 26 June 2008.
 Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne Silver Planet Photo Gallery, June 2008.
 Detailed Bibliography of Kyra Petrovskaya Wayne

1918 births
2018 deaths
American women writers
American writers of Russian descent
Russian women writers
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Women in the Russian and Soviet military
21st-century American women
People from Crimea


Viktor Stanislavovich Korchagin (; born 7 August 1967 in Novy Afon, GSSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. He received a gold medal in the long distance at the 1998 World Ski Orienteering Championships in Windischgarsten.

References

Living people
Russian orienteers
Male orienteers
Ski-orienteers
Mountain bike orienteers
1967 births


The Messerschmitt M 28 was a mail plane developed in Germany in the early 1930s to meet a requirement by Deutsche Luft Hansa. It was a single-engine, low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design with an enclosed cockpit and fixed, tailskid undercarriage.

Despite successful trials, Luft Hansa changed its requirement and did not purchase the design, due possibly at least partly to the enmity of Luft Hansa director Erhard Milch towards Messerschmitt. This would be Messerschmitt's final attempt to market a commercial aircraft in Germany (the Messerschmitt M 36 was designed specifically for Romania), with the company subsequently returning to the production of sport aircraft instead.

Specifications

Notes

References

1930s German mailplanes
M 28
Low-wing aircraft


Kyontawa may refer to:

Kyontawa, a fictional language and tribe appearing in the 2007 sci-fi short film Food for the Gods.
Kyontawa, Ayeyarwady, Myanmar, a population centre in Myanmar (Burma).


The 2009 CAF Champions League is the 45th edition of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the 13th edition under the current CAF Champions League format.  The winner will participate in the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2010 CAF Super Cup.

Qualification
 53 teams from 40 CAF member associations were entered officially in the 2009 CAF Champions League.
 The 12 highest ranked associations according to CAF 5-year ranking are eligible to enter 2 teams in the competition. For this year's competition, CAF used 2003–07 5-Year rankings in which 3 countries shared the 12th place – allowing 14 countries to enter a second team.
 Two other teams were entered after the official deadline and were placed in a special subsection on the draw.

Below is the qualification scheme for the competition.  Nations are shown according to their CAF 5-year ranking – those with a ranking score have their rank and score indicated:

Italicised clubs withdrew without playing.
Bolded clubs received a bye in the preliminary round, entering the tournament in the first round.
Unranked associations have no ranking points and hence are equal 23rd (Malawi – ranked =18th – did not enter a champion this year).

1 The champions of Congo DR, South Africa, Sudan, and Tunisia were not given byes in the first stage although the runners-up were.  Unlike European tournaments, seeding within the CAF draws is based on performance in continental tournaments only.
2 The 2007–08 Egyptian Premier League runner-up, Ismaily opted not to enter this competition, choosing instead to play in the 2008–09 Arab Champions League.  The third-placed Egyptian side, Al-Zamalek were not allowed to replace them as the CAF Champions League regulations allow only national champions and runners-up to compete.
3 2008 Réunion Premier League Champion, JS Saint-Pierroise, banned from African club competitions after withdrawing from the 2007 CAF Champions League.

Qualifying rounds

Preliminary round

The preliminary round first legs were played on 30 January – 1 February, and the second legs on 13–15 February 2009.

|}

1 Played over one leg after first leg cancelled due to political violence in Madagascar

Dispensation round
Two federations inscribed their clubs after the deadline, but were admitted for an intermediate round.  However, the winning club could only gain access to the first round if another winning club from the preliminary round withdrew subsequently.  The first leg was played on 22 February, and the second leg on 8 March 2009.

|}

As no side withdrew from the first round, Akonangui were effectively eliminated as well.

First round
The first round first legs were played on 13–15 March, and the second legs on 3–6 April 2009.

|}

Second round
The first leg will be on 17–19 April and the second leg on 1–3 May.

|}

 The losing teams from the second round advance to the CAF Confederation Cup 2009

Group stage

The draw for the group stage was held on 7 May in CAF headquarters in Cairo.

Étoile du Sahel and Al-Merreikh were seeded as level I, while TP Mazembe and Al-Hilal were seeded as level II.

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage

Bracket

Semifinals
The first legs were scheduled for 4 October and the second legs for 17–18 October.

|}

Final

2–2 on aggregate. TP Mazembe won on the away goals rule.

Top goalscorers

Notes
 List of players and teams (1/16th finals): Champions League

References

External links
Official Site
Official MTN CAF Champions League Website

2009
1


Jens Carl Peter Brandt (20 June 1848 – 10 August 1912) was a Norwegian lawyer, property owner and politician with the Conservative Party.

He was born on the Froen farm of Frogn parish (Froen gård i Frogn) in Akershus, Norway. He was the son of Captain Ole Peter Brandt (1793-1875) and his second wife Mathilde Kristine Brandt. Members of this family still own this property.

He finished his secondary education in 1865 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1869. He then worked six years as an attorney, before taking over his family manor in 1875. In addition to a farm, the estate had a mill, a sawmill, a planing mill and a brickworks. He was also among the co-founders of the local savings bank, Frogn sparebank, in 1884 and was chairman of the board.

Brandt was a member of Frogn municipal council from 1884 to 1912, serving as mayor from 1884 to 1895. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1900 and 1903, representing the constituency of Akershus Amt. Brandt was also a deputy member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. He died in August 1912.

References

1848 births
1912 deaths
People from Frogn
Norwegian farmers
19th-century Norwegian lawyers
Norwegian businesspeople
Mayors of places in Akershus
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting


The McLaren M29 is a Formula One racing car built and run by McLaren during the 1979 Formula One World Championship and the 1980 Formula One World Championship. The F version of the McLaren M29 was built in 1979, but only ran during five races of the 1981 Formula One World Championship. The M29F was the last of the M-numbered cars to be raced, as later in the season, the McLaren MP4/1 was readied for use in the championship.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position) (results in italics indicate fastest lap)

* 8 points in  scored using the McLaren M28
** 1 point in  scored using the McLaren M30
*** 27 points in  scored using the McLaren MP4/1

McLaren Formula One cars
1979 Formula One season cars
1980 Formula One season cars
1981 Formula One season cars


The Partridge and Orange is an artificial fly commonly categorized as a wet fly or soft hackle and is fished under the water surface. The fly is a very well known fly with its roots set firmly in English angling history. It is an impressionistic pattern fished successfully during caddis hatches and spinner falls. The Partridge and Orange is traditionally a trout and grayling pattern but may be used for other aquatic insect feeding species.

Origin

Soft-hackled flies as they are known today and in particular The Partridge and Orange originated in the north country of England and were first described by Joseph Wells in his 1842 publication THE CONTEMPLATIVE ANGLER. Later, T. E. Pritt's Yorkshire Trout Flies (1895) publication built upon Wells' earlier work and contained many of Wells' listed patterns, and were probably from the same source.

Sylvester Nemes in The Soft-hackled Fly popularized this style of artificial fly in the early 1980s while giving credit to Pritt and many others for the evolution of this genera of pattern which had also been known as spiders.

Imitates

The Partridge and Orange resembles emerging caddis pupa, diving adult caddis or sunken may fly spinners

Pattern
 Hook: 12 – 18 medium/light wet fly or caddis pupa
 Thread: Orange 6/0 or 8/0
 Body: Formed with tying thread
 Rib: Fine gold wire (optional)
 Hackle: Mottled brown partridge

Variations and sizes
The Partridge and Orange is typically tied on standard wet fly and nymph hooks unweighted but may be tied on short caddis pupa hooks. Some tiers tie a bead head version. The gold ribbing may be omitted or replaced with a thread ribbing. There are similar versions of this fly known as the Partridge and Yellow and the Partridge and Green. Many tiers include a small section of fur dubbing for a thorax. Soft-hackle nymphs based on the Partridge and Orange design are tied with a wide variety of quill, feather and dubbed bodies.

Gallery

References

Further reading

Smith, Robert L (2015). The North Country Fly: Yorkshire's Soft Hackle Tradition. Machynlleth, Powys. Coch-y-Bonddu Books. .

External links
 Partridge and Orange at FlyAnglersOnline
 Tying the Partridge and Orange
 The Lost Flies of The Yorkshire Dales
 Seven Magnificent North Country Spiders

Wet fly patterns


Kyontawa is a populated area in Ayeyarwady Division, Myanmar (also known as Burma).

Populated places in Ayeyarwady Region


Centenary World Cup may refer to:
 1995 Rugby League World Cup, hosted by England and celebrating the 100th birthday of Rugby league
 2008 Rugby League World Cup, hosted by Australia and celebrating the 100th birthday of Rugby league in Australia


Jesse Rhoades Purnell (May 11, 1881 to July 4, 1966), was a Major League Baseball third baseman who played in  with the Philadelphia Phillies. He batted left and threw right-handed. Purnell had two hits and scored 2 runs in 19 at-bats in seven career games. He was born in Glenside, Pennsylvania, and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

External links

1881 births
1966 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
Philadelphia Phillies players
People from Cheltenham, Pennsylvania
Baseball players from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania


The Principality of Albania (Albanian: Principata e Arbërisë) was an Albanian principality ruled by the Albanian dynasty of Thopia. One of the first notable rulers was Tanusio Thopia, who was Count of Mat since 1328. The principality changed hands between the Thopia dynasty and the Balsha dynasty, twice before 1392, when Durrës was annexed by the Republic of Venice.

History
One of the first notable rulers of the Thopia family was Tanusio Thopia; he was mentioned in 1329 as one of the counts of Albania.
In an act of Robert, King of Naples, dated 15 April 1338, Tanusio was mentioned as Count of Matia (conte di Matia). This reconfirmed Thopia's relations to the Angevins from the time of Philip I. By 1340 the Thopia controlled much of the territory between the rivers Mati and Shkumbin rivers. Together with the Muzaka family, they agreed to recognize Angevin suzerainty after rebelling against the Serbs. However except for Andrea Muzaka who defeated the Serbs in a battle in the Peristeri mountains, no action was taken to realize the treaty with the Angevins.

By 1343, Serbian King Stefan Dušan had conquered almost all of Albania, except for Durazzo which had been defended under the command of Tanusio.

After Stefan Dusan's death in 1355 Thopia family regained its domains and ruled most of central Albania. In 1358, Karlo rose against the rule of the Anjou and could drive them out up to Durrës from Epirus and Albania.  It prevailed from 1358 to 1368 over far parts of central Albania and called themselves Princeps Albaniae.

Since 1362, Karlo sought himself to set Durrës, which was in the possession of the Duchess Johanna of Anjou, also into the possession of the city. The first, certainly still unsuccessful siege lasted from April 1362 until May 1363. Then, Thopia had to withdraw his troops, who were weakened by an epidemic disease. Only in 1367 could Karlo conquer Durrës, who had attained in the meantime the tacit agreement of the Venetians for his project and make important port his residence.

Karlo gained control of Durrës in 1368, which was where the Angevins held out due to their Kingdom becoming smaller in size. This event caused the Kingdom of Albania to end.

Balša II made a fourth attempt to conquer Durrës, an important commercial and strategetic center, which was ruled by rival, Karl Thopia. In 1382, Balša II began a war and seized Durrës. In 1385, the defeated Karl Thopia, appealed to Murad I for support against his rivals, the House of Balšić of the Principality of Zeta. This was the equivalent of inviting the Ottoman Empire into Albania in order to help him defeat his rivals of the Balšić family.

This attempt caused an Ottoman force, led by Hayreddin Pasha, to quickly march into Albania along the Via Egnatia. The Ottoman force routed the Balšas by inflicting heavy defeats on Balša II's forces. Balša II himself was killed in a big battle on Saurian Field () near Lushnje (Battle of Savra) in 1385, ending the Balša family's rule over Durrës. In 1392 the Durazzo fell under the Republic of Venice.

After Gjergj's death, Niketa Thopia was the next ruler and also the final. After the death of Bayezid (1402), many Albanian lords recognized Venetian suzerainty, such as Niketa, John Kastrioti and Koja Zaharija. The Venetians were interested in having some buffer zone between them and the advancing Ottoman army.. Niketa continued to be the ruler of Kruje until 1415 when it fell under the Ottoman Empire.

Monarchs

See also
Albanian principalities
History of Albania

References

Sources
 Albanian Academy of Science. History of Albanian People.
 Stefanaq Pollo Histoire de l'Albanie des origines à nos jours.  Roanne: Horvath. 1974.
 Tajar Zavalani: Histori e Shqipnis. Tiranë: Phoenix. 1998.
 Georges Castellan: Histoire de l’Albanie et des Albanais. Crozon: Armeline. 2002.

1444 disestablishments
States and territories established in 1368
Former countries in the Balkans
Albanian principalities


Ivan Kuzmin (born 25 April 1962) is a Russian ski-orienteering competitor and world champion. He received a gold medal in the short distance at the 1994 World Ski Orienteering Championships in Val di Non, shared with Nicolo Corradini.

References

1962 births
Living people
Russian orienteers
Male orienteers
Ski-orienteers
20th-century Russian people


The County Championship is an annual rugby union competition in England between teams representing English counties.  After restructuring in 2007 the top tier of the Championship has been known as the Bill Beaumont Cup, after the trophy awarded to the competition winners was named in honour of Bill Beaumont, a former England and British & Irish Lions captain.  In 2017 the competition was officially known as Bill Beaumont Division 1, with teams also competing in Division 2 and Division 3, which prior to 2017 were known as the Plate and Shield competitions.

The Championship has a long history, being first officially recognised by the Rugby Football Union in 1889. The 2018 Championship was the 118th competition. The most successful county, Lancashire, has won the competition 25 times, followed by Gloucestershire (17) and Yorkshire (15). Lancashire (34) & Gloucestershire (33) have made the most appearances in contested finals.

On four occasions the tournament final has been tied at full-time and a second leg rematch has been played. Two of these rematches were also tied and on these occasions (1907 and 1967) the finalists were declared joint winners. In 1991 the final match between Cornwall and Yorkshire was tied at full-time and extra time was played, with Cornwall winning 29–20.
In 2001 the Championship did not take place due to the 2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak; instead Yorkshire and Cornwall were invited to play at Twickenham.

The 2015 final was contested by Lancashire and Cornwall, with the teams meeting in the final for the third consecutive year. Cornwall won the championship with an 18-13 victory, their fourth title overall and their first since 1999. Cornwall retained their title in 2016, this time beating Cheshire, 35–13. In 2017 Cornwall and Lancashire met in the final for the fourth time in five seasons. Lancashire won 19-8 and prevented Cornwall from completing a hat-trick of county titles.

Structure
There was little formal structure to the first official years of the competition, with teams playing different numbers of matches and different opposition from across England. The winners were determined by a panel of judges from the RFU Committee. From 1891–1895, the four winners of four regional Championships (North East, North West, South East and South West) played a round-robin tournament to determine the overall winner of the County Championship.

A restructure in 1896, led to the creation of North and South regions only, the winners of these regional competitions playing a final for the County Championship. Another restructure in 1921 saw the formation of five regions and the knock-out stage of the championship extend to semi-finals and a final. The winners of the North East, North West and South East regions were entered into a semi-final draw along with the winners of a play-off between the winners of the South and South West regions.

From 2007 to 2016, the top eight counties were split into two regions of four teams, North and South, who played a round-robin tournament. The winners of each region competed for the English County Championship in the final. This format was repeated for the eight counties that competed for the County Championship Plate. The eleven counties which competed for the County Championship Shield were split into three pools from which the winners and the runner-up with the best record met in semi-final matches.

In 2017 the competition was given a new structure, with the top tier comprising twelve teams and the second and third tiers having eight teams each. Each tier has a final each year, but promotion and relegation between tiers is decided on a two-year basis.

Past winners

1889-1895

1896-1983

1984-present

Since 1984 all Championship finals have been played at Twickenham .

Championships by county
Correct as of 10 July 2023

Cumbria, a 1974 amalgamation of the former counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, and the Furness part of Lancashire, is shown separately from Cumberland and Lancashire.

Eastern Counties and Notts, Lincs & Derby have reached the final but have never won the championship.

Gloucestershire are the only county to have completed a "hat-trick of tat-trick" of  county titles: 1920,1921 & 1922; 1930,1931 & 1932; 1974,1975 & 1976.

John Fidler, former Gloucester, Gloucestershire and England lock forward, still holds the record for the most County Championship Final appearances, nine in all, from 1971 to 1984.

References

External links
 http://countyrugby.com/index.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20081113051546/http://www.rfu.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/RFUHome.Community_Detail/StoryID/19903

Rugby union competitions in England
Recurring sporting events established in 1889
1889 establishments in England


Arne Fliflet (born 21 May 1946) is a Norwegian jurist and civil servant.

He graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1971. After some years as a university lector at the University of Oslo, he worked as a deputy judge in Sunnfjord from 1974 to 1975.

He was a junior solicitor from 1975, lawyer in the Office of the Attorney General of Norway from 1979 to 1986 and a private lawyer from 1987. He was appointed Norwegian Parliamentary Ombudsman for Public Administration in 1990, and served until 2014.

References

1946 births
Living people
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
Parliamentary ombudspersons in Norway


Clifford Grant Watson (28 August 1916 – 23 April 1989) was an international motorcycle speedway motorcyclist who qualified for the Speedway World Championship final in 1949.

Career summary
Watson was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, but moved to Australia and represented the Australian national team at test level.

He joined the West Ham Hammers in 1947, progressing to heat leader status in 1949 and qualifying for the World final the same year. In 1950, after a poor start to the season with West Ham he joined the Harringay Racers and remained with them until the end of the following season. He rejoined the Hammers in 1952 but after a poor start to the 1953 season he decided to retire and return to Australia.

World Final appearances
 1949 -  London, Wembley Stadium - 15th - 1pt

References

1916 births
1989 deaths
Australian speedway riders
Harringay Racers riders
West Ham Hammers riders


Obispo Santistevan (or: Santiesteban) is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz department and is situated in the department's western parts. The province was founded on 2 December 1941, and its name honors Obispo Santistevan (1843–1931), famous supporter of the building of Santa Cruz Cathedral.

Location
Obispo Santistevan Province is located between 16° 02' and 17° 24' South and between 63° 02' and 64° 15' West. It extends over a length of 280 km from Northwest to Southeast, and up to 45 km from West to East. The province's border to the neighbouring provinces in the East and Northeast is formed by Río Grande.

The province is situated in the Bolivian lowlands and borders Ichilo Province in the Northwest, Sara Province in the Southwest, Ignacio Warnes Province in the Southeast, Ñuflo de Chávez Province in the East, and Guarayos Province in the Northeast.

Population
The population of Obispo Santistevan Province has increased by 75% over the recent two decades:
1992: 104,660 inhabitants (census)
2001: 142,786 inhabitants (census)
2005: 161,307 inhabitants (est.)
2010: 176,107 inhabitants (est.)

44.7% of the population are younger than 15 years old. (1992)

98.2% of the population speak Spanish, 27.6% speak Quechua, 1.9% Aymara, and 1.2 speak Guaraní. (1992)

35.5% of the population have no access to electricity, 34.2% have no sanitary facilities. (1992)

86.5% of the population are Catholics, 9.8% are Protestants. (1992)

Division
The province comprises four municipios:
Mineros Municipality - 45,853 inhabitants (2001)
Montero Municipality - 80,341 inhabitants (2001)
General Saavedra Municipality - 16,592 inhabitants (2001)
Puerto Fernández Alonso - 15,117 inhabitants (2001)

References

External links
General map of province
Detailed map of province towns and rivers
Population data (Spanish)
Social data (Spanish)

Provinces of Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)


DVAS (Dietzche V. & the Abominable Snowman) is a Canadian electronic dance music group formed in 2003 in Toronto.  DVAS signed to Upper Class Recordings, the Toronto-based label responsible for notable artists The Russian Futurists, Cadence Weapon, Girlsareshort (MSTRKRFT Al-P's original project) and The Cansecos in 2009.

With a basis in Disco and Hi-NRG, DVAS was co-founded by Canadian musicians Jered Stuffco and Darren Veres in 2003 in Edmonton, Alberta.

Albums

Macho
Macho documents the group from its very beginnings with a number of its singles and some new and some not widely available tracks.
Michael Douglas was the muse for Black Rain, one of 10 tracks on their latest collection, Macho. (Douglas also starred in a 1991 crime film of the same name.) "The movie's great and Michael Douglas is an icon," smiles Darren Veres.  It's obviously a huge joke," adds Jered Stuffco.
Recorded and mixed in Edmonton via computer—the disc required patience, humor and, above all, high-speed internet connections and trust. Some songs required two weeks of edits and dozens of e-mails between band mates.

Mixtapes and Remixes
DVAS have released three Internet-only mixtapes, a slew of remixes, and the track "Inner Sanctum" featured on the 2009 France based blog turned label, Valerie: "Valerie And Friends" Compilation.

Discography
DVAS MACHO (2007, Pop Echo Records: CAN)
Society (2010, Upper Class Recordings: CAN)

References
Citations

External links
DVAS Musique
 DVAS Myspace
 Upper Class Recordings

Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups from Toronto
Canadian dance music groups
2003 establishments in Ontario


Ruslan Gritsan (born 7 December 1978, in Moscow) is a Russian competitor and multiple world champion in both ski-orienteering and mountain bike orienteering.

Ski orienteering career
At the 1998 Junior World Ski Orienteering Championships Grislan won gold medals in both the classic distance and the short distance.

He won a gold medal in the short distance at the 2005 World Ski Orienteering Championships in Levi, shared with Andrei Gruzdev. He won gold medals in the relay with the Russian team in 2002, 2004 and 2005. In 2002 the Russian team consisted of Andrei Gruzdev, Gristan, Viktor Korchagin and Eduard Khrennikov, and the team won gold ahead of Finland.  The 2004 team consisted of Vasily Glukharev, Andrei Gruzdev, Gritsan and Eduard Khrennikov, winning ahead of the Norwegian team.  In 2005 Gruzdev, Gritsan and Khrennikov won the relay ahead of Finland.

Mountain bike orienteering career
At the 2004 World MTB Orienteering Championships in Ballarat Gritslan placed tenth in the middle, 32nd in the long, and sixth in the relay. At the 2005 World Championships in Banska Bystrica he won a gold medal in the middle distance, a gold medal in the long distance, and placed fourth with the Russian relay team. At the 2006 Championships in Joensuu he won a bronze medal in the middle distance, a silver medal in the long distance, and a silver medal in the relay with the Russian team, behind Finland. At the 2007 World MTB Orienteering Championships in Nove Mesto na Morave he won a gold medal in the long distance, placed fourth in the sprint, 57th in the middle distance, and fourth in the relay. At the 2008 World MTB Orienteering Championships in Ostróda, he won a gold medal in the long distance and a silver medal in the relay. In Ben Shemen in 2009 he won a silver medal in the long distance, a bronze medal in the sprint, and a gold medal in the relay. At the 2010 World Championships in Montalegre he won a gold medal with the Russian relay team, together with Valeriy Gluhov and Anton Foliforov. He placed fourth in the middle distance, and tenth in the long distance.

References

1978 births
Living people
Russian orienteers
Male orienteers
Mountain bike orienteers
Ski-orienteers
21st-century Russian people


Farme  Castle was located in Rutherglen, to the south-east of Glasgow, Scotland. It stood  east of Farme Cross where the A724 meets the A749 trunk road. The castle keep acted as one corner of a courtyard, formed by an extension in the form of a castellated mansion. High walls and subsidiary buildings completed the courtyard. There was an ornate arched gateway to the courtyard adjacent to the keep. The old keep was of three storeys and a garret, above a corbelled-out parapet with machicolations and water spouts.

An old ceiling was removed in 1792 to reveal an ancient wooden ceiling, which carried writing alluding to the Stewarts, and the date was 1325; in the 2010s, part of the text was reproduced on stone as a public art installation at Cuningar Loop, a recently opened public park a short distance to the north of the site of the castle.

The castle was a simple keep of the 15th century, possibly built on an older core. Robert the Bruce had granted the Farme Castle estate to Walter The Steward. The estate later passed to the Douglases. From 1482 to 1599 it belonged to the Crawfords, and became known as Crawford's Farme. It was demolished in the 1960s, by which time it was being used as a repository for redundant mining equipment. An industrial estate bearing the same name now occupies the site.

See also
 Rutherglen Castle
 Castlemilk House

References

Bibliography
 Mason, Gordon. (2000) The Castles of Glasgow and the Clyde. Goblinshead.

Castles in South Lanarkshire
Former castles in Scotland
Buildings and structures in Rutherglen
Lowland castles


The Snake River Land Company Residence and Office are structures associated with John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s acquisition of land in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, United States.  Under the guise of the Snake River Land Company, Rockefeller bought much of the land that he eventually donated to the National Park Service, first as Jackson Hole National Monument and a year later as Grand Teton National Park.  The buildings are located in the park, in the community of Moran. They served as the residence and office for SRLC vice president Harold Fabian and foreman J. Allan from 1930 to 1945. The buildings are still used by the National Park Service. The property was owned from 1926 to 1930 by John Hogan, a retired politician from the eastern United States. The Snake River Land Company bought the property in 1930.

The ranch buildings were built by John Hogan, a retired politician from the East, who bought William Carter's homestead in 1926 for use as a guest ranch and fox farm. Hogan built the main residence and the blacksmith shop. Four guest cabins a barn and an ice house no longer exist. The Snake River Land Company bought the property from Hogan in 1930, adding onto the house and building a log garage.

The house, also known as Building 117 and as "Buffalo Dorm", is a -story log structure dating to circa 1926. The original central gabled block was flanked by shed-roofed extensions on the east and west sides, with the stone chimney centered in the eastern side. A later shed-roofed addition covers the front of the central unit. A further gable-roofed addition covers much of the western shed wing. The main entry opens into a large office, with a living room to the north and a kitchen and pantry to the west. The sun room, an enclosed former porch, is reached from the living room. The living room has a raised ceiling that forms the floor of the storage loft above.  The stone fireplace dominates the room, with bookshelves to either side. Three bedrooms and a bathroom are in the northwestern portion of the house. On the second floor a central landing leads to two bedrooms on the south and southeast and a storage loft (stated to be "bat infested") to the northeast. The interiors retain many of their historic furnishings and contribute to the ranch's significance.

Harold and Josephine Fabian moved to the Geraldine Lucas Homestead in 1945. The Jackson Hole Preserve, which had succeeded the Snake River Land Company, used the house as a residence for Sonny Allen, manager of the nearby Jackson Hole Wildlife Park at Oxbow Bend. The house was taken over by the Park Service and used as a dormitory before being abandoned.
April 2019 work started restoring the home for Park rangers
The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

See also
Geraldine Lucas Homestead-Fabian Place Historic District
Historical buildings and structures of Grand Teton National Park

References

External links

Snake River Land Company Office at Grand Teton National Park
Snake River Land Company Historic Structure Report

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Grand Teton National Park
Agriculture in Wyoming
Houses in Teton County, Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Teton National Park


Dr. Levi Fox OBE, DL, MA, FSA, FRHistS, FRSL (28 August 1914 – 3 September 2006), was an author of numerous articles and books, particularly on topics relating to William Shakespeare and local history.

List

Notes

References

Shakespearean scholarship
Bibliographies by writer
Bibliographies of British writers


Colin Gwyer & Associates Ltd v London Wharf (Limehouse) Ltd [2003] BCC 885 (also, Eaton Bray Ltd v Palmer) is a UK insolvency law and company law case concerning directors' duties. It recognized that directors owe fiduciary duties to creditors when a company is on the verge of insolvency.

Facts
London Wharf (Limehouse) Ltd was a company set up to manage three flats at 28 Narrow Street, just near the Thames in London. Colin Gwyer & Associates Ltd owned flat one on the ground floor. Mr Gwyer owned that company. Mr Palmer owned flat two and Eaton Bray Ltd owned flat three. Each had one share in the company, which held the head lease. They did not get along. Mr Gwyer had been carrying out building work. It disturbed them. He did it without their permission, in breach of covenant. It disturbed Eaton Bray Ltd in particular, which brought proceedings to make Mr Gwyer's company forfeit the lease. Meanwhile, London Wharf (Limehouse) Ltd was teetering on the verge of insolvency. Then Mr Gwyer nominated his builder (Mr Howell) to the board of the company. Eaton Bray Ltd was even more upset, and its nominated director refused to attend a board meeting to resolve the dispute. Mr Palmer wanted it settled. Mr Palmer and Mr Howell resolved that Mr Gwyer's terms for settling the matter would be accepted. Eaton Bray Ltd sued, arguing the resolution was ineffective because it was breach of a fiduciary duty.

Judgment
Leslie Kosmin QC held that the board meeting was validly convened and was quorate. Although London Wharf's articles of association allowed Mr Howell to vote on a resolution in which he had an interest, the provision's existence did not relieve him of a general duty to act in good faith for the interests of London Wharf. When they passed the resolution, the two directors were in breach of fiduciary duty. Moreover, since insolvency was imminent, they also had a duty to act in the interests of company creditors. They did not properly consider creditors, either. Therefore, the resolution accepting the settlement was invalid.

See also
West Mercia Safetywear Ltd v Dodd (1988) 4 BCC 30; [1988] BCLC 250
Re Smith & Fawcett [1942] Ch 304
Charterbridge Corp Ltd v Lloyd’s Bank Ltd [1970] Ch 62, ‘could an honest and intelligent man, in the position of the directors, in all the circumstances, reasonably have believed that the decision was for the benefit of the company’.

US law
Geyer v. Ingersoll Publication Co., 621 A.2d 784 (Del. Ch. 1992);
Credit Lyonnais Bank Netherland, N.V. v. Pathe Communication Corp., Civ. A. No. 12150, 1991 WL 277613, at 34 n.55 (Del. Ch. Dec. 30, 1991)
North American Catholic Education Programming Foundation, Inc. v. Gheewalla, 930 A.2d 92 (Del. 2007) denying direct fiduciary claims against directors by creditors and limiting these duties to situations where the firm is already insolvent

References
J Lowry, 'The Recognition of Directors Owing Fiduciary Duties to Creditors' (2004) International Corporate Rescue

United Kingdom company case law
United Kingdom insolvency case law
High Court of Justice cases
2002 in United Kingdom case law


Francisca Valenzuela (; born March 17, 1987, in San Francisco, California) is an American-born Chilean singer, poet, and multi-instrumentalist. Valenzuela was born and raised in San Francisco, California, where she resided until the age of 12, before moving to Santiago, Chile. She gained popularity in Chile and Latin America following the release of her debut album, Muérdete La Lengua, in June 2007. Her second album, Buen Soldado, followed in March 2011. Valenzuela has earned both gold and platinum album certification in Chile.

Early life
Francisca Valenzuela was born in San Francisco, California to Chilean-born scientists, Pablo Valenzuela Valdés and Bernardita Méndez Velasco. She is the fourth oldest and only daughter of five children. Valenzuela attended Park Day School in nearby Oakland, California. At a very early age, Valenzuela demonstrated an interest in music and began taking music lessons at the age of 7. By age ten, she was playing acoustic guitar and continued studying classical piano. During summer vacations and Christmases, she and her brothers would travel to Santiago, where they would visit relatives. Eventually, the family would make the permanent move to Santiago, when she was 12. Valenzuela attended Saint George's College, an elite private school in the Vitacura neighborhood of Santiago.

After submitting poetry of her own composition to various literary magazines and taking summer poetry courses, Valenzuela's parents helped her submit more material to a friend, who was also a literary critic at Stanford University. Many of her poems were published in the Latin American literary magazine, El Andar. In 2000, she published her first book,Defenseless Waters, featuring a collection of her poems and illustrations. The book featured a foreword by famed Chilean author Isabel Allende. She released her second book, Abejorros/Madurar, which was distributed in Spain and Latin America in 2001. As part a promotional tour for Defenseless Waters, she brought her guitar and keyboard to venues in northern California, where she gave poetry readings and performed songs of her own composition.  Valenzuela is fluent in English and Spanish and often composes in both languages.

Music career

2004–2007: Beginnings and Muérdete la Lengua

Shortly after the release of her first book, Francisca and her family moved to Santiago, Chile when she was 13. While residing in Chile, Francisca took part as singer in school festivals, where she performed her original songs. In 2004, she attended an intensive jazz program at the Berklee College School of Music in Boston. She first began looking for a record deal by sending her demos to major record label offices throughout Chile with no success. She performed English-language songs at bars and clubs in Santiago, but eventually began writing and performing in Spanish. After many unsuccessful attempts at signing with a major label, Valenzuela decided to release her music independently in Chile.

In 2006, Valenzuela unofficially released her first solo single, "Peces", which she wrote at age 13 about a boy she liked who did not reciprocate her feelings. Within a few months after its release, "Peces" gained popularity on Chilean radio. "Peces" was recognized by Rolling Stone magazine in Chile, as one of the best 100 songs of the year 2006. Due to the success of her first unofficial single, Valenzuela began recording her debut album in Santiago. Brothers Mauricio and Francisco Durán of Los Bunkers produced the album. In December 2006, she released her second single, "Dulce", which reached number two on Chile's national charts.

To add more achievements to her short musical career, on May 19, 2007, she was invited by Julieta Venegas to open her concert at Teatro Caupolicán.  On June 30, 2007, her debut album, Muérdete La Lengua was released in Chile.  The Chilean press quickly dubbed her as The Princess of Rock, calling her,"[a] new musical revelation". Soon after its release, the album was certified as Gold in Chile. Valenzuela performed in New York City at the annual LAMC conference in July 2008. This was Valenzuela's first musical exposure in the US and gave her an opportunity to showcase her music outside of Latin America. To promote her debut album, Valenzuela performed at various venues across Chile, as well as Mexico, Argentina, and other countries throughout Latin America.

2009–2012: Buen Soldado
In early 2009, Valenzuela began the pre-production stages for her second album in Santiago and Berlin.  She contributed to the Chilean water conservation documentary H2O:Cero, by composing a new song called "En Blanco" for the film. She has also participated in the album tribute for Violeta Parra, recording a new version of "Run Run Se Fue Pa'l Norte" as well as recording a version of Inti-Illimani's song "Vuelvo".

In 2009, she collaborated with Chilean rapper, Latin Bitman for his album Colour; Valenzuela co-wrote and sang two songs, "Help Me" and "Someday". "Help Me" was later released as a single in the United States and Chile and a music video was also filmed in Los Angeles in November 2009. In August 2010, Valenzuela began recording for her second studio album in Santiago. Production on the album was completed in late 2010. On January 1, 2011, Valenzuela released in digital formats her first single "Quiero Verte Más" from her second studio album called Buen Soldado; the album was released on March 3, 2011, in Chile as a physical and digital release. In addition to embarking on a national tour in Chile, Valenzuela also promoted Buen Soldado internationally at the South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas in March 2012. She also performed at Midem in Cannes, France, representing Chile. Valenzuela had previously performed at the festival in 2011.

Valenzuela is a featured artist on Spanish singer-songwriter, Alejandro Sanz's tribute album, Y Si Fueran Ellas. She recorded a cover of Sanz's Lola Soledad for the album. The album features contributions from thirteen female vocalists, including Thalía and Ana Torroja. The album was released worldwide on iTunes on November 19, 2013.

2014: Tajo Abierto
In May 2014, Valenzuela confirmed that her third studio album, Tajo Abierto, would be released in September 2014. The album's first official single, "Prenderemos fuego al cielo", was available for digital download on iTunes on July 15, 2014. Valenzuela wrote most of the album on the piano before learning how to use special computer software to create the final studio version. She began recording her third studio album began recording the album in November 2013 and completed production in May 2014. The majority of the album was recorded in Los Angeles, California, with the exception of one song, "Cuequita del corazón", which Valenzuela recorded in Santiago, Chile at Estudios del Sur. Valenzuela worked on the album with four producers: Jesse Rogg, Vicente Sanfuentes (who co-produced her second album), Dave Sitek, and Áureo Baqueiro. Valenzuela wrote 25 songs for the album and chose 11 for the final track listing.

In 2014, Valenzuela formed her own independent record label, Frantastic Records, with the help of her mother, Vicente Sanfuentes, and a small team in Chile. Tajo Abierto was released worldwide on iTunes on September 9, 2014. To promote the album, she performed in Spain, Mexico, and Chile in September and November 2014. She returned to the US, where she debuted at Lollapalooza in Chicago on August 1, 2014. While in the US, she performed in Los Angeles and Oakland, California. "Armadura" was announced as the album's second single and was released for digital download on December 11, 2014. Tajo Abierto was named one of the best albums of 2014 by iTunes Chile.

In 2014, Valenzuela traveled to the Brazilian cities of Manaus and Rio de Janeiro, as well as the Amazonian Jungle, to write and record a music video for the HBO Latin America tourism documentary, "Encuentros en Brasil". She wrote the song, "Reina tropical de Brasil" ("Tropical Queen of Brazil" in English). The documentary series aired in Latin America and the Caribbean in September 2014. An EP of songs from the documentary was later released on iTunes on July 14, 2014.

In late December 2014, Valenzuela was selected along with 23 other well-known international artists to record the official theme song, "Live It", for at the 24th annual World Men's Handball Championship. A music video for the song was filmed and later premiered on YouTube on December 18, 2014. Valenzuela represents Chile. She and the other artists performed at the opening ceremony in Doha, Qatar on January 15, 2015.

2018–present: La Fortaleza
In 2018, she released the first two singles of her upcoming fourth studio album, "Tómame" and "Ya no se trata de ti", both tracks charted on the Chile Singles Chart, peaking on the positions 15 and 39, respectively. In July 2019, she released "Héroe", the third single of the album, which reach the top 10 on the Chile Singles Chart, making her fifth top 10 on the country. She performed the song at the closing ceremony of the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru during the handover segment for the next Games in her hometown Santiago.

On January 17, 2020, Valenzuela released her fourth studio album, La Fortaleza. A week before she released the fourth single of the album, "Flotando" which peaked at the number 70 on the Chile Singles Chart.

Fashion career
Valenzuela began modeling for the popular Chilean clothing brand, "Foster" in 2012. In May 2013, she partnered with the company to design a collection. Her collection features black and white pieces inspired by 60s mod and SKA. The collection is available exclusively in Foster stores throughout Chile. On November 6, 2013, Valenzuela revealed that she had designed a second collection for Foster. The Summer 2014 collection features 21 pieces, including accessories like handbags and wallets, designed by Valenzuela.

Personal life
Valenzuela took a summer course in International Relations at University of California, Berkeley. Later, she studied journalism at Universidad Católica in Santiago, Chile. In 2010, due to a busy touring and pre-production schedule for her second album, she put her studies on hold and later dropped out to pursue music full-time. Beginning January 2016, she was in a relationship with Chilean producer, Vicente Sanfuentes, which ended as of 2023. The breakup inspired Francisca's album, Adentro. She resides in Los Angeles, California.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

As featured artist

Other songs

Music videos
"Dulce" (2006)
"Muérdete La Lengua"(2007)
"Afortunada"(2008)
"Muleta"(2008)
"Peces"(2009)
""El Tiempo en Las Bastillas"(2009)
"Help Me (Latin Bitman feat. Francisca Valenzuela) (2009)
"Estrechez de Corazón (as a featured artist) (2011)
"Quiero Verte Más" (2011)
 "Que Sería" (2011)
 "En Mi Memoria" (2011)
 "Esta Soy Yo" (2011)
"Mucho Corazón" (Sussie 4 feat. Francisca Valenzuela) (2012)
 "Buen Soldado (2012)
"Reina tropical de Brasil" (2014)
""Prenderemos fuego al cielo" (2014)
"Live It" (as a featured artist) (2014)
"Armadura" (2015)
"Insulto" (2015)
"Almost Superstars" (2015)
"Catedral" (2016)
"Estremecer" (2016)
"Tómame" (2018)
"Ya No Se Trata De Ti" (2018)
"Héroe" (2019)
"Flotando" (2020)

References

External links
Official music website
Official MySpace
Official Blog

1987 births
Living people
21st-century Chilean women singers
Chilean pianists
Chilean women pianists
Chilean pop singers
Chilean guitarists
Chilean women guitarists
Chilean women poets
Chilean women singer-songwriters
Chilean singer-songwriters
Rock en Español musicians
20th-century Chilean poets
21st-century Chilean poets
American emigrants to Chile
Naturalized citizens of Chile
Feminist musicians
Women in Latin music
21st-century women pianists
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters
American pianists
American guitarists
American pop singers
American women poets
American women pianists
American women singer-songwriters


The Norton ES2 is a Norton motorcycle produced from 1927 until 1964. From 1965, a different machine  was produced for a short time by parent manufacturer AMC, based on a Matchless but badged as Norton ES2 Mk2.

Development

It was a long stroke single, always 79mm × 100mm bore and stroke, originally launched as a sports motorcycle but throughout its long life it was gradually overtaken by more powerful models.

It remained popular due to its reliability and ease of maintenance, as well as the traditional design. From 1947 the ES2 had an innovative hydraulically damped telescopic front fork and race developed rear plunger suspension. From 1953 it had a single downtube swinging-arm frame.

Featherbed frame
From 1959 it used the Rex McCandless-designed featherbed frame, with upgrades including an improved AMC gearbox, revised cylinder head, crankshaft-mounted Lucas RM15 60-watt alternator with coil ignition and an 8-inch front brake with full width hubs front and rear. The wideline Featherbed-framed bike was road tested in The Motor Cycle 4 June 1959 issue and was reported to have a mean top speed of 82 mph with petrol consumption of 56 mpg at 60 mph.

Slimline featherbed frame
For 1961, in common with other large-engined Nortons, the bike was further improved with the Slimline frame with upper frame rails narrowed and a restyled slimmer fuel tank.

Finale

The last ES2 was introduced in late 1964. A Matchless-based machine with Norton badges, it was produced for two years before final discontinuation, coincident with the commercial failure of the AMC Group.

A report in a 1980 UK magazine stated:The slow but immensely likeable Featherbed-framed 350 Model 50 and 500 ES2 Norton ohv singles were dropped and in their place appeared the Model 50 MkII and ES2 MkII, or, with Norton badges hastily tacked on the side, the Matchless G3 and G80. They failed to fool anyone, let alone the buying public. In 1966 the heavyweight singles were all but a memory...

References

Bibliography
 Bacon, Roy, (1983). Norton singles: Manx and Inter, and all side and overhead valve singles from 1927 to 1966. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
Williams, P, & Reddihough, JA (1960). Motor Cycle Data Book: Motor Cycles, Scooters, Mopeds, Light Cars. London: George Newnes Ltd.

See also
Norton Model 50
List of motorcycles of the 1920s

Motorcycles introduced in the 1920s
ES2
Single-cylinder motorcycles


Bahundanda  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2114 people living in 433 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bajhakhet  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3177 people living in 625 individual households.

Media
To Promote local culture Bajhakhet has one FM radio station Radio Marsyangdi - 95.0 MHz Which is a Community radio Station.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Balungpani  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2641 people living in 519 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bangre  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1776 people living in 350 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bansar  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2556.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bhalayakharka  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2517 people living in 470 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bharte  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2591 people living in 544 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bhoje  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2591 people living in 544 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


The Buhl Building is a historic commercial building in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.  Built in 1913 in the Italianate style, the building is faced with multi-colored terra cotta tiles.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 3, 1980.  As well, it is listed as a landmark by the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation.

References

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Office buildings in Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
Italianate architecture in Pennsylvania
Commercial buildings completed in 1913
Headquarters in the United States
1913 establishments in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Pittsburgh


Bhorletar  is a [town(Nepal)] in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2526 people living in 491 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bhotewodar  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3630 people living in 785 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bhujung  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1621 people living in 339 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District
Hill stations in Nepal


Bhulbhule  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3079 people living in 626 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Bichaur  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2462 people living in 488 individual households.

2015 Nepal earthquake

The village was affected by the earthquake on 25 April 2015. It along with Ilampokhari, Dudhpokhari, Gaudu, Kolki and Pyarjung were the most affected villages in Lamjung district.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


The Nottingham Blitz was an attack by the Nazi German Luftwaffe on Nottingham during the night of 8–9 May 1941.

Defence preparations

Nottingham was the first city in Britain to develop an ARP (Air Raid Precautions) network. It was developed because of the foresight of Nottingham City Police Chief Constable Captain Athelstan Popkess. The city was divided into zones, controlled by report and control centres with 45 auxiliary fire service stations.

By the time of the raid, Nottingham had built a significant number of public shelters. The John Player & Sons tobacco company had built a network of tunnels at its factory and under local streets sufficient to house around 5,000 of its workers.

The raid on the night of 8–9 May by the Luftwaffe was targeted at Nottingham and Derby. The X-Gerät beams set up to cover the Rolls-Royce works were detected, and radio counter-measures diverted the attack to the moors north east of the town.

A Starfish decoy fire system located near Cropwell Butler in the Vale of Belvoir confused the aircraft, and many of the bombs intended for Nottingham were dropped on open farmland in the vale.

The raid
There were over 100 bombers in the Nottingham raid. Emergency services tackled 97 fires on the night of the Nottingham Blitz on 8 and 9 May 1941. Records list 12 fires as serious, 40 as major and 42 as medium. In some cases, fires started by incendiary bombs were put out before they took hold.

Firefighters successfully tackled a fire in the south transept at St Mary's Church after an incendiary bomb burned through the roof. A turntable ladder was positioned on High Pavement to enable them to direct a hose on to the roof. The vicar of St. Mary's, Neville Stuart Talbot noted:
We had a visitation - nothing compared with some places, but still a very real taste. Began about twelve. We had gone to bed, and tried to believe that the explosions were our guns, but soon one and then another were unmistakable - one was not far off down Friar's Lane. Peering out of the top window, I soon realised that big fires had been started, so, there being a lull, I went down. I found a fire going in the South Transept of the Church. It took a long time really to put it out.

There were fierce fires at Trivett's Building near St. Mary's Church, in Short Hill and three of the Boots' factories in Poplar Street, Island Street and Station Street.

Buildings destroyed
St. John the Baptist's Church, Leenside, Nottingham, remains demolished and site cleared after the war.
St. Christopher's Church, Sneinton, rebuilt by 1952
Stadium Hotel, Parliament Street

Buildings damaged
St. Mary's Church, Nottingham
Nottingham Masonic Hall
University College Nottingham
Shakespeare Street Wesleyan Reform Chapel
Moot Hall, Friar Lane

Casualties
Casualties were heavy. There were 159 people recorded as killed with 274 injured. At the Co-op bakery on Meadow Lane, 49 employees and members of the Home Guard were killed, and 20 others injured. At University College, 45 people were killed.

Other raids
The Nottingham Evening Post of 17 May 1945 records that there were 11 raids on Nottingham in total, 178 people were killed and 350 injured. 479 high explosive bombs were dropped.

References

The Blitz
History of Nottingham
20th century in Nottinghamshire
May 1941 events


Chakratirtha  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3813 people living in 749 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


The Norwegian Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Armed Forces () is an etat subordinate to the Norwegian Parliament.
The Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Armed Forces was established in 1952, as the world's first parliamentary military ombudsman. Its purpose is to "safeguard the rights of all members of the Armed Forces", allowing individuals to bring their cases forward should they need to.

The Ombudsman and the Ombudsman's committee is an organ of the Storting (the Norwegian Parliament) and part of the Parliament's oversight- and supervisory activities. The Ombudsman and the Ombudsman's committee are elected by and reports to the Parliament.

The Ombudsman shall safeguard the rights of all members (and former members) of the Armed Forces. Anyone who feels that he or she has been wrongly, unjustly or unreasonably treated can bring his or her case before the Ombudsman and request him to investigate the matter to determine whether an injustice has been done, and if it has, to see to it that corrective action is taken.

All sorts of issues and circumstances arising from military service can at any given time - before, during or after time of service - be brought to the attention of the Ombudsman.
The Ombudsman's committee submits annual reports to the Storting. The Ombudsman may however at any time report a matter to Parliament. The Ombudsman acts as an advisor to the Storting, to the Ministry of Defence and to the Chief of Defence on matters within his sphere of competence.

In its role as independent military oversight mechanism the Ombudsman's committee inspects military units home and abroad. The Ombudsman submits inspection reports with proper recommendations to the MOD, Chief of Defence and military authorities involved.

The Ombudsman may address or take actions on his own initiative in any matter which comes to his attention. He is empowered to deal with cases involving all authorities, has access to all documents and information and may hear witnesses and experts. The Ombudsman is impartial and independent of the Minister for Defence, the Ministry of Defence and the Military Authorities.
The Ombudsman's committee consists of seven members and is headed by the Ombudsman. The Office of the Ombudsman for the Armed Forces is led by the Ombudsman. His administration is headed by the Director (the senior administrative manager).

Ombudsmen
Kjell Arne Bratli (2006–2014)
Roald Linaker (2014– )

References
Official site

Ombudsman posts
 Norwegian Parliamentary Ombudsman for the Armed Forces
Ombudsman for the Armed Forces
Ombudsman for the Armed Forces
Government agencies established in 1952
 Armed Forces


Chandisthan  () is a town and market place at Besishahar Municipality in Lamjung District in Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. The Besishahar Municipality was formed by merging the existing Village Development Committees i.e. Besishahar, Gaunshahar, Udipur & Chandisthan on 15 May 2014.

Population
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 1,895(1,031 Female & 864 Male) people living in 492 individual Households.

See also
 Besishahar Municipality
 Gaunshahar
 Udipur
 Lamjung District

References

Lamjung District
Populated places in Lamjung District


Chandreshwar  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2357 people living in 488 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Żeniówka, also known as Ziniówka, Ziuniuwka or Ziniejowka, was a Polish settlement in the Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939), gmina Warkowicze, Dubno county, on the Ikva River, in Second Polish Republic before the Nazi German and Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939.

The village (area now in Ukraine) was the site of Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) ethnic cleansing of Poles between 1942 and 1945. The village no longer exists.

See also
 Massacres of Poles in Volhynia

References

Sources
 Władysław and Ewa Siemaszko, Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939 - 1945. WYKAZ MIEJSCOWOŚCI; accessed 13 December 2014.
 Leonard Urbanowicz, Spis miejscowości powiatu DUBIEŃSKIEGO w województwie wołyńskim , wolyn.ovh.org; accessed 13 December 2014.

Villages in Wołyń Voivodeship
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia
War crimes committed by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
Massacres in the 1940s
Massacres in 1940


Chiti  () is a village and the 11th ward of Besisahar Municipality in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. It is also a former village development committee of Lamjung District out of 61. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5166, and it covers the area of 17.62 square kilometer.

References
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Dhamilikuwa  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3831 people living in 791 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Dhodeni  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2001 people living in 368 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


The Ahkiyyini is a skeleton spirit in Inuit folklore. He is the ghost of Alaska, and causes tidal waves and earthquakes by moving his arms.
Other articles state that when alive Ahkiyyini was always dancing and playing music. In death he would use his arm bone as a drum stick and his scapula as a drum. He created music and danced a jig where it would make the ground shake to where boats would overturn.

References

Inuit mythology
Inuit legendary creatures
Undead
Alaska folklore


The Ladder of Jacob (Hebrew: Sulam Yaakov סולם יעקב) is a pseudepigraphic writing of the Old Testament. It is usually considered to be part of the apocalyptic literature. The text has been preserved only in Slavonic, and it is clearly a translation from a now lost Greek version. It is not regarded as scripture by Jews or any Christian group.

Manuscript tradition
The text of the Ladder of Jacob has been preserved only in Old Church Slavonic; it is found in the Tolkovaja Paleja, a compendium of various Old Testament texts and comments which also preserved the Apocalypse of Abraham. The Tolkovaja Paleja is a compilation of texts assembled in the 8th or 9th century in Greek and later translated into Slavonic; it is the only translation that has survived. Some plays on words in the Ladder of Jacob suggest an original Hebrew text, or a Greek text intended for readers with at least some knowledge of Hebrew.

Two recensions of the Ladder of Jacob have been identified: a longer one, usually denoted A, which survives in three manuscripts, and a shorter one, usually called B, which is represented by the majority of the manuscript tradition (of thirteen manuscripts). The chief difference between these is that the shorter recension reduces drastically the prayer of Jacob and omits the name of the angel Sariel (2:2-5:1).

Date and origin
The date and origin of the Ladder of Jacob are uncertain. It is possible to infer at least three stages: an original work written in a Jewish context after the Destruction of the Temple, the use in early Byzantine world and the final translation in Slavonic around the ninth century. In the Christian stages the text was interpolated to form an anti-Jewish polemic, by  adding some comments here and there, omitting some sentences and adding a Christian conclusion: Chapter Seven has Christian origin. The expectation of a delayed warrior Messiah and the similarities with 2 Baruch, Apocalypse of Abraham and other apocalyptic literature suggest the original text may have been written in the  first half of the second century CE.

Content
The Ladder of Jacob is based on the Biblical dream of Jacob in .
 Chapter 1 is an expansion of the narrative of Genesis. Jacob falls asleep and sees a ladder set up on the Earth; the top of it reaches to heaven with angels ascending and descending on it. Many details are added to the Genesis narrative: the ladder is made of twelve steps, and on each step there are two human forms, one on each side of the step, visible as far as their breasts. On the top of the ladder there was a "face", "as of a man", carved in the fire and much more terrifying than the twenty-four other busts. The Lord is over this central "face".
 Chapter 2 includes a prayer by Jacob, surely abbreviated by the Slavonic copyist, asking the Lord the meaning of the vision. The prayer describes God sitting on a fire throne, surrounded by Cherubim and Seraphim, a vision that is a classic example of Merkabah.
 In Chapter 3 the angel Sariel is sent by the Lord to Jacob to explain the vision, and the text says Jacob was not terrified by the vision of the angel.
 In Chapter 4 Sariel changes the name of Jacob to Israel in order to have it "to be similar to his own name".
 Chapter 5 includes the explanation of the ladder given by Sariel: the ladder is the Age, and the twelve steps are the periods into which the Age is divided (the same division we find in 2 Baruch). The twenty-four human busts are the kings of the world who oppose Israel, some more, some less. The fourth step may be the author's picture of his own time; in the last times the Lord will raise a descendant of Esau (probably the Roman Empire) who initially will protect Israel, and later will serve the idols and use violence. The people of Jacob will be exiled, made slaves and wounded.
 Chapter 6 is about the coming of the Messiah, described as a king who fights against the enemies of Israel and wins; the enemies then repent and the Lord accepts their plea. In the following events the Lord acts directly: there will be earthquakes and destructions followed by the final victory against the Leviathan and the Falkon. The sons of Jacob will walk in the Lord's justice, and the kingdoms of Edom and Moab will be destroyed.
 Chapter 7 is surely a Christian addition; it predicts the Incarnation of the Savior.

Theology
The Ladder of Jacob, as well as the Apocalypse of Abraham, interpret the experience of Patriarchs in the context of merkabah mysticism. The Ladder of Jacob takes a stand on the main issues debated in apocalyptic literature: the role of the Messiah is limited to that of a warrior, the final victory against the evil and the last judgment are carried out directly by God himself, and it is possible to repent on the last day.

See also
 Jacob's Ladder

Notes

Sources
 H.F.D. Sparks The Apocryphal Old Testament  (1984) pag 453-464
 H.G.Lunt Ladder of Jacob, a new translation and introduction in ed.  James H. Charlesworth The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol. 2 (1985) pag 401-412.
 P.Sacchi M.Enrietti Apocrifi dell'Antico Testamento Vol 3  (1999) pag 551-570.

2nd-century texts
Apocalyptic literature
Jacob
Jewish messianism
Jewish texts
Merkabah mysticism
Old Testament pseudepigrapha
Old Church Slavonic literature
Christian texts


Dhuseni is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1384 people living in 267 individual households.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Dudhpokhari (दूधपोखरी) is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. The name Dudhpokhari is derived from the lake which lies in the base of Himalchuli. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 10,975 people living in 2590 individual households. The highest elevation is Mount Himalchuli. Dudhpokhari kunda, which lies in the base of himalchuli, is a popular religious destination which attracts thousand of Hindus in Shrawan during Janai Purnima.

2015 Nepal earthquake

The village was affected by the earthquake on 25 April 2015, along with Ilampokhari, Gaudu, Kolki and Pyarjung in the Lamjung district.

Mount Himalchuli
Himalchuli, which lies in the Dudhpokhari village development committee is the second highest mountain in the Mansiri Himal, part of the Nepalese Himalayas. It lies south of Manaslu, one of the eight-thousanders. Himalchuli has three main peaks: East (7893 m), West (7540 m) and North (7371 m). It is also often written as two words, "Himal Chuli".

Himalchuli is the 18th highest mountain in the world (using a cutoff of 500m prominence, or re-ascent). It is also notable for its large vertical relief over local terrain. For example, it rises 7000m over the Marshyangdi River to the southwest in about  horizontal distance

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Introduction
Duradanda , दुराडाँडा is one of the mid-hills in Lamjung District, one of the districts in Gandaki in central Nepal. Duradanda is a historic place formerly comprising six village development committees (VDCs) namely Chandreshwor, Duradanda (sensu stricto), Dhuseni, Ishaneshwor, Neta, and Purankot. After the restructuring of the local government bodies established by the Constitution of Nepal 2015, the former VDCs now represent different wards of Sundarbazar (Chandreshwor, Duradanda, Dhuseni and Sindure), Madhyanepal (Neta and Ishaneshwor) or Besishahar (Purankot) municipalities. The main entry point or the starting point of 'Duradanda' hill is 'Satrasaya Phant' (Satrasaya Fedi). This is also the base of Duradanda hill. The north and east sides of Duradanda hill are bordered by the Kirinche river, the south side by the Paundi river, and the west side by the Neta and Sindure.

Naming of Duradanda
The name 'Duradanda' 'दुराडाँडा' is composed of two terms: Dura (दुरा)= a historic tribe + danda (डाँडा)= a hill (in Nepali).

How to get to Duradanda?
One can reach Duradanda easily using road transportation from different routes. The main entry point is 'Satrasaya Plant', which is about a 10 minutes drive or 30 minutes walk west of Sundarbazar. You can also reach Duradanda from the west, using the Neta entry point of the Madhyanepal municipality if you are coming from the Pokhara side. Road networks are being constructed that connects Duradanda from several sides. However, as of 2023, the roads are not paved and mostly not graveled making transportation unreliable and difficult during the rainy season. Dry seasons are best to travel as is the case in most rural areas of Nepal. Direct passenger bus services are now available from several main cities, the country capital Kathmandu, the tourism city and the provincial capital Pokhara, the gateway to terai region Narayangadh, and the district headquarters Besishahar.

The Dura Tribe
Dura (दुरा) is a rare indigenous tribe inhabiting the top parts of the Duradanda hill. Duradanda is considered to be the place of origin of the 'Dura' tribe. Duras have their own language and culture but are currently mostly forgotten because of an increasing influence from other cultures. Dura language is no longer spoken as the tribe uses the Nepali language for communication. Only older generations know the language, and people of that generation are mostly not alive. Thus, the Dura language is in danger of being completely lost. Dura tribe has a historic role and reputation in this area and are important political game players in the past as well as the present. Duras played a role in establishing the king of Lamjung Kingdom when Nepal was fragmented into 22–24 Kingdoms, the Bayise Chaubisi Rajyas.

Historic Education Hub
Duradanda is also known for its historic role in social reform and education movements. 'Halo Kranti, the plowing movement' and 'Siksha Kranti, the educational movement' are among the famous. Sarvodaya High School (now, Sarbodaya Higher Secondary School and Sarbodaya Campus) was one of the oldest schools in the entire region of Central Nepal. Thus, people from very far places used to come to Duradanda for formal school education at Sarvodaya High School. At that time, young people who wanted to come here to seek school education from far villages used to say: "Duradanda kei chhaina tadha, janchhu ma ta sikshya ko khojima" meaning that "Duradanda is no longer far and I want to go there seeking my education". There were no hostels, so the youngsters used to live as guests (paying or free) in locals' houses, preferably relatives. In return, they had to bring commodities or provide labor services for household and/or farm work.

Duradanda Village Development Committee
One of the Village Development Committees (VDC) in Duradanda was named 'Duradanda VDC' before the new restructuring of the local government bodies in 2015. Duradanda VDC (sensu stricto), thus, only represents a small part of Duradanda and includes a few villages in the southeastern part of Duradanda hill. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census the population of this VDC was 2135 people living in 430 households. The VDC has one high school named 'Sanskriti Sadan' in the village of Archalyani.

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District


Phaleni  is a village development committee in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1881 Nepal census it had a population of 57327 people living in 286 individual households. Phaleni was the first king in Nepal village and married six wife and 29 children and 64  grandchildren after the death in 1901

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Lamjung District

Populated places in Lamjung District