The Foellinger Auditorium, located at 709 S. Mathews Avenue in Urbana, Illinois on the campus of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, is a concert hall and the university's largest lecture hall. It is the southernmost building on the main quad.  Its size and its dome make it one of the university’s most recognizable buildings.  The building was completed in 1907 and was designed by Clarence H. Blackall, a noted theatre designer, in the Beaux-Arts style.  The building is essentially a circle with a 120-foot diameter covering 17,000 square feet, with a large vestibule on the north side, and 396 lights in its copper dome.

Originally dedicated to the composer Edward MacDowell, the building was rededicated on April 26, 1985 in honor of Helene Foellinger, whose gift to the university enabled the facility to undergo a major renovation.

History
The idea for an Auditorium began in 1905 with the university's president, Edmund Janes James, who wanted to build a "noble monument" dedicated to the art of music. He wrote: "I am interested in having this the greatest hall of the kind in the Mississippi Valley". The university's trustees chose noted theatre designer and UI alumnus (Class of 1877) Clarence H. Blackall – who was responsible for the Wilbur and Colonial Theatres in Boston, among many others – and a site was chosen for the new building.  Blackall later said about the location:

Our University of Illinois will focus about the Auditorium. This building is located upon the only commanding site of the entire grounds, at the crest of the slight rise towards the south from Green Street, where it will form the center of the growth for many years to come, so that ultimately this structure which now seems in a way too far to the south, will be surrounded on all sides by large and developed schools.

Blackall developed a design which was estimated to cost $200,000 to build.  Unfortunately the state legislature only authorized $100,000 which necessitated Blackall making some drastic changes in his design, which originally called for an auditorium that would cover , have a copper dome with a smaller glass oculus, and 2,500 seats, as well as a south wing which would be the home for the School of Music.  Blackall reduced the overall size of the building, had the dome constructed out of sheet metal, and eliminated the backstage areas, although he arranged the design in such a way as to allow the future addition of a backstage.

Despite the funding shortages, construction of what was originally called simply "the Auditorium" began and ended in 1907.  It was constructed on a granite foundation of brick and Indiana limestone. Despite the deviations from Blackall's original plan, upon the building’s completion and its two-day dedication on November 4 and 5, 1907, it was capable of holding 2,500 students, more than the entire student body at the time.  The building was originally dedicated to the noted composer Edward MacDowell.

Blackall was not pleased about the changes necessitated by the budget shortfall.  He complained to university architect James McLaren White in 1923: "My best wish for that building would be to have it go up in smoke some night, and somebody would have the chance to rebuild it right."

Sound problem
Several weeks before the dedication of the building was scheduled, Blackall learned that the hall was acoustically imperfect, with what President James called "A fearful echo." Fixing the hall's sound was assigned to the professors of the university's Physics Department, in particular Floyd Rowe Watson, who knew very little about acoustics, but spent six years solving the problem, after which he was a recognized authority of the subject.  Remodeling of the interior in 1915 and 1937 were a part of the effort to fix the acoustical problem.

Sculpture
The Lorado Taft sculpture Alma Mater, which now stands outside Altgeld Hall, was originally placed outside the south end of the Auditorium, where two fragments of the sculptor's Fountain of Creation are now located.

Renovations
The Auditorium was renovated in 1915, 1937, 1951 and 1970.  The alterations to the interior in 1915 were intended to help the building's serious acoustical problem. The renovation in 1937 included a major seat replacement project, which reduced the seating capacity from 2,500 to 1,936 seats.  The renovation also added dressing rooms and the interior dome ceiling was lowered to help eliminate the echo.  Also, some decorative elements were removed.

In 1951, changes were made to bring the building into compliance with fire codes.  These included adding fire doors throughout the building and separating the stairwells from the lobby.

By 1970, many campus planners were suggesting that the now worn-out Auditorium be destroyed.  However, thanks to a $3 million gift in 1983 from newspaper publisher Helene Foellinger (Class of 1932) of the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel, the auditorium was instead renovated again, built and refinished to Blackall’s original design under the supervision of architect Walker Johnson, who utilized Blackall's original plans and drawings, as well as tinted lithographs.  Wings and a backstage area were added – a total of 6,000 square feet – a new wooden stage floor was installed, seating was replaced, and the sheet metal dome was replaced with a copper one with a 4.5 foot pineapple and 396 embedded lights. In addition the stage lighting and audio system were improved. A rededication ceremony was held on April 26, 1985, when the name of the building was changed to "Foellinger Auditorium".

As part of the renovation, the seating capacity was reduced to 1,750.  Of these, 915 are on the main floor, and 835 are in the balcony.

Current uses
Foellinger Auditorium is currently used as a large lecture hall, mainly for the Economics Department. The facility is also used for guest speakers, performances, concerts, and other events. According to the Auditorium's manager, around 17,000 students use the facility for class and another 5,000 to 10,000 attend various events each week.

The auditorium has a camera atop it which captures live video of the Main Quad, which can be accessed on the UIUC website.

Directly in front of the building, at the bottom of the stairs, there in a semi-circular forecourt area. Due to the architecture, when standing directly in the center, an echo can be heard by the speaker. This area is known as the "echo spot" to most students on the campus.

Events
Speakers

Jane Addams (1915)
Maya Angelou (1996)
Saul Bellow (1968)
Julian Bond (1968)
Margaret Bourke-White (1942)
Ralph Bunche (1949)
Admiral Richard Byrd (1931)
Bruce Catton (1964)
Bennett Cerf (1952)
Henry Steele Commager (1962)
Ève Curie (1940)
Clarence Darrow (1918)
Thomas Dewey (1939)
John Dos Passos (1955)
Amelia Earhart (1935)
Clifton Fadiman (1954)
Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1969)
Dr, Eric Fromm (1968)
Robert Frost (1926)
Senator J. William Fulbright (1959)
R. Buckminster Fuller (1974)
John Kenneth Galbraith (1967)
George McGovern (1972)
Bill Gates (2004)
Dr. Julian Huxley (1950)
Alexander Kerensky (1944)
Stanley Kramer (1971)
Dr. Louis Leakey (1965)
Sinclair Lewis (1921)
Vachel Lindsay (1923)
Ogden Nash (1955)
Senator George Norris (1933)
Barack Obama (2018)
Vance Packard (1955)
Drew Pearson (1944)
Admiral Robert Peary (1916)
Walter Reuther (1950)
Eleanor Roosevelt (1956)
Pierre Salinger (1968)
Harrison Salisbury (1963)
Carl Sandburg (1929)
Adlai Stevenson III (1970)
Norman Thomas (1944)
Countess Alexandra Tolstoy (1949)
Carl Van Doren (1925)
Mark Van Doren (1958)
Wernher von Braun (1959)
General Leonard Wood (1919)
Jesse Ventura (2004)

Performers

John Philip Sousa (1909)
Pablo Casals (1918)
Efrem Zimbalist (1919)
Jascha Heifetz (1924)
Sergei Rachmaninoff (1924)
Burl Ives (1940)
Ezio Pinza (1940)
Arthur Rubinstein (1940)
Marian Anderson (1941)
Helen Traubel (1943)
Rudolf Serkin (1946)
Duke Ellington (1948)
Igor Stravinsky (1949)
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (1950)
Charles Laughton (1953)
Vaughn Monroe (1954)
Richard Tucker (1954)
Claude Rains (1955)
Dave Brubeck (1956)
José Greco (1958)
Hal Holbrook (1960)
Ravi Shankar (1961)
Joan Baez (1962)
Helen Hayes (1962)
Carlos Montoya (1966)
Dick Gregory (1967)
Lil Wayne (2004)
Wilco (2005)
Relient K (2006)
Moe (2006)
Ben Folds (2007)
Lupe Fiasco (2007)
OK Go (2007)
The Used (2008)
Andrew Bird (2009)
Matisyahu (2009)
The Academy Is... (2009)
Janelle Monáe (2011)
fun. (2011)
Baauer (2013)
Casey James (2013)
Grouplove (2013)
Nick Offerman (2013)
Beach Bunny (2021)

In popular culture
Foellinger Auditorium was prominently displayed at the end of the 1994 movie With Honors when it served as the location for the film's graduation scene.

References

External links

Buildings and structures of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
School buildings completed in 1907
Music venues completed in 1907
Concert halls in Illinois
Theatres completed in 1907
Tourist attractions in Champaign County, Illinois
1907 establishments in Illinois


Bjarne Gotfred Eriksen (31 July 1886 – 13 November 1976) was a Norwegian businessperson and fencer.

He was born in Trondheim. He competed in the individual foil and épée events at the 1912 Summer Olympics.  His brother Einar competed at the same Olympics in rowing.

He was hired as a Supreme Court barrister in 1917, but started a career in Norsk Hydro in 1926. He was originally head of the judicial and financial department, but was then promoted to Director-General (CEO) in 1941.

After the German occupation of Norway, the Germans wanted to further increase output of heavy water; the situation escalated, until Hydro's top management protested, and in early 1943, Bjarne Eriksen, the company's managing director, was arrested and sent to a concentration camp in Germany.

After the War, Erikson returned to his position, where he remained until 1956; after this he was chairman of the board from 1957 to 1960.

References

1886 births
1976 deaths
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
20th-century Norwegian businesspeople
Norsk Hydro people
Norwegian male foil fencers
Olympic fencers for Norway
Fencers at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Businesspeople from Trondheim
Norwegian male épée fencers


Chelsea Snow Cain (born February 5, 1972) is an American writer of novels and columns.

Biography
Cain was born February 5, 1972, in Iowa City, Iowa, to Mary Cain and Larry Schmidt. Cain spent her early childhood on a hippie commune outside of Iowa City.  Her father dodged the Vietnam draft and her parents lived "underground" for several years. In 1978, she moved with her mother to Bellingham, Washington, where she attended Lowell Elementary School, Fairhaven Middle School, and Sehome High School.  She spent the school year in Bellingham with her mother and the summers in Florida with her father and stepmother and stepbrother.

Cain left Bellingham after high school to study political science at the University of California, Irvine, where she wrote for the New University newspaper and became the opinion editor.  After graduating in 1994, she attended the graduate school of journalism at the University of Iowa.

While at Iowa, she wrote a weekly column for The Daily Iowan.  Her master's thesis at the University of Iowa became Dharma Girl, a memoir about Cain's early childhood on the hippie commune.  One of her professors presented it to several editors for review, and Seal Press picked it up as Cain's first published work. She was 24 years old.

She traveled across the United States on book tour with Dharma Girl, living for a brief period in Portland, Oregon, and then in New York City.  After a year in New York, she returned to Portland, and edited an anthology for Seal Press titled Wild Child: Girlhoods in the Counterculture.

Cain is married to Marc Mohan, a video store owner and film reviewer for The Oregonian. They have one daughter, Eliza.

Cain and her family currently reside in Portland, Oregon.

Career
After working as a creative director at a public relations firm in Portland for several years, Cain began writing humor books in her spare time, including The Hippie Handbook: How to Tie-Dye a T-Shirt, Flash a Peace Sign, and Other Essential Skills for the Carefree Life (Chronicle Books, 2004), Confessions of a Teen Sleuth (Bloomsbury, 2005), and Does this Cape Make Me Look Fat? Pop-Psychology for Superheroes (Chronicle Books, 2006), which Cain co-wrote with her husband.  Cain also composed a weekly column for Portland's alternative newspaper, The Portland Mercury and started contributing to Portland's major daily, The Oregonian in 2003. when she left marketing behind to focus on writing full-time.  Her last column with The Oregonian was posted on December 28, 2008.

She wrote her first thriller Heartsick in 2004, while pregnant with her daughter. It was published on September 4, 2007. Sweetheart and Evil at Heart followed as the second and third in the series, respectively.

In March 2016, Cain started writing a new Marvel Comics series, Mockingbird, the first solo series about the character.  The series ran for eight issues before cancellation.

She is the writer of comic book series Man-Eaters for Image Comics with artists Kate Niemczyk and Lia Miternique, which became available in shops in September 2018 and ended in October 2019. Man-Eaters was criticized for failing to account for trans experiences as the plot revolves around a disease that impacts people based on sex-specific symptoms. Cain's response was to print tweets criticizing her in subsequent issues of the book, which resulted in harassment and threats being aimed at her critics, and called into question the legality of publishing tweets. She went on to ask for volunteers to do sensitivity reading, as she stated the book was expensive to produce and she could not offer any pay for the job. Despite this widespread criticism, Cain returned to Image to publish Man-Eaters: Tomorrow Belongs to You! in March 2020 and an additional five issue miniseries called Man-Eaters: The Cursed in July 2021.

Accolades
 Named 6th best book of the year (2008) by Stephen King in Entertainment Weekly for Heartsick and Sweetheart
 Amazon Mystery/Thriller of 2007 for Heartsick
 Named one of Four Hot Authors for Fall 2007 by Entertainment Weekly
 Heartsick optioned as a film in September 2007
 Booksense 76 Pick for Heartsick
 Barnes & Noble Developing Writer pick for Heartsick
 New York Times Book Review editor's choice for Heartsick and Confessions of a Teen Sleuth: A Parody

Bibliography
 Dharma Girl (1996)
 Wild Child: Girlhoods in the Counterculture (1999)
 The Hippie Handbook: How to Tie-Dye a T-Shirt, Flash a Peace Sign, and Other Essential Skills for the Carefree Life (2004)
 Confessions of a Teen Sleuth: A Parody (2005)
 Does This Cape Make Me Look Fat? Pop-Psychology for Super Heroes (2006)
Mockingbird – S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary #1 (2015)
Mockingbird #1–8 (2016)

Gretchen Lowell Series
 Heartsick (2007)
 Sweetheart (2008)
 Evil At Heart (2009)
 The Night Season (2011)
 Kill You Twice (August 2012)
 Let Me Go (August 2013)

Kick Lannigan Series
 One Kick (August 2014)
 Kick Back (unpublished)

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Writers from Iowa City, Iowa
University of California, Irvine alumni
Novelists from Oregon
The Oregonian people
American women novelists
21st-century American novelists
American columnists
American women columnists
21st-century American memoirists
American women memoirists
21st-century American women writers
American comics writers
Novelists from Iowa
Female comics writers
American parodists
Parody novelists
Marvel Comics writers


The Olsen Gang Over the Hill () is a 1981 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling and starring Ove Sprogøe.

Cast
 Ove Sprogøe as Egon Olsen
 Morten Grunwald as Benny Frandsen
 Poul Bundgaard as Kjeld Jensen
 Kirsten Walther as Yvonne Jensen
 Axel Strøbye as Kriminalassistent Jensen
 Ole Ernst as Politiassistent Holm
 Bjørn Watt-Boolsen as Bang-Johansen
 Holger Juul Hansen as Hallandsen
 Ove Verner Hansen as Bøffen
Additionally, Poul Reichhardt portrays a Harbour Guard, Dick Kaysø portrays a Crane Operator, Claus Ryskjær portrays a Bodyguard leader, Søren Steen portrays another Bodyguard, Kai Løvring portrays a Cleaner, while Holger Perfort and Bertel Lauring portrays Carlsberg workers.

References

External links

1981 films
1981 comedy films
1980s Danish-language films
Films directed by Erik Balling
Films with screenplays by Erik Balling
Olsen-banden films


Richard Scrimger is a Canadian writer who has published fourteen books since 1996.  He is best known for his children's literature, but has also written three books for adults: Crosstown, Still Life With Children and Mystical Rose.  A winner of the Mr. Christie Award (for The Nose From Jupiter) and recipient of dozens of award nominations, Scrimger is a favourite with many children and adults.  All of his novels except The Boy From Earth and Still Life With Children have been short-listed for readers' choice awards.  Several of his books have been named to Best-of, or Top-ten, or Notable lists by various libraries and publications, including Young Adult Library Services Association, Chicago Public Library, American Library Association, Time Out New York Kids, The Globe and Mail, Quill & Quire.  His books have been translated into Dutch, French, German, Thai, Korean, Portuguese, Slovenian, Italian, and Polish.

Life and work

Scrimger was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1957, moving to Toronto, Ontario at the age of 2.  He attended Edgewood Public School, Deer Park Public School and North Toronto Collegiate Institute.  He describes himself as "a combination class clown and nerd", earning both scholarships and detentions.  In 1979 he graduated from the University of Toronto with honours in History and English.  After university he worked as a waiter and traveled in Europe.  It was there that he started his first novel, which he describes as "a stinker". It was never published.

He returned to Toronto, got married and started a family, working at restaurants in the evenings and looking after his children during the day.  In the early 1990s the plight of the homeless people he passed on his way to and from work in downtown Toronto caught his attention.  They later became the inspiration for Crosstown (1996, Riverbank Press) a book which is by turns tragic and laugh out loud amusing, a combination which Scrimger maintained through most of his works.

While attending a one-week writing program at the Humber College School for Writers, Scrimger wrote a humorous story about a stay-at-home dad going shopping with his kids.  That piece and others like it were published in The Globe and Mail, and later turned into the book Still Life With Children (1997, HarperCollins).

Claire Mackay, a family friend and well-known children's writer herself, asked Scrimger to contribute to her humorous collection, Laughs.  "Introducing Norbert" is about an alien who lives in a boy's nose. The story was later converted into a novel, The Nose From Jupiter (1998, Tundra Books).  The book was a roaring success, leading to three more Norbert books, A Nose For Adventure, Noses Are Red, and The Boy From Earth, all published by Tundra Books.

The Way to Schenectady (1998) is based loosely on childhood motor trips to the east coast.  Its sequel, Of Mice and Nutcrackers (2001) is based on Scrimger's own amateur theatrical career.

Mystical Rose (2000), a dementing woman's prayer and life, has no literal basis in Scrimger's own past or present – except, as he says, insofar as we are all only one corner away from personal disintegration.

Tundra Books provided the impetus for Scrimger's Bun Bun stories, illustrated by Gillian Johnson. These three picture books are very loosely based around his own kids' lives, borrowing in tone from Russell Hoban's books about Frances the badger.

Charlie Fairmile, in From Charlie's Point of View (2005), is blind because Scrimger liked the idea of a blind hero, and because Scrimger is extremely short-sighted himself.  From Charlie's Point of View was originally written as a 26-page TV script.  It took Scrimger a year to flesh it out into a book.

As a child, Scrimger lived in Scarborough. The creek at the bottom of his back yard became the setting for his 2007 novel, Into the Ravine.

His book, Me & Death: An Afterlife Adventure, appeared in April 2010.  Jim, a fourteen-year-old juvenile delinquent is run over by a car.  What follows is an adventure in the afterworld.

Richard Scrimger lives in Toronto, Ontario and teaches at the Humber College School for Writers in Toronto.  His children, now adults, are both his inspiration and the most important part of his life. He wrote a book in the seven series and the book was called ink me

Bibliography

Novels for Children

 The Way to Schenectady – 1998
 Of Mice & Nutcrackers – 2001
 From Charlie's Point of View – 2005
 Into the Ravine – 2007
 Ink Me - 2012
 The Wolf and Me - 2014

The Nose from Jupiter series
 The Nose From Jupiter  – 1998
 A Nose For Adventure – 2000
 Noses Are Red – 2002
 The Boy from Earth – 2004

Novels for Adults
 Crosstown – 1996
 Still Life With Children – 1997
 Mystical Rose –  2000

Picture books
 Bun Bun's Birthday – 2001
 Princess Bun Bun – 2002
 Eugene's Story – 2003

References
 CM magazine profile – incorporating material from a 1998 interview
Richard Scrimger at the Canadian Society of Children's Authors, Illustrators, and Performers (CANSCAIP.org)
Profile by Writers' Circle of Durham
Norbert's home page
BookLounge.ca Author Spotlight

External links

Humber School for Writers

1957 births
Canadian children's writers
Living people
Writers from Montreal


The Balkenkreuz ()
is a straight-armed cross that was first introduced in 1916–1918 and later became the emblem of the Wehrmacht (German Armed Forces) and its branches from 1935 until the end of World War II. It was used by the Wehrmacht Heer (Army), Luftwaffe (Air Force), and Kriegsmarine (Navy).

History
Balkenkreuz symbol is based on the cross of Teutonic Order. Germany's Luftstreitkräfte (the army air service of the German Imperial Army) first officially adopted the Balkenkreuz in mid-April 1918 (about a week before the death of Manfred von Richthofen), and used it from that time until World War I ended in November 1918. The IdFlieg directive of 20 March 1918 to all manufacturers states in the first sentence (translated to English): "To improve the recognition of our aircraft, the following is ordered: [...]". In paragraph 2, the second sentence specifies: "This alteration is to be carried out by 15 April 1918." The closing sentence reads: "Order 41390 is to be speedily executed."

Its use resumed, with new standardized dimensions, from the beginning of the Nazi Germany's air force (the Luftwaffe) in 1935, as part of the new Wehrmacht unified German military forces founded in mid-March 1935. German armored fighting vehicles (AFVs) during the invasion of Poland (September–October 1939) used a plain white cross, but before the onset of Operation Weserübung (April 1940), the black core cross with white "flanks" that the Luftwaffe used had become the basic German AFV national insignia, as used for the rest of the war (to 1945).

The Luftwaffe used two specifications for the Balkenkreuz:
 one with narrower white "flanks" on upper wing surfaces – before July 1939, it was used in all six regular positions on an airframe
 one with wider white "flanks" surrounding the same width (25% wide as long from end to end for both versions) central black cross beneath the wings and on the fuselage sides of German military aircraft during the war years

Late in World War II it became increasingly common for the Balkenkreuz national insignia to be painted on without the black-color "core cross", using only the quartet of right-angled "flanks" for its form to reduce its visibility – this could be done in either white or black, and with both the narrow and wide-flank forms of the cross.

Later use
The Balkenkreuz has not been used by the post-WWII German military. However, the Iron Cross used by today's German Bundeswehr unified defense forces inherits the four white, or lighter-colored, "flanks" of the Balkenkreuz that do not "cap" the ends of the cross in either case, but with the "flanks" following the flared arms of the earlier German Empire's cross pattée (Eisernes Kreuz/iron cross) instead, from the 1916-1918 era.

References

Cross symbols
Imperial German Army Air Service
Wehrmacht
Luftwaffe
Kriegsmarine

de:Schwarzes Kreuz (Symbol)


"Huffin" is an instrumental song written by Karl Jenkins and performed by Soft Machine.  It was only released as a live recording, on their album Alive & Well: Recorded in Paris (recorded July 1977, released 1978).  It is the last section of a suite of seven connecting songs which comprise the first side of the album, and is preceded by a short song titled "Puffin" which serves as an introduction to "Huffin".

The song is notable for its structure, and its function as a grand climax to the suite.  The main part of the song is a fast paced riff, a repeating pattern of notes that uses polyrhythms of high complexity.  Although the riff fits into the song's 4/4 time signature, it is sufficiently complex that, in order to follow the music, most listeners will need to memorize the riff and perceive the timing by the pattern, ignoring the time signature.  It is likely that the musicians had to do the same.

The riff is performed by all members of the group, playing the melody in unison, except for the violin played by Ric Sanders holding one high note.  There are no other harmonies or counter-melodies; even the drummer beats out the notes of the melody.  This is not too unusual for Soft Machine's music of this time, especially in the compositions of Karl Jenkins, and similar examples can be found throughout the album.  Even in the group's earlier days, when it consisted of completely different personnel from the group that performs "Huffin", melody lines were often played by several instruments in unison, and the music sometimes experimented with deliberately unsynchronized unison (several instruments playing the same melody, but out of sync with each other, sometimes wandering several bars apart), as explored on "Hope for Happiness": the first track on their first album, and on "Virtually" from their Fourth album.  The sound of unison playing was also simulated on several songs from their Seven album, by using a harmonizer to make one instrument sound like two, playing in unison.  But rarely, if ever, have virtually all instruments limited themselves to playing one melody in unison.

After several repeats of the riff, the music switches into a one-chord 4/4 jam with John Etheridge playing the lead solo on guitar.  The music switches between the two sections, but the riff is now reprised by just bass and drums, and Etheridge performs a virtuoso solo on top, which is particularly impressive if it is improvised, as it appears to be.

In the second half of the song, the riff appears again, but the solo is now performed by Ric Sanders on violin.  Although Sanders solos against the riff, his playing does not follow the timing of the riff for the most part (although there are a few short instances where it does), and he mostly performs free-form, ad libbing outside of the music's timing.

About a minute from the end, the music suddenly switches to a new riff which also uses complex polyrhythms.  The instrumentation is not as stringent as the first riff's, because in some parts, some instruments hold a sustained note while others continue the pattern.  Aside from that, all instruments play the melody together, as was done for the first riff, including John Marshall furiously beating out the timing on drums and cymbals, bringing the music to a sustained climax.  The song ends on a final note which holds while Sanders plays an ascending flourish on violin.

Personnel
John Marshall – drums, percussion
Karl Jenkins – piano, electric keyboards, synthesizer
John Etheridge – electric guitar
Ric Sanders – violin (credited as Rick Sanders)
Steve Cook – bass guitar

1978 songs
Instrumentals


Andrew Bain is a Scottish drummer and music educator. He is a senior lecturer at the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire, England.

References

External links

Scottish drummers
British male drummers
Living people
Musicians from Edinburgh
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Manhattan School of Music alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Whirlwind Recordings artists


Luigi Guanella (19 December 1842 – 24 October 1915) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained a priest on May 26, 1866 in Como, and was assigned to a small parish in Savogno. Luigi is the founder of several religious institutes: the Daughters of Saint Mary of Providence (1890) and the Servants of Charity (24 March 1908) alongside his friends David Albertario and Giuseppe Toniolo. Guanella also founded the Pious Union of Saint Joseph (1914) with his supporter and first member Pope Pius X. These religious communities focused on the relief of the poor throughout the world. The Servants of Charity motto reads "In Omnibus Charitas" ("In all things Love"), which became the cornerstone for Guanella's own life.

His older sister was the Servant of God Caterina Guanella (25 March 1841 - 13 June 1891).

Guanella received beatification on 25 October 1964 from Pope Paul VI and was canonized as saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 23 October 2011 in a celebration that Pope Benedict XVI celebrated in Saint Peter's Square.

Sanctification

Process and Venerable
The informative process for the sanctification cause commenced in Como on 1 February 1923 and had been tasked in compiling available evidence and documentation that could establish both a biographical profile and reasons that would attest to the late priest's saintliness; the process closed on 21 May 1929. Theologians compiled all of his writings and were assigned to ascertain whether or not his texts were in line with the magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church; the team approved them all in a decree of 12 July 1932.

The formal introduction of the cause came on 15 March 1939 - during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII - in which the honorific title of Servant of God was granted to Guanella as the first official stage in the process.

The apostolic process that opened after this formal introduction was held also in Como and spanned from 27 June 1940 and concluded its business on 10 October 1941. Both processes were taken to Rome to the Congregation of Rites for validation on 13 April 1945.

The late priest was proclaimed to be Venerable on 6 April 1962 after Pope John XXIII acknowledged the fact that Guanella had lived a model Christian life of exemplified heroic virtue.

Beatification
The informative diocesan process for the first miracle needed for beatification opened in the Diocese of Como on 20 November 1942 and closed on 28 November 1942. The informative process for the second miracle needed opened in Vittorio Veneto on 29 November 1942 and closed after less than a week on 2 December 1942. The two processes were validated on 27 July 1962 while both miracles received formal papal approval on 15 July 1964.

On 25 October 1964 - in Saint Peter's Basilica - Pope Paul VI beatified Luigi Guanella.

Canonization
The third miracle that would result in eventual canonization was investigated in the diocese of its origin in the United States of America and the process concluded its assignment on 19 February 2007. It received validation on 20 April 2007 which enabled the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to commence their own investigation into the alleged miracle. The medical board approved it on 12 November 2009 while theologians followed suit on 30 January 2010. The C.C.S. also granted assent on 20 April 2010 while Pope Benedict XVI gave his final approval to the miracle on 1 July 2010.

Benedict XVI canonized Luigi Guanella as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 23 October 2011.

Second miracle
According to Catholic News Service (CNS) the miracle needed for his canonization was the healing of an adult male - William Glisson (who was 21 at the time of his accident and is now married) - from the United States of America who had fallen over a hole and hit his head while skating backward without a helmet rollerblading down the Baltimore Pike in Springfield. He needed two separate skull surgeries and was in a coma for a fortnight with a grave prognosis. A doctor - who was both a friend and worked at a rehabilitation center that the Opera Don Guanella ran - gave Glisson's mother two relics of the late priest. The Opera's website stated that Glisson was released from the hospital less than a month after the accident and returned to work just seven months later in what was seen as a rapid healing for someone in his condition.

Postulator
The assigned postulator at the time of the canonization was the Rev. Mario Carrera.

References

1842 births
1915 deaths
19th-century venerated Christians
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
20th-century venerated Christians
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
Beatifications by Pope Paul VI
Canonizations by Pope Benedict XVI
Founders of Catholic religious communities
Italian Roman Catholic saints
People from the Province of Sondrio
Venerated Catholics


Niels Roth Heyerdahl Werring (4 August 1897 – 19 August 1990) was a Norwegian ship-owner. He was the senior director the shipping company Wilh. Wilhelmsen Holding ASA.

Werring was born at Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. He was the son of Edvard Werring (1857-1949) and Gina Mathea Heyerdahl (1872-1948).  His family operated a company dealing in dried and salted cod. After graduating from the Oslo Commerce School (Oslo Handelsgymnasium) in 1916, he stayed for a few years in the United States and Brazil, as a representative of the family business.

In 1926, he was married to Else Heyerdahl  Wilhelmsen  (1905–1989),  daughter of Halfdan Wilhelmsen (1864–1923) and granddaughter of Wilhelm Wilhelmsen, founder of one of the country's largest shipping company.
They were the parents of three children. From 1930 to 1990,  family members resided at the  Munkebakken estate on Fornebu in Bærum.

Werring became a co-owner in the company Wilh. Wilhelmsen in 1930, a senior partner in 1955 and senior director from 1958 to 1973. He also sat in the board of a number of Norwegian shipping, industrial and trading companies, including the central government  of the Norwegian Shipowners' Association (1945-47).  Additionally he was  a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group (Bilderberg-gruppen).

References

1897 births
1990 deaths
People from Kristiansund
Norwegian business executives
Norwegian businesspeople in shipping
Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group


Slade in Flame (also known as Flame) is a 1975 film starring the British rock band Slade. It was directed by Richard Loncraine and written by Andrew Birkin with additional dialogue by Dave Humphries. The film includes supporting roles by Tom Conti, Alan Lake and Johnny Shannon. In November 1974, the band's soundtrack album of the same name was released prior to the film.

The film charts the history of "Flame", a fictitious group in the late 1960s who are picked up by a marketing company and taken to the top, only to break up at their zenith. Described as the "Citizen Kane of rock musicals" by BBC film critic Mark Kermode, the film went on to achieve critical acclaim years after the mixed feelings on its original release.

Slade in Flame has been released in VHS and DVD form, and was re-mastered and released in its original Cinemascope wide-screen format on DVD for the first time in 2007. The set also featured the soundtrack album. In 2015, Salvo Sound & Vision issued a repackaged CD + DVD version of the album and film.

A paperback book was released, based on the film, written by John Pidgeon. It was the largest printing that the publisher Panther had done for the home market at 250,000 copies.

Plot
In the beginning, the future members of Flame are playing in two rival bands. The first band includes singer Jack Daniels (Alan Lake), guitarist Barry (Dave Hill) and bassist Paul (Jim Lea). They are managed by a local agency run by Ron Harding (Johnny Shannon). The other band, Roy Priest and the Undertakers, is fronted by Stoker (Noddy Holder). Soon after playing a wedding gig, Daniels' band auditions for a new drummer and take on Charlie (Don Powell). Playing at a small venue, the band runs into the Undertakers, who are the following act that night. The Undertakers' performance is ruined after Daniels locks Stoker in his stage coffin. Having stopped at a roadside cafe after leaving the venue, Daniels and his band, along with Barry's girlfriend Angie (Sara Clee), are forced to make a hasty getaway when the Undertakers arrive looking for them. A car chase results in Daniels crashing and the police arresting both bands.

In the cell at the local police station, Paul is properly introduced to Stoker. Soon after their release, he visits him at his market job to offer him Daniels' place in the band. Stoker agrees to take the part, with the Undertakers having disbanded. Meanwhile, Barry approaches his friend Russell (Anthony Allen), who agrees to his offer of becoming their roadie. The newly-formed band soon play their first performance at a small club, which is seen by both Harding and a talent scout Tony Devlin (Kenneth Colley). After the show, an argument develops between Harding and Stoker, resulting in Harding dropping them from his agency.  Soon afterwards, Stoker receives a letter from Devlin, on behalf of a London-based agency run by Robert Seymour (Tom Conti). Offering to take on the band, they travel to London to meet Seymour and agree to sign with his agency.

Now named "Flame", the band release their first record, which quickly becomes a hit. As part of its promotion, they arrive by boat to a pirate radio station "Radio City", based in the Thames estuary. During their interview on the Ricky Storm Show (Tommy Vance), the station is attacked by gunfire and the band escape by helicopter. The resulting front page news boosts their publicity, pushing further sales of their hit record. The new-found fame brings pressure on the members, who are busy with constant touring and recording. At a record company party to celebrate the band's fifth hit record, which had just gone Silver, their former agent Harding turns up to inform Seymour that they are still under contract to his agency and tries to stake a claim to their earnings. Setting up a meeting with Harding at his office, Seymour uses Daniels to get hold of the band's contract with Harding. Daniels is successful in stealing it and after the meeting with Seymour, Harding is unable to produce proof of his contract with the band. Realising Daniels was recently in the office to collect his work schedule, Harding soon sends his thugs to retrieve the contract. Finding Daniels, the thugs sever his toes after discovering the money he was paid for stealing the contract.

Meanwhile, Flame are in the studio with Seymour and Devlin, trying to record new material. However, the forming factions within the group continue, particularly between Stoker and Paul. After being sent out to buy some beverages, Russell is confronted by Harding's thugs, who give him photographs of Daniels' injuries. On his return to the studio, Russell informs Seymour, who chooses to ignore the threat and Russell then decides to quit as roadie. Soon after, Harding turns up unexpectedly at Seymour's office, who angrily turns him away. On the final date of their sell-out tour, Flame continue struggling with escalating tensions between Stoker and Paul. Ultimately, after the show, Paul decides to leave the band, packs and heads home. Having appeared briefly backstage at Flame's concert, Seymour and his family return home, only to find Harding's thugs have trashed his daughter's bedroom, leaving a teddy ripped apart with "rock a bye baby" written in red paint on the wall above. The following morning at the hotel, Harding arrives to inform Stoker that Seymour has relinquished the band's contract to Harding. However, Stoker then reveals they have split up and exits the room.

Cast
Noddy Holder – Stoker
Jim Lea – Paul
Dave Hill – Barry
Don Powell – Charlie
Tom Conti – Robert Seymour
Alan Lake – Jack Daniels
Johnny Shannon – Ron Harding
Kenneth Colley – Tony Devlin
Anthony Allen – Russell
Sara Clee – Angie

Background
By 1974, Slade had become a big success in the UK, Europe and beyond; however the band felt that continuing to provide 'more of the same' was not what they wanted to do. The band's manager Chas Chandler suggested that Slade do a movie, to which the band agreed. They dismissed the idea of "a Hard Day's Night sort of slapstick, speeded-up film, runaround type thing" as too obvious. Slade were offered a number of suggestions for a movie screenplay, such as Quite a Mess, a comedy reworking of The Quatermass Experiment, where Dave Hill would be the experiment of the title, only to be killed off by a "Triffid thing" in the first fifteen minutes.

Rather than producing a film portraying the band's "happy-go-lucky" image, the band accepted Slade in Flame, as "a sort of behind-the-scenes, nitty-gritty look at the rock 'n' roll business". The approved screenplay from Andrew Birkin depicted the rise and fall of a fictional 1960s group called Flame. However, the band felt that the original story failed to capture the true feel of the music industry. They decided to invite Birkin and director Richard Loncraine to join the band on their tour in America for six weeks so that they could experience the live shows and, while travelling between locations, record anecdotes from Slade about themselves and other bands. Most of these anecdotes, about incidents that had happened to both Slade and other bands, would be incorporated into the script for Flame. Examples included the lead singer of one band being locked in a coffin, which happened in real life to Screaming Lord Sutch, and another being "roughed up" by associates of his former agent who still had a claim on the band.

To accompany the film, lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea began writing material for a soundtrack album, which would continue to see the band break out of their successful formula and try different musical ideas. Having completed their fifth U.S. tour, the band spent a month recording the new album. Released in November 1974, the Slade in Flame album reached No. 6 in the UK, and included the two hit singles "Far Far Away" and "How Does It Feel".

Release
Released in January 1975, Slade in Flame was met with a mixed response, particularly from fans who did not expect the band to produce a film with a bleak and sour atmosphere. The band also began to suffer a commercial decline from this time. Later, the band felt that the amount of time they were out of the public eye making the film could have contributed to their chart decline, and that the gritty "reality" of the movie may have done Slade more harm than good. In 1979, Holder recalled: "It just took such a big chunk out of our career, we didn't tour for a long time, we were not able to record for a long time, or write." In 2007, he added: "The teen audience didn't get it – we half expected that to happen but it was no good us catering for that audience. Making a movie was a totally different ball game to anything we'd done before – we could not make a credible movie and expect it to entertain that young market of ours."

The premiere of the movie was held at The Metropole Theatre, Victoria in London on 13 February 1975. The skies that evening were lit up by searchlights and the band arrived on back of a vintage fire engine. Guests in attendance were Lynsey de Paul, Chas Chandler, Alan Lake and his wife Diana Dors, Lulu, Roy Wood, The Sweet, Gary Glitter, Alan Price and his wife, Kiki Dee, Rosko, The Troggs and their wives, Jeff Relle, Colin Blunstone, Susan Hanson, Barry Blue, Mud, Bill Oddie, Arrows, Suzi Quatro and Pilot.

Reception
Upon release, Sounds said: "Slade play themselves at least as well as they usually do, and in Noddy Holder in particular, they have a natural scene-stealer. Flame is basically the same old story, told more accurately and wittingly. Unlike Stardust, it has strong music and stage image at the centre of it all, proving that Slade haven't lost their touch, and the music shines through." Disc commented: "I found the film interesting, purely to judge Slade's acting talents. Noddy came out best. He obviously found the whole thing a cinch, and was surprisingly natural. Don was good too. Jim was runner-up, and gave a fair performance. A film that Slade fans can't miss, a film that will make very interesting viewing if you like to see a handful of scenes that go behind the making of a pop star. Judge for yourself!"

The film received its first broadcast on British TV in December 1987, which was followed by a number of reviews in the press. Today wrote: "The pop group Slade in surprisingly sharp satire about the rise and fall of a band – not entirely unlike themselves." London Evening Standard commented: "Old hat story of a pop groups rise and fall given some mild interest by the clash between the band and the manager's background. Otherwise listen to the soundtrack." The Guardian said: "Shrewdly discerning examination of the mid-Sixties pop music scene using the rise and fall of a band played by Slade to comment sharply on media manipulation and the strain of snatched success."

In a retrospective DVD review, Joe Geesin of the webzine Get Ready to Rock! wrote: "Slade – you either love them or hate them, but if you're a fan this DVD is essential viewing. Issued in the USA, it's well worth picking up, because the music at least ends up pretty good, and the gags are good too." In 2012, Fife Today commented: "The members of Slade equip themselves surprisingly well as actors, Noddy Holder being the pick of the bunch. This excellent film stands up well as both a document of the music industry's less appealing side and as a snapshot of late 60s working class Britain. And of course, the music is superb." In 2007, Classic Rock listed the film at No. 42 in the "Hollywood Rocks: 50 Greatest Rock Movies" list.

In 2007, BBC film critic Mark Kermode called it the "Citizen Kane of rock musicals" and included its soundtrack among the 50 greatest soundtracks in cinema's history. Later in 2012, he selected the film as a Kermode Uncut Film Club choice on his BBC film blog.

References

External links

1975 films
British comedy films
Films directed by Richard Loncraine
1975 directorial debut films
1970s British films


Flossmoor Golf Club is a private country club located in Bloom Township, Cook County, just outside the village limits of Flossmoor, Illinois. Founded in 1899 as Homewood Country Club and designed by Herbert J. Tweedie, its name was later changed to Flossmoor.

The club hosted the PGA Championship in 1920, which Jock Hutchison won. Flossmoor also was host to the 1923 U.S. Amateur Championship.

Bobby Jones held the course record for over 60 years. Jones often played Midwest courses during World War II in an attempt to help raise money for the American Red Cross. Jones's feat occurred after making a triple bogey, and then following it up with eight consecutive 3's for a course record of 66. This record held until 1996, when a member, Mark Egge, broke it with a 65.

References

External links

Golf clubs and courses in Illinois
Sports venues in Cook County, Illinois
1899 establishments in Illinois


Nitzan Horowitz (; Transliterated: ; born 24 February 1965) is a politician and former journalist who served as Israel's Minister of Health from 2021 to 2022. He is the former leader of Meretz. He previously was the chief U.S. correspondent and commentator for the Israeli News Company, known as Channel 2 News.

He served two full terms in the Knesset (2009–2015) on the Meretz list. Before being elected to the Knesset, he was the Foreign Affairs commentator and head of the International desk at Hadashot 10, the news division of Channel 10. In 2013, he ran for mayor of Tel Aviv. In June 2019, he won the Meretz leadership election, ans served as the Minister of Health. In July 2022, he announced that he would step down as Meretz's leader.

Early life
Horowitz was born in Rishon LeZion in 1965. He graduated from Tel Aviv University Law School and began working as a journalist. He supported the International Criminal Court's probe into Israel's alleged war crimes.

Journalism career
In his early career, he served as a military affairs reporter during the latter phase of the 1982 Lebanon war, as well as the international news editor at Army Radio from 1983 to 1987. In 1987, he began working at the Hadashot newspaper as the foreign affairs editor. In 1989, he moved to Haaretz, working as the foreign affairs editor. He served as a Haaretz correspondent in Paris between 1993 and 1998, covering the European Union, and as a Haaretz correspondent in Washington, D. C., from 1998 until 2001. After returning to Israel, Horowitz served as the chief foreign affairs columnist for Haaretz.

When Hadashot 10 began broadcasting on January 2002, Horowitz established its international desk. His work there included creating documentary films following the tsunami disaster in eastern Asia and the failed search for Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan. He made regular appearances on Hadashot 10's current affairs show, London et Kirschenbaum, for which he provided reports and analysis of global news.

In 2008, Horowitz created and directed a documentary series for Channel 10, titled WORLD: The Next Generation – Nitzan Horowitz in search of tomorrow. The series followed major trends that could shape the future of the world in the coming decades, including the ageing crisis, urban sustainability, immigration, construction and industrial development in China, and the high-technology revolution in India.

Horowitz served as a board member of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel. He was also active in environmental issues; in 2007, he received the Pratt Prize for Environmental Journalism.

Political career
In December 2008, he resigned from Channel 10 and became a Meretz candidate in the 2009 legislative elections. In the party primaries, he gained the third slot on the joint list of the New Movement and Meretz. He said: "My goal is to continue to do what I have been talking about over the past years, from protecting the seashore to promoting more sophisticated, non-polluting public transportation." Meretz won three seats in the elections, making Horowitz the second openly gay Knesset member in Israeli history, and the only openly gay member of the eighteenth Knesset. The first, Uzi Even, had also been a member of Meretz. On 16 February 2009, he announced a plan to bring to the Knesset a bill that would allow marriages or civil unions between two partners, regardless of their religion, ethnic background, or gender. Before being sworn into the Knesset, he was told to annul his Polish citizenship, which he had obtained due to his father's origins and had used as a journalist to enter countries that Israelis have difficulty entering.

In 2009, he announced that he would boycott all of the events related to Pope Benedict XVI's visit to Israel, saying that in his opinion, the pope bore a message of "rigidness, religious extremism, and imperviousness. Of all the Pope's injustices, the worst is his objection to disseminating contraceptives in Third World countries. It's hard to assess how many miserable men and women in Africa, Asia, and South America have contracted AIDS because of this Philistine attitude, but we are talking about many". He also published a two-part opinion piece on Ynetnews explaining his position.

Horowitz was re-elected to the Knesset in the January 2013 elections. In October 2013, he ran for mayor of Tel Aviv against long-time incumbent Ron Huldai. He lost, receiving 38% of the vote to Huldai's 53%. In 2014, he was given the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award by the Israel Democracy Institute.

He did not stand in the 2015 elections.

In June 2019, Horowitz successfully challenged incumbent Tamar Zandberg for the leadership of Meretz, which made Meretz the first Israeli party to elect an openly gay person as its leader. Horowitz led the party during the September 2019 Israeli legislative election. In 2021, he became Minister of Health in Naftali Bennett's cabinet. He resigned his Knesset seat to ultimately join the public sector he served in his ministerial position. Under Israel's Norwegian Law and was replaced by Michal Rozin.

Horowitz used a government circular to ban conversion therapy in February 2022. He supports Bernie Sanders, who calls for conditional aid to Israel, and is reluctant to display his Jewishness and is completely irreligious, as noted in his speeches to the liberal Jewish movement J Street; he has been criticized for his criticism of Israel.
He also contributed to a coalition crisis in the Bennett–Lapid government by complying with an Israeli High Court decision that determined the government cannot prohibit visitors from bringing hametz into hospitals during Passover. After this action and amid secret talks with Benjamin Netanyahu, Yamina MK Idit Silman left the coalition, leaving it shy of a majority and unable to pass legislation.

Following the Knesset's dissolution and new elections scheduled for November 2022, Horowitz announced that he would step down as leader of Meretz.

Personal life
Horowitz was the first openly gay party leader in Israel. He resides in Tel Aviv with his life partner.

References

External links

"WORLD: The Next Generation – Nitzan Horowitz In Search of Tomorrow" – official website
World: The Next Generation ("Across Borders") in the DocAviv Film Festival
"We want more of Nitzan Horowitz" – OneJerusalem.com

1965 births
Living people
20th-century Israeli journalists
21st-century Israeli journalists
Gay politicians
Gay journalists
Israeli gay writers
Israeli environmentalists
Israeli male journalists
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Jewish Israeli politicians
Gay Jews
Israeli LGBT journalists
LGBT members of the Knesset
Israeli LGBT rights activists
Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013)
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
Members of the 22nd Knesset (2019–2020)
Members of the 23rd Knesset (2020–2021)
Members of the 24th Knesset (2021–2022)
Ministers of Health of Israel
Meretz leaders
People from Rishon LeZion
Tel Aviv University alumni
20th-century Israeli Jews
21st-century Israeli Jews
20th-century Israeli LGBT people
21st-century Israeli LGBT people


The Heim Peninsula is located on the southern coast of Ellesmere Island, a part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. The Sydkap Fiord is to the west, and the Harbour Fiord is to the east. Landslip Island is approximately  off the southeastern shore.

The Inuit hamlet of Grise Fiord (Aujuittuq, "Place That Never Thaws") is approximately  to the east.

References

Ellesmere Island
Peninsulas of Qikiqtaaluk Region


The Yakovlev Yak-20 ()  was an experimental piston-engined trainer developed in the Soviet Union in 1949. It did not go into production.

Design and development
In 1949 the Yak-20 was designed by the Yakovlev OKB for use with aviation clubs as a trainer and sport aircraft. Intended to be the cheapest modern aircraft that could serve as a useful pilot trainer and aerobatic sport aircraft, the Yak-20 was intended to be considerably cheaper to build and operate than the contemporary Yak-18.

Though structurally similar to the Yak-18, the Yak-20 had a welded steel tube fuselage which was skinned with aluminium alloy sheet and fabric, with aluminium alloy wings, skinned in metal back to the single spar, and fabric aft of the spar. Accommodation was side by side under a large blown canopy, which slid open to the rear. The cockpit had dual stick controls, with the pilot sitting on the left. There was a central push-pull throttle, and simple gyro instruments. The engine was the newly developed Ivchenko AI-10 five-cylinder radial. This engine was small and extremely light. It was rated at 80 hp, driving a V-515 controllable-pitch counterweight propeller. Fuel was carried in two 35 liter (7.7 gallon) tanks in the wing roots, ahead of the single spar.

Operational history
The Yak-20 was designed from the start to be fully aerobatic with very high spin resistance. The two prototypes were tested by pilots Anokhin and Georgii Shiyanov, and later by DOSAAF pilots, as well as a succession of leading aerobatic sport pilots who were invited to fly it. All were eager to see it put into production. State Acceptance trials followed, but the State evaluation team considered the Yak-20 too small and underpowered, recommending a redesign to match the performance of the Yak-18. Some of the criticisms of the State evaluation team were addressed in the second prototype, (Yak-20-2), which, as a result, became heavier and lost the performance edge of the first prototype. With Yak-18 production already in full swing, production of the Yak-20 was deemed superfluous. The final blow came when production of the small Ivchenko AI-10 engine was cancelled.

Variants
Yak-20-1
First Prototype.
Yak-20-2
Second Prototype

Specifications  (Yak-20-1)

See also

References

External links
Yakovlev Yak-20

1940s Soviet civil trainer aircraft
Yak-020
Aerobatic aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1949


Gudmund Saxrud (27 January 1920 – 15 January 2003) was a Norwegian civil servant and diplomat.

He was born in Stange. Having graduated as cand.oecon. in 1948, he was hired as an assisting secretary in the Ministry of Trade, and worked there until 1958. From 1963 to 1965 he worked at the European Free Trade Association Secretariat in Geneva, only to return to the Norwegian Ministry of Trade. He was Vice a sub-director in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1970 to 1972, Vice Secretary-General of the Nordic Council of Ministers from 1972 to 1977, and Secretary-General of the Nordic Council from 1977 to 1982. After this he has worked as an advisor.

References

1920 births

2003 deaths
Norwegian civil servants
Norwegian diplomats
People from Stange
Norwegian expatriates in Switzerland


Pelham Country Club is a country club located in Pelham Manor in Westchester County, New York. The club hosted the PGA Championship in 1923, in which Gene Sarazen defeated Walter Hagen after 38 holes of play.

History
In 1900, Dr. Charles Ripley Gillett and his brother bought clubs and balls, planted cans in the ground of a cow pasture and proceeded to teach themselves the game of golf, which had recently been introduced into the United States from Scotland. Soon after, the first Pelham Country Club was formed. This club laid out a nine-hole course on the rolling meadows known as the 'Carson Place'. Dr. Edward P. Fowler of New York City bought the Carson place as a summer home. He lived in the farmhouse and rented the grounds to the Pelham Country Club for a golf course.

After some time Dr. Fowler decided to divide his property and the club had to look for a new home. The members explored the possibilities of the Disbrow Farm located far out in the rural northern end of New Rochelle. It comprised 180 acres of level land, which had been under cultivation for several years. After much discussion, the Pelham Country Club made the move to what would then be called the 'Wykagyl Golf Club'.

A few years later Mr. George Phelps started another Pelham Country Club. In 1908 the members decided to expand their club quarters and in 1919 it was decided to convert the Country Club into a Golf Club. Devereux Emmet a noted golf architect from Pelham, NY, was commissioned to lay out the 18-hole course. Construction was started in 1920, and the course was ready by July 1921.

The official opening of the golf course was on July 11–12, 1921, when the British Open Golf Champion Jock Hutchison, and the English golf stars Abe Mitchell and George Duncan played the course with an immense gallery following them. In September 1923, the PGA Championship was played at Pelham Country Club with golf's most prominent players participating. Gene Sarazen and Walter Hagen stole the show, when they finished even-up in the 3-hold final, and went on to extra holes.

References

External links
 Official site

Pelham, New York
Geography of New Rochelle, New York
Sports in New Rochelle, New York
Golf clubs and courses in New York (state)
Sports venues in Westchester County, New York
Golf clubs and courses designed by Devereux Emmet
1921 establishments in New York (state)


The World Group was the highest level of Davis Cup competition in 2009. The first-round losers went into the Davis Cup World Group play-offs, and the winners progress to the quarterfinals. The quarterfinalists were guaranteed a World Group spot for 2010.

Participating teams

Draw

First round

Argentina vs. Netherlands

Czech Republic vs. France

United States vs. Switzerland

Croatia vs. Chile

Sweden vs. Israel

Controversy and riots

Sweden attracted controversy when they forbade fans from seeing the matches inside the Baltic Hall, fearing anti-Israeli violence. Several Swedish politicians, including the mayor of Malmö and the head of the Green Party, said that they wanted to cancel the match instead of having an Israeli team play in the city, but after it was strongly pointed out that Sweden would suffer a forfeit loss and immediate elimination from the Cup tournament, the prospect of a cancellation was nixed. A proposal to move the matches to Stockholm fell through because of limited preparation time. Israeli player Andy Ram condemned the switch, calling it a "stupid decision". In the end, anti-Israel protesters rioted outside the stadium while the Swedish team was stunned when Israel defeated them.

The Davis Cup fined the Swedish tennis federation $25,000 and ordered them to pay an additional $15,000 in what would have been gate receipts. The city of Malmö was also banned from hosting Davis Cup matches for the next five years, and Sweden will lose its choice of venue if it happens again, being required to guarantee that future matches will be open to the public.

Romania vs. Russia

Germany vs. Austria

Spain vs. Serbia

Quarterfinals

Czech Republic vs. Argentina

Croatia vs. United States

Israel vs. Russia

Spain vs. Germany

Semifinals

Croatia vs. Czech Republic

Spain vs. Israel

Final

Spain vs. Czech Republic

References

World Group
Davis Cup World Group


The 2008 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 22nd edition of the Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Palais des Sports de Gerland in Lyon, France, from 20 October through 26 October 2008.

The singles line up featured ATP No. 8, US Open quarterfinalist, San Jose, Dubai and Beijing champion, Los Angeles runner-up Andy Roddick, Stuttgart finalist Richard Gasquet, and Australian Open runner-up, Bangkok winner Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. Also present were Casablanca, Indianapolis and Bucharest titlist Gilles Simon, Båstad winner Tommy Robredo, Ivo Karlović, Robin Söderling and Paul-Henri Mathieu.

Seventh-seeded Robin Söderling won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Robin Söderling defeated  Julien Benneteau, 6–3, 6–7(5–7), 6–1
It was Robin Söderling's 1st title of the year, and his 3rd overall. It was his 2nd win at the event.

Doubles

 Michaël Llodra /  Andy Ram defeated  Stephen Huss /  Ross Hutchins, 6–3, 5–7, [10–8]

References

External links
Official website

Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon


VEF Rīga may refer to:
BK VEF Rīga, a Latvian basketball team
FK VEF Rīga, a defunct Latvian football team


The Three Apples (), or The Tale of the Murdered Woman (), is a story contained in the One Thousand and One Nights collection (also known as the "Arabian Nights"). It is a first-level story, being told by Scheherazade herself, and contains one second-level story, the Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son. It occurs early in the Arabian Nights narrative, being started during night 19, after the Tale of the Portress. The Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son starts during night 20, and the cycle ends during night 25, when Scheherazade starts the Tale of the Hunchback.

Plot summary
A fisherman discovers a heavy locked chest along the Tigris river.  He sells it to the Abbasid Caliph, Harun al-Rashid, who then has the chest broken open only to find inside it the dead body of a young woman who was cut into pieces. Harun orders his vizier, Ja'far ibn Yahya, to solve the crime and find the murderer within three days or else he will have him executed. Ja'far, however, despairs of his inability to find the culprit and remains in his home for all three days. On the fourth day, Harun is about to have Ja'far executed for his failure when two men appear, one a handsome young man and the other an old man, both claiming to be the murderer. They argue and call each other liars as each attempts to claim responsibility for the crime. This continues until the young man proves that he is the murderer by accurately describing the chest in which the woman was found.

The young man reveals that he was her husband and the old man her father, who was attempting to save his son-in-law by taking the blame. Harun then demands to know his motives for murdering his wife, and the young man answers. He eulogizes her as a faultless wife and mother of his three children, and describes how one day, she requested a rare apple while being ill. This prompted him on a two-week-long journey to Basra, where he found three such apples at the Caliph's orchard. On his return to Baghdad, he found out that she was too ill to eat them. When he returned to work at his shop, he discovered a slave passing by with a similar apple. He asked him about it and the slave replied that he received it from his girlfriend, who had three such apples, which her husband found for her after a half-month journey. The young man then suspected his wife of unfaithfulness, rushed home, and demanded to know how many apples she still had. After finding one of them missing, he drew a knife and killed her. He then attempted to get rid of the evidence by cutting her body to pieces, wrapping it in multiple layers of shawls and carpets, hiding her body in a locked chest, and abandoning it in the Tigris river. After he returned home, his son confessed to him that he had stolen one of the apples, and a slave had taken it and run off with it. The boy has told the slave about his father's quest for the three apples. Out of guilt, the young man concludes his story by requesting Harun to execute him for his unjust murder. Harun, however, refuses to punish the young man out of sympathy, and instead sets Ja'far on a new assignment: to find the tricky slave who caused the tragedy within three days, or be executed for his failure.

Ja'far yet again remains home for all three days and fails to find the culprit before the deadline has passed. He is summoned to be executed for his failure. As he bids farewell to all his family members, he hugs his beloved youngest daughter last. It is then, by complete accident, that he discovers a round object in her pocket which she reveals to be an apple with the name of the Caliph written on it. In the story's twist ending, the girl reveals that she brought it from their slave, Rayhan. Ja'far thus realizes that his own slave was the culprit all along. He then finds Rayhan and solves the case as a result. Ja'far, however, pleads to Harun to forgive his slave and, in exchange, narrates to him the Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and His Son Badr al-Dín Hasan. The Caliph, amazed by the story, pardons the slave. To console the young man who mistakenly killed the wife he loved, the Caliph offers one of his own slaves for a wife, showers him with gifts and cherishes him until his death.

Analysis
The story has been described as a "quintessential murder mystery" by . Suspense is generated through multiple revelations that occur as the story progresses.

The main difference between Ja'far and later fictional detectives, such as Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot, is that Ja'far has no actual desire to solve the case. The whodunit mystery is not solved via detective work; rather via the murderer himself confessing his crime. This in turn leads to another assignment in which Ja'far has to find the culprit who instigated the murder within three days or else be executed. He fails again, but owing to chance, he discovers a key item. In the end, he manages to solve the case through reasoning in order to prevent his own execution.

According to Marzolph, the tale is present in "the oldest surviving manuscript" of the Arabian Nights compilation, and is considered to be part of "the core corpus" of the book.

Notes

Sources

Wikisource:The Tale of the Three Apples
"The Three Apples", Burton's translation

One Thousand and One Nights


Alto Velo Island (; also called Alta Vela Island) is a small uninhabited island south of the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea. Its maximum height is about  above sea level. It lies on an underwater mountain range which continues to Beata Island (about  away, separated by the Alto Velo Channel) and the
southwestern coast of the Dominican Republic. It has an area of  and is  long, being oval in shape.

Location
It is located about  southwest of Santo Domingo, and  south of Pedernales, making it the southernmost point of the Dominican Republic, a distinction sometimes claimed by Beata Island.

Government
The island is part of the province of Pedernales in the Dominican Republic.

Conservation
Alto Velo and Beata Islands belong to the Jaragua National Park, the largest protected area in the Caribbean region.

History

The island was visited by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage in 1494; his crew caught and killed seabirds and eight Caribbean monk seals on the island, which he named  because from a distance it looked like a tall ship at sail.

In 1863, the Confederate commerce raider CSS Alabama captured and burned at sea the Boston-based schooner Chatelaine off the coast of Alto Velo Island.

In the 1860s, at least three U.S.-based companies claimed the island under the Guano Islands Act; however, the U.S. Department of State determined that the island, despite lying in an area then-disputed between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, likely belonged to the Dominican Republic (due to historical Spanish claims, geography, and other factors) and therefore could not be claimed under the act. A 1932 U.S. Department of State report on the status of Guano Island Act claims included Alto Velo among the islands "to which the United States has no claim."

Dominican officials authorized foreign concessionaires to mine guano from the island until the early 20th century, when synthetic fertilizers became common. A 1950 botanical expedition to Alto Velo noted that "the scars of the mining operations on the leeward slopes of the island" remained visible and that "artifacts of mining still litter portions of the hill."

See also

 List of lighthouses in the Dominican Republic
 Alto Velo Claim
 List of Guano Island claims

References

Further reading

 List of Lights, Buoys and Fog Signals Atlantic Coast. Retrieved 8 September 2016

Geography of Pedernales Province
Uninhabited islands of the Dominican Republic
Caribbean islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act
Protected areas of the Dominican Republic
Lighthouses in the Dominican Republic


Harald Martin Bergmann Madsen (20 November 1890 – 13 July 1949) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 51 films between 1917 and 1948. Harald Madsen was a part of the Danish comedian couple Fyrtårnet og Bivognen (Fy og Bi), known as "Long & Short" in the United Kingdom and "Ole & Axel" in the United States, alongside his partner Carl Schenstrøm (Fy).

He was born in Silkeborg, Denmark and died in Usseroed, Denmark.

Selected filmography
 Sons in Law (1926)
 Cocktails (1928)
 Alf's Carpet (1929)
 Højt paa en kvist (1929)
 I kantonnement (1932)
 Han, hun og Hamlet (1932)
 Circus Saran (1935)
 The Pale Count (1937)
 I de gode, gamle dage (1940)

References

External links

 Photographs and literature

1890 births
1949 deaths
Danish male film actors
Danish male silent film actors
20th-century Danish male actors
People from Silkeborg


VEF Rīga (later known as DAG Rīga) was a football club in Latvia, one of the strongest teams in the Latvian league between 1945 and 1994.

Team history

A football club connected to the VEF plant was founded in the mid 1930s, in 1939 it first won promotion to the top Latvian league by beating Ventspils Stars 6:2 in the playoff final. VEF was the only Latvian football club to keep its name through the 1940s – it played in the Latvian league under German occupation and it remained where after the second Russian occupation. The Soviet era was the best for the club: VEF won six Latvian titles between 1970 and 1983, it was also a 3-time winner of the Latvian Football Cup. The first half of the 1970s was the best period in the club's history when it won five of its titles, one cup and also reached the cup final three times. In that period VEF was managed by former FK Daugava Rīga star player Georgijs Smirnovs. Another retired Daugava forward, Nikolajs Jermakovs, played in the team's attack.

When Latvia regained independence and the VEF plant was rapidly losing its former glory, the football team was also affected. However, it managed to finish 3rd in the first season of Virslīga. After the 1992 Virslīga season the club was renamed VEF-Zenta Rīga, the name of the club's new sponsor. In 1994 it played as DAG Rīga and finished third for the second time. The former VEF team ceased to exist in Riga in 1995 with the merger of DAG with Olimpija Liepāja under the name DAG Liepāja. However through the merger with Liepāja VEF Rīga can be considered a predecessor to one of the strongest football clubs in Latvia – Liepājas Metalurgs.

Honours
Latvian top league:
Winners: 6 (1970–1971, 1973–1975, 1983)
Runners-up: ()
Latvian Cup:
Winners: 3 (1956, 1971, 1987)
Runners-up: 8 (1946, 1960, 1970, 1974–1975, 1977, 1984–1985)

See also
Roberts Pakalns

References

VEF
1995 disestablishments in Latvia


Redley A. Killion (born 23 October 1951) is a Micronesian politician and public servant, who served two consecutive terms as the sixth Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia from May 1999 to May 2007.

Early life and education
Killion is from Chuuk State. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from the University of Hawaii at Manoa and a Master of Arts degree in economics from Vanderbilt University.

Career
Killion began his career in 1974 working at the Department of Resources and Development, and served as the first director of Department of Resources and Development, Chuuk State, from 1979 to 1986.

In 1987, he was elected as a senator to the 5th Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia, and served in congress until he was elected Vice President of the Federated States of Micronesia in 1999.

Personal life
Killion has nine children.

References

Official biography
Biography

1951 births
Living people
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
Members of the Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia
People from Chuuk State
Vice presidents of the Federated States of Micronesia
People from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands


The Low Energy Anti-Proton Ring (LEAR) was a particle accelerator at CERN which operated from 1982 until 1996. The ring was designed to decelerate and store antiprotons, to study the properties of antimatter and to create atoms of antihydrogen.  Antiprotons for the ring were created by the CERN Proton Synchrotron via the Antiproton Collector and the Antiproton Accumulator (AA). The creation of at least nine atoms of antihydrogen were confirmed by the PS210 experiment in 1995.

Experimental setup
LEAR is a multipurpose storage ring located in the South Hall of the Proton Synchrotron (PS), with a circumference of 78.5 m. Four straight sections are alternated with compact 90° bending magnets, along with eight quadrupole doublets. The straight sections each consist of an 8m long section, where equipment such as apparatus for internal beams and electron cooling can be stored, and two short sections of 1m. The C-type (bending) magnets used are open to the outside of the ring for injection and ejection. The vacuum system used for LEAR is designed for baking at 300 °C.

Bunches of usually a few 109 antiprotons are skimmed off the AA and then decelerated by the PS from 3.5 GeV/c to 0.6 GeV/c. The bunch was transferred to LEAR where is could be decelerated to a minimum 100 MeV/c or accelerated to generally 1000 MeV/c. For most experiments, a "beam stretcher mode" was used, where an ultra-slow extraction provided a high-duty (continuous) amount of antiprotons. Another mode, "internal target", kept a beam circulating for hours, or even days, until most particles were consumed by a gas jet target.

Stochastic cooling is implemented at several stages of the LEAR experimental setup, at different momenta. The focus of stochastic cooling is to restrict the motion of particles in the beam and control their energies close to a certain value. From 1987, the setup included electron cooling, using the electron cooler from the Initial Cooling Experiment (ICE) to complement the stochastic cooling. Using cooling, high quality beams at low energies and low emittances could be produced.

Results
There was a total of 27 experiments performed during LEAR's 14 years of running. Several meson spectroscopy experiments were setup at LEAR to analyse the rare meson resonances produced in nucleon-antiproton annilhilation. These included the Crystal Barrekm OBELIX and JETSET experiments. Furthermore, matter-antimatter symmetry was investigated by studying specific proton-antiproton interactions, resulting in detailed measurements of CP violation. The mass difference between the proton and antiproton was also studied at LEAR with an accuracy in 1 part in 1010.

Conversion to LEIR
In 1996, LEAR was converted into the Low Energy Ion Ring, which has since been used in the lead ion injection process for the Large Hadron Collider. Low energy antiproton research continues at CERN using the Antiproton Decelerator. It was built as a successor for LEAR and started operation in 2000.

References

CERN accelerators
Particle accelerators
CERN
CERN facilities
Particle physics facilities


Sébastien Grosjean and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga were the defending champions, but were forced to withdraw due to a shoulder injury for Grosjean, before their quarterfinals match against Michaël Llodra and Andy Ram.

Michaël Llodra and Andy Ram won in the final 6–3, 5–7, [10–8], against Stephen Huss and Ross Hutchins.

Seeds

Draw

Draw

External links
 Main Draw

Doubles


Charles H. Brandes is an American investor, businessman, and philanthropist. He is a disciple of the Benjamin Graham school of value investing. Brandes Investment Partners, which was started in 1974, currently has over $28.9 billion under management (down from over $111 billion in 2007) and is based in San Diego, California. In the Forbes 400 Richest Americans publication for 2007, Brandes ranked 165.

According to Forbes, Brandes was worth over $1 billion as of January 2018.

Early life and education
Brandes grew up in Pittsburgh. In 1965, he graduated from Bucknell University with a bachelor's degree in economics. He did graduate studies at San Diego State University.

Brandes is a CFA charterholder. Brandes met Ben Graham in San Diego while he was training to be a stockbroker. He was able to learn firsthand the techniques Graham used to determine undervalued investment securities.

Career
As of 2007, Brandes' U.S. Value Equity fund has beaten the S&P 500 index for the past 5, 10 and 15 years. According to the book Investment Leadership, Brandes' Global equity fund had an average return of 19.21% over the prior 20 years. Brandes Investments strictly follows Graham and Dodd principles as outlined in the books Security Analysis and The Intelligent Investor. Also recently, the firm made investments in the troubled mortgage and financial sectors, paying bargain prices for investments in Countrywide Financial, Washington Mutual, Wachovia. and Bank of America. Brandes is among the largest institutional shareholder of Royal Bank of Scotland and General Motors. Thomson Financial's well-regarded Nelson's World's Best Money Managers rankings consistently lists Brandes Investment Partners among the Top 10 International Equity Fund Managers in the world.

Brandes' adherence to Graham and Dodd principles has extended to investment research. He commissioned a study to investigate the "Falling Knives" strategy, the investment axiom that catching falling knives (a stock whose price has been dropping precipitously) is like catching falling money (likely to lead to losses). Researching 1,000 companies between 1986 and 2002 whose price had fallen 60% over a twelve-month period, the study found that within three years of the decline 13% of the companies went bankrupt, but despite this that the portfolio as a whole gained in value by 18% over three years. Announced departure from the firm effect February 26, 2018. Brandes published a well-received book on his investment strategies in 2003 titled Value Investing Today.

Philanthropy
The Tanya and Charles Brandes Foundation funded a scholarship program at San Diego Jewish Academy's Maimonides Upper School.

Personal life
Brandes has been married four times:
In 1986, he married his second wife Linda King Formo (born 1948). They divorced in 2004. They did not have children.
in 2006, he married Tanya Johnson; in 2018 the couple announced that they were divorcing citing mutual domestic violence as one of the causes. He lives in San Diego County in Rancho Santa Fe on 30 Acres.
in 2020 he was married in a private ceremony over Zoom, the couple celebrated September 9, 2021 in a public ceremony with friends and family.

See also
Value Investing
Benjamin Graham
David Dodd
William J. Ruane
Irving Kahn

References

External links
Brandes Investment Partners web site
Charles Brandes Videoconference
The Tanya & Charles Brandes Foundation
Nelson's World's Best Money Managers rankings

1943 births
Living people
American billionaires
American financial analysts
American investors
American investment advisors
American financial company founders
American financiers
American money managers
American philanthropists
American stockbrokers
Bucknell University alumni
Businesspeople from San Diego
CFA charterholders
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
San Diego State University alumni


The Saâne () is a river of Normandy, France,  in length, flowing through the department of Seine-Maritime.

Geography
The Saâne has its source in the Pays de Caux in the territory of the hamlet of Varvannes, in the commune of Val-de-Saâne. Taking a northward journey, it flows through the communes of Saâne-Saint-Just, Auzouville-sur-Saâne, Biville-la-Rivière, Brachy, Gueures, Ouville-la-Rivière and Longueil and meets the English Channel between Quiberville and Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer. At Longueil, not far from the mouth, the flow is relatively low, at 2.6 m/s, because of the small size of the watershed (270 km), however, at Gueures, on the right bank, a significant tributary, the Vienne river, 15 km in length, joins with the Saane.
Like most other rivers in the region, the Saâne is classified as a first class river, offering anglers the chance to catch trout and salmon.

See also
French water management scheme

Bibliography
 Albert Hennetier, Aux sources normandes: Promenade au fil des rivières en Seine-Maritime, Ed. Bertout, Luneray, 2006

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Normandy
Rivers of Seine-Maritime
0Saane


Monica Ingeborg Elisabeth "Mona" Mårtenson (4 May 1902 – 8 July 1956) was a Swedish film actress. She appeared in 28 films between 1923 and 1949. She was born and died in Stockholm, Sweden.

Early career
Mona grew up in Helsingborg and studied at the Dramatens elevskola (Royal Dramatic Theater Academy). She made her first film appearance in Anderssonskans Kalle på nya upptåg (Kalle Anderssonskan's New Pranks, 1923) directed by Sigurd Wallén. That same year, Mona and her classmate Greta Gustafson (who would change her name to Greta Garbo that same year) were selected by the school to audition for noted Swedish film director Mauritz Stiller. Both actresses were cast in his upcoming film, the epic romance Gösta Berlings saga (The Saga of Gosta Berling) in 1924. The film was based on the 1892 debut novel by Selma Lagerlöf and featured Lars Hanson as the handsome young priest, Gösta Berling, who is fired over his drinking and improper lifestyle. Shamed, he is later hired by an unscrupulous and wealthy woman to be a tutor to her beautiful step-daughter played by Mona Mårtenson.

After the success of the film, Garbo, Hanson and director Stiller were invited to Hollywood, but Mårtenson reportedly turned down a contract offer from Louis B. Mayer. She remained in Stockholm, where she worked in the Royal Dramatic Theatre. She also appeared in several films: Skeppargatan 40 (1925) directed by Gustaf Edgren with Einar Hanson; the two-part Karl XII (1925) directed by John W. Brunius) and featuring Gösta Ekman (senior); and Ingmarsarvet (The Ingmar Inheritance, 1925) directed by Gustaf Molander) with Conrad Veidt. Molander directed Mona and Lars Hanson in another Selma Lagerlöf adaptation, Till österland (To the Orient, 1926), filmed in Jaffa, Israel. She again starred for Molander in Förseglade läppar (Sealed Lips, 1927), co-starring Fred Louis Lerch and Sandra Milovanoff, and based on a story by Guy de Maupassant. A huge success in Sweden, the lead role was to have been played by French actress Geneviève Cargese, who fell ill in Stockholm and was replaced by Mårtenson.

Laila
In Germany, Mårtenson starred in Die Frau im Talar (The Woman in the Advocate's Robe, 1929) directed by Adolf Trotz and featuring Aud Egede-Nissen and Paul Richter. In Norway, she appeared in the romantic melodrama Laila (1929), directed by Danish-German filmmaker and noted cinematographer George Schnéevoigt. In the title role, Mårtenson played a young girl separated from her Norwegian parents as a baby and raised by a wealthy Sami (Lapp) reindeer owner Aslag (Peter Malberg) in the frozen tundra of Scandinavia. Laila grows into a young woman of two worlds, at home with both her settled and nomadic upbringings, but soon finds herself in a love triangle with her foster brother Mellet (Henry Gleditsch) and her cousin Anders (Harald Schwenzen), played out against the dramatic backdrop of the Norwegian mountain country. Schnéevoigt also directed her in Eskimo (1930) with Paul Richter, re-released in German as Der weiße Gott (1932).

Late career
In 1930, she left the Royal Dramatic Theater and moved to Gösta Ekman's Lorensbergsteatern in Göteborg. In the silent comedy I kantonnement (In the Cantonment, 1932) directed by Lau Lauritzen, Sr., she starred opposite the comic duo Fi og By (Carl Schenstrøm and Harald Madsen). Mårtenson continued her film career into the sound era with I nöd och lust (In Sickness and Health, 1938) directed by Ivar Johansson and in the drama Västkustens hjältar (West Coast Heroes, 1940) directed by Lau Lauritzen and Alice O'Fredericks as the mother of the hero played by Fritiof Billquist. In later years, she played bit parts in Scandinavian films. Her last film was Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking, 1949) directed by Per Gunvall, the first film adaptation of Astrid Lindgren's classic children’s novel, four years after its publication in Sweden. Pippi was played by the 26-year old Viveca Serlachius, and Mårtenson played a supporting role as Pia.

Mona Mårtenson died in 1956 in Stockholm, aged 54.

Selected filmography

 New Pranks of Andersson's Kalle (1923)
 The Saga of Gosta Berling (1924)
 Life in the Country (1924)
 Ingmar's Inheritance (1925)
 40 Skipper Street (1925)
 Charles XII (1925)
 To the Orient (1926)
 Sealed Lips (1927)
 Viddenes folk (1928)
 The Woman in the Advocate's Gown (1929)
 Eskimo (1930)
 I kantonnement (1932)
 The White God (1932)
 Simon of Backabo (1934)
 Career (1938)
 For Better, for Worse (1938)
 Västkustens hjältar (1940)
 Only a Woman (1941)
 The Talk of the Town (1941)
 The Yellow Clinic (1942)
 My People Are Not Yours (1944)
 Pippi Longstocking  (1949)

External links

 Mona Mårtenson biography

1902 births
1956 deaths
Actresses from Stockholm
20th-century Swedish actresses
Swedish film actresses
Swedish silent film actresses


Absent Friends were an Australian band from Sydney. The band was relatively short lived, forming in 1989 and disbanding in 1990. It featured a number of notable Australian musicians including Sean Kelly (Models, The Dukes), Andrew Duffield, James Valentine (both also ex-Models), Garry Gary Beers (INXS), Geoffrey Stapleton (GANGgajang) and Wendy Matthews.

Biography
Following the break-up of Models in 1988, Sean Kelly attempted to launch a solo career with the single "Thank You, Goodnight" (March 1988) (which happened to be the name of Models' last tour), but the single was not a commercial success and in early 1989 Kelly found himself at a loose end. Kelly contacted a number of friends, with a view of putting together an informal band to play a few gigs. The impromptu cooperative was initially dubbed Sean Kelly and His Absent Friends. The initial line-up varied, usually dependent upon the availability of individual members at any given time. Sean Kelly and His Absent Friends kicked off life as a touring act in May 1989, with Kelly (vocals/guitar) joined on occasion by his partner Wendy Matthews (vocals)(who performed backing vocals for Models and was a guest vocalist on the Rockmelons debut and ARIA award winning album, Tales of the City), Garry Gary Beers (the bassist for INXS), Nicole Ainslie (keyboards/vocals), Andrew Duffield (keyboards) ex-Models, James Valentine (saxophone) ex-Models, Danglin' Brothers guitarist Michael King ex-Jimmy Barnes, and drummer John Mackay ex-Machinations. Within a couple of months the high-profile group were supporting Crowded House at their July 1989 'Rock For Land Rights' concert.

In late 1989 the band entered the recording studio to record a few original tracks that they had been playing live. The first single released by the newly named Absent Friends was "Hallelujah" in November 1989. The single peaked at number 100 on the ARIA Charts in January 1990. In March 1990, a second single titled "Hullabaloo" was released and peaked at number 46 on the Australian charts.

The album, Here's Looking Up Your Address was released on rooArt in April 1990 and peaked at number 7 on the ARIA Charts.

The album's third single, "I Don't Want to Be with Nobody but You" was a significant commercial success. It is a cover of the 1976 Dorothy Moore song, written by Eddie Floyd. "I Don't Want to Be with Nobody but You" peaked at number 4 on the Australian charts in July 1990 and was certified gold. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1991, the song won the ARIA Award for Best Single. The album yielded one more minor hit with "Harmony" reaching number 92 on the Australian singles charts. The band toured Australian throughout 1990, out of which a promotion live EP, Networking Live was reordered.

Later in 1990, Absent Friends supported INXS on an eight-week European tour, with ex-Eurogliders bassist Ron Francois taking Beers' place and GANGgajang keyboardist Geoff Stapleton filling the void on keyboards left by the departure of Duffield. Ainslie and Valentine also left the band at this time. The band played 10,000 seat stadiums through Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Scotland, Ireland and England (including five performances at Wembley Arena).

Soon after Kelly decided that Absent Friends had run its course, and the band members went their separate ways.

Matthews soon after recorded her debut album, Émigré, whilst Kelly and Stapleton pieced together another band during 1991 called The Dukes.

Members
 Wendy Matthews – lead/vocal (1989–1990)
 Sean Kelly – lead vocal/guitar (1989–1990)
 Michael "Mick" King – lead guitar/vocal (1989–1990)
 Garry Gary Beers – bass/vocal (1989–1990)
 Ron Francois – bass/vocal (1990)
 John Mackay – drums/percussion/keyboards/vocal (1989–1990)
 Geoffrey Stapleton – keyboards (1990)
 James Valentine – saxophone (1989)
 Andrew Duffield – keyboards (1989)
 Nicole Ainslie – keyboards/vocal (1989)

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Lewis has won three awards from 14 nominations.

|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3"| 1991
| rowspan="2"| "I Don't Want to Be with Nobody but You"
| ARIA Award for Single of the Year
|
|-
| ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Single
|
|-
| Here's Looking Up Your Address
| ARIA Award for Breakthrough Artist – Album
|
|-

References

Australian rock music groups
Musical groups from Sydney
ARIA Award winners
Musical groups established in 1989
Musical groups disestablished in 1990


Oleg Nikolaevich Ken (, March 13, 1960, Orsk, - October 28, 2007, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian historian who worked in Saint Petersburg at Herzen University and European University at Saint Petersburg and specialized in the history of the Soviet Union, Poland and European diplomacy of the 1920s-1930s.

Oleg Ken was born in Orsk, Orenburg Oblast, where his family lived in exile owing to their ethnic German origin. He entered undergraduate studies at Orel Pedagogical Institute, but in 1979 moved to Leningrad and in 1981 graduated from the Department of History of Leningrad State Pedagogical University. In 1990 Ken defended his Kandidat nauk thesis "Great Britain and European security (1933-1935)". Since 1994 he had worked at European University at Saint Petersburg, where he was Secretary for Academic Affairs and earned his Doktor nauk degree. In 2005 he was appointed Full Professor at Herzen University. He died from heart failure in his sleep in his apartment on October 28, 2007.

References

External links
Personal website of Oleg Ken
Oleg Ken @ European University at Saint Petersburg
Oleg Ken Трагедия соперничающих невозможностей Neprikosnovenny Zapas  N2 (22) 2002
Oleg Ken System Error? Москва и западные соседи в 1920-е — 1930-е годы N4 (24) 2002
Oleg Ken Сталин как стратег (между двумя войнами) Russian Journal (website) 26 August 2004
Oleg Ken Путин и Сталин // сходство языка и мышления Delo 13 September 2004
Oleg Ken Превентивная коррекция памяти // Почему День Победы — 9 мая? Delo 24 April 2006
Oleg Ken "Работа по истории" и стратегия авторитаризма, 1935-1937 гг.

1960 births
2007 deaths
Writers from Saint Petersburg
20th-century Russian historians
European University at Saint Petersburg
21st-century Russian historians
Herzen University alumni
Academic staff of Herzen University


Arthur Timothy Lawson-Cruttenden (23 January 1955 – 17 April 2019) was a British solicitor. He specialised in court-martial law, and using the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 to contain and curtail protest involving, amongst other matters, anti-corporate groups. He acted in numerous cases involving animal rights groups, environmentalists, and anti-militarist groups.

Timothy ("Tim") Lawson-Cruttenden was born in Hendon (North London).   His father, most commonly known as Roy Cruttenden (1925 - 2019), was an Olympic long jumper.  His mother, born Phyllis May Watkins, was a PE teacher.   Tim Lawson-Cruttenden attended Harrow School and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He was a British Army Lieutenant in the Blues and Royals and an honorary legal advisor to the Regiment.

He was the secretary of the Old Harrovian Law Society and was one of the founding members of the Solicitors’ Association of Higher Court Advocates and its chairman from 2007.

He died by drowning while "body surfing" off the coast of Gibraltar in 2019. An obituary appeared in The Times.

Books
 Timothy Lawson-Cruttenden and Neil Addison (1997), Blackstone's Guide to the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, Blackstone Press,
 Neil Addison and Timothy Lawson-Cruttenden (1997), Harassment Law & Practice

References

2019 deaths
English solicitors
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
1955 births
20th-century English lawyers


Sébastien Grosjean was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Robby Ginepri.

Seventh-seeded Robin Söderling won in the final 6–3, 6–7(5–7), 6–1, against Julien Benneteau.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

External links
Main Draw
Qualifying draw

Singles


Pål Fredrik Kraby (16 February 1932 - 8 August 2009) was a Norwegian businessperson and lawyer.

Born in Lillehammer, Kraby became a Supreme Court barrister in 1968. He was the CEO of the Norwegian Employers' Confederation (NAF) from 1979 to 1987, having been assisting director since 1973. He was pressured to resign due to a lockout which failed. Having received a secret golden parachute, this was unveiled in 1992 by journalist Arne O. Holm. For this, Holm was awarded the SKUP Prize.

He was the father of Ida Hjort Kraby. He died in August 2009.

References

1942 births
2009 deaths
20th-century Norwegian businesspeople
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
People from Lillehammer