The Temple Mount is Mine is a 2003 two-part documentary by Emmy Award-winning director Willy Lindwer that looks at why Muslims, Christians and Jews all lay claim to one of the holiest sites in the world.

Summary
All three major Western religions trace the beginning of the world and the creation of the first man to the Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount. On the same site that King David and King Solomon ruled, Jesus worshiped and Muhammad ascended into Heaven. The documentary captures the aesthetic beauty of the Holy Land as both religious leaders and average citizens explain the personal and historic importance of the Temple Mount.

Aerial shots of the city show the Dome of the Rock, hovering high above and glistening in the Middle Eastern sun. The camera also captures close-ups of the detailed mosaic exterior, which blends elements of Roman, Byzantine, Syrian, Hellenic, and Persian architectural elements, demonstrating the undeniable beauty of this Muslim house of prayer.

But the aesthetic beauty of the site contrasts with the animosity that has existed there for centuries. Through countless wars and battles, and many changes of hands, the Temple Mount's history contains mostly conflict.

The documentary explains how the Holy Land's long and turbulent history fuels the conflict over the Temple Mount. “We are not authorized to give up a heritage of our ancient fathers, who paid for thousands of years with self sacrifice,” a rabbi explains. The territorial argument extends as far back as the religions’ formations. “The Bible is our document, our right to this place,” a Jewish man insists. Muslims interviewed in the film differ.

See also
Other documentary films about Israel:
The Land of the Settlers
At the Green Line
The Skies are Closer in Homesh
All Hell Broke Loose
Beyond Mountains of Darkness
My Dearest Enemy

References

External links
Willy Lindwer's website
The Jewish Channel's review

Israeli documentary films
2003 television films
2003 films
Documentary films about religion
Documentary films about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
2000s English-language films


West Virginia is a state in the United States of America.

West Virginia or Western Virginia may also refer to:

Western Virginia, a region in the state of Virginia
Kentucky County, Virginia, also referred to as "Western Virginia"
West Virginia, Minnesota
West Virginia University, the state's largest public university
West Virginia Mountaineers, the WVU athletic program
United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia
Western Virginia Campaign
Western Virginia Land Trust

U.S. Navy warships

, a Pennsylvania-class armored cruiser
, a Colorado-class battleship, torpedoed and bombed at Pearl Harbor
, an Ohio-class ballistic-missile nuclear submarine

See also

 Virginia (disambiguation)
 West Virginian (disambiguation)
 Virginias


Charles Marie Auguste Joseph de Beaumont, comte d'Autichamp (; 8 August 1770 – 6 October 1859, La Rochefaton). He was one of the few Royalist survivors of the War in the Vendée.

Life

Revolution
A captain in the régiment de Condé in 1789, the comte d'Autichamp emigrated then returned to France and was admitted to the Garde constitutionnelle du Roi. Although the latter was dissolved, on 5 June 1792, he continued to serve and escaped being murdered at the massacre of 10 August 1792. Taking refuge in Anjou in the house of his cousin and brother-in-law, Charles Melchior Artus de Bonchamps, he became one of the leaders of the Vendeen revolt, participating in the Siege of Nantes in June 1793, won the Battle of Chantonnay, on 5 September repulsed Louis Marie Turreau at Les Ponts-de-Cé, on 12 September. After the defeats at Cholet and Beaupréau, he captured the bridge across the Loire at Varades, allowing the Vendéens to cross and take Ancenis.  After the death of the marquis de Bonchamps, he commanded one of the columns which tried in vain to take Granville, on 14 October. Captured at the battle of Le Mans, he managed to escape with help from the hussards in the Republican division of Tilly who gave him a hussard uniform.  Freed after the pacification of Saint-Florent, he took up arms again under Nicolas Stofflet and, after Stofflet was killed, took over as head of the remains of the royalist army of Anjou and Haut Poitou.  Conscious of his troops' weakness and disorganisation, he then negotiated with Lazare Hoche in May 1796.  When peace returned, he spent some time in Paris then had to hide, since he fell under the law of hostages.  Although favouring peace at the La Jonchere discussions, he resumed the war in 1799, failed before Cholet and was beaten at Les Aubiers.

First Empire
The comte d'Autichamp submitted on 18 January 1800 and went into retirement until the fall of the First Empire. During the Hundred Days, he raised a small army of Vendéens and took Cholet without a fight, but was beaten at the Battle of Rocheservière, on 19 and 20 June 1815.

Bourbon Restoration
Made a peer of France and inspector general of the infantry by Louis XVIII, he retired on the accession of Louis Philippe I and favoured the adventure of Caroline of the Two Sicilies, duchesse de Berry in 1832, leading to his exile for 7 years.

Second Empire
He lived out his last years in Lhoumois and died on 6 October 1859.

1770 births
1859 deaths
People from Angers
Counts of France
Legitimists
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration
French generals
Royalist military leaders of the War in the Vendée
Recipients of the Legion of Honour


The Daily Dispatch is an American, English language community-oriented daily newspaper based in Henderson, North Carolina, primarily covering the North Carolina counties of Vance, Granville, and Warren. It is published three times a week on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays except on certain national holidays.

History
President and Editor P.T. Way started the publication as a four-page, 16-column daily version of his semi-weekly Henderson Gold Leaf on that date when World War I brought the need for up-to-date news of events abroad.  The newspaper took the name of the Henderson Daily Dispatch in 1915 when Henry A. Dennis joined the staff as the paper's news editor. The Gold Leaf reverted to a weekly edition that year and stopped publication following a fire in December 1946 at the newspaper office.
 The Gold Leaf. [online resource] (Henderson, Vance County, N.C.) 1881-1911; OCLC: 894524007
  Henderson Daily Dispatch. (Henderson, Vance County, N.C.) 1914-1995. OCLC: 24562449
 The Daily Dispatch. (Henderson, Vance County, N.C.) 1995-current; OCLC: 37631964

The Dispatch bounced back from the fire and operated in a temporary headquarters until its office was rebuilt in 1947. Ten years later, the company moved to a new plant at 304 South Chestnut Street in Henderson. It printed its first edition on a new 32-page rotary press on Monday, Dec. 2, 1957.

In May 1973, the company changed from the old "hot type" process of using molten lead to "cold type" printing, which relied on a typesetter.

In October 1980, The Dispatch installed a front-end system that handled all copy electronically, making typewriters almost obsolete. That system was replaced by a more modern system, using a pagination process, in 1990.

Dennis and his descendants managed the newspaper into the 1990s. Henry A. Dennis, M.L. Finch and S.A. Jones bought all of the company's stock upon Way's death in 1922. Dennis served as president and editor, while Finch served as business manager and secretary-treasurer until his death in 1973. Dennis died in 1979, leaving his family as sole stockholders and his son, William B. Dennis, as editor until his own retirement in March 1994.

The newspaper was sold to Paducah Newspapers Inc. in February 1994, and Rick Bean began a 10-year tenure as the publisher of the newspaper. He took the newspaper from an afternoon daily being published on Monday through Saturday to a morning edition with delivery on Tuesday through Sunday. The newspaper also changed its name to The Daily Dispatch and later launched the newspaper's website, www.hendersondispatch.com.

Bean is currently a group publisher for Paxton Media Group newspapers in North Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia, and the publisher of The Herald Sun in Durham, N.C., and the High Point Enterprise in High Point, N.C.

James D. Edwards became publisher of The Dispatch when Bean moved to High Point in 2004. He previously served as managing editor in the 1980s.

William B. Dennis's son, William A. Dennis, took over as editor following his father's retirement. Other editors have included James Dutra, Laverne Jefferies, Arthur Murray, Glenn Craven and Luke Horton.

The newspaper's current editor, Alan Wooten, joined The Daily Dispatch staff in April 2012. Wooten became publisher/editor when Edwards left the newspaper in January 2014.

Awards
The Daily Dispatch is a member of the North Carolina Newspaper Association.  It was a back-to-back winner in 2006 and 2007 of the North Carolina Press Association's General Excellence Awards for newspapers with 15,000 subscribers and less.

See also
 List of newspapers in North Carolina

References

Vance County, North Carolina
Daily newspapers published in North Carolina
1914 establishments in North Carolina


Harold Carl Manders (June 14, 1917 – January 21, 2010) was an American professional baseball player, a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who appeared in 30 games for the Detroit Tigers (1941–42; 1946) and Chicago Cubs (1946).

Biography
Manders was born in Waukee, Iowa. He attended the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa.

Manders played in 26 games in 1941 and 1942 for the Tigers. He also played in four games in 1946, two each with the Tigers and then two with the Cubs. Listed at  tall and , Manders batted and threw right-handed.

In a three-season MLB career, Manders posted a 3–1 record with a 4.77 ERA in 30 appearances, including one start, giving up 37 runs (five unearned) on 71 hits and 28 walks while striking out 28 in 60 innings of work. He did not record a save.

Manders lived to be one of the oldest former Major League ballplayers, dying in Waukee, Iowa, at the age of 92. He is interred at the Waukee Cemetery.

Manders' cousin was Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Bob Feller.

References

External links

Hal Manders at Baseball Almanac

1917 births
2010 deaths
Alexandria Aces players
Baseball players from Iowa
Beaumont Exporters players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Chicago Cubs players
Detroit Tigers players
Evansville Bees players
Knoxville Smokies players
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Waukee, Iowa
University of Iowa alumni


Emmanuel Ikechukwu Nwachi (born October 10, 1988 in Durbi) is a Nigerian football forward.

Career
He began his career with Plateau United before  transferred to Kano Pillars in 2005. He left Kano after two years and moved in January 2007 to Sharks F.C. On 13 October 2008, he left Sharks and moved to Bayelsa United F.C., helping them to a league title and securing a semi-final slot in the 2009 CAF Confederation Cup with the winning goal in the final group stage game at Stade Malien. Nwachi played on 16 January 2009 a training match for Start Kristiansand against Bryne FK. He joined Dolphins in September 2010.

Notes

1988 births
Living people
Dolphin F.C. (Nigeria) players
Igbo sportspeople
Sharks F.C. players
Nigerian men's footballers
Bayelsa United F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
Plateau United F.C. players
Kano Pillars F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Emmanuel Nwachi


Welcome to Hoxford is a four-issue comic book mini-series created, written, and drawn by Eisner Award nominee and Spike Scream Award-winner Ben Templesmith and published from August to November 2008 by American company IDW Publishing.

The series focuses on a group of prisoners battling against werewolves in a privately run prison.

Plot
Ray Delgado, a delusional murderer, and a handful of other dangerous death row prisoners are transferred from the state run prison system to the Hoxford, a privatized correctional institution owned by the Russian based Usmanov Corporation. Dr. Jessica Ainley arrives at the prison to try and follow up on some of her old patients but her attempts are blocked by the Hoxford staff and her concerns for the prisoner’s well-being are ignored. As the new prisoners settle in, conflict arises and after a bloody incident in the showers the inmates are put under lock down. Dr. Ainley keeps trying to gain access to her old patients, and after a shocking encounter with Ray she is locked in the Warden's office with a strange old man who sheds some light on the Usmanov Corporation, until nightfall when he and the entire prison staff transform into werewolves and begin hunting the prisoners. Ray, believing that as Cronos Lord of the Titans he must battle the monsters, leads the escaped prisoners to the prison armory where they stock up on weapons and then begin to fight back.

Characters

Humans
Human characters include:
 Ray Delgado: Murderer, Delusional inmate with numerous Mental Health issues.
 Morton: Pedophile and Murderer.
 Burly Bill: Rapist and Murderer.
 Skunty: Necrophiliac and Murderer.
 Gravy: Cannibal and Murderer.
 Jones: Cop Killer and Torturer.
 Doctor Jessica Ainley: Psychiatrist.

Werewolves
The werewolves originate from Russia and live among humans. They operate Hoxford under the guise of a Russian corporation.
 Warden Baker: Hoxford Institution warden and werewolf leader.
 Hartnell: prison guard.
 Old man: Original leader of the wolves, usurped by Baker; the other wolves are unaware of the change.

Film Adaptation
A live action fan film short adapted by Julien Mokrani and written by Samuel Bodin was made in 2011. Original score composed by Seppuku Paradigm with additional music by Zombie Zombie.

Cast
Jason Flemyng - Ray
Arben Bajraktaraj - Warden Gordon Baker
Dexter Fletcher - Morton
Scott Thrun - Young Ray
Mickael Troudi - The Beast
Elly Fairmann - The Rat/Ray's mother voice
Eric Fantone - Bus Driver

References

External links

 http://www.welcometohoxford-thefanfilm.com/
 https://www.facebook.com/welcometohoxfordfanfilm

2008 comics debuts
Comics by Ben Templesmith


Jacques-Louis-François Delaistre de Tilly (2 February 1749, Vernon, Eure – 10 January 1822, Paris) became a general officer in the French army during the French Revolutionary Wars. He led a cavalry division in a number of battles during the Napoleonic Wars. His name is inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Service
29 November 1792 : Colonel of the 6th Regiment of Dragoons
21 April 1793 : General of Brigade
2 December 1793 : General of Division
23 December 1793 : Commanded troops at the Battle of Savenay
5 May 1801 : Commander in chief of the Armée de l'Ouest
11 October 1805 : Commanded the Cavalry Division of the VI Corps at the Battle of Haslach-Jungingen
14 October 1805 : Commanded the Cavalry Division of the VI Corps at the Battle of Elchingen
17 October 1806 : Commanded the Cavalry Division of the I Corps at the Battle of Schleiz
17 October 1806 : Commanded the Cavalry Division of the I Corps at the Battle of Halle
6 November 1806 : Commanded the Cavalry Division of the I Corps at the Battle of Lübeck
25 January 1807 : Commanded the Cavalry Division of the I Corps at the Battle of Mohrungen
21 June 1813 : Commanded the 2nd Cavalry Division of the Army of the South at the Battle of Vitoria

Decorations
25 March 1809 : Chevalier d'Empire
23 April 1812 : Baron d'Empire

Honours
 TILLY is engraved on Column 4 of the Arc de Triomphe

Footnotes

References

Printed materials
Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998.
Glover, Michael. The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin, 2001.

1749 births
1822 deaths
People from Vernon, Eure
Republican military leaders of the War in the Vendée
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe


Love's Crazy is the solo debut album of 112 member Slim. It was released on November 18, 2008. The first single from the album is "So Fly", featuring Yung Joc. The second single is "Good Lovin'", featuring Ryan Leslie and Fabolous. The third single is scheduled to be the remix to "Heels On" featuring Yung Berg and Deezo.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2008 debut albums
Albums produced by Ryan Leslie


LVI may refer to:

56 (number), LVI in Roman numerals
Literacy Volunteers of Illinois, an American adult literacy organisation
Livingstone Airport, in Livingstone, Zambia
Landcare Victoria Inc., an Australian organisation
Load value injection, a security vulnerability
Lymphovascular invasion, invasion of cancer to blood vessels
Super Bowl LVI, an American football championship game being hosted in 2022


The Bellevue District (District 15) is a municipal district in the city of Gatineau, Quebec. It is represented on Gatineau City Council by Alicia Lacasse-Brunet of Action Gatineau.

The district is located in the Gatineau sector of the city and includes the newer developments in the north-central part of the sector as well as rural area.

Councillors
Richard Côté (2001-2009)
Sylvie Goneau (2009-2017)
Pierre Lanthier (2017-2021)
Alicia Lacasse-Brunet, Action Gatineau (2021-present)

Election results

2021

2017

2013

2009

2005

Districts of Gatineau


Charles Robert Brookins (September 17, 1899 – August 15, 1960) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Oskaloosa, Iowa and died in Des Moines, Iowa.

He attended the University of Iowa and ran track in college. 1923 and 1925 Brookins won the 220 yard low hurdles at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. Per the 1971 IAAF World Athletics booklet, "Progressive World Record Lists" Brookins set the world record in the 220 yard low hurdles (straight) with a 23.2 (June 2, 1923) and 23.0 (May 17, 1924). In 1924, he was disqualified in the 400 metre hurdles final at the Paris Olympics. He finished second in this race but was disqualified when ran out of his lane.

References

External links

1899 births
1960 deaths
American male hurdlers
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics
People from Oskaloosa, Iowa


Literacy Volunteers of Illinois (LVI) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes adult literacy throughout Illinois. It serves families, adults, and out-of-school teens.

History
Literacy Volunteers of Illinois (LVI) was founded in 1979 to serve as a technical assistance and training agency for volunteer literacy programs affiliated with the national Literacy Volunteers of America organization. It initially served as a "mid-level" support system for local affiliated programs with the goal of monitoring and providing training to programs.

The two recessions of the 1980s and the resulting displacement of millions of workers in the manufacturing industry who had difficulty finding new jobs based on their skill sets, sparked concerns about the literacy abilities of the nation’s population. The National Literacy Act of 1991 and the results of the National Adult Literacy Survey of 1993, which found that one in every four adults lacked basic literacy skills, also brought attention to the issue of low adult literacy rates in the U.S.

The national recognition of a need for adult literacy initiatives helped it earn funding for AmeriCorps VISTA and AmeriCorps National Service Programs that place members in adult and family literacy programs around Illinois. In 1995 the Jump Start Program began, which recruits volunteers to act as tutors and mentors for incarcerated youth in the Illinois Youth Centers. LVI began by working with four national programs. Today, it provides resources and services to staff, tutors, and students in approximately 100 adult literacy programs statewide.

Programs and services

Resource and referral center
LVI serves as a clearinghouse for individuals interested in becoming volunteer tutors by connecting them with literacy programs in their communities. They also provide initial and in-service training to tutors and staff, an annual statewide staff development conference, and the annual tutor and adult learner On The Road To Literacy Spring conference.

National service
Since 1992, LVI has sponsored five different federal and state AmeriCorps and AmeriCorps VISTA programs. These programs include the VISTA Literacy Corps, Project UPLIFT (Urging Partnerships in Literacy Initiatives for Families and Teens), Project I-CARE (Involving Communities in America Reads Endeavors), Project HEART (Hines Employees As Reading Tutors), and the current VOCAL (Volunteer Action in Community Literacy) Program. LVI has placed over 600 national service members in 150 adult, family literacy, and Head Start Programs throughout Illinois.

LVI began its involvement in national service programs in 1992 as a sponsor of the AmeriCorps VISTA Literacy Corps. AmeriCorps*VISTA is a federally funded capacity building program that serves primarily low-income communities. With the goal of strengthening and expanding volunteer literacy initiatives in under served communities in Illinois LVI placed over 100 VISTA Literacy Corps members in a variety of adult and family literacy programs over the course of 15 years.

Sponsorship of the AmeriCorps VISTA Literacy Corps eventually led to involvement in the AmeriCorps Program. Project UPLIFT, a collaboration on behalf of five agencies, was the first AmeriCorps Program that was developed. Members provided adult and family literacy services in communities served by the five agencies. It also acted as an incubator for two additional AmeriCorps Programs that became funded on their own – one at the Center for School Improvement at the University of Chicago and Project MORE at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

VOCAL AmeriCorps

VOCAL (Volunteer Outreach for Community Action in Literacy) was founded by LVI in 2003 with funding from the Corporation for National and Community Service and is currently in its 10th year. Since its inception, 331 AmeriCorps Members have served as "literacy specialists" in 40 different community and faith based adult literacy programs in Chicago and the surrounding suburbs. Their roles include One-to-one and small group tutoring, recruiting volunteers to serve as tutors, and participating in a training and development program.

Correctional education
The Jump Start Program is a one-to-one tutoring and mentorship program operating in the Illinois Youth Centers (IYC) in the new department of Juvenile Justice. The program began in 1995 with a three-year grant from the Retirement Research Foundation and support from the Illinois Retired Teachers Association. The Program continues to recruit retirees, especially retired teachers, with the skills to serve as volunteer tutors and mentors to incarcerated youth. LVI continues to work closely with School District #428 of the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice in its efforts to raise the literacy levels of incarcerated youth.

Jump Start serves youth incarcerated in IYCs in Chicago, Harrisburg, St. Charles and Warrenville. The target population of Jump Start is teens age 17 and over who are performing below a 9th grade level in reading and/or math. Jump Start tutors focus not only on academics, but also serve as mentors in order to address the emotional and social needs of at-risk youth.

New Readers for New Life
New Readers for New Life is a network of past and current adult literacy students. LVI provides consultation, training, and administrative support to the statewide organization. It also encourages students to be active participants in all phases of the learning process from choosing the materials they want to read to taking leadership roles within their programs. Every fall the New Readers organization sponsors a statewide conference for students, tutors, and staff of adult literacy programs.

Events and Fundraisers

SCRABBLE for Literacy
The first SCRABBLE for Literacy Challenge was held in the fall of 2004. The annual fundraiser, which is held in October or November, is supported by the National Scrabble Association Local Clubs #240 and #601 and the Rotary Club of Chicago-Lakeview. Participants play one another in Scrabble and also bid on items during a silent auction.

New Readers Conference
The New Readers Conference began in 1993 by the New Readers for New Life and is held annually in October or November. Over 1,000 individuals from 21 states have attended this event since its inception. This day-long conference is broken into workshops and discussions.

On the Road to Literacy Conference
On the Road to Literacy is an annual daylong conference for tutors and adult learners. LVI began organizing the conference in 1995. The conference consists of three rounds of workshops focused on topics relevant to the development of volunteer tutors and adult learners. There is also a featured keynote speaker and a ceremony recognizing outstanding volunteer literacy tutors from around Illinois. Each year awards are presented to the Tutor of the Year as well as the Partner Agency of the Year.

See also
 Literacy in the United States

References

External links
 Literacy Volunteers of Illinois
National Assessment of Adult Literacy

Organizations promoting literacy
Adult education in the United States


Papyrus 44 (in Gregory-Aland numbering), signed by 𝔓44, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of John. It contains Matt. 17:1-3.6-7; 18:15-17.19; 25:8-10 and John 10:8-14. Fragments of the Gospel of John formerly known as Papyrus 44b (containing 9:3-4; 12:16-18) have been reclassified as Papyrus 128. The manuscript paleographically has been assigned to the 6th or 7th century.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

It is currently housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (Inv. 14. 1. 527) in New York.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading
 W. E. Crum, H. G. Evelyn-White, The Monastery of Epiphanius at Thebes, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Egyptian Expedition Publications IV, (New York, 1926), pp. 120–121. (transcription and collation).
 Ellwood M. Schofield, The Papyrus Fragments of the Greek New Testament, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville, 1936, pp. 296–301.

External links
 Papyrus 44 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number 14.1.527

New Testament papyri
6th-century biblical manuscripts
Gospel of Matthew papyri
Gospel of John papyri
7th-century biblical manuscripts


Anlage Süd (English: Installation South) was a pair of railway headquarters built for Adolf Hitler in the Nazi-occupied part of southern Poland during the Second World War. Two reinforced tunnels were built near the rail line between Rzeszów and Jasło. The first massive train bunker (with adjacent conference bunker) was located in the village of Stępina (45 km southwest of Rzeszów), and the other was in the town of Strzyżów (30 km southwest of Rzeszów). They were initially used for a two-day meeting between Hitler and Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini, on 27–28 August 1941.

Bunkers

Both 480-metre long railway tunnels at Stępina and Strzyżów were built by the Todt Organization using Polish slave labor from nearby concentration camps. The shelters were constructed to be  wide and  high with reinforced concrete walls  thick.

The tunnels were surrounded by barracks, personnel bunkers, and watchtowers. Other buildings were used for operations, administration, and maintenance. Inside each bomb-proof tunnel, there was a rail track and a platform. The tunnel portals were protected by two-wing armoured doors with firing embrasures for the guards. Purpose-built track connected the tunnels with the Rzeszów-Jasło railway.

Usage
After the headquarters was completed in summer 1941, Hitler first visited on 27 August for a meeting with Mussolini. Both leaders arrived by train. Hitler’s train () stayed in the bunker at Strzyżów while Mussolini's engine and carriages were at Stępina. The actual meeting to discuss the war with Soviet Russia, which lasted several hours, was held aboard Hitler’s train, which he never left. The next day, his train was the first to depart.

Hitler revisited the bunkers once more by train in October 1941. Other prominent visitors to use Anlage Süd included Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel and General Erwin Rommel.

By the summer of 1944 the facilities were abandoned because of the Soviet advance. When the Russians captured the tunnels in August 1944 they used them as field hospitals. After the war, the Stępina bunker was used for mushroom production. Today it is a state museum.

See also
 Führer Headquarters

References

External links
A photo of the bunker

World War II sites of Nazi Germany
Fuehrer Headquarters
World War II sites in Poland


Electric Blue is a series of softcore pornographic videos that were produced in the UK in the 1980s. They subsequently aired on the Playboy Channel. Many prominent porn stars performed on Electric Blue, including Ginger Lynn, Traci Lords,  Marilyn Chambers, Christy Canyon, Sasha Gabor, Blake Palmer, Janey Robbins, and Rick Savage. Hustler centrefold model and "scream queen" actress Gail Harris made appearances in many episodes.

Electric Blue: The Movie (1981) is a film compèred by the US pornographic star Marilyn Chambers. It consists of a compilation of clips from the Electric Blue home video series. These include sketches, erotic songs, lesbian fantasies and a nude disco dancing competition. There are also film clips showing archive nude footage of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Joanna Lumley and Jacqueline Bisset, as well as Jayne Mansfield's naked bath scene from the film Promises! Promises! (1963). Electric Blue: The Movie was released theatrically in the UK in March 1982 under an X certificate and on VHS in 1983 as a tie-in to the Electric Blue video releases.

The series was so popular that the slang term 'bluey' was coined to represent all pornographic films.

History
In 1979, the home video market in the UK was in its early stages of development and was dominated by cheap exploitation films available from rental shops, Electric Blue was launched in December of that year with the cost of £31. Described as "the UK’s first men’s magazine on video", Electric Blue was an hour-long compilation of "video centrefolds" intercut with acquired film footage. A new instalment of Electric Blue was released about every three months. The full-colour video magazines were sold in the form of X certificate videotapes in UK shops alongside more conventional films. They were produced under a commercial relationship with Paul Raymond, a publisher of "top shelf" men's magazines, including Men Only and Club International.  Raymond also owned the Raymond Revuebar, a striptease club in Soho, London. The Electric Blue videos were an extension of his magazines into new media, making use of his existing magazine models. They presented images of women in a glamour photography style that was far from explicit, showing little more than breasts and pubic hair. The videos were also on sale in Australia. The Electric Blue series came to an end in the mid-1980s. Playboy entered the cable television market in the early 1980s and the videos were shown on the Playboy Channel between 1983 and 1987.

Distribution
It appeared on home video releases in North America, Australia, New Zealand in the early to mid-1980s.

Electric Blue was derived from the UK and were a subsidiary of the Video Classics group of labels in Australia. After that company ended, Electric Blue films were released by Virgin Video. Then, in the mid-1990s, they were distributed by Columbia TriStar.

The versions released on home video in North America differed from the UK versions, adding localized content and a greater emphasis on American porn stars.

The type of films released by this company consisted of female centrefolds, nudity and sexual situations.

Episodes
 Electric Blue 1 (1979)     Fiona Richmond, Long Dong Silver, Marilyn Chambers
 Electric Blue 2  (1981)     Joanna Lumley, Marilyn Chambers
 Electric Blue 3  (1982)
 Electric Blue 4  (1982)     Seka
 Electric Blue 5  (1982)     Marilyn Chambers, Michelle Bauer
 Electric Blue 6  (1981)
 Electric Blue 007 (1982)     (James Bond themed video)
 Electric Blue 8  (1982)
 Electric Blue 9  (1982)
 Electric Blue 10  (1984)     Dee Booher, Veronica Hart, Ginger Lynn
 Electric Blue 11  (1984)
 Electric Blue 17  (1984)     Crystal Breeze, Venus DeLight
 Electric Blue 19  (1984)
 Electric Blue 20  (1985)
 Electric Blue 21 (1985)
 Electric Blue: Beverly Hills Wives  (1985)     Christy Canyon, Ricky Diamond
 Electric Blue 22  (1985)
 Electric Blue 24  (1985)
 Electric Blue 26  (1985)
 Electric Blue 27  (1985)
 Electric Blue 30  (1985)     Michelle Bauer, Robin Cannes
 Electric Blue 31 (1985)
 Electric Blue 33  (1985)
 Electric Blue 34  (1986)     Lois Ayres, Robin Cannes, Gina Carrera
 Electric Blue 35  (1986)
 Electric Blue 36  (1986)
 Electric Blue 37  (1986)
 Electric Blue 38  (1986)     Careena Collins, Samantha Fox, Gail Harris
 Electric Blue 39  (1986)
 Electric Blue 40  (1986)
 Electric Blue 41 (1986)     Blondi, Gail Harris
 Electric Blue 42  (1986)
 Electric Blue 43  (1986)     Blondi, Careena Collins, Gail Harris
 Electric Blue 44  (1986)
 Electric Blue 45  (1986)
 Electric Blue 46  (1987)
 Electric Blue 47  (1987)     Gail Harris, Ginger Lynn
 Electric Blue 48  (1987)     Gina Carrera, Careena Collins, Gail Harris
 Electric Blue 49  (1987)     Michelle Bauer, Careena Collins, Gail Harris
 Electric Blue 50  (1987)     Aja, Careena Collins, Gail Harris
 Electric Blue 51 (1987)
 Electric Blue 52  (1987)
 Electric Blue 53  (1987)
 Electric Blue 55  (1987)     Tracey Adams, Barbii
 Electric Blue 56  (1987)
 Electric Blue 57  (1987)

References

British pornographic television shows
Erotic television series
Nudity in television
Television series by Playboy Enterprises
Playboy TV original programming
1982 British television series debuts
1983 British television series endings
1980s British television series
Television shows set in the United Kingdom
1980s in the United Kingdom


Dhahar is a town in the eastern Sanaag region, and the capital of the Dhahar District. Puntland is in effective control, but Somaliland also has territorial claims.

Overview
The town is disputed between Somaliland and Puntland, who has significant influence in the town. In November 2009, Puntland and Somaliland forces clashed near Dhahar.

In 2016 an incident occurred between the two entities in Boodda-Cad, a remote settlement 30km west of Dhahar. According to Somaliland MP, Baar Said, the skirmishes took place away from Dhahar. A Somaliland Armed Forces base is present in the town where the 93rd division is positioned.

In January 2018, Gamal Mohamed Hassan, the Minister of Planning and International Cooperation visited Dhahar, as well as the city of Badhan in the Sanaag region along with Puntland officials.

In March 2021 police fired into the air to disperse pro-Farmaajo/anti Deni demonstrators in Dhahar district.

In August 2022, Puntland President Said Abdullahi Dani visited Dhahar and laid the foundation for a road connecting Dhahar and Hingalol. The 45 km road between Dhahar and Sheerbi is almost complete, but the road between Dhahar and Hingalol is only 20 km out of 70 km.

See also
Administrative divisions of Somaliland
Regions of Somaliland
Districts of Somaliland
Somalia–Somaliland border

References

External sites
Dhahar: Somalia, geographic.org

Populated places in Sanaag


Arthur Harold Morris (20 February 189815 October 1977) was an Anglican bishop in the 20th century.

Education and family
Born the son of  E. H. Morris (of Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire), Arthur was educated at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, taking the degrees Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 1920, and proceeding  Cambridge Master of Arts (MA Cantab) in 1924. Morris went straight from school into the army, and was commissioned into the King’s (Liverpool) Regiment in 1916 and became a second lieutenant in 1917. After only 113 days, he was deemed unfit for service because of a heart defect possibly resulting from an attack of pneumonia in the spring of 1915.   This left him free to study and he trained for the ministry at Ridley Hall, Cambridge and was ordained a deacon on Trinity Sunday (11 June) 1922 and a priest the next Trinity Sunday (27 May). He married Evelyn Ethel Woods in 1924 and they had three sons before he was widowed in 1953.

Priest
Following his title post, as assistant curate of All Soul, Harlesden, Morris' first incumbency was as Vicar of Great Clacton with Little Holland (1926–1930), after which he served the Church Pastoral-Aid Society as Metropolitan Secretary (from 1930). He then returned to vicaring, at St Mark's Hamilton Terrace (in Marylebone, London, from 1933), later (1939–1946) also becoming Rural Dean of the St Marylebone area. He was as an RAF chaplain in World War II (1940–1945) and served, briefly, as a Proctor in Convocation for London in 1945. After the war had ended — in 1946 —, he became both Archdeacon of Halifax and a canon (of St Hilda) of Wakefield Cathedral, and was elected a Proctor for that diocese.

Bishop
In 1949, he was moved to a different archdeaconry and canonry of the same diocese and cathedral — Archdeacon of Pontefract and St Chad's canon — and additionally appointed to the episcopate as the third Bishop of Pontefract, the bishop suffragan of the diocese. His appointment to the suffragan See was approved in August 1949 and he was ordained and consecrated a bishop on All Saints' Day (1 November) at York Minster.  Morris was appointed Bishop of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich after it had been vacant for over one year.  The diocese had expressed a wish not to have an administrator like the retired bishop but ‘a man of God’. At that time, the Prime Minister was the key figure in the appointment process and, advised by Archbishop Fisher, eventually offered the post to Morris after it had been refused by the Dean of Bristol. In recommending Morris, Fisher wrote ‘His strength lies in his pastoral work. He is sensible, practical and devout, and though he is no great preacher or theologian, he commends himself to his flock by his character and disposition.’  Morris was installed at St Edmundsbury Cathedral on 22 July, 1954. He was awarded the Lambeth degree of Doctor of Divinity (DD) the same year and entered the House of Lords as a Lord Spiritual in 1959. Morris resigned in September, 1965, following a stroke. A measure of his success was that when it came to a choice of a successor, the diocese sought a ‘pastorally-minded’ bishop like Morris. Leslie Brown, Archbishop of Uganda, pastor and theologian, was appointed.

In 1971, Morris wrote a short biographical note in which he described a diocese of nearly 500 parishes. ‘I regarded my work definitely as a pastoral bishop and it was my hope that I should be able to visit all the clergy, understand their difficulties and help them in any way possible to do their work efficiently. In other words, I regarded myself as a friend to all’.   He died on 15 October, 1977.

References

1898 births
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Halifax
Archdeacons of Pontefract
Bishops of Pontefract
Bishops of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich
1977 deaths
20th-century Church of England bishops
World War II chaplains
Royal Air Force chaplains


Chan Frank Coulter (September 24, 1901 – August 22, 1991) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in Johnson County, Iowa and died in Iowa City. In 1924 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 400 metre hurdles event.

Brother Coulter was involved with the Phi Gamma Delta for over 60 years, volunteering his support and service. In 1978 an International Fraternity award was created in his honor, the Chan F. Coulter Cup. The award is given annually to the graduate brother who has contributed the most to an undergraduate chapter through service in a capacity other than as a Purple Legionnaire or General Officer.

During his junior year of college, he was a hurdler on the 1924 U.S. Olympic track team. Following graduation, he worked in the insurance business many years before he began farming, which he continued until his retirement in 1963. He served as House Corporation Treasurer at Mu Deuteron ( U. of Iowa) from 1953 to 1958 and then again from 1960 to 1967. He later served as Section Chief and as Purple Legionnaire of Mu Deuteron on two occasions. Following his retirement, he did volunteer work for the American Legion, Veterans Hospital, and Farm Bureau.

References

External links

1901 births
1991 deaths
People from Johnson County, Iowa
Track and field athletes from Iowa
American male hurdlers
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics


Zllash (, ) is a mountain in eastern Kosovo, 9 miles east of the capital city of Pristina.

The mountain stands at  high and is part of the Goljak mountains. There is also a village with the same name.

References

Mountains of Kosovo


Mohamed Youssef  (; born 9 October 1970) is an Egyptian professional footballer who played as a defender for several clubs in Egypt, Turkey and Egypt national team.

Club career
Youssef began his professional career in the Egyptian Premier League with Al Ahly, winning six league titles over an eight-year period. In 1999, he moved to Turkey where he played in the Super Lig for Denizlispor and Diyarbakirspor. He returned to Egypt to play with Egyptian Premier League side ENPPI.

International career
Youssef has started his career with the U-17 national team and played with them at the 1987 U-17 world Cup in Canada and also played with the U-19 national team.

Youssef was the captain of the Egyptian team in the Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics and scored a goal against Colombia. He made his debut with the first Egyptian national team in a 1994 African Nations Cup qualifier against Morocco on 11 July 1993. Youssef made 95 appearances for Egypt national football team, including three matches at the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup, three qualifying matches for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and two qualifying matches for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He won with Egypt the 1998 African Nations Cup, and also played in the 1994 African Nations Cup and 2000 African Nations Cup.

Coaching career
Youssef began his coaching career as an assistant coach at Al–Ahly's first team in June 2009 until April 2013.

On May 7, 2013, Youssef was promoted as head coach. He led Al-Ahly to win the 2013 CAF Champions League, and reached the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup. in Morocco. On May 1, 2014, he resigned from Al-Ahly. On July 23, 2014, he was appointed as manager of Iraqi Premier League champions Al Shorta SC. Despite winning 11 and drawing 4 of the 15 league games he took charge of and was leading their group in the AFC Cup, he was sacked in May 2015. In July 2015, he became head coach of Smouha in the Egyptian premier league, playing also with the Alexandrian club in the CAF champions league. In July 2016, he returned to Iraqi Premier League Al Shorta SC as head coach.

In July 2017, he became head coach of Petrojet in the Egyptian premier league. In June 2018, Youssef returned to Al-Ahly as an assistant coach and sports director till the end of his contract on 31 August 2019.

On October 19, 2020, he was appointed as the head coach of the newly promoted National Bank of Egypt.

Managerial statistics

Honors

Player
Al Ahly
Egyptian Premier League: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99
Egypt Cup: 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96
Egyptian Confederation Cup: 1989
African Cup Winners' Cup: 1993
Arab Champions Cup: 1996
Arab Super Cup: 1997, 1998
Arab Cup Winners' Cup: 1994

International
African Cup of Nations: 1998

Manager
Al-Ahly
CAF Champions League: 2013
CAF Super Cup: 2014

References

External links

 Profile at Dr. Tarek Said's Homepage

1970 births
Living people
Egyptian men's footballers
Egyptian expatriate men's footballers
Egypt men's international footballers
1994 African Cup of Nations players
1998 African Cup of Nations players
1999 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
Al Mokawloon Al Arab SC players
Al Ahly SC players
Denizlispor footballers
Diyarbakırspor footballers
ENPPI SC players
Süper Lig players
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Egyptian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Al Ahly SC managers
Al-Shorta SC managers
Smouha SC managers
Petrojet SC managers
Egyptian football managers
Olympic footballers for Egypt
Footballers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Egyptian Premier League players
Men's association football defenders
Expatriate football managers in Iraq
Egyptian expatriate sportspeople in Iraq


Demons is a British six-part supernatural drama TV series produced by Shine TV, which premiered on ITV on 3 January 2009. It was produced by the same company that made the Sky One supernatural drama Hex and the BBC One fantasy series Merlin. The DVD of the only series made was released on 6 April 2009.

Overview
The plot follows the adventures of a London teenager Luke Rutherford, who learns that he is the last descendant of the Van Helsing line by the sudden arrival of his American godfather Rupert Galvin. Luke is charged with the role of smiting the gathering dark forces of the world whilst trying to live an ordinary life of exams and parties. Rupert Galvin helps train Luke with the assistance of Mina Harker, a blind vampiric concert pianist and authority on half-lives (i.e., vampires, demons, zombies, and werewolves). Luke's best friend Ruby also joins in on the action.

Cast and characters
 Philip Glenister as Rupert Galvin: An American demon hunter with a sarcastic sense of humour, Rupert is Luke's godfather. His close friend was Luke's late father, whose death Rupert may have been partly responsible for. Rupert appears ruthless and cold-blooded, driven by a fanatical hatred of demons after one murdered his wife. But he is a warm-hearted individual who cares about his friends and looks upon Luke as a son. He drinks too much to drown his sorrows.
 Christian Cooke as Luke Rutherford: The main protagonist, Luke is a student who is nearing graduation when he meets his godfather, Rupert, who informs Luke that he is a descendant of Van Helsing and it is his destiny to save the world from demons. Due to this bloodline he has above average speed, strength, and skill at martial arts. Luke is reluctant to fight the demons but does so out of duty, though he often complains that he would rather be attending social functions with his friends. Luke appears to have a nihilistic outlook on life, but cares greatly about his best friend Ruby despite sometimes appearing indifferent toward her.
 Holliday Grainger as Ruby: Ruby has been Luke's best friend since childhood. She is also in love with Luke, but is afraid to admit this. She has a rivalry with Mina and insists on accompanying the group in fighting demons. Her intelligence and resourcefulness often prove a great help to Luke, Rupert, and Mina, though they often overlook her.
 Zoë Tapper as Mina Harker: A beautiful but haughty blind woman, Mina has fought Half-Lives with Rupert and Luke's father. She is the same Mina Harker who appears in Bram Stoker's Dracula, having lived over a hundred years due to her vampire blood. She curbs her vampiric tendencies through dialysis. Mina has a psychometric sixth sense that allows her to touch objects and see their history. She treats Ruby like an annoying child. It is suggested that her blindness is a result of the measures she takes to suppress her vampiric tendencies as she is shown being able to move attack after drinking some of her own blood.
 Saskia Wickham as Jenny Rutherford: Luke's mother fears that he is becoming like his father: vague and always disappearing without telling her why.

Notable demons
 Gladiolus Thrip (Mackenzie Crook): A preening, narcissistic and ruthless hit-man, Thrip is a Type 12 entity, the most powerful type of demon there is. He has a cockney accent and speaks in a very pompous, verbose manner. He possesses superhuman speed and strength and is immune to most forms of attack. Nevertheless, he possesses an arrogant belief in his invincibility which leads to his apparent destruction at the hands of Luke in the first episode. Thrip had no nose and wore an ivory beak in its place which survived the apparent destruction of his body. He later returns in the final episode, working to drive Luke and Galvin apart; however he is ultimately slain by Mina, who awakens her vampiric nature by drinking a vial of her own blood. Thanks to her vampiric sense, Mina realises that Thrip is a vampire (explaining why he did not die previously and why he was so difficult to kill). She later tears out his throat, as the only one who can kill a vampire is another vampire, causing his body to liquefy. Thrip's superhuman speed was a hint to his true nature, as vampires bear the same kind of superhuman speed as seen in 'Suckers'.
 Gilgamel (Rick English): An ancient and powerful demon with an affinity for graveyards and churches, Gilgamel is a Travesty, a demon that can impersonate an angel. He feeds on the lifeforce of children who become his slaves after he devours their souls and help lure others into Gilgamel's clutches. While hunting for fresh victims, he appears as an ethereal white light; however his true form is that of a hideous, gargoyle-like demon, complete with cloven hooves, taloned wings and a skull resembling a Romanesque helmet. Luke easily dispatches him with a sword belonging to St Anselm (who had previously tried- and failed- to kill Gilgamel).
 Tobias Tibbs (Kevin McNally): A psychopathic genius, part man, part rat. Tibbs is the demon responsible for the death of Rupert Galvin's wife and so Rupert hates him most of all demons and will stop at nothing to kill him. Tibbs however does not appear to be remotely afraid of Galvin and enjoys taunting him over the death of his wife.
 Quincey (Ciarán McMenamin): A power-hungry vampire and the son of Mina and her husband Jonathan, Quincey views humans as an inferior species and thus believes that vampires are perfectly justified in hunting and killing them, viewing it as no more evil than humans killing and eating chickens. He wants Mina to join him because she possesses the blood of Dracula, the most powerful vampire who ever lived, with which he seeks to make himself invincible so that he can conquer the earth. Mina is reluctant to let him die, but he is eventually killed by Luke. Like Mina, Quincey was a character in Bram Stoker's Dracula, being mentioned at the end of the novel and named after another character called Quincey Morris.
Alice (Laura Aikman): A 3000-year-old harpy with a taste for human flesh and a predilection for preying on young men, Alice stalks her prey by taking the form of a beautiful young woman, which she uses to hunt Luke by posing as his girlfriend. When she so desires (or if forced by an external stimulus), she takes a more bestial form, becoming a winged beast that appears and behaves more like a dragon than the harpy of classical legend. She desires to kill Luke as revenge for one of his ancestors murdering her sisters, but Luke grudgingly dispatches her after learning her true nature.

Episodes

Reception
Demons debuted on ITV with 6.27 million viewers. Episode 1 received mixed reviews. Andrew Billen gave the show 4 stars in The Times stating that whilst it had similarities with other previous TV series, the producers "certainly know how to steal with panache." Sarah Dempster wrote in The Guardian that "The action is snappy and Philip Glenister (as ace vampire smiter Rupert Galvin) sizzles like a hot steak in his Milk Tray turtleneck, but this is thin soup for an audience weaned on the otherworldly warmth of Doctor Who and Buffy the Vampire Slayer" Charlie Brooker described the premiere episode as "a string of cutscenes from a quirky gothic videogame", stating that he was, "genuinely not sure if ITV are wheeling it out as a hit or sneaking it out as a clunker." Meanwhile, Kim Newman wrote in The Times that: "Demons is a show I'd really like to like, but it needs to free itself from the templates it's adopted to develop its own personality. The elements that intrigue all come from Stoker's still-influential novel, while the encrustations derive from more recent glosses on the great Van Helsing tradition." Kevin O'Sullivan gave Demons a more positive review describing it as, "diabolically daft...and wonderfully watchable." The second episode saw a drop in the viewing figures, achieving 5.58 million, and ratings continued to fall, plunging to 4.22 for the fourth episode and 4.04 for the fifth.

Philip Glenister's American accent has raised questions as to why he chose that voice for the series, with speculation forming that it was to distance himself from his Life on Mars and Ashes to Ashes character, Gene Hunt. Speaking at the Ashes to Ashes press launch Glenister said that: "[Rupert] was written as a Texan originally and I thought bollocks to that – I'm not playing a Texan. They said I could play him as English, but I wanted to have the challenge of playing an American."

Demons premiered in the United States on 2 January 2010, on BBC America, airing at 9:00 pm ET/PT.

On 19 June 2009 ITV confirmed it would not be making a second series of Demons.

See also
List of vampire television series

References

External links
 Official Philip Glenister site – Demons project

 Review, Leicester Mercury

British supernatural television shows
2000s British drama television series
2000s British horror television series
2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
British fantasy drama television series
Demons in television
ITV television dramas
Television series about teenagers
Television series by Endemol
Television shows set in London
Vampires in television


Belarus and Ukraine are both are full members of the Baku Initiative and Central European Initiative. In 2020, during the Belarusian protests against president Lukashenko, the relationship between Ukraine and Belarus began to deteriorate, after the Ukrainian government criticized Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko. In the waning days of 2021, the relationship between both countries rapidly deteriorated, culminating in a full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022. Belarus has allowed the stationing of Russian troops and equipment in its territory and its use as a springboard for offensives into northern Ukraine but has denied the presence of Belarusian troops in Ukraine. Even though part of the Russian invasion was launched from Belarus, Ukraine did not break off diplomatic relations with Belarus (unlike with Russia), but remain frozen.

Historical relations

Pre-1991 background

Both countries, each historically part of Kievan Rus' (9th to 13th centuries CE), came gradually under the control of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569-1795), and ultimately, of the Russian Empire (1721-1917). The Second Polish Republic ruled parts of each in the period from 1918 to 1939. Prior to the 1991 breakup, both countries formed part of the Soviet Union (founded in 1922) as the Byelorussian SSR (founded in 1920) and Ukrainian SSR (founded in 1919); they both became founding members of the United Nations in their own right in 1945. As Slavic nations, both Belarus and Ukraine share closely related cultures and are predominantly inhabited by the East Slavic ethnic groups of Belarusians and Ukrainians respectively.

There was an extensive period of diplomatic cooperation from 1918 to 1921 when the Belarusian Democratic Republic made contacts with the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) and the Ukrainian State of Pavlo Skoropadsky. Skoropadsky's government made the largest overtures to the Belarusians, with him himself informally recognizing the Belarusian DR as de facto independent in October–November 1918, although de jure recognition did not materialize. The UNR, although hesitant in the beginning, ultimately attempted to follow this route in international relations after Skoropadsky's fall. During this period, although without formal recognition, both countries established diplomatic ties in May 1918, exchanged diplomatic missions, the Ukrainians provided financial assistance to the Belarusian government and there were ideas of a federated defensive alliance between Ukraine and Belarus.

Modern era
Today, the two countries share an 891–km border. An agreement on the state border between Belarus and Ukraine signed in 1997 was to be submitted to the Belarusian parliament for ratification after Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko and former Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko finished the process of the formalization of the border issues between the two states in early November 2009.

Breakdowns in relations

In August 2020, during the Belarusian protests against Lukashenko, Ukraine recalled its Ambassador to Belarus for the first time to assess "the new reality" and prospects of further bilateral relations between the two neighboring countries. Belarus returned detained contractors (whom Lukashenko said were part of the Wagner Group) to Russia, coming in defiance of Ukrainian calls to send those who were detained to Ukraine to be prosecuted for their role in the War in Donbass. In a meeting with member of Ukraine's Verkhovna Rada Yevgeniy Shevchenko in April 2021, Lukashenko criticized former Ukrainian president Leonid Kravchuk for suggesting that Minsk be removed as a host in the Normandy Format as a result of the protests.

In response to the forced diversion of Ryanair Flight 4978 by the Belarusian government in May 2021, Ukraine banned Belarusian airlines from operating in Ukrainian airspace. In addition, Ukraine joined the European Union in imposing sanctions on Belarusian officials. In response to Ukraine, Belarus imposed new trade barriers on a variety of Ukrainian goods entering Belarus.

In February 2022, Russian troops invaded Ukraine from Belarus. Belarus has also stated that Russian nuclear weapons will be on Belarusian soil.

Diplomatic visits
 From Ukraine to Belarus
 Petro Poroshenko (Minsk, 2014)
 Petro Poroshenko (Minsk, 2015)
 Petro Poroshenko (Gomel, 2018)
 From Belarus to Ukraine
 Alexander Lukashenko (Kyiv, 2004)
 Alexander Lukashenko (Kyiv, 2009)
 Alexander Lukashenko (Kyiv, 2017)
 Alexander Lukashenko (Zhytomyr, 2019)

Resident diplomatic missions
 Belarus has an embassy in Kyiv.
 Ukraine has an embassy in Minsk and a consulate-general in Brest.

See also

 Foreign relations of Belarus
 Foreign relations of Ukraine
 Belarus–Ukraine border
 Belarusians in Ukraine
 Belarusian involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
 Monument to the Belarusians who died for Ukraine

References

External links

 Belarusian embassy in Kyiv (Ukrainian-language link)
Belarusian embassy in Kyiv (Russian-language link)
 Ukrainian embassy in Minsk (in Russian and Ukrainian only)
Belarus and Ukraine cooperate in the face of Russian pressure  Belarus Digest

Ukraine
Bilateral relations of Ukraine


Channy is a given name. People with this name include:
Cheam Channy (born 1962), Cambodian male politician
Channy Yun (born 1973), South Korean male technologist
Chantel Woodhead (born 1974), English female footballer
Channy Leaneagh, American female musician

Unisex given names


The Constitutional Guard (French: Garde Constitutionnelle) was a French royal guard formation which lasted a few months in 1792 as part of the Maison du Roi, being superseded by the National Guard. It existed in the period of the constitutional monarchy during the French Revolution.

History

Decree
When the National Constituent Assembly dissolved itself on 3 September 1791, it decreed as a final measure that King Louis XVI should have a Constitutional Guard, also known as the Garde Brissac after its commander Louis Hercule Timolon de Cossé, Duc de Brissac. This guard's formation was the only court reform to be put into effect, but it only lasted a few months, being superseded by the National Guard.

Creation and organisation
Formerly created on 16 March 1792 and numbering 1,200 infantry and 600 cavalry, the Constitutional Guard provided a substantial force expected to ensure the security of the constitutional monarchy in the event of any uprising in Paris. It was recruited from a mixture of regular soldiers with good service records and selected volunteers. Members of the former Régiment des Gardes Françaises (which had mutinied immediately before the storming of the Bastille) were specifically excluded from the new corps.

The commanding officer of the Constitutional Guard was the Duc de Brissac, formerly commander of the Cent-Suisse company of Swiss Bodyguards and noted for his personal loyalty to the king.
The new force was stationed in and near to the Tuileries palace. Queen Marie-Antoinette had asked that it be uniformed in sky-blue but the conservative politician Antoine Barnave was able to persuade her that this apparently minor measure would lead to confusion with the German mercenary regiments of the former Royal Army. The Constitutional Guard was accordingly issued with the dark blue coats of the French National Guard.

The Guard was organised into two infantry battalions, and 3 cavalry squadrons, known simply as the "Mounted" and "Foot" sections.

Unpopularity
Although the new corps had been organised and sworn in according to the requirements of the Constitution of September 1791, it almost immediately became the object of suspicion and hostility by the growing revolutionary movement. There were street brawls between guardsmen and anti-monarchists, and revolutionary newspapers inaccurately described the Constitutional Guard as being made up of aristocrats. This appears to have been an attempt to link the new guard with its predecessor - the recently disbanded Gardes du Corps, which had been recruited solely from members of the nobility.

Dissolution
On 29 May 1792 the Constitutional Guard was disbanded. This measure was undertaken following a formal request from the Legislative Assembly addressed to King Louis, whose position had been weakened following the abortive flight to Varennes. He hoped, by concurring in the dissolution of his guard, to win support for several vetoes that he wished to impose. These related to measures aimed at the deportation of refractory priests and the establishment of a military camp for provincial militias near Paris.

The Constitutional Guard was replaced by units of the Paris National Guard, who took over responsibility for the security of the Tuileries palace and the royal family resident there. Lacking any particular commitment of loyalty to the monarchy, the National Guard was to prove unreliable when the Tuileries was finally stormed by revolutionary forces on 10 August 1792. The Duc de Brissac was arrested on charges of planning to use his guardsmen against the Assembly, and subsequently killed during the September Massacres that followed.

Uniform
The standard uniform for the Constitutional Guard was a dark "navy" blue frock coat with red facings, a black bicorne; with white trim, and white breeches and black boots.

Images

Members of the Guard
Royalists
Louis Hercule Timoléon, Duc de Cossé-Brissac
Henri de la Rochejaquelein
Louis François Perrin de Précy
Louis Charles d'Hervilly
Charles Marie de Beaumont d'Autichamp
Others
Joachim Murat
Jean-Baptiste Bessières
Henri César Auguste Schwiter

Notes and references

Bibliography
Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, Alfred Fierro, Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française, Paris, Robert Laffont, 1998.
François Grouvel, La Garde constitutionnelle du Roi, dite Garde Brissac, Librairie d'histoire : La révolution.
Mareschal de Bièvre (Comte), La Garde constitutionnelle de Louis XVI (1791–1792), P., Carnet de la Sabretache s. d., paginé de 332 à 502.
Gérard Jaeger, "La Garde constitutionnelle. Le sabre de la garde à pied de Louis XVI" dans Tradition Magazine, n° 149, octobre 1999.
Garde constitutionnelle du Roi aux Archives Nationales : O1 664 à 671 (pension) 3696 à 3699 (maison militaire) année 1791 et AF I 1 et 2 : règlements, ordres de service, consignes, personnel, comptabilité... (armoire de fer).

Military units and formations of France
1792 events of the French Revolution
Military units and formations established in 1792
Military units and formations disestablished in 1792


Papyrus 47 (P. Chester Beatty III), designated by siglum  (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is an early Greek New Testament manuscript written on papyrus, and is one of the manuscripts comprising the Chester Beatty Papyri. Manuscripts among the Chester Beatty Papyri have had several places of discovery associated with them, the most likely being the Faiyum. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the early 3rd century CE. The codex contains text from the Book of Revelation chapters 9 through 17. It is currently housed at the Chester Beatty Library (Inv. 14. 1. 527) in Dublin.

In November 2020, the CSNTM in conjunction with Hendrickson Publishers released a new 1:1 high-resolution imaged facsimile edition of  on black and white backgrounds, along with  and .

Text

The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), written with blank ink on papyrus. The manuscript is quite fragmented, containing the text of Revelation 9:10-11:3; 11:5-16:15; and 16:17-17:2. The Greek text of this codex is considered a representative of the Alexandrian text-type (the text-types are groups of different manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups, which are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine). Biblical scholar Kurt Aland ascribed it as a Normal text, and placed it in Category I.

The text of this manuscript is closest to Codex Sinaiticus (), and they are witnesses for one of the early textual types of the Book of Revelation. Another type is represented by the manuscripts Papyrus 115 (), Codex Alexandrinus (A), and Codex Ephraemi (C). The text in - is considered to be an inferior witness to the text of Revelation as opposed to that of -A-C.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading

New Testament papyri
3rd-century biblical manuscripts
Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament
Manuscripts in the Chester Beatty Library
Book of Revelation papyri


Olivia in Concert is a 1983 home video release of a concert by singer Olivia Newton-John. The concert was taped at Dee Events Center, Weber State University in Ogden, Utah on October 12 and 13, 1982, during Olivia's Physical Tour. It originally premiered as a television special on HBO on January 23, 1983. The video charted at No. 15 on Billboard Top Videodisks and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 50,000 units in the United States. The video album was nominated for a Grammy as Best Video Album in 1983.

Track listing
"Deeper Than the Night"
"Let Me Be There"
"Please Mr. Please"
"If You Love Me, Let Me Know"
"Jolene"
"Sam"
"Xanadu"
"Magic"
"Suddenly"
"A Little More Love"
"Silvery Rain"
"Falling"
"Heart Attack"
"Make a Move on Me"
"Hopelessly Devoted to You"
"You're the One That I Want"
"Physical"
"I Honestly Love You"

Weekly charts

Production
 Costume Design – Fleur Thiemeyer

References

Olivia Newton-John video albums
Live video albums
Olivia Newton-John live albums
1983 video albums
1983 live albums
HBO network specials
1983 television specials


The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps (), also known simply as the Artillery Museum, is a state-owned military museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Its collections – consisting of Russian military equipment, uniforms and decorations – are hosted in the Kronverk (a crownwork of the Peter and Paul Fortress) situated on the right bank of the Neva near Alexander Park. The museum is managed by the Russian Ministry of Defence.

Location
The museum is located on the southern shore of Petrogradsky Island, directly across the Kronverkskiy Strait from the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Exhibits
Among the exhibits are:

 Cannons made by Andrei Chokhov – the maker of the Czar Cannon
 An official chariot used for transportation of the artillery banner in the middle of the 18th century
 The cannons from "the entertainment regiments" of Peter the Great
 Personal arms, medals, and gifts received by Russian emperors and military commanders
 Trophy arms
 The famous Katyusha rocket launcher of World War II
 A room dedicated to the Kalashnikov AK-47 and its designer, Mikhail Kalashnikov.
 Array of Cold War era artillery pieces, anti-aircraft systems, armored vehicles, and missiles

References

External links

Official website (in English)
Unofficial website (in Russian)

Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps (Saint Petersburg)

Military and war museums in Saint Petersburg
Artillery museums
Peter and Paul Fortress


Battlemorph is a 1995 shooter video game developed by Attention to Detail (ATD) and published by Atari Corporation for the Atari Jaguar CD. It is the sequel to Cybermorph (1993), a pack-in game for the Atari Jaguar. Taking place 30 years after the events of the original game, the player pilots the morphing infiltration fighter War Griffon in an extermination mission against the Pernitia empire, which plans to launch a full-scale invasion to eradicate humanity and take over the galaxy after being pushed back to their home planet. The player is tasked with various objectives, while fighting against enemies and bosses, across eight galaxy clusters in order to liberate them from control of the empire.

Battlemorph was pitched by ATD to Atari after the launch of Cybermorph, being announced in 1994 as one of the first upcoming titles for the Jaguar CD add-on. The team wanted to make a sequel and implement ideas that they were not able to include, while also using techniques learned late during development of the first game to improve the experience. It received generally favorable reception from critics; praise was given to the sountrack, ability to traverse any terrain, and overall improvements made over Cybermorph, though some felt mixed regarding its presentation, visuals, and controls. Retrospective commentary has been equally favorable and is cited as one of the best games for the platform.

Gameplay and premise

Like its predecessor, Battlemorph is a three-dimensional shooter game played from a third-person perspective. The plot takes place 30 years after the events occurred in Cybermorph; the Pernitia empire was pushed back to their home planet after defeat by the resistance but at the cost of human colonies. The Earth Defense Council decided not to risk another invasion, building interstellar battle cruisers to patrol colonies. There were no signs of irregularity, but cruisers near the Perseus star cluster began disappearing, while other fleets reported signs of Pernitian activity in eight galaxies before their disappearance. The Council deployed the Sutherland cruiser carrying the morphing infiltration fighter War Griffon into the Perseus cluster, but runs out of plasma energy after using its warp drive systems.

The main objective of the game is to collect plasma energy held off by Pernitian generals on each galaxy and reach the Pernish cluster to exterminate the empire, before they launch a full-scale invasion to eradicate humanity and take over the galaxy. The player can select a planet, each one showing a mission briefing, and load the War Griffon with up to four special weapons to use before being launched into the location. Various types of mission objectives such as retrieval of data pods, activation of detonators in military outposts, and elimination of enemy headquarters, must be completed in order to clear a planet. Each galaxy cluster consists of multiple planets that can be played in any order, with a boss on the last planet that must be defeated before moving into the next cluster.

The War Griffon can traverse through the main planetary surface as well as underwater areas and interconnected tunnels. When flying through tunnels, the view changes to a first-person perspective, and the player can only rotate left and right while blocked doors can be opened by shooting at switches inside these sections. Some bodies of water can benefit or harm the player, while more enemies and obstacles are introduced in later areas. There are two special weapons available to choose from at the start, but new weapons can be obtained by finding four fragments to expand the War Griffon's arsenal. However ammunition for special weapons must be picked up, as they are not refilled after clearing a planet, while their overall capacity is increased by finding hidden expansions. Other upgrades for the War Griffon are also found through each planet.

The player can switch between third-person and first-person views, or change the camera angle into a top-down perspective. Returning from Cybermorph is Skylar, an artificial intelligence which transmits in-game information to the player such as nearby objectives. The War Griffon can collect energy pods to restore a small amount of energy, and a full recovery is done by finding an energizing ring. The player has a set number of lives at the start and game is over if all are lost, although extra lives can be found hidden in the planets. Progress is automatically saved if a Memory Track cartridge is present, otherwise players can play through the game without saving. The game features support for the ProController.

Development

Battlemorph was developed by British studio Attention to Detail (ATD), which previously worked on Cybermorph (1993) for Atari Jaguar and Blue Lightning (1995) for the Jaguar CD. It was produced by Sean Patten of Atari Corporation. The coding work was handled by a programmer under the pseudonym "Sadge", with technical director Fred Gill (one of the original five founding members of ATD), Andrew Holtom, and Peter Long providing additional support, while Andrew Howe was in charge of optimizations. The game's levels were co-designed by Jim McPhail and Stuart Tilley, who also worked on Cybermorph and Blue Lightning. David West, Ian G. Harling, and Joanne Surman were responsible for the artwork and 3D models. Surman was also responsible for the full-motion video cutscenes alongside Jon Baker and Vince Shaw-Morton. The soundtrack was scored by Will Davis, and features the voice work of comedian Rob Brydon and Vicky Lowe as Skylar.

According to Gill, a sequel to Cybermorph was pitched by ATD to Atari after the first game was finished and released to the market. Gill stated that the staff wanted to make a follow-up and implement ideas they were not able to include in the original game. The team also used techniques they learned late during development of Cybermorph to improve the overall experience. Both Gill and Gibbs recalled that Sam and Leonard Tramiel demanded the team to implement texture mapping into the title in response to Total Eclipse (1994) on the 3DO. However, Gill stated that "we steered away from that battle" to keep the game's frame rate between 15-20 frames per second. Internal documentation from Atari showed that development of the game was completed by December 11, 1995. Gill has since retrospectively commented that he would have liked to improve the performance but expressed being proud of Battlemorph.

Release
Battlemorph was announced in 1994 as one of the first upcoming games for the Jaguar CD add-on. It was first showcased at the 1994 Summer Consumer Electronics Show and originally slated for a December launch. The title was then featured in a non-playable state at the 1995 Winter CES, where it was initially announced to be a pack-in game with the Jaguar CD. It also showcased in an early playable state at E3 1995 and slated for an August release. The game was covered by the press that were invited to Atari, featured in a promotional recording sent by Atari to video game retail stores on October 9, and showcased during an event hosted by Atari dubbed "Fun 'n' Games Day".

Battlemorph was published in North America and Europe in December 1995. After finishing their contractual work with the Jaguar platform, Attention to Detail would go on to develop Blast Chamber (1996) for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn. In 1999, composer Will Davis released the game's soundtrack online via MP3.com. In 2020, independent publisher Songbird Productions acquired the rights to Battlemorph and announced a limited reprint alongside a music album, which were released in 2021. Songbird Productions also announced plans for a potential catridge version of the game.

Reception

Battlemorph garnered generally favorable reception from critics. Game Playerss Patrick Baggatta lauded its graphical prowess, gameplay depth, innovative environment design, and the ability to fly in any direction and travel underwater, but found the above-ground navigation problematic due to the draw distance and the aircraft's control initially difficult. GameFans Dave Halverson and Casey Loe praised the ambient techno-style music, larger worlds, varied mission objectives, and overall improvements made over Cybermorph. Halverson called it "one of the Jag's brightest lights", though Loe acknowledged that "it won't blow anyone away with its 3-D capabilities".

VideoGames magazine commented that the game looked and played better compared to Cybermorph, citing the variety of enemies, controls, and fast-pacing. Next Generation contended that while the graphics have little detail and a short draw distance, they carry a strong sense of style and suspense, particularly in the underwater sections. They also concurred with Baggatta that the controls are imperfect but said they become easier with practice. Game Zero Magazines two reviewers noted the ability to dive into bodies of water and commended the game's soundtrack, diverse objectives, and controls, but criticized its limited texture mapping, intermissions, and the announcer voice.

GamePros brief review, however, argued that "Battlemorph provides below-average terrain-skimming shooting in a typical polygon environment and features really poor control." German publication ST-Computer noted the diegetic music and frame rate, but felt that it was graphically limited. Marc Abramson of the French ST Magazine disagreed with other reviewers regarding the usage of texture mapping for objects and enemies, finding it to be an improvement over Cybermorph, while praising the scenery, intermission cutscenes, complex missions, and overall longevity.

Fun Generations Martin Weidner and Stephan Girlich gave positive remarks to the audiovisual presentation and gameplay. MAN!AC Oliver Ehrle commended the different missions and controls, but ultimately opined that the game played identical to its predecessor. ST Formats Frank Charlton echoed similar thoughts as other critics praising the game, lauding its appealing visuals, atmospheric music, varied missions, and lack of slowdown. Atari Gaming Headquarters Brian C. Bessemer regarded it as "an excellent sequel to Cybermorph", highlighting its replayability, audio, and lack of loading times, but did not concur with Charlton about the visuals, stating that they "just don't mix all too well."

Retrospective coverage
Retrospective commentary for Battlemorph has been equally favorable. The Atari Times Gregory D. George found it to be a "remarkable upgrade" over Cybermorph, noting the audiovisual presentation and controls. Author Andy Slaven also highlighted the improved visuals, soundtrack, and mission variety. AllGames Kyle Knight commented, "If you had to choose one game to demonstrate how great the Jaguar CD add-on could have been, Battlemorph would be a likely candidate." Knight referred it as one of the best games released for the Jaguar CD, lauding the graphics, the music, and the way it offers the player a variety of options for responding to attacks, achieving objectives, and exploring environments. In 2013, HobbyConsolas identified Battlemorph as one of the twenty best games for the platform. Christian Roth of German website neXGam also gave the title a positive retrospective outlook. In 2023, Time Extension also listed it as one of the best games for the Jaguar.

References

External links

 Battlemorph at AtariAge
 Battlemorph at GameFAQs
 Battlemorph at MobyGames

1995 video games
Atari games
Atari Jaguar CD games
Atari Jaguar-only games
Attention to Detail games
Science fiction video games
Shooter games
Single-player video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in outer space
Video games set in the future
Video games set underwater


Gotan Object is a box set by electro/nuevo tango-band Gotan Project. This box set is in essence an expanded version of the double live album Gotan Project Live released simultaneously. The box set consists of:
- Double CD Gotan Project Live (La Revancha del Tango Tour/Lunático Tour)
- Unreleased 7" vinyl (featuring the 2 bonus tracks from the double live album)
- DVD Visiones (projections used during the tours)
- 152-page photo book titled Carnet de Viajes
- Puzzle poster

Track listing

CD 1: La Revancha del Tango Tour
 "Live Intro" - 1:32
 "Queremos Paz" - 4:14
 "Vuelvo Al Sur" - 6:03
 "El Capitalismo Foraneo" - 5:47
 "La Del Ruso" - 6:30
 "Santa María (Del Buen Ayre)" - 8:26
 "Nocturna" - 2:49
 "Triptico" - 9:36
 "Chunga's Revenge" - 5:17
 "Last Tango in Paris" - 6:19
 "Sola" - 7:10
 "Santa María (Del Buen Ayre)" (Versión Orquestal) - 2:57 (Bonus Track)

CD 2: Lunático Tour
 "Diferente" - 6:28
 "La Vigüela" - 5:36
 "Amor Porteńo" - 5:24
 "Época" - 4:57
 "Notas" - 4:30
 "Lunático" - 3:17
 "Che Bandonéon" (Interlude) - 1:21
 "Una Música Brutal" - 4:02
 "Santa María (Del Buen Ayre)" - 4:57
 "Arrabal" - 4:52
 "El Norte" - 5:14
 "Criminal" - 3:46
 "Tríptico" - 9:26
 "Diferente" (Versión Orquestal) - 4:00 (Bonus Track)

7" Vinyl
 "Santa María (Del Buen Ayre)" (Versión Orquestal) - 2:57
 "Diferente" (Versión Orquestal) - 4:00

DVD: Visiones
 "El Capitalismo Foráneo/Vuelvo Al Sur" (Medley) - 5:23
 "Tríptico" - 6:21
 "Una Música Brutal" - 4:02
 "Santa María (Del Buen Ayre)" - 5:09
 "Kyrie" - Excerpt from La Misa Criolla - 1:00
 "Época" - 4:25
 "Diferente" - 3:33
 "Lunático" - 3:02
 "Amor Porteño" - 5:07
 "Celos" - 2:54
 "La Vigüela" - 5:02

External links
 Official site
 Discogs entry

Gotan Project albums
2008 live albums


A tie chain is a neckwear-controlling device.

Description
Similar to tie clips and tie bars, it is used to hold in place a tie to the underlying shirt front, ensuring that the tie hangs straight. This accessory is composed of two parts, a durable clip and a chain (typically of gold or silver). The clip attaches to a button or attaches to the placket on the shirt and when properly worn is covered entirely by the tie. The chain is then left to rest across the necktie, keeping the tie secure.

References

Types of jewellery
Neckties
Fashion accessories


Canal+ Afrique is an African version of Canal+, available mainly in the francophone countries of Central and West Africa, as well as some non-francophone countries such as Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Ghana and Cape Verde. The Service is broadcast off the Satellite NSS 7 at 22° West.

Channels list

Canal+
 Canal+
 Canal+ Cinéma
 Canal+ Séries
 Canal+ Family
 Canal+ Sport
 Canal+ Premium
 Canal+ Sport
 Canal+ Seriale
 Canal+ Action

Entertainment
 TF1
 France 2
 France 3
 France 5
 M6
 Arte
 D8
 Canal+ Domo (Poland)
 NT1
 Nollywood TV
 Novelas TV
 Novelas+ (Poland)
 WION
 Zee Magic

Children's
 Télétoon+
 Piwi+
 Disney Channel
 Nickelodeon
 Gulli
 TiJi
 Canal J
 Disney XD
 Cartoon Network
 Disney Junior
 Boomerang
  Toonami

Hindi
DD India
DD News
Zee News
Republic TV
Star Plus
Zee TV
Sony Entertainment Television
Times Now
Sony Pix
Zee Tamil
Zee Anmol

Cinema
 Paramount TV
 Canal+ Film
 Ciné+ Star
 Ciné+ Frisson
 Ciné+ Emotion
 Action HD
 Canal Hollywood
 Disney Cinema
MN+
Zee Studio
Zee Cinema
Sony Max
DD National
Star Gold

Music
9XO
Zing
Zee ETC Bollywood
MTV Bets
9XM
M Tune
Music Now

See also
 Canal+ Group
 Canal+ (French TV provider)
 Canal+ Calédonie
 Canal+ Caraïbes
 DStv
StarTimes

References

External links
 Official Site

Mass media in Africa
Afrique
Direct broadcast satellite services


Foreign relations between Belgium and Mexico commenced in 1836, when Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico. In 1919, the Belgian Chamber of Commerce of Mexico was established. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.

History

In the 16th century, Belgian tradespeople traveled to what would become Mexico. In 1537, Belgians began Mexico's first brewery. Starting in the 1830s, Belgian engineers worked in Mexico to build the first Mexican railroad with Belgian materials; there were even plans for a Nueva Bélgica, a colony to be built in Chihuahua.

Diplomatic relations were started in 1825 when Mexico established consular relations with the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Belgium became independent in 1830, and in 1838, representatives were sent to Mexico. The first consulate-level representatives were sent to Mexico in 1842. In 1861, both nations signed a Treaty of Friendship thus formally establishing diplomatic relations.

In 1861, France, under Emperor Napoleon III, and at the invitation of Mexican conservatives and nobility, sent troops to invade Mexico and to help create the Second Mexican Empire. While the French were in Mexico (also known as the Second French intervention in Mexico), Maximilian I of Mexico and his wife, Charlotte of Belgium (known as Carlota of Mexico) succeeded the throne in 1864. During the Battle of Tacámbaro on 11 April 1865, 300 Belgian Legion soldiers fighting for the Mexican Empire fought against Mexican Republicans (those who fought for President Benito Juárez). Several dozen Belgian soldiers were killed during the battle.

When Emperor Maximilian I faced execution, Belgium instructed its representative, Hoorickx, to assist the Austrian ambassador's ultimately failed efforts to persuade the Mexicans to grant clemency. After the execution of Emperor Maximilian I in 1867, Belgium and Mexico would not establish diplomatic relations until 1879.

In 1890 Belgium invested US$1.2 million to open a silver and copper mine in Michoacán. In 1900 Baron Moncheur, the Belgian Minister in Mexico, wrote a study of the conditions and resources of southern Mexican states while "contributing in great measure to the development of the commercial relations between Belgium and Mexico." In 1903 the National Railroad of Mexico, in which the Mexican Government had a large financial interest, opened a standard gauge line. The turning of the previous narrow gauge railroad into a standard gauge railroad was accomplished with 25,000 tons of rails from Belgium. By 1913 the National Railroad of Mexico was lobbying the government of Victoriano Huerta not to grant any further rights to the Belgian syndicate competing against them. Again in 1926 Belgium was shipping 1,000 tons of steel rails for the railroad.

During World War II, Mexico closed its diplomatic legation in Brussels and moved its diplomatic staff to London where the Belgian government in exile was residing. In 1940 Belgian residents of Mexico supported Hubert Pierlot as Prime Minister of Belgium during the Nazi occupation. After the war, Mexico returned to having a resident diplomatic legation in Brussels and in 1954, both nations raised their diplomatic legations to embassies. That same year, Belgium opened its embassy in Mexico on June 5, 1954. In 1980, Mexican protesters peacefully occupied both the Belgian and Danish embassies to demand freedom for political prisoners and better living conditions for Mexicans.

In 2018, the Brussels' Flower Carpet featured cultural elements from the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, including symbolism from the Chupícuaro, Otomí and Purépecha cultures.

In February 2019, Princess Astrid of Belgium paid a visit to Mexico where she led an economic mission to Mexico that included events in Mexico City and Monterrey and she met with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.

High-level visits

High-level visits from Belgium to Mexico

 King Baudouin of Belgium (1965)
 King (then Prince) Philippe of Belgium (1998, 2003, 2009, 2010)
 Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene (1999)
 Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt (2002)
 Princess Astrid of Belgium (2019)

High-level visits from Mexico to Belgium

 President Luis Echeverría Álvarez (1973)
 President Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (1985)
 President Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1990, 1993)
 President Vicente Fox (2002)
 President Felipe Calderón (2007)
 President Enrique Peña Nieto (2015)

Belgians in Mexico

 Francis Alÿs, artist known for interdisciplinary works of art, architecture, and social practices.
 Carlos Francisco de Croix, marqués de Croix of Lille was appointed as viceroy (1766–1771). He suppressed native Mexican rebellions in the north of Mexico and expelled the Jesuits on June 25, 1767.
 Carlota of Mexico, born Princess Charlotte of Belgium, daughter of King Leopold II of Belgium. She became empress consort at the birth of the Second Mexican Empire, as wife of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.
 Edgar Everaert founder of Club Deportivo Guadalajara, popularly known as Chivas
 Pedro de Gante, who was active from 1523 to 1572, devised a catechism in rebus form. He organized a craft industry and art education and built hospitals for the native Mexicans.
 Gustave Maryssael, an electrical engineer started SOFINA. In 1936 he was president of the Companía Mexicana the Luz y Fuerza Motriz and later director-general in 1962.
 Simon Pereyns of Antwerp is considered the founder of Mexican painting, and some of his painted screens are in the Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral.
 Jan de Vos, historian who became guest-advisor to the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) during the peace talks with the Mexican Government.
 Ronald Zollman, from 1994 to 2002, was music director of the National Autonomous University of Mexico Philharmonic Orchestra.

Bilateral agreements
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Treaty of Friendship, Navigation and Commerce (1861); Treaty of Trade and Shipping (1895); Extradition Treaty (1938); Agreement for Cultural Cooperation (1964); Agreement to Avoid Double Taxation and Prevent Tax Evasion in Taxes on Income (1992) and an Air Transportation Agreement (1999).

Transportation
There are direct flights between Brussels Airport and Cancún International Airport with TUI fly Belgium.

Trade
In 1997, Mexico signed a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union (which includes Belgium). In 2021, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$3.9 billion. Belgium's main exports to Mexico include: chemical based products; medicine and pharmaceutical products; and automobiles. Mexico's main exports to Belgium include: chemical based products, medical equipment, computers, automobiles, tractors and telephones. Belgian multinational companies such as Agfa-Gevaert, Janssen Pharmaceutica and Katoen Natie operate in Mexico. Belgian company Anheuser-Busch InBev owns a 50% share in Grupo Modelo, Mexico's leading brewer and owner of the global Corona brand.

Resident diplomatic missions
 Belgium has an embassy in Mexico City.
 Mexico has an embassy in Brussels.

See also
 Foreign relations of Belgium
 Foreign relations of Mexico
 Battle of Tacámbaro
 Belgian Mexicans

References

Mexico
Bilateral relations of Mexico


Le Grand Akshan is a 2003 documentary film by Ron Goldman about a doomed ship's failed voyage to Mandatory Palestine that happens to uncover shocking family secrets.

Plot
Reading a newspaper article about the search for the wreck of the , a small ship that was torpedoed and sunk carrying Jewish refugees from Axis-allied Romania to Palestine, Goldman is shocked when his grandmother reveals that his great-great-grandfather Luzer was one of the nearly 800 passengers who died that day in the waters of the Black Sea. This once-unspoken family history leads Goldman to dig deeper and further, until he has revealed a narrative that is deeply complex, and says more about his legacy than his ancestors ever hoped to share.

At the center of this narrative is Goldman's great-grandfather, Luger's son Grisha, a man whose tenacity earned him the professional nickname, Le Grand Akshan, or “the truly stubborn one.” Goldman once considered his great-grandfather a source of embarrassment because of the corny middle name he inherited from the mysterious “man with the sharp, piercing look” whose picture hung in his grandmother's study. He is shocked to learn the central role that Grisha played in helping his family escape the Holocaust. His heroics involved a harrowing series of moves that took him to Romania, Iraq, India and, eventually, the young state of Israel, where Grisha entered the nascent cinema industry. Goldman became fascinated with his great-grandfather, and the drive to learn more about him fuels Goldman to complete the film.

See also

 — a similar sinking on 5 August 1944
Patria disaster
Struma disaster
Voyage of the Damned

References

External links
The Jewish Channel's review

Documentary films about Jews and Judaism
Israeli documentary films
Documentary films about historical events
2000s English-language films


Papyrus 48 (Gregory-Aland), signed by 𝔓48, is an early copy of a part of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles, it contains portions of Acts 23:11-29.
The manuscript paleographically has been assigned to the 3rd century.

Although the text of this codex is extremely small, the Greek text of this codex has been called a representative of the Western text-type. Aland placed it in Category IV.

It is currently housed at the Laurentian Library (PSI 1165) in Florence.

See also

 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading

 G. Vitelli and S. G. Mercati, Papiri greci e latini della Società Italiana X, (1932), pp. 112–118.

Images
 Image 𝔓48 verso
 Image 𝔓48 reverso

External links

 Robert B. Waltz. NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri 𝔓48 Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism

New Testament papyri
3rd-century biblical manuscripts
Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament
Acts of the Apostles papyri


Hanwei Group () is a company based in Dalian, China. It is China's biggest producer of eggs. In October 2008, it became embroiled in a scandal involving traces of melamine being found in its eggs.

Overview
Hanwei group specialises in egg-based products and seafood. It is the biggest producer of eggs in China, exporting to Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Some processed egg products are exported to the United States.

History
The company was founded by Han Wei, currently the vice-chairman of Dalian's Federation of Industry and Commerce. He is also a notable party delegate.

2008 Melamine scandal

On 22 October 2008, authorities in Hong Kong removed Hanwei product "Select Fresh Brown Eggs" from shop shelves, as more than twice the legal limit of the plastic melamine was found in them. The eggs contained 4.7 ppm (part per million) of melamine, compared to the government imposed legal limit of 2.5 ppm for melamine in food. It is thought that the eggs became contaminated after the chickens which laid them were fed tainted feed. Melamine is commonly added to food to increase the apparent protein content. The practice is illegal.

On 29 October 2008, board director Han Wei issued a statement saying,  "We feel rather shocked and sorry and would like to shoulder all responsibilities and consequences resulting from the incident." He admitted that no explanation for the delay has been given so far, though melamine had been found in the feed back in September. The company was planning to sue the feed producer.

References

External links
Hanwei Group Homepage

Companies based in Dalian
Food and drink companies of China
2008 Chinese milk scandal