Papyrus 49 (Gregory-Aland), designated by 𝔓49, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle to the Ephesians, surviving in a fragmentary condition. The manuscript has been palaeographically assigned to the 3rd century. It was probably a part of the same manuscript as Papyrus 65. It came from Egypt and was purchased for the Yale University Library. Textually it is close to the Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus. The text of the manuscript has been published several times.

Description
The original size of the leaf was  in height by  in width. The leaf is damaged at the top, and six lines of its text have been lost. At the present time the leaf measures . The lower and outer margins are ; the upper and inner margins were lost.

The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition and contains the texts of Ephesians 4:16-29; 4:31–5:13. According to Kurt Aland, it is one of three early manuscripts with the text of the Epistle to the Ephesians.

The text is written in one column per page of 29 lines, with 38 letters per line (average). It has no breathings (spiritus asper, spiritus lenis) nor accents. The double point (:) is the only mark of punctuation. The letters are slightly inclined to the right; the writing shows the influence of cursive handwriting. It was written by a professional scribe. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland ascribed it as "at least Normal text", and placed it in Category I. Bruce M. Metzger identifies it as Alexandrian text. According to Philip Comfort and David Barrett the manuscript shows a strong agreement with Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus (in 14 out of 16 textual variants).

According to Comfort, 𝔓49 and 𝔓65 came from the same manuscript. Both manuscripts have the same measurements, and the same number of lines per page. Both were written by a documentary hand, both manifest the same formation of certain letters, such as titled lambda, titled sigma, extended iota, and toiled ypsilon. The nomina sacra and abbreviations are written in the same rather unusual way. Bradford Welles remarks that "there is not a single case of difference in the letter shapes in the two papyri". Neither use ligatures. The only difference is in the number of letters per line: 𝔓65 has more letters per line (42). The same situation exists in Papyrus 75. The scribe of 𝔓75 appears to have realized that he was running out of room in his codex and added three letters in each line and even added extra lines. The manuscript may be one of the earliest manuscripts to display a complete Pauline codex, along with Papyrus 13, Papyrus 15/Papyrus 16, Papyrus 30, Papyrus 46, and Papyrus 92.

 Textual variants

In Ephesians 4:23, 𝔓49 has the rare textual reading  (in spirit) instead of the reading  (spirit). The reading of the codex is supported by Codex Vaticanus, minuscule 33, 1175, 1739, 1881 and several other manuscripts.

In Ephesians 4:28, it has the unusual textual reading ταις χερσιν το αγαθον, supported only by , second corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Old-Latin a, and vgst. The rest of the manuscripts have the readings: το αγαθον (Porphyrianus, minuscule 6, 33, 1739, 1881); το αγαθον ταις χερσιν (Angelicus, Athous Lavrensis, 323, 326, 614, 630, 945); το αγαθον ταις ιδιαις χερσιν (Codex Mosquensis I, 2495); ταις ιδιαις χερσιν το αγαθον (Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, 81, 104, 365, 1175, 1241, 2464, vgcl).

In Ephesians 5:4, it has the textual reading και (and), supported by , first corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus (א1), Codex Vaticanus, second corrector of the Codex Bezae, manuscripts of the Byzantine textual tradition, Peshitta, Coptic manuscripts in Bohairic dialect; the other reading η (or) is supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 81, 104, 326, 365, 1175, 1241, 1739, 2464, Old-Latin manuscripts, syrh, and Coptic manuscripts in Sahidic dialect.

In Ephesians 5:5, it has the textual reading ο εστιν (who is), supported by the manuscripts: , Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Athous Lavrensis, 33, 365, 1175, 1739, 1881, 2464, Old-Latin, Peshitta, Coptic manuscripts (Sahidic and Bohairic); the other reading ος εστιν (who is) is supported by Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, and manuscripts of the Byzantine textual tradition.

In Ephesians 5:9, it has the textual reading φωτος (light), supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 6, 33, 81, 629, 1175c, 1739, 1881, 2464, some Old-Latin manuscripts, Peshitta and Coptic manuscripts. The reading πνευματος (spirit) is found in the manuscripts , D2, Ψ, majority of the Byzantine manuscripts and syrh.

History
The handwriting of the manuscript displays many third-century features. Comfort dated the manuscript to the middle of the third century. It is presently assigned to the third century on palaeographic grounds by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research (INTF). It was probably written in Egypt, but it cannot be assigned to any particular locality.

The manuscript was purchased in Cairo for Yale University in February 1931. Its provenance prior to Cairo is not known. Currently it is housed at the Yale University Library (P. Yale 415) in New Haven.

The text of the codex was published by William Hatch and Bradford Welles in 1958 (editio princeps). Kurt Aland catalogued the manuscript on the list of the New Testament papyri under the number 49.
Susan Stephens gave a new and complete transcription of the codex in 1985. Comfort and Barrett again gave a new reconstruction in 1999.

Vittorio Bartoletti (1920–1990) was the first to note that Papyrus 49 and Papyrus 65 were produced by the same scribe. This conclusion was confirmed by Bradford Welles, Comfort and Barrett, and other palaeographers. They are still catalogued as separate manuscripts on the INTF's list.

Text

[recto (Eph 4:16-25)]
 [16] – [οικοδομην εαυτου] ε̣ν̣ αγαπ[η [17] το]υ̣το̣ ο̣υ̣ν λ̣[εγω και
 μαρτυρομ]α̣ι εν κ̅ω̅ μη̣κετι υ[μας π]ε̣ρ̣[ι]π̣ατ[ειν καθ]
 [ως και τα] ε̣θνη ·περιπατει εν̣ [ματαιοτ]η̣τ̣ι του
 [νοος] αυτων [18] εσκοτωμενοι τη ·δ[ια]νο̣ι̣α οντες
 [απηλ]λοτριωμ̣ενοι της ζωης του θ̅υ̅ δ̣ια την αγνοι
 [αν τη]ν̣ ουσαν εν ·αυτοις δια τ̣η̣[ν πωρ]ω̣σιν της
 [καρδια]ς αυ̣των̣ [19] οιτινες απηλ[γηκοτες] ε̣αυτους
 [παρεδ]ω̣καν τη̣ ·α̣σελγια ε̣ι[ς] εργα̣[σιαν] α̣καθαρ
 [σιας πασης εν πλεο]ν̣ε̣ξ̣ια [20] υμ̣[εις δε] ο̣υ̣χ̣ ουτως
 [εμαθετε τον χ̅̅ν̅ [21] ει γε] α̣υτον ηκ̣[ουσατ]ε̣ και εν αυτω
 [εδιδαχθητε καθως εστι]ν̣ α̣λ̣η̣θ̣ε̣ι̣α̣ ε̣ν̣ [τω] ι̣̅̅υ̅ [22] [α]π̣οθεσθε
 [υμας κατα τη]ν̣ προ[τεραν α]ναστροφη̣[ν το]ν̣ παλαιον αν
 [θρωπον τον] φ̣θ̣ε̣ι̣ρομενον κατα τα[ς ε]π̣ιθυμιας της
 [απατης [23] ανα]νεο̣υσθαι δε εν τω π̅ν̣̅[ι̅ το]υ νοος ·υμων
 [24] [και ενδυσασ]θ̣α̣ι̣ τ̣ον καινον ανθ̣[ρωπο]ν̣ τον κατα
 [θ̅ν̅ κτισ]θ̣εντ̣α εν δικαιοσυνη̣ τ̣ι̣ της αλη
 [θειας [25] δι]ο̣ αποθ̣εμενοι το ψευδ̣[ος λαλει]τ̣[α]ι̣ ·αληθειαν
 [εκαστος μ]ε̣τ̣α του̣ πλησιον αυτ̣[ου οτι εσμεν] α̣λ̣λ̣η̣λ̣ων
 [μελη [26] ο]ρ̣γιζ̣ε̣σθαι και μη̣ αμαρ̣τ̣αν[ετ]α̣ι ο ηλιος
 [μη επ]ι̣δυετω επι παρο̣[ργ]ι̣σμω ·υμω̣ν̣ [27] μηδε
 [διδοτε τ]οπον τω διαβολ̣ω̣ [28] ο κλεπτων μηκετει
 [κλεπτετ]ω μαλλον δ[ε κ]ο̣πιατω εργ̣[α]ζ̣ομενος
 [ταις χερσι]ν̣ το ·αγαθον ινα εχη με̣[τα]δ̣ιδο̣να̣ι
 [τω χρεια]ν̣ ·εχοντι [29] πας λογος σαπρος [ε]κ̣ του στομα
 τος υμων

[verso (Eph 4:29-5:13)]
 ρισατο ημ[ιν [1] γιν]ε[σθ]ε̣ ουν μιμηται του θ̅υ̅ ω̣ς̣ τ̣ε̣[κνα] αγα
 πητα [2] κα̣[ι] π̣ε̣[ρι]πατειται εν αγαπη καθως κ[αι]
 ο χ̅ς̅ ηγαπησε[ν] ·[ημ]ας και παρεδωκε[ν] εαυτον [υπερ]
 ημων πρ̣ο[σφορα]ν̣ κ̣α̣ι θυσιαν τω θ̅ω̅ ε̣[ι]ς̣ οσμη[ν ·ευω]
 διας [3] πορν[εια] [δε] κ̣αι ακαθαρσια πασα̣ η ·π̣λ̣ε[ο
 ν]εξεια μη̣δ̣[ε ονο]μ̣αζεσθω εν υμιν̣ [κ]α̣θως π[ρεπει] ·
 αγιοις [4] και εσ̣[χροτ]ης και μ̣ω̣[ρολογια η ευτραπελια α]
 ουκ α̣νηκεν̣ α̣λ̣λ̣[α μ]α̣λ̣[λον ευχαριστια [5] τουτο γαρ]
 ειστε γιν̣ωσκ̣[ο]ντ̣[ες] οτι π̣α̣[ς πορνος η ακ]α[θαρτος]
 η πλεονεκτη̣ς̣ ο̣ [εσ]τ̣ιν ειδωλο̣λ̣α̣τ̣ρ̣η̣ς̣ ου̣[κ εχει]
 κληρονομεια εν̣ [τη] βασιλεια του χυ̅ κ̣α̣ι θ̅υ̣̅ [6] [μηδεις]
 υμας απ̣ατατ̣ω̣ [κε]ν̣οις ·λογοις δια τ̣α̣υτ̣α̣ [γαρ ερχε]
 τε η̣ οργη του̣ θ̣[υ̅ επι] τους̣ υ̣ιο̣υς της απισ̣τι̣α[ς [7] μη]
 ουν γινεσθ̣[ε συμμετ]οχ̣[οι] ·α̣υ̣των [8] ητε γαρ π̣[οτε]
 σκοτος ν[υν δε φω]ς̣ ε̣ν̣ ·κ̅ω̅ ως̣ τεκ̣[ν]α φ̣[ωτος πε]
 ριπατειτ̣ε̣ [9] [ο γαρ] [καρπ]ο̣ς̣ τ̣ο̣υ φωτος εν πα̣[ση αγα]
 θοσυνη και δ̣[ικα]ιοσυν̣η κ̣α̣ι̣ αληθεια [10] δ̣οκι[μα]
 ζοντες τι εστ̣[ι]ν ευα̣ρεσ[το]ν̣ τω κ̅ω̅ [11] και μη [συγ]
 κοινωνειται το̣ις εργοις τ[οις] α̣καρποις του σ̣κ̣[οτους]
 μαλλον δε κ̣[α]ι̣ ελλεγχετ̣[ε] [12] τ̣α κρυφη γινο̣[μενα]
 υπ ·αυτων [αι]σχ̣ρον εστιν και ·λεγειν [13] τα̣ [δε] [παν]
 τα ελλεγχο[μ]ενα υπο του φωτος φανερ[ουται]

See also
 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading
 W. H. P. Hatch and C. Bradford Welles, A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians, Harvard Theological Review LI (1958), pp. 33–37.

External links

 Image 𝔓49 recto
 Image 𝔓49 verso

New Testament papyri
3rd-century biblical manuscripts
Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament
Epistle to the Ephesians papyri


Alexander Gillan Wedderspoon (3 April 1931 – 10 June 2014) was an Anglican priest, academic, and British Army officer. He was Dean of Guildford from 1987 to 2001.

Early life
Wedderspoon was born on 3 April 1931 in Glasgow, Scotland. His father was a Church of Scotland minister. He was educated at Westminster School, then an all-boys public school in London. After his military service, he went on to study at Jesus College, Oxford.

Career

Military service
Wedderspoon undertook National Service as a commissioned officer in the British Army. He was commissioned on 1 April 1950 as a second lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery. On 16 December 1951, he was granted the acting rank of lieutenant. He relinquished his commission, therefore ending his liability for call up, on 1 February 1962.

Religious life
Wedderspoon was ordained in 1961. He was then a curate in Kingston upon Thames, a lecturer in religious education at the University of London, priest in charge of St Margaret's, Westminster and then a canon residentiary at Winchester Cathedral before his appointment at Guildford Cathedral, a position he held for 14 years.

Later life
He died on 10 June 2014.

Notes

External links
 The Very Rev Alexander Wedderspoon - obituary. In: The Daily Telegraph, 26 June 2014

1931 births
2014 deaths
Military personnel from Glasgow
20th-century British Army personnel
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Royal Artillery officers
Academics of the University of London
Deans of Guildford


River Street Historic District can be one of three listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places

River Street Historic District (New Haven, Connecticut), part of the Fair Haven section of that city
River Street Historic District (Troy, New York), now part of the Central Troy Historic District
Northern River Street Historic District, another Troy neighborhood
River Street Historic District (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania).


The Prussian Class G 4 were German, six-coupled, goods train, steam locomotives with a boiler pressure of 12 bar, built primarily for the Prussian state railways. Classified by the state railway in 1905, they included 16 locomotives from the railway division of Mainz, that originally came from the Hessian Ludwigsbahn. These earlier locomotives were delivered between 1872 and 1896 and did not meet the Prussian norms.

The later G 4.1 engines were an evolutionary development of the Prussian G 3, but their higher boiler pressure enable a significant increase in power to be achieved. Between 1884 and 1901 some 165 G 4.1 locomotives were delivered; in addition there were numerous conversions of locomotives which originally had a 10 bar boiler pressure. However, not all of them were designated as G 4 engines.

In 1923 the Deutsche Reichsbahn planned to incorporate 92 of these locomotives in its renumbering plan as 53 7601 - 7692. But by 1925 only locomotive numbers 53 7601 - 7617 were included. They were retired by 1930.

The Lübeck-Büchen Railway (LBE) also owned two locomotives of this class, built in 1892 and 1893, but they classified them as G 3s and had retired them by 1923.

The Class G 4.1 engines were coupled to Prussian pr 3 T 12 tenders.

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses
 List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses

References

0-6-0 locomotives
G 04.1
Railway locomotives introduced in 1884
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
C n2 locomotives
Freight locomotives
SACM locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Hohenzollern locomotives
Humboldt locomotives
Schichau-Werke locomotives
Union Giesserei locomotives


The portrait of Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière was painted in 1806 by the French Neoclassical artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, and today hangs in the Louvre.

It is the third of three portraits of the Rivière family the artist painted that year. Caroline's father, Philibert Rivière, was a successful court official under Napoleon's empire, and sought to commemorate himself, his wife and daughter through a commission with the then young and rising artist—Ingrres's portraits of Philibert and his wife are also still extant. Although Ingres favoured subject matter drawn from history or Greek legend, at this early stage in his career he earned his living mainly through commissions from wealthy patrons.

The family lived outside Paris, at St. Germain-en-Laye, and Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière would have been between 13 and 15 at the time she was portrayed; Ingres described her as the "ravishing daughter".

Description
Rivière's portrait describes slightly built and youthful femininity and hints at a hesitant openness. The painting is rendered in bright hues and set against a serene white-blue early spring landscape, the freshness of which was intended to reflect the youth of the sitter. The background is not deeply portrayed; the perspective is shallow and rises—according to the art historian Robert Rosenblum—in "flattened horizontal tiers against which the figure seems crisply silhouetted as if in low relief."

Typical of contemporary portraits by Ingres, Caroline lacks anatomical accuracy. Her neck is overly elongated, and the bridge of her nose extends too far. Rivière is portrayed with a stiffness and awkwardness typical of her age, and shown in a manner which was intended to emphasise a sense of the nascent purity and simplicity of her youth. Yet the painting is generally seen in the light of pathos and tragedy, as the sitter died within a year of the work being completed.

It was, along with Ingres's two other portrayals of the family, exhibited in the 1806 Salon, but was poorly received for its perceived "Gothicness" (due to its precision of line and enamel finish) and its similarity to Jan van Eyck and other artists of Early Netherlandish painting (in French "Les Primitifs Flamands") who at the time were only just being rediscovered. Further, the manner in which the whiteness of the sitter's dress contrasts with the curve of her boa offended some viewers. Today the painting is typically seen as a peak in Ingres's artistic career, and in this work Ingres introduces an emotional link between figurative and landscape art, and the watery scape behind the sitter evokes rhythms with many of the visual themes presented in the rich imagery of the foreground.

In 2003, the art critic Jonathan Jones remarked of the painting,

The sexuality Ingres usually reserved for harem fantasies slips over into the real and respectable world in this charged portrait. His obviously intense visual relationship with his subject and his contentment to look, with a clinical waxy fetishism, at Mademoiselle Rivière's full lips, bared neck, long gloves and spectacularly serpentine boa, lend this picture drama."

Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière was bequeathed to the Louvre in 1870 by Caroline Rivière's sister-in-law.

See also
 List of paintings by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Notes

Bibliography
 Mackrell, Alice. Art and Fashion. London: Batsford, 2005.
 Rosenblum, Robert. Ingres. London: Harry N. Abrams, 1990.
 Toussaint, Hélène. Les Portraits d'Ingres. Paris: Ministère de la Culture, Editions de la Reunion des musées nationaux, 1985. 28–31.
 Whiteley, Jon. "Ingres. London, Washington and New York". The Burlington Magazine, Volume 141, Number 1154, May, 1999.

External links
 Analysis at artble.com
 2003 Guardian discussion on the relationship between the artist and sitter's mother
 Entry on Louvre website

Portraits by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1806 paintings
Paintings in the Louvre by French artists
19th-century portraits
Portraits of women
Portrait paintings in the Louvre


Neetimati is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 60th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Nishādham in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 6th rāgam in the 10th chakra Disi. The mnemonic name is Disi-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri gi mi pa dhu nu. Its  structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
:
:
(this scale uses the notes chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, prati madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Varunapriya, which is the 24th melakarta rāgam.

Janya rāgams
Neetimati has a few janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it of which Hamsanadam is quite popular. See List of janya rāgams for full list of scale associated with Neetimati.

Compositions
A few compositions set to Neetimati are:
Aravinda Lochanane by Ambujam Krishna
Vachamgochara by Thyagaraja
Mohanakara muthu by Koteeswara Iyer
Smaranam by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
Sri Tulasi Neetimati by Smt. Kalyani Varadarajan

Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Neetimati's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 1 minor melakarta rāgam Gangeyabhooshani. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Gangeyabhooshani.

Notes

References

Melakarta ragas


United is a Norwegian movie that was released in 2003.

The main characters are: Kåre (Håvard Lilleheie), Anna (Berte Rommetveit), Iversen (Sondre Sørheim), and Stian (Vegar Hoel). Henrik Mestad and Harald Eia play smaller roles. Football commentator Arne Scheie debuts on the big screen in this romantic comedy.

The film received "die throws" of 3 in Dagsavisen, and 4 in Stavanger Aftenblad, Dagbladet, VG, Aftenposten, Bergens Tidende, and Nordlys.

See also
 List of association football films

References

2003 romantic comedy films
2003 films
Norwegian association football films
Norwegian romantic comedy films


Gillardeau oysters are a brand of edible oysters that are produced by the Gillardeau family and their small private company, which was founded in 1898 in Bourcefranc-le-Chapus near La Rochelle and the Île d'Oléron in western France.

Gillardeau now produces roughly half its oysters in Normandy, near Utah Beach, and half in County Cork, Ireland, He also gets his oysters from P. Sugrue one of the worlds top growers from Kerry Ireland  where the waters are cleaner, there are fewer parasites and less agricultural runoff, and the area is easier to farm with tractors.

References

1898 establishments in France
Aquaculture
Oysters
Commercial molluscs


The Vee Bar Ranch Lodge was built in 1891 as the home of Lionel C.G. Sartoris, a prominent Wyoming rancher. The ranch was later owned by Luther Filmore, a Union Pacific Railroad official, and the Wright family, who operated the ranch as a dude ranch.  The property comprises five historic buildings including the lodge, original corral and a stock chute.

Sartoris bought the Vee Bar lands from homesteader Theodore Brubaker in 1890. Sartoris was English in origin, and a partner in the Douglas William Sartoris Cattle Company, which in 1885 was worth an estimated $2 million. By 1892 the company had failed. Sartoris departed for South America and the ranch was taken over by Susan J. Fillmore, who from 1903 leased it to Gordon and Myra Wright. In 1911 the Wrights bought the ranch, adding a second floor to the lodge. Dude ranching began in 1912 to supplement income.

The ranch is situated in a bend of the Little Laramie River with five contributing buildings and supporting ranch structures. The original log lodge was built by the Fillmores in 1901 and expanded in 1911. A modern addition dates to 1975.

The Vee Bar was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It continues in operation as a guest ranch.

References

External links
 at the National Park Service's NRHP database
Vee Bar Ranch Lodge at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Houses completed in 1891
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Dude ranches in Wyoming
Houses in Albany County, Wyoming
Ranches in Wyoming
Ranches on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Albany County, Wyoming


The Martineau family is an intellectual, business and political dynasty associated first with Norwich and later also London and Birmingham, England. The family were prominent Unitarians; a room in London's Essex Hall, the headquarters building of the British Unitarians, was named after them. Martineau Place in Birmingham's central business district was named in their honour.

Harriet Martineau (1802-1876), the sociologist and abolitionist,  is the family's most celebrated member.

In Birmingham, several of its members have been Lord Mayor. They worshipped at the Church of the Messiah. As Unitarian, they married into families of  the same denomination, such as the Kenricks and the Chamberlains, though Harriet eventually became an atheist in contrast to her brother, the religious philosopher  James Martineau. Several of the Martineaus are buried in Key Hill Cemetery Birmingham, either in the family vault or separately.

Huguenot beginnings
The Martineaus came from a Huguenot immigrant background, and were noted in the medical, intellectual and business fields. In France, the family had registered their  Arms: Azure three towers Argent.  Gaston Martineau, a surgeon in Dieppe, moved to Norwich after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685; the edict had allowed French Protestants freedom of religion and the Huguenots left France for safety.

French links
Initially Calvinist dissenters, Gaston and his wife  raised their children to be bilingual in French and English. Gaston's grandson David Martineau II (1726–1768) was the third generation of master surgeons (Maître Chirurgien), and had five sons who made up the male line of Martineaus. David and his wife were buried in  l’Église Protestante Française de Norwich where a  mural tablet  commemorates his "eminence  in his skill as a Surgeon"  and his wife, Dame Sarah Martineau, who was "distinguished for sound judgement, warm affection and fervent piety". Their eldest son, surgeon Philip  Meadows Martineau, of Bracondale Estate was an active member of the French community in Norwich and lived in Paris for some time. A  member of the  Royal Society and the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London,  Martineau was spoken of in Paris  as "le lithotomiste le plus éminent et le plus heureux de son époque". By the fourth generation the family was divided into Anglicans and Unitarians.

Philip Meadows Martineau and family

The eldest of the five sons of David Martineau II and Sarah Meadows (1725-1800) was Philip Meadows Martineau (1752–1829). A surgeon, Martineau was "one of the most distinguished lithotomists of his day". Apprenticed to the surgeon William Donne, who was noted for skill in lithotomy, he studied medicine at several universities.  After Edinburgh University in 1773, "in 1775 he passed through London for a turn of 12 months". He then returned in 1777 to Norwich  to become Donne's partner, and carried on his speciality. Henry Herbert Southey was his student. He had one daughter. Martineau and friends set up the Norfolk and Norwich Trienniel Festival to raise money for the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital.

The  Martineau and Taylor families  were "at the head of the Whig party in Norwich" and  by the 1780s, Philip's first cousin, poet and composer  John Taylor (1750-1826) was hosting radical parties at his home in Norwich which  Philip's family attended, including  his mother Sarah, to whom  John Taylor, her nephew, was  "much attached". A number of  other  Norwich Whig  "worthies" attended these events.  By 1784, the two cousins,  Philip and John, had established the Norwich City Library and  the annual reunion of the Martineau and Taylor families which continued well into the 1850s.

Martineau was a medical colleague and friend of Dr Sylas Neville. The two men and their families accompanied Martineau's cousin John Taylor to a great banquet at Holkham Hall on the night of 5 November 1788 celebrating the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Their host was Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester who encouraged John to sing the song he had written for the occasion - The Triumph of Liberty.  Over 500 guests were invited to the event, almost all of whom, including invitee the Prince of Wales were "Whig elites".

Having  purchased the Bracondale Woods on the outskirts of Norwich in 1793, in 1811 he acquired the adjacent property of Carrow Abbey. He built Bracondale Hall, described in 1847 as a "handsome mansion with pleasure grounds delightfully laid out". From the ruins of Carrow Abbey, Martineau also constructed on his estate a "small gothic priory with windows of ancient stained glass". By 1879, this estate, including the Manor of Carrow, had been sold following the death of Martineau's unmarried daughter Frances Anne.

The second son, David Martineau (1754–1840), had four sons and six daughters and the third, Peter Finch Martineau (1755–1847), had four sons and two daughters. The fourth son, John Martineau of Stamford Hill, had 14 children, including John Martineau  the engineer and Joseph Martineau (1786-1863) whose wife Caroline (née Parry) was presented to King George IV in May 1824 at St James Palace. The fifth son, Thomas, is mentioned below.

Thomas Martineau and family
Thomas Martineau (1764–1826), a manufacturer of textiles, was the fifth son of David Martineau II and Sarah Meadows, whose siblings, according to Burke's Landed Gentry, were Margaret (1718–1781, mother of John Taylor) and Philip Meadows (1719–83), solicitor and Lord of the Manor of Diss, Norfolk. On 13 January 1855, the Examiner reported that the siblings' "collateral ancestor was Sir Philip Meadows, the ambassador of Oliver Cromwell".

Thomas grew up in Norwich, attending family friend Mrs Barbauld's school, the Palgrave Academy in Suffolk, as did his first cousin John Taylor.
A "reading man" himself, in Martineau's family "there was always discussions about books and ideas". Thomas Martineau and John Taylor were deacons of Norwich's Unitarian church, the Octagon Chapel, from 1797. Alongside John Taylor, Martineau and his two brothers, Philip Meadows and David, are recorded in 1819 as being commissioners for the "City and County of the City of Norwich".
Both Thomas Martineau and John Taylor were benefactors of Harris Manchester College, Oxford University, when the college was in York, and proprietors of the Bow Gas Company, which obtained their Act of Parliament on the 1st of May, 1821, but had run into questionable financial circumstances by 1823.

Thomas married Elizabeth Rankin (8 October 1772 – 26 August 1848) in 1793. Elizabeth had her portrait painted a year before her death by a member of the Bonham Carter family.

By the 1790s, Thomas had acquired the leasehold of Gurney Court in Magdalen Street, Norwich. His older children, including Robert (1798–1870) and Harriet, were born at Gurney Court, which was owned by the Gurney family. The two  Nonconformist Norwich families were close and would eventually intermarry with the marriage, in 1879, of Frances Julia Martineau (1853–1931) – Peter Finch Martineau's great-granddaughter – to the Rev. Joseph John Gurney (1848–1890) of Earlham Hall, the Gurney's family seat. Thomas' finances and investments remained viable until around 1825–26, when, in the Panic of 1825, the stock market and banking system collapsed. Thomas died on 21 June 1826 and is buried at Rosary Cemetery,  the first non-denominational burial ground in the United Kingdom.

Thomas and Elizabeth  had eight children. Thomas and Elizabeth Martineau's eldest child was a daughter, Elizabeth (1794–1850), who married Dr Thomas Greenhow, a reforming doctor in Newcastle, co-founder of the city's eye infirmary. The Greenhows' daughter Frances married into the Lupton family of Leeds. Frances was an educationalist and worked to expand educational opportunities for girls.

Their eldest son was Thomas (1795–1824), a surgeon who co-founded the Norfolk and Norwich Eye Infirmary, which later became part of the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital.

Another son, Robert (1798–1870), became a magistrate, town councillor and then Mayor of Birmingham in 1846. He married Jane Smith (died 1874). He hired John Barnsley to build a mansion in Edgbaston, with a large wing for his mother, who lived there till her death in 1848, and another for his own family. Barnsley had already built most of Birmingham's grand Victorian and Edwardian public buildings.

Their best known child was their sixth, Harriet (1802–1876), the political author and a pioneer sociologist. She sometimes stayed with her widowed mother and her brother Robert, including during his mayoral tenure. The three of them, and other members of the family, are buried together in the Martineau vault at the Key Hill Cemetery, Birmingham.

Their seventh child, James (1805–1900), was a religious philosopher and a professor at Manchester New College. He was a guest teacher in Liverpool, where his sister, Rachel (1800–1876), ran a private girls' school which was attended by Elizabeth Gaskell's daughters. James's daughter was the watercolourist Edith Martineau (1842–1909).

Sir Thomas Martineau and family

Sir Thomas Martineau (4 November 1828 – 28 July 1893) was the son of Robert, Mayor of Birmingham (1846–1847) and Jane Martineau.  Five successive generations have served as Mayors of the city since the mid 19th century. born on the family estate on Bristol Road, now Martineau Gardens, Birmingham. A solicitor, he married Emily Kenrick (1838–1899), whose family was also part of Liberal Birmingham politics. Emily was the sister of Florence (1847–1875), whose marriage to Joseph Chamberlain bore a son, Neville, who became prime minister. Emily was also the cousin of William Kenrick MP.

Joseph Chamberlain was then the leader of  the Liberal Unionists, and with his assistance Sir Thomas was instrumental in getting the Welsh Water Bill through Parliament and getting Birmingham made an assizes town. Like his father, Sir Thomas was also Mayor of Birmingham, holding office from 1884 to 1887, the year Queen Victoria was received by him when opening Birmingham's Victoria Law Courts. He was subsequently invited in 1887 to Windsor Castle, where he was knighted by the Queen.  He died on 28 July 1893 and is buried alongside his family at Key Hill Cemetery. Colonel Ernest Martineau (1861–1952), son of Sir Thomas, was Lord Mayor of Birmingham between 1912 and 1914; his first cousin, Neville Chamberlain, replacing him in this role in 1915.

Robert Francis (16 May 1831 – 15 December 1909), brother of Sir Thomas, was an alderman, secretary of the Birmingham and Midland Institute, chairman of the Technical School committee, trustee to Mason Science College, and then a member of the council of its successor institution, the University of Birmingham. He and his family were the third generation of Martineaus to live at Highfield Road, Kings Norton, Edgbaston.

National and international interests
The intermarried Martineau and Lupton clan counted many aldermen and lord mayors, in both Birmingham and Leeds respectively, amongst their kin. Their Unitarian faith and Liberal (Unionist) political beliefs resulted in their combined commitment to many national concerns. For example, Sir Raymond Unwin's concept of the garden suburb greatly interested Robert Francis Martineau and his cousin, Francis Martineau Lupton.

International issues were also of great concern to the family; Robert Francis Martineau welcomed the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison to his home when the American visited Birmingham on 7 July 1877 and two days later, Martineau's relative, Joseph Lupton, had Garrison as a guest at his Leeds house from 9–15 July.

Lord Mayors of Birmingham
Members included five generations, father to son, of Mayors or Lord Mayors of Birmingham:
Robert Martineau (1798–1870), Mayor of Birmingham, 1846–47
Sir Thomas Martineau (1828–1893), Mayor of Birmingham, 1884–87
Ernest Martineau (1861–1952), Lord Mayor of Birmingham, 1912–14
Sir Wilfrid Martineau (1889–1964), Lord Mayor of Birmingham, 1940–41
Denis Martineau (1920–1999), Lord Mayor of Birmingham, 1986–87

A blue plaque, erected in 2008 by the Birmingham Civic Society in the Council House, commemorates all five.

Link to Catherine, Princess of Wales

Research revealed in 2014 that Catherine, Princess of Wales is a descendant of the Martineau family; her great-grandmother, Olive Middleton (née Lupton), was the daughter of Francis Martineau Lupton (1848–1921), who had attended political conferences in Birmingham with his Martineau alderman cousins. Olive Middleton's brother was named Lionel Martineau Lupton (1892–1916) in honour of their Martineau family heritage.

Legacy
There is a society devoted to the Martineau family of Norwich. "Specifically, the Society aims to highlight the principles of freedom of conscience advocated in the nineteenth century by Harriet Martineau and her brother, Dr. James Martineau."

The National Portrait Gallery holds nearly 20 portraits of James and Harriet Martineau. Catherine, Princess of Wales, the gallery's patron, is a distant relative of them.

There was a school named after Sir Wilfrid Martineau, now subsumed within the International School, Birmingham.

Notes

References

English families
Huguenot families
Catherine, Princess of Wales
English Unitarians
Burials at Key Hill Cemetery


Ivan Matveyevich Muravyov-Apostol (;  – ) was a Russian statesman and writer.

Ivan Muravyov-Apostol came from an old notable family. His father was military engineer Matvei Muravyov and his mother was Elena Apostol, granddaughter of a Zaporozhian hetman Danylo Apostol) (Ivan adopted the last name Muravyov-Apostol at solicitation of his cousin in 1800). Ivan Muravyov-Apostol himself was the father of three Decembrists (besides seven other children) – lieutenant colonel Matvey Muravyov-Apostol (1793-1886), lieutenant colonel Sergey Muravyov-Apostol (1796–1826), and warrant officer Ippolit Muravyov-Apostol (1806–1826).

Ivan Muravyov-Apostol was born near the town of Borovichi in Novgorod guberniya. In 1773, he was turned soldier of the Izmaylovsky Regiment. In 1776–1777, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol attended Leonhard Euler's boarding school and then was home-schooled after its closing. In October 1784, he joined the staff of Saint Petersburg Governor-General Yakov Bruce first as a legal adviser, then as an aide-de-camp (1785), and second major (1788). Also, Muravyov-Apostol served at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the Purveyance Department and supervised the Schlisselburg canal as a Premier Major. In 1792, Muravyov-Apostol was introduced to the court of Catherine the Great as a tutor of Grand Duke Alexander Pavlovich and Konstantin Pavlovich. He was then appointed a marshal of ceremonies. Muravyov-Apostol managed to gain the affection of Catherine the Great and even Pavel Petrovich (future emperor), which would affect his further career quite favorably. In December 1796, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol (already Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich's chamberlain) was sent as a resident minister to Eutin to represent Russia at the court of Duke Peter of Holstein-Gottorp and Bishop of Lübeck. He combined this post with a similar post in Hamburg (1798) and Copenhagen (late 1799). As a diplomat, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol applied efforts to intensify the activity of the Second Coalition against France. He was a polyglot and was able to speak eight foreign languages, including a few ancient ones. In 1800, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol was recalled to Russia and promoted to privy councilor. In 1801, he was appointed vice president of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs (Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Ivan Muravyov-Apostol never supported Paul I (despite the latter's benevolence towards him) and took part in the 1801 conspiracy against the emperor, becoming the author of one of the unrealized draft laws on legal restriction of sovereign power. In 1802, he was appointed Russia's envoy to Spain, only to be dismissed four years later for some obscure reasons. Ivan Muravyov-Apostol was not in the service until 1824. That same year he became a member of the Governing Senate and a member of the General Board of Educational Institutions (Главное училищ правление). In the 1820s, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol's liberal views on certain issues received much public attention and gained him prominence. For example, he made a stand for Vasili Popov, the director of the Department of Public Education, who had taken part in the translation of a mystical book by Johannes Gossner banned in Russia. Also, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol asserted the right of universities and professors to make use of books disregarding the official censorship. He stood for the teaching of philosophy at the universities, contravening the official stance of a powerful statesman, Mikhail Magnitsky, who had been overseeing the educational affairs at that time.

In 1826, the family of Ivan Muravyov-Apostol suffered through an immense tragedy. After the suppression of the Decembrist Revolt, his youngest son Ippolit Muravyov-Apostol shot himself, not wanting to surrender to the authorities. His older son Sergey Muravyov-Apostol was hanged with four other leading Decembrists. His oldest son Matvey Muravyov-Apostol was sentenced to 15 years of katorga, which would later be changed to exile in Siberia. Ivan Muravyov-Apostol left the service after the revolt and was then officially discharged in May 1826. He was registered as an "absent" senator up until 1847, all that time living mainly in Vienna and Florence. Ivan Muravyov-Apostol's name completely disappeared from the mainstream Russian press from 1826 until the late 1850s (even though he returned to Russia in the 1840s).

Ivan Muravyov-Apostol died in Saint Petersburg in March 1851 and was interred at the Georgiyevskoye Cemetery.

Ivan Muravyov-Apostol is also known to have been a litterateur. He participated in the proceedings of a literary club called Conversations of the Admirers of the Russian Language ("Беседы любителей русского слова"). Also, Ivan Muravyov-Apostol was a member of the Free Society of the Admirers of the Russian Literature (Вольное общество любителей российской словесности). He was an active member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1811) and honorary member of Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ivan Muravyov-Apostol's most significant work was a book called Journey Across the Tauride in 1820. It contains valuable information on archaeology, flora and fauna of the Crimea, unique features of urban, rural and monastic life of this region, and colorful depictions of its customs.

According to testimonies of Ivan Muravyov-Apostol's contemporaries (such as Konstantin Batyushkov, Nikolai Grech and others), he was a man of a brilliant mind, esthete, polyglot, and bibliophile. Ivan Muravyov-Apostol ranged almost all of Europe and met many prominent people, such as Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Vittorio Alfieri, and George Byron. He is known to have been a tyrant to his family members, an epicurean, and a squanderer (dissipated several millions of rubles of fortune).

References

1762 births
1851 deaths
Russian male writers
Diplomats of the Russian Empire
Politicians from the Russian Empire
Members of the Russian Academy
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Nobility from the Russian Empire
Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Denmark


The Skies are Closer in Homesh (), also called Hitna'ari () is a 2004 documentary film that follows a newlywed Jewish couple through their first few years of married life in the Israeli settlement of Homesh in Samaria as they experience, and recover from, a terrorist attack. It is based on the real-life experience of director Menora Hazani and her family who lived on the settlement.

Produced by Manora Hasani-Katzover, daughter of Benny Katzover, co-founder of ultranationalist activist group Gush Emunim, it has been described as "clearly an almost didactic, right-wing film".

Description
The film is the second in a trilogy by Menora Hazani, a former resident of Homesh, presenting the point of view of Israeli settlers. She filmed the first of the trilogy, It Happened After the Spring (2001) before graduating from the Ma'aleh School of Television, Film and the Arts; The Skies are Closer in Homesh (2004) and Arise From the Dust (2005), recounting the evacuation of the settlement, followed. The Skies are Closer in Homesh documents the early years of Hazani's marriage and the birth of her first child at Homesh. Shortly after she moved to the isolated settlement, three residents were killed in terrorist attacks, and a month later, four members of the Gavish family were murdered. The film explores the plight of Israeli settlers in the West Bank and their yearning for the Messianic redemption.

The documentary sympathetically portrays the deep, Jewish attachment to the soil of the Holy Land. Filmed on two Israeli settlements that have experienced terrorist attacks, it also depicts the trauma experienced by Israeli settlers targeted by terrorists.

The film was screened at film festivals in New York and Washington, D.C.

See also
Other documentaries about the Arab–Israeli conflict:
The Land of the Settlers
At the Green Line
My Dearest Enemy
All Hell Broke Loose
Nadia's Friend
The Temple Mount is Mine

References

Sources

External links
Jewish film archive summary
The Jewish Channel
New Israeli Foundation for Cinema

Documentary films about Jews and Judaism
Israeli documentary films
Documentary films about terrorism
2004 documentary films
2004 films
Documentary films about the Israeli–Palestinian conflict


Papyrus 50 (Gregory-Aland), designated by 𝔓50, is an early copy of a small part of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles, it contains Acts 8:26-32; 10:26-31. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 3rd/4th century. Elijah Hixson suggests that the manuscript may possibly be a forgery based on anomalies in line spacing, some text seeming to wrap around lacunae, and serious issues with fiber alignment in the papyrus.

Description

The Greek text of this codex is mixed. It has some orthographical peculiarities and corrections. Aland placed it in Category III. The text generally concurs with Codex Sinaiticus and Vaticanus.

The nomina sacra are contracted (ΙΛΗΜ, ΠΝΑ, ΑΝΟΣ, ΑΝΟΝ, ΘΣ, ΘΥ, ΚΥ).

The manuscript was purchased in Paris by Yale University in 1933 along with other manuscripts of Egyptian provenance. The text of the codex was published in 1937 by Carl H. Kraeling.

It is currently housed at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University (P.CtYBR inv. 1543) in New Haven.

See also
 Acts of the Apostles: chapter 8 and 10
 List of New Testament papyri

References

Further reading

 Carl H. Kraeling, Two Selections from Acts, in: Robert P.Casey, Silva Lake i Agnes K. Lake: Studies Presented to KIBSOPP LAKE by Pupils, Colleagues and Friends. 1937, s. 163–172.
 Philip W. Comfort, The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts, Tyndale House Publishers, 2001, p. 362-364.

External links
 Image 𝔓50 recto
 Image 𝔓50 verso

New Testament papyri
4th-century biblical manuscripts
Acts of the Apostles papyri


The GULAG Operation was a German military operation in which German and Soviet anti-communist troops were to create an anti-Soviet resistance movement in Siberia during World War II by liberating and recruiting prisoners of the Soviet GULAG system. Despite ambitious plans, only a small group of former Soviet POWs was airlifted to the Komi Republic in June 1943. Members of the group were captured or killed days after landing.

Ambitious plans
The plan was designed in mid-1942 by Soviet POWs in German captivity in the Hammelburg POW camp, primarily by an NKVD officer, Brigade Commander , and a Red Army officer, Colonel Mikhael Meandrov. The plan, part of the German efforts to create anti-communist resistance behind the Soviet lines, called for a naval and air invasion of Siberia by allied German and anti-Soviet Red Army forces, targeting the GULAG penal system camps, recruiting more anti-Soviet forces from the prisoners, and thus opening a second front in the war between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union.

The plan called for the creation of insurgent activity in the extensive region from the Northern Dvina River to the Yenisey and from the extreme north to the Trans-Siberian Railway. The region of the planned actions was divided into three operational zones: Northern (right shore of the flow of northern Dvina), central (near the Pechora River) and eastern (from the Ob River to the Yenisey). Landing force members had to seize the GULAGS, free and arm the prisoners and deportees and move with them in the general direction of the south.

Implementation and aftermath
The plan, part of the larger Operation Zeppelin, was analysed and tentatively approved by the Reich Security Head Office (RSHA) and steps were taken towards implementing it. About 150 Soviet POWs were conscripted into the units that were to be used in the operation: two assault groups of 50–55 people each, the group of the radio operators consisting of 20–25 people and the support (medical) female group of 20 people.

On 2 June 1943, the first group of 12 former Soviet POWs, trained by the Germans and dressed in NKVD uniforms, were airdropped in the Komi Republic. On 9 June, the group was however detected (two killed, rest taken prisoner) by real NKVD troops.

Soon after this failure, the Germans decided to abandon the operation. The anti-communist group that Bessonov founded in the POW camp was disbanded, and he himself was transferred to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Some of Bessonov's organisation members were employed in other German anti-Soviet operations, without any notable successes. Bessonov and Meandrov survived the war to be executed by the Soviet authorities after being transferred to their custody.

See also
 Anti-Soviet partisans
 Other Axis-affiliated anti-communist guerrillas:
 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya
 Belarusian Black Cats
 Crusaders (guerrilla)
 Ukrainian Insurgent Army
 Werwolf
 List of uprisings in the Gulag
 Yugoslav Partisans, a communist-led World War II resistance movement

References

External links
Biography of Bessonov
 Biography of Meandrov

1943 in the Soviet Union
Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
Collaboration with Nazi Germany
Guerrilla wars
Gulag
Insurgencies in Europe
June 1943 events
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
Rebellions in the Soviet Union


I3C may refer to:

 I3C (bus), an inter-circuit protocol evolved from I²C
 Indole-3-carbinol, a chemical
Interoperable Informatics Infrastructure Consortium, a collaboration of organizations aiming to develop a set of common protocols and standards in bioinformatics


A carillon is a musical instrument of bells in the percussion family.

Carillon, the carillon, or le carillon may also refer to:

Geography
 Carillon (electoral district), Manitoba, Canada
 Carillon, Richmond, Virginia, US
 Carillon, a village and former municipality of Saint-André-d'Argenteuil, Quebec
 Carillon City, a shopping centre in Perth, Western Australia
 Carillon Historical Park, Dayton, Ohio, US
 Carillon Tower, a skyscraper in Charlotte, North Carolina, US

Music
 Carillon (Elgar), a recitation with orchestral accompaniment by Edward Elgar
 Carillon (Murrill), a composition for organ by Herbert Murrill
 "Carillon", a song by Sky from Sky
 Carillons (Williams), a composition for orchestra by Grace Williams
 Le Carillon (EP), an EP by The Autumns
 Le carillon, a ballet by Jules Massenet
 Carillon de Westminster, a composition for organ by Louis Vierne
 "Carillon-Sortie", a composition by Henri Mulet

Newspapers
 Le Carillon, Hawkesbury, Ontario
 The Carillon (Steinbach), Steinbach, Manitoba
 The Carillon (Regina), University of Regina

See also
 Carillion, a former British multinational company


State Route 153 (SR 153) is a  long east–west state highway in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. The western terminus of SR 153 is at a signalized intersection with southbound SR 43 in Canton, along a stretch of SR 43 where that highway is divided into a one-way couplet.  SR 153 has its eastern endpoint at SR 183 nearly  south of Alliance.

Route description
All of SR 153 is situated within the eastern half of Stark County.  No part of this state highway is included as a part of the National Highway System (NHS).  The NHS is a network of routes determined to be most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the nation.

History
The SR 153 designation was established in 1932.  Its original routing consisted of the portion of the existing alignment of SR 153 between its western terminus at SR 43 in Canton and its junction with SR 44 in Louisville.  SR 153 replaced what was a portion of SR 44 before that highway was re-routed to continue due south from Louisville toward East Canton.  In 1937, SR 153 was extended east from Louisville to its present eastern terminus at SR 183, which at the time carried the SR 80 designation.  The extension utilized a county-maintained roadway.

Major intersections

References

153
Transportation in Stark County, Ohio


Monica Kim is a Canadian singer-songwriter who had a hit in Colombia.

Life
Kim was born in Germany in 1947 and grew up in Stuttgart, immigrating with her parents to Canada in 1952. At 30 her husband bought her a piano. Kim's first audiences were church members and then she branched out to create her own recordings and to perform in hotel lounges and concert halls.

In 1989 Kim spent four years performing in Colombia, Venezuela and Argentina. After her return to Canada in 2002, Kim began to teach vocals.

In 2008 KAB Productions released Kim's CD, Dreams Can Come True

Discography
 Dreams Can Come True (2008)

Television appearances
 1983 - Weekend with the Stars
 1982 - Backstage CHCH-TV, Performance, Interview with Global TV News, Variety Club Telethon, Weekend with the Stars
 1981 - The Alan Thicke Show 4 appearances
 1980 - Bob McLean Show
 1979 - CBC Television Special

References

External links
 Monica Kim's Webpage
 KAB Productions - Canadian Music Production and Promotion

Canadian women singers
German emigrants to Canada
German people of Canadian descent
Canadian performers of Christian music
Musicians from Ontario
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


Chaudayyadanapur is a small village in Ranebennur taluk of Haveri District in Karnataka state of India. All facets of Indian civilisation (religion, art and poetry) are exemplified in an exquisite Mukteshwara temple, with the highest degree of refinement.

Introduction
Shivapur, the old name of Chaudadanapur (Chaudayyadanapur) saint, a 12th-century social reformer Basaveshwar, donated this village to Ambigara Chaudayya (a boatman). So the name is Chaudayyadanapur or Chaudadanapur.

The temple of Mukteshwar at Chaudayyadanapur in Ranebennur Taluk is a beautiful representative of the style and the high culture of that time.

The Mukteshwar Temple

The Mukteshwar Temple is a single cella temple in Jakkanachari style. Similar temples were built under the patronage of Kalachuris of Kalyani or Seuna dynasties. This temple is a jewel of architecture of the 11th–12th centuries. It was built during the heyday of the kingdom ruled by the Kalyani Chalukyas and the Seunas of Devagiri. It is dedicated to an Udbhava (spontaneously born) Lingam named Mukteshwar.

The dome of the temple is hollow and is closed by the slabs of the stupi. Shikhara of the Mukteshwara temple is 2.2 m in its axis at the base. The stupi is made of three beautiful lotiform mouldings  diminishing in size and a lotus bud with its base.

Kannada inscriptions

History

The history of Mukteshwar Temple at Chaudayyadanapur is known through seven inscriptions in medieval Kannada, engraved on large steles. They provide information on the local rulers, kings of Guttala (Gupta ascendancy), on some constructions in the temple complex, on diverse donations to the deity.

They provide the details on a prominent religious leaders. Inscriptions introduce Muktajiyar, a Lakulasaiva saint, and Shivadeva, a Virashaiva saint, who entered the place on 19 August 1225 and led there a long life of renunciation, asceticism and spiritual elevation. The legacy of this age of intense Shaivism is a jewel of architecture and sculpture.

Conservation and restoration

There is a need of immediate conservation and restoration for the Narasimha temple Narasapur.

See also

 North Karnataka
 Tourism in North Karnataka
 Ranebennur
 Haveri
 Galaganatha
 Mylara Lingeshwara Temple at Mylara
 Hangal
 Bankapur
 Kaginele

References

External links

Cities and towns in Haveri district
Chalukya dynasty
Western Chalukya Empire


Vehicle registration in Ecuador is composed of two parts.
 The vehicle registration document that describes the vehicle characteristics, such as the year of manufacture and vehicle identification number; and the vehicle owner's information, such as name and address. The registration must be renewed every four years.
 The registration plates which display a unique registration letter-number combination. These must be placed on the front and rear of the vehicle. Two plates are issued for each vehicle, except motorcycles which receive one plate, and they should be inspected for serviceability every year. If the plates are damaged they should be replaced.

Current plates

Plate characteristics
The plates are 154 mm high and 404 mm wide and are reflective in order to improve their visibility. The unique letter-number combination consists of three letters followed by three or four digits ranging from 000 to 9999. Formats in use are ABC-123 (old format) and ABC-1234 (new format). The word "Ecuador" appears in uppercase letters at the top of the plate.

Letter codes
The first letter in the letter-number combination indicates the province of issue. The second letter, also called the "key letter", identifies the type of license plate (described below). Some plates have a small 'D' at the top right of the plate, meaning Duplicata or duplicate. The 'D' is used when the original plate is, for instance, lost or damaged.

Plate colors
Depending on the type of vehicle, license plates have different colors. Since June 2012, with the modification of the vehicle code, the form of the license plates was modified. Private vehicles continue with black characters on a white background. For non-private vehicles, the new license plates keep the same differentiating color as previously used, but the color is no longer applied to the entire license plate. These newer plates only have a colored upper border, and the rest of the license plate is white. This change was made in a way that improves the visibility of license plates, in particular to cameras and radars. All older style plates were expected to be replaced by 2019; however, the older style plates will remain valid until replaced.

Vehicle types

Standard plates
The background color of license plates varies according to the second letter and identifies the type of vehicle as shown in the following table.

Only in the Guyas province there is a light blue crest with the legend COMISION DE TRANSITO DE LA PROVINCIA DEL GUAYAS at the top left of the plate.

Diplomatic plates
The plates have a XX-0123 format with ECUADOR in black capital letters on top of the plates. The first two letters denote different types of plates based on the user of the vehicle.

International organizations
Plates for vehicles belonging to International Organizations have white lettering on red background.

Military plates
The vehicles of the Armed Forces of Ecuador use plates that begin with the letter "F," and they have white writing on black background.  These plates normally have the additional letter(s) "T" for Army vehicles, "N" for Naval vehicles, and "AE" for Air Force vehicles. Black on light blue colors are used for vehicles of military institutions. The registration consists of three letters followed by a hyphen and three numerals. DAC-### stands for Direccion General de Aviacion Civil.

Motorcycles
Bikes have black on yellow with X·#### or X·##### format.

Temporary plates
Temporary plates have white on black format with ECUADOR written in white capitals.

Obsolete plates
The older style single color Ecuadorian license plates are in the process of being replaced, but it is possible that some may still be seen on vehicles.

The following plates that are in a different format are also being replaced.

References

External links
Ecuador license plate (Spanish)
http://licenseplatemania.com/landenpaginas/ecuador.htm

Ecuador
Ecuador transport-related lists
Transport in Ecuador


Ben Barzman (October 12, 1910 – December 15, 1989) was a Canadian journalist, screenwriter, and novelist, blacklisted during the McCarthy Era and known best for his screenplays for the movies  Back to Bataan (1945), El Cid (1961), and The Blue Max (1966).

Career
He was born in Toronto, Ontario to a Jewish family.  He was the screenwriter or co-writer of more than 20 movies, from You're a Lucky Fellow, Mr. Smith (1943) to The Head of Normande St. Onge (1975).

Blacklisting

Like many of his colleagues in the movie business, Barzman was blacklisted by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

His wife, Norma Barzman, was a Communist Party USA member from 1943 to 1949.  In 2014, she told the Los Angeles Times, "one should be proud to have been a member of the American Communist Party during those years. Hitler was invading the Soviet Union, so there was no reason to be anti-Russian, they were our allies."

The couple relocated to England so Barzman could work on the movies Give Us This Day (aka, Christ In Concrete, 1949). After his return to the United States after directing Give Us This Day, Edward Dmytryk, one of the Hollywood Ten, testified about the Barzmans to HUAC in 1951. "To get out of prison he named us and a lot of other people," said Norma Barzman in 2014. During the 1950s, the family relocated to Paris, where friends included Pablo Picasso, Yves Montand, and Simone Signoret, and later southern France. Barzman did not receive credit for some movies because of the Hollywood Blacklist.

His U.S. citizenship was revoked from 1954 to 1963.  His wife Norma had her passport revoked from 1951 for seven years.  The family remained abroad in London, Paris, and Mougins (France) until 1976, during which time he wrote his novels and screenplays for French and Italian movies.

Death
Barzman died in Santa Monica, California, United States.

Surviving him was his wife, Norma Barzman, and seven children (including director Paolo Barzman, screenwriter Aaron Barzman, visual artist Luli Barzman, and French university professor John Barzman) and five grandchildren.

Work

Filmography
 1943: You're a Lucky Fellow, Mr. Smith
 1945: Back to Bataan
 1946: Never Say Goodbye
 1948: The Boy with Green Hair
 1949: Give Us This Day
 1952: Stranger on the Prowl (it: Imbarco a mezzanotte)
 1952: The Faithful City
 1952: Young Man with Ideas
 1955: Oasis
 1957: Time Without Pity
 1957: He Who Must Die (fr: Celui qui doit mourir)
 1959: Blind Date (US: Chance Meeting)
 1961: El Cid
 1963: 55 Days at Peking
 1963: The Ceremony
 1964: The Fall of the Roman Empire
 1964: The Visit
 1965: The Heroes of Telemark
 1966: The Blue Max
 1969: Z—uncredited
 1972: The Assassination
 1974:  (ger: Sie sind frei, Doktor Korczak)
 1975: Normande

Bibliography
In 1960, Barzman became a science fiction author, with his novel Out Of This World. It dealt with the idea of a twin planet of Earth in the same orbit as Earth, hidden from our view by the sun. The two planets had developed almost identically from creation—but World War II never happened on the twin Earth.

 Out of This World (London: Collins, 1960) - published in the U.S.A. as Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star (G.P. Putnam's Sons) and subsequently in various paperback editions as Echo X; also published in Sweden as Från en annan värld.
 Rich Dreams (Warner Books, 1982) - novel, written with Norma Barzman; published as a paperback original.

Awards
 1985:  Order of Arts and Letters.

Legacy
He received a retrospective showing of his movies at the Cinematheque in 1982.

References

External sources
 Norma Barzman, The Red and the Blacklist (2003)

Tender Comrades: Interviews with Blacklisted Hollywood Reds

Canadian science fiction writers
Canadian male journalists
Canadian male novelists
1910 births
1989 deaths
Canadian communists
20th-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
Journalists from Toronto
Canadian male screenwriters
Writers from Toronto
Jewish Canadian journalists
Hollywood blacklist


War Is Hell was a horror/war comic book series from Marvel Comics in 1973–1975. For its first six issues, it featured reprints of old war comics, followed by two issues of reprints of Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos. Beginning in issue #9, the series featured new material; the star of the series became Death, who forces a dishonorably discharged Polish-American soldier named John Kowalski, killed in the invasion of Poland, to die countless deaths from other lives. A War Is Hell limited series featuring Phantom Eagle appeared in 2008.

John Kowalski
During the series, Kowalski inhabits bodies of those about to die, not necessarily of the same side or sex, during World War II, including both the European and Pacific theatres, and needs to change things for the better before he is killed. Death summons him from the nether regions each story, and Kowalski wonders how many times he will have to do so. The series was created by writer Tony Isabella, but after successfully pitching the series and submitting his plot for the first issue, his new position as editor ate up a lot of his writing time. Isabella recalled that "Roy [Thomas, Marvel editor] wanted to give Dick Ayers a series to replace "It! The Living Colossus" and asked me to come up with a new series for War Is Hell. Dick and I had worked together on a number of things and enjoyed working with each other."

Chris Claremont, a former political theorist and historian, took over as the series's writer for the remainder of its run. According to Claremont, "The parameters were that we were going sequentially through the war. The rest was up to me."

"My Love Must Die", a story published in War Is Hell #12 in which Kowalski is brought together with his lost love and son, is generally considered the high point of the series. Penciller Don Perlin kept the original art for page 16 from the story in his home as one of his favorites.

The series was canceled with issue #15, which Claremont said was no surprise: "Nobody thought it would last more than six issues." Claremont's intentions for Kowalski were revealed when he wrote volume 2 of Man-Thing and incorporated the character into its final two issues (#s 10 & 11). By this point (the early 1980s), Kowalski had become an aspect of Death. He makes Barbie Bannister (a recently orphaned by murder rich girl introduced by Claremont in Man-Thing vol. 2 #5) another aspect of Death as they battle Sheriff John Daltry, who is possessed by the sword of Captain Fate. He causes the deaths of Doctor Strange, Man-Thing, Jennifer Kale, and Chris Claremont himself, although these deaths are undone by the end of the story, in order to battle Thog the Nether-Spawn, who is using Fate and Daltry as his pawns in another gambit to take over Earth-616. Other stories which Claremont had plans for before the series was cancelled included a story based in Vietnam as the U. S. troops were attempting to push back the Japanese invaders, and a story set in the Nazi concentration camps with a young Magneto playing a role.

Kowalski later appeared with Scarlet Witch in a story by Dennis Mallonee (writer) and John Ridgway (artist) in Solo Avengers #5.

Bibliography
War Is Hell #9 — "War Is Hell!" Isabella, Thomas, Claremont, Gerber, Ayers, Springer (19 pp)
War Is Hell #10 — "The Corridor" Isabella, Claremont, Ayers, Springer (18 pp)
War Is Hell #11 — "Winter Kill" Claremont, Perlin, Trapani (18 pp)
War Is Hell #12 — "My Love Must Die" Claremont, Perlin, Hunt (19 pp)
War Is Hell #13 — "Today Is a Lovely Day to Die" Claremont and Trimpe (17 pp)
War Is Hell #14 — "The Duty of a Man" Claremont and Evans (17 pp)
War Is Hell #15 — "A Christmas Eve in Hell" Claremont and Trimpe (17 pp)
Man-Thing vol. 2 #10 — "Came the Dark Man, Walkin', Walkin'..." Claremont, Perlin, Wiacek (22 pp)
Man-Thing vol. 2 #11 — "Hell's Gate!" Claremont, Mayerik, Wiacek (22 pp)
Solo Avengers #5 — "A Love That Never Dies" Mallonee and Ridgway (11 pp)

Phantom Eagle

In 2008, a new five-issue limited series, titled War Is Hell: The First Flight of the Phantom Eagle, appeared under the MAX imprint. Phantom Eagle (Lt. Karl Kaufman) was a World War I hero created by Gary Friedrich and artist Herb Trimpe (artist) in 1968, and the new story was by Garth Ennis (writer) and Howard Chaykin (artist).

Reprints
The series began as a reprint book, mostly from Atlas Comics-era war comics, adding Sgt. Fury for its last two issues before printing new material.  The first six issues contained four stories an issue, each around five pages:

Reprinting stories from Battle #30 (1 story) and #55 (3 stories)
Reprinting stories from Battle Action #30, (1 story) Battlefront #30 (2 stories), and Battle #55 (1 story)
Reprinting stories from Battle Action #15 (1 story) and G.I. Tales #5 (3 stories)
Reprinting stories from Battleground #15 (3 stories), and War Comics #17 (1 story)
Reprinting stories from Battlefront #34 (1 story), and Battleground #20 (1 story) and # 18 (2 stories)
Reprinting stories from War Comics #30, "Court Martial" by Werner Roth, Battleground #15, and War Comics #17
Reprinting Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #17
Reprinting Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #18

Collected editions

War is Hell: The First Flight of the Phantom Eagle collects War is Hell: The First Flight of the Phantom Eagle #1-5 (Marvel Max, hardcover, 120 pages, November 2008, )
Marvel Ghost Stories includes War is Hell #9 (176 pages, October 2011, )
Marvel Universe by Chris Claremont includes War is Hell #9-15 (1144 pages, August 2017, )

References

External links

1973 comics debuts
2008 comics debuts
Comics set during World War I
Horror comics
Marvel Comics set during World War II
War comics published by Marvel Comics


The Fire Alarm, Telegraph and Police Signaling Building, usually referred to just as the Signaling Building, is located on State Street in Troy, New York, United States. It is currently used as storage space by Rensselaer County.

It was built to implement a new combined fire and police "silent alarm" system in the early 1920s, using telephone wires instead of human bell-ringers. This represented the last step in Troy's efforts to prevent the devastating fires of the 19th century from destroying so much of the city again. It continued to be used for that purpose until 1968, and in 2003 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

External links
 Fire Alarm, Telegraph and Police Signaling Building

References

National Register of Historic Places in Troy, New York
Government buildings completed in 1922
Infrastructure completed in 1922
Buildings and structures in Troy, New York
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Telecommunications buildings on the National Register of Historic Places
Firefighting in New York (state)
Fire departments in New York (state)


"Pop Champagne" is a song by American hip hop recording artists Ron Browz and Jim Jones, officially released as a single on September 4, 2008 by Columbia and Universal Motown Records. The song features a guest appearance from fellow American rapper and Jones' Dipset cohort Juelz Santana. The song serves as the lead single from Jones' fourth studio album Pray IV Reign (2009). The song proved to be Jones' second most successful single to date, behind his 2006 hit "We Fly High".

Background
"Pop Champagne" featuring Jim Jones and Juelz Santana is actually a remix. The original is solely the producer of the song, Ron Browz. "I was going home one day, and DJ Jazzy Joyce — at 4:30 in the morning — was playing the [song]," Jim Jones recalled of the first time he heard "Pop Champagne." "And I know how much Ron wanted to become an artist and break into the game. ... So when I heard it, I was like, 'Damn, it got a good sound.' ... I was just being courteous, as he did so many hot beats for me. ... So, I jumped on the track, like, 'Let's see what it do.' It started to sound a little bit crazy, and I said, 'Well, let's see if we put Juelz Santana on it how crazy could it get. And I called Young Hub, and Hub was like, 'Aiight, on the strength of you, I'll jump on it for you."

Music video
The music video was directed by Dale Resteghini (a.k.a. Rage) and Jim Jones (a.k.a. Capo). It features cameo appearances by Dame Dash, Busta Rhymes, Mike Epps and Jessica Rich (a.k.a. "Rabbit") from Real Chance of Love.

Charts

Weekly charts

End of year charts

References

External links
Jim Jones - Pop Champagne (Feat. Ron Browz & Juelz Santana) Behind The Scenes

Jim Jones (rapper) songs
Juelz Santana songs
Ron Browz songs
Song recordings produced by Ron Browz
2008 debut singles
Songs written by Jim Jones (rapper)
2008 songs
Universal Motown Records singles
Songs written by Ron Browz
Songs written by Juelz Santana
MNRK Music Group singles
Music videos directed by Dale Resteghini
Songs about alcohol


Jamal Akachar (born 14 October 1982 in Breda) is a retired Dutch-Moroccan footballer.

Club career
He started his career for Ajax, where he made his debut against FC Groningen on 1 September 2002 while still an amateur and making a living as a taxi-driver. In July 2004 he left Ajax and moved to SC Cambuur and after 3 years in Leeuwarden he was released by the club after he spent a night in jail for alleged embezzlement. He signed in January 2008 a 3-year contract by Moghreb Tétouan, but returned to the Netherlands after the club failed to pay his wages.

References

External links
 Career stats - Voetbal International

1982 births
Living people
Dutch men's footballers
Moroccan men's footballers
AFC Ajax players
SC Cambuur players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Footballers from Breda
Dutch sportspeople of Moroccan descent
MA Tétouan players
Expatriate men's footballers in Morocco
Men's association football midfielders
Dutch taxi drivers


Brdo (Serbian Cyrillic: Брдо, meaning "hill") may refer to:

Serbia
Brdo (Nova Varoš), village near Nova Varoš
Banovo Brdo (Баново Брдо), an urban neighborhood of Belgrade
Labudovo Brdo (Лабудово брдо), an urban neighborhood of Belgrade
Julino Brdo (Јулино Брдо), an urban neighborhood of Belgrade
Pašino Brdo (Пашино Брдо), an urban neighborhood of Belgrade
Petlovo Brdo (Петлово Брдо or Певац) (also "Pevac"), an urban neighborhood of Belgrade
Topčidersko Brdo (Топчидерско Брдо), an urban neighborhood and former municipality of Belgrade
Kanarevo Brdo (Канарево Брдо), an urban neighborhood of Belgrade
Begovo Brdo (Бегово Брдо), a village in Kruševac, Rasina district
Vinča-Belo Brdo, an archaeological site in the village of Vinča near Belgrade
Zeleno Brdo (Зелено брдо), part of Mali Mokri Lug, an urban neighborhood of Belgrade
Glumčevo Brdo, part of Barajevo, a suburban neighborhood of Belgrade
A section of Braće Jerković (an urban neighborhood of Belgrade) called Mitrovo Brdo
Mramorsko Brdo, in Merošina
Simino Brdo, in Loznica
Bumbarevo Brdo, in Knić

Slovenia
Brdo, Domžale, a settlement in the Municipality of Domžale
Brdo, Ljubljana, a neighborhood of the City Municipality of Ljubljana
Brdo, Nazarje, a settlement in the Municipality of Nazarje
Brdo, Nova Gorica, a village in western Slovenia, in the Municipality of Nova Gorica
Brdo, Šentjur, a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur
Brdo, Slovenske Konjice, a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice
Brdo, Tržič, a settlement in the Municipality of Tržič
Brdo Castle near Kranj (Brdo pri Kranju), an estate and manor in the Municipality of Kranj, in the Upper Carniola region
Brdo pri Lukovici, a settlement in the Municipality of Lukovica

Croatia
 Brdo, Buje, a settlement in the Municipality of Buje

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bivolje Brdo, village in the Čapljina municipality of Herzegovina
Brdo, Donji Vakuf, a village in Donji Vakuf municipality
Brdo (Pale), a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dobro Brdo, a settlement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Babića Brdo, a settlement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brdo, Vitez, a village in Vitez municipality

Other
Novo Brdo (Ново Брдо; Novobërda or Novobërdë, Artana or Artanë), a town and municipality in the Pristina district of Kosovo
Velje Brdo, a settlement in Podgorica, Montenegro
Oblo Brdo, a settlement in Montenegro
Golloborda, or Golo Brdo, a geographical area in southeastern Albania


On the Green Carpet is a 2001 North Korean film directed by Rim Chang-bom. The film's title refers to the turf of the stadium which hosts the May Day mass games in Pyongyang.

Summary
The film is a romantic comedy, which involves a coach who is preparing a group of schoolchildren for the May Day mass games, and a former colleague who has now become his superior. She feels that he is being too demanding of his young performers, as the show he has devised requires a series of multiple somersaults. However, the children are willing to work as hard as necessary to please their leader, Kim Jong-il, and the film culminates in a lavish display of their abilities.

Everyday life in North Korea is presented as being pleasant and trouble-free, with no evidence of reported food shortages and an emphasis on the people's devotion to the "Dear Leader".

Festival screenings and critical response
On the Green Carpet was the first North Korean film to be invited to the Berlin International Film Festival, where it was screened in 2004 as a special one-off event. It had been chosen by the festival committee from a selection of ten films, and aroused a great deal of interest despite being shown without subtitles and with a German language-only voice-over. The predominantly German audience who saw the film later criticized it for its "Nazi-style propaganda". Sheila Johnson of FIPRESCI regarded it as a "rare and fascinating curiosity", but noted: "On the Green Carpet, with its flat, high-key lighting, functional editing and over-fondness for the zoom lens, could have been made forty years ago; although the subject might be superficially similar, it was executed with none of the technical brilliance of a Leni Riefenstahl movie."

On the Green Carpet has previously been screened at the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival in 2001.

References

External links

2001 films
2000s Korean-language films
North Korean comedy films


The Roland SP-555 is a discontinued music sampler manufactured by Roland Corporation. The 555 is part of the SP family, which includes Boss’s popular SP-303 and Roland's SP-404 installments. The sampler was released in 2008.

Features

The SP-555 has a microphone input that accepts 1/4 inch phone type, XLR type, and Hi-Z. The SP-555 also incorporates a loop capture setting, which allows looping samples that one can add to until recording is stopped. A total of 37 built-in effects can be assigned to 16 pressure-sensitive pads. In similarity to the SP-808 installment, the sampler has the D Beam feature, which allows one to control 3 different effects physically, including synth, trigger, and filter. "V-Link" connects the sampler to lighting, allowing light effects to change in sync with the sample or loop. The SP-555 also has several pre-loaded live FX, including Voice Transformer, Delay, Isolator, "Super Filter", and "DJFX Looper". One feature, the Effect Memory, recalls previous settings on the pads without interrupting any sound while switching effects.

Users
 Panda Bear (Noah Lennox) & Geologist (Brian Weitz), Members of experimental pop band Animal Collective
 Kai Campos, member of English electronic music duo Mount Kimbie
 Mndsgn can be seen performing live with the SP-555 in his March 2014 Boiler Room set.
Shabazz Palaces member Palaceer Lazaro uses an SP-555 for the group's NPR Tiny Desk Concert.

References

Further reading

External links
 https://www.roland.com/global/products/sp-555/
 Roland SP555 Sound On Sound review (archive.org)
 SP-Forums.com - An active forum dedicated to Roland's SP range

Samplers (musical instrument)
SP-555
D-Beam
Workstations
Grooveboxes
Music sequencers
Sound modules
Music workstations
Hip hop production
Japanese inventions


Tara Shanice Moore (born 6 August 1992) is a Hong Kong-born British former tennis player. She achieved career-high rankings by the WTA of 145 in singles and No. 77 in doubles. In her career, she won nine singles titles and 17 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

As a junior, she was coached by the American tennis coach, Nick Bollettieri. In September 2006, he referred to Moore as one of the best young players in his school, the Bollettieri Tennis Academy, along with Michelle Larcher de Brito. Her current coach is Charles Homewood. Her favourite surface is stated as being grass although most of her titles to date have come on hardcourt.

Career

2006–2007
Moore's first professional tennis match came in August 2006 at the $10k tournament in Guayaquil, Ecuador. She won two matches to qualify before losing in the first round of the tournament. Moore then moved on to qualify and reach the quarterfinals in only the second ITF tournament of her career in Caracas, Venezuela, another $10k event.

In 2007, Moore reached the quarterfinals of another $10k event in Irapuato before losing to Ana Clara Duarte of Brazil, in straight sets. In July, she entered her first $25k tournament in Felixstowe, England, where she lost in the qualifying stages. Her next two tournaments were both $10k events in England (Ilkley and Wrexham) and she managed to reach the quarterfinal stages of both of these. She ended the year with three consecutive first-round losses at $25k events. Her year-end ranking for 2007 was world No. 823.

2008
April and May resulted in three failures to qualify for ITF tournaments, two of which were $25k events, the other a $50k event. She became a quarterfinalist yet again in her next tournament, the $10k in Izmir, Turkey. She then began a successful grass-court season with a wildcard into the qualifying tournament of Wimbledon where she lost in the first round in a valiant three-set battle against former top-40 player Olga Puchkova of Russia. She followed this up immediately with her first ever semifinal in the $25k tournament held in Felixstowe and continued the momentum in the following tournament ($10k Frinton) where she won, beating fellow teenager Mona Barthel of Germany in the final.

Her next noteworthy result of 2008 came on the ITF Circuit in early November at the $10k event in Sunderland, England. She won through two tough three-set matches in the first and second rounds before winning her quarterfinal match in two sets and coming up against Laura Robson, in one of two all-British semifinals. She lost in straight sets to Robson (who was the eventual champion). Immediately after this was the $10k tournament in Jersey. In the second round of this tournament, she played a rematch of her second-round match in the previous tournament in Sunderland. She beat Tetyana Arefyeva in three sets for the second time in two weeks to reach the quarterfinal stage where she was beaten by Katarzyna Piter. She ended season with a singles ranking of world No. 712.

2009
Moore struggled throughout the year and did not go beyond the quarterfinals in any of the events she competed in. She enjoyed a straight-sets win over former top-20 player Eleni Daniilidou as she qualified for the $50 event in Nottingham. She also competed at the ITF junior events at Roehampton and Wimbledon but lost early in both events as she was drawn against junior world No. 3, Tímea Babos. Post Wimbledon, Moore's best result was qualifying for a $75k event in Shrewsbury before losing to Angelique Kerber. Moore was also asked to leave the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) National Tennis Centre (NTC) as a result of her perceived lack of professionalism and poor attitude. She would end the year in India before heading back to Hong Kong.

2010
New season started very much as 2009 ended for Moore with early losses in her first handful of events. She was training and working out of Hong Kong, following her expulsion from the LTA although in March, Moore began working with British tennis coach John Morris who was also the coach of Tímea Babos, ranked a lowly 790 on the WTA rankings, Moore moved back to Britain to train at Gosling Tennis Academy under the watchful eye of John Morris. Her results started to pick up in spring time of 2010 as she reached the final of a $10k event in Edinburgh, losing to stable mate Tímea Babos, following this up with her first career top-100 win at the $50k event in Nottingham, beating Chang Kai-chen in three tough sets. During the grass-court season, Moore represented Great Britain in the Maureen Connolly trophy, a sign that the LTA were beginning to see the improvements in Moore both on and off court. This was quickly followed by a wildcard into the ITF junior event at Roehampton where Moore beat world junior No. 1, Daria Gavrilova, 6–0, 6–1, before beating the 2010 Australian Open junior champion, Karolína Plíšková, 6–3, 6–1. But Moore found Karolina's twin sister Kristýna Plíšková too hot to handle as Plíšková achieved a rare double of winning both titles at Roehampton and Wimbledon. On to Wimbledon, Moore had some impressive wins and reached her first Grand Slam quarterfinal where she played fellow Brit Laura Robson and despite controlling much of the match, Moore lost in two sets although she put herself firmly on the tennis map during the grass-court season and credited John Morris for much of the improvements. Post Wimbledon, Moore won her second career title at a $10k event in Chiswick, as well as her first ITF doubles title, alongside Francesca Stephenson, at a $25k in Wrexham, beating Sania Mirza and Emma Laine in the final. She also made the singles quarterfinals in the latter event, with wins over Emilia Baños Gregorians and Manisha Foster. Moore would go on to reach several quarter- and semifinals before ending the year at the $75k event in Dubai. She achieved several career-high rankings through the year and ended 2010 ranked 370. Moore also became a professional in August 2010 when she signed professional terms with London-based management company Global Tennis Connections (GTC), she also signed a long term deal with Adidas International on the back of her upsurge in form and ranking.

2011–2013
Moore was runner-up in the $10k tournament in Sunderland, and won the $10k in Loughborough where she also won the doubles, partnering fellow Brit Francesca Stephenson. She also reached doubles finals in $10k tournaments in Istanbul, partnering Lisa Whybourn, and in Bath, partnering Emma Laine. She ended 2011 with a singles ranking of No. 332.

Moore won no titles in the 2012 season but finished runner-up in singles in the $50k tournament in Kazan, Russia, and in doubles, partnering fellow Brit player Lucy Brown in a $10k event in Antalya, Turkey. However, she improved her ranking throughout the year, and achieved No. 249 in singles.

She started 2013 winning the $10k singles titles in Glasgow and Preston, and following that with the $25k title in Surprise, Arizona. In partnership with compatriot Melanie South, also winning the doubles titles in Glasgow and in the $25k event in Rancho Mirage, California, and ended runner-up in Preston and in Phuket, Thailand.

Moore debuted in top 200 of the singles rankings on 22 April, and made the cut for the Roland Garros qualifying tournament, her first major outside of Wimbledon, where she has played qualifiers courtesy of wildcards. There she lost to seventh seed Sesil Karatancheva, in the first round of qualifying.

On grass in the UK, Moore was awarded a wildcard into the $75k Nottingham Trophy. She reached the second round, beating 143-ranked Slovenian Tadeja Majerič before falling to 110-ranked Hungarian, Melinda Czink. She then received a wildcard into the WTA Tour Birmingham Classic at Edgbaston where she narrowly lost to 12th seeded Kristina Mladenovic in the first round. This followed with a wildcard into Wimbledon in June, where she faced 46-ranked Estonian, Kaia Kanepi, in the first round. Kanepi went on to win in a close three-setter.

Back on the ITF Circuit, Moore reached the finals of both the singles and the doubles tournament of the $25k Woking event on outdoor hardcourt. She lost the singles final to Pemra Özgen in three sets, having held matchpoints. However, she and her Russian partner, Marta Sirotkina, won the doubles, beating Mari Tanaka and Kanae Hisami in the final.

However, in December the LTA cut her funding, citing a lack of results.

2014–2015
In 2014, Moore made her debut for the British Fed Cup team in the ninth/tenth placed playoff against Austria, and won her first singles rubber.

She impressively saw off Tamira Paszek, a former top-30 player. She also played in Wimbledon as a wildcard but lost in the first round to former Wimbledon finalist Vera Zvonareva in a match that spanned two days. Moore failed to build on her Wimbledon performance on her return to ITF Circuit play, as she won just three singles matches in the rest of the year. She saw her ranking slip outside the top 250 in the world as a consequence.

Her poor form continued in 2015. Playing solely at ITF level, Moore's best result was reaching the semifinals of a $10k tournament in Antalya and a $15k event in Loughborough. This was the first year since 2009 that she had failed to make a singles tournament final. She had more success in doubles, reaching three finals and winning the event Antalya in partnership with Cornelia Lister.

First WTA Tour doubles final
Moore's 2016 campaign got off to a bright start, as she won her first tournament of the year, a $10k event in Antalya, beating Anne Schaefer in the final. Following this, Moore and semi-regular doubles partner Conny Perrin played the WTA Tour event in Rio de Janeiro. This was her first WTA event in over two years. Entering would prove a wise choice as Moore and Perrin reached their first ever WTA Tour final, after a run that included a quarterfinal victory over second seeds Marina Erakovic and Sílvia Soler Espinosa. They were beaten by fourth seeds, Verónica Cepede Royg and María Irigoyen, in the title match.

In April 2019, in a match against Jessika Ponchet, Moore was trailing 0–6, 0–5 and facing match point, but made a comeback to win 0–6, 7–6, 6–3.

2022 Doping Suspension
In June 2022, Moore was suspended for doping violations. Ranked a career high in doubles at the time, she has since fallen completely out of both singles and doubles rankings after being banned from tournaments through at least 2023.

Personal life
Tara is married to fellow professional tennis player Emina Bektas. She was previously in a long-term relationship with her former doubles partner, Conny Perrin.

WTA career finals

Doubles: 2 (2 runner-ups)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 17 (9 titles, 8 runner–ups)

Doubles: 42 (17 titles, 25 runner-ups)

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
LGBT tennis players
British female tennis players
Hong Kong sportspeople
Tennis people from Florida
Lesbian sportswomen


Little Lake Liqenat or Lake Drelaj ( or Leqinati i vogël; ) is a small lake found on Mount Leqinat that reaches an elevation of  in the Accursed Mountains range in western Kosovo, near the border with Montenegro. The length of this lake is  and the maximum width is . Little Lake Liqenat at a lower elevation than the much larger Lake Liqenat found in the west of it and only a hill of pine trees separates the two.

See also

 List of lakes of Kosovo

References

Lakes of Kosovo
Accursed Mountains


Nathan André Chouraqui (; 11 August 1917 – 9 July 2007) was a French-Algerian-Israeli lawyer, writer, scholar and politician.

Early life
Chouraqui was born in Aïn Témouchent, Algeria. His parents, Isaac Chouraqui and Meleha Meyer, both descended from Spanish Jewish families who, as early as the 16th century, acted as judges, theologians, rabbis, poets and scientists in North Africa.

Education
From 1935 he studied Law and Rabbinical Studies in Paris. He was active in the French Resistance in the Maquis of Central France (1942–1945). Lawyer and later judge in the district of the Algiers Court of Appeal (1945–1947), Chouraqui became a Doctor of Law in 1948 (University of Paris).

Career
From 1947 to 1953, Chouraqui served as Assistant Secretary General of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, then as Permanent Delegate for the Alliance israélite Universelle (1953–1982), under the presidency of René Cassin. He travelled extensively throughout the world, lecturing in over 80 countries. From Jerusalem, where he lived since 1958, he acted as a spokesman for French culture in Israel and as an ambassador for Judaism the world over.

Vice President of the Committee of Non-Governmental Organisations (of UNICEF-UNAC) 1950–1956, he proposed the project to fight against trachoma, a project which consequently saved the eyesight of millions of children around the world.

Settled in Jerusalem since 1958, he became advisor to Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion (1959–1963) on the integration in Israel of Jews from Muslim countries, and on intercommunity relations.

Deputy Mayor
Elected Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem in 1965 under Mayor Teddy Kollek, Chouraqui was in charge of cultural affairs, international and interconfessional relations of the City of Jerusalem. From 1969 to 1973 he served as Municipal Counsellor and President of the Commission of Culture and Foreign Relations of the city.

Since 1965, Chouraqui was Director of Sinaï Publication of the Presses Universitaires de France (Paris), which publishes works in French essential to Jewish culture, including Luzzato, Buber, Kaufmann, Halkin, and Maïmonides.

He was a member of the Tribunal of the World Zionist Organization, founding President of the Alliance Française of Jerusalem, President of the Israel Interfaith Committee, President of the Israeli Film Institute (Reginald Ford Foundation) and President of the Movement for a Middle East Confederation.

As member of the Executive Committee of the World Congress of Religions for Peace (1974–1983), Chouraqui took an active part in interfaith movements, and was active in the development of cross-cultural friendship, especially for fraternization between Jews, Christians and Muslims, through personal action.

Publications
Chouraqui wrote hundreds of articles in the world press, numerous lectures and books concerning the spiritual and political problems raised by the resurrection of the State of Israel. Universal by essence, his writings range from poetry and theatre to legal studies, fiction to philosophical essays, history and sociology, and in particular the translation  and exegesis of the Hebrew Bible, New Testament and the Koran.

His books have been translated into twenty-three languages and won numerous literary prizes: the Golden Medal of the French language given by the Académie Française (1977), two prizes given by the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, the Sévigné prize (1970), the prize of the Zadoc Kahn Foundation, the prize Henri Hertz of the University La Sorbonne (Paris, 1991), Doctor Honoris Causa of the Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium,1992), and the prize Leopold Lucas of the Evangelic University of Tübingen (Germany, 1993).

Prize Méditerranée for "Moïse" (France 1995). Prize Louis Weiss (France 1995). Prize Renaudot Essai for "Jérusalem, ville sanctuaire" (France 1997). Chouraqui has been awarded Commandeur of the "Légion d'Honneur" (1994), and Commandeur of Art and Letters (France, 1996), Officer of the National Order of the Ivory Coast (1970), Fighter against Nazism and National Fighter (two Israeli decorations), Freeman of the city of Jerusalem (1996). Price senator Giovanni Agnelli, International prize for the interfaith dialogue between the cultural universes (1999).

Chouraqui is known for his translations and commentaries in French of the primary spiritual works of the monotheist religions. His life's path (Algeria, France, Israel) has passed through the meeting points of peoples and their faiths (Judaism, Christianity and Islam). Faithful to his Hebraic roots as well as to his French and Arab sources, André Chouraqui belongs to a category of writers whose thoughts span several worlds.

Personal life
In 1958, he married Annette Lévy. They have five children: Emmanuel, Elisabeth, Yaël, David and Mikhal, as well as fourteen grandchildren. He died in Jerusalem in 2007.

References

Additional reading
 D. Corcos, art. Chouraqui (André) in Encyclopaedia Judaïca, T. 5, 1971, p. 503–504.
 R. de Tryon-Montalembert, André Chouraqui, homme de Jérusalem, Ed. le Cerf, 1979.
 Dictionnaire des Religions, p. 279, P.U.F. Paris 1984.
 Cyril Aslanov, Pour comprendre la Bible : la Leçon d'André Chouraqui, Ed. Le Rocher 1999.
 L'Amour fort comme la mort, autobiography, Laffont 1990, Pocket Book 1995, le Rocher 1998.
Chouraqui's translation of the Bible

External links

 Official website

1917 births
2007 deaths
People from Aïn Témouchent
Algerian Jews
Translators of the Bible into French
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Translators of the Quran into French
Jewish translators of the Bible
20th-century translators
Deputy Mayors of Jerusalem
French people of Spanish-Jewish descent
Emigrants from French Algeria to France
French emigrants to Israel


WonderHowTo is a community-developed instructional video guide website launched on January 30, 2008. WonderHowTo acts as both a directory and search engine for how-to videos on the web. The free-access website is privately owned and operated by Wonder How To, Inc.

History
WonderHowTo was founded in 2006 by Stephen Chao and Michael Goedecke. Backed by Cambridge, Massachusetts-based General Catalyst Partners, WonderHowTo.com launched as the world's largest free how-to video resource with almost 90,000 entries, hitting the 100,000th mark in less than two months.

By March 2008, the site's audience had grown to 300,000 monthly unique visitors and 800,000 by July (source: Google Analytics). Partner Scripps Networks contributes instructional segments as well as handling advertising for the site.

Employing both human and automated curation, the how-to supersite aggregates and organizes links to thousands of videos featured on other popular how-to video site publishers, as well as specialized collections of how-to video from niche-targeted sites and servers worldwide. WonderHowTo is headquartered in Santa Monica, California.

Partners
On October 7, 2008, WonderHowTo signed a syndication partnership deal with VideoJug. Under the terms of the agreement, VideoJug will provide the video content to the website in return for licence fees and/or a cut of ad revenues.

WonderHowTo Network
As of 2020, the WonderHowTo network comprises several web properties including WonderHowTo.com, GadgetHacks.com, Next.Reality.News and Null-Byte

See also
 Instructables

References

External links
Official Website
Legit Room Website
System Administration Tutorials

How-to websites
American educational websites
Internet properties established in 2008
Privately held companies based in California


"One More Drink" is the second official single off Ludacris' album, Theater of the Mind. The song "co-stars" T-Pain. The song was released on iTunes on October 28, 2008. Ludacris performed the song live while he and T-Pain appeared as musical guests on Saturday Night Live. The song samples Shalamar's "Take That to the Bank".

Music video
The video was directed by Chris Robinson and was made available for digital download on iTunes Music Store October 28, 2008. The music video features comedian Katt Williams and Big Boi of Outkast, Playaz Circle, D. Woods formerly of Danity Kane, Vanessa Simmons, and Shareefa and Shawty. It premiered on BET's 106 & Park after T-Pain and Ludacris performed in promotion of T-Pain's third studio album, Thr33 Ringz.

Chart positions
In the U.S. "One More Drink" debuted at number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100. It has since the peaked at number 24, making it Ludacris's fourteenth top-thirty hit on the chart. It has peaked number 4 on the Hot Rap Tracks, number 15 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and number 35 on the Pop 100.

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

2008 singles
2008 songs
Ludacris songs
T-Pain songs
Songs about alcohol
Songs written by T-Pain
Songs written by Ludacris
Music videos directed by Chris Robinson (director)
Songs written by Jean-Claude Olivier
Songs written by Samuel Barnes (songwriter)
Song recordings produced by Trackmasters
Def Jam Recordings singles
Songs about Atlanta